& conjunction
&
(dated) in borrowed Latin phrases such as et cetera.

's-Hertogenbosch /-toʊx-/ /-tɑx-/ /-tɑɡ-/ /-tɒx-/ /-tɒɡ-/ /-təʊx-/ /-əˈ-/ /ˌsɛə-/ /ˌsɛəɹ-/ /ˌsɜɹtoʊɡənˈbɔs/ /ˌsɜːtəʊɡənˈbɒs/ pn
Bois-le-Duc
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'sblood /zblʌd/ interjection
palsambleu parsambleu
(archaic) An exclamation formerly used as an oath, and an expression of anger or wonder.

'umra n
oumra
(Islam) A minor hajj, a lesser pilgrimage to Mecca, other than at the time of the hajj.

*69 pn
\*69
(US, Canada, telephony) The telephone number used for last-call return services

's /s/ /z/ /əz/ /ɪz/ suffix
e
Possessive marker, indicating that an object belongs to the noun or noun phrase bearing the marker.
hez
In the absence of a specified object, used to indicate “the house/place/establishment of”.

ability /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ suffix
abilité
Forms a noun from a verb or an adjective by changing from -able; ability, inclination or suitability for a specified function or condition.

able /ə.bl̩/ suffix
able ible
Able to be done; fit to be done.

adic suffix
adique
(mathematics, computing) Having a specified adicity.

aemia suffix
émie
(British spelling, medicine) Blood; presence in blood (of a substance denoted by an affixed combining form); state or condition of the blood.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ /ɑːʒ/ /əd͡ʒ/ /ɪd͡ʒ/ suffix
age
forming nouns with the sense of collection or appurtenance.

agogue suffix
agogue
Someone who leads others.

aire suffix
aire
One whose wealth exceeds a specific number of units in the local currency.

amine suffix
amine
(organic chemistry) An amine.

ance /-əns/ suffix
ance
Added to a verb to form a noun indicating a process or action.

ancy suffix
ance ancie
Added to verbs and adjectives to form nouns conveying a condition or quality associated with the verb.

andry /-ændɹɪ/ /-ˈandɹi/ suffix
andrie
male mate(s), husband(s)
man, men; male(s)
male reproductive organ(s); (especially in, _, botany) : stamen(s)

ane /eɪn/ suffix
ane
Variant of -an, usually with differentiation (germane, humane, urbane), but sometimes alone (mundane).

anthropy suffix
anthropie
humanity; mankind

arch suffix
arque
leading, leader

archy suffix
archie
form of government or rule

ary /.ɹi/ /ə.ɹi/ /ɛɹ.i/ suffix
aire
(mathematics) Having the specified arity.

aster suffix
âtre
Used to form diminutive and pejorative nouns, labeling someone pretending to be what they are not.

ate /eɪt/ /ət/ suffix
âtre
(in adjectives) having the specified thing
ate
(chemistry, in nouns) a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic
er
(in verbs) to act in the specified manner

ation /ˈeɪʃn̩/ suffix
ation
An action or process
The result of an action or process

blast suffix
blaste
an immature cell or tissue

caine suffix
caïne
(organic chemistry, pharmacology) A synthetic alkaloid used as a local anesthetic.

carp suffix
carpe
part of a fruit or fruiting body

cele suffix
cèle
(medicine) A tumour.
(medicine) A hernia.

cene suffix
cène
(geology) Related to the geologic era called the Cenozoic, the current one.

centric suffix
centrique
Having a specified object at the centre, or as the focus of attention.

centrism suffix
centrisme

cide /-saɪd/ suffix
cide
killing
killer

clast suffix
claste
something that breaks or destroys.

coccus -cocci suffix
coque
any spherical microorganism

colous suffix
cole
Having a specified habitat.

cracy /-kɹəsi/ suffix
cratie
rule (in the sense of governing).

crat /-kɹæt/ suffix
crate
A participant in a specified form of government.
An advocate of a specified form of government.

cratic /ˈkɹætɪk/ suffix
cratique
used to form adjectives, of or befitting -cracy
used to form adjectives, of or befitting -crat

cyte /-saɪt/ suffix
cyte
Used to form cell names and classifications for mature cells.

drome suffix
drome
(literary) Forms placenames related to racetracks (now especially large covered racetracks) or similar structures.

ee suffix
é ée
Added to transitive verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (i.e., to whom or to which an action is done).
eur euse
(law) Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract or other transaction involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in -or.

eme /-iːm/ suffix
ème
Indicating a fundamental unit in some kind of structure, chiefly linguistic structure.

ence suffix
ence ance
(chiefly, non-productive) Same as -ance; having the state or condition of.

ene /-iːn/ suffix
ène
A polymer derived from an alkene.

er /ə/ /ɚ/ suffix
eur euse
(added to verbs) A person or thing that does an action indicated by the root verb; used to form an agent noun.
(added to nouns, chiefly denoting occupations) A person whose occupation is the root noun; (more broadly, occasionally with adjectives) a person characterized by the root.
lus
(added to certain adjectives and adverbs, now especially short ones) More; used to form the comparative.
(added to certain adverbs) More; used to form the comparative.

ery /əɹi/ suffix
erie
Added to verbs to form nouns meaning "place of" (an art, craft, or practice).

ese /is/ /iz/ /iːz/ suffix
ais ois
Used to form adjectives and nouns describing things and characteristics of a city, region, or country, such as the people and the language spoken by these people.

esque /ɛsk/ suffix
esque
In the style or manner of; appended to nouns, especially proper nouns, and forming adjectives.
Resembling; appended to nouns, especially proper nouns, and forming adjectives.

ess /əs/ /ɛs/ /ɪs/ -esses suffix
e esse euse
Used to form female equivalents.

est /əst/ /ɪst/ suffix
lus
Used to form the superlative of adjectives and adverbs.
es is s
(archaic, dialectal) Used to form the second-person singular present tense and past tense of verbs. (if thou is the subject; not used with you)

free /fɹiː/ suffix
ans
free from; devoid of; without

gamy /-ɡəmi/ suffix
gamie
Used to form nouns describing forms of marriage.

gate suffix
gate
Combined with a relevant place, person, activity, etc. to form the names of scandals.

gen suffix
gène
A producer of something, or an agent in the production of something.

genesis suffix
genèse
origin
production

gon suffix
gone
(geometry) Forms the names of plane figures containing a given number of angles, and thus bounded by that number of line segments (polygons). If the number is large enough, it can take the hyphenated suffix directly.

gony suffix
gonie

gram suffix
gramme
Something written, drawn or otherwise recorded.

graph suffix
graphe
that writes
(metonymic) that is written

graphy /-ɡɹəfi/ suffix
raphie graphie
Something written or otherwise represented in the specified manner, or about a specified subject.

hedron -hedra -hedrons suffix
èdre
(geometry) Forms the names of solid figures bounded by a certain number of planes (polyhedra).

hood /hʊd/ suffix
ité
A substantive suffix denoting a condition or state of being.

ian /iːən/ suffix
ien
(as a noun) One from, belonging to, relating to, or like.
(as a noun) Having a certain profession.

iatry suffix
iatrie
Forms names of specialized fields of medical practice.

ible suffix
ible
An adjective suffix, now usually in a passive sense; forms adjectives meaning "able to be", "relevant or suitable to, in accordance with", or expressing capacity or worthiness in a passive sense.

ic /ɪk/ suffix
ique
(chemistry) Used to denote certain chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ous. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃).

ics suffix
ique
Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.

ide suffix
ide ure
Any of a group of related compounds - azide, polysaccharide, glycoside.
ide
Any of a group of several elements - lanthanide.

ie /-i/ suffix
et ette
Forming diminutive or affectionate forms of nouns or names.

ification /ɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ suffix
fication ification

ify /ɪfaɪ/ suffix
ifier
To produce verbs meaning to make.

illiard suffix
illiard
Combined with Latin prefixes for names of integers in order to form names of large numbers as 106n+3.

illion suffix
illion
Combined with Latin prefixes for names of integers in order to form names of powers of a million or of a thousand greater than 1,000,000. Thus we have the names billion, trillion, etc.

in-law suffix
eau- elle-
Related through marriage.

ing /in/ /iŋ/ /ən/ /ɪn/ /ɪŋ/ /ɪŋk/ /ɪŋɡ/ suffix
age ment tion
Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.
ant
Used to form present participles of verbs.
age
Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.

ish /ɪʃ/ suffix
âtre ssez
(of adjectives from adjectives, with a diminutive force) Somewhat, rather.
aine nviron peu près
(of adjectives from numbers, especially of times and ages) About, approximately.
ais ain aine aise ois oise
(of adjectives from roots of proper nouns denoting names of nations or regions) Of, belonging, or relating to (a nationality, place, language or similar association with something).

ism /ɪ.zəm/ [ɪ.zm̩] suffix
isme
Used to form names of a tendency of behaviour, action, state, condition or opinion belonging to a class or group of persons, or the result of a doctrine, ideology or principle or lack thereof.

ist /-əst/ /-ɪst/ suffix
iste
one who subscribes to a particular theological doctrine or religious denomination;
a person who uses a device of some kind;
a person who holds bigoted, partial views.

ite /-aɪt/ suffix
ite
(chemistry) Used to form names of certain chemical compounds, especially salts or esters of acids whose name ends in -ous.

itis /-ˈaɪtɪs/ suffix
ite
(pathology) Suffix denoting diseases characterized by inflammation, itself often caused by an infection.

itude suffix
itude
state of

ity /əti/ [əɾi] [ɪti] [ɾi] suffix
ité té
Used to form an uncountable noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description.

ive /ɪv/ suffix
if ive
An adjective suffix signifying relating or belonging to, of the nature of, tending to, or serving to; as: affirmative, active, conclusive, corrective, diminutive.

ization /-əˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /-əˈzeɪʃn̩/ /-ˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /-ˌaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ suffix
isation
A suffix forming nouns denoting the act, process, or result of doing something, or of making something.

ize /-aɪz/ suffix
iser
Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives, especially similative verbs

kini suffix
kini
indicates a type of swimwear

land /lænd/ /lənd/ /lɪnd/ [lænd] suffix
lande ays erre ie
Used to form the name of a territory, country, or region.

latry /-lətɹi/ suffix
lâtrie
worship of

less /ləs/ /lɪs/ suffix
ans
Lacking (something); without (something). Added usually to a noun to form an adjective signifying a lack of that noun.

like suffix
in ine
Resembling, having some of the characteristics of (used to form adjectives from nouns).

ling suffix
ette et in ine
small, immature, miniature

logical suffix
logique
Used to form adjectival forms of nouns ending in -logy.

logist suffix
logue logiste
A person who studies or is an expert in the related -logy.

logy /ləd͡ʒi/ suffix
logie
A branch of learning; a study of a particular subject.

ly /li/ [li] [liː] [lɪ] [ɫiː] suffix
ment
Used to form adverbs from adjectives and nouns.
Used to form adjectives from nouns, the adjectives having the sense of "appearing like, resembling, or having the likeness of what is denoted by the noun".

lysis suffix
lyse
decomposition or breakdown
dissolving
disintegration

mancy suffix
mancie
(fantasy) Variety of magic, especially that controlling or related to a specific element, substance, or theme.

mania suffix
manie
compulsion or obsession.

maniac suffix
mane
Indicating a person who experiences a type of compulsion or obsession.

ment suffix
ment age

meter suffix
mètre
Used to form the names of measuring devices.

metry suffix
métrie
Forming nouns relating to measures and measurement.

naut suffix
naute
Forms nouns meaning voyager or traveller

ness /nəs/ /nɛs/ /nɪs/ [nɘs] suffix
ité esse
Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being (the adjective)", "the quality of being (the adjective)", or "the measure of being (the adjective)".

nomy suffix
nomie
a system of rules, laws, or knowledge about a body of a particular field; distribution, arrangement, management

oic suffix
oïque

oid /-oɪd/ /-ɔɪd/ suffix
oïde
Resembling; having the likeness of (usually including the concept of not being the same despite the likeness, but counterexamples exist).

ologist suffix
ologue
alternative spelling of -logist

ology /ˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˈɒləd͡ʒi/ suffix
ologie
(often, humorous) added to an ordinary English word to create a name for a (possibly non-existent) field of study.

oma -omas -omata suffix
ome
(pathology) Forming nouns indicating disease or morbidity.
(pathology, specifically) Forming nouns indicating tumors or masses, which may be non-neoplastic or (more often) neoplastic, and (if the latter) either benign or cancerous (malignant); in accord with present-day understanding of histopathology, the suffix is now nonproductive for non-neoplastic senses.

on suffix
on
(physics, maths, and, biology) Forming nouns denoting subatomic particles (proton), quanta (photon), molecular units (codon), or substances (interferon).
(biology, genetics) Forming names of things considered as basic or fundamental units, such as codon or recon.

one suffix
one
a ketone

onym suffix
onyme
word

ose /-oʊs/ /-əʊs/ suffix
ose
(chemistry) Used to form the names of sugars.

osis /-oʊ.sɪs/ /-əʉ.sɪs/ /-əʊ.sɪs/ suffix
ose
(pathology) functional disease or condition such as hepatosis

otic suffix
otique

ous /-əs/ suffix
euse eux
Used to form adjectives from nouns, to denote:

pedia suffix
pédie

penia suffix
pénie
deficiency

pexy suffix
pexie
Fixing (in place), fastening.

phage /feɪd͡ʒ/ suffix
phage
Something that eats, or consumes.

phile /faɪ̯l/ suffix
phile
Forming nouns and adjectives meaning "loving", "friendly", or "friend".

philia /-ˈfɪliə, -ˈfiːliə/ suffix
philie
(pathology) Used to form nouns meaning abnormal liking or tendency (for something), e.g. paraphilia.

philous suffix
phile

phobia /-ˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /-ˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ suffix
phobie
Used to form nouns meaning fear of a specific thing.
Used to form nouns meaning hate, dislike, or repression of a specific thing.

phone suffix
phone
A type of sound.
A device that makes a sound.
Forming nouns: a speaker of a certain language.

phore suffix
phore
Bearer, carrier or conveyor.

phrenia suffix
phrénie

pilled more -pilled most -pilled suffix
ilulé

plasty /-ˈplæsti/ suffix
plastie

plegic suffix
plégique
Adjectives derived from the related -plegia

proof suffix
oté d'une sécurité obviant à ermétique à mperméable à ésistant à l'épreuve de
Suffix added to a noun to form an adjective denoting imperviousness to that noun.

ptile /ptaɪl/ /ptɪl/ /ptʌɪl/ suffix
ptile
(botany, forming adjectives and nouns) type of leaf
(ornithology, forming nouns) type of plumage

rrhea /ɹiə/ /ɹɪə/ suffix
rrhée
(American spelling) flowing.

s /s/ /z/ /əz/ /ɪz/ suffix
s
Used to form regular plurals of nouns.

san suffix
san
Honorific ending used to indicate a person is Japanese or talking with Japanese, or treated like Japanese.

saur suffix
saure

scope suffix
scope
Used to make terms denoting an instrument used for viewing or examination.

scopy /-skəpi/ suffix
scopie
observation, viewing

ship suffix
esse eur
Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. In particular, the way a set of social duties associated with a particular role shapes or develop's one's character.

teen suffix
ze ix-
Used to form cardinal numbers from thirteen to nineteen.

th /-θ/ suffix
ième
(mathematics) Used to form a term denoting the ordinal numeral corresponding to the value, being a natural number, of a mathematical expression.

tion /-tʃən/ /-ʃən/ suffix
tion
(non-productive) Used to form nouns meaning "the action of (a verb)" or "the result of (a verb)". Words ending in this suffix are almost always derived from a similar Latin word; a few (e.g. gumption) are not derived from Latin and are unrelated to any verb. More often, -ation is used.

to-be suffix
n devenir
Future, later, expectant.

tomy /-təmi/ suffix
tomie
Cutting, incision, section

trophic suffix
trophe
Used to form adjectives corresponding to nouns ending in -trophy

tropy suffix
tropie

um /əm/ -a suffix
um
Denotes singular grammatical number.

ure suffix
ure

uria /-ˈjʊəɹɪə/ suffix
urie
(pathology) urine; urination; presence in urine (of a substance denoted by a prefixed combining form); state or condition of the urine.

ware suffix
ciel
Used to form mass nouns denoting specific classes of computer software, based on use, function, or method of distribution.

y suffix
et ette in ine
Forming diminutive nouns.
é
Forming abstract nouns denoting a condition, quality, or state.
ie
Used in the name of some locations which end in -ia in Latin.

yne suffix
yne
(organic chemistry) An unsaturated hydrocarbon having at least one triple bond; an alkyne.

1 Chronicles pn
1 Chroniques
(biblical) The first of the two Books of Chronicles and the thirteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

1 Corinthians pn
1 Corinthiens
(biblical) The first book of Corinthians and the seventh book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Sosthenes.

1 John pn
1 Jean
(biblical) The twenty-third book of the New Testament of the Bible, the first epistle of John.

1 Kings pn
1 Rois
(biblical) The eleventh book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

1 Maccabees pn
1 Maccabées
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

1 Samuel pn
1 Samuel
(biblical) The ninth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

1 Thessalonians pn
1 Thessaloniciens
(biblical) The thirteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the first epistle to the Thessalonians.

1 Timothy pn
1 Timothée
(biblical) The fifteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the first epistle to Timothy.

100 metres 100 metres n
100 mètres
(athletics) A sprint race over 100 metres.

100-meter dash 100-meter dashes n
100 mètres
(athletics) A sprint race over 100 meters.

1000th adj
1.000ème 1000e 1000ème
abbreviation of thousandth

100th adj
100e 100ème
abbreviation of hundredth

101 /ˈwʌnˌoʊ̯ˈwʌn/ adj
abc b.a.-ba base élémentaire
(chiefly, US, often, postpositive) Basic, beginner, starting from scratch.

1024th note 1024th notes n
octuple croche
(music, US, rare) A note played for 1/1024 of the duration of a whole note.

10th adj
10e 10ème
Alternative form of 10th

11th adj
11e
Alternative form of 11th

12th adj
12e 12ème
Alternative form of 12th

13th adj
13ème
Alternative form of 13th

14th adj
14ème
Alternative form of 14th

15 minutes of fame n
heure de gloire quart d'heure de gloire
(idiomatic) A very short time in the spotlight or brief flurry with fame, after which the person or subject involved is quickly forgotten.

15 puzzle 15 puzzles n
jeu de taquin
A sliding-block puzzle with 15 sequentially numbered square tiles in a 4×4 frame, the aim being to arrange the numbers in order by sliding one at a time horizontally or vertically into the single available space.

15-minute city 15-minute cities n
ville du quart d'heure

1500 metres 1500 metres n
1500 mètres
(athletics) A middle-distance running race over 1500 metres.

15th adj
15ème
Alternative form of 15th

16th /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ adj
16e 16ème
Alternative form of 16th

17th adj
17ème
Alternative form of 17th

18 holes n
18 trous
(sports, slang) A round of golf.

18th adj
18e
Alternative form of 18th

1992 pn
mille neuf cent quatre-vingt-douze
(economics) The commencement of the single market trade association of European Union countries, on January 1, 1993.

19th adj
19ème
Alternative form of 19th

1st /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ adj
1er 1re 1ère
Alternative form of 1st

2 Chronicles pn
2 Chroniques
(biblical) The second of the two Books of Chronicles and the fourteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible.

2 Corinthians pn
2 Corinthiens
(biblical) The second book of Corinthians and the eighth book in the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Corinth attributed to Paul the Apostle and Timothy.

2 John pn
2 Jean
(biblical) The twenty-fourth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the second epistle of John.

2 Kings pn
2 Rois
(biblical) The twelfth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

2 Samuel pn
2 Samuel
(biblical) The tenth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

2 Timothy pn
2 Timothée
(biblical) The sixteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the second epistle to Timothy.

200 metres 200 metres n
200 mètres
(athletics) A sprint race over 200 metres.

2048th note 2048th notes n
nonuple croche
(music, US, rare) A note played for 1/2048 of the duration of a whole note.

20th /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ adj
20ème
Alternative form of 20th

21st adj
21e
abbreviation of twenty-first

22nd adj
22e
abbreviation of twenty-second

23rd adj
23e
abbreviation of twenty-third

24 Sussex pn
24, Sussex

24 Sussex Drive pn
24, promenade Sussex le 24, promenade Sussex
(Canada) The office of Prime Minister of Canada.

24 Sussex Street pn
24, rue Sussex le 24, rue Sussex
residence on Sussex Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

24/7 adv
24 heures sur 24 24/24 7/7 h24
abbreviation of twenty-four seven

24th adj
24e
abbreviation of twenty-fourth

25th adj
25e
abbreviation of twenty-fifth

2nd /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkənd/ adj
2d 2de 2e 2ème
Alternative form of 2nd

3 John pn
3 Jean
(biblical) The antepenultimate book of the New Testament of the Bible, the third epistle of John.

30th /ˈθɜː.ti.əθ/ /ˈθɝ.ɾi.əθ/ adj
30ème
abbreviation of thirtieth

311 pn
311
(Canada, United States, telephony) The telephonic service for accessing some local government services, depending on jurisdiction

3D adj
3D
abbreviation

3D printer /ˈθɹi ˈdi ˈpɹɪntɚ/ /ˈθɹiː ˈdiː ˈpɹɪntə(ɹ)/ [ˈθɹi ˈdi ˈpɹɪɾ̃ɚ] 3D printers n
imprimante 3D
(hardware, printing) A device for making three-dimensional solid objects from a digital model.

3rd adj
3e 3ème
Alternative form of 3rd

3x3 basketball n
basketball 3 contre 3 basketball 3x3

400 metres 400 metres n
400 mètres
(athletics) A sprint race over 400 metres.

40th adj
40ème
abbreviation of fortieth

411 pn
411
(Canada, United States, telephony) The telephonic information service.

4th adj
4e 4ème
Alternative form of 4th

5000 metres 5000 metres n
5000 mètres
(athletics) A long-distance running race over 5000 metres.

50th adj
50e 50ème
abbreviation of fiftieth

512th note 512th notes n
septuple croche
(music, US, rare) A note played for 1/512 of the duration of a whole note.

52100 n
100C6 AFNOR 100C6

5th adj
5e 5ème
Alternative form of 5th

60th adj
60e 60ème
abbreviation of sixtieth

610 Office pn
bureau 610
(informal) The Public Security Anti-Xie-Jiao Organization (公安部反邪教组, gong'anbu fanxiejiao zu) in the People's Republic of China

6th adj
6ème
Alternative form of 6th

70th adj
70e 70ème
abbreviation of seventieth

7th adj
7ème
Alternative form of 7th

800 metres 800 metres n
800 mètres
(athletics) A middle-distance running race over 800 metres.

80th adj
80e 80ème
abbreviation of eightieth

811 pn
811
(Canada, United States, telephony) The telephonic service for accessing some government services, depending on jurisdiction

8th adj
8e
Alternative form of 8th

9 to 5 9 to 5s n
de neuf à cinq
A day job, especially at a large company, emphasizing banality.

9/11 /naɪn.əˈlɛ.vən/ pn
11 septembre
The date of the attack on the Twin Towers and the Pentagon in the USA (September 11th, 2001).

90th adj
90e 90ème
abbreviation of ninetieth

9th adj
9ème
Alternative form of 9th

A /eɪ̯/ /æɪ/ n
A
Ace. (including in card games)

A Coruña /ˌɑ kəˈɹunjə/ pn
La Corogne
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A language A languages n
langue A

A level A levels n
baccalauréat bac
A non-compulsory examination taken in the final two years in British high schools; the qualification obtained by passing such an exam

A major n
la majeur
(music) The major key with A as its tonic, with the notes A, B, C♯, D, E, F♯, and G♯, the key signature of which has three sharps.

A minor n
la mineur
(music) The minor key with A as its tonic, consisting of the pitches A, B, C, D, E, F, and G.
(music) The minor chord with a root of A.

A-bomb A-bombs n
bombe atomique
(slang) An atomic bomb; a weapon that derives its energy from nuclear reactions and has enormous destructive power.

A-fib A-fibs n
FA FIBA FibA
(medicine)

A-flat major n
la bémol majeur
(music) The major chord with a root of A-flat.

A-sharp major n
la dièse majeur

A-shirt A-shirts n
maillot marcel
An athletic shirt or a similarly cut undershirt.

AA pn
AA
Initialism of Alcoholics Anonymous: a self-supporting organization of alcoholic people.

ABC /eɪ biː siː/ ABC's ABCs n
b.a.-ba
(obsolete) A primer for teaching the Latin alphabet and first elements of reading. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid-17th century.]
The fundamentals of any subject. [First attested in the mid-16th century.]

ABS n
ABS
(automotive) Initialism of antilock braking system.

AC/DC more AC/DC most AC/DC adj
à voile et à vapeur
(comparable, slang) Bisexual.

ACAB phraseologicalUnit
ACAB NTP mort aux vaches nique la police
(derogatory) Initialism of all cops are bastards: an anti-police slogan protesting against police behaviour, often used in graffiti, tattoos, and other imagery.

AD /ˌeɪˈdi/ adv
ap. J.-C. apr. J.-C. en l'an de grâce
(often, punctuated) Initialism of anno Domini (borrowed from Latin); in the year of our Lord.

ADHD /ˌeɪ diː ˌeɪtʃ ˈdiː/ n
TDAH
Initialism of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

ADHDer ADHDers n
TDAH
(informal) A person with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder).

ADSL ADSLs n
ADSL
(telecommunications) Initialism of asymmetric digital subscriber line.

AF /eɪ̯ˈɛf/ /æf/ adv
FA
(Internet slang, vulgar) Initialism of as fuck.

AFAB /ˈeɪfæb/ AFABs n
AFAB

AFM AFMs n
AFM
(microscopy, uncountable) Initialism of atomic force microscopy.
(microscopy, countable) Initialism of atomic force microscope.

AI AIs n
IA
(AI, countable, and, uncountable) Initialism of artificial intelligence.
(agriculture) Initialism of artificial insemination.

AIDS /eɪdz/ n
SIDA
(disease, acronym) Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. [from 1982]

AK-47 /ˌeɪ.keɪ.fɔː.tiˈsɛv.ən/ AK-47s n
AK-47
The Soviet-built 1947 Kalashnikov assault rifle or any similar rifle built to this design.

ALS ALSes ALSs n
SLA
(disease, uncountable) Initialism of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

AMAB /ˈeɪmæb/ AMABs n
AMAB

AMT pn
AMT
(transport) AMT — the former Agence métropolitaine de transport – the Metropolitan Transit Agency; the transit agency for the MMC; now replaced by the RTM - Réseau de transport métropolitain.

AND ANDs n
AND ET
(logic) Alternative form of ∧, the conjunction operator.

APEC pn
APEC Coopération économique pour l'Asie-Pacifique
A regional trade agreement between Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Russia, South Korea, Taiwan (under the name Chinese Taipei), Hong Kong, the US, and members of ASEAN.

AQHI n
CAS
(Canada, Hong Kong, meteorology) Initialism of air quality health index, a measure of air pollution

ASAP /ˈeɪ.sæp/ /ˌeɪ.ɛs.eɪˈpiː/ adv
au plus vite dès que possible
Initialism of as soon as possible.

ASCII /ˈæski/ pn
ASCII

ASCII art n
art ASCII
(computing, art) A form of letter art that uses only ASCII characters.

ASD ASDs n
TSA
Initialism of autism spectrum disorder.

ASEAN /a.ˈseɪ.an/ /a.ˈseɪ.ən/ /a.ˈsi.an/ /a.ˈsi.ən/ /ˈa.ʃan/ /ˈa.ʃən/ /ˈæ.si.an/ /ˈæ.si.æn/ /ˈæ.si.ɑn/ /ˈæ.zi.an/ /ˈæ.zi.æn/ /ˈæ.zi.ɑn/ /ˈæɪ-/ /ˈɑ.si.ɑn/ /ˈɑ.zi.ɑn/ pn
ANASE
Acronym of Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

ASN ASNs n
ASN
(sport) A type of sports sanctioning (authorization) body

ATM ATMs n
DAB GAB bancomat
(banking) Initialism of automated teller machine or initialism of automatic teller machine.
ATM
(telecommunications, electronics) Initialism of asynchronous transfer mode.

ATV ATVs n
tout-terrain
(transportation) Initialism of all-terrain vehicle. (an astride-seated quad or tri-wheeled off-road recreational vehicle).

AU adj
SPL
(numismatics) Initialism of almost uncirculated.

AWOL /ˈeɪ̯.wɑl/ /ˈeɪ̯.wɔl/ /ˈʔɐ.wɔl/ AWOLs n
porté disparu
(figuratively) Someone or something missing.

Aachen /ˈɑkən/ /ˈɑxən/ /ˈɑːkən/ pn
Aix-la-Chapelle
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Aalenian adj
aalénien
(geology, paleontology) Of or pertaining to the Aalenian epoch.

Aalenian pn
Aalénien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Middle Jurassic epoch or series.

Aar /ɑɹ/ /ɑːɹ/ pn
Aar
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Aarau /ˈɑːɹaʊ/ pn
Aarau
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Aargau /ˈɑrˌɡaʊ/ /ˈɑːɡaʊ/ pn
Argovie
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Aaron /aaron/ /ahăron/ /ærən/ /ɛəɹən/ /ˈæɹ.ən/ /ˈæɹən/ /ˈɛə.ɹən/ /ˈɛəɹən/ /ˈɛɹ.ən/ /ˈɛɹən/ Aarons pn
Aaron
The elder brother of Moses in the Book of the Exodus, and in the Quran.
A surname transferred from the given name.

Abaza /əˈbɑ.zə/ /əˈbɑː.zə/ pn
abaze abaza
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, in the Caucasus Mountains, as well as in Turkey. [Mid 19th century.]

Abbas /əˈbɑːs/ Abbases pn
Abbas
A en given name

Abbeville /ˈæb.iˌvɪl/ pn
Abbeville
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Abbotsford pn
Abbotsford
Abbotsford, British Columbia, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Abbott pn
Labbé
A surname originating as an occupation.
(very, rare) A en given name.
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Abdera pn
Abdère
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Abdul /ɑbˈdʊl/ pn
Abdoul
A en given name used by Muslims.

Abdullah /æbˈdʌlə/ /ˌɑb.dʊlˈɑ/ pn
Abdallah Abdoullah Abdullah
A en given name.

Abdullatif pn
Abdellatif
An Islamic en given name.

Abecedarian /ˌeɪ.biˌsiˈdæɹ.i.ən/ Abecedarians n
abécédaire abécédarien
(historical) A member of a 16th-century Anabaptist sect, follower of the Zwickau prophets (and specially of Thomas Storch), who believed that any kind of knowledge (even basic reading and writing) would keep one from reaching obtaining salvation. [from 19th c.]

Abel /ˈeɪ.bl̩/ pn
Abel
(biblical character) The son of Adam and Eve who was killed by his brother Cain.
A en given name.

Abelard /ˈæb.ə.ˌlɑɹd/ pn
Abélard
(rare) A en given name.

Abelian Abelians n
abélien abélienne abélite abélonien abélonienne
(Christianity, historical) A member of a sect in fourth-century Africa mentioned by St. Augustine, who states that they married but lived in continence after the manner, as they claimed, of Abel.

Abenaki /ˌæbəˈnæ.ki/ /ˌɑbəˈnɑki/ adj
abénaqui abénaquis
Related or pertaining to the Abenaki people or language. [early 19th century]

Abenaki /ˌæbəˈnæ.ki/ /ˌɑbəˈnɑki/ pn
abénaqui abénaquis
(in particular) The Western Abenaki language.

Aberdeen /æbə(ɹ)ˈdiːn/ /ˈæb.ɚˌdin/ /ˌæb.ɚˈdin/ pn
Aberdeen
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Abha pn
Abha
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Abidjan /ˈæb.əˌd͡ʒɑn/ /ˌæb.əˈd͡ʒɑn/ /ˌæb.ɪˈd͡ʒɑn/ pn
Abidjan
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Abidjanian adj
abidjanais
Of or pertaining to Abidjan, the largest city of Côte d'Ivoire.

Abidji pn
abidji
A language of Côte d'Ivoire.

Abigail /ˈæb.ə.ɡeɪl/ Abigails pn
Abigael Abigail Abigaël Abigaïl
The wife of Nabal and later of David in the Old Testament.
Abigaël Abigaëlle Abigaïl
A en given name, used since the 16th century, and currently quite popular.

Abinomn /ˈæbɪˈnɑmn̩/ pn
abinomn

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ Abkhaz n
Abkhaze Abkhazien Abkhazienne
An Abkhazian; a native or inhabitant of Abkhazia, a region just east of the Black Sea. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhaz /æbˈkæz/ /æbˈkɑz/ /ɑbˈkɑz/ pn
abkhaze abkhazien
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Abkhazia. [Mid 19th century.]

Abkhazia /æbˈkeɪ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒi.ə/ /æbˈkeɪ.ʒə/ /æbˈkɑ.zi.ə/ /æbˈkɑ.ʒi.ə/ pn
Abkhazie
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Abner /ˈæb.nɚ/ Abners pn
Abner
A cousin of Saul mentioned in the Old Testament.

Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ more Aboriginal most Aboriginal adj
aborigène indigène
Of or pertaining to Australian Aboriginal peoples, Aborigines, or their language. [First attested in the 19th century.]

Aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ Aboriginals n
aborigène indigène
An Aboriginal inhabitant of Australia. [First attested in the 19th century.]

Aborigine /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ə.ni/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ Aborigines n
Aborigène
(offensive, ethnic slur) An Aboriginal person from Australia (descending from, or a member of, one of the indigenous people(s) before British colonization), Aboriginal Australian.

Abraham /ˈeɪ.bɹæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.hæm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹə.həm/ /ˈeɪ.bɹəˌhæm/ Abrahams pn
Abraham
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Baha'i) A prophet in the Old Testament, Qur'an and Aqdas; a Semitic patriarch son of Terah who practiced monotheism, father of the Jewish patriarch Isaac by Sarah and the Arab patriarch Ishmael by Hagar. [First attested prior to 1150.]
A en given name. [First attested prior to 1150.]
A surname originating as a patronymic. [First attested prior to 1150.]

Abrahamic /eɪ.bɹəˈhæm.ɪk/ more Abrahamic most Abrahamic adj
abrahamique
Pertaining to Abraham, the patriarch. [First attested in the early 19th century.]
(of a, _, religion) Descended from the religious tradition of Abraham.

Abruzzian more Abruzzian most Abruzzian adj
abruzzais
Of or relating to Abruzzo in Italy.

Abruzzian Abruzzians n
Abruzzais Abruzzaise
A native or inhabitant of Abruzzo in Italy.

Abruzzo pn
Abruzzes
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Absalom /ˈæb.sə.ləm/ pn
Absalom Absalon
(biblical character) The third son of David, king of Israel.

Absurdistan pn
Absurdistan
(informal) Any country where absurdity is the norm, especially in its public authorities and government.

Abu Dhabi /ˈɑ.bu ˈdæ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈdɑ.bi/ /ˈɑ.bu ˈðɑ.bi/ pn
Abou Dabi Abou Dhabi
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Abulfeda /ɑ.ˈbul.fɛˌdɑ/ /ˌɑ.bulˈfɛdɑ/ pn
Aboulféda
A geographer and historian (1273–1331).

Abure pn
abouré
A language of Côte d'Ivoire.

Abyssinia /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ə/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jə/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ə/ pn
Abyssinie
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Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ adj
abyssinien
(dated, usually, _, capitalized) Of or pertaining to Ethiopia or its inhabitants; Ethiopian. [First attested in the late 18th century.]

Abyssinian /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.əˈsɪn.jən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.i.ən/ /ˌæb.ɪˈsɪn.ɪ.ən/ Abyssinians n
Abyssinien Abyssinienne
A member of the Abyssinian Church.

Acadia /əˈkeɪ.di.ə/ pn
Acadie
(history) A colonial territory owned by France in the 17th and early 18th centuries, spanning over what are now the Maritime provinces of eastern Canada (Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island) and part of the state of Maine in the USA.

Acadian /əˈkeɪ.di.n̩/ /əˈkeɪ.d͡ʒn̩/ more Acadian most Acadian adj
acadien
Of or pertaining to Acadia, its people, or their language or culture. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

Acadian /əˈkeɪ.di.n̩/ /əˈkeɪ.d͡ʒn̩/ pn
Acadien acadien acadienne
(rare) Ellipsis of Acadian French.: the form of French spoken in Acadia.

Acadian Coast pn
Côte acadienne / Côte Acadienne / côte Acadienne / côte acadienne Péninsule acadienne / Péninsule Acadienne / péninsule acadienne / péninsule Acadienne
The west coast of the Bay of Fundy that was settled by French colonists to the colony of Acadia in New France of French North America; now part of the east coast of the Canadian province of New Brunswick.
Côte acadienne / Côte Acadienne / côte Acadienne / côte acadienne
The east coast of the Bay of Fundy that was settled by French colonists of the colony of eastern peninsular Acadia in New France of French North America; now part of the west coast of the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Acarnania pn
Acarnanie
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Acarnanian /ɔ.kɔɹ.neɪ.niːən/ Acarnanians n
Acarnanien Acarnanienne
A native or inhabitant of Acarnania.

Accra /ə.ˈkɹɑ/ /ˈæk.ɹə/ pn
Accra
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Acehnese pn
aceh achinais acehnais
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken in Aceh, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Achaea pn
Achaïe
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Achaean /əˈkiːən/ adj
achéen
Of or relating to Achaea.

Achaemenes /əˈkɛməniːz/ pn
Achéménès
The founder of the Achaemenid dynasty.

Achaemenid /əˈkiːmənɪd/ /əˈkɛmənɪd/ adj
achéménide
Relating to the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire), founded by Achaemenes.

Achaemenid /əˈkiːmənɪd/ /əˈkɛmənɪd/ Achaemenidae Achaemenides Achaemenids n
Achéménide
A member of the dynasty which ruled the Persian empire c. 550–330 BCE (the Achaemenid Empire).

Achaemenid Empire pn
Empire achéménide
(historical) The empire ruled by the Achaemenid dynasty 550 BCE to 330 BCE

Achelous /ækɪˈloʊ.əs/ pn
Achéloos Achéloüs
(Greek mythology) Deity of water; later, patron deity of the Achelous River.

Acheron /ˈæ.kəɹ.ɔn/ /ˈæ.kəɹ.ən/ pn
Achéron
(Greek mythology) A river in the infernal regions; also, the infernal regions themselves. By some of the English poets, it was supposed to be a flaming lake or gulf.

Acherontic adj
achérontique
Of, pertaining to or resembling Acheron (one of the rivers located in the underworld according to ancient Greek mythology).

Achillean /ˌækɪˈliːən/ more Achillean most Achillean adj
achilléen
Resembling or relating to Achilles, the hero of the Iliad.

Achilles /əˈkɪliːz/ pn
Achille
(Greek mythology) A mythical semidivine hero, the son of Peleus by the nereid Thetis, and prince of the Myrmidons, who features in the Iliad as a central character and the foremost warrior of the Achaean (Greek) camp.

Achilles heel /əˌkɪl.iːz ˈhiːl/ Achilles heels n
talon d'Achille
A vulnerability in an otherwise strong situation.

Achilles tendon Achilles tendons n
tendon d’Achille
(anatomy) The strong tendon formed of the united tendons of the large muscles in the calf of the leg, and inserted into the bone of the heel.

Acre /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ /ˈɑː.kɚ/ pn
Acre
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Acre /ˈɑː.kɹɚ/ pn
Acre
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Acre antshrike Acre antshrikes n
batara d'acre
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus divisorius.

Acropolis /əˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ pn
Acropole
The Athenian Acropolis. (Compare acropolis.)

Actaeon /ækˈteɪɒn/ /ækˈteɪən/ /ækˈtiːɒn/ /ækˈtiːən/ /ˈæktɪən/ pn
Actéon

Acts of the Apostles pn
Actes des Apôtres Acte des Apôtres
(biblical) The fifth book in the New Testament of the Bible.

Adam /ˈæ.dəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] Adams pn
Adam
(Abrahamic religions) The first man and the progenitor of the human race.
A en given name.

Adam and Eve pn
Adam et Ève
The first man and woman, respectively, according to the Book of Genesis.

Adam's Bridge pn
Pont d'Adam
A chain of shoals that connects India and Sri Lanka.

Adam's apple Adam's apples n
pomme d'Adam pomme d’Adam
(anatomy) The lump in the throat, usually more noticeable in men than in women; the laryngeal prominence.

Adamic /əˈdæmɪk/ /ˈædəmɪk/ adj
adamique
Of, relating to, or resembling the Biblical character Adam.

Addis Ababa /ˌædɪs ˈæbəbə/ pn
Addis-Abeba Addis-Ababa
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Addison's disease n
maladie d'Addison
(disease) A disorder in which the adrenal glands fail to produce a sufficient quantity of steroids, causing hypocortisolemia and a resultant brownish discoloration of the skin.

Adela /ə.ˈdɛ.lə/ /ˈæ.də.lə/ pn
Adèle
A en given name.

Adelaide /ˈæ.də.leɪd/ /ˈæ.dɜ.læɪ̯d/ pn
Adélaïde
A en given name
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Adelard pn
Adélard
A male given name of historical usage.

Adelie penguin Adelie penguins n
manchot Adélie
Pygoscelis adeliae, a species of penguin with distinctive white rings surrounding the eyes.

Aden pn
Aden
Seaport and largest city of Yemen, which was the capital of the former South Yemen.

Adiabene pn
Adiabène
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Adiabenian more Adiabenian most Adiabenian adj
adiabénien

Adiabenian Adiabenians n
Adiabénien Adiabénienne

Adige /ˈadɪdʒeɪ/ pn
Adige
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Adjara /əˈd͡ʒɑːɹə/ pn
Adjarie
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Adlerism n
adlérisme
The psychology and psychotherapy theories of Alfred Adler.

Admiralty Islands pn
îles de l'Amirauté
A group of islands in the Bismarck Archipelago, to the north of New Guinea in the south Pacific Ocean, belonging to Papua New Guinea.

Adolph /-dɑlf/ /ˈeɪ.dɔlf/ /ˈæ.dɒlf/ /ˈæ.dɔlf/ Adolphs pn
Adolphe
A en given name.

Adonis /əˈdoʊ.nɪs/ /əˈdɑn.ɪs/ /əˈdɒn.ɪs/ pn
Adonis
(Greek mythology) A beautiful young man loved by Aphrodite.
(rare) A en given name

Adrian /ˈeɪ.dɹiː.ən/ pn
Adrien
A en given name.
(rare) A en given name (compare Adriana, Adrianna, Adrienne).

Adriana pn
Adrienne
A en given name, a feminine form of Adrian.

Adrianople /ˌeɪdɹɪəˈnəʊp(ə)l/ pn
Andrinople
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Adrianopolitan adj
andrinopolitain
(historical) Of or pertaining to Adrianople (modern-day Edirne).

Adrianopolitan Adrianopolitans n
Andrinopolitain Andrinopolitaine
(historical) A native or inhabitant of Adrianople (modern-day Edirne).

Adriatic /ˌeɪ.dɹiˈæt.ɪk/ adj
adriatique
Of or pertaining to the Adriatic Sea

Adriatic Sea /eɪ.dɹiˈæt.ɪk/ pn
mer Adriatique
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Advent pn
Avent avent
(Christianity) The period or season of the Christian church year between Advent Sunday and Christmas.

Advent calendar Advent calendars n
calendrier de l'Avent calendrier de l’Avent
A calendar used to count down the days of Advent, having windows revealing a hidden picture or gift on each day.

Advent wreath Advent wreaths n
couronne de l’Avent
(Christianity) A usually evergreen wreath adorned with four (or sometimes five) candles, the first of which is lit on Advent Sunday, followed by the lighting of an additional candle on each subsequent Sunday.

Adventist Adventists n
adventiste
One who believes in the Second Advent (usually known as the Second Coming) of Jesus; an advocate of Adventism.

Adygea /ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ.ə/ pn
Adyguée
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Adyghe /ɑːdɪˈɡeɪ/ /ˈɑː.dɪ.ɡeɪ/ pn
adyguéen
A Northwest Caucasian language spoken in the Republic of Adygea, in the Russian Federation.

Adélie Land pn
terre Adélie
One of the five French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a subdivision of the Antarctic.

Aeaea /iːˈ(j)iː.ə/ pn
Ééa
(Greek mythology) The mythical island said to be the home of Circe.

Aegadian Islands /ɪˈɡeɪdiən ˈaɪləndz/ pn
les îles Égades les îles Égates
A group of islands located off the western coast of Sicily.

Aegean /iˈd͡ʒi.ən/ adj
égéen
Of or relating to the Aegean Sea or the regions bordering it.

Aegean Islands pn
îles Égéennes îles Égées

Aegean Sea /əˈdʒi.ən ˈsi/ pn
mer Égée
A sea in the northeastern part of the Mediterranean.

Aegeus pn
Égée
(Greek mythology) A character in the founding myth of Athens.

Aegidius pn
Égide
A en given name.

Aegina /iˈd͡ʒaɪnə/ pn
Égine
(Greek god) A nymph of the island that bears her name.

Aeginetan Aeginetans n
éginète
An inhabitant of Aegina.

Aegle pn
Églé
(Greek god) The goddess/personification of good health and the glow of health, one of the daughters of Asclepius.

Aeneas /ɪˈniː.əs/ pn
Énée
(Greek mythology) A Trojan hero and the legendary ancestor of Romans.

Aeneid /əˈniː.ɪd/ /ˈiː.ni.ɪd/ Aeneids pn
Énéide
A classic epic poem, written in Latin by Virgil in the 1st century BCE (between 29 and 19 BCE), that tells the legendary story of Aeneas fleeing Troy and settling in Italy as ancestor of the Romans.

Aeolus /iˈoʊləs/ pn
Éole
(Greek god) The name of a number of characters in Greek mythology, including the founder of the Aeolian race, and a god with power over wind.

Aeronian pn
Aéronien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Aeschin. pn
Eschn.
abbreviation of (the equivalent of) Aeschines

Aeschylus /ˈɛ.skə.ləs/ /ˈɛs.kə.ləs/ pn
Eschyle
A Greek dramatic poet (525 BCE—456 BCE); Aeschylus was the earliest of the three greatest Greek tragedians.

Aesculapian more Aesculapian most Aesculapian adj
esculapien
(literally) Of or relating to Aesculapius, the Greco-Roman god of medicine.

Aesculapian snake Aesculapian snakes n
couleuvre d'Esculape
A European species of nonvenomous snake, Zamenis longissimus, syn. Coluber longissimus, associated with Aesculapius in Ancient Greek mythology.

Aesop /ˈiːsɒp/ pn
Ésope
An ancient Greek author, famous for the fables ascribed to him.

Aether pn
Éther
(Greek god) One of the Greek primordial deities who was the personification of light, brother-husband of Hemera and grandson of Chaos.

Aetius pn
Aetius Aétius
An Ancient Greek and Roman en given name.

Aetolia /iːˈtəʊ.liː.ə/ pn
Étolie
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Afade pn
afade
A Chadic language of Nigeria.

Afar /ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ Afar Afars n
Afar
A member of the people who speak this language and reside in these regions.

Afar /ˈɑːfɑː(ɹ)/ pn
afar Afar
A Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Eritrea and Djibouti.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ adj
afghan
Of, from, or pertaining to Afghanistan.

Afghan /ˈæf(ˌ)ɡɑːn/ /ˈæfɡən/ /ˈæfˌɡæn/ Afghans n
Afghan Afghane
A person from Afghanistan.

Afghan Hound /ˌæfɡæn ˈhau̯nd/ Afghan Hounds n
lévrier afghan
A sighthound bred in Afghanistan to hunt hare and gazelle.

Afghanistan /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstæn/ /æfˈɡæn.ɪˌstɑːn/ /æfˈɡɑːn.ɪˌstɑːn/ pn
Afghanistan
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Africa /ɛfrɨkə/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ Africas pn
Afrique l’Afrique
The continent that is south of Europe, east of the Atlantic Ocean, west of the Indian Ocean and north of Antarctica.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError containing what is now modern Tunisia and portions of Libya.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ more African most African adj
africain Africain
Of or pertaining to Africa.

African /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kən/ Africans n
Africain Africaine
A native of Africa; also one ethnologically belonging to an African race.

African Union pn
Union africaine
A multinational organisation consisting of 54 African nations.

African crake African crakes n
râle des prés
Crex egregia, a bird from the family Rallidae.

African elephant African elephants n
éléphant d'Afrique
Either of two species of elephant, Loxodonta africana or Loxodonta cyclotis, found in Africa.

African forest elephant African forest elephants n
éléphant de forêt d'Afrique
One of the two species of African elephant, Loxodonta cyclotis.

African hunting dog African hunting dogs n
lycaon
A wild canid, Lycaon pictus, typically black, white and tan, found in Tanzania, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Botswana and South Africa.

African jacana African jacanas n
jacana d'Afrique jacana à poitrine dorée
Actophilornis africanus, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

African locust bean African locust beans n
néré
Any of various species of Parkia, a genus of trees in the legume family Fabaceae, especially Parkia biglobosa.

African mahogany African mahoganies n
caïlcédrat
Genus Khaya of the family Meliaceae

African nutmeg African nutmegs n
ilomba
Another tree from Western tropical Africa, Pycnanthus angolensis (syn. P. kombo) (Myristicaceae)

African penguin African penguins n
manchot du Cap
A species of penguin, Spheniscus demersus, which live on the south-west coast of Africa.

African violet African violets n
saintpaulia
Any perennial plant of section Streptocarpus sect. Saintpaulia (formerly genus Saintpaulia), especially Streptocarpus ionantha, with fine haired round leaves and velvety petals.

African-American [ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən] more African-American most African-American adj
afro-américain afro-américaine
(US, broadly, proscribed, sometimes, offensive, of a person) Any American of black African descent.

African-American [ˈæfɹʷɪkən əˈmɛɹʷɪkən] African-Americans n
Afro-Américain Afro-Américaine
A member of an ethnic group consisting of Americans of black African descent.

Africanism Africanisms n
africanisme
Eurocentric representation of Africans or people of African ancestry.

Africanity n
africanité
The quality or characteristic of being African.

Africanization Africanizations n
africanisation
The act or process of Africanizing.

Africanize v
africaniser
(transitive, American spelling) To make African.

Afrikaans /ˌɑːfɹɪˈkɑːnz/ pn
afrikaans
A Germanic language descending from Dutch; the primary language of the descendants of Dutch and other European settlers, as well as many mixed-race (e.g. Rehoboth Basters) living in South Africa and in Namibia. Also, one of the eleven official languages of South Africa and until 1990 one of three official languages of Namibia.

Afrikaner /ˌæfɹɪˈkɑːnɚ/ Afrikaners n
Afrikaner
A member of an ethnic group of northwestern European ancestry and associated with southern Africa and the Afrikaans language.

Afro- /ˈæfɹoʊ-/ prefix
afro-
African

Afro-Eurasia /ˈæf.ɹoʊ.jʊɹˈeɪ.ʒə/ pn
Afro-Eurasie Eurafrasie
A supercontinent that comprises Africa and Eurasia.

Afrocentric more Afrocentric most Afrocentric adj
afrocentrique
Focusing on black African people.

Afrocentrism n
afrocentrisme
Black African ethnocentrism.

Afrophobia n
afrophobie
Fear, hate, or dislike of Africans and African descendants.

Afsharid adj
afcharide
Relating to the Afsharid dynasty, an Iranian dynasty of Turkic origin, specifically from the Afshar tribe of Khorasan, which ruled Persia in the 18th century.

Afsharid Afsharids n
Afcharide
A member of the Afsharid dynasty.

Agadir /ɑːɡəˈdɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Agadir
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Agamemnon /ˌæɡəˈmɛmnɒn/ /ˌæɡəˈmɛmnən/ pn
Agamemnon
(Greek mythology) One of the most distinguished heroes of Greek mythology. He is the son of King Atreus of Mycenae and Queen Aerope and the brother of Menelaus. He is famous for rallying the Greeks in the Trojan War, yet infamous for the sacrifice of his daughter Iphigenia at the commencement of the war.

Agatha /ˈæɡəθə/ pn
Agathe
A en given name.

Age of Enlightenment pn
siècle des Lumières
(historical period) A period of time ranging from part of the 17th century through much of the 18th century, characterized particularly by the importance of logic and reason.

Agenor /əˈd͡ʒiːnɔː/ /ˈæɡɪnɔː/ pn
Agénor

Agent Orange pn
agent orange
A potent herbicide and defoliant used by US forces in the Vietnam War.

Agesilaus pn
Agésilas
A en given name of certain historical persons.

Aghori n
aghori
A tribe of Hindu ascetics who are or were thought to eat the flesh of corpses.

Agios Theologos pn
Altelot Hagios Théologos
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError near the ruins of ancient Ephesus.

Aglaia pn
Aglaé
A en given name, of mostly historical usage.

Agnes /ˈæɡ.nɪs/ pn
Agnès
A en given name.

Agra pn
Âgrâ
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Agrigento /ˌæɡɹɪˈd͡ʒɛntəʊ/ pn
Agrigente
A province of Sicily, Italy.

Aguascalientes pn
Aguascalientes
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Ahab /ˈeɪˌhæb/ pn
Achab
A king of Israel, mentioned in the Bible.

Ahasuerus /əˈhæz.wə.ɹəs/ pn
Assuérus
A king of Persia, later identified with Xerxes.

Ahmed /ɑː.ˈmɛd/ /ˈɑː.mɛd/ /ˈɑːχ.mɛd/ pn
Ahmed
A en given name.

Ahom /əˈhɒm/ pn
ahom
A Kra-Dai ethnicity in northeastern India.

Aida pn
Aïda
A en given name in quiet use since the 1870s.

Aidi Aidis n
aïdi chien de montagne de l'Atlas
A breed of dog from Morocco used for guarding herds of sheep and goats.

Aigio pn
Aigio
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Ain pn
Ain
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Ainu /ˈaɪnuː/ adj
aïnou aïnu
Of or pertaining to the Ainu ethnic group or their language.

Ainu /ˈaɪnuː/ Ainu n
Aïnou Aïnoue Aïnu Aïnue
A member of an ethnic group on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.

Ainu /ˈaɪnuː/ pn
aïnou aïnu
The endangered language spoken by the Ainu ethnic group, generally considered a language isolate with no known relation to other languages.

Aion pn
Éon
A Hellenistic deity associated with time, the orb or circle encompassing the universe, and the zodiac.

Airbnb /ˌɛərˌbiːɛnˈbiː/ pn
Airbnb
(trademark) An American vacation rental online marketplace company based in San Francisco, California, founded in 2008.

Airbnb /ˌɛərˌbiːɛnˈbiː/ v
airbnbiser
(transitive, neologism) To rent (an apartment) by Airbnb or similar means, whether as a lessor or a lessee.

Aisha /aɪˈiːʃə/ pn
Aïcha
A en given name, most famously borne by Muhammad's third wife. Daughter of first caliph Abu Bakr.

Aisne pn
Aisne
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Ajaccio /aɪət͡ʃoʊ/ /aɪˌætʃəʊ/ /əˈdʒæksɪəʊ/ /əˈd͡ʒæksɪoʊ/ pn
Ajaccio
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Ajax /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒæks/ Ajaxes pn
Ajax
(Greek mythology) Either of two heroes of the Trojan War.

Akan pn
akan
A group of languages spoken in Ghana.

Akhenaten /ˌækəˈnɑːtən/ /ˌɑːkəˈnɑːtən/ pn
Akhénaton
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the 14th century BCE pharaoh Akhenaten, father of Tutankhamon and founder of Atenism

Akhet pn
Akhet

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ adj
akkadien accadien
Of or pertaining to the Akkadian language of ancient Mesopotamia.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ Akkadians n
Akkadien Akkadienne
A Semitic inhabitant of the region of Mesopotamia near the city of Akkad.

Akkadian /əˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /əˈkɑ.di.ən/ pn
akkadien accadien
The now extinct Semitic language of ancient Mesopotamia, formerly used as an international language of diplomacy.

Akkadogram Akkadograms n
akkadogramme
(linguistics) An Akkadian word used as a logogram in another language, such as Hittite.

Akrotiri and Dhekelia pn
Akrotiri et Dhékélie
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Aksum pn
Aksoum Axoum

Akureyri pn
Akureyri
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Akwesasne /ˌækwəˈsæsneɪ/ pn
Akwesasne

Al Hoceima pn
Al Hoceïma
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Al Jazeera /æl dʒəˈziːɹə/ pn
Al Jazeera
A group of satellite television channels from Qatar. Two channels broadcast news in English and in Arabic, with other children’s and sport channels in Arabic.

Alabama /ˌæ.lə.ˈbæ.mə/ n
Alabama
An indigenous Muscogee people of central Alabama.

Alabama /ˌæ.lə.ˈbæ.mə/ pn
Alabama
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The University of Alabama.

Alabamian /ˌæləˈbæmi.ən/ more Alabamian most Alabamian adj
alabamien alabamienne
Pertaining to the American state Alabama, or its natives and residents.

Alabamian /ˌæləˈbæmi.ən/ Alabamians n
Alabamien Alabamienne
A native or resident of the state of Alabama in the United States of America.

Aladdin /əˈlædɪn/ pn
Aladin
The young man who is the protagonist and title character of the story

Alagoas /ˌæləˈɡəʊəs/ /ˌɑːlɑːˈɡəʊɑːs/ /ˌɑːləˈɡəʊəs/ pn
Alagoas
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Alamo /ˈæləˌmoʊ/ /ˈæləˌməʊ/ pn
Alamo
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Alan /ˈæl.ən/ Alans pn
Alain
A en given name.

Alanic /əˈleɪnɪk/ /əˈlɑnɪk/ /əˈlɑːnɪk/ more Alanic most Alanic adj
alain
of or pertaining to Alans—an Iranian nomadic pastoral people of antiquity and middle ages—or their language

Alanic /əˈleɪnɪk/ /əˈlɑnɪk/ /əˈlɑːnɪk/ pn
alain
the Iranian language of the Alans, from which modern Ossetian may be descended

Alaric Alarics pn
Alaric
A historic king of the Visigoths.

Alaska /əˈlæs.kə/ pn
Alaska
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Alaska pollock Alaska pollock Alaska pollocks n
colin d'Alaska
A semipelagic schooling fish, Gadus chalcogrammus (syn. Theragra chalcogramma), widely distributed in the North Pacific with largest concentrations found in the eastern Bering Sea.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ more Alaskan most Alaskan adj
alaskien
Of or pertaining to Alaska, its people, or their culture.

Alaskan /əˈlæskən/ Alaskans n
Alaskien
A native or resident of the state of Alaska in the United States of America.

Alaskan Malamute Alaskan Malamutes n
malamute de l’Alaska
(zoology) A relatively large breed of sled dog, sometimes mistaken for the Siberian Husky.

Alawite Alawites n
alaouite

Alban pn
Alban
A en given name.

Albania /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɔːlˈbeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Albanie
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Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ adj
albanais Albanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Albania, the Albanian people or the Albanian language.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ Albanians n
Albanais Albanaise albanais
(countable) A person from Albania or of Albanian descent.

Albanian /ælˈbeɪ.ni.ən/ pn
albanais
The languages spoken by the Albanian people, primarily spoken in Albania and Kosovo. (ISO 639 language codes: sq/sqi/alb (Albanian), als (Tosk), aln (Gheg), aat (Arvanitika), aae (Arbëresh).)

Albanophobia n
albanophobie

Albany /ˈɒl.bə.ni/ /ˈɒlb.ni/ /ˈɔːl.bə.ni/ /ˈɔːlb.ni/ pn
Albany
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A Hudson's Bay Company trading post in Ontario and the community that remains at its site.

Albert /ˈæl.bɚt/ Alberts pn
Albert
A en given name.

Alberta /ˌælˈbɜː(ɹ).tə/ pn
Alberta
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California.
A en given name, a feminine form of Albert.

Albertan Albertans n
Albertain Albertaine
native or resident of Alberta

Albi pn
Albi
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Albin pn
Albin
A en given name.

Albion /ˈælbi.ən/ /ˈælbɪən/ pn
Albion
(now, poetic) England (or sometimes the British Isles).

Albireo pn
Albireo
(star) A binary star in the constellation Cygnus; Beta (β) Cygni.

Alborz pn
Elbourz
A mountain range in northern Iran stretching from the borders of Azerbaijan and Armenia in the northwest to the southern end of the Caspian Sea, and ending in the east at the borders of Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.

Albuquerque /ˈæl.bə.kəː.ki/ /ˈæl.bə.kɚ.ki/ Albuquerques pn
Albuquerque
A surname from Spanish
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Alcaic /ælˈkeɪ.ɪk/ more Alcaic most Alcaic adj
alcaïque
Pertaining to Alcaeus, a Greek lyric poet of around 600 BC; especially, of a verse meter in a four-line stanza which he supposedly invented.

Alcalá de Henares /ˌalkaˈlɑː deɪ ɛˈnɑːɹɛs/ /ˌɑlkəˈlɑ deɪ həˈnɑɹeɪs/ pn
Alcalá de Henares
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Alcamo pn
Alcamo
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Alchevsk pn
Altchevsk
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Alcibiades /ˌælsəˈbaɪədiz/ pn
Alcibiade
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Alcibiades (450–404 B.C.), a prominent Athenian statesman, orator, and general.

Alcmene /ælkˈmiːni/ pn
Alcmène
(Greek mythology) Descendant of Perseus and Andromeda, the wife of Amphitryon, and mother, by Zeus, of Heracles/Hercules.

Alcoholics Anonymous pn
Alcooliques Anonymes
A self-supporting organization of alcoholic people, which proves mutual support to obtain and maintain sobriety.

Aldebaran /alˈdɛbəɹən/ pn
Aldébaran
(star) One of the brightest stars in the sky, now recognised to be a binary star in the constellation Taurus (alpha (α) Tauri); an orange giant, 68 light years from Earth. [from 14th c.]

Alderney /ˈɔːldə(ɹ)ni/ pn
Aurigny
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Alec /ˈælɪk/ pn
Alec

Alecto pn
Alecto
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Furies.

Alemannic /ˌæləˈmænɪk/ /ˌælɪˈmænɪk/ more Alemannic most Alemannic adj
alémanique
Of or relating to the Alemannic language or dialect group.

Alemannic /ˌæləˈmænɪk/ /ˌælɪˈmænɪk/ pn
alémanique
A language or dialect group, belonging to the High German dialects, spoken in certain parts of South Germany, in Alsace (France), Vorarlberg (Austria), Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

Aleppine adj
alépin
Of or pertaining to Aleppo

Aleppine Aleppines n
Alépin Alépine
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Aleppo.

Aleppo /əˈlɛpoʊ/ /əˈlɛpəʊ/ pn
Alep
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Aleppo pine Aleppo pines n
pin blanc pin d'Alep
A pine tree (Pinus halepensis), native to the Mediterranean basin.

Alesi Alesis pn
Alesi

Alessandria pn
Alexandrie

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ adj
aléoute
Of the Aleutian Islands, their inhabitants or their language.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ Aleuts n
Aléoute
A member of the indigenous people of the Aleutian Islands of Alaska in the United States and of Kamchatka Krai in the Russia.

Aleut /əˈluːt/ /ˈæ.liːˌuːt/ /ˌæ.liːˈuːt/ pn
aléoute
The language of the Aleutian Islands, related to Eskimo (Inupiaq and Yupik).

Aleutian /əˈluːʃən/ adj
aléoutien
Of, from, or pertaining to the Aleutian Islands (a group of islands in the northern Pacific Ocean, west of Alaska), or to its inhabitants, their culture, or their language.

Aleutian /əˈluːʃən/ Aleutians n
Aléoutien
A native or inhabitant of the Aleutian Islands.

Aleutian Islands /ˌæliːˈuːʃən ˈɑɪlændz/ pn
îles Aléoutiennes
An archipelago of more than 300 small volcanic islands forming an island arc in the Northern Pacific Ocean, between Alaska and the Kamchatka Peninsula of Asia; part of the United States.

Alevism n
alévisme
The doctrines of the Alevi Muslim denomination.

Alexander /ˌa.lɪɡˈzɑːn.də/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzæn.dɚ/ [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.də] [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.dɚ] Alexanders pn
Alexandre
A en given name, most famously held by Alexander the Great.

Alexander the Great pn
Alexandre le Grand
(356–323 BCE) A king (basileus) of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and conqueror of much of Asia.

Alexandra /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzæn.dɹə/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzɑn.dɹə/ /ˌæ.lɪɡˈzɑːn.dɹə/ [ˌæ.lɪɡˈzeən.dɹə] Alexandras pn
Alexandra
A en given name.

Alexandria /æləkˈzændɹi.ə/ /æləɡˈzændɹi.ə/ pn
Alexandrie
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A en given name.

Alexandrian /æ.lɛksˈzæn.dɹi.ən/ /æl.ɛɡˈzæn.dɹiː.ən/ Alexandrians n
Alexandrin Alexandrine
A native or inhabitant of Alexandria.

Alexandrina pn
Alexandrine
A en given name.

Alexandroupoli pn
Alexandroúpoli Alexandroúpolis
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the capital of the Evros Prefecture in Thrace.

Alexia pn
Alexie Alexia
A en given name.

Alexiares pn
Alexiarès
(Greek god) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, guardian, along with his twin Anicetus and his father, of the gates of Mount Olympus.

Alexius pn
Alexis
A en given name.

Alfonso /ælˈfɑnzoʊ/ pn
Alphonse
A en given name.

Alfred /ˈælfɚd/ /ˈælfɹəd/ pn
Alfred
A en given name.

Alfvén wave Alfvén waves n
onde d’Alfvén
(physics) A hydromagnetic shear wave in a charged plasma.

Algeria /ælˈdʒɪəɹi.ə/ /ælˈdʒɪɹi.ə/ pn
Algérie
(historical) French or Colonial Algeria, from 1830 to 1962
(historical) Ottoman Algeria, also the regency of Algiers or al-Jazā’ir in Arabic, from 1515 to 1830
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The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, since 1962

Algerian /ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/ more Algerian most Algerian adj
algérien algérienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Algeria or the Algerian people.

Algerian /ælˈd͡ʒɪɹi.ən/ Algerians n
Algérien Algérienne
A person from Algeria or of Algerian descent.

Algerian Arabic pn
arabe algérien

Algerian War pn
guerre d'Algérie
The war between France and the Algerian nationalist FLN from 1954 to 1962, as a result of which Algeria gained its independence from France.

Algherese pn
alguérois
The dialect of the Catalan language spoken in the Italian city of Alghero, in Sardinia.

Alghero /alˈɡɛəɹəʊ/ /ɑlˈɡɛɹoʊ/ pn
Alghero
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Algic pn
algique
An indigenous language family of North America, comprising Wiyot, Yurok, and many Algonquian languages.

Algiers /ælˈdʒɪə(ɹ)z/ /ælˈd͡ʒiɹz/ pn
Alger
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Algonquian /ælˈɡɑːŋk(w)i.ən/ /ælˈɡɒŋk(w)i.ən/ adj
algonquien
Relating to a group of North American languages.

Ali /ˈɑːli/ Alis pn
Ali
A surname from Arabic.

Ali Baba Ali Babas n
Ali Baba
(mostly, attributive) A large container, such as a jar or a basket, with a flat base and usually a rounded body that tapers to a narrower neck.

Aliassime pn
Aliassime

Alicante /ˌælɪˈkænt/ /ˌælɪˈkænti/ /ˌɑləˈkɑnteɪ/ pn
Alicante
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a kind of wine grown from the Alicante province.

Alice /ˈæl.ɪs/ pn
Alice
A en given name popular in England since the Middle Ages.

Alice in Wonderland syndrome n
syndrome d’Alice au pays des merveilles
(medicine, neurology) A disorienting neurological condition involving micropsia, macropsia, or size distortion of other sensory modalities.

Alid adj
alide

Alid Alids n
Alide

All Saints' Day pn
Toussaint
(Christianity) In Christian tradition, the annual feast day celebrating the life of all saints, taking place on the first day of November, or (in the Greek church) on the first Sunday after Pentecost.

All Souls' Day pn
Commémoration des fidèles défunts
(Christianity) An annual feast day celebrating the faithful departed on the second day of November, immediately following All Saints' Day.

Allah /əˈlɑː/ /ˈæ.lə/ /ˈɑːlɑː/ /ˈɑːlə/ /ˌɑːˈlɑː/ Allahs pn
Allah
God, in Islamic or Arabic contexts

Allahabad /ˌæləhəˈbæd/ /ˌæləhəˈbɑːd/ pn
Allahabad
city in India

Allahu akbar /əˌlɑːhuː ˈakbɑː/ /ˌaləhuː ˈakbɑː/ interjection
Allah akbar Allahou akbar Allahu akbar
(Islam) "God is most great"; the Muslim takbir, or liturgical proclamation, used to accept sovereignty of God and as a common form of thanksgiving. [from 17th c.]

Allemanist Allemanists n
allemaniste
A follower of the French socialist Jean Allemane

Allen key /ˈælən kiː/ Allen keys n
clé Allen clef Allen
(UK) A hex head wrench.

Allied /ˈælaɪd/ adj
interallié

Allier pn
Allier
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Allies /ˈælaɪz/ pn
Alliés
The countries allied against the Axis Powers during World War II. The major signatories included the United Kingdom, Soviet Union, United States, and China.
The countries allied against the Central Powers during World War I, including especially the United Kingdom, the Russian Empire, and France.

Almería /ˌælməˈɹi.ə/ /ˌɑːlməˈɹi.ə/ pn
Almería Almérie
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Almighty /ɔːlˈmaɪti/ pn
Tout-Puissant
God, the supreme being.

Almodóvarian more Almodóvarian most Almodóvarian adj
almodovarien
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Pedro Almodóvar (born 1949), Spanish filmmaker, director, screenwriter, producer, and actor.

Almohad adj
almohade

Almoravid Almoravids n
Almoravide

Aloysius /æl.əʊˈɪs.ɪəs/ /æl.əʊˈɪʃ.əs/ pn
Aloïs
A en given name, notably of a 16th-century Italian saint.

Alpes-Maritimes pn
Alpes-Maritimes
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Alpes-de-Haute-Provence pn
Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
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Alpha Centauri pn
Alpha Centauri Alpha du Centaure
(star) The brightest star in the southern constellation of Centaurus. It is actually a binary star with Proxima Centauri as a third component.

Alpine /ˈæl.paɪn/ /ˈæl.pɪn/ more Alpine most Alpine adj
alpin
Relating to the Alps, a mountain range in Western and Central Europe.

Alps /ælps/ pn
Alpes
(usually, with "the") TemplateParserError:LuaError, running from France to Slovenia, the highest peak of which is Mont Blanc, at 4808 metres.

Alsace /ælˈseɪs/ /ælˈsæs/ /ˈæl.seɪs/ /ˈæl.sæs/ pn
Alsace
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Alsace-Lorraine pn
Alsace-Lorraine
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Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ adj
alsacien
Of or relating to Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ Alsatians n
Alsacien Alsacienne
A native or inhabitant of Alsace.

Alsatian /ælˈseɪʃən/ pn
alsacien
The Germanic lect (language or dialect) spoken in Alsace.

Altai pn
Altaï
(with the) TemplateParserError:LuaError, where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan converge.
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Altaic /ælˈteɪ.ɪk/ adj
altaïque
Of or pertaining to a grouping of languages (formerly proposed to be a language family, now generally considered a sprachbund by linguists) that includes the Turkic languages (e.g. Turkish), the Mongolic (e.g. Mongolian) and Tungusic (e.g. Xibe) languages, and less often the Japonic and Koreanic languages.

Altair /ˈæltaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔːltaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔːltɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌɑltaɪˈɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Altaïr
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Aquila; Alpha (α) Aquilae. It is the twelfth brightest star in the sky, and forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.

Alupka pn
Aloupka
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Alutiiq pn
alutiiq
(linguistics) A language of the Eskimo-Aleut family.

Alvin /ˈælvɪn/ pn
Alvin
A en given name.

Alzette pn
Alzette
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows for 73 km (45 mi) through France and Luxembourg; it empties into the Sauer near Ettelbruck.

Alzheimer's disease /ˈæl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɑːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːl(t)shaɪmə(ɹ)z/ /ˈɔːlzhaɪmə(ɹ)z/ n
maladie d'Alzheimer maladie d’Alzheimer
(neurology, disease) A disorder involving loss of mental functions resulting from brain tissue changes; senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type.

Amadeus /ˌæməˈdeɪəs/ pn
Amédée
A en given name.

Amal pn
amal
A language of Papua New Guinea.

Amalthea pn
Amalthée
(Greek mythology) The most frequently mentioned foster mother of Zeus, sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a mountain cave, sometimes as a goat-tending nymph.

Amanda /əˈmændə/ [əˈmɛəndə] pn
Amanda Amande
A en given name.

Amapá /ˈɑː.mə.pɑː/ /ˌɑː.məˈpɑː/ pn
Amapá
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Amaterasu /ɑːmətɛɹˈɑːsuː/ pn
Amaterasu
(Japanese god, Shinto) The Japanese sun goddess, and most important Shinto deity; she is the daughter of Izanagi and Izanami and the sister of Susanoo, Tsukuyomi, Ōyamatsumi, and Kagutsuchi.

Amazighity n
amazighité

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ Amazons n
amazone
(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical race of female warriors inhabiting the Black Sea area.

Amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.ə.zən/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ /ˈɛm.ə.zɔn/ pn
Amazone amazonien
(sometimes, attributive) A region including much of this river; specifically, the region of the Amazon Rainforest, or of the Amazon River Basin.

Amazon Rainforest pn
Amazonie forêt amazonienne

Amazonas pn
Amazonas
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Amazonia /ˌæm.əˈzəʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Amazonie forêt amazonienne
The region of the Amazon rainforest.

Amazonian /æməˈzoʊni.ən/ /æməˈzoʊnjən/ more Amazonian most Amazonian adj
amazonien
Of or relating to the Amazons; aggressive and warlike.

Amazonian antshrike Amazonian antshrikes n
batara d'Amazonie
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus amazonicus.

Amazonification n
Amazonification

Amazonomachy /ˌæməzəˈnɒməki/ Amazonomachies n
amazonomachie
A battle with Amazons, especially their defeat by men; an artistic representation of such a scene.

Ambazonia /ˌæmbəˈzəʊniə/ pn
Ambazonie
An internationally unrecognized Anglophone state which is claimed by Cameroon.

Amber /ˈæm.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ pn
Ambre
A en given name, popular in the 1980s and the 1990s.

Ambrose /ˈæmbɹoʊz/ /ˈæmbɹəʊz/ pn
Ambroise
A en given name.

Amelia /əˈmiːli.ə/ /əˈmiːljə/ pn
Amélie
A en given name

American /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /əˈmɝ.ə.kən/ more American most American adj
américain états-unien
Of, from, or pertaining to the United States of America, its people, or its culture.
américain
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian and Native American, of, from, or pertaining to the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas.

American /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən/ /əˈmɝ.ə.kən/ Americans n
Américain américain
(archaic) Synonym of American Indian or Native American, an indigenous inhabitant of the Americas. [from 16th c.]
Américain États-Unien
A citizen or inhabitant of the United States of America.

American Bulldog American Bulldogs n
bouledogue américain
A medium-sized breed of domestic dog.

American Civil War pn
guerre civile américaine guerre de Sécession
A war fought in the United States between 1861 and 1865, between the Northern states (Union) and Southern states (Confederacy).

American Dream n
rêve américain
(idiomatic) A philosophy that with perseverance, courage and determination, anyone can prosper and achieve success.

American English pn
anglais américain
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in the United States, contrasted with British English or Canadian English and that of other places.
The form of the English language that is chiefly used in North America, contrasted with Commonwealth English (British English and that of other places).

American League pn
Ligue américaine

American Samoa /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈmoʊ.ə/ /əˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kən səˈməʊ.ə/ pn
Samoa américaines
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American Sign Language pn
langue des signes américaine
A sign language used primarily in the United States of America and Canada.

American Standard Code for Information Interchange pn
Code américain normalisé pour l'échange d'information
(computing) A 7-bit character set and character encoding. Based on the Roman alphabet as used in modern English, the code is employed almost universally on computing machinery, and has been integrated into the newer Unicode standard.

American badger American badgers n
blaireau d’Amérique
Taxidea taxus, a species of badger native to North America.

American basswood American basswoods n
tilleul d'Amérique
A type of linden, native to eastern North America, Tilia americana.

American bison /əˈmɛɹɪkən ˈbaɪ̯sən/ American bison American bisons n
bison d'Amérique
A bovine mammal, a species of bison, Bison bison.

American bittern American bitterns n
butor d'Amérique
A medium-sized bittern most commonly found in North America, Botaurus lentiginosus, known for its resounding calls.

American black bear American black bears n
baribal ours noir
A bear of the species Ursus americanus, native to cooler climates in North America.

American black duck American black ducks n
Canard noir
Anas rubripes, a large dabbling duck in the family Anatidae.

American cliff swallow American cliff swallows n
hirondelle à front blanc
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, a member of the passerine bird family Hirundinidae.

American football n
football américain football
A game similar to rugby football played on a field of 100 yards long and 53 1/3 yards wide (with two 10 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 11 players attempt to get an ovoid ball into each other's territory.

American foulbrood n
loque américaine
A highly contagious and destructive disease of bees caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae.

American golden plover American golden plovers n
pluvier bronzé
A medium-sized, migratory plover of the Americas, Pluvialis dominica.

American kestrel American kestrels n
crécerelle d'Amérique
Any of a species of small falcon, Falco sparverius; a kestrel.

American mink American mink American minks n
vison d'Amérique
(uncountable) A species of small mustelid, Mustela vison, that lives near water.

American planetree American planetrees n
platane d'Amérique
A species of large tree native to eastern North America and planted elsewhere, Platanus occidentalis

American robin American robins n
merle d'Amérique
A New World passerine bird; Turdus migratorius.

American sweetgum American sweetgums n
copalme d'Amérique
A deciduous tree native to warm temperate areas of eastern North America, Liquidambar styraciflua.

American tree sparrow American tree sparrows n
Bruant hudsonien
Spizelloides arborea, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

American wigeon American wigeons n
canard d'Amérique
A species of duck, Anas americana.

American winterberry n
houx verticillé
Ilex verticillata, a species of holly native to eastern North America in the United States and southeast Canada, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Alabama.

American woodcock American woodcocks n
bécasse d'Amérique
A North American shorebird, Scolopax minor

Americanisation Americanisations n
américanisation
(British spelling) The process of Americanising.

Americanism Americanisms n
américanisme
A custom peculiar to the United States or the Americans.
A word, phrase or linguistic feature originating from or specific to American English usage.
A preference for the United States and the ideas it represents.

Americanize v
américaniser
(US, Canada) To render American; to adapt to the custom, culture, or style of the United States of America.

Americas /əˈmɛɹəkəz/ pn
Amérique Amériques
North America and South America taken together; that is, North America, Central America, and South America taken together.

Amhara Amharas n
Amhara
A member of a Semitic people of Ethiopia

Amhara pn
Amhara
Ellipsis of Amhara language; synonym of Amharic; a Semitic language spoken by the Amharas, and a lingua franca used by Ethiopia

Amharic /æmˈhæɹɪk/ pn
amharique
A Semitic language spoken in Ethiopia.

Amiens pn
Amiens
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Amish /ˈeɪ.mɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mɪʃ/ /ˈɑː.mɪʃ/ n
Amish
A strict Anabaptist sect living mainly in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana.

Amman /ɑːˈmɑːn/ /əˈmɑːn/ pn
Amman
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Amory pn
Amaury
A en given name, today often transferred back from the surname.

Amos /ˈeɪ.məs/ pn
Amos
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Amperian adj
ampérien

Amphitrite /ˌæm.fɪˈtɹaɪ.ti/ pn
Amphitrite
(Greek god) A nymph, the wife of Poseidon.

Amphitryon Amphitryons n
amphitryon amphitryonne

Amritsar pn
Amritsar
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Amstelveen /ˈæmstəlˌvɛn/ pn
Amstelveen
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Amsterdam /ˈæmstəɹˌdæm/ /ˌæmstəˈdæm/ pn
Amsterdam
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Amsterdammer Amsterdammers n
Amstellodamoise Amstellodamois
A person from, or residing in, Amsterdam.

Amun /ˈɑːmuːn/ /ˈɑːmən/ pn
Amon
(Egyptian god) An Egyptian wind deity associated with the town of Thebes; later (post-16th century BCE) the creator deity, often depicted with curling ram horns.

Amur pn
Amour
TemplateParserError:LuaError, emptying into the Pacific Ocean through the Strait of Tartary, where the mouth of the river faces the northern end of the island of Sakhalin.

Amur falcon Amur falcons n
faucon de l'Amour
Falco amurensis, a small raptor of the falcon family.

Amuric adj
amourique amouriques

Anabaptism /ænəˈbæptɪzm/ Anabaptisms n
anabaptisme
The doctrine espoused by Anabaptists.

Anabaptist Anabaptists n
anabaptiste
A member of a radical wing of Christians during the Protestant Reformation, with a tenet of adult baptism.

Anah pn
Anah

Anahita pn
Anahita
(Iranian mythology) the name of an Iranian goddess, associated with fertility, healing and wisdom.

Anal /ə.nʌl/ pn
Anal
The Northern Kukish (Sino-Tibetan) language spoken by these people, sometimes called Namfau after the two largest villages it is spoken in.

Analects pn
Analectes Entretiens de Confucius
The collected sayings of Confucius

Ananke /əˈnæŋki/ pn
Ananké
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, personification of destiny, necessity and fate, depicted as holding a spindle.

Anansi pn
Anansi
A trickster spider (though sometimes taking human form), one of the primary characters in West African and Caribbean folklore.

Anasazi Anasazi Anasazis n
Anasazi
(dated) Synonym of Ancestral Puebloan

Anastasia /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʃi.ə/ /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʃə/ /æn.ə.ˈsteɪ.ʒə/ /æn.ə.ˈstɑ.si.ə/ /æn.əˈsteɪ.ʒi.ə/ /ɑ.nə.ˈstɑ.si.ə/ /ɑ.nə.ˈstɑ.ʃə/ pn
Anastasia Anastasie
A en given name.

Anastasius pn
Anastase
A en given name of mostly historical use.

Anatoli /æ.nə.ˈtoʊ.li/ /æ.nə.ˈtɑ.li/ /ˌæ.nə.ˈtɒ.li/ /ˌæ.nə.ˈtəʊ.li/ pn
Anatole Anatoli
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Анато́лий (Anatólij).

Anatolia /ˌænəˈtəʊli.ə/ Anatolias pn
Anatolie
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Anatolian /anəˈtəʊlɪən/ /ænəˈtoʊliən/ adj
anatolien
Of or pertaining to Anatolia or its people, culture, etc.

Anatolian /anəˈtəʊlɪən/ /ænəˈtoʊliən/ Anatolians n
anatolien anatolienne
A native or inhabitant of Anatolia.

Anatolian Turkish more Anatolian Turkish most Anatolian Turkish adj
turc anatolien

Anatolius pn
Anatole
A en given name (though its cognates are common given names in Eastern Europe).

Anaxagoras pn
Anaxagore
An ancient Greek philosopher (c. 500 BCE – 428 BCE) from Clazomenae, who is famous for introducing the cosmological concept of nous (mind), as an ordering force.

Anaxarete /əˌnæksəˈrɛti/ pn
Anaxarete Anaxarète

Ancestral Puebloan Ancestral Puebloans n
Anasazi
Any member of a Native American people who once lived in cliff-dwellings in Utah and Colorado.

Anchorage /ˈeɪŋ.kɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈæŋ.kə.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ pn
Anchorage
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Ancien Régime pn
Ancien Régime
(historical) The aristocratic social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, overthrown by the French Revolution of 1789.

Ancient Egypt pn
Égypte antique
(historical) A civilization that existed in the valley of the Nile River from ca. 3150 BCE to 30 BCE. Noted for building the Great Pyramids of Giza.

Ancient Greece pn
Grèce antique
The civilization that flourished around the Mediterranean Sea from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BCE (including the first two European civilizations, Minoan and Mycenaean), known as the cradle of Western civilization.

Ancient Greek pn
grec ancien grec antique
Any of the various forms of the Greek language of classical antiquity, particularly the classical Attic dialect used in Athenian literature.

Ancient Near East pn
Proche-Orient ancien
The period of Near Eastern history from the 4th millennium BC until the Muslim conquests.

Ancient North Arabian adj
nord-arabique nordarabique
related to the Ancient North Arabian script or language(s)

Ancient Rome pn
Rome antique
The civilization associated with Rome from the 9th century BCE to the 5th century C.E. and the Roman Empire centered on it.

Ancient of Days pn
Ancien des jours
(Christianity, Bible) God

Ancona pn
Ancône
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Ancus pn
Ancus
An Italic en given name, notably borne by Ancus Marcius, a legendary king of Rome

Ancyra pn
Ancyre
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Andalusia /ˌændəluːˈsiːə/ /ˌændəˈluːsi.ə/ /ˌændəˈluːzi.ə/ /ˌændəˈluːʃə/ /ˌændəˈluːʒə/ pn
Andalousie
The most populated and second largest of the seventeen autonomous communities that constitute Spain, whose capital is Seville.

Andalusian adj
andalou
From or pertaining to Andalusia.
From or pertaining to Al-Andalus.

Andalusian Andalusians n
Andalou Andaloue
Someone from Andalusia.
PRE Pure race espagnole andalou
A horse of a breed from the Iberian Peninsula, with long, thick mane and tail.
andalou
(uncountable) The dialect (or varieties) of Spanish spoken in Andalusia; Andalusian Spanish.

Andalusian Arabic pn
arabe andalou arabe espagnol
An extinct variety of the Arabic language spoken in Al-Andalus, in the Iberian Peninsula, under Muslim rule.

Andaman /ˈæn.də.mən/ adj
andamanais

Andaman Sea pn
mer d'Andaman
Part of the Indian Ocean, to the southeast of the Bay of Bengal, south of Burma (Myanmar), west of Thailand, north-west of the Malay Peninsula, north of Sumatra, and east of the Andaman Islands.

Andean /ænˈdiː.ən/ /ˈæn.di.ən/ adj
andin
Of or pertaining to the Andes mountains in South America.

Andean flamingo Andean flamingos n
flamant des Andes
A species of flamingo, Phoenicopterus andinus, native to the Andes of Chile

Andean hairy armadillo Andean hairy armadillos n
tatou des Andes
A species of armadillo, Chaetophractus nationi, found in western Bolivia and adjacent areas of South America.

Andes /ˈæn.diːz/ pn
Andes Cordillère des Andes
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Andijan pn
Andijan

Andorra /ænˈdoɹ.ə/ /ænˈdɔː.ɹə/ [ænˈdo̞ɹ.ə] pn
Andorre
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Andorra la Vella /ænˈdɔː.ɹə lə ˈveɪl.jə/ /ˈveɪ.ə/ /ˈvɛl.jə/ pn
Andorre-la-Vieille
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Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ adj
andorran Andorran Andorrane andorrane
Of, from, or pertaining to Andorra, the Andorran people.

Andorran /ænˈdɔːɹən/ Andorrans n
Andorran Andorrane andorran andorrane
A person from Andorra or of Andorran descent.

Andrea /ænˈdɹeɪə/ /ˈændɹi.ə/ pn
Andrée
A en given name.

Andretti Andrettis n
Andretti Mario Andretti
(automotive, motorsports, figurative) Ellipsis of Mario Andretti. (a common noun, not a proper noun) ((A) a street racer; (B) a U.S. racecar pilot outside of the U.S.)

Andretti Andrettis pn
Andretti
A surname from Italian.

Andrew /ˈæn.dɹuː/ [ˈeᵊnˌd̠ɹ̠˔ʷʊ̈u] [ˈænˌd̠ɹ̠ʷ˔ʊ̈u] Andrews pn
André
(countable) A en given name.
The first Apostle in the New Testament.

Andromache /ænˈdɹɒməki/ pn
Andromaque
(Greek mythology) the wife of Hector

Andromeda /ænˈdɹɑmɪdə/ /ænˈdɹɒmɪdə/ pn
Andromède
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia, king and queen of Eritrea, rescued from her sacrifice to the sea monster Cetus by Perseus, who married her; mother of Perses, ancient king of Persia.
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky representing the "chained woman" Andromeda in Greek mythology, which is surrounded by the constellations of Cassiopeia, Perseus, and Pegasus, among others.
(galaxy) The nearest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way, located within the Andromeda constellation (see Andromeda Galaxy); M31.

Andros pn
Andros Ándhros
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Andy /ˈæn.di/ pn
Andy
A diminutive of the en given name Andrew.
A diminutive of the en given name Andrea.

Andøya pn
Andøya
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Angela /ˈænd͡ʒələ/ pn
Angèle
A en given name.

Angeleno /ˌænd͡ʒɪˈliːnəʊ/ Angelenos n
Angelin Angeline
A native or resident of Los Angeles.

Angeles pn
Ángeles
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A surname from Spanish.

Angelica pn
Angélique
A en given name.

Angelina /ˌænd͡ʒəˈliːnə/ Angelinas pn
Angeline Angéline
A en given name, an Italian diminutive of Angela.

Angelo /ˈæn.d͡ʒə.loʊ/ /ˈæn.hə.loʊ/ Angelos pn
Ange
A en given name.

Angevin Angevins n
Angevin
A native or resident of Anjou

Angkor Wat /ˈɑŋ.kɔɹ ˈwɑt/ pn
Angkor Vat
A complex of temples in Cambodia.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ more Anglican most Anglican adj
anglican
Relating to the Church of England, or one of several related churches, such as those in the Anglican Communion.

Anglican /ˈæŋ.ɡlɪ.kən/ Anglicans n
anglican anglicane
a member of an Anglican church

Anglican Communion pn
Communion anglicane
A worldwide network of Churches that are are in communion with the Church of England as represented by the Archbishop of Canterbury

Anglicanism Anglicanisms n
anglicanisme
The beliefs and practices of the Anglican Church.

Anglo- /ˈæŋ.ɡləʊ/ prefix
anglo-
A combining form relating to the English or British people, culture, or livestock.

Anglo-American adj
anglo-américain
Of, belonging to, or involving both England (or Britain), and the United States or Canada.

Anglo-Arabian Anglo-Arabians n
anglo-arabe

Anglo-Catholic Anglo-Catholics n
anglo-catholique
A member of the Anglican Church whose practices emphasise continuity with Catholic tradition.

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan /ˌæŋɡləʊ ɪˌdʒɪpʃən suːˈdɑːn/ pn
Soudan anglo-égyptien
Sudan, during the time when it was ruled jointly by Egypt and the United Kingdom, from 1899 until Sudan became independent in 1956.

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ more Anglo-Saxon most Anglo-Saxon adj
anglo-saxon
Related to the Anglo-Saxon peoples or language.

Anglo-Saxon /ˌæŋ.ɡloʊˈsæk.sən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈsæk.sən/ Anglo-Saxons n
Anglo-Saxon Anglo-Saxonne Anglosaxon Anglosaxonne
A member of the Germanic peoples who settled in England during the early fifth century.

Anglocentric more Anglocentric most Anglocentric adj
anglocentriste
Focused on England or the people and culture of England.

Anglocentrism n
anglocentrisme
The practice of viewing the world from an English or Anglo-American perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of English or Anglo-American culture.

Anglophile Anglophiles n
anglophile
A person who loves or admires the country, culture or people of England. [from the 19th c.]

Anglophilia /ˌæŋ.ɡləʊˈfɪ.li.ə/ n
anglophilie
The love of the country, culture or people of England.

Anglophobe /ˈaŋ.ɡlə(ʊ).fəʊb/ Anglophobes n
anglophobe
A person who dislikes or fears England, its people or anything English.

Anglophobia n
anglophobie
The hatred or fear of England and anything English (or British).

Anglophone /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/ adj
anglophone
English-speaking

Anglophone /ˈæŋɡləˌfəʊn/ Anglophones n
anglophone
One who speaks English.

Anglosphere /ˈæŋ.ɡləˌsfɪɹ/ pn
anglophonie
The totality of Anglophone countries, the geographical or cultural realm of native English-speakers.

Angola /æŋˈɡoʊlə/ /æŋˈɡəʊlə/ Angolas n
Angola
Synonym of angora (cat).

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ adj
angolais angolaise
Of, from, or pertaining to Angola or the Angolan people.

Angolan /æŋˈɡoʊlən/ Angolans n
Angolais Angolaise
A person from Angola or of Angolan descent.

Angoulême pn
Angoulême
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Angoumois pn
Angoumois
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Angoumois moth Angoumois moths n
papillon de l'Angoumois
Sitotroga cerealella, a small moth destructive of grain.

Angria pn
Angrie
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Anguilla /æŋˈɡwɪ.lə/ pn
Anguilla
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Anguillan /æŋˈɡwɪlən/ Anguillans n
Anguillan Anguillane
A person from Anguilla or of Anguillan descent.

Anicetus pn
Anicet Anicétos
(Greek god) One of the twin sons of Heracles and Hebe, his twin brother is Alexiares. Along with their father, Anicetus and Alexiares are the guardians and gatekeepers of the gates of Mount Olympus.

Anishinaabe /ˌɑːnɪʃɪˈnɑːbeɪ/ Anishinaabe Anishinaabeg Anishinaabek Anishinaabes n
anichinabé anichinabée anichinabées anichinabés
An Ojibwe.

Anjou /ˈɒnʒuː/ pn
Anjou
(historical) A former county, duchy and province in the northwest of modern-day France.

Ankara /ˈæŋ.kə.ɹə/ pn
Ankara
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Ankou pn
Ankou
(Celtic mythology) The personification of death in Celtic mythology.

Ann /eən/ /æn/ pn
Anne
A en given name.

Anna /ˈænə/ [ˈeənə] Annas pn
Anne
A prophetess in the New Testament.

Annabel /ˈænəbɛl/ Annabels pn
Annabelle
A en given name

Annam /əˈnæm/ /ˈænæm/ pn
Annam
(history) One the French protectorates in Vietnam, located in Central Vietnam.

Annamite /ˌæn.əˈmaɪt/ adj
annamite
Of or from Annam

Annamite /ˌæn.əˈmaɪt/ Annamites n
Annamite
Inhabitant or resident of Annam.

Annas pn
Anân
(biblical) A Jewish high priest known for having four sons and a son-in-law (Caiaphas) succeed him in his lifetime; and for cooperating with Caiaphas to have Jesus Christ crucified.

Annie /ˈæni/ Annies pn
Annette Anny
A diminutive of the en given name Ann. Also, a popular given name in the 19th century.

Anno Domini adv
après Jésus-Christ
In the year of our Lord (often abbreviated A.D. or AD).

Annunciation /əˌnʌnsɪˈeɪ̯ʃn̩/ pn
Annonciation
(Christianity) The announcement by the archangel Gabriel to Mary that she would give birth to a son, namely Jesus. Celebrated on 25th March.

Anschluss /ˈan.ʃlʊs/ n
anschluss
(historical) Political annexation, specifically that of Austria into Nazi Germany in 1938. [from 1920s]

Anselm /ˈanˌsɛlm/ /ˈænˌsɛlm/ [ˈænˌsɛlm] pn
Anselme
A en given name; quite rare in English.

Antaeus pn
Antée
(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Gaea.

Antananarivo pn
Antananarivo Tananarive
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Antarctic /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ænˈtɑː(k)tɪk/ more Antarctic most Antarctic adj
antarctique
Of, from, or pertaining to Antarctica and the south polar regions.

Antarctic Circle pn
cercle antarctique
(geography) The line which marks approximately the northernmost place in the Southern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.

Antarctic Peninsula pn
Péninsule Antarctique
The northernmost part of the mainland of Antarctica.

Antarctica /enˈtɐːktɪkə/ /ænˈtɑɹ(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈtɑː(k)tɪkə/ /ˌænˈɑːtɪkə/ [æˈɾ̃ɑɹɾɪkə] pn
Antarctique
The southernmost continent, south of the Southern Ocean, containing the South Pole.

Antares pn
Antarès
(star) Alpha Scorpii (α Sco), the brightest star in the constellation Scorpius. It is a M type red giant, and is a binary with a B type companion visible in greenish.

Anthony /ˈæn.tə.ni/ /ˈæn.θə.ni/ pn
Antoine
A en given name, in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Anthropocene /ænˈθɹɑp.əˌsin/ /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsin/ /ˈæn.θɹə.pəˌsiːn/ pn
anthropocène Anthropocène
(geology) The proposed current geological epoch, in which the effect of human activities on the global environment have disrupted the natural variability of the Holocene. [from 1960s]

Anti-Lebanon pn
Anti-Liban
A mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.

Antibes pn
Antibes
A resort town on the Côte d'Azur in the Alpes-Maritimes department of southeastern France.

Antichrist pn
Antéchrist Antichrist
(Christianity, Islam) The false messiah who, under direct control of the Devil, will lead the abomination in the end times.

Antifa /ænˈtiːfə/ /ˈæntifɑː/ pn
antifa
(politics) A decentralized, radical political movement that opposes fascism.

Antigone /ænˈtɪ.ɡə.ni/ pn
Antigone
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta in fiction and mythology

Antigua /ænˈtiːɡ(w)ə/ pn
Antigua
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Antigua and Barbuda /ænˌti.ɡ(w)ə ənd bɑɹˈbju.də/ /ænˌtiː.ɡə ən(d) bɑːˈbjuː.də/ pn
Antigua-et-Barbuda
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Antiguan /ænˈtiːɡən/ Antiguans n
Antiguais Antiguaise
A person from Antigua in Antigua and Barbuda, or of Antiguan descent.

Antikythera pn
Anticythère
A Greek island located between Peloponnese and Crete, near Kythira.

Antillean /æntəˈliːən/ /ænˈtɪli.ən/ adj
antillais
Of, from, or pertaining to the Antilles, the Antillean people or the Antillean language.

Antillean /æntəˈliːən/ /ænˈtɪli.ən/ Antilleans n
Antillais Antillaise
A person from the Antilles or of Antillean descent.

Antilles /ænˈtɪl.iːz/ pn
Antilles
The islands of the West Indies, bounded to the north by (and including) the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola and Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea.

Antinous /anˈtɪnəʊəs/ /ænˈtɪnəʊəs/ pn
Antinoüs
(history) A Bithynian Greek youth and lover of Roman Emperor Hadrian.

Antioch /ˈæntiˌɑk/ /ˈæntɪˌɒk/ pn
Antioche

Antiochene pn
Antiochène
(historical) The territory around ancient Antioch.

Antiochian /ˌæntiˈoʊkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɑkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɒkiən/ more Antiochian most Antiochian adj
antiochien
Of or pertaining to ancient Antioch.

Antiochian /ˌæntiˈoʊkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɑkiən/ /ˌæntiˈɒkiən/ Antiochians n
Antiochien Antiochienne
(historical) A person from, or an inhabitant of, ancient Antioch.

Antiochus /ænˈtaɪəkəs/ pn
Antiochos
A Greek en given name, notably borne by the thirteen kings of the Seleucid dynasty.

Antipater pn
Antipater
(historical) A Macedonian general in the time of Alexander the Great.

Antiquity pn
Antiquité Antiquité classique
The period of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.

Antisthenes /ænˈtɪsθəniːz/ pn
Antisthène
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Antisthenes of Athens (445–365 B.C.), a Greek philosopher, founder of the school of Cynicism and a pupil of Socrates

Antlia pn
Machine pneumatique
(constellation) A faint winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pump. The common English name is "Air pump".

Antoinette pn
Antoinette
A en given name; best known for the ill-fated French queen Marie Antoinette.

Antonius /ænˈtoʊni.əs/ /ænˈtəʊni.əs/ pn
Antoine
a Roman nomen gentile

Antwerp /ˈæn.twɝp/ pn
Anvers
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Antwerpian more Antwerpian most Antwerpian adj
anversois
Of, relating, or pertaining to Antwerp, Belgium.

Antwerpian Antwerpians n
Anversois Anversoise
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of Antwerp, Belgium

Anubis pn
Anubis
(Egyptian mythology) In the mythology of ancient Egypt, the god of the dead and tombs, commonly depicted with the head of a jackal.

Anya pn
Anya
A en given name of modern usage.

Anzac Day /ˈænzæk ˌdeɪ/ Anzac Days pn
journée de l'ANZAC
April 25, a public holiday in Australia and New Zealand that originally commemorated the sacrifices made by members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) who fought at Gallipoli against the Ottoman Empire during World War I, and now honours people from those countries who have served in all wars, conflicts, and peacekeeping operations.

Aosta /ɑːˈɒstə/ pn
Aoste
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Aostan more Aostan most Aostan adj
aostois
Of or from Aosta in Italy.

Aostan Aostans n
Aostois Aostoise
A native or inhabitant of Aosta.

Apache /ə.ˈpæ.t͡ʃi/ Apaches n
Apaches
Any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e., Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.
Apache Apaches
A person belonging to an Apache people.
apache
(historical) A Parisian gangster of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Apache /ə.ˈpæ.t͡ʃi/ pn
Apache apache
The group of languages used by any of several Athabascan-speaking peoples of the American southwest excluding Navajo, i.e. Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Lipan, Mescalero, Plains Apache, or Western Apache.
Apache
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(computing, informal) Apache HTTP Server, a widely used open source web server software suite. [released in 1995]

Apache tear Apache tears n
larme d'apache
A rounded nodule of obsidian.

Apamea /æpəˈmiːə/ pn
Apamée
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Apamean /æpəˈmiːən/ adj
apaméen
Of or pertaining to Apamea in Syria or its region.

Apamean /æpəˈmiːən/ Apameans n
Apaméen Apaméenne
(historic) A person from, or an inhabitant of, Apamea in Syria or its region.

Apamene pn
Apamène
(historical) A region in Syria.

Apennines /ˈæpənaɪnz/ pn
Apennins Apennin
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Aphrodite /æfɹoʊˈdaɪti/ /æfɹəˈdaɪti/ pn
Aphrodite
(Greek god) The goddess of beauty and love, born when Cronus castrated his father, Uranus, and threw his genitalia into the sea. Her Roman counterpart is Venus.

Apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ Apocalypses pn
apocalypse Apocalypse
(countable, biblical) The written account of a revelation of hidden things given by God to a chosen prophet.
Apocalypse
(Christianity) Revelation (last book of the Bible, composed of twenty-two chapters, which narrates the end of times)

Apollinarism n
apollinarisme
(Christian, _, theology) The Christological theology that Jesus's mind was only divine and not human, condemned as a heresy at the First Council of Constantinople.

Apollo /əˈpɑloʊ/ /əˈpɒləʊ/ Apollos n
Apollon
(astronomy) An asteroid possessing an orbit that crosses the orbit of the Earth and an orbital period of over one year, with semimajor axes greater than 1 AU, and perihelion distances less than 1.017 AU.

Apollo /əˈpɑloʊ/ /əˈpɒləʊ/ pn
Apollon
(Greek god, Roman god) The son of Zeus and Leto (or Jupiter and Latona), and the twin brother of Artemis (or Diana). He was the god of light, music, medicine, and poetry; and prophecy, dance, manly beauty, and more.
Apollo
(NASA, space) A United States space program, and the vehicles it created, used for human travel to the moon.
(with "the") Apollo Theater, a music hall in New York City associated with African-American performers.
Apollo apollon
A butterfly of species Parnassius apollo, a large swallowtail with black and red spots on white wings.
apollon
A very handsome young man.

Apollonia pn
Apollonie
A en given name.

Apollonian Apollonians n
apollinien
(science fiction) A native of the planet Apollo.

Apollyon pn
Apollyon
(Christianity) The destroying angel of the abyss, the undoer or disintegrator.

Apophis /əˈpɑfəs/ /əˈpɒfɪs/ /ˈæpəfəs/ /ˈæpəfɪs/ pn
Apophis
(Egyptian mythology) An evil snake-god who tries to devour the sun every night.

Apostle Apostles n
apôtre
(Christianity) Any of the group of twelve disciples chosen by Jesus to preach and spread the Gospel.

Apostles' Creed pn
Symbole des apôtres
(Christianity) A statement of Christian belief, traditionally ascribed to the twelve Apostles of Jesus.

Appalachia /ˌæ.pəˈleɪ.(t)ʃə/ /ˌæ.pəˈlæ.tʃə/ pn
Appalaches
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Appalachians /ˌæ.pəˈleɪ.tʃənz/ /ˌæ.pəˈleɪ.ʃənz/ /ˌæ.pəˈlæ.tʃənz/ pn
Appalaches
A range of mountains in eastern North America, running northeast from Alabama in the United States to Newfoundland in Canada, variously including or excluding the Adirondack Mountains in northern New York.

Appenzell Inner Rhodes pn
Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures
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Appenzell Outer Rhodes pn
Appenzell Rhodes-Extérieures
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Appian /ˈæ.pi.ən/ pn
Appien
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appian of Alexandria (c. 95 – c. 165), a Roman historian of Greek descent

Appius pn
Appius
A Roman en given name, notably borne by Appius Claudius Caecus, a Roman politician of the 4th and 3rd century BC, builder of the Appian Way

Apr pn
avr.
abbreviation of April

April /ˈeɪ.pɹaɪl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹəl/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪl/ Aprils pn
avril
The fourth month of the Gregorian calendar, following March and preceding May. Abbreviation: Apr or Apr.

April Fools' Day April Fools' Days n
premier avril
The first day in April, when tricks and practical jokes are traditionally played

April fool April fools n
poisson d'avril
A practical joke played on April Fools' Day.

April shower April showers n
giboulée de mars
(UK, &, Ireland) A sporadic burst of light rain in the spring season, especially in the month of April.

Aptian pn
Aptien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Early (Lower) Cretaceous epoch.

Apuleius /ˌæpjuˈli.əs/ pn
Apulée
An author in the Roman Empire, Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis.

Apulia pn
Pouilles Pouille Apulie
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Apulian /əˈpuːliːən/ adj
apulien
Of or pertaining to Apulia.

Apulian /əˈpuːliːən/ Apulians n
Apulien Apulienne
An inhabitant or a resident of Apulia.

Apus /ˈeɪpəs/ pn
Oiseau de paradis
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a bird of paradise.

Aquarius /əˈkwɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /əˈkwɛɚ.i.əs/ Aquariuses n
Verseau
Someone with an Aquarius star sign

Aquarius /əˈkwɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /əˈkwɛɚ.i.əs/ pn
Verseau
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a water carrier.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the water carrier, ruled by Uranus covering January 20 – February 18 (tropical astrology) or February 15 – March 14 (sidereal astrology).

Aquila /ˈækwələ/ /ˈækwɪlə/ /ˈɑːkwələ/ pn
Aigle
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an eagle. It includes the star Altair.

Aquin pn
Aquin
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Aquitaine /ˈækwɪteɪn/ /ˌækwɪˈteɪn/ pn
Aquitaine
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Aquitanian more Aquitanian most Aquitanian adj
aquitain
Of or pertaining to Aquitania or Aquitaine

Ara /ˈeɪ.ɹə/ /ˈɛɹ.ə/ pn
Autel
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an altar.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ adj
arabe
Of or pertaining to Arabs and their nations.

Arab /ˈeɪ.ɹæb/ /ˈæɹ.əb/ /ˈɛɹ.əb/ Arabs n
Arabe
A Semitic person, whose forebears were from the Arabian Peninsula
arabe Arabe
An Arabian horse.

Arab League pn
Ligue arabe
An international organization of Arabic-speaking countries.

Arab Republic of Egypt pn
République arabe d'Égypte
The official name of the country of Egypt.

Arab Spring pn
Printemps arabe
The pro-democracy movement spreading across North Africa and the Middle East from 2010 to 2012.

Arab World pn
monde arabe
(as a minimum) Those Arabic-speaking independent states where Arabic is the main official and spoken language.

Arabia /əˈɹeɪbiə/ pn
Arabie
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Arabian Peninsula pn
péninsule Arabique Arabie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordered by Jordan, the Syrian desert and Iraq to the north, the Persian Gulf to the northeast, the Gulf of Oman to the east, the Arabian Sea (part of the Indian Ocean) to the south (southeast), the Gulf of Aden to the south, the Red Sea to the west (southwest) extending north into the Gulf of Aqaba, and north along the Red Sea Rift to the Mediterranean Sea on the west (northwest). It consists mainly of Saudi Arabia, and may be geologically defined as the Arabian plate, also as the Arabian subcontinent.

Arabian Sea pn
mer d'Arabie mer d'Oman
TemplateParserError:LuaError located between India, the Arabian Peninsula, and the Socotra Passage.

Arabian oryx Arabian oryx Arabian oryxes n
oryx béatrix oryx d'Arabie
An oryx of species Oryx leucoryx.

Arabic /ˈæ.ɹə.bɪk/ /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ adj
arabe
Of, from, or pertaining to Arab countries or cultural behaviour (see also Arab as an adjective).

Arabic /ˈæ.ɹə.bɪk/ /ˈæɹ.ə.bɪk/ /ˈɛɹ.ə.bɪk/ pn
arabe alphabet arabe
The Aramaic-derived alphabet used to write the Arabic, Persian, Pashto, Urdu, and Uyghur languages, among others.

Arabic numeral Arabic numerals n
chiffre arabe
(arithmetic) Any of the ten symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 used to represent numbers.

Arabisation Arabisations n
arabisation
the process of Arabising

Arabism Arabisms n
arabisme
An idiom characteristic of the Arabic language.

Arabize v
arabiser
(transitive) To make Arab; to give Arab traits to.

Arabo- prefix
arabo-
Arabic.

Arabocentric more Arabocentric most Arabocentric adj
arabocentriste
Emphasizing the Arabs, their culture or what is in their language.

Arabologist Arabologists n
arabologue
A scholar specializing in Arabology.

Arabology n
arabologie
The study of the Arabs.

Arabophobia n
arabophobie
Fear, hate, or dislike of Arabs and their culture

Arabophone adj
arabophone

Arachne /əˈɹækni/ pn
Arachné
(Greek mythology) A woman famous for her skill at weaving. She was changed into a spider by the goddess Athena.

Arachosia pn
Arachosie
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Arafura Sea pn
mer d’Arafura
A sea lying directly north of Arnhem Land and south of West Papua.

Aragonese /ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/ adj
aragonais
Of, from, or pertaining to Aragon, the Aragonese people or the Aragonese language.

Aragonese /ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/ Aragonese n
Aragonais Aragonaise
A person from Aragon.

Aragonese /ˌærəɡɒˈniːz/ pn
aragonais
The language of Aragon, nowadays only spoken as a mother tongue by a few thousand people in some valleys of the Pyrenees.

Aral Sea /ˈɑːɹəl siː/ pn
mer d'Aral
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Aramaean /æ.ɹəˈmiː.ən/ /æɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ /ɛɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ adj
araméen araméenne
Of or pertaining to Aramaeans or Aram.

Aramaean /æ.ɹəˈmiː.ən/ /æɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ /ɛɹ.əˈmiː.ən/ Aramaeans n
Araméen Araméenne
Any member of a West Semitic semi-nomadic and pastoralist people who lived in the Levant and later also in upper Mesopotamia (Biblical Aram) during the Late Bronze Age and the Iron Age. They spoke Aramaic.

Aramaic /ˌæ.ɹə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ adj
araméen
Referring to the Aramaic language, alphabet, culture or poetry.

Aramaic /ˌæ.ɹə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.ə.ˈmeɪ.ɪk/ pn
araméen
The language of the Aramaeans from the tenth century BC: often called Old Aramaic.

Aranese pn
aranais
Gascon Occitan dialect spoken in Val d'Aran, a small area in northern Catalonia.

Arapaho /əˈɹeɪpəhoʊ/ pn
Arapaho
The Algonquian language of this people.

Araucania pn
Araucanie

Arawak adj
Arawak
Pertaining to the Arawak peoples

Arawak Arawak Arawaks n
Arawak
A member of an Amerindian people who lived in the region of the Caribbean when the Spanish arrived in America.

Arbil pn
Erbil
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Arbor Day pn
Jour de l'arbre
(US) The national day of observance of the need to protect trees, celebrated by planting a tree.

Arc de Triomphe pn
Arc de Triomphe
A war monument in Paris, France, designed by Jean Chalgrin in 1806, started in 1808 and inaugurated in 1836.

Arcadia /ɑɹˈkeɪ.di.ə/ /ɑːˈkeɪ.dɪ.ə/ Arcadias n
Arcadie
(figurative) An ideal region of rural and idyllic contentment; a pastoral utopia.

Arcadian /ɑɹˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪ.di.ən/ more Arcadian most Arcadian adj
arcadien arcadienne
Pertaining to ancient Arcadia.

Arcadian /ɑɹˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪ.di.ən/ Arcadians n
Arcadien Arcadienne
An inhabitant of ancient Arcadia.

Arcadius pn
Arcadius Arcade
A en given name, of mostly historical use. Seen slightly more commonly as Arcade, from French.

Arcado-Cypriot pn
arcadochypriote

Arceneaux /æɹsənoʊ/ pn
Arceneaux

Archi /ɑːɹˈt͡ʃiː/ pn
artchi
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken in the Dagestan region of Russia.

Archibald /ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃɪ.bɔːld/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃɪ.bəld/ Archibalds pn
Archaimbaud Archambault Archenbaud Archibald Archimbaud
A en given name.

Archilochus pn
Archiloque
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a 7th century Archaic or a Classical Greek poet.

Archimedean /ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdi.ən/ /ˌɑːɹkɪˈmiːdi.ən/ more Archimedean most Archimedean adj
archimédien
Of or pertaining to Archimedes.

Archimedes /ɐ.ˈkɪ.mi.diːz/ /ˌɑɹ.kəˈmiː.diːz/ /ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz/ /ˌɑːɹkɪˈmiːdiːz/ pn
Archimède
An Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist and engineer (c. 287–212 BCE).

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ adj
arctique
(geography) Pertaining to the northern polar region of the planet, characterised by extreme cold and an icy landscape. [from 16th c.]
Extremely cold, snowy, or having other properties of extreme winter associated with the Arctic. [from 16th c.]

Arctic /ˈɑɹ(k)tɪk/ /ˈɑː(k)tɪk/ pn
Arctique
(geography) The region of the Earth above the Arctic Circle, containing the North Pole. [from 17th c.]

Arctic Circle pn
cercle arctique
The parallel of latitude that runs 66° 33′ 39″ north of the Equator, which marks approximately the southernmost place in the Northern Hemisphere where the sun does not set on the summer solstice and does not rise on the winter solstice.

Arctic Ocean pn
océan Arctique
The smallest of the five oceans of the Earth, on and around the North Pole, bordered by the three continents of Asia, Europe and North America.

Arctic cod Arctic cod Arctic cods n
morue arctique
A gadiform fish of northeast Atlantic (Arctogadus glacialis).

Arctic warbler Arctic warblers n
pouillot boréal
Phylloscopus borealis, a widespread leaf warbler in birch or mixed birch forest near water throughout its breeding range in Fennoscandia and northern Asia

Arcturian adj
arcturien

Arcturus /ɑɹkˈtjʊəɹəs/ pn
Arcturus
(star) A bright yellow-orange star in the constellation Boötes; Alpha (α) Boötis. It is the fourth-brightest star in the night sky.

Ardennes pn
Ardennes
A placename
A range of hills in the Ardennes-Eiffel mountainous range
Ellipsis of Ardennes Forest / Ardenne Forest / Forest of Ardennes.
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Ellipsis of Battle of Ardennes or Battle of the Ardennes.

Ardèche pn
Ardèche
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Area 51 pn
Zone 51
(informal, US, military, aviation, research, espionage, ufology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is the subject of conspiracy theories claiming it is where the US government hides extra-planetary alien visitors.

Ares /ˈeəɹiːz/ pn
Arès
(Greek god) The Greek god of war, considered equivalent to the Roman Mars and usually described as a son of Zeus and Hera, companion of Eris and Enyo, and by Aphrodite father of Deimos and Phobos.

Arezzo /əˈɹɛtsəʊ/ pn
Arezzo
A province of Tuscany, Italy.
The capital city of Arezzo.

Argand lamp Argand lamps n
quinquet
(now, historical) A type of oil lamp with a circular hollow wick and glass chimney which allow a current of air both inside and outside of the flame.

Argentina /ˌɑɹ.d͡ʒən.ˈti.nə/ /ˌɑː.d͡ʒən.ˈtiː.nə/ pn
Argentine
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Argentine /ˈɑː.dʒən.taɪn/ /ˈɑː.dʒən.tiːn/ adj
argentin argentine
Of, from, or pertaining to Argentina or its people.

Argentine /ˈɑː.dʒən.taɪn/ /ˈɑː.dʒən.tiːn/ Argentines n
Argentin Argentine
A citizen or descendant abroad of Argentina.
(dance) Short for Argentine tango.

Argentine Republic pn
République argentine
The official name of Argentina.

Argentine tango Argentine tangos n
tango argentin
A dance on which the ballroom tango is based, with slow intricate footwork.

Argo pn
Argo
(Greek mythology) The ship in which Jason and the Argonauts sailed on their quest for the Golden Fleece.

Argo Navis pn
Navire Argo
(constellation) : A former constellation of the southern sky, said to represent the mythical ship Argo. In 1763, it was divided into the three new constellations: Carina (keel), Puppis (stern), and Vela (sail).

Argonaut /ˈɑːrɡənɔːt/ pn
Argonaute
(Greek mythology) One of the members of the Argo who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece.

Ari pn
Ari
A Papuan language spoken in Western Province, Papua New Guinea.

Ariadne /ˈæ.ɹiˌæd.ni/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈæd.ni/ Ariadnes pn
Ariane
(Greek mythology) The daughter of King Minos of Crete and his queen, Pasiphae.

Arian /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ adj
arien
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to Arius or Arianism.

Arian /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ Arians n
arien
(Christianity) A believer of Arianism, particularly (historical) the official Arian churches lasting to the 7th century.

Arianism /ˈɛəɹɪənɪzəm/ n
arianisme
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, condemned as heretical by the Council of Nicaea, which holds that Jesus was created by God, rather than being God himself.

Ariel /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ Ariels pn
Ariel
(astronomy) The brightest moon of the planet Uranus.

Aries /ˈɛə.ɹiːz/ /ˈɛɚ.iz/ Aries n
Bélier
Someone with an Aries star sign.

Aries /ˈɛə.ɹiːz/ /ˈɛɚ.iz/ pn
Bélier
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a ram.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the ram, ruled by Mars and covering March 20 – April 20 (tropical astrology) or April 15 – May 15 (sidereal astrology).

Arin pn
arine

Ariostan more Ariostan most Ariostan adj
ariostin
(poetry) Characteristic of the Italian poet Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533).

Arist. pn
Arstt.
Bibliographical

Aristaeus /æɹɪˈsteɪəs/ /æɹɪˈstiːəs/ /əˈɹiːstɪəs/ pn
Aristée
(Greek god) A minor god of rustic, rural arts such as beekeeping, herding and hunting.

Aristarch /ˈæɹɪstɑːk/ Aristarchs n
aristarque
A severe critic.

Aristarchus pn
Aristarque
A en given name, of historical use only in English.

Aristophanean more Aristophanean most Aristophanean adj
aristophanien aristophanique

Aristophanes /æɹɪsˈtɒfəniːz/ /ɛɹɪsˈtɑfəniz/ pn
Aristophane
An Ancient Greek male name, most famously borne by a playwright who lived from circa 446 BC to circa 386 BC.

Aristotelianism pn
aristotélisme
(philosophy) The philosophical system of Aristotle (384 BCE – 322 BCE) and his followers.

Aristotle /ˈæɹɪˌstɑtəl/ /ˈæɹɪˌstɒtəl/ /ˈɛɹɪˌstɑtəl/ [ˈæɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] [ˈæɹɪˌstɒtᵊɫ̩] [ˈɛɹɪˌstɑɾɫ̩] pn
Aristote
An ancient Greek philosopher, logician, and scientist (382–322 BCE), student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.

Arius /ˈɛəɹi.əs/ pn
Arius
A Greek en given name, notably borne by Arius, circa 250–336, a priest in Alexandria, the founder of Arianism

Arizona /ˌæɹɪˈzoʊnə/ /ˌæɹɪˈzəʊnə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈzoʊnə/ pn
Arizona
(historical) A territory of the southwest Confederate (1862–1865) and United States of America (1863–1912), with its capitals at Tucson, Prescott, and Phoenix.

Ariège pn
Ariège
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A tributary of the Garonne

Ark of the Covenant pn
arche d’alliance
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) The sacred container, a gold-plated wooden chest, of the two tablets of law (the Ten Commandments) given to Moses by the Hebrew God.

Arkhangelsk pn
Arkhanguelsk Arkhangelsk
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Arlberg /ˈɑː(ɹ)lbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Arlberg
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Arles pn
Arles
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Armageddon /-ˈɡɛ.dən/ /ˌɑɹ.məˈɡɛ.dn̩/ /ˌɑː(ɹ).məˈɡɛ.dn̩/ pn
Armageddon
(Christianity, Islam) Mount Megiddo, the site of a prophesied final battle between the forces of good and evil.

Armagnac pn
Armagnac
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A party prominent in French politics and warfare during the Hundred Years' War.

Armenia /ɑɹˈmi.ni.ə/ /ɑːˈmiː.ni.ə/ pn
Arménie
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the Armenian Highland southeast of Black Sea and southwest of Caspian Sea; area now divided between Turkey, Republic of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia and Iran.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ adj
arménien
Of, from, or pertaining to Armenia, the Armenian people, the Armenian language, or the Armenian alphabet.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ Armenians n
Arménien Arménienne
(countable) A person from Armenia or of Armenian descent.

Armenian /ɑɹˈmini.ən/ /ɑːˈmiːni.ən/ pn
arménien
(uncountable) A branch of Indo-European languages, which includes the various stages of the Armenian language.

Armenian Highland pn
haut-plateau arménien
A plateau in the north of Western Asia, connecting the Lesser Caucasus with the Taurus Mountains. Total area: about 400,000 km². Average elevation: 1500 to 2000 metres, highest point: Mount Ararat. The area lies mostly in eastern Turkey; also includes the whole of modern Armenia, southern Georgia, western Azerbaijan, northwestern Iran, Nakhichevan and Nagorno-Karabakh.

Armenian Question pn
question arménienne
(historical) The issues surrounding the status (and protection by western powers) of Armenians in Ottoman and formerly Ottoman areas.

Armenian SSR pn
RSS d'Arménie
One of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics that made up the former Soviet Union (1920-1991, name changed in 1990). Became independent as the Republic of Armenia in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.

Armenian cucumber Armenian cucumbers n
concombre arménien concombre serpent
Cucumis melo var. flexuosus, a long, slender variety of muskmelon which resembles a cucumber in taste and inner appearance.

Armenian genocide pn
génocide arménien
(historical) The systematic mass murder of around one million ethnic Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during World War I (1915–1917).

Armenianness n
arménité
The quality or state of being Armenian.

Armin pn
Armin

Arminianism n
arminianisme
(Christianity) A school of thought within Protestantism based on the theological ideas of Jacobus Arminius.

Arminius pn
Arminius
(history) A chieftain of the Cherusci (an ancient Germanic tribe) who defeated the Romans in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.

Armorica /ɑːˈmɒɹɪkə/ pn
Armorique
(historical) The north-western part of ancient Gaul, corresponding to modern Brittany.

Armorican adj
armoricain
Of, from or pertaining to Armorica

Armorican Armoricans n
Armoricain
Someone from Armorica

Arnhem Land /ˈaːnəm lænd/ pn
terre d'Arnhem
An area of 97,000 sq. km in the north-eastern corner of the Northern Territory, Australia, controlled by the Northern Land Council, inhabited by local Aboriginals.

Arno /ˈɑɹnoʊ/ /ˈɑːnəʊ/ pn
Arno
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Arnold /ˈɑɹnəld/ pn
Arnaud
A en given name brought to England by Normans.

Aromanian /æɹoʊˈmeɪniən/ /æɹəʊˈmeɪnɪən/ Aromanians n
Aroumain
A member of the people living throughout the southern Balkans, especially in northern Greece, southern and central Albania, parts of North Macedonia, southwestern Bulgaria and Serbia; they are a subgroup of Vlachs.

Aromanian /æɹoʊˈmeɪniən/ /æɹəʊˈmeɪnɪən/ pn
aroumain
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken mainly in Greece, but also in Albania, North Macedonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and relatively intelligible with Romanian and Megleno-Romanian.

Arpajon pn
Arpajon
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Arras /ˈæɹəs/ pn
Arras
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Arrernte /ˈaɹəndə/ /ˈæɹəndə/ pn
Arrernte
An Australian Aboriginal people of central Australia, largely within the southern part of the Northern Territory.

Arretine /ˈæɹɪtaɪn/ adj
arétin
Of, from or pertaining to Arezzo, Italy.

Arrow with Weethley pn
Arrow with Weethley
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Arsacid /ˈɑɹsəsɪd/ adj
arsacide
(historical) of or pertaining to the Parthian dynasty established by Arsaces I which ruled the Parthian Empire during 247 BC – 224 AD, Armenia during 54–428, as well as Iberia and Caucasian Albania

Arsacid /ˈɑɹsəsɪd/ Arsacidae Arsacides Arsacids n
Arsacide
(historical) member of the Arsacid Dynasty

Arsenault Arsenaults pn
Arsenault

Arseneau Arseneaus pn
Arseneau

Art Deco /ɑːɹ(t) ˈdɛkəʊ/ pn
Art déco
A style of decorative art and architecture originating in the 1920s and 1930s, characterized by bold geometric forms and simple composition.

Art Nouveau pn
Art nouveau modern style modern-style style 1900 style nouille
A decorative style of art and architecture that especially used the sinuous and flowing lines of plants.

Artagnan pn
Artagnan
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Artaxerxes /ˌɑːtə(ɡ)ˈzɜːksiːz/ Artaxerxeses pn
Artaxerxès
(historical) The name of several Achaemenid kings of Persia.

Artemis /ˈɑɹtəmɪs/ pn
Artémis
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the hunt, wild animals, and wilderness; the daughter of Leto and Zeus; the sister of Apollo. (Compare Diana.)

Arthur /ˈɑɹθɚ/ /ˈɑːɹtəɹ/ /ˈɑːθə(ɹ)/ pn
Arthur
A en given name.

Arthurian more Arthurian most Arthurian adj
arthurien
Of or pertaining to the legend of Arthur, king of the Britons, and his court at Camelot.

Artinian adj
artinien
(algebra, of a ring) in which any descending chain of ideals eventually starts repeating.

Artinskian pn
Artinskien

Artsakh pn
Artsakh
(historical) One of the 15 provinces of Greater Armenia.

Artsakhian more Artsakhian most Artsakhian adj
artsakhiote
Of, relating, or pertaining to Artsakh, Armenia.

Aruba /əˈɹuː.bə/ pn
Aruba
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a Meitei surname from Manipuri

Aruban Arubans n
Arubain Arubaine Arubais Arubaise Arubéen Arubéenne
A person from Aruba or of Aruban descent.

Aruküla pn
Aruküla
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Arvanitika /ˌɑːvəˈnɪtɪkə/ pn
albanais arvanite
An archaic form of the Albanian language spoken by a linguistic minority in Greece.

Arviat pn
Arviat

Aryan /ˈɑɹi.ən/ /ˈɑɹjən/ /ˈɑːjən/ /ˈɑːɹi.ən/ /ˈɛəjən/ /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹjən/ more Aryan most Aryan adj
arien aryen
Pertaining, in racial theories, to the (alleged) Aryan master race.
(neo-Nazi or white supremacist ideology, informal) Pertaining to the Caucasian ethnicity.
(US, informal, euphemistic) Pertaining to Caucasian racists or their organisations, theories, etc.
aryen indo-européen indo-germanique
Of or pertaining to Indo-Iranian peoples, cultures, and languages.
(dated) Of or pertaining to Indo-European peoples, cultures and languages.

Aryan /ˈɑɹi.ən/ /ˈɑɹjən/ /ˈɑːjən/ /ˈɑːɹi.ən/ /ˈɛəjən/ /ˈɛəɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹi.ən/ /ˈɛɹjən/ Aryans n
Aryen Arien Aryenne
(theosophy, Germanic, _, mysticism, Nazism) A member of an alleged master race with no fixed definition, comprising people of Germanic descent (in the narrowest sense), or all non-Jewish Caucasians (in the broadest sense)
Aryen
(Nazi, _, or, _, white supremacist ideology, informal) A person of Caucasian (white / European) ethnicity; a white non-Jew.
(dated) An Indo-Iranian.
Aryen Indo-Européen
(dated) An Indo-European, a Proto-Indo-European.

Aryanize v
aryaniser
(transitive) To make Aryan.

Asbestos pn
Asbestos
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Ascanius /æˈskeɪni.əs/ pn
Ascagne
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A legendary king of Alba Longa, and the son of the Trojan hero Aeneas.

Ascension pn
Ascension
(Christianity, specifically) The believed entry of Jesus Christ into heaven after his resurrection.

Ascension Day pn
Ascension
The fortieth day of Easter, that is the Thursday 39 days after Easter.

Ascension Island /əˈsɛnʃən ˌaɪ̯lənd/ pn
île de l'Ascension
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Asclepius /æsˈkliːpi.əs/ /əˈskliːpi.əs/ pn
Asclépios
(Greek god) A Greek mythological deity, the god of doctors, medicine and healing; a son of Apollo and the Thessalian princess Coronis, husband to the goddess Epione and father of the Asclepiades; identified with the Roman god Aesculapius.

Ascoli Piceno pn
Ascoli Piceno

Asgard /ˈæsˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈæzˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈɑsˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈɑzˌɡɑɹd/ pn
Ásgard
(Norse mythology) The realm of the Æsir gods.

Ash Wednesday Ash Wednesdays n
mercredi des Cendres
(Christianity) The Wednesday 46 days before Easter in a given year, (Catholicism) traditionally observed as the beginning of Lent and a day of strict abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Ashanti /əˈʃæntiː/ /əˈʃɑːntiː/ Ashanti Ashantis n
Achanti Ashanti
A member of a nation and ethnic group of Akan origin, found mainly in Ghana and Ivory Coast.

Asher /ˈæ.ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.ʃɚ/ pn
Aser
(biblical) Eighth son of Jacob, by his wife's handmaid Zilpah.

Ashgabat pn
Achgabat
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Ashkelon /ˈæʃkəlɒn/ pn
Ascalon
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Ashkenazi /ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ /ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ more Ashkenazi most Ashkenazi adj
ashkénaze
Of or relating to Jews of Central European, particularly of German and Polish origin, and their traditions, customs, and rituals.

Ashkenazi /ˌæʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌæʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ /ˌɑːʃkɪnəˈziː/ /ˌɑːʃkɪˈnɑːzi/ Ashkenazim Ashkenazis n
ashkénaze
An Ashkenazi Jew.

Ashoka /əˈʃoʊkə/ /əˈʃəʊkə/ pn
Ashoka
(historical) An ancient Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE.

Ashura pn
Achoura
(Islam) A holy day falling on the 10th day of Muharram, commemorating the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali in 680 AD.

Asia /ˈeɪ.ʃja/ /ˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˈeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈeː.ʃja/ Asias pn
Asie
A continent located east of Europe (typically delimited by the Urals), west of the Pacific Ocean, north of Oceania and south of the Arctic Ocean.

Asia Minor pn
Asie mineure Asie Mineure
A large peninsula, mostly coterminous with Anatolia, between the Mediterranean Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Black Sea; it makes up the Asian part of Turkey.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ adj
asiatique
Of, relating to or from Asia.

Asian /ˈeɪʃən/ /ˈeɪʒən/ Asians n
Asiatique
(UK, Ireland, South Africa) A person from or with ancestry in South Asia.
Asiatique asiatique
(US, Canada, Australia, NZ, also International English on the Internet) A person from or with ancestry in East or Southeast Asia, occasionally South Asia.
A person from the continent of Asia, or a descendant thereof - especially:

Asian Games pn
Jeux asiatiques
An Asian multi-sport event taking place every fourth year.

Asian black bear Asian black bears n
ours noir d'Asie ours à collier du Tibet
A bear of the species Ursus thibetanus (previously known as Selenarctos thibetanus).

Asian brown flycatcher Asian brown flycatchers n
Gobemouche brun
Muscicapa dauurica, an Asian flycatcher.

Asian conical hat Asian conical hats n
chapeau chinois
A large conical hat popular in some Asian countries, made of bamboo or straw.

Asian desert warbler Asian desert warblers n
fauvette naine
Sylvia nana, an Old World warbler.

Asian elephant Asian elephants n
éléphant d'Asie
An elephant, Elephas maximus, found in Asia.

Asian giant hornet Asian giant hornets n
frelon géant
Vespa mandarinia, the world's largest hornet, native to temperate and tropical Eastern Asia, and having a powerful sting.

Asian lion /ˈeɪʒən ˈlaɪən/ Asian lions n
lion asiatique lion d'Asie lion persan
Panthera leo persica, a subspecies of lion that inhabited Asia.

Asianization Asianizations n
asiatisation
The process of becoming Asian in character or culture

Asianness n
asianité asiaticité
The quality or characteristic of being Asian.

Asiarch Asiarchs n
asiarque
(historical) One of the chiefs or pontiffs of the Roman province of Asia, who had the superintendence of the public games and religious rites.

Asiarchate Asiarchates n
asiarchie
The term of office of an Asiarch.

Asimovian more Asimovian most Asimovian adj
asimovien asimovienne
(literature) Of or pertaining to Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) or his writings, especially science fiction.

Aslian adj
aslien asliens

Asperger's syndrome /ˈæspɜːdʒəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ /ˈæspɜːɡəz ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ /ˈæspɝɡɚz ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ n
syndrome d'Asperger
(dated, uncountable, neurology) An autism-related developmental disorder characterised by sustained impairment in social interaction and nonverbal communication and by repetitive behaviour as well as restricted interests and routines.

Assam /æˈsæm/ /əˈsɒm/ pn
Assam
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(historical) The former realm it was named after.

Assamese pn
assamais
The Indo-Aryan language spoken by the majority people in the state of Assam, NE India.

Assan pn
assane

Asselian pn
Assélien

Assiniboine Assiniboine Assiniboines n
assiniboine assiniboines
A member of an indigenous people related to the Sioux living in the Great Plains in the United States and Canada.

Assisi pn
Assise
A city in the province Perugia in the Central-Italian region Umbria

Assumption pn
Assomption
The Assumption of Mary, the mother of Jesus, into heaven, a Catholic dogma.
A Christian holy day of obligation (August 15) celebrating the Assumption of Mary.

Assyria /əˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Assyrie
A Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant from the mid-23rd century BC to 608 BC and centred on the Upper Tigris river in northern Mesopotamia (present day northern Iraq), which came to rule regional empires a number of times through history.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ adj
assyrien
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
(historical) Of, or characteristic of, or pertaining to the ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ Assyrians n
Assyrien Assyrienne
(historical) A person who resided in the ancient region on the Upper Tigris river, with capital city of Assur.
(historical) A citizen of an ancient nation and empire, including the northern half of Mesopotamia, with capital city of Nineveh.

Assyrian /əˈsiɹi.ɪn/ pn
assyrien
Any Syriac language spoken by Assyrian peoples, particularly Assyrian Neo-Aramaic.
A dialect of Akkadian spoken in ancient Assyria.

Assyriologist Assyriologists n
assyriologue
A person who studies ancient Assyria.

Assyriology n
assyriologie
The study of the ancient Assyrian language and culture.

Astana /æsˈtɑːnə/ /əsˈtɑːnə/ pn
Astana
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Asterix pn
Astérix
A series of French comic books written by René Goscinny and illustrated by Albert Uderzo about an Ancient Gaul named Asterix.

Asti pn
Asti
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Astraea /æˈstɹiːə/ pn
Astrée
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of stars and justice; similar to Dike, equivalent to the Roman goddess Justitia.

Astraeus /əˈstɹiːəs/ pn
Astréos
(Greek god) The Greek god of the dusk. Husband of Eos (goddess of the dawn), and father of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets").

Astrakhan /æstɹəˈkæn/ pn
Astrakhan
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Asturia pn
Asturies
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Asturian /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.ən/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.ən/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.ən/ more Asturian most Asturian adj
asturien
Of or pertaining to the region of Asturias in Spain.
Of or pertaining to the Asturian language.

Asturian /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.ən/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.ən/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.ən/ Asturians n
Asturien Asturienne
A native of Asturias in northern Spain.

Asturian /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.ən/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.ən/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.ən/ pn
asturien
A Romance language spoken in Asturias, Spain.

Asturias /æsˈtʊə.ɹi.əs/ /æsˈtʊɹ.i.əs/ /əˈstjʊə.ɹi.əs/ /əˈstʊɹ.i.əs/ pn
Asturies
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Asunción /əˌsuːnsiˈɒn/ /əˌsuːnsiˈəʊn/ /ˌæsʊnˈsjɒn/ pn
Asunción
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Asura Asuras n
asura açoura
(Hinduism) Power-seeking deities involved in constant conflict with the more benevolent Devas.

Aswan /asˈwɑːn/ pn
Assouan
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Atalanta pn
Atalante
(Greek mythology) A huntress and heroine in Greek mythology, renowned for her great speed and strength; depending on the version of the myth, either the daughter of Iasus (a prince of Arcadia) by Clymene or of King Schoeneus of Boeotia.
(astronomy) The main belt asteroid 36 Atalante.

Ataturkist more Ataturkist most Ataturkist adj
ataturkiste

Atayal n
Atayal
An Austronesian people of Taiwan.

Atenism n
atonisme
A monotheistic religion of ancient Egypt, based around the god Aten.

Athabascan adj
athabascan

Athamas /ˈæθəməs/ /ˈæθəˌmæs/ pn
Athamas
(Greek mythology) A Boeotian king, father of Phrixus and Helle by his first wife Nephele, whom he deserted for Ino.

Athanasius /ˌæθəˈneɪzi.əs/ /ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/ pn
Athanase
An Ancient Greek en given name

Athena /əˈθiːnə/ pn
Athéna Athéné
(Greek god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, the arts, and especially crafts, in particular, weaving; daughter of Zeus and Metis. Her Roman counterpart is Minerva.

Athenian /əˈθiː.ni.ən/ Athenians n
Athénien Athénienne
An inhabitant, resident, or citizen of Athens, Greece.

Athens /ˈeɪθənz/ /ˈæθənz/ pn
Athènes
(metonym) The Greek government.

Athos /ˈæ.θɒs/ pn
Athos
A peninsula in Greece containing Mount Athos

Atikamekw /ətɪkəˈmɛk/ pn
atikamekw
Their language, part of the Cree subgroup of Algonquian.

Atilius pn
Atilius
a Roman nomen gentile

Atlanta /ætˈlæntə/ [ætˈlænə] [ætˈlæɾ̃ə] pn
Atlanta
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Atlantic /ætˈlæn.tɪk/ /ətˈlæn.tɪk/ adj
atlantique
Pertaining to locations adjacent to or in the vicinity of the Atlantic Ocean, such as the British Isles in Northwestern Europe, or the eastern seaboard of the USA.

Atlantic Ocean /ətˈlæntɪk ˈəʊʃən/ pn
océan Atlantique Atlantique
The ocean lying between the Americas to the west and Europe and Africa to the east.

Atlantic bonito Atlantic bonitos n
bonite à dos rayé pélamide sarde
Sarda sarda, of the shallower waters of the Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and the Black Sea.

Atlantic herring Atlantic herring Atlantic herrings n
hareng de l'Atlantique
Clupea harengus, an abundant species of herring and an important food fish living in the North Atlantic.

Atlantic horse mackerel Atlantic horse mackerels n
caringue chinchard chinchard commun maquereau anglais maquereau bâtard saurel commun de l'Atlantique
A jack mackerel (Trachurus trachurus), of the family Carangidae.

Atlantic puffin Atlantic puffins n
macareux moine
A species of puffin (Fratercula arctica).

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmons n
saumon atlantique
A species of fish of the Salmonidae family, Salmo salar.

Atlantic tomcod Atlantic tomcods n
poulamon poulamon atlantique
A gadiform fish of the northwest Atlantic, Microgadus tomcod.

Atlantis /ətˈlæntəs/ pn
Atlantide
A mythical country said to have sunk into the Atlantic Ocean.

Atlas /ˈætləs/ Atlases pn
Atlas
(Greek god) The son of Iapetus and Clymene, war leader of the Titans ordered by the god Zeus to support the sky on his shoulders; father to the Hesperides, the Hyades, and the Pleiades; king of the legendary Atlantis.
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Atlas moth Atlas moths n
atlas mite de l’atlas
a large moth, Attacus atlas, from the tropical forests of southeast Asia

Atlasic adj
atlasique

Atomic Age /əˈtɑːmɪk ˌeɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈtɒmɪk ˌeɪd͡ʒ/ pn
Âge atomique
The era, starting in the mid-1940s, during which nuclear energy was developed, and in which it was thought that all energy would be provided by such sources.

Attalia pn
Attalie
former name of Antalya

Attic salt /-ɾɪk/ /ˈatɪk sɒlt/ /ˈatɪk sɔːlt/ /ˈætɪk sɑlt/ /ˈætɪk sɔlt/ n
sel attique
(idiomatic) Pointed and delicate wit.

Attica pn
Attique
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A peninsula southeast of Athens, Greece.
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Atticize v
atticiser
(intransitive) To use the Attic idiom or style; to conform to the customs or modes of thought of the Athenians.

Attila the Hun pn
Attila Attila le Hun
(historical) Attila, kingly ruler of the tribe of the Huns and vast Eurasian Hunnic Empire and feared enemy of the Roman Empire, from 434 until his death in 453.

Atto pn
Atton
A male given name of historical usage

Aubange pn
Aubange
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Aube pn
Aube
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Auckland /ˈɑːklənd/ /ˈɔːklənd/ pn
Auckland
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Aude pn
Aude
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Audet Audets pn
Audet

Audett Audetts pn
Audett

Audette Audettes pn
Audette

Audouin's gull Audouin's gulls n
goéland d'Audouin
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull restricted to the Mediterranean and the western coast of Saharan Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.

Audrey /ˈɔːdɹi/ pn
Audrey
A en given name.
(very, rare) A en given name.

Auf der Maur pn
Auf der Maur

Augean stables /ɑˌd͡ʒiən-/ /ɔˌd͡ʒiən ˈsteɪb(ə)lz/ /ɔːˌd͡ʒiːən ˈsteɪbl̩z/ /ˈɑˌɡiən-/ /ˈɔˌɡiən-/ n
écuries d'Augias

Augeas /ɔːˈd͡ʒiːəs/ pn
Augias
(Greek mythology) a king of Elis, best known for his stables, the Augean stables

Auger /oʊˈʒeɪ/ /ˈaʊd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈaʊɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔːʒɚ/ Augers pn
Auger

Auger effect /əʊˈʒeɪ ɪˈfɛkt/ n
effet Auger

Auger electron spectroscopy n
spectroscopie électronique Auger

Augsburg pn
Augsbourg
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August /ˈɑ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔ.ɡəst/ /ˈɔː.ɡəst/ Augusts pn
août aout
The eighth month of the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, following July and preceding September.

Augusta /əɡʌstə/ pn
Augusta
A en given name.
(rare) A en given name.

Augustine /ɔːˈɡʌstɪn/ /əˈɡʌstɪn/ /ˈɑɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔɡəˌstin/ /ˈɔːɡəˌstiːn/ pn
Augustin
A en given name, notably borne by Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430), a church father and a writer.

Augustinism pn
augustinisme
The religious philosophy of Augustine of Hippo.

Augustus /ɔːˈɡʌstəs/ pn
Auguste
The Roman emperor Augustus, also called Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (63 B.C.E. – 14 C.E.); heir to Julius Caesar
A en given name, risen in popularity since the 18th century.

Aulis /ˈaʊlɪs/ /ˈɔːlɪs/ pn
Aulis
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, where, according to legend, the Greek fleet gathered to set off for Troy, and where Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter Iphigenia.

Aunt Flo /ɑːnt fləʊ/ pn
les Anglais ont débarqué
(euphemism, _, slang) A personification of the menstrual period or menstruation.

Auregnais pn
auregnais
An extinct Norman dialect once spoken on Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.

Aurelia pn
Aurélie
A en given name

Aurelian pn
Aurélien
A en given name, of mostly historical use in English.

Auriga /ɔːˈɹaɪɡə/ pn
Cocher
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a charioteer. It includes the star Capella.

Aurora pn
Aurore
(Roman god) Roman goddess of the dawn; equivalent of the Greek Eos. Sister of Luna and Sol.
A en given name, in regular use since the 19th century.

Aurès pn
Aurès

Auschwitz /ˈaʊʃ.vɪts/ /ˈaʊʃ.wɪts/ pn
Auschwitz Oświęcim
A former concentration camp in what is now Poland; used metonymically for Nazi evil, the Holocaust.

Auslan pn
langue des signes australienne
The sign language of the Australian deaf community.

Ausonius pn
Ausone
Decimus Magnus Ausonius, a 4th-century Roman poet.

Austenian /ɔsˈtini.ən/ /ɔːsˈtiːnɪ.ən/ more Austenian most Austenian adj
austenien
Of or relating to Jane Austen (1775–1817), English novelist noted for realism and biting social commentary.

Austerlitz /ˈaʊstəlɪts/ /ˈaʊstɚlɪts/ /ˈɔstɚlɪts/ /ˈɔːstəlɪts/ pn
Austerlitz
, Czech Republic. The site of Napoleon's victory over the combined Russian and Austrian armies in 1805.

Austin /ˈɑstɪn/ /ˈɒstɪn/ /ˈɔstɪn/ pn
Austin
A en given name, of Anglo-Norman origin.
An English surname originating as a patronymic from the given name.
A former make of British motor car, named for founder Herbert Austin.

Austinian more Austinian most Austinian adj
austinien

Australasia /ˌɒstɹ(ə)lˈeɪʒə/ /ˌɔstɹl̩ˈæɪʒɐ/ pn
Australasie
Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and neighbouring islands.

Australia /-ɹe.jə/ /-ɹeɪl-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ə/ /ɒˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ə/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.jə/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪ.lɪ.ə/ /əˈstɹeɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.jə/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ə/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jə/ /əˈstɹɛ.liː.ə/ pn
Australie
(geology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. New Guinea and the intervening islands are also on the Australian tectonic plate and are thus geologically considered part of the continent.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹeɪ(l)-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ adj
australien Australien
Of, from, or pertaining to Australia, the Australian people or Australian languages.

Australian /-ɹejə/ /-ɹeɪ(l)-/ /-ɹɛl-/ /ɑˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɑˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.li.jən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪ.liː.ən/ /ɒˈstɹeɪljən/ /ɔˈstɹɛ.li.ən/ /ɔˈstɹɛl.jən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪjən/ /ɔːˈstɹeɪlɪən/ /əˈstɹeɪljən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.liː.ən/ /əˈstɹæɪ.ljən/ /əˈstɹæɪl.jən/ /əˈstɹɛliːən/ Australians n
Australien Australienne
A person from the country of Australia or of Australian descent.

Australian Capital Territory pn
Territoire de la Capitale australienne
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Australian Shepherd Australian Shepherds n
berger australien
A type of herding dog originating in areas around and in California.

Australian cattle dog Australian cattle dogs n
bouvier australien
A breed of herding dog bred in Australia for controlling cattle; varieties include the Queensland heeler, blue heeler and red heeler.

Australian dollar Australian dollars n
dollar australien
The official currency of Australia.

Australian magpie Australian magpies n
cassican flûteur
A species of magpie-like black-and-white passerine bird native to Australia and southern New Guinea, Gymnorhina tibicen, and introduced to New Zealand, Fiji, and the Solomon Islands.

Australian rules football n
football australien
A variety of football devised in Australia, played on an oval field with an oval ball that players try to kick between the goalposts or between a central and outer post.

Australian white ibis Australian white ibis Australian white ibises n
bis à cou noir
Threskiornis molucca, a species of wading bird of the ibis family, Threskiornithidae, which is widespread across much of Australia and has a predominantly white plumage with a bare, black head, long downcurved bill and black legs.

Australianise /ɒˈstɹeɪljənaɪz/ v
australianiser

Austrasia /ɒˈstɹeɪ.ʒə/ /ɔˈstɹeɪ.ʒə/ pn
Austrasie
A northeastern region of the Kingdom of the Merovingian Franks, of which Metz was the capital.

Austria /ˈɑs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪə/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ə/ /ˈɔːs.tɹɪə/ pn
Autriche
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Austria-Hungary pn
Autriche-Hongrie
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Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ more Austrian most Austrian adj
autrichien
Of, from, or pertaining to Austria or its people.

Austrian /ˈɑ.stɹi.ən/ /ˈɒs.tɹi.ən/ /ˈɔs.tɹi.ən/ Austrians n
Autrichien Autrichienne
A person from Austria or of Austrian descent.

Austrian Netherlands pn
Pays-Bas Autrichiens

Austro-Hungarian adj
austro-hongrois
(historical) Of, from or pertaining to Austria-Hungary.

Austro-Hungarian Austro-Hungarians n
Austro-Hongrois Austro-Hongroise
(historical) A person from Austria-Hungary.

Austroasiatic more Austroasiatic most Austroasiatic adj
austroasiatique

Austrofascism n
austrofascisme
(historical) A fascist political movement in Austria between 1933 and 1938 until the country's annexation by Nazi Germany.

Austrofascist adj
austrofasciste

Austromarxism n
austromarxisme

Austromarxist adj
austromarxiste

Austronesia /ˌɒs.tɹəˈniː.ʒə/ pn
Austronésie
Those areas of the world, mostly in Southeast Asia and the Pacific but also including Madagascar, that are inhabited by speakers of Austronesian languages.

Auteuil pn
Auteuil
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Auvergne /əʊˈvɜː(ɹ)n/ pn
Auvergne
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Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes pn
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
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Auvergnese adj
auvergnat

Auvergnese Auvergnese n
Auvergnat

Av pn
Av
(Judaism) The eleventh month of the civil year and the fifth month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Tammuz and before Elul.

Avalon /ˈævəlɑn/ /ˈævəlɒn/ pn
Avalon
(Arthurian legend) An island, represented as an earthly paradise in the western seas, to which King Arthur and other heroes were carried at death.

Avar /ˈævɑɹ/ pn
avar
A North Caucasian language spoken mainly in Avaria (Republic of Daghestan) as its official language, and in parts of Azerbaijan.

Avdiivka /ɑːvˈdiːɪvkə/ /əvˈdiːɪvkə/ pn
Avdiïvka
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Avellino pn
Avellino
Province of Campania, Italy.
Town and capital of Avellino.

Aventine Hill pn
Aventin
one of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built

Averroes /əˈvɛɹəʊiːz/ pn
Averroès
An Andalusian polymath (1126–1198).

Averroism Averroisms n
averroïsme
(philosophy) The tenets of the Averroists, having to do with the doctrine of monopsychism.

Avestan /əˈvɛst(ə)n/ adj
avestique
Of or pertaining to Avesta or Avestan.

Avestan /əˈvɛst(ə)n/ pn
avestique
An ancient Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the sacred hymns and canon of the Zoroastrian Avesta.

Aveyron pn
Aveyron
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Avicenna /ˌævɪˈsɛnə/ pn
Avicenne
Persian polymath (c. 980–1037).

Avignon /ˈævɪnjɒn/ pn
Avignon
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Avogadro's number pn
constante d'Avogadro nombre d'Avogadro
(chemistry, physics) The number of atoms present in 12 grams of isotopically pure carbon-12, being 6.02214076 × 1023. By definition, the number of elementary entities (atoms or molecules) comprising one mole of a given substance.

Awadhi pn
awadhi
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in India and Nepal that is considered to be a part of the Eastern Hindi languages.

Awami League pn
Ligue Awami
(Bangladesh, _, politics) A major political party of Bangladesh and the former East Pakistan.

Axel /ˈæk.səl/ Axels pn
Axel
A en given name in quiet use since the 19th century.

Axial Age pn
période axiale ère axiale
(history) The age from about the 8th to the 3rd century BCE, during which broad changes in religious and philosophical thought occurred in a variety of locations.

Ayasoluk pn
Ayasoluk
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError near the ruins of ancient Ephesus.

Aylmer pn
Adhémar
(rare) A en given name.

Aymara /ˌaɪməˈɹɑː/ n
Aymara aymara
An indigenous people of South America.

Aymara /ˌaɪməˈɹɑː/ pn
aymara aimara
A language spoken in South America.

Ayurveda /aɪ.ɚˈveɪ.də/ /aɪ.ʊəˈveɪ.də/ n
ayurveda ayurvéda
Traditional Hindu alternative medicine, involving balancing three bodily humours of wind, bile, and phlegm.

Ayurvedic adj
ayurvédique
Pertaining to or characteristic of Ayurveda.

Ayyavazhi pn
Ayyavazhi
A henotheistic religion that originated in South India in the mid-nineteenth century.

Ayyubid adj
ayyoubide
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ayyubid dynasty: a Sunni Muslim dynasty of Kurdish origin founded by Saladin and centred in Egypt.

Azad Jammu and Kashmir pn
Azad Jammu et Cachemire
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Azawad pn
Azaouad
an unrecognised unilaterally declared de facto sovereign state in north-west Africa

Azawakh Azawakhs n
azawakh
A sighthound bred in Western Africa around Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso.

Azerbaijan /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌdʒɑːn/ /ə.ˈzɛː(ɹ).baɪˌʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈdʒɑːn/ /ˌæz.ə(ɹ).baɪˈʒɑːn/ pn
Azerbaïdjan
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Azerbaijan SSR pn
Rss d'Azerbaïdjan
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Azerbaijan while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1936–1991, name changed in 1990).

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ adj
azéri azerbaïdjanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Azerbaijan, the Azerbaijani people or the Azerbaijani language.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ Azerbaijanis n
Azéri Azerbaïdjanais
A person from Azerbaijan or of Azerbaijani descent.

Azerbaijani /ˌæzəbaɪˈdʒɑːni/ /ˌæzəɹbaɪˈd͡ʒɑːni/ pn
azéri azerbaïdjanais
The language of Azerbaijan.

Azerbaijanize v
azerbaïdjaniser

Aznavour /ˈæznəvʊə/ /ˌɑːznəˈvʊɚ/ pn
Aznavour
A French-Armenian surname.

Azorean adj
açoréen
of, from, or relating to, the Azores

Azorean Azoreans n
Açoréen
Someone from the Azores

Azores /əˈzɔːz/ /ˈeɪzɔːɹz/ pn
Açores
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Azrael /ˈæzɹeɪ.əl/ /ˈæzɹi.əl/ /ˈʌzɹɑːˌɛl/ pn
Azraël
The angel of death in Catholic and Orthodox Christianity, and in Islam.

Aztec /ˈæz.tɛk/ more Aztec most Aztec adj
aztèque
Of or pertaining to the Mexica people.

Aztec /ˈæz.tɛk/ Aztec Aztecs n
Aztèque
A Mexica.

Ağrı pn
Ağrı
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B /b/ /biː/ Bs n
o
A personality type of someone who is relaxed and easygoing and able to engage in leisure activities without worrying about work.
An academic grade, better than a C and worse than an A
Signifies a second-tier or second class of a given commodity, group, or category, as in B-movie, B-list, etc.
The alternate or secondary part, as the back side of a phonograph record. Contrasted with A, which is the primary part.
(immunology) A B cell.
si o
(music) The seventh note in the C major scale.

B /b/ /biː/ symbol
si o
(computing) byte

B language B languages n
langue B

B major n
si majeur
(music) The major key with B as its tonic, with the notes B, C♯, D♯, E, F♯, G♯, and A♯, the key signature of which has five sharps:
(music) The major chord with a root of B.

B minor n
si mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes B, C♯, D, E, F♯, G, A
(music) the minor chord with a root of B

B-flat n
si bémol
(music) The note one semitone below B, notated B♭.

B-flat major n
si bémol majeur
(music) The major key with B-flat as its tonic, with the notes B♭, C, D, E♭, F, G, and A, the key signature of which has two flats.

B-movie B-movies n
série B

B-tree B-trees n
arbre B
(computing) An indexed data structure suitable for storage of a large number of items in a balanced fashion, with very few disk accesses required for locating the correct record block.

BB phraseologicalUnit
MA
Initialism of best before.

BBC /biː biː siː/ pn
BBC
(preceded by “the”) Initialism of British Broadcasting Corporation.

BBS BBSes n
SBE Systeme Babillard Electronique
(telecommunications, Internet) Initialism of bulletin board system or bulletin board service.

BC adv
av. J.-C. av. JC av. n. è. avant notre ère
Initialism of Before Christ.

BCE adv
AEC av. è. c. AÈC av. n. è.
(chronology) Initialism of Before Common Era (Before the Common Era, before Common Era, before the Common Era), Before Current Era (Before the Current Era, before current era, before the current era), or before Christian Era.

BCG BCGs n
BCG
(medicine) Initialism of Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (“Bacille Calmette-Guérin”)., a vaccine for tuberculosis developed by Albert Calmette and Camille Guérin

BDSM n
BDSM
Sexual or non-sexual practices or activities involving bondage, discipline, sadism, masochism, or acts of domination and submission.

BIP BIPs n
BIP
blunt impact projectile

BL Lac object BL Lac objects n
objet BL Lacertae
(astronomy) a type of active galaxy with an active galactic nucleus (AGN), named after its prototype, BL Lacertae

BMI BMIs n
IMC
Initialism of body mass index.

BMW pn
BMW
a manufacturer of motor vehicles (Bayerische Motoren-Werke (Bavarian Motor Works)).

BRIC pn
BRIC
(politics, economics) Initialism of Brazil, Russia, India and China: a group of countries with similarly fast-growing economies.

BRT n
BHNS SRB
(transportation) Initialism of bus rapid transit.

BZD BZDs n
BZD
(pharmaceutical drug)

Baalbek pn
Baalbeck
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Baathism /bəˈʔɑːθɪzəm/ /ˈbɑːθɪzəm/ n
baasisme
(politics) An Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government.

Baathist /ˈbɑːθɪst/ more Baathist most Baathist adj
baasiste

Bab el Mandeb /ˈbɑːb ɛl ˈmændɛb/ /ˈbɑːb ɛl ˈmɑndɛb/ pn
Bab-el-Mandeb
a strait connecting the Red Sea to the Gulf of Aden

Baba Yaga /ˌbɑːbə ˈjɑːɡə/ pn
Baba Yaga
(Slavic mythology) In Russian, Finno-Ugric, Polish and Bulgarian tales, a hag who lives in a hut standing on chicken legs and who flies through the air in a mortar, using the pestle as a rudder. She behaves ambivalently and may be either amiable or hostile.

Babelic adj
babélique

Babism n
babisme foi babie
The doctrine of a pantheistical religious sect, founded in Persia in 1844 by Mirza Ali Mohammed ibn Rabhik (1820-1850), who assumed the title of Bab-ed-Din ("Gate of the Faith"). It combines Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Parsi elements, and forbids concubinage, polygamy, mendicancy, slave-dealing, and the use of intoxicating liquors and drugs. Precursor to the Baháʼí Faith.

Babist Babists n
babi babie
A believer in Babism.

Babuza pn
babuza
A Formosan language of the Babuza and Taokas indigenous peoples of Taiwan, related to or perhaps descended from Favorlang.

Babylon /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɑn/ /ˈbæb.ɪ.lɒn/ pn
Babylone
Any city of great wealth, luxury and vice.

Babylonia /ˌbæbɪˈloʊni.ə/ /ˌbæbɪˈləʊnɪə/ pn
Babylonie Babylone
(historical) The realm of Babylon in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq), the Babylonian Empire.

Babylonian adj
babylonien
(historical) Pertaining to the city of Babylon, or the Babylonian Empire. [from 16th c.]

Babylonian Talmud pn
Talmud de Babylone
The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the Babylonian exile.

Baccarin Baccarins pn
Baccarin

Bacchanalia /ˌbækəˈneɪli.ə/ n
bacchanales
(Greek mythology) A feast or an orgy in honor of Bacchus.

Bacchus /ˈbækəs/ pn
Bacchus
(Roman god) Dionysus, the Greek god of wine and vivid social gatherings.

Bach /bɑːk/ /bɑːx/ pn
Bach
(music) Johann Sebastian Bach, a German organist and composer.

Bachelor of Arts Bachelors of Arts n
baccalauréat universitaire ès lettres
A collegiate degree, usually involving three to four years of study (about 120 semester hours) in liberal arts.

Bacolod /bɑˈkɔləd/ /bɑːˈkɔːləd/ pn
Bacolod
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Baconian /bəˈkəʊn.ɪən/ more Baconian most Baconian adj
baconien
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to Francis Bacon (1561-1626), English statesman and polymath, or his writings.

Bactria /ˈbæktɹɪə/ pn
Bactriane Bactrie
The ancient Greek name of the country between the range of the Hindu Kush and the Amu Darya in the Middle East, encompassing parts of northern Afghanistan, eastern Turkmenistan, southern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and northern Pakistan.

Bactrian camel /ˈbæktɹɪən ˈkæməl/ Bactrian camels n
chameau de Bactriane
The camel with two humps, Camelus bactrianus, native to the steppes of Asia.

Badakhshan pn
Badakhchan
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Badalona /ˌbædəˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑːdəˈloʊnə/ pn
Badalone Badalona
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Baden /ˈbɑːdən/ pn
Bade
(historical) Its former county and canton.

Baden-Württemberg /ˌbɑːdən ˈvɜː(ɹ)təmbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Bade-Wurtemberg
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Baekje pn
Baekje
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Baetic adj
bétique

Baffin Bay pn
baie de Baffin mer de Baffin
A sea between Greenland and Nunavut.

Baffin Island pn
Terre de Baffin île de Baffin
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Bafut pn
bafut fut
The Eastern Grassfields language spoken in Cameroon.

Baghdad /bæɡˈdæd/ /ˈbæɡdæd/ pn
Bagdad
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Baghdadi adj
bagdadi bagdadien bagdadois
Of, from, or pertaining to, Baghdad.

Baghdadi Baghdadis n
Bagdadi Bagdadie Bagdadien Bagdadienne Bagdadois Bagdadoise
Someone from Baghdad.

Bagnères-de-Luchon pn
Bagnères-de-Luchon
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Baguio /ˈbæɡioʊ/ /ˈbɑːɡioʊ/ pn
Baguio
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Bahamas /bəˈhɑː.məz/ pn
Bahamas
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Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ more Bahamian most Bahamian adj
bahamien bahaméen
Of, from, or pertaining to the Bahamas, or the Bahamian people.

Bahamian /bəˈheɪm.ɪən/ Bahamians n
Bahaméen Bahamien
A person from the Bahamas or of Bahamian descent.

Bahia /bɒˈiːə/ /bəˈhiːə/ pn
Bahia
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Bahian adj
bahianais

Bahian Bahians n
Bahianais

Bahnar pn
Bahnar
A people in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.
Bahnar bahnar
The Bahnaric language spoken by this people.

Bahnaric adj
bahnarique bahnariques

Bahrain /bɑː(h)ˈɹeɪn/ pn
Bahreïn Bahrayn
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Bahraini adj
bahreïni
Of, from, or pertaining to Bahrain or the Bahraini people.

Bahraini Bahrainis n
Bahreïnien Bahreïni Bahreïnienne Bahreïnie Bahreïnite
A person from Bahrain or of Bahraini descent.

Baháʼí /bəˈhɑː.i/ Baháʼís n
bahaï bahaïe
a follower of the Baháʼí Faith.

Baháʼí Faith pn
bahaïsme béhaïsme foi baháʼíe
A religious movement founded by Baháʼu'lláh, which draws on the Kitáb-i-Aqdas and other Baháʼí texts.

Baikal /baɪ.ˈkæl/ /ˌbaɪ.ˈkɑːl/ pn
Baïkal lac Baïkal
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Baikonur /ˌbaɪ.kəˈnɪɚ/ pn
Baïkonour
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Baird's sandpiper Baird's sandpipers n
bécasseau de Baird
A type of sandpiper, Calidris bairdii.

Baja California /ˈbɑː.hɑː ˌkælɪˈfɔː(ɹ)n.jə/ pn
Basse Californie Basse-Californie
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Baja California Sur pn
Basse-Californie du Sud
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Bajocian pn
Bajocien

Bakelite /ˈbeɪk.ə.laɪt/ n
Bakélite
A heat-resisting chemically inert phenol formaldehyde resin (an early thermosetting plastic).

Baker pn
Boulanger
An English surname originating as an occupation for a baker, or owner of a communal oven

Bakhmut /bɑkˈmut/ /bɑxˈmut/ pn
Bakhmout
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Baku /bɑːˈkuː/ /ˈbækuː/ pn
Bakou
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Bakuninism n
bakouninisme bakounisme
Support for Mikhail Bakunin respectively his propositions.

Bakuninist more Bakuninist most Bakuninist adj
bakouninien
Relating to, or supporting the revolutionary anarchism of Mikhail Bakunin

Bakuninist Bakuninists n
bakouniniste bakouniste
A supporter of Mikhail Bakunin respectively his propositions.

Bakuvian more Bakuvian most Bakuvian adj
bakinois
Of or relating to Baku.

Bakuvian Bakuvians n
Bakinois Bakinoise
An inhabitant or native of Baku.

Balachka pn
balatchka
The dialects spoken by Cossacks living in Russia, heavily influenced by Ukrainian dialects but features akanye, like standard and central Russian.

Balazeikin Balazeikins pn
Balazeïkine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Балазейкин (Balazejkin)

Baldwin /ˈbɔːldwɪn/ Baldwins pn
Baudouin
(countable) A en given name; rather rare in English.

Balearian Balearians n
Baléare

Balearic /bæliˈæɹɪk/ adj
baléarique
From, or pertaining to, the Balearic Islands.

Balearic Islands pn
Baléares îles Baléares Îles Baléares
A group of Mediterranean islands of the east coast of Spain, formed by Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, and Formentera.

Bali /ˈbɑːli/ pn
Bali
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Balinese /ˈbɑːlɪniːz/ adj
balinais
Of or relating to Bali, its inhabitants, or their language or culture.

Balinese /ˈbɑːlɪniːz/ Balinese n
balinais
(uncountable) The language of Bali.
A long-haired domestic cat breed.
Balinais
A native or inhabitant of Bali.

Balinesian adj
Balinais
of Bali, Balinese

Balkan /ˈbɑlkən/ /ˈbɒlkən/ /ˈbɔlkən/ /ˈbɔːlkən/ adj
balkanique
Of or relating to the Balkan Peninsula

Balkanization /ˌbɑl.kən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌbɔːl.kən.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Balkanizations n
balkanisation
(historical, chiefly, political science) The fragmentation of a geopolitical region into several small states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other.
(by extension, informal) Any disintegration or fragmentation process.

Balkanize v
balkaniser
(transitive) To break up into small, mutually-hostile units, especially on a political basis.

Balkans /ˈbɑl.kənz/ /ˈbɒl.kənz/ /ˈbɔl.kənz/ /ˈbɔːl.kənz/ pn
Balkans
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Balochi pn
baloutche
A Northwestern Iranian language spoken mainly in SW Pakistan (80% of speakers), SE Iran and S Afghanistan. SIL standard divides Balochi into three related languages, Eastern Balochi, Southern Balochi and Western Balochi.

Balochistan pn
Baloutchistan
A region on the Iranian plateau in south-western Asia, northwest of the Arabian Sea, dominated by desert and mountains, composed of southwestern Pakistan, southeastern Iran and a very small section of southwestern Afghanistan; inhabited by the Baloch people.

Balt [bɑlt] [bɔːlt] Balts n
Balte
(rare) An inhabitant of one of the modern Baltic states: Lithuania, Latvia or Estonia.

Balthazar /bælˈθeɪzə/ /bælˈθeɪzɚ/ /ˈbælθəˌzɔɹ/ pn
Balthazar
(biblical, historical) a Babylonian king mentioned in the Book of Daniel.

Baltic /ˈbɑl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔl.tɪk/ /ˈbɔːl.tɪk/ more Baltic most Baltic adj
baltique
Of or pertaining to the Baltic region or the Baltic Sea.
Of or pertaining to the Balts (the Baltic peoples).

Baltic Sea pn
mer Baltique Baltique
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Baltic herring Baltic herrings n
hareng de la Baltique
A subspecies of Atlantic herring, (Clupea harengus membras), living in the Baltic Sea, smaller than Atlantic herring, with leaner flesh.

Balto-Slavic adj
balto-slave
Of or pertaining to the Balto-Slavic language, the people who spoke it or their culture.

Balzac pn
Balzac
A surname from French.

Balzacian /balˈzakɪ.ən/ /bælˈzæki.ən/ /bɔlˈzæki.ən/ more Balzacian most Balzacian adj
balzacien
Of or pertaining to the French novelist Honoré de Balzac (1799–1850) or his writings.

Bambara /-ɑ/ /bɑmˈbɑɹ.ə/ pn
bambara
A West Sudanic language spoken mainly in Mali by as many as six million people, and by smaller numbers of people in Senegal Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, and Gambia.

Bamboo Curtain pn
Rideau de bambou
(historical) The political and ideological barrier between the communist and capitalist states of Asia during the Cold War.

Banach space Banach spaces n
espace de Banach
(functional analysis) A normed vector space which is complete with respect to the norm, meaning that Cauchy sequences have well-defined limits that are points in the space.

Banat pn
Banat

Banbury story of a cock and a bull /ˈbænb(ə)ɹi ˈstɔːɹi əv ə ˈkɑk ənd ə ˈbʊl/ /ˈbænbɹi ˈstɔːɹi əv ə ˈkɒk ənd ə ˈbʊl/ Banbury stories of a cock and a bull n
une histoire sans queue ni tête
(idiomatic, obsolete, slang, Britain) A roundabout, nonsensical story. [from about late 17th c. to early 19th c.]

Bandar Seri Begawan /ˌbɑːndəɹ sɪˌɹiː bɪˈɡaʊ.ən/ pn
Bandar Seri Begawan
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Banff /ˈbænf/ pn
Banff
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Bangalore /ˈbæŋ.ɡə.loɹ/ /ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈloɹ/ /ˌbæŋ.ɡəˈlɔː/ pn
Bangalore Bengaluru
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Bangka Belitung Islands pn
Îles Bangka Belitung
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Bangkok /bæŋˈkɒk/ pn
Bangkok
(metonymy) The government of Thailand.

Bangkokian adj
bangkokien

Bangkokian Bangkokians n
Bangkokien

Bangla-centric more Bangla-centric most Bangla-centric adj
banglacentriste
Emphasizing the Bengalis, their culture or what is in their language.

Bangladesh /ˌbæŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ /ˌbɑːŋ.ɡlə.ˈdɛʃ/ pn
Bangladesh
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Bangladeshi Bangladeshis n
Bangladais Bangladeshi
A native or inhabitant of Bangladesh or person of Bangladeshi descent.

Banglaphone adj
banglaphone
Bengali-speaking.

Banglaphone Banglaphones n
banglaphone
One who speaks Bengali.

Bangui /bɑːŋˈɡiː/ /ˈbɑːŋɡi/ pn
Bangui
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Bankass pn
Bankass
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Banqiao /ˌbɑːnˈt͡ʃjaʊ/ pn
Panchiao
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Banteay Meanchey pn
Banteay Meanchey
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Baphomet /ˈbæfəmɛt/ pn
Baphomet
A deity which medieval Christians mistakenly imagined that the Knights Templar worshipped, and which figures into some modern occultist and Satanic religions.

Baphometic more Baphometic most Baphometic adj
baphométique

Baptist /ˈbæbdəs/ /ˈbæbdɪs(t)/ /ˈbæbtɪst/ /ˈbæptɪst/ more Baptist most Baptist adj
baptiste
Of, relating to, or adhering to the Baptist religious denomination.

Baptist /ˈbæbdəs/ /ˈbæbdɪs(t)/ /ˈbæbtɪst/ /ˈbæptɪst/ Baptists n
baptiste
An adherent of a Protestant denomination (or various subdenominations) of Christianity, which believes in the baptism of believers (sometimes only adults), as opposed to the baptism of infants.

Barbadian /bɑɹˈbeɪdi.ən/ /bɑːˈbeɪdi.ən/ adj
barbadien
Of, from, or relating to Barbados or the people of Barbados.

Barbadian /bɑɹˈbeɪdi.ən/ /bɑːˈbeɪdi.ən/ Barbadians n
Barbadien Barbadienne
A person from Barbados or descended from a person from Barbados.

Barbados /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊs/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.doʊz/ /bɑɹˈbeɪ.dəs/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.dɒs/ pn
Barbade
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Barbara /ˈbɑɹb(ə)ɹə/ /ˈbɑːb(ə)ɹə/ Barbaras pn
Barbara Barbe
A en given name.

Barbary /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹi/ pn
Berbérie
(historical) The Mediterranean coastal areas of North Africa that were used as a base by pirates in the 16th to 19th centuries.

Barbary lion Barbary lions n
lion de barbarie lion de l'Atlas
(zoology) Any of the North African population, now extinct in the wild, of the lion subspecies Panthera leo leo.

Barbie /ˈbɑɹbi/ /ˈbɑːbi/ Barbies n
Barbie
A tall, slender female fashion doll.

Barcelona /ˌbɑɹsəˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑɹsɪˈloʊnə/ /ˌbɑːsəˈləʊnə/ pn
Barcelone
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Barcelonian adj
barcelonais
From Barcelona or otherwise related to the city of Barcelona.

Barcelonian Barcelonians n
Barcelonais Barcelonaise
Someone from Barcelona

Bardet-Biedl syndrome pn
syndrome de Bardet-Biedl

Barents Sea /ˈbæɹənts ˈsi/ /ˈbɛəɹənts ˈsi/ pn
mer de Barents
A part of the Arctic Ocean located north of Norway and northwestern Russia.

Barham and Woolley pn
Barham and Woolley

Bari pn
Bari
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A surname.

Barksian /ˈbɑɹksi.ən/ /ˈbɑːksɪ.ən/ more Barksian most Barksian adj
barksien

Barnabas /ˈbɑɹnəbəs/ pn
Barnabé
(biblical character) An early Christian, one of the earliest Christian disciples in Jerusalem

Barnabite Barnabites n
barnabite

Barnaul pn
Barnaoul
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Barolo /bɑˈɹoʊloʊ/ /bəˈɹoʊloʊ/ /bəˈɹəʊləʊ/ Barolos n
barolo
A full-bodied Piedmontese red wine made from Nebbiolo grapes.

Baroque guitar Baroque guitars n
guitare baroque guitare à cinq chœurs
An archaic form of guitar with five strings, originating in the Baroque era, played by either strumming or plucking, and characterized by the use of reentrant tuning.

Barrèsian more Barrèsian most Barrèsian adj
barrésien

Barthesian more Barthesian most Barthesian adj
barthésien
Of or relating to Roland Barthes (1915–1980), French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and semiotician who influenced the development of schools of theory including structuralism, semiotics, social theory, anthropology and poststructuralism.

Bartholomew /bɑɹˈtɑləmi/ /bɑɹˈθɑləmju/ /bɑːˈθɒləmjuː/ Bartholomews pn
Barthélemy Barthélémy
An Apostle, identified with Nathanael. (biblical character)
A en given name of biblical origin.

Bartonian pn
Bartonien

Baruch /bəˈrux/ /ˈbä rəx/ /ˈbɑr.ux/ /ˈbɛ rəx/ pn
Baruch
(biblical character) Any of a number of Old Testament men, including the scribe and companion of Jeremiah.
A book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.
A en given name.

Bas-Rhin pn
Bas-Rhin
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Basel /ˈbɑːzəl/ pn
Bâle
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Basel-Landschaft /ˈbɑːzəɫ ˈlændʃæft/ pn
Bâle-Campagne
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Basel-Stadt pn
Bâle-Ville
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Basenji /bəˈsɛnd͡ʒi/ Basenjis n
basenji
(zoology) A hunting dog of a particular African breed.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ adj
bachkir bachkire bachkires bachkirs
Of or pertaining to a certain Turkic ethnic group that lives mostly in the Russian republic of Bashkortostan.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ Bashkirs n
bachkir bachkire bachkires bachkirs
A Bashkir person; a member of the Bashkir ethnic group.

Bashkir /bæʃˈkɪə/ /bɑːʃˈkɪɚ/ pn
bachkir
A Turkic language with many dialects, spoken in parts of Russia, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan.

Bashkortostan [baʃˈko̞ː(ɹ)təʉ̯stæn] [bɑʃˈkɔɹtoə̯stɛən] pn
Bachkirie
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Basil /ˈbæz.əl/ pn
Basile
A en given name, in quiet but steady use in the UK.

Basilicata pn
Basilicate
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Basler /ˈbæzlɚ/ /ˈbɑːzlɚ/ Baslers n
Bâlois Bâloise
Someone from Basel, Switzerland.

Basmachi pn
basmatchi
(historical) A rebel against the Russian or Soviet rule in Central Asia, mainly of Turkic people.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ adj
basque basquaise
Relating to the Basque people or their language.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ Basques n
Basque Basquais Basquaise
A member of a cultural and ethnic people living in the western Pyrenees and the Bay of Biscay between France and Spain.

Basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ pn
basque Basque
The language of the Basque people.

Basque Country pn
Pays basque
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The region where the Basque language is spoken.
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Basque Shepherd Dog Basque Shepherd Dogs n
berger basque
A herding dog bred in the Basque regions of Northern Spain and Southern France

Basque pelota n
pelote basque

Basra pn
Bassorah
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Bass Strait pn
détroit de Bass
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Bassatne Bassatnes pn
Bassatne

Basse-Terre /bæsˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Basse-Terre
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Basses-Alpes pn
Basses-Alpes

Basses-Pyrénées n
Basses-Pyrénées

Basseterre /bæsˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Basseterre
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Bastia /bɑːˈstiːə/ /ˈbæstiə/ /ˈbɑːstiə/ /ˈbɑːstjə/ pn
Bastia
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Bastian /ˈbæsti.ən/ /ˈbæst͡ʃən/ adj
Bastien
Of or relating to the city of Bastia, Corsica, France.

Bastille /bæˈstil/ /bæˈstiːl/ /bɑː-/ /ˈbæstɪl/ /ˈbɑː-/ [bæˈstɪəɫ] pn
Bastille
A former fortress and prison in Paris, France, the storming of which in 1789 began the French Revolution.

Bastille Day pn
Fête Nationale
The French national holiday celebrated on 14 July each year. It commemorates the 1790 Fête de la Fédération, held on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille on 14 July 1789; the Fête de la Fédération was seen as a symbol of the uprising of the modern French "nation".

Bastogne pn
Bastogne
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Bataan /batɑːˈʔɑːn/ /baˈtɑːn/ /bætɑˈʔɑn/ /bæˈtɑn/ /bɐtɐˈʔan/ pn
Bataan
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Bataillean more Bataillean most Bataillean adj
bataillien

Batangas /bɑˈtæŋɡæs/ pn
Batangas
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Batavian more Batavian most Batavian adj
batavien betawi
Pertaining to a member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.

Batavian Batavians n
batavien betawi
A member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.

Batavophone Batavophones n
néerlandophone
(rare) A Dutch speaker; a person who speaks the Dutch language.

Batesian mimicry n
mimétisme de Bates
(biology) The resemblance of one or more non-poisonous species to a poisonous species, for example, the scarlet king snake and the coral snake.

Bathonian pn
Bathonien

Bathsheba /bæθˈʃiːbə/ pn
Bethsabée
In the Old Testament, the wife of Uriah and later of David. (biblical character)
(uncommon) A en given name of biblical origin.

Batken /bætˈkɛn/ pn
Batken
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Batman /ˈbæt.mæn/ Batmans Batmen pn
Batman
A fictional hero and the main protagonist of DC Comics, noted for his intellect and stealth, who uses a bat-themed costume and equipment (including a belt with an array of utilities) and is assisted by his sidekick Robin.

Batna pn
Batna
A city and commune in Batna Province, northeastern Algeria.

Baton Rouge /ˌbætən ˈɹuːʒ/ [̩bʰæ.ʔn̩ ˈɹuːʒ] pn
Baton Rouge Bâton-Rouge Bâton Rouge
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Bats pn
Bats
A Northeast Caucasian language of the Nakh family, spoken in Georgia.
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Battle of Britain pn
bataille d'Angleterre
(historical) A series of air engagements between the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and the German Luftwaffe during World War II for air superiority over southern England and the English Channel prior to any German invasion of the British Isles.

Battle of Quebec pn
Bataille de Québec
Bataille du Québec

Baudelairean /ˌboʊdəˈlɛɹi.ən/ /ˌbəʊd(ə)ˈlɛəɹɪ.ən/ more Baudelairean most Baudelairean adj
baudelairien
Of or pertaining to Charles Pierre Baudelaire (1821–1867), French poet, critic, and translator, or to his works.

Baumé Baumés n
baumé
A type of densimeter, developed by French pharmacist A. Baumé (1724-1804)

Bavaria /bəˈveəɹɪə/ pn
Bavière
The kingdom of Bavaria.
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation, which includes the historical Bavaria and parts of Swabia and Franconia.

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ more Bavarian most Bavarian adj
bavarois Bavarois
Of or pertaining to Bavaria

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ Bavarians n
Bavarois Bavaroise
A person from Bavaria or of Bavarian descent.

Bavarian /bəˈvɛəɹɪən/ pn
bavarois
A German dialect spoken in Bavaria (a state of southern West Germany) and Austria, which varies considerably across different regions.

Bay pn
La Baie

Bay of Bengal pn
golfe du Bengale
A sea that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean.

Bay of Biscay pn
golfe de Gascogne
a gulf of the North Atlantic Ocean along the western coast of France from Brest south to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, named for the Spanish province of Biscay

Bay of Fundy pn
Baie de Fundy baie de Fundy

Bay of Pigs pn
baie des Cochons
A small inlet on the southern side of Cuba, site of a famous failed invasion in 1961.

Bayesian /ˈbeɪziən/ /ˈbeɪʒən/ more Bayesian most Bayesian adj
bayésien
Of or pertaining to Thomas Bayes, English mathematician.

Bayeux /baɪˈjuː/ /baɪˈjɜː/ pn
Bayeux
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Bayonne pn
Bayonne
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Bayraktar Bayraktars n
Bayraktar
Ellipsis of w:Bayraktar UAV, being any one of the combat drones from the family of the same name designed and manufactured by the Turkish company Baykar.

Bačka /ˈbɑːt͡ʃ.kə/ pn
Bačka
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Bea /biː/ /ˈbeɪ.ə/ pn
Béa
A diminutive of the en given name Beatrice

Bear Island pn
Île aux Ours
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Beast pn
Bête
(biblical) A figure in the Book of Revelation (Apocalypse), often identified with Satan or the Antichrist.

Beatlemania n
Beatlemania
Intense fanatical enthusiasm for The Beatles.

Beatles /ˈbiːtl̩z/ [ˈbiːɾɫ̩z] pn
Beatles
An extremely successful and influential British rock music quartet that operated primarily in the 1960s.

Beatrice /beəˈtɹɪs/ /biˈætrɪs/ /ˈbiː(ə)tɹɪs/ pn
Béatrice
A en given name.

Beauceron /ˈboʊsəˌɹoʊn/ /ˈboʊsəˌɹɑn/ /ˈbəʊsəˌɹɒn/ Beaucerons n
berger beauceron berger de Beauce
A large dog bred in Northern France for herding and guarding.

Beauchemin Beauchemins pn
Beauchemin

Beaudoin Beaudoins pn
Beaudoin

Beaufort scale pn
échelle de Beaufort
(nautical) An empirical measure for the intensity of the wind based mainly on the state of the sea or wave conditions.

Beaulieu /ˈbjuːli/ Beaulieus pn
Beaulieu
A surname from French.

Beaumes-de-Venise pn
Beaumes-de-Venise
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Beaumont /ˈboʊ.mɑnt/ /ˈbəʊ.mɒnt/ pn
Beaumont
An English placename for any of various places, derived from the French placename or surname.
A surname from Anglo-Norman.

Beauregard /ˈboʊɹəɡɑɹd/ pn
Beauregard
A surname from French.
A placename

Bebel /ˈbeɪbəl/ pn
Bebel
A surname from German.

Bechuanaland /ˌbɛt͡ʃuˈɑːnəlænd/ pn
Protectorat du Bechuanaland
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Beckettian more Beckettian most Beckettian adj
beckettien
Of or pertaining to the novelist and playwright Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) or his writings, noted for their bleak outlook and minimalism.

Bedard Bedards pn
Bédard

Bedlington terrier Bedlington terriers n
Bedlington terrier
A small terrier of a breed resembling lambs.

Beelzebub /biːˈɛlzɪbʌb/ /ˈbilzɪbʌb/ pn
Belzébuth
(Christianity) Satan, the Devil.

Beetewk Beetewks n
bitugue cheval de Voronej
A type of Russian heavy draft horse, originally from Voronezh guberniya on the Bityug river.

Beethovenian /ˌbeɪt(h)əʊˈviːnɪən/ /ˌbeɪtoʊˈvini.ən/ more Beethovenian most Beethovenian adj
beethovenien beethovénien
Of or pertaining to Ludwig van Beethoven, in particular his style of music.

Beetle Beetles n
Coccinelle
(UK, Australia, NZ) A small car, the Volkswagen Beetle (original version made 1938–2003, similar models made 1997–2010 and since 2011).

Beghard /bəˈɡɑːɹd/ Beghards n
bégard
(historical) One of an association of religious laymen living in semimonastic communities in imitation of the Beguines, and influenced by Albigensian teachings and by the Brethren of the Free Spirit.

Beguine /beɪˈɡiːn/ Beguines n
béguin béguine

Beijing /beɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /beɪˈʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ pn
Pékin Beijing
(metonymy) The government of the People's Republic of China. [from late 20th c.]

Beijinger /beɪˈdʒɪŋə(ɹ)/ Beijingers n
Pékinais Pékinaise Pékinois Pékinoise
A native or inhabitant of Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China.

Beirut /beɪˈɹuːt/ pn
Beyrouth
The drinking game of beer pong.

Beiruti /beɪˈɹuːti/ more Beiruti most Beiruti adj
beyrouthin
Of or pertaining to Beirut.

Beiruti /beɪˈɹuːti/ Beirutis n
Beyrouthin Beyrouthine
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Beirut.

Bejaia /bɪ.ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ə/ pn
Bougie Béjaïa
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Bel Paese /ˌbɛl pɑˈeɪzi/ /ˌbɛl pɑːˈeɪzeɪ/ /ˌbɛl pɑːˈeɪzɪ/ n
Bel Paese
A soft, mild, creamy Italian cheese shaped in small disks and produced from cow's milk, originally from Lombardy.

Belainsky pn
Belainsky
A surname from French.; Synonym of Belansky

Beland Belands pn
Beland
A surname from French.

Belansky pn
Belansky

Belarus /ˈbɛ.lɑ.ɹus/ /ˈbɛləɹuːs/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹus/ /ˌbɛ.ləˈɹuːs/ pn
Biélorussie Bélarus Russie blanche
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Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ adj
biélorusse Biélorusse
Of, from, or pertaining to Belarus, the Belarusian people.

Belarusian /ˌbɛləˈɹuːsi.ən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʃən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹuːʒən/ /ˌbɛləˈɹʌʃən/ Belarusians n
biélorusse Biélorusse
(uncountable) The Slavic language spoken in Belarus (formerly called White Ruthenia or White Russia).
Biélorusse biélorusse
(countable) A citizen of Belarus.

Belarusian People's Republic pn
République populaire biélorusse
The first state of Belarus (1918–19). Government in exile (1919 - current)

Belarusophone adj
biélorussophone
Speaking Belarusian.

Belfast /ˈbɛl.fæst/ /ˈbɛl.fɑːst/ pn
Belfast
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Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] more Belgian most Belgian adj
belge Belge
Of, from, or pertaining to Belgium or the Belgian people.

Belgian /ˈbɛl.d͡ʒən/ [ˈbɛl.ɡi.ən] Belgians n
Belge belge
A person from Belgium or of Belgian descent.

Belgian Congo pn
Congo belge
(historical) A Belgian colony in Africa, the successor to King Leopold II of Belgium's Congo Free State and predecessor of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [from 1908 to 1960]

Belgian Groenendael n
chien de berger belge groenendael
The long-haired black variant of the Belgian Sheepdog.

Belgian Laekenois n
chien de berger belge laekenois
One of four variants of the Belgian Sheepdog.

Belgian Limburg pn
Limbourg belge

Belgian Malinois n
chien de berger belge malinois
One of four variants of the Belgian Sheepdog.

Belgian Sheepdog Belgian Sheepdogs n
berger belge
One of four variants of sheep herding dog bred in Belgium.

Belgian Tervuren n
chien de berger belge tervueren
One of four variants of the Belgian Sheepdog.

Belgian chocolate Belgian chocolates n
praline
A style of high-quality chocolate originating from Belgium, but now produced worldwide.

Belgian franc Belgian francs n
franc belge

Belgicism Belgicisms n
belgicanisme
(politics) The political ideology which supports the political and economic union of Belgium; Belgian nationalism.
belgicisme
(linguistics) A Dutch word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the Dutch spoken in the Netherlands.
(linguistics) A French word or phrase of Belgian origin, typically never or rarely present in the French spoken in France.

Belgium /ˈbɛld͡ʒəm/ Belgiums pn
Belgique
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Belgo- prefix
belgo-
Belgian; of or pertaining to Belgium or its people.

Belgorod /ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɑd/ /ˈbɛl.ɡəˌɹɒd/ pn
Belgorod
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Belgrade /ˈbɛlɡɹeɪd/ pn
Belgrade
(metonym) The Serbian or Yugoslav government.

Belgradian Belgradians n
Belgradois Belgradoise
Someone from Belgrade.

Belial /bəˈlaɪ.əl/ /ˈbiːl.jəl/ /ˈbiːli.əl/ pn
Bélial
(mythological creatures) A wicked demon in Christian and Jewish apocrypha.

Belisarius pn
Bélisaire
(history) a general of the Byzantine Empire, who was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project of reconquering much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman Empire, which had been lost less than a century previously

Belize /beɪlˈiːz/ /bəˈliːz/ /bɛlˈiːz/ pn
Belize
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Belizean adj
bélizien
Of, from, or pertaining to Belize, or the Belizean people.

Belizean Belizeans n
Bélizien
A person from Belize or of Belizean descent.

Bellefontaine /bɛlˈfaʊntən/ /ˈbɛlfaʊntən/ /ˌbɛl.fɒnˈtɛn/ pn
Bellefontaine
Any of several communes in different areas of France (including Martinique).

Bellinzona /ˌbɛlɪnˈzəʊnə/ pn
Bellinzone
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Belluno pn
Belluno
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Belmopan pn
Belmopan
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Beloved Disciple pn
disciple bien-aimé
(biblical) A figure in the Gospel of John whose identity is left implicit within the text; traditionally, John the Evangelist himself.

Ben Wa ball /ˈbɛn ˈwɑː ˌbɔːl/ Ben Wa balls n
boule de geisha
(mostly, in the plural) Either of a pair of marble-sized metal or plastic balls, usually hollow and containing a small weight that rolls around, used for vaginal or anal sexual stimulation.

Benedict /ˈbɛnədɪkt/ Benedicts pn
Benoît
(countable) A en given name, particularly of the sixth-century founder of the Benedictine order, and of several popes.
(countable) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Benedicta pn
Bénédicte
A en given name, a rare feminine form of Benedict.

Benedictine adj
bénédictin
Of or pertaining to St. Benedict of Nursia.

Benedictine Benedictines n
bénédictin bénédictine
A monk or nun belonging to the order founded by Saint Benedict of Nursia.
bénédictine
A type of liqueur originating from the Benedictine cloister of Fécamp in France, made from cognac together with herb and spice extracts.

Benelux pn
Bénélux Benelux
An economic and customs union made up of Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg.

Benevento pn
Bénévent
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Benfeito Benfeitos pn
Benfeito
A surname.

Bengal /bɛŋ.ˈɡɔːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑl/ /bɛŋˈɡɑːl/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ /ˈbɛŋˌɡəl/ pn
Bengale
A region in the Indian subcontinent which is today divided between Bangladesh and India (particularly the state of West Bengal).

Bengal fox Bengal foxes n
renard du Bengale
Vulpes bengalensis, a fox endemic to the Indian subcontinent.

Bengal tiger Bengal tigers n
tigre du Bengale
Any tiger of a specific, fragmented population of the subspecies Panthera tigris tigris in the Indian subcontinent.

Bengalese more Bengalese most Bengalese adj
bengalais bengalaise
Of or relating to Bengal.

Bengalese Bengalese n
Bengalais Bengalaise
A native or inhabitant of Bengal.

Bengali /bɛŋˈɡɑli/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ adj
bengali
Of, from or pertaining to Bengal or the Bengalis.

Bengali /bɛŋˈɡɑli/ /bɛŋˈɡɔːli/ Bengalis n
bengali bengalî
(uncountable) A language spoken in Bangladesh and the states of Assam, Tripura and West Bengal, India.

Bengalisation Bengalisations n
bengalisation
The process of Bengalising.

Bengalism /bɛŋˈɡɔːlɪzəm/ Bengalisms n
bengalisme
A word or idiom of the Bengali language used in another language, especially for literary effect.

Bengalize v
bengaliser
(transitive) To make Bengali; to give Bengali traits to.

Benghazi /bɛnˈɡɑ.zi/ pn
Benghazi
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Bengue Bengues pn
Bengué

Benguela pn
Benguela

Benin /bəˈnin/ /bəˈnɪn/ /bɛˈniːn/ /bɛˈnɪn/ pn
Bénin
People's Republic of Benin, from 1975 to 1990
Republic of Benin, since 1990
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A historical kingdom in West Africa, in present-day Nigeria.

Beninese /bɛnɪˈniːz/ more Beninese most Beninese adj
béninois
Of, from, or pertaining to Benin, the Beninese people.

Beninese /bɛnɪˈniːz/ Beninese n
Béninois Béninoise
A person from Benin or of Beninese descent.

Beningbrough pn
Beningbrough

Benjamin /ˈbɛnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɛnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒəmɪn/ /ˈbɪnd͡ʒɚmɪn/ Benjamins pn
Benjamin
The youngest of the sons of Jacob and Rachel in the Bible.
A surname transferred from the given name.

Benoist Benoists pn
Benoist

Benthamism pn
benthamisme
(philosophy) The utilitarianist doctrines of Jeremy Bentham.

Benue pn
Bénoué
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Benzion pn
Bension
A en given name, literally meaning ‘son of Zion’.

Beothuk /biːˈɒtək/ /ˈbeɪ.əθʊk/ pn
béothuk
(linguistics) The extinct language of these people.

Beowulf /ˈbeɪoʊwʊlf/ /ˈbeɪəwʊlf/ pn
Beowulf
An Old English epic poem written circa 1025.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ adj
berbère
Of the Berber people, their culture, or their language.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ Berbers n
Berbère
A member of a particular ethnic group indigenous to northwest Africa.

Berber /ˈbɜːbə/ /ˈbɝ.bɚ/ pn
berbère
A group of closely related Afroasiatic languages spoken in northern Africa, particularly Morocco and Algeria.

Berberist Berberists n
berbériste
A Berber nationalist; a proponent of Berberism.

Berberization Berberizations n
berbérisation
the process of Berberizing

Berberize v
berbériser
(transitive) To make Berber; to give Berber traits to.

Berberologist Berberologists n
amazighisant amazighisante berbérisant berbérisante
A researcher who studies the Berber languages or cultures.

Berberophone adj
berbérophone

Berdiansk pn
Berdiansk
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Berdichev pn
Berditchev
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Berengar /ˈbɛɹɪŋɡɚ/ pn
Bérenger
A male given name of historical usage

Berenice /bɜrˈniːs/ /ˌbɛrəˈnaɪsi/ /ˌbɛrəˈniːs/ /ˌbɛrəˈniːsi/ pn
Bérénice
A en given name, notably of ancient queens of Egypt.

Bergamasco Bergamaschi Bergamascos n
berger bergamasque berger de Bergame
A medium-sized breed of herding dog originating in the Italian Alps, known for its heavily matted coat resembling dreadlocks.

Bergamo /ˈbɜːɡəˌməʊ/ /ˈbɝɡəˌmoʊ/ Bergamos pn
Bergame
(countable) A habitational surname from Italian.

Bergen pn
Bergen Bergue
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A Catholic diocese named after the above see.
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Berger pn
Berger
A surname.

Berger Picard /bɛəˌʒeɪ pɪˈkɑː/ /bɛɹˌʒeɪ pɪˈkɑɹ/ Berger Picards n
berger de Picardie berger picard
A French breed of medium-sized sheepdog.

Bergerac pn
Bergerac
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A surname from French.

Bergeron Bergerons pn
Bergeron

Bergsonian /bɜː(ɹ)ɡˈsəʊnɪən/ more Bergsonian most Bergsonian adj
bergsonien
Of or relating to Henri-Louis Bergson (1859–1941), French philosopher, who convinced many thinkers that immediate experience and intuition are more significant than rationalism and science in understanding reality.

Bering Sea /ˈbɛɹɪŋ ˈsiː/ pn
mer de Béring
The sea between Siberia and Alaska, north of the Pacific Ocean, that is connected to the Arctic Ocean by the Bering Strait.

Bering Strait pn
détroit de Béring
A strait between Chukotka, Russia and Alaska, USA, linking the Arctic Ocean to the Bering Sea.

Beringia /bəˈrɪnd͡ʒiə/ pn
Béringie

Berlin /bəˈlɪn/ /bɛə̯ˈlɪn/ /bɜːˈlɪn/ /ˈbɜː.lɪn/ /ˈbɝ.lɪn/ [bɚˈlɪn] Berlins pn
Berlin
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berlinois
Ellipsis of Berlin Township.

Berlin Wall /bɜːˈlɪn wɔːl/ /bɝˈlɪn wɔl/ /ˈbɜː-/ /ˈbɝ-/ pn
mur de Berlin
(history) A wall that parted the city of Berlin until 1989, constructed by the German Democratic Republic to keep East Germans from escaping to West Berlin.

Berliner /bəˈlɪnə/ /bɚˈlɪnɚ/ Berliners n
Berlinois Berlinoise
A native or inhabitant of Berlin.

Berlinese /bɜː(ɹ).lɪn.iːz/ Berlinese n
Berlinois
An inhabitant or a resident of the city of Berlin, Germany.

Berliozian more Berliozian most Berliozian adj
berliozien

Berlusconism n
berlusconisme
(politics) Silvio Berlusconi's policies and attitudes generally.

Bermuda /bəˈmjuːdə/ /bɚˈmjuːdə/ pn
Bermudes
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Bermuda Triangle Bermuda Triangles n
Triangle des Bermudes
(by extension) Any place where objects mysteriously disappear.

Bermuda Triangle pn
Triangle des Bermudes
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Bermuda grass Bermuda grasses n
Chiendent pied-de-poule
A perennial grass, Cynodon dactylon, native to Africa and Asia, used in warm areas of the world for pasture, lawn and making hay.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ adj
bermudien bermudais bermudois
Of, from, or pertaining to Bermuda, or the Bermudian people.
bermudais bermudien bermudois
Personal legal status equivalent to citizenship for the country of Bermuda.

Bermudian /bə(ɹ)ˈmjuːdiən/ Bermudians n
Bermudais Bermudien Bermudienne Bermudois
A person from Bermuda or of Bermudian descent

Bern /bɛ(ɹ)n/ /bɜː(ɹ)n/ Berns pn
Berne
A placename
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A surname

Bernadette /ˌbɝ.nəˈdɛt/ pn
Bernadette
A en given name.

Bernard /bəɹˈnɑɹd/ /ˈbɜːnəd/ pn
Bernard
A en given name.

Bernese /ˌbɜːˈniːz/ adj
bernois
Of, from, or pertaining to Bern.

Bernese Alps pn
Alpes bernoises
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Bernier Berniers pn
Bernier

Bernoulli's principle pn
principe de Bernoulli
(fluid dynamics) The principle which states that an increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in the fluid's potential energy.

Bernstein Bernsteins pn
Bernstein
A surname from German.

Beroea pn
Bérée
(historical) The ancient city of Aleppo.
(historical) The ancient city of Veria.
(historical) A city of ancient Thrace.

Bertha /ˈbɜːθə/ /ˈbɝθə/ pn
Berthe
A en given name.

Bertram /ˈbɜːtɹəm/ pn
Bertrand
A en given name.

Berytian /bəˈɹɪʃən/ adj
bérytien
(historical) Of or pertaining to Berytus.

Berytian /bəˈɹɪʃən/ Berytians n
Bérytien Bérytienne
(historical) A native or inhabitant of Berytus.

Berytus /bəˈɹaɪtəs/ /ˈbɛɹɪtəs/ pn
Béryte
(historical) The ancient city of Beirut.

Bes /bɛs/ pn
Bès
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, the protector of households and mothers, children and childbirth.

Besançon /bəˈzænsən/ pn
Besançon Besac
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Bessarabia pn
Bessarabie
(historical) A geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west. Now divided between Moldova and Ukraine.

Besson Bessons pn
Besson

Betawi Betawi Betawis n
batavien betawi
A member of an Indonesian ethnic group consisting of the descendants of the people living around Batavia (Jakarta) from around the 17th century.

Betelgeuse /ˈbidlˌdʒus/ /ˈbidlˌdʒuz/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːs/ /ˈbiːtldʒuːz/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒus/ /ˈbɛdlˌdʒuz/ pn
Bételgeuse
(star) A bright-red supergiant intrinsic variable star, the second brightest star in the constellation Orion; Alpha (α) Orionis. It is the tenth brightest star in the nighttime, and one of the largest stars known.

Bethesda /bəˈθɛz.də/ pn
Bethesda
(biblical) A pool in Jerusalem mentioned in the New Testament.

Bethlehem /ˈbɛθlihɛm/ /ˈbɛθləhɛm/ pn
Bethléem
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A number of other places around the world:
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Bethlehemite Bethlehemites n
Bethléemite
An inhabitant of Bethlehem in Judea.

Bethsaida /bɛθ.ˈseɪ.ɪ.də/ /bɛθ.ˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/ /ˌbɛθ.ˈseɪ.ɪ.də/ /ˌbɛθ.ˈseɪ.ɪ.ɾə/ pn
Bethsaïda Bethsaïde
(Biblical) Either of the two villages, Bethesda Julias and Bethesda of Galilee, mentioned in the New Testament.

Betti number Betti numbers n
nombre de Betti
(topology, algebraic topology) Any of a sequence of numbers, denoted bn, which characterise a given topological space K by giving, for each dimension, the number of holes in K of said dimension; (formally) the rank of the nth homology group, Hn, of K.

Beverly Hills pn
Beverly Hills
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Bewick's swan Bewick's swans n
cygne siffleur
A small swan, Cygnus columbianus, of the family Anatidae.

Bhagavad Gita /ˈbɑːɡəvɑːd ˈɡiːtə/ pn
Bhagavad Gita
An epic poem from Mahabharata where Krishna gives Arjuna a discourse on ethics.

Bhojpuri /ˌboʊd͡ʒˈpʊəri/ pn
bhojpuri
An Indo-Aryan language, spoken primarily in India, Mauritius, Nepal, Fiji, Surinam, Trinidad and Tobago, and Guyana.

Bhutan /buːˈtæn/ /buːˈtɑːn/ pn
Bhoutan
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Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ more Bhutanese most Bhutanese adj
bhoutanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Bhutan, the Bhutanese people.

Bhutanese /bu.təˈniːz/ Bhutanese n
Bhoutanais Bhoutanaise
A person from Bhutan or of Bhutanese descent.

Biafra /biˈɑfɹə/ pn
Biafra
(historical) A short-lived secessionist state that declared independence from Nigeria in the late 1960s.

Biafran Biafrans n
Biafrais
A native or inhabitant of Biafra.

Bianca /biˈæŋkə/ /biˈɑŋkə/ Biancas pn
Bianca Bianka Blanche
A en given name

Bibeau Bibeaus pn
Bibeau

Bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ Bibles pn
Bible
The Jewish holy book that was largely incorporated into the Christian Bible.

Bible basher Bible bashers n
grenouille de bénitier punaise de sacristie
(pejorative) A fundamentalist Christian preacher, or other fervent Christian, who is seen to take every opportunity to talk about Christianity and attempt to convert those around them.

Bichon Frisé /ˈbiːʃɒn fɹiːˈzeɪ/ Bichons Frisés n
bichon à poil frisé
A small bichon with white fur and dark eyes and nose, originating in Spain, Belgium and France.

Bicol /ˈbikol/ /ˈbikɔl/ /ˈbiːkɔːl/ pn
Langues bicol
The language of the native inhabitants of the region, Bicolano.

Bicol Peninsula pn
Péninsule de Bicol
A peninsula located in the extreme southeast of Luzon, Philippines.

Bicol Region pn
Région de Bicol
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Biden /ˈbaɪdən/ Bidens pn
Biden
A surname.

Biella pn
Biella
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Bienne pn
Bienne
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Big Apple pn
Big Apple Grosse Pomme
A nickname for New York City.

Big Bad Wolf /bɪɡ bæd ˈwʊlf/ Big Bad Wolves n
grand méchant loup
An evil fictional wolf that appears in fairy tales or fables.

Big Bang pn
Bigbang Big Bang
(cosmology) The cosmic event that marks the beginning of time and the rapid expansion of space for the visible universe. The evolution of the universe since that beginning point is described by the Big Bang Theory.

Big Ben pn
Big Ben
The hour bell in the Elizabeth Tower (formerly known as the Clock Tower), adjacent to the Houses of Parliament in Westminster, London, United Kingdom.

Big Brother pn
Big Brother
Unwarranted, invasive, and discreet surveillance, especially of a people by its government

Big Crunch pn
Big Crunch
(cosmology) The hypothetical eventual collapse of the universe that would ultimately occur if it contracted continuously in the future.

Big Dipper pn
Grand Chariot Grande Casserole
(constellation, especially, US) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a ladle or cart. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid. [from 1845] The other stars in it are Alioth, Megrez, Merak, and Phecda.

Big Mac /bɪɡ mæk/ Big Macs n
Big Mac
A hamburger from the fast food company McDonald's, served on a three-part bun with various condiments.

Bigfoot /ˈbɪɡˌfʊt/ pn
Bigfoot
(US, Canada, cryptozoology, folklore) A very large, hairy, humanoid creature, similar to the yeti, said to live in the wilderness areas of the United States and Canada, especially the Pacific Northwest.

Bighorn Mountains pn
monts Big Horn

Bilaspur pn
Bilaspur
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Bilbao /bɪlˈbaʊ/ pn
Bilbao
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Bilbaoan adj
bilbayen
From Bilbao or otherwise related to the city of Bilbao.

Bilbaoan Bilbaoans n
Bilbayen Bilbayenne
Someone from Bilbao

Bill Gates' flower fly Bill Gates' flower flies n
éristale de Gates
A species of flower fly from Costa Rica, Eristalis gatesi.

Bindslev pn
Bindslev
A small town in Vendsyssel, Northern Jutland, Denmark.

Binedama pn
Binedama
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Bircher muesli Bircher mueslis n
bircher
A breakfast dish originally consisting of rolled oats mixed with apples, nuts, lemon juice, cream and honey.

Birks pn
Birks
A surname.

Birobidzhan pn
Birobidjan
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Biscay /ˈbɪskeɪ/ /ˈbɪski/ pn
Biscaye
A sea area corresponding to the Bay of Biscay.

Bishkek /bɪʃˈkɛk/ pn
Bichkek
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Bishkeker Bishkekers n
Bichkékien Bichkékienne
A native or inhabitant of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.

Bishop Bishops pn
Lévesque
(countable) An English surname originating as an occupation.

Bislama /ˈbɪʃləmɑː/ pn
bichelamar
A creole language spoken on the South Pacific island-nation of Vanuatu, derived from Indo-European (mainly from English) and Oceanic languages.

Bissau-Guinean Bissau-Guineans n
bissau-guinéen
A person from Guinea-Bissau or of Bissau-Guinean descent.

Bisson pn
Bisson

Bissonnet pn
Bissonnet
A surname from French.

Bissonnette pn
Bissonnette
A surname from French.

Bithynia /bɪˈθɪni.ə/ pn
Bithynie
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A taxonomic genus within the family Bithyniidae – certain freshwater snails.

Bitola pn
Bitola
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Bizerte pn
Bizérte Bizerte
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Bizet sheep Bizet sheep n
bizet
A variety of sheep from the Massif Central part of France

Bièvre pn
Bièvre
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Black Death pn
peste noire
(disease, historical) A pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague throughout Europe and most of Asia in the 14th century that killed nearly half the population of Europe and Asia.

Black Forest pn
Forêt-Noire Forêt Noire
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Black Forest gâteau Black Forest gâteaus Black Forest gâteaux n
forêt noire
A type of gâteau consisting of a rich chocolate sponge cake topped with cream and cherries.

Black Friday Black Fridays pn
Black Friday vendredi fou vendredi noir
(US, Canada, UK, business, retailing) The day after US Thanksgiving Day, generally regarded as the first day of the Christmas season, and the busiest shopping day of the year. Observed in the US, Canada, and more recently to an extent, the UK.
vendredi fou
(by extension) The sales period involving heavy price reductions immediately following US Thanksgiving Day, from Friday (the original Black Friday) through Monday (Cyber Monday).

Black Legend pn
Légende Noire
The depiction of Spain and Spaniards (or, by extension, all Hispanics and their countries of origin) as bloodthirsty and cruel, greedy and fanatical.

Black Sea pn
mer Noire
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Blackbeard pn
Barbe Noire
The archetypal pirate, who lived in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Blackfoot /ˈblæk.fʊt/ Blackfeet Blackfoot Blackfoots n
Pieds-Noirs
A member of a North American confederacy of several tribes.

Blagoveshchensk /ˌblɑɡəˈvɛʃt͡ʃɛnsk/ pn
Blagovechtchensk
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Blairism n
blairisme

Blais pn
Blais

Blaise pn
Blaise
A en given name.

Blanche pn
Blanche
A en given name.

Blanchet Blanchets pn
Blanchet

Blanchett Blanchetts pn
Blanchett

Blanchette Blanchettes pn
Blanchette

Blanford's fox Blanford's foxes n
renard afghan renard de Blanford
A small fox (Vulpes cana) native to the Middle East and Central Asia.

Blanquism n
blanquisme

Blanquist adj
blanquiste

Blasius pn
Blaise
A en given name.

Blitzen pn
Éclair
The eighth and last reindeer of Santa Claus.

Bloc pn
Bloc
(Canada, politics) Bloc Québécois

Bloc Québécois pn
Bloc québécois
(Canadian politics) A Canadian federal political party, with the goal of sovereignty for Quebec.

Bloemen Bloemens pn
Bloemen
A surname from Dutch.

Bloemfontein /ˈbluːmfɒnˌteɪn/ pn
Bloemfontein
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Blois /blwɑː/ pn
Blois
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Blondin Blondins pn
Blondin
A surname from French.

Bloquiste more Bloquiste most Bloquiste adj
bloquiste
(Canadian politics) Pertaining to the Bloc Québécois.

Bloquiste Bloquistes n
bloquiste
(Canadian politics) A member of the Bloc Québécois.

Blouin Blouins pn
Blouin

Blue Banana pn
banane bleue
A discontinuous corridor of urbanization in Western Europe, stretching from northwest England to Milan.

Blue Planet pn
planète bleue
the planet Earth

Blue River pn
fleuve Bleu
(archaic) The Yangtze river in China.

Bluebeard pn
Barbe-Bleue
A famous fairy tale written by Charles Perrault in 1697 about a violent nobleman who has the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of his current wife to avoid the same fate.
The nobleman who is the title character of the story.

Bluetooth /ˈblutuθ/ /ˈbluːtuːθ/ pn
Bluetooth
(networking, trademark) An industrial specification for wireless personal area networks.

Bluey pn
poil de carotte rouquin rouquine
(Australia, slang) A nickname commonly given to a red-headed person.

Blyth's pipit Blyth's pipits n
pipit de Godlewski
Anthus godlewskii, medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in Mongolia and neighbouring areas of China, Tibet and India.

Blyth's reed warbler Blyth's reed warblers n
rousserolle des buissons
Acrocephalus dumetorum, an Old World warbler.

Bo'ao pn
Bo'ao
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Bob /bɑb/ /bɒb/ /bɔb/ pn
Bob
A diminutive of the en given name Robert.

Bob's your uncle phraseologicalUnit
c'est parti mon kiki et voilà le travail le tour est joué
(UK, Commonwealth, Hong Kong, idiomatic) "No problem", "the solution is simple", "there you have it", "It's that easy", "you have what you want", "all will be well": indicates a desirable conclusion has been reached.

Bobcaygeon pn
Bobcaygeon

Bobigny pn
Bobigny
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Bobo-Dioulasso /boʊ.boʊ.dju.las.so/ pn
Bobo-Dioulasso
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Boccaccian /bəˈkæt͡ʃiən/ /bəˈkɑːt͡ʃiən/ more Boccaccian most Boccaccian adj
boccacien
Of or pertaining to Giovanni Boccaccio (1313–1375), Italian author and poet, or to his works.

Boeing /ˈboʊ.ɪŋ/ pn
Boeing
(aviation) A popular American aerospace company known for their successful commercial aircraft.

Boeotia /biːˈəʊʃə/ pn
Béotie
A district of Ancient Greece, formerly renowned for the French proverbially equating the residents with philistinism; now, a district in east Central Greece, situated on the peninsula, west of Euboea, north of Attica and Megaris, and east of Phocis. The present-day capital of the prefecture is Livadeia.

Boeotian /biːˈəʊʃən/ more Boeotian most Boeotian adj
béotien
(historical) Pertaining to Boeotia.
(by extension) Stupid, foolish, dull-witted.

Boeotian /biːˈəʊʃən/ Boeotians n
Béotien
(historical) An inhabitant or a resident of Boeotia.
béotien
(by extension) A dull or ignorant person.

Boer /bo(ɹ)/ /bɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔɚ/ /ˈbʊɚ/ Boers n
Boer
(historical) A Dutch colonist in South Africa during the colonial era, especially a farmer.

Bogdania pn
Bogdanie Bogdanie Noire
(historical) Moldavia, Great Wallachia, the territory between Transylvania and the Dniester north of Wallachia and south of Lithuania, conquered by the Ottomans in 1512

Bogomil /ˈbɒɡəmɪl/ Bogomils n
bogomile
(Christianity, historical) A member of a dualist Christian sect which flourished in the Balkans during the 10th to 15th centuries and was characterized by resistance to the state and church authorities.

Bogotá /ˌboʊɡəˈtɑː/ /ˌbɒɡəˈtɑː/ pn
Bogota Bogotá
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Bohemia /boʊˈhimiə/ pn
Bohême
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Bohemian waxwing Bohemian waxwings n
jaseur boréal
Any of species Bombycilla garrulus, a waxwing of northern latitudes.

Bohemond /ˈbəʊəmənd/ pn
Bohémond
A given name of historical usage

Bohol /ˈboʊhɔl/ /ˈbəʉhoːl ~ ˈbɐʉhoːl/ /ˈbəʊhɔːl/ pn
Bohol
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Boileau Boileaus pn
Boileau

Boisbriand Boisbriands pn
Boisbriand

Bokmål pn
bokmål
One of the two major written standards of Norwegian, literally meaning “book language”.

Boko pn
boko boo
A people of Benin and Nigeria.
Boko
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A district in the Pool region of southeastern Republic of the Congo.

Bolivarian more Bolivarian most Bolivarian adj
bolivarien bolivarienne
Of or relating to the South American independence hero Simón Bolívar or his beliefs.

Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela pn
République bolivarienne du Venezuela
The official name of Venezuela.

Bolivarianism n
bolivarianisme bolivarisme
Any of various sets of political doctrines in parts of South America, especially Venezuela.

Bolivia /boʊ.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ /bə.ˈlɪv.i.ə/ pn
Bolivie
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Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ adj
bolivien Bolivien
Of, from, or pertaining to Bolivia, or the Bolivian people.

Bolivian /bəˈlɪv.i.ən/ Bolivians n
Bolivien Bolivienne
A person from Bolivia or of Bolivian descent.

Bolivian slaty antshrike Bolivian slaty antshrikes n
batara de Bolivie
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus sticturus

Bollinger pn
Bollinger

Bollywood pn
Bollywood
(India) The Hindi-language film industry located in Mumbai.

Bollé pn
Bollé
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Bologna /bəˈloʊnjə/ /bəˈlɒnjə/ /bəˈləʊnjə/ Bolognas pn
Bologne
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A habitational surname from Italian.

Bolognese /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈniːz/ /ˌbɒləˈnjeɪz/ adj
bolognais
Of or relating to the city of Bologna or its inhabitants.

Bolon pn
bolon
A Manding language spoken in Burkina Faso.

Bolshevik /ˈbol-/ /ˈboʊ̯lʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɑl-/ /ˈbɒlʃəvɪk/ /ˈbɔl-/ Bolsheviki Bolsheviks n
bolchevik bolchevique bolchévique
(historical) A Russian communist revolutionary, member of the Bolshevik Party in the 1917 Communist Revolution of Russia.
(historical) A member of the Communist Party that ruled the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Bolshevization Bolshevizations n
bolchevisation bolchévisation
The action or effect of bolshevizing something; making something Bolshevist.

Bolzano pn
Bolzano Bolzane
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Bombardier /bɑmbɑɹdiˈeɪ/ /bɑmˈbɑɹdiˌeɪ/ /bɒmˈbɑːdiˌeɪ/ Bombardiers pn
Bombardier
A surname from French.

Bombay /bɒmˈbeɪ/ pn
Bombay
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Bonaire pn
Bonaire
An island in the southern part of the Caribbean Sea off the west coast of Venezuela, a special municipality of the Netherlands.

Bonaparte's gull Bonaparte's gulls n
mouette de Bonaparte
Chroicocephalus philadelphia, a member of the gull family Laridae found mainly in northern North America.

Bonapartism /ˈbəʊnəpɑːtɪzəm/ /ˌboʊnəˈpɑɹ(ˌ)tɪzəm/ n
bonapartisme
The practices and ideology of Napoleon Bonaparte

Bonapartist more Bonapartist most Bonapartist adj
bonapartiste
(historical) Of, pertaining to, or supporting, Bonapartism.

Bonapartist Bonapartists n
Bonapartiste bonapartiste
(historical) A supporter or kin of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Bonaventure Bonaventures pn
Bonaventure
A surname transferred from the given name.

Bonifacio /bəʊniːˈfɑːtʃəʊ/ /ˌboʊniˈfɑːʃoʊ/ pn
Bonifacio
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Bonifatius pn
Boniface
A en given name of mainly historical use in English.

Bonn pn
Bonn
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(metonym, historical, _, after 1990) The West German government.

Book of Concord pn
Livre de Concorde

Book of Mormon pn
Le livre de Mormon
(Mormonism) A sacred text of the Latter-Day Saints movement, published in 1830 by Joseph Smith, Jr.

Book of Shadows Books of Shadows n
livre d'ombres
A book containing religious text and instructions for Wiccan magical rituals.

Books of Moses pn
Livres de Moïse
The first five books of the Hebrew Bible.

Boolean /buːˈli.ən/ /ˈbuli.ən/ /ˈbuːl.i.ən/ adj
boolien booléen
(logic, computing) Pertaining to data items that can have “true” and “false” (or, equivalently, 1 and 0 respectively) as their only possible values and to operations on such values.

Boolean /buːˈli.ən/ /ˈbuli.ən/ /ˈbuːl.i.ən/ Booleans n
variable booléenne
(logic, computing) A variable that can hold a single true/false (1/0) value.

Boolean algebra Boolean algebras n
algèbre booléenne algèbre de Boole
(algebra) An algebraic structure (\Sigma, \vee, \wedge, \sim, 0, 1) where \vee and \wedge are idempotent binary operators, \sim is a unary involutory operator (called "complement"), and 0 and 1 are nullary operators (i.e., constants), such that (\Sigma, \vee, 0) is a commutative monoid, (\Sigma, \wedge, 1) is a commutative monoid, \wedge and \vee distribute with respect to each other, and such that combining two complementary elements through one binary operator yields the identity of the other binary operator. (See Boolean algebra (structure)#Axiomatics.)
(algebra, logic, computing) Specifically, an algebra in which all elements can take only one of two values (typically 0 and 1, or "true" and "false") and are subject to operations based on AND, OR and NOT

Boolean function Boolean functions n
fonction booléenne
(algebra, logic, computing) Any function based on the operations AND, OR and NOT, and whose elements are from the domain of Boolean algebra

Boolean logic Boolean logics n
logique booléenne
(computing, logic, mathematics) A system of symbolic logic that is the basis of Boolean algebra

Boolean variable Boolean variables n
variable booléenne
(mathematics, logic, computing) Any variable, from the domain of Boolean algebra, having one of only two values

Bordeaux /bɔɹˈdoʊ/ /bɔːˈdəʊ/ pn
Bordeaux
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Bordeaux mixture Bordeaux mixtures n
bouillie bordelaise
A mixture of copper sulfate and lime that is sprayed on plants as a fungicide.

Bordelais more Bordelais most Bordelais adj
bordelais
of, from, or relating to Bordeaux

Bordelais Bordelais n
Bordelais
A native or inhabitant of Bordeaux in France.

Borduria pn
Bordurie

Boreal n
Boréal

Boreas /ˈbɔɹɪəs/ /ˈbɔːɹɪəs/ pn
Borée
(Greek god) The god of the North Wind, Storms, Winter, Ice and Snow .

Borel σ-algebra Borel σ-algebras n
tribu borélienne

Borgesian more Borgesian most Borgesian adj
borgien borgésien
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Jorge Luis Borges or his writings.

Boris /ˈbɔɹɪs/ Borises pn
Boris
A en given name.

Borjomi pn
Borjomi
A resort town in south-central Georgia famous for its mineral water industry.

Borneo /ˈbo(ː)ɹnioʊ/ /ˈboənioʊ/ /ˈbɔɹnioʊ/ /ˈbɔːni.əʊ/ pn
Bornéo
A Pacific island shared by Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia; the world’s third largest island.

Borromean rings n
anneaux borroméens

Boryspil pn
Boryspil
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Bose-Einstein condensate Bose-Einstein condensates n
condensat de Bose-Einstein
(physics) A gaseous superfluid phase of matter in which all the particles have the same quantum state.

Bosnia /ˈbɑz.ni.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə/ pn
Bosnie
The northern three-fourths of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a geographic and historical entity, not an administrative unit.

Bosnia and Herzegovina /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ænd hɜɹ.t͡sɨˈɡoʊ.vɨn.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ænd ˌhɜɹ.t͡sɨ.ɡoʊˈviː.nə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ənd hɜɹ.t͡sɨˈɡoʊ.vɨn.ə/ /ˈbɒz.ni.ə ənd ˌhɜɹ.t͡sɨ.ɡoʊˈviː.nə/ pn
Bosnie-Herzégovine Bosnie-et-Herzégovine
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Bosniak Bosniaks n
Bosniaque

Bosnian /ˈbɑːzni.ən/ /ˈbɒzni.ən/ /ˈbɔːzni.ən/ Bosnians n
bosnien Bosnien Bosnienne bosniaque
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken primarily by Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Bosphorus /ˈbɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈbɑs.pɚ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.fəɹ.əs/ /ˈbɒs.pəɹ.əs/ pn
Bosphore
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Boston /ˈbɑstən/ /ˈbɒstən/ /ˈbɔstən/ [ˈbɒːstɪn] pn
Boston
(cards) An eighteenth-century trick-taking card game for four players, with two packs of fifty-two cards each.

Boston cream adj
Boston crème Boston

Boston cream donut Boston cream donuts n
beigne Boston beigne crème Boston

Boston cream pie Boston cream pies n
gâteau Boston

Boston ivy Boston ivies n
vigne vierge à trois pointes
A perennial vine related to the grapevine, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, which, like true ivy (Hedera helix), is planted next to masonry buildings to grow on the walls. In spite of the name, Boston ivy is native to Japan, Korea and China.

Boston terrier Boston terriers n
terrier de Boston
A medium-sized black and white dog.

Bostonian /bɒsˈtəʊniən/ adj
bostonien

Bostonian /bɒsˈtəʊniən/ Bostonians n
Bostonien
A person who was born in or who lives in Boston, Massachusetts.

Bothnian Bay pn
baie de Botnie
The most northern part of the Gulf of Bothnia.

Bothnian Sea pn
mer de Botnie
The southern part of the Gulf of Bothnia.

Botox /ˈboʊtɑks/ /ˈbəʊtɒks/ pn
botox
A toxic compound (generic name botulinum toxin type A) produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, that causes the paralysis of muscles, used in cosmetic surgery to conceal wrinkles and for muscle spasm relief and headache prevention.

Botswana /bɑːtˈswɑːnə/ /bɒtˈswɑːnə/ pn
Botswana
The Republic of Botswana, since 1966

Botswanan Botswanans n
Botswanais Botswanéen Botswanaise Botswanéenne
A person from Botswana or of Botswanan descent.

Bouaké pn
Bouaké
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Boucher Bouchers pn
Boucher

Bouches-du-Rhône pn
Bouches-du-Rhône
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Boudica /bəʊˈdɪkə/ /ˈbuːdɪkə/ pn
Boadicée
A queen of the British Iceni tribe that led an uprising against the occupying forces of the Roman Empire, died c. 61 CE

Bougainville /ˈboʊɡənˌvɪl/ /ˈbəʊɡənˌvɪl/ Bougainvilles pn
Bougainville
(countable) A surname from French.
A placename
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Bourassa Bourassas pn
Bourassa

Bourbakian adj
bourbachique

Bourdain Bourdains pn
Bourdain

Bourges pn
Bourges
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Bourget Bourgets pn
Bourget

Bourgogne-Franche-Comté pn
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
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Bourguibism n
bourguibisme
The political ideology of Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba.

Boutilier Boutiliers pn
Boutilier

Bouxwiller pn
Bouxwiller
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Bow River pn
Rivière Bow
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Bowden cable Bowden cables n
câble Bowden
A flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force by the movement of an inner cable (most commonly of steel) relative to a hollow outer housing.

Bowen /ˈboʊ.ən/ /ˈbəʊ.ən/ pn
Bowen
A surname from Welsh [in turn originating as a patronymic].
A en given name.
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Boxing Day /ˈbɑːksɪŋ deɪ/ /ˈbɒksɪŋ deɪ/ Boxing Days n
Boxing Day Saint-Étienne lendemain de Noël
The day after Christmas; the 26th of December.

Boy Scout Boy Scouts n
scout éclaireur
A male member of the Scout Movement.

Bozouls pn
Bozouls
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Boötes /boʊˈoʊtiːz/ pn
Bouvier
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, called the “bear-guard” or the “herdsman”. It includes the fourth-brightest star in the night sky, Arcturus.

Bps Bps n
o/s
(computing) Initialism of byte per second.

Brabant /bɹəˈbænt/ /ˈbɹæbənt/ /ˈbɹɑːbənt/ pn
Brabant
(historical) Until 1995, a province of central Belgium; since divided into Flemish Brabant, Brussels-Capital Region and Walloon Brabant.
Duchy of Brabant; a historical region, roughly comprising the area of modern Flemish and Walloon Brabant, Brussels, the Belgian province of Antwerp, and the Dutch province of North Brabant.

Brabantian adj
brabançon
Of or pertaining to Brabant or its people.
Of or pertaining to the Brabantian language.

Brabantian Brabantians n
Brabançon Brabançonne
A person from the respective provinces or historic region of Brabant (especially if Brabantian-speaking).

Bragança /bɹəˈɡanzə/ /bɹəˈɡɑnzə/ pn
Bragance
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Brahma /ˈbɹɑmə/ pn
Brahmâ
(Hinduism, Hindu god) Hindu god (deva) of creation and one of the Trimurti, the others being Vishnu and Shiva.

Brahman pn
Brahman
(Hinduism) The unchanging, infinite, immanent, and transcendent reality which is the Divine Ground of all matter, energy, time, space, being, and everything beyond in this Universe. The nature of Brahman is described as transpersonal, personal and impersonal by different philosophical schools.

Brahui pn
Brahoui
The Dravidian language of this people.

Brampton /ˈbɹæm(p)tən/ pn
Brampton
Several places in England:

Brandenburg pn
Brandebourg
Brandenburg an der Havel, a German town.
Brandebourg Brandebourg-sur-la-Havel
(historical) The lands of Brandenburg (Mark Brandenburg, Provinz Brandenburg), provinces of Prussia from 1815 to 1946.

Brandenburger /ˈbɹændənbɜːɡə/ /ˈbɹændɚnbɝɡɚ/ Brandenburgers n
Brandebourgeois Brandebourgeoise
A person from Brandenburg (state of Germany).

Brasília /bɹəˈziːli.ə/ pn
Brasilia Brasília
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Bratislava /ˌbɹætɨˈslɑːvə/ /ˌbɹɑːtɨˈslɑːvə/ pn
Bratislava
The region of Slovakia that includes the city of Bratislava.

Bratislavan more Bratislavan most Bratislavan adj
bratislavien
From or relating to Bratislava.

Brazil /bɹə.ˈzɪl/ [-ˈzɪɫ] pn
Brésil
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Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ adj
brésilien auriverde
Of, from, or pertaining to Brazil, or the Brazilian people.

Brazilian /bɹə.ˈzɪ.lɪ.ən/ /bɹə.ˈzɪl.jən/ Brazilians n
Brésilien Brésilienne
A person from Brazil or of Brazilian descent.

Brazilian Portuguese pn
portugais brésilien portugais du Brésil
The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Brazil, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.

Brazzaville /ˈbɹæzəvɪl/ /ˈbɹɑːzəvɪl/ pn
Brazzaville
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Brechtian more Brechtian most Brechtian adj
brechtien
Of or pertaining to Bertolt Brecht (1898–1956), German poet and playwright, or his works.

Breda /bɹeɪˈdɑ/ /bɹeɪˈdɑː/ /ˈbɹeɪdɑ/ /ˈbɹeɪdɑː/ /ˈbɹeɪdə/ /ˈbɹidə/ /ˈbɹiːdə/ pn
Bréda Breda
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Bregenz /ˈbɹeɪɡənt͡s/ pn
Brégence District de Brégence
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Breisgau pn
Brisgau

Bremen /ˈbɹeɪmən/ /ˈbɹɛmən/ pn
Brême
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Brendan pn
Brendan
A en given name.

Brescia /ˈbɹɛʃə/ Brescias pn
Brescia
A habitational surname from Italian.

Brest /bɹɛst/ pn
Brest
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Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ adj
breton
Of or pertaining to Brittany.

Breton /ˈbɹɛtən/ Bretons n
Breton Bretonne
(countable) A person from Brittany.
breton
(uncountable) The Celtic language of Brittany.

Brexit /ˈbɹɛksɪt/ /ˈbɹɛɡzɪt/ pn
Brexit
(UK politics) Withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.

Brezhnev /ˈbɹɛʒnəv/ /ˈbɹɛʒnɛv/ pn
Brejnev
A transliteration of the Russian surname Бре́жнев (Bréžnev); usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Leonid Brezhnev.

Brezhnevian more Brezhnevian most Brezhnevian adj
brejnévien
Of or pertaining to Leonid Brezhnev (1906-1982), General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1964.

Bridget /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒɪt/ pn
Brigitte
A en given name.

Bridgetown /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒˌtaʊn/ pn
Bridgetown
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Brindisi /ˈbrɪndɪzi/ Brindisis pn
Brindisi Brindes
A habitational surname from Italian.

Brisbane /ˈbɹɪzbən/ pn
Brisbane
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Briseis /bɹaɪˈsiːɪs/ pn
Briséis
(Greek mythology) A legendary figure who features in the Iliad; a princess granted as concubine to Achilles after the sacking of her city, Lyrnessus, before the beginning of the story.

Bristol /ˈbɹɪstəl/ pn
Bristol
Several places in Canada:
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Several places in the United States:

Bristolian /bɹɪsˈtəʊ.li.ən/ more Bristolian most Bristolian adj
bristolien
Of, from, or relating to Bristol.

Bristolian /bɹɪsˈtəʊ.li.ən/ Bristolians n
Bristolien

Britain /ˈbɹɪt.ən/ [ˈbɹɪt.n̩] [ˈbɹɪɾ.ᵊn̩] [ˈbɹɪʔ.ᵊn̩] Britains pn
Grande-Bretagne
England, Scotland and Wales in combination.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] more British most British adj
britannique
(historical) Of the ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain; Brythonic.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] n
Britannique
The residents or inhabitants of Great Britain.
(history) The ancient inhabitants of the southern part of Britain before the Anglo-Saxon invasion.

British /ˈbɹɪtɪʃ/ [ˈbɹɪɾɪʃ] [ˈbɹɪʔɪʃ] pn
anglais britannique
(chiefly, US) The British English language.

British Columbia /ˈbɹɪt.ɪʃ kə.ˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Colombie-Britannique
Province in western Canada which has Victoria as its capital.

British Columbian adj
britanno-colombien colombo-britannique

British Columbian British Columbians n
Britanno-Colombien Britanno-Colombienne Colombo-Britannique

British Empire pn
Empire britannique
(chiefly, _, historical) The United Kingdom and its overseas dependencies and colonies.

British English n
Anglais Britannique
The English language as written and spoken in the United Kingdom (in contrast with other places, particularly other countries where English is predominant or at least an important language)

British Guiana pn
Guyane britannique
(historical) Guyana, when it was a British colony.

British Indian Ocean Territory pn
Territoire britannique de l'océan Indien
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British Isles /ˌbɹɪ.tɪʃ ˈaɪlz/ pn
îles Britanniques
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British Raj /-ˈɹɑːʒ/ /ˌbɹɪtɪʃ ˈɹɑdʒ/ /ˌbɹɪtɪʃ ˈɹɑːdʒ/ pn
Raj britannique
(historical) The period of colonial rule of the Indian subcontinent by the British Empire between 1858 and 1947.

British Virgin Islands pn
îles Vierges britanniques
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Britisher /ˈbɹɪtɪʃə/ Britishers n
Britannique
(India) The British colonial authorities; a European member of the British Raj, especially an officer from the colonial authorities.

Britishness /ˈbɹɪt.ɪʃ.nəs/ Britishnesses n
britannicité

Briton /ˈbɹɪt.ən/ Britons n
Britannique Grand-Breton Grande-Bretonne
An inhabitant of Great Britain, particularly (historical) a Celt from the area of Roman Britain or (obsolete) a Welshman.

Britpop n
britpop
A British alternative rock movement from the mid-1990s, characterised by influences from the 1960s and 1970s, catchy hooks, the glamour of earlier pop stardom, and the sense of creating a soundtrack to the lives of a new generation of British youth.

Brittany /ˈbɹɪtəni/ Brittanies n
épagneul breton
A gun dog of a particular breed.

Brittany /ˈbɹɪtəni/ pn
Bretagne
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(obsolete, chiefly, poetic) The British Isles. [15th–19th c.]
A en given name.

Brixen pn
Bressanone
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Brixton /bɹɪkstən/ pn
Brixton
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A habitational surname from Old English.
A en given name.

Broca's aphasia n
aphasie de Broca
(medicine, pathology) A disorder where a sufferer is unable to use fluent grammar when speaking or writing, and utterances are almost always ungrammatical.

Broca's area Broca's areas n
aire de Broca
(neuroanatomy) An area of the frontal lobe of the brain associated with the control of speech.

Broglie Broglies pn
Broglie
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(countable) A surname.
A surname from French.
A surname from Italian.

Brokskat /ˈbrɒkskæt/ pn
Brokskat
A Dardic language spoken in Ladakh and also parts of Jammu and Kashmir as well as Gilgit-Baltistan.

Bronx /bɹɑŋks/ /bɹɒŋks/ pn
Bronx
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Bronze Age pn
âge du bronze
(archaeology) A period in a civilization's development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze.
(mythology) One of the Classical Ages of Man, associated with warfare.

Brooklyn /ˈbɹʊk.lən/ /ˈbɹʷʊk.ɫɪn/ [ˈbɹ̠ʷʊ̠kɫ̪ɪ̈n] pn
Brooklyn
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Brosseau Brosseaus pn
Brosseau

Broucheion pn
Brouchéion
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Brousseau Brousseaus pn
Brousseau

Brown Browns pn
Brun Brunet Lebrun
(countable) A surname.
An Irish surname of Anglo-Norman origin, a translation of de Brún.

Brownian motion Brownian motions n
mouvement brownien
(statistical mechanics) Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid, arising from those particles being struck by individual molecules of the fluid.

Brownshirt Brownshirts n
chemise brune
(historical) A uniformed member of the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), especially a storm trooper of the Sturmabteilung.

Bruges /bɹuːʒ/ pn
Bruges
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Brugheas pn
Brugheas
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Brumaire /bɹuːˈmɛː/ /bɹʊˈmɛəɹ/ Brumaires pn
brumaire
(historical) The second month of the French Republican Calendar, from October 22, 23 or 24 to November 20, 21 or 22.

Brunei /bɹuːˈnaɪ/ pn
Brunei
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Bruneian adj
brunéien de Brunei
Of, from, or pertaining to Brunei, the Bruneian people.

Bruneian Bruneians n
Brunéien de Brunei
A person from Brunei or of Bruneian descent.

Brunhild pn
Brunehaut Brunehilde
A en given name

Bruno /ˈbɹunoʊ/ Brunoes Brunos pn
Bruno
(countable) A en given name.
(countable) A surname from Italian.

Brunstatt pn
Brunstatt
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Brunswick pn
Brunswick
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Brusselian adj
bruxellois
Of, from, or pertaining to, Brussels.

Brusselian Brusselians n
Bruxellois Bruxelloise
Someone from Brussels.

Brusselization n
bruxellisation
(urbanism) Careless introduction of high-rise buildings into traditional residential neighbourhoods.

Brussels /ˈbɹʌsəlz/ pn
Bruxelles
(metonym) The administrative apparatus of the European Union.

Brussels griffon Brussels griffons n
griffon bruxellois
Any of several related breeds of toy dog from Belgium.

Brussels sprout Brussels sprouts n
chou de Bruxelles
(chiefly, in the plural) The green vegetable Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera, a cabbage variety native to Belgium.

Brussels-Capital Region pn
Région de Bruxelles-Capitale région de Bruxelles-Capitale
The region of Belgium consisting of the capital city, Brussels, and its suburbs.

Brutus /ˈbɹutəs/ pn
Brutus
a Roman cognomen.

Bryansk pn
Briansk
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Bryce pn
Brice
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Brythonic /bɹɪˈθɒnɪk/ more Brythonic most Brythonic adj
brittonique
Of or relating to the Brythonic language subgroup, a set of Celtic languages.

Bucha /ˈbuːt͡ʃə/ pn
Boutcha
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Buchach pn
Boutchatch
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Bucharest /ˌb(j)uːkəˈɹɛst/ pn
Bucarest
(metonym) The Romanian government.

Bucharestian Bucharestians n
Bucarestois Bucarestoise
Someone from Bucharest.

Buckingham Palace pn
palais de Buckingham
The official London residence of the British monarch.

Budapest /ˈbjuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbuːdəpɛst/ /ˈbʊdəpɛst/ /ˌbjuːdəˈpɛst/ /ˌbuːdəˈpɛst/ pn
Budapest
(metonym) The Hungarian government.

Budapestian adj
budapestois budapestoise
Of, from or pertaining to Budapest, Hungary.

Budapestian Budapestians n
Budapestois Budapestoise
A native or inhabitant of Budapest, Hungary.

Buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ /ˈbʊdːʰə/ pn
Bouddha
Siddhartha Gautama, the Nepali prince and Indian philosopher and teacher who founded Buddhism.

Buddha's hand Buddha's hands n
main de Bouddha
Citrus medica var. sarcodactylus, a fragrant variant of citron whose fruit is segmented into finger-like sections.

Buddha-nature Buddha-natures n
nature de bouddha
(Buddhism) The potential of achieving the nature of the Buddha through study and religious practice.

Buddhahood n
bouddhéité
(Buddhism) The state of being a buddha, or being spiritually enlightened by Buddhist or other teachings.

Buddhism /ˈbu.dɪ.zəm/ /ˈbʊ.dɪ.zəm/ Buddhisms n
bouddhisme
The religion or philosophy derived from the teachings of Gautama Buddha.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ more Buddhist most Buddhist adj
bouddhiste bouddhique
Of, relating to, or practicing Buddhism.

Buddhist /ˈbudɪst/ /ˈbʊdɪst/ Buddhists n
bouddhiste
A practitioner of the religion and philosophy of Buddhism.
A follower of the Indian religious and spiritual teacher, Buddha.

Buddhistic adj
bouddhique
Pertaining to Buddhism.

Buenos Aires /-nɒs/ /-ɹiːz/ /-ɹɪz/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹ-/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹɪs/ /ˌbweɪnoʊs ˈaɪɹɪs/ /ˌbweɪnəs ˈaɪɹɪs/ /ˌbwɛn-/ pn
Buenos Aires
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Buffalo pn
Buffalo
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Bugatti /ˈbjuːˈɡæti/ Bugattis pn
Bugatti
A surname from Italian. of Italian origin

Bujumbura /ˌbuːdʒəmˈbʊəɹə/ /ˌbuːd͡ʒəmˈbʊɹə/ pn
Bujumbura
The largest city, and former capital, of Burundi.

Bukhara /buˈkɑːɹə/ pn
Boukhara
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Bukharan adj
boukhariote
Of or related to Bukhara, Uzbekistan.

Bukovina pn
Bucovine
A historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and adjoining plains, currently split between Romania and Ukraine.

Bulacan /ˌbʊˈlɑkæn/ /ˌbʊˈlɑːkæn/ [ˌbʊˈlɑkɛən] pn
Bulacain
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Bulakan pn
Bulacán
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Bulgaria /bʊlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ə/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹ.i.ə/ pn
Bulgarie
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Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ more Bulgarian most Bulgarian adj
bulgare
Relating to Bulgaria, its people, or the Bulgarian language.

Bulgarian /bʊlˈɡɑɹi.ən/ /bʊlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ /bʌlˈɡɛɹi.ən/ Bulgarians n
Bulgare bulgare
(countable) A native of Bulgaria.
bulgare
(uncountable) The official language of Bulgaria.

Bulverism n
bulvérisme
A rhetorical fallacy in which a speaker assumes that their opponent's argument is wrong, and instead of disproving it, condescendingly explains why their opponent would have come to that conclusion.

Bumfuck pn
Saint-Loinloin de Pas-Proche Trifouilly-les-Oies Outsiplou Tataouine Tombouctou coin
(vulgar, US) An imaginary place in the middle of nowhere.

Bunsen burner Bunsen burners n
bec Bunsen
(science) A small laboratory gas burner whose air supply may be controlled with an adjustable hole.

Burdigalian pn
Burdigalien

Burgas pn
Burgas
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Burgenland /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡənlænd/ pn
Burgenland
The easternmost and least populous federal state of Austria.

Burgundian /bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/ /bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/ adj
bourguignon
Pertaining to Burgundy, its people or its language.

Burgundian /bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/ /bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/ Burgundians n
Bourguignon Bourguignonne
A native or inhabitant of Burgundy, or a person descended from natives of Burgundy.
Burgonde
A member or descendant of the Burgundians, an East Germanic tribe.

Burgundian /bɜːɹˈɡʌndɪən/ /bɜːˈɡʌndɪən/ pn
Burgonde
The extinct East Germanic language of the Burgundians.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ Burgundies n
bourgogne
A variety of red wine from this region.

Burgundy /ˈbɜːɡəndi/ /ˈbɝːɡəndi/ pn
Bourgogne Burgondie
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Burkina Faso /bəɹˈkiːnə ˈfɑsoʊ/ pn
Burkina Faso
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Burkinabe /bɜɹˌkinəˈbeɪ/ /bɜː(ɹ)ˌkiːnəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜɹkinəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜː(ɹ)kiːnəˈbeɪ/ adj
burkinabè
Of, from, or pertaining to Burkina Faso, the Burkinabe people or the Burkinabe language.

Burkinabe /bɜɹˌkinəˈbeɪ/ /bɜː(ɹ)ˌkiːnəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜɹkinəˈbeɪ/ /ˌbɜː(ɹ)kiːnəˈbeɪ/ Burkinabes n
Burkinabè
A person from Burkina Faso or of Burkinabe descent.

Burma /ˈbɜːmə/ /ˈbɝmə/ pn
Birmanie
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Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ adj
birman birmane
Of or relating to Burma (Myanmar) or its people or language.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ Burmese n
Birman Birmane
A person from Myanmar or of Burmese descent.

Burmese /bɜːˈmiːz/ /bɝˈmiz/ pn
birman
The script in which the Burmese language is written.

Burnaby /ˈbɜɹnəbi/ pn
Burnaby
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Burton Coggles pn
Burton Coggles

Burundi /bʊˈɹʊndi/ pn
Burundi
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Burundian more Burundian most Burundian adj
burundais bouroundais
Of, from, or pertaining to Burundi, the Burundian people.

Burundian Burundians n
Burundais Bouroundais
A person from Burundi or of Burundian descent.

Burushaski pn
bourouchaski

Buryat adj
bouriate
From, of, or pertaining to, Buryatia

Buryatia pn
Bouriatie
A republic of Russia to the south-east of the country, with capital Ulan-Ude.

Busan pn
Pusan Busan
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Busanian Busanians n
Busanais Busanaise Busanaises
a native or resident of Busan

Buscemese /buːsɛˈmiːz/ adj
bouchemais
Of, from, or pertaining to Buscemi, the Buscemese people or the Buscemese dialect.

Buscemese /buːsɛˈmiːz/ Buscemeses n
Bouchemais Bouchemaise
A person from Buscemi.

Buscemi /buːˈsɛmi/ pn
Buscemi
a surname, especially of Sicilian ancestry

Bush /bʊʃ/ Bushes pn
Bush
A surname from Middle English.

Bushehr pn
Bouchehr
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Bushism pn
bushisme
The political philosophy associated with former US president George W. Bush or his father, former US president George H. W. Bush.

Bushman Bushmen n
Bochiman
A person who lives in the bush, especially a member of a community or ethnic group who lives in the bush.

Buzançais pn
Buzançais
A commune and town in the Indre department, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Byblian more Byblian most Byblian adj
byblien

Byblos pn
Byblos
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Byelorussian SSR /ˌbjɛləˈrʌʃən/ pn
Rss biélorusse
Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for Bolshevik Belarus which became a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1919–1991).

Byronian more Byronian most Byronian adj
byronien
Of or pertaining to British Romantic poet Lord George Gordon Byron (1788-1824) or his writings.

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ more Byzantine most Byzantine adj
byzantin
Of or pertaining to Byzantium.
(history) Belonging to the civilization of the Eastern Roman Empire between 331, when its capital was moved to Constantinople, and 1453, when that capital was conquered by the Turks and ultimately renamed Istanbul.
(figurative) Overly complex or intricate, especially of bureaucracy.

Byzantine /baɪˈzæntaɪn/ /bɪˈzæntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntaɪn/ /ˈbɪzəntiːn/ Byzantines n
Byzantin Byzantine
(historical) A native of Byzantium (modern-day Istanbul) or of the Byzantine empire

Byzantine Empire /ˈbɪzəntiːn ˈɛmpaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Empire byzantin
(historical) The predominantly Greek-speaking continuation of the Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages with its capital city being Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), originally known as Byzantium, which fell in 1453.

Byzantine Greek pn
grec byzantin
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during the time of the Byzantine Empire (C.E. 330–1453), preceded by Koine Greek and Early Medieval Greek and succeeded by Late Medieval Greek to Modern Greek. (ISO 639-3 code: grc shared with Classical Greek.)

Byzantine studies n
byzantinologie
(humanities) an interdisciplinary branch of the humanities that addresses the history, culture, costumes, religion, art, such as literature and music, science, economy, and politics of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantinologist Byzantinologists n
byzantinologue
One who studies Byzantinology.

Byzantium /bɪˈzænti.əm/ pn
Byzance
(historical, by extension) The Byzantine Empire.

Béarn pn
Béarn
(historical) A former viscounty in the southwestern French Pyrenees, which became part of the French royal domain before it was united with the French crown, together with Navarra, as a single feudal province of the French realm.

Bézier curve /ˈbɛz.i.eɪ/ Bézier curves n
courbe de Bézier
(mathematics, computer graphics) A type of parametric curve defined by a set of control points, two of which are the ends of the curve, while the others determine its shape. [From 1960s.]

Béziers pn
Béziers
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C /k/ /ks/ /s/ /siː/ /tʃ/ /ʃ/ pn
ut C do langage C
(programming) A particular high-level programming language from which many others are derived.
ut do
(British) Head of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6).
(stock symbol) Symbol for the company Citigroup Inc on the NYSE

C clef C clefs n
clé d'ut
(music) A clef indicating the position of one-lined C on a staff.

C language C languages n
langue C

C major n
do majeur ut majeur
(music) The major key with C as its tonic, and no sharps or flats, having the notes C, D, E, F, G, A, and B.
(music) The major chord with a root of C.

C minor n
do mineur ut mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes C, D, E♭, F, G, A♭, B♭/B
(music) the minor chord with a root of C

C++ pn
C++
(computer language) A multi-paradigm high-level compiled programming language, that is a more advanced form of C.

C-pop n
C-pop pop chinoise
(music genre) Chinese pop music influenced by western genres. It consists of two subgenres, Cantopop and Mandopop, though the gap between them has been narrowing.

CA CAs n
CA
(Scotland, Canada, AU, NZ, South Africa, accounting) Initialism of chartered accountant.

CADM CADMs n
cmdre cmdre.
(US, military, nautical, historical)

CADPAT pn
DcamC
(Canada, military) Acronym of Canadian disruption pattern.; The copyrighted digital pixelated squared camouflage pattern used by the Canadian Armed Forces first introduced early in the 21st-century, inspired by dual-tex and inspiring U.S. MARPAT that inspired U.S. UCP.

CAF pn
ARC FAC FC
(Canada, military, aviation) Initialism of Canadian Air Force., predecessor of and successor to the Royal Canadian Air Force

CAPTCHA /ˈkæp.t͡ʃə/ CAPTCHAs n
CAPTCHA Captcha
(computing, Internet) A computerized test requiring the human user to perform a task deemed to be difficult to automate, such as entering a displayed series of distorted characters or describing images, to demonstrate that they are a human and not a computer program.

CAR pn
RCA
Initialism of Central African Republic.

CAS pn
TAS
(legal, sport) Initialism of w:Court of Arbitration for Sport.

CBRN adj
NRBC

CBSA pn
ASFC
Initialism of Canada Border Services Agency.

CCAA pn
LACC
(Canada, law, finance) Initialism of Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act. (bankruptcy in Canada)

CCGC CCGCs n
CGCC

CCGS CCGSs n
NGCC
(nautical, military) Initialism of w:en:Canadian Coast Guard Ship.. The designation for vessels operated by the Canadian Coast Guard (CCG).

CCITT /ˌsiːsiːaɪtiːˈtiː/ pn
CCITT

CCP pn
PCC
Initialism of Chinese Communist Party. (Communist Party of China)

CCTV CCTVs n
vidéosurveillance
Initialism of closed-circuit television; video surveillance.

CCTV pn
CCTV
(broadcasting, China) Initialism of w:China Central Television.

CD /ˌsiːˈdiː/ CDs n
CD
Initialism of compact disc; a disc once commonly used to store data, and especially for the distribution of music and software.

CD burner CD burners n
graveur de CD
A device for recording audio, or saving data, onto a compact disc.

CD player CD players n
lecteur CD lecteur de CD
(consumer electronics) An electronic device that plays compact discs.

CD-ROM /siː.diːˈɹɒm/ CD-ROMs n
cédérom
compact disk - read only memory: an optical disc containing data that can be read (but not changed) by a computer

CDIC pn
SADC
(Canada, banking) Initialism of Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation.

CDN pn
CDN
Initialism of Côte-des-Neiges. TemplateParserError:LuaError

CDRE CDREs n
cmdre cmdre.
(US, military, nautical) commodore

CE pn
ÈC (ère commune)
Initialism of Common Era, Current Era or Christian Era. Equivalent of AD. Like other era initialisms, often written in small caps.

CEO CEOs n
PDG
(countable, business) Initialism of chief executive officer.

CF phraseologicalUnit
FC
Canadian Forces

CFA franc CFA francs n
franc CFA
A currency used in 12 African countries, guaranteed by the French treasury.

CFAV CFAVs n
NAFC

CFB CFBs n
BFC
(Canada, military) Initialism of Canadian Forces Base.

CFL pn
LCF
Initialism of Canadian Football League.

CIS pn
CEI
Initialism of Commonwealth of Independent States.

CJK pn
CJC
Initialism of Chinese, Japanese, Korean (languages typically grouped because they all use writing systems derived from Chinese characters)

CMHC pn
SCHL

CN Tower pn
Tour CN
A communications and observation tower in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

CNG n
GNC
(petrochemistry) Initialism of compressed natural gas.

CNIB pn
INCA

CNTRP pn
PNRTC
;

COMO COMOs n
cmdre cmdre.
(US, military, nautical)

COVID-19 /ˈkoʊ.vɪd naɪnˈtin/ /ˈkɒ.vɪd naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈkəʊ.vɪd naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈkʌ.vɪd naɪnˈtin/ pn
COVID-19 Covid-19
(disease) COVID-19 (disease)

CP pn
PC
Initialism of Canadian Press.

CPA CPAs n
CPA
(Canada, accounting) Initialism of chartered professional accountant.

CPC pn
PCC
(Canada, politics) Conservative Party of Canada, a political party in Canada

CPIL n
LDIP
Initialism of Code on Private International Law. (names of laws in Belgium, the Code de droit international privé / Wetboek van internationaal privaatrecht, and in Switzerland, the loi fédérale suisse sur le droit international privé / Schweizerisches Bundesgesetz über das internationale Privatrecht / legge federale svizzera sul diritto internazionale privato)

CPR CPRs n
RCP RCR
Initialism of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

CPSU pn
PCUS
Initialism of Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

CPU /(ˌ)siː(ˌ)piːˈjuː/ /ˌsi(ˌ)piˈju/ CPUs n
UC UCT
(computer hardware) Initialism of central processing unit.

CRA CRAs n
ARC
(finance) Initialism of credit reference agency.

CS pn
NC
(computer games) Initialism of Counter-Strike: a series of multiplayer first-person shooter video games that began in 1999.
(linguistics) Initialism of Church Slavonic.
(historical) Initialism of Confederate States.
(Mexico)

CSA pn
ASC
(Canada, spaceflight) Initialism of Canadian Space Agency.
ACNOR CSA
(Canada) Initialism of Canadian Standards Association.

CSE pn
CST
(Canada) Initialism of Communications Security Establishment.

CSEC pn
CSTC
(Canada) Initialism of Communications Security Establishment Canada.

CSIS /ˈsiː.sɪs/ pn
SCRS
(Canada) Acronym of w:en:Canadian Security Intelligence Service.

CSL pn
CSL
Initialism of Côte Saint-Luc. TemplateParserError:LuaError

CSTO pn
OTSC
Initialism of Collective Security Treaty Organisation.

CV CVs n
CV
Initialism of curriculum vitae.
PA
(US, navy) aircraft carrier, a diesel-powered warship launching and landing heavier than air flying vehicles (a nuclear-powered one is a CVN)

CVA CVAs n
AVC
(medicine) Initialism of cerebrovascular accident.

Cabernet Sauvignon /kæbə(ɹ)ˈneɪ səʊvɪˈnjɒn/ Cabernet Sauvignons n
cabernet sauvignon
A variety of red grape used principally in wine-making.
A wine made from such grapes.

Cabochien adj
cabochien

Cadillac /ˈkædəˌlæk/ /ˈkædɪlæk/ pn
Cadillac
A brand of luxury automobile, now part of the General Motors group
A surname from French.

Cadix pn
Cadix
commune in the Tarn Department in southern France.

Cadiz /kəˈdɪz/ /ˈkeɪ.diːz/ /ˈkɑːdɪz/ pn
Cadix Cadiz
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Caelum /ˈsiːləm/ pn
Burin
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a chisel.

Caelus pn
Uranus
(Roman god) The personification of the sky and heavens. Either the brother-husband or son-&-husband of Terra, with whom he fathered the Titans and the Cyclops. He is the Roman counterpart of Uranus.

Caen /kɑn/ /kɑ̃/ /kɒ̃/ pn
Caen
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Caesar /ˈkaɪzɑɹ/ /ˈkaɪzɑː/ /ˈkaɪzə/ /ˈkaɪzəɹ/ /ˈsizəɹ/ /ˈsiːzə/ Caesares Caesars pn
César
An ancient Roman family name, notably that of Julius Caesar.

Caesar salad Caesar salads n
salade César
(gastronomy, countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, generally made from romaine lettuce, croutons, parmesan cheese, coddled or hard-boiled eggs, fresh-ground black pepper and Worcestershire sauce.
A serving of such salad.

Caesar's wife must be above suspicion proverb
la femme de César ne doit pas être soupçonnée

Caesarean section Caesarean sections n
césarienne
Delivery of a baby through an incision in the womb.

Caesarism Caesarisms n
césarisme
autocracy

Cagayan /kɑɡəˈjɑn/ /kɑːɡəˈjɑːn/ pn
Cagayan
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Cagayan Valley pn
Vallée de Cagayan
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Cagliari /ˈkæljəɹi/ /ˈkɑːljəɹi/ /ˌkæliˈɑːɹi/ pn
Cagliari
Province of Sardinia, Italy.
Capital and port of Cagliari and also the capital of Sardinia.

Cagot /kəˈɡoʊ/ /kəˈɡəʊ/ Cagots n
cagot cagote

Cahors pn
Cahors
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Caiaphas /ˈkaɪ.ə.fəs/ pn
Caïphe
A Jewish high priest in the first century CE who is said to have organized the plot to kill Jesus.

Cain /keɪn/ [kʰeɪn] pn
Caïn
(biblical character) The son of Adam and Eve who killed his brother Abel.

Cairene adj
cairote
Of or pertaining to Cairo, the capital of Egypt.

Cairene Cairenes n
Cairote
A native or inhabitant of Cairo.

Cairo /keɪɹoʊ/ /kɛɹoʊ/ /ˈkaɪɹoʊ/ pn
Le Caire
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Cajetan /ˈkæd͡ʒətən/ pn
Gaétan Gaëtan
A en given name, of historical use.

Calabria /kəˈleɪbɹiːə/ /kəˈlæbɹiːə/ pn
Calabre
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Calabrian /kəˈleɪbɹiːən/ /kəˈlæbɹiːən/ Calabrians n
calabrais
An inhabitant or a resident of Calabria.

Calais /kæˈleɪ/ /ˈkæleɪ/ /ˈkælɪs/ pn
Calais
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Calapan /ˈkɑlɑpæn/ pn
Calapan
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Calcutta /kælˈkʌtə/ pn
Calcutta Kolkata
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Caleb /ˈkeɪ.ləb/ Calebs pn
Caleb
(Biblical) Caleb the son of Jephunneh, an Israelite who entered Canaan with Joshua.

Calgarian adj
calgarien
Of, from, or pertaining to Calgary.

Calgarian Calgarians n
calgarien
A native or inhabitant of Calgary.

Calgary /ˈkæl.ɡə.ɹi/ /ˈkæl.ɡɹi/ /ˈkæl.ɡ̩.ɹi/ pn
Calgary
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California /-njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfoɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔɹ.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.ni.ə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.njə/ /ˌkæl.ɪˈfɔː.nɪ.ə/ [ˌkʰæl.ɪˈfo̞ɹ.njə] Californias pn
Californie
Several places in the United States.

California Spangled Cat California Spangled Cats n
Californian spangled
(felinology) A domestic cat of an extinct medium-sized, short-haired breed, originating in the United States during the 1980s, which was bred to resemble a leopard.

California hazelnut California hazelnuts n
noisetier à long bec
A shrub with edible nuts, Corylus cornuta subsp. californica, native to the western edge of North America.

California quail California quail n
colin de Californie
A quail native to California and areas of neighboring states, but introduced elsewhere, Callipepla californica

California roll California rolls n
rouleau californien rouleau de sushi californien
(cuisine) A popular form of sushi in the United States, commonly made with avocado, cucumber, and crab meat, and wrapped with rice.

Californian more Californian most Californian adj
californien
Of or relating to California.

Californian Californians n
Californien Californienne
A native or resident of the state of California in the United States of America.

Californianize v
californianiser
To make or become Californian.

Caligulan more Caligulan most Caligulan adj
caligulien
Of or pertaining to Caligula (AD 12–41), Roman Emperor.

Calliope /kə.ˈlaɪ.ə.pi/ /kə.ˈliː.ə.pi/ pn
Calliope
(Greek god) The Muse of eloquence and epic or heroic poetry; the mother of Orpheus with Apollo.

Callirrhoë pn
Callirhoé Callirrhoé
(Greek god) A naiad, daughter of Oceanus and Tethys.

Callisto /kəˈlɪs.toʊ̯/ pn
Callisto
(Greek mythology) A nymph of Artemis.
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Callovian pn
Callovien

Caltanissetta pn
Caltanissetta
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Calvados /ˈkælvədɒs/ /ˈkælvədəʊs/ /ˈkɑlvədoʊs/ pn
Calvados
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Calvary /ˈkælvəɹi/ pn
Calvaire
The hill outside Jerusalem which is traditionally held to be the location of the crucifixion of Jesus.

Calvin /ˈkælvɪn/ pn
Calvin
A surname from French or Spanish, notably borne by John Calvin, French Protestant theologian.

Calvinism Calvinisms n
calvinisme
The Christian religious tradition based upon the doctrines and forms of Christian practice of several Protestant reformers, especially John Calvin, in contrast to Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anabaptism, and Arminianism. One distinctive trait of the system is its Augustinian doctrine of predestination, which teaches that God has elected some for salvation, apart from anything they do or believe.

Calvinist /ˈkælvənɪst/ /ˈkælvɪnɪst/ more Calvinist most Calvinist adj
calviniste
Of or pertaining to Calvinism or the Calvinists.

Calvinist /ˈkælvənɪst/ /ˈkælvɪnɪst/ Calvinists n
calviniste
(religion) A follower of Calvinism.

Camara Camaras pn
Camara
A surname from French.
A surname.

Camargue pn
Camargue
A sparsely-populated marshland area of southern France.

Cambodia [kæmˈboʊdi.ə] pn
Cambodge
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Cambodian adj
cambodgien
of, from, or pertaining to Cambodia, the Cambodian people, or the Khmer language

Cambodian Cambodians n
Cambodgien Cambodgienne
(countable) a person from Cambodia or of Cambodian descent

Cambrian /ˈkam.bɹɪ.ən/ /ˈkeɪm.bɹi.ən/ /ˈkæm.bɹi.ən/ pn
Cambrien
(geology) The Cambrian period.

Cambrian explosion /ˈkam.bɹɪ.ən ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/ /ˈkæm.bɹi.ən ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ Cambrian explosions pn
explosion cambrienne
(evolutionary, _, biology) The relatively rapid appearance, during the Cambrian Period around 541 million years ago, of most major animal phyla, as demonstrated in the fossil record.

Cambridge /ˈkeɪm.bɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɛm.bɹɪd͡ʒ/ pn
l'université de Cambridge
Ellipsis of University of Cambridge.
Cambridge
A city in the Regional Municipality of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.

Cambyses pn
Cambyse
An Old Persian male given name, particularly borne by Achaemenid kings of Persia.

Camelopardalis pn
Girafe
(constellation) A faint circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a giraffe.

Camelot /ˈkæməˌlɒt/ pn
Camelot
(Arthurian mythology) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The stronghold of King Arthur in the Arthurian legend.

Cameroon /kæməˈɹuːn/ pn
Cameroun
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Cameroonian Cameroonians n
Camerounais Camerounaise
A person from Cameroon or of Cameroonian descent.

Camilla /kəˈmɪlə/ Camillas pn
Camille
A en given name.

Camorra /kəˈmɒɹə/ /kəˈmɔɹə/ pn
camorra
A secret crime organization from Naples, Italy, equivalent to the Mafia of Sicily.

Camorrista /ˌkaməˈɹɪstə/ /ˌkɑməˈɹistə/ Camorristas Camorristi n
camorriste
A member of the Camorra criminal organization.

Campania pn
Campanie
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Campeche pn
Campeche
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Campigneulles-les-Grandes pn
Campigneulles-les-Grandes
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Campobasso pn
Campobasso
Province of Molise, Italy.
Town and capital of Campobasso and also the capital of Molise.

Camus pn
Camus
A surname from French.

Canaan /ˈkeɪneɪən/ /ˈkeɪniən/ /ˈkeɪnən/ pn
Canaan
The name of multiple places in North America named after the historic region, including:

Canaan Dog Canaan Dogs n
chien de Cannan
A herding dog native to Israel.

Canaanite /ˈkeɪnənaɪt/ more Canaanite most Canaanite adj
cananéen chananéen
Of or pertaining to this sect or its followers; Canaanitic.

Canaanite /ˈkeɪnənaɪt/ Canaanites n
Cananéen Cananéenne
A member of the ancient Semitic people who occupied Canaan before its conquest by Israelites.

Canada /ˈkænədə/ [kʰeənədə] [kʰɛəɾ̃əɾə] Canadas pn
Canada
(historical) Lower Canada 1791–1840 (also Canada East 1840–1867, now province of Quebec) or respectively Upper Canada (Canada West, now province of Ontario), often “the Canadas” (or politically, “United Canada” 1840–1867).
(historical) (1608–1763) The most active province of New France. Nowadays corresponds to the territory of much of Quebec, Ontario, and several US states (aligning with the Saint Lawrence River and Ottawa River plains and Great Lakes plains, and Laurentian Mountains)

Canada goose Canada geese n
bernache du Canada outarde
A large goose, Branta canadensis.

Canada lynx Canada lynxes n
lynx du Canada
A species of lynx, Lynx canadensis.

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] more Canadian most Canadian adj
canadien Canadien
Of, belonging to, or relating to Canada, its people or culture.
canadien
(informal) Of, belonging to, or relating to Canadian English.

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] Canadians n
Canadien Canadienne canadien
A native or inhabitant of Canada.
(sports, informal) Canadian national championship.
(sports) canoe (short for Canadian canoe, as opposed to kayak)

Canadian /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ən/ [kʰə.ˈneɪ.ɾi.ən] pn
anglais canadien
(informal) The English language (spoken or written) as used in Canada; Canadian English.

Canadian dollar Canadian dollars n
dollar canadien
The official currency of Canada.

Canadian football n
football football canadien
A game similar to American football played on a field of 110 yards long and 65 yards wide (with two 20 yard-long endzones) in which two teams of 12 players attempt to get an ovoid ball to the end of each other's territory.

Canadianism Canadianisms n
canadianisme québécisme
A word or phrase that originated in Canada, or has special meaning in Canada.

Canadianization Canadianizations n
canadianisation
The process of making or becoming Canadian or more Canadian.

Canadianize /kə.ˈneɪ.di.ə.naɪz/ /kə.ˈneɪ.djə.naɪz/ v
canadianiser
To make Canadian as to custom, culture, or style.

Canado-American adj
canado-américain
(Canada) Pertaining to the United States of America and Canada

Canarian adj
canarien

Canarian Canarians n
Canarien

Canary Islands /kəˈnɛəɹi ˌaɪləndz/ pn
Canaries îles Canaries
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Canberra /ˈkæmbɹə/ /ˈkænbəɹə/ /ˈkænbɹə/ /ˈkænˌbɛɹə/ pn
Canberra
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Cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ Cancers n
Cancer
Someone with a Cancer star sign.

Cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ pn
Cancer
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a crab.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the crab, ruled by the Moon and covering June 22 - July 22 (tropical astrology) or July 16 - August 15 (sidereal astrology).

Cancún /kɑːnˈkuːn/ pn
Cancún Cancun
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Candlemas /ˈkæn.dəl.məs/ Candlemases n
Chandeleur
The festival in the Christian year celebrated on February 2nd. It commemorates the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple.

Cane Corso /ˌkɑneɪ ˈkɔɹsoʊ/ /ˌkɑːneɪ ˈkɔːsəʊ/ Cane Corsos n
cane corso chien de cour italien
A dog of an Italian breed valued as a companion, guardian and hunter.

Canes Venatici pn
Chiens de chasse
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a pair of hunting dogs (Chara and Asterion) held on a leash by Boötes and following the bear Ursa Major.

Canis Major pn
Grand Chien
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It includes the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (sometimes called the Dog Star).

Canis Minor pn
Petit Chien
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dog following the hunter Orion. It is most notable for including the eighth brightest star in the night sky, Procyon.

Cannae /ˈkæniː/ pn
Cannes
(historical) A village in the Apulia region of south east Italy, known as the site of a battle in 216 B.C. in which the Carthaginians under Hannibal defeated the Romans

Cannizzaro reaction Cannizzaro reactions n
réaction de Cannizzaro
(organic chemistry) The disproportionation of an aldehyde into an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Canso /ˈkæn.soʊ/ pn
Canseau Canso
Ellipsis of Canso Crater.; TemplateParserError:LuaError; named after the town of Canso, Nova Scotia, Canada

Cantabria /kænˈtæbɹiə/ pn
Cantabrie
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Cantabrian more Cantabrian most Cantabrian adj
cantabrique
From, or pertaining to, Cantabria

Cantabrian Mountains pn
cordillère Cantabrique
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Cantal /kænˈtɑːl/ /kɑnˈtɑːl/ Cantals n
cantal
A type of cheese originally made in the south of France.

Cantal /kænˈtɑːl/ /kɑnˈtɑːl/ pn
Cantal
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Canterbury /ˈkæntəbəɹi/ /ˈkæntəbəɹɪ/ /ˈkæntəbɹɪ/ /ˈkɛntɘbɘɹi/ /ˈkɛntɘbɹi/ pn
Cantorbéry
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Canton /ˈkænˌtɒn/ /ˌkænˈtɒn/ pn
Canton Kouang-toung
Guangzhou, the capital and largest city of Guangdong, China.

Cantonese /kæn.təˈniz/ /kæn.təˈniːz/ adj
cantonais
Relating to the city of Guangzhou (Canton) or the province of Guangdong.
Relating to Cantonese people.
Relating to Cantonese language.
Relating to Cantonese food/cuisine.

Cantonese /kæn.təˈniz/ /kæn.təˈniːz/ Cantonese n
Cantonais Cantonaise
(countable) An inhabitant of Canton; a person of Canton descent.
cantonais
(uncountable) A dialect of the Cantonese language, spoken in Guangzhou (Canton), Hong Kong, Macau, and treated as the standard dialect of the Cantonese language.

Cantopop n
cantopop
(uncountable, music genre) Cantonese popular music, originating from Guangdong (Canton) and Hong Kong.

Canyon Diablo pn
canyon du Diable
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Cao Dai pn
caodaïsme
(religion) A syncretic monotheistic religion founded in the 20th century in Vietnam, which worships a deity of the same name.

Cap-Haïtien pn
Cap-Haïtien
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Cape Breton pn
Cap-Breton
Ellipsis of Cape Breton Island.
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Cape Breton Island /ˈkeɪp ˈbɹɛtən ˈaɪlənd/ pn
Île du Cap-Breton
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Cape Canaveral pn
Cap Canaveral
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Cape Horn pn
Cap Horn
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Cape Town /ˈkeɪp ˌtaʊn/ pn
Le Cap
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Cape Verde /keɪp ˈvɝd/ /keɪp ˈvɝdi/ pn
Cap-Vert
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Cape Verdean Cape Verdeans n
Cap-Verdien Cap-Verdienne Capverdien Capverdienne
A person from Cape Verde or of Cape Verdean descent.

Cape gooseberry Cape gooseberries n
amour en cage coqueret du Pérou
The fruit of this plant.

Cape lion Cape lions n
lion du Cap
A lion of the extinct population of subspecies Panthera leo melanochaita which inhabited the Cape of Good Hope.

Cape of Good Hope pn
cap de Bonne-Espérance
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Cape teal Cape teals n
canard du Cap
Anas capensis, a dabbling duck of open wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa

Cape wagtail Cape wagtails n
bergeronnette du Cap
A wagtail of species Motacilla capensis, of the family Motacillidae, widespread in southern Africa

Capella pn
Capella
(star) : A bright double star in the constellation Auriga; Alpha (α) Aurigae.

Capellen pn
Capellen
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Capernaum pn
Capharnaüm Capernaüm
A biblical town in Galilee, archaeological site.

Capetonian /keɪpˈtəniən/ Capetonians n
Capétonien Capétonienne
A person from Cape Town.

Capeverdean Crioulo pn
créoles du Cap-Vert
A creole language spoken in Cape Verde and divided into Santo Antão, São Vicente, São Nicolau, Sal, Boa Vista, Maio, Santiago, Fogo and Brava creoles.

Capitanian pn
Capitanien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Capitol pn
Capitole Capitole des [[États-Unis]]
The building in Washington, D.C., in which both houses of the Congress of the United States meet.

Capitol Hill pn
Capitol Hill Capitole colline du Capitole
The hill in Washington, D.C., on which the Capitol is located, where Congress holds its sessions.

Capitoline Hill pn
Capitole
The highest of the seven hills of Rome.

Cappadocia /-ˈdoʊkiə/ /kæpəˈdoʊʃə/ pn
Cappadoce
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Cappadocian /kæpəˈdəʊʃi.ən/ /kæpəˈdəʊʃən/ more Cappadocian most Cappadocian adj
cappadocien
Of or pertaining to Cappadocia.

Cappadocian /kæpəˈdəʊʃi.ən/ /kæpəˈdəʊʃən/ Cappadocians n
Cappadocien Cappadocienne
A native or inhabitant of Cappadocia.

Cappe Cappes pn
Cappe
A surname, from anglicization of Capitofsky.
Cappé
A surname from French, from French Cappé

Capricorn /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔɹn/ /ˈkæp.ɹɪˌkɔːn/ pn
Capricorne
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the goat, ruled by Saturn and covering December 22 – January 20 (tropical astrology) or January 15 – February 14 (sidereal astrology).

Capricornus /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːnəs/ /ˌkæpɹɪˈkɔːɹnəs/ pn
Capricorne
(constellation) a constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a goat

Capsian adj
capsien
(archaeology) of or pertaining to a Paleolithic culture of North Africa (named after primary findings there, in the now southern Tunisian oasis Gafsa) and southern Europe

Captain Planet /ˈkæptɪn ˈplanɪt/ /ˈkæptɪn ˈplænət/ pn
capitaine Planète
Anyone who wishes to save the environment with an ambitious plan.

Capuchin Capuchins n
capucin
A member of an order of Roman Catholic friars.

Caracalla /ˌkærəˈkælə/ pn
Caracalla
A Roman emperor who ruled from 211 to 217 C.E..

Caracas /kəˈɹækəs/ pn
Caracas
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Caravaggesque /ˌkæɹəvæˈdʒɛsk/ /ˌkæɹəvɑˈd͡ʒɛsk/ /ˌkɑɹəvɑˈd͡ʒɛsk/ more Caravaggesque most Caravaggesque adj
caravagesque
Reminiscent of the dramatic style of Caravaggio, Italian painter.

Caravaggio /ˌkæɹəˈvædʒiəʊ/ /ˌkæɹəˈvɑd͡ʒ(i)oʊ/ /ˌkɑɹəˈvɑd͡ʒ(i)oʊ/ pn
Caravage
Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio (1571–1610), an Italian painter known for the dramatism of his style and subjects.

Carbonarism /ˌkɑɹbəˈnɑɹɪzəm/ /ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːɹɪzəm/ n
carbonarisme
The principles, practices, or organization of the Carbonari.

Carboniferous adj
carbonifère
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises the lower, middle and upper Mississippian and lower, middle and upper Pennsylvanian epochs from about 345 to 280 million years ago, when coal was laid down.

Carboniferous pn
Carbonifère
(geology) the Carboniferous period

Carcassonne /ˌkɑɹkəˈsoʊn/ /ˌkɑɹkəˈsən/ /ˌkɑːkəˈsɒn/ /ˌkɑːkəˈsən/ pn
Carcassonne
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(board games) A board game where players have to place tiles and score features.

Cardiff /ˈkɑɹdɪf/ /ˈkɑːdɪf/ pn
Cardiff
(metonymic) the Welsh government
Synonym of Cardiff-by-the-Sea, California.

Care Bear Care Bears n
Bisounours Calinours
Any of a brand of cheerful bear figures, seen on greeting cards and as stuffed toys.

Care Bears pn
Bisounours Calinours
A fictional group of multi-colored bear characters, originally painted in 1981 by artist Elena Kucharik to be used on greeting cards from American Greetings but in 1983, the characters were turned into plush teddy bears.

Caria pn
Carie
A historical region in the southwest corner of Asia Minor.

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ adj
caraïbe caribéen
Pertaining to the sea and region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola).

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ Caribbeans n
Caribéen Caribéenne
(countable) A member of the Amerindian tribes that inhabited the Caribbean region before the arrival of the Europeans

Caribbean /kəˈɹɪbiən/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən/ pn
mer des Antilles
Caraïbes Caraïbe
The countries that occupy the region of the western Atlantic bounded by South America, Central America, and the islands of the West Indies (such as Cuba and Hispaniola)

Caribbean Hindustani pn
Hindoustani caribéen
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Caribbean, brought to the region from India.

Caribbean Netherlands /kəˈɹɪbi.ən ˈnɛðə(ɹ)ləndz/ /ˌkæɹɪˈbiːən ˈnɛðə(ɹ)ləndz/ pn
Pays-Bas caribéens
The three special municipalities of the Netherlands that are located in the Caribbean: Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, and Saba.

Caribbean Sea pn
mer des Caraïbes mer des Antilles
A tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico.

Carina pn
Carène
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the keel of a ship. It contains the star Canopus, the second brightest star in the night sky. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Carinthia /kəˈrɪnθiə/ pn
Carinthie
A federal state of modern Austria, with its capital in Klagenfurt.

Carlism n
carlisme
A political movement in Spain that seeks the establishment of a separate line of the Bourbon family on the Spanish throne.

Carmelite Carmelites n
carme carmélite
A member of the Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, a Catholic religious order focusing on contemplative prayer and the Virgin Mary.

Carmen /ˈkɑː(ɹ)mən/ pn
Carmen
A en given name in the nineteenth century.
(dated, rare) A en given name.

Carol pn
Carole
A en given name, popular in the middle of the 20th century.

Carolina chickadee Carolina chickadees n
mésange de Caroline
Poecile carolinensis, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Carolina parakeet Carolina parakeets n
conure de Caroline perroquet de Caroline perruche de Caroline

Carolina wren Carolina wrens n
troglodyte de Caroline
A common species of wren (Thryothorus ludovicianus) found throughout the eastern United States and nearby areas. It is the state bird of South Carolina.

Caroline /ˈkæ.ɹəˌlaɪn/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌlɪn/ /ˈkɛɹ.əˌlaɪn/ Carolines pn
Caroline
A en given name.

Carolingian /ˌkæɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkɛɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ more Carolingian most Carolingian adj
carolingien
Of or pertaining to the dynasty that ruled parts of western Europe from the 7th to the 9th centuries.

Carolingian /ˌkæɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkɛɹ.əˈlɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Carolingians n
carolingien
Any member of a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the seventh century.

Carpathians /kɑː(ɹ)ˈpeɪ.θi.ənz/ pn
Carpates Karpates Karpatique
A large mountainous system in Central Europe, mainly in Transylvania (Romania) and the Polish (Silesian)-Slovak border region.

Carpenter Carpenters pn
Carpenter Charpentier
A surname originating as an occupation derived from the trade name carpenter.

Carpentier Carpentiers pn
Carpentier

Carqueiranne pn
Carqueiranne
A town and commune of Southern France, located in Var, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.

Cartesian /kɑɹˈti.ʒən/ /kɑːɹ ˈtiːziən/ adj
cartésien
Of, or pertaining to, Descartes, his mathematical methods, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature.

Cartesian coordinate Cartesian coordinates n
coordonnées cartésiennes
(geometry) The coordinates of a point measured from an origin along a horizontal axis from left to right (the x-axis) and along a vertical axis from bottom to top (the y-axis). This can be extended to three-dimensions by the z-axis perpendicular to the x- and y-axes.

Cartesian coordinates n
coordonnées cartésiennes
(algebraic geometry) The coordinates of a point measured as its perpendicular distance to the right of a vertical axis (the y-axis) and its perpendicular distance above a horizontal axis (the x-axis).

Cartesian plane n
plan cartésien
(geometry) A coordinate plane, with an applied Cartesian coordinate system.

Cartesian product Cartesian products n
produit cartésien
(set theory) The set of all possible pairs of elements whose components are members of two sets. Notation: X \times Y = \{(x,y)\|x\in X \land y\in Y\}.

Cartesian space Cartesian spaces n
espace cartésien
(mathematics) Euclidean space described by Cartesian coordinates.

Cartesianism n
cartésianisme
The philosophical doctrines of René Descartes.

Carthage /ˈkɑɹθɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːθɪdʒ/ pn
Carthage
Several places in the United States:

Carthaginian /ˌkɑɹθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ /ˌkɑːθəˈd͡ʒɪniən/ adj
carthaginois
Of or pertaining to Carthage.

Carthaginian peace Carthaginian peaces n
paix carthaginoise

Carthusian /kɑɹˈθuʒən/ /kɑːˈθjuːzi.ən/ /kɑːˈθjuːzɪən/ more Carthusian most Carthusian adj
cartusien
Of, or relating to this order.

Carthusian /kɑɹˈθuʒən/ /kɑːˈθjuːzi.ən/ /kɑːˈθjuːzɪən/ Carthusians n
chartreux
A member of a Christian contemplative order of monks founded by Bruno of Cologne (St Bruno) in 1084.

Casablanca /kæsəˈblæŋkə/ pn
Casablanca
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Casanova /ˌkæsəˈnoʊvə/ /ˌkæsəˈnəʊvə/ /ˌkæzəˈnoʊvə/ /ˌkæzəˈnəʊvə/ Casanovas n
casanova
A man considered romantic and gallant, especially one who gives amorous attentions to women.
don Juan
A promiscuous, philandering man.

Caserta pn
Caserte
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Casimir /ˈkæzɪmɪɚ/ pn
Casimir
A en given name.

Caspar pn
Gaspard
(Biblical character) one of the Magi.
A en given name, more popular in the form Jasper.

Caspian /ˈkæspi.ən/ adj
caspien
Of or pertaining to Caspian Sea or the region around it.

Caspian Sea /ˈkæspi.ən ˈsiː/ pn
mer Caspienne
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Caspian gull Caspian gulls n
goéland pontique
Larus cachinnans, a large gull.

Cassandra /kəˈsæn.dɹə/ /kəˈsɑːn.dɹə/ pn
Cassandre
(Greek mythology) A prophetess who was daughter of King Priam of Troy and his queen Hecuba. She captured the eye of Apollo and was granted the ability to see the future; however, she was destined never to be believed.

Cassini oval Cassini ovals n
cassinoïde

Cassiopeia /ˌkæs.i.əˈpiː.ə/ pn
Cassiopée
(Greek mythology) Proud wife of Cepheus and mother of Andromeda, queen of Ethiopia. When she boasted that her beauty was equal to that of the Nereids, she was punished by Poseidon.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky representing Queen Cassiopeia from Greek myth. The constellation lies between Cepheus and Perseus and contains the stars Schedar and Caph.

Castelbiague pn
Castelbiague
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Castellet pn
Castellet-en-Luberon Le Castellet
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Castelnau's antshrike Castelnau's antshrikes n
batara de Castelnau
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus.

Castile /kasˈtiːɫ/ /kəsˈtiːl/ pn
Castille
A medieval kingdom (and previously a county) in the Iberian Peninsula.
A vaguely defined region of central Spain generally corresponding to the regions of Old and New Castile.

Castile and León pn
Castille-et-León
The largest of the autonomous communities of Spain, in the central north of the country.

Castile soap Castile soaps n
savon de Castille
A kind of fine, hard, white or mottled soap, originally made with olive oil.

Castile-La Mancha pn
Castille-La Manche
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Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ Castilians n
Castillan Castillane
A native of Castile.

Castilian /kəˈstɪljən/ pn
castillan
(inexact, sometimes, _, offensive) Synonym of Spanish, the language of Spain and its former colonies.

Castor pn
Castor
(Greek mythology) One of the Dioscuri
(star) A double star in the constellation Gemini; alpha (α) Geminorum.

Castrist Castrists n
castriste
A supporter of Fidel Castro (born 1926), Cuban communist revolutionary and politician who was Prime Minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976, and President from 1976 to 2008.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ adj
catalan
Of or pertaining to Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ Catalans n
Catalan Catalane
A native or inhabitant of Catalonia.

Catalan /ˈkæ.tə.lən/ /ˈkæ.tə.ˌlæn/ pn
catalan
The Romance language of Catalonia, an autonomous region in the northeast of Spain, also spoken in the Valencian autonomous region (where the language is officially named valencià), the Balearic Islands, Andorra, Roussillon in France, and the Sardinian city of Alghero.

Catalan Countries pn
Pays Catalans
The territories where Catalan is spoken, and these regions are Catalonia, Valencian Community, the Balearic Islands, the Aragon Strip and the Carxe (in Spain), the Northern Catalonia (in France), the Alghero (in Italy), and Andorra.

Catalanism Catalanisms n
catalanisme
(uncountable) Patriotic feeling of being Catalan.
(countable) A word or phrase typically used in Catalan-speaking areas.

Catalanness n
catalanité
Identification or conformity with Catalan values and customs.

Catalanophobia n
anticatalanisme catalanophobie
(rare) Dislike or hatred of the Catalan people, culture or language.

Catalanophone adj
catalanophone
(very, rare) Catalan-speaking.

Catalanophone Catalanophones n
catalanophone
(very, rare) Catalan speaker, Catalan-speaking person.

Catalina coupon Catalina coupons n
coupon de réduction (immédiate)

Catalonia /ˌkæt.əˈləʊn.i.ə/ pn
Catalogne
(historical) A traditional region and former principality, including the autonomous community of Catalonia, the Aragon Strip and the region of Northern Catalonia (France).

Catania Catanias pn
Catane
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A habitational surname from Italian.

Catanzaro pn
Catanzaro
Province of Calabria, Italy.
Town and capital of Catanzaro and also the capital of Calabria.

Cathar /ˈkæθɑɹ/ Cathari Cathars n
cathare
A member of certain so self-styled Novatian and other medieval Christian sects embracing a form of dualism and extraordinary practices purportedly adhering to Mary Magdalene's teachings, persecuted by Roman Catholics as heretics.

Catharist more Catharist most Catharist adj
cathare cathariste
Relating to Cathari or Catharism.

Cathay /kæˈθeɪ/ pn
Cathay
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Catherine /ˈkæθ(ə)ɹɪn/ pn
Catherine
A en given name.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ more Catholic most Catholic adj
catholique
Of the Western Christian church, as differentiated from e.g. the Orthodox church.
Of the Roman Catholic church in particular.

Catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ Catholics n
catholique
A member of a Catholic church.

Catholic Church Catholic Churches n
Église catholique
The Catholic Church, which consists of 24 particular churches in full communion with the Pope as the Bishop of Rome.

Catholicism /kəˈθɒlɪsɪzm/ Catholicisms n
catholicisme
The faiths, practices and doctrines of the Catholic Church, usually the Roman Catholic Church.

Catilinarian /ˌkætɪlɪˈnɛəɹiən/ more Catilinarian most Catilinarian adj
catilinaire

Caucasian /-ʃən/ /kɑˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.zɪ.ən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ more Caucasian most Caucasian adj
caucasien
Of or relating to the Caucasus region or its culture, languages, and people.
(anthropology, dated) Of a racial classification pertaining to people having certain phenotypical features such as straight, curly, or wavy hair and very light to brown pigmented skin, and originating from Europe, parts of Northern Africa and Central, South, and Western Asia.

Caucasian /-ʃən/ /kɑˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔˈkeɪ.ʒən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.zɪ.ən/ /kɔːˈkeɪ.ʒən/ Caucasians n
Caucasien Caucasienne
A native or inhabitant of the Caucasus.
Blanc Blanche Caucasien Caucasienne
(anthropology, dated) A member of the Caucasian racial classification (adjective sense 2).

Caucasian Albania pn
Albanie du Caucase
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Caucasian Albanian adj
albanien
Of or pertaining to Caucasian Albania.

Caucasian Albanian Caucasian Albanians n
Albanien Albanienne
A native or inhabitant of Caucasian Albania. Udi people are descended from them.
aghouanais albanien vieil oudi
The extinct Northeast Caucasian language once spoken by these people, and from which Udi is descended.

Caucasian shepherd Caucasian shepherds n
berger du Caucase

Caucasologist Caucasologists n
caucasologue

Caucasology n
caucasologie
The historical, linguistic or geopolitical studies of the Caucasus.

Caucasus /ˈkɔːkəsəs/ pn
Caucase
(geopolitical) A geopolitical region in Eastern Europe, deriving its name from the aforementioned mountains.

Cavalaire pn
Cavalaire
Short for Cavalaire-sur-Mer.

Cayenne /kaɪˈɛn/ /keɪˈɛn/ pn
Cayenne
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Cayes pn
Cayes, Les Cayes, Aux Cayes
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Cayman Islands pn
Îles Caïmans îles Caïmanes
(metonym) offshore bank accounts based in the Cayman Islands.

Caymanian adj
caïmanais
Of, from, or pertaining to the Cayman Islands, or the Caymanian people.

Caymanian Caymanians n
Caïmanais
A person born and raised in the Cayman Islands, or a person of Caymanian descent

Cazaux pn
Cazaux
A surname from Occitan.

Cazavet pn
Cazavet
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Ceará /seɪ.əˈɹɑː/ pn
Ceará
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Cebes pn
Cébès
An ancient Greek philosopher from Thebes.

Cebuano /sɛˈbwɑːnoʊ/ /sɛˈbwɑːnəʊ/ adj
cébouano cebuano
Pertaining to the Cebuano language or to its speakers.

Cebuano /sɛˈbwɑːnoʊ/ /sɛˈbwɑːnəʊ/ pn
cebuano visayan cébouano
A language spoken in the Philippines in and near the province of Cebu.

Cecilia /sɪˈsiːli.ə/ /sɪˈsɪli.ə/ pn
Cécile
A en given name.

Cecina pn
Cecina
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Cedric /ˈsɛdɹɪk/ Cedrics pn
Cédric
A en given name.

Celestial Empire pn
Céleste-Empire
Empire of China

Celia pn
Célia
A en given name.

Celine pn
Céline
A en given name.

Celsius /ˈsɛlsiəs/ /ˈsɛlʃəs/ adj
Celsius
Related to a metric temperature scale, originally defined as having the freezing point of water as 0 degrees and its boiling point as 100 degrees, at standard atmospheric pressure. The standardized definition has 0.01 °C as the triple point of water, and a difference in temperature of 1 °C corresponds to 1⁄273.16 of the difference in temperature between the triple point and the absolute zero.

Celsus pn
Celse
An ancient Greek philosopher of the Second Century.

Celt /kɛlt/ /sɛlt/ Celts n
Celte
(historical) A member of one of the ancient peoples of Western Europe called Celtae by the Romans.

Celtiberian /ˌkɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌkɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.aɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ /ˌsɛlt.ɪˈbɪ(ə)r.i.ən/ Celtiberians n
celtibère
A member of a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain, before and during the Roman Empire.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ more Celtic most Celtic adj
celtique celte
Of or relating to the Celts.

Celtic /ˈkɛltɪk/ /ˈsɛltɪk/ Celtics pn
celtique
A branch of the Indo-European languages that was spread widely over Western and Central Europe in the pre-Christian era.

Celtic Sea pn
mer Celtique
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Celtic cross Celtic crosses n
croix celtique

Celtic studies n
celtologie
(humanities) the academic discipline occupied with the study of any sort of cultural output relating to a Celtic people

Cenomanian pn
Cénomanien

Cenozoic /k/ /s/ /ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌkɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsinɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/ adj
cénozoïque
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Cenozoic era.

Cenozoic /k/ /s/ /ˌkeɪnəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌkɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsinɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsiːnɵˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌsɛnɵˈzəʊɪk/ pn
Cénozoïque
(geology) A geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon comprising the Paleogene, Neogene and Quaternary periods from about 65 million years ago to the present, when the continents moved to their current position and modern plants and animals evolved.

Centaurus /sɛnˈtɒrəs/ /sɛnˈtɔːrəs/ pn
Centaure
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky (and autumn of the southern sky) with the outline of a centaur. It includes the stars Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus and Toliman), Proxima Centauri, and Hadar.

Central Africa pn
Centrafrique centre d'Afrique
A core region of the African continent which includes Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda.

Central African adj
centrafricain
Of, from, or pertaining to Central Africa or to the Central African people.

Central African Central Africans n
Centrafricain
A person from Central Africa (the Central African Republic) or of Central African descent.

Central African Empire pn
Empire centrafricain
(historical) The Central African Republic state from 1976 to 1979.

Central African Republic /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈæfɹɪkən ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
République centrafricaine
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Central America /ˌsɛntɹəl əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Amérique centrale
The part of continental North America which lies between Mexico and South America.

Central American adj
centraméricain
Of or pertaining to Central America

Central Asia pn
Asie centrale
A landlocked area of continental Asia comprising Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. In the USSR and the modern Russia, the area is called Middle Asia (Средняя Азия).

Central Asian more Central Asian most Central Asian adj
centrasiatique
Of, from or pertaining to Central Asia.

Central Asian Central Asians n
Centrasiatique
A person from Central Asia.

Central Asian Ovcharka Central Asian Ovcharkas n
berger d'Asie centrale
(zoology) A breed of large dog usually used as a livestock guardian.

Central Europe /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊəɹəp/ /ˈsɛntɹəl ˈjʊɹəp/ pn
Europe centrale
A geographic region in the center of Europe, usually including Austria, Switzerland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Croatia and Germany.

Central European adj
centreuropéen médioeuropéen
Of, from, or pertaining to Central Europe, its people, or its culture.

Central Luzon pn
Luçon centrale
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Central Massif pn
Los Urrieles Massif central Massif des Urrieles
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Central Ostrobothnia pn
Ostrobotnie centrale

Central Park pn
Central Park
A large public, urban park in the borough of Manhattan in New York City.

Centre pn
Centre région Centre
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Centre County, Pennsylvania.

Centre-Val de Loire /ˌsɛntə væl ˈdə lwɑː/ /ˌsɛntə vɑːl ˈdə lwɑː/ pn
Centre-Val de Loire
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Cephalonia /ˌkɛfəˈləʊniə/ /ˌsɛfəˈləʊniə/ pn
Céphalonie
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the eastern Ionian Sea, the largest of the Ionian Islands.

Cephas /ˈsi.fəs/ pn
Céphas
The apostle Peter, using the name given to him by Jesus.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Cepheid variable Cepheid variables n
céphéide
(star) A radially pulsating (expanding and contracting) variable star with a regular period and known relationship between period and intrinsic brightness.

Cepheus /ˈsiːfi.əs/ /ˈsiːfjuːs/ pn
Céphée
(Greek mythology) Husband of Cassiopeia, king of Eritrea, father of Andromeda. There may be two mythical kings by this name.
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, located between Draco and Cassiopeia and representing the king Cepheus from Greek myth. It contains the star Alderamin.

Cerberus /ˈsɝbəɹəs/ pn
Cerbère
(Greek mythology) The giant three-headed dog who guards the entrance to Hades; and one of the many offspring of Echidna and Typhon.

Cerenkov effect /tʃɛˈɹɛŋkəf ɛˈfɛkt/ Cerenkov effects n
effet Cerenkov
(physics) The emission of light (Cerenkov radiation) that occurs when a charged particle passes through an insulator at a speed greater than the speed of light in that medium; the characteristic blue glow from a nuclear reactor.

Ceres /ˈsɪəɹiːz/ pn
Cérès
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of agriculture; equivalent to the Greek goddess Demeter.
(astronomy) A celestial body orbiting between Mars and Jupiter, the innermost dwarf planet; officially called (1) Ceres. (see usage notes)

Cetus pn
Baleine
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a whale. It includes the star Mira.

Ceylon /seɪˈlɑn/ /siˈlɑn/ /sɪˈlɒn/ pn
Ceylan

Chabadnik /həˈbɑdnɪk/ Chabadniks n
Habadnik
A member of the Chasidic group known as Chabad.

Chach pn
Tchatch
Former name of Tashkent.

Chad /t͡ʃæd/ pn
Tchad
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Chadian adj
tchadien
Of, from, or pertaining to Chad, a country in Africa.

Chadian Chadians n
Tchadien
A person from Chad or of Chadian descent.

Chadic more Chadic most Chadic adj
tchadique
(linguistics) Belonging or relating to the Chadic language family.

Chagatai /ˈt͡ʃɑːɡətaɪ/ pn
Chagatai Djaghataï Tchaghataï
A male given name of historical usage, most famously borne by the Mongol ruler Chagatai Khan (1183–1242), second son of Genghis Khan and first khan of the Chagatai Khanate, a medieval Mongol and later Turkicized khanate of Central Asia (divided after the 14th century).
tchaghataï turk-oriental
An extinct literary Turkic language used in Central Asia and Bashkortostan between the 15th and the 20th century.

Chaillot pn
Chaillot

Chakavian pn
tchakavien

Chalabre pn
Chalabre
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Chalcedon /kælˈsiːdən/ /ˈkeɪl.kəˌdɒn/ /ˈkælsɪˌdɒn/ pn
Chalcédoine
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Chaldea /kælˈdi.ə/ pn
Chaldée
A region in the southern portion of Babylonia, Lower Mesopotamia, lying chiefly on the right bank of the Euphrates, but commonly used to refer to the whole of the Mesopotamian plain.

Chaldean /kælˈdi.ən/ Chaldeans n
Chaldéen Chaldéenne
A native of Chaldea; a Chaldee.
A member of the Chaldean Catholic Church.

Chaldean Catholic Church pn
Église catholique chaldéenne
(Christianity) An Eastern Catholic particular church (sui juris), which uses the Chaldean rite, in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church.

Chaldiran pn
Tchaldiran
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Challenger Deep pn
Challenger Deep
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Cham /t͡ʃæm/ adj
cham
Pertaining to the Cham people or their language.

Cham /t͡ʃæm/ n
Chams
An ethnic group living in Cambodia and Vietnam.

Cham /t͡ʃæm/ pn
cham
The Malayo-Polynesian language spoken by these people.

Chamaeleon pn
Caméléon
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, imagined to resemble a chameleon, which lies south of the constellations Carina and Musca.

Chambord /ʃæmˈbɔːd/ /ʃɒ̃ˈbɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Chambord
(by ellipsis) The Castle of Chambord, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Chambéry pn
Chambéry
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Chamonix pn
Chamonix
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Champagne Champagnes n
Champagne
region of France

Champagne-Ardenne pn
Champagne-Ardenne
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Champenois adj
champenois

Champenois Champenois n
Champenois Champenoise

Champenois pn
champenois
A Romance language or dialect.

Champions League pn
Ligue des champions
(soccer) The highest-level European club football (soccer) tournament, organised by UEFA.

Chancel Chancels pn
Chancel

Chandannagar pn
Chandernagor
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Changhsingian pn
Changxing'ien

Channel pn
Channel
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Channel Islands /ˈtʃænəl ˌaɪləndz/ pn
archipel Normand îles Anglo-Normandes îles de la Manche
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Channel Tunnel pn
le tunnel sous la Manche
(rail) The man-made tunnel under the English Channel joining England and France.

Channel-Port aux Basques /ˈt͡ʃæn.əl ˈpɔɹt oʊ ˈbæsk/ pn
Channel-Port-aux-Basques Channel–Port-aux-Basques

Chaoyang /(ˈ)t͡ʃaʊˈjæŋ/ /-jɑŋ/ pn
Chaoyang
Any of several towns, cities and districts in China:
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Chaplinesque more Chaplinesque most Chaplinesque adj
chaplinesque
Reminiscent of Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin (1889–1977), English comic actor and film director of the silent film era.

Chapman's antshrike Chapman's antshrikes n
batara de Chapman
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus zarumae).

Chardonnay /ˌʃɑː(ɹ)dəˈneɪ/ Chardonnays n
chardonnay
(countable) A green-skinned grape variety used to make a white wine.
(uncountable) A variety of wine made from this grape.

Charente pn
Charente
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Charente-Maritime pn
Charente-Maritime
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Charest Charests pn
Charest

Chariclea pn
Chariclée

Charites pn
Charites

Charlemagne /ˈʃɑɹləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːləˌmeɪn/ /ˈʃɑːrləmeɪn/ /ˌʃɑːrləˈmeɪn/ pn
Charlemagne
One of the kings of the Franks from 768 to 814, crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800 until his death in 814.

Charlene /ʃɑɹˈlin/ pn
Charlène
A en given name; most used in the U.S. in the 1940s.

Charleroi /ˈʃɑː(ɹ)ləɹwɑː/ /ˈʃɑː(ɹ)ləɹɔɪ/ pn
Charleroi
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Charles /t͡ʃɑɹlz/ /t͡ʃɑːlz/ /t͡ʃɑ˞lz/ Charleses pn
Charles
A en given name.

Charles's law /ˌtʃɑːlz ˈlɔː/ pn
loi de Charles
(physics) The law stating that the density of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

Charline Charlines pn
Charline

Charlotte /ˈʃaɹlət/ /ˈʃaːlət/ /ˈʃɑɹlət/ /ˈʃɑːlət/ pn
Charlotte
A en given name.

Charon /-ɹən/ /ˈkɛəɹɑn/ /ˈkɛəɹɒn/ /ˈkɛəɹən/ /ˈkɛːrən/ /ˈʃɛəɹɑn/ pn
Charon
(astronomy) The largest of the five moons of Pluto.

Charpentier Charpentiers pn
Charpentier

Charron Charrons pn
Charron

Chartism Chartisms pn
chartisme
(historical) A working-class movement for political and social reform in the United Kingdom during the mid-19th century.

Chartist adj
chartiste
(historical) Relating to Chartism.

Chartist Chartists n
chartiste
(historical) A supporter of the Chartism reform movement in the United Kingdom.

Chartres /ʃɑɹt/ /ʃɑːt/ /ˈʃɑɹtɹə/ /ˈʃɑːtɹə/ pn
Chartres
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A surname.

Chartres blue Chartres blues n
bleu de Chartres
(colour, glassworking) A shade of blue created for the stained glass windows of Chartres Cathedral, containing traces of red for enhancement.

Charybdis /kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ pn
Charybde
(Greek mythology) A personification of the above whirlpool as a female monster.

Chattian pn
Chattien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.

Chaucerian /tʃɔːˈsɪəɹɪ.ən/ /t͡ʃɔˈsɪɹi.ən/ more Chaucerian most Chaucerian adj
chaucérien
(literature) Of or pertaining to Geoffrey Chaucer or his writings.

Chavismo n
chavisme
a left-wing populist ideology based on the policies of Hugo Chávez, the former president of Venezuela (2002-2013), and the politics of the Bolivarian Revolution (Bolivarianism).

Chavista Chavistas n
chaviste
A follower of Hugo Chávez or Chavism.

Cheboksary /ˌt͡ʃɛbɒkˈsæɹiː/ pn
Tcheboksary
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Chebyshev's inequality pn
inégalité de Tchebychev
(statistics) The theorem that in any data sample with finite variance, the probability of any random variable X that lies k or more standard deviations away from the mean is no more than 1/k2, i.e. assuming mean μ and standard deviation σ, the probability is:

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ Chechens n
Tchétchène
A member of a Nakh people of the northern Caucasus and resident in the Russian republic of Chechnya.

Chechen /ˈtʃɛ.tʃən/ /ˈtʃɛ.tʃɛn/ pn
tchétchène
The language of the Chechens, a member of the Nakh family.

Chechnya /ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ni.ə/ [ˈt͡ʃɛtʃ.ɲi.ə] pn
Tchétchénie
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Cheddar cheese Cheddar cheeses n
cheddar fromage Cheddar
Any similar cheese made anywhere in the world.

Cheerios /ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊz/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹ.i.oʊz/ pn
Cheerios
A toroidal toasted oat cereal made by General Mills.

Chefchaouen pn
Chefchaouen Chefchaouène
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Cheka /ˈtʃɛkə/ pn
Tchéka
(historical) The first of a succession of Soviet state security organizations, created in 1917.

Chekhov's gun /t͡ʃɛ.kʰɔfs ɡʌn/ pn
fusil de Tchekhov
(literature) A dramatic principle that states that every element in a story must be necessary, and irrelevant elements should be removed.

Chekhovian more Chekhovian most Chekhovian adj
tchékhovien
Of or pertaining to Anton Chekhov (1860–1904) or his writings.

Chekist Chekists n
tchékiste
(historical) An agent of the Cheka, the Soviet Russian secret police from 1917 to 1922, replacing the Okhrana secret police of Tsarist Russia; succeeded by the OGPU and NKVD.

Chelyabinsk /tʃɛlˈjæbɪnsk/ pn
Tcheliabinsk
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Chemnitz /ˈkɛmnɪts/ pn
Chemnitz
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Chengdu /t͡ʃæŋ-/ /t͡ʃɑŋ-/ /t͡ʃɛŋ.du/ /t͡ʃʌŋ-/ pn
Chengdu
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Chennai /ˈt͡ʃɛnaɪ/ pn
Chennai
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Chenonceaux pn
Chenonceaux
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Chenoy Chenoys pn
Chenoy

Cheops /ˈkiɑːps/ /ˈkiːɒps/ pn
Chéops Khéops
a pharaoh of Egypt, who ruled in the first half of the Old Kingdom period (26th century BC) and is renowned as the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza

Cher /ʃɛə/ /ʃɛɹ/ pn
Cher
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Cherkessk pn
Tcherkessk
The capital city of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.

Chernihiv /-ˈnihɪv/ /t͡ʃəɹˈnihiv/ /t͡ʃəˈniːhiːv/ /t͡ʃɛɹ-/ /ˈt͡ʃəɹnəˌhiv/ pn
Tchernigov Tchernihiv
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Chernivtsi /t͡ʃəniːvˈtsiː/ /t͡ʃəɹnivˈtsi/ /t͡ʃəɹˈnivtsi/ /t͡ʃəˈniːvtsi/ pn
Tchernivtsi Tchernovtsy Tchernowitz
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Chernobyl /tʃɜːˈnɒbəl/ /tʃɜːˈnəʊbəl/ /t͡ʃɚˈnoʊbəl/ pn
Tchernobyl
(by extension) The 1986 nuclear accident which resulted in the abandonment of the aforementioned city.

Chernov Chernovs pn
Tchernov
A surname from Russian.

Cherokee /ˈt͡ʃɛ.ɹə.ˌkiː/ pn
Cherokees
An indigenous North American people.
cherokee chérokî
Their Iroquoian language, spoken in Oklahoma and North Carolina.
A syllabary for the Cherokee language invented by Sequoyah.

Cheshire cat /ˌtʃɛʃə ˈkat/ /ˌtʃɛʃɚ ˈkæt/ Cheshire cats pn
chat de Chester chat du Cheshire
A fictional cat with a broad fixed grin, made popular by Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland (1865).

Cheshire cheese Cheshire cheeses n
cheshire chester
A dense and crumbly cheese produced in the English county of Cheshire.

Cheyenne /ʃaɪˈɛn/ Cheyenne Cheyennes n
Cheyenne
A member of an indigenous people of the Great Plains in North America.

Chianti /kiˈænti/ /kiˈɑnti/ /kɪˈantɪ/ Chiantis n
chianti
A Tuscan red wine.

Chiasso pn
Chiasso
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Chiasson Chiassons pn
Chiasson

Chicago /ʃəˈkɑː.ɡo/ /ʃəˈkɔː.ɡo/ /ʃɪˈkɑ.ɡoʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɑː.ɡəʊ/ /ʃɪˈkɔ.ɡoʊ/ [ʃɪˈkä(ː).ɡo] pn
Chicago
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Chickasaw /ˈtʃɪkəsɔː/ Chickasaw Chickasaws n
Chickasaw
A member of a Native American tribe/nation, now concentrated in southeastern Oklahoma.

Chickasaw /ˈtʃɪkəsɔː/ pn
Chickasaw
The Muskogean language of this tribe.

Chiers /ʃiˈɛə(r)/ pn
Chiers
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Chieti pn
Chieti
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Chihuahua /t͡ʃɪˈwaʊ(w).ə/ /t͡ʃɪˈwɑːwɑː/ Chihuahuas n
chihuahua
The smallest breed of dog in the world, originating in Mexico and having large erect ears.

Childermas Childermases pn
massacre des Innocents
(Christianity) A religious service and holiday commemorating the supposed Massacre of the Innocents in Judea around the time of the birth of Christ, typically observed on 28 December in Western Christianity and 29 December in Eastern Christianity; in Spanish and Latin American contexts, the day is frequently filled with light-hearted pranks similar to April Fools' Day.

Chile /ˈt͡ʃileɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃilɛ/ /ˈt͡ʃiː.leɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃɪl.e/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ pn
Chili
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Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ adj
chilien chilienne
Of, from, or pertaining to the nation or culture of Chile or its people.

Chilean /t͡ʃɪˈleɪən/ /t͡ʃɪˈliːən/ /ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ Chileans n
Chilien Chilienne
A person from Chile or of Chilean descent.

Chilean eagle Chilean eagles n
buse aguia
the black-chested buzzard eagle, Geranoaetus melanoleucus (formerly Buteo melanoleucus).

Chilean flamingo Chilean flamingos n
flamant du Chili
a species of flamingo, Phoenicopterus chilensis, found in temperate South America

Chilean pine Chilean pines n
pin du Chili
A monkey puzzle (tree).

Chilean tinamou Chilean tinamous n
Tinamou perdrix
A tinamou, Nothoprocta perdicaria.

Chimera /kaɪˈmɪɹə/ /kəˈmɪɹə/ /kɪˈmɪəɹə/ /kʌɪˈmɪəɹə/ pn
Chimère chimère
(Greek mythology) A supposed fire-breathing monster in Lycia with the head of a lion, body of a goat, and tail of a dragon or snake, killed by the hero Bellerophon.

China /ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ [ˈt͡ʃ(ʰ)aɪ̯nə] Chinas pn
Chine
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers in East Asia, taken as a whole under its various dynasties.
The principal state in this country, including (historical) an empire under various dynasties and (since 1949) the People's Republic of China.

China proper pn
Chine propre
China excluding Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, Tuva, and Xinjiang.

China syndrome China syndromes n
syndrome chinois
(idiomatic, nuclear physics, uncountable) A hypothetical kind of catastrophic failure in which a nuclear reactor melts through the floor of its containment system and penetrates the Earth's surface, continuing downward as if (from a Western Hemispheric point of view) traveling through the planet toward China.

Chinaman /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəmən/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəmɪn/ Chinamen n
Chinois
(dated, now, offensive) A Chinese person, or person of Chinese descent.

Chinantec more Chinantec most Chinantec adj
chinantèque

Chinantec Chinantecs n
Chinantèque

Chinatown /ˈtʃaɪnətaʊn/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪnəˌtaʊn/ Chinatowns n
quartier chinois
A district of a city or town (in a country other than China) in which there is a large concentration of Chinese residents and businesses.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] more Chinese most Chinese adj
chinois chinoise
Of, from, or related to a language native to Han Chinese persons, often used generally of Chinese characters or particularly to refer to Standard Mandarin.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] Chinese Chineses n
Chinois Chinoise
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from China or of Chinese descent.
chinois
(uncountable) Chinese cuisine.

Chinese /t͡ʃaɪˈniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪniːz/ /ˈt͡ʃaɪˌniz/ /ˈt͡ʃʌɪˌniz/ /ˌt͡ʃaɪˈniz/ /ˌt͡ʃʌɪˈniz/ [ˈt͡ʃəɪˌniˑz] [ˌt͡ʃəɪˈniːz] pn
Chinois chinois
(uncountable, collective) The citizens of China, particularly citizens of the People's Republic of China.
chinois langue chinoise
(uncountable) The branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family including Mandarin, Cantonese, Shanghainese, Minnan, and other closely related language varieties and dialects.

Chinese Crested Dog Chinese Crested Dogs n
chien chinois à crête
A toy dog that resembles a long-snouted Chihuahua with tufts of hair about the head and ears, tail and feet.

Chinese New Year Chinese New Years n
nouvel an chinois
An annual Chinese holiday, marking the beginning of a new year according to the traditional Chinese calendar.

Chinese Taipei pn
Taipei chinois
A name under which the Republic of China (Taiwan) participates in international organisations.

Chinese alligator Chinese alligators n
alligator de Chine

Chinese character Chinese characters n
caractère chinois hanzi sinogramme kanji
Any character used in the written form of several languages of China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

Chinese checkers n
dames chinoises
A board game played by two to six people, in which players aim to move their own pieces to the corner opposite their starting position by single moves or jumps over other pieces.

Chinese cinnamon n
cannelier de Chine
An evergreen tree (Cinnamomum cassia) originating in southern China, and widely cultivated for its aromatic bark, which is used to produce cinnamon.
cannelle de Chine casse
The bark of this tree when used as spice, and when distinguishing it from "true cinnamon", the bark of the C. verum.

Chinese crocodile lizard Chinese crocodile lizards n
lézard crocodile de Chine
A semiaquatic anguimorph lizard, Shinisaurus crocodilurus, found only in cool forests in southeastern China and northeastern Vietnam.

Chinese dragon Chinese dragons n
dragon chinois
(mythology) A legendary creature, usually depicted as long and snake-like, with many claws, common in several East Asian cultures.

Chinese dumpling Chinese dumplings n
ravioli chinois

Chinese hibiscus Chinese hibiscuses n
hibiscus rose de Chine
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, native to east Asia.

Chinese jump rope n
jeu de l'élastique
A children's game in which two participants hold a string of rubber bands tied in a circle with their feet and a third participant is challenged to make a certain series of moves in relation to the string successfully.

Chinese lantern Chinese lanterns n
lampion
A paper lantern in bright colours used for decorative purposes, commonly painted with Chinese art and calligraphy motifs.

Chinese macaroni n
macaroni chinois

Chinese mugwort n
armoise chinoise armoise de Chine
A herbaceous perennial plant from one of two species, Artemisia argyi or Artemisia verlotiorum, used in traditional Chinese medicine.

Chinese mushroom Chinese mushrooms n
champignon chinois

Chinese numeral Chinese numerals n
chiffre chinois
(arithmetic) Any of the symbols 〇 (or 零), 一, 二, 三, 四, 五, 六, 七, 八, 九, 十, 百, 千, 萬 / 万, 億 / 亿, etc. used to represent numbers in Chinese-speaking countries/areas, Japan, at some stage in Korea and Vietnam.

Chinese pangolin Chinese pangolins n
pangolin de Chine pangolin à courte queue
Any of species Manis pentadactyla of pangolins.

Chinese studies n
sinologie
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Chinese language, Chinese linguistics, and Chinese sociolinguistics.

Chinese water torture n
supplice de la goutte d'eau
A form of torture in which water is repetitively dripped onto the forehead of a victim who is restrained.

Chinese whispers n
téléphone arabe téléphone sans fil
(games, mostly, UK) A game for several players in which a phrase, whispered by each person in turn to their neighbour, is often unwittingly misunderstood as it is transferred, to humorous effect by the time it reaches the last person and is compared with the original phrase.

Chink /t͡ʃɪŋk/ Chinks n
chinetoc chinetoque chintok
(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of perceived Chinese ethnicity.

Chios /ˈki.ɑs/ /ˈkiː.ɒs/ pn
Chio
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Chiron /ˈkaɪɹən/ pn
Chiron
(Greek mythology) An old, wise centaur who served as Achilles' mentor and teacher.
(astronomy, astrology) A centaur (minor planet) and comet-like/asteroid-like object, orbiting between Saturn and Uranus.

Chita /t͡ʃɪˈtɑː/ /t͡ʃɪˈtə/ pn
Tchita
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Chitral pn
Chitral Chitrâl
The capital of the Chitral District, situated on the western bank of the Chitral River, in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It also served as the capital of the princely state of Chitral until 1969.

Chittagonian pn
chittagonien
A language spoken in the Chittagong District and Cox's Bazar District of south-eastern Bangladesh as well as neighbouring areas in India and Myanmar, often treated as a dialect of Bengali.

Chișinău /ˌkɪʃɪˈnaʊ/ pn
Chisinau Chișinău Kichinev
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Chloe /ˈkloʊ.i/ pn
Chloé
A en given name

Chloris pn
Chloris
(Greek god) A nymph and the goddess of flowers and spring. She is a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys, the wife of Zephyrus, and mother of Karpos. Her Roman counterpart is Flora.

Cholon pn
Cholon
the Chinatown of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Chomsky pn
Chomsky
A surname.

Chongqing /t͡ʃɑŋˈt͡ʃɪŋ/ /t͡ʃɒŋˈt͡ʃɪŋ/ pn
Chongqing Tchongking
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Chopin Chopins pn
Chopin
A surname from French.

Chopinian more Chopinian most Chopinian adj
chopinien
Of or pertaining to Frédéric Chopin.

Chorasmia /kəˈɹæzmi.ə/ pn
Chorasmie
A large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia.

Chorasmian /kɒˈɹæz.mɪ.ən/ /kəˈɹæz.mi.ən/ adj
chorasmien chorasmienne chorasmiennes chorasmiens
of, from, or pertaining to Chorasmia

Chorasmian /kɒˈɹæz.mɪ.ən/ /kəˈɹæz.mi.ən/ Chorasmians n
Chorasmien Chorasmienne Chorasmiennes Chorasmiens
a person from Chorasmia

Chorasmian /kɒˈɹæz.mɪ.ən/ /kəˈɹæz.mi.ən/ pn
chorasmien
an extinct Eastern Iranian language once spoken in Chorasmia

Chornobaivka pn
Tchornobaïvka

Chosen People n
peuple élu

Chouinard Chouinards pn
Chouinard

Chow Chow Chow Chows n
chow-chow
A chow, a Chinese breed of dog.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ interjection
bon Dieu de merde crisse
An expletive.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ Christs n
Christ
(arts) A figure or other artistic depiction of Jesus Christ.

Christ /kɹaɪst/ pn
Christ Messie
(Christianity) The anointed one, the Messiah predicted by the Old Testament.
Christ
(Christianity) A title given to Jesus of Nazareth, seen as the fulfiller of the messianic prophecy.

Christ child pn
enfant Jésus
(Christianity) the child Jesus

Christadelphian adj
christadelphe
Pertaining to the Christadelphians.

Christadelphian Christadelphians n
christadelphe
A member of a particular nontrinitarian Christian denomination founded in the mid-19th century.

Christchurch /ˈkɹaɪs(t).tʃøːtʃ/ /ˈkɹaɪst.tʃɜːtʃ/ pn
Christchurch
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Christendom /ˈkɹɪsn̩dəm/ Christendoms n
chrétienté
The Christian world; Christ's Church on Earth. [from 14th c.]

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ more Christian most Christian adj
chrétien chrétienne
(not comparable) Of, like or relating to Christianity or Christians.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ Christians n
chrétien chrétienne
(obsolete, England) A European, especially though not necessarily of the Christian religion.

Christian /ˈkɹɪstjən/ /ˈkɹɪst͡ʃən/ /ˈkɹɪʃt͡ʃən/ Christians pn
Christian
A en given name found in England since the twelfth century.
A en given name of medieval usage, rare today.

Christian name Christian names n
nom de baptême
(Christianity) A first name formally given to a child at a Christian baptism.

Christiana Christianas pn
Christiane
A en given name.
A surname originating as a matronymic.

Christianity /ˌkɹɪstiˈænɪti/ /ˌkɹɪst͡ʃiˈænɪti/ Christianities pn
christianisme chrétienté
An Abrahamic religion originating from the community of the followers of Jesus Christ.

Christianization Christianizations n
christianisation
The act or process of converting or being converted to Christianity.

Christianize v
christianiser
(transitive) To cause to convert to Christianity.

Christianophile Christianophiles n
christianophile
One who loves or admires Christians, Christianity or Christian culture.

Christianophobe Christianophobes n
christianophobe

Christianophobia n
christianophobie christophobie

Christina /kɹɪsˈtiːnə/ pn
Christine
A en given name.

Christmas /ˈkɹɪsməs/ Christmases Christmasses pn
Noël
(originally, Christianity) A festival or holiday commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ and incorporating various Christian, pre-Christian, pagan, and secular customs, which in Western Christianity is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas Day) in most places.

Christmas Day Christmas Days n
jour de Noël
The day on which Christmas is celebrated. It is December 25 in the West, and January 7 in some Eastern Orthodox churches.

Christmas Eve Christmas Eves pn
réveillon de Noël veillée de Noël nuit de Noël
The evening before Christmas Day.
réveillon de Noël veille de Noël veillée de Noël nuit de Noël
The day before Christmas Day.

Christmas Island pn
île Christmas Île Christmas
A non-self-governing territory of Australia, located in the Indian Ocean.

Christmas cake Christmas cakes n
gâteau de Noël
A rich fruit cake covered with marzipan and icing, traditionally eaten at Christmas.

Christmas card Christmas cards n
carte de Noël
A greeting card that is decorated in a manner that celebrates Christmas.

Christmas carol Christmas carols n
chant de Noël noël
(music genre) A carol (song or hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas.

Christmas market Christmas markets n
marché de Noël

Christmas pudding Christmas puddings n
pudding de Noël
A rich dessert traditionally eaten at Christmas, made from dried fruit and nuts.

Christmas season Christmas seasons n
temps de Noël
Christmastide, Yuletide; the Twelve Days of Christmas, starting on Christmas Day and ending on Epiphany, January 6.
saison des étrennes
(US, informal, retail, and, marketing) The winter season starting around Thanksgiving (typically Black Friday) and ending at or about New Year's Eve.

Christmas tree /ˈkɹɪsməs tɹiː/ Christmas trees n
arbre de Noël sapin de Noël
A conifer used during the Christmas holiday season, typically decorated with lights and ornaments and often a star or angel at its tip.

Christmastime Christmastimes n
période de Noël
Christmas season; Christmastide; yuletide

Christopher /ˈkɹɪs.tə.fɚ/ pn
Christophe
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Chronicles pn
Chroniques
(biblical) A book of the Jewish Tanakh, divided into two Books of Chronicles in the Christian Bible.

Chronos pn
Chronos
(Greek god) The personification of time.

Chrysanthemum Throne pn
trône du Chrysanthème
(metonymically) The Japanese monarchy.

Chrysaor pn
Chrysaor
(Greek mythology) A son of Poseidon and Medusa and brother of the winged horse Pegasus, often depicted as a young man, who sprang along with Pegasus from the blood of the decapitated Medusa.

Chrysostom /ˈkɹɪsəstəm/ pn
chrysostome
The epithet of John Chrysostom, Dio Chrysostom and several other people, given to them for their eloquence.

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ adj
tchouktche
Relating to or coming from Chukotka.

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ Chukchi Chukchis n
Tchouktche
(countable) A person belonging to the Chukchi nation native to the Chukotka peninsula

Chukchi /ˈt͡ʃukt͡ʃiː/ pn
tchouktche
(uncountable) A Paleosiberian language spoken by Chukchi people in the easternmost extremity of Siberia, mainly in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.

Chukchi Sea pn
mer des Tchouktches
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Chukotka pn
Tchoukotka
A peninsula in the northeastern extremity of Asia; Chukchi Peninsula
(astronomy) 2509 Chukotka, an asteroid.

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug pn
Okrug autonome de la Tchoukotka
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Chukotko-Kamchatkan pn
tchoukotko-kamtchatkien tchouktche-kamtchadale

Chur /kuːɹ/ pn
Coire
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Church Father /ˈt͡ʃɜːt͡ʃ fɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃɝt͡ʃ fɑ.ðɚ/ Church Fathers n
père de l'Église
(Christianity) One of a number of male Christian writers from Antiquity whose doctrinal work is considered authoritative by the later church.

Church of England pn
Église d'Angleterre
The English branch of the Christian Church; (since the 16th century) specifically the established Protestant church in England which is the mother church of the Anglican Communion.

Church of Ireland pn
Église d'Irlande
The Anglican church body active in Ireland (both the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland).

Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints pn
Église de Jésus-Christ des Saints des Derniers Jours
The major denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded in the United States by Joseph Smith; the Mormon Church.

Church of Scotland pn
Église d'Écosse
The national Presbyterian church of Scotland.

Churchillian /t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈhɪli.ən/ /t͡ʃɜː(ɹ)ˈt͡ʃɪli.ən/ more Churchillian most Churchillian adj
churchillien
Of or pertaining to Winston Churchill (1874–1965), English statesman and author, or to his policies, speeches, or writings.

Churrigueresque adj
churrigueresque
(architecture) Relating to a Spanish baroque architectural style that started in the late 17th century to the early 18th century; characterized by flamboyant ornamentation

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ adj
tchouvache
From, or pertaining to, Chuvashia

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ Chuvashes n
Tchouvache
Someone from, or pertaining to Chuvashia

Chuvash /t͡ʃʊˈvɑːʃ/ pn
tchouvache
An agglutinative language of the Bolgar branch of the Turkic language family and is spoken west of the Ural mountains in central Russia. Chuvash is the native language of the Chuvash people and an official language of Chuvashia. It is spoken by about two million people.

Chuvashia /t͡ʃuːˈvɑːʃɪə/ pn
Tchouvachie
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Châteauroux /ˌʃætəʊˈɹuː/ /ˌʃɑːtəʊˈɹuː/ pn
Châteauroux
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Châtelaillon-Plage pn
Châtelaillon Châtelaillon-Plage
A commune and town in the Charente-Maritime department, Poitou-Charentes, region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.

Châtelperronian adj
châtelperronien

Cicero /ˈkɪkɛɹoʊ/ /ˈkɪkɛɹəʊ/ /ˈsɪsəɹoʊ/ /ˈsɪsəɹəʊ/ Ciceros pn
Cicéron
The Roman statesman and orator Mārcus Tullius Cicerō (106–43 BC).

Ciceronian /sɪsəˈɹəʊnɪən/ more Ciceronian most Ciceronian adj
cicéronien
Of or relating to Marcus Tullius Cicero, or the ideas in his philosophical treatises.

Cilicia /sɪˈlɪsɪə/ /sɪˈlɪʃə/ pn
Cilicie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, famed for cilice — haircloth made from the hair of Cilician goats

Cimiez pn
Cimiez

Cimmerian /sɪˈmɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /sɪˈmɪɹ.i.ən/ Cimmerians n
Kimmérien
Cimmérien
one of the Cimmerii, ancient equestrian nomads of Indo-European origin

Cinderella /ˌsɪndəˈɹɛlə/ Cinderellas pn
Cendrillon
A popular fairy tale embodying a classic folk tale myth-element of unjust oppression and triumphant reward.
The main character in this story, a mistreated and impoverished girl. At a royal ball she meets a handsome prince who later identifies her by means of a dropped article, most commonly a slipper, and removes her from her poverty.

Cinerama n
cinérama
A wide-screen movie filming and projection system, briefly in vogue during the 1950s, involving three synchronised standard-format films projected onto a wide, curved screen, providing a "wraparound" experience for cinemagoers.

Cinotti Cinottis pn
Cinotti

Cinquecentist /-ɾɪst/ /tʃiŋkwɛˈtʃɛntɪst/ /t͡ʃiŋkwəˈt͡ʃɛntɪst/ Cinquecentists n
cinquecentiste
An Italian of the sixteenth century, especially a poet or an artist.

Cipriano Ciprianos pn
Cyprien
A surname.

Circassia pn
Circassie

Circassian /səɹˈkæʃən/ /səˈkæsi.ən/ more Circassian most Circassian adj
circassien tcherkesse
Of or pertaining to Circassia or Circassians.

Circassian /səɹˈkæʃən/ /səˈkæsi.ən/ Circassians n
Circassien Circassienne Tcherkesse
A native or inhabitant of Circassia (historical) (nowadays shared by Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia), including the Adyghes and Ubykhs.

Circe /ˈsɜɹsi/ pn
Circé
(Greek mythology) An enchantress who turned Odysseus's men into pigs.
(astronomy) 34 Circe, a main belt asteroid.

Circinus pn
Compas
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a compass. It lies between the constellations of Centaurus and Triangulum Australe.

Ciskei pn
Ciskeï

Cisleithania pn
Cisleithanie
(historical) The Austrian areas of Austria-Hungary

Cistercian Cistercians n
cistercien
A member of a monastic order which follows the Benedictine rule and emphasizes silent contemplative prayer.

Citroën /ˈsɪtɹoʊn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ /ˈsɪtɹəʊn/ Citroëns pn
Citroën
A car of the Citroën brand.

City pn
City
(UK) The United Kingdom's financial industries, which are principally based in the City of London.

City That Never Sleeps pn
ville qui ne dort jamais
A nickname for New York City.

City of Light pn
Ville Lumière
(informal) A nickname for Paris.

Clara /ˈklæɹə/ /ˈklɑːɹə/ /ˈklɛəɹə/ pn
Claire
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Clarissa /kləˈɹɪsə/ Clarissas n
Clarisse
(Catholicism) Synonym of Poor Clare: a nun of the Order of Saint Clare.

Classical Arabic pn
arabe classique
The form of the Arabic language used in literary texts around the 8th to 10th centuries, standardized from ancient dialects of Arab tribes and the Qur'an.

Classical Chinese pn
chinois classique
The written Chinese language used from the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C.E.) (especially the Spring and Autumn Period), through to the end of the Han Dynasty (220 C.E.). In Chinese, or, formally, . The language of many classics of Chinese literature.
The written Chinese language used from the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C.E.) to the early 20th century.

Classical Greek n
grec classique
The form of the Ancient Greek language used during the classical period of Greek literature: approximately 600 to 300 BCE.

Classical Latin pn
latin classique
The Latin language as spoken and written in formal speeches, literature, the arts, etc., by the ancient Romans.

Claude /klɔːd/ Claudes pn
Claude
(countable) A en given name.

Claudia /ˈklaʊ.di.ə/ /ˈklɔː.di.ə/ pn
Claudie
A en given name, feminine form of Claudius.

Claudian adj
claudien

Claus Clauses pn
Nico
A en given name.

Cleanthes pn
Cléanthe
A male given name of historical usage

Clelia pn
Clélia
A en given name.

Clem pn
Clém
A diminutive of the en given name Clement.
A diminutive of the en given name Clementine.
A en given name

Clemenceau Clemenceaus pn
Clemenceau

Clement /ˈklɛmənt/ Clements pn
Clément
A en given name, borne by an early pope and by several saints.

Cleopatra /kliːoʊˈpætɹə/ Cleopatras pn
Cléopâtre
A given name of women in the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt; notably Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt (69–30 BCE); last of the Ptolemy line.

Clervaux pn
Clervaux
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Clerve pn
Clerve
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Cleveland /ˈkliːv.lənd/ Clevelands pn
Cleveland
A former county in northeast England bordering North Yorkshire and County Durham, created in 1974 from parts of those two counties (mainly the County Borough of Teesside) and abolished in 1996.

Clifford algebra Clifford algebras n
algèbre de Clifford
(algebra, mathematical physics) A unital associative algebra which generalizes the algebra of quaternions but which is not necessarily a division algebra; it is generated by a set of \gamma_i (with i ranging from, say, 1 to n) such that the square of each \gamma_i is fixed to be either +1 or −1, depending on each i, and such that any product \gamma_i \gamma_j anticommutes when its factors are distinct (i.e., when i \ne j).

Clio /ˈklaɪ.oʊ/ /ˈkliːoʊ/ pn
Clio
(Greek god) The goddess of history and heroic poetry, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne.

Cloelia pn
Clélia Clélie
(Roman mythology) A woman who saved Roman hostages from the Clusian camp.

Clotilda pn
Clotilde
A en given name; of mostly historical use in the Anglo-Saxon world.

Cluj-Napoca pn
Clausembourg Clausenbourg Cluj Cluj-Napoca
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Clymene /ˈklaɪmɪni/ /ˈklɪmɪni/ pn
Clymène
(Greek god) A nymph married to Iapetus, mother of Prometheus, Epimetheus, Menoetius and Atlas.

Clytemnestra /ˌklaɪtəmˈnɛstɹə/ /ˌklaɪtɪmˈnɛstɹə/ pn
Clytemnestre
(Greek mythology) wife of Agamemnon, whom she killed after the Trojan War, whereupon was killed herself by their son Orestes

Cmdre Cmdres n
cmdre cmdre.
(military, nautical) commodore

Co. n
cie
(often used as "& Co." (and company))

Coahuila /ˌkoʊəˈwiːlə/ pn
Coahuila
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Cobb salad Cobb salads n
salade Cobb
(US) A salad consisting of iceberg lettuce, watercress, endive and Romaine lettuce with tomato, bacon, chicken, hard-boiled egg, avocado, chives, Roquefort cheese and a red wine vinaigrette.

Coca-Cola pn
Coca-Cola
A particular cola soft drink (type of carbonated drink), produced by the Coca-Cola Company.

Cocha antshrike Cocha antshrikes n
batara du Cocha
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus praecox.

Cochin China pn
Cochinchine
(historical) A former region comprising southern Vietnam and part of Cambodia.

Cockaigne /kɒˈkeɪn/ /kəˈkeɪn/ pn
pays de cocagne cocagne
(medieval folklore) A land of plenty, luxury and idleness.

Cocoa pn
Cocoa
(computing) an object-oriented programming API for macOS

Cocytus pn
Cocyte
A river of the underworld in Greek mythology.

Coele-Syria /ˌsiːliˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Cœlé-Syrie
A Hellenistic region and imperial Roman province of Syria.

Coele-Syrian /ˌsiːliˈsɪɹi.ən/ more Coele-Syrian most Coele-Syrian adj
cœlé-syrien

Coele-Syrian /ˌsiːliˈsɪɹi.ən/ Coele-Syrians n
Cœlé-Syrien Cœlé-Syrienne

Coeur d'Alene /kɜɹdəˈleɪn/ pn
Cœur d'Alène cœur d'alène
The Salishan language spoken by these people.
Cœur d'Alène
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Cognac pn
Cognac
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Coimbra /kuːˈĩbɹə/ /kəʊˈĩbɹə/ /ˈkwĩbɹə/ pn
Coïmbre
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Cointreau /ˈkwæntɹəʊ/ /ˈkwɑːntɹəʊ/ pn
cointreau
An orange-flavoured triple sec liqueur produced in France.

Coke /koʊk/ /kəʊk/ Cokes n
coca Coke
(countable, uncountable, informal) Cola-based soft drink; (in particular) Coca-Cola.
Coke coca
(US, especially, Southern US, informal) Any soft drink, regardless of type.

Colchis pn
Colchis
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, corresponding to what is now western Georgia.

Cold War /ˌkoʊld ˈwɔɹ/ /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ pn
Guerre froide guerre froide
(historical) The period of hostility short of open war between the Soviet Bloc and the Western powers, especially the United States, between 1945 and 1991.

Collective Security Treaty Organisation pn
OTSC Organisation du traité de sécurité collective
An intergovernmental military alliance of several post-Soviet countries.

Cologne /kəˈloʊn/ pn
Cologne
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Colombia /kəˈlʌm.bi.ə/ pn
Colombie
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Colombian adj
colombien colombienne
Of, from or relating to Colombia.

Colombian Colombians n
Colombien colombien
A native or inhabitant of Colombia.
A native or inhabitant of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Colombo /kəˈlɒm.bəʊ/ /kəˈlʌm.bəʊ/ /ˈkɒl.əm.bəʊ/ pn
Colombo
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Colorado /kɑləˈɹædoʊ/ /kɑləˈɹɑdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹeɪdoʊ/ /kɒləˈɹɑːdəʊ/ pn
Colorado
Several settlements in the Americas.
(historical) The Territory of Colorado, a former territory of the United States.

Colorado River pn
Colorado
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Colorado beetle Colorado beetles n
doryphore
A beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, formerly Doryphora decemlineata, with black and yellow stripes, that is a serious pest of potatoes.

Colosseum pn
Colisée
The largest stadium in the Roman empire, located near the center of Rome.

Colossians pn
Colossiens
(biblical) The twelfth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Colossae which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Colossus of Rhodes pn
Colosse de Rhodes
A statue of Greek god Helios in ancient Rhodes, Greece. One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Columba /kəˈlʌm.bə/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.bə/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.bə/ pn
Colombe
(constellation) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dove.

Columbian Columbians n
gros-texte
(uncountable, US, _, printing, dated) A size of type between English and great primer, standardized as 16-point.

Columbus /kəˈlʌmbəs/ Columbuses n
Colomb Christophe Colomb
A person who makes a great discovery.

Comanche /kəˈmænt͡ʃi/ adj
comanche

Comanche /kəˈmænt͡ʃi/ pn
comanche
The Uto-Aztecan language spoken by these people, sometimes classified as a variety of Shoshone.

Comecon pn
CAEM
(historical) , a multinational economic organization that existed in the Eastern Bloc from 1949 to 1991.

Comet pn
Comète
The fifth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Comino pn
Comino
An island of the Republic of Malta.

Comintern /ˈkɒmɪntəːn/ pn
Comintern Komintern
(historical) An international association of Communist parties, established in 1919 by Vladimir Lenin and dissolved in 1943.

Commagene /kɑːməˈd͡ʒiːni/ pn
Commagène
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Commagenian more Commagenian most Commagenian adj
commagénien

Commagenian Commagenians n
Commagénien Commagénienne

Commander Islands pn
îles Komandorski îles du Commandeur
a group of Russian islands near Kamchatka Peninsula in the Russian Far East, in the Bering Sea.

Comminges pn
Comminges
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Common Era pn
ère commune de notre ère ère vulgaire
(chronology) The secular equivalent of anno Domini and the Christian Era, the internationally recognized method of numbering years on the Gregorian calendar.

Common Market pn
Marché Commun
(dated, or, historical) European Economic Community (A European trade group).

Common Turkic pn
turc commun
A taxon of the Turkic languages that includes all of them except the Oghuric languages.

Commonwealth Games pn
Jeux du Commonwealth
A sporting event, somewhat like the Olympic Games, held every four years and involving athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations.

Commonwealth of Australia /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ əv ɒˈstreɪljə/ pn
Commonwealth d’Australie
The formal and full name of the country Australia.

Commonwealth of Dominica pn
Commonwealth de la Dominique
The official name of the state of Dominica.

Commonwealth of Independent States pn
Communauté des États indépendants CEI
An alliance and confederation of nine former Soviet republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan formed as a successor to the Soviet Union.

Commonwealth of Nations pn
Commonwealth
An association of independent, sovereign states most of which formerly constituted the British Empire.

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico pn
Commonwealth de Porto Rico État libre associé de Porto Rico

Communications Security Establishment pn
Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications
(Canada) The Canadian foreign signals intelligence and cryptography agency.

Communications Security Establishment Canada pn
Centre de la sécurité des télécommunications Canada
(Canada) Communications Security Establishment.

Communist Party of China pn
parti communiste chinois
(Chinese politics) The ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

Community language Community languages n
langue officielle de l'Union européenne
Any of the official languages of the European Union.

Community of Madrid pn
Communauté de Madrid
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Comnenus /kɒmˈniːnəs/ Comneni n
Comnène
(historical) member of a noble family who ruled the Byzantine Empire from 1081 to 1185

Como pn
Côme
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
City and capital of Como.

Comorian /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹiən/ adj
comorien comorienne
Of, from, or pertaining to the Comoros, the Comorian people or the Comorian language.

Comorian /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹiən/ Comorians n
Comorien Comorienne
A person from Comoros or of Comorian descent.

Comorian /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹiən/ pn
comorien
The language of the islands of the Comoros.

Comoros /ˈkɒm.ə.ɹoʊz/ pn
Comores
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Compiègne pn
Compiègne
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Conan /ˈkoʊnən/ /ˈkəʉnən/ /ˈkəʊnən/ pn
Conan
A en given name

Confederacy pn
Confédération

Confederate States of America pn
États confédérés d'Amérique
(historical) An unrecognized nation existing from 1861–1865, consisting of the eleven Southern states who sought independence from the United States of America over the issue of slavery.

Confucian more Confucian most Confucian adj
confucien confucéen
Of, pertaining to, or conforming to the teachings of Confucius.

Confucian Confucians n
confucianiste
One who follows the teachings of Confucius.

Confucianism Confucianisms n
confucianisme
The philosophy and teaching of Confucius, which emphasizes self-cultivation, collective harmony, righteousness and the family structure.

Confucius /kənˈfju.ʃəs/ pn
Confucius
An influential Chinese philosopher who lived 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.; personal name Kong Qiu (孔丘).

Congis-sur-Thérouanne pn
Congis-sur-Thérouanne
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Congo /ˈkɑŋɡoʊ/ /ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ /ˈkɔŋɡoʊ/ pn
Congo Zaïre
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TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows for about 4,380 km (2,720 miles) to the Atlantic Ocean in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Congolese /ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/ adj
congolais brazza-congolais congolaise
Of, from, or pertaining to the Republic of Congo or its people.
congolais brazza-congolais congolaise kino-congolais
Of, from, or pertaining to the Democratic Republic of Congo or its people.

Congolese /ˌkɒŋ.ɡəˈliːz/ Congolese n
Congolais Congolaise Brazza-Congolais Congolais de Brazzaville Congolais de Kinshasa Congolaise de Brazzaville
A person from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Zaire).
Congolais Congolaise Brazza-Congolais Congolais de Brazzaville Congolaise de Brazzaville
A person from the Republic of the Congo.

Congress pn
Congrès
The two legislative bodies of the United States: the House of Representatives and the Senate.

Congress Poland pn
Royaume du Congrès
(historical) The Kingdom of Poland created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna as a sovereign state of the Russian part of Poland connected by personal union with the Russian Empire under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Poland until 1832.

Coniacian pn
Coniacien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Connecticut /kə.ˈnɛ.tɪ.kət/ pn
Connecticut
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows from northern New Hampshire into Long Island Sound.

Connemara /ˌkɑnəˈmɑɹə/ /ˌkɒnɪˈmɑːɹə/ pn
Connemara
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Connery Connerys pn
Connerie
A surname from Irish.

Conrad /ˈkɑnɹæd/ /ˈkɒnɹæd/ pn
Conrad
A en given name.

Conservative Conservatives n
conservateur conservatrice

Conservative Judaism pn
judaïsme conservateur
A moderate stream of Liberal Judaism centered in North America that theoretically maintains Jewish tradition and law, but provides for a more flexible interpretation of it than Orthodox Judaism, in keeping with an evolving world and society.

Conservative Party pn
Parti conservateur

Constance pn
Constance
A en given name.

Constantine /ˈkɑns.tənˌtiːn/ /ˈkɒns.tənˌtaɪn/ pn
Constantin Constantine
A en given name.
Constantine
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Constantinople /ˌkɑn.stæn.tɪˈnoʊ.pəl/ /ˌkɒn.stæn.tɪˈnəʊ.pəl/ pn
Constantinople
Name of present-day Istanbul from 330–1930 C.E.. Previously known as Byzantium.

Constantinopolitan /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.noʊˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəʊˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ adj
constantinopolitain
Relating to Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).

Constantinopolitan /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.noʊˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɑnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəʊˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒnˌstæn.tɪ.nəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ Constantinopolitans n
Constantinopolitain Constantinopolitaine
(historical) A native or inhabitant of Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul).

Contemporary Latin pn
latin contemporain
The Latin language as spoken and written from the late 19th century to the present.

Contrazy pn
Contrazy
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Conté /ˈkɑnteɪ/ /ˈkɒnteɪ/ Contés n
crayon mine
(art) A drawing medium, usually square in cross-section, composed of compressed powdered charcoal or graphite mixed with a clay or wax base. [from mid 19th c.]

Cook Islander Cook Islanders n
Cookien
A person from the Cook Islands or of descent of the Cook Islands.

Cook Islands /ˈkʊk ˈaɪ̯.ləndz/ pn
îles Cook Îles Cook
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Cookie Monster pn
Macaron le glouton
A blue creature from the children's television show Sesame Street who is intensely fond of cookies.

Cools pn
Cools

Cooper pair Cooper pairs n
paire de Cooper
(physics) A pair of electrons (or other fermions), of opposite spin, whose theorised behaviour is the basis of the BCS theory of superconductivity.

Cooper's hawk Cooper's hawks n
épervier de Cooper
Accipiter cooperii, a medium-sized hawk found from Canada to northern Mexico.

Coordinated Universal Time pn
temps universel coordonné
The primary time standard by which the world regulates clocks and time.

Copenhagen /ˈkoʊpənˌheɪɡən/ /ˈkoʊpənˌhɑɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈheɪɡən/ /ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːɡən/ pn
Copenhague
One of the former counties of Denmark.

Copenhagener Copenhageners n
Copenhaguois Copenhaguoise
Someone from Copenhagen.

Copernican Revolution pn
révolution copernicienne
The paradigm shift, from the Ptolemaic model of the heavens based around the Earth to a heliocentric model, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus and later supported by Galileo and others.

Copt /kɑpt/ /kɒpt/ Copts n
Copte
A member of the Coptic Church.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ adj
copte coptique
Of or pertaining to the Copts, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria or to the Coptic language.

Coptic /ˈkɑp.tɪk/ /ˈkɒp.tɪk/ n
copte coptique
The Afroasiatic language traditionally spoken by the Copts in Egypt, now extinct and used only as a liturgical language.

Coral Sea /ˈkɒɹəl ˈsiː/ pn
mer de Corail
A marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean off the north-east coast of Australia.

Corbeau Corbeaus pn
Corbeau

Corbynite Corbynites n
corbyniste
(UK politics) A supporter of Jeremy Corbyn (born 1949), British socialist politician elected leader of the Labour Party in 2015.

Cordovan /ˈkɔːdəvən/ /ˈkɔːɹdəvən/ more Cordovan most Cordovan adj
cordouan
Of or pertaining to Córdoba.

Cordovan /ˈkɔːdəvən/ /ˈkɔːɹdəvən/ Cordovans n
Cordouan
A person from Córdoba.

Corduene pn
Corduène
(antiquity, historical) An ancient historical region, located south of Lake Van, in present-day eastern Turkey.

Corfiot adj
corfiote
Of, from, or relating to Corfu.

Corfiot Corfiots n
corfiote
A person from Corfu.

Corfu /ˈkɔɹ.fju/ pn
Corfou
TemplateParserError:LuaError, one of the Ionian Islands. The ancient name is Corcyra (Κόρκυρα), in Modern Greek Kérkira (Κέρκυρα).
The capital of Corfu.

Corinna pn
Corinne
A en given name.

Corinth /ˈkɒɹ.ɪnθ/ /ˈkɔɹ.ɪnθ/ pn
Corinthe
TemplateParserError:LuaError near the city, connecting the Peloponnese to Europe.

Corinthian /kəˈɹɪnθiən/ Corinthians n
Corinthien Corinthienne
An inhabitant or a resident of Corinth, and its suburbs.
Corinthien Corinthienne corinthien corinthienne
An inhabitant, a resident of; a thing that originates from Corinthia

Corinthian bronze n
bronze corinthien
A hard valuable metal alloy in classical antiquity, of uncertain composition, thought to have been an alloy of copper with gold and/or silver involving heat treatment and quenching, but perhaps only a very high grade of bronze.

Corinthians pn
Corinthiens
(biblical) Either of the two books in the New Testament of the Bible that are written as epistles to the people of Corinth and which are attributed to Paul the Apostle, Sosthenes and Timothy.

Cornelia /kɔɹˈniliə/ /kɔːˈniːlɪə/ pn
Cornélie
A en given name in quiet use since the 18th century.

Cornelian more Cornelian most Cornelian adj
cornélien

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ adj
cornique
Of or pertaining to Cornwall, a county of southwest England.
Native to Cornwall.
Of or pertaining to the Cornish language.

Cornish /ˈkɔːnɪʃ/ /ˈkɔːɹnɪʃ/ pn
cornique
The Celtic language of Cornwall, related to Welsh and Breton.

Cornishman Cornishmen n
Cornique
A man from Cornwall.

Cornishwoman Cornishwomen n
Cornique
A woman from Cornwall.

Cornwall /ˈkɔrn.wɑl/ /ˈkɔɹn.wɔl/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)n.wəl/ pn
Cornouailles
The country of the Cornish, currently having the status of a royal duchy in England belonging to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch, and consisting at least of the Cornwall County and the Isles of Scilly.

Corona Australis pn
Couronne australe
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a crown.

Corpus Christi pn
Fête-Dieu
(Christianity) A feast day in honor of the Eucharist, observed by Roman Catholics and high-church Anglicans on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

Corrèze pn
Corrèze
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Corse-du-Sud pn
Corse-du-Sud
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Corsica /ˈkɔɹsɪkə/ /ˈkɔːsɪkə/ pn
Corse
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Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ more Corsican most Corsican adj
corse
of, from, or pertaining to Corsica, the Corsican people or the Corsican language

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ Corsicans n
Corse corse
a person from Corsica or of Corsican descent

Corsican /ˈkɔɹsəkən/ /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sɪkən/ pn
corse
the language of the Corsican people

Corte /ˈkɔːteɪ/ /ˈkɔːti/ /ˌkɔɹteɪ/ /ˌkɔɹti/ pn
Corte
A French commune in the Haute-Corse department, Corsica.

Corvus pn
Corbeau
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky south of the constellation Virgo, said to resemble a crow.

Cosenza Cosenzas pn
Cosenza
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A habitational surname from Italian.

Cosmas /ˈkɔzmæs/ /ˈkɔzmɑːs/ pn
Cosme
A en given name of mostly historical use.

Cosmo pn
Côme
A en given name.

Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire pn
Cosne-Cours-sur-Loire
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Cossack /ˈkɑsˌæk/ /ˈkɒsˌæk/ /ˈkɔsˌæk/ Cossacks n
Cosaque cosaque
A member or descendant of an originally (semi-)nomadic population of Eastern Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia, formed in part of runaways from neighbouring countries, that eventually settled in parts of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Russian tsarist Empire and constituted a military caste, particularly in areas now comprising southern Russia and Ukraine.
cosaque
A member of a military unit (typically cavalry, originally recruited exclusively from the above).

Costa Costas pn
Costa

Costa Rica /ˌkoʊ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɑ.stə ˈɹi.kə/ /ˌkɒs.tə ˈɹiː.kə/ pn
Costa Rica
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Costa Rican Costa Ricans n
Costaricien Costaricienne
A person from Costa Rica or of Costa Rican descent.

Cote Cotes pn
Côté

Cotroni Cotronis pn
Cotroni
A surname from Italian.

Cottenham pn
Cottenham

Cottian adj
cottien
Relating to the Cottian Alps.

Couillard Couillards pn
Couillard

Coulomb's law pn
loi de Coulomb
(electricity) the fundamental law of electrostatics - the force between two point charges is proportional to the product of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them

Council of Europe pn
Conseil de l'Europe
An international organisation focused on protecting human rights, democracy, rule of law in Europe, with headquarters in Strasbourg, France.

Count Dracula pn
comte Dracula
The fictional vampire in the novel Dracula by Bram Stoker.

Counter-Reformation pn
Contre-Réforme
(historical) A period of Roman Catholic revival that aimed to combat the Reformation.

County of Nice pn
comté de Nice
(historical) A county and state of Savoy (1388–1847), now located in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France.

County of Sicily pn
Comté de Sicile
(historical) A Norman state, comprising Sicily, Malta and part of Calabria, founded in 1071 and succeeded in 1130 by the Kingdom of Sicily.

Courland /ˈkʊə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Courlande Kurzeme
(historical) A duchy in that region.

Couserans pn
Couserans
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Covent Garden abbess Covent Garden abbesses n
maquerelle
(archaic, British slang) A procuress; a woman who procures customers for prostitutes.

Cracovian /kɹəˈkəʊvɪən/ adj
cracovien
of or from Krakow, Cracow

Cracovian /kɹəˈkəʊvɪən/ Cracovians n
Cracovien Cracovienne
a person from Krakow, Cracow

Cracow /ˈkɹækaʊ/ /ˈkɹækoʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkaʊ/ /ˈkɹɑkoʊ/ pn
Cracovie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated on the Vistula river, and the country's former capital.

Cramer's rule Cramer's rules n
règle de Cramer
(linear algebra) An explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution.

Crampagna pn
Crampagna
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Crater pn
Coupe
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a cup. It lies between the constellations Virgo and Hydra.

Creator pn
Créateur
(religion) A god who created the Universe; God.

Crecy pn
Crécy

Cree /kɹiː/ pn
cri
An aboriginal nation of North America.
The Algonquian language or dialect continuum spoken by this people.

Creek pn
creek
The Muskogean language of the Creek tribe.

Cremona pn
Cremona Crémone
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
City and capital of Cremona.
Cremona
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Creole /ˈkɹeɪəʊl/ /ˈkɹeɪˌoʊl/ /ˈkɹiˌoʊl/ /ˈkɹiːəʊl/ Creoles n
Créole
A descendant of European settlers who is born in a colonized country. [from 17th c.]

Cretaceous /kɹəˈteɪ.ʃəs/ pn
Crétacé crétacé
(geology) The geologic period within the Mesozoic era that comprises lower and upper epochs from about 146 to 66 million years ago.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ adj
crétois
Of or relating to Crete or its inhabitants.

Cretan /ˈkɹiːtən/ Cretans n
Crétois Crétoise
An inhabitant or a resident of Crete.

Crete /ˈkɹiːt/ pn
Crète
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Cretzschmar's bunting Cretzschmar's buntings n
bruant cendrillard
Emberiza caesia, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

Creuse pn
Creuse
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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease n
maladie de Creutzfeld-Jakob
(disease, neurology) A rare, progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system, characterized by dementia and loss of muscle control. It is a prion disease, apparently transmissible from animals to humans by eating infected tissue, as well as from tissue interchanges among humans (e.g. corneal transplants, blood transfusions).

Crimea /kɹaɪˈmiːə/ /kɹaɪˈmɪə/ pn
Crimée
Synonym of Crimean Peninsula: TemplateParserError:LuaError. A peninsula which juts southwards out of the Ukrainian mainland (to which it is connected by the Isthmus of Perekop) into the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov, separating the Sea of Azov from the Black Sea.

Crimean /kɹaɪˈmi.ən/ adj
criméen
Denoting, of, or related to Crimea, a peninsula on the north of the Black Sea, separating it from the Sea of Azov.

Crimean /kɹaɪˈmi.ən/ Crimeans n
Criméen Criméenne
Native or inhabitant of the Crimea.

Crimean Mountains pn
monts de Crimée
a range of mountains running parallel to the south-east coast of Crimea

Crimean Tatar Crimean Tatars n
tatar de Crimée tatar criméen
A Turkic language of Crimea (Ukraine), Turkey, Romania, Russia, Bulgaria and Uzbekistan.
Tatar de Crimée Tatare de Crimée
A member of a Turkic ethnic group (who are indigenous people of Crimea).

Crimean War pn
guerre de Crimée
(historical) A conflict held mostly in the Crimean Peninsula between October 1853 and February 1856, in which Russian troops were defeated to an alliance of France, the United Kingdom, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

Crimean peninsula pn
péninsule de Crimée
Crimea, a peninsula of southern Ukraine between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov.

Crispin /ˈkɹɪspɪn/ pn
Crépin
A en given name.
A Roman shoemaker, martyr and saint, and brother of Crispinian; patron saint of cobblers and tanners.

Crius pn
Crios
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia.

Cro-Magnon Cro-Magnon Cro-Magnons n
Cro-Magnon homme de Cro-Magnon
(archaeology) The earliest known form of modern human (Homo sapiens) in Europe, dating from the late Paleolithic.

Croatia /-ʃi.ə/ /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃə/ pn
Croatie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ more Croatian most Croatian adj
croate
of or pertaining to Croatia, the Croatian people or their language

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ Croatians n
Croate Croates croate
An inhabitant of Croatia, or a person of Croatian descent.

Croatian /ˌkɹoʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɹəʊˈeɪ.ʃən/ pn
croate
A standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Croats.

Croatian Sheepdog Croatian Sheepdogs n
berger croate
A herding dog bred in Croatia.

Croesus /ˈkɹiːsəs/ pn
Crésus
(specifically) A king of Lydia, noted for his great wealth.

Crohn's disease n
maladie de Crohn
(disease) Crohn’s regional enteritis, a chronic inflammatory disease that can involve any part of the digestive tract from the mouth to the anus.

Croix-des-Bouquets /k(ɹ)wɑː deɪ buːˈkeɪ/ pn
Croix-des-Bouquets
A commune in the Ouest department of Haiti.

Cronus pn
Cronos
(Greek mythology) The youngest of the twelve Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia; father to the first generation of Olympian gods and goddesses.

Croteau Croteaus pn
Croteau
A surname from French.

Crotone pn
Crotone

Crown pn
Couronne

Crown prosecutor Crown prosecutors n
procureur de la république procureur du roi procureure de la Couronne
(British, Canadian, Australian) The state prosecutor; the legal party responsible for presenting the case against an individual in a criminal trial.

Crusade Crusades n
croisade
Any of a series of religious campaigns by Christian forces from the 11th to the 13th century, mostly to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims who occupied it.

Crux /kɹʌks/ pn
Croix du Sud
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross. It appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Cryogenian pn
Cryogénien
(geology) The Cryogenian period.

Créteil pn
Créteil
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Ctesiphon /ˈstɛsɪfɒn/ /ˈtɛsɪfɒn/ pn
Ctésiphon
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, abandoned in the 7th and 8th centuries.

Cthulhu /kəˈtuːluː/ /kəˈθuːluː/ pn
Cthulhu
A gigantic fictional humanoid alien god being described with a head resembling an octopus and dragon wings and claws, around whom an insane cult developed.

Cub Scout Cub Scouts n
louveteau
A member of the junior division of the Boy Scout movement

Cuba /ˈkjuːbə/ [ˈkjuː.bə] [ˈkjʉː.bə] pn
Cuba
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A surname.

Cuban /ˈkjuːbən/ [ˈkju.bən] [ˈkjuː.bən] [ˈkjʉː.bən] adj
cubain
Of, from, or pertaining to Cuba, the Cuban people or the Cuban dialect.

Cuban /ˈkjuːbən/ [ˈkju.bən] [ˈkjuː.bən] [ˈkjʉː.bən] Cubans n
Cubain
A person from Cuba or of Cuban descent.

Cuban red macaw Cuban red macaws n
ara tricolore
A small parrot (†Ara tricolor), formerly found in Cuba, and extinct since the late nineteenth century.

Cultural Revolution pn
grande révolution culturelle prolétarienne révolution culturelle
(historical) The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of the Communist China.
révolution culturelle
(historical) The Iran's Cultural Revolution of 1980-1987.

Cumbric /ˈkʌm.bɹɪk/ n
cambrien
A Brythonic-Celtic language (code xcb) closely related to Welsh that was spoken in Northern England and Southern Scotland but went extinct in perhaps the 13th century.

Cuneo /ˈkuːniəʊ/ Cuneos pn
Coni
A habitational surname from Italian.

Cup Cups n
Coupe coupe
(informal, sports) A win of a championship that is awarded a cup.

Cup pn
Coupe
(informal, sports) A particular trophy that is a cup; sometimes with the definite article "the".

Cupid /ˈkjuːpɪd/ pn
Cupidon
(Roman god) The god of love, son of Venus; sometimes depicted as a cherub (a naked, winged boy with bow and arrow). The Roman counterpart of Eros.
The sixth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Cupid's bow Cupid's bows n
arc de Cupidon
The curve of the upper lip which resembles such a bow; the philtrum.

Curaçao /ˈkjuːɹəsaʊ/ /ˌkuːɹəˈsaʊ/ pn
Curaçao
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Curaçaoan Curaçaoans n
Curacien Curacienne curacien curacienne
Someone from Curaçao

Curetonian more Curetonian most Curetonian adj
curetonien
of or relating to William Cureton, and specifically the Egyptian manuscripts recognised as Syriac Gospels, edited and published, by the assistant keeper of manuscripts at the British Museum, William Cureton in 1858.

Curitiba pn
Curitiba
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Cuthbert /ˈkʌθ.bɜɹt/ pn
Cuthbert
A en given name.

Cuttack pn
Catac
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Cybele /ˈsɪbɪliː/ pn
Cybèle
(Greek god) A mother goddess of the ancient peoples of Asia Minor.

Cyber Monday Cyber Mondays pn
cyberlundi
(US, marketing) The Monday after Thanksgiving, regarded as a day when many people shop online.

Cyclades /saɪkleɪdz/ /ˈsɪklədiːz/ pn
Cyclades
An Aegean island chain in southeast-central Greece, surrounding the main island Delos, further including the islands of Andros, Naxos, Paros, Santorini, Syra, Tinos and Zea.

Cygnus pn
Cygne
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a swan. It includes the triple star system HD 188753 and the stars Deneb and Albireo.

Cynic Cynics n
cynique
A member of a sect of Ancient Greek philosophers who believed virtue to be the only good and self-control to be the only means of achieving virtue.

Cynthia /ˈsɪnθiə/ Cynthias pn
Cynthia Cynthie
A en given name.

Cynthian /ˈsɪnθiən/ adj
cynthien
Of or relating to Mount Cynthus.

Cynthus pn
Cynthe Kynthos
A mountain of Delos, famous in Greek mythology as the birthplace of Apollo and Artemis

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ adj
chypriote
Of, from, or relating to Cyprus.

Cypriot /ˈsɪp.ɹi.ət/ Cypriots n
Chypriote Cypriote
A person from Cyprus.

Cyprus /ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/ pn
Chypre
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Cyrenaica /saɪɹəˈneɪ.ɪkə/ pn
Cyrénaïque
A Roman province on the North African coast, now part of Libya,

Cyrene /saɪˈɹiːni/ pn
Cyrène
(historical) an Ancient Greek colony in North Africa near the coast of Mediterranean Sea in the Cyrenaica region of present-day Libya.

Cyril /ˈsaɪɹəl/ /ˈsɪɹəl/ pn
Cyril Cyrille
A en given name; best known for a ninth century missionary to the Slavs.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ adj
cyrillique
Denoting an alphabet devised for writing the Old Church Slavonic liturgical language, and its adaptations used for several languages of Eastern Europe and Asia; of or relating to this writing system.

Cyrillic /sɪˈɹɪl.ɪk/ pn
cyrillique
The Cyrillic alphabet or writing system.

Cyrillization /ˌsɪrɪlɪˈzeɪʃən/ Cyrillizations n
cyrillisation
The transliteration of text into the Cyrillic alphabet.

Cyrillize /ˈsɪɹəɫ.aɪz/ v
cyrilliser
(transitive) To transliterate something into the characters of the Cyrillic script.

Cyrus /ˈsaɪɹəs/ pn
Cyrus
An ancient king of Persia, Cyrus the Great.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ adj
tchèque Tchèque
Of, from, or pertaining to the Czech Republic (Czechia), the Czech people, culture, or language.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ Czechs n
Tchèque tchèque
(countable) A person from the Czech Republic (Czechia) or of Czech descent.

Czech /t͡ʃɛk/ pn
tchèque
(uncountable) A Slavic language primarily spoken in the Czech Republic.

Czech Republic /ˈtʃɛk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
République tchèque Tchéquie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Until 1993, part of Czechoslovakia.

Czech hedgehog Czech hedgehogs n
hérisson tchèque
(military) A static antitank and anti-landing craft obstacle, widely used during World War II, constructed from three mutually-perpendicular steel rails connected in the form of a tripod.

Czechia /ˈt͡ʃɛkiə/ pn
Tchéquie
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Czecho-Slovakia pn
Tchéco-Slovaquie
dated form of Czechoslovakia

Czechophone adj
tchécophone
Czech-speaking.

Czechophone Czechophones n
tchécophone
A speaker of Czech.

Czechoslovak more Czechoslovak most Czechoslovak adj
tchécoslovaque
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Czechoslovakia or its people.

Czechoslovak Czechoslovaks n
Tchécoslovaque
A native or inhabitant of Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia /ˌtʃɛk.əʊ.sləʊ.ˈvæk.ɪ.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.oʊ.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvæk.i.ə/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sləˈvɑ.ki.ə/ pn
Tchécoslovaquie
TemplateParserError:LuaError; now the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Czechoslovakian /ˈtʃɛk.əz.lə.væk.i.ən/ /ˌt͡ʃɛk.ə.sloʊ.ˈvɑk.i.ən/ adj
tchécoslovaque
Of or pertaining to the former nation of Czechoslovakia.

Córdoba /ˈkɔːdəbə/ /ˈkɔːɹdəbə/ pn
Cordoue
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and capital city of the eponymous province.

Côte d'Ivoire /ˌkoʊt diˈvwɑɹ/ /ˌkəʊt diːˈvwɑː/ pn
Côte d'Ivoire
The Ivory Coast, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Côte-d'Or pn
Côte-d'Or
TemplateParserError:LuaError (INSEE code 21).

Côtes-d'Armor pn
Côtes-d'Armor
TemplateParserError:LuaError (INSEE code 22).

Côtes-du-Nord pn
Côtes-du-Nord
former name of Côtes-d'Armor

D major n
ré majeur
(music) The major key with the notes D, E, F♯, G, A, B, and C♯, the key signature of which has two sharps.
(music) The major chord with a root of D.

D minor n
ré mineur
(music) A minor key with the notes D, E, F, G, A, B♭, C.
(music) The minor chord with a root of D.

D-Day D-Days n
Jour J
(figuratively, chiefly, military) The date of any major event planned for the future.

D-Day pn
Jour J
(historical) 6 June 1944, the date when the Allies invaded western Europe in World War II.

DBMS DBMSes DBMSs n
SGBD
(databases, software) Initialism of database management system.

DCT DCTs n
TCD
(mathematics) Initialism of discrete cosine transform.

DDO pn
DDO
Initialism of Dollard-des-Ormeaux (municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada.)

DEA DEAs n
DEA stups
diethanolamine

DELF n
DELF
(education) Diplôme d'étude de langue française, a French-language qualification.

DFLP pn
FDLP
(Palestinian politics) Initialism of Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

DILF /dɪlf/ DILFs n
DILF
(vulgar, slang, acronym) A father or older man found sexually attractive.

DIY /ˌdi.aɪˈwaɪ/ DIYs n
bricolage

DIY /ˌdi.aɪˈwaɪ/ v
bricoler

DMZ host DMZ hosts n
hôte de zone démilitarisée
(Internet) A single node in a DMZ, typically protected by a firewall, sometimes hidden by NAT. Usually, DMZ hosts accept incoming external connections, but they cannot initiate connections with internal hosts.

DNA /ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/ /ˌdiːɛnˈeɪ/ DNAs n
ADN
(biochemistry, genetics) Initialism of deoxyribonucleic acid (“a nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction”).

DP DPs n
SD
(computer science) Initialism of dynamic programming.

DPR pn
RPD
Initialism of Donetsk People's Republic.

DPRK pn
RPDC
Initialism of Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

DRC /diːɑɹˈsiː/ /diːɑːˈsiː/ pn
RDC
Initialism of Democratic Republic of the Congo.

DUI /ˈdiː.juː.(ʔ)aɪ/ DUIs n
CEI CFA conduite avec facultés affaiblies conduite en état d'ivresse

DVD /ˌdi vi ˈdi/ /ˌdiː viː ˈdiː/ DVDs n
DVD
(initialism) digital video disc or digital versatile disc; an optical disc on which video is recorded in digital format, such as commercially-released movies and other video media.

DVD player DVD players n
lecteur DVD
An electronic device for playing DVDs.

Da Nang pn
Da Nang Tourane

Dacia /ˈdeɪsɪə/ /ˈdeɪʃə/ pn
Dacie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The Dacian kingdom was conquered by the Romans and later named Romania after them.

Dacian /ˈdeɪsɪən/ /ˈdeɪʃən/ Dacians n
Dace
(historical) a member of an ancient Indo-European ethnic group of Dacia.

Daco-Romanian n
daco-roumain
The standard Romanian language, distinguished from the Aromanian (Macedo-Romanian), Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian languages.

Daedalus /ˈdeɪdələs/ /ˈdiːdələs/ /ˈdɛdələs/ pn
Dédale
(Greek mythology) Greek mythological figure who crafted the waxen wings of Icarus.

Daesh /ˈdɑːˌɛʃ/ pn
Daech
(derogatory) Synonym of ISIS, ISIL, Islamic State

Daffy Duck pn
Daffy Duck
A fictional anthropomorphic black duck in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated cartoons by Warner Bros.

Dagestan /ˌdæɡɪˈstæn/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Daghestan Daguestan
A Russian republic in the Caucasus region.

Dagestani /ˌdæɡɪˈstæni/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːni/ adj
daghestanais
Of, or pertaining to Dagestan.

Dagestani /ˌdæɡɪˈstæni/ /ˌdæɡɪˈstɑːni/ Dagestanis n
Daghestanais Daghestanaise
Someone from Dagestan

Dahomey /dəˈhəʊmi/ pn
Dahomey
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in present-day Benin.

Dakar /dæˈkɑː(ɹ)/ /dɑˈkɑɚ/ /ˈdækɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Dakar
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Dakota /dəˈkəʊtə/ Dakotas n
dakota
A member of the Dakota people

Dakota /dəˈkəʊtə/ Dakotas pn
Dakotas
The Santee branch of the Sioux people.
The language of these people.
dakota
(historical) The Dakota Territory; an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 2, 1861, until November 2, 1889, when the final extent of the reduced territory was split and admitted to the Union as the states of North Dakota and South Dakota.

Dalai Lama /ˈdælaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ /ˈdɑːlaɪ ˈlɑːmə/ Dalai Lamas n
dalaï-lama
(Tibetan Buddhism) The supreme head of Tibetan Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of Avalokitesvara, and considered the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people.

Dalecarlia pn
Dalécarlie
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Dalecarlian adj
dalécarlien dalécarlienne
Pertaining to Dalecarlia or Dalecarlians.

Dalecarlian Dalecarlians n
Dalécarlien Dalécarlienne
An inhabitant of Dalecarlia.

Dalecarlian pn
dalécarlien
Dialect group spoken in Dalecarlia, Sweden

Dalian /dɑːliˈæn/ /dɑːliˈɛn/ pn
Dalian
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Daliesque /ˌdɑːliˈɛsk/ more Daliesque most Daliesque adj
dalinien
Relating to, or similar to the surreal style of Salvador Dalí's art.

Dalit /ˈdɑːlɪt/ /ˈdʌlɪt/ Dalits n
dalit intouchable paria
A member of a South Asian group of people traditionally regarded as untouchables or outcastes.

Dall sheep Dall sheep n
mouflon de Dall
A species of wild sheep native to northwestern North America, Ovis dalli.

Dallago Dallagos pn
Dallago

Dalmatia /dælˈmeɪʃə/ pn
Dalmatie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ more Dalmatian most Dalmatian adj
dalmate
Relating to Dalmatia or its people.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ Dalmatians n
dalmatien dalmatienne
One of a breed of dog with a short, white coat with dark spots.
Dalmate
(demonym) A native or inhabitant of Dalmatia.

Dalmatian /dælˈmeɪ.ʃən/ pn
dalmate
An extinct Romance language that was once spoken in Dalmatia.

Daltonism /ˈdɔːltənɪzəm/ n
daltonisme
(medicine, pathology) Inability or defective ability to perceive or distinguish certain colors, especially red-green color blindness.

Daman and Diu /dəˈmɑːn ən ˈdiːuː/ pn
Daman et Diu
TemplateParserError:LuaError, now part of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Damascene /ˈdæməˌsiːn/ more Damascene most Damascene adj
damasquin damascène
Of or relating to Damascus.

Damascene /ˈdæməˌsiːn/ Damascenes n
Damascène
A native or inhabitant of Damascus.

Damascene pn
Damascène
The region of Damascus.

Damascus /dəˈmæskəs/ /dəˈmɑːskəs/ pn
Damas
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Damascus steel Damascus steels n
acier damasquiné
A kind of steel used in swordmaking from about 300 BC to 1700 AD, characterized by distinctive patterns of banding and mottling reminiscent of flowing water.

Damavand pn
Damavand
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Damian /ˈdeɪmɪən/ pn
Damien
A en given name.

Damietta /ˌdæmiːˈjɛtə/ /ˌdæmiːˈɛtə/ /ˌdæmɪˈɛtə/ pn
Damiette
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Dammam pn
Dammam
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the capital of Eastern Province.

Danae /ˈdæn.eɪ.i/ pn
Danaé
(astronomy) 61 Danaë, a main belt asteroid.

Danault Danaults pn
Danault

Dancer pn
Danseur Danseuse
The second reindeer of Santa Claus.

Dane /deɪn/ Danes n
Danois Danoise
A person of Danish descent.

Danelaw /ˈdeɪnˌlɔ/ pn
Danelaw
(history) The part of Great Britain in which the laws of the Scandinavians dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons.

Dangun pn
Tangun
The legendary founder of Gojoseon.

Danian pn
Danien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.

Danicize /ˈdeɪnɪsaɪz/ v
daniciser
To make (more) Danish.

Daniel /ˈdænjəl/ /ˈdænəl/ [ˈdanjəl] pn
Daniel
A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.
(biblical character) The prophet whose story is told in the Book of Daniel.
A en given name in regular use since the Middle Ages.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ adj
danois
Of or pertaining to Denmark.

Danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ pn
danois
The language of Danes and Denmark.

Danish pastry Danish pastries n
danoise viennoiserie danoise
A sweet and flaky yeast-raised roll made from a dough using butter or margarine and filled with remonce (butter and sugar) or custard.

Danny /ˈdæni/ Dannies pn
Dany
A diminutive of the en given names Danielle, Daniella or Daniela.

Dano- prefix
dano-
Pertaining to Denmark, Danish or the Danes.

Dano-Norwegian adj
dano-norvégien
Of or pertaining to Denmark and/or Norway, especially referring to the former political entity Denmark-Norway.

Dano-Norwegian pn
dano-norvégien
A koiné language that evolved among the urban elite in Norwegian cities during the later years of Denmark-Norway (1536–1814).

Dante /ˈdænteɪ/ /ˈdænti/ /ˈdɑnteɪ/ pn
Dante
A en given name, presumably in honor of the poet Dante Alighieri.

Dantesque /ˌdæntɪˈɛsk/ more Dantesque most Dantesque adj
dantesque
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Dante; characterized by a formal, elevated tone and somber focus.

Danton collar Danton collars n
col Danton
A type of high-necked collar with a deep fold-over.

Dantonist Dantonists n
dantoniste

Danube /ˈdænjuːb/ pn
Danube
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Danubian more Danubian most Danubian adj
danubien danubienne
Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Danube river in Europe.

Danzig pn
Dantzick Dantzig
Gdańsk (especially in reference to the times when it was part of a German-speaking state such as Prussia or Germany).

Daoust Daousts pn
Daoust

Daphne /ˈdæfni/ pn
Daphné
(Greek god) A dryad pursued by Apollo, who was turned into a laurel tree by the river god Peneus.
A en given name.

Dapingian pn
Dapingien

Dardanelles /ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛlz/ /ˌdɑː.dənˈɛlz/ [ˌdɑɹ.dənˈɛɫz] [ˌdɑː.dənˈɛɫz] pn
Dardanelles
The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.

Darfur /dɑːɹˈfʊəɹ/ pn
Darfour
TemplateParserError:LuaError where the Fur live.

Dari /ˈdɑːɹi/ pn
dari
The dialect of the Persian language as spoken natively by approximately one-half of the population in Afghanistan and which serves as the interethnic lingua franca for the vast majority of the population; also referred to as Eastern Persian, Afghan Persian, or simply Persian.
(historical) A variety of Middle Persian, the court language of the late Sassanid period and of classical Persian poetry.

Darija pn
darija
Maghrebi Arabic, an Arabic dialect continuum spoken in the Maghreb region, in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Western Sahara, and Mauritania. (Western Arabic)

Darius /ˈdæɹi.əs/ /ˈdɑɹi.əs/ pn
Darius
Any of several kings in Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, 6th to 4th century BCE.

Dark Ages pn
siècles obscurs
(see usage notes) The period of European history encompassing (roughly) 476–1000 CE.

Dark Continent pn
continent noir
(sometimes, offensive, dated, informal) Africa.

Dark Knight pn
Chevalier noir
A moniker for Batman, the fictional superhero.

Darko pn
Darko

Darriwilian pn
Darriwilien

Dartford warbler Dartford warblers n
fauvette pitchou
A small warbler, Sylvia undata, native to western Europe and northern Africa.

Darth Vader /ˈdɑː(ɹ)θ ˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ pn
Dark Vador
Darth Vader, the villain of the science-fantasy film series Star Wars.

Darwin's fox Darwin's foxes n
Renard de Darwin
A fox-like South American canid of species Lycalopex fulvipes, found predominantly on Chiloé.

Darwin's rhea Darwin's rheas n
nandou de Darwin
A small rhea, Rhea pennata, found from Patagonia to the high Andes.

Darwinian /dɑɹˈwɪ.ni.ən/ /dɑːˈwɪ.ni.ən/ more Darwinian most Darwinian adj
darwinien
Of or pertaining to the scientific views advanced by the English biologist, geologist, and naturalist Charles Darwin, especially his theory that living organisms evolve through the natural selection of inherited variations that increase organisms' ability to compete, survive, and reproduce.

Darwinism /ˈdɑːwɪnɪzəm/ Darwinisms n
darwinisme
The principles of natural selection set out in Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859), more strictly defined by August Weismann and developed by other authors into a central part of the modern evolutionary synthesis.

Dasher pn
Tornade
The first reindeer of Santa Claus.

Dauphin /-ˈfæn/ /doʊˈfɛn/ /ˈdɔ.fɪn/ pn
Dauphin
The Rural Municipality of Dauphin, TemplateParserError:LuaError, which surrounds the city.

Dauphinois adj
dauphinois

Dauphinois Dauphinois n
Dauphinois Dauphinoise

Dauphinois pn
dauphinois
A Romance language or dialect.

Dauphiné /dəʊfɪˈneɪ/ pn
Dauphiné
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, centred on Grenoble.

Daurian jackdaw Daurian jackdaws n
choucas de Daourie
An Asian bird of the crow family (Coloeus dauuricus) closely related to the western jackdaw (Coloeus monedula).

Davao City pn
Davao
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Davao Region pn
Région de Davao
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David /ˈdeɪvɪd/ Davids pn
David
(biblical character) The second king of Judah and Israel, the successor of King Saul in the Old Testament; the son of Jesse and the father of Nathan and King Solomon.
(rare) A en given name, often combined with a feminine middle name (e.g. David Ann).

Davidoff Davidoffs pn
Davidoff

Davos /ˈdævɒs/ /ˈdɑːvoʊs/ pn
Davos forum de Davos
(metonymy) An annual meeting of business leaders, major politicians, economists, and other celebrities hosted by the World Economic Forum in the town of Davos, Switzerland at the end of January.

Davy Jones's locker pn
le grand bouillon
(nautical, idiomatic) The bottom of the ocean, seen as a grave for sailors and the resting-place of anything that goes overboard and is lost.

Davy lamp Davy lamps n
lampe Davy
(mining, historical) A miners' lamp or safety lamp used in coal mines to prevent explosions.

Day of Atonement pn
Grand Pardon
(Judaism) Yom Kippur

De Lesseps De Lesseps De Lessepses pn
de Lesseps
(countable) A surname from French.
A placename

Dead Sea pn
mer Morte
TemplateParserError:LuaError, noted for high salinity and for its banks being the lowest land-based elevation on Earth.

Death pn
Mort camarde
The personification of death, often a skeleton with a scythe, and one of the four horsemen of the apocalypse.

Death Valley pn
Vallée de la mort
TemplateParserError:LuaError, remarkable for being the lowest-elevated place in North America, and the hottest place on Earth during summer.

Debaltseve pn
Debaltseve Debaltsevo
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in Donetsk oblast.

Deborah /ˈdɛb(ə)ɹə/ Deborahs pn
Débora
A judge of Israel; a nurse of Rebecca.
Débora Déborah
A en given name, popular from the 1940s to the 1970s, first in the USA, then in the UK.

Debrecen pn
Debrecen
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Dec pn
déc.
abbreviation of December

Decalogue /ˈdɛkəlɒɡ/ Decalogues n
décalogue
Any set of rules that have the weight of authority

Decameron /dɪˈkaməɹən/ /dɪˈkæməɹɑn/ /dɪˈkæməɹən/ pn
Décaméron
A collection of 100 short stories by Italian author Giovanni Boccaccio, probably begun in 1350 and finished in 1353.

December /dɪˈsɛm.bəɹ/ /dɪˈsɛmbə/ Decembers pn
décembre
The twelfth and last month of the Gregorian calendar, following November and preceding the January of the following year, containing the southern solstice.

Decembrist Decembrists n
décabriste
(historical) A participant in, or sympathizer with, the Decembrist revolt.

Dedekind cut Dedekind cuts n
coupure de Dedekind
(mathematics) Any partition of the set of rational numbers into non-empty sets A and B such that all elements of A are less than all elements of B and A contains no greatest element; intended as a construction of a real number.

Dedekind domain Dedekind domains n
anneau de Dedekind
(algebra, ring theory) An integral domain in which every proper ideal factors into a product of prime ideals which is unique (up to permutations).

Deepika pn
Deepika

Deianira /ˌdeɪ.əˈnaɪəɹə/ /ˌdi.əˈnaɪɹə/ /ˌdiːəˈnaɪəɹə/ pn
Déjanire

Deimos /ˈdaɪməs/ pn
Déimos
(Greek mythology) A son of Ares (Latin: Mars), god of terror.
Deimos Déimos
(astronomy) The outermost natural satellite of Mars.

Delacroixian more Delacroixian most Delacroixian adj
delacrucien
Of, or characteristic of Eugène Delacroix, or his art.

Delacrucian more Delacrucian most Delacrucian adj
delacrucien
Of, or characteristic of Eugène Delacroix, or his art.

Delete Deletes n
touche de suppression
(computing) A key that may be pressed to delete something (such as text or files) from a computer. The key also erases text from left to right, unlike the backspace key.

Deleuzian more Deleuzian most Deleuzian adj
deleuzien

Deleuzianly more Deleuzianly most Deleuzianly adv
deleuzement

Delhi /ˈdɛl.i/ pn
Delhi
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Delilah /dɪˈlaɪlə/ pn
Dalila
The mistress of Samson who betrayed him to the Philistines.

Delisle Delisles pn
Delisle

Delos pn
Délos
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Delphi /ˈdɛlfi/ [ˈdɛɫfi] pn
Delphes
A city of ancient Greece, the site of the Delphic oracle

Delphic /ˈdɛlfɪk/ more Delphic most Delphic adj
delphique
Of or relating to Delphi or its oracles.

Delphinus pn
Dauphin
(constellation) A small summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dolphin. It lies between the constellations Cygnus and Aquila.

Deluge pn
déluge déluge universel
(Bible) The Biblical flood taking place in the story of Noah in Genesis.

Delyankir pn
Delyankir
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Delémont pn
Delémont
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Demeter /dəˈmiːtəɹ/ /dɪˈmiːtə/ /ˈdɛmɪtəɹ/ pn
Déméter
(Greek god) The goddess of the fertility of the Earth and harvests, protector of marriage and social order; daughter of Cronos and Rhea, mother to Persephone.

Demetrius /dɪˈmiːtɹɪəs/ pn
Démétrius Démétrios
A en given name, of mostly historical use in English.

Demiurge /ˈdɛmɪɜːdʒ/ /ˈdɛmɪˌɝd͡ʒ/ pn
démiurge
(gnosticism) A prideful, inferior being that creates the material world; frequently identified with the creator God of the Hebrew Bible.

Democrat adj
démocrate
(US, _, politics, proscribed, pejorative, offensive) Of or belonging to the Democratic Party in the United States.

Democrat Democrats n
démocrate
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States.

Democratic Party pn
Parti démocrate
(US politics) A left-wing liberal political party in the United States.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv kəˈɹiːə/ pn
République populaire démocratique de Corée
Official name of North Korea.

Democratic Republic of the Congo /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ðə ˈkɒŋɡəʊ/ pn
République Démocratique du Congo République démocratique du Congo
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Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka pn
République démocratique socialiste du Sri Lanka
Official name of Sri Lanka.

Democritus /dɪˈmɒkɹɪtəs/ pn
Démocrite
A Greek philosopher (c.460-c.370 BC). The originator of the atomic theory together with his teacher Leucippus.

Demosthenes /dɪˈmɒsθəniːz/ pn
Démosthène
An Ancient Greek en given name, famously borne by Demosthenes, the Athenian statesman and orator of 4th century BC.

Demotic Greek n
démotique dimotiki grec démotique
The Modern Greek vernacular language. It became the official Modern Greek in 1976 when Katharevousa was replaced, and was written in polytonic script until 1982, and in monotonic script after 1982.

Denali /dɪˈnɑːli/ pn
Denali Mont McKinley
The highest mountain peak in North America (the third most prominent peak after Mount Everest and Aconcagua), located in central Alaska.

Deneb /ˈdɛnɛb/ pn
Deneb
(star) A blue giant star in the constellation Cygnus; Alpha (α) Cygni. It forms one corner of the Summer Triangle. Deneb is one of the brightest stars in the night sky, and one of the most luminous stars known.

Denebola pn
Dénébola
Beta Leonis, the second-brightest star in the constellation of Leo.

Denise /dəˈniːz/ pn
Denise
A en given name.

Denmark /ˈdɛn.mɑɹk/ /ˈdɛn.mɑːk/ pn
Danemark
The main part of the Kingdom of Denmark, excluding the Faroe Islands and Greenland; the metropole of the Kingdom of Denmark.
A number of places in other countries:

Denmark-Norway pn
Danemark-Norvège
(historical) A former political entity consisting of the united kingdoms of Denmark and Norway, including overseas Norwegian dependencies of Iceland, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.

Dennis /ˈdɛnɪs/ pn
Denis
A en given name.

Derbyshire /ˈdɑː(ɹ).bɪ.ʃə(ɹ)/ pn
Derbyshire

Derek /ˈdɛɹɪk/ pn
Thierry
A en given name.

Dervish /ˈdɜː(ɹ)vɪʃ/ Dervishes n
derviche
A member of a Sufi Muslim ascetic fraternity of mendicant friars.

Derzhavinian more Derzhavinian most Derzhavinian adj
derjavinien
Of or relating to Gavrila Derzhavin (1743–1816), Russian poet and statesman.

Desbiens Desbiens Desbienses pn
Desbiens
(countable) A surname from French.
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Descemet Descemets pn
Descemet

Desdemona /ˌdɛzdəˈmoʊnə/ pn
Desdémone
Othello's wife in Shakespeare's play The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, noted for being a victim of jealousy.
(astronomy) An inner moon of the planet Uranus.
(astronomy) 666 Desdemona, a main-belt asteroid discovered in 1908.

Desiderius /ˌdɛzɪˈdɪəɹɪəs/ pn
Didier
A Latin en given name

Desolation Islands pn
îles de la Désolation
Synonym of Kerguelen Islands

Detroit /dɪˈtɹɔɪt/ /dɪˈt͡ʃɹɔɪt/ /ˈdiːtɹɔɪt/ pn
Détroit
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(metonymy) The United States' automotive industry.

Deucalion /djuːˈkeɪlɪən/ pn
Deucalion

Deuteronomy /djuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ /dutəˈɹɑnəmi/ /dʊˈtrɔnɔmi/ /dʒuːtəˈɹɒnəmi/ pn
Deutéronome
The fifth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fifth book in the Torah.

Deutsche Mark Deutsche Mark Deutsche Marks n
deutschemark Deutsche Mark mark allemand
(historical, numismatics) The former currency unit of Germany (now replaced by the euro), abbreviated as DM or DEM.

Deux-Sèvres pn
Deux-Sèvres
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Devanagari /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑɡəɹi/ /ˌdeɪvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˌdɛvəˈnɑːɡ(ə)ɹɪ/ pn
dévanagari devanagari
An abugida script used to write many languages originating in India and Nepal, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Maithili, Bhili, Konkani, Bhojpuri, and Nepali.

Devil's Island pn
Île du Diable
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Deville Devilles pn
Deville

Devonian adj
dévonien
(geology) of a geologic period within the Paleozoic era; comprises lower, middle and upper epochs from about 415 to 360 million years ago

Dexter /ˈdɛkstɚ/ pn
Dexter
A en given name.

Dhaka /ˈdækə/ pn
Dhaka Dacca
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Dhivehi n
divehi
An Indo-Aryan language, the official language of the Republic of Maldives.

Diamniadio pn
Diamniadio
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Diana /daɪˈænə/ pn
Diane
(Roman god) The daughter of Latona and Jupiter, and twin sister of Apollo; the goddess of the hunt, associated wild animals and the forest or wilderness, and an emblem of chastity; the Roman counterpart of Artemis.
A en given name.

Dianetic adj
dianétique
Of or pertaining to Dianetics.

Dianetics /daɪəˈnɛtɪks/ n
dianétique
A self-help system designed by L. Ron Hubbard, today chiefly employed in Scientology.

Dickensian /dəˈkɛn.zi.ən/ /dɪˈkɛn.zɪ.ən/ more Dickensian most Dickensian adj
dickensien
Of, pertaining to, or created by the English author Charles Dickens.
Reminiscent of the environments and situations most commonly portrayed in Dickens' writings, such as poverty, social injustice, and other aspects of Victorian England.

Dido /ˈdaɪdəʊ/ pn
Didon
(Greek mythology) Founder and first Queen of Carthage.

Didymoteicho pn
Didymotique
A town located in the eastern part of the Evros Prefecture of Thrace, Greece.

Diego /diˈeɪ.ɡoʊ/ Diegos pn
Diego
A en given name.

Diekirch pn
Diekirch
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the north-east of the country.
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Dien Bien pn
Diên Biên
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Dien Bien Phu pn
Diên Biên Diên Biên Phu
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Dieppe /diˈɛp/ pn
Dieppe
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Differdange pn
Differdange
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Dijon pn
Dijon
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Dijon mustard Dijon mustards n
moutarde de dijon
A kind of mustard made with verjuice (or, more recently, white wine) instead of vinegar.

Diocletian /ˌdaɪ.əˈkliːʃən/ pn
Dioclétien
Roman cognomen, particularly borne by the Roman emperor Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus (245-313).

Diogenes /daɪˈɒdʒəniːz/ pn
Diogène
An Ancient Greek en given name

Diogenes syndrome n
syndrome de Diogène

Diomedes /daɪəˈmiːdiːz/ pn
Diomède
(Greek mythology) a hero in Greek mythology, mostly known for his participation in the Trojan War

Dione /daɪˈoʊni/ Diones pn
Dioné
(Greek mythology) Mother of Aphrodite, and possibly the same as the goddess Rhea.
(astronomy) TemplateParserError:LuaError; The fourth largest moon of Saturn.

Dionne Dionnes pn
Dionne
A French-Canadian surname from French.

Dionysius /daɪəˈnɪsɪəs/ /daɪəˈnɪzɪəs/ pn
Denis
An Ancient Greek en given name

Dionysus /daɪəˈnaɪsəs/ /daɪəˈnaɪsɪs/ pn
Dionysos
(Greek god) The god of wine, ivy and grapes, specifically its intoxication and social influence, but also the patron of agriculture and the theater. Also related to the mystery of religion, as in "spiritual intoxication".

Diophantine adj
diophantien
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Diophantus, the Greek mathematician.

Diophantine equation Diophantine equations n
équation diophantienne
(number theory) A polynomial equation whose variables are only permitted to assume integer values.

Diophantus /daɪəˈfæntəs/ pn
Diophante
(mathematics) A Greek mathematician who first developed algebra

Discordianism /dɪsˈkɔɹdi.ənɪzəm/ /dɪsˈkɔː.di.ən.ɪzm̩/ pn
discordianisme
A minor modern religion with absurdist elements, often seen as a parody, based on the worship of Eris, the Greek goddess of discord and confusion.

Disneyan more Disneyan most Disneyan adj
disneyen
Of or relating to the American animator Walt Disney or his Walt Disney Company.

Disneyfy v
disneyifier

Disneyland /ˈdɪzniːˌlænd/ pn
Disneyland
The archetypical theme park, located in Anaheim, California. Other Disneyland theme parks exist in other cities such as Chessy (Seine-et-Marne, France), Tokyo, Shanghai, and Hong Kong.

District of Columbia pn
District de Columbia district de Columbia
The federal capital region of the United States of America. The City of Washington used to be a municipality within the District of Columbia until 1871, when two entities were merged. For this reason, the district is also generally known as Washington, D.C.

Dixie Alley pn
Dixie Alley

Djerba pn
Djerba

Djibouti /d͡ʒɪˈbuːtiː/ pn
Djibouti
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Djiboutian adj
djiboutien djiboutienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Djibouti or its people or culture.

Djiboutian Djiboutians n
Djiboutien Djiboutienne
A person from Djibouti or of Djiboutian descent.

Dmitry pn
Dimitri
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Дми́трий (Dmítrij).

Dniester /ˈniːstər/ pn
Dniestr
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Dnipro /dniːˈprəʊ/ /niˈproʊ/ /nɪˈproʊ/ /ˈdnɪ.prə/ /ˈni.proʊ/ /ˈnɪ.proʊ/ pn
Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk
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, an oblast of Ukraine.
Dnipro Dniepr Dnipropetrovsk
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Dnipropetrovsk pn
Dniepropetrovsk Dnipropetrovsk
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(historical)

Dobermann Dobermanns n
doberman dobermann
A large breed of guard dog bred in Germany.

Dobruja pn
Dobroudja Dobrogée
A historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea.

Dobsonian telescope Dobsonian telescopes n
télescope de Dobson
(astronomy) An alt-azimuth mounted Newtonian telescope; a type of reflecting telescope.

Doctor Doctors n
docteur
The title of an academic or medical doctor (a person who holds a doctorate); used before or instead of the doctor's name.

Doctor of Philosophy Doctors of Philosophy n
docteur en philosophie
A terminal research degree and one of the highest doctorates awarded by a university.

Dodecanese /ˌdəʊdɛkəˈniːz/ pn
Dodécanèse
An island chain consisting of twelve main islands including Rhodes, its capital.

Dogrib pn
flanc-de-chien
The Athabaskan language of this people.

Doha /ˈdoʊ.hɑː/ /ˈdəʊ.hɑː/ pn
Doha
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Dolomites /ˈdoʊl.əˌmaɪts/ /ˈdɒl.əˌmaɪts/ pn
Dolomites
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Dolores /dəˈlɔɹ.ɪz/ /dəˈlɔː.ɹɪz/ pn
Dolorès
A en given name.

Domain Name System pn
adressage par domaines annuaire des domaines système d'adressage par domaines système de noms de domaine
(computing, Internet) The distributed database, sometimes including all the supporting hardware or software infrastructure, the Internet uses to translate hostnames into IP addresses and provide other domain-related information.

Dome of the Rock pn
coupole du Rocher dôme du Rocher
A shrine, located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, which contains the Foundation Stone.

Dominic /ˈdɒ.məˌnɪk/ pn
Dominique
A en given name, best known for the Spanish saint who founded the Dominican order.

Dominica /də.ˈmɪ.nɪ.kə/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈniː.kə/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kə/ pn
Dominique
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Dominican /də.ˈmɪn.ɪ.kən/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈni.kən/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kən/ more Dominican most Dominican adj
dominicain dominicaine
Of, from, or pertaining to the Dominican Republic, or its people.
dominiquais dominiquaise
Of, from, or pertaining to Dominica, or its people.
dominicain
Of or belonging to the Dominican religious order.

Dominican /də.ˈmɪn.ɪ.kən/ /ˌdɑ.mɪ.ˈni.kən/ /ˌdɒ.mɪ.ˈniː.kən/ Dominicans n
Dominicain Dominicaine Dominiquais
A person from the Dominican Republic or of its descent.
Dominiquais
A person from the Commonwealth of Dominica or of its descent.
dominicain Dominicain
A member of the religious order founded by St. Dominic.

Dominican Republic /doʊˌmɪn.ɪ.kən ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/ /dɒmˌɪn.ɪ.kən ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/ pn
République dominicaine
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Dominion of Canada pn
Dominion du Canada
(dated, formal) Canada

Domodedovo pn
Domodiedovo
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Don Juan Don Juans n
don Juan
A man who obsessively seduces women.

Don Quixote /dɒn ˈkwɪksəʊt/ /ˌdɑn kiˈhoʊteɪ/ /ˌdɑn kiˈhoʊti/ /ˌdɒn kiːˈhəʊtɪ/ pn
Don Quichotte
A famous 1605–1615 Spanish novel by Miguel de Cervantes (1547–1616), whose full title is El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha (The Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote of La Mancha).

Don Quixotesque more Don Quixotesque most Don Quixotesque adj
don-quichottesque
Resembling or characteristic of the fictional character Don Quixote.

Donald /ˈdɑn.əld/ /ˈdɒn.əld/ Donalds pn
Donald
A en given name.

Donald Duck pn
Donald Duck Donald
One of the Disney cartoon characters, an anthropomorphic white-feathered duck who usually wears a sailor suit and is known for his voice especially in tantrums.

Donatello pn
Donatello
An Italian Renaissance painter.

Donatism n
donatisme
(Christianity) An early Christian belief which maintained that apostate priests were incapable of administering the sacraments, as opposed to the orthodox view that any sacrament administered by a properly ordained priest or bishop is valid, regardless of how sinful he is or if he has converted to another religion.

Donbas /-bæs/ /-ˈbɑːs/ /dɒnˈbɑːs/ /dʌnˈbæs/ /ˈdɑːnbɑːs/ /ˈdɒnbæs/ /ˈdɒnbɑːs/ pn
Donbass
(usually with definite article) An industrial region in eastern Ukraine.

Donets pn
Donetz
One of several rivers in Eastern Europe, including but not limited to:

Donets Basin pn
bassin du Donetz

Donetsk /dəˈnɛtsk/ pn
Donetsk
(city and raion) TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Kalmius river.

Donetsk People's Republic pn
République populaire de Donetsk
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, on the 7th of April, 2014; it claims to be the successor state of the 1918 Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic and is one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.

Donner pn
Tonnerre
The seventh reindeer of Santa Claus.

Doppler effect Doppler effects n
effet Doppler
The apparent change in frequency or wavelength of a wave that is perceived by an observer moving relative to the source of the waves.

Dorado pn
Dorade
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a goldfish or swordfish. It lies between the constellations Pictor and Reticulum, and is notable for containing most of the Large Magellanic Cloud.

Dordogne pn
Dordogne
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A river that flows from south-central France into the Garonne.

Dorian /ˈdɔːɹiən/ Dorians n
Dorien
A member of the Dorians.

Doric pn
dorique
The Ancient Greek dialect group once spoken in northwestern Greece, southern Italy, and Sicily.

Dorothy /ˈdɑɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɒɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɔɹ.ə.θi/ /ˈdɔɹ.θi/ pn
Dorothée
A en given name.

Dorset /ˈdɔː(ɹ).sɪt/ pn
Dorset
TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes all of the traditional county except Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole, a separate unitary authority.

Dortmund pn
Dortmund
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Dorval Island pn
L'Île-Dorval Île Dorval
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Dorylaeum pn
Dorylée
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Dostoyevskian more Dostoyevskian most Dostoyevskian adj
dostoïevskien
Of or relating to Fyodor Dostoyevsky (Russian: Фёдор Миха́йлович Достое́вский; 1821–1881), Russian novelist and philosopher.

Dothraki pn
dothraki

Doubs /duː/ pn
Doubs
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Douglas /ˈdʌɡləs/ Douglases pn
Douglas
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Douglas fir Douglas firs n
pin de l'Oregon
An evergreen conifer of genus Pseudotsuga; there are four to six species native to western North America and eastern Asia.

Doumbouya Doumbouyas pn
Doumbouya

Douro pn
Douro Duero
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Dover /ˈdoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈdəʊ.və/ pn
Douvres
A sea area between this port and France.

Dover sole Dover soles n
sole franche
The common sole (Solea solea).

Down syndrome /-dɹəm/ /daʊn ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /daʊn ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ pn
syndrome de Down trisomie 21
(neurology, chiefly, US, Australia, New Zealand) A genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 (a chromosomal excess), whereby the patients typically have a delay in cognitive ability and physical growth, as well as a small head and tilted eyelids. [from 1961.]

Dr Drs n
Dr.
Doctor, a title used before a doctor's name or surname (Dr Jane Doe, Dr Doe)

Draco /ˈdɹeɪkoʊ/ /ˈdɹeɪkəʊ/ pn
Dragon
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dragon. It features a line of stars (including Thuban) that winds between Ursa Major and Ursa Minor.
Dracon
The name of an Athenian lawgiver, known for the severity of his laws.

Dracula /ˈdɹækjələ/ /ˈdɹækjʊlə/ pn
Dracula
(fiction) The fictional vampire in the novel of the same name by Bram Stoker.

Drake equation pn
équation de Drake
(exobiology) A formula for calculating the probability of civilizations existing elsewhere in the Milky Way galaxy and of their ability to communicate with Earth.

Drava /ˈdɹɑːvə/ pn
Drave
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Dravidian /dɹəˈvɪdɪən/ pn
dravidien
A family of related ethnicities and languages primarily in Southern India, Northeast Sri Lanka, and parts of Pakistan and Bangladesh.

Dreamtime /ˈdɹiːmtaɪm/ pn
Espaces de rêves
(Australian Aboriginal mythology) The time of the creation of the world, by the ancestors out of their own essence.

Drenthe /ˈdɹɛntə/ pn
Drenthe
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Dresden /ˈdɹɛzdən/ pn
Dresde dresdois
(history, metonymically) The Bombing of Dresden.

Drinkwater Drinkwaters pn
Boileau
A surname transferred from the nickname.

Druidry n
druidisme

Drumian pn
Drumien

Drunken Fist pn
poing ivre
A style of martial arts which imitates the movements of a drunkard, both to make the power movements more fluid, and to deceive the opponent.

Druze /ˈdruːz/ Druze Druzes n
Druze Druzes
A member of this community.

Drôme pn
Drôme
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Dubai /duːˈbaɪ/ /dʊˈbaɪ/ pn
Dubaï
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Dubaian Dubaians n
Doubaïote

Dublin /ˈdʊbᵊlən/ /ˈdʌblən/ /ˈdʌblɪn/ pn
Dublin
(metonym) The government of the Republic of Ireland.

Dubliner Dubliners n
Dublinois Dublinoise
Someone from Dublin, Ireland

Dubois /duːˈbwɑ/ /duːˈbɔɪz/ Dubois Duboises pn
Dubois
(countable) A surname from French.

Dubreuil Dubreuils pn
Dubreuil

Dubrovnik pn
Dubrovnik
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Duckburg /ˈdʌkbɝɡ/ pn
Donaldville Canardville
A fictional city, located in the fictional US state of Calisota, that serves as the home of Donald Duck, his surrounding cast, and several other anthropomorphic animals.

Dudelange pn
Dudelange
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Dudinka /duːˈdɪnkə/ pn
Doudinka
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Dufour Dufours pn
Dufour

Duisburg /ˈd(j)uːsbɝɡ/ /ˈd(j)uːzbɝɡ/ /ˈdjuːsbɜːɡ/ pn
Duisbourg
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Dukasian more Dukasian most Dukasian adj
dukasien
Of or pertaining to Paul Dukas.

Dumais pn
Dumais

Dumas pn
Dumas
A surname from French.

Dumasian more Dumasian most Dumasian adj
dumasien
Of or pertaining to the French writer Alexandre Dumas.

Dumbarton /dʌmˈbɑɹ.tən/ /dʌmˈbɑː.tən/ pn
Dumbarton
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Dungan /ˈdʊŋɡɑːn/ pn
doungane
The Sinitic language of this people, a Mandarin dialect written in the Cyrillic script.

Dungeons & Dragons pn
Donjons et Dragons
(game) A particular fantasy role-playing game.

Dunhuang /dʊnˈhwæŋ/ /dʊnˈhwɑŋ/ pn
Dunhuang Touen-houang
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Dunkirk /ˈdʌŋkɜː(ɹ)k/ pn
Dunkerque
Dunkerque, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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Dupuytren's contracture n
contracture de Dupuytren maladie de Dupuytren
A fixed flexion contracture of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended (straightened). It is an inherited proliferative connective tissue disorder which involves the palmar fascia of the hand.

Dupuytren's disease n
maladie de Dupuytren
Synonym of Dupuytren's contracture

Durban /ˈdøːbən/ /ˈdɜː.bən/ /ˈdɝ.bən/ Durbans pn
Durban
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(countable) A surname.

Durga pn
Dourga
A powerful Indian female deity.

Durrës /ˈdʊɹəs/ pn
Durrës Duras
An Adriatic port city in Albania, on the site of ancient Epidamnus.

Dushanbe pn
Douchanbé
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Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ adj
néerlandais hollandais
Of or pertaining to the Netherlands, the Dutch people or the Dutch language.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ n
Hollandais Néerlandais
(collective) The people of the Netherlands, or one of certain ethnic groups descending from the people of the Netherlands.

Dutch /dʌt͡ʃ/ pn
néerlandais hollandais
The main language of the Netherlands, Flanders (i.e., the northern half of Belgium) and Suriname; Netherlandic.

Dutch Guiana pn
Guyane hollandaise Guyane néerlandaise
(historical) Suriname, in the colonial era.

Dutch Limburg pn
Limbourg Hollandais

Dutch Shepherd Dutch Shepherds n
berger hollandais
A breed of dog of Dutch origin.

Dutch auction /ˌdʌtʃ ˈɔːk.ʃən/ Dutch auctions n
adjudication à la hollandaise enchère descendante enchère hollandaise enchère inversée
A reverse auction that starts at a high price that is gradually reduced by the auctioneer until someone is willing to buy.

Dutch elm disease n
graphiose de l'orme maladie hollandaise de l'orme
(plant disease) A disease of elm trees caused by ascomycete fungi in the genus Ophiostoma and spread by bark beetles.

Dutch oven Dutch ovens n
cocotte
(US) A large metal cooking pot with a tight-fitting lid.

Dutch reach n
poignée hollandaise
A technique for opening a motor vehicle door to avoid striking (“dooring”) passing cyclists or other road users by reaching across the body for the door latch with the more distant hand.

Dutchman /ˈdʌt͡ʃmən/ Dutchmen n
Néerlandais Hollandais
A Dutch man; a man from the Netherlands.

Dutchman's breeches n
dicentre à capuchon
A plant of the species Lamprocapnos spectabilis, formerly Dicentra spectabilis, similar to D. cucullaria, but red or pink.

Dutchwoman /dʌt͡ʃˌwʊmən/ Dutchwomen n
Néerlandaise Hollandaise
A Dutch woman; a woman from the Netherlands.

Dyle pn
Dyle
River in Belgium, flowing through Leuven and Mechelen

Dyophysite /dʌɪˈɒfəzʌɪt/ Dyophysites n
dyophysite
(theology) Someone who believes in the doctrine that there are ‘two natures’, human and divine, in Christ.

Dzongkha /ˈdzɒŋkə/ /ˈzɒŋkə/ pn
dzongkha
The national language of Bhutan; Bhutanese.

Dönmeh n
Dönme
(historical) A group of crypto-Jews in the Ottoman Empire who, to avoid imprisonment after declaring arrival of the doomsday messiah, converted publicly to Islam, but retained their Jewish beliefs in secret.

E /iː/ /ɛ/ Es n
Hebrew
(slang) The drug ecstasy (MDMA), particularly in pill form.
E
(especially, in, _, LGBT, _, contexts) The hormone estrogen/estradiol. (Contrast T, testosterone.)

E major n
mi majeur
(music) The major key with the notes E, F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D♯, the key signature of which has four sharps.
(music) The major chord with a root of E.

E minor n
mi mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes E, F♯, G, A, B, C, and D
(music) the minor chord with a root of E

E-flat E-flats n
mi bémol
(music) A tone one semitone lower than E, between D and E.
(music) A key or other mechanism for producing an E-flat.

E-flat major n
mi bémol majeur
(music) The major chord with a root of E-flat.

EBU pn
UER
Acronym of European Broadcasting Union.

ECB pn
BCE
Initialism of European Central Bank.

ECE n
EPE
Initialism of early childhood education.

ECHR pn
CEDH
Initialism of w:European Court of Human Rights.

ECOWAS pn
CEDEAO
Acronym of Economic Community of West African States.

ECSC pn
CECA
Initialism of European Coal and Steel Community.

EEA pn
EEE
Initialism of European Economic Area (the area consisting of the European Union plus Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein).

EFTA /ɛf.tɑː/ pn
AELE
Initialism of European Free Trade Association.

ELCIC /ˌiːˌɛlˌsiːˌaɪˈsiː/ pn
Église évangélique luthérienne au Canada
Initialism of Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada.

EMU EMUs n
UEM
(economics) Initialism of w:economic and monetary union.

ENT ENTs n
ORL
(medical) Initialism of ear, nose and throat.
(medical) An otorhinolaryngologist; an ear, nose and throat doctor.

EO n
EO
(uncountable)

EPP pn
PPE
(European politics) Initialism of European People's Party.

EPPO pn
BPGE OEPP
Initialism of European Public Prosecutors' Office.

ERM pn
MCE
(EU, finance) Initialism of European Exchange Rate Mechanism.

ESA pn
ASE
(space) Initialism of European Space Agency.

ESP ESPs n
PES
(linguistics, education) Initialism of English for specific or special purposes.

EST ESTs n
STA
(plural only) Initialism of English subtitles.

EST pn
HNE
(time) Initialism of Eastern Standard Time.

ET ETs n
HE
(uncountable) Initialism of Eastern Time (-5 hours to GMT).

ETA ETAs n
heure d'arrivée estimée
Initialism of estimated time of arrival.

EU /ˌiː ˈjuː/ pn
UE
(politics, economics) Initialism of European Union.

EUSSR pn
UERSS
(derogatory) The European Union.

Early Middle Ages pn
Haut Moyen Âge
(history) The period of the Middle Ages from about the fifth to the eleventh centuries that followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire.

Early Modern English pn
anglais moderne naissant
The form of the English language written and spoken from the end of the 15th century to the mid-17th century.

Earth /ɜːθ/ /ɝθ/ Earths pn
Terre terre
The third planet of the Solar System; the world upon which humans live.

Earth Day pn
Jour de la Terre
(North American countries) April 22; Created in 1970, global day of observance of the need to protect the earth.

Earth mass Earth masses n
masse terrestre
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to that of the Earth, used to express the mass of planets and similar astronomical bodies. 1 M🜨 = 6 × 1024 kg.

Earthling /ˈɜːθlɪŋ/ /ˈɝθlɪŋ/ Earthlings n
terrien terrienne
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of Earth, as opposed to one of another planet; specifically, a sentient member of any species native to Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

East /iːst/ Easts pn
levant orient
The Eastern world; the regions, primarily situated in the Eastern Hemisphere, whose culture is derived from Arabia, India, Persia or China.
The Eastern Bloc; the eastern countries of Europe.
les états de l'est des [[États-Unis]]
The eastern states of the United States.

East Africa pn
Afrique Orientale
The eastern part of the continent of Africa.

East Anglia pn
Est-Anglie
TemplateParserError:LuaError occupied by Norfolk, Suffolk and parts of Cambridgeshire.

East Asia pn
Asie de l'Est
The eastern part of Asia inclusive of China proper, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan and sometimes inclusive of Mongolia and Tibet and some or all of Southeast Asia and the Philippines.

East Asian adj
est-asiatique
Of, from, or pertaining to East Asia.

East Asian East Asians n
Est-Asiatique
A person from East Asia.

East Berlin pn
Berlin-Est
(historical, 1949–1990) The Soviet sector of Berlin between 1949 and 1990.

East China Sea pn
mer de Chine orientale
A marginal sea east of China, south of the Korean Peninsula, west of the Ryukyu Islands, and north of Taiwan.

East Coast pn
Côte Est
The eastern seaboard of the United States.

East Flanders pn
Flandre-Orientale
One of the ten provinces of Belgium, with capital Ghent.

East Flemish pn
flamand oriental
a (rather artificial, by anology with West Flemish) group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the eastern part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium, and further south/west in France)

East Francia pn
Francie orientale

East Frisian pn
frison oriental
The Frisian language spoken in East Frisia (northwest Germany), of which Saterland Frisian is the last remaining variety.

East Germany pn
Allemagne de l'Est
(historical, 1949–1990) A former Communist country of Central Europe between 1949 and 1990, officially called the German Democratic Republic (GDR), capital East Berlin.

East Indies pn
Indes orientales
Southeast Asia, especially Island Southeast Asia or Indonesia, but also including India, Indochina, Malaya and the Malay Archipelago, from the Philippines to Indonesia.

East Jerusalem pn
Jérusalem-Est
The portion of Jerusalem controlled by Jordan between 1948 and 1967.

East Malaysia pn
Malaisie orientale
The eastern half of the country of Malaysia on the island of Borneo, consisting of Sarawak, Sabah and Labuan.

East Midlands pn
Midlands de l'Est
A district in the geographical centre of England, being the counties of Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Leicestershire, Lincolnshire, Rutland and Northamptonshire.

East Prussia pn
Prusse-Orientale
(historical) A historical province of Prussia and Germany, since WWII divided between Poland and Russia. A small part of the territory is part of Lithuania.

East Siberian Sea pn
mer de Sibérie orientale
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East Slavic adj
slave oriental
Of or relating to the East Slavs, their culture or language(s).

East Timor pn
Timor Oriental Timor oriental
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East Turkestan /isːt ˈtɜɹkɪˌstæn/ /isːt ˌtɜɹkɪˈstæn/ /isːt ˌtɜː(ɹ)kɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkestan oriental
.

Easter /ˈistɚ/ /ˈiːstə/ Easters n
Pâques
A Christian feast commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ, celebrated on the first Sunday (and Monday) following the full moon that occurs on or next after the vernal equinox, ranging in most of Western Christianity (such as Protestantism and Roman Catholicism) from March 22 to April 25, and in Eastern Christianity (such as the Coptic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church) from April 4 to May 8.

Easter Bunny /ˈiːs.tə ˈbʌ.ni/ /ˈiːs.tɚ ˈbʌ.ni/ Easter Bunnies pn
lapin de Pâques
A symbolic rabbit sometimes depicted delivering Easter eggs to children.

Easter Island pn
île de Pâques
An island in the South Pacific, belonging to Chile and famous for its moai monuments.

Easter Monday pn
Lundi de Pâques lundi de Pâques
The Monday after Easter Sunday; a bank holiday in Britain and a holiday in many other places.

Easter Sunday pn
dimanche de Pâques
(Christianity) Easter Day, a Christian religious moveable holiday commemorating the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.

Easter egg /ˈiː.stəɹ ˌɛɡ/ Easter eggs n
œuf de Pâques
A dyed or decorated egg, traditionally associated with Easter and, in the Western European tradition, sometimes hidden for children to find.
A chocolate confection in the shape of an egg, sometimes with chocolates or sweets inside.
(computing, video games) An undocumented function hidden in a program or video game, typically triggered by a particular input sequence or combination of keystrokes. [from 1980s]

Easter egg hunt Easter egg hunts n
chasse aux œufs
A common festive activity held at Easter, where Easter eggs are hidden outdoors (or indoors if in bad weather) for children to run around and find; this may also be a contest to see who can collect the most eggs.

Eastern Bloc pn
pays de l'Est
(historical) The largely Communist countries of the eastern world, usually Eastern Europe and especially in the Cold War era.

Eastern Bonelli's warbler Eastern Bonelli's warblers n
pouillot oriental
Phylloscopus orientalis, a species in the Phylloscopus genus of warblers.

Eastern Europe pn
Europe de l'Est Europe orientale
A socio-politic geographical area of eastern Europe usually including the European countries to the east of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the west of the Urals. However, a less common definition of the region excludes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, the Baltic states and some parts of the Balkans - placing them in Central Europe instead.

Eastern Hemisphere pn
hémisphère est
The hemisphere of the Earth to the east of the Greenwich Meridian (zero degree longitude) and west of 180 degrees longitude (approximately the International Date Line).

Eastern Orthodox Church Eastern Orthodox Churches pn
Communion des Églises orthodoxes Église orthodoxe
One of the major branches of Christianity; it comprises the Greek Orthodox Church, the Russian Orthodox Church and other patriarchates.

Eastern Roman Empire /ˈistɚn ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ /ˈiːstən ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Empire romain d'Orient

Eastern Standard Time pn
heure normale de l'est
The timezone that encompasses the East coast of the United States, and parts of Canada during winter and late autumn; it is five hours behind Greenwich Mean Time.

Eastern Time pn
heure de l'Est
Eastern Daylight/Eastern Standard Time

Eastwoodian adj
eastwoodien
Relating to, or characteristic of Clint Eastwood

Ebisu n
Ebisu
Synonym of Emishi (“ancient ethnic group of Japan”)

Ebola /iˈboʊlə/ /ɪˈboʊlə/ /ɪˈbəʊlə/ n
Ebola
The Ebola virus.
Ebola fever.

Ebola fever n
fièvre Ebola
(disease) An extremely contagious and often fatal illness caused by the Ebola virus, characterised by fever and internal bleeding, contracted through infected body fluids.

Ebola virus n
virus Ebola
Any extremely contagious filovirus infection of African origin that causes Ebola fever, spread through contact with bodily fluids or secretions of infected persons and by airborne particles, caused by the viruses in genus Ebolavirus.

Ebro /ˈeɪbɹəʊ/ /ˈɛbɹəʊ/ pn
Èbre
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows into the Mediterranean.

Ecclesiastes pn
Ecclésiaste Qohéleth
(biblical) A book in the Old Testament of the Bible.

Ecclesiastical Latin pn
latin ecclésiastique
The Latin language as spoken, written, and used in the Christian church and in church services.

Echidna /əˈkɪd.nə/ /ɪˈkɪd.nə/ pn
Échidna
(Greek mythology) A female monster who, along with Typhon, mothered the vast majority of the famous monsters and creatures of Greek mythology.

Echo /ˈɛkoʊ/ pn
Écho
(Greek mythology) An oread, punished by Hera by losing her own voice and only being able to mimic that of others.

Echternach pn
Echternach
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the east of the country.
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Eclectic Wicca pn
wicca éclectique
A branch of Wicca based on individuals inventing their own spiritual practices rather than following tradition or by combining multiple traditions in a syncratic manner

Ecuador /ˈɛk.wə.dɔɹ/ /ˈɛk.wə.dɔː/ pn
Équateur
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Ecuadorian adj
équatorien
Of, from, or pertaining to Ecuador or the Ecuadorian people.

Ecuadorian Ecuadorians n
Équatorien Équatorienne
A person from Ecuador or of Ecuadorian descent.

Ecurie pn
Écurie

Edam cheese Edam cheeses n
édam
A Dutch cheese with a red coating.

Edda pn
Edda

Eden /ˈiːdən/ pn
Éden
(biblical) A garden built by God as the home for Adam and Eve; sometimes identified as part of Mesopotamia.

Edenic /iːˈdɛnɪk/ /ɪˈdɛnɪk/ Edenics n
édénique paradisiaque
One who promotes an Edenic ideal.

Edgar /ˈɛdɡɚ/ pn
Edgar
A en given name.

Edinburg pn
Édimbourg
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Edinburger Edinburgers n
Édimbourgeois Édimbourgeoise
An inhabitant of Edinburgh; Edinbronian.

Edinburgh /ˈɛd.ən.bʌɹ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ənˌbɝ.ə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bə.ɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bɹə/ /ˈɛd.ɪn.bʌɹ.ə/ [ˈɛd.n̩.bə.ɹə] pn
Édimbourg
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Edith /ˈidɪθ/ pn
Édith
A en given name.

Edmonton /ˈɛdməntən/ pn
Edmonton
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Edmontonian adj
edmontonien
Of, from, or pertaining to Edmonton, Alberta.

Edmontonian Edmontonians n
Edmontonien
A native or inhabitant of Edmonton.

Edmund /ˈɛdmənd/ Edmunds pn
Edmond
A en given name, borne by early English kings and saints.

Edo /ˈɛdoʊ/ /ˈɛdəʊ/ pn
Edo Yédo
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Edom /ˈi.dəm/ pn
Édom
(biblical) The name given to Esau in the Hebrew Bible.
Idumée
(historical) A region whose inhabitants, the Edomites, traditionally traced their ancestry to Esau.

Edward /ˈɛdwəd/ /ˈɛdwɚd/ pn
Édouard
A en given name.

Edwardian more Edwardian most Edwardian adj
édouardien
Of the period in British history from circa 1901 to 1910, when Edward VII ruled the British Empire.

Egypt /ˈiː.d͡ʒɪpt/ pn
Égypte
(historical) A civilization based around the river Nile, on its lower reaches nearer the Mediterranean.

Egyptiac adj
Egyptiaque
(rare) of or relating to Ancient Egypt, Egyptian

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ adj
égyptien égyptienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Egypt, the Egyptian people or the Egyptian language.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ Egyptians n
Égyptien Égyptienne Egyptien Egyptienne
A person from Egypt or of Egyptian descent.

Egyptian /ɪˈd͡ʒɪp.ʃən/ pn
égyptien
The Afroasiatic language spoken (and written) in ancient Egypt

Egyptian Arabic pn
arabe égyptien
The dialect of Modern Arabic spoken in Egypt. Egyptian Arabic is a dialect continuum.

Egyptian cobra Egyptian cobras n
cobra égyptien
A species of cobra found in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (Naja haje) often referred to as an asp.

Egyptian goose Egyptian geese n
ouette d'Égypte ouette d’Égypte
A goose of the species Alopochen aegyptiaca.

Egyptian plover Egyptian plovers n
pluvian du Nil pluvian fluviatile pluvian d'Égypte
A wading bird of the species Pluvianus aegyptius.

Egyptian vulture Egyptian vultures n
percnoptère d’Égypte vautour percnoptère
Neophron percnopterus

Egyptocentric more Egyptocentric most Egyptocentric adj
égyptocentriste
Emphasizing Egypt or its culture or languages.

Egyptological more Egyptological most Egyptological adj
égyptologique

Egyptologist /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒɪst/ Egyptologists n
égyptologue
A person; one who is skilled in or professes or practices Egyptology.

Egyptology /ˌid͡ʒɪpˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːd͡ʒɪpˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ Egyptologies n
égyptologie
(uncountable) The study of ancient Egypt.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndromes n
Syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos
(medicine, pathology) Any of a group of inherited connective tissue disorders caused by a defect in the synthesis of collagen, and resulting in abnormally elastic skin, joints, muscles, etc.

Eid /iːd/ Eids pn
Aïd
Ellipsis of Eid al-Fitr.

Eid al-Adha pn
Aïd el-Kebir Aīd al-Kabīr
An Islamic festival commemorating the prophet Ibrahim's willingness to sacrifice his son Ismail to Allah.

Eid al-Fitr /ˌiːd æl ˈfiːtəɹ/ pn
Aïd el-Fitr
(Islam) The religious celebration at the end of Ramadan, on the first day of the tenth month of the Muslim lunar calendar.

Eifelian pn
Eifelien

Eiffel /ˈaɪf(ə)l/ /ˈaɪfl̩/ pn
Eiffel
A surname from French.

Eiffel Tower pn
tour Eiffel Tour
An iron tower built in 1889 on the Champ de Mars beside the Seine River in Paris; a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.

Eileithyia pn
Ilithyie
(Greek god) The goddess of childbirth and midwifery; the daughter of Zeus and Hera; the Greek counterpart of the Roman Lucina.

Einstein /ˈaɪnstaɪn/ /ˈaɪnʃtaɪn/ Einsteins pn
Einstein
Albert Einstein, the world-famous 20th-century theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity.

Einstein field equation Einstein field equations n
Équation de champ d'Einstein
(relativity) A symmetric 4 × 4 tensor equation in general relativity in which the gravitational force is described as a curvature of spacetime caused by matter and energy.

Einstein ring Einstein rings n
anneau d'Einstein
(astronomy) A ring-shaped gravitational mirage; an image of a distant light source (such as a galaxy) which has been distorted into a ring by a gravitational lens.

Einstein's constant pn
constante d'Einstein
(physics) the coupling constant appearing in the Einstein field equation

Einsteinian /aɪnˈstaɪ.nɪ.ən/ adj
einsteinien
Of or relating to the German-born theoretical physicist Albert Einstein or his scientific theories.

Ekavian pn
ékavien
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /e/.

El Aaiún pn
Laâyoune
The capital city of Western Sahara.

El Dorado pn
Eldorado
A legendary lost city of gold.
(by extension) Any place of fabulous wealth.

El Niño /ɛl ˈniːn.joʊ/ El Niños pn
El Niño
An invasion of warm water into the surface of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru and Ecuador, the positive phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes changes in local and regional climate.

El Salvador /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔɹ/ /ɛl ˈsæl.və.dɔː/ pn
Salvador El Salvador
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Elagabalus /ˌɛləˈɡæbələs/ pn
Elagabal Héliogabale
(Ancient Rome) The Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (reigned 218–222), noted for eccentricity, femininity, decadence, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos.

Elaine /iːˈleɪn/ /ɪˈleɪn/ pn
Élaine
A en given name.

Elam /ɛˈlɑːm/ /ˈiːləm/ pn
Élam
(historical) An ancient civilization established in what is now south-western Iran before 3000 BC; its capital was Susa and its inhabitants were Elamites; known in classical times as Susiana.

Elamite Elamites n
Élamite
An inhabitant of ancient Elam.

Elba pn
Elbe
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Elbe /ɛlb/ /ˈɛlbə/ pn
Elbe
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Elbrus pn
Elbrouz
An inactive volcano located in the western Caucasus mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia, near the border of Georgia. Elbrus's highest peak is the highest mountain in the Caucasus, and in Russia.

Eleanor /ˈɛlənɚ/ pn
Éléonore Aliénor
A en given name.

Elector Electors n
prince-électeur princesse-électrice
(historical) A German prince entitled to elect the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire; a prince-elector.

Electoral College pn
collège électoral
(US politics) An electoral college chosen, within a state, to formally cast that state's votes for the president and vice president of the United States.

Electra complex Electra complexes n
complexe d'Électre
(psychoanalysis) The theory that a female's psychological development involves a sexual attachment to the father and jealousy of the mother.

Eleonora's falcon Eleonora's falcons n
faucon d'Éléonore
Falco eleonorae, a medium-sized raptor of the falcon family.

Elfdalian pn
elfdalien
A linguistic variety of the Scandinavian language continuum spoken in the old parish of Övdaln in Sweden.

Elginism /ˈɛlɡɪnɪzəm̩/ n
elginisme
Cultural vandalism.

Eli /ˈilaɪ/ pn
Éli
A en given name of Biblical origin.

Eliezer /ˌɛliˈiːzə(ɹ)/ /ˌɛliˈɛzə(ɹ)/ Eliezers pn
Éliézer
A en given name of biblical origin.

Elijah /ɪˈlaɪd͡ʒə/ /ɪˈlaɪʒə/ pn
Élie
(religion) An Israelite prophet in the Abrahamic religions.
A en given name.
A en given name.

Elisabeth /əˈlɪzəbəθ/ pn
Élisabeth
The mother of John the Baptist according to the Christian and Islamic scriptures

Elisha /ɪˈlaɪʃə/ pn
Élisée
(biblical character) A prophet, a disciple and successor of Elijah.

Elisheba pn
Elichéba
(biblical character) The wife of Aaron, mentioned in Exodus 6:23.

Elizabeth /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/ Elizabeths pn
Élisabeth
A en given name, popular since the 16th century.

Elizabethan /əˌlɪzəˈbiθ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɪzəˈbiːθ(ə)n/ more Elizabethan most Elizabethan adj
élisabéthain
Pertaining to the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, monarch of England and Ireland, from 1558 to 1603.

Elizabethan collar Elizabethan collars n
collerette vétérinaire
(figurative) A protective medical device worn by an animal, usually a cat or dog, shaped like a truncated cone, to prevent the animal from biting or licking at its body or scratching at its head or neck while wounds or injuries heal.

Elliott wave Elliott waves n
vague d'Elliott
(finance) A wave pattern used in some forms of technical analysis of securities prices.

Elohim /ɛˈloʊˌhim/ /ɛˈloʊˌhɪm/ /ˌɛ.loʊˈhim/ /ˌɛ.loʊˈhɪm/ pn
Elohim Élohim
God; the name used for God in Hebrew scriptures, and used for the Father by Latter-day Saints.

Eloi /iːlɔɪ/ pn
Éloi

Elsinore /ˈɛlsəˌnɔɹ/ /ˈɛlsɪnɔː/ /ˌɛlsɪˈnɔː/ pn
Elseneur
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Its Kronborg Castle served as the setting for William Shakespeare's play Hamlet.
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California (the settlement was renamed in 1972).
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Elvira Elviras pn
Elvire
A en given name, in quiet use since the 19th century.

Elvish /ˈɛlvɪʃ/ pn
elfique
(fantasy) The language spoken by elves.

Elysian /ɪˈliː.ʒən/ /ɪˈlɪz.i.ən/ adj
élyséen
Of or pertaining to Elysian or Elysium, the location.

Elysian Fields pn
Champs-Élysées
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Elysium; home of the blessed, after death.

Elysium /ɪˈli.zi.əm/ /ɪˈli.ʒi.əm/ pn
Élysée
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The home of the blessed after death.

Emajõgi pn
Emajõgi
TemplateParserError:LuaError which flows from Lake Võrtsjärv through Tartu County into Lake Peipus, crossing the city of Tartu for 10 km. It has a length of 101 km.

Ember day /ˈɛmbə ˌdeɪ/ /ˈɛmbɚ ˌdeɪ/ Ember days n
Quatre-Temps
(Christianity) Any of the three days within the same week, four separate sets of which occur roughly equidistant in the circuit of the year, that are set aside for fasting and prayer. In Western Christianity they are usually the Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday following the first Sunday in Lent, Whitsunday, Holy Cross Day (14 September), and Saint Lucy's Day (13 December).

Emery pn
Émeric Aymeric
A surname transferred from the given name.

Emesa /ˈɛməsə/ /ˈɛmɛsə/ pn
Émèse
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Emesene /ˈɛməˌsiːn/ /ˌɛməˈsiːn/ adj
émésien émésène émésénien
Of or pertaining to Emesa or its region.

Emesene /ˈɛməˌsiːn/ /ˌɛməˈsiːn/ Emesenes n
Émésien Émésienne Émésène Émésénien Émésénienne
(historic) A person from, or an inhabitant of, Emesa or its region.

Emesene pn
Émésène
(historical) A region in Syria along the middle and upper section of the Orontes river, between Epiphaneia to the north and Maurikiopolis to the south.

Emil pn
Émile
A en given name.

Emilia pn
Émilie
A en given name, a rare latinized variant of Emily.
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, approximately coterminous with modern Emilia-Romagna.

Emilia-Romagna /ɪˈmiːljə ɹəʊˈmɑːnjə/ pn
Émilie-Romagne
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Emilian pn
émilien
A language spoken in the historical region of Emilia, closely related to Romagnol.

Emily pn
Émilie
A en given name.

Emirate of Sicily pn
émirat de Sicile
(historical) A mediaeval Islamic state that ruled Sicily from 831 until falling to the Normans in 1091; specifically, the state ruled by the Kalbids, from 948 to 1091.

Emirati adj
émirati émirien
Of, from, or pertaining to the United Arab Emirates.

Emirati Emiratis n
Émirati Émirien
A person descended ethnically from the Arab people of the United Arab Emirates.

Emma /ˈɛmə/ pn
Emma
A en given name.

Emmanuel /ɪˈmænjuəl/ /ɪˈmænjəl/ /ɪˈmænwəl/ Emmanuels pn
Emmanuel
A en given name of Biblical origin.

Emmeline pn
Émeline
A en given name.

Empedocles /ɛmˈpɛdəˌkliːz/ pn
Empédocle
A Greek philosopher who held that all matter was composed of earth, air, fire and water.

Empire of Japan pn
Empire du Japon
(historical) Japan from the Constitution of the Empire of Japan (1890) until the enactment of the post-WWII Constitution of Japan (1947). Unofficially used for Japan from the end of the shogunate (1868) to the end of the World War II (1945).

Emsian pn
Emsien

Emsland pn
Pays de l'Ems
A German district in Lower Saxony.

Enceladus /ɛnˈsɛlədəs/ pn
Encelade
(Greek mythology) A giant in Greek mythology.
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Enerhodar pn
Enerhodar
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Engadin pn
Engadine
A long valley in the Swiss Alps located in the canton of Grisons/Graubünden in southeast Switzerland.

England /ˈɪŋlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ /ˈɪŋɡələnd/ Englands pn
Angleterre
The kingdom established in southeast Britain by Aethelstan of Wessex in 927 and its various successor states, now the largest and most populous of the constituent countries of the United Kingdom; (by extension, sometimes, proscribed) the area of this kingdom generally, south of Scotland and east of Wales, including (historical) this area of Celtic and Roman Britain or the post-Roman kingdoms of the Angles and other Germans taken collectively.

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ more English most English adj
anglais anglaise
Of or pertaining to the people of England (to Englishmen and Englishwomen).

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ English Englishes n
anglais anglaise anglaises
(in the plural) The people of England, Englishmen and Englishwomen.
anglais
(uncountable) Facility with the English language, ability to employ English correctly and idiomatically.
The English term or expression for some thing or idea.
The English text or phrasing of some spoken or written communication.
gros-texte
(printing, dated) A size of type between pica (12 point) and great primer (18 point), standardized as 14-point.

English /ˈɪŋlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡləʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ /ˈɪŋɡəlɪʃ/ Englishes pn
anglais
The language originating in England but now spoken in all parts of the British Isles, the Commonwealth of Nations, North America, and other parts of the world.

English Canada pn
Canada anglais Canada anglophone Canadiens anglais
English-speaking (English-language) Canada.

English Carrier English Carriers n
Messager Messager anglais Pigeon Messager anglais carrier messager messager anglais
Columba livia domestica, an old breed of fancy pigeon.

English Channel pn
Manche
The arm of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the British Isles from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic Ocean.

English Opening n
partie anglaise
A chess opening in which white begins by playing 1.c4, moving his queen bishop's pawn to the fourth rank.

English bond English bonds n
appareil flamand appareil français appareil picard appareil à la française
(masonry) In bricklaying, an arrangement of bricks such that one course has the short sides of the bricks (headers) facing outwards, and the next course has the long sides of the bricks (stretchers) facing outwards.

English studies n
anglistique
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the English language, English linguistics, and English sociolinguistics.

English vice pn
vice anglais

English-Canadian more English-Canadian most English-Canadian adj
anglo-canadien anglo-canadienne canadien anglophone canadien-anglais canadienne anglophone canadienne-anglaise
Of or relating to anglophone (English-speaking, English-language) Canadians, of English Canada.

Englishman /ˈɪŋ.lɪʃ.mən/ /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ.mən/ Englishmen n
Anglais
A native or inhabitant of England; a man who is English by ancestry, birth, descent, or naturalisation. [from 7th c.]

Englishness /ˈɪŋ(ɡ)lɪʃnəs/ Englishnesses n
anglicité
The quality, state or characteristic of being English.

Englishwoman Englishwomen n
Anglaise
A female native or inhabitant of England; a woman who is English by birth, descent or naturalisation.

Enkidu /ˈɛn.kɪ.du/ pn
Enkidu
Companion of Gilgamesh in the poem Epic of Gilgamesh from ancient Mesopotamia.

Enlightenment pn
lumière
A 17th- and 18th-century philosophical movement in European history; the Age of Enlightenment or Age of Reason emphasizing rationalism.

Enna pn
Enna
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Enoch /ˈiːnɒk/ /ˈiːnək/ pn
Hénoch
A en given name of biblical origin.

Entente Cordiale /ɒnˈtɒnt ˌkɔː(ɹ)diˈɑːl/ pn
Entente cordiale
(collectively) A specific set of landmark agreements, signed on April 8, 1904, that resolved a number of long-standing territorial, economic, and strategic points of contention between Britain and France.

Entlebucher Entlebuchers n
bouvier de l'Entlebuch
A dog of a breed traditionally used by herders in the Swiss Alps.

Enyo /ɪˈnaɪoʊ/ pn
Ényo
(Greek god) Goddess of violent war, acting as a counterpart and companion to the war god Ares. Identified with Bellona in Roman mythology.

Enza pn
Enza
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Eocene /ˈiːəsiːn/ more Eocene most Eocene adj
éocène
(geology) of a geologic epoch within the Paleogene period from about 56 to 34 million years ago.

Eogene /ˈiəˌd͡ʒin/ more Eogene most Eogene adj
éogène
former name of Paleogene

Eogene /ˈiəˌd͡ʒin/ pn
Éogène
former name of the Paleogene

Eonavian pn
éonavien

Eos /ˈiɑs/ /ˈiːɒs/ pn
Éos
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of the dawn; daughter of Hyperion and Theia, sister of Helios and Selene, wife of Astraeus (god of the dusk), and mother of the four Anemoi ("Winds"), and the five Astra Planeta ("Wandering Stars/Planets"). Her Roman counterpart is Aurora.

Ephesians pn
Éphésiens
(biblical) The tenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, an epistle to the people of Ephesus which is attributed to Paul the Apostle.

Ephesus /ˈɛfɪsəs/ pn
Éphèse
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Ephialtes pn
Éphialte Éphialtès
(Greek mythology) Either of two Giants.

Ephraim /ˈifɹi.əm/ /ˈifɹəm/ /ˈɛf.ɹəm/ pn
Éphraïm
The younger son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.
A en given name.

Epictetus /ˌɛ.pɪk.ˈtaɪ.təs/ /ˌɛ.pɪk.ˈtiː.təs/ pn
Épictète

Epicureanism Epicureanisms n
épicurisme
A system of philosophy, chiefly ethics, based upon the teachings of Epicurus (c. 340–c. 270 BC), that advocated retreat from public life to preserve one's long-term happiness and ataraxia.

Epicurus /ˌɛpɪˈkjʊəɹəs/ /ˌɛpɪˈkjʊɹəs/ pn
Épicure
(historical) An ancient Greek philosopher, founder of the movement known as Epicureanism.

Epimetheus pn
Épiméthée
(Greek mythology) Son of Iapetus and Clymene, brother to Atlas, Menoetius and Prometheus, of whom he ignored warnings to beware of any gifts from Zeus. He accepted Pandora as his wife, thereby bringing sorrow to the world; father to Pyrrha.

Epiphanes /ɛˈpɪfəniːz/ pn
Épiphane
(history) the epithet of several Hellenistic rulers

Epiphania pn
Épiphanie
(historical) The ancient city of Hama.

Epiphany /ɛˈpɪfəni/ /ɪˈpɪfni/ /ɪˈpɪfəni/ pn
Épiphanie fête des Rois
A en given name.

Epirote Epirotes n
Épirote
An inhabitant or descendant of Epirus.

Epirotic more Epirotic most Epirotic adj
épirote
Of or pertaining to Epirus.

Epirus /ɪˈpaɪəɹəs/ pn
Épire
(historical) A larger historical kingdom in roughly the same region, widely extended by the Greek general and king Pyrrhus during the early Hellenistic period.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; one of the thirteen peripheries (administrative regions) of modern Greece.

Equality State pn
État de l'égalité
The official nickname for the state of Wyoming in the United States of America.

Equatorial Guinea /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl ˈɡɪni/ pn
Guinée équatoriale
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Equuleus pn
Petit Cheval
(constellation) The second smallest constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a little horse. It lies west of the constellation Aquarius.

Erasmus /ɪˈɹæzməs/ pn
Érasme Érasme de Rotterdam
Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (known as Erasmus or Erasmus of Rotterdam), a Dutch humanist and theologian.
Érasme
A en given name, rare in English.

Erato /ˈɛɹətoʊ/ pn
Érato
(Greek god) The goddess of lyric poetry, particularly erotic poetry, eroticism, and mimic imitation, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne. Usually depicted with a crown/wreath of myrtle and roses, holding a lyre and a golden arrow and doves. Often accompanies Eros/Cupid.
(astronomy) 62 Erato, a main belt asteroid.

Erebus /ˈɛɹəbəs/ pn
Érèbe
(Greek mythology) The dark and gloomy cavern between the earth and Hades; the underworld.

Eric /ˈɛɹɪk/ pn
Éric
A en given name.

Erica pn
Erica Erika Érica Érika
A en given name.

Eridanus pn
Éridan
(constellation) A large winter constellation of the northern sky. It lies near Orion and Cetus.

Erie /ˈɪəɹi/ /ˈɪɹi/ pn
Érié
One of the Great Lakes of North America.

Erinyes /ɪˈɹɪniˌiːz/ Erinys pn
Érinyes
(Greek god) The Furies; the goddesses of vengeance against serious moral offence (such as oath-breaking), latterly known as protectors of Athens, of pre-Olympian origin and variously described as having sprung from the spilled blood of Uranus or as daughters of Nyx; identified with the Roman Dirae.

Eris /ˈɛɹɪs/ /ˈɪəɹɪs/ pn
Éris
(Greek god) The goddess of discord and strife, whose apple of discord sparked events that eventually led to the Trojan War; equated by Homer with Enyo (goddess of violent war) and identified with the Roman goddess Discordia;(religion, Discordianism) the same figure as principal deity of Discordianism, regarded as the goddess of disorder.
(astronomy) The celestial body 136199 Eris, the most-massive known dwarf planet in the Solar System and the largest known object in the scattered disk; formerly nicknamed Xena.

Eritrea /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ /ˌɛɹɪˈtɹi.ə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹ(e)ɪə/ /ˌɪɹɪˈtɹeɪə/ pn
Érythrée
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The modern State of Eritrea (since the 1990s).

Eritrean more Eritrean most Eritrean adj
érythréen érythréenne
Of, belonging to, or relating to Eritrea or its people.

Eritrean Eritreans n
Érythréen Érythréenne
A native or inhabitant of Eritrea, or a descendant of such person.

Erlenmeyer Erlenmeyers pn
Erlenmeyer

Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks n
erlenmeyer
(chemistry) A glass laboratory flask of a conical profile with a narrow tubular neck and a flat bottom, used to manipulate solutions or carry out titrations.

Ermengarde pn
Ermengarde
(rare) A en given name.

Ernest /ˈɜː(ɹ)nɪst/ pn
Ernest
A en given name; popular in the 19th century.

Ernestine adj
ernestin

Ernestine pn
Ernestine
A en given name, feminine form of Ernest borrowed from French.

Eros /ˈɛɹɒs/ pn
Éros
(Greek god) The god of love and sexual desire; son of either Erebus and Nyx or Aphrodite and Ares. His Roman counterpart is Cupid.
433 Eros, an asteroid

Erymanthian Boar pn
sanglier d'Érymanthe
(Greek mythology) a giant boar that ravaged the area round Mount Erymanthos; captured by Heracles

Erymanthos pn
Érymanthe
A mountain in the southcentral part of the Achaia prefecture in southwestern Greece

Erythraean /ˌɛɹɪˈθɹi.ən/ pn
Érythrée

Erythraean Sea /ˌɛɹɪˈθɹi.ən siː/ pn
mer Érythrée

Esau /ˈisɑ/ /ˈiːsɔː/ pn
Ésaü
The son of Isaac and Rebekah and the older twin brother of Jacob.

Esch-sur-Alzette pn
Esch-sur-Alzette
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the south of the country.
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Esdras pn
Esdras
(biblical) any of four books of the Old Testament and Apocrypha of the Bible.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ more Eskimo most Eskimo adj
eskimo esquimau
In, of, or relating to the Eskimo languages.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ Eskimo Eskimoes Eskimos n
Esquimau Eskimo
(sometimes, offensive) A member of any of the Eskimo peoples.

Eskimo /ˈɛs.kɪ.moʊ/ /ˈɛs.kɪ.məʊ/ pn
Eskimo Esquimaux
(sometimes, offensive) A group of indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic, from Siberia, through Alaska and Northern Canada, to Greenland, including the Inuit and Yupik.
eskimo esquimau
Any of the languages of the Eskimo.

Eskimo kiss Eskimo kisses n
bisou esquimau
The rubbing of one's nose against another's as a sign of affection.

Esmeralda /ɛzməˈɹɑːldə/ /ɛzməˈɹɛldə/ pn
Esméralda
A en given name.

Espelette pn
Espelette
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Espelette pepper Espelette peppers n
piment d'Espelette

Esperantist Esperantists n
espérantiste espérantophone
A specialist or speaker of Esperanto, the international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof.

Esperantize v
espérantiser
(US, Canada) To translate into Esperanto.

Esperanto /ˌɛspəˈɹæntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹæntəʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑntoʊ/ /ˌɛspəˈɹɑːntəʊ/ pn
espéranto
An international auxiliary language designed by L. L. Zamenhof with a base vocabulary inspired by Indo-European languages such as English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, and having a streamlined grammar with completely regular conjugations, declensions, and inflections.

Esperantologist Esperantologists n
espérantologue
A person who studies Esperanto in an academic way.

Esperantology n
espérantologie
The academic study of Esperanto.

Esperantujo pn
espérantie
A notional land of Esperanto speakers.

Esposito pn
Esposito
A surname from Italian.

Espírito Santo pn
Espírito Santo
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Essaouira /ɛs.ə.ˈwɪ.ɹə/ pn
Essaouira Mogador
A city in the western Moroccan economic region of Marrakesh-Safi, on the Atlantic coast.

Essex skipper Essex skippers n
hespérie des graminées hespérie du dactyle hespérie européenne
A small, bright orange and brown butterfly, Thymelicus lineola, of the family Hesperiidae.

Essonne pn
Essonne
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Estee /ˈɛsteɪ/ /ˈɛstiː/ Estees pn
Estée

Esther /ˈɛstə/ /ˈɛstɚ/ pn
Esther
A en given name.
The heroine of the Book of Esther.

Esti pn
Estée

Estonia /ɛsˈtoʊ.ni.ə/ /ɛsˈtoʊn.jə/ /ɛsˈtəʊ.nɪ.ə/ Estonias pn
Estonie
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Estonian adj
estonien estonienne
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Estonia, its people or their language.

Estonian Estonians n
Estonien Estonienne estonien
(countable, rare) Any person from Estonia or someone descended from such people.
estonien
(uncountable) The Uralic language that is the official language of Estonia.

Estonianization n
estonisation

Estuary English pn
Anglais de l'estuaire
(British) A variety of English accent, spreading out from London into the area of the Thames estuary, containing features of received pronunciation, Cockney and other regional accents.

Eswatini /ɛˈswɑː.ti.ni/ /ˌɛ.swɑːˈti.ni/ pn
Eswatini
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Esztergom /ˈɛstɛɹɡom/ pn
Esztergom
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Etarra Etarras n
étarra
A member of the Basque terrorist nationalist organization ETA.

Eternal City pn
ville éternelle
A nickname for the city of Rome.

Ethan /ˈiːθən/ pn
Éthan
A en given name, of mostly American usage since the 18th century; popular in the 2000s.

Ethelred /ˈɛθ.əlˌɹɛd/ pn
Ethelred Æthelred
A en given name
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred I, King of Wessex between 865 and his death in 871
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Ethelred II “the Unready”, King of the English between 978 and his death in 1016

Ethernet /ˈiθəɹˌnɛt/ Ethernets n
Ethernet
A computer network that complies with this set of standards.

Ethiopia /iθiˈoʊpi.ə/ pn
Éthiopie
(historical) Sub-Saharan Africa, especially the parts south of Egypt and along and east of the Nile.

Ethiopian /ˌiːθiˈəʊpi.ən/ more Ethiopian most Ethiopian adj
éthiopien
Of, from, or pertaining to Ethiopia, the Ethiopian people or the Ethiopian culture.

Ethiopian /ˌiːθiˈəʊpi.ən/ Ethiopians n
Éthiopien
A person from Ethiopia or of Ethiopian descent.
(dated) A black-skinned person, especially one from Africa.

Ethiopian wolf Ethiopian wolves n
Loup d'Abyssinie loup d'Éthiopie
An African canid, Canis simensis.

Ethiopist Ethiopists n
éthiopiste
A person; one who is skilled in or professes or practices Ethiopian studies.

Etna /ˈɛtnə/ pn
Etna
An active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy, between Messina and Catania.

Etobicoke /ɪˈtoʊ.bɪ.koʊ/ pn
Etobicoke
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Etruria /ɪˈtɹʊə.ɹɪ.ə/ pn
Étrurie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the Arno and Tiber rivers, corresponding to modern day Tuscany in Western Italy; the home of Etruscans.
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Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ more Etruscan most Etruscan adj
étrusque
Of or pertaining to the region and culture of Etruria, a pre-Roman civilization in Italy.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ Etruscans n
Étrusque
An inhabitant of ancient Etruria.

Etruscan /ɪˈtɹʌskən/ pn
étrusque
The extinct language of Etruria, which has no known relation to any other language.

Etruscan bear Etruscan bears n
ours étrusque
An extinct species of bear, †Ursus etruscus, endemic to Europe, Asia and North Africa during the Pliocene and Pleistocene (approximately 5.3 million to 100,000 years ago).

Etruscologist Etruscologists n
étruscologue
A historian or archaeologist who specializes in the Etruscans.

Ettelbruck pn
Ettelbruck
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Euanthe pn
Euanthé
(astronomy) One of the moons of Jupiter.

Euboea /juːˈbiːə/ pn
Eubée
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the second-largest, just off the eastern coast of Boeotia, in the Aegean Sea.

Eucharist /ˈjuːkəɹɪst/ /ˈjuːkɹɪst/ Eucharists n
eucharistie
(Christianity) The Christian sacrament of Holy Communion.

Euclid /ˈjuːklɪd/ pn
Euclide
Euclid of Alexandria, a Greek mathematician, fl. 300 BC.

Euclidean /juːˈklɪd.i.ən/ adj
euclidien
(geometry) Adhering to the principles of traditional geometry, in which parallel lines are equidistant.
Of or relating to Euclid's Elements, especially to Euclidean geometry.

Euclidean algorithm Euclidean algorithms n
algorithme d'Euclide
(arithmetic, number theory) Specifically, a method, based on a division algorithm, for finding the greatest common divisor (gcd) of two given integers; any of certain variations or generalisations of said method.

Euclidean geometry n
géométrie euclidienne
(geometry) The familiar geometry of the real world, based on the postulate that through any two points there is exactly one straight line.

Euclidean space Euclidean spaces n
espace euclidien
Ordinary n-dimensional space, characterized by an infinite extent along each dimension and a constant distance between any pair of parallel lines.

Eugene /juˈd͡ʒin/ /ˈjuː.d͡ʒin/ pn
Eugène
A en given name

Eugenia /juːˈd͡ʒiːniə/ /juːˈd͡ʒɛniə/ pn
Eugénie
A en given name. Variant: Eugenie.

Eugenius pn
Eugène
A en given name

Euhemerus /juːˈhiːmərəs/ /juːˈhɛmərəs/ pn
Évhémère
(historical) An ancient Greek Sicilian Skeptic philosopher, famed for a lost work proposing most or all mythology derived from historical figures and natural events which became supernatural only through retelling.

Eulalie pn
Eulalie
A en given name.

Euler /ˈɔɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔɪlɚ/ [ˈɔɪləɹ] [ˈɔʏlɐ] pn
Euler
A surname

Euler's formula pn
formule d'Euler
(complex analysis) Formula which links complex exponentiation with trigonometric functions:
(differential geometry) Formula which calculates the normal curvature of an arbitrary direction in the tangent plane in terms of the principal curvatures \kappa_1 and \kappa_2 and the angle \theta which that direction makes with the first principal direction:

Eumolpus /juːˈmɒlpəs/ pn
Eumolpe
(Greek mythology) The son of Poseidon and Chione, who became one of the first priests of Demeter and one of the founders of the Eleusinian Mysteries.

Eupen pn
Eupen
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Euphemia /juˈfimi.ə/ /juːˈfiːmɪ.ə/ pn
Euphémie
A en given name.

Euphrates /juːˈfɹeɪtiːz/ pn
Euphrate
The river in the Middle East, 2780 kilometers in length, flowing southwest from Turkey, then southeast, and uniting with the Tigris before entering the Persian Gulf. It forms the Western edge of classical Mesopotamia.

Eurabia /jəˈɹeɪbiə/ /jʊəˈɹeɪbiə/ pn
Eurabia Eurabie

Eurasia /jəˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ /jʊˈɹeɪ.ʒə/ pn
Eurasie
The largest and most populous landmass on Earth, consisting of Europe and Asia; sometimes also including neighbouring islands. [1881]
A region comprising parts of Eastern Europe, the Caucasus and Central Asia; the countries of the former Soviet Union and the sphere of influence of Russia.

Eurasian more Eurasian most Eurasian adj
eurasiatique
Of or pertaining to the continent of Eurasia, or to both Europe and Asia.

Eurasian Economic Union pn
Union eurasiatique
an economic union between the Russian Federation, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan

Eurasian badger Eurasian badgers n
blaireau eurasiatique blaireau européen
A badger species indigenous to Eurasia, Meles meles.

Eurasian bittern Eurasian bitterns n
butor étoilé
A bittern found in Europe, Asia, and Africa (Botaurus stellaris).

Eurasian black vulture Eurasian black vultures n
vautour moine
Aegypius monachus, a species of large vulture living in Europe and Asia.

Eurasian blackbird Eurasian blackbirds n
merle
A bird of the species Turdus merula

Eurasian blackcap Eurasian blackcaps n
fauvette à tête noire
Sylvia atricapilla, an Old World warbler.

Eurasian bullfinch Eurasian bullfinches n
bouvreuil pivoine
A small passerine bird, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, in the finch genus.

Eurasian crag martin Eurasian crag martins n
hirondelle de rochers
Ptyonoprogne rupestris, a small passerine bird in the swallow family.

Eurasian eagle owl Eurasian eagle owls n
hibou grand-duc
Bubo bubo, the largest owl, native to almost all of temperate Eurasia.

Eurasian hobby Eurasian hobbies n
faucon hobereau
Falco subbuteo, a small raptor of the falcon family.

Eurasian jay Eurasian jays n
geai des chênes
A widespread species of jay, usually crested and with pinkish-brown plumage and a harsh screech (Garrulus glandarius).

Eurasian lynx Eurasian lynxes n
loup-cervier lynx boréal lynx commun lynx d'Eurasie lynx d'Europe
Lynx lynx, one of the species of lynx.

Eurasian magpie Eurasian magpies n
pie bavarde
A well-known black-and-white corvid species, Pica pica, of Eurasian distribution.

Eurasian nuthatch Eurasian nuthatches n
sittelle torchepot
A nuthatch of the species Sitta europaea.

Eurasian pygmy owl Eurasian pygmy owls n
chevêchette d'Europe
Glaucidium passerinum, the smallest Eurasian owl.

Eurasian scops owl Eurasian scops owls n
hibou petit-duc petit-duc scops
Otus scops, a small owl.

Eurasian siskin Eurasian siskins n
tarin des aulnes tarin
A bird of the species Spinus spinus, common throughout Eurasia.

Eurasian sparrowhawk Eurasian sparrowhawks n
épervier épervier d'Europe
A bird of the species Accipiter nisus

Eurasian spoonbill Eurasian spoonbills n
spatule blanche
Platalea leucorodia, a wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae.

Eurasian teal Eurasian teals n
sarcelle d'hiver
Anas crecca, a common and widespread duck which breeds in temperate Palearctic and migrates south in winter.

Eurasian three-toed woodpecker Eurasian three-toed woodpeckers n
pic tridactyle
Picoides tridactylus, a medium-sized woodpecker.

Eurasian treecreeper Eurasian treecreepers n
grimpereau des bois
Certhia familiaris, a species of bird in the family Certhiidae.

Eurasian wigeon /jəˌɹeɪʒənˈwɪd͡ʒən/ Eurasian wigeons n
canard siffleur
Mareca penelope, a species of dabbling duck.

Eurasian woodcock Eurasian woodcocks n
bécasse des bois bécasse
A medium-small wading bird, (Scolopax rusticola)

Eurasian wren Eurasian wrens n
troglodyte mignon
Troglodytes troglodytes

Eure pn
Eure
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TemplateParserError:LuaError, tributary to the Seine.

Eure-et-Loir pn
Eure-et-Loir
TemplateParserError:LuaError (INSEE code 28).

Euribor Euribors n
euribor
(finance)

Euric /ˈjʊəɹɪk/ Eurics pn
Euric
A historic king of the Visigoths.

Euripides /jəˈɹɪp.ɪˌdiz/ /jʊˈɹɪp.ɪˌdiz/ pn
Euripide
A Greek tragedian (c. 480–406 B.C.E.); Euripides was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens.

Euro- prefix
euro-
Pertaining to Europe, especially as a political entity.
Pertaining to the European Union.

Eurocent Eurocents n
centime
One hundredth of a euro.

Eurocentric more Eurocentric most Eurocentric adj
eurocentrique
Focused on Europe or the people and culture of Europe.

Eurocentrism n
eurocentrisme européocentrisme
The practice of viewing the world from a European perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of European culture.

Eurocommunism n
eurocommunisme
An ideological trend within various Western European communist parties in the 1970s and 1980s; a form of communism less aligned with Soviet communism and allegedly more relevant to Western European social conditions.

Eurocommunist Eurocommunists n
eurocommuniste
A supporter of Eurocommunism.

Eurocrat Eurocrats n
eurocrate
(slang, derogatory) An employee or minister of the European Union, typically working in Brussels or Strasbourg.

Eurogroup Eurogroups n
Eurogroupe
(European politics) The informal body composed of the finance ministers of the countries in the Eurozone.

Eurolinguistics n
eurolinguistique
(linguistics) A young branch of linguistics which deals with questions on the languages of Europe.

Euromaidan pn
Euromaïdan
A series of antigovernment protests in Ukraine that started in November 2013.

Europa /jʊˈɹoʊpə/ pn
Europe
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Europe /ˈjoː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɔː.ɹəp/ /ˈjɝ.əp/ /ˈjʉə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊə.ɹəp/ /ˈjʊɚ.əp/ pn
Europe
The portion of Eurasia west of the Urals, traditionally considered a continent in its own right, located north of Africa, west of Asia and east of the Atlantic Ocean.
A political entity; the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ more European most European adj
européen
Related to Europe or the European Union.

European /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpiː.ən/ /(ˌ)jʊə.ɹəˈpɪ.ən/ /ˌjɝ.əˈpi.ən/ /ˌjʊɚ.əˈpi.ən/ Europeans n
Européen Européenne
Person living or originating from Europe.
Person who resides within the European Union.

European Central Bank pn
Banque centrale européenne
The Central bank for the European Union, administering the monetary policy of the 17 EU Eurozone member states.

European Commission pn
Commission européenne
The executive branch of the European Union.

European Council pn
Conseil européen
an institution of the European Union (EU) charged with defining the EU's overall political direction and priorities, that comprises the heads of state or government of the member states, along with the President of the European Council and the President of the European Commission

European Economic Area pn
Espace économique européen

European Engineer European Engineers n
ingénieur européen
European qualification for engineers granted by the European Federation of National Engineering Associations (FEANI).

European Parliament /jʊˈroʊpiən ˈpɑrləmənt/ /jʊˈrəʊpiən ˈpɑːrləmənt/ pn
Parlement européen Chambre européenne Eurochambre Europarlement
(politics) A legislative chamber of the European Union.

European Portuguese pn
portugais du Portugal portugais européen
The Portuguese language as spoken and written in Portugal, particularly when it differs from other regional varieties of that language.

European Stability Mechanism pn
Mécanisme européen de stabilité
(finance, EU) A proposed international organisation that would provide financial assistance to members of the Eurozone in financial difficulty.

European Union /ˌjɔːɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjɝɹəˈpi.ən ˈjunjən/ /ˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən ˈjuːnjən/ /ˌjʊɹəˈpiən ˈjunjən/ pn
Union européenne
A supranational organisation, consisting of 27 member states, created in the 1950s to bring the nations of Europe into closer economic and political connection.

European beaver European beavers n
bièvre castor commun castor d'Eurasie castor d'Europe
A species of beaver, Castor fiber, native to Eurasia.

European bee-eater European bee-eaters n
guêpier d'Europe
Merops apiaster, a Mediterranean species of bee-eater.

European bison /jʊɹəˌpiːən ˈbaɪsn̩/ European bison European bisons n
bison d'Europe
The wisent, species Bison bonasus, Europe's heaviest land animal.

European bitterling European bitterlings n
bouvière
A fish of species Rhodeus amarus, originating in Europe, ranging from the Rhone River basin in France to the Neva River in Russia.

European bullhead European bullheads n
chabot commun
A European species in the Cottidae family, Cottus gobio.

European corn borer European corn borers n
pyrale du maïs
Ostrinia nubilalis, a crambid moth native to Europe, known as an agricultural pest.

European cornel European cornels n
cornier cornouiller mâle cornouiller sauvage fuselier
A dogwood tree of the species Cornus mas, native from France to Azerbaijan.

European eel European eels n
anguille commune anguille d'Europe
A snake-like fish, reaching between 60 cm and 1.5 m in length, Anguilla anguilla.

European garden spider European garden spiders n
épeire diadème
A common arachnid (Araneus diadematus).

European goldfinch European goldfinches n
chardonneret élégant
A bird of the species Carduelis carduelis, native to Europe, North Africa and western Asia.

European greenfinch European greenfinches n
Verdier d'Europe
Chloris chloris, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

European hake European hakes n
merlu commun
A species of sea fish, Merluccius merluccius.

European hare European hares n
lièvre d'Europe
A Eurasian hare species (Lepus europaeus or Lepus capensis).

European hedgehog European hedgehogs n
hérisson commun
Erinaceus europaeus, the hedgehog that inhabits much of Western and Central Europe.

European herring gull European herring gulls n
goéland argenté
A common, large seagull, Larus argentatus, having a white and gray body and a yellow bill with a red spot and found in the coastal areas of Europe.

European holly n
houx houx commun
Ilex aquifolium, a species of holly known for its use during Christmastime

European honey buzzard European honey buzzards n
bondrée apivore
Pernis apivorus, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

European hornet European hornets n
frelon européen
A large species of hornet (Vespa crabro) found across Eurasia and North America.

European larch European larches n
mélèze commun mélèze d'Europe pin de Briançon
A deciduous conifer native to central Europe but also cultivated in England and elsewhere, Larix decidua.

European lobster European lobsters n
homard européen
A species of lobster, Homarus gammarus

European mink European minks n
vison d'Europe
a species of mink, Mustela lutreola, found mostly in Europe, similar in appearance to the American mink.

European mistletoe European mistletoes n
gui blanc
a parasitic evergreen plant (Viscum album) with white berries which grows on oaks, apple and other trees.

European otter European otters n
loutre commune loutre d'Europe loutre européenne
An otter species, Lutra lutra.

European peacock European peacocks n
paon du jour
Colorful butterfly with the taxonomic name Aglais io.

European penduline tit European penduline tits n
rémiz penduline mésange de Pologne mésange penduline mésange rémiz
Remiz pendulinus, a passerine bird of the genus Remiz.

European perch European perch European perches n
perche commune perche européenne perche franche
A freshwater fish of species Perca fluviatilis in the family Percidae, native to northern Eurasia.

European pied flycatcher European pied flycatchers n
gobemouche noir
Ficedula hypoleuca, an Old World flycatcher breeding in Europe and overwintering in Africa

European plaice European plaices n
carrelet plie commune plie d'Europe
A commercially important flatfish of the species Pleuronectes platessa, native to European waters.

European polecat European polecats n
putois
Mustela putorius, related to mink and weasels, native to Europe and parts of Asia, and from which certain of the animals called ferrets have been domesticated.

European pollock European pollock European pollocks n
lieu jaune
Fish of the species Pollachius pollachius, which live in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly off the coast of Norway and the United Kingdom.

European rabbit European rabbits n
lapin commun lapin de garenne
An animal of the species Oryctolagus cuniculus, native to southwestern Europe and northwest Africa, introduced and invasive elsewhere.

European river lamprey European river lampreys n
lamproie de rivière lamproie fluviatile
Any lamprey of species Lampetra fluviatilis, of Europe.

European robin European robins n
rouge-gorge européen rouge-gorge familier
A small passerine Old World bird; Erithacus rubecula.

European roller European rollers n
rollier d'Europe
Coracias garrulus, a European species of roller.

European seabass European seabass n
bar commun bar européen loup de mer perche de mer
A highly appreciated marine food fish found in the coastal waters of eastern Atlantic from Cape Verde to southern Norway and in the Mediterranean, (Dicentrarchus labrax).

European serin European serins n
serin cini
Serinus serinus, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

European shag European shags n
cormoran huppé
Gulosus aristotelis (syn. Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a member of the Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant) family of seabirds.

European smelt European smelts n
éperlan éperlan européen
Any smelt of species Osmerus eperlanus, common in fresh waters of northern Europe.

European squid European squids n
calmar commun encornet supion tautène
Loligo vulgaris (common squid), found in the Mediterranean and the eastern Atlantic.

European stonechat European stonechats n
tarier pâtre traquet pâtre
Saxicola rubicola, an Old World flycatcher

European studies n
Études européennes
(humanities) an academic field of study offered by many colleges and universities that focuses on current developments in European integration

European toad European toads n
crapaud commun
The common European toad, of the species Bufo bufo.

European turtle dove European turtle doves n
tourterelle des bois
A bird of the species Streptopelia turtur.

European water vole European water voles n
campagnol terrestre grand campagnol rat d'eau rat taupier
A species of vole, Arvicola amphibius, formerly Arvicola terrestris.

European white elm European white elm European white elms n
olme blanc olme lisse orme pédonculé
Ulmus laevis, a deciduous tree native to parts of Europe and north-western Asia.

European wildcat European wildcats n
chat forestier chat forestier européen chat sauvage d'Europe chat sauvage européen chat sylvestre
Felis silvestris silvestris, a subspecies of the wildcat.

European windstorm European windstorms n
tempête hivernale européenne

Europeanisation Europeanisations n
européanisation
The process whereby the people and institutions of the countries of the European Union become more European and less national.

Europeanity n
européanité
The quality or characteristic of being European.

Europeanize v
européaniser
To make something, or someone, more European.

Europeanness n
européanité
The quality or characteristic of being European.

Europhilia n
europhilie
The love of Europe, Europeans, or European culture.

Europhone adj
europhone

Europop n
europop
A style of continental European pop music from the 1970s and 1980s characterized by catchy beats, slick songs and frothy lyrics.

Eurosceptic more Eurosceptic most Eurosceptic adj
eurosceptique
(UK form) Of or pertaining to Eurosceptics or Euroscepticism

Eurosceptic Eurosceptics n
eurosceptique
(UK form) One who is sceptical of European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro, etc.
One who is skeptical of increasing the powers of the European Union

Euroscepticism n
euroscepticisme
Opposition to or scepticism of increasing European integration, such as the EEC, the EC, the EP, the EU, the Euro.
Opposition to or scepticism of the increasing powers of the European Union.

Eurovision /ˈjɝ.əˌvɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ /ˈjʊə.ɹə(ˌ)vɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ pn
Eurovision
A European broadcasting system, created by the European Broadcasting Union, that produces the Eurovision Song Contest and related programmes.
The Eurovision Song Contest.

Eurozone pn
zone euro eurozone
Collectively, the European Union member states whose official currency is the euro.

Eurus pn
Euros
(Greek god) The god of the East Wind.

Eurybia pn
Eurybie
(Greek god) A sea goddess in Ancient Greek mythology.

Eurydice /jʊˈɹɪdɪsi/ pn
Eurydice
(Greek mythology) The name of various figures in Greek mythology.

Eurystheus pn
Eurysthée
(Greek mythology) A Mycenaean king of Tiryns (or, according to some authors, of Argos), in Argolis, who imposed the twelve labours on Heracles.

Eusebius /juˈsibi.əs/ pn
Eusèbe
An Ancient Greek en given name

Eustace /ˈjuːˌstɪs/ pn
Eustache
A en given name.

Eustachian tube /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtjuːb/ /ju.ˈsteɪʃən ˈtuːb/ Eustachian tubes n
trompe auditive trompe d’Eustache tube auditif
(anatomy) In humans and other land vertebrates, a tube that links the nasopharynx to the cavity of the middle ear to allow the equalization of the pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

Euterpe /juˈtɝpi/ /juːˈtɜːpi/ pn
Euterpe
(Greek god) The Muse of music and lyric poetry.

Evan /ˈɛ.vən/ pn
Yvan
A en given name, equivalent to English John.

Evangeline pn
Évangéline
A en given name.

Evangelist Evangelists n
évangéliste
(biblical) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), (also evangelist.)

Eve /iːv/ pn
Ève
(Abrahamic religions) The first woman and mother of the human race; Adam's wife.
A en given name.

Evelyn /ˈiːvlɪn/ /ˈɛvəlɪn/ pn
Évelyne
A en given name.
A en given name.

Even /əˈvɛn/ Evens n
Évène
An ethnic Even: a member of an indigenous people living in Siberia and the Russian Far East.

Even /əˈvɛn/ pn
évène
A Tungusic language spoken by the Evens in Siberia and the Russian Far East.

Everett /ˈɛvəɹɪt/ Everetts pn
Évrard
(countable) A en given name transferred back from the surname.

Excalibur /ɛksˈkæ.lɪ.bɚ/ Excaliburs pn
Excalibur
(Arthurian legend, mythology) The legendary sword of King Arthur, having magical properties.

Excellence pn
Excellence
A title of honor or respect; more common in the form Excellency.

Excellency Excellencies n
Excellence
(used with His, Her or Your) A form of address for certain high officials or dignitaries.

Exodus /ˈɛksədəs/ pn
Exode
The departure of the Hebrew slaves from Egypt under the leadership of Moses.
The second of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the second book in the Torah describing the Exodus.

Exton pn
Exton

Extremadura /ˌɛkstɹəməˈdʊəɹə/ pn
Estrémadure Extrémadure
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Extremaduran more Extremaduran most Extremaduran adj
estrémègne
Of or relating to Extremadura or its language.

Extremaduran Extremadurans n
Estrémègne
A native or inhabitant of Extremadura in Spain.

Extremaduran pn
estrémaduran estrémègne
The language of Extremadura.

Eyak /ˈijæk/ pn
eyak
the extinct Na-Dené language of these people, formerly spoken near the mouth of the Copper River in Alaska.

Eynatten pn
Eynatten
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Ezekiel /ɪˈziːkiəl/ pn
Ézéchiel Ézéquiel
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
A prophet mentioned in the Bible and in the Quran.
A en given name of biblical origin. First used by 17th century Puritans; rare today.

Ezra /ˈɛzɹə/ Ezras pn
Esdras
(biblical) The fifteenth book of the Old Testament and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.
A Jewish high priest from the fifth century BC.
A en given name of biblical origin.

F /ɛf/ adj
TB
(philately)
(numismatic slang)

F clef F clefs n
clef de fa
(music) a clef which indicates the position of F below middle C in a given staff

F major n
fa majeur
(music) The major key with the notes F, G, A, B♭, C, D, E, the key signature of which has one flat.
(music) The major chord with a root of F.

F minor n
fa mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭
(music) the minor chord with a root of F

F-sharp minor n
fa dièse mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes F♯, G♯, A, B, C♯, D, E

F2M adj
F2M

FAAMG FAAMGs n
GAFAMs, Gafams
(technology) One or more of the technology companies Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Microsoft and Google.
(economics) The stock of one or more of these technology companies.

FAQ /fæk/ /ˌɛf.eɪˈkjuː/ FAQs n
FAQ
(internet) A list of questions said to be frequently asked, and their answers.

FART FARTs n
FART

FAST phraseologicalUnit
VITE
(medicine, pathology) Acronym of facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time. A mnemonic for diagnosing a or stroke. The mnemonic F-A-S-T also was coined in recognition of the word fast, as a need for speedy diagnosis and treatment.

FASTER phraseologicalUnit
VITE
(medicine, pathology) Acronym of face, arms, stability, talking, eyes, react. A mnemonic for diagnosing a or stroke. The mnemonic F-A-S-T-E-R also was coined in recognition of the word faster, as a need for speedy diagnosis and treatment.

FBI /ˈɛf.biː.aɪ/ pn
FBI
(US) Initialism of Federal Bureau of Investigation.

FC FCs n
CF
Initialism of football club (usually for football (association football))

FDMA n
AMFR FDMA accès multiple par répartition dans les fréquences
Initialism of frequency division multiple access.

FET FETs n
FET
(electronics) Initialism of field effect transistor.

FFS n
FFS
Initialism of facial feminization surgery.

FML interjection
VDM
(Internet slang, vulgar) Initialism of fuck my life. (expressing despairing annoyance)

FRG pn
RFA
Initialism of Federal Republic of Germany.

FST FSTs n
STF
Initialism of French subtitles.

FTA FTAs n
ALE
(economics) Initialism of free trade agreement.

FTM adj
FTM

FTMTF FTMTFs n
FtMtF

FUBAR /ˈfuːbɑːɹ/ adj
HS foutu
(slang) Fucked up (or, bowdlerized, fouled up) beyond all recognition (or beyond all repair, or beyond all reason, or beyond any recovery).

FV FVs n
B/P
(maritime, nautical, fishing) Initialism of fishing vessel. (also a ship prefix)

Fabergé egg Fabergé eggs n
œuf de Fabergé
One of the thousands of decorated Easter eggs made by the House of Fabergé from 1885 to 1917, especially one of the 69 large jeweled pieces made for Russian imperial family and a few other customers.

Fabian /ˈfeɪbi.ən/ pn
Fabien
(rare) A en given name.

Facebook /ˈfeɪs.bʊk/ pn
Facebook Fessebouc
(trademark) A social-networking website where users can find acquaintances or "friends", exchange messages, and post updates.

Fahrenheit /ˈfæɹənhaɪt/ /ˈfɑːɹənhaɪt/ /ˈfɛəɹənhaɪt/ adj
Fahrenheit
Describing a temperature scale originally defined as having 0°F as the lowest temperature obtainable with a mixture of ice and salt, and 96°F as the temperature of the human body, and now defined with 32°F equal to 0°C, and each degree Fahrenheit equal to 5/9 of a degree Celsius or 5/9 kelvin.

Faliscan /fəˈlɪskən/ pn
falisque
The language of these people, related to Latin.

Falkland Islands /ˈfɒlklənd ˌaɪləndz/ /ˈfɔːklənd ˌaɪləndz/ /ˈfɔːlklənd ˌaɪləndz/ pn
îles Falkland îles Malouines
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Falkland Islands wolf Falkland Islands wolves n
Loup des Falkland Loup des Malouines Renard des Falkland Renard des Malouines Warrah loup antarctique
A warrah, an extinct canid of species †Dusicyon australis.

Fallopian tube Fallopian tubes n
trompe de Fallope oviducte
(anatomy) Either of the two ducts in female mammals through which ova pass from the ovaries to the uterus.

Famagusta /ˌfæməˈɡʊstə/ /ˌfɑːməˈɡuːstə/ pn
Famagouste
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Famennian pn
Famennien

Fanny /ˈfæni/ pn
Fanny
A diminutive of Frances, also used as a female given name.

Fanonian more Fanonian most Fanonian adj
fanonien
Of or relating to Frantz Fanon, French-Martiniquais psychologist and philosopher.

Far East pn
Extrême-Orient
(dated) East Asia (Korea, Japan, China, the Russian Far East, etc.), and Southeast Asia, taken as a whole.

Faroe Islands /ˈfɛəɹəʊ ˌaɪləndz/ pn
îles Féroé îles Faeroe
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Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ adj
féroïen
Of or pertaining to the Faroe Islands, Faroese people or Faroese language.

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ Faroese n
Féroïenne Féringien Féringienne Féroïen
(countable) A person from the Faroe Islands, Faroe Islander or Faeroe Islander

Faroese /fæɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛ(ə)ɹoʊˈiz/ /ˌfɛəɹəʊˈiːz/ pn
féroïen féringien
(uncountable) The language of the Faroe Islands, closely related to Icelandic, and more distantly to Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish

Faroish /ˈfɛəɹəʊɪʃ/ adj
féroïen
Of or pertaining to the Faroe Islands, Faroish people or the Faroish language; Faroese.

Fat Thursday Fat Thursdays n
jeudi gras

Fata Morgana /ˌfɑtə mɔɹˈɡɑnə/ /ˌfɑːtə mɔːˈɡɑːnə/ Fata Morganas n
Fata Morgana
A form of mirage caused by a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, especially one seen in the Strait of Messina.

Fatah pn
Fatah
a major Palestinian political party and the largest faction of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

Father Fathers n
Père
(Christianity) One of the chief ecclesiastical authorities of the first centuries after Christ.

Father pn
Père
(Wicca) One of the triune gods of the Horned God in Wicca, representing a man, younger than the elderly Sage and older than the boyish Master.

Father Time pn
père Temps
A personification of time as an old man, usually carrying an hourglass.

Father's Day Father's Days n
fête des Pères
A holiday in celebration of fatherhood, or to honor fathers, celebrated on the third Sunday of June in most of the world's countries. See Wikipedia:Father's Day:Dates.

Fatimid Fatimids n
fatimide
(historical) A member of a Muslim dynasty in North Africa and Egypt (approx. CE 900-1200).

Fauch Fauches Fauchs pn
Fauch

Faunus pn
Faunus
(Roman god) Horned god of the forest, plains and fields; Greek counterpart: Pan.

Faustian bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈfaʊstiən ˈbɑːɹɡən/ /ˈfaʊstɪən ˈbɑːɡən/ Faustian bargains n
pacte avec le diable pacte faustien
(idiomatic) An agreement in which a person abandons his or her spiritual values or moral principles in order to obtain knowledge, wealth or other benefits.

Favreau Favreaus pn
Favreau

Feb. pn
févr.
abbreviation of February

February /j/ /ɹi/ /ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.juˌɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹuˌɛɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹə.ɹi/ /ˈfɛb.ɹʊ.ə.ɹi/ Februaries Februarys pn
février
The short month following January and preceding March in the Roman, Julian, and Gregorian calendars, used in all three calendars for intercalation or addition of leap days.

Federal Constitutional Court Federal Constitutional Courts pn
tribunal constitutionnel fédéral
The supreme constitutional court of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Federal District pn
District fédéral
An administrative division of Brazil; located in the Center West Region of Brazil and containing the country's capital Brasilia

Federal Republic of Germany pn
République fédérale d'Allemagne République fédérale d’Allemagne
(1949–1990) The official name of West Germany.
(1990–today) The official name of reunified Germany.

Federal Republic of Nigeria pn
République fédérale du Nigeria
The official name of Nigeria.

Federated States of Micronesia /ˈfɛdəˌɹeɪtɪd ˈsteɪts əv ˌmaɪkɹəˈniːʒə/ pn
États fédérés de Micronésie Micronésie
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Federative Republic of Brazil pn
République fédérale du Brésil république fédérative du Brésil
The official name of Brazil.

Federweisser n
vin bourru
Partially fermented grape must.

Fehmarn Belt pn
Fehmarn Belt
A strait in the Baltic Sea between the German island of Fehmarn and the Danish island of Lolland, connecting the Bay of Kiel and the Bay of Mecklenburg.

Felicia /fəˈliʃə/ pn
Félicie
A en given name, feminine form of Felix.

Felicity pn
Félicité
A en given name.

Felix /ˈfiːlɪks/ pn
Félix
A en given name.
A generic name given to a cat.

Fennicize v
finniciser
(transitive) To make Finnish.

Fennoscandia pn
Fennoscandie
(geology) the Fennoscandian Shield underlying Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Northern Denmark; Baltic Shield.

Feodosia pn
Théodosie Feodossia Féodosie
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Ferdinand /ˈfɜːdɪnænd/ /ˈfɝdn̩.ænd/ /ˈfɝdən-/ pn
Fernand
A en given name, best known for a 13th century king of Spain, but seldom popular in English.

Ferguson /ˈfɜːɡəsən/ /ˈfɝɡəsən/ Fergusons pn
Ferguson
(countable) A surname transferred from the given name originating in Scotland from Clan Fergusson and now widespread in the English-speaking world.

Fermanagh /fəɹˈmænə/ pn
Fermanagh
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Fermat's Last Theorem pn
dernier théorème de Fermat
(number theory) The theorem that the Diophantine equation a^n + b^n = c^n has no solutions for positive integers a, b, c, n, where n > 2.

Fermat's little theorem pn
petit théorème de Fermat
(number theory) The theorem that, for any prime number p and integer a, a^p - a is an integer multiple of p.

Fermat's principle pn
principe de Fermat
(physics, optics) The principle, which links geometrical optics (or "ray optics") with wave optics, that the path traversed by a ray between two given points is: (in the original "strong" formulation) the one that takes the least time, or (in a weaker but more general formulation) one that takes a time that is "stationary" with respect to variations of the path (so that, loosely speaking, a small change in the ray path entails a very small change in the traversal time).

Ferrara pn
Ferrare
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City, archbishopric and capital of Ferrara.

Ferris wheel /ˈfɛɹɪs wil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs wiːl/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍil/ /ˈfɛɹɪs ʍiːl/ Ferris wheels n
grande roue
An amusement ride, consisting of an upright rotating wheel having seats that remain in a horizontal position as the wheel revolves.

Fertile Crescent /ˈfɜːtaɪl ˈkɹɛsənt/ /ˈfɝːtəl ˈkɹɛsənt/ pn
Croissant fertile
(historical) A crescent-shaped strip of fertile land stretching from present-day Iraq through eastern Turkey and down the Syrian and Israeli coasts.

Feynman diagram /ˈfaɪnmən ˈdaɪəɡɹæm/ Feynman diagrams n
diagramme de Feynman
(physics) A pictorial representation of the interactions of subatomic particles, showing their paths in space and time as lines, and their interactions as points where lines meet.

Fez /fɛz/ pn
Fès Fez
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Fibonacci number Fibonacci numbers n
nombre de Fibonacci
(mathematics) Any number in a Fibonacci sequence (being the sum of the preceding two numbers)

Fibonacci sequence Fibonacci sequences n
suite de Fibonacci
(mathematics) The sequence of integers, each of which is the sum of the preceding two, the first and second numbers both being 1.

Fido /ˈfaɪ.dəʊ/ pn
Médor Rex
A representative given name for a dog.

Fifth Republic pn
Cinquième République
Ellipsis of w:French Fifth Republic (“political regime of France since 1958”).

Figueres pn
Figuières
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Fiji /fiːˈdʒiː/ /ˈfi.d͡ʒi/ /ˈfiː.dʒiː/ pn
Fidji
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Fijian /fiːˈd͡ʒiːən/ /fɪˈd͡ʒiːən/ Fijians n
Fidjien Fidjienne
A person from Fiji or of Fijian descent.

Filatiev Filatievs pn
Filatiev
A surname from Russian.

Filipino /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ adj
philippin
Of or pertaining to the Philippines or its people, language, and culture.
Of or pertaining to Tagalog, the basis of the national language of the Philippines.

Filipino /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ Filipinos n
Philippin Philippine
A citizen or local inhabitant of the Philippines and those descending from such, especially a male.

Filipino /fɪlɪˈpinoʊ/ /piliˈpino/ pn
filipino
(uncountable) The national language of the Philippines, based on Tagalog.

Filles du Roy pn
Filles du Roi
A non-religious program composed of orphaned girls of France shipped to New France to populate French North America with Frenchmen, by providing wives to the bachelor colonial French traders.

Fillon pn
Fillon
A surname from French.

Finistère /ˌfɪnɪsˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Finistère
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Finland /ˈfɪn.lənd/ Finlands pn
Finlande
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Finlandization n
finlandisation
(politics) The process by which a smaller or less powerful sovereign state comes to abide by a more powerful neighbor's foreign policy rules, while retaining its independence.

Finn /ˈfɪn/ Finns n
Finlandais Finlandaise
A national of Finland.
Finnois Finnoise
A member of another Finnic nationality, such as (more narrowly) a Baltic Finn such as a Karelian or Estonian, or (more broadly) a Volga Finn or Perm Finn.

Finnic adj
fennique
(dated) Of the hypothetical Finno-Volgaic subgrouping of the Uralic languages that includes the Baltic-Finnic, Sami, Mordvinic and Mari languages.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ adj
finlandais finnois
Of or pertaining to Finland; Finlandic, Finlandish.
finnois finnoise
Of or pertaining to the Finnish language.

Finnish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ n
finnois finlandais
The Finno-Ugric language spoken by the majority of the people living in Finland, one of the two official languages of the country (the other is Swedish).

Finnmark /fɪn.mɑɹk/ /fɪn.mɑːk/ pn
Finnmark
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Finno-Ugric adj
finno-ougrien
Of or relating to Finno-Ugric languages.

Finno-Ugric pn
langues [[finno-ougrien]]nes
A group of languages that, together with Samoyedic, make up the Uralic family; they are spoken in a broad swathe from Siberia to Norway.

Fiona /fiˈoʊnə/ /fiːˈəʊnə/ pn
Fiona
A en given name, in regular use since the 20th century, first in Scotland, then in England.

Fiordland penguin Fiordland penguins n
gorfou du Fiordland
A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes pachyrhynchus, with distinctive blue-grey upperparts, which breed on the Fiordland coast and on nearby islands.

First Lady First Ladies n
première dame
The wife of the chief executive of a nation; especially the wife of the President of a country; or a woman (e.g. a relative) who takes on similar public duties, as when the chief executive is unmarried.

First Vision pn
Première Vision
(Mormonism) The appearance of God the Father and Jesus Christ to the fourteen-year-old Joseph Smith, Jr. in a wooded area (now called the Sacred Grove) near Palmyra, New York in the early spring of 1820.

First World pn
premier monde
(historical, politics) Those countries aligned with the West during the Cold War, particularly in contrast to those aligned with the East (Second World).
pays développés
(informal) Wealthy, developed nations, contrasted with the Third World.

Fischer-Tropsch process pn
procédé Fischer-Tropsch
(organic chemistry) The synthesis of hydrocarbons by the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide.

Fisher /ˈfɪʃɚ/ Fishers pn
Pecheur
(countable) An English surname originating as an occupation for a fisherman.

Fittipaldi Fittipaldis pn
Fittipaldi

Five Nations pn
Cinq Nations Cinq-Nations
(North America) Ellipsis of Iroquois Confederacy of Five Nations. (the original the Iroquois Confederacy; the Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca)

Flanderization /-ˌɹaɪ-/ /ˌflændəɹəˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌflændɚɹəˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Flanderizations n
Flanderisation
(uncountable) The progressive exaggeration of a single trait or set of traits of a fictional character until it overtakes all other characterization [from c. 2006]

Flanders /ˈflæn.dɚz/ /ˈflɑːn.dəz/ Flanderses pn
Flandre
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Flandre Flandres Flandre française
The principal railway station in Lille, capital of the above.

Flash pn
Flash
(DC Comics) Any of various DC Comics superheroes who have the power of superspeed, derived from an energy called the Speed Force.

Flaubert pn
Flaubert
A surname from French.

Flaubertian /floʊˈbɝti.ən/ /fləʊˈbɜːtɪən/ more Flaubertian most Flaubertian adj
flaubertien flaubertin
Of or relating to Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880), influential French novelist in the style of literary realism.

Fleming /ˈflɛmɪŋ/ Flemings n
Flamand Flamande
A native or inhabitant of Flanders in Belgium.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ more Flemish most Flemish adj
flamand
Of or relating to Flanders, either as the historical county of Flanders (the current provinces of West Flanders and East Flanders in Belgium, Zeelandic Flanders in the Netherlands and French Flanders); or as the Dutch-speaking region of Belgium.

Flemish /ˈflɛmɪʃ/ pn
flamand
Standard Dutch as it is spoken in Flanders.

Flemish Brabant pn
Brabant flamand
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Flemish Community pn
Communauté flamande
One of the three communities of Belgium, consisting of the Flemish Region (the provinces of West Flanders, East Flanders, Flemish Brabant, Antwerp, Limburg) and partially the Brussels-Capital Region.

Flemish bond Flemish bonds n
appareil anglais appareil hollandais appareil à l'anglaise
(masonry) In bricklaying, an arrangement of bricks such that each course consists of alternate bricks having their short sides (headers) and long sides (stretchers) facing outwards, with alternate courses being offset.

Fleury Fleurys pn
Fleury

Flevoland pn
Flevoland
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Floch Floches Flochs pn
Floc'h

Floian pn
Floien

Flood pn
déluge déluge universel
(biblical) The flood referred to in the Book of Genesis in the Hebrew Bible.

Flora /ˈflɔːɹə/ pn
Flore
(Roman god) the goddess of flowers, nature and spring; she is also the wife of Favonius and the mother of Karpos. She is the Roman counterpart of Chloris.
Flora Flore
A en given name.

Florence /ˈflɑɹɪns/ /ˈflɒɹəns/ /ˈflɔɹəns/ pn
Florence
A en given name.
(obsolete) A en given name
(historical) a medieval and early modern republic centered on the city of Florence in Italy that existed from 1115 to 1185 and from 1197 to 1569 when the Grand Duchy of Tuscany was formed.

Florentine /ˈflɒɹəntaɪn/ /ˈflɔɹəntin/ more Florentine most Florentine adj
florentin
Of or relating to the Italian city of Florence.

Florentine /ˈflɒɹəntaɪn/ /ˈflɔɹəntin/ Florentines n
Florentin Florentine
A native or resident of the Italian city of Florence.
florentin
(culinary) Alternative form of florentine (“biscuit”)

Florida /ˈfloɹ.də/ /ˈfloɹ.ə.də/ /ˈfloɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɑɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɒɹ.ə.də/ /ˈflɒɹ.ɪ.də/ /ˈflɔ.ɹə.də/ /ˈflɔ.ɹɪ.də/ pn
Floride
Several places in South and Central America:

Florida panther /ˈflɑɹ.ɪ.də ˈpæn.θɚ/ /ˈflɒɹ.ə.də ˈpæn.θə/ /ˈflɒɹ.ɪ.də ˈpæn.θə/ /ˈflɔɹ.də ˈpæn.θɚ/ /ˈflɔɹ.ə.də ˈpæn.θɚ/ /ˈflɔɹ.ɪ.də ˈpæn.θɚ/ Florida panthers n
panthère de Floride
Puma concolor cougar, an endangered cougar that lives in forests and swamps of southern Florida in the United States.

Floridian /flɔˈɹɪdi.ən/ Floridians n
Floridien Floridienne
A native or resident of the state of Florida in the United States of America.

Floréal /ˈflɔːɹɪ.əl/ /ˌflɔɹeɪˈɑl/ Floréals pn
floréal
(historical) The eighth month of the French Republican Calendar, from April 20 or 21 to May 19 or 20.

Flowery Kingdom pn
Empire des Fleurs Terre des Fleurs
(dated, or, historical) Synonym of China

Flying Dutchman /ˌflaɪ.ɪŋ ˈdʌtʃ.mən/ pn
Hollandais volant
(nautical, _, folklore) A mythical Dutch-flagged ghost clipper that is very fast sailing, and never makes it to port, seen on the high seas, where upon being hailed, occupants request information on persons long dead, or leave messages for said people. In European naval folklore, it was considered to portend bad luck.

Flying Spaghetti Monster pn
Monstre en Spaghettis volant
(humorous) A deity consisting of spaghetti and meatballs, the creator of the universe according to the religion of Pastafarianism.

Foch Foches Fochs pn
Foch

Foggia pn
Foggia
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Foix pn
Foix
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Fomalhaut pn
Fomalhaut
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Piscis Austrinus and one of the brightest stars in the night sky; Alpha (α) Piscis Austrini.

Fontaine pn
Fontaine

Forbidden City pn
Cité interdite
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Fordism n
fordisme
An economic and social system based on industrial mass production, where the worker is paid relatively high wages in order to buy in large quantity the products turned out in mass production.

Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office pn
bureau des Affaires étrangères et du Commonwealth

Forli pn
Forli
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Formosa /fɔɹˈmoʊ.sə/ /fɔɹˈmoʊ.zə/ /fɔːˈməʊ.sə/ pn
Formose
The island of Taiwan.

Formosan adj
formosan
Of or relating to Formosa or people of Formosa.

Formula One pn
Formule 1
The highest class of motor racing sanctioned by the FIA.

Fornax pn
Fourneau
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a furnace. It lies near the constellation Eridanus.

Forro pn
forro
A creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe.

Forster's tern Forster's terns n
Sterne de Forster
Sterna forsteri, is a seabird of the family Laridae.

Fort-de-France /ˌfɔː də ˈfɹɑːns/ /ˌfɔː də ˈfɹɒ̃s/ /ˌfɔː(ɹ)t də ˈfɹæns/ pn
Fort-de-France
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Fortin Fortins pn
Fortin

Fortran /ˈfɔːrtræn/ /ˈfɔːˌtran/ pn
fortran
(computer language) A high-level programming language first developed in the 1950s for scientific, engineering, and numerical computation.

Fortuna pn
Fortuna
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of luck, fortune and fate, equivalent to the Greek goddess Tyche.

Fortunian pn
Fortunien

Foucault's pendulum Foucault's pendulums n
pendule de Foucault
A pendulum on a long wire, free to move in any direction; the plane of its motion appears to turn (clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) as the world turns beneath it.

Fouesnant pn
Fouesnant
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Fougères pn
Fougères
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Fouka pn
Fouka
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Fountain of Youth pn
fontaine de jouvence
(mythology) A legendary spring of water with the magical property of restoring youth and health to those who bathe or drink from it.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse pn
Quatre Cavaliers de l'Apocalypse
(biblical) Four beings in Revelation 6:1–8 that bring about the Apocalypse, each embodied as a horseman riding a different-colored horse that represents a different aspect of the Apocalypse.

Fourier series Fourier series n
série de Fourier
(mathematics, analysis) Any series resulting from the decomposition of a periodic function into terms involving cosines and sines (or, equivalently, complex exponentials).

Fourier transform Fourier transforms n
transformation de Fourier
(analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.

Fourierism n
fouriérisme
The cooperative socialistic system of Charles Fourier, a Frenchman, who recommended the reorganization of society into small communities, living in common.

Fourierist adj
fouriériste
Relating to Fourierism.

Fourierist Fourierists n
fouriériste
A supporter of Fourierism.

Fourth Reich pn
Quatrième Reich
Hypothetical resurrection of Nazi Germany (Third Reich).

Fourth World pn
Quatrième Monde Quatrième Univers quart-monde
(Hopi religion) Synonym of Túwaquachi

Fox Foxes Foxs pn
Renard
A surname transferred from the common noun derived from the name of the animal.

Fr. n
P.
, a title given to priests.

Framlingham /ˈfɹæmlɪŋəm/ pn
Framlingham

Francazal pn
Francazal
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France /fɹæns/ /fɹɑːns/ Frances pn
France
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A surname from French, famously held by—
Anatole France, a French poet, journalist, and novelist.
A en given name; .

Frances /ˈfɹænsɪz/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪz/ pn
Françoise
A en given name, feminine form of Francis.

Franche-Comté pn
Franche-Comté
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; since 2015, part of the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté.

Francia /ˈfɹænsiə/ /ˈfɹænsɪə/ pn
Francie
(historical) A former kingdom inhabited by the Franks, spreading over modern-day France (except Brittany and Corsica), the Low Countries, large parts of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Northern Italy.

Francis /ˈfɹænsɪs/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪs/ pn
François Francis
A en given name
(rare) A en given name, .

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ adj
franciscain
Of or related to St Francis of Assisi.
(Catholicism) Of or related to the Franciscans.

Franciscan /fɹænˈsɪskən/ Franciscans n
franciscain
(Catholicism) A member of the Order of the Friars Minor.

Francitan pn
francitan

Franco- /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯/ prefix
franco-
Relating to France or the French people, language, or culture.

Franco-Ontarian adj
franco-ontarien franco-ontarienne
Of or pertaining to Franco-Ontarians.

Franco-Ontarian Franco-Ontarians n
Franco-Ontarien Franco-Ontarienne
A Francophone Canadian who resides in the province of Ontario.

Franco-Provençal pn
arpitan francoprovençal
A Romance language spoken in east-central France, western Switzerland, and northwestern Italy.

Francoism pn
franquisme
(historical) The period of history in Spain under the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, from 1936/1939 to 1975.

Francoist Francoists n
franquiste

Franconia /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.njə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.njə/ pn
Franconie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Franconian /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ adj
franconien
Of or relating to Franconia or its inhabitants.

Franconian /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ Franconians n
Franconien
A native or inhabitant of Franconia.

Franconian /fɹæŋˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /fɹæŋˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ pn
franconien

Francophile /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯ˌfaɪ̯l/ /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.kəˌfaɪ̯l/ more Francophile most Francophile adj
francophile
Loving France, the French people, or French culture.

Francophile /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.koʊ̯ˌfaɪ̯l/ /ˈ fɹeɪ̯ŋ.kəˌfaɪ̯l/ Francophiles n
francophile
One who loves France, the French people, or French culture.

Francophilia n
francophilie
The love or admiration of France, the French, or French culture.

Francophobe /ˈfɹæŋkəfoʊb/ Francophobes n
francophobe
One who dislikes France, the French, or French culture.

Francophobia /ˈfɹæŋ.kəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ n
francophobie
The hatred or fear of the presence of the French language and its native speakers.

Francophone /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/ adj
francophone
French-speaking.

Francophone /ˈfɹæŋkɒfəʊn/ Francophones n
francophone
A person who speaks French, especially as their mother tongue.

Franglais /ˈfɹɒŋɡleɪ/ /ˌfɹɑŋˈɡleɪ/ /ˌfɹɑːŋˈɡleɪ/ pn
franglais
(often, derogatory) French terms or expressions recently borrowed from the English language.
(often, derogatory) The poor French spoken by anglophones.

Frank /fɹæŋk/ Franks n
Franc Franque
One of the Franks, a Germanic federation that inhabited parts of what are now France, the Low Countries and Germany.

Frank /fɹæŋk/ pn
Franck Frank François
A diminutive of the en given name Francis

Frankenstein's monster Frankenstein's monsters n
monstre de Frankenstein

Frankfurt /ˈfɹæŋkfə(ɹ)t/ pn
Francfort Francfort-sur-le-Main
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Francfort Francfort-sur-l'Oder
Frankfurt an der Oder, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Frankfurt am Main /ˈfɹæŋkfɜː(ɹ)t æm ˈmaɪn/ pn
Francfort-sur-le-Main
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Frankfurt an der Oder pn
Francfort-sur-l'Oder
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Frankish /ˈfɹæŋkɪʃ/ more Frankish most Frankish adj
francique franconien franc
of or pertaining to the Franks
in or of the language of the Franks

Frankish /ˈfɹæŋkɪʃ/ pn
vieux-francique francique
The language of the Franks, an extinct West Germanic language.

Frankism n
frankisme
(religion) An offshoot of Judaism started by the Polish Jewish religious leader Jacob Frank.

Frankist Frankists n
frankiste
A follower of Frankism.

Franklin's gull Franklin's gulls n
mouette de Franklin
A migratory gull that breeds in the Northern Hemisphere and winters in the Southern Hemisphere; Leucophaeus pipixcan.

Franquist more Franquist most Franquist adj
franquiste
Pertaining to, or associated with, the regime and policies of Francisco Franco in Spain (1939–75).

Fransaskois more Fransaskois most Fransaskois adj
franco-saskatchewanais fransaskois
Pertaining to the francophone and French Canadian population of Saskatchewan, Franco-Saskatchewanian.

Fransaskois Fransaskois n
Franco-Saskatchewanais Franco-Saskatchewanaise Fransaskois Fransaskoise
A member of the francophone French Canadian community of Saskatchewan, Franco-Saskatchewanian.

Fransén-Robinson constant pn
constante de Fransén-Robinson
(mathematics) The numeric value of the integral over the positive real numbers of the reciprocal of the gamma function, \textstyle F=\int_0^\infty \frac 1 {\Gamma(x)} dx = 2.8077702420285....

Franz Josef Land pn
terre François-Joseph
An archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia, north of Novaya Zemlya, east of Svalbard.

Fraser Island pn
Île Fraser
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Frasnian pn
Frasnien

Frechette Frechettes pn
Fréchette

Frederica pn
Frédérique
A en given name, feminine form of Frederick. Quite rare in English.

Frederician /ˈfɹɛdəɹɪsi.ən/ /ˈfɹɛdɹɪʃən/ adj
frédéricien
pertaining to Frederick the Great or to the time of his rule

Frederick /ˈfɹɛd(ə)ɹɪk/ pn
Frédéric
A en given name.

Fredericton /ˈfɹɛdɹɪktən/ pn
Fredericton Frédéricton
TemplateParserError:LuaError. [From 1785]

Free China pn
Chine libre
(dated) The Republic of China in Taiwan as opposed to Communist China, i.e. the People's Republic of China, primarily used during the Cold War prior to 1979.

FreeCell pn
FreeCell
A solitaire card game, similar to Klondike but with the addition of cells where one card can be placed at a time.

Freemason Freemasons n
franc-maçon
A member of the Free and Accepted Masons (sometimes entitled Ancient Free and Accepted Masons), an international fraternal and charitable organization.

Freemasonry pn
franc-maçonnerie
The institutions, precepts, and rites of the Freemasons.

Freiburg /fɹaɪ.bɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Fribourg-en-Brisgau
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French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ more French most French adj
français langue française
Of or relating to the people or culture of France.
Of or relating to the French language.

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ French Frenches n
français Français
(chiefly, _, collective, and, in the plural) The people of France; groups of French people.

French /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /fɹɛnʃ/ Frenches pn
français langue française
(chiefly, _, uncountable) The language of France, shared by the neighboring countries Belgium, Monaco, and Switzerland and by former French colonies around the world.

French Academy pn
Académie française
An academy dedicated to the perfection of the French language and standards of usage, founded in the 17th century.

French Bulldog French Bulldogs n
bouledogue français
A small companion breed of dog.

French Canada pn
Canada francophone Canada français
French-speaking parts of Canada.
Canadiens français
French Canadians collectively.

French Canadian French Canadians n
Canadien français Canadienne française
A Canadian whose first language is French.

French Equatorial Africa pn
Afrique Équatoriale Française
(historical) A federation in central Africa, stretching from the Sahara to the Congo River, comprising the following colonised countries (present names as independent republics in parentheses if different): Chad, French Congo (Republic of the Congo), Gabon and Ubangi-Shari (Central African Republic).

French Guiana pn
Guyane française Guyane
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French Guianese adj
guyanais
Of, from, or pertaining to French Guiana or the French Guianese people.

French Guinea pn
Guinée française
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French India pn
Indes Françaises
The administrative whole of the French colonial possessions, all enclaved on the Indian subcontinent (East Indies), comprising Pondicherry (the joint governor's capital), Chandernagor (Chandernagore), Mahé (Mahe), Masulipatam, Yanam (Yanaon) and Karikal

French Indochina pn
Indochine française
A former part of the French colonial empire in Indochina in southeast Asia, consisting of the current territories of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

French Louisiana pn
Louisiane française
(historical) The French vast colony of Louisiana in North America, part of New France, sold to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

French Polynesia /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.ləˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɑ.lɪˈni.ʒə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʃə/ /ˈfɹɛntʃ pɒl.ɪˈniː.ʒə/ pn
Polynésie française
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French Republic pn
République française
(a country).

French Republican Calendar pn
calendrier républicain calendrier révolutionnaire français
The republican calendar used for twelve years in revolutionary France (from late 1793 to 1805).

French Revolution pn
Révolution française
A period in France of radical social and political upheaval which saw the country change from a monarchy to a republic (1789–1799).

French Riviera pn
Côte d'Azur
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French Sign Language pn
langage des signes français langue des signes française
A dactylological sign language used in seven different countries, based on Old French Sign Language. ISO 639-3 code: fsl.

French Southern and Antarctic Lands pn
Terres australes et antarctiques françaises
A French overseas territory located mostly in the Indian Ocean.

French Sudan pn
Soudan français

French bean French beans n
haricot vert
haricot bean, kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).

French chalk n
craie de tailleur
A type of steatite, used to mark cloth and as a lubricant in shoes, gloves etc.

French curve French curves n
perroquet pistolet
A drafting template having edges of various curvatures, used for drawing smoothly-curved lines.

French disease n
gale de Naples mal de Naples mal italien
(dated, euphemistic) Syphilis.

French drain French drains n
drain de fondation drain français
A gravel-filled corridor with a perforated pipe running through it that runs against the foundation footings of a building, used to collect ground water and drain it away from the building's interior.

French dressing French dressings n
vinaigrette
A mixture of vinegar, oil and other herbs or flavourings (vinaigrette).
vinaigrette française
(US) A salad dressing that is a uniform viscous sauce with a tangy sweet flavor. It is generally made from vegetable oil, vinegar, ketchup (or tomato puree), water, paprika, other spices, and sweeteners. [From the 1950s]
vinaigrette française vinaigrette à la française
(Canada) A salad dressing that is a uniform viscous sauce with a tangy sweet flavour. It is generally made from vegetable oil, vinegar, mustard, honey, water, and spices.

French drop French drops n
tourniquet
(magic) A sleight of hand technique by which a magician appears to pass an object from one hand to the other while in fact keeping it in the original hand.

French franc French francs n
franc français

French honeysuckle French honeysuckles n
sainfoin
A perennial herb, Hedysarum coronarium, native to Northern Africa and Spain.

French horn French horns n
cor d'harmonie
A coiled brass musical instrument, derived from the French hunting horn, which has rotary valves.

French kiss /frɛntʃˈkɪs/ /frɛnʃˈkɪs/ French kisses n
baiser florentin patin baiser colombin baiser profond baiser amoureux baiser lingual
The act or an instance of kissing that involves the use of one's tongue.

French kiss /frɛntʃˈkɪs/ /frɛnʃˈkɪs/ v
frencher galocher rouler un patin rouler une galoche rouler une pelle
(ambitransitive) To give a French kiss, in its various senses.

French knickers n
culotte flottante culotte-short shorty
(UK) A type of full-fitting women's underwear.

French leave n
filer à l'anglaise
A departure taken suddenly, without announcement, and/or without permission. [from 1770s]

French maid /fɹɛnt͡ʃ meɪd/ French maids n
soubrette
A lady's maidservant of French origin, formerly considered a status symbol among wealthy households; now usually with reference to the titillating costume associated with them.

French onion soup French onion soups n
soupe à l'oignon
(culinary) A soup made with onions and beef broth or beef stock, traditionally served with croutons and cheese as toppings.

French paradox pn
paradoxe français
The observation that the French suffer a relatively low incidence of coronary heart disease, despite having a diet relatively rich in saturated fats.

French polish French polishes n
vernis à l'alcool
A type of varnish, consisting of shellac dissolved in methylated spirits, used to polish wood.

French toast /ˌfɹɛnt͡ʃ ˈtoʊst/ /ˌfɹɛnt͡ʃ ˈtəʊst/ French toasts n
pain doré pain perdu
(culinary) Food prepared by dipping bread into egg batter and frying.

French window French windows n
porte-fenêtre porte française
(architecture) An outside door with glass panes, serving as a window and a door

French-Canadian more French-Canadian most French-Canadian adj
Canadien francophone Canadien-français
Of or relating to Francophone Canadians or French Canada.

Frenchification Frenchifications n
francisation
The act or process of making French or more French-like, especially in informal contexts.

Frenchified /ˈfɹɛnt͡ʃɪˌfaɪd/ more Frenchified most Frenchified adj
francisé
Made French or more French-like.

Frenchly /ˈfɹɛn(t)ʃli/ more Frenchly most Frenchly adv
françaisement
In the manner of the French or their language. [from 16th c.]

Frenchman Frenchmen n
Français
A man of French birth or nationality.

Frenchness /ˈfɹɛnt͡ʃnəs/ n
francité
The quality or characteristic of being French.

Frenchwoman Frenchwomen n
Française
A French woman; a woman of French ancestry, descent or citizenship.

Freudian /ˈfɹɔɪ.di.ən/ more Freudian most Freudian adj
freudien
Relating to or influenced by the Austrian neurologist Sigmund Freud (1856-1939).

Freudian slip /ˌfɹɔɪdi.ən ˈslɪp/ /ˌfɹɔɪdɪ.ən ˈslɪp/ Freudian slips n
acte manqué lapsus révélateur
(psychology) A mistake in speech or action in which a person supposedly shows their true subconscious desires.

Freudianism Freudianisms n
freudisme
(psychology, psychoanalysis) Freudian beliefs and practices, particularly the mechanism of psychological repression, the centrality of sexual desire to the development of the persona, and the efficacy of the "talking cure" or psychoanalytic technique.

Fri Fris n
ven.
abbreviation of Friday

Fribourg pn
Fribourg
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Friday /-di/ /-ˌdi/ /ˈfɹaɪdeɪ/ /ˈfɹaɪˌdeɪ/ Fridays n
vendredi
The sixth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fifth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; the Muslim Sabbath; it follows Thursday and precedes Saturday.

Friesland /fɹiːzlænd/ /ˈfɹiːzlənd/ pn
Frise
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Frigg /fɹɪɡ/ pn
Frigg
(Germanic mythology, Norse mythology) The wife of Odin, and the Norse/Germanic goddess of married love, the heavens, home and hearth, after whom Friday is named (due to her being identified with Venus).

Frimaire /fɹiˈmɛəɹ/ /fɹɪˈmɛː/ Frimaires pn
frimaire
(historical) The third month of the French Republican Calendar, from November 21, 22 or 23 to December 20, 21 or 22.

Frisbee /ˈfɹɪzbi/ Frisbees n
frisbee
A disk-shaped gliding toy, sold under the brand name Frisbee.

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ more Frisian most Frisian adj
frison frisonne
Of, in or relating to the Frisian language or a Frisian language.
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Frisia; to people of Frisian descent.
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of the Dutch province of Friesland.

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ Frisians n
Frison Frisonne
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is native to the region of Frisia (which is in the Netherlands, northern Germany, and southern Denmark).

Frisian /ˈfɹiː.ʒən/ /ˈfɹɪz.i.ən/ /ˈfɹɪʒ.ən/ pn
frison
(specifically) The West Frisian (or Western Frisian) lect, spoken in the northern Netherlands.
A Germanic language group or language (see Usage notes), or a lect thereof, which descended from Old Frisian, with speakers in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

Frisian Islands pn
îles de la Frise îles frisonnes
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Fritz /fɹɪts/ Fritzes n
Boche chleuh fridolin fritz
(UK, offensive, ethnic slur) A German person, usually male.

Friuli pn
Frioul
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Friuli-Venezia Giulia pn
Frioul-Vénétie julienne
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Friulian /fɹiːuːli(ː)ən/ more Friulian most Friulian adj
friulian
Of or relating to Friuli.

Friulian /fɹiːuːli(ː)ən/ pn
frioulan
A language spoken in Friuli.

Frobenius endomorphism Frobenius endomorphisms n
endomorphisme de Frobenius
(algebra, commutative algebra, field theory) Given a commutative ring R with prime characteristic p, the endomorphism that maps x → x p for all x ∈ R.

Frobisher Bay pn
Baie de Frobisher Frobisher Bay
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Fromager pn
Fromager

Frosinone pn
Frosinone
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Fructidor /ˈfɹʊktɪdɔː/ /ˌfɹʊktəˈdɔɹ/ /ˌfɹʏktəˈdɔɹ/ Fructidors pn
fructidor
(historical) The twelfth and final month of the French Republican Calendar, from August 18 or 19 to September 16 or 17.

FtM adj
FtM

Fuchsian adj
fuchsien

Fuegian /fjuˈeɪɡi.ən/ /fjuˈid͡ʒi.ən/ /fjuːˈiːdʒɪ.ən/ /ˈfweɪdʒɪ.ən/ /ˈfweɪd͡ʒi.ən/ /ˈfweɪɡi.ən/ adj
fuégien
Of or pertaining to Tierra del Fuego.

Fuegian /fjuˈeɪɡi.ən/ /fjuˈid͡ʒi.ən/ /fjuːˈiːdʒɪ.ən/ /ˈfweɪdʒɪ.ən/ /ˈfweɪd͡ʒi.ən/ /ˈfweɪɡi.ən/ Fuegians n
Fuégien Fuégienne
A native of Tierra del Fuego.

Fuerteventura pn
Fortaventure Fuerteventura
TemplateParserError:LuaError, capital city Puerto del Rosario

Fula /ˈfuːlə/ Fula Fulas n
Peul Peule
A member of a largely pastoral Muslim people of West Africa.

Fula /ˈfuːlə/ pn
fufuldé peul
A language spoken in West Africa.

Fulk Fulks pn
Foulques
A male given name of historical usage

Funafuti /ˌfuːnəˈfuːti/ pn
Funafuti
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Funen /ˈfjuːnən/ pn
Fionie
The third largest island of Denmark.

Fusha /ˈfʊshə/ pn
arabe littéral arabe standard fous-ha
Modern Standard Arabic and Classical Arabic, taken together: "standard" Arabic, used in religious texts, in writing, and in formal speech, as opposed to the regional "dialects" used for most daily communication.

Fyodor Fyodors pn
Fiodor

Fårö pn
Fårö
A Baltic Sea island just north of the Swedish island of Gotland.

Führer /ˈfjʊə.ɹə/ /ˈfjʊɚ.ɚ/ Führer Führers n
Führer
(historical, Nazism, definite) Adolf Hitler when he was the chancellor of Nazi Germany.
(by extension) A leader, especially one exercising the powers of a tyrant.

G clef G clefs n
clef de sol
(music) A clef indicating the position of one-lined G (g′ or G4) on a staff.

G major n
sol majeur
(music) The major key with the notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F♯, the key signature of which has one sharp.
(music) The major chord with a root of G.

G minor n
sol mineur
(music) a minor key with the notes G, A, B♭, C, D, E♭, F
(music) the minor chord with a root of G

G-d pn
D.ieu
(dated, Christianity) in contexts perceived as blasphemous.

G-spot /ˈdʒiː.spɒt/ G-spots n
point G
A proposed sensitive, erogenous zone on the anterior wall of the vagina.

G-string n
string tanga
A scanty covering for the genitalia, with a thin strip of fabric that passes between the buttocks.

G20 pn
Groupe des Vingt
(politics, economics) A group of finance ministers and central bank governors from 20 economies: 19 countries plus the European Union.

G8 pn
Groupe des huit
The former annual meeting of their leaders (prior to Russia's 2014 expulsion from the group).

GAC pn
AMC
Global Affairs Canada

GB GBs n
Go
(anatomy) Initialism of gallbladder.
(informal, pharmaceutical drug) Initialism of goofball (“barbiturate”).
(crystallography) Initialism of grain boundary.

GDP /ˌd͡ʒiːdiːˈpiː/ GDPs n
PIB
(economics) Initialism of gross domestic product.

GDPR pn
RGPD
(European Union, _, law) Initialism of General Data Protection Regulation: a regulation in EU law on data protection and privacy in the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA).

GDR pn
RDA
(history) Initialism of German Democratic Republic (“East Germany”).

GFY phraseologicalUnit
bon pour toi
(Internet slang) Initialism of good for you (ironically).
va te faire foutre
(Internet slang) Initialism of go fuck yourself.

GMO GMO GMOs n
OGM
Initialism of genetically modified organism.

GNP GNPs n
PNB
(economics) Initialism of gross national product.

GPS GPSes n
GPS
(cartography) Initialism of global positioning system (“satellite navigation system”).

GPU pn
Guépéou
(historical) Initialism of State Political Directorate (Государственное Политическое Управление, Gosudarstvennoye Politicheskoye Upravlenie). (the Russian secret police until 1934)

GRB GRBs n
SGR

GST n
TPS
(taxation) Initialism of goods and services tax. (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, India)

Gabon /ɡəˈbɒn/ pn
Gabon
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Gabonese /ɡæ.bəˈniːz/ Gabonese n
Gabonais Gabonaise
A person from Gabon or of Gabonese descent.

Gaborone /ˌɡæbəˈɹəʊni/ pn
Gaborone
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Gabriel /ˈɡeɪbɹi.əl/ pn
Gabriel
A en given name.
An archangel associated in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, with carrying messages from God.

Gabriela pn
Gabrielle
A en given name, a latinate feminine form of Gabriel.

Gaddafi /ɡəˈdæfi/ /ɡəˈdɑfi/ pn
Kadhafi
A surname from Arabic.

Gaea /d͡ʒiːə/ /ˈɡaɪə/ pn
Gaïa Gê
.

Gaelic football /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˌɡeɪlɪk ˈfʊtbɔːl/ /ˌɡæ-/ [-ˈfʊʔ-] n
football gaelique
An Irish form of football played by two teams of 15 players each, who score by kicking or punching a ball into the opposing team's goal or over a crossbar and between two upright posts above the goal.

Gaelophone Gaelophones n
gaélophone
A speaker of Gaelic.

Gafsa pn
Gafsa
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Gagarin /ɡəˈɡɑːɹɪn/ pn
Gagarine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Гага́рин (Gagárin).

Gagauz /ˌɡæɡɑːˈuːz/ pn
gagaouze
The language of Gagauzia and the Gagauz people.

Gagauzia pn
Gagaouzie
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Gagnon Gagnons pn
Gagnon
(countable) A surname from French.
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Gaia /ˈɡaɪə/ /ˈɡeɪə/ pn
Gaïa
(ecology) The ecosystem of the Earth regarded as a self-regulating superorganism. [from 20th c.]
(Greek mythology) A Greek goddess, the personification of the earth, and one of the primordial deities from whom all the others descend.

Gaillard Gaillards pn
Gaillard

Gajan pn
Gajan
A surname from Occitan.

Galapagos Islands pn
îles Galápagos
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Galatea /ˌɡæləˈtɪə/ pn
Galatée
(Greek mythology) Galatea; a sea-nymph in Ovid's story of Acis and Galatea.

Galatia pn
Galatie
A region of ancient Asia Minor, in what is now central Turkey; a province of ancient Rome.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ more Galatian most Galatian adj
galate galatique
Of or pertaining to Galatia.

Galatian /ɡəˈleɪ.ʃən/ Galatians n
Galate
A person from Galatia.

Galatians /ɡəˈleɪʃənz/ pn
Galates
(biblical) The ninth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to the Galatians.

Galenic adj
galénique

Galicia /ɡəˈlɪ.si.ə/ /ɡəˈlɪ.ʃə/ pn
Galice Galicie
A former Iberian kingdom, now an autonomous region of Spain.
Galicie Galice
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Galician /ɡəˈlɪs.i.ən/ /ɡəˈlɪʃ.ən/ more Galician most Galician adj
galicien
Of or pertaining to the region of Galicia in Iberia.
Of or pertaining to the people of Galicia (in Iberia) or their culture.

Galician /ɡəˈlɪs.i.ən/ /ɡəˈlɪʃ.ən/ Galicians n
Galicien Galicienne
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Galicia, a region of the northwestern Iberian peninsula.
galicien Galicien Galicienne
(uncountable) The language of Galicia; a Romance language spoken in the northwestern corner of the Iberian peninsula.

Galilee pn
Galilée
A mountainous geographic region in northern Israel.

Galileo /ˌɡæl.ɪˈleɪ.oʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈleɪ.əʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈliː.oʊ/ /ˌɡæl.ɪˈlæɪ.əʉ/ pn
Galilée
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642), an Italian thinker and key figure in the scientific revolution who improved the telescope, made astronomical observations, and put forward the basic principle of relativity in physics.

Gallic /ˈɡælɪk/ more Gallic most Gallic adj
gaulois
(historical) Of or related to Gaul or the Gauls.

Gallicanism Gallicanisms n
gallicanisme
(historical, chiefly, Roman Catholicism) The doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; the intellectual movement in support of this doctrine and the policies expressing it.

Gallicism /ˈɡælɪsɪzəm/ Gallicisms n
gallicisme
A loanword borrowed from French.

Gallo Galloes Gallos pn
gallo
A Romance language spoken in north-west France, see Gallo language.

Gallo-Roman more Gallo-Roman most Gallo-Roman adj
gallo-romain
Pertaining to the period of Roman rule in Gaul, 50 BC–486 AD.

Gallo-Roman Gallo-Romans n
Gallo-Romain
(historical) A Romanized Gaul, i.e. a Gaulish person who adopted or adapted the culture, language etc. of the Roman Empire following the establishment of Roman rule in the region of Gaul.

Gallocentric more Gallocentric most Gallocentric adj
gallocentriste
Emphasizing France or the people or culture or national language of France.

Gallomaniac Gallomaniacs n
gallomane
One who has Gallomania; an enthusiast of all things French.

Gallurese pn
gallurais gallurien
A Romance language or dialect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the historical region of Gallura, northeastern Sardinia.

Galois extension Galois extensions n
extension de Galois extension galoisienne
(algebra, Galois theory) An algebraic extension that is both a normal and a separable extension; equivalently, an algebraic extension E/F such that the fixed field of its automorphism group (Galois group) Aut(E/F) is the base field F.

Galois group Galois groups n
groupe de Galois
(algebra, Galois theory) The automorphism group of a Galois extension.

Galois theory /ˈɡælwɑ ˈθi.əɹi/ Galois theories n
théorie de Galois
(algebra, field theory) The branch of mathematics dealing with Galois groups, Galois fields, and polynomial equations. It provides a link between field theory and group theory: it permits certain problems in the former to be reduced to the latter, which in some respects is simpler and better understood.

Galway /ˈɡɔlweɪ/ /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ pn
Galway Comté de Galway
A county in the West of the Republic of Ireland.

Galway Bay pn
baie de Galway
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Galápagos penguin Galápagos penguins n
manchot des Galápagos
A species of penguin, Spheniscus mendiculus, which lives on the Galápagos Islands.

Gambia /ˈɡæm.bi.ə/ pn
Gambie
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Gambian adj
gambien gambienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Gambia or the Gambian people.

Gambian Gambians n
Gambien Gambienne
A person from Gambia or of Gambian descent.

Gamilaraay /ɡəˈmɪlərɔɪ/ pn
Camilaroi
The extinct Pama-Nyungan Australian Aboriginal suffixing language, within the Wiradjuric group, formerly spoken by these people.

Gan pn
gan
One of the major divisions of the Chinese language spoken in Jiangxi province

Ganassi pn
Ganassi

Gandhian more Gandhian most Gandhian adj
gandhien

Gandhism n
gandhisme

Ganesha /ɡəˈne(ɪ)ʃ(ə)/ /ɡəˈneɪʃə/ pn
Ganesh
(Hinduism) A Hindu god of intellect, wisdom, gates, and beginnings, son of Parvati and Shiva.

Gang of Four pn
Bande des quatre
(China, historical, politics) A leftist political faction composed of four Chinese Communist Party officials that came to prominence during the Chinese Cultural Revolution.

Ganges /ˈɡændʒiːz/ /ˈɡænd͡ʒiz/ pn
Gange
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Gangetic adj
gangétique
Of or pertaining to the river Ganges.

Gangwon pn
Gangwon
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Ganymede /ˈɡænɪmiːd/ pn
Ganymède
(Greek god) A Trojan boy who was abducted (either by Zeus or Eos), and ultimately became immortal in order to be Zeus' cupbearer.
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter.

Gard pn
Gard
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Garden of Eden Gardens of Eden pn
jardin d'Éden
(Abrahamic religions) In the Book of Genesis of the Bible and Surat Sad of the Qur'an, a garden at the source of the Gihon, Pishon, Tigris, and Euphrates rivers, where Adam and Eve first lived after being created.

Garibaldian more Garibaldian most Garibaldian adj
garibaldien
Of or relating to Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807–1882), Italian general and nationalist politician.

Garonne pn
Garonne
A river that flows from the Spanish Pyrenees into the Atlantic Ocean.

Garros Garros Garroses pn
Garros

Gascon /ˈɡæskən/ Gascons n
Gascon
A native or inhabitant of Gascony, a region of southwest France. [from 14th c.]
gasconne
A breed of cow from Gascony

Gascon /ˈɡæskən/ pn
gascon

Gascony pn
Gascogne
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Gasly pn
Gasly

Gasmoulos Gasmouloi n
Gasmule

Gatineau pn
Gatineau
Ellipsis of Gatineau River, a river in Quebec, Canada; tributary of the Ottawa river

Gatling gun /ˈɡætlɪŋ ˌɡʌn/ Gatling guns n
gatling
A type of gun, similar to a modern machine gun, with several barrels on a rotating frame.

Gaucher Gauchers pn
Gaucher

Gaudin Gaudins pn
Gaudin

Gaugamela /ˌɡɔɡəˈmilə/ pn
Gaugamèles
(historical) a village in Assyria, where in 331 BC Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ Gauls n
Gaulois Gauloise
A person from Gaul.

Gaul /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ pn
Gaule
(chiefly, historic) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ adj
gaulois
Of or pertaining to Gaul.
Of or pertaining to the Celtic tribes speaking Gaulish languages.

Gaulish /ɡɑlɪʃ/ /ɡɔːlɪʃ/ pn
gaulois
The Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul, long extinct.

Gaullist Gaullists n
gaulliste
One who believes in or follows the ideals of Gaullism.

Gault pn
Gault

Gaussian /ˈɡaʊs.i.ən/ more Gaussian most Gaussian adj
gaussien
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Carl Friedrich Gauss.

Gaussian elimination Gaussian eliminations n
méthode du pivot de Gauss élimination de Gauss-Jordan
(linear algebra) A method of reducing an augmented matrix to row echelon form.

Gavarnie pn
Gavarnie
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Gavin /ˈɡævɪn/ pn
Gauvain
A en given name

Gay Village Gay Villages n
village gai

Gay Village pn
Le Village Gai Village Gai

Gayan pn
Gayan
A surname from Occitan.

Gaza /ˈɡɑːzə/ pn
Gaza
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Gaza Strip /ˌɡɑːzə ˈstɹɪp/ pn
Bande de Gaza bande de Gaza
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Gazan /ˈɡɑːzən/ adj
gazaoui gazéen
Of or from Gaza.

Gazan /ˈɡɑːzən/ Gazans n
Gazaoui Gazaouie Gazaouite Gazéen Gazéenne
A native or inhabitant of Gaza (Gaza City or the Gaza Strip in general).

Gdańsk /ɡəˈdænsk/ /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ pn
Dantzig Gdańsk Dantzick
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Ge'ez /ˈɡiːɛz/ pn
guèze
An Ethiopian language which is extinct but still used liturgically.

Geat /ɡiːt/ Geats n
Geat
(history) A member of a North Germanic tribe formerly occupying what is now Götaland in Sweden.

Gehenna /ɡəˈhɛ.nə/ pn
Géhenne
In rabbinical literature and Christian and Islamic scripture, the place where the souls of the wicked go after death, where they suffer eternal damnation or annihilation.

Geiger counter /ˈɡaɪɡə ˈkaʊntə/ /ˈɡaɪɡɚ ˈkaʊntɚ/ Geiger counters n
compteur Geiger
A device designed to detect radioactivity and measure its intensity.

Gelasian pn
Gélasien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pleistocene epoch.

Gelderland pn
Gueldre
A province of The Netherlands with Arnhem as capital.

Gelendzhik pn
Guelendjik
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Gelibolu pn
Gallipoli

Gembloux pn
Gembloux
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Gemini /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪniː/ Geminis n
Gémeaux
Someone who has the Gemini star sign.

Gemini /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnaɪ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪniː/ pn
Gémeaux
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac traditionally taken to represent the pair of twins Castor and Pollux in Greek mythology. It contains the stars Castor, Pollux, and Alhena.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the twins, ruled by Mercury and covering May 22 – June 21 (tropical astrology) or June 16 – July 15 (sidereal astrology).

General Secretary /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹəl ˈsɛk.ɹəˌtə.ɹi/ General Secretaries n
secrétaire général
Chief officer or leader of a political party or organization, especially in Communist contexts.

General Tso's chicken n
Général Tao poulet Général Tao poulet du Général Tao
A sweet and spicy dish of deep-fried chicken, popular in Chinese restaurants in North America.

Generation X /ˌdʒɛnəɹeɪʃn̩ ˈɛks/ /ˌdʒɛnəˌɹeɪʃən ˈɛks/ pn
génération X
(specifically) The generation of people born after the baby boom that followed World War II, especially those born from the mid 1960s to early 1980s, sometimes characterized as cynical, disaffected, lacking direction in life, and unwilling to take part fully in society.

Generation Y pn
génération Y
The generation of people born between the early 1980s and mid-1990s (with 1996 births cited as the last Millennial year), following Generation X.

Generation Z pn
génération Z
The generation of people born between the late 1990s to early 2010s, following Generation Y. Typically defined as starting with 1997 births and ending at 2012 births.

Genesis /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nə.səs/ pn
Genèse
(religion) The first book in the Hebrew Bible.

Geneva /d͡ʒəˈniːvə/ pn
Genève le canton de Genève
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The largest lake in Switzerland: see Lake Geneva.
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A en given name or confused with Genevieve or Ginevra.
(by ellipsis) The Geneva Convention.

Geneva Convention pn
convention de Genève
(international law) An international treaty which defines the required treatment for prisoners of war by their captors.

Genevan adj
genevois
From, or pertaining to, Geneva.

Genevan Genevans n
Genevois Genevoise
Someone from Geneva.

Genevieve /ˈdʒɛn.ɪˌviːv/ pn
Geneviève
A en given name.

Genghis Khan /ˈdʒɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/ /ˈɡɛŋɡɪs ˈkɑːn/ pn
Gengis Khan
The founder and first ruler (khan) of the Mongol Empire.

Genoa /dʒɛnˈəʊ.ə/ /d͡ʒɛnˈoʊ.ə/ /ˈdʒɛn.əʊ.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.oʊ.ə/ pn
Gênes
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(historical) a maritime republic in northwestern Italy that existed from the 11th century until its disestablishment in 1797 when Napoleon formed the Ligurian Republic, a client state; Genoa briefly regained independence in 1814 before becoming quickly annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1815.

Genoa cake Genoa cakes n
galette génoise
(mostly, UK) A fruitcake consisting of sultanas, currants or raisins, glacé cherries, almonds, and candied orange peel or essence, cooked in a batter of flour, eggs, butter, and sugar.

Genoan more Genoan most Genoan adj
génois
Of or pertaining to Genoa (Genova)

Genoan Genoans n
Génois Génoise
Native or inhabitant of Genoa

Genoese /ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/ adj
génois
Of, from or relating to Genoa.

Genoese /ˌd͡ʒɛnəʊˈiːz/ Genoese n
Génois
An inhabitant or resident of Genoa.

Genseric m pn
Genséric
(rare) A en given name of mainly historical use, borne by a king of the Vandals.

Geocentric Coordinate Time pn
Temps-coordonnée géocentrique
[1983–] A coordinate time standard intended to be used as the independent variable of time for all calculations pertaining to precession, nutation, the Moon, and artificial satellites of the Earth, equivalent to the proper time experienced by a clock at rest in a coordinate frame co-moving with the center of the Earth.

Geoffrey /ˈd͡ʒɛfɹi/ pn
Geoffroy
A en given name. Popular in the U.K. in the 20th century.

George /dʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ Georges pn
Georges Jorioz Jore
A diminutive of the en given names Georgina or Georgia; also used in the conjoined name George Ann(e).

Georgetown /ˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)d͡ʒtaʊn/ pn
Georgetown
Places in the United States of America:

Georgia /ˈd͡ʒɔɹ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔː.d͡ʒə/ pn
Géorgie
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A transitional serif typeface named after the state, designed by Matthew Carter in 1993.

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ adj
géorgien Géorgien
Of, from, or pertaining to the Eastern European country of Georgia, the Georgian people or the Georgian language.

Georgian /ˈd͡ʒoːd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɹd͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔʊ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːd͡ʒən/ Georgians n
Géorgien Géorgienne géorgien
(countable) A person or a descendant of a person from Georgia, a country in Eastern Europe and Western Asia.
géorgien Géorgien Géorgienne
(countable) A native or resident of the state of Georgia in the United States of America.

Geppetto /d͡ʒəˈpɛtoʊ/ pn
Geppetto
The fictional carpenter who created Pinocchio.

Gerald /ˈd͡ʒɛɹəld/ Geralds pn
Gérald
A en given name.

Geraldine pn
Géraldine
A en given name.

Gerard /d͡ʒəˈɹɑɹd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɑːd/ pn
Gérard
A en given name.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germanest more German most German adj
allemand Allemand
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Germany; to people of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ Germans n
Allemand Allemande allemand
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Germany; a person of German citizenship or nationality.
Allemand Allemande Germaine Germain
A member of the Germanic ethnic group which is the most populous ethnic group in Germany; a person of German descent.

German /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ pn
allemand Allemand
(uncountable) An Indo-European (Indo-Germanic) language, primarily spoken in Germany, Austria, Liechtenstein, South Tyrol, Switzerland, Luxembourg, and a small part of Belgium.

German Democratic Republic pn
République démocratique allemande
The official name of East Germany from 1949 until reunification in 1990.

German Empire pn
Empire allemand
(historical) The German state which existed, with Berlin as its capital, between 1871 and 1918.

German Spaniel German Spaniels n
chien d'oysel allemand
A hunting dog of a breed developed in Germany around 1890, having a sturdy build and a brown coat with occasional white markings.

German shepherd German shepherds n
berger allemand berger alsacien berger d'Alsace
A large-sized breed of dog often used as a guard dog or police dog.

German vice n
vice allemande

German wheel German wheels n
roue allemande
(circus arts) An apparatus made up of two large, usually steel rings joined together by a set of parallel steel bars.

Germania pn
Germanie
(historical) Any of several geographical regions of different historical periods that were mainly inhabited by Germanic peoples.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ more Germanic most Germanic adj
germanique
Relating to the Germanic peoples (such as Germans, Scandinavians or Anglo-Saxons).
(linguistics) Relating to the language or group of languages known as Germanic.
Having German characteristics.

Germanic /d͡ʒɜːˈmæn.ɪk/ /d͡ʒɝˈmæn.ɪk/ pn
germanique
(linguistics) The early, undocumented ancestral language from which other Germanic languages developed, such as Afrikaans, Danish, Dutch, Frisian, English, German, Faroese, Icelandic, Yiddish, Norwegian and Swedish.
(linguistics) The group of Indo-European languages that developed from (Ur-)Germanic.

Germanism Germanisms n
germanisme
(countable) A word or idiom of the German language (that has been borrowed by another language).

Germanist Germanists n
germaniste
(humanities, ;, dated) A person who studies the Germanic languages, the associated literatures and/or cultures. [from late 19th c.]

Germanization Germanizations n
germanisation
The act of making something have more German characteristics.

Germanize /ˈdʒɜːmənaɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɝmənaɪz/ v
germaniser
(transitive) To give a German character to (something).
(intransitive) To adopt German customs or culture.

Germanness n
germanité
The quality or characteristic of being German.

Germano- prefix
germano-
Relating to Germany and German culture.

Germanomania n
germanomanie

Germanophobia n
antigermanisme germanophobie
The hatred or fear of Germany and anything German.

Germanophone more Germanophone most Germanophone adj
germanophone
German-speaking.

Germanophone Germanophones n
germanophone
A speaker of the German language.

Germany /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mə.ni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mə.ni/ Germanies Germanys pn
Allemagne
A nation or civilization occupying the country around the Rhine, Elbe, and upper Danube Rivers in Central Europe, taken as a whole under its various governments.

Germinal /ˈdʒɜːmɪnəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɝmənəl/ Germinals pn
germinal
(historical) The seventh month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the vernal equinox (March 21 or 22) and ending on April 19 or 20.

Gers pn
Gers
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Gertrude /ˈɡɝtɹud/ pn
Gertrude
A en given name.

Gervase pn
Gervais
A en given name, common in the Middle Ages but rare today.

Gesamtkunstwerk Gesamtkunstwerks n
œuvre d'art totale spectacle total théâtre total
Total artwork; an artistic creation such as an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.

Gethsemane /ɡɛθˈsɛməni/ pn
Gethsémané
A biblical location in ancient Jerusalem, a garden at the foot of the Mount of Olives where, according to the four Gospels of the New Testament, Jesus underwent the agony in the garden and was arrested the night before his crucifixion.

Ghana /ˈɡænə/ /ˈɡɑnə/ /ˈɡɑːnə/ pn
Ghana
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Ghanaian /ɡɑː.ˈneɪ.ən/ /ˈɡɑ.ni.ən/ adj
ghanéen
Of, from, or pertaining to Ghana or the Ghanaian people.

Ghanaian /ɡɑː.ˈneɪ.ən/ /ˈɡɑ.ni.ən/ Ghanaians n
Ghanéen Ghanéenne
A person from Ghana or of Ghanaian descent.

Ghani Ghanis pn
Ghani

Gheg /ɡɛɡ/ pn
guègue
The Albanian language spoken by this people.

Ghent /ˈɡɛnt/ pn
Gand
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Ghibelline /ˈɡɪbəlaɪn/ /ˈɡɪbəlin/ /ˈɡɪbələn/ /ˈɡɪbɪlaɪn/ Ghibellines n
Gibelin Gibeline gibelin gibeline
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Holy Roman Emperor in a long struggle against the Guelphs and the Pope.

Ghislaine /ɡɪˈleɪn/ /ɡɪˈlɛn/ pn
Ghislaine Ghyslaine
A en given name

Ghost Festival pn
fête des fantômes
A traditional Buddhist and Taoist festival in Asia, when ghosts and spirits are said to emerge from the lower realm, and deceased ancestors are venerated.

Ghost of Christmas Past pn
fantôme des Noëls passés
A fictional ghost in A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, who visits Ebenezer Scrooge in order to show him his past, especially certain events of past Christmases that contributed to his later distaste for Christmas.

Ghoti Ghotis n
ghoti
(India) A Bengali who originates from western Bengal.

Gianluca Gianlucas pn
Jean-Luc

Gibraltar /d͡ʒɪˈbɹɒltə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒɪˈbɹɔːltə(ɹ)/ pn
Gibraltar
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Gibraltarian /dʒɪ.bɹɔːlˈtɛəɹ.i.ən/ more Gibraltarian most Gibraltarian adj
gibraltarien
Of or pertaining to Gibraltar or its people

Gibraltarian /dʒɪ.bɹɔːlˈtɛəɹ.i.ən/ Gibraltarians n
Gibraltarien Gibraltarienne
A native or inhabitant of Gibraltar.

Gibranian more Gibranian most Gibranian adj
gibranien
Of or relating to Kahlil Gibran (1883–1931), Lebanese-American writer, poet, visual artist and Syrian nationalist.

Gideon /ˈɡɪd.i.ən/ pn
Gédéon
A warrior judge of Israel mentioned in the book of Judges.
A en given name, popularized by Puritans.
An English surname originating as a patronymic.
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Gila monster /ˈhilə ˈmɑnstɚ/ /ˈhiːlə ˈmɒnstə(ɹ)/ Gila monsters n
monstre de Gila
A venomous lizard, Heloderma suspectum, that lives in the deserts of the southwestern USA and northwestern Mexico.

Gilan pn
Guilan
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Gilbert /ˈɡɪlbɚt/ Gilberts pn
Gilbert
A en given name.

Gilbertese pn
gilbertin
An Austronesian language spoken in Kiribati.

Gildas Gildases pn
Gildas
A en given name.

Gilead /ˈɡɪliæd/ /ˈɡɪliəd/ pn
Galaad Guilead
(biblical) A region east of the Jordan river.

Giles /d͡ʒaɪlz/ pn
Gilles Égide
A en given name.

Gilgal pn
Guilgal
(biblical) The site of Joshua's encampment before the siege of Jericho.

Gillard /ˈɡɪləd/ pn
Gillard
A surname transferred from the given name.

Gillett pn
Guillot
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Gingras /ˈd͡ʒiŋɡɹəs/ pn
Gingras

Giraud Girauds pn
Giraud

Giro d'Italia /ˌdʒiɹoʊ d‿ɪˈtæljə/ /ˌdʒɪəɹəʊ d‿ɪˈtaljə/ pn
Tour d'Italie
(cycle racing) An annual long-distance cycling race in Italy, usually held over three weeks.

Giroir Giroirs pn
Giroir

Girona /d͡ʒɪˈɹoʊnə/ pn
Gironne Gérone
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Gironde /dʒɪˈɹɒnd/ /d͡ʒɪˈɹɑnd/ /ʒɪˈɹɒnd/ pn
Gironde
An estuary formed by the French rivers Garonne and Dordogne; Official name: Gironde estuary

Girondin Girondins n
girondin girondine
Someone from the department of Gironde

Giroud Girouds pn
Giroud

Giroulx Giroulxes Giroulxs pn
Giroulx

Giscardian adj
giscardien

Giselle /dʒɪˈzɛl/ /ʒɪˈzɛl/ pn
Giselle Gisèle
A en given name.

Gitega pn
Gitega
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Giverny pn
Giverny
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Giza /ˈɡiːzə/ pn
Gizeh
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Glace Bay pn
Baie de Glace Glace Bay
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Glagolitic /ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/ /ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/ adj
glagolitique
Of or written with the Glagolitic alphabet.

Glagolitic /ˌɡlæɡəʊˈlɪtɪk/ /ˌɡlæɡəˈlɪtɪk/ n
glagol alphabet glagolitique glagolitsa
(linguistics) The oldest known Slavonic alphabet, designed around 862–863 by Saint Cyril in order to translate the Bible and other texts into Old Church Slavonic. Mostly replaced by Cyrillic alphabet in Orthodox Christian Slavic countries, but still in use in the Croatian Church along the Dalmatian coast, in Czech and Croatian recensions of Church Slavic.

Glarus pn
Glaris
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Glasgow /ˈɡlaz.ɡo/ /ˈɡles.kə/ /ˈɡlez.ɡə/ /ˈɡlæs-/ /ˈɡlæz-/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡoʊ/ /ˈɡlæz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡɐʉ/ /ˈɡlɐːz.ɡəʉ/ /ˈɡlɑːs-/ /ˈɡlɑːz.ɡəʊ/ /ˈɡlɛz.ɡɐʉ/ pn
Glasgow
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Glastonbury /ˈɡlæstənbəɹi/ /ˈɡlæstənbɹi/ /ˈɡlɑːstənbəɹi/ /ˈɡlɑːstənbɹi/ pn
Glastonbury
The Glastonbury Festival.

Glaswegian /ɡlaz.ˈwiːdʒən/ more Glaswegian most Glaswegian adj
glasgovien glasvégien glaswégien

Glaswegian /ɡlaz.ˈwiːdʒən/ Glaswegians n
Glasgovien Glasgovienne Glaswégien Glaswégienne
A native or resident of Glasgow.

Global Positioning System pn
Global Positioning System
(cartography) A system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from a constellation of US military satellites.

Globish /ˈɡloʊbɪʃ/ /ˈɡləʊbɪʃ/ pn
globish
A simplified version of the English language, not created but consisting of the most common English words and phrases, enabling non-English-speakers to communicate.

Gloucestershire /ˈɡlɑstəʃɚ/ /ˈɡlɑstɚʃaɪɹ/ /ˈɡlɒstəʃə/ pn
Gloucestershire

Gluckian more Gluckian most Gluckian adj
gluckien
Of or pertaining to Christopher Willibald Gluck.

Gnosticism /ˈnɑstəsɪzəm/ /ˈnɒstɪsɪzəm/ Gnosticisms n
gnosticisme
A wide variety of Jewish and early Christian sects having an interest in gnosis, or divine knowledge, and generally holding the belief that there is a god greater than the Demiurge, or the creator of the world.

Goa pn
Goa
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Gobi pn
Gobi
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God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods n
Dieu
A being such as a monotheistic God: a single divine creator and ruler of the universe.

God /ɡɑ(d)/ /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɔːd/ Gods pn
Dieu
The single deity of various monotheistic religions, especially the deity of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

God Almighty interjection
Dieu tout-puissant
An exclamation of surprise or astonishment.

God Emperor God Emperors pn
Empereur-Dieu

God bless you interjection
que Dieu te bénisse
Short for May God bless you; said as a short prayer, benediction, or valediction for the recipient.
à tes souhaits à vos souhaits
Said to somebody who has sneezed, as a rhetorical response;

God forbid interjection
Dieu nous en préserve Grands dieux, non! à Dieu ne plaise
(idiomatic, subjunctive) indicating that the eventuality is both unlikely and undesirable

God helps those who help themselves proverb
aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera
Good fortune or providential aid comes to those who make an effort to accomplish things.

God knows phraseologicalUnit
Dieu sait
It is only known to God; it is unknown to people.

God object God objects n
God object objet omniscient

God the Father pn
Dieu le Père
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the God of Abraham and the Jewish scriptures and considered the creator of mankind and Father of Jesus Christ

God the Holy Ghost pn
Dieu le Saint-Esprit
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly, inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either (Eastern Orthodoxy) from God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.

God the Son pn
Dieu le Fils
(Christian, _, theology) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to the Word of God, which became flesh—incarnated—in Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God the Father.

God willing interjection
Dieu veuille Dieu voulant s'il plaît à Dieu si Dieu le veut bien si Dieu veut
Used to indicate acceptance of God's will when expressing an intention or hope.

God works in mysterious ways proverb
les voies de Dieu sont impénétrables les voies du Seigneur sont impénétrables
Commenting that a seemingly unfortunate or unfavourable situation or change may be beneficial later or in the long run.

God-fearer God-fearers n
craignant-Dieu
(historical, Christianity) A member of a class of non-Jewish sympathizers to Second Temple Judaism, mentioned in the New Testament and other contemporary sources.

God-fearing more God-fearing most God-fearing adj
craignant Dieu religieux
(religion) Following the precepts of a religious practice; respecting and revering God and his authority.

Godbout Godbouts pn
Godbout

Goddess /ˈɡɒdɛs/ pn
Déesse
The single goddess of various monotheistic religions.
The single goddess of various bitheistic or duotheistic religions.

Godfrey /ˈɡɑdfɹi/ /ˈɡɒdfɹi/ Godfreys pn
Godefroy
A en given name.

Godin Godins pn
Godin

Godspeed /ˌɡɑdˈspid/ /ˌɡɒdˈspiːd/ interjection
bon courage bonne chance que Dieu soit avec toi/vous
(literary) Used, especially at a parting, to express the wish that the outcome of the actions of a person (typically someone about to start a journey or a daring endeavour) is positive for them.

Godzilla /ɡɑdˈzɪlə/ /ɡɒdˈzɪlə/ pn
Godzilla
A fictional Japanese monster (kaiju) from a series of science-fiction films.

Goebbelsian more Goebbelsian most Goebbelsian adj
goebbelsien goebbelsiene
Of or pertaining to Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945) or his way of doing propaganda, German politician associated with Nazi atrocities under Adolf Hitler.

Goethe /ˈɡɜːtə/ pn
Goethe
A surname from German.

Goethean adj
goethien
Of or relating to Johann Wolfgang Goethe, a German writer and thinker.

Goguryeo /ɡoʊˈɡʊəɹioʊ/ pn
Goguryeo Koguryo
One of the Three ancient Kingdoms on the Korean Peninsula, existing between 37 BCE and 668 C.E..

Goh pn
Gôh
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Goidel /ˈɡɔɪd(ə)l/ Goidels n
Goïdel
A Gael; a member of the Goidelic division of Celtic languages as opposed to the Brythonic division.

Goidelic /ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ adj
goïdelique
Relating to the Gaels.

Goidelic /ɡɔɪˈdɛlɪk/ n
gaélique goïdelique
Division of the Gaelic languages including Irish Gaelic, Manx Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic.

Goiás pn
Goiás
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Golaghat /ˈɡoʊləˌɡɑːt/ /ˌɡoːlɑːˈɡʱɑːt/ pn
Golaghat
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Golconda /ɡɑlˈkɑndə/ /ɡɒlˈkɒndə/ pn
Golconde Golkonda
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Gold Coast pn
Gold Coast
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Golden Fleece /ˈɡoʊl.dən fliːs/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən fliːs/ [ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩ ˈfliːs] [ˈɡəɫ.dn̩ ˈfliːs] pn
Toison d'or
(Greek mythology) A magical fleece from a winged ram guarded by the hydra in the tale of Jason and the Argonauts.
A chivalric order founded in 1430 by Duke Philip III of Burgundy. Later awarded in Spain and Habsburg Austria.

Golden Horde pn
Horde d'Or
(historical) A Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

Golden Horn pn
Corne d'Or
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Golden Retriever Golden Retrievers n
golden retriever retriever golden
A breed of dog, originating in Britain.

Golden Triangle pn
triangle d'or
Any region of prosperity, influence, etc. bounded by three points.

Golden Week pn
Golden Week semaine d'or
Any of several extended holidays celebrated in China and Japan, usually early in May.

Goldilocks /ˈɡəʊldilɒks/ pn
Boucles d'or
The protagonist of a traditional fairy tale. She is a golden-haired young girl who inquisitively enters the house of three bears and tries their three bowls of porridge, three chairs, and three beds, in each case finding only one that suits her.

Goldonian more Goldonian most Goldonian adj
goldonien

Golgi apparatus n
appareil de Golgi
(cytology) A network of membranes in the cytoplasm of those animal cells that produce secretions.

Golgotha /ɡɒlˈɡɒθə/ /ˈɡɒlɡəθə/ pn
Golgotha
(biblical) The hill outside Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified.
(Oxbridge slang, obsolete) The rooms of the heads of the colleges. [18th–19th c.]

Goliard Goliards n
goliard
(historical) A wandering student of the 12th or 13th century, whose convivial lifestyle included minstrelsy and a typical satyric Latin poetry.

Goliath /ɡəˈlaɪəθ/ pn
Goliath
A giant who, according to the Bible, was vanquished in battle with King David.

Gomel pn
Gomel
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Gomorrah /ɡəˈmɔɹ.ə/ /ɡəˈmɔː.ɹə/ pn
Gomorrhe
(Biblical, Quranic) TemplateParserError:LuaError which, according to the Hebrew Bible and to Islamic tradition, was destroyed by God (along with Sodom) for the sins of its inhabitants.

Gondi pn
gondi
The Dravidian language spoken by this tribe.

Gondwana /ɡɑndˈwɑnə/ /ɡɒndˈwɑːnə/ pn
Gondwana
(geology) A southern supercontinent, formed before Pangaea between 600 and 530 million years ago, that included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Southern Hemisphere.

Good Friday Good Fridays pn
vendredi saint Vendredi saint
(Christianity) The Friday before Easter Sunday, the commemoration of the day on which Christ was crucified.

Good Samaritan Good Samaritans n
Bon Samaritain
(figurative, idiomatic) A person who helps someone in distress out of their own good nature.

Good Samaritan law Good Samaritan laws n
loi du bon Samaritain
(legal) A law that exempts from legal liability a person who attempts to give reasonable aid to another person who is injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.
(legal) A law that requires able persons, without putting themselves at risk, to provide reasonable aid to persons who are injured, ill, or otherwise imperiled.

Goofy pn
Dingo
A Disney character: a slow-witted anthropomorphic dog with a goofy laugh.

Google /ˈɡuːɡəl/ pn
Google
(trademark) A particular Internet company.
(computing, trademark) A search engine that popularized the company of the same name.

Goose Village pn
Village-aux-Oies

Gorbachev pn
Gorbatchev
A transliteration of the Russian surname Горбачёв (Gorbačóv).

Gorbachevian more Gorbachevian most Gorbachevian adj
gorbatchévien

Gordian knot /ˈɡoʊɹdɪən ˈnɑt/ /ˈɡɔːdɪən ˈnɒt/ Gordian knots n
nœud gordien
(Greek mythology) The legendary knot tied to a pole near the temple of Zeus in Gordium.
(by extension) Any intricate and complex problem having a simple solution.

Gorean Goreans n
goréen
A member of a BDSM subculture based on the Gorean lifestyle portrayed in the novels.

Gori pn
Gori
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Gorinchem pn
Gorinchem
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Gorizia pn
Gorizia
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A statistical region of Slovenia

Gorno-Altaysk pn
Gorno-Altaïsk
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Gorstian pn
Gorstien

Gortyn pn
Gortyne
(historical) Ancient city in central Crete, Greece.

Gosplan /ˈɡɒsplæn/ pn
Gosplan

Goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ Goths n
Goth Gothe
A member of the East Germanic people known for their invasion of the western Roman Empire and subsequent founding of successor states in Italy and Spain during Late Antiquity.

Gothenburg /ˈɡɑθn̩bɝɡ/ /ˈɡɒθn̩bɜːɡ/ pn
Gothembourg Göteborg
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Gothenburger Gothenburgers n
Gothembourgeois Gothembourgeoise
A person from, or an inhabitant of, the Swedish city of Gothenburg.

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ more Gothic most Gothic adj
gothique
Of or relating to the Goths or their language. [from 1611]
(architecture) Of or relating to the architectural style favored in Western Europe in the 12th to 16th centuries, with high-pointed arches, clustered columns, etc. [from 1640s]
(literature) Of or relating to the style of fictional writing associated with Gothic fiction, emphasizing violent or macabre events in a mysterious, desolate setting. [from early 19th c.]

Gothic /ˈɡɑ.θɪk/ /ˈɡɒθ.ɪk/ pn
gotique gothique
An extinct Germanic language, once spoken by the Goths.

Gotland pn
Gotland
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Goyaesque more Goyaesque most Goyaesque adj
goyesque

Goyaesquely more Goyaesquely most Goyaesquely adv
goyesquement
In a Goyaesque manner.

Gozo /ˈɡoʊzoʊ/ /ˈɡəʊzəʊ/ pn
Gozo
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Grace /ɡɹeɪs/ Graces pn
Grace
(countable) A en given name.

Graeco-Roman wrestling n
lutte gréco-romaine
one of the two Olympic styles of wrestling, forbidding attacks below the waist.

Gramscian /ˈɡɹæmʃən/ more Gramscian most Gramscian adj
gramscien gramsciste
Of or pertaining to the Italian Marxist theoretician and politician Antonio Gramsci or his works.

Gran Canaria pn
Grande Canarie
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Granada /ɡɹəˈnɑː.də/ pn
Grenade
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Granato Granatos pn
Granato

Grand Grands pn
Legrand
(countable) A surname.

Grand Canyon pn
Grand Canyon
A large national park and gorge, carved by the Colorado River, located in Arizona, United States.

Grand Cross Grand Crosses n
grand-croix
The recipient of this decoration.

Grand Duchy of Lithuania pn
Grand-duché de Lituanie
(historical) A former European state from the 13th century until 1795, encompassing the territory of modern-day Lithuania and Belarus, a large part of Ukraine, and small parts of Russia and Poland

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg pn
Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
The official name of the independent country of Luxembourg.

Grand Est pn
Grand Est
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Grand Master Grand Masters n
grand maître
A title, especially of chivalric orders, fraternal orders and fraternal organizations.

Grand Prix /ɡɹæn(d) ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɑn ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɑ̃ ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɒn ˈpɹiː/ /ɡɹɒ̃ ˈpɹiː/ Grands Prix n
Grand Prix
any of several international races, especially one of a series for Formula One racing cars

Grand Slam pn
Grand Chelem grand-chelem
(tennis) The four biggest competitions of the year: Wimbledon, the French Open, Australian Open and the US Open

Grande Prairie pn
Grande Prairie
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Grande-Terre pn
Grande-Terre
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Grandmaster Grandmasters n
grand maître
(chess) A player of the highest rank, as determined by FIDE, with an Elo rating of at least 2500. [From 1950.]

Grandmummy pn
Bonne-Maman
(informal) one's grandmother

Grandpappy pn
Bon-Papa
(informal) one's grandfather

Grasse Grasses pn
Grasse
(uncountabel) A placename:
Ellipsis of Pays de Grasse..
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(countable) A habitational surname from French.

Graves' disease n
maladie de Graves maladie de Graves-Basedow
(disease) Hyperthyroidism accompanied by protrusion of the eyeballs.

Graz /ɡɹɑːts/ pn
Graz
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Great Barrier Reef pn
grande barrière de corail
A massive system of coral reefs, found in the Coral Sea off the coast of Australia.

Great Bear pn
Grande Ourse
(constellation) A bright circumpolar asterism of the northern sky, said to resemble a large bear. It is part of the constellation Ursa Major and includes the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.

Great Britain pn
Grande-Bretagne
The island (and sometimes including some of the surrounding smaller islands) off the north-west coast of Europe made up of England, Scotland, and Wales.
(historical, or, loosely) The United Kingdom, or its predecessor the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1801).

Great Dane Great Danes n
dogue allemand
A mastiff known for its great size, bred in Germany to hunt boar and large game.

Great Depression pn
Grande Dépression
(economics, business, finance, historical) A major economic collapse characterized by mass unemployment and limited business activity that lasted from 1929 to 1940 in the US and a similar period in many other countries.

Great Feasts pn
Douze Grandes Fêtes
(Eastern Orthodox) Twelve feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, of which three are movable and nine are fixed.

Great Game pn
Grand Jeu
(historical) The strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire and the Russian Empire for supremacy in Central Asia, mainly during the 19th century.

Great Hours n
office des Grandes Heures
A particularly solemn celebration in the Eastern Orthodox Church, occurring thrice a year: on the Eve of the Nativity, the Eve of Theophany, and Great Friday.

Great Lakes pn
Grands Lacs
A group of five lakes on the United States–Canada border, consisting of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron (Lake Michigan–Huron), Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

Great Leap Forward pn
Grand Bond en avant
(historical) A vast economic and social plan lasting from 1958 to 1961 which aimed to use the Chinese population to rapidly transform the Communist China from a primarily agrarian economy by peasant farmers into a modern communist society through agriculturalization and industrialization, but failed disastrously (resulting in massive famine and the deaths of many millions of people).

Great Lent pn
Grand Carême
(Christianity) In Eastern Christianity, the period of fasting before Pascha.

Great Patriotic War pn
Grande Guerre patriotique
(historical, in Soviet or Russian contexts) the German-Soviet war (a portion of World War II fought between the USSR and Nazi Germany between 1941 and 1945)

Great Plains pn
Grandes Plaines
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Great Pyramid of Giza pn
pyramide de Khéops
The largest and most famous of the Egyptian pyramids, and the only remaining member of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Great Pyrenees Great Pyrenees n
chien de montagne des Pyrénées
(US) A large breed of dog originating in France and often used to guard livestock.

Great Replacement pn
Grand Remplacement

Great Russia pn
Grande Russie
(historical, obsolete) The territories of "Russia proper", the land that formed the core of Muscovy and, later, Russia.

Great Russian adj
grand-russien
(historical) Of or pertaining to Great Russians, the language of Great Russia, as opposed to Little Russia, White Russia, etc.

Great Russian Great Russians n
Grand-Russien Grand-Russienne Grande-Russienne
(historical) A person from, or an inhabitant of, Great Russia.

Great Russian pn
grand-russien
(obsolete) The Russian language, especially when (possibly erroneously) considered to be mutually intelligible with the Ukrainian (Little Russian) and Belarusian (White Russian) languages.

Great Salt Lake pn
Grand Lac Salé
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Great Satan pn
Grand Satan
(pejorative, mostly used by Muslims, especially in Iran) The United States of America, particularly with regard to its perceived imperialist foreign policy.

Great Successor pn
grand successeur
(media) an often-translated epithet for Kim Jong-un.

Great Vowel Shift pn
grand changement vocalique
(phonology) A major change in the pronunciation of the English language, affecting the sounds of long vowels, that took place in England between 1350 and 1700.

Great Wall of China pn
Grande Muraille Grande Muraille de Chine
An ancient Chinese fortification, almost 4,000 miles long, originally designed to protect China from the Mongols.

Great War pn
Grande Guerre
Epithet for World War I.

Greater Antilles pn
Grandes Antilles
The large islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Sea.

Greater Armenia pn
Grande Arménie
(historical) Ancient Armenian kingdom in the Armenian Highlands, stretching from Euphrates to Kura river, Caspian Sea and lake Urmia, and existing from 190 B.C.E. to 428 C.E.. Traditionally divided into 15 provinces: Aghdznik, Artsakh, Ayrarat, Corduene, Gugark, Moxoene, Parskahayk, Paytakaran, Sophene, Syunik, Tayk, Turuberan, Upper Armenia, Utik, Vaspurakan.

Greater Caucasus /ˈɡɹeɪtə(ɹ) ˈkɔːkəsəs/ [ˈɡɹ̠ʷeɪ̯ɾɚ ˈkʰɔkəsəs] pn
Grand Caucase
the major mountain range of the Caucasus Mountains, which stretches for about 1,200 kilometres from west-northwest to east-southeast, between the Taman Peninsula of the Black Sea to the Absheron Peninsula of the Caspian Sea.

Greater Iran pn
Grand Iran
The territory of historical Persia

Greater London pn
Grand Londres
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Greater Manchester pn
Grand Manchester
TemplateParserError:LuaError comprising the cities of Manchester and Salford, and the metropolitan boroughs of Bolton, Bury, Oldham, Rochdale, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford and Wigan. Greater Manchester borders Merseyside, Cheshire, Lancashire, West Yorkshire and Derbyshire

Greater Middle East pn
Grand Moyen-Orient
The countries of the Muslim world, centred on the Middle East and excluding those in Oceania. The Middle East plus Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and North Africa.

Greater Poland pn
Grande-Pologne
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Greater Poland Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Grande-Pologne
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Greater Syria pn
Grande Syrie
A region in the Middle East consisting roughly of Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine, and Jordan

Grecism /ˈɡɹiːsɪzəm/ Grecisms n
hellénisme
A word or idiom of the Greek language used in another language, especially for literary effect.

Greco- /ˈɡɹikoʊ-/ /ˈɡɹɛkoʊ-/ prefix
gréco-
Greek, often in reference to ancient Greece.

Greco-Egyptian adj
gréco-égyptien
Of or pertaining to Greece and/or Egypt.

Greco-Latin /ˌɡɹiːkəʊˈlæt.ɪn/ /ˌɡɹɛkoʊˈlæt.n̩/ adj
gréco-latin

Greco-Roman /ˌɡɹiːkəʊˈɹəʊmən/ /ˌɡɹɛkoʊˈɹoʊmən/ more Greco-Roman most Greco-Roman adj
gréco-romain
Of or pertaining to Greek or Roman culture.

Greece /ɡɹiːs/ pn
Grèce
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Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeker Greekest adj
grec grecque
Of or relating to Greece, its people, its language, or its culture

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks n
grec grecque grecques Grec
(countable) A person from Greece or of Greek descent.

Greek /ɡɹiːk/ Greeks pn
grec
The language spoken by people of Greece, particularly (depending on context) Ancient Greek or Modern Greek.

Greek Catholic adj
grec-catholique
Of or relating to the Greek Catholic Church

Greek Orthodox adj
grec-orthodoxe
Of or relating to the Greek Orthodox Church

Greek Orthodox Church pn
Eglise orthodoxe grecque
A group of Eastern Orthodox churches comprising the churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Jerusalem, Cyprus and Greece.

Greek calends n
aux calendes grecques
(idiomatic) A time that never occurs; never; when pigs fly.

Greek fire n
feu grégeois
(historical) A highly flammable substance of unknown composition first used by the Greeks of Constantinople in the 7th century C.E. to set fire to enemy ships, buildings etc.

Greekness n
grécité
The state or condition of being Greek.

Green Party pn
Parti vert
The particular green party of a country or region.

Green Revolution pn
révolution verte

Green Zone pn
zone verte
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Greenland /ˈɡɹiːn.lænd/ /ˈɡɹiːn.lənd/ pn
Groenland
(obsolete) Spitzbergen, another island in Europe formerly thought to have been part of Greenland.

Greenland shark Greenland sharks n
requin du Groenland
A large shark (Somniosus microcephalus) that inhabits the northern Atlantic Ocean.

Greenlander Greenlanders n
Groenlandais Groenlandaise
A person from Greenland or of Greenlandic descent.

Greenlandic adj
groenlandais
Of, from, or pertaining to Greenland, the Greenlandic people or the Greenlandic language.

Greenlandic pn
groenlandais
The official language of Greenland, an Eskimo-Aleut language written with the Latin alphabet.

Greenwich /-ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡɹinwɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɡɹɛnɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɡɹɪn-/ pn
Greenwich
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Gregoire Gregoires pn
Grégoire

Gregorian calendar pn
calendrier grégorien
The calendar currently used in the western world. It replaced the Julian calendar and was devised to halt the slow drift of the vernal equinox towards earlier in the year.

Gregorian chant Gregorian chants n
chant grégorien
(music) A style of unaccompanied monophonic singing in the Catholic Church.

Gregory /ˈɡɹɛɡəɹi/ Gregorys pn
Grégoire Grégory
A en given name.

Grenada /ɡɹəˈneɪdə/ pn
Grenade
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Grenadian /ɡɹəˈneɪdi.ən/ adj
grenadien grenadienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Grenada, the Grenadian people or the Grenadian language.

Grenadian /ɡɹəˈneɪdi.ən/ Grenadians n
Grenadien Grenadienne
A person from Grenada or of Grenadian descent.

Grenelle pn
Grenelle

Grenier Greniers pn
Grenier

Grenoble /ɡɹəˈnoʊbəl/ /ɡɹəˈnəʊbəl/ pn
Grenoble
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Gressoney-La-Trinité pn
Gressoney-La-Trinité
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Gressoney-Saint-Jean pn
Gressoney-Saint-Jean
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Gretel pn
Magali Margot
A en given name, diminutive of Margarete.
Margot
A fictional character in the German fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.

Gretzky Gretzkies Gretzkys n
Gretzky Wayne Gretzky
(ice hockey, figuratively) Ellipsis of Wayne Gretzky.

Gretzky Gretzkies Gretzkys pn
Gretzky
A surname from Belarusian.

Grevenmacher pn
Grevenmacher
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the east of the country.
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Grey Cup Grey Cups pn
Coupe Grey

Grim Reaper /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹi.pɚ/ /ˈɡɹɪm ˈɹiː.pə/ Grim Reapers pn
Faucheuse Grande Faucheuse Mort ange de la mort
A personification of Death as an old man, or a skeleton, carrying a scythe, taking souls to the afterlife.

Grimm's law pn
loi de Grimm
(indo-european studies) A sound change that affected the Proto-Indo-European stop consonants in the development of Proto-Germanic, causing devoicing or change into a fricative.

Grisons pn
Grisons
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Grodno pn
Grodno Hrodna
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Grondin Grondins pn
Grondin

Groningen pn
Groningue
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Groom of the Stool /ˈɡɹum əv ðə ˈstul/ /ˈɡɹuːm əv ðə ˈstuːl/ Grooms of the Stool pn
porte-coton
(Britain, monarchy, historical) Originally an official responsible for helping the English monarch use the toilet; later a senior official who was allowed access to the monarch's privy chamber and served as a personal secretary.

Gros Michel Gros Michels n
Gros Michel Grosse Michel

Groseilliers Groseilliers Groseillierses pn
Groseilliers

Grosseto pn
Grosseto
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Grothendieckian adj
grothendieckien
Of or relating to Alexander Grothendieck (1928–2014), German-born French mathematician who was instrumental in the creation of modern algebraic geometry.

Groulx Groulx Groulxes Groulxs pn
Groulx

Groundhog Day pn
jour de la marmotte
An annual festival held in Canada and the USA on February 2 in which the arrival time of the spring season is predicted by whether or not a certain groundhog can see its shadow.

Grozny pn
Grozny
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Grus pn
Grue
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a crane. It contains the star Alnair and lies south of the constellation Piscis Austrinus.

Gruyère /ɡriˈjɛɹ/ /ɡruˈjɛɹ/ /ˈɡruːjɛː/ /ˈɡruːɛː/ Gruyères n
gruyère
A hard yellow cheese originating from Gruyères, Switzerland and made in the cantons of Fribourg.

Gryffindor Gryffindors n
Gryffondor
(sometimes used attributively) A person having traits associated with Gryffindor house from the Harry Potter series, including bravery, boldness, or an affinity for lions or the colours red and gold.

Guadalajara /ˌɡwɑdələˈhɑɹə/ /ˌɡwɑːdələˈhɑːɹə/ pn
Guadalajara
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Guadalcanal /ˌɡwɑː.dəl.kəˈnɑːl/ pn
Guadalcanal
A volcanic island in the Pacific, part of the Solomon Islands.

Guadalquivir /ˌɡwɑdəlkiˈvɪɹ/ /ˌɡwɑdəlˈkwɪvɚ/ /ˌɡwɑːdəlkɪˈvɪə/ pn
Guadalquivir
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Guadeloupe /ɡwɑdə.ˈlʊp/ /ɡwɑːdə.ˈluːp/ /ˌɡwɑːdə.ˈluːp/ pn
Guadeloupe
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Guadeloupean adj
guadeloupéen
Of, from, or pertaining to Guadeloupe, the Guadeloupean people or the Guadeloupean language.

Guadeloupean Guadeloupeans n
Guadeloupéen Guadeloupéenne guadeloupéen guadeloupéenne
A person from Guadeloupe or of Guadeloupean descent.

Guadiana /ɡwɑdˈjɑnə/ /ˌɡwɑdiˈɑnə/ /ˌɡwɑːdɪˈɑːnə/ Guadianas pn
Guadiana
A surname from Spanish.

Guam /ɡwæm/ /ɡwɑm/ /ɡwɑːm/ /ɡwɒm/ pn
Guam
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Guamanian /ɡwɑːˈmeɪni.ən/ /ɡwɑːˈmeɪnjən/ Guamanians n
Guamais Guamaise Guamanien Guamanienne Guamien Guamienne
A person from Guam or of Guamanian descent.

Guangzhou /ɡwæŋˈdʒəʊ/ /ˈɡwɑŋˈd͡ʒoʊ/ pn
Canton Guangzhou
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Guatemala /ˌɡwɑː.təˈmɑː.lə/ pn
Guatemala
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Guatemala City pn
Guatemala Ville de Guatemala
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Guatemalan adj
guatémaltèque
Of, from, or pertaining to Guatemala or the Guatemalan people.

Guatemalan Guatemalans n
Guatémaltèque
A person from Guatemala or of Guatemalan descent.

Guebre Guebres n
guèbre

Guelma pn
Guelma
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Guelph /ɡwɛlf/ Guelphs n
guelfe Guelfe
(historical, politics) In the politics of medieval Italian city states, any member of a faction that supported the Pope in a long struggle against the Ghibellines and the Holy Roman Emperor.

Guelphic more Guelphic most Guelphic adj
guelfe

Gueltas pn
Gueltas
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Guelwongo pn
Guelwongo Guélwongo
Guelwongo (a city in southern Burkina Faso near the border with Ghana)

Guernsey /ˈɡɜːnzi/ /ˈɡɝnzi/ pn
Guernesey
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Guesdism n
guesdisme

Guesdist adj
guesdiste

Guianan slaty antshrike Guianan slaty antshrikes n
batara tacheté
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus punctatus, (syn. Lanius punctatus).

Guidonian adj
guidonien
Of or relating to Guido of Arezzo (c. 991 – after 1033), Italian music theorist and pedagogue of the medieval era, regarded as the inventor of modern musical staff notation.

Guillain-Barré syndrome /-bɑɹˈeɪ-/ /ɡiːˈæn bəˈɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ɡiːˈɑːn-/ /ˈɡiːlæn ˈbɑɹeɪ ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ n
syndrome de Guillain-Barré
(neurology, disease) Rapid-onset muscle weakness, often severe and sometimes fatal, resulting from impaired peripheral nervous system function, associated with various viral and other infections.

Guillotin Guillotins pn
Guillotin

Guinea /ˈɡɪniː/ pn
Guinée
(derogatory, _, US, _, slang, ethnic slur) Someone of Italian descent in the United States.

Guinea-Bissau pn
Guinée-Bissau Guinée-Bissao
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Guinean Guineans n
Guinéen Guinéenne
Someone from Guinea or of Guinean descent.

Guinevere /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪə/ /ˈɡwɪ.nə.vɪɹ/ pn
Guenièvre
A en given name.
(Arthurian mythology) In Arthurian legend, the wife of King Arthur.

Guion Guions pn
Guion
A surname from French.

Guipúzcoa pn
Guipuscoa
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Guiscard pn
Guiscard
the sobriquet of Robert de Hauteville, a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily

Guizhou /(ˈ)ɡweɪˈd͡ʒoʊ/ pn
Guizhou
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Gujarat /ɡʊ.dʒə.ˈɾaːt̪/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈɹɑːt/ pn
Gujarat
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Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ Gujaratis n
Goudjarati Gujarati
A person from Gujarat.

Gujarati /ˌɡuːd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ /ˌɡʊd͡ʒəˈrɑːti/ pn
gujarati goudjarati goujarati
The Indic language spoken in the state of Gujarat, India

Gulbenkian /ɡʊlˈbɛŋkiən/ pn
Gulbenkian
A surname from Armenian.

Gulf Stream pn
Gulf Stream
The warm ocean current issuing from the Gulf of Mexico, flowing northeastwards along the coast of North America to the Grand Banks where it breaks eastwards across the Atlantic Ocean and helps to maintain warm temperatures along the western coasts of the British Isles.

Gulf War pn
guerre du Golfe
(history) One of several wars fought at the Persian Gulf in the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, principally the one from 1990 to 1991.

Gulf of Aden pn
golfe d'Aden
A gulf between Yemen and Somalia, connected to the Somali Sea through the Guardafui Channel.

Gulf of Alaska pn
golfe d'Alaska
An arm of the Pacific Ocean defined by the curve of the southern coast of Alaska, stretching from the Alaska Peninsula and Kodiak Island in the west to the Alexander Archipelago in the east

Gulf of Bothnia /ˌɡʌlf əv ˈbɒθniə/ pn
golfe de Botnie
The northernmost arm of the Baltic Sea, separating the countries of Sweden and Finland.

Gulf of California pn
golfe de Californie mer Vermeille
a body of water that separates the Baja California Peninsula from the Mexican mainland

Gulf of Finland pn
golfe de Finlande
An arm of the Baltic Sea that separates the European countries of Estonia and Finland. On its eastern end, the Neva at the Russian city of St. Petersburg empties into it.

Gulf of Guinea pn
golfe de Guinée
Part of the Atlantic Ocean southwest of Africa.

Gulf of Lion pn
golfe du Lion
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Gulf of Maine pn
Golfe du Maine golfe du Maine

Gulf of Mexico pn
golfe du Mexique Golfe du Mexique
A gulf to the south of the USA and to the east and north of Mexico.

Gulf of Naples pn
baie de Naples
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Gulf of Riga pn
golfe de Riga
The inland body of water that is part of the Baltic Sea in eastern Europe and is near Latvia and Estonia.

Gulf of Thailand pn
golfe de Thaïlande golfe du Siam
An inland body of water in the Pacific Ocean that is southeast of Southeast Asia below the countries of Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, and is close to the Malay Peninsula of Malaysia.

Gullah /ˈɡʌl.ə/ pn
gullah
A creole of English and various African languages spoken on a group of islands off the coast of the Carolinas and Georgia in the Southern United States.

Gummy Bears pn
ours gluant
A kind of gummy candy, a type of confectionery made from gelatine, in the miniature form of a toy bear.

Gunpowder Plot pn
Conspiration des poudres
(British) A failed plot, in November 1605, to kill the Protestant king James I of England and VI of Scotland, and to blow up the House of Lords using gunpowder, annually commemorated on Guy Fawkes Day.

Gurbantünggüt pn
Dzoosotoyn Elisen Gurbantunggut
A desert that occupies a large part of the Junggar Basin in Northern Xinjiang, in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.

Guria pn
Gourie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in the western part of the country, bordered by the eastern end of the Black Sea with Ozurgeti as its regional capital.

Gustav Gustavs pn
Gustave
A en given name.

Gutenbergian more Gutenbergian most Gutenbergian adj
gutenbergien
Of or pertaining to Johannes Gutenberg (c. 1398–1468), inventor of the European technology of printing with movable type.

Guy /ɡaɪ/ Guys pn
Guy
A en given name.

Guyana /ɡaɪˈæn.ə/ /ɡaɪˈɑː.nə/ pn
Guyana
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Guyanese /ˌɡaɪəˈniːz/ Guyanese n
Guyanaise Guyanais
A person from Guyana or of Guyanese descent.

Guyenne /ɡiːˈɛn/ pn
Guyenne
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Guzhangian pn
Guzhangien

Guzzo Guzzos pn
Guzzo

Gwendolen pn
Gwendoline
A en given name.

Gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ Gypsies n
tsigane manouche gitan gitane
(sometimes, offensive) A member of the Romani people, or one of the sub-groups (Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc).
A member of other nomadic peoples, not only of the Romani people; a traveller.

Gzhelian /ˈʒɛli.ən/ pn
Gzhélien

Gödel number Gödel numbers n
nombre de Gödel
(logic) A number uniquely assigned to each symbol, and to each well-formed formula of some formal language.

Gödel's incompleteness theorem Gödel's incompleteness theorems pn
théorème d'incomplétude de Gödel
(logic, mathematics) One of two theorems in mathematical logic that demonstrates the inherent limitations of every formal axiomatic system containing basic arithmetic.

Gülenist /ˈɡjulənɪst/ Gülenists n
güleniste
(Turkey, politics) A supporter of the social movement led by Turkish Islamic scholar and preacher Fethullah Gülen.

H-hour H-hours n
heure H
(figuratively) The hour at which any major event planned for the future is set to begin, as used in United States military.

HC HCs n
CH

HCR pn
HCR
Initialism of High Commission for Refugees.

HDI pn
IDH
Initialism of Human Development Index, a United Nations measure of well-being in a country.

HDPE HDPEs n
PEHD
(organic compound) Initialism of high-density polyethylene.

HIIT n
entraînement fractionné de haute intensité
(exercise) Initialism of high-intensity interval training: a form of exercise based on short bursts of intense effort, such as sprinting.

HIS HIS's HISes n
SIH
(medicine, software) Initialism of hospital information system.

HIV /ˌeɪt͡ʃ.aɪˈviː/ n
VIH
(virology) Initialism of human immunodeficiency virus. [from 1986]

HIV negative adj
séronégatif
Not infected by HIV.

HIV positive adj
séropositif
Infected by HIV.

HMCS n
NCSM
(Canada, nautical, military) Initialism of Her (or His) Majesty's Canadian Ship; ship prefix of the Royal Canadian Navy

HPGP n
HPGP
(uncountable)

HQ HQs n
QG
Initialism of headquarters.

HRM n
DRH
(business, management) Initialism of Human resource management.

HRM pn
MRH
Initialism of Halifax Regional Municipality, a regional municipality in and capital of Nova Scotia.

HRT HRTs n
THS
(medicine) Initialism of hormone replacement therapy.

HSK pn
HSK Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi test d'évaluation de chinois
(education) Initialism of w:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi, standardized test of Standard Mandarin Chinese proficiency for non-native speakers.

HTML pn
HTML
Initialism of Hypertext Markup Language.

HTML5 pn
HTML5
Initialism of Hypertext Markup Language Version 5.

HTTP cookie HTTP cookies n
cafteur cookie témoin
(Internet) A packet of information sent by a server to a World Wide Web browser and then returned by the browser each time it accesses that server, used to maintain state between otherwise stateless HTTP transactions, for example, to identify the user.

Haapsalu pn
Haapsalu
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Haarlem pn
Haarlem Harlem
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Haarlemmermeer pn
Haarlemmermeer
A former lake in North Holland, the Netherlands, located between Amsterdam, Leiden and Haarlem, drained between 1849 and 1852.

Habakkuk /həˈbæk.ək/ /ˈhæb.ə.kək/ pn
Habacuc Habaquq
A prophetic book in the Old Testament of the Bible, one of the minor prophets; or the eighth part of the Tere Asar in the Jewish Tanakh.
Habacuc
(rare) A en given name of biblical origin.

Habsburg /ˈhæps.bɜːɹɡ/ adj
habsbourgeois habsbourgeoise
relating to the Habsburg family and dynasty

Habsburg /ˈhæps.bɜːɹɡ/ Habsburgs n
Habsbourg
A member of the Habsburg noble family.

Hades /ˈhadiːz/ /ˈheɪdiːz/ pn
Hadès
(Greek god) The god of the underworld and ruler of the dead, son of Cronus and Rhea, brother of Zeus and Poseidon.
(Greek mythology) The underworld, the domain of Hades, by transference from its god.

Hadrian /ˈheɪ.dɹiː.(j)ən/ pn
Hadrien
(historical) The Roman emperor Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus.

Haemus /ˈhiːməs/ pn
Hémos
(Greek mythology) a king of Thrace, the son of Boreas, who was vain and haughty and compared himself and his wife to Zeus and Hera

Hafezian more Hafezian most Hafezian adj
hafézien
Of or pertaining to Hafez (1315-1390), Persian poet.

Hagar /ˈheɪɡɑː/ /ˈheɪɡɑːɹ/ Hagars pn
Agar
The Egyptian concubine of Abraham, mother of Ishmael. (biblical character)

Haggai /ˈhæɡaɪ/ pn
Agée Aggée
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible and the Tanakh.

Haidée pn
Haydée
A en given name.

Haifa pn
Haïfa
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Hail Mary Hail Maries Hail Marys n
Je vous salue Marie
(Christianity) A prayer calling for the intercession of the Virgin Mary.

Hainan /haɪˈnæn/ /haɪˈnɑːn/ pn
Hainan Haïnan
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Hainanese chicken rice n
riz au poulet hainanais
A dish of poached chicken and seasoned rice, served with chili sauce and usually cucumber garnishes; a national dish of Singapore.

Hainaut pn
Hainaut
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Haiti /ˈheɪ.ti/ pn
Haïti
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(obsolete) .

Haitian /ˈheɪ.ʃən/ adj
haïtien
Of, from, or pertaining to Haiti, its inhabitants, or their language.

Haitian /ˈheɪ.ʃən/ Haitians n
Haïtien Haïtienne
A person from Haiti or of Haitian descent.

Haitian Creole n
créole haïtien haïtien
A language spoken in Haiti; developed first as a creole based on French and several West African languages.

Hajtamiri Hajtamiries Hajtamiris pn
Hajtamiri

Hakka /ˈhɑkə/ pn
hakka
A Chinese language mainly spoken in the south-eastern part of mainland China (Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi), Taiwan, Hong Kong, and by the Chinese minorities in Southeast Asia.

Halacha /həlɑːˈhɑː/ /həˈlʌhə/ pn
Halakha halakha
Jewish law, taken as a whole

Halen pn
Haelen Halen
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Halicarnassus /ˌhælɪkɑɹˈnæsəs/ pn
Halicarnasse
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Halifax /ˈhæl.ɪˌfæks/ pn
Halifax
An earldom in the Peerage of Great Britain.

Haligonian adj
halifacien
(English) Of, from, or pertaining to the town of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.
haligonien
(Canada) Of, from, or pertaining to the city of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Haligonian Haligonians n
Halifacien Halifacienne
(English) A native or inhabitant of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England.
Haligonien Haligonienne
(Canada) A native or inhabitant of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Halkomelem /hɒlkəˈmeɪləm/ pn
halkomelem
A Central Salishan language spoken on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, by the Musqueam Indian Band, and closely related to Squamish (Sḵwx̱wú7mesh snichim).

Halley's Comet /ˌheɪliːz ˈkɒmɪt/ /ˌhæliːz ˈkɒmɪt/ pn
comète de Halley
A great comet which can be seen from Earth every 75–76 years.

Halloween /ˌha.ləʊˈiːn/ /ˌha.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhæ.loʊˈiːn/ /ˌhæ.ləˈwiːn/ /ˌhɑ.ləˈwiːn/ Halloweens pn
Halloween
The eve of All Hallows' Day; October 31st; celebrated (mostly in English-speaking countries) by children going door-to-door in costume and soliciting candy with menaces.

Ham /hæm/ pn
Cham
(biblical) A son of Noah and the brother of Japheth and Shem.

Hama pn
Hama
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Hamas /həˈmæs/ /həˈmɑs/ pn
Hamas
A militant Palestinianist and Sunni Muslim movement that presses for an independent, Palestinian Islamic state and the Palestinian right of return.

Hamawi adj
hamiote
Of or pertaining to Hama.

Hamawi Hamawis n
Hamiote
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Hama.

Hamburg /ˈhæmbɜːɡ/ /ˈhæmbɝɡ/ pn
Hambourg hambourgeois
Hamburger SV, a German football club.

Hamburger /ˈhæmbɜːɡə/ /ˈhæmbɝɡɚ/ Hamburgers n
Hambourgeois Hambourgeoise
A person from Hamburg.

Hamdanid adj
hamdanide
Relating to the Hamdanids.

Hamelin Hamelins pn
Hamelin
(countable) A surname from German.
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Hamilcar pn
Hamilcar
A Punic en given name

Hamiltonian path Hamiltonian paths n
chemin hamiltonien
(graph theory) A path through a graph which visits each vertex exactly once.

Hamitic adj
chamitique
of or pertaining to the Hamites or to the Hamitic languages

Hamlet /ˈhæm.lət/ /ˈhæm.lɪt/ pn
Hamlet
The eponymous main character of William Shakespeare's play, whose father's ghost, murdered by Hamlet's uncle, exhorts him to seek revenge.

Hamletian more Hamletian most Hamletian adj
hamlétien
Of or pertaining to William Shakespeare's play Hamlet (circa 1600), with themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption.

Hammersmith /hæməsmɪθ/ pn
Hammersmith
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Hampshire /ˈhæmpʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæmpʃɪə(ɹ)/ Hampshires pn
Hampshire
TemplateParserError:LuaError bordered by Berkshire, Surrey, West Sussex, Dorset, Wiltshire, the English Channel and the Solent separating it from the Isle of Wight; the county town is Winchester.

Han /hæn/ /hɑn/ pn
Dynastie Han
An imperial Chinese dynasty, ruling (with interruptions) from 206 BC to AD 220, marked by the expansion of the Yellow River's Huaxia culture to the recent conquests of the Qin and a flowering of economic, literary, and scientific development
Han
The Chinese ethnicity, when distinguished from other peoples of the Chinese state

Hanakian adj
hanaque
Of, or pertaining to, Haná or its people or culture.

Hanakian Hanakians n
Hanaque
A person from Haná.

Hangeul /ˈhɑnˌɡul/ n
hangeul
The phonetic alphabet used to write the Korean language.

Hannah /ˈhænə/ Hannahs pn
Anne
Mother of the prophet Samuel in the Old Testament.

Hannibal /ˈhænɪbəl/ Hannibals pn
Annibal Hannibal
A en given name of mostly historical use. Most notably borne by the Carthaginian general Hannibal, son of Hamilcar.

Hanoi /hæˈnɔɪ/ /hɑːˈnɔɪ/ pn
Hanoï
(metonym) the Vietnamese government.

Hanoian /hɑːˈnɔɪ.ən/ /həˈnɔɪ.ən/ adj
Hanoïen

Hanover /ˈhænəvə/ /ˈhænˌoʊvɚ/ pn
Hanovre
(historical) The former Kingdom of Hanover, now part of Lower Saxony, Germany.

Hansard /ˈhænsɑːd/ /ˈhænsəd/ /ˈhænsɚd/ Hansards n
Hansard
(chiefly, Britain, Commonwealth) The official report of debates and other proceedings in the British and some Commonwealth parliaments.

Hanse /hæns/ /hænzə/ Hanses n
Hanse
(historical) A merchant guild, particularly the Fellowship of London Merchants (the "Old Hanse") given a monopoly on London's foreign trade by the Normans or its successor, the Company of Merchant Adventurers (the "New Hanse"), incorporated in 1497 and chartered under Henry VII and Elizabeth I.

Hanseatic League pn
Hanse Ligue hanséatique
(historical) The commercial and military alliance of Low German merchant guilds and privileged market towns which dominated trade along the coasts of northern Europe from the mid-12th to mid-17th centuries.

Hanseatic city Hanseatic cities n
ville hanséatique
(historical) A member city of the Hanseatic League.
A former member city of the Hanseatic League.

Hansel pn
Jeannot
A fictional character in the German fairy tale Hansel and Gretel.

Hansel and Gretel pn
Hansel et Gretel Jeannot et Margot
A German fairy tale, recorded by the Brothers Grimm and published in 1812, about the siblings named Hansel and Gretel who are threatened by a cannibalistic witch who lives in a house made of cake and bread.

Hansen's disease n
maladie de Hansen
(disease) The disease leprosy, caused by infection by Mycobacterium leprae.

Hanukkah /ˈhæn.ə.kə/ /ˈhɑː.nə.kə/ /ˈhʌ.nʊ.kə/ /ˈxɑː.nə.kə/ Hanukkahs pn
Hanoukka Hanoucca
(Judaism) An eight-day Jewish festival, starting on the 25th day of Kislev, which commemorates the rededication of the temple in Jerusalem after the victory of the Maccabees over the Greek Syrians.

Happy Ramadan phraseologicalUnit
bon ramadan
An expression used during Ramadan to wish someone a happy time.

Harappan adj
harapéen

Harare pn
Hararé
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Haratin Haratin Haratins n
Haratine
A member of a group of dark-skinned African people in Maghreb and Western part of Sahara (Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya), who often form a distinct social class.

Hardenne pn
Ardenne
A Belgian surname.

Hargeisa pn
Hargeisa
TemplateParserError:LuaError, capital of the unrecognised state of Somaliland.

Harold /ˈhæɹəld/ Harolds pn
Hérault
A en given name.

Harry /ˈhæɹi/ /ˈhɛɹi/ [ˈheɹi] [ˈhɛɹi] Harries Harrys pn
Harry
(rare, _, nickname) A diminutive of the en given name Harriet

Harsefeld pn
Harsefeld
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Hartley County pn
comté de Hartley
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Hartley oscillator Hartley oscillators n
oscillateur Hartley

Harvard /ˈhɑɹvəɹd/ /ˈhɑːvəd/ [(h)äːvəd] [haːvəd] [haːvɪd] pn
Harvard Harvarde
A surname transferred from the given name.
Harvard
Any of a number of places named for persons with the surname, including a city in Massachusetts.
A university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, named after John Harvard, American clergyman and philanthropist.

Harvey /ˈhɑ(ɹ)vi/ /ˈhɑːvi/ pn
Hervé
A surname transferred from the given name.
A en given name, in modern use often transferred back from the surname.

Haryana /hɑːɹɪˈjɑːnə/ /hʌɹɪˈjɑːnə/ pn
Haryana
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Faridabad is its biggest city.

Hasdrubal /ˈhæz.dɹʊ.bəl/ pn
Hasdrubal
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Hasdrubal Barca and several other Carthaginians

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan pn
Royaume hachémite de Jordanie
The official name of Jordan.

Hasidism pn
hassidisme
(Judaism) a Jewish movement founded in Poland in the 18th century by Baal-Shem-Tov

Haskell /ˈhæskəl/ pn
Haskell
(programming language) A general-purpose purely functional programming language with support for recursive functions and pattern matching.

Hassānīya pn
hassaniya
A group of Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Mauritania, a portion of southern Morocco, and Western Sahara.

Hathor pn
Hathor
(Egyptian god) The goddess of joy, love, and motherhood; one of the "Eyes / Daughters of Ra", the consort of Ra/Horus; often depicted as having a cow's head.

Hatshepsut /hætˈʃɛpsʊt/ pn
Hatchepsout
An ancient Egyptian queen (1508–1458 BCE).

Hatto pn
Hatton
A male given name of historical usage

Haumea /haʊˈmeɪ.ə/ /ˌhɑː.uːˈmeɪ.ə/ pn
Hauméa
(Hawaiian mythology) The goddess of fertility and childbirth.
A dwarf planet with two known moons orbiting in the Kuiper belt, roughly one-third the mass of Pluto

Hausa /ˈhaʊsə/ pn
haoussa Haoussa
The Chadic language spoken by these people.

Hausdorff dimension Hausdorff dimensions n
dimension de Hausdorff
(analysis) A type of fractal dimension, a real-valued measure of a geometric object that assigns 1 to a line segment, 2 to a square and 3 to a cube. Formally, given a metric space X and a subset of X labeled S, the Hausdorff dimension of S is the infimum of all real-valued d for which the d-dimensional Hausdorff content of S is zero.

Haussmannian more Haussmannian most Haussmannian adj
haussmannien
Of or relating to Georges-Eugène Haussmann (1809–1891), French civic planner involved in the extravagant rebuilding of Paris in the 1860s.

Haussmannization Haussmannizations n
haussmannisation
The creative destruction of something for the betterment of society.

Haussmannize v
haussmanniser

Haut-Rhin pn
Haut-Rhin
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Haute-Corse pn
Haute-Corse
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Haute-Garonne pn
Haute-Garonne
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Haute-Loire pn
Haute-Loire
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Haute-Marne pn
Haute-Marne
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Haute-Savoie pn
Haute-Savoie
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Haute-Saône pn
Haute-Saône
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Haute-Vienne pn
Haute-Vienne
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Hautes-Alpes pn
Hautes-Alpes
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Hautes-Pyrénées pn
Hautes-Pyrénées
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Hauts-de-France pn
Hauts-de-France
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Hauts-de-Seine pn
Hauts-de-Seine
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Havana /həˈvænə/ pn
La Havane
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Havana syndrome n
syndrome de La Havane

Havanan more Havanan most Havanan adj
havanais
Of or relating to Havana in Cuba.

Havanan Havanans n
Havanais Havanaise
An inhabitant or a resident of Havana.

Hawaii /həˈvaɪʔi/ /həˈvɑːʔi/ /həˈwaɪ(j)i/ /həˈwaɪ.i/ /həˈwɑ(j)i/ /həˈwɔ(j)i/ [hʊ̈ˈwaɪ̯(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɑ(j)i] [hʊ̈ˈwɔ(j)i] pn
Hawaï Hawaii les îles Hawaï
(specifically) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The largest of the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ more Hawaiian most Hawaiian adj
hawaiien hawaïen

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ Hawaiians n
Hawaiien Hawaïen

Hawaiian /hə.ˈwaɪ.jən/ /hə.ˈwaɪ.ən/ pn
hawaïen hawaiien
The Hawaiian language.

Hawaiian hawk Hawaiian hawks n
buse d'Hawaï
Buteo solitarius, a raptor of the Buteo genus endemic to Hawaiʻi.

Hawaiian pizza Hawaiian pizzas n
pizza hawaïenne
A pizza topped with tomato sauce, cheese, pineapple, and back bacon or ham.

Hawking radiation n
rayonnement de Hawking
The radiation presumed to be given off by a black hole by quantum mechanical processes.

Hayashi limit Hayashi limits n
limite de Hayashi
(astrophysics) A theoretical maximum radius of a star of given mass; the radius at which the inward force of gravity exactly balances the outward pressure of the gas of the star.

Headless Horseman pn
cavalier sans tête
A mythical figure who has appeared in folklore around the world since the Middle Ages, who is traditionally depicted as a man upon horseback who is missing his head.

Heard Island and McDonald Islands pn
îles Heard-et-MacDonald
An Australian external territory and volcanic group of uninhabited Antarctic islands, between Madagascar and Antarctica.

Heavenly Father pn
Père céleste
(formal) The Jewish or Christian God.

Hebe /ˈhiːbi/ pn
Hébé
(Greek god) The goddess of youth, and a daughter of Zeus and Hera. Her Roman counterpart is Juventas.

Hebraic /hiːˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ /hɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ more Hebraic most Hebraic adj
hébraïque

Hebraism Hebraisms n
hébraïsme

Hebraist Hebraists n
hébraïsant hébraïste hébraïsante
A scholar who specializes in the study of the Hebrew language.

Hebraization Hebraizations n
hébraïsation

Hebraize v
hébraïser
(transitive) To convert (something) into a Hebrew/Hebraic form.

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ adj
hébreu hébraïque
Of or pertaining to the Hebrew people or language.

Hebrew /ˈhiːbɹuː/ Hebrews n
Hébreu Hébreuse
(countable) A member or descendant of a Semitic people claiming descent from Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.
(countable) A descendant of the biblical Patriarch Eber.
(uncountable, colloquial) Unintelligible speech or writing.
hébreu Hébreu Hébreuse
(uncountable) The Semitic language spoken by the Hebrew people.
(uncountable) The writing system used in Hebrew language.

Hebrew Bible pn
Bible hébraïque
The sacred texts of Judaism, consisting of the Law (Torah), the Prophets, and the Hagiographa.

Hebrews pn
Hébreux
(biblical) The nineteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to the Hebrews.

Hebridean /ˌhɛbɹəˈdiːən/ /ˌhɛbɹɪˈdiːən/ more Hebridean most Hebridean adj
hébridéen
Of or pertaining to the Hebrides.

Hebrides /ˈhɛbɹədiːz/ pn
Hébrides
The islands off the west coast of Scotland, divided into the Inner Hebrides and the Outer Hebrides.

Hebron pn
Hébron
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A surname.

Hecate /ˈhɛkəti/ /ˈhɛkɪt/ pn
Hécate
The powerful goddess, in Greek mythology, of magic, crossroads, fire, light, the moon, and the underworld. Her Roman counterpart is Trivia.

Hecatoncheires /ˌhɛkətɒŋˈkaɪɹiːz/ n
Hécatonchires
(Greek mythology) Three monstrous giants of enormous size and strength, each with fifty heads and one hundred arms, who were offspring of Uranus by Gaia, whom Zeus freed from captivity and who in return aided the Olympians in the Titanomachy.

Hector /ˈhɛktə/ /ˈhɛktɚ/ pn
Hector
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A Trojan hero in Homer's Iliad.
A en given name

Hecuba /ˈhɛkjʊbə/ pn
Hécube
(Greek mythology) the wife of King Priam of Troy, the mother of Hector, Paris and the Cassandra

Hedone pn
Hédoné
(Greek god) The Greek goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. Her Roman counterpart is Voluptas.

Hedwig pn
Edwige Havoise
A en given name

Hegel /ˈheɪɡəl/ pn
Hegel
A surname from German, notably borne by the German philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel.

Hegelian /heɪˈɡeɪlɪən/ /heɪˈɡiːlɪən/ /həˈɡeɪli.ən/ /hɪˈɡiːlɪən/ more Hegelian most Hegelian adj
hégélien hegelien hegélien hégelien
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophical system of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831).

Heideggerian more Heideggerian most Heideggerian adj
heideggerien heideggérien
Of or pertaining to German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) or his works.

Heideggerianize v
heideggerianiser heideggérianiser
(transitive) To make Heideggerian.

Heidelberg /ˈhaɪdəlbɜːɡ/ pn
Heidelberg
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle pn
principe d'incertitude d'Heisenberg
(physics, quantum mechanics) The principle that there is an absolute limit on the combined accuracy of certain pairs of simultaneous, related measurements, especially that of the position and momentum of a particle. Originally posited as a problem of measurement, it was soon refined as an inherent property of the universe.

Hejaz /hɪˈdʒɑːz/ pn
Hedjaz
The mountainous area of northwest Saudi Arabia which gave rise to early Islam and which contains the sites of many holy places.
An independent kingdom in the area between 1924 and 1932, when it merged with Najd to form the present Saudi Arabia.

Hel pn
Hel
(religion, Norse mythology) The goddess of the realm of the unheroic dead, a daughter of Loki by the jotun Angrboða.

Helen /ˈhɛlən/ Helens pn
Hélène
(Greek mythology) the daughter of Zeus and Leda, considered to be the most beautiful woman in the world; her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War.
A en given name.

Helenus pn
Hélénos
(Greek mythology) the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy, the twin brother of the prophetess Cassandra.

Heligoland /ˈhɛlɪɡoʊlænd/ /ˈhɛlɪɡə(ʊ)ˌlənd/ pn
Heligoland
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Heliogabalus /ˌhiː.li.oʊˈɡæb.ə.ləs/ /ˌhiː.li.əʊˈɡæb.ə.ləs/ /ˌhiː.li.əˈɡæb.ə.ləs/ pn
Héliogabale
Synonym of Elagabalus (“Roman emperor, noted for decadence, eccentricity, femininity, and disregard for Roman religious traditions and sexual taboos”).

Helios /ˈhiːliɒs/ pn
Hélios
(Greek god) The god of the Sun; son of Hyperion and Theia, brother of Selene and Eos, father of Phaeton amongst others. His Roman counterpart is Sol.

Hellas pn
Grèce Hellade
Greece; (specifically) Ancient Greece.

Hellenic /həˈlɛnɪk/ more Hellenic most Hellenic adj
hellène hellénique
Of or relating to the ancient Greek culture and civilization before the Hellenistic period.
hellénique
Of or relating to Hellas (Greece) or the Hellenes (Greeks).

Hellenic /həˈlɛnɪk/ pn
hellénique
The Greek language and its dialects from the earliest records (Linear B inscriptions, about 1600-1300 B.C.E.) to the present Modern Greek.

Hellenic Republic pn
République hellénique
The official English name of Greece.

Hellenism Hellenisms n
hellénisme
The modern-day revival of the polytheistic religious system of Ancient Greece and Rome

Hellenist /ˈhɛl.ə.nɪst/ /ˈhɛl.ɪ.nɪst/ Hellenists n
helléniste
A specialist in the study of Greek language, literature, culture, or history, or an admirer of the Greek culture and civilization.

Hellenistic /ˈhɛlənɪstɪk/ more Hellenistic most Hellenistic adj
hellénistique
Of or relating to the period of the Greek culture, history, or art after the death of Alexander the Great (323 B.C.) to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian (31 B.C.) – though this end-point is often debated, and can range from 146BC to 330AD [*].

Hellenize v
helléniser
(intransitive) To use the language and culture of the ancient Greeks, to become Hellenistic.

Helleno- prefix
helleno-
Relating to Greece and/or Greek culture, either ancient or modern.

Hellenocentric more Hellenocentric most Hellenocentric adj
hellénocentriste
Emphasizing the Greeks, their culture or what is in their language.

Hellespont /ˈhɛl.ɪ.spɒnt/ /ˈhɛl.ɪs.pɑnt/ pn
Hellespont
(historical) The strait connecting the Sea of Marmara with the Aegean Sea to the west.

Heloise /hɛləʊˈiːz/ pn
Héloïse Éloïse

Helsingborg /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːɡ/ /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːɹ(jə)/ /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːɹi/ /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɜːɡ/ /ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːɹi/ pn
Helsimbourg Helsingborg
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Helsinki /hɛlˈsɪŋ.ki/ pn
Helsinki Helsingfors
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Helsinkian adj
helsinkien
Of, from, or pertaining to Helsinki

Helvetian adj
helvète
From the ancient country of Helvetia

Helvetian Helvetians n
Helvète
Someone from the ancient country of Helvetia

Helvetii pn
Helvètes
(historical) A Gallic tribe that occupied the plain of Switzerland.

Helvetism Helvetisms n
helvétisme
(countable) A characteristically Swiss phrase, behaviour, etc.

Helvétius /hɛlˈviʃəs/ pn
Helvétius
A surname from French, notably borne by Claude Adrien Helvétius, a French philosopher and littérateur

Hemera /ˈhɛməɹə/ pn
Héméra
(Greek god) The personification and elemental goddess of the day. Her husband is Aether.

Hendaye pn
Hendaye
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Henrietta /hɛnˈɹiː.ɛt.ə/ Henriettas pn
Henriette
A en given name.
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Henry /ˈhɛn.ɹi/ pn
Henri
A en given name, popular in England since Middle Ages; the name of eight kings.

Hepburn pn
méthode Hepburn
A system of romanization of Japanese, short for "Hepburn romanization".

Hephaestus /hɪˈfiːstəs/ /hɪˈfɛstəs, -eɪstəs/ pn
Héphaïstos
(Greek god) The god of fire, smithwork, metallurgy, volcanoes, and artisans, who served as blacksmith of the gods. His Roman counterpart is Vulcan.

Her Majesty pronoun
Sa Majesté
(formal) A title of respect used when referring to a queen.

Hera /ˈhɪəɹə/ /ˈhɪɹə/ /ˈhɪːɹə/ pn
Héra
(Greek god) The queen of the gods, and goddess of marriage and birth; daughter of Cronus and Rhea, sister and wife of Zeus, mother of Hephaestus, Ares, Hebe, and Enyo.

Heracles /ˈhɛɹəkliːz/ pn
Héraclès
(Greek mythology) : Son of Zeus and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.

Heraclitus /he(ɪ).ɹɑ(ː)ˈkli(ː).tus/ /hɛɹ.əˈkli(ː).təs/ /ˌhɛɹ.əˈklaɪ.təs/ pn
Héraclite
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Heraclitus of Ephesus, a pre-Socratic Ionian philosopher

Heraclius /ˌhɛrəˈklaɪəs/ pn
Héraclius
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by several Byzantine emperors and Georgian kings

Herculaneum /ˌhɜɹkjəˈleɪni.əm/ /ˌhɜːkjuˈleɪni.əm/ pn
Herculanum
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError which was entirely destroyed by the same eruption of Vesuvius that also turned Pompeii into a ruin

Herculean /hɜːɹˈkjuːliən/ /ˌhɜːɹkjəˈliːən/ more Herculean most Herculean adj
herculéen
Of extraordinary might, power, size, etc.; suggesting Hercules in size or strength.
Requiring a huge amount of work; of extraordinary difficulty.

Hercules /ˈhɜːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɜːkjʊliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjəliːz/ /ˈhɝːkjʊliːz/ Hercules Hercules's Herculeses Herculesses pn
Hercule
(Roman mythology) The Roman name for the Greek divine hero Heracles, who was the son of Jupiter and Alcmene, a celebrated hero who possessed exceptional strength. Most famous for his 12 labours performed to redeem himself after killing his family.
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It lies between the constellations Lyra and Corona Borealis.

Hereford /ˈhɛɹɨfəd/ /ˈhɝfɚd/ Herefords pn
Hereford
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Herm pn
Herm
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Herman /ˈhɜːmən/ /ˈhɝmən/ Hermans pn
Armand
A en given name.

Hermaphroditus /hɚˌmæf.ɹəˈdaɪ.təs/ pn
Hermaphrodite
(Greek god) The son of Hermes and Aphrodite who merged bodies with a naiad.

Hermenegild pn
Herménégilde

Hermes /ˈhɝmiːz/ pn
Hermès
(Greek god) The herald and messenger of the gods, and the god of roads, commerce, invention, cunning, and theft.

Hermione /həˈmaɪ.ə.nɪ/ /hɚˈmaɪ.ə.ni/ pn
Hermione
(Greek mythology) Daughter of Helen and Menelaus, wife of Orestes.

Hermitian /hɜː(ɹ)ˈmɪʃən/ adj
hermitien
(mathematics, of an operator) Equal to its own transpose conjugate.

Herod /ˈhɛɹəd/ pn
Hérode
The name of any of a number of members of the Herodian dynasty who ruled in the Roman province of Judea, most notably Herod the Great, who ordered the Massacre of the Innocents, or Herod Antipas, his son, who met Jesus during his Passion.

Herodotus /həˈɹɑːdətəs/ /həˈɹɒdətəs/ pn
Hérodote
An ancient historian who lived from 484 to 425 BC.

Herostratus pn
Érostrate
an Ancient Greek arsonist who destroyed the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, in order to become famous

Hertz pn
Hertz
A surname from German.

Hertzian more Hertzian most Hertzian adj
hertzien
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to Heinrich Hertz and his work.

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams n
diagramme de Hertzsprung-Russell
(astronomy) A graphic representation of the absolute magnitude of stars against their color (or surface temperature), which shows the main sequence of stars plus the white dwarfs and red giants.

Hervey Bay /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vi ˈbeɪ/ pn
Hervey Bay
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Herzeg-Bosnia pn
Herzég-Bosnie
A short-lived, unrecognised political entity that existed during the Bosnian war, consisting of the Croat communities of Bosnia.

Herzegovina /ˌhɜɹtsəɡoʊˈviːnə/ /ˌhɜːtsəˈɡɒvɪnə/ pn
Herzégovine
Southern wedge of the country of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Represents a geographic and historic entity, not an administrative unit.

Hesiod /ˈhiː.si.əd/ /ˈhɛs.i.əd/ pn
Hésiode
Ancient Greek poet and rhapsodist of the 8th century BCE, known as the first author of didactic verse

Hesperia /hɛˈspɪəɹi.ə/ pn
Hespérie
Literally "western land", a term poetically applied by Ancient Greeks to Italy and by Romans to the Iberian Peninsula and Western Africa.
(Greek mythology) One of the Hesperides.

Hesperides /hɛˈspɛɹɪdiːz/ n
Hespérides
(Greek mythology) A group of nymphs who tend a blissful garden filled with trees that grew golden apples in a far western corner of the world, located in Libya or the Atlas Mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus; they are said to be the daughters of Hesperus.

Hesse Hesses pn
Hesse
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Hessian /ˈhɛsɪən/ /ˈhɛsɪɛn/ /ˈhɛʃən/ more Hessian most Hessian adj
hessois
Of, from or relating to Hesse in Germany.
Of or relating to the German mathematician Otto Hesse (1811–1874).

Hessian /ˈhɛsɪən/ /ˈhɛsɪɛn/ /ˈhɛʃən/ Hessians n
Hessois
A native or inhabitant of Hesse.

Hestia /ˈhɛsti.ə/ pn
Hestia
(Greek god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, and the household, and therefore of domestic life.

Hethumid adj
héthoumide
Of or pertaining to the Hethumids: an Armenian dynasty who ruled the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia as princes and kings.

Hettangian pn
Hettangien
The corresponding lowest stage of the Jurassic system, marked by the lowest strata in which the neoammonite genus Psiloceras appears.

Heymans Heymanses pn
Heymans

Hezbollah /-bɒ-/ /ˈhɛz.bə.lə/ /ˌhɛz.bəˈlɑ/ /ˌhɛzˈboʊ.lɑ/ pn
Hezbollah
A political and military Shi'a Islamic organization that arose after the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon.

Hezekiah /ˌhɛzəˈkaɪə/ pn
Ézéchias
A king of Judah. (biblical character)

Hidalgo Hidalgos pn
Hidalgo
(countable) A surname from Spanish.

Hierocles /ˈhaɪəɹəkliːz/ pn
Hiéroclès
A en given name

Hieronymus Hieronymuses pn
Gérôme Jérôme
A surname transferred from the given name.

Higgs boson Higgs bosons n
boson de Higgs
(particle) An elementary particle in the Standard Model, namely a boson with zero spin, that gives mass to other particles.

Higgsino Higgsinos n
higgsino
(physics) The superpartner of the Higgs boson.

High Commission High Commissions n
haut-commissariat
The embassy of a Commonwealth country in another Commonwealth country.

High Fens /ˈhaɪ̯ˈfɛnz/ pn
Hautes Fagnes
A boggy region in eastern Belgium and western Germany.

High German High Germans n
haut allemand
Any of a group of West Germanic languages or dialects spoken in the southern highlands of Germany.
The standard variety of High German as spoken and written throughout the German language area.

High Holidays pn
grandes fêtes
(Judaism) Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, collectively.

High Mass High Masses n
grand-messe
A Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated in full ceremonial form, in which the celebrant is generally assisted by a deacon and, in the Tridentine form, a subdeacon, and accompanied by acolytes, a thurifer, and a choir.

High Middle Ages pn
Moyen Âge central
(history) The period of European history, between the Early Middle Ages and the Late Middle Ages, that saw great social and political change.

Highlander Highlanders n
highlander
A person from the Highlands.

Highlands pn
Hautes-Terres Highlands
The mountainous northern area of Scotland.

Highness Highnesses n
altesse
The style of a prince, princess or someone of equivalent rank.

Highway Code pn
code de la route
The official road safety manual for the United Kingdom, covering pedestrians, animals, cyclists, motorcyclists and drivers.

Hijra /ˈhɪd͡ʒɹə/ n
hégire
The flight of Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib (later Medina) in 622 ce, which forms the first year of the Islamic era (ah 1).

Hilbert space Hilbert spaces n
espace de Hilbert
(functional analysis) A generalized Euclidean space in which mathematical functions take the place of points; crucial to the understanding of quantum mechanics and other applications.

Hilda /ˈhɪldə/ pn
Hilda
A en given name used since Middle Ages.

Hilversum pn
Hilversum
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Himalayan adj
himalayen
Of or relating to the Himalayas.

Himalayan salt n
sel de l'Himalaya
A form of rock salt from the Punjab region, sometimes pinkish in colour, used for seasoning food and for making decorative lamps etc.

Himalayas /hɪˈmɑl.ə.jəz/ /ɦɪ.ˈmaː.lə.jəz/ /ˌhɪm.əˈleɪ.əz/ pn
Himalaya
The mountain range in south-central Asia which extends about 2,414 km (1,500 mi) through Kashmir, northern India, southern Tibet, Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Assam; it contains nine of the world’s ten highest peaks, including Mount Everest/Qomolongma.

Himeros pn
Himéros
(Greek mythology) The Greek god of uncontrollable desire, often depicted as a winged child attendant to Aphrodite.

Hindi /ˈhɪndi/ pn
hindî hindi
The Central Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. These are also spoken in Fiji, Guyana and as a second language by Indians in many other countries.

Hindu /ˈhɪnduː/ Hindus n
hindou hindoue indou indoue
A person adhering to the Hindu religion (Hinduism).

Hinduism /ˈhɪnduɪzəm/ Hinduisms pn
hindouisme indouisme
A religion, philosophy and culture native to India, characterized by the belief in reincarnation and a supreme oneness personified in many forms and natures.

Hinduphobic more Hinduphobic most Hinduphobic adj
hinduphobe
Having or showing a dislike of, prejudice, or hatred against Hindus.

Hindustan pn
Hindustan
(colloquial) The entire country of India.
(dated) The entire region of the Indian subcontinent.
(obsolete) The northern (properly north central) region of India.

Hindustani pn
hindoustani
The Delhi dialect of that language.

Hippocrates /hɪˈpɒkɹəˌtiːz/ pn
Hippocrate
An Ancient Greek en given name, notably borne by Hippocrates of Cos, an Ancient Greek physician, circa 5th century BC, sometimes called the "father of medicine."

Hippocratic more Hippocratic most Hippocratic adj
hippocratique
Pertaining to Hippocrates

Hippocratic oath Hippocratic oaths n
serment d'Hippocrate
(medicine) An oath sworn by newly-qualified physicians that they will observe the medical ethics that derived from Hippocrates.

Hippocrene /ˈhɪpəkɹiːn/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɹiːni/ pn
Hippocrène
(Greek mythology) A fountain on Mount Helicon, sacred to the Muses and formed by the hooves of Pegasus, the waters of which were supposed to give poetic inspiration when imbibed.

Hippodamian adj
hippodamien

Hirnantian pn
Hirnantien

Hirschsprung's disease n
maladie de Hirschsprung
(medicine) Congenital aganglionic megacolon, a disorder in which the bowel is obstructed by an aganglionic section of bowel and the colon becomes enlarged.

His Beatitude Their Beatitudes pronoun
Sa Béatitude

His Holiness Their Holinesses n
Sa Sainteté
An honorific or title used to refer to a high-ranking religious leader.

His Imperial Majesty pronoun
Sa Majesté impériale
(formal) he; him (in reference to a (male) emperor)

His Majesty pronoun
Sa Majesté
(formal) A title of respect used when referring to a king.

His Royal Highness pronoun
Son Altesse royale
A title given to certain male members of a royal family, abbreviated HRH.

Hispanic /hɪˈspænɪk/ more Hispanic most Hispanic adj
hispanique
(colloquial) Of or relating to a Spanish-speaking people or culture, as in Latin America.

Hispanic America pn
Amérique hispanique
The region comprising the countries in the Americas inhabited by Spanish-speaking people

Hispanicism /hɪˈspænɪsɪzm̩/ Hispanicisms n
hispanisme
(linguistics) A Spanish-language item as it appears in another language.

Hispanicize v
hispaniser
(transitive) To make Spanish, as to customs, culture, pronunciation, or style.
(transitive) To translate into Spanish.

Hispaniola /hɪsˌpæniˈoʊlə/ /hɪsˌpæniˈəʊlə/ /ˌhɪspənˈjoʊlə/ pn
Hispaniola
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Hispaniolan crossbill Hispaniolan crossbills n
bec-croisé d'Hispaniola
Loxia megaplaga, a crossbill that is endemic to Hispaniola (Haiti and Dominican Republic), and the only one of its genus in the Caribbean.

Hispano- prefix
hispano-
Relating to Spain and Spanish culture.

Hispanophone adj
hispanophone
Spanish-speaking

Hispanophone Hispanophones n
hispanophone
A speaker of the Spanish language

Hit pn
Hit

Hitchcockian more Hitchcockian most Hitchcockian adj
hitchcockien
Of or pertaining to Alfred Hitchcock (1899–1980), British filmmaker and producer, or his works, especially noted for suspense and psychothrillers.

Hitler /ˈhɪtlɚ/ pn
Hitler
Ellipsis of w:Adolf Hitler; Führer of the Nazi Party and chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; particularly as the embodiment of Nazism.

Hitler Youth pn
Jeunesses hitlériennes

Hitlerian more Hitlerian most Hitlerian adj
hitlérien
Of, relating to, or resembling Hitler (the German chancellor) or his actions.

Hitlerism n
hitlérisme
The political philosophy and practices of Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party.

Hitlerite Hitlerites n
hitlérien hitlérienne
A supporter of Adolf Hitler's regime.

Hittite /ˈhɪ.taɪt/ pn
hittite
An ancient Indo-European language of the Anatolian branch, attested from the 16th century BC until the 13th century BC.

Hlai n
Hlaï
The largest minority ethnic group in Hainan, China.

Hlai pn
hlaï
A Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in Hainan, China.

Hlyniany pn
Hlyniany
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Hmong /h(ə)ˈmɑŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɒŋ/ /h(ə)ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmɑŋ/ /ˈmɒŋ/ /ˈmɔŋ/ /ˈmʌŋ/ n
hmong
A people who live predominantly in the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand, and (in diaspora) around the world.

Hoabinhian adj
hoabianien
(archaeology) Of, relating to, or exhibiting the features of the prehistoric Hòa Bình culture of Southeast Asia, characterised by certain types of stone artifact.

Hobbesian more Hobbesian most Hobbesian adj
hobbesien
(philosophy) Of, relating to, or influenced by Thomas Hobbes or his philosophical theories.

Hobbesianism n
hobbesianisme hobbisme
The philosophical system of Thomas Hobbes; support for this system.

Hodgkin's lymphoma Hodgkin's lymphomas n
Lymphome de Hodgkin
(disease, oncology) A malignant lymphoid neoplasm characterized by the formation of large tumour cells (Reed-Sternberg cells) in the lymph nodes.

Hofstadter's law pn
loi de Hofstadter
The self-referential adage that a task always takes longer than expected, even when Hofstadter's law is taken into account.

Hogwarts /ˈhɒɡ.wɔːts/ /ˈhɒɡ.wəts/ /ˈhɔɡ.wɔɹts/ /ˈhɔɡ.wɚts/ pn
Poudlard
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, a school for learning magic in J.K. Rowling's Harry Potter series.

Hokkaido /hɒˈkaɪdəʊ/ /həˈkaɪdəʊ/ pn
Hokkaido Hokkaïdo
The second largest island of Japan, capital Sapporo.

Holi pn
Holî
A Hindu festival, held in the spring, in which people throw coloured powders at each other during noisy street celebrations.

Holiness Holinesses n
sainteté
(countable) Used in connection with His or Your to address the leader of some religious traditions, notably the pope.

Holland /ˈhɑlənd/ /ˈhɒlənd/ pn
Hollande
An English habitational surname from Middle English for someone from the Netherlands.

Hollywood /ˈhɒl.i.wʊd/ [ˈhɑɫ.i.wʊd] [ˈhɒɫ.i.wʊd] Hollywoods pn
Hollywood
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(metonym) The American motion picture industry, regardless of location.

Holmesian more Holmesian most Holmesian adj
holmesien
Of or pertaining to the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes or his investigations, methods, or sayings.

Holmesian Holmesians n
holmesien
A fan of the character Sherlock Holmes; one who studies or enjoys the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Holocaust /ˈhɑləkɑst/ /ˈhɑləkɔst/ /ˈhɒləkɔːst/ Holocausts pn
Holocauste
Shoah
(historical, narrowly) The systematic mass murder (genocide) of six million Jews perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.
(historical, broadly) The systematic mass murder (democide) of somewhere between eleven and fourteen million people, namely six million Jews and from five to eight million others (including Romanis, Slavs, homosexuals, and people with physical and mental disabilities), perpetrated by Nazi Germany shortly before and during World War II.

Holocene /ˈhɒl.əˌsiːn/ adj
holocène
(geology) Of a geologic epoch within the Quaternary period from about the year 10 000 BC to the present; the age of man.

Holocene /ˈhɒl.əˌsiːn/ pn
Holocène
(geology) The Holocene epoch.

Holodomor /ˌhɒlədəˈmɔː(ɹ)/ Holodomors pn
Holodomor
(historical, rare) А famine with mass deaths, especially one of the Soviet famines in 1921–22, 1932–33, or 1946–47.

Holofernes /hɑːləˈfɝːniːz/ /hɒləˈfɜːniːz/ pn
Holopherne
a character in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith, an invading general of Nebuchadnezzar, beheaded by Judith.

Holy Communion pn
eucharistie
A Christian sacrament commemorating the Last Supper of Christ, with the physical forms of bread and usually wine which are believed by certain denominations to become Christ himself or to host his spiritual presence.

Holy Family pn
Sainte Famille
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and Joseph.

Holy Father pn
Dieu le Père
God or God the Father (in various Christian churches)

Holy Grail Holy Grails pn
Saint-Graal Graal
(Arthurian mythology) An artifact in Arthurian mythology, being the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper and in which some of his blood was caught during the crucifixion.

Holy Land pn
Terre Sainte
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) That part of the Middle East, consisting mostly of Israel and Palestine, in which most Biblical events are set.

Holy Prepuce Holy Prepuces n
saint Prépuce
Any of several sacred or holy foreskins (Latin sānctum praepūtium) allegedly from the circumcision of the baby Jesus on the eighth day of his life.

Holy Roman Empire pn
Saint-Empire romain de la nation germanique Saint-Empire romain germanique
(history) A political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe from at least 962 C.E. until 1806. [from 17th c.]

Holy See /ˌhəʊli ˈsiː/ pn
Saint-Siège
The episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope. It is the preeminent see of the Catholic Church. It is also the sovereign entity headed by the Pope which governs the Vatican and represents the Catholic Church in temporal affairs.

Holy Spirit pn
Saint-Esprit Esprit-Saint
(Christianity) The person (hypostasis) of the Trinity or Godhead corresponding to divine essence present in the faithful (particularly inspired prophets) and considered to proceed either from (Eastern Orthodoxy) God the Father alone or (Roman Catholicism) from Him together with God the Son.

Holy Trinity pn
Sainte Trinité
(Christianity) The three persons of the Godhead: the Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Holy Week pn
semaine sainte
The week preceding Easter containing Palm Sunday, Holy Monday, Holy Tuesday, Holy Wednesday (Spy Wednesday), Holy Thursday (Maundy Thursday), Holy Friday (Good Friday), and Holy Saturday.

Holy Writ Holy Writs n
Saintes Écritures Bible
The Bible.

Holy of Holies pn
saint des saints
(by extension) The most sacred place within a sacred building.

Holyokian Holyokians n
Holyokais
A person who was born in or who lives in Holyoke, Massachusetts.

Home Office pn
bureau de l'Intérieur
(British, UK politics) The British government department, headed by the Home Secretary, responsible for security and law enforcement in England and Wales.

Home Secretary Home Secretaries n
[[secrétaire d'État]] à [[l']]Intérieur

Homer /ˈhoʊməɹ/ /ˈhəʊmə/ Homers pn
Homère
Ancient Greek poet; author of the Iliad and the Odyssey.
Omer
A en given name.

Homerian more Homerian most Homerian adj
homérien homérique
Of or relating to Homer, the Ancient Greek poet.

Homeric /hoʊˈmɛɹɪk/ /həʊˈmɛɹɪk/ more Homeric most Homeric adj
homérique
Resembling or relating to the epic poetry of Homer.

Homeric laughter n
rire homérique
Boisterous laughter, prolonged belly laughing; long or uncontrollable laughing.

Homerically more Homerically most Homerically adv
homériquement
In a Homeric manner.

Homocaust pn
homocaust
(rare) The persecution of homosexuals which occurred in Nazi Germany, when seen as constituting systematic destruction of them.

Homs /hɒms/ pn
Homs
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Homsi /ˈhɒmsi/ adj
homsiote
Of or pertaining to Homs.

Homsi /ˈhɒmsi/ Homsis n
Homsiote
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Homs.

Hon. adj
hon.

Honduran more Honduran most Honduran adj
hondurien
Of, from, or pertaining to Honduras or the Honduran people.

Honduran Hondurans n
Hondurien Hondurienne
A person from Honduras or of Honduran descent.

Honduras /hɑnˈdjʊɹ.əs/ /hɑnˈdʊɹ.əs/ /hɒnˈdjʊə.ɹəs/ pn
Honduras
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Hong Kong /ˌhɑŋˈkɑŋ/ /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ /ˌhɔŋˈkɔŋ/ [hɔŋ˥ kʰɔŋ˥] pn
Hong Kong Hongkong Xianggang
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Hongkongese more Hongkongese most Hongkongese adj
hongkongais
Of or relating to Hong Kong, the Hong Kong people, or their language.

Hongkou pn
Hongkou
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Honiara /ˌhəʊnɪˈɑːɹə/ pn
Honiara
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Honolulu /ˌhoʊ.nəˈluː.luː/ /ˌhɒn.əˈluː.luː/ pn
Honolulu
A port on Oahu Island, the capital city of the state of Hawaii in the United States of America.

Honorius pn
Honoré Honorius
A Latin en given name, notably borne by a Roman emperor and several popes.

Honshu /ˈhɑnʃu/ pn
Honshū
The main island of the Japanese Archipelago.

Hooke's law pn
loi de Hooke
(physics) the principle that the stress applied to a solid is directly proportional to the strain produced. This law describes the behavior of springs and solids stressed within their elastic limit.

Hope /ˈhoʊp/ /ˈhəʊp/ Hopes pn
Espérance Nadine Nadège
(rare) A en given name.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ Hopi Hopis n
Hopis
A member of a particular tribe of North American natives.

Hopi /ˈhoʊ.pi/ /ˈhəʊ.pi/ pn
hopi
The Uto-Aztecan language spoken by this North American tribe.

Horace /ˈhɒrɪs/ /ˈhɒɹəs/ /ˈhɔɹəs/ Horaces pn
Horace
Quintus Horatius Flaccus, a poet and philosopher of the Roman Augustan Age (65–8 BCE).
A en given name

Horn of Africa pn
Corne de l'Afrique
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Horned God pn
dieu cornu
(Wicca) The second major supernatural figure in the Wiccan religion, a triune god equal to the Goddess, split into the aspects of the Father, Master, and the Sage.

Horologium pn
Horloge
(astronomy) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a pendulum clock. It lies between the constellations Fornax and Dorado.

Horus [hɔːɹəs] pn
Horus
(Egyptian god) The ancient Egyptian falcon-headed god of the sun, sky, war, and kingship.

Hosea /hoʊˈzeɪə/ /ˌhoʊˈziːə/ pn
Osée
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible.
A Biblical prophet.

Hottentot teal Hottentot teals n
sarcelle hottentote
Anas hottentota, a species of dabbling duck.

Houle Houles pn
Houle

Hounslow /haʊnzləʊ/ pn
Hounslow
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A surname.

House of Commons pn
Chambre des communes
(Canada, politics) The lower house of the Canadian Parliament.

House of Lords pn
Chambre des Lords
The upper chamber of the UK's Houses of Parliament.

House of Representatives pn
Chambre des représentants
The lower house in the bicameral legislatures of several countries; also some singular legislative bodies in unicameral systems.

Houston, we have a problem /ˈ(h)justən ˌwi hæv ə ˈpɹɑbləm/ /ˈh(j)uːst(ə)n ˌwiː hæv ə ˈpɹɒbləm/ phraseologicalUnit
Houston, nous avons un problème
(US, humorous) Used to report that a (major) problem has occurred.

Houstonian more Houstonian most Houstonian adj
houstonien

Houstonian Houstonians n
Houstonien Houstonienne

Houthi /ˈhuːθi/ Houthis n
Houthi

Houthist adj
houthiste

Huaqiao n
Huaqiao
A person or people of Chinese ethnicity, living in a non-Chinese country.

Huard Huards pn
Huard

Hubble constant pn
loi de Hubble
(astronomy) A number that expresses the rate of expansion of the universe; the velocity at which a distant object is receding from the Earth divided by its distance; its reciprocal determines the age of the universe.

Hubble law pn
Loi de Hubble

Hubert /ˈhjubɚt/ Huberts pn
Hubert
A en given name, borne by an 8th-century bishop of Liège, patron saint of hunters.

Hudson Bay pn
baie d'Hudson
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A large arctic sea, surrounded on three sides, by Quebec on the east, Nunavut to the west, Manitoba to the southwest, Ontario on the south, and extending southeast becoming James Bay. To the north lies the Canadian Arctic Archipelago in the Arctic Ocean.

Hudsonian godwit Hudsonian godwits n
barge hudsonienne
An American wader, Limosa haemastica, gathering on the shores of Hudson Bay to migrate to South America each autumn.

Hue /ˈhweɪ/ pn
Hué
A Vietnamese province with that city as its capital.

Huelva /ˈ(h)wɛlvɑ/ pn
Huelva
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Hufflepuff Hufflepuffs n
Poufsouffle
A person having traits associated with Hufflepuff house from the Harry Potter series, including patience, justice, and loyalty or an affinity for badgers or the colours yellow and black.

Hugh /hjuː/ pn
Hugues
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Hugo /ˈhjuɡoʊ/ pn
Hugo
A surname from French.

Hugolatry n
hugolâtrie
The fervent admiration of the works and literary theories of French writer Victor Hugo (1802–1885).

Hugolian more Hugolian most Hugolian adj
hugolien
Of or pertaining to the style of Victor Hugo.

Huguenot /ˈhju.ɡə.nɒt/ /ˈhjuː.ɡə.nəʊ/ [ˈɕu.ɡə.nɒt] Huguenots n
huguenot huguenote
(historical) A member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France during the 16th and 17th century.

Hui pn
hui
A Chinese lect spoken in Southern Anhui and neighbouring Zhejiang and Jiangxi.

Hulagu pn
Houlagou
A Mongol ruler who conquered much of Western Asia; a grandson of Genghis Khan.

Hull /hʊl/ /hʌl/ /ʊl/ Hulls pn
Hull
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Human Genome Project pn
projet génome humain
(genetics) an organized international scientific endeavour to determine the complete structure of human genetic material (DNA), identify all the genes, and to understand their function

Humbert /ˈhʌm.bət/ /ˈhʌm.bəɹt/ pn
Humbert
A en given name, rare in English.

Humboldt penguin Humboldt penguins n
manchot de Humboldt
Spheniscus humboldti, a species of penguin which live in coastal Peru and Chile.

Hume's leaf warbler Hume's leaf warblers n
pouillot de Hume
Phylloscopus humei, a small leaf warbler which breeds in the mountains of inner Asia.

Hun /hʌn/ Huns n
Hun
A member of a nomadic tribe (the Huns) who invaded Europe in the fourth century from Central Asia.

Hundred Years' War pn
guerre de Cent Ans
A series of conflicts between France and England, lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ adj
hongrois
Of, from, or pertaining to the Kingdom of Hungary, during the days of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of ethnicity.

Hungarian /hʌŋˈɡɛə.ɹi.ən/ Hungarians n
Hongrois Hongroise hongrois
A person from the former Kingdom of Hungary, during the Austro-Hungarian Empire, regardless of that person's ethnicity.
hongrois
(uncountable) The main language of Hungary.

Hungarian hound Hungarian hounds n
chien courant de Transylvanie chien courant hongrois
A breed of hunting dog originating in Hungary.

Hungarian notation /hʌŋˈɡɛɹi.ən noʊˈteɪʃən/ n
notation hongroise
(computing, programming) A naming convention in which the name of a variable indicates its data type and intended use by including abbreviations as prefixes.

Hungarism n
hungarisme
(chiefly, historical) The fascist ideology of the Nazi-aligned Arrow Cross Party, which ruled Hungary from 1944 to 1945, and of its predecessors and subsequent far-right supporters.

Hungary /ˈhʌŋ.ɡəɹ.i/ pn
Hongrie
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Hungary water Hungary waters n
eau de la Reine de Hongrie
(historical) One of various early modern perfumes and elixirs made of rosemary, camomile or later lavender infused in various alcohols.

Huningue pn
Huningue
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Hunnic /ˈhʌnɪk/ more Hunnic most Hunnic adj
hunnique
Relating to the Huns.

Hunnic Empire pn
Empire hunnique

Huntington's disease n
maladie de Huntington
(disease, neurology) A hereditary disorder of the basal ganglia that leads to progressive loss of motor coordination.

Hurbache pn
Hurbache
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Hurghada /həɹˈɡæ.də/ /həɹˈɡɑː.də/ pn
Hourghada Hurghada
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Huron /ˈhjɔːɹɒn/ /ˈhjɝɑn/ /ˈhjʊəɹɒn/ /ˈhjʊɹɑn/ Huron Hurons n
Huron

Huronian adj
huronien
Relating to Lake Huron
(geology) Relating to the Huronian glaciation, evidence for which came from Lake Huron

Hus pn
Hus
A surname from Czech, notably borne by Jan Hus, a Czech religious reformer.

Husayn pn
Hussein
(Islam) A son of Ali and brother of Hassan; a martyr, and Shi'a Imam.
A en given name used by Muslims, diminutive of meaning good or handsome.
A Muslim surname from Arabic derived from the Arabic given name.

Hussite Hussites n
hussite
A follower of the teachings of the Christian reformer Jan Hus.

Hussitism pn
hussitisme
(Christianity, historical) A religious reform and nationalistic movement of the Bohemian Reformation, based on the teachings of Jan Hus.

Hutterite Hutterites n
huttérite
A member of a communal branch of Anabaptists founded by Jakob Hutter.

Hyacinth pn
Hyacinthe
A en given name. One of the less common flower names used since the 19th century.

Hyacinthus /ˌhaɪəˈsɪnθəs/ pn
Hyacinthe
(Greek mythology) A Spartan youth loved and accidentally killed by Apollo. The flower hyacinth sprang from his blood.

Hyblaean Mountains pn
montagnes hybléen
A mountain range in south-eastern Sicily.

Hyderabad /ˈhaɪdəɹəbɑːd/ pn
Hyderābād
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Hydra /ˈhaɪ̯dɹə/ [ˈhaɪ̯dɹə] [ˈhaɪ̯d͡ʒɹə] pn
Hydre de Lerne
(Greek mythology) A mythological serpent with many heads, slain by Hercules as one of his twelve labours.
Hydre
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a serpent. It lies just south of the zodiac and contains the star Alphard.
Hydra Hydre
(astronomy) One of Pluto's moons.

Hydriot more Hydriot most Hydriot adj
hydriote

Hydrus pn
Hydre mâle
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a small serpent. It lies between the constellations Mensa and Tucana. It is not to be confused with the constellation Hydra.

Hygiea pn
Hygie
(Greek god) Ancient Greek goddess of health, cleanliness, and sanitation. Her Roman name is Hygēa/Hygīa or Salus.
(astronomy) the tenth asteroid discovered, and fourth largest, (10) Hygiea.

Hygieia pn
Hygie
(Greek deities) The goddess and personification of health and healthiness, a daughter of Asclepius and Epione.

Hypatia pn
Hypatie
(historical) Hypatia of Alexandria (born c. AD 350–370; died 415), an Ancient Greek mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher, and head of the Neoplatonic school at Alexandria.

Hyperion /haɪˈpɪɹi.ən/ pn
Hypérion
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Gaia and Uranus and the father of Helios, Selene and Eos.

Hypnos /ˈhɪpnoʊs/ /ˈhɪpnɒs/ pn
Hypnos
(Greek god) The god and personification of sleep. The son of Nyx and Erebus, twin brother of Thanatos, husband of Pasithea, and the father of the Oneiroi. His Roman counterpart is Somnus.

Hypsipyle /hɪpˈsɪpɪliː/ pn
Hypsipyle
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Thoas and Myrina, queen of Lemnos at the time of the curse by Aphrodite, the island’s subsequent androcide, and the Argonauts’ two-year sojourn on the island, during which time she bore Jason twin sons.

Hérault pn
Hérault
A river of that department.

I /aɪ/ [aɪ̯] [aː] [ɑe̯] pronoun
je moi
The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical subject, of a sentence.
(nonstandard) The speaker or writer, referred to as the grammatical object, of a sentence.

I Ching /ˌiː ˈt͡ʃɪŋ/ pn
Yi-King
A Chinese classic text describing an ancient system of cosmology and philosophy which is at the heart of traditional Chinese cultural beliefs.

I am English phraseologicalUnit
je suis anglais je suis anglaise
Indicates that the speaker is from England.

I am HIV positive phraseologicalUnit
je suis séropositif
Indicates that the speaker is a carrier of the human immunodeficiency virus.

I am a doctor phraseologicalUnit
je suis médecin
I am a doctor (a physician, a member of the medical profession)

I beg your pardon phraseologicalUnit
plaît-il je vous demande pardon pardon

I came, I saw, I conquered phraseologicalUnit
je suis venu, j’ai vu, j’ai vaincu je vins, je vis, je vainquis
I have gained a total and swift victory.

I can't find my ... phraseologicalUnit
je ne peux pas trouver ma ... je ne peux pas trouver mes ... je ne peux pas trouver mon ...
Said after losing something.

I can't swim phraseologicalUnit
je ne sais pas nager
Indicates the speaker does not know how to swim.

I could eat a horse phraseologicalUnit
avoir une faim de loup
(idiomatic, hyperbole) I am very hungry; short form of "I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse."

I do phraseologicalUnit
oui
A traditional phrase said upon acceptance of marriage.

I don't care phraseologicalUnit
je m'en branle je m'en fous je m'en bats les couilles je m’en fiche je ne m'inquiète pas ça m'est égal
Indicates that the speaker has no interest or emotional investment in the topic at hand.

I don't drive phraseologicalUnit
je ne conduis pas
I don't drive (a car, a vehicle)

I don't eat fish phraseologicalUnit
je ne mange pas de poisson
Indicates that the speaker does not eat fish.

I don't eat meat phraseologicalUnit
je ne mange pas de viande
Indicates that the speaker does not eat meat.

I don't eat pork phraseologicalUnit
je ne mange pas de porc
Indicates that the speaker does not eat pork.

I don't know [-˩˥˨] [mː-] [ɑ̈ɪ̯ ɾoʊ̯(ʔ)(t̚) noʊ̯] [ə̃ː˦˩˦] phraseologicalUnit
je ne sais pas je sais pas
A phrase used in response to a question or command in which the target person does not know the answer to or how to respond.

I don't speak English phraseologicalUnit
je ne parle pas anglais je ne parle pas français
Indicates that the speaker is unable to speak the English language.

I don't think so /aɪ dəʊnt θɪŋk səʊ/ /aː doʊnt θɪŋk soʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
je ne crois pas je ne pense pas
I think what has been said is untrue.
je ne crois pas
(sarcastic) No, absolutely not (used to refuse or decline something proposed).

I don't understand phraseologicalUnit
je ne comprends pas
Indicates that the speaker is not understanding the current subject or situation.

I don't want it phraseologicalUnit
je ne la veux pas je ne le veux pas
Indicates that the speaker does not want to take something that is being offered.

I don't want to buy anything phraseologicalUnit
je ne veux rien acheter
I don't want to buy anything

I hate you phraseologicalUnit
je te déteste je te hais je vous déteste je vous hais
Expression of hatred, or intense disdain or dislike directed at someone. Some might invoke this phrase without literal implication, such as unselectively and uncontrolledly directing the phrase to innocent surrounding people as a result of difficult life circumstances, or jokingly in reponse to being pranked. Such uses should be avoided, however.

I have AIDS phraseologicalUnit
j'ai le SIDA je suis sidéen je suis sidéenne
Indicates that the speaker has acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

I have a cold /aɪ hæv ə koʊld/ phraseologicalUnit
j'ai un rhume
I am suffering from a cold.

I have a disability phraseologicalUnit
j'ai un handicap
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I have a fever phraseologicalUnit
j'ai de la fièvre
Indicates that the speaker has an abnormally high body temperature, which is usually a symptom of a disease.

I have a headache phraseologicalUnit
j'ai mal à la tête
Indicates that the speaker's head hurts.

I have a question phraseologicalUnit
j'ai une question
Indicates that the speaker wants to ask a question.

I have a toothache phraseologicalUnit
j'ai mal aux dents
Indicates that the speaker's tooth hurts.

I have asthma phraseologicalUnit
j'ai de l'asthme je fais de l'asthme
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with asthma

I have cancer phraseologicalUnit
j'ai un cancer
Indicates that the speaker is afflicted with some form of cancer.

I have diabetes phraseologicalUnit
j'ai du diabète je fais du diabète
Indicates that the speaker has diabetes.

I have high blood pressure phraseologicalUnit
je fais de l'hypertension
Indicates that the speaker has hypertension (high blood pressure).

I have low blood pressure phraseologicalUnit
je fais de l'hypotension
Indicates that the speaker has hypotension (low blood pressure).

I have no money phraseologicalUnit
je n'ai pas d'argent
Indicates that the speaker has no money.

I hear you say phraseologicalUnit
me diras-tu me direz-vous

I kid you not phraseologicalUnit
ce [[n'est]] pas une blague

I know phraseologicalUnit
je le sais je sais je sais bien
A response used to indicate that speaker was in agreement with the preceding statement before it was made.

I know you are but what am I phraseologicalUnit
c'est celui qui dit qui l'est c'est celui qui dit qui y est
(rhetorical question, colloquial, childish) Assertion that an insult made by the party to whom the phrase is directed is actually true of that party, and not of the person using the phrase. Usually considered to be a playground taunt.

I like you phraseologicalUnit
je t'aime tu me plais vous me plaisez
Indicates that the speaker likes the interlocutor.

I live in Melbourne phraseologicalUnit
[[je|j']]habite Melbourne [[je|j']]habite à Melbourne je vis à Melbourne
Explains that the person lives in Melbourne (example city).

I lost my glasses phraseologicalUnit
j'ai perdu mes lunettes
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her glasses.

I lost my handbag phraseologicalUnit
j'ai perdu mon sac à main
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her handbag.

I lost my keys phraseologicalUnit
j'ai perdu mes clés
(US) Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her keys.

I lost my wallet phraseologicalUnit
j'ai perdu mon portefeuille
Indicates that the speaker has lost his or her wallet.

I love you /aɪ ˈlʌv juː/ phraseologicalUnit
je t'aime je vous aime
An affirmation of affection or deep caring, especially to a family member.
je t'aime je t'adore je vous adore je vous aime
An affirmation of romantic feeling to a lover or spouse.

I miss you phraseologicalUnit
tu me manques
An expression of sorrow or sadness about the absence of a family member, close friend, lover or spouse.

I must go phraseologicalUnit
je dois y aller
I must leave

I need ... phraseologicalUnit
il me faut ... j'ai besoin de ...
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I need a guide phraseologicalUnit
il me faut un guide de voyage j'ai besoin d'un guide je cherche un guide
Indicates that the speaker needs a person to guide him or her.
il me faut un guide de voyage
Indicates that the speaker needs a book or document to guide him or her.

I need to vomit /aɪ nid tu ˈvɑmit/ phraseologicalUnit
j'ai envie de vomir
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I rest my case phraseologicalUnit
[[j']]en ai fini j'en ai fini de ma démonstration
(legal) My argument is proven; I conclude my statement.
point barre un point c'est tout
(idiomatic) The previous encapsulates my view.

I see phraseologicalUnit
je vois

I see, said the blind man phraseologicalUnit
bien vu l'aveugle
(idiomatic) Expressing confusion.

I think so phraseologicalUnit
je le pense je pense bien je pense que oui
I believe that is the case, but am not certain.

I think therefore I am phraseologicalUnit
je pense donc je suis
(philosophy) I am able to think, therefore I exist. A philosophical proof of existence based on the fact that someone capable of any form of thought necessarily exists.

I told you so phraseologicalUnit
je te l'avais bien dit
Used to remind someone that they were already warned by the speaker/writer that a certain event would happen.

I want to go to the toilet phraseologicalUnit
j’ai envie d’aller aux toilettes
Indicates that the speaker feels the urge to go the toilet.

I want to know phraseologicalUnit
je veux savoir
A request for information.

I was born in ... phraseologicalUnit
je suis né en ... je suis née en ...
I was born in ... (year).
je suis né à ... je suis née à ...
I was born in ... (place name).

I wish phraseologicalUnit
j'aurais aimé que si seulement
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to express the speaker's wish that the preceding statement were true

I'd like to kiss you phraseologicalUnit
je voudrais t'embrasser je voudrais vous embrasser
Used to ask to kiss a person.

I'd like to know phraseologicalUnit
je voudrais savoir
Polite request for information

I'll call the police phraseologicalUnit
je vais appeler la police
Indicates that the speaker is going to call the police, presumably to counter actions from the interlocutor.

I'll have you know phraseologicalUnit
je te ferai savoir que…

I'm ... year(s) old phraseologicalUnit
j'ai ... ans
I was born ... year(s) ago.

I'm American phraseologicalUnit
Je suis américain.
Indicates that the speaker is American.

I'm British phraseologicalUnit
Je suis britannique
Indicates that the speaker is British.

I'm Canadian phraseologicalUnit
Je suis Canadien Je suis Canadienne
Indicates that the speaker is Canadian.

I'm Hindu phraseologicalUnit
je suis hindou je suis hindoue
Indicates that the speaker is a follower of Hinduism.

I'm Jewish phraseologicalUnit
je suis juif je suis juive
Indicates that the speaker is of Jewish ethnic descent.

I'm a Buddhist phraseologicalUnit
je suis bouddhiste
Indicates that the speaker is a Buddhist.

I'm a Catholic phraseologicalUnit
je suis catholique
Indicates that the speaker is a Catholic.

I'm a Christian phraseologicalUnit
je suis chrétien je suis chrétienne
Indicates that the speaker is a Christian.

I'm a Muslim phraseologicalUnit
je suis musulman je suis musulmane
Indicates that the speaker is a Muslim.

I'm a Protestant phraseologicalUnit
je suis protestant je suis protestante
Indicates that the speaker is a Protestant.

I'm a girl phraseologicalUnit
je suis une femme je suis une fille
Indicates that the speaker is female.

I'm a trans girl phraseologicalUnit
je suis une femme trans je suis une fille trans
Indicates that the speaker is a trans woman.

I'm a vegan phraseologicalUnit
je suis végétalien je suis végétalienne
Indicates that the speaker is a vegan.

I'm a vegetarian phraseologicalUnit
je suis un végétarien je suis végétarienne
Indicates that the speaker is a vegetarian.

I'm afraid not phraseologicalUnit
malheureusement pas
Unfortunately, no; I regret that that is not so.

I'm agnostic phraseologicalUnit
je suis agnostique
Indicates that the speaker is agnostic.

I'm allergic to aspirin phraseologicalUnit
je suis allergique à l'aspirine
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to aspirin.

I'm allergic to nuts phraseologicalUnit
je suis allergique aux noix
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to nuts.

I'm allergic to penicillin phraseologicalUnit
je suis allergique à la pénicilline
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to penicillin.

I'm allergic to pollen phraseologicalUnit
je suis allergique au pollen
Indicates that the speaker has an allergy to pollen.

I'm an atheist phraseologicalUnit
je suis athée
Indicates that the speaker is an atheist.

I'm ashamed phraseologicalUnit
j'ai honte
Indicates that the speaker is ashamed.

I'm bisexual phraseologicalUnit
je suis bisexuel je suis bisexuelle
Indicates that the speaker is bisexual.

I'm bleeding phraseologicalUnit
je saigne
Indicates that the speaker is bleeding.

I'm blind /aɪm ˈblaɪnd/ phraseologicalUnit
je suis aveuglé je suis aveuglée
Indicates that the speaker is blind.

I'm cold phraseologicalUnit
avoir froid
Indicates that the speaker feels cold.

I'm confused phraseologicalUnit
je ne comprends pas
Indicates that the speaker is confounded by something.

I'm deaf /aɪm ˈdɛf/ phraseologicalUnit
je suis sourd je suis sourde
Indicates that one is deaf.

I'm divorced phraseologicalUnit
je suis divorcé je suis divorcée
Indicates that the speaker is divorced.

I'm dying phraseologicalUnit
je meurs je vais mourir
Indicates that the speaker believes that he or she is dying.

I'm fine phraseologicalUnit
je vais bien ça va
Conventional response to "how are you?", indicating that one is well.

I'm fine, thank you phraseologicalUnit
moi, je vais bien, merci
The expected, polite response to how are you?

I'm full phraseologicalUnit
je suis gavé
Indicates that the speaker does not wish to continue eating.

I'm gay phraseologicalUnit
je suis gai je suis gay
Indicates that the speaker is homosexual.

I'm hot phraseologicalUnit
avoir chaud
Indicates that the speaker is hot (i.e. feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort)

I'm hungry phraseologicalUnit
j'ai faim
I have a strong appetite to eat.

I'm in love with you phraseologicalUnit
je suis amoureuse de toi je suis amoureuse de vous je suis amoureux de toi je suis amoureux de vous
A declaration of passion or romantic feeling.

I'm looking for a grocery store phraseologicalUnit
je recherche une épicerie
Indicates that the speaker is looking for a grocery store.

I'm looking for a job phraseologicalUnit
je cherche du travail je suis à la recherche d'un emploi
Indicates that the speaker is looking for a job.

I'm lost phraseologicalUnit
je suis perdu je suis perdue
Indicates that the speaker is unable to find his or her way.

I'm married phraseologicalUnit
je suis marié je suis mariée
Indicates that the speaker has a spouse.

I'm mute /aɪm ˈmjuːt/ phraseologicalUnit
je suis muet je suis muette
I'm mute

I'm not interested phraseologicalUnit
je ne suis pas intéressé
(This entry is a translation hub.)

I'm not religious phraseologicalUnit
je ne suis pas croyant je ne suis pas croyante je ne suis pas religieuse je ne suis pas religieux
Indicates that the speaker is a not a follower of any religious doctrines.

I'm pregnant phraseologicalUnit
je suis enceinte
Indicates that the speaker is pregnant.

I'm scared phraseologicalUnit
j'ai peur
Indicates that the speaker is scared.

I'm sick phraseologicalUnit
je suis malade
Indicates that the speaker has an illness.

I'm single phraseologicalUnit
je suis célibataire
Indicates that the speaker does not have a spouse or romantic partner.

I'm sorry phraseologicalUnit
pardon je suis désolé je suis désolée
Indicates the speaker's apology.
(with an upward inflection) Indicates that the speaker is confused or requests information to be repeated; come again?, say again?, I beg your pardon?; see also Thesaurus:say again

I'm straight phraseologicalUnit
je suis hétéro
Indicates that the speaker is a heterosexual.

I'm thirsty phraseologicalUnit
j'ai soif
(usually) I need something to drink (e.g., water).
(more generally) I need something, or want something a lot.

I'm tired phraseologicalUnit
je suis fatigué je suis fatiguée
Indicates that the speaker is in need of rest or sleep.

I'm twenty years old phraseologicalUnit
j'ai vingt ans
Indicates that the speaker is aged twenty.

I'm worried phraseologicalUnit
je suis inquiet je suis inquiète
Indicates that the speaker is worried.

I've been raped phraseologicalUnit
on m'a violé on m'a violée
Indicates that the speaker has been raped.

I've been robbed phraseologicalUnit
je me suis fait volé je me suis fait volée
Indicates that the speaker has been robbed.

I've been shot phraseologicalUnit
j'ai reçu une balle j'ai été blessé par balle
Indicates one has been shot and may require medical attention.

I've burned myself phraseologicalUnit
je me suis brulé je me suis brulée
Indicates that the speaker is physically hurt due to contact with fire or heat.

IBSA pn
IBAS
(politics, economics) Initialism of India, Brazil and South Africa.

ICAO /ˌaɪˈkeɪˌoʊ/ pn
OACI
Acronym of w:International Civil Aviation Organization; a United Nations agency headquartered in Montreal, Canada.

ICJ pn
CIJ
(international law, UN) Initialism of International Court of Justice.

ICU ICUs n
réa
(medical) Initialism of intensive care unit.

IDF pn
Tsahal
(military) Initialism of Israel Defense Forces.

IDK phraseologicalUnit
JSP

IDP IDPs n
PDI
Initialism of internally displaced person.

IE pn
IE
(linguistics, anthropology, etc.) Initialism of Indo-European.

IEC pn
CEI
Initialism of International Electrotechnical Commission.

IED /ˌaɪ iː ˈdiː/ IEDs n
EEI IED
(weapons) Initialism of improvised explosive device.

IG IGs n
BIG
Initialism of inspector general.

ILO pn
OIT
Initialism of International Labour Organization, a specialised agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland.

IMF pn
FMI
(UN) Initialism of International Monetary Fund.

IMHO phraseologicalUnit
àmha
(internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of in my humble opinion.

IOC pn
CIO
(ornithology) Initialism of International Ornithological Committee. (now known as International Ornithologists' Union)

IOU IOUs n
reconnaissance de dette
An informal promissory note that is not a negotiable instrument.

IP address IP addresses n
adresse IP
(Internet) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network interface, which are active on a network. supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to distinguish each network interface, and hence each networked device) from every other network interface anywhere on the network.

IPA /ˌaɪ.piːˈeɪ/ [ˌaɪ.pʰiːˈeɪ] pn
API
Initialism of International Phonetic Alphabet.

IPCC /aɪ piː siː siː/ pn
GIEC
(climate change, UN) Initialism of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: an intergovernmental body of the United Nations, established in 1988, aiming to advance scientific knowledge about climate change caused by human activities.

IQ /ˌaɪ ˈkjuː/ IQs n
QI
Initialism of intelligence quotient.

IRCC pn
IRCC
(Canada) Initialism of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

IRGC pn
CGRI
(military) Initialism of Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

IS pn
EI
Initialism of Islamic State.

ISBN ISBNs n
Numéro international normalisé du livre (NINL)
Initialism of International Standard Book Number.

ISIS /ˈaɪsɪs/ pn
Daech EIIL
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state. [from 2013]

ISP ISPs n
fournisseur d'accès à internet
(Internet) Initialism of internet service provider. (a company that provides Internet access for a fee)

ISSN ISSNs n
numéro international normalisé des publications en série
Initialism of International Standard Serial Number.

IT ITs n
informatique
(informatics) Initialism of information technology.

IU IUs n
UI
(pharmacology) Initialism of international unit.

IUD IUDs n
DIU
Initialism of intrauterine device.

IVF IVFs n
FIV
(medicine) Initialism of in vitro fertilization.

IVR n
SVI serveur vocal interactif
Initialism of Interactive voice response.
RI radiologie interventionnelle
Initialism of interventional radiology.

Iamblichean more Iamblichean most Iamblichean adj
jamblichéen
Of or pertaining to Iamblichus.

Iamblichus /aɪˈæmblɪkəs/ pn
Jamblique
Iamblichus (c. 245 – c. 325), a Syrian Neoplatonist philosopher.

Ianthe /aɪˈænθi/ pn
Ianthé
(Greek god) One of the 3,000 Oceanids, the daughters of Oceanus and Tethys.

Iapetus /aɪˈæpɪtəs/ pn
Japet
(Greek god) A Titan, the son of Uranus and Gaia, and father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Menoetius.
(astronomy) The third largest moon of Saturn

Iași pn
Jassy Iași
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Ibadism n
ibadisme
(Islam) The doctrines associated with Ibadis, such as the acceptance of fewer hadiths, and the addition of Jami Sahih as a canonical hadith.

Iberia /aɪˈbɪəɹ.i.ə/ /aɪˈbɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Ibérie
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Iberian more Iberian most Iberian adj
ibérique ibère
Native to Iberia.

Iberian Iberians n
ibère
(countable) A native of Iberia (the European peninsula).

Iberian Peninsula pn
péninsule ibérique Péninsule Ibérique
A peninsula located in the extreme southwest of Europe which includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar, bordered on the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, with the Pyrenees forming the northeast edge of the peninsula, connecting it to the rest of Europe.

Iberian chiffchaff Iberian chiffchaffs n
pouillot ibérique
Phylloscopus ibericus, a species of leaf warbler endemic to Portugal, Spain and North Africa, west of a line stretching roughly from the western Pyrenees via the mountains of central Spain to the Atlantic.

Iberian lynx Iberian lynxes n
lynx d'Espagne lynx ibérique lynx pard lynx pardelle pardelle
An endangered species of lynx, Lynx pardinus, native to the Iberian peninsula.

Iberomaurusian adj
ibéromaurusien
(archaeology) Of or pertaining to a population of early humans that occupied the Mediterranean littoral from Morocco to Tunisia 22,000 to 9,000 years ago

Ibiza /aɪˈbiːθə/ /iˈbiːsə/ /ɪˈbiːsə/ /ɪˈbiːzə/ /ɪˈbiːθə/ pn
Ibiza
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Ibizan adj
ibizien
From, or pertaining to, Ibiza.

Iblis /ibˈliːs/ pn
Iblis
(Islam) Satan; the Devil.

Icarianism n
icarisme

Icarus /ˈɪkəɹəs/ pn
Icare

Iceland /ˈaɪs.lənd/ pn
Islande
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Iceland gull Iceland gulls n
goéland arctique
Larus glaucoides, a medium size gull which breeds in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland.

Icelander Icelanders n
Islandais Islandaise
A person from Iceland or of Icelandic descent.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ more Icelandic most Icelandic adj
islandais
Of or relating to the natives or inhabitants of Iceland.

Icelandic /aɪsˈlændɪk/ pn
islandais
A North Germanic language, the national tongue of Iceland.

Icelandic Sheepdog Icelandic Sheepdogs n
berger d'Islande berger islandais
A spitz herding dog bred in Iceland.

Ichabod /ˈɪkəbɒd/ pn
I-Kabod
(archaic) A en given name

Ichkeria pn
Itchkérie

Idaho /ˈaɪdəhəʊ/ /ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ/ pn
Idaho
University of Idaho

Idist Idists n
idiste
A speaker or proponent of Ido (a constructed language).

Ido /ˈidoʊ/ pn
ido
A constructed language; a reform of Esperanto and Idiom Neutral

Idumaea pn
Idumée
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Igbo /ˈiboʊ/ /ˈiɡ.boʊ/ /ˈiːbəʊ/ pn
igbo ibo
The language spoken by the Igbo people and elsewhere in southern Nigeria.

Ignatian adj
ignatien
of or relating to Saint Ignatius of Loyola, a 16th century Spanish knight who founded the Jesuits

Ignatius /ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/ pn
Ignace
A en given name; of mostly Roman Catholic or Eastern Orthodox usage in English.

Ignorantine adj
ignorantin

Igraine pn
Ygraine
(Arthurian mythology) The mother of King Arthur.

Ijekavian pn
iékavien jékavien
A dialect, group of dialects or dialect continuum of Serbo-Croatian spoken through most of Croatia, Bosnia and Montenegro and parts of Serbia and distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as disyllabic (triphonemic) /ije/ or diphthongal /je/ sequence.

Ik Ik pn
Ik

Ikavian pn
ikavien
A dialect or group of dialects of Serbo-Croatian spoken primarily in coastal Croatia distinguished by reflecting the Common Slavic jat (Old Cyrillic: ѣ, Glagolitic: ⱑ, Latin transcription /ě/) sound as /i/.

Il Duce /il ˈdutʃeɪ/ /iːl ˈduːtʃeɪ/ pn
duce
(historical) The title which Italian dictator Benito Mussolini assumed during his rule (1922—1945).

Ilkhanate pn
Ilkhanat
Iran ruled by ilkhans between the 13th and 14th centuries.

Ilkhanid adj
ilkhanide
Relating to the Ilkhans.

Ille pn
Ille
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Ille-et-Vilaine pn
Ille-et-Vilaine
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Illinois /ˌɪləˈnɔɪ/ /ˌɪləˈnɔɪz/ pn
Illinois
A confederation of Algonquian tribes who lived in the Mississippi River Valley.

Illyrian /ɪˈliəɹiən/ /ɪˈlɪəɹɪən/ adj
illyrien illyrienne
Of or pertaining to Illyria or Illyrians.

Illyrian /ɪˈliəɹiən/ /ɪˈlɪəɹɪən/ Illyrians n
Illyrien Illyrienne
An inhabitant of ancient Illyria.
An inhabitant of Roman province of Illyricum (Illyro-Roman).

Ilocano pn
ilocano
A language spoken principally on the island of Luzon.

Iloilo pn
Iloilo
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Ilya pn
Ilia
A en given name

Imbros /ˈɪmbɹɒs/ pn
Imbros
island of Turkey in the north-eastern Aegean Sea

Imereti pn
Iméréthie
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Immaculate Conception pn
immaculée conception
The doctrine, in the Roman Catholic Church, that the Virgin Mary was conceived biologically but free from original sin.

Immanuel /ɪˈmænjuəl/ /ɪˈmænjəl/ Immanuels pn
Emmanuel
(Christianity) This figure, regarded by Christians as the Messiah or Christ.
(biblical character) A figure whose birth is prophesied in the Book of Isaiah in the Bible.

Imperia pn
Imperia
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Imperial Flanders pn
Flandre impériale
The (smaller) part of the countship of Flanders, east of the Scheldt (Escaut), for which the count did not pay homage as vassal of the French king but to the Holy Roman Emperor.

Inari Sami pn
same d’Inari
A Finno-Ugric, Sami language spoken by 250 people in northern Finland in the region of Inari lake.

Inca dove /ˈɪŋ.kə.dʌv/ Inca doves n
colombe inca
Columbina inca, a small New World dove ranging from the southwestern United States to Central America.

Incan adj
inca incaïque

Incarnation pn
incarnation
(Christianity) The doctrine that the second person of the Trinity assumed human form in the person of Jesus Christ and is fully divine and fully human.

Incheon /ˈɪnt͡ʃʌn/ pn
Incheon
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India /ˈɪn.di.ə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə/ /ˈɪn.dɪə̯/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪ.jaː/ Indias pn
Inde
(historical, often "British India") A territory of the British Empire, chiefly comprising the modern day countries of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal and Burma.

India ink India inks n
encre de Chine
A black ink, made from lampblack, used for printing and artwork.

Indian /ˈɪn.di.ən/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n/ more Indian most Indian adj
indien
Of or relating to India or its people; or (formerly) of the East Indies. [from 14th c.]
indien amérindien
Of or relating to the indigenous peoples of the Americas. [from 16th c.]

Indian /ˈɪn.di.ən/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən/ /ˈɪɳ.ɖɪə̯n/ Indians n
Indien Indienne
A person from India. [from 13th c.]
indien Indien Indienne amérindien Amérindienne Amérindien
An American Indian, a member of one of the indigenous peoples of the Americas (generally excluding the Aleut, Inuit, Metis, or Yupik). [from 16th c.]

Indian Ocean pn
océan Indien Océan Indien
The ocean separating Africa, southern Asia, Australia and Antarctica.

Indian Peninsula pn
péninsule indienne
A peninsula located within the southern tip of India.

Indian black-lored tit Indian black-lored tits n
mésange jaune
Machlolophus aplonotus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Indian myna Indian mynas n
martin triste

Indian red Indian reds n
rouge indien

Indian style adv
en tailleur jambes croisées
(of sitting) Cross-legged.

Indian summer /ˈɪn.di.ən ˈsʌ.mɚ/ /ˈɪn.dɪ.ən ˈsʌ.mə(ɹ)/ Indian summers n
été indien été de la Saint-Martin été des Indiens
A stretch of sunny and warm, often hazy, days during late autumn. [from late 18th c., popularized in the early 19th c.]

Indian sunburn Indian sunburns n
brûlure indienne
(slang) The prank of grabbing a victim's forearm in both hands and twisting the skin in opposite directions.

Indiana /ˌɪndiˈænə/ Indianas pn
Indiana
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Indianapolis /ɪndiəˈnæpəlɪs/ pn
Indianapolis
IMS; Ellipsis of Indianapolis Motor Speedway (“The Brickyard”).

Indianize v
indianiser
(transitive) To make Indian.

Indies /ˈɪndiz/ pn
Indes
(historical) The Western Hemisphere, during the early period of European colonization and exploration.

Indo- prefix
indo-
India.

Indo-Aryan pn
indo-aryen
A branch of Indo-Iranian and thus Indo-European language family, with a total number of native speakers of more than 900 million, chiefly in South Asia.

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ more Indo-European most Indo-European adj
indoeuropéen indo-européen
Of or relating to the languages originally spoken in Europe and Western Asia.
Of or relating to the hypothetical parent language of the Indo-European language family. Also called Proto-Indo-European and abbreviated PIE.
Of or relating to the hypothetical group of peoples that spread Indo-European languages.

Indo-European /ˌɪndəʊˌjʊəɹəˈpiːən/ Indo-Europeans n
indo-européen
A member of the original ethnolinguistic group hypothesized to have spoken Proto-Indo-European and thus to have been the ancestor for most of India and Western Eurasia.

Indo-European studies n
études indo-européennes
The academic study of the Indo-European languages in relation to Proto-Indo-European, and sometimes of related humanities. (This entry is a translation hub.)

Indo-Iranian adj
indo-iranien
Of or relating to such a language or member.

Indochina /ˈɪndoʊ̯ˌt͡ʃaɪ̯nə/ /ˌɪndoʊ̯ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯nə/ pn
Indochine
The former French colonial part of Southeast Asia comprising the peninsula containing Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos, and more broadly, Myanmar and Thailand.

Indochinese adj
indochinois
Of, or pertaining to Indochina or its culture or people.

Indonesia /-doʊ-/ /-zi.ə/ /ˌɪndə(ʊ)ˈniːʒə/ /ˌɪndəˈniʒə/ pn
Indonésie
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Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ more Indonesian most Indonesian adj
indonésien
Of or relating to Indonesia or its people or language.

Indonesian /ˌɪndəˈniːʒən/ Indonesians n
Indonésien Indonésienne
(countable) A person living in or coming from Indonesia.
indonésien langue indonésienne
(uncountable) The common language spoken in Indonesia.

Indophilia n
indophilie
A love or admiration for India or its people and culture.

Indre pn
Indre
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Indre-et-Loire pn
Indre-et-Loire
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Induan pn
Indusien

Indus /ˈɪndəs/ pn
Indus
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Indien
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky between Grus and Pavo.

Indus Valley Civilization /ˈɪn.dəs ˈvæl.i ˌsɪ.vɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ pn
civilisation de la vallée de l'Indus
A Bronze Age civilization from the Indus river valley; the Harappan civilization.

Industrial Revolution pn
révolution industrielle
(historical) The major technological, socioeconomic and cultural change in the late 18th and early 19th century resulting from the replacement of an economy based on manual labour to one dominated by industry and machine manufacture.

Inez pn
Inès
A en given name.

Information Age pn
ère de l'information
The current era, characterised by the increasing importance and availability of information (especially by means of computers), as opposed to previous eras (such as the Industrial Age) in which most endeavours related to some physical process or product.

Ingram /ˈɪŋɡɹəm/ pn
Enguerrand
A en given name, in modern use transferred back from the surname.

Ingria pn
Ingrie
A region to the south of Karelia in what is now Russia.

Ingrid pn
Ingrid
A en given name.

Ingush more Ingush most Ingush adj
ingouche
Of or related to the Ingush people.
Of or related to the Ingush language.

Ingush Ingush Ingushes n
Ingouche
A member of a Nakh people of the northeastern Caucasus, now mostly Sunni Muslim and resident in the Russian republic of Ingushetia.

Ingush pn
ingouche
The language of the Ingush, a member of the Nakh family.

Ingushetia /ɪŋɡʊˈʃɛtiə/ pn
Ingouchie
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Inn pn
Inn
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Inner Asia pn
Asie intérieure

Inner Mongolia pn
Mongolie intérieure
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Inquisition pn
Inquisition
(historical) A tribunal of the Roman Catholic Church set up to investigate and suppress heresy.

Inside Passage pn
Passage Intérieur

Instagram /ˈɪnstəɡɹæm/ pn
Instagram
(Internet) An online photo- and video-sharing social networking service, originally designed to mimic old-fashioned instant cameras.

Instagrammable /ˈɪnstəˌɡræməb(ə)l/ /ˈɪnstəˌɡræməbəl/ more Instagrammable most Instagrammable adj
instagrammable
(informal) Visually attractive or interesting such that it lends itself to being photographed and posted on social media (specifically on Instagram); photogenic. [from early 21st c.]

Interlaken pn
Interlaken
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Interlingua /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋɡwə/ pn
Interlingua interlingua
A constructed interlanguage based on Romance languages, English, German, Russian and Latin, developed by the International Auxiliary Language Association, and first published in 1951.

International Court of Justice pn
Cour internationale de justice
(UN) A judicial body of the United Nations, established in 1945 to decide disputes brought by nations.

International Date Line pn
ligne de changement de date
An imaginary line on the Earth's surface at 180° longitude, mostly through the Pacific Ocean, to the east of which the calendar date is one day earlier than to the west.

International Klein Blue pn
International Klein Blue
(arts) An intense deep blue hue achieved by means of ultramarine pigment and a binder.

International Monetary Fund pn
Fonds monétaire international
The international organization entrusted with overseeing the global financial system by monitoring foreign exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering technical and financial assistance when asked.

International Phonetic Alphabet /ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəl fəˈnɛtɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ /ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)l fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈælfəˌbɛt/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)nəɫ fəˈnɛtɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ fəˈnɛɾɪk ˈæɫfəˌbɛt] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚ-] pn
alphabet phonétique international
A standardized set of symbols for representing the sounds of human speech.

International System of Units pn
Système international d'unités Système international
(metrology) A standard set of units of measurement for use in scientific literature worldwide. The newest and most widespread version of the metric system.

Internationale /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæˌʃən.əl/ /ˌɪn.tɚˌnæ.ʃənˈæl/ /ˌɪn.tɚˌnæ.ʃənˈɑl.eɪ/ pn
Internationale
A general left-wing anthem for solidarity and emancipation of the working class, dating back to the 19th century.

Internet /ˈɪntəˌnɛt/ /ˈɪntɚˌnɛt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌnɛt] pn
Internet
The specific internet consisting of a global network of computers that communicate using Internet Protocol (IP) and that use Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) to identify the best paths to route those communications.

Internet cafe Internet cafes n
cybercafé
A place where one can use a computer with Internet access for a fee.

Internet of Things pn
Internet des objets
An Internet-like structure connecting everyday physical objects equipped with RFID or similar tags.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ adj
interslave
Between Slavs or Slavic nations.

Interslavic /ˌɪntɚˈslɑːvɪk/ pn
interslave
An international auxiliary language based on Slavic languages.

Inuit /ˈɪnjuːɪt/ /ˈɪnuːɪt/ /ˈɪnʊɪt/ more Inuit most Inuit adj
inuit
Of or pertaining to Inuit people, language, or culture.

Inuit /ˈɪnjuːɪt/ /ˈɪnuːɪt/ /ˈɪnʊɪt/ n
Inuit
the people

Inuit Nunangat pn
Inuit Nunangat

Inuktitut /ɪˈnʊktɪtʊt/ pn
inuktitut
The language of the Inuit people.

Inverness pn
Inverness
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Invisible Pink Unicorn Invisible Pink Unicorns pn
Licorne rose invisible
(Internet slang, humorous) A unicorn goddess who is simultaneously invisible and pink, used in arguments against faith in an unprovable deity.

Io /ˈaɪoʊ/ pn
Io
(astronomy) A moon of Jupiter, known for its volcanic activity, peppered with about 400 active volcanoes.

Ionia /aɪˈəʊni.ə/ /aɪˈəʊnjə/ pn
Ionie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; An Ancient Greek settlement on the west coast of Asia Minor inhabited by the Ionians, one of the four main Hellenic tribes.

Ionian Sea /aɪˈəʊ.ni.ən ˈsiː/ pn
mer Ionienne
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Ionian mode pn
mode ionien
(music) A mode that is the same as a major key, with the interval pattern:

Ionic Greek pn
ionien
The dialect of Ancient Greek used on Euboea and other islands in the Aegean Sea and in parts of Asia Minor, from around 1000 to 300 B.C.E., closely related to Attic Greek and contributing a great deal to Epic Greek. The language of Herodotus, Hippocrates, and Archilochus.

Iowa /ˈaɪəweɪ/ /ˈaɪəwə/ pn
Iowa
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University of Iowa.

Iphigenia /ˌɪfɪd͡ʒɪˈnaɪə/ /ˌɪfɪˈd͡ʒiːnɪə/ pn
Iphigénie
(Greek mythology) The daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra, who is sacrificed by her father to ensure the safe journey of the Greeks to Troy.

Iqaluit /ɪˈkælʊ.ɪt/ pn
Baie de Frobisher Frobisher Bay Iqaluit
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Iraklion pn
Héraklion Iráklion
The capital city of Crete, Greece.

Iran /aɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹæn/ /ɪˈɹɑːn/ pn
Iran
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(literary, technical) regions inhabited by the Iranian peoples.

Iranian /aɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /iˈɹɑːni.ən/ /ɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/ adj
iranien Iranien
(linguistics) Pertaining to the Iranian languages or their speakers.

Iranian /aɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /iˈɹɑːni.ən/ /ɪˈɹeɪni.ən/ /ɪˈɹɑːni.ən/ Iranians n
Iranien Iranienne
A person from Iran or of Iranian descent.

Iranian studies n
iranologie
(humanities) an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples

Iranocentric more Iranocentric most Iranocentric adj
iranocentriste
Focused on Iran, its people, language or culture.

Iranologist Iranologists n
iranologue
A scholar specializing in Iranology.

Iraq /aɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹak/ /ɪˈɹæk/ /ɪˈɹɑk/ /ɪˈɹɑːk/ Iraqs pn
Irak Iraq
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Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ adj
iraquien irakien
Of, from, or pertaining to Iraq, or the Iraqi people.

Iraqi /ɪˈɹæki/ /ɪˈɹɑːki/ Iraqis n
Iraquien Iraquienne
A person from Iraq or of Iraqi descent.

Ireland /ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ [ˈaɪɚlənd] [ˈäɪɚɫɪ̈nd] [ˈɑɚlənd] [ˈɑɪələnd] [ˈɑɪɚlənd] [ˈəɪɚlənd] [ˈʌɪɚlənd] Irelands pn
Irlande
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A republic occupying the majority-area of the island of Ireland, with Northern Ireland occupying the rest of the island. Also known as the Republic of Ireland since 1949.
A surname.
Other places named Ireland:
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Irenaeus pn
Irénée
A en given name.

Irene /aɪˈɹiːn/ pn
Irène
A en given name, in regular use since the 19th century.

Iriomote tit Iriomote tits n
mésange d'Iriomote
Sittiparus olivaceus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Iris pn
Iris
(Greek god) A messenger of the gods, and goddess of rainbows.
A en given name; a flower name used since the end of the 19th century.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ more Irish most Irish adj
irlandais
Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.
irlandais gaélique
Pertaining to the Irish language.

Irish /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/ /ˈaɪɹəʃ/ /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/ pn
irlandais gaélique irlandais
(uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.
Irlandais Irlandaise
(as plural) The Irish people.

Irish Sea pn
Mer d'Irlande
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Irish coffee Irish coffees n
Irish coffee
A cocktail consisting of hot coffee with a dash of Irish whiskey, topped with whipped cream.

Irish setter /ˈaɪɹɪʃ ˈsɛt.ə/ Irish setters n
setter irlandais
A breed of gun dog with a moderately long coat of a red or chestnut color.

Irish wolfhound Irish wolfhounds n
lévrier irlandais
The largest sighthound and tallest dog on average, bred in Ireland to hunt wolves

Irishman /ˈaɪɹɪʃmən/ Irishmen n
Irlandais
A man from Ireland.

Irishness n
irlandicité
the quality or state of being Irish.

Irishwoman Irishwomen n
Irlandaise
A woman from Ireland

Irkutsk /iɹˈkʊtsk/ pn
Irkoutsk
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Iron Age /ˈʌɪən eɪdʒ/ pn
âge du fer
(mythology) The most recent and debased of the four or five classical Ages of Man; hence, any period characterized by wicked behavior. [from 16th c.]
âge du fer Âge du fer
(archaeology) A level of culture in which humans used iron and the technology of ironworking. (Estimated to have begun in Europe about 1100BC) [from 19th c.]

Iron Curtain pn
rideau de fer
(historical) The dividing line between Western Europe and the Soviet controlled regions, especially during the Cold War.

Iroquoian more Iroquoian most Iroquoian adj
iroquoien
Of or pertaining to a Native American language family including the Iroquois and Cherokee.

Iroquoian Iroquoians n
Iroquoien
A member of the Iroquois people.

Iroquois /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/ Iroquois n
Iroquois
A member of a confederacy of (originally) five Native American (Indian) tribes: the Mohawks, the Oneidas, the Onondagas, the Cayugas, and the Senecas. Also known as the Iroquois League.

Iroquois /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɑː/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kwɔɪ/ /ˈɪɹ.ə.kɔɪ/ pn
Iroquois
Any of the languages of the Iroquois, belonging to the Iroquoian family of languages.

Iroquois Confederacy pn
Confédération iroquoise Iroquoisie Ligue iroquoise
A confederacy of Iroquoian tribes. Initially consisting of the Five Nations (Mohawk, Onondaga, Oneida, Cayuga, Seneca), later of the Six Nations (adding the Tuscarora)

Irpin pn
Irpin Irpine
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Irrawaddy /ˈɪɹəˌwɑdi/ pn
Irrawaddy
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Irtysh /ˈɪə(ɹ)tɪʃ/ pn
Irtych
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Isaac /ˈaɪzæk/ /ˈaɪzək/ Isaacs pn
Isaac
(biblical character) The son of Abraham and Sarah, father of Esau and Jacob, from whom the Hebrew people trace their descent.
A en given name.

Isabel /ˈɪzəbɛl/ pn
Isabelle
A en given name.

Isaiah /aɪˈzaɪ.ə/ /aɪˈzeɪ.ə/ pn
Isaïe Ésaïe
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.
(Abrahamic religions) A prophet, the author of the Book of Isaiah.
Isaïe
A en given name.

Isar pn
Isar
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Ischia pn
Ischia
An island in the Bay of Naples
The major town on this island

Isernia pn
Isernia
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A town, the capital of Isernia.

Iseult /ɪˈsuːlt/ /ɪˈzuːlt/ pn
Iseult Yseult
A en given name.

Isfahan pn
Ispahan
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Ishim pn
Ichim
A town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia.
A river in Kazakhstan and Russia.

Ishmael /ˈɪʃ.meɪ.əl/ /ˈɪʃ.meɪl/ pn
Ismaël
(Abrahamic religions) The eldest son of Abraham and his wife's handmaiden Hagar who were cast out after the birth of Isaac; traditionally the ancestor of the Arabs via the Ishmaelites.

Isiac /ˈaɪsɪak/ /ˈɪsɪak/ adj
isiaque
Of or pertaining to the goddess Isis or her worship.

Isis /ˈaɪsɪs/ /ˈiaɪsəs/ pn
Isis
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian goddess, the wife of Osiris and mother of Horus, worshiped as the ideal mother and wife and as the matron of nature and magic.

Islam /-læm/ /ɪsˈlɑːm/ /ɪzˈlɑːm/ /ˈɪs.lɑːm/ /ˈɪz.lɑːm/ Islams pn
Islam islam
A monotheistic Abrahamic religion followed by Muslims that is based on the teachings of Muhammad and the Qur'an.

Islamabad /ɪsˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ /ɪzˈlæməˌbæd/ /ɪzˈlɑːməˌbɑːd/ pn
Islamabad
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Islamic /ɪsˈlɑːmɪk/ /ɪzˈlæmɪk/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪk/ more Islamic most Islamic adj
islamique
Of, pertaining to, originating in, characteristic of, or deriving from Muslims or Islam.

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan pn
Émirat islamique d'Afghanistan
The official name of Afghanistan under Taliban rule in 1996–2001 and since 2021.

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan pn
République islamique d'Afghanistan
The former official name of Afghanistan, from 2001 through 2021.

Islamic Republic of Iran pn
République islamique d'Iran
[1979]

Islamic Republic of Pakistan pn
République islamique du Pakistan
The official name of Pakistan.

Islamic State pn
État islamique
A Salafist group active in Libya, Nigeria, Iraq and Syria, where it has proclaimed an (unrecognized) state.

Islamic State in Iraq pn
EII ÉII État islamique d'Irak
(former name) ISIL/ISIS/Islamic State

Islamic calendar pn
calendrier hégirien

Islamic fundamentalism n
fondamentalisme islamique
A revolutionary movement towards Islamism, with literal and traditional interpretations of their sacred texts. It is often used to describe Muslim groups that advocate the replacement of secular state laws with Islamic law, or Shari'a.

Islamism /ɪzˈlæmɪz(ə)m/ /ɪzˈlɑːmɪz(ə)m/ /ˈɪzləmɪz(ə)m/ Islamisms n
islamisme
(by extension) Islamic fundamentalism, especially the forms that promote violence, hostility, and persecution of non-believers. [from 20th c.]

Islamist /-ˈlæmɪst/ /-ˈlɑːmɪst/ /ˈɪsləmɪst/ /ˈɪzləmɪst/ more Islamist most Islamist adj
islamiste
Motivated by fundamentalist Muslim beliefs, particularly in the political sphere. [from 1980s]

Islamist /-ˈlæmɪst/ /-ˈlɑːmɪst/ /ˈɪsləmɪst/ /ˈɪzləmɪst/ Islamists n
islamiste
A Muslim who espouses Islamic fundamentalist beliefs. [from 1980s]

Islamization Islamizations n
islamisation
Conversion to Islam.

Islamize v
islamiser
To convert to Islam.

Islamologist Islamologists n
islamologue

Islamology n
islamologie

Islamophilic more Islamophilic most Islamophilic adj
islamophile
Of, relating to, or pertaining to Islamophilia.

Islamophobia Islamophobias n
islamophobie
Fear or hatred of Islam or Muslims.

Islamophobic more Islamophobic most Islamophobic adj
islamophobe
Having a fear or hatred of Islam or Muslims.

Isle of Man /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈmæn/ pn
île de Man
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Isle of Wight /ˌaɪl ə(v) ˈwaɪt/ pn
île de Wight
An island, county and unitary authority off the south coast of England in the English Channel opposite Southampton.

Isles of Scilly /ˈaɪlz əv ˈsɪli/ pn
Sorlingues îles Sorlingues
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Ismailia pn
Ismaïlia
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Israel /ˈɪz.ɹaɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.ɛl/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əl/ /ˈɪz.ɹɛəl/ Israels pn
Israël
The Jews, taken collectively.
A en given name,
Another name for Jacob, notably after Genesis 32:28 and in later references.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ adj
israélien israélienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Israel, the Israeli people.

Israeli /ɪzˈɹeɪli/ Israelis n
Israélien Israélienne
A person from Israel or of Israeli descent.

Israelite /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹɪˌlaɪt/ adj
israélite
Of or pertaining to the ancient nation(s) of Israel or the inhabitants thereof.

Israelite /ˈɪz.ɹeɪ.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹi.əˌlaɪt/ /ˈɪz.ɹɪˌlaɪt/ Israelites n
Israélite
A native or inhabitant of (i) the united nation of Israel (under the Judges, and then kings Saul, David and Solomon), or (ii) the later northern kingdom centered in Samaria, distinct from kingdom of Judah centered in Jerusalem.
Israélite enfant d'Israël fils d'Israël
A member of the Twelve Tribes of Israel and a descendant of Jacob.

Isratine pn
Isratine

Issa Issa Issas n
Issa
A member of a Somali clan, mainly residing in Djibouti; it is the larger of the two dominant ethnic groups.

Issachar /ˈɪ.səˌkɑɹ/ /ˈɪ.səˌkɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Issachar
(biblical) Ninth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

Issime pn
Issime
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Istanbul /ɪstænˈbʊl/ pn
Istanbul
A Turkish city, and the largest European city by population, which was the last capital of the Ottoman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire).

Istanbulite more Istanbulite most Istanbulite adj
istanbuliote stambouliote

Istanbulite Istanbulites n
Istanbuliote Stambouliote
(demonym) a person from or living in Istanbul

Istria pn
Istrie
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Istro-Romanian pn
Istro-roumain
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in the Istrian region of Croatia, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian.

Isère pn
Isère
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Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ more Italian most Italian adj
italien italophone
Pertaining to Italy, its people or its language.

Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ /ˌaɪˈtæljən/ Italians n
Italien Italienne italien
(countable) An inhabitant of Italy, or a person of Italian descent.
italien
(uncountable) The official language of Italy, also spoken in San Marino, the Vatican, and parts of Argentina, Slovenia and Switzerland.

Italian Peninsula pn
Péninsule italienne
A large peninsula in Southern Europe protruding into the Mediterranean Sea and shaped like a boot. The mountain range of Apennines runs across it from north to south. Occupied almost entirely by Italy.

Italian Republic pn
République italienne
The official name of Italy.

Italian honeysuckle Italian honeysuckles n
chèvrefeuille des jardins
Italian woodbine (Lonicera caprifolium).

Italian oak Italian oaks n
chêne de Hongrie
Quercus frainetto, a species of oak native to southeastern Europe (parts of Italy, the Balkans, parts of Hungary, Romania) and Turkey.

Italian poutine n
poutine italienne

Italian sausage Italian sausages n
saucisse italienne

Italian tomato Italian tomatoes n
tomate italienne

Italianism Italianisms n
italianisme italisme

Italianization /ɪˌtæljənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪˌtæljənəˈzeɪʃən/ pn
italianisation
(historical) The forced cultural and ethnic assimilation of minorities in the Kingdom of Italy, with particular reference to the Fascist government (1922–1943).

Italianize /ɪˈtæljəˌnaɪz/ v
italianiser s'italianiser
(transitive) To give something Italian characteristics

Italianness n
italianité
The quality or characteristic of being Italian.

Italic /ɪˈtalɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ adj
italique
(Indo-European studies) Pertaining to a subfamily of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family, that includes Latin and other languages (as Oscan, Umbrian) spoken by the peoples of ancient Italy

Italo- prefix
italo-
Italian

Italophile Italophiles n
italophile

Italophilic adj
italophile

Italophobia n
italophobie
Fear of or aversion towards the Italian people or culture.

Italophone adj
italophone
Italian-speaking

Italophone Italophones n
italophone
A person who speaks Italian

Italy /ˈɪtəli/ [ˈi.tɐ.li] [ˈɪ.tə.li] [ˈɪ.ɾə.li] pn
Italie
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Synonym of Apennine Peninsula

Ithaca /ˈɪθəkə/ pn
Ithaque
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Ithacan /ˈɪθəkən/ adj
ithaquien
From, or pertaining to Ithaca

Ithacan /ˈɪθəkən/ Ithacans n
Ithaquien
An inhabitant of Ithaca.

Ivalo pn
Ivalo
village in Inari Municipality, located in Finland's Lapland province.

Ivan /ɪˈvɑːn/ /ˈaɪ.vən/ /ˈivɑːn/ pn
Ivan
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Ива́н (Iván).
A transliteration of the Macedonian male given name Иван (Ivan).

Ivan the Terrible pn
Ivan le Terrible

Ivanhoe /ˈaɪvənˌhoʊ/ /ˈaɪvənˌhəʊ/ /ˈɑɪvənˌhəʉ/ pn
Ivanhoé
The hero of this novel.

Ivanovich /ɪˈvænəvɪt͡ʃ/ /ɪˈvɑːnəvɪt͡ʃ/ Ivanoviches Ivanovichs pn
Ivanovitch
A transliteration of the Russian patronymic Ива́нович (Ivánovič, “son of Ivan”).

Ivanovo pn
Ivanovo
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Ivo /ˈaɪvəʊ/ pn
Yves
A en given name.

Ivorian /aɪˈvɔːɹiən/ adj
ivoirien
Of, from, or pertaining to Côte d'Ivoire or the Ivorian people.

Ivorian /aɪˈvɔːɹiən/ Ivorians n
Ivoirien Ivoirienne
A person from Côte d'Ivoire or of Ivorian descent.

Ivorianness n
ivoirité
The quality or state of being Ivorian.

Iwo Jima pn
Iwo Jima
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Ixion /ɪkˈsaɪ.ən/ pn
Ixion
(Greek mythology) King of Lapiths, who was punished by Zeus for trying to seduce Hera by being bound to a winged fiery wheel that was always spinning.
(astronomy) A Kuiper belt object (KBO), 28978 Ixion (provisional designation 2001 KX76), once thought to be a possible dwarf planet.

Izhevsk pn
Ijevsk
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Izium /ɪˈzjuːm/ pn
Izioum
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Izmail pn
Izmaïl
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J /d͡ʒeɪ/ J's JJ Js n
V
(card games)

J-pop n
J-pop pop japonaise
Japanese pop music influenced by western genres.

JLPT pn
JLPT test d'aptitude de japonais
Initialism of Japanese-language proficiency test.

JSDF pn
Forces japonaises [[de|d’]]autodéfense
Initialism of Japan Self-Defense Forces (the military of Japan).

Jabberwock pn
Berdouilleux Bredoulochs Jaseroque
A fantastical dreaded monster with flaming eyes.

Jabberwocky pn
Jaseroque
A nonsensical poem that appears in Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll.

Jack /d͡ʒæk/ Jacks pn
Jacques Jacob Jack Jeannot
A en given name, also used as a pet form of John or more rarely, Jacob.

Jack Russell terrier Jack Russell terriers n
Jack Russell terrier terrier Jack Russell
A type of small dog, usually brown and white in colour, often used by farmers for rodent control.

Jack the Ripper pn
Jack l’Éventreur
A supposed individual who was an unidentified 19th century serial killer in England, who has become part of folklore.

Jacmel pn
Jacmel

Jacob /ˈd͡ʒeɪkəb/ pn
Jacob Jacques
(biblical character) One of the sons of Isaac and Rebecca, and twin brother of Esau; father of the Israelites (Jews and Samaritans) by 12 sons by 4 consorts, most famously Judah and Joseph who fathered Manasseh; was renamed to Israel.

Jacobin /ˈd͡ʒæk.ə.bɪn/ Jacobins n
jacobin
A breed of domestic pigeon (known for its feathered hood over its head).

Jacobite /ˈd͡ʒækəbaɪt/ Jacobites n
jacobite
(historical) A supporter of the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland in the late 17th century. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Jacqueline /ˈdʒækəlɪn/ pn
Jacqueline
A en given name.

Jade pn
Jade
A en given name.

Jade Emperor pn
Empereur de jade
(Chinese mythology) The lord of the Celestial Hierarchy, ruling over Heaven, Earth, and Hell.

Jaffa /ˈd͡ʒæfə/ /ˈd͡ʒɑfə/ pn
Jaffa
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Jaffa cake Jaffa cakes n
Jaffa Cake
(chiefly, British) A small, biscuit-like cake with a base of firm sponge, a layer of orange jelly, and a chocolate covering.

Jahannam /d͡ʒəˈhænəm/ /d͡ʒəˈhɑnəm/ pn
Jahannam
(Islam) Islamic concept of hell, where unfaithful Muslims not true to their religion will be punished, but will eventually be forgiven.

Jainism /ˈd͡ʒeɪnɪzm̩/ pn
djaïnisme jaïnisme jinisme
(philosophy) A nontheistic heterodox Indian philosophy

Jaipur pn
Djaïpour Jaipur
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Jair /dʒəˈiɹ/ pn
Jaïre
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jakarta /d͡ʒəˈkɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Jakarta Djakarta
(metonym) The Indonesian government.

Jakartan adj
jakartanais
Of, from, or pertaining to, Jakarta

Jake /d͡ʒeɪk/ Jakes pn
Jacky
A en given name.

Jalal-Abad pn
Djalalabad
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Jalalabad pn
Jalalabad
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Jamahiriya n
jamahiriya
(historical) State of the masses; people's republic; the form of the Libyan state ruled by Muammar Gaddafi from 1977-2011, during which time it was known first as the Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya then as the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.

Jamaica /d͡ʒəˈmeɪ.kə/ pn
Jamaïque
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Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ adj
jamaïcain jamaïquain
Of, from, or pertaining to Jamaica, the Jamaican people or the Jamaican language.

Jamaican /d͡ʒəˈmeɪkən/ Jamaicans n
Jamaïcain Jamaïquain Jamaïquaine
A person from Jamaica or of Jamaican descent.
créole jamaïcain
The Jamaican creole language.

James /d͡ʒeɪmz/ Jameses pn
Jacques
(biblical) The twentieth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the general epistle of James.
One of two Apostles, James the Greater and James the Less, often identified with James, brother of Jesus.

James Bay pn
Baie James
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A large sub-arctic sea surrounded on three sides by land of Ontario (on the west and south) and Quebec (on the east and south), the southernmost extension of the Arctic Ocean.

James Bond pn
James Bond
A fictional British spy in the novels of Ian Fleming and the motion pictures based on these novels, famous for his suavity, ingenuity, ruthlessness and supply of gadgets.

Jammu pn
Jammu
The city of Jammu, located on the banks of Tawi river, which is one the largest cities in this region and which serves as the winter capital of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

Jammu and Kashmir pn
Jammu-et-Cachemire
(now, historical) A princely state which governed the region of Kashmir, the territory of which is now de facto divided between China, India, and Pakistan.

Jan pn
janv.
A en given name.

Jan Mayen /jɑn ˈmaɪən/ pn
Jan Mayen
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Jane /d͡ʒeɪn/ Janes pn
Jeanne
A en given name, the standard feminine form of John since the 17th century.

Jansenism n
jansénisme
The Catholic doctrines of Cornelius Jansen and his followers, which emphasise original sin, divine grace and predestination; condemned as a heresy by Pope Innocent X in 1653

Jansenist more Jansenist most Jansenist adj
janséniste
Of or pertaining to Jansenism.

Jansenist Jansenists n
janséniste
An advocate of Jansenism.

January /ˈd͡ʒæn.j(ʊ.)ə.ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌæɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjuˌɛɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænjʉˌeːɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌweɪɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnəˌwɛəɹi/ Januaries Januarys pn
janvier
The first month of the Gregorian calendar, following the December of the previous year and preceding February. Abbreviation: Jan or Jan.

Janus /ˈdʒæɪ̯nəs/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪnəs/ pn
Janus
(Roman god) The god of doorways, gates and transitions, and of beginnings and endings, having two faces looking in opposite directions.
A moon of Saturn.

Jap /d͡ʒæp/ Japs n
Jap
(pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur, US) A Japanese person.

Japan /d͡ʒəˈpæn/ pn
Japon
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Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ adj
japonais Japonais
Of, relating to, or derived from Japan, its people, language, or culture.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ Japanese Japaneses n
Japonais Japonaise Nippon Nippone
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people living in or coming from Japan, or of Japanese ancestry.

Japanese /ˌd͡ʒæpəˈniːz/ pn
japonais
A language that is primarily spoken in East Asia and is the official language of Japan.

Japanese Sign Language pn
langue des signes japonaise
Sign language used in Japan. ISO 639-3 code: jsl.

Japanese beetle Japanese beetles n
scarabée japonais hanneton japonais
A beetle of species Popillia japonica, with iridescent copper-colored elytra and green thorax and head, an invasive pest outside of Japan.

Japanese encephalitis n
encéphalite japonaise
(pathology) A viral disease prevalent in south-east Asia, caused by Japanese encephalitis virus transmitted by mosquito.

Japanese giant salamander Japanese giant salamanders n
salamandre géante du Japon
a large salamander of species Andrias japonicus, native to Japan, growing up to a meter in length.

Japanese knotweed n
renouée du Japon
A large, herbaceous perennial plant, Fallopia japonica, native to Asia; it is a highly invasive colonizer outside of its native territory.

Japanese macaque Japanese macaques n
macaque japonais
A species of macaque, Macaca fuscata, native to Japan. [from 19th c.]

Japanese maple Japanese maples n
érable japonais
A species of maple, Acer palmatum, with great natural variety of appearance, often with reddish leaves for most of the year and multiple trunks, widely grown as an ornamental.

Japanese spitz Japanese spitzes n
spitz japonais
(zoology) A small breed of dog from Japan, having a somewhat square body, deep chest, and very thick, pure white double coat.

Japanese wagtail Japanese wagtails n
bergeronnette du Japon
A wagtail of species Motacilla grandis, family Motacillidae, native to Japan and Korea.

Japanese yew Japanese yews n
if du Japon
Taxus cuspidata

Japaneseness n
japonité
The quality of being Japanese.

Japanification n
japonisation nipponisation
(economy) persistent stagnation and deflation

Japanimation /d͡ʒəˌpanɪˈmeɪʃn/ Japanimations n
japanimation

Japanophile /dʒəˌpænə(ʊ)ˈfaɪl/ Japanophiles n
japonophile nippophile
A person who loves the country, culture, or people of Japan.

Japanophilia /dʒəˌpanə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪ.ə/ /d͡ʒəˌpænəˈfɪli.ə/ n
japonophilie nippophilie
A strong interest in the country, culture, or people of Japan.

Japanophobia n
japonophobie
A fear or hate of Japan and Japanese people or culture.

Japanophone more Japanophone most Japanophone adj
japanophone
Japanese-speaking

Japanophone Japanophones n
japanophone
A speaker of the Japanese language.

Japheth /(d)ʒeɪ̯ˈfɛt/ /ˈdʒɛ̯ɪfɪf/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛð/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɛθ/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪfɪθ/ pn
Jafet Japhet
(biblical character) The third son of Noah, brother to Shem and Ham, who received a blessing from God with Shem, considered to be the ancestor of the Japhetic people(s) (associated approx. with Indo-Europeans).

Japhug /dʒɑːˈpuːk/ pn
japhug
A Gyalrong language spoken in Barkam County, Rngaba, Sichuan, China.

Japonic /d͡ʒəˈpɒnɪk/ pn
japonique
A language family spoken in Japan, consisting of Japanese proper and the Ryukyuan languages.

Japonism Japonisms n
japonisme
An influence of Japanese art and culture on European art and design.

Japonisme Japonismes n
japonisme
An influence of Japanese art and culture on European art and design.

Jarai Jarai n
jaraï
A member of an ethnic group living mainly in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

Jared /ˈd͡ʒæɹəd/ /ˈd͡ʒɪɚɪd/ Jareds pn
Jéred
(biblical character) A man mentioned in the Book of Genesis, a descendant of Adam and of Seth, the father of Enoch, an ancestor of Noah.

Jasmine Jasmines pn
Jasmine
A en given name

Jason /ˈdʒeɪsən/ Jasons pn
Jason
(Greek mythology) The leader of the Argonauts, who retrieved the Golden Fleece from king Aeetes of Colchis, for his uncle Pelias.
A en given name.

Jassy pn
Jassy Iași
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Java /ˈd͡ʒɑːvə/ pn
Java
(computer language) An object-oriented, garbage-collected computer programming language.
(computer language, proscribed) JavaScript, when no distinction is made between it and Java.

Java Sea pn
mer de Java
A sea north of the island of Java in Indonesia and south of Borneo.

Java sparrow Java sparrows n
calfat de Java moineau de Java padda de Java
A species of finch Padda oryzivora, native of Java, but very commonly kept as a cage bird.

Javan /ˈd͡ʒɑːvən/ adj
Javanais
Pertaining to, or from, the island of Java

Javan /ˈd͡ʒɑːvən/ Javans n
Javanais
An inhabitant of the Indonesian island Java

Javan rhinoceros Javan rhinoceros Javan rhinoceroses n
rhinocéros de Java
A rhinoceros of species Rhinoceros sondaicus, in the family Rhinocerotidae.

Javan tiger Javan tigers n
tigre de Java
An extinct tiger that inhabited the Indonesian island of Java until the 1980s.

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ Javanese n
Javanais Javanaise
A person belonging to the Javanese people (one of the indigenous groups native to Java island).

Javanese /dʒɑː.vəˈniːz/ pn
javanais
An indigenous language spoken by Javanese people.

Javel pn
Javel

Jean Lafitte pn
Jean Lafitte

Jeannette /d͡ʒəˈnɛt/ pn
Jeannette
A en given name.

Jeddah pn
Djeddah Gedda Jeddah
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Jedi /ˈd͡ʒɛd.aɪ/ Jedi n
Jedi
(scifi) One of a fictional order of beings from the Star Wars universe who are gifted with heightened awareness of the Force.

Jediism /ˈd͡ʒɛdaɪɪz(ə)m/ pn
jediisme
A minor modern religion based on the Jedi of the Star Wars series.

Jehovah /d͡ʒəˈhoʊvə/ pn
Jéhovah
(religion) The personal name of God in the Hebrew Scriptures; in Hebrew, יהוה

Jehovah's Witness Jehovah's Witnesses n
témoin de Jéhovah
A member of a monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.

Jehovah's Witnesses pn
Témoins de Jéhovah
A monotheistic and nontrinitarian Restoration Christian denomination founded by Charles Taze Russell in 1879 as a small Bible study group. Originally known as International Bible Students or Bible Students.

Jeju pn
Jeju
An island, province, and city in South Korea.
jeju
An endangered language, sometimes considered a dialect of the Korean language, spoken on the island.

Jena /ˈd͡ʒiːnə/ /ˈjeɪnə/ pn
Iéna
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Jenin /dʒəˈniːn/ pn
Jénine
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Jeolla pn
Jeolla
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Jephthah pn
Jephté
A judge described in the Book of Judges of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Jeremiah /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈmaɪə/ pn
Jérémie
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jericho /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪkəʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkoʊ/ pn
Jéricho
A historic suburb of the English city of Oxford.

Jeroboam /ˌd͡ʒɛɹəˈboʊəm/ Jeroboams n
Jéroboam
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 3 liters of fluid, four times the volume of a standard bottle.
Jéroboam jéroboam
A bottle of Bordeaux wine containing 4.5 liters of fluid, six times the volume of a standard bottle.

Jerome /d͡ʒəˈɹəʊm/ pn
Jérôme
A en given name.

Jersey /ˈd͡ʒɜːzi/ /ˈd͡ʒɝzi/ pn
Jersey
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A breed of dairy cattle from Jersey.
An English earldom.
(US, informal) New Jersey.
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Jerusalem /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/ /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/ Jerusalems pn
Jérusalem
A number of places elsewhere, usually named after the city in the Holy Land:

Jerusalem Talmud pn
Talmud de Jérusalem
The Talmud composed and compiled primarily from the teachings, discussions and disagreements of the Amoraim of the land of Israel.

Jerusalem artichoke Jerusalem artichokes n
topinambour
A variety of sunflower, Helianthus tuberosus, native to North America, having yellow flower heads and edible tubers.

Jerusalemite adj
hiérosolymitain hiérosolymitaine hiérosolymite
Of, from, or pertaining to Jerusalem.

Jerusalemite Jerusalemites n
Hiérosolymitain Hiérosolymitaine Hiérosolymite
A native or resident of Jerusalem.

Jesse /ˈd͡ʒɛs.i/ Jesses pn
Jessé Isaï
(biblical character) The son of Obed and the father of king David.

Jessica /ˈd͡ʒɛsɪkə/ Jessicas pn
Jessica
A en given name.

Jesuate Jesuates n
jésuate

Jesuit /ˈd͡ʒɛz(j)uɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛzuɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛʒuɪt/ Jesuits n
jésuite
(Catholicism) a member of the Society of Jesus

Jesuitic /ˌd͡ʒɛzjuˈɪtɪk/ more Jesuitic most Jesuitic adj
jésuitique

Jesus /heɪˈsuːs/ /hɛˈsuːs/ /ˈd͡ʒizəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːzəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/ /ˈheɪsuːs/ /ˈhɛsuːs/ interjection
doux Jésus
(possibly, _, offensive) An exclamation, particularly used to express excitement or exasperation.

Jesus /heɪˈsuːs/ /hɛˈsuːs/ /ˈd͡ʒizəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːzəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːˌzʌs/ /ˈheɪsuːs/ /ˈhɛsuːs/ pn
Jésus
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee held to be a prophet, teacher, the son of God, and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity; also called "Jesus Christ" by Christians. Held to be a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

Jesus Christ /ˌd͡ʒiːzəs ˈkɹaɪst/ pn
Jésus-Christ
Jesus of Nazareth, a first-century Jewish religious preacher and craftsman (commonly understood to have been a carpenter, see Ancient Greek τέκτων (téktōn, “builder”)) from Galilee, held to be a prophet, teacher and the Messiah, or Christ, in Christianity. Held to be a prophet in Islam and the Baháʼí Faith.

Jesus wept interjection
doux Jésus
Expressing annoyed incredulity.

Jesus, Mary and Joseph interjection
Jésus, Marie, Joseph
(idiomatic) Expletive, used to add emphasis, particularly by Catholics.

Jew /d͡ʒuʊ̯/ /d͡ʒuː/ Jewes Jews n
juif Juif Juive juive
A member or descendant of the Jewish people.

Jew's harp Jew's harps n
guimbarde campurgne
A musical instrument consisting of a flexible metal or bamboo “tongue” attached to a frame. This tongue is placed in the performer's mouth and plucked with the finger to produce a note of constant pitch. Melodies can be created by changing the shape of the mouth and causing different overtones.

Jew's harpist Jew's harpists n
guimbardiste joueur de guimbard joueuse de guimbard
Someone who plays a Jew's harp.

Jew's-ear Jew's-ears n
oreille de Judas oreille du diable
A kind of edible fungus, Auricularia auricula-judae, growing on tree-trunks, formerly used for medicinal purposes.

Jewess Jewesses n
juive Juive
(dated, or, humorous) A female Jew.

Jewish /ˈd͡ʒuː.ɪʃ/ more Jewish most Jewish adj
juif
Being a Jew, or relating to Jews, their ethnicity, religion or culture.

Jewish /ˈd͡ʒuː.ɪʃ/ pn
juif
(informal, proscribed) The Yiddish or Hebrew language.

Jewish Autonomous Oblast pn
Oblast autonome juif
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Jewish Bolshevism n
judéo-bolchévisme
(derogatory) Soviet Communism (Marxism-Leninism) when viewed, usually by people on the right wing, as a Jewish political ideology; Judeo-Bolshevism.

Jewish Question pn
question juive

Jewishly more Jewishly most Jewishly adv
judaïquement
In a Jewish way.

Jewishness Jewishnesses n
judaïté judéité

Jewry /ˈd͡ʒuːɹi/ Jewries n
juiverie
Jewish people considered collectively. [from 14th c.]
judaïcité judaïté judeïté judéité juiverie
(historical) The quarter of a town or city inhabited either partially or exclusively by Jews; historically, its main buildings were the synagogue, the ritual bath or mikve, the kosher-oriented butchery and bakery, etc. [from 17th c.]

Jezebel /ˈd͡ʒɛzəˌbɛl/ Jezebels n
Agrippine
(pejorative) A woman who is evil, scheming, shameless, or immoral.

Jezebel /ˈd͡ʒɛzəˌbɛl/ pn
Jezebel Jézabel
(biblical character) The Phoenician princess and Queen of Ancient Israel who appears in the Old Testament (1 Kings & 2 Kings). She incited heresy and lured the Jews away from their God and back to idols.

Jharkhand /ˈd͡ʒɑː(ɹ)kənd/ pn
Jharkhand
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Jiamao pn
jiamao
A Tai-Kadai language or possible language isolate spoken in southern Hainan, China.

Jiangshanian n
Jiangshanien

Jiangsu pn
Jiangsu
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Jigglypuff Jigglypuff Jigglypuffs n
Rondoudou
(sometimes, _, attributive) Something that resembles the Pokémon Jigglypuff, e.g. by being rotund, bright pink, or able to induce sleep.

Jijiga pn
Djidjiga
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Jim /d͡ʒɪm/ Jims pn
Jacky
A diminutive of the en given name James.

Jizzakh pn
Djizak Jizzax

Joachim /joʊ.əˈkiːm/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.ə.kɪm/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.ə.kɪm/ /ˈjoʊ.kɪm/ pn
Joachim
The father of the Virgin Mary, according to apocryphal gospels.
A en given name, always rare in English.

Joanna /ˌd͡ʒoʊˈænə/ pn
Jeanne
(biblical character) One of the women following Jesus.

Job /d͡ʒɒb/ /d͡ʒɔb/ /d͡ʒəʊb/ pn
Job
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
(biblical character) A character in the Old Testament and the Qur'an, renowned for his patience.

Jocasta pn
Jocaste
(Greek mythology) The mother and wife of Oedipus.

Jocelyn /ˈd͡ʒɒslɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɒsəlɪn/ Jocelyns pn
Jocelyn Jocelyne Josselin Josseline
(dated) A en given name.
A en given name.

Joe Average Joe Averages n
Français moyen
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic individual; the common man (or person, by extension).

Joe Bloggs pn
Jean Dupont Jean du Pont
(chiefly, British) A personification of the general public, or of an average ordinary person.

Joe Public pn
Tartempion
(idiomatic) A hypothetical average or generic member of the public; the common man (or person, by extension).

Joe Sixpack pn
Bidochon
(slang) The average person.

Joel /d͡ʒoʊˈɛl/ /d͡ʒəʊˈɛl/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ(ə)l/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ(ə)l/ pn
Joël
A en given name.
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Johannesburg /d͡ʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒoʊˈhɑːnɪsbɜːrɡ/ /d͡ʒœʊ̯ˈhɛnɨsbøːɡ/ pn
Johannesbourg
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Johannic adj
johannique

John /d͡ʒɑn/ /d͡ʒɒn/ Johns pn
Jean
A en given name; very popular since the Middle Ages.
(biblical) Persons of the Christian Bible: John the Baptist; and names possibly referring to one, two or three persons, frequently called "Saint": John the Apostle, John the Evangelist and John of Patmos (also called John the Divine or John the Theologian).
(Évangile selon) Jean Jn
(biblical) The Gospel of St. John, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the fourth of the four gospels.
Jean 1 2 3 Jn
(biblical) One of the books in the New Testament of the Bible, the epistles of John (1 John, 2 John and 3 John).

John Doe John Does n
Jean Dupont Tartempion Unetelle Untel
Any unknown or anonymous male person.

John Doe pn
X
A fictitious name used in legal documents for an unknown or anonymous male person.

John Dory John Dories n
dorée saint-pierre zée
An edible marine fish (Zeus faber or Zeus ocellata), having long dorsal spines.

John Lennon glasses n
lunettes d'intellectuel petites lunettes rondes
(pluralonly) A pair of eyeglasses (spectacles) with round lenses.

John the Baptist pn
Jean le Baptiste Jean-Baptiste
A New Testament prophet who baptized Jesus and was subsequently executed by Herod Antipas.

Johnny /ˈd͡ʒɑni/ /ˈd͡ʒɒni/ pn
Jeannot
A diminutive of the en given name John.

Joigny pn
Joigny
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Joktan Joktans pn
Yoktan
(biblical) One of the two sons of Eber.

Jolly Roger /ˌdʒɑli ˈɹɑdʒɚ/ /ˌdʒɒli ˈɹɒdʒə/ Jolly Rogers n
pavillon noir pavillon pirate
The traditional flag used on European and American pirate ships, and, more recently, by submarine crews, often pictured as a white skull and crossbones on a black field; the blackjack. [from early 18th c.]

Jonah /ˈd͡ʒoʊnə/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊnə/ Jonahs n
porte-malheur
(nautical, slang) A person who brings a ship bad luck.

Jonah /ˈd͡ʒoʊnə/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊnə/ pn
Jonas
A en given name.
(biblical) A minor prophet who was cast into the sea and swallowed by a great fish.
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
The 10th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Jonathan /ˈd͡ʒɑnəθən/ /ˈd͡ʒɒnəθən/ Jonathans pn
Jonathan
A en given name of biblical origin.

Jordan /ˈd͡ʒɔɹdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːdən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɝdən/ Jordans pn
Jordanie Jourdain
The name of other rivers around the world, listed under Jordan River (disambiguation).
Jourdain Jordan Jourdan Jourden
A surname transferred from the given name derived from the male given name.

Jordanes pn
Jordanès
A male given name of historical usage.

Jordanian /d͡ʒɔɹˈdeɪniən/ /d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/ adj
jordanien
Of, from, or pertaining to Jordan or the Jordanian people.

Jordanian /d͡ʒɔɹˈdeɪniən/ /d͡ʒɔːˈdeɪnɪən/ Jordanians n
Jordanien Jordanienne
A person from Jordan or of Jordanian descent.

Joseph /ˈd͡ʒoʊsəf/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊzəf/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊzəf/ Josephs pn
Joseph
(biblical) Eleventh and favorite son of Jacob, by his wife Rachel.
The husband of Virgin Mary.
sourate Youssouf
The 12th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.
Joseph José
A en given name

Josephine /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.zə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.sə.fiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.zə.fiːn/ pn
Joséphine
A en given name

Josephinism n
joséphisme
The domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor.

Joshua /ˈd͡ʒɒʃ(j)uːə/ pn
Josué
The sixth book of the Old Testament of Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
A en given name.

Joshua tree Joshua trees n
arbre de Jésus
A tree-like yucca, Yucca brevifolia, of the southwestern United States, with spiky leaves.

Josiah /d͡ʒoʊˈzaɪə/ pn
Josias
(biblical character) A king of Judah.

Joule heating n
effet Joule

Jouy-en-Josas pn
Jouy-en-Josas
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Jove /d͡ʒoʊv/ /d͡ʒəʊv/ interjection
Jupin
An expression of surprise or amazement.

Jovian /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vi.ən/ more Jovian most Jovian adj
jovien jupitérien
(Roman mythology) Pertaining to the Roman god Jove or Jupiter (the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus); Jove-like; befitting Jupiter.

Joycean /ˈd͡ʒɔɪsi.ən/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɪsɪ.ən/ more Joycean most Joycean adj
joycien
Of or pertaining to James Joyce (1882–1941) or his writings.

Jr. adj
fils
A title used after a son's name when his father has the same name.

Juba pn
Djouba
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Judah /ˈd͡ʒuː.də/ pn
Juda
(biblical character) The fourth son of Jacob, by his wife Leah; the father of Perez.
(biblical) The southern Israelite kingdom which continued to be ruled by the Davidic dynasty after Solomon's death and the breakup of the united monarchy, with the northern portion keeping the name Israel.

Judaic /d͡ʒuˈdeɪ̯.ɪk/ adj
judaïque
Pertaining to the Jews, their culture or their religion.

Judaism /d͡ʒuˈdeɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.deɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.diˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.dəˌɪz.əm/ /ˈd͡ʒuːˌdeɪ.ɪz.əm/ Judaisms pn
judaïsme
An Abrahamic religion tracing its origin to the Hebrew people of the ancient Middle East, as documented in their religious writings, the Tanakh.

Judaization Judaizations n
judaïsation
The act of Judaizing; a conforming to the Jewish religion or culture.

Judaize /ˈd͡ʒuːdeɪˌaɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdiˌaɪz/ v
judaïser
(transitive) To impose Jewish observances or rites upon; to convert to Judaism; to make Jewish.

Judaizer Judaizers n
judaïsant judaïsante
(historical) One of the Jews who accepted Christianity but still adhered to the law of Moses and worshipped in the temple at Jerusalem.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ Judases n
Judas
A traitor; a person not to be trusted.

Judas /ˈd͡ʒuːdəs/ pn
Judas
(biblical character) One of the twelve original Apostles of Jesus, known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.
(biblical, archaic) Alternative form of Jude, the penultimate book of the Bible and its ascribed author, Jude the Apostle.

Judas Iscariot pn
Judas Iscariote
(biblical character) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the New Testament, who betrayed Jesus into the hands of the chief priests for 30 pieces of silver.

Judas kiss Judas kisses n
baiser de Judas
Any act of treachery under the guise of kindness.

Judas tree Judas trees n
arbre de Judas arbre de Judée
A small deciduous tree, Cercis siliquastrum, noted for its prolific display of deep-pink flowers in spring.

Jude /ˈd͡ʒuːd/ pn
(Épître de) Jude
(biblical) The penultimate book of the New Testament of the Bible.

Judea /d͡ʒuˈdeɪ.ə/ /d͡ʒuˈdiːə/ pn
Judée
Roman rendition of Judah. Used after the fall of the Davidic dynasty and through the period as part of the Roman Empire.

Judeo-Aramaic pn
judéo-araméen
A group of Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages.

Judeo-Christian adj
judéo-chrétien
(Judaism, Christianity) Of or pertaining to Judaism and Christianity. [1821]

Judeo-Christianity n
judéo-christianisme

Judeophobia n
judéophobie
An irrational fear or hatred of Jews.

Judges pn
Juges
(biblical) The seventh book of the Old Testament, and a book of the Hebrew Tanakh.

Judith /ˈd͡ʒuːdɪθ/ pn
Judith
A en given name
The protagonist of the Biblical book of Judith.
A wife of Esau.

Jul. pn
juil.
abbreviation of July

Jules /d͡ʒuːlz/ /ʒuːl/ pn
Jules
A en given name.

Julia /ˈd͡ʒuːli.ə/ Julias pn
Julie
A en given name.

Julian /d͡ʒuː.liˈæn/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.li.ən/ adj
julien
Of or relating to Julius Caesar.

Julian /d͡ʒuː.liˈæn/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.li.ən/ pn
Julien
A en given name, from Iulius.
A en given name.

Julian calendar n
calendrier julien
The calendar which was used in the western world before the present-day Gregorian calendar. The Julian calendar differed in having all multiple-of-4 years as leap years.

Juliana pn
Julienne
A en given name, Latin feminine form of Julianus, derivative of Julius.

Juliet /ˈd͡ʒuliət/ /ˈd͡ʒuːlɪɛt/ /ˌd͡ʒuliˈɛt/ pn
Juliette
A en given name.
One of the main characters of William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet.

Julius /ˈd͡ʒuːliəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːljəs/ /ˈd͡ʒuːləs/ pn
Jules Julius
A en given name.

July /d͡ʒuˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒəˈlaɪ/ /d͡ʒʊˈlaɪ/ Julies Julys pn
juillet
The seventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following June and preceding August. Abbreviation: Jul or Jul.

July Monarchy pn
monarchie de Juillet
A period of liberal constitutional monarchy in France under King Louis-Philippe starting with the July Revolution (or Three Glorious Days) of 1830 and ending with the February Revolution of 1848.

July Revolution pn
Révolution de Juillet

June /d͡ʒjuːn/ /d͡ʒuːn/ Junes pn
juin
The sixth month of the Gregorian calendar, following May and preceding July. Abbreviation: Jun or Jun.

Juneau /ˈd͡ʒunoʊ/ Juneaus pn
Juneau
A surname from French.
A placename
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Juno /ˈd͡ʒunoʊ/ pn
Junon
(Roman god) The queen of the gods, equivalent of the Greek Hera.
(astronomy) 3 Juno, the third asteroid discovered.

Jupiter /ˈd͡ʒupɪtɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒupɪɾɚ] pn
Jupiter
(Roman god) The King of the Gods, also called Jove. Equivalent to the Greek Zeus, Jupiter was one of the children of Saturn. As supreme god of the Roman pantheon, Jupiter was the god of thunder, lightning, and storms, and appropriately called the god of light and sky.
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Jupiter mass Jupiter masses n
masse de Jupiter
(astronomy) A unit of mass equal to the mass of the planet Jupiter, used to express the mass of other planets. 1 MJ = 2 × 1027 kg.

Jura /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹə/ /ˈd͡ʒʊɹə/ pn
le canton du Jura
Jura
The Jura Mountains, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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Jurassic /d͡ʒʊˈɹæs.ɪk/ pn
jurassique Jurassique
(geology, paleontology) The period from 201.3±0.2 to 145 million years ago, after the Triassic and before the Cretaceous; the geologic systems of this period.

Jurchenic pn
jurchenique

Juris Doctor Juris Doctors n
docteur en droit
A professional doctorate in law, and in some countries, a first professional graduate degree.

Justice of the Peace Justices of the Peace n
juge de paix
A judicial officer with varying responsibilities depending on the jurisdiction.

Justin /ˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪn/ pn
Justin
A en given name. Popular in the English-speaking world since the 1970s.

Justine pn
Justine
A en given name.
A en given name.

Justinian pn
Justinien
A family name in Late Antiquity, notably that of Justinian I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565.

Justinianian more Justinianian most Justinianian adj
justinianéen
Of or relating to the Byzantine emperor Justinian.

Justus pn
Just
A en given name.

Jutland /ˈd͡ʒʌt.lənd/ pn
Jutland
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Jutlander /ˈd͡ʒʌtlændəɹ/ Jutlanders n
Jutlandais Jutlandaise
A native or inhabitant of Jutland.

Jèrriais /ʒɛɹ.i.ˈeɪ/ /ˈʒɛɹ.i.eɪ/ pn
jersiais
A Romance language spoken in Jersey, one of the Channel Islands.

K /keɪ/ [kʰeɪ] Ks n
R
(baseball) On a baseball scorecard, a frontwards K signifies striking out while swinging the bat, while a backwards K signifies striking out while looking.

K-drama K-dramas n
drama coréen
(uncountable) Dramatic television series produced in South Korea.

K-pop n
K-pop pop coréenne
(music genre) South Korean pop music influenced by Western styles.

K2 /keɪˈtuː/ pn
K2
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KF94 KF94s n
KF94
(countable) Ellipsis of KF94 filter., a filter implementing the standard

KFC KFCs pn
KFC PFK
Initialism of Kentucky Fried Chicken.

KGB pn
KGB
(historical) The Committee for State Security of the Soviet Union (the Soviet security service).

KN95 KN95s n
KN95
(uncountable) An air particulate filtration standard originating in the People's Republic of China, which requires filtration of 95% of air particulates 0.3 microns and larger.
(countable) Ellipsis of KN95 filter., a filter implementing the standard

KT pn
K. T.
(geology) Initialism of Cretaceous–Tertiary.

Kaaba /ˈkɑːbə/ pn
Ka'ba
The nearly cubical stone temple in Mecca, the holiest place in Islam and site of the great hajj assembly

Kabardino-Balkariya pn
Kabardino-Balkarie
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in the Northern Caucasus mountains.

Kabballah pn
kabbale
(Judaism) A body of mystical Jewish teachings based on an esoteric reading of the Hebrew scriptures.

Kabukicho /kəˈbuːkiːˌt͡ʃoʊ/ pn
Kabukicho Kabukichō
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Kabul /ˈkɑːbəl/ pn
Kaboul
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Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ more Kabyle most Kabyle adj
kabyle
Pertaining to these people or their language.

Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ Kabyles n
Kabyle
A member of a Berber ethnic group inhabiting Algeria and Tunisia, speaking the Kabyle language.

Kabyle /kəˈbaɪl/ pn
kabyle
A Northern Berber language of the Berber branch of the Afroasiatic language family, spoken by over 3,000,000 people in Algeria; native name Taqbaylit.

Kabylia /kəˈbɪliə/ /kəˈbɪlɪ.ə/ pn
Kabylie

Kachin n
Kachin
Any of a number of non-Burman ethnolinguistic groups in Kachin State, Burma, including the Jingpho people.

Kachin pn
Kachin
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Kafkaesque /ˌkæfkəˈɛsk/ /ˌkæfkəˈɹɛsk/ /ˌkɑfkəˈɛsk/ more Kafkaesque most Kafkaesque adj
kafkaïen
Marked by a senseless, disorienting, often menacing complexity.

Kahler's disease n
maladie de Kahler
multiple myeloma

Kahlúa /kəˈluːə/ Kahlúas pn
Kahlúa
A brand of heavy, sweet, coffee flavored liqueur made in Mexico; a variety or serving of this drink.

Kahnawake pn
Kahnawake

Kairouan pn
Kairouan

Kairouani more Kairouani most Kairouani adj
kairouanais
Of or pertaining to Kairouan.

Kairouani Kairouanis n
Kairouanais Kairouanaise
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Kairouan.

Kaiser /ˈkaɪzə(ɹ)/ /ˈkaɪzɚ/ Kaisers n
empereur kaiser
An emperor of a German-speaking country, particularly the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806), the Austrian Empire/Austria-Hungary (1806–1918), or the German Empire (1871–1918) — often specifically Wilhelm II.

Kaiserslautern /ˌkaɪzəsˈlaʊtən/ /ˌkaɪzɚsˈlaʊtɚn/ pn
Caseloutre Kaiserslautern
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Kakheti pn
Kakhétie
A region in Eastern Georgia (country), with Telavi as its regional capital

Kakhovka pn
Kakhovka
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Kalash n
Kalash
A Dardic indigenous group residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They speak the Kalasha language.

Kalashnikov /kəˈlæʃ.nɪˌkɒf/ /kəˈlæʃnəˌkɑf/ pn
kalashnikov AK kalash АК-47
A particular model of Russian assault rifle.

Kali /ˈkæli/ /ˈkɑːli/ pn
Kâlî
(Hinduism) A goddess in Hinduism, one of the most significant figures within that religion, who destroys evil forces and bestows liberation.

Kaliningrad /kəˈlinɪnɡræd/ /kəˈliːnɪnɡrad/ pn
Kaliningrad
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Kalmyk adj
kalmouk
Of, or pertaining to, Kalmykia

Kalmykia pn
Kalmoukie
A republic of Russia in the south-west of the country, with capital Elista.

Kaluga pn
Kalouga
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Kalymnos pn
Kalymnos
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Kama pn
Kama
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Kama Sutra pn
Kâmasûtra
A Sanskrit treatise (sutra) setting forth rules for sensuous and sensual pleasure, love, and marriage in accordance with Hindu law.

Kamchatka pn
Kamtchatka
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Kamchukotic pn
kamtchoukotique
Chukotko-Kamchatkan language family

Kamloops pn
Kamloops
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River.
Kamloops Lac Kamloops
Ellipsis of Kamloops Lake.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, located at the confluence of the two branches of the Thompson River.

Kampong Chhnang pn
Kampong Chhnang
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Kampuchea /kæmpəˈt͡ʃiːə/ pn
Kampuchéa
, used from 1975 to 1989.

Kamyshlov pn
Kamychlov

Kan extension Kan extensions n
extension de Kan
(category theory) A construct that generalizes the notion of extending a function's domain of definition.

Kanak /kəˈnæk/ Kanak Kanaks n
Canaque Kanak Kanake canaque
An indigenous Melanesian inhabitant of New Caledonia.

Kandalaksha pn
Kandalakcha
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Kangaroos n
Kangourous

Kannada /ˈkænədə/ /ˈkɑːnədə/ n
kannada kannara
The Dravidian language that is the official language of the state of Karnataka, India.

Kansai dialect pn
Kansei-ben
A group of Japanese dialects in the Kansai region (Kinki region) of Japan.

Kansas City /ˌkænzəˈsɪti/ [kæ̃ˈsɪɾi] pn
Kansas City
A large metropolitan area straddling the border between Kansas and Missouri, USA. Kansas City is split into two separate cities:

Kanuri /kəˈnuːri/ pn
kanouri
A Nilo-Saharan language spoken in Niger, Nigeria, and Chad.

Kaqchikel pn
cakchiquel
The language of this people.

Karachay-Balkar pn
karatchaï-balkar
A Turkic language of Russia.

Karachay-Cherkessia pn
Karatchaïévo-Tcherkessie
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Karachi /kəˈrɑːt͡ʃi/ pn
Karachi
TemplateParserError:LuaError, situated along the Arabian Sea. It is the largest city in Pakistan.

Karaikal pn
Karikal
A district containing this town.

Karaism /ˈkæɹə.ɪzəm/ pn
karaïsme
A Jewish movement that recognises only the Tanakh as a supreme legal authority, distinct from Rabbinic Judaism.

Karakalpak /ˌkæɹəˈkælpæk/ pn
karakalpak
A Turkic language of Uzbekistan and neighboring countries.

Karakalpakstan /ke(ə)ɹ-/ /kɑɹ.ə.kɑl.pɑk.stæn/ /kɛ(ə)ɹ.ə.kæl.pæk.stæn/ pn
Karakalpakistan
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Karbala pn
Kerbala

Karelia /kəˈɹeɪlɪə/ /kəˈɹiːlɪə/ /kəˈɹɛlɪə/ pn
Carélie République de Carélie
A region to the north of Saint Petersburg in Russia and Finland.

Karelian adj
carélien
Of, or pertaining to, Karelia or its people, culture or language.

Karelian Karelians n
Carélien Carélienne
Someone from Karelia.

Karelian pn
carélien Carélien
A language closely related to Finnish, spoken in Karelia, Russia and Finland.

Karen /kəˈɹɛn/ Karen Karens n
karen
A member of a diverse ethnic group originating in Myanmar and Thailand.

Karen /kəˈɹɛn/ pn
karen
A group of Sino-Tibetan languages spoken by people of the Karen ethnic group, also called Karenic.

Karen /ˈkæɹən/ /ˈkɛɹən/ pn
Carin Carine Karin Karine Karyne
A en given name.

Kargil pn
Kargil
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Karin /kəˈɹɪn/ /ˈkærɪn/ pn
Karine
A en given name.

Karlovac pn
Karlovac
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Karlskrona pn
Karlskrona
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Karluk Karluk Karluks n
Qarluq
A member of a nomadic Turkic tribal confederacy residing in Kara-Irtysh and the Tarbagatai Mountains, closely related to the Uyghurs.

Karnataka /kɑːɹˈnɑːtəkə/ /kəɹˈnɑːtəkə/ pn
Karnataka
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Kashgar pn
Kachgar Kashgar Kashi
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Kashmir /kæʃ.ˈmiɹ/ /kæʒ.ˈmiɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.miɹ/ /ˈkæʒ.miɹ/ pn
Cachemire
A region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, located between (and de facto divided between) China, India, and Pakistan.

Kashmir Valley pn
vallée du Cachemire
A valley around 135 km long and 32 km wide, formed by the Jhelum river, located between the Karakoram and the Pir Panjal Range, within the central Indian-controlled part of the disputed region of Kashmir.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ adj
cachemiri
Of or pertaining to the people or region of Kashmir or the Kashmiri language.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ Kashmiris n
Cachemiri Cachemirie
A native or resident of Kashmir, or a descendant of such a person.

Kashmiri /kæʃˈmiɹi/ pn
cachemiri
The Dardic Indo-Aryan language spoken in Kashmir.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ adj
kachoube
Of or relating to the Kashubian people and their language.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ Kashubians n
Cachoube
A member of the Kashubian people; a person from Kashubia.

Kashubian /kəˈʃuːbɪən/ pn
kachoube
A Slavic language spoken in the Pomeranian region of Poland.

Kasimovian pn
Kasimovien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Kassel pn
Cassel
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Kasserine /ˈkæsəˌɹɪn/ pn
Kasserine
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Kassos pn
Kassos
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Katanga pn
Katanga

Katangese more Katangese most Katangese adj
katangais
From, in or relating to Katanga (all senses).

Katangese n
Katangais
The inhabitants or descendants of the people of Katanga (all senses).

Katharevousa /ˌkaθəˈɹɛvuːsə/ /ˌkɑθəˈɹɛvusɑ/ /ˌkɑθəˈɹɛvəsɑ/ pn
katharévousa
A learned, archaising form of Modern Greek, based on Classical Greek and used for formal and official purposes; it was legally displaced as the official language of Greece in 1976 by Demotic Greek.

Kathmandu /ˌkætmænˈduː/ pn
Katmandou Kathmandu Kātmāndū
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Katian pn
Katien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.

Katuic adj
katuique katuiques

Katya pn
Katia
A en given name, equivalent to English Kate.

Katyusha Katyushas n
Katioucha orgue de Staline
A type of artillery rocket launcher consisting of an array of rockets mounted on a truck, originated in the Soviet Union.

Kaunas pn
Kaunas
The second largest city of Lithuania.

Kavala pn
Kavala
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Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ adj
kazakh
Of, from, or pertaining to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh people or the Kazakh language.

Kazakh /kəˈzak/ /kəˈzɑk/ /kəˈzɑːk/ /ˈkazak/ Kazakhs n
Kazakh Kazakhe
(countable) A person from Kazakhstan or of that descent.
kazakh
(uncountable) The national language of Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan /ˈkæzəkstæn/ /ˈkæzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstæn/ /ˈkɑzəkˌstɑn/ /ˈkɑːzəkstɑːn/ pn
Kazakhstan
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Kazan pn
Kazan
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(historical) the Khanate of Kazan, a Tatar Turkic state that occupied the territory of former Volga Bulgaria between 1438 and 1552.

Kebnekaise [ˈkɛbnəˌkaisə] pn
Kebnekaise
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Keeshond /ˈkeɪ̯sn̩d/ /ˈkeɪ̯zn̩d/ Keeshonden Keeshonds n
spitz loup
A spitz bred in the Netherlands and Germany, characterized by a fluffy coat of silver and black fur.

Kelly /ˈkɛli/ Kellies pn
Kelly
A en given name
A en given name.

Kelowna /kəˈloʊnə/ pn
Kelowna
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Kelsenian more Kelsenian most Kelsenian adj
kelsénien
Of or relating to Hans Kelsen (1881–1973), Austrian legal and political philosopher.

Kemalism pn
kémalisme
Kemalist ideology

Kemalist adj
kémaliste
Of or pertaining to the ideology of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; following the ideals of Kemalism, including separation of the new Turkish state from its Ottoman predecessor and the embracement of Western-style democracy and secularism.

Kemalist Kemalists n
kémaliste
One who follows the ideals of Kemalism.

Kemerovo pn
Kemerovo
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Kentucky /kənˈtʌki/ /kɛnˈtʌki/ pn
Kentucky
TemplateParserError:LuaError; largest city: Louisville. Formally known as the Commonwealth of Kentucky, one of four such states known as Commonwealths.

Kenya /ˈkiːn.jə/ /ˈkɛn.jə/ [ˈkɛ.ɲa] pn
Kenya
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Kenyan adj
kényan kenyan
Of, from, or pertaining to Kenya or the Kenyan people.

Kenyan Kenyans n
Kényan
A person from Kenya or of Kenyan descent.

Kenyan English n
anglais kenyan
The English language as written and spoken in Kenya, and among Kenyan expatriates in other countries.

Kepler's equation pn
équation de Kepler
(astronomy, celestial mechanics) the mathematical relationship between the mean anomaly (M) and the eccentric anomaly (E) of a planet in an elliptical orbit with eccentricity ( \textstyle \epsilon ). M = E - \epsilon \cdot \sin(E).

Kerberos /ˈkɜɹbəɹəs/ /ˈkɜːbəɹəs/ pn
Kerbéros
(astronomy) The 4th moon of Pluto, discovered in 2011.

Kerch pn
Kertch
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Kerfourn pn
Kerfourn
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Kerguelen Kerguelens pn
Kerguelen
(countable) A French surname from Breton.

Kerguelen Islands pn
Archipel Kerguelen Îles Kerguelen
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A group of islands in the Antarctic, south of the Indian Ocean
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Kerguelen cabbage Kerguelen cabbages n
chou de Kerguelen
The edible, wind-pollinated flowering plant Pringlea antiscorbutica..

Kermodism n
kermodisme
A genetic trait in Kermode bears, a subspecies of black bears, Ursus americanus, in which a white-skinned offspring is born.

Ket pn
kete
The Yeniseian language of these people.

Kevin /ˈkɛvən/ /ˈkɛvɪn/ Kevins pn
Kevin Kévin
A en given name.

Keynesian /ˈkeɪnziən/ more Keynesian most Keynesian adj
keynésien
(economics) Of or pertaining to an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s, and extensively extended by a large body of followers before and after his death in 1946.

Keynesianism /ˈkeɪnziənɪz.m̩/ Keynesianisms n
keynésianisme
(economics) A prescriptive or normative economic stance according to which the state should actively stimulate economic growth and improve stability in the private sector through interest rates, taxation and public projects.

Khabarovsk /ˈkɑbəɹɑfsk/ /ˈkɑːbəɹɒfsk/ pn
Khabarovsk
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Khabarovsk Krai pn
Kraï de Khabarovsk
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Khakassia pn
Khakassie
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Khalid pn
Khalid
A en given name

Khan Younus pn
Khan Younès
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Khanty-Mansiysk pn
Khanty-Mansiïsk
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Kharijite Kharijites n
kharidjite
(Islam, historical) A member of a reactionary Islamic sect in the 7th and 8th centuries.

Kharkiv /hɑɹˈkiv/ /hɑːˈkiːv/ /kɑɹˈkiv/ /kɑːˈkiːv/ /ˈhɑɹkiv/ /ˈhɑɹkɪv/ /ˈhɑːkiːv/ /ˈhɑːkɪv/ /ˈkɑɹkiv/ /ˈkɑɹkɪv/ /ˈkɑːkiːv/ /ˈkɑːkɪv/ /ˈxɑɹkiv/ /ˈxɑːkiːv/ pn
Kharkiv Kharkov
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Kharkivian more Kharkivian most Kharkivian adj
kharkivien
Of or associated with the city of TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kharkivite Kharkivites n
Kharkivien Kharkivienne
A native or inhabitant of Kharkiv, Ukraine.

Khartoum /kɑː(ɹ)ˈtuːm/ pn
Khartoum
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Khasi pn
khasi
The Austroasiatic language of the Khasi people.

Khazar /kəˈzɑː/ /kəˈzɑːɹ/ Khazar Khazars n
khazar
A member of a semi-nomadic Turkic tribe that occupied a large part of southwestern Russia and Ukraine (Khazaria).

Khe Sanh /keɪˈsaɪn/ /keɪˈsɑːn/ /kɛːˈsaɪn/ /kɛːˈsɑːn/ pn
Khe Sanh
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Kherson /hɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ /kɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ /xɜː(ɹ)ˈsɔːn/ pn
Kherson
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Khimki pn
Khimki
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Khinalug pn
khinalug
A Northeast Caucasian language spoken mainly in the villages of Khinalug and Qalayxudat just north of Quba (Quba Rayon, Azerbaijan).
Khinalug
A person belonging to this people of the Greater Caucasus mountains.

Khmer /kəˈmɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈkmɛə(ɹ)/ [kʰəˈmɛɹ] more Khmer most Khmer adj
khmer
Of or pertaining to the Khmer people or their language.

Khmer /kəˈmɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈkmɛə(ɹ)/ [kʰəˈmɛɹ] Khmer Khmers n
khmer cambodgien
A member of an ethnolinguistic group that constitutes most of the population of Cambodia.

Khmer Rouge /kəˈmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/ /ˈkmɛəɹ ˈɹuːʒ/ pn
Khmers rouges
(historical) A Cambodian communist guerrilla force active from the 1970s to the 1990s under the leadership of Pol Pot.

Khmu /kəˈmuː/ Khmu Khmus n
Kammu Khmu
A member of an ethnic group of Southeast Asia mainly living in northern Laos.

Khmu /kəˈmuː/ pn
kammu khmu
The Austroasiatic language spoken by the Khmu people.

Khoisan /ˈkɔɪsɑːn/ /ˈkɔɪˌsɑn/ pn
Khoisan
The group of languages associated with the Khoisan including the Khoi, Kx'a and Tuu families, sometimes to the inclusion of the Hadza and Sandawe language isolates of Tanzania.

Khorasan pn
Khorasan Khorassan
(historical) The Sassanian and post-Islamic Persian name for the region of Parthia located in north east of Persia (Iran), sometimes covering also parts of Central Asia and Afghanistan; the Greater Khorasan.

Khorasan wheat n
blé khorasan
An ancient tetraploid species or subspecies of wheat (Triticum turanicum), historically cultivated in Central Asia.

Khotanese /kəʊtəˈniːz/ pn
khotanais
An extinct Eastern Iranian language formerly spoken in the Kingdom of Khotan.

Khrushchev /-t͡ʃɒv/ /-t͡ʃɛv/ /ˈkruːʃ-/ /ˈkrʊʃ.t͡ʃɒf/ pn
Khrouchtchev
English transliteration of the Russian surname Хрущёв; usually refers to the Russian revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Nikita Khrushchev.

Kielburger Kielburgers pn
Kielburger

Kierkegaardian /ˌkɪəkəˈɡɑːdɪ.ən/ /ˌkɪɹkəˈɡɑɹdi.ən/ more Kierkegaardian most Kierkegaardian adj
kierkegaardien
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855) or his existentialist philosophy.

Kievan Rus pn
Rus de Kiev Rus' de Kiev
(historical) A medieval principality in Eastern Europe centred around Kiev; considered an early predecessor of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus.

Kihnu pn
Kihnu
An island in the Gulf of Riga, the seventh largest island of Estonia.

Kildin Sami pn
sami de Kildin
One of the languages spoken by the Sami people, written using the Cyrillic alphabet ([1]).

Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪləmənˈd͡ʒɑɹoʊ/ /ˌkɪlɪmənˈd͡ʒɑːɹəʊ/ pn
Kilimandjaro
A volcano in Tanzania, the highest peak in Africa at 5,895 meters (19,321 feet).

Kim /kɪm/ Kims pn
Kim
A surname from Korean, the English form of a surname very common in Korea. (^김, hanja: 金), the most common Korean surname.

Kimbanguism pn
kimbanguisme

Kimmeridgian pn
Kimméridgien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

Kin-Ball n
kin-ball

Kinew Kinews pn
Kinew

King Arthur pn
roi Arthur
A legendary king of Britain, said to have led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century.

King James Version /ˌkɪŋ ˈdʒeɪmz ˌvɜː.ʃən/ /ˌkɪŋ ˈdʒeɪmz ˌvɜː.ʒən/ /ˌkɪŋ ˈdʒeɪmz ˌvɝː.ʃən/ /ˌkɪŋ ˈdʒeɪmz ˌvɝː.ʒən/ pn
Bible du roi Jacques
(biblical, Christianity) An English translation, published in 1611, of the Bible from the original Hebrew (Old Testament) and Greek (New Testament) commissioned for the Church of England, which is the version most quoted and influential in English literature and English Protestant religious culture.

King's Counsel n
conseiller du Roi

Kingdom Hall Kingdom Halls n
Salle du Royaume Salle du Royaume des Témoins de Jéhovah
A place where Jehovah's Witnesses meet for fellowship and worship.

Kingdom of Bahrain pn
Royaume de Bahreïn
The official name of Bahrain.

Kingdom of Belgium pn
Royaume de Belgique
The official name of Belgium.

Kingdom of Cambodia pn
Royaume du Cambodge
The official name of Cambodia.

Kingdom of Denmark pn
Royaume du Danemark Royaume de Danemark
The official name of Denmark, including Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Kingdom of England pn
Royaume d'Angleterre
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Kingdom of Great Britain pn
Royaume de Grande-Bretagne

Kingdom of Heaven pn
Royaume des cieux
(Christianity) A concept of heaven as a hierarchical dominion with God at the top and a court of saints, archangels and angels.

Kingdom of Italy pn
Royaume d'Italie

Kingdom of Morocco pn
Royaume du Maroc
The official name of Morocco.

Kingdom of Naples pn
Royaume de Naples Royaume de Sicile en Deçà du Détroit de Messine Sicile Citérieure Sicile Péninsulaire

Kingdom of Norway pn
Royaume de Norvège
The official name of Norway.

Kingdom of Sardinia pn
Royaume de Sardaigne royaume de Sardaigne
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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia pn
Royaume d'Arabie Saoudite
The official name of Saudi Arabia.

Kingdom of Scotland pn
Royaume d'Écosse
TemplateParserError:LuaError, until the foundation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain on the First of May 1707.

Kingdom of Spain pn
Royaume d'Espagne Royaume d’Espagne
The official name of Spain.

Kingdom of Sweden pn
Royaume de Suède
The official name of Sweden.

Kingdom of Thailand pn
Royaume de Thaïlande
The official name of Thailand.

Kingdom of Yugoslavia pn
Royaume de Yougoslavie
the official name of former Yugoslavia in the interwar period (1929-1943), after Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918-1929)

Kingdom of the Netherlands pn
Royaume des Pays-Bas
A monarchy consisting of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten.

Kingdom of the Two Sicilies pn
Royaume des Deux-Siciles
(historical) A former kingdom in southern Italy with its capital at Palermo and Naples between 1816 and 1861, covering Sicily and most of the present-day Mezzogiorno.

Kings pn
Rois
(biblical) One of the various books called Kings in the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Kingstown pn
Kingstown
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(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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Kinshasa /kɪnˈʃɑːsə/ pn
Kinshasa
TemplateParserError:LuaError (formerly Zaire), in the western part of the country on the Congo River.

Kiribati /kiː.ɹɪˈbæs/ /ˈkiː.ɹɪ.bæs/ /ˈkɪrəbæs/ /ˈkɪrəbɑːti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑ.ti/ /ˌkiː.ɹɪˈbɑs/ pn
Kiribati
The Micronesian language spoken in Kiribati.

Kiribatian adj
kiribatien
Of, from, or pertaining to Kiribati, the Kiribatian people or language.

Kiribatian Kiribatians n
Kiribatien Kiribatienne
A person from Kiribati or of Kiribatian descent.

Kirsch-lès-Sierck pn
Kirsch-lès-Sierck

Kirundi /kɪˈruːndi/ /kɪˈrʊndi/ pn
Kirundi
The standardized dialect of the Bantu language Rwanda-Rundi which is spoken in Burundi.

Kissinger /ˈkɪsənd͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪsənd͡ʒɚ/ Kissingers pn
Kissinger
A surname.

Kitara pn
Kitara Kittara Kitwara
(history) A legendary empire in African oral tradition, supposed to have lasted until the 16th century and to have included territory in modern Uganda, northern Tanzania, eastern Congo (DRC), Rwanda, and Burundi.

Kitchener pn
Kitchener
A surname originating as an occupation for someone who worked in a kitchen.
Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal in the First World War

Klaukkala pn
Klaukkala
village in Nurmijärvi Municipality, located in Finland's Uusimaa province.

Kleene star Kleene stars n
étoile de Kleene

Klein bottle Klein bottles n
bouteille de Klein
(topology) The closed manifold obtained by identifying the boundary components of the annulus so that the resultant surface is nonorientable.

Klinefelter syndrome n
syndrome de Klinefelter
A genetic condition in which a person is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome.

Klingon /ˈkliŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɒn/ Klingons n
Klingon
(countable) Member of an alien warrior race in the Star Trek universe with distinctive forehead ridges and a culture based on strict observance of honour, loyalty, and combat.

Klingon /ˈkliŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɑn/ /ˈklɪŋɒn/ pn
klingon
An artificial language created by Marc Okrand for the film Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan.

Knesset /kəˈnɛsət/ /kəˈnɛsɛt/ /ˈknɛsɛt/ /ˈnɛsət/ /ˈnɛsɛt/ pn
Knesset
The Israeli parliament, located in Jerusalem.

Knidos /ˈ(k)naɪdɒs/ pn
Cnide
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the location of the Ancient Greek city Caria.

Knossos pn
Cnossos
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Knoxville /nɑksˌvɪl/ /nɒksˌvɪl/ pn
Knoxville
The name of a number of places in the United States of America:

Koala Koalas pn
Koala
(countable) A surname.

Kobane /ˌkəˈbɒni/ pn
Kobané

Koblenz pn
Coblence
TemplateParserError:LuaError, at the confluence of the Rhine and Moselle Rivers.

Koch's bacillus Koch's bacilli n
bacille de Koch
(now, chiefly, historical) The bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis.

Kochi pn
Kochi Kōchi
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Cochin
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Kodiak bear /ˈkoʊdiˌæk/ Kodiak bears n
ours kodiak
The largest brown bear, Ursus arctos middendorffi, found on Kodiak Island off the south coast of Alaska, United States.

Koine /kɔɪˈneɪ/ /ˈkɔɪneɪ/ /ˈkɔɪniː/ pn
koinè
The “common” Greek language that developed and flourished between 300 B.C.E. and 300 C.E. (the time of the Roman Empire), and from which Modern Greek descended. It was based on the Attic and Ionian dialects of Ancient Greek.

Kokand pn
Kokand

Kola Peninsula pn
presqu'île de Kola péninsule de Kola
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Komodo dragon /kəˈmoʊdoʊ ˈdɹæɡən/ Komodo dragons n
dragon de Komodo varan de Komodo
Varanus komodoensis, an endangered species of monitor lizard native to certain Indonesian islands east of Java, the world's largest lizard, growing to 10 feet or 3 meters, known for its ability to kill prey with its septic saliva.

Komondor Komondorok Komondors n
Komondor
A large Hungarian breed of livestock guard dog with a long, corded coat.

Komotini pn
Komotiní
A city in Thrace, northeastern Greece.

Komsomol pn
Komsomol
(historical) Young Communist League, the former youth wing of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

Komsomolsk pn
Komsomolsk Komsomolsk-sur-l’Amour
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Amur river; in full, Komsomolsk-na-Amure or Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

Konami Code pn
code Konami
(video games) The cheat code "↑↑↓↓←→←→BA", usable in multiple video games.

Kongo pn
kikongo
A Bantu language (or family of languages) of Central Africa.

Konkani /ˈkoːŋkəni/ /ˈkɒŋkəni/ /ˈkɔŋkəni/ Konkani Konkanis n
konkani
A member of the indigenous peoples of the Konkan coast of India.

Konkani /ˈkoːŋkəni/ /ˈkɒŋkəni/ /ˈkɔŋkəni/ pn
konkani
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Konkan region of India.

Konotop pn
Konotop
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Konstanz pn
Constance
A city in south Germany on Lake Constance, on Swiss border.

Korah pn
Coré
A biblical character who rebelled against Moses.

Korea /kəˈɹi.ə/ /kəˈɹiːə/ [kʰɵˈɹi.ə] [kʰɵˈɹiːə] Koreas pn
Corée
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Since World War II, Korea has been divided into two sovereign states, commonly called South Korea and North Korea.

Korea Strait pn
détroit de Corée
A strait between Korea and Japan, connecting the East China Sea with the Sea of Japan.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ adj
coréen
Of or relating to the Asian Peninsula comprising North Korea and South Korea.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ Koreans n
Coréen Coréenne coréen
(countable) A native or resident in North Korea or South Korea, or a person of Korean descent.

Korean /kəˈɹɪən/ pn
coréen
(uncountable) Official language of the people residing on the Korean Peninsula, and language of approximately 60 million people, in Asia, North America, and elsewhere.

Korean Empire n
Empire coréen
(historical) The Korean state from 1897 to 1910.

Korean Peninsula pn
péninsule Coréenne
A peninsula in eastern Asia containing North Korea and South Korea.

Korean War pn
Guerre de Corée
(historical) A war fought in the Korean Peninsula from 1950–1953 between the Soviet Union-backed Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the United Nations-backed Republic of Korea.

Korean Wave /kəˈɹɪən ˈweɪv/ pn
Hallyu vague coréenne
The rise in popularity of South Korean popular culture in other countries since the 1990s.

Korean melon /kəˈɹiː.ən ˈmɛl.ən/ Korean melons n
melon coréen
The fruit of the plant, which has a soft rind and juicy flesh.

Korean studies n
coréanologie études coréennes
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literature written in the Korean language, Korean linguistics, and Korean sociolinguistics.

Koreanic /kəɹiːˈænɪk/ pn
coréanique
A language family spoken primarily in the Korean Peninsula, consisting of Korean proper and Jeju together with extinct ancient relatives.

Koro pn
koro
an unwritten Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the East Kameng district

Koryak pn
koriak
The language spoken by this people.

Kos pn
Cos
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Koschei pn
Kochtcheï
(Slavic mythology) An archetypal male antagonist, described mainly as abducting the hero's wife, and sometimes represented as a skeleton.

Kosice pn
Cassovie Kosice
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Kosovan more Kosovan most Kosovan adj
kosovar kossovien
From, of, or pertaining to Kosovo or its people, culture or language.

Kosovan Kosovans n
Kosovar Kosovare Kossovien Kossovienne
A person from, or with ties to, Kosovo.

Kosovo /ˈkɒsəvə/ /ˈkɒsəvəʊ/ /ˈkɔsəˌvoʊ/ pn
Kosovo Cossovo
One of five administrative districts of the above region as viewed by the Serbian government.

Kott pn
kotte
A Yeniseian language which was spoken in Siberia and has been extinct for 150 years.

Kovrig Kovrigs pn
Kovrig

Koyraboro Senni Songhai pn
songhaï koyraboro senni
One of the Songhay languages of Mali.

Kozlowski Kozlowskis pn
Kozlowski

Košice pn
Cassovie Košice
The second largest city of Slovakia.

Kra pn
kra

Kraftwerkian more Kraftwerkian most Kraftwerkian adj
kraftwerkien

Kraken /-kɪn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.kən/ /ˈkɹæ.kən/ /ˈkɹɑː.kən/ pn
kraken
(Norse mythology) A colossal sea monster that attacks ships and sailors, often portrayed as a giant octopus or squid.

Kramatorsk /kɹæməˈtɔɹsk/ /kɹæməˈtɔːsk/ pn
Kramatorsk
TemplateParserError:LuaError; seat of the Donetsk province.
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Krasnodar pn
Krasnodar
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Krasnoperekopsk pn
Krasnoperekopsk
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Krasnoyarsk pn
Krasnoïarsk
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Krasnoyarsk Krai pn
kraï de Krasnoïarsk
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Krebs cycle n
cycle de Krebs
(biochemistry) A series of enzymatic reactions that occurs in all aerobic organisms; it involves the oxidative metabolism of acetyl units, and serves as the main source of cellular energy.

Kremenchuk pn
Krementchoug Krementchouk
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Kremlin /ˈkɹɛmlɪn/ pn
Kremlin
The Moscow Kremlin; a fortified complex in Moscow, Russia that serves as the official residence of the President of the Russian Federation.

Kremlinologist Kremlinologists n
kremlinologue
A person involved in Kremlinology.

Kremlinology n
kremlinologie
(politics) The study of the internal politics of the high members of the government of the USSR.

Krishna /ˈkɹɪʃnə/ Krishnas pn
Krishna
(Hinduism) A deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism. Krishna is often depicted as a young cowherd boy with a dark or blue complexion playing a flute (as in the Bhagavata Purana) or a youthful prince giving philosophical direction and guidance (as in the Bhagavad Gita). He is the divine speaker of the Bhagavad Gita and the eighth avatar of Vishnu.

Kristallnacht n
nuit de Cristal

Kronstadt pn
Cronstadt
A municipal town near Saint Petersburg, Russia. Located on Kotlin Island (also known as Retusaari or Reitskär).

Kryvyi Rih /kɹɪˌvi ˈri/ pn
Krivoy Rog Kryviy Rih
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Ku Klux Klan /ˌkuː klʌks ˈklæn/ pn
Ku Klux Klan
An American white supremacist secret society and terrorist organization.

Kuala Lumpur /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpə(ɹ)/ /kuˈɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊr/ /ˈkuala ˈlumpʊə/ pn
Kuala Lumpur
TemplateParserError:LuaError, in which the country’s current capital of the same name is located.

Kuban /kuːˈbɑːn/ pn
Kouban
(by extension) a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, Volga delta and the Caucasus.

Kufa pn
Koufa Kûfa
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Kufic adj
coufique kufi
Original form of Arabic script.

Kufic pn
coufique kufi
Original form of Arabic script, consisting of a modified form of Old South Arabian and old Nabataean scripts.

Kugaaruk pn
Kugaaruk

Kuhnian adj
kuhnien
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to the philosophy of Thomas Kuhn, especially the theories in his book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.

Kuiper belt /ˈkaɪ.pə(ɹ).bɛlt/ /ˈkaɪ.pɚ.bɛlt/ /ˈkʌɪpə bɛlt/ pn
ceinture de Kuiper
(astronomy) A region of space between 30 and 50 astronomical units from the Sun, roughly confined within a thick band around the ecliptic of the Solar System. This area is populated by many thousands of trans-Neptunian objects.

Kuiper belt object /ˈkaɪpəɹ/ Kuiper belt objects n
objet de la ceinture de Kuiper
(astronomy) A trans-Neptunian object (TNO) (a type of minor planet) that has an orbit in the Kuiper belt (between 30-50 AU) with inclinations consistent with the ecliptic.

Kumiko pn
Kumiko
A en given name.

Kungurian pn
Kungurien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Kunigami pn
kunigami

Kuomintang /kuːəʊmɪnˈtaŋ/ pn
Kuomintang
A nationalist political party founded under Sun Yat-sen in 1912 that ruled mainland China from 1928 to 1949, now one of three major parties in the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Kupiansk pn
Koupiansk
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Kurbyko pn
Kourbyko
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Курбико (Kurbyko).

Kurd /kɜː(ɹ)d/ Kurds n
Kurde
A member of the linguistically and culturally distinct people who speak Kurdish and mainly inhabit those parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Syria sometimes known as Kurdistan.

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ adj
kurde
Of, from, or pertaining to Kurdistan, the Kurdish people or the Kurdish language family.

Kurdish /ˈkɜː(ɹ)dɪʃ/ n
kurde
Family of Indo-Iranian languages of Kurdistan (in the Mesopotamia region, from the Zagros of mid-western Iran to the eastern extension of the chain of the Taurus Mountains).

Kurdistan pn
Kurdistan
An autonomous region of northern and northeastern Iraq lying within the aforementioned Kurdish-majority region.

Kurgan pn
Kourgan
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Kuril Islands pn
Îles Kouriles
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Kurkov Kurkovs pn
Kourkov
A surname.

Kursk pn
Koursk
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Kushan /kʊˈʃɑːn/ /ˈkʊʃɑːn/ more Kushan most Kushan adj
kouchan
(history) Of or relating to the Kushans or the Kushan realm.

Kushan /kʊˈʃɑːn/ /ˈkʊʃɑːn/ Kushans n
Kouchan
(history) A member of the dynasty that founded and ruled the Kushan realm.

Kushner Kushners pn
Kouchner
A surname.

Kutenai /ˈkuːtəneɪ/ n
kootenay
An indigenous people of North America.

Kuwait /kjuːˈweɪt/ /kuːˈweɪt/ /kʊˈweɪt/ pn
Koweït
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Kuwait City pn
Koweït
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Kuwaiti adj
koweïtien
Of, from, or pertaining to Kuwait or the Kuwaiti people.

Kuwaiti Kuwaitis n
Koweïtien Koweïtienne
A person from Kuwait or of Kuwaiti descent.

Kuwaitise v
koweïtiser
(transitive) To make Kuwaiti.

Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Couïavie-Poméranie
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Kuzmin Kuzmins pn
Kousmine Kouzmine
A surname from Russian.

Kvemo Kartli pn
Basse Kartlie
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Kven Kvens n
kvène
A person of Finnish descent living in North Norway.

Kyiv /kiːˈɪv/ /ˈkiːv/ /ˈkiːɪv/ /ˈkjɪv/ pn
Kiev Kyiv Kyïv
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Kyivan /kiːˈɪvən/ /ˈkiːɪvən/ more Kyivan most Kyivan adj
kiévain kiévien
Of or associated with the city of TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kyivan /kiːˈɪvən/ /ˈkiːɪvən/ Kyivans n
Kiévain Kiévaine Kiévien Kiévienne
A resident of Kyiv.

Kyoto /kiˈjoʊtoʊ/ /ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ pn
Kyoto
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(international law) The Kyoto Protocol.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ adj
kirghiz kirghize
Of, from, or pertaining to Kyrgyzstan, the Kyrgyz people or the Kyrgyz language.

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ Kyrgyz n
Kirghiz Kirghize
member of a Turkic people living primarily in Kyrgyzstan

Kyrgyz /ˈkɜː(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪə(ɹ)ɡɪz/ /ˈkɪɹɡɪz/ pn
kirghiz
The Western Turkic language of Kyrgyz people.

Kyrgyz Republic pn
République kirghize
The official name of Kyrgyzstan.

Kyrgyzophone adj
kirghizophone
Speaking Kyrgyz.

Kyrgyzstan /-stæn/ /ˈkɛːɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˈkɪəɹ.ɡɪˌstɑːn/ /ˌkɛːɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌkɪəɹ.ɡɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Kirghizistan Kirghizstan
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Kythira pn
Cythère
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the south-east Ionian Sea at the opening to the Aegean Sea.

Kyushu /ˈkjuːʃuː/ pn
Kyūshū
The third-largest of Japan's islands and the southwesternmost of its four main islands.

Kókyangwúti pn
Kokyangwuti
(Hopi religion) Helper of Sótuknang and creator of living beings.

Königsberg /ˈkeɪ.nɪɡzˌbɝɡ/ /ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɛɹk/ /ˈkøːnɪçsˌbɜːk/ /ˈkɜ.nɪɡzˌbɝɡ/ /ˈkɜː.nɪɡzˌbɜːɡ/ pn
Königsberg Kœnigsberg
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Kırklareli /kɝkləˈɹɛli/ pn
Kırklareli
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Kŭrdzhali pn
Kardjali
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L'Aquila pn
L'Aquila
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L'Hôpital's rule /ˌloʊpiːˈtɑːlz ˈɹuːl/ pn
règle de L'Hôpital
(mathematics) The rule that the limit of the ratio of two functions equals the limit of the ratio of their derivatives, usable when the former limit is indeterminate and the latter limit exists.

L1 L1s n
L1

L2 L2s n
L2

LARP /ˈlɑɹp/ /ˈlɑːp/ LARPs n
jeu de rôle grandeur nature jeu de rôle semi-réel
(games) Acronym of live-action roleplaying.

LAV LAVs n
VBL
(military) Acronym of light armoured vehicle. (a type of military armoured car)

LCD LCDs n
ACL
(electronics, computing) Initialism of liquid crystal display.

LD50 LD50s n
DL50 dose létale 50 dose létale médiane

LDC LDCs n
PMA
Initialism of least developed countries.

LDP /ɛldiˈpi/ pn
PLD
(politics) Initialism of Liberal Democratic Party.

LDPE LDPEs n
PEBD
(organic compound) Initialism of low-density polyethylene.

LDS n
SDJ
Initialism of Latter-day Saint.

LED /lɛd/ /ɛl.iː.ˈdiː/ LEDs n
LED DEL
Initialism of light-emitting diode.

LGBT /ɛl d͡ʒiː biː tiː/ adj
LGBT
Being lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, or relating to these groups as a collective.

LGBTphobia n
LGBTphobie
(rare, informal, LGBT) A negative attitude towards LGBT people.

LLC LLCs n
S.A.R.L.
(business, legal, US) Initialism of Limited Liability Company.

LLP LLPs n
S.R.L.
(business, legal) Initialism of limited liability partnership.

LNG n
GNL
(petrochemistry) Initialism of liquefied natural gas.

LOB LOBs n
LOB
(databases)

LOL /loʊl/ /lɑl/ /lɒl/ /lɔl/ /lɔːl/ /ɛl.oʊˈɛl/ /ɛl.əʊˈɛl/ interjection
cqcd lol mdr ptdr
(Internet slang, text messaging) Lots of laughs. (occasionally used)

LPC pn
PLC
(Canada, politics) Initialism of w:Liberal Party of Canada.

LPQ pn
PLQ
(Canadian politics) Initialism of Liberal Party of Quebec.

LRT n
TLR
Initialism of light rail transit, light rapid transit, light rapid transport, light rail transport.

LSV LSVs n
VBV
(automotive)

La Défense pn
La Défense

La Mancha pn
La Manche
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La Niña /lə ˈniːn.jə/ La Niñas pn
La Niña
(sometimes, attributive) A sustained negative sea-surface temperature anomaly of more than 0.5°C across the equatorial zone of the central and eastern Pacific Ocean; the negative phase of the multi-year ENSO cycle, which causes variations in local and regional weather patterns.

La Paz /lə ˈpæz/ pn
La Paz
The capital of the Mexican state of Baja California Sur.

La Pérouse Strait pn
détroit de La Pérouse
A strait dividing the Russian island of Sakhalin in the north from the Japanese island of Hokkaido, and connecting the Sea of Japan on the west with the Sea of Okhotsk on the east.

La Rochelle /ˌla ɹɒˈʃɛl/ /ˌlɑ ɹoʊˈʃɛl/ pn
La Rochelle
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La Spezia /la ˈspɛtsɪ.ə/ /lɑ ˈspɛtsi.ə/ pn
La Spezia
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La Tour-du-Crieu pn
La Tour-du-Crieu
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La Trobe /lə ˈtɹoʊb/ /lə ˈtɹəʊb/ pn
La Trobe
A university in Melbourne, Victoria named after Charles La Trobe, the first lieutenant-governor of Victoria, Australia.

La Tuque pn
La Tuque

La Union pn
La Union
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LaVeyan Satanism pn
satanisme LaVeyen
The atheistic religion of the Church of Satan, which is characterized by materialism and rejects all things supernatural, such as body and soul dualism and the concept of life after death.

Labbe Labbes pn
Labbé

Labelle Labelles pn
Labelle

Labonte pn
Labonté

Labour Party pn
parti travailliste
Any of various political parties that aim to advance the interests of the working class, often characterized by left-of-centre politics and support for organized labour.

Lacaille Lacailles pn
Lacaille

Lacedaemon /ˌlæsəˈdiːmən/ pn
Lacédémone
another name of Sparta

Lacedaemonian more Lacedaemonian most Lacedaemonian adj
lacédémonien
Of or pertaining to Lacedaemonia (Laconia) in Greece.

Lacedaemonian Lacedaemonians n
Lacédémonien Lacédémonienne
An inhabitant of Lacedaemonia (Laconia) in Greece.

Lacerta pn
Lézard
(constellation) An inconspicuous autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lizard. It lies between the constellations of Cygnus and Andromeda.

Laconia /ləˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Laconie
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Lacroix pn
Lacroix
A surname from French.

Ladakh /ləˈdɑːk/ pn
Ladakh
The mountain range situated in the union territory of the same name.

Ladin /ləˈdiːn/ pn
ladin
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum), spoken primarily in the Italian portion of Tyrol and the Dolomite Mountains in Northern Italy.

Ladinian pn
Ladinien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.

Ladino /ləˈdinoʊ/ /ləˈdiːnəʊ/ pn
ladino
A Romance language mainly spoken by Sephardic Jews (Wikipedia), derived mainly from Old Castilian (Spanish) and Hebrew.

Ladislaus pn
Ladislas
A en given name.

Ladoga pn
lac Ladoga
A freshwater lake located in the Republic of Karelia and Leningrad Oblast in northwestern Russia, not far from Saint Petersburg. It is the largest lake in Europe.

Lady Ladies n
Dame Madame
An aristocratic title for a woman; the wife of a lord and/or a woman who holds the position in her own right; a title for a peeress, the wife of a peer or knight, and the daughters and daughters-in-law of certain peers.

Lady Luck pn
Dame Chance
A female personification of luck.

Laertes /leɪˈɜɹtiːz/ pn
Laërte
(Greek mythology) the father of Odysseus

Laestrygonian /lɛstɹɪ.ˈɡoʊni.ən/ Laestrygonians n
Lestrygon
(Greek mythology) A member of a mythical Greek tribe of man-eating giants.

Lafarge Lafarges pn
Lafarge

Laffont Laffonts pn
Laffont

Lafitte Lafittes pn
Lafitte

Laflamme Laflammes pn
Laflamme

Lafont Lafonts pn
Lafont

Lafontaine Lafontaines pn
Lafontaine

Lagid /ˈlæd͡ʒ.ɪd/ Lagidae Lagids n
Lagide
A member of the Ptolemaic dynasty.

Lagos /ˈleɪɡɒs/ pn
Lagos
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Lagrange point Lagrange points n
point de Lagrange
(astrophysics, orbital mechanics) A point in an orbital configuration of a two-body system where a small object affected only by gravity can theoretically be stationary relative to the two larger objects.

Lagrangian function Lagrangian functions n
lagrangien
(mathematics) A function of the generalized coordinates and velocities of a dynamic system from which Lagrange's equations may be derived.

Lagus pn
Lagos
A male given name of historical usage

Lahore /ləˈhɔːr/ pn
Lahore
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Lahorite more Lahorite most Lahorite adj
lahorite
Of or pertaining to Lahore.

Laius /ˈlaɪ.əs/ pn
Laïos Laïus
(Greek mythology) The father of Oedipus and husband of Jocasta

Lajoie Lajoies pn
Lajoie

Lake Charles /leɪk tʃɑrlz/ pn
Lac Charles
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The name of many lakes and reservoirs, including:

Lake Como pn
Lac de Côme
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Lake Constance pn
Lac de Constance lac de Constance
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Lake Erie pn
Érié
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Garda pn
Lac de Garde
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Lake Geneva pn
lac Léman lac de Genève Lac Léman
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Lake Huron pn
lac Huron
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Louise pn
Lac Louise
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Lake Michigan pn
Michigan
One of the Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. Hydrologically, a bay of Lake Michigan–Huron.

Lake Michigan-Huron pn
Lac Michigan-Huron
One of the Great Lakes of North America. Hydrologically a single lake, its two basins are traditionally counted as separate lakes, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron.

Lake Ontario pn
lac Ontario
One of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Lake Superior pn
lac Supérieur Lac Supérieur
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the largest of the Great Lakes and second largest lake in the world by area. It is located higher than Lake Huron, hence the name.

Lake Thun pn
lac de Thoune
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Lake Victoria pn
lac Victoria
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Lake Zurich pn
Lac de Zurich
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Lakota /ləˈkoʊtə/ /ləˈkəʊtə/ pn
lakota
The language spoken by the Lakota.

Lalande Lalandes pn
Lalande

Lalibela pn
Lalibela
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Lalonde Lalondes pn
Lalonde

Lamarckian adj
lamarckien
Of or pertaining to Lamarckism.

Lamarckian Lamarckians n
lamarckien
A supporter or an advocate of Lamarckism.

Lamartinian more Lamartinian most Lamartinian adj
lamartinien
(literature, politics) Of or pertaining to Alphonse de Lamartine.

Lamb of God pn
Agneau de Dieu
Jesus, symbolized as a sacrifice.

Lamb shift Lamb shifts n
décalage de Lamb déplacement de Lamb
(quantum mechanics, quantum electrodynamics) A small difference between the energy levels 2S½ and 2P½ of the hydrogen atom, not predicted by the Dirac equation, whose detection in the Lamb–Retherford experiment of 1947 foreshadowed the development of quantum electrodynamics (in which the discrepancy is explained to be an effect of the emission and re-absorption of virtual photons); such a difference between otherwise expectedly equal energy levels of hydrogen or any other type of atom.

Lambert /ˈlæmbɚt/ Lamberts pn
Lambert
(countable) A en given name; in modern use partly transferred back from the surname.

Lamborghini /ˈlæm.bə(ɹ).ɡi.ni/ Lamborghinis n
Lamborghini
A motor car manufactured by the Lamborghini company.

Lamentations pn
Lamentations
(biblical) a book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh

Lamethist adj
lamethiste

Lamia pn
Lamia
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Lamoreaux pn
Lamoureux

Lamotte Lamottes pn
Lamotte

Lamour Lamours pn
Lamour

Lamoureux pn
Lamoureux

Lampedusa /ˌlæmpɪˈduːzə/ pn
Lampidusa Lampédouse
The largest island of the Italian Pelagie Islands, located in the Mediterranean Sea between Malta and Tunisia.

Lampegia pn
Lampagia Lampegia Lampégie
Daughter of Odo the Great

Lancaster Sound pn
Détroit de Lancaster détroit de Lancaster

Lancelot /ˈlæn.sə.lɒt/ /ˈlɑːn.sə.lɒt/ Lancelots pn
Lancelot
(Arthurian legend) One of the Knights of the Round Table, a lover of Guinevere.
A en given name.

Land of Liberty pn
pays de la liberté

Land of the Rising Sun pn
pays du Soleil Levant pays du Soleil-Levant
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Landes pn
Landes
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Langevin Langevins pn
Langevin

Langhe pn
Langhe Langhes
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Langhian pn
Langhien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.

Langlois Langlois Langloises pn
Langlois
(countable) A surname from French, equivalent to English English.

Languedoc pn
Languedoc
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Languedoc-Roussillon pn
Languedoc-Roussillon
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Lannemezan pn
Lannemezan
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Lantern Festival /ˌlæn(t)ɚn ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/ /ˌlæntən ˈfɛstɪvl̩/ Lantern Festivals n
fête des lanternes
A festival marking the end of the Chinese New Year period, celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the Chinese calendar when the first full moon of the year is seen (in February or early March).

Lanzhou pn
Lanzhou
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Lao /laʊ/ /ˈlɑːoʊ/ adj
laotien lao
Of, from, or pertaining to Laos, the Lao people or their Kra-Dai Lao language.

Lao /laʊ/ /ˈlɑːoʊ/ Lao Laos n
Laotienne Laotien
(countable) A Tai ethnic group native to Southeast Asia.
laotien Laotienne Laotien
(uncountable) The official language of Laos that is closely related to Thai.

Laocoön /leɪˈɒkoʊˌɒn/ /leɪˈɒkəˌwɒn/ /leɪˈɒkɵ.ɒn/ pn
Laocoon
(Greek mythology) A Trojan priest of Poseidon (or Apollo, depending on the author), whose rules he had defied (or whom he had otherwise offended), who tried to warn his fellow citizens against the Trojan horse. He was killed for this, along with his two sons, by giant snakes sent by Minerva (or Poseidon, or Apollo).

Laodicea /ˌleɪ.ədɪˈsiːə/ pn
Laodicée
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Laos /ˈlaʊ(s)/ /ˈlɑːoʊ(s)/ pn
Laos
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Laotian /leɪˈoʊʃən/ /ˈlaʊʃən/ adj
laotien lao
Of, from, or pertaining to the Lao People's Democratic Republic, the Laotian people or the Laotian language.

Laotian /leɪˈoʊʃən/ /ˈlaʊʃən/ pn
laotien
Synonym of Lao (“the official language of Laos”)

Laozi /-zi/ /-ziː/ /ˈlaʊ.t͡sz̩/ /ˈlaʊdzə/ /ˈlaʊtzə/ pn
Lao Tseu Laozi
(Chinese history) An honorific title for the legendary Taoist philosopher Li Er, who supposedly lived in the 6th and 5th centuries BC and (Chinese mythology) has subsequently been worshipped as a Taoist god.

Lapierre Lapierres pn
Lapierre

Laplace operator Laplace operators n
opérateur laplacien
(mathematics, physics) A differential operator,denoted ∆ and defined on \mathbb{R}^n as \Delta = \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial^2}{\partial x_i^2}, used in the modeling of wave propagation, heat flow and many other applications.

Laplace transform Laplace transforms n
transformée de Laplace
(mathematics) an integral transform of positive real function f(t) to a complex function F(s); given by:

Lapland pn
Laponie
The northern parts of Scandinavia and Finland with the Kola Peninsula in Russia, traditionally inhabited by the Sami people.

Lapland longspur Lapland longspurs n
bruant lapon plectrophane lapon
Calcarius lapponicus, a passerine bird in the longspur family Calcariidae.

Lapointe Lapointes pn
Lapointe

Lapponian Herder Lapponian Herders n
berger finnois de Laponie
A breed of dog from Finland, used by the Sami to herd reindeer.

Laptev Sea pn
mer des Laptev
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located between the eastern coast of Siberia, the Taimyr Peninsula, the Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands. The Kara Sea lies to the west, the East Siberian Sea to the east.

Laputa /ləˈpjuːtə/ pn
Laputa
A fictional flying island in Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1726).

Lapège pn
Lapège
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Lara /ˈlɑːɹə/ pn
Lara
A en given name.

Laredo /ləˈreɪdoʊ/ pn
Laredo
A city in north Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Large Münsterländer Large Münsterländers n
grand épagneul de Münster
A gun dog of a breed originating in Münster, Germany.

Larissa /ləˈɹɪsə/ pn
Lárissa
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(Greek mythology) A nymph with a local cult near the city of Larissa.

Lasalle Lasalles pn
Lasalle

Lasha pn
Lescha
Biblical location, appearing only once in the Bible, in the Book of Genesis (10:19) describing one of the limits of the area covered by the Canaanites, believed to be on the east bank of the Dead Sea, later named Callirrhoe (location of hot springs mentioned by Josephus and other authors in the first centuries AD).

Lassallism n
lassallisme

Last Judgment pn
jugement dernier jour du jugement
The judgement day.

Last Supper pn
Cène
(Christianity) The Passover meal that Jesus ate with his disciples on the night before his death.

Lata pn
Lata

Latakia pn
Laodicée Lattaquié
A strong dark tobacco originally produced in Syria.

Latakian adj
lattaquiote

Latakian Latakians n
Lattaquiote

Late Antiquity pn
Antiquité tardive
(history) The period of Mediterranean and Eurasian history from around the 3rd to the 7th centuries C.E., marked especially by the transition from the Roman and Persian Empires to the Middle Ages and the Islamic and Byzantine civilizations.

Late Latin pn
bas latin latin tardif
The form of the Latin language used between the 2nd/3rd and 6th centuries.

Late Middle Ages pn
Bas Moyen Âge Moyen Âge tardif
(history) The period of European history between the High Middle Ages and the Early Modern period.

Lateran pn
Latran
A church and palace in Rome; used attributively to describe several councils and treaties

Latifi Latifis pn
Latifi

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] adj
latin
Of or relating to the script of the language spoken in ancient Rome and many modern alphabets.

Latin /ˈlæt.ɪn/ [ˈlæt.n̩] [ˈlæʔ.n̩] Latins pn
latin
(uncountable) The language of the ancient Romans, other Latins and of the Roman Catholic church, especially Classical Latin.

Latin America pn
Amérique latine
Those parts of the Americas which speak Spanish, Portuguese, French or Creoles based on them, which are Latin-derived languages: South America, Central America, Mexico, and most islands of the Caribbean.

Latin American adj
latino-américain
Of or relating to Latin America, its people, or its culture.

Latin American Latin Americans n
latino-américain latino-américaine
A native or inhabitant of Latin America, or of such descent.

Latin Church pn
Église latine
(Catholicism) One of the 24 particular churches (sui juris) in full communion with the Holy See and the rest of the Catholic Church which uses the Latin liturgical rites.

Latin alphabet Latin alphabets n
alphabet latin
The 26-letter alphabet consisting of the following letters (presented in majuscule and minuscule pairs):

Latin square Latin squares n
carré latin
(mathematics) An n-by-n arrangement of n different integers such that each row, each column and each of the two diagonals contains each of the integers once and once only.

Latina pn
Latina
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Latinist Latinists n
latiniste
A scholar who studies the Latin language.

Latinity Latinities n
latinité
(uncountable, countable) The quality of a particular person's Latin speech or writing; the Latin language, as an area of study or interest.

Latinization /ˌlæt.ɪ.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ Latinizations n
latinisation
The act or process of Latinizing, of making Latin.

Latino /læˈtinoʊ/ /ləˈtinoʊ/ Latinos n
latina latino
(chiefly, _, US) A person, especially and usually (interpreted as) a male, from Latin America, a Hispanic person. (Compare Latina.)

Latino-Faliscan adj
latino-falisque
Of or pertaining to Latin and Faliscan.

Latino-Faliscan pn
latino-falisque
An Italic language family that encompasses both Latin and Faliscan.

Latium /ˈleɪ.ʃi.əm/ pn
Latium
Lazio, the corresponding modern region.

Latter-day Saint Latter-day Saints n
Saint des derniers jours
A member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or other Latter-day Saint churches.

Latvia /ˈlæt.vi.ə/ /ˈlɑːt.vi.ə/ pn
Lettonie
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Latvian /ˈlætvi.ən/ /ˈlɑːtvi.ən/ adj
letton Letton
Of, from, or pertaining to Latvia, the Latvian people or the Latvian language.

Latvian /ˈlætvi.ən/ /ˈlɑːtvi.ən/ Latvians n
letton
(uncountable) The official language of Latvia; Lettish.
letton Letton Lettone
(countable) A person from Latvia or of Latvian descent.

Laura /ˈlɔɹə/ /ˈlɔːɹə/ pn
Laure Laura
A en given name.

Laurasia pn
Laurasia Laurasie
(geology) A supercontinent which included most of the landmasses which make up today's continents of the Northern Hemisphere.

Laurence /ˈlɑɹəns/ /ˈlɒ.ɹəns/ /ˈlɔɹəns/ Laurences pn
Laurent
A en given name

Laurentian /lɑˈɹɛnʃən/ /lɒˈɹɛnʃi.ən/ /lɒˈɹɛnʃən/ /ləˈɹɛnʃən/ adj
laurentien

Laurentian /lɑˈɹɛnʃən/ /lɒˈɹɛnʃi.ən/ /lɒˈɹɛnʃən/ /ləˈɹɛnʃən/ Laurentians n
Laurentien

Laurier Lauriers pn
Laurier

Laurin Laurins pn
Laurin
A en given name

Lausanne /loʊˈzæn/ /ləʊˈzæn/ pn
Lausanne
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Laval Lavals pn
Laval
(informal) Synonym of Île Jésus, TemplateParserError:LuaError, where the city of Laval is located; ellipsis of Island of Laval.
A surname from French. originating from France

Lavallee Lavallees pn
Lavallée

Lavoie Lavoies pn
Lavoie

Laz pn
laze
A Kartvelian language of Turkey and Caucasian Georgia, related to Georgian, Mingrelian, and Svan.

Lazarist adj
lazariste
Of or pertaining to this order.

Lazarist Lazarists n
lazariste
A member of the Congregation of the Priests of the Mission founded by St Vincent de Paul.

Lazarus /ˈlæzəɹəs/ pn
Lazare
(biblical) Lazarus of Bethany, a man supposedly raised from the dead by Jesus Christ and later (Christianity) revered as a saint.
(biblical) A beggar in a parable by Jesus Christ, traditionally (Christianity) believed to have been a leper and often conflated with Lazarus of Bethany.
(rare) A en given name.

Lazio pn
Latium Lazio
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Le Chatelier's principle pn
principe de Le Chatelier
(chemistry) A principle stating that, if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change.

Le Havre /lə ˈhɑː(ɹ)v/ /lə ˈhɑːvɹə/ pn
Le Havre
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Le Lamentin pn
Le Lamentin
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Le Mans pn
Le Mans
(informal) The 24 Hours of Le Mans, an annual 24-hour motor race held near the city of Le Mans.

Le Pen pn
Le Pen
A surname from French.

Le Vauclin pn
Le Vauclin
A town and commune in the French overseas department and region, and island, of Martinique.

LePenism n
lepenisme
The support or ideals of Jean-Marie Le Pen (French politician and leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011) and/or Marine Le Pen (his daughter, also a French politician and leader of the National Front since 2011).

League of Nations pn
Société des Nations
An international organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, which ended the First World War. Its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation, diplomacy and improving global quality of life. The predecessor of the United Nations.

Leah /ˈliːə/ pn
Léa
The elder daughter of Laban, sister to Rachel, and first wife of Jacob.
A en given name.

Leander /liːˈændə/ /liːˈændɚ/ pn
Leándre
(Greek mythology) The lover of Hero who swam every night across the Hellespont to meet her, and finally was drowned.
A en given name, also of a Spanish sixth century saint.

Leaning Tower of Pisa pn
tour de Pise tour penchée de Pise
A famous bell tower in the Italian town of Pisa, known for its irregular lean.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ adj
libanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Lebanon or the Lebanese people.

Lebanese /lɛ.bəˈniːz/ Lebanese n
Libanais Libanaise
A person from Lebanon or of Lebanese descent.

Lebanese Republic pn
République libanaise
Official name of Lebanon.

Lebanon /-ɒn/ /ˈlɛbənɑn/ /ˈlɛbənɔn/ /ˈlɛbənən/ Lebanons pn
Liban
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Various places in the United States of America:

Lebeau Lebeaus pn
Lebeau

Lecce /ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ pn
Lecce
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Lecco pn
Lecco
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
Town and capital of Lecco.

Leda /ˈliːdə/ pn
Léda
(astronomy) 38 Leda, a main belt asteroid; not to be confused with the Jovian moon.

Leduc pn
Leduc
A surname from French.
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Leeuwarden /-ə/ /ˈleɪwɑɹdən/ /ˈleɪwɑːdən/ pn
Leeuwarden Leuvarde
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Leeward Islands pn
îles Sous-le-Vent îles du Vent
The northern of the Lesser Antilles, consisting of the islands or nations of the Virgin Islands, Anguilla, Saint Martin, Saint-Barthélemy, Saba, Sint Eustatius, Saint Kitts, Nevis, Barbuda, Antigua, Montserrat and Guadeloupe.

Lefebvre pn
Lefebvre

Legault Legaults pn
Legault

Legion of Honor pn
Légion d’honneur

Lego /ˈlɛɡoʊ/ Legos n
Lego
Any of several small, coloured, plastic bricks, often made by the Lego Company, that can be made to join together and be taken apart, used to construct toy buildings, vehicles, etc.

Legrand Legrands pn
Legrand

Leibnizian more Leibnizian most Leibnizian adj
leibnitzien
Of or relating to the works of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

Leiden /ˈlaɪdən/ /ˈleɪdən/ pn
Leyde
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Leinster /ˈlɛnstə(ɹ)/ pn
Leinster
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Leipzig /ˈlaɪp.sɪk/ /ˈlaɪp.sɪɡ/ /ˈlaɪp.tsɪk/ /ˈlaɪp.zɪɡ/ pn
Leipzig
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The Leipzig Glossing Rules or glossing style, a style of glossing used by linguists.

Lelystad pn
Lelystad

Lemuria /ləˈmjuːɹi.ə/ pn
Lémuries
(historical) A religious feast of Ancient Rome during which rites were performed to exorcise the malevolent ghosts of the dead from their homes.

Lena pn
Léna
A en given name.

Lenin pn
Lénine
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and politician.

Leningrad /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ənˌɡrɑd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡræd/ /ˈlɛn.ɪnˌɡrɑd/ pn
Léningrad
(historical) Saint Petersburg, TemplateParserError:LuaError, from the time of Lenin's death in 1924 until 1991.

Leninism /lɛnɪnɪzm̩/ Leninisms n
léninisme
A political ideology developed by Vladimir Lenin that proposes the establishment of the dictatorship of the proletariat led by a revolutionary vanguard party, as the political prelude to the establishment of communism.

Leninist /ˈlɛnənɪst/ /ˈlɛnɪnɪst/ more Leninist most Leninist adj
léniniste
Of or relating to Leninism.

Leninist /ˈlɛnənɪst/ /ˈlɛnɪnɪst/ Leninists n
Léniniste
A person who follows or supports Lenin or the philosophy of Leninism.

Lent /lɛnt/ Lents n
carême
(Christianity) A period of the ecclesiastical year preceding Easter, traditionally involving temporary abstention from certain foods and pleasures.

Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ /ˈliːəʊ/ Leos n
Lion
Someone with a Leo star sign

Leo /ˈliːoʊ/ /ˈliːəʊ/ pn
Léon Léo Lion
A en given name, borne by numerous saints and 13 popes.
Lion
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, shaped approximately like a lion and containing the stars Regulus and Denebola.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the Lion, ruled by the Sun and covering July 23 - August 22 (tropical astrology) or August 16 - September 15 (sidereal astrology).

Leo Minor pn
Petit Lion
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a small lion. It lies north of the constellation Leo and south of Ursa Major.

Leodensian Leodensians n
Léodensien

Leonard /ˈlɛnɚd/ pn
Léonard
A surname transferred from the given name.

Leonardeschi /lənɑɹˈdɛʃi/ /ˌli.ənɑɹˈdɛski/ /ˌli.ənɑɹˈdɛʃi/ /ˌlɪ.ənɑːˈdɛskɪ/ /ˌlɪ.ənɑːˈdɛʃɪ/ n
leonardeschi
A group of artists who worked in the studio of, or under the influence of, Leonardo da Vinci.

Leonberger Leonbergers n
chien de Leonberg
A dog of a large, muscular breed with a black mask on the face.

Leonese adj
léonais
From, or pertaining to León (a city and a province in northwest Spain).

Leonese n
Léonais Léonaise
(countable) Someone from León.

Leonese pn
léonais
A Romance language spoken in the northwest of Spain, closely related to Asturian and Mirandese.

Leopold /ˈliːəpoʊld/ /ˈliːəpəʊld/ /ˈlɛpəld/ pn
Léopold
A en given name. Used in the 19th century but rare today.

Leopoldville pn
Léopoldville
(historical) Kinshasa

Lepage Lepages pn
Lepage

Lepontic /ləˈpɑntɪk/ pn
lépontique
An extinct language attested in Europe until ~100BC, usually considered to be a member of the Celtic family.

Lepus pn
Lièvre
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a rabbit. It lies south of the constellation Orion.

Les Bleus pn
Bleus

Les Sables-d'Olonne pn
Les Sables-d'Olonne
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Lesbian more Lesbian most Lesbian adj
lesbien
Of or pertaining to the island of Lesbos.

Lesbian Lesbians n
Lesbien Lesbienne
(linguistics, uncountable) The variety of Aeolic Greek spoken on Lesbos from about 800 to 300 b.c., best known from the writings of Sappho and Alcaeus of Mytilene.

Lesbos /ˈlɛz.bɒs/ pn
Lesbos
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Leslie /ˈlɛsli/ /ˈlɛzli/ pn
Leslie
A en given name.
A en given name.

Lesothan more Lesothan most Lesothan adj
lesothan
Of or relating to Lesotho.

Lesothan Lesothans n
Lesothan Lesothane
A native or inhabitant of Lesotho.

Lesotho /ləˈsuːtuː/ pn
Lesotho
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Lesquin pn
Lesquin
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Lessard Lessards pn
Lessard

Lesseps Lesseps Lessepses pn
Lesseps
(countable) A surname from French.
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Lessepsian /leɪˈsɛp.sɪ.ən/ adj
lessepsien lessepsienne
(marine biology) Of or relating to organisms that migrate from the Red Sea to the eastern Mediterranean Sea by means of the Suez Canal.

Lesser Antilles pn
Petites Antilles
The smaller islands of the West Indies, to the south and east of Puerto Rico, in the Caribbean Sea.

Lesser Caucasus pn
Petit Caucase
the second of the two main mountain ranges of Caucasus mountains, which runs parallel to the Greater Caucasus and limits the Armenian Highland from the North and North-East.

Lesser Poland Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Petite-Pologne
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Lethe /ˈliːθi/ pn
Léthé
(Greek mythology) The personification of oblivion, daughter of Eris.

Lethean /liːˈθi.ən/ /ˈliθi.ən/ adj
léthéen
(chiefly, poetic, Greek mythology) Of or relating to the river Lethe, one of the four rivers of Hades. Those who drank from it experienced complete forgetfulness.

Letitia pn
Laetitia
A en given name, popular in medieval England; rather rare today.

Leto Letos pn
Léto
(uncountable, Greek mythology) Leto, in Greek mythology, the mother of Apollo and Artemis.

Letourneau Letourneaus pn
Létourneau

Levant /ləˈvænt/ /ləˈvɑnt/ /lɛvɑnt/ /ˈlɛv.ənt/ pn
Levant
The countries bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, namely Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus (and sometimes, especially in a historical context, also including Turkey and Egypt, then part of the Ottoman Empire).

Levantine /ˈlɛvəntaɪn/ adj
levantin
Of the Levant, the Eastern Mediterranean.

Levantine Arabic pn
arabe levantin
An Arabic dialect continuum spoken throughout the Levant.

Levantine Sea pn
bassin Levantin mer Levantine mer du Levant
The easternmost part of the Mediterranean Sea, mainly faced by the countries of the Levant.

Levesque Levesques pn
Lévesque

Levi /ˈliː.vaɪ/ pn
Lévi
The third son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.

Levico Terme pn
Levico Terme
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Levite /ˈliː.vaɪt/ Levites n
lévite
A member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi, particularly in its role as a priestly caste.

Leviticus /ləˈvɪtɪkəs/ pn
Lévitique
The third of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible; the third book in the Torah.

Leyden jar /ˈlaɪdən ˌdʒɑɹ/ Leyden jars n
bouteille de Leyde
(electrical engineering, historical) A glass jar or bottle used to accumulate static electricity between two electrodes.

Leyte /ˈleɪti, ˈleɪteɪ/ pn
Leyte
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Lhasa /ˈlɑːsə/ pn
Lhassa
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Lhasa apso Lhasa apsos n
Lhassa apso
A particular breed of dog, Tibetan in origin.

Liberal Liberals n
libéral libérale

Liberal Party pn
Parti libéral

Liberia /laɪˈbɪəɹ.i.ə/ /laɪˈbɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Libéria Liberia
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Liberian Liberians n
Libérien Libérienne
A person from Liberia or of Liberian descent.

Libertarian adj
libertarien
(politics) Of, or pertaining to, a Libertarian Party.

Libra /ˈliːbɹə/ Libras n
Balance
Someone with a Libra star sign

Libra /ˈliːbɹə/ pn
Balance
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac, supposedly shaped like a set of scales.
(astrology) The astrological sign for the scales, ruled by Venus and covering September 24 - October 23 (tropical astrology) or October 16 - November 16 (sidereal astrology).

Libya /ˈlɪbi.ə/ pn
Libye
(historical) Africa; that is, the part of North Africa known in classical antiquity.

Libyan /ˈlɪbi.ən/ adj
libyen libyque
Of, from, or pertaining to Libya.

Libyan /ˈlɪbi.ən/ Libyans n
Libyen Libyenne
A person from Libya or of Libyan descent.

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya pn
Jamahiriya Arabe Libyenne
(historical) The official name of Libya from 1977-2011.

Lie group Lie groups n
groupe de Lie
(topology) Any group that is a smooth manifold and whose group operations are differentiable.

Liechtenstein /ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn/ adj
liechtensteinois
Of or pertaining to the people or culture of Liechtenstein.

Liechtenstein /ˈlɪk.tən.staɪn/ pn
Liechtenstein
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Liechtensteiner Liechtensteiners n
Liechtensteinois
A person from Liechtenstein or of Liechtenstein descent.

Liguria /lɪˈɡjʊəɹiə/ /lɪˈɡjʊɹiə/ pn
Ligurie
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Ligurian more Ligurian most Ligurian adj
ligure ligurien
Of or pertaining to Liguria.

Ligurian Ligurians n
ligurien
A native or inhabitant of Liguria.

Ligurian pn
ligurien
The Gallo-Italic language of this region.

Ligurian Sea pn
mer de Ligurie
An arm of the Mediterranean Sea between the Italian Riviera, Corsica and Elba.

Lilian /ˈlɪli.ən/ pn
Liliane
A en given name.

Lille /lil/ /liːl/ pn
Lille
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Lilongwe /ləˈlɑŋwi/ /lɪˈlɒŋw(e)ɪ/ /lɪˈlɔŋweɪ/ pn
Lilongwe Lilongwé
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Lima /ˈlaɪmə/ /ˈliːmə/ pn
Lima
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Limassol pn
Limassol
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Limburg /lɪmbɜːrɡ/ /lɪmbɜːɡ/ /lɪmbɝːɡ/ Limburgs pn
Limbourg
(historical) The historic duchy (which the name of the province(s) was meant to preserve).

Limburgish pn
limbourgeois
A Germanic language or dialect continuum spoken near the common border between the Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.

Limoges pn
Limoges
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Limonade pn
Limonade
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Limos pn
Limos
(Greek god) A daughter of Eris, Limos is the goddess/personification of famine and starvation. Her Roman counterpart is Fames.

Limours pn
Limours
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Limousin /ˌlɪməˈziːn/ /ˌlɪməˈzɪn/ pn
Limousin
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Limousine pn
Limousin
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Limoux pn
Limoux
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Lindros Lindroses pn
Lindros

Linear A pn
linéaire A
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write the as-yet-undeciphered Minoan language, and an apparent predecessor to other scripts, such as Linear B.

Linear B pn
linéaire B
(archaeology, linguistics) A syllabary used to write Mycenaean Greek in the second millennium BC, before the invention of the Greek alphabet.

Lingala /lɪŋˈɡɑːlə/ pn
lingala
A Bantu language spoken throughout the northwestern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo-Kinshasa) and a large part of the Republic of the Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), as well as to some degree in Angola and the Central African Republic.

Lingayatism pn
lingayatisme
(Hinduism) A sect of Shaivism whose worship is centered on Shiva's lingam.

Lingua Franca Nova pn
lingua franca nova
A constructed language created by C. George Boeree based on French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan using either Latin or Cyrillic alphabets with grammar based on that of Romance Creoles.

Linnaeus pn
Linné
Carl (or the latinized Carolus) Linnaeus, also known as Carl von Linné, Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. He is known as the "father of modern taxonomy."

Linux /ˈlɪnəks/ /ˈlɪnʊks/ Linuxen Linuxes pn
Linux
An open-source computer operating system kernel.

Linz pn
Linz
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Lion of Judah pn
Lion de Juda
(Judaism) a Jewish national and cultural symbol, traditionally regarded as a symbol of the tribe of Judah

Lionel /ˈlaɪənl/ pn
Lionel
A en given name of mostly British usage.

Lionheart pn
Cœur de Lion
The nickname of Richard I of England.

Lipari Liparis pn
Lipari
The largest of the Aeolian Islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea off the northern coast of Sicily, southern Italy.

Lipari Islands pn
îles Lipari îles Éoliennes
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Lisa /ˈlaɪzə/ /ˈlisə/ /ˈlizə/ /ˈliːsə/ /ˈliːzə/ Lisas pn
Lise
A en given name.

Lisbon /ˈlɪzbən/ pn
Lisbonne
TemplateParserError:LuaError around the capital.
(metonym) The Portuguese government.

Lisboner adj
lisboète lisbonnais lisbonnin
Of, from, or pertaining to, Lisbon.

Lisboner Lisboners n
Lisboète Lisbonnais Lisbonnin
Someone from Lisbon.

Lisle Lisles pn
Lisle

Lithuania /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ə/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Lituanie
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Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ more Lithuanian most Lithuanian adj
lituanien lithuanien
Of or relating to Lithuania.

Lithuanian /ˌlɪð.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.juˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθ.uˈeɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌlɪθˈweɪ.ni.ən/ Lithuanians n
lituanien lithuanien
(uncountable) The main language of Lithuania.
Lituanien Lituanienne Lithuanienne Lithuanien
(countable) A person living in or coming from Lithuania.

Lithuanian SSR pn
RSS lituanien
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, the name for the Republic of Lithuania while under the rule of the Soviet Union (1940–1991, name changed in 1990).

Little Colorado pn
Petit Colorado
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Little Harrowden pn
Little Harrowden

Little Maghreb pn
Petit Maghreb
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Little Red Riding Hood /ˈlɪtl̩ ɹɛd ɹaɪ.dɪŋ hʊd/ pn
Petit Chaperon rouge
A fairy tale about a young girl who walks through the forest to visit her grandmother and encounters the Big Bad Wolf (or another vicious wolf, or werewolf in archaic versions).
The girl who is the protagonist and title character in this story.

Little Russia pn
Petite Russie
(historical) The former Imperial Russian administrative subdivisions in north central Ukraine.

Little Russian adj
petit-russien
Of or pertaining to Little Russia.

Little Russian Little Russians n
Petit-Russien Petite-Russienne
(historical, chiefly in a Russian Empire context) A native or inhabitant of Little Russia (i.e. Ukraine).

Liverpool /ˈlɪvə(ɹ)ˌpuːl/ pn
Liverpool
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The City of Liverpool, TemplateParserError:LuaError which includes the suburb.
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Liverpudlian more Liverpudlian most Liverpudlian adj
liverpoolais liverpoolien liverpoolois liverpudlien
Of or relating to Liverpool in England.

Liverpudlian Liverpudlians n
Liverpudlien Liverpoolais Liverpoolien Liverpoolois
A native or resident of Liverpool in England.

Livia pn
Livie
A en given name.

Livonia /lɪˈvoʊniə/ pn
Livonie
(historic) A historical region in the Baltic, south of the Gulf of Finland, now divided and constituting southern Estonia and northern Latvia.

Livonian adj
livonien
Pertaining to Livonia or Livonians.

Livonian Livonians n
Livonien Livonienne
A person from Livonia.

Livonian pn
livonien live
An extinct Finno-Ugric language spoken in Latvia.

Livornian more Livornian most Livornian adj
livournais
Of or from Livorno.

Livornian Livornians n
Livournais Livournaise
Someone from Livorno.

Livorno /ləˈvɔɹnoʊ/ /lɪˈvɔːnəʊ/ pn
Livourne
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Liège pn
Liège
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Ljubljana /ˌl(j)ʊbliˈɑːnə/ pn
Ljubljana
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Llanfihangel-ar-Arth pn
Llanfihangel-ar-Arth

Local Group pn
Groupe local
(astronomy) The small cluster of galaxies that contains the Milky Way Galaxy; includes Andromeda, Triangulum, the Large Magellanic Cloud, Small Magellanic Cloud and others.

Local Supercluster /ˌloʊkl̩ ˈsupɚˌklʌstɚ/ pn
Superamas Local
(astronomy) The supercluster that includes the Milky Way galaxy.

Loch Ness pn
Loch Ness
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Loch Ness monster pn
monstre du Loch Ness
(cryptozoology) A large creature believed by some to inhabit Loch Ness in Scotland. It is said to have a long neck and one or more humps that protrude from the water.

Lochkovian pn
Lochkovien

Locris pn
Locride
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Lodi /ˈloʊdaɪ/ /ˈloʊdi/ pn
Lodi
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Lodz /lɒdz/ /wuːt͡ʃ/ pn
Łódź
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Lodz Voivodeship pn
Voïvodie de Łódź
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Lodève pn
Lodève
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Logroño /lɒˈɡɹɒnjəʊ/ /ləˈɡɹoʊnjoʊ/ pn
Logroño
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Loir pn
Loir
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Loir-et-Cher pn
Loir-et-Cher
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Loire /ləˈwɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈlwɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Loire
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Loire-Atlantique pn
Loire-Atlantique
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Loire-Inférieure pn
Loire-Inférieure
former name of Loire-Atlantique

Loiret /lwɑːɹeɪ/ pn
Loiret
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Lojban /ˈloʊʒbæn/ /ˈloʊʒbɑːn/ /ˈlɒʒbæn/ pn
lojban
An artificial language created by Logical Language Group designed to be logical, based on the earlier Loglan.

Loki /ˈloʊki/ /ˈləʊki/ pn
Loki
(Norse mythology) The god of mischief and trickery; growing progressively evil, he kills Balder, and is bound until Ragnarok, the end of the world.

Lollard /ˈlɒlɑː(ɹ)d/ Lollards n
lollard lollardo

Lollobrigida Lollobrigidas pn
Lollobrigida

Lollobrigidian more Lollobrigidian most Lollobrigidian adj
lollobrigidien

Lombard /ˈlɑmbɑɹd/ /ˈlɒmbɑːd/ Lombards n
lombard longobard
(historical) A member of a Germanic people who invaded Italy in the 6th century.
lombard
A native or inhabitant of Lombardy.

Lombard /ˈlɑmbɑɹd/ /ˈlɒmbɑːd/ Lombards pn
lombard
A Romance language spoken in northern Italy and southern Switzerland.
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Lombard Street pn
Lombard Street
A street, and the money and capital market of London.

Lombard rate Lombard rates n
taux lombard
(finance) An interest rate charged by a central bank for very short-term loans to other banks against an approved collateral.

Lombardy /ˈlɑmbəɹdi/ /ˈlɒmbədi/ pn
Lombardie
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Lombrosian more Lombrosian most Lombrosian adj
lombrosien

London /ˈlʌ.nən/ /ˈlʌn.dən/ Londons pn
londonien London de Londres
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Londres
(figuratively) The government of the United Kingdom.

London Underground pn
le métro de Londres
The London underground railway system.

Londoner /ˈlʌn.dən.ə(ɹ)/ Londoners n
Londonien Londonienne
A person from, or an inhabitant of, London.

Londonian more Londonian most Londonian adj
londonien
(rare, dated) Of or relating to the city of London, England.

Lone Star State pn
État de l'étoile solitaire

Long Island iced tea Long Island iced teas n
Long Island Iced Tea thé glacé Long Island
A cocktail made with vodka, gin, rum, tequila, and other ingredients.

Long Primer pn
petit-romain

Longaretti Longaretties Longarettis pn
Longaretti

Longchamp pn
Longchamp

Longueil pn
Longueil
A placename of several locations in France

Longueuil pn
Longueuil
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an extant barony based in Longueuil, Quebec, Canada, in the French Peerage and British Peerage

Longueuillois Longueuillois n
Longueuillois
A citizen, denizen, or person from Longueuil

Longyearbyen pn
Longyearbyen
The largest settlement in Svalbard.

Lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ Lords n
monsieur seignieur
lord
An additional title added to denote the dignity of certain high officials, such as the "Lord Mayors" of major cities in the British Commonwealth

Lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ Lords pn
Seigneur
(Christianity) God the Father; the Godhead.
(Christianity) Jesus Christ, God the Son.

Lord's Day Lord's Days n
jour du Seigneur
Sunday, the first day of the week, particularly as the Christian Sabbath.

Lord's Prayer pn
Notre Père
The prayer which, according to the New Testament of the Bible, Jesus Christ taught his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount.

Lorentz transformation Lorentz transformations n
transformation de Lorentz
(mathematics, relativity) A transformation relating the spacetime coordinates of one frame of reference to another in special relativity.

Lorient /lɒɹiˈɑn/ /lɒɹiˈɒ̃/ pn
Lorient
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Lorp-Sentaraille pn
Lorp-Sentaraille
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Lorraine /lɔˈɹeɪn/ /ləˈɹeɪn/ pn
Lorraine
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A en given name, associated with Laura by folk etymology.
A surname.

Lorrainer Lorrainers n
Lorrain Lorraine
A native or inhabitant of Lorraine.

Los Angeles /- ˈændʒələs/ /- ˈændʒəlɪz/ /loʊs ˈæŋɡələs/ /loʊs ˈɑŋheɪleɪs/ /lɑs ˈændʒələs/ /lɒs ˈændʒɪliːz/ /lɒs ˈændʒɪlɪz/ /lɒs-/ /lɔs ˈændʒəliːz/ /lɔs ˈændʒələs/ /lɔs ˈæŋɡələs/ pn
Los Angeles
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Lost River Range pn
chaînon Lost River
A group of high mountains located in central Idaho, in northwest United States.

Lot /lɑt/ /lɒt/ pn
Lot Loth
A nephew of Abraham in the Bible and Quran.
Lot
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Lot-et-Garonne pn
Lot-et-Garonne
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Lotharingia pn
Lotharingie

Lotharingian /loʊ.θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ləʊ.θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ adj
lotharingien
Of or relating to Lotharingia.

Lothario /loʊˈθɛəɹioʊ/ Lotharios n
coureur de jupons don Juan
A man whose chief interest is seducing, usually women.

Louis /ˈlu.əs/ /ˈlu.ɪs/ /ˈluː.i/ /ˈlʉ.əs/ /ˈlʉː.i/ Louises pn
Louis Ludovic
A en given name.
(uncommon) A en given name

Louise /luːˈiːz/ /ləˈwiːz/ pn
Louise
A en given name.
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Louisiana /luːˌiːziˈænə/ /ləˌwiːziˈænə/ /ˌluːziˈænə/ pn
Louisiane
(historical) A vast territory in central North America:

Louisiana Creole pn
courez-venez créole louisianais français cassé gombo
A French-based creole with elements of Spanish, Native American and West African languages spoken by the Louisiana Creole people.

Louisville /ˈluːivɪl/ /ˈluːəvəl/ pn
Louisville
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Loujain pn
Loujaïne
A en given name

Lourdes /lʊəd(z)/ /lʊɹd(z)/ pn
Lourdes
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the French Pyrenees, and site of a large Catholic pilgrimage.

Louvain pn
Louvain
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Louvre /ˈluːv(ɹə)/ /ˈluːvə(ɹ)/ pn
Louvre le musée du Louvre
A famous art museum and former royal palace in Paris, France.

Lovecraftian /lʌvˈkɹæfti.ən/ more Lovecraftian most Lovecraftian adj
lovecraftien
Of, pertaining to, or emulating the style or works of author H. P. Lovecraft (1890–1937).

Low German n
bas allemand bas saxon
(linguistics) Any of a number of West Germanic languages, primarily spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium, that did not undergo the High German consonant shift; the group thereof.

Low Mass Low Masses n
messe basse
An ordinary Roman Catholic or Anglo-Catholic Mass celebrated without music and incense.

Low Prussian pn
bas-prussien

Low Saxon pn
bas saxon
A group of related dialects of Low German, spoken in northern Germany and parts of the Netherlands, formerly also in Denmark.

Lower Austria pn
Basse-Autriche
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Lower Canada /ˈloʊɚ ˈkænədə/ pn
Bas-Canada
(historical) A former British colony located in what is now Labrador and southern Québec.

Lower Egypt pn
Basse-Égypte
(Egyptology) The half of Ancient Egypt north of Memphis, the Nile Delta, so named because the Nile flows South to North.

Lower Normandy pn
Basse-Normandie
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Lower Saxony pn
Basse-Saxe
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Lower Sorbian pn
bas-sorabe
a highly endangered West Slavic language spoken in parts of southern Brandenburg

Lozère pn
Lozère
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Ltd. n
Ltée. SARL

Luang Namtha pn
Louang Namtha
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Luang Prabang pn
Luang Prabang
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Lucan pn
Lucain
The Roman poet Marcus Annaeus Lucanus.

Lucas /ˈluːkəs/ pn
Luc Lucas
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Lucca pn
Lucques
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Lucciana pn
Lucciana
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Lucerne pn
Lucerne
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Lucian /ˈljuː-/ /ˈluː.sɪən/ /ˈluː.ʃən/ pn
Lucien de Samosate
A sophist who was of Syrian origin.
Lucien
A en given name, rare in the English-speaking world.

Lucifer /ˈluːsɪfə/ pn
Lucifer
(biblical) The King of Babylon who was compared to the planet Venus in first the Wycliffe version then the King James Version of Isaiah 14:12; it is unclear whether this verse refers to a specific king or to a representation of the entire line of kings of Babylon.

Lucina pn
Lucine
An epithet of the Roman goddess Juno or (less often) Diana in the role of goddess of childbirth, midwives, and newborns.

Lucite pn
plexiglas
The tough transparent thermoplastic polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).

Lucretius pn
Lucrèce
Titus Lucretius Carus, a Roman poet and philosopher.

Lucy /ˈluːsi/ pn
Lucie
A surname from Old French derived from place names in Normandy based on a male personal name, from Latin Lucius.

Luddite /ˈlʌ.daɪt/ [ˈlʌ.ɾaɪt] [ˈlʌ.ɾʌit] Luddites n
luddite
(historical) Any of a group of early-19th-century English textile workers who destroyed machinery because it would harm their livelihood.

Ludfordian pn
Ludfordien

Ludwig's angina n
angine de Ludwig
(otorhinolaryngology, pathology) A serious, potentially life-threatening infection of the floor of the mouth, usually occurring in adults with concomitant dental infections, and if left untreated, may obstruct the airways, necessitating tracheotomy.

Luhansk /luːˈhænsk/ /luːˈhɑːnsk/ pn
Louhansk Lougansk
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Luhansk People's Republic pn
République populaire de Lougansk
A partially-recognized secessionist state proclaimed in Luhansk Oblast, Ukraine on the 27th of April, 2014; one of two members of the Confederation of Novorossiya.

Lukashenko pn
Loukachenka Loukachenko
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Лукаше́нко (Lukašénko).

Luke /luːk/ /lɪu̯k/ pn
Luc Louké
A en given name
Luke the Evangelist, an early Christian credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
An English surname originating as a patronymic, a variant of Luck.
Luc Lc Louké
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Luke, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the third of the four gospels.
Louké
An Irish surname originating as a patronymic, a later anglicization of Lúcás (Lucas).
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Lullism n
lullisme

Lunarian Lunarians n
Lunarien Lunaire Sélénien Sélénite
(science fiction) An inhabitant of Luna (the Moon).

Lupus /ˈluːpəs/ pn
Loup
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a wolf. It lies south of the constellation Libra.

Lusaka /luːˈsɑːkə/ pn
Lusaka
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Lusatia /luˈseɪʃə/ pn
Lusace
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Lusignan /ˈluːzɪnjɒn/ Lusignans n
Lusignan
member of a royal house of French origin, which at various times ruled several principalities in Europe and the Levant, including the kingdoms of Jerusalem, Cyprus, and Armenia, from the 12th through the 15th centuries during the Middle Ages

Lusitania /lu.sɪˈteɪ.ni.ə/ /luː.sɪˈteɪ.nɪə/ pn
Lusitanie
An ancient Roman province, roughly corresponding to modern Portugal.

Lusitanian more Lusitanian most Lusitanian adj
lusitain lusitaine lusitanien lusitanienne
Of or pertaining to ancient Roman province of Lusitania, its people or culture.

Lusitanian Lusitanians n
Lusitanien
A native or inhabitant of ancient Lusitania.

Luso- prefix
luso-
Relating to Portugal or the Portuguese people, language, or culture.

Lusophone /ˈlusəˌfoʊn/ /ˈluːsəˌfəʊn/ adj
lusophone
(of a person) Portuguese-speaking.
(of a place) Portuguese-speaking.

Lusophone /ˈlusəˌfoʊn/ /ˈluːsəˌfəʊn/ Lusophones n
lusophone
A Portuguese speaker.

Lutetia pn
Lutèce
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(astronomy) 21 Lutetia, a main belt asteroid.

Lutetian /luːˈtiːʃən/ more Lutetian most Lutetian adj
lutécien

Lutetian /luːˈtiːʃən/ Lutetians n
Lutécien Lutécienne

Lutetian /luːˈtiːʃən/ pn
Lutétien

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ more Lutheran most Lutheran adj
luthérien
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546) or his followers, or the Lutheran church.

Lutheran /ˈluːθəɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluːθɹ(ə)n/ /ˈluθəɹən/ /ˈluθɹən/ Lutherans n
luthérien luthérienne
(Christianity) A member of any of the Christian churches which identify with the theology of Martin Luther.

Lutheranism n
luthéranisme luthérianisme
The Christian denomination based on the beliefs and doctrines developed by Martin Luther and his immediate followers.

Luxembourg /ˈlʌk.səm.bɜːɡ/ /ˈlʌk.səm.bɝɡ/ pn
Luxembourg
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Luxembourger Luxembourgers n
Luxembourgeois Luxembourgeoise
A person from the independent grand duchy of Luxembourg or of Luxembourgish descent.

Luxembourgish /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡɪʃ/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɪʃ/ adj
luxembourgeois
Of, from, or pertaining to Luxembourg or its people.

Luxembourgish /ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːɡɪʃ/ /ˈlʌksəmˌbɝɡɪʃ/ pn
luxembourgeois
A Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg and, traditionally, around the city of Arlon (Belgium); originally included in the Moselle Franconian group of High German dialects, but now usually regarded as a separate language due to its standardisation and official use in the state of Luxembourg.

Luzon /ˈluˌzɔn/ pn
Luçon
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Luzon Strait pn
détroit de Luçon
A strait between Taiwan and Luzon, connecting the South China Sea with the Philippine Sea.

Lviv /ləˈviːv/ pn
Lviv Léopol
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Lycerius pn
Lizier
A fifth/sixth-century Catholic saint from Novempopulania

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ adj
lycien
Of, or relating to Lycia, or its people, language or culture.

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ Lycians n
Lycien
A native or inhabitant of ancient Lycia.

Lycian /ˈlɪ.si.ən/ /ˈlɪ.sɪ.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃi.ən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃən/ /ˈlɪ.ʃɪ.ən/ pn
lycien
An extinct Indo-European language in the Anatolian group.

Lydia /ˈlɪ.di.ə/ pn
Lydie
(historical) A region of southwest Asia Minor or Persia.
(Biblical) A woman converted by St. Paul; presumably named for ancestry or residence in Lydia.
Lydie Lydia
A en given name.

Lydian mode n
lydien mode lydien
(music) a mode whose scale is the same as a major key with the fourth scale degree raised by one half step, with the interval pattern:

Lyman /liˈmɑn/ /lɪˈmɑn/ /ˈlaɪ.mən/ pn
Lyman
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Lyme disease n
borréliose maladie de Lyme
(disease) Infection by one of three or more subspecies of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by four species of tick in genus Ixodes. Symptoms include a rash followed by fever, joint pain, and headaches.

Lynx /lɪŋks/ pn
Lynx
(constellation) A faint spring constellation of the northern sky. It lies north of the constellation Cancer.

Lyon pn
Lyon
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Lyra /ˈlaɪ.ɹə/ /ˈlɪ(ə)ɹ.ə/ pn
Lyre
(constellation) A summer constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a lyre. It includes the bright star Vega and the Ring Nebula.

Lysychansk pn
Lissitchansk Lyssytchansk
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Löwchen Löwchen Löwchens n
petit chien lion
An uncommon bichon bred in North-Western Europe.

Lübeck pn
Lübeck
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Lüneburg pn
Lunebourg
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M/S n
N/M
(nautical) Initialism of motor ship. – a ship propelled by an internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine, in contrast to sailing ships and steamships

M/V M/Vs n
N/M
(nautical) Initialism of motor vessel.

MAC address MAC addresses n
adresse MAC
(computing, networking) Media Access Control address; a unique identifying number assigned to most network devices.

MB MBs n
Mo
(China, slang) moneyboy.
(computing) Motherboard.
(military, US) Initialism of marine barracks.
(Thailand) million baht.
Bachelor of Medicine degree (Latin: Medicinae Baccalaureus).

MBps MBps n
Mo/s
(computing) megabytes per second

MEP MEPs n
eurodéputé eurodéputée
(EU politics) Initialism of Member of the European Parliament.

MILF /mɪlf/ MILFs n
MILF
(vulgar, slang, acronym) A (putative) mother found sexually attractive

MITI pn
MITI
Initialism of Ministry of International Trade and Industry (of Japan).

MLM n
MLM

MMC pn
CMM
(government) Initialism of Montreal Metropolitan Community.

MMIWG n
FFADA
(North America, politics, crime)

MMORPG MMORPGs n
MMORPG
(online gaming) Initialism of massively multiplayer online role-playing game.

MOOC /muːk/ MOOCs n
CLOM
A massive open online course designed for a very large enrollment, offered on the World Wide Web by an educational institution and typically free of charge.

MP3 player MP3 players n
lecteur MP3
An electronic device for playing digital audio files in the MP3 format (and, in many cases, also files in some other formats and/or including a radio function).

MPV MPVs n
monospace
Initialism of multipurpose vehicle: a minivan, station wagon/estate car, large car, or, small/minibus, designed to be used on- and off-road and easily convertible to facilitate either carrying people or loading goods.

MRSA /ˈmɝsə/ /ˈɛm.ɑɹ.ɛs.eɪ/ /ˈɛm.ɑːɹ.ɛs.eɪ/ MRSAs n
SARM
(microbiology, medicine) Initialism of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; a bacterium responsible for serious infections.

MSRP MSRPs n
PDSC PDSF
Initialism of manufacturer's suggested retail price.

MTC pn
STM
(transport) the Montreal Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the megacity and Island of Montreal; it replaced the MUCTC in 2002.
CTM
(transport) the Montreal Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the island and City of Montreal; it was replaced by the MUCTC in 1970, it replaced the Montreal Tramways Co. in 1950 when the latter was nationalized.
CTM MTC
(transport) the Montreal Tramways Company (Montreal Tramways Co.) — the public transit company of the island of Montreal; the company was nationalized in 1950 and replaced by the Montreal Transit Commission, it was formed in 1911 by the merger of several previous companies.

MTF adj
MtF

MTFTM MTFTMs n
MtFtM

MUC pn
CUM
(government, acronym) the Montreal Urban Community — the supramunicipal level of government for the island of Montreal and several surrounding islands. It was formed in 1970, and in 2002 it was replaced by the MMC, it area was subsumed into the megacity of Montreal. It was reformed in 2006 as the Montreal Agglomeration Council (Conseil d'agglomération de Montréal).

MUCTC pn
STCUM
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation — the public transit corporation for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the MTC in 2002, it replaced the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission in 1985.
CTCUM STCUM
(transport) the Montreal Urban Community Transit Commission — the public transit commission for the Montreal Urban Community; it was replaced by the Montreal Urban Community Transit Corporation in 1985, it replaced the MTC in 1970.

MV MVs n
N/M
(nautical) Initialism of motor vessel.
(nautical) Initialism of merchant vessel.

Maastrichtian more Maastrichtian most Maastrichtian adj
maastrichtien maastrichtienne
Of or pertaining to Maastricht.
Of or pertaining to the Maastrichtian Age geological period.

Maastrichtian Maastrichtians n
Maastrichtien Maastrichtienne
(countable) Someone from Maastricht

Maastrichtian pn
Maastrichtien
(geology) in the ICS geologic timescale, the last stage or age of the Cretaceous period, and of the Mesozoic era, preceded by the Campanian and succeeded by the Danian period.

Mablethorpe and Sutton pn
Mablethorpe and Sutton

MacBook MacBooks n
MacBook
A MacBook-brand notebook computer, manufactured by Apple Computer.

MacKinnon pn
MacKinnon

Macanese /ˌmæk.əˈniz/ Macanese n
macanais macanéen
A member of an ethnic group from Macau of mixed European (usually Portuguese) and Asian (usually Chinese) origin.

Macaoese Macaoese n
macanais macanéen
A person from Macao or of Macao descent.

Macarius pn
Macaire

Macau /məˈkaʊ/ pn
Macao
A Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China just west of Hong Kong, previously under Portuguese control.

Maccabee /ˈmæ.kəˌbi/ Maccabees n
Maccabée
(biblical) A member of the Maccabees (a liberation movement in Israel who established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel in the second and first centuries BC).

Maccabees pn
Maccabées
(biblical) One of two books of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Macedonia /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macédoine
An ancient Greek kingdom, located to the north of Thessaly, comprising the Greek city of Thessaloniki and its surroundings.
Macédoine République de Macédoine
A geographical region which includes the Republic of North Macedonia, the Greek region of Macedonia, the Pirin region of Bulgaria, and small parts of Albania and Serbia.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ adj
macédonien
Of or pertaining to Macedonia or its people or language.

Macedonian /mæsəˈdəʊnɪən/ Macedonians n
macédonien macédonienne
(countable) A person from Macedonia (in any sense).
macédonien
(uncountable) A South Slavic language, the standard language of the Republic of North Macedonia.

Macerata pn
Macerata
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A town, the capital of Macerata.

Machiavelli pn
Machiavel
Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527), Italian statesman and writer, whose work The Prince (1532) advises that acquiring and exercising power may require unethical methods.

Machiavellian /ˌmæk.i.əˈvɛl.i.ən/ /ˌmæk.jəˈvɛl.i.ən/ /ˌmɑk.i.əˈvɛl.i.ən/ more Machiavellian most Machiavellian adj
machiavélique
Attempting to achieve goals by cunning, scheming, and unscrupulous methods, especially in politics or in advancing one's career.
machiavélien
Related to the philosophical system of Niccolò Machiavelli.

Machiavellianism Machiavellianisms n
machiavélisme
(philosophy, politics) A political philosophy, based on the writings of Machiavelli, especially The Prince, that advocates the use of ruthlessness and duplicity in political dealings.
(countable) A political maneuver that exemplifies the philosophy.
(by extension) Any ruthless, duplicitous behavior.

Macintosh Macintoshes n
Macintosh
(computing) A brand of personal computer manufactured by Apple Inc.

Macron /mæˈkɹɒn/ pn
Macron
A surname from French.

Madagascar /-ɑː/ /madəˈɡaskə/ /mædəˈɡæskɑɹ/ pn
Madagascar
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Madagascar buzzard Madagascar buzzards n
buse de Madagascar
Buteo brachypterus, a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family endemic to Madagascar.

Madagascar jacana Madagascar jacanas n
Jacana malgache
Actophilornis albinucha, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

Madeira /məˈdɪəɹ.ə/ Madeiras n
madère
A type of fortified wine produced on that island.

Madeira /məˈdɪəɹ.ə/ pn
Madère
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Madeiran Madeirans n
Madéran Madérien Madériote Madérois
Someone from Madeira.

Madhya Pradesh /ˌmɑːdjə pɹəˈdɛʃ/ pn
Madhya Pradesh
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Madonna /məˈdɒnə/ Madonnas pn
Madone
(Christianity, sometimes with definite article) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, especially in Catholic contexts.

Madras /məˈdɹæs/ /məˈdɹɑːs/ pn
Madras
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Madrid /məˈdɹɪd/ /ˈmædrɪd/ /ˈmædɹɪd/ pn
Madrid
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Madrilenian adj
madrilène
Of or pertaining to Madrid, Spain, or to its inhabitants.

Madrilenian Madrilenians n
Madrilène madrilène madrilègne
A native or inhabitant of Madrid, Spain.

Maecenas /mʌɪˈsiːnəs/ Maecenases n
mécène
A generous benefactor; specifically, a patron of literature or art.

Maenclochog pn
Maenclochog

Mafioso Mafiosi Mafiosos n
mafieux mafieuse
An (especially male) member of the Mafia.

Magdalene /ˈmæɡdəlin/ /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ pn
Madeleine
A en given name

Magdeburg /ˈmaɡdəbɜːɡ/ /ˈmæɡdəbɝɡ/ pn
Magdebourg
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Magellanic Cloud Magellanic Clouds n
nuage de Magellan
(galaxy) Either of two irregular galaxies that are close companions of our Milky Way galaxy.

Magellanic penguin Magellanic penguins n
manchot de Magellan
A species of penguin, Spheniscus magellanicus, found in coastal South America.

Maggie /ˈmæɡi/ pn
Maguy Margot
A diminutive of the en given name Margaret.

Maghreb /ˈmɑːɡɹɛb/ /ˈmʌɡɹəb/ pn
Maghreb
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Northwest Africa, the region of Africa north of the Sahara and west of the Nile. The lands of the Maghreb are generally considered to be the coastal plains of Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya.

Maghrebi more Maghrebi most Maghrebi adj
maghrébin
Of or relating to the Maghreb or its people.

Maghrebi Maghrebis n
Maghrébin Maghrébine
A native or inhabitant of the Maghreb.

Magi /ˈmeɪd͡ʒaɪ/ /ˈmeɪˌd͡ʒaɪ/ /ˈmæ-/ pn
Rois mages
(Christianity) Chiefly preceded by the (three): the wise men who visited and gave gifts to the baby Jesus at the Epiphany (traditionally considered to be three in number and sometimes named Balthazar, Caspar, and Melchior, but the Bible does not state how many there were or their names).

Magna Carta /ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːtə/ /ˌmæɡnə ˈkɑːɹtə/ [-ɾə] Magna Cartas Magnae Cartae Magnæ Cartæ pn
Magna Carta
(historical) A charter granted by King John to the barons at Runnymede in 1215, which is one of the bases of English constitutional tradition; a physical copy of this charter, or a later version.

Magna Graecia pn
Grande Grèce Grande-Grèce
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Magnesian /mæɡˈniʒən/ Magnesians n
Magnesenne Magnesien
An inhabitant or a resident of Magnesia.

Magnon pn
Magnon

Magyarize v
magyariser
(transitive) To make or render Hungarian.

Maharashtrian more Maharashtrian most Maharashtrian adj
maharashtrien
Of or pertaining to Maharashtra, its people, culture or languages (i.e. Marathi people).

Maharashtrian Maharashtrians n
maharashtrien
A native or resident of Maharashtra.

Mahbubnagar pn
Mahbubnagar
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Mahdi /ˈmɑːdi/ pn
mahdi
(Twelver Shiite, _, Islam) Muhammad b. Hasan al-Mahdi, the last of the Twelve Imams, born in 868 AD but believed alive and present in this world in a state of occultation; officially the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran; similarly to Sunni belief he will reappear before the end of time.

Mahorais Mahorais n
Mahorais
A person from Mayotte or of Mahoran descent.

Mahoran adj
mahorais
Of, from, or pertaining to Mayotte or its people or language.

Mahé pn
Mahé
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Maia /ˈmaɪ.ə/ /ˈmeɪ.ə/ pn
Maïa
(Greek god) Daughter of Atlas and mother of Hermes.

Maillard reaction /maɪˈjɑː(ɹ) ɹiˈækʃən/ Maillard reactions n
réaction de Maillard
(organic chemistry) The condensation reaction of an amino acid and a reducing sugar, followed by polymerization to form brown pigments - melanoidins; one of the causes of browning during cooking. [from 1910s]

Maimonides /maɪˈmɑnədiz/ pn
Maïmonide
A medieval Jewish philosopher.

Main pn
Main
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Main Street pn
rue principale
The generic street name (and often the official name) of the primary retail street of a village, town, or small city in the United States, Canada, Ireland, some parts of Scotland and also in some countries in central Europe.

Maine /meɪn/ /mɛn/ pn
Maine
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University of Maine.

Maine Coon Maine Coons n
maine coon
A large, fluffy semi-longhair domestic cat of a breed that originated in Maine.

Maine-et-Loire pn
Maine-et-Loire
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Mainer Mainers n
Mainois Mainoise mainois
A native or resident of the state of Maine in the United States of America.

Mainz /maɪn(t)s/ /maɪnts/ pn
Mayence
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Maj. n
Maj.
(military, chiefly, as a prenominal title)

Majesty /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ə.sti/ /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪ.sti/ pronoun
majesté
a term of address for royalty and imperiality

Majorca /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.kə/ /məˈd͡ʒɔː.kə/ /məˈjɔɹ.kə/ /məˈjɔː.kə/ pn
Majorque
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Makassar pn
Macassar
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Makemake /ˈmɑ.keˈmɑke/ pn
Make-Make Makemake
(mythology) The creator deity in the mythology of Easter Island.
Makemake
(astronomy) A dwarf planet orbiting in the Kuiper belt, discovered in 2005.

Makhachkala pn
Makhatchkala
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Makiyivka /mɑːˈkiːɪvkə/ pn
Makeïevka Makiïvka
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Malabar Coast pn
Côte de Malabar
(historical) The western coast of the Indian subcontinent, more appropriately towards the southern part of it. A region in the southwest of India. Principally the present state of Kerala.

Malacca /məˈlaka/ /məˈlakə/ /məˈlækə/ pn
Malacca
Short for Strait of Malacca.

Malachi /ˈmæləkaɪ/ pn
Malachie
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
(biblical) A minor prophet.
A en given name mostly used in Ireland as an anglicization of two Gaelic names.

Malagasy /mæləˈɡeɪzi/ /ˌmæləˈɡæsi/ adj
malgache
Of, from, or pertaining to Madagascar.

Malagasy /mæləˈɡeɪzi/ /ˌmæləˈɡæsi/ Malagasies Malagasy n
Malgache malgache
(countable) A person from Madagascar or of Malagasy descent.
malgache
(uncountable) The languages of Madagascar or of the Malagasy people, when considered to be one language.

Malakoff pn
Malakoff
A commune in the Hauts-de-Seine department, Île-de-France, France.

Malavedan pn
Malavedan
A Dravidian language spoken in the Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Malawi /mɑːˈlɑːwi/ /məˈlɑːwi/ pn
Malawi
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Malawian Malawians n
Malawien Malawite
A person from Malawi or of Malawian descent.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ adj
malais
Of or relating to the Malays, a people living in Brunei, on the eastern coast of Sumatra, the islands of Bangka and Belitung, the Riau archipelago and the coastal areas of Kalimantan in Indonesia, in most of Malaysia (states where they are politically dominant), in Singapore and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ Malays n
malais
Malais Malaise
(countable) A person of Malay ancestry, referring to a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia.

Malay /meɪˈleɪ/ /məˈleɪ/ /ˈmeɪleɪ/ pn
malais
(broad sense) The Malay language, an Austronesian language spoken by most Malay people and by others where it is an official language, including under the name Indonesian.

Malay apple /məˌleɪ ˈapəl/ /məˌleɪ ˈæpəl/ /ˌmeɪleɪ ˌæpəl/ Malay apples n
jambosier rouge pomme d'eau

Malayalam /mæləˈjɑːləm/ /ˌmɑː.ləˈjɑː.ləm/ pn
malayalam
A Dravidian language spoken in the states of Kerala and Lakshadweep, India.

Malayan night heron Malayan night herons n
bihoreau malais
A medium-sized heron, Gorsachius melanolophus, distributed in southern and eastern Asia, and breeding in India, Taiwan, China, and the Philippines.

Malaysia /məlejsiə/ /məlejʃə/ /məˈleɪziə/ /məˈleɪʒə/ pn
Malaisie
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Malaysian /məˈleɪ.zi.ən/ /məˈleɪ.ʒən/ adj
malaisien
Pertaining to the country of Malaysia.
Pertaining to the Malay language.

Malaysian /məˈleɪ.zi.ən/ /məˈleɪ.ʒən/ Malaysians n
Malaisienne Malaisien
A native of Malaysia.

Maldives /-divz/ /ˈmæl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɑl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɒl.diːvz/ /ˈmɔl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɔːl.daɪvz/ /ˈmɔːl.diːvz/ pn
Maldives
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Maldivian Maldivians n
Maldivais Maldivien Maldivois
(countable) A person from the Maldives or of Maldivian descent.

Mali /ˈmɑːli/ pn
Mali
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Malian adj
malien
Of, from, or pertaining to Mali or the Malian people.

Malian Malians n
Malien malien
A person from Mali or of Malian descent.

Malibu /ˈmælɪbuː/ pn
Malibu
TemplateParserError:LuaError known for its beaches.

Mallarméan /ˌmalɑːˈmeɪən/ more Mallarméan most Mallarméan adj
mallarméen
Of or relating to Stéphane Mallarmé (1842–1898), French poet and critic.

Mallorcan more Mallorcan most Mallorcan adj
majorquin
Of, from, or relating to, Mallorca or its culture or people.

Mallorcan Mallorcans n
majorquin
The variety of Balearic Catalan spoken on Mallorca.

Malmö /ˈmalməʊ/ /ˈmɑlmoʊ/ /ˈmɑlmʊ/ /ˈmɑːlməʊ/ /ˈmɑːlmɜː/ pn
Malmö Malmoe
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Malolos pn
Malolos
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Malpighian more Malpighian most Malpighian adj
malpighien
Of, relating to, or discovered by Marcello Malpighi, an Italian anatomist of the 17th century.

Malrucian more Malrucian most Malrucian adj
malrucien

Malta /ˈmɑl.tə/ /ˈmɔl.tə/ /ˈmɔːl.tə/ pn
Malte
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Malta Island pn
Malte
The largest island of Malta.

Maltais pn
Maltais

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ adj
maltais
Of or pertaining to Malta or its language.

Maltese /mɑlˈtiz/ /mɒlˈtiːz/ /mɔːlˈtiːz/ Maltese Malteses n
Maltais Maltaise
(mostly, in the plural, plural "Maltese") An inhabitant or a resident of Malta.
bichon maltais
(plural "Malteses") A small breed of dog with a long silky coat.
maltais
(uncountable) The Semitic language of Malta.

Maltese cross Maltese crosses n
croix de Malte
A cross having four equal arms resembling arrowheads joined at the points

Malthusian more Malthusian most Malthusian adj
malthusien
Of, or relating to Thomas Malthus (1766–1834) or his views on human population and world resources.

Malukus pn
Moluques
Short for Maluku Islands.

Malé /ˈmɑːleɪ/ /ˈmɑːlɛ/ pn
Malé
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Mamoudzou pn
Mamoudzou
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Man pn
Homme
The genus Homo.

Man of Steel pn
Homme d’acier
A moniker for Superman, the fictional superhero.

Manama /məˈnɑːmə/ pn
Manama
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Manasseh /məˈnæ.sə/ pn
Manassé
The elder son of Joseph in the Bible, eponymous ancestor of one of the twelve tribes of Israel.

Manaus /mɑːˈnaʊs/ pn
Manaos Manaus
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Manche pn
Manche
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Manchester /mæn.ˈt͡ʃɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈman.t͡ʃɪs.tə/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɛs.tɚ/ /ˈmæn.t͡ʃɪs.tə(ɹ)/ pn
Manchester
Any of several towns and cities in the United States of America:

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ adj
mandchou
Manchurian, referring to the Manchu(rian) people.
Manchurian, referring to the Manchu language.

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ Manchus n
mandchou Mandchou Mandchoue
A person belonging to or descended from the indigenous people of Manchuria.

Manchu /ˌmænˈt͡ʃuː/ pn
mandchou
The indigenous language of the Manchu people, spoken in Manchuria.

Manchukuo /mænˈt͡ʃʊəkuːəʊ/ pn
Mandchoukouo
(historical) A puppet state of Imperial Japan, existing from 1932 to 1945, conceived as a Manchu nation-state under the restored Qing dynasty.

Manchuria /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiə/ pn
Mandchourie
(historical) The area traditionally inhabited by the Manchu people and their Jurchen predecessors, in modern China and Russia.

Manchurian /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiən/ more Manchurian most Manchurian adj
mandchourien
Pertaining to Manchuria.

Manchurian /mænˈt͡ʃʊəɹiən/ Manchurians n
Mandchourien Mandchourienne Mandchouriennes Mandchouriens
An inhabitant of Manchuria, especially one who is not of Han Chinese origin.

Mancunian /manˈkjuː.nɪ.ən/ /maŋ-/ /mænˈkju.ni.ən/ more Mancunian most Mancunian adj
mancunien mancunienne
Related or pertaining to Manchester, England, in the United Kingdom.

Mancunian /manˈkjuː.nɪ.ən/ /maŋ-/ /mænˈkju.ni.ən/ Mancunians n
mancunien mancunienne
A person raised or living in the city of Manchester, England, in the United Kingdom.

Mandaeism /ˈmæn.deɪ.ɪ.zəm/ pn
mandéisme
A monotheistic religion of the Iraq region with a strongly dualistic and gnostic worldview, whose adherents (the Mandaeans) revere Adam and other Biblical figures, especially John the Baptist.

Mandaluyong pn
Mandaluyong
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Mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ n
mandarin
Standard Mandarin, an official language of China and Taiwan, and one of four official languages in Singapore; Putonghua, Guoyu or Huayu.

Mandopop n
mandopop
(music genre, uncountable) Mandarin popular music.

Mangalore pn
Mangalore
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Mangarevan pn
mangarévien
The Polynesian language of the Gambier Islands in French Polynesia.

Manhattan /mænˈhæt.ən/ /mənˈhæt.ən/ [mn̩ˈhætn̩] pn
Manhattan
Ellipsis of Borough of Manhattan.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, mainly on Manhattan Island, coterminous with New York County.

Manichaean /ˌmænɪˈkiːən/ adj
manichéen
Of or relating to Manichaeism.

Manichaean /ˌmænɪˈkiːən/ Manichaeans n
manichéen manichéenne
A follower of Manichaeism.

Manichaeism /mænɪˈkiːɪz(ə)m/ /ˈmænɪkiːɪz(ə)m/ pn
manichéisme
(religion) A syncretic, dualistic religion that combines elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought, founded by the Iranian prophet Mani in 3rd century AD.

Manila /məˈnɪl.ə/ pn
Manille
(figuratively) The national government or administrative authority of the Philippines.

Manila hemp n
abaca chanvre de Manille bananier textile
The fibre of the abaca.

Manipur /ˌmənɪpʊɹ/ pn
Manipur
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Manitoba /ˌmæn.ɪˈtəʊ.bə/ /ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə/ pn
Manitoba
A province in Western Canada.

Manitoban more Manitoban most Manitoban adj
manitobain
Of or pertaining to the Canadian province of Manitoba.

Manitoban Manitobans n
Manitobain Manitobaine
A native or inhabitant of Manitoba, Canada.

Mantoux test Mantoux tests n
test Mantoux
(immunology) A skin test for tuberculosis, involving an injection of PPD (purified protein derivative).

Mantua /ˈmæn.t(j)u.ə/ /ˈmæn.ə.weɪ/ pn
Mantoue
Province of Lombardy, Italy.
City and capital of Mantua.

Manx /mæŋks/ more Manx most Manx adj
mannois
Relating to the Isle of Man and/or its Celto-Germanic people.

Manx /mæŋks/ Manx Manxes n
manx
A member or descendant of the Celto-Germanic people of the Isle of Man; a Manxman or Manxwoman.
A breed of domestic cat native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and rounded, cobby body.
Mannois Mannoise
(collective, in the plural) the Manx; Manx people.
A cat of the Manx breed; a Manx cat.

Manx /mæŋks/ pn
mannois manxois
(uncountable) A Goidelic language spoken on the Isle of Man.

Manx cat /mæŋks kæt/ Manx cats n
chat Manx
A domestic cat of a breed that is native to the Isle of Man, principally characterized by suppression of the tail, and with a short-haired coat and a medium-sized, rounded, cobby body.

Manxman Manxmen n
Mannois
A man from the Isle of Man

Manzonian more Manzonian most Manzonian adj
manzonien
(literature) Of, pertaining to, or in the style of Alessandro Manzoni (1785–1873), Italian poet and novelist.

Manzonian Manzonians n
manzonien manzonienne
(literature) A follower of Alessandro Manzoni, or one who writes in his style.

Maoism /ˈmaʊɪzəm/ Maoisms n
maoïsme
The philosophy espoused by Chinese leader Mao Zedong, a form of Marxism-Leninism that focuses on the peasantry as the revolutionary vanguard.

Maoist more Maoist most Maoist adj
maoïste
of, related to, or advocating Maoism

Maoist Maoists n
maoïste
one who advocates Maoism

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] adj
maori maorie
Of, from, or pertaining to the Maori.

Maori /ˈmaʊɹi/ /ˈmæʊɹiː/ /ˈmɐʉɹiː/ [ˈmɑːɔɾi] Maori Maories Maoris n
maori Maori Maorie
A member of the indigenous people of New Zealand.

Maple Leaf pn
Unifolié

Maramureș pn
Marmatie
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Maranhão pn
Maragnan Maranhão
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Marathi /məˈɹɑːti/ adj
marathe
Pertaining to Maharashtra or its language.

Marathi /məˈɹɑːti/ Marathi n
marathe marathi Marathe
(uncountable) A language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India.
Marathe
(plural only) The people of this state.

Marathon /ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmæɹəˌθɑn/ /ˈmæɹəθən/ /ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmɛɹəˌθɑn/ pn
Marathon
A place name elsewhere in the world:

Marcel /mɑɹˈsɛl/ /mɑːˈsɛl/ pn
Marcel
A en given name

Marcella pn
Marcelle
A en given name.

Marcellus pn
Marcel
A en given name.

March /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːt͡ʃ/ Marches pn
mars
The third month of the Gregorian calendar, following February and preceding April. Abbreviation: Mar or Mar.

Marche pn
Marches
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Marchessault Marchessaults pn
Marchessault

Marciac pn
Marciac
A commune and town in the French department of Gers, administrative region of Occitania, France.

Marcionism /ˈmɑːsɪənɪz(ə)m/ /ˈmɑːʃənɪz(ə)m/ n
marcionisme
(Christianity) An early Christian following akin to but distinct from gnosticism which rejected the validity of the Old Testament and essentially denied the Trinity, regarding God the Father as an inferior demiurge, and that Jesus had nothing to do with the First Person of the Trinity.

Marcius pn
Marcius
a Roman nomen gentile

Marcoux pn
Marcoux

Marechal's test pn
réaction de Maréchal

Marfan syndrome Marfan syndromes n
syndrome de Marfan
A genetic disorder of the connective tissue that causes defects in the heart valves and aorta.

Margaret /-ət/ /ˈmɑɹɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑɹɡɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡəɹɪt/ /ˈmɑːɡɹɪt/ Margarets pn
Marguerite
A en given name.

Margaux pn
Margaux

Mariage Mariages pn
Mariage

Marian /ˈme(ə)ɹiən/ /ˈmɛəɹiən/ /ˈmɛɹiən/ more Marian most Marian adj
marial
(Christianity) Of or relating to the Virgin Mary.

Marian pn
Marianne
A en given name.

Mariana Trench pn
Fosse des Mariannes
(oceanography) A submarine trench in the North Pacific Ocean, noted for having the deepest known point on Earth.

Marie-Galante pn
Marie-Galante
An island in the archipelago of Guadeloupe.

Marieval pn
Marieval

Marina /məˈɹiːnə/ pn
Marine
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Марина (Marina).

Marinduque /ˌmærənˈduːkeɪ/ pn
Marinduque
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Marinette /-iˈnɛt/ /ˌmæɹɪnˈɛt/ /ˌmɛɹ-/ /ˌmɛɹinˈɛt/ pn
Marinette
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Named after Marie Antoinette Chevalier, an Indian woman.

Marinid Marinids n
Mérinide
(historical) A member of a dynasty of Zenata Berber descent that ruled Morocco from the 13th to the 15th century.

Mariolatry /ˌmæ-/ /ˌmɛɹiˈɑlətɹi/ /ˌmɛːɹiˈɒlətɹi/ Mariolatries n
mariolâtrie
(Protestantism, derogatory) Adoration or veneration of the Virgin Mary to an extent regarded as inappropriate or even idolatrous. [from early 17th c.]

Mariological more Mariological most Mariological adj
mariologique
Of or pertaining to Mariology.

Mariology Mariologies n
mariologie
The theological study of the Virgin Mary.

Marist /ˈmaɹɪst/ /ˈmɛːɹɪst/ more Marist most Marist adj
mariste
Of or pertaining to these organizations or their members

Marist /ˈmaɹɪst/ /ˈmɛːɹɪst/ Marists n
Mariste
A member of any of several Roman Catholic organizations named after the Virgin Mary

Maritime Sign Language pn
langue des signes maritime
An endangered sign language descended from Old British Sign Language used in Atlantic Canada.

Mariupol /-pɑl/ /-pəl/ /meɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /mæɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /mæɹ.iˈuː.pɒl/ /mɑː.ɹiˈuː.poʊl/ /mɛɹ.iˈuː.poʊl/ /ˈmeɹ.iu-/ /ˈmæɹ.iu-/ /ˈmɛɹ.iu-/ pn
Marioupol
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Marius pn
Marius
A en given name.

Mark /maːk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɹ)k/ Marks pn
Marc
A en given name.
Mark the Evangelist, also called John Mark, the first patriarch of Alexandria, credited with the authorship of the Gospel of Mark.
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Mark, a book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the second of the four gospels.

Markham /ˈmɑɹkəm/ pn
Markham
A surname.
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Marlene pn
Marlène
A en given name borrowed from German in early 20th century.

Marne /mɑɹn/ pn
Marne
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Marnese more Marnese most Marnese adj
marnais
Of, or pertaining to, Marne.

Maronite /ˈmærəˌnaɪt/ adj
maronite
Of or pertaining to Saint Maron or the Maronite Church.

Maronite /ˈmærəˌnaɪt/ Maronites n
maronite
A member of the Maronite Church.

Marotiri pn
Îlots de Bass
A group of uninhabited volcanic rocks with a total surface of 4 ha in the Bass Islands at the southeastern end of the Austral Islands of French Polynesia.

Marquesic adj
marquisien marquésique

Marrakech /məˈɹæ.kɛʃ/ /məˈɹɑ.kɛʃ/ /ˌmæɹ.əˈkɛʃ/ pn
Marrakech
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Marranic adj
marranique

Marranism pn
marranisme

Marrano /məˈɹɑːnəʊ/ Marranos n
marrane
(historical) Any of the Sephardi Jews who stayed in Iberia during the Spanish Inquisition, and continued to practice Judaism in secret.

Marriage Marriages pn
Mariage
A surname

Mars /ˈmɑɹz/ /ˈmɑːz/ pn
Mars
(astronomy) The fourth planet in the solar system. Symbol: ♂
(Roman god) The Roman god of war.
The Mars Bar, a brand of chocolate bar with caramel and nougat filling.

Marseillais more Marseillais most Marseillais adj
marseillais
of, from, or relating to Marseille

Marseillais Marseillais n
Marseillais
A native or inhabitant of Marseille in France.

Marseillaise /mɑː.seɪˈjɛz/ /mɑːɹseɪˈjɛz/ pn
Marseillaise
The French national anthem, La Marseillaise, with at least seven verses plus the chorus.

Marseille /mɑː(ɹ)ˈseɪ/ pn
Marseille
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Marseille soap Marseille soaps n
savon de Marseille
A kind of hard soap, made from vegetable oils.

Marshall Islands /ˈmaːʃəl ˈaɪləndz/ /ˈmɑɹ.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈmɑː.ʃəl ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
îles Marshall Îles Marshall
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Marshallese pn
marshallais
The Austronesian language of the Marshall Islands.

Martha /ˈmɑɹθə/ /ˈmɑːθə/ pn
Marthe
A en given name of biblical origin.
The sister of Lazarus and Mary in the New Testament.

Martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ pn
Martial
A en given name, narrowly applied to certain historic persons (but some of its foreign cognates are modern given names).

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ adj
martien martienne
Of or relating to the planet Mars, or (science fiction) its imagined inhabitants. [from 19th c.]

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ Martians n
Martien Martienne martien martienne
(astrology) A person under the astrological influence of the planet Mars.
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mars.

Martian /ˈmɑɹʃən/ /ˈmɑːʃən/ pn
martien
(science fiction) A hypothetical language spoken on Mars.

Martin /ˈmɑɹ.tn̩/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ Martins pn
Martin
A en given name originally given in honor of a fourth century soldier-saint.

Martina /mɑɹˈtinə/ pn
Martine Martina
A en given name.

Martinican more Martinican most Martinican adj
martiniquais
Of, from, or pertaining to Martinique, the Martinican people or the Martinican language.

Martinican Martinicans n
martiniquais martiniquaise
A person from Martinique or of Martinican descent.

Martinique /ˌmɑː(ɹ)tɪˈniːk/ pn
Martinique
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Marvelophile Marvelophiles n
marvelophile
A fan of Marvel Comics.

Marx pn
Marx
A surname from German

Marxian more Marxian most Marxian adj
marxien marxiste
Of, pertaining to, or influenced by the 19th-century philosopher Karl Marx and his political and economic theories; now often distinguished from Marxist by the nuance that one does not necessarily adhere to Marxism itself. [from 19th c.]

Marxism Marxisms n
marxisme
The socialist and communist philosophy and political program founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
The socialist and communist theory of the followers of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels; a radical, revolutionary political philosophy that aims to capture state power, introduce a dictatorship of the proletariat, and then progress to communism.

Marxism-Leninism pn
marxisme-léninisme
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted as the ideological foundation of the Communist International during Stalin's era, and was later adopted by the People's Republic of China, Cuba, Vietnam, and several other nations.

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism pn
marxisme-léninisme-maoïsme
(politics, communism) A communist ideological stream which seeks to synthesize Marxism-Leninism and Maoism and which proponents believe is the highest stage of Marxism. It was systematized by the Communist Party of Peru (Shining Path) and developed by the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement and its adherent parties.

Marxist /ˈmɑːksɪst/ /ˈmɑːɹksɪst/ adj
marxiste
Following the ideals of Marxism.

Marxist /ˈmɑːksɪst/ /ˈmɑːɹksɪst/ Marxists n
Marxiste marxiste
One that believes in or follows the ideals of Marxism.

Marxist-Leninist more Marxist-Leninist most Marxist-Leninist adj
marxiste-léniniste
Of or pertaining to Marxism-Leninism.

Marxist-Leninist Marxist-Leninists Marxists-Leninists n
marxiste-léniniste
An adherent of Marxism-Leninism.

Marxologist Marxologists n
marxologue

Mary /ˈmeː.ɹi/ /ˈmɛə.ɹi/ /ˈmɛɚ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ Maries Marys pn
Marie
Mary of Bethany, the sister of Lazarus and Martha.
(Islam) The 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an, recounting the events leading up to the birth of Jesus.
(Ireland, dated) A male middle name, given in honour of the Virgin Mary.

Mary Jane Mary Janes n
Marie-Jeanne
(slang) Marijuana.
baby
A type of shoe, usually for a girl, having a rounded toe and a strap with a buckle.

Mary Jane pn
Marie-Jeanne
A en given name.

Mary Magdalene pn
Marie-Madeleine
(biblical character) A female disciple of Jesus.

Maryland /ˈmæɹɪlənd/ /ˈmɛəɹɪlənd/ /ˈmɛɹələn/ /ˈmɛɹɪlənd/ pn
Maryland
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, roughly matching the present state.

Mascara pn
Mascara
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Mascarene Islands pn
Mascareignes
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Mashhad pn
Machhad
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Mason jar Mason jars n
pot Mason
(North American) A glass jar with a screw top, often used for preserving food.

Masovia /məˈzoʊ.vi.ə/ pn
Mazovie Masovie
(historical) A historic and geographical region of Poland, situated in the east of the country.

Masovian Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Mazovie
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Mass /ˈmæs/ Masses n
messe
(Roman Catholic Church) The principal liturgical service of the Church, encompassing both a scripture service (Liturgy of the Word) and a eucharistic service (Liturgy of the Eucharist), which includes the consecration and oblation (offering) of the host and wine.

Massa Carrara pn
Massa e Carrara
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Massachusetts /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːzɪts/ /ˌmæsəˈt͡ʃuːsɪts/ pn
Massachusetts
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Massacre of the Innocents pn
massacre des Innocents
(Christianity) The incident in the nativity narrative of the Gospel of Matthew (2:16–18) in which Herod the Great, king of Judea, orders the execution of all male children two years old and under in the vicinity of Bethlehem.

Massawa pn
Massaoua
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Masse Masses pn
Masse Massé

Massif Central pn
Massif central
An elevated area of south-central France.

Master of Arts Masters of Arts n
maîtrise ès arts
A postgraduate degree usually in a non-science subject.
A person holding such a degree.

Masuria pn
Mazurie
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Mata Utu /ˌmɑːtə ˈuːtuː/ pn
Mata Utu Mata-Utu
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Matera pn
Matera
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Matilda /məˈtɪldə/ pn
Mathilde
A en given name.

Mato Grosso /-ˈɡɹɑ-/ /ˈmæt.oʊ ˈɡɹoʊ.soʊ/ /ˈmæt.u-/ /ˈmæt.ə-/ pn
Mato Grosso
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Mato Grosso do Sul /-də-/ /-ˈsʌl/ /-ˈɡɹɑ-/ /ˈmæt.oʊ ˈɡɹoʊ.soʊ doʊ ˈsul/ /ˈmæt.u-/ /ˈmæt.ə-/ pn
Mato Grosso du Sud
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Matsuyama pn
Matsuyama
A surname from Japanese.

Matterhorn pn
Cervin
An iconic pyramidal mountain on the border of Switzerland and Italy.

Matthew /-(j)ɪu̯/ /ˈmæθjuː/ Matthews pn
Matthieu Mathieu
A en given name of biblical origin.
(biblical) The Gospel of St. Matthew, the first book of the New Testament of the Bible. Traditionally the first of the four gospels, a book attributed to Matthew the Evangelist.

Matthias /məˈθaɪəs/ pn
Matthias
The Apostle chosen to replace Judas Iscariot. (biblical character)
A en given name, derived from the same source as Matthew.

Maud /mɔːd/ pn
Maud
A en given name.

Maundy Thursday pn
Jeudi saint
The Thursday before Easter, which commemorates the Last Supper.

Mauretania Caesariensis /ˌmɔɹɪˈteɪniə siˌzɑɹiˈɛnzɪs/ /ˌmɔːɹɪˈteɪnɪə sɪˌzɑːɹɪˈɛnsɪs/ pn
Maurétanie Césarienne
(history) A province of the Roman Empire, established in AD 42, occupying territory in northwestern Africa roughly corresponding to present-day northern Algeria, with its capital at Caesarēa.

Maurice /mɔˈɹis/ /məˈɹis/ /məˈɹiːs/ /ˈmɒɹɪs/ pn
Maurice
A en given name, equivalent to English Morris.

Mauricie pn
Mauricie

Mauritania /ˌmɒɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ /ˌmɔːɹɪˈteɪni.ə/ pn
Mauritanie
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Mauritanian more Mauritanian most Mauritanian adj
mauritanien
Of, from, or pertaining to Mauritania, the Mauritanian people or the Mauritanian language.

Mauritanian Mauritanians n
Mauritanien Mauritanienne
A person from Mauritania or of Mauritanian descent.

Mauritian adj
mauricien
Of, from, or pertaining to Mauritius, its people, or their language or culture.

Mauritian Mauritians n
Mauricien Mauricienne
A person from Mauritius or of Mauritian descent.

Mauritian Creole pn
créole mauricien
The creole language spoken in Mauritius, stemming from French, with some vocabulary from diverse sources such as English and Portuguese.

Mauritius /mɔːˈɹɪʃəs/ /məˈɹɪʃiəs/ /məˈɹɪʃəs/ pn
Maurice île Maurice
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A en given name, found e.g. in St. Mauritius.

Maurrassian more Maurrassian most Maurrassian adj
maurrassien
Of or relating to Charles Maurras (1868–1952), French writer, critic, and leader of Action Française, a political movement that was monarchist, anti-parliamentarist, and counter-revolutionary.

Mauser Mausers n
Mauser
Any of the firearms made or designed by the German company Mauser, notably automatic pistols and bolt action rifles.

Mawlid pn
Mawlid
An Islamic festival (mawlid) marking the birth of Muhammad.

Maximilian pn
Maximilien
A en given name, rare in English.

May /meɪ/ Mays pn
mai
The fifth month of the Gregorian calendar, following April and preceding June.

Maya /ˈmaɪə/ Maya Mayas n
Maya
A member or descendant of various peoples:
a flourishing Mesoamerican civilization that existed in and around Guatemala from the 3rd century to the 9th century.
a variety of Mesoamerican peoples with farming from around 1000 BC onward, who developed a large civilization from the 3rd century onward
various Mesoamerican peoples living in the Spanish Empire, and now parts of Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras
various Mesoamerican peoples that continued in competing civilizations from the 10th century onward until conquered by Spain

Mayan Riviera pn
Riviera Maya

Mayenne /maɪˈɛn/ pn
Mayenne
A tributary river of the Sarthe in northwest France.

Maykop /maɪˈkɒp/ pn
Maïkop
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Mayotte /maɪˈɒt/ pn
Mayotte
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Mazanderani more Mazanderani most Mazanderani adj
masanique
Of the Iranian region and province of Mazandaran, its people, or their language.

Mazingarbe pn
Mazingarbe
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Mazu pn
Mazu
A Chinese sea goddess, the deified form of Lin Moniang, a medieval Fujianese girl who became revered as a sea goddess and, since the Qing dynasty, especially in Taiwan, more generally as the primary goddess of Heaven.

Mazzinian adj
mazzinien

Mbappe Mbappes pn
Mbappé

McCarthyism pn
maccarthysme
The intense opposition to, and fear and suspicion of, Communism, particularly in the United States during the 1950s.

McDonald's McDonald's McDonald'ses pn
MacDo McDo McDonald's
A widespread chain of fast food restaurants.

McIntosh /ˈmækɪntɒʃ/ McIntoshes n
McIntosh
A cultivar of apple whose fruit has red and green skin, tart flavor and white flesh that ripens in late September.

McKinnon pn
McKinnon

McShit pn
McMerde
(vulgar, derogatory, informal) McDonald's (the fast food restaurant chain).

Meaco pn
Meaco
A late medieval name for Kyoto, a city of Japan.

Mecca /ˈmɛkə/ pn
La Mecque
(sometimes, _, proscribed) TemplateParserError:LuaError, the holiest place in Islam, location of the sacred Ka'ba, and to which Muslims are required to make a hajj at least once in their lifetime, if possible.

Meccan adj
mecquois mecquoise
Of, or from, Mecca

Mechelen /-ə/ /ˈmɛkələn/ /ˈmɛx-/ pn
Malines
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Mecklenburg Mecklenburgs pn
Mecklembourg
(uncountable) An area in Baltic northern Germany.
(countable) A surname from German.

Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania pn
Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Occidentale Mecklembourg-Poméranie-Antérieure
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Medan pn
Medan
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Medea /məˈdiːə/ /mɪˈdiːə/ pn
Médée
(Greek mythology) An enchantress who helped Jason obtain the Golden Fleece.

Media /ˈmiːdɪə/ pn
Médie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, originally inhabited by the Medes
(historical) The territories corresponding to the empire ruled by dynasts from Media.

MediaWiki /ˈmiːdi.əˌwɪki/ pn
MediaWiki

Medici collar Medici collars n
collet monté
A fan-shaped (especially lace) collar, standing upright behind the head and sloping down to meet a square neckline in front.

Medicine Hat pn
Medicine Hat
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Medieval Greek pn
grec médiéval
Collectively, the continuum of forms of the Greek language as written and spoken during medieval times, preceded by Hellenistic Koine Greek and succeeded by Modern Greek

Medieval Latin pn
latin médiéval
The Latin language as spoken and written during the Middle Ages, before it was developed by the Italian humanists into Renaissance Latin.

Mediterranean /ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/ [mɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnjən] [mɛɾəɾəˈɹeɪnɪən] more Mediterranean most Mediterranean adj
méditerranéen
Of or pertaining to the Mediterranean Sea and the region around it.

Mediterranean /ˌmɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnɪən/ [mɛdɪtəˈɹeɪnjən] [mɛɾəɾəˈɹeɪnɪən] pn
Bassin méditerranéen Monde méditerranéen
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Mediterranean Sea /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/ pn
mer Méditerranée Méditerranée
The sea between Europe and Africa.

Mediterranean flour moth Mediterranean flour moths n
papillon gris de la farine
Any of species Ephestia kuehniella of moths that feeds on grain.

Mediterranean gull Mediterranean gulls n
mouette mélanocéphale
Ichthyaetus melanocephalus, a small gull of the Western Palearctic.

Medusa /məˈduːsə/ /mɪˈdjuːsə/ /mɪˈdjuːzə/ pn
Méduse
(Greek mythology) The youngest and only mortal of the three gorgon sisters, killed by Perseus.

Medyka pn
Medyka
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Megaera pn
Mégère
(Greek god) One of the Furies, Erinyes in Greek mythology, the cause of jealousy and envy, who punishes people who commit crimes, especially marital infidelity.

Megalesian /ˌmɛɡəˈliːziən/ /ˌmɛɡəˈliːʒən/ adj
mégalésien
Pertaining to, or in honour of, Cybele.

Megam pn
megam
A Sino-Tibetan language spoken in the Kalmakanda subdistrict, Netrokona district, Dhaka division, Bangladesh.

Megan /ˈmeɪɡən/ /ˈmiːɡɘn/ /ˈmiːɡən/ /ˈmɛɡən/ pn
Mégane
A en given name, diminutive of Margaret.

Meganticois adj
Méganticois méganticois
pertaining to Lac-Megantic, Quebec

Megaric adj
mégarique
Of, from, or pertaining to, Megara

Megleno-Romanian pn
mégléno-roumain
An endangered Eastern Romance language spoken in northern Greece, North Macedonia and parts of Romania, and related to Romanian, Aromanian and Istro-Romanian.

Meknes pn
Meknès
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Mekong /mɛˈkɔːŋ/ /ˈmikɔŋ/ pn
Mékong
TemplateParserError:LuaError that flows about 4,183 km (2,600 miles) from Tibet to the South China Sea in Vietnam.

Melanesia /ˌmɛl.əˈni.ʒə/ /ˌmɛl.əˈniː.zi.ə/ pn
Mélanésie
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Melanesian adj
mélanésien
Of or relating to Melanesia.

Melanesian Melanesians n
Mélanésien Mélanésienne
A Melanesian person.

Melania pn
Mélanie
A en given name

Melanie pn
Mélanie
A en given name.

Melbourne /ˈmelbn̩/ /ˈmælbn̩/ /ˈmɛl.bɔːn/ /ˈmɛl.bən/ /ˈmɛl.bɚn/ pn
Melbourne
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Melchior /ˈmɛl.ki.ɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Melchior
One of the Magi according to medieval Christian legend.
(rather rare) A en given name.

Melchizedek /mɛlˈkɪzədɛk/ pn
Melchisédech Melchisédek Melkisédeq
A king and priest mentioned in the book of Genesis; contemporary of Abraham.

Meletius pn
Mélèce

Melissa /məˈlɪsə/ pn
Mélissa
A en given name. Popular in the latter half of the 20th century.

Melitopol pn
Melitopol
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Melk pn
Melk
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Melkite /ˈmɛlkaɪt/ /ˈmɛlkʌɪt/ Melkites n
melchite melkite
(historical) In 5th-century Syria and Egypt, a sobriquet applied to Chalcedonians by their opponents, denoting the Chalcedonians' fidelity to the Byzantine emperor.
(since the Great Schism) A member of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria, the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch or the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem; ellipsis of Orthodox Melkite.
(since 1724) A member of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church; ellipsis of Catholic Melkite.

Melody pn
Mélodie
A en given name.

Member of Parliament Members of Parliament n
parlementaire Député membre du Parlement
(UK, Canada, Australia, NZ) A representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a house of a parliament.

Memnon pn
Memnon
(Greek mythology) An Ethiopian king and son of Tithonus and Eos. Considered a great warrior, he fought on the side of Troy and was killed by Achilles.

Memphis /ˈmɛmfɪs/ pn
Memphis
The name of several towns or cities in the US.

Menard Menards pn
Ménard
A surname from French.

Mencius pn
Mencius
Chinese philosopher, follower of Confucius (?372 - 289 B.C.E., or 385 - 303/302 B.C.E.)

Mende /ˈmɛndi/ pn
mendé
The language of the Mende people.

Mendelian adj
mendélien
(genetics) Of or relating to Gregor Mendel or his theories of genetics

Mendelssohnian more Mendelssohnian most Mendelssohnian adj
mendelssohnien
Relating to, or in the style of, Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847), noted early Romantic composer.

Menelaus /ˌmɛn.ɪˈleɪ.əs/ pn
Ménélas
(Greek mythology) the king of Mycenaean Sparta, the husband of Helen of Troy, the brother of Agamemnon, the leader of the Spartan contingent of the Greek army during the Trojan War

Mennonite more Mennonite most Mennonite adj
mennonite
Of, pertaining to, or related to a Mennonite or Mennonites or to their movement and church(es).

Mennonite Mennonites n
mennoniste mennonite
A member of any of a group of Protestant churches or denominations in the Anabaptist tradition, practicing credobaptism and committed to nonresistance and nonviolence, many of whom may wear plain dress and shun modern technology.

Mennonitism n
mennonitisme
The beliefs and practices of Mennonites.

Menominee Menominee Menominees n
menominee
A member of a nation of Native Americans indigenous to what is now Wisconsin.

Menominee pn
menominee
Their language.

Mensa /ˈmɛnsə/ pn
Table
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, originally named after Table Mountain in South Africa. It lies between the constellations of Hydrus and Volans.

Menshevik /ˈmɛnʃəvɪk/ Mensheviki Mensheviks n
menchevik
(now, chiefly, historical) A member of the gradualist or moderate wing of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party during the years preceding the Russian Revolution, when they split with the Bolsheviks; or a member of a later independent moderate-Marxist party formed in 1917. [from 20th c.]

Mephistopheles /ˌmɛ.fɪˈstɒ.fɪ.liːz/ pn
Méphistophélès
The Devil to whom Faust sold his soul in the legend.

Merc /mɜːk/ /mɝk/ Mercs n
Merco

Mercedes /məˈseɪdiz/ /mɚˈseɪdiz/ Mercedes n
Mercedes
, a car manufactured by Mercedes-Benz.

Mercia /ˈmɜːsi.ə/ /ˈmɜːʃi.ə/ /ˈmɜːʃə/ /ˈmɝsi.ə/ /ˈmɝʃə/ pn
Mercie
(historical) One of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England.

Mercurian Mercurians n
Mercurien Mercurienne
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Mercury.

Mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ pn
Mercure
(astronomy) The planet in the solar system with the closest orbit to the Sun, named after the god; represented by ☿.
(Roman god) The Roman god associated with speed, sometimes used as a messenger, wearing winged sandals; the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes.

Merkel /ˈmeɹkəl/ /ˈmɛɹkəl/ /ˈmɜːkəl/ pn
Merkel
A surname from German.

Merlin /ˈmɜːlɪn/ /ˈmɝlɪn/ Merlins pn
Merlin
A wizard in the Arthurian legend.

Merlot /mɛɹˈloʊ/ /mɝˈloʊ/ Merlots n
merlot
A dark-blue variety of wine grape.

Meroitic adj
méroïtique
Describing the language once used in Meroë, or the script, related to hieroglyphs, in which it was written.

Merope pn
Mérope
(star) The least bright star in the cluster in Taurus known as the Pleiades.

Merovingian /ˌmɛɹ.əˈvɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ adj
mérovingien
Of or relating to this dynasty.

Merovingian /ˌmɛɹ.əˈvɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Merovingians n
Mérovingien
One of a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin) largely corresponding to ancient Gaul from the middle of the 5th century, and whose politics involved frequent civil warfare among branches of the family.

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
joyeux Noël et bonne année !
A traditional greeting for Christmas and the new year.

Mersa Matruh pn
Marsa Matrouh Marsa Matruh
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Mersch pn
Mersch
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Mesoamerica pn
Mésoamérique
A pre-Columbian cultural region extending from the southern part of Mexico to an area that comprises some parts of the countries of Central America

Mesoamerican more Mesoamerican most Mesoamerican adj
mésoaméricain mésoaméricaine
Of or pertaining to Mesoamerica.

Mesoamerican Mesoamericans n
Mésoaméricain Mésoaméricaine
A native or inhabitant of Mesoamerica.

Mesolithic n
mésolithique
Short for the Mesolithic period.

Mesopotamia /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪə/ pn
Mésopotamie
A region in Southwest Asia spanning from the rivers Euphrates and Tigris that is the site of one of the most ancient civilizations in the history of man.

Mesopotamian /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪən/ adj
mésopotamien
Of or pertaining to Mesopotamia.

Mesopotamian /mɛsəpəˈteɪmɪən/ Mesopotamians n
Mésopotamien Mésopotamienne
A person from Mesopotamia or of Mesopotamian origin.

Mesozoic more Mesozoic most Mesozoic adj
mésozoïque
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Phanerozoic eon that comprises the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods from about 230 to 65 million years ago, when life on earth was dominated by reptiles.

Mesozoic pn
Mésozoïque
(geology) The Mesozoic era.

Messiah pn
Messie
(Christianity) Jesus.

Messidor /ˈmɛsɪdɔː/ /ˌmɛsɪˈdɔɹ/ Messidors pn
messidor
(historical) The tenth month of the French Republican Calendar, from June 19 or 20 to July 18 or 19.

Messina /mɛˈsiːnə/ Messinas pn
Messine
A surname from Italian.

Messine /ˈmɛsaɪn/ more Messine most Messine adj
messin
Of or relating to the city of Metz

Messine /ˈmɛsaɪn/ Messines n
Messin Messine
A native or inhabitant of Metz

Messinian pn
Messinien

Messinian salinity crisis pn
crise de salinité messinienne
(geology) A geological event, characterised by the partial desiccation of the Mediterranean basin, which occurred throughout the latter part of the Messinian age of the Miocene epoch, from 5.96 to 5.33 million years ago, and finally ended with the Zanclean flood.

Messonnier Messonniers pn
Messonnier

Metairie /ˈmɛtəri/ [ˈmɛ.ɾə.ɹi] pn
Metairie Métairie
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Methodism Methodisms n
méthodisme
The Methodist Christian movement founded by John Wesley in 18th-century England.

Methodist /ˈmɛθədɪst/ more Methodist most Methodist adj
méthodiste
Of or pertaining to the branch of Christianity that descends from the religious societies overseen by John Wesley (1703–1791) among others.

Methodist /ˈmɛθədɪst/ Methodists n
méthodiste
A member of the Methodist Church; a Wesleyan.

Methodius pn
Méthode
A en given name, notably of the Byzantine Christian theologian and missionary.

Methuselah pn
Mathusalem
The oldest person whose age is recorded in the Hebrew Bible, having reportedly lived 969 years.

Metis /meɪˈtiː(s)/ Metis n
Métis

Metis /ˈmiːtɪs/ pn
Métis
(Greek god) A Titan who was the personification of wisdom, the first spouse of Zeus, and the mother of Athena
(astronomy) A satellite of Jupiter.

Metonic cycle Metonic cycles n
cycle métonique

Metro Manila pn
Métro du Manille
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Metz /mɛts/ pn
Metz
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A surname.

Metzian /ˈmɛtsi.ən/ /ˈmɛtsɪ.ən/ more Metzian most Metzian adj
messin
Of or pertaining to the city of Metz.

Metzian /ˈmɛtsi.ən/ /ˈmɛtsɪ.ən/ Metzians n
Messin Messine
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Metz.

Meurthe-et-Moselle pn
Meurthe-et-Moselle
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Meuse /mjuːz/ pn
Meuse
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Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ more Mexican most Mexican adj
mexicain mexicaine
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Mexico.

Mexican /ˈmɛksək(ə)n/ /ˈmɛksɪk(ə)n/ Mexicans n
Mexicain Mexicaine
An individual from the country of Mexico or of Mexican descent.

Mexican Plateau pn
plateau mexicain
A plateau in Mexico, lying between two mountain ranges: the Sierra Madre Oriental on its east, and the Sierra Madre Occidental on its west.

Mexican Spanish pn
espagnol mexicain
A set of variations of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada, where there are communities of Hispanic origin influenced by North American Spanish-speaking media.

Mexican chickadee Mexican chickadees n
mésange grise
Poecile sclateri, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Mexican duck Mexican ducks n
canard du Mexique
Anas diazi, a dabbling duck in the genus Anas which breeds in Mexico and the southern USA.

Mexican hairless /ˈmɛks.ɪ.kən ˈhɛə.ləs/ Mexican hairlesses n
xoloitzcuintle
A dog of a particular breed.

Mexican hand tree Mexican hand trees n
arbre à la main

Mexican jumping bean Mexican jumping beans n
pois sauteur
A type of seed of a shrub of the genus Sebastiania in which a larva has hatched from an egg laid there by a moth (Cydia deshaisiana, the movement of the larva causing the seed to move around.

Mexican marigold Mexican marigolds n
rose d'Inde
A wild flowering plant, Tagetes erecta, native to Mexico and Central America, with numerous small orangish petals.

Mexican wave Mexican waves n
hola ola
(UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ) A phenomenon that primarily occurs at sports events, where the members of the crowd stand up and/or raise their hands in turn, creating the illusion of a wave passing through the crowd.

Mexicanness n
mexicanité
The quality or characteristic of being Mexican.

Mexico /ˈmɛ.hi.koʊ/ /ˈmɛ.hi.kəʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ pn
Mexique
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Mexico City /ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ sɪɾi/ /ˈmɛk.sɪ.kəʊ sɪti/ pn
Mexico
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Meänkieli pn
finnois tornédalien meänkieli
A language spoken by some 40,000–70,000 people mainly in Northern Sweden. It is a variant of Finnish with a structure and grammar similar to Finnish, but the vocabulary considerably influenced by Swedish.

Mi'kmaq /ˈmɪkmæk/ /ˈmɪɡmɔː/ /ˈmɪɡəmɒk/ pn
micmac
The polysynthetic Eastern Algonquian language spoken by this people, closely related to Maliseet and Passamaquoddy.

Miami /maɪˈæmi/ /maɪˈæmə/ pn
Miami
an extinct indigenous people of Florida.
Ellipsis of Miami River.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, a river flowing past the city of Miami, Dade.

Micah /ˈmaɪkə/ Micahs pn
Michée
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh.
(especially) The minor prophet and author of the Book of Micah.
An Ephraimite featured in Judges 17–18 and protagonist of the Micah’s idol narrative. Also called Michas.
A en given name
A en given name.

Michael /ˈmaɪkəl/ [ˈmɐɪ.kɫ̩] Michaels pn
Michel
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) An archangel associated with defending the faithful in the tribulation.
Michel Michaël
A surname transferred from the given name.

Michaela /mɪˈkeɪ.lə/ pn
Michelle Michèle
A en given name.

Michelangelesque /ˌmaɪkəlænd͡ʒəˈlɛsk/ more Michelangelesque most Michelangelesque adj
michelangelesque michelangesque
Resembling or relating to the works of the artist Michelangelo (1475–1564).

Michelangelo /ˌmaɪkəlˈænd͡ʒəloʊ/ /ˌmaɪkəlˈænd͡ʒɪloʊ/ pn
Michel-Ange
A 15th- and 16th-century Italian artist, full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475–1564).

Michif pn
mitchif métchif
One of the languages of the Metis people, spoken mainly in Canada. They exist along a continuum with three main types:

Michigan /ˈmɪʃəɡɪn/ /ˈmɪʃɪɡən/ pn
Michigan
University of Michigan.

Mickey D's pn
MacDo

Mickey Mouse pn
Mickey Mouse
The most famous Disney cartoon character, an anthropomorphic mouse with a falsetto voice and a cheerful disposition.

Micro-Altaic pn
micro-altaïque
The Altaic language family, as distinguished from Macro-Altaic.

Micronesia /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.zi.ə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʃə/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈniː.ʒə/ /ˌmaɪkroʊˈniːʒə/ pn
Micronésie
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Micronesian adj
micronésien
Of, from or pertaining to Micronesia or the Micronesian people.

Micronesian Micronesians n
Micronésien Micronésienne
A person from Micronesia or of Micronesian descent.

Microscopium pn
Microscope
(constellation) A faint constellation of the southern spring sky, said to resemble a microscope. It lies south of the constellation of Capricornus.

Microsoftian more Microsoftian most Microsoftian adj
microsoftien
(informal) Of or relating to Microsoft, or its products.

Miculek /ˈmɪt͡ʃəlɛk/ Miculeks pn
Miculek

Mid-Autumn Festival Mid-Autumn Festivals n
fête de la lune fête de la mi-autone
(collective) The East Asian festivals originating, inspired, or co-opted from the Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival.

Midas /ˈmaɪ.dəs/ pn
Midas
(Greek mythology) A king who sought and was for a while granted the cherished but subtly dangerous magical power to turn anything he touched into gold.

Middelburg pn
Middelburg
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Middle Ages /ˌmɪdl̩ ˈeɪdʒɪz/ pn
Moyen Âge
(history) The period of primarily European history between the decline of the Western Roman Empire (antiquity) and the early modern period or the Renaissance; the time between c. 500 and 1500.

Middle Breton pn
breton moyen
Extinct European language of the Brittonic subgroup of families, spoken in Brittany, in the actual Western part of France between the 11th and the 16th century AD.

Middle Cornish pn
moyen cornique
The Celtic language spoken in Cornwall between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Middle Danish pn
moyen danois
The Danish language as spoken from the 12th to 15th centuries.

Middle Dutch pn
moyen néerlandais
Collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) which were spoken and written between 1150 and 1500 in the present-day Dutch-speaking area. There was at that time as yet no overarching standard language, but they were all mutually intelligible.

Middle East pn
Moyen-Orient
(geopolitics) The region comprising West Asia without the South Caucasus and additionally including all of Egypt (not just the Sinai) and all of Turkey (not just Asian Turkey).

Middle Easterner Middle Easterners n
Moyen-Oriental
Someone from the Middle East.

Middle English pn
moyen anglais
The ancient or older language of Modern English, spoken in England and parts of Scotland (where it became Lowland Scots) from about 1100 AD to 1500 AD. It developed from Anglo-Saxon, also called Old English, with heavy influence from French and Latin after the Norman invasion.

Middle French n
moyen français
A historical division of the French language, spoken roughly from 1340 to 1610, during which French became established as the official language of France.

Middle Frisian pn
moyen frison
Language descended from Old Frisian spoken on the North Sea coast of modern Netherlands and Germany from the 16th century until c. 1820.

Middle High German pn
moyen haut-allemand
An ancestor to the modern (High) German language, spoken from 1050 to about 1500. Some linguists prefer to use 1350 as the end of the Middle High German period, calling the period from 1350 to 1650 Early New High German in a broad sense.

Middle Irish pn
moyen irlandais
The Goidelic language spoken in Ireland, Scotland, and the Isle of Man from the 10th to the 12th century.

Middle Japanese pn
moyen japonais
The ancestor language of Japanese, spoken in the period c. 800–1600.

Middle Kingdom pn
Empire du Milieu
(literary) China.
Moyen Empire
(historical) Egypt from the time of its reunification under Mentuhotep II in the 11th Dynasty (ending the First Intermediate Period) to its disintegration during the 13th Dynasty and the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period.

Middle Korean pn
moyen coréen
The Korean language of the 10th (or 13th, depending on the analysis) century to 16th century, or from the era of Goryeo to the middle of Joseon, based on the dialect of Kaesong because the new Goryeo dynasty moved its capital city to northern area of Korean peninsula.

Middle Norwegian pn
moyen norvégien
The interim language in Norway between 1350 (the Black Plague) and 1525. An amalgam of Norwegian, Swedish and Danish, following Old Norwegian (Old Norse).

Middle Persian pn
moyen perse
The ancestor of New Persian spoken from around 300 BC till about 800 AD, evolving from Old Persian.

Middle Welsh pn
moyen gallois
The Welsh language as spoken from the 12th to the 14th century.

Middle-earth pn
Terre du Milieu
(fiction) The main setting of J. R. R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings and other works.

Midi-Pyrénées pn
Midi-Pyrénées
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Midway Islands pn
îles Midway
A small group of islands in the central Pacific; a US territory.

Midwest pn
mi-ouest
(with "the") The area of the contiguous United States contained in the central third of the country, especially the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, and Kansas, sometimes inclusive of Missouri and Kentucky.

Miglos pn
Miglos
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Mijanès pn
Mijanès
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Mikhailov Mikhailovs pn
Mikhaïlov

Mila pn
Mila
The capital city of Mila Province, located in northeastern Algeria.

Milan /məˈlæn/ /məˈlɑn/ /mɪˈlæn/ /mɪˈlɑːn/ /mᵻˈlan/ /ˈmaɪlən/ /ˈmaɪlɪn/ pn
Milan
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Ellipsis of AC Milan, the Italian city's football club/soccer team.

Milanese adj
milanais
From, or pertaining to, Milan.

Milanese Milanese Milaneses n
Milanais Milanaise
A native or inhabitant of Milan.

Mileikowsky pn
Meleikowsky
A transliteration of the Russian surname Миле́йковский (Miléjkovskij).

Miletus /maɪˈliːtəs/ pn
Milet
ancient Greek city on the west coast of Caria, Anatolia

Milky Way pn
Voie lactée Voie Lactée
(galaxy) The Milky Way Galaxy, the galaxy in which Earth is located; extension of the night sky phenomenon.
voie lactée
(astronomy) A broad band of diffuse white light, visible in the night sky; our view of the dense portions of the Milky Way Galaxy from inside the galaxy. [from late 14th c.]

Miller /ˈmɪlɚ/ Millers pn
Meunier Dumoulin Moulin
(countable) An English and Scottish surname originating as an occupation for a miller.

Milnrow pn
Milnrow

Milton /ˈmɪltən/ pn
Milton
A habitational surname from Old English, from the multiple places in Britain named "Milton".

Mimas /ˈmaɪməs/ pn
Mimas
(Greek mythology) A son of Gaia; one of the Gigantes.

Min Bei pn
minbei
A variety of Min Chinese, spoken in northern Fujian, represented by the Jian'ou dialect.

Min Nan pn
Minnan
A group of local languages/dialects which can trace their origins to southern Fujian province, China. In common parlance, Southern Min usually refers to Hokkien, which includes Amoy dialect, Taiwanese Hokkien and other varieties in Southeast Asia. It belongs to the Min dialect group of the Sinitic branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

Minas Gerais pn
Minas Gerais
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Minecraft /maɪn.kɹæft/ /maɪn.kɹɐːft/ /maɪn.kɹɑːft/ [ˈmaɪ̯ŋ.kɹæft] pn
Minecraft minecraft
(video games) A sandbox video game (released 2011) in which players explore a three-dimensional world made of blocks and can craft items and build structures.

Minecrafter /ˈmaɪnkɹɑːftə/ /ˈmaɪnˌkɹæftɚ/ Minecrafters n
Minecrafteur Minecrafteuse
(video games) A person who plays the game Minecraft.

Minerva /mɪˈnɜː.və/ /mɪˈnɝ.və/ Minervas pn
Minerve
(Roman god) The goddess of wisdom, especially strategic warfare, and the arts, especially crafts and in particular weaving. She is the Roman counterpart of Athena.

Miniature Pinscher Miniature Pinschers n
pinscher nain
A small breed of pinscher bred in Germany to hunt small vermin, especially rats.

Minnesota /ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə/ [ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊɾə] pn
Minnesota
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities.

Minnesotan /ˌmɪnəˈsoʊtən/ [ˌmɪnəˈso(ʊ)ʔn̩] Minnesotans n
habitant
A native or resident of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America.

Minnie /ˈmɪni/ Minnies pn
Minnie
A diminutive of the female names Wilhelmina, Minerva, Mary, Mina and Mamie. Popular as a formal female given name in the 19th century.

Minoan /mɪˈnəʊən/ adj
minoen
Of or relating to the civilization that developed in Crete from the neolithic period to the Bronze Age (about 3000-1050 B.C.E.).

Minoan /mɪˈnəʊən/ Minoans n
Minoen Minoenne
A person who belonged to the Minoan civilization.

Minorca /mɪˈnɔː(ɹ)kə/ pn
Minorque
A breed of poultry.

Minorcan adj
minorquin
Of or relating to Minorca or its inhabitants.

Minorcan Minorcans n
minorquin
An inhabitant of Minorca.

Minsk /mɪnsk/ pn
Minsk
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Minsker Minskers n
Minskois Minskoise
A resident of Minsk.

Miocene /ˈmaɪəsiːn/ pn
Miocène
(geology) The Miocene epoch.

Miquelonnais Miquelonnais n
Miquelonnais Miquelonnaise
A person from the island of Miquelon.

Mira pn
Mira
(star) A binary star in the constellation Cetus, Omicron (ο) Ceti. The system contains a variable red giant and a white dwarf. Its brightness varies from a magnitude 2 at its brightest to a magnitude 10 at its dimmest.

Miranda /mɪˈɹændə/ pn
Miranda
One of the moons of Uranus.

Mirandese pn
mirandais
An endangered Romance language spoken in the northeastern corner of Portugal, principally in the municipalities of Miranda do Douro and Vimioso.

Mirepoix pn
Mirepoix
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Miriam /ˈmɪɹɪəm/ pn
Miryam
The sister of Moses and Aaron and the daughter of Amram and Jochebed.
Myriam
A en given name.

Miss /mɪs/ /ˈmɪz/ Misses Mlles n
mademoiselle madame
Form of address, now used chiefly for an unmarried woman; used chiefly of girls before the mid-1700s, and thereafter used also of adult women without regard to marital status.
Form of address for a teacher or a waitress.

Mission pn
Mission
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Mississauga /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɑ.ɡə/ /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɔː.ɡə/ pn
Mississauga
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Mississippi /ˌmɪ.sɪˈsɪ.pi/ pn
Mississippi
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Mississippi mud pie Mississippi mud pies n
Mississippi mud pie tarte à la boue du Mississippi
A dessert pie with gooey chocolate sauce on a crumbly chocolate crust.

Missouri /mə-/ /mɪˈzɔːɹi/ /mɪˈzɝ.i/ /mɪˈzɝ.ə/ /mɪˈzʊəɹi/ /mɪˈzʊɹ.i/ pn
Missouri
An indigenous Siouan tribe that originally lived in the Great Lakes region of United States.

Missus Missuses n
Madame
(informal) Mrs, a form of address for a married woman.

Mistralian more Mistralian most Mistralian adj
mistralien
(linguistics) Of or relating to the Mistralian norm

Mistralian norm pn
norme mistralienne
(linguistics) An orthographic and oral norm for the Occitan language.

Mithraic adj
mithraïque
Of or relating to Mithraism.

Mithraism pn
mithraïsme
An astrology-based, middle-platonic mystery religion of the 1st-4th century Roman Empire that claimed to have been founded by Zoroaster, admitted only men, and was especially popular among the Roman military.

Mithridates pn
Mithridate
(historical) a male given name popularized in Achaemenid and post-Achaemenid Persia

Miyako pn
miyako
The Miyako language of the island, one of several Ryūkyūan languages.

Mizar pn
Mizar
(star) A binary star in the constellation Ursa Major; Zeta (ζ) Ursae Majoris.

Mizo /ˈmɪzoʊ/ pn
Mizo
A language spoken in India, especially Mizoram, and adjoining parts of Bangladesh and Myanmar.

Mjollnir /ˈmjɒlnɪə/ /ˈmjɔlnɪɹ/ pn
Mjollnir Mjolnir
(Norse mythology) The hammer of the Norse god Thor.

Mnemosyne /nɪˈmɒ.sɪ.ni/ /nɪˈmɒ.zɪ.ni/ pn
Mnémosyne
(Greek god) A Titaness and the personification of thought, intellect and memory. She is the daughter of Gaia and Uranus, and the mother of the Muses by Zeus.

Mocha pn
Moka
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A en given name.
A surname.

Modena /ˈmoʊdɪnə/ /ˈmɒdɪnə/ pn
Modène
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Modenese more Modenese most Modenese adj
modénois
Of or relating to Modena or its inhabitants.

Modenese Modenese n
Modénois modénois
(uncountable) A dialect of Emilian spoken in the province of Modena.

Modern Danish pn
danois moderne
The Danish language as spoken from the 16th century to the present.

Modern Greek pn
grec moderne néo-grec
The Greek language as spoken by the Greek people since the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was written using polytonic script until 1982, when this was officially dropped in favour of monotonic.

Modern Monetary Theory pn
Théorie monétaire moderne
A heterodox economic school of thought that posits that fiscal policy, set to constrain inflation and enable full employment, should be the primary economic stabiliser and prioritises reflection on the nature of money from a chartalist perspective.

Modern Standard Arabic pn
arabe standard moderne fous-ha
The standard and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in formal speech in the Arab world since c. the 19th century.

Modis pn
Modis
A surname from Greek.

Moebius syndrome n
syndrome de Moebius syndrome de Möbius
(neurology) A rare congenital disorder characterized by facial paralysis and an inability to move one's eyes from side to side.

Moenkopi pn
Moenkopi
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Moesia /miːʃi.ə/ /ˈmiːsi.ə/ /ˈmiːʒə/ pn
Mésie
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Mogadishu /-ˈdɪʃ-/ /ˌmoʊ.ɡəˈdi.ʃu/ /ˌmɒɡəˈdiːʃuː/ pn
Mogadiscio
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Moghul Moghuls n
Moghol moghol

Mogilev pn
Moguilev
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Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ adj
mahométan
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim, Islamic.

Mohammedan /-n̩/ /moʊˈhæm.ə.dən/ /məˈhæm.ɪ.dən/ Mohammedans n
mahométan
(now, largely, _, obsolete, and, offensive) Muslim.

Mohawk /ˈmoʊhɔːk/ Mohawk Mohawks n
crête iroquoise
A hairstyle where both sides are shaved, with the hair along the crest of the head kept long, and usually styled so as to stand straight up.

Mohism /ˈməʊɪzəm/ n
mohisme moïsme
(Chinese philosophy) The doctrines of Mozi and his followers, especially the concept of universal love.

Moira /ˈmɔɪɹə/ Moirai pn
Moire
(Greek god) The personification of fate, especially as Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos.

Moksha pn
mokcha
A language of the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family, spoken by about 428,000 people in the western and southern parts of Mordovia, a dependent republic within Russia, and the adjacent regions of Tambov, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Tatarstan, Buguruslan and Bashkortostan.

Moldova /mɑlˈdoʊ.və/ /mɒlˈdəʊ.və/ /mɔlˈdoʊ.və/ /ˈmɒl.də.və/ pn
Moldavie Moldova
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Moldovan adj
moldave
Relating to the country of Moldova.
Relating to the Moldovan language.

Moldovan Moldovans n
Moldave
An inhabitant of the Republic of Moldova.

Moldovan pn
moldave
The dialect of Romanian spoken in the Republic of Moldova, which may be written in either the Cyrillic or the Roman alphabet.

Molenbeek pn
Molenbeek
Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, one of 19 municipalities in the Brussels-Capital Region, Belgium.

Molieresque more Molieresque most Molieresque adj
moliéresque
Reminiscent of Molière (Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, 1622–1673), French playwright and actor.

Molise /mɔˈli.zeɪ/ pn
Molise
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Molotov pn
Molotov
A transliteration of the Russian surname Молотов (Molotov)

Molotov cocktail /ˈmɒ.ləˌtɒf ˈkɒk.teɪl/ /ˈmɔ.ləˌtɔv ˈkɔk.teɪl/ Molotov cocktails n
cocktail Molotov
A crude incendiary bomb made from a glass bottle, either filled with a flammable liquid such as petroleum and supplied with a rag for a fuse that is lit just before being hurled, or filled with such a mix of flammable liquids that it ignites itself when it is smashed and its contents are exposed to air.

Moltoni's warbler Moltoni's warblers n
fauvette de Moltoni
Sylvia subalpina, an Old World warbler.

Moluccas /məˈlʌkəz/ pn
Moluques
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Momus pn
Momus Momos
(Greek mythology) The personification of satire and mockery.

Mon Mons n
lun.
Monday

Mona Lisa /ˌmoʊnə ˈlisə/ /ˌməʊnə ˈliːzə/ Mona Lisas pn
Joconde
A painting by Leonardo da Vinci, widely considered as the most famous painting in history.

Monaco /mɒˈnɑː.kəʊ/ /ˈmɑ.nə.koʊ/ /ˈmɒ.nə.kəʊ/ pn
Monaco
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Monastir pn
Bitola
(historical) Bitola in North Macedonia.

Monastyryska pn
Monastyryska
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Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ adv
lundi
(US, Canada) on Monday

Monday /ˈmʌn.deɪ/ /ˈmʌn.di/ Mondays n
lundi
The second day of the week in many religious traditions, and the first day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm. It follows Sunday and precedes Tuesday.

Monday-morning quarterback Monday-morning quarterbacks n
inspecteur des travaux finis

Monflanquin pn
Monflanquin
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Mongolia /mɑːŋˈɡoʊli.ə/ /mɒŋˈɡəʊli.ə/ pn
Mongolie
Region in East Asia, including Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia, sometimes also including Buryatia, Tuva, Altay.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ more Mongolian most Mongolian adj
mongol
Of or relating to Mongolia or its peoples, languages, or cultures.

Mongolian /mɒŋˈɡoʊliən/ Mongolians n
Mongole Mongol
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Mongolia.
mongol
(uncountable) A group of languages from Mongolia, specifically Khalkha, the official language of Mongolia.
A person of the mongoloid physical type.

Mongolian spot Mongolian spots n
tache bleue mongolique tache mongolique tache mongoloïde tache pigmentaire congénitale
A benign, flat, congenital, usually blue to blue-black birthmark on the lower back with wavy borders and irregular shape, prevalent among East Asians, South-East Asians, Polynesians, Native Americans, East Africans, and the Turkish people. It normally disappears three to five years after birth and almost always by puberty.

Monic adj
mônique môniques

Monica /ˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.kə/ pn
Monique
A en given name.

Monoceros pn
Licorne
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a unicorn. It lies amid the Milky Way, just east of the constellation Orion.

Monophysite /məˈnɒfɪsaɪt/ Monophysites n
monophysite
(Christianity) A member of a Christian sect which held that Jesus Christ has one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian view that Christ has two natures, both fully man and fully God, and is co-eternal and co-substantial with the Father.

Monopoly pn
Monopoly
(games, board games) A board game in which players use play money to buy and trade properties, with the objective of forcing opponents into bankruptcy.

Monopoly money n
billet de Monopoly
(slang, often, derogatory) Banknotes of foreign currency; especially those which are vibrant or flimsy.

Monrovia /mənˈroʊviə/ pn
Monrovia
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Several places in the United States:
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Mons pn
Mons
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Monschau pn
Montjoie
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Monsignor /mɑnˈsiː.njɚ/ /mɒn.siːˈnjɔː/ /mɒnˈsiː.njə/ Monsignori Monsignors n
Monseigneur
(Roman Catholic) An ecclesiastic title bestowed on some Roman Catholic clerics by the Pope

Mont Blanc /-ˈblɑŋk/ /ˌmɑn-/ /ˌmɒ̃ ˈblɒ̃(k)/ /ˌmɔn ˈblɑnk/ pn
Mont-Blanc mont Blanc
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Montagnais pn
montagnais
An Algonquian language spoken by approximately 11,000 people in Eastern Canada.

Montagu's harrier Montagu's harriers n
busard cendré
A migratory bird of prey of the harrier family, Circus pygargus.

Montaigne Montaignes pn
Montaigne

Montaillou pn
Montaillou
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Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ Montanas pn
Montana
A en given name, specifically from the name of the U.S. state.

Montanism /ˈmɒntənɪz(ə)m/ n
montanisme
(Christianity) The doctrines of a heretical sect of the second to fifth centuries in Asia Minor, who held millenarian beliefs.

Montanist Montanists n
montaniste
A follower of Montanism.

Monte Carlo pn
Monte-Carlo
A part of Monaco famous for its casinos.

Montecristo pn
Montecristo

Montego Bay /mɔnˈti.ɡoʊ beɪ/ pn
Montego Bay
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Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ more Montenegrin most Montenegrin adj
monténégrin
relating to Montenegro (country)
relating to Montenegrins (ethnic group)

Montenegrin /-ˈneɪɡɹɪn/ /ˌmɒntɪˈniːɡɹɪn/ Montenegrins n
Monténégrin Monténégrine
(countable) a person from Montenegro (country)
monténégrin
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken in Montenegro.

Montenegro /mɒn.tɪˈneɪ.ɡɹəʊ/ /mɒn.tɪˈnɛɡ.ɹəʊ/ /ˌmɑn.təˈneɪ.ɡɹoʊ/ /ˌmɑn.tɪˈni.ɡɹoʊ/ Montenegroes pn
Monténégro
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Monterey cypress Monterey cypresses n
cyprès de Lambert cyprès de Monterey
A cypress native to California, Cupressus macrocarpa.

Monterey pine Monterey pines n
pin de Monterey
A pine, Pinus radiata, native to California and notable worldwide for its rapid growth.

Montevideo /ˌmɒntɪvɪˈdeɪəʊ/ /ˌmɒntɪˈvɪdiəʊ/ pn
Montevideo
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Montferrat /ˌmɑntfəˈɹɑt/ /ˌmɒntfəˈɹat/ pn
Montferrat
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Montgolfier Montgolfiers n
ballon montgolfière montgolfière
(dated) Ellipsis of Montgolfier balloon.

Montgolfier Montgolfiers pn
Montgolfier
A surname from French.

Montgolfier balloon Montgolfier balloons n
ballon de montgolfière ballon montgolfière montgolfière
The most common type of hot-air balloon, a balloon lifted by only heated air with onboard burners, and a usually-manned platform at the base.

Montlhéry pn
Montlhéry
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Montmartre pn
Montmartre

Montmartrois adj
montmartrois

Montmartrois Montmartrois n
Montmartrois Montmartroise

Montparnasse pn
Montparnasse

Montpellier /mɒnˈpɛlieɪ/ /mɒnˌpɛliˈeɪ/ pn
Montpellier
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Montpellier maple Montpellier maples n
érable de Montpellier
A low tree or shrub (Acer monspessulanum) native to France, Spain, and Italy

Montreal /ˌmɑntɹiˈɔl/ /ˌmɒntɹiˈɔːl/ /ˌmɔ̃ɹeɪˈæl/ /ˌmʌntɹiːˈɒl/ pn
Montréal
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Ellipsis of Montreal Archipelago.; TemplateParserError:LuaError, which contains the island.
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Montreal melon Montreal melons n
melon de Montréal
a type of muskmelon originating from Montreal

Montreal steak spice Montreal steak spices n
assaisonnement à bifteck de Montreal assaisonnement à steak de Montréal épices à bifteck de Montreal épices à steak de Montréal

Montrealer Montrealers n
Montréalais Montréalaise
A native or inhabitant of the city of Montreal.

Montreux /mɒ̃ˈtɹoʊ/ /mɒ̃ˈtɹɜː/ /ˌmɑnˈtɹoʊ/ /ˌmɒntɹəʊ/ pn
Montreux
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Montserrat /mɒn(t)səˈɹæt/ /mɒn(t)səˈɹɒt/ pn
Montserrat
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Montserratian Montserratians n
Montserratien Montserratienne
A person from Montserrat or of Montserratian descent.

Monégasque /ˈmɒ.nə.ɡask/ /ˌmɒ.nɪˈɡask/ adj
monégasque
Of or relating to Monaco or its inhabitants.

Monégasque /ˈmɒ.nə.ɡask/ /ˌmɒ.nɪˈɡask/ Monégasques n
Monégasque
A native or inhabitant of Monaco.

Moon pn
Lune lune
The Earth's moon; the sole natural satellite of the Earth, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☾.

Moor /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʊə/ /mʊɹ/ Moors n
Maure
(historical) A member of an Islamic people of Arab or Berber origin ruling Spain and parts of North Africa from the 8th to the 15th centuries.

Moore's law pn
loi de Moore
(computing) An empirical observation that the density of transistors on a chip doubles every two years.

Moorish /ˈmɔɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈmɔː.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊə.ɹɪʃ/ /ˈmʊɹ.ɪʃ/ more Moorish most Moorish adj
mauresque
Of or pertaining to the Moors or their culture.
(architecture) Of or pertaining to a style of Spanish and Portuguese architecture from the time of the Moors, characterized by the horseshoe arch and ornate, geometric decoration.

Moorish idol Moorish idols n
idole des Maures idole mauresque
A fish of the species Zanclus cornutus, a colorful marine tropical fish often kept in aquaria.

Moose Jaw pn
Moose Jaw
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Mopsuestia pn
Mopsuestie
an ancient city in Cilicia on the Pyramus River (now Ceyhan River) located east of ancient Antiochia in Cilicia (present-day Adana, southern Turkey)

Moravia /mɔˈɹeɪvi.ə/ /məˈɹeɪvi.ə/ pn
Moravie
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Moravian more Moravian most Moravian adj
morave
Of, or pertaining to, Moravia or its people or culture.
Of, or pertaining to, the Moravian Church or its members.
Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Czech Republic, Europe.
Pertaining to, or bordering on, the Morava river in Serbia, Europe.

Moravian Moravians n
Morave
(historical) A person from Moravia.
frère morave
A member of the Moravian Church.

Morbihan /ˈmɔː(ɹ)bi.ən/ /ˈmɔː(ɹ)biˌɒ̃n/ pn
Morbihan
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Mordecai /ˈmɔː(ɹ)dəkaɪ̯/ pn
Mardochée
(Biblical character) One of the main personalities in the Book of Esther. He adopted and raised his cousin Esther and foiled a plot to assassinate the king.

Mordovia pn
Mordovie
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Mordred /ˈmɔɹdɹɪd/ /ˈmɔːdɹɪd/ pn
Mordred
(mythology) The illegitimate son of King Arthur, who ultimately killed him in battle.

More /mɔːˈreɪ/ pn
mooré moré
The Volta-Congo language of the Mossi people, mainly spoken in part of Burkina Faso.

Morea pn
Morée
(archaic) Synonym of Peloponnese, TemplateParserError:LuaError, particularly (historical) under Turkish rule.

Moresnet /ˌmɔɹəsˈnɛt/ pn
Moresnet
A small European state, in present-day Belgium, that existed from 1816 to 1930.

Morgan /ˈmɔɹɡən/ Morgans pn
Morgane
(countable) A en given name
A en or female given name, possibly from (Welsh môr) or (Old Welsh maur) + (Welsh cant), meaning “great chief” or “sea chief”.

Morgan le Fay /ˌmɔːɡən lə ˈfeɪ/ pn
Morgane Morgane la fée fée Morgane
(Arthurian legend) The half sister of King Arthur, known for being a powerful enchantress.

Morley triangle Morley triangles n
triangle de Morley
(geometry) Any of a number of triangles described in Morley's trisector theorem, especially the equilateral triangle formed from the points of intersection of adjacent angle trisectors of a given triangle.

Morley's trisector theorem pn
théorème de Morley
(geometry) A theorem stating that in any triangle, the three points of intersection of the adjacent angle trisectors form an equilateral triangle.

Mormon /ˈmɔɹmən/ /ˈmɔːmən/ adj
mormon
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Of, or pertaining to, the faith established by Joseph Smith, Jr.

Mormon /ˈmɔɹmən/ /ˈmɔːmən/ Mormons n
Mormon mormon
(originally, derogatory, sometimes, proscribed) A believer in the Mormon religion, which views Joseph Smith as a prophet of God and holds the Bible and the Book of Mormon as its primary scriptures.

Mormon /ˈmɔɹmən/ /ˈmɔːmən/ pn
Mormon
In Mormonism, an ancient American prophet who compiled the Book of Mormon.

Mormonism Mormonisms pn
mormonisme
Religious, ideological, and cultural aspects of the various denominations of the Latter-day Saint movement.

Moroccan adj
marocain Marocain
Of, from, or pertaining to Morocco or the Moroccan people.

Moroccan Moroccans n
Marocain Marocaine
A person from Morocco or of Moroccan descent.

Moroccanness n
marocanité
The quality or characteristic of being Moroccan.

Morocco /mɔɹˈɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɑkoʊ/ /məˈɹɒkəʊ/ pn
Maroc
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Moron pn
Moron
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Moroni /məˈɹoʊnaɪ/ /məˈɹəʊnaɪ/ pn
Moroni
(Mormonism) A prophet and military and spiritual leader of the Nephites, author of one of the books in the Book of Mormon.

Morosaglia pn
Morosaglia
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Morpheus /ˈmɔɹ.fɪ.əs/ /ˈmɔɹˌfjus/ /ˈmɔː.fjuːs/ /ˈmɔː.fɪ.əs/ pn
Morphée
(Greek mythology) The god and personification of dreams; according to the Roman poet Ovid, one of the sons of Somnus, the god of sleep.

Morris column Morris columns n
colonne Morris
A cylindrical outdoor sidewalk structure (like a column) used for advertising; an advertising column

Morrison Formation pn
formation de Morrison
(geology) A sequence of Upper Jurassic sedimentary rock in the western United States, noted as the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America.

Morse code Morse codes n
code Morse alphabet Morse
(telecommunications) A character code represented by dots and dashes (or short and long pulses), originally used to send messages by telegraph, later by flashes of light or by radio.

Mosaic adj
mosaïque
Pertaining to Moses, or the writings and traditions attributed to him. [from 17th c.]

Moscovian Moscovians n
Moscovien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Moscow /ˈmɑskaʊ/ /ˈmɑskoʊ/ /ˈmɒskəʊ/ /ˈmɔskɐʉ/ pn
Moscou
(metonymy, politics) The government of Russia or the Soviet Union.

Moscow mule Moscow mules n
mule de Moscou
A cocktail made with vodka, ginger beer, and lime juice.

Moselle /məʊˈzɛl/ pn
Moselle
A river flowing from France into the Rhine at Koblenz (western Germany).
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Moses /ˈmoʊzəs/ /ˈmoʊzəz/ /ˈməʊzɪs/ /ˈməʊzɪz/ pn
Moïse
The pharaonic patriarch who led the enslaved Hebrews out of Egypt, the brother of Aaron and Miriam described in the Book of Exodus and the Quran.

Moses basket Moses baskets n
moïse
A basket for holding a newborn, a kind of bassinet designed to be set upon a stand.

Mossad pn
Mossad
The national intelligence agency of Israel.

Most High pn
Très-Haut
(religion) One of the titles of God. Supreme, most magnificent.

Mosul /ˈməʊsəl/ pn
Mossoul

Mother Earth pn
Terre-Mère
The personification of the Earth, (chiefly) conceived as a fertile, nurturing, and loving mother.

Mother Nature pn
Dame Nature Mère Nature
A personification of nature as woman, stressing fertility and fecundity. Based upon either goddesses of the earth and nature, Gaia, Rhea, or Demeter.

Mother Russia pn
Mère Russie
A national personification of Russia as a woman, appearing in patriotic posters, statues, etc.

Mother Teresa pn
mère Teresa
A nun who worked among the poor for many decades in India.

Mother of God pn
Mère de Dieu
(Christianity) A dogmatic title of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as mother of God.

Mother's Day Mother's Days n
fête des Mères
(US, Canada) A day in honor of one's mother on the second Sunday in May in the United States and Canada.

Mount Athos pn
mont Athos
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Mount Everest Mount Everests pn
mont Everest Everest
(uncountable) TemplateParserError:LuaError; the world’s highest mountain.

Mount Fuji pn
Fuji Fujiyama mont Fuji
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Mount Mayon /mə.ˈjɔn/ pn
Mayon
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Mount Royal pn
Mont-Royal
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Mont Royal
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Mount of Olives pn
mont des Oliviers montagne des Oliviers
A mountain ridge east of and adjacent to the Old City of Jerusalem, a holy place for both Judaism and Christianity.

Mourelatos Mourelatoses pn
Mourelatos
A surname from Greek.

Moutai pn
maotai maotaijiu
A brand of Chinese baijiu produced in the town of Maotai in the province of Guizhou.

Movima n
Movima

Movima pn
movima

Mozambican Mozambicans n
Mozambicain Mozambicaine
A native or inhabitant of Mozambique, or a descendant of such person.

Mozambique /ˌmoʊ.zæmˈbiːk/ pn
Mozambique
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Mozart effect pn
effet Mozart
The supposed phenomenon by which listening to Mozart's music may induce a short-term improvement in spatiotemporal reasoning or in mental performance generally.

Mozartian more Mozartian most Mozartian adj
mozartien
Of or pertaining to Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791), prolific and influential composer of classical music.

Mr. /ˈmɪstəɹ/ [ˈmɪstə(ɹ)] [ˈmɪstɚ] Messrs. n
M. Monsieur [[Mr|M<sup>r</sup>]] monsieur
(US, Canada) A title used before the surname in theory, though not generally in practice, above some undefined social level, too old to be addressed as “Master”, not a knight or of some higher rank, and, in Britain though not in the United States, not entitled to be addressed as “Dr.”.

Mr. and Mrs. Messrs. and Mmes. n
M. et Mme
a title used for a married couple before the surname or before the name of the husband.

Mrs /ˈmɪs/ /ˈmɪsəz/ /ˈmɪsɪz/ /ˈmɪz/ Mmes Mrses n
Mme Mme.
(used before an adult woman's name or surname, used for any high-status woman without regard to marital status until the 1800s, after which it began to be reserved for married, divorced and widowed women and used with their married surnames)

Mrs. Claus Mrs. Clauses pn
mère Noël
(folklore) The wife of Santa Claus.

Mrs. Watanabe pn
Madame Watanabe
A personification of the Japanese housewife speculators, who are strong enough to affect international markets, especially foreign exchange markets.

Mtskheta-Mtianeti pn
Mtskheta-Mtianeti
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Muay Thai /muːeɪ ˈtaɪ/ /mweɪ ˈtaɪ/ n
muay thaï
(martial arts) A sport practiced in Thailand which is similar to boxing but also allows strikes with the shins, feet, elbows, and knees.

Mud Pie Island pn
Île Mud Pie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A shallow depth mudflat that is occasionally above waters, located just to the west of Nuns' Island.

Muggle /ˈmʌɡ(ə)l/ /ˈmʌɡl̩/ Muggles n
moldu moldue non-magique
A person who has no magical abilities.

Mughal Empire pn
Empire moghol
A Persianate empire centered in North India from 1526 to 1857. Succeeded by the British East India Company.

Muhammad /mʊˈhæməd/ /mʊˈhɑməd/ Muhammads pn
Mahomet Mohammed
(uncountable) The figure who introduced Islam, the man to whom the Qur'an was revealed; considered a prophet by Muslims and Baháʼís.

Muhu pn
Muhu
Third largest island in Estonia, located between Saaremaa and the continent.

Mumbai /mʊm.ˈbaɪ/ pn
Bombay
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Munich /ˈmjuːnɪk/ pn
Munich munichois
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Munsee /ˈmʌn.si/ pn
munsee
An endangered Eastern Algonquian language, one of the two Lenape / Delaware languages (the other is called Unami), spoken aboriginally in the vicinity of what is now New York City.

Muntenia /mʊnˈtɛni.ə/ pn
Munténie
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Muntinlupa /mʊntɪnˈlupɑ/ pn
Muntinlupa
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Murad pn
Mourad
A en given name, of Turkish origin, borne by various Ottoman dignitaries

Murasugi sum Murasugi sums n
somme de Murasugi
The union of a finite sequence of surfaces taken over a disk common to every adjacent pair of the sequence, such that the boundary of the disk comprises some even number of closed arcs, disjoint except at their endpoints, which are alternatingly subarcs of the two surfaces' boundaries.
The union of links formed by taking such a sum of their Seifert surfaces and taking the boundary of the result.

Murcia pn
Murcie
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Muret Murets pn
Muret
A surname from French.

Muriel /ˈmjʊəɹɪ.əl/ pn
Muriel Murielle
A en given name of mostly British usage.

Murmansk pn
Mourmansk
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Murphy bed Murphy beds n
lit escamotable
(North America) A light type of bed designed to be folded up or swung into a wall or closet for storage when not in use. [from 20th c.]

Murphy's law pn
loi de Murphy
An adage which states that if anything can go wrong, then it will.

Musa pn
Moussa
A en given name, equivalent to English Moses

Musca pn
Mouche
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a fly, between the constellations of Carina and Apus.

Muscat /ˈmʌskæt/ pn
Mascate
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Muscatian adj
mascatais
Of or from Muscat.

Muscatian Muscatians n
Mascatais
Someone from Muscat.

Muscovian more Muscovian most Muscovian adj
moscovien
In, from, or otherwise relating to Muscovy

Muscovian Muscovians n
Moscovien
A member or descendant of the (Russian) people of Muscovy

Muscovite /ˈmʌs.kəˌvaɪt/ adj
moscovite
Of or relating to Muscovy or Moscow, or the people of these places.

Muscovite /ˈmʌs.kəˌvaɪt/ Muscovites n
Moscovite moscovite
An inhabitant or native of Muscovy or Moscow.

Muscovy /ˈmʌskəvi/ pn
Moscovie
The Russian territory around and ruled from Moscow by grand princes until it became the nucleus of a united Russia, which its dynasty ruled first as czars (kings) from Moscow, later as emperors from Saint Petersburg

Muscovy duck Muscovy ducks n
canard de Barbarie canard musqué
A large duck (Cairina moschata) which is native to Mexico, Central and South America.

Muse /mjuːz/ Muses n
Muse muse
One of the nine Ancient Greek deities of the arts.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ more Muslim most Muslim adj
musulman
Being or relating to a believer of Islam.

Muslim /ˈmʊs.ləm/ /ˈmʊs.lɪm/ /ˈmʊz.ləm/ /ˈmʊz.lɪm/ /ˈmʌz.ləm/ Muslima Muslimah Muslims n
musulman musulmane
A person who is a follower and believer of Islam.

Mussetian more Mussetian most Mussetian adj
mussétien

Mustafa pn
Moustapha
A en given name used by Muslims.

Muzak /ˈmjuzæk/ /ˈmjuːzæk/ pn
muzak
(music, trademark) Recorded background music characterized by soft, soothing instrumental sounds which is transmitted by wire, radio, or recorded media (originally on a subscription basis) to doctors' offices, shops, and other business premises. [from 1934]

Mwotlap pn
mwotlap
An Oceanic language spoken mainly on the island of Motalava in Vanuatu (Banks Islands).

Mx /məks/ /mɪks/ n
Mx
(LGBT) A gender-neutral title used instead of Mr (Mister), Mrs (Mistress), etc.

Myanmar /mjænˈmɑː/ /ˈmaɪ̯ænˌmɑː/ /ˈmjæn.mɑː/ /ˈmjænˌmɑɹ/ /ˈmjɑnˌmɑɹ/ /ˌmjɑnˈmɑɹ/ pn
Myanmar Birmanie
The Sino-Tibetan official language of the country of Myanmar.

Mycenae pn
Mycènes
An ancient Greek city in the NE Peloponnesus on the plain of Argos, inhabited since about 4000 B.C.E.

Mycenaean /ˌmaɪ.sɪˈniːən/ adj
mycénien
Of or relating to ancient Mycenae or its inhabitants.

Mycenaean Greek n
mycénien grec mycénien
The most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, written in Linear B script.

Mykolaiv /mɪkəˈlɑ(j)ɪv/ /mɪkəˈlɑː(j)ɪv/ pn
Mykolaïv Nikolaïev
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Mykonos pn
Mykonos Myconos
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Mysia /ˈmɪsɪə/ /ˈmɪʒə/ pn
Mysie
a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor

Mytilene pn
Mytilène
Lesbos.
The capital of Lesbos.

Màasaw pn
Maasa'u
Hopi god of fire and death and guardian spirit of the present Fourth World.

Málaga /ˈmæləɡə/ pn
Malaga
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Mänti /ˈmænti/ pn
mänti
A constructed language created by Daniel Tammet.

Mèze pn
Mèze
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Mérida pn
Mérida
A city in Spain’s western region Estremadura, in Badajoz province

Mérigon pn
Mérigon
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Möbius strip /ˈmoʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈməʊ.bi.əs stɹɪp/ /ˈmɜː.bi.əs stɹɪp/ Möbius strips n
ruban de Möbius
(topology) A one-sided surface formed by identifying two opposite edges of a square in opposite senses;a narrow strip given a half twist and joined at the ends, forming a three-dimensional embedding of said surface.

Möbius transformation Möbius transformations n
transformation de Möbius
(geometry, complex analysis) A transformation of the extended complex plane that is a rational function of the form f(z) = (az + b) / (cz + d), where a, b, c, d are complex numbers such that ad − bc ≠ 0; an automorphism of the complex projective line.

Mössbauer effect Mössbauer effects n
effet Mössbauer
(physics) the resonant and recoil-free emission and absorption of gamma rays by atoms in the solid state; the basis of a type of spectroscopy with applications in both physics and chemistry

Müllerian mimicry pn
mimétisme mullérien
(evolutionary theory) The resemblance of two or more poisonous species with each other, giving the effect that they are all more recognisable to potential predators. For example, the monarch butterfly and the viceroy butterfly.

Münchausen syndrome Münchausen syndromes n
syndrome de Münchhausen
A psychiatric disorder in which a person feigns illness or psychological trauma in order to garner attention or sympathy.

N /ɛn/ n
N

N'Djamena /ənd͡ʒɑːˈmeɪnɑː/ pn
N'Djaména Ndjamena N'Djamena
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NACI pn
CCNI
(Canada, medicine) Acronym of National Advisory Committee on Immunization.

NAFLD n
NASH maladie du soda stéatose hépatique non alcoolique
(disease) Initialism of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a spectrum of disorders characterized by predominantly macrovesicular hepatic steatosis occurring in individuals in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.

NAFTA /ˈnæftə/ pn
ALÉNA
Acronym of North American Free Trade Agreement.

NAM pn
Mouvement des non-alignés
Initialism of w:Non-Aligned Movement.

NAND NANDs n
NON-ET
(logic) A binary operator composite of NOT AND; negation of AND function.

NASA /ˈnæsə/ pn
NASA
(NASA, space agency) Acronym of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

NATO /ˈneɪ.toʊ/ /ˈneɪ.təʊ/ pn
OTAN
Acronym of North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

NAWA pn
ANAO

NB pn
NB
(Canada) Initialism of New Brunswick, a Canadian province.

NBC NBCs n
NBC

NDG pn
NDG
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NDP pn
NPD
(Canada) Initialism of New Democratic Party.

NG NGs n
GN
(petrochemistry) Initialism of natural gas.
NG
(Internet) Initialism of newsgroup.

NGO NGOs n
ONG
Initialism of non-governmental organization.

NHL pn
LNH
(ice hockey) Initialism of National Hockey League.

NOR NORs n
NON-OU
A binary operator composite of NOT OR; negation of OR function.

NOT NOTs n
NON
(mathematics, logic) A unary operation on logical values that changes true to false, and false to true.

NOTMAR NOTMARs n
NOTMAR

NP NPs n
SN
(linguistics) Initialism of noun phrase.

NP-complete adj
NP-complet
(computing theory, of a, decision problem) That is both NP (solvable in polynomial time by a non-deterministic Turing machine) and NP-hard (such that any (other) NP problem can be reduced to it in polynomial time).

NP-completeness n
NP-complétude
The state or condition of being NP-complete.

NP-hard adj
NP-dur
(computing theory) A problem H is NP-hard if and only if there is an NP-complete problem L that is polynomial time Turing-reducible to H.
(computing theory) An alternative definition restricts NP-hard to decision problems and then uses polynomial-time many-one reduction instead of Turing reduction.

NPO NPOs n
ASBL
Initialism of w:nonprofit organization.

Nabeul pn
Nabeul
A city in Tunisia on the Cap Bon peninsula.

Nablus pn
Naplouse
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Nabokovian more Nabokovian most Nabokovian adj
nabokovien
Of or pertaining to Vladimir Nabokov (1899-1977) or his writings, characterised by a lush descriptive style and intricate wordplay.

Nadal Nadals pn
Nadal

Nadezhda pn
Nadège
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Наде́жда (Nadéžda).

Nadia /ˈnɑ.di.ə/ pn
Nadia
A en given name used since the twentieth century.

Naevian /ˈniːvɪən/ more Naevian most Naevian adj
névien
Of or relating to the Latin poet Gnaeus Naevius.

Nagorno-Karabakh /nəˌɡɔːnəʊ kɑːɹəˈbɑːk/ pn
Haut-Karabagh Artsakh Haut-Karabakh
A landlocked region in South Caucasus.

Nagorno-Karabakh Republic /nəˌɡɔːnəʊ kɑːɹəˈbɑːk ɹɪˌpʌblɪk/ pn
République du Haut-Karabagh
An Armenian-populated republic with limited recognition located in the Nagorno-Karabakh region of the South Caucasus, between Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Nagy /ˈnæɡi/ pn
Nagy

Nagykanizsa pn
Nagykanizsa
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Nahuatl /nɑːˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /nəˈwɑːt(ə)l/ /ˈnɑːwɑːt(ə)l/ pn
nahuatl
The polysynthetic Aztecan language spoken by an indigenous people of Mexico.

Nahum pn
Nahum
A book of the Tanakh / the Old Testament of the Bible.

Nairobi /naɪˈɹoʊbi/ /naɪˈɹəʊbi/ pn
Nairobi
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Naissaar pn
Naissaar
Island near Tallinn in northern Estonia, on the southern coast of Gulf of Finland.

Najac pn
Najac
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Nakba /ˈnɑːkbə/ pn
nakba
(Palestine) The fracturing, dispossession and displacement of Palestinian society, following the declaration of Israel on what had been most of Mandatory Palestine, including the flight or expulsion of the majority of the Palestinian Arabs (some 700,000) and the destruction of their homes.

Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic pn
République autonome de Nakhitchevan
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Nakhichevan /ˌnɑːxɪt͡ʃɪˈvɑːn/ pn
Nakhitchevan
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Nakhodka pn
Nakhodka
A port city in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

Nalchik pn
Naltchik
The capital of Kabardino-Balkariya, Russia.

Namibia /nəˈmɪbi.ə/ pn
Namibie
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Namibian Namibians n
Namibien Namibienne
A person from Namibia or of Namibian descent.

Namur pn
Namur
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Nancy /ˈnænsi/ [ˈnɛənsi] pn
Nancy
A en given name.
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Nanling pn
Nanling
Nan Mountains; Nanling Mountains

Nanterre /nɑːnˈtɛə(ɹ)/ /nɑːnˈtɜː(ɹ)/ /nɒ̃ˈtɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Nanterre
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Nantes /nɑːnts/ pn
Nantes
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Naomi /naɪˈəʊmi/ /neɪˈoʊmi/ /ˈneɪəmi/ pn
Noémi
(biblical) The mother-in-law of the Biblical figure Ruth.
Noémie
A en given name.

Napaea Napaeae n
napée

Naples /ˈneɪ.pəlz/ pn
Naples
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Naples, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy in the early modern period
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom that controlled southern Italy and Sicily in the 19th century

Naples yellow Naples yellows n
jaune d'antimoine jaune de Naples
A yellow pigment, lead(II) antimonate.

Napoleon /nəˈpəʊ.li.ən/ pn
Napoléon
Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821), a French military commander and political leader.
A en given name sometimes given in honor of the French emperor.

Napoleon complex Napoleon complexes n
complexe de Napoléon
(pejorative, psychology) Aggressive or domineering behaviour, claimed to be a form of psychological compensation for one's short physical stature.

Napoleonic /nəˌpoʊliˈɒnɪk/ adj
napoléonien
Of or pertaining to Napoleon Bonaparte.

Narbonne pn
Narbonne
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Narcissus pn
Narcisse
(Greek mythology) A youth who spurned the love of Echo and fell in love with his own reflection in a pool: in some versions of the myth, he drowned trying to reach it, while in others he sat fixated until a god took pity and transformed him into a flower.

Nares Strait pn
détroit de Nares
A strait between Ellesmere Island (Canada) and Greenland, connecting the Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean with Baffin Bay.

Narnia /ˈnɑː(ɹ).ni.ə/ pn
Narnia
(fantasy) A land in which a series of seven children's books, The Chronicles of Narnia by C. S. Lewis are set.

Naruto pn
Naruto
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Naruto, a popular anime and manga franchise

Narva pn
Narva
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Naryan-Mar pn
Narian-Mar
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Nasdaq /ˈnæzdæk/ pn
le Nasdaq
Acronym of National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, an electronic stock market.

Nashville /ˈnæʃˌvɪl/ Nashvilles n
Nashville
The Nashville warbler, Leiothlypis ruficapilla.

Nassau /ˈnæsɔː/ pn
Nassau
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Nassau grouper Nassau groupers n
mérou rayé
Epinephelus striatus, a perciform fish.

Nasserism n
nassérisme
An Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

Nasserist Nasserists n
nassériste
A proponent of Nasserism

Natalie pn
Nathalie
A en given name.

Natasha /nəˈtɑʃə/ /ˈnətæʃə/ pn
Natacha
A en given name borrowed from Russian in the twentieth century.

Nathan /ˈneɪθən/ Nathans pn
Nathan
An Old Testament prophet who advised King David.
A en given name, of Biblical origin.

Nathanael pn
Nathanaël
An Apostle in the Gospel of John; usually identified with Bartholomew.
A en given name; more common in the form Nathaniel.

Nathaniel /nəˈθæn.jəl/ pn
Nathaniel
A en given name.

National Assembly National Assemblies pn
Assemblée nationale
(politics, government) National legislature.

National Bolshevism n
national-bolchevisme national-bolchévisme
A neo-fascist ultranationalist ideology primarily originated from Russia that combines strong elements of classical fascism with economical communism.

National Convention pn
Convention nationale
(historical) A constitutional and legislative assembly holding executive power during the French Revolution.

National Day for Truth and Reconciliation pn
Journée nationale de la vérité et de la réconciliation
(Canada, holidays) September 30th; A statutory holiday in Canada, for the recognition of the cultural genocide of indigenous peoples in Canada enacted by the colonizers, especially that caused by the residential school system; declared as a law in 2020, and first observed in 2021.

National League pn
Ligue nationale

National Rally pn
Rassemblement national

National Socialism n
national-socialisme
The ideology of the NSDAP (National Socialist German Workers' Party) in Germany, including an authoritarian government, ethnic nationalism (including but not limited to Pan-Germanism) and adequate territory (Lebensraum), and economic cooperation between the state and capital.
The ideology of any other (neo-)Nazi party; Nazism.

National Socialist German Workers' Party pn
Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands
(historical, Nazism, German politics) Far-Right political party from Germany, commonly known as the Nazi Party

Native America pn
Amérique indienne

Native American Native Americans n
amérindien amérindienne
An Indigenous person of the contiguous United States.

Nativity pn
Nativité
(Christianity) The birth of Jesus as described in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.

Natterer's slaty antshrike Natterer's slaty antshrikes n
batara de Natterer
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus stictocephalus.

Natufian adj
natoufien
(archaeology, anthropology) Of, or relating to a Mesolithic-era hunter-gatherer people in the Mediterranean area around Levant, at about 13,000 to 11,000 BC.

Natufian Natufians n
Natoufien Natoufienne
A member of the Natufian culture.

Naumann's thrush Naumann's thrushes n
grive de Naumann
Turdus naumanni, a Eurasian thrush.

Nauru /naʊˈru/ /nɑːˈuː.ɹuː/ /nəˈru/ /ˈnaʊ.ɹu/ /ˈn̪ʌ̯u.ru/ pn
Nauru
Nauruan, the language of Nauru.

Nauruan [nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩] adj
nauruan
Of, from, or pertaining to Nauru, the Nauruan people or the Nauruan language.

Nauruan [nɑːˈuː.ɹuːn̩] Nauruans n
Nauruan Nauruane
A person from Nauru or of Nauruan descent.

Nausicaa /nɔːˈsɪkeɪə/ /nɔːˈsɪkiə/ pn
Nausicaa
(Greek mythology) A princess who aids Odysseus.

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ Navajo Navajoes Navajos n
Navajo
A member of the Navajo people, currently the largest Native American tribe in North America.

Navajo /ˈnæ.voʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.hoʊ/ /ˈnæ.və.həʊ/ /ˈnɑ.və.hoʊ/ pn
navajo
An Apachean (Southern Athabaskan) language of the Athabascan language family belonging to the Na-Dené phylum. It is spoken by 149,000 people in the American Southwest (Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and Colorado).
An Amerindian people who traditionally speak the Navajo language

Navalny Navalnies Navalnys pn
Navalny
A surname from Russian.

Navarre /nəˈvɑɹ/ /nəˈvɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Navarre
A region in southern France and northern Spain roughly comprising said kingdom
A part of the Northern Basque Country (France), often referred to as Basse Navarre (Lower Navarre) in French, to distinguish it from the Navarre belonging to Spain.

Navarrenx pn
Navarrenx
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Navarrese /ˌnævəˈɹiːz/ adj
navarrais
From, or pertaining to, Navarre

Navarrese /ˌnævəˈɹiːz/ Navarrese Navarreses n
Navarrais
Someone from Navarre.

Navoiy pn
Navoï

Naxalite Naxalites n
naxalite
A member of any of several militant Maoist movements in India.

Naypyidaw /ˈneɪpjɪˌdɔː/ pn
Naypyidaw
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Nazarbayev pn
Nazarbaïev
A transliteration of the Kazakh surname Назарбаев (Nazarbaev).

Nazarene adj
nazaréen
Of or pertaining to Nazareth or its people.
Of or relating to the Church of the Nazarene.

Nazarene Nazarenes n
Nazaréen
A person from Nazareth.
A member of the Church of the Nazarene.

Nazarene pn
Nazaréen
(usually as “the Nazarene”) an epithet of Jesus Christ

Nazareth /ˈnæzəɹəθ/ pn
Nazareth
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Nazarite Nazarites n
nazaréen nazir nazirite naziréen
A Jew bound by a vow to leave the hair uncut, to abstain from alcohol, and to practice extraordinary purity of life and devotion.

Nazi /ˈnætsi/ /ˈnæzi/ /ˈnɑːtsi/ more Nazi most Nazi adj
nazi naziste
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Nazi Party specifically, or to Nazism, neo-Nazism, or neo-Nazis more generally.

Nazi /ˈnætsi/ /ˈnæzi/ /ˈnɑːtsi/ Nazis n
nazi fasciste nazie
(historical) A member of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP). [1930]

Nazi salute Nazi salutes n
salut hitlérien salut nazi
A greeting used in Nazi Germany, performed by extending the right arm straight into the air.

Nazianzus /ˌnæzɪˈænzəs/ pn
Nazianze
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Nazification Nazifications n
nazification
The act or process of Nazifying.

Nazify v
nazifier
To subject or convert to Nazism (National Socialism).

Nazism /ˈnɑːts(i.)ɪzəm/ n
nazisme
The ideology of the Nazi Party (the National Socialist German Workers' Party or NSDAP), being a form of fascism characterised by Adolf Hitler's cult of personality, hate propaganda, white supremacy, extreme bigotry (especially antisemitism and racism), eugenics, mass violence, genocide, ethnonationalist territorial expansion (Lebensraum) and state capitalism.

Naʼvi Na'vi n
na'vi
A member of a fictional alien race in the 2009 film Avatar, depicted as tall blue humanoids.

Naʼvi pn
na'vi
A constructed language designed by Paul Frommer to be spoken by fictional extraterrestrials in the 2009 film Avatar.

Neanderthal /niˈæn.dɚ.θəl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌtɑl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌθɑl/ /niːˈæn.dəˌtɑːl/ adj
néandertalien
Of or pertaining to Homo neanderthalensis.

Neanderthal /niˈæn.dɚ.θəl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌtɑl/ /niˈæn.dɚˌθɑl/ /niːˈæn.dəˌtɑːl/ Neanderthals n
homme de Néandertal
A specimen of the now extinct species Homo neanderthalensis.
(pejorative) A primitive, savage or uncivilized person.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ adj
napolitain
Pertaining to Naples, a city in southern Italy.
tranche napolitaine
(dated) Describing a variety of ice cream made with eggs as well as cream.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ Neapolitans n
Napolitain Napolitaine
An inhabitant or resident of Naples.

Neapolitan /ˌniːəˈpɑlətən/ /ˌniːəˈpɑlɪtən/ /ˌniːəˈpɒlɪtən/ pn
napolitain
A language spoken in South Italy, approximately in the area of the former Kingdom of Naples.

Neapolitan chord Neapolitan chords n
accord de sixte napolitaine sixte napolitaine

Neapolitan wafer Neapolitan wafers n
gaufrette gaufrette napolitaine
A layered wafer biscuit usually filled with chocolate cream.

Near East pn
Proche-Orient
The region located south of Eastern Europe, comprising Anatolia, Transcaucasia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia.

Nearctic adj
néarctique
(zoology) Relating to the Nearctic ecozone.

Nebbio pn
Nebbio
A natural region in Corsica, France.

Nebra sky disc pn
disque céleste de Nebra
(archaeology) A bronze disc featuring gold symbols inlaid on a blue-green patina, generally interpreted as depicting the Sun or full moon, a lunar crescent and stars (including a group that may be the Pleiades), dated to circa 1800–1600 BCE and attributed to the Unetice culture of the early European Bronze Age.

Nebraskan Nebraskans n
Nébraskain Nébraskaine Nébraskien Nébraskienne

Necker Neckers pn
Île Necker
Ellipsis of Necker Island.; TemplateParserError:LuaError; named after Jacques Necker

Nefertem /ˈnɛfə(ɹ)tɛm/ pn
Nefertoum
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, who represented the first sunlight and the delightful smell of the Egyptian blue lotus flower

Negev /ˈnɛɡɛv/ pn
Néguev
A desert region in southern Israel

Negrophobia n
négrophobie
(somewhat derogatory) Fear, hate, or dislike of black people of any descent, usually Africans.

Negros pn
Île du Negros
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Nehemiah /ˌniː(h)əˈmaɪə/ pn
Néhémie
The sixteenth book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and a book of the Tanakh.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Nelson's elk Nelson's elk n
cerf wapiti
Cervus elaphus nelsoni; a subspecies of red deer (or wapiti).

Neman /ˈneɪmən/ pn
Niémen
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Nemean Lion /ˌnimi.ən ˈlai.ən/ pn
Lion de Némée
(Greek mythology) A mythical lion of ancient Nemea that was invulnerable to attack by weapons and was slain by Hercules as one of his labours.

Nemesis /ˈnɛməsɪs/ pn
Némésis
(Greek god) The goddess of divine retribution.

Nenets pn
nénètse
The Samoyedic languages spoken by these people.

Nenets Autonomous Okrug pn
district autonome de Nénétsie
a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug) with a center at Naryan-Mar;

Nenetsia pn
Nénétsie
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Neo pn
Néo
A en given name.

Neo-Confucian more Neo-Confucian most Neo-Confucian adj
néoconfucéen
Of or relating to Neo-Confucianism.

Neo-Middle Egyptian pn
égyptien de tradition
(linguistics, history) The form of Middle Egyptian archaizingly used as a literary language after the vernacular language had changed into Late Egyptian, and later Demotic and Coptic.

Neogrammarian Neogrammarians n
néogrammairien
(linguistics, historical) A member or follower of a 19th-century school of German linguists who first advanced the theory of regular sound change.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ adj
néolithique
Of or relating to the New Stone Age.

Neolithic /ˌni.oʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əʊˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌni.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
Néolithique néolithique
The New Stone Age, from circa 8500 to 4500 BCE.

Neoplatonic more Neoplatonic most Neoplatonic adj
néoplatonicien
Of or pertaining to Neoplatonism.

Neoplatonist /niːə(ʊ)ˈpleɪtənɪst/ Neoplatonists n
néoplatonicien néoplatonicienne
(philosophy) A member of the philosophical school of Neoplatonism. [from 19th c.]

Nepal /nəˈpɑl/ /nəˈpɔːl/ /nɪˈpɔːl/ pn
Népal
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Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ adj
népalais népalaise
of, from, or pertaining to Nepal, the Nepali people or the Nepali language

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ Nepalis n
Népalais Népalaise
a person from Nepal or of Nepali descent

Nepali /nəˈpɑːli/ /nəˈpɔːli/ pn
népalais
an Indo-Aryan language used primarily by the people of Nepal

Nephele pn
Néphélé
(Greek mythology) A cloud nymph who figured prominently in the story of Phrixus and Helle.

Neptune /ˈneptʃʉːn/ /ˈnɛptjuːn/ /ˈnɛptuːn/ /ˈnɛptʃuːn/ pn
Neptune
(astronomy) The eighth planet in our solar system, represented in astronomy and astrology by ♆.
(Roman mythology) The god of the ocean and of earthquakes, equivalent to Poseidon in Greek mythology.

Neptunian /-ˈtʃuː-/ /nɛpˈt(j)u.ni.ən/ /nɛpˈtjuː.nɪ.ən/ adj
neptunien
(Roman mythology) Of or pertaining to Neptune, the Roman god of fresh water and the sea, the counterpart of the Greek god Poseidon.
(by extension, geology, historical) Of, pertaining to, or supporting Neptunism.

Neptunian /-ˈtʃuː-/ /nɛpˈt(j)u.ni.ən/ /nɛpˈtjuː.nɪ.ən/ Neptunians n
neptunien neptunienne
(geology, historical) A proponent of Neptunism.

Nero /ˈniːroʊ/ pn
Néron
Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty.

Neronian /nɪˈɹəʊnɪən/ more Neronian most Neronian adj
néronien
Of or pertaining to the Roman emperor Nero, notorious for debauchery and barbarous cruelty.

Nessie /ˈnɛsi/ Nessies pn
Nessie
(informal, cryptozoology) The Loch Ness monster.
A diminutive of the en given name Agnes.

Nessus shirt Nessus shirts n
tunique de Nessus

Nestorian more Nestorian most Nestorian adj
nestorien
(sometimes, pejorative) Relating to teachings or to the followers of Nestorius.

Nestorian Nestorians n
nestorien nestorienne
(sometimes, pejorative) A perceived follower of Nestorius in the fourth and fifth centuries. A member of a Nestorian church.

Nestorianism Nestorianisms n
nestorianisme
(Christianity) The Christological doctrine ascribed to Nestorius, condemned as heretical by the Council of Ephesus but later also ascribed to the Church of the East, holding that within Christ there are two distinct hypostases, divine and human.

Netanyahu Netanyahus pn
Netanyahou
A surname from Hebrew.

Netflix v
netflixer
(transitive, Internet, informal) To watch (a film or TV series) using the Internet streaming media provider Netflix. [from the 2000s]

Netflixian more Netflixian most Netflixian adj
netflixien
Of, pertaining to, or resembling the streaming service provider Netflix, especially with respect to its innovative approach.

Netherlander /ˈnɛðɚˌlændɚ/ Netherlanders n
Néerlandais Néerlandaise
Someone from the Netherlands

Netherlands /ˈnɛðələndz/ /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ adj
néerlandais hollandais
Of, from or relating to the Netherlands.

Netherlands /ˈnɛðələndz/ /ˈnɛðɚləndz/ the Netherlands pn
Pays-Bas Hollande
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Netherlands Antilles pn
Antilles néerlandaises
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, composed of the islands of Aruba, Curaçao, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius, Saba and Sint Maarten, dissolved in 2010.

Neuchâtel /ˌnjuːʃəˈtɛl/ /ˌnɜːʃæˈtɛl/ /ˌnɜːʃɑːˈtɛl/ pn
Neuchâtel
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Neustria /ˈnjuːstɹɪə/ pn
Neustrie
(historical) The western part of the Frankish empire, corresponding roughly to modern-day northern France.

Neutral Moresnet /ˈn(j)uːtɹəl ˌmɔɹəsˈnɛt/ pn
Moresnet Neutre
A small European state, in present-day Belgium, that existed from 1816 to 1930.

Nevada /nəˈveɪdə/ /nəˈvædə/ /nəˈvɑdə/ /nəˈvɑːdə/ /nɪˈvædə/ /nɪˈvɑdə/ /nɪˈvɑːdə/ [nəˈvæɾə] [nəˈvɑɾə] pn
Nevada
Several other locations in the United States:

Nevanlinna theory n
théorie de Nevanlinna
(complex analysis) A part of the theory of meromorphic functions that describes the asymptotic distribution of solutions to the equation ƒ(z) = a, as a varies.

Nevi'im pn
Nevi'im
A subdivision of the Hebrew Testament (Tanakh) that is known in English as the Prophets. This section is subdivided into two sections, the Former Prophets and the Latter Prophets. The Latter Prophets is further subdivided into the Major Prophets and the Minor Prophets (known as the Twelve).

Neville /ˈnɛvəl/ Nevilles pn
Néville de Néville
(countable) A surname from Old French.
Néville
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The correct spelling is Néville.
Néville Néville-sur-Mer
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Ellipsis of Neville-sur-Mer.. .

New Age n
Nouvel-Âge
A modern spiritual and religious movement.

New Amsterdam pn
Nouvelle-Amsterdam
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError; the Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City.

New Britain pn
Nouvelle-Bretagne
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New Brunswick /nju ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ /njuː ˈbɹʌnz.wɪk/ pn
Nouveau-Brunswick
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New Brunswicker New Brunswickers n
Néo-Brunswickois Néo-Brunswickoise
A native or inhabitant of New Brunswick, Canada.

New Caledonia /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.əˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnjuː ˌkæl.ɪˈdəʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˈnu ˌkæl.ɪˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ pn
Nouvelle-Calédonie
(historical) A district of the west coast of British North America traded by the Hudson's Bay Company. It became the colony of British Columbia in 1858.

New Caledonian adj
néo-calédonien
of, from, or pertaining to New Caledonia (either sense), its people or language.

New Caledonian New Caledonians n
Néo-Calédonien Néo-Calédonienne
A person from New Caledonia (either sense) or of New Caledonian descent.

New Delhi /n(j)uː ˈdɛli/ pn
New Delhi Nouvelle-Delhi
TemplateParserError:LuaError, located in the national capital territory of Delhi.
(figurative, metonym) The government of India.

New Democrat New Democrats n
néo-démocrate
(US politics) A member of the New Democrats centrist faction of the American Democratic Party.

New Democratic adj
Nouveau démocratique
(Canadian politics) Of or pertaining to the Canadian New Democratic Party or supporters thereof.

New Democratic Party pn
Nouveau Parti démocratique

New England pn
Nouvelle-Angleterre
TemplateParserError:LuaError, namely Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Vermont.
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New Englander /ˌnjuː ˈɪŋɡləndə(ɹ)/ /ˌnuː ˈɪŋɡləndə(ɹ)/ New Englanders n
Néo-Anglais Néo-Anglaise
A person from New England

New France pn
Nouvelle-France
(historical) France's former possessions and colonies in North America, including Canada (now Quebec and Ontario and Ohio plains), Acadia (now New Brunswick and Nova Scotia), and Louisiana (now the Mississippi plains), before 1763.

New Granada pn
Nouvelle Grenade
(historical) A nation in South America corresponding to present-day Colombia.

New Guinea /n(j)uː ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ [njuː ˈɡɪn.i] [nu ˈɡɪn.i] pn
Nouvelle-Guinée
A large Oceanian island in the Pacific Ocean, north of Australia, whose territory is divided between Indonesia in the west and Papua New Guinea in the east.

New Hampshire /nuːˈhæmpʃɚ/ pn
New Hampshire Nouveau-Hampshire
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New Hebrides /ˌnjuː ˈhɛbɹɪdiz/ pn
Nouvelles-Hébrides
(historical) A group of islands in the Pacific, now forming the state of Vanuatu.

New High German pn
haut-allemand moderne
The modern form of the German language, successor to Middle High German.

New Holland pn
Nouvelle Hollande
(obsolete) The continent and the country of Australia.

New Ireland pn
Nouvelle-Irlande
An island of the Bismarck Archipelago, a German colony from 1884 to 1921; governed by Australia from 1921 and then by Papua New Guinea from 1975 to the present day.

New Jersey /njuː ˈdʒɜːzi/ /nuːˈdʒɝzi/ pn
New Jersey Nouvelle-Jersey
A northeast state of the United States of America. Capital: Trenton.

New Latin pn
néolatin néo-latin
The reformed Latin language as written or spoken as a lingua franca from 14th century Renaissance Latin to Contemporary Latin in the late 19th century.

New Mexico /nju ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ /njuː mɛk.sɪ.kəʊ/ /nu ˈmɛk.sɪ.koʊ/ pn
Nouveau-Mexique
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New Norwegian pn
nynorsk néo-norvégien
Nynorsk; Norwegian as spoken after 1500, and the written language that is based on this

New Objectivity pn
nouvelle objectivité
An anti-expressionist artistic movement of the first half of the twentieth century that espoused direct, unadorned, matter-of-fact aesthetics.

New Orleans /n(j)uː ˈɔɹliːnz/ /nuː ˈɔɹlənz/ /ˈn(j)uː ɔɹˈliːnz/ /ˈnɔɹlənz/ /ˈnɔːlənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/ /ˌnuː ˈɔɹ.lɛ.ənz/ pn
La Nouvelle-Orléans Nouvelle-Orléans
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which is coterminous with the city. It is an industrial and distribution center and major seaport located along the Mississippi near the Gulf of Mexico, known for its rich cultural heritage, especially its music and cuisine.

New Rochelle /njuː ɹɒˈʃɛl/ /njuː ɹəˈʃɛl/ /ˌnu ɹəˈʃɛl/ pn
La Nouvelle-Rochelle New Rochelle New-Rochelle Nouvelle-Rochelle
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New Rome pn
Nouvelle Rome
Synonym of Constantinople (“Byzantium”) (Istanbul)

New South Wales pn
Nouvelle-Galles du Sud
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Situated in the south-eastern part of the continent.

New Spain pn
Nouvelle-Espagne
(historical) The colony comprising Spain's territorial possessions in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama, established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521.

New Taipei pn
Nouveau Taipei
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New Taiwan dollar New Taiwan dollars n
nouveau dollar de Taïwan
The currency of Taiwan.

New Territories pn
Nouveaux Territoires
One of the three main regions of Hong Kong.

New Testament pn
Nouveau Testament
The second half of the Christian Bible, which includes the four Gospels, the Book of Acts, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation.

New Westminster pn
New Westminster
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New World /n(j)u wɝld/ /njuː wɜːld/ pn
Nouveau Monde
The Americas and Oceania.

New World Order pn
Nouvel Ordre Mondial
A vision for the world in which greater peace and stability is achieved through a new political order.
According to conspiracy theories, the planned rule of the world by a secret global elite.

New World monkey New World monkeys n
singe du Nouveau Monde
Any monkey from any of the five families of primates that are found in Central America and South America: the Callitrichidae, the Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, and Atelidae.

New Year New Years n
le jour de l'an le nouvel an nouvel an
In particular, January 1 in the Julian and Gregorian calendar (New Year’s Day) and the days following.

New Year's Day New Year's Days n
jour de l'an Nouvel An
A holiday celebrating the first day of the New Year, celebrated on January 1 in cultures following the Gregorian calendar.

New Year's Eve New Year's Eves pn
Saint-Sylvestre
The holiday occurring on the last day of the year, celebrated on December 31st in cultures following the Gregorian calendar

New Year's resolution /ˈn(j)u jɪɹz ˌɹɛzəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ /ˈnjuː jɪəz ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ New Year's resolutions n
bonne résolution
A vow that one makes on New Year's Eve or New Year's Day for the coming year.

New York /njuː ˈjɔːk/ /nu ˈjɔək/ /nu ˈjɔɹk/ [nɪ ˈjɔək] [ɲɔək] pn
New York État de New York
TemplateParserError:LuaError and the largest city in the United States, a metropolis extending into neighboring New Jersey.
New York County, a county of New York, coterminous with the Borough of Manhattan.

New York City pn
New York Ville de New York
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New Yorker New Yorkers n
New-Yorkais New-Yorkaise
A native or resident of the state of New York in the United States of America.
A native or resident of New York City.

New Yorkian more New Yorkian most New Yorkian adj
new-yorkais
Of, relating to, or characteristic of, New York.

New Zealand /- ˈziː-/ /nju ˈziː.lənd/ /njʉː ˈzɪələnd/ /nu ˈzi.lənd/ /ˌnjuː -/ /ˌnu -/ [-ˈzeə-] [njʉ ˈzɪəɫənd] pn
Nouvelle-Zélande
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Nouvelle-Zélande néo-zélandais
The Realm of New Zealand, including the Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau and the Ross Dependency.

New Zealand dollar New Zealand dollars n
dollar néo-zélandais
The official currency of New Zealand.

New Zealand falcon New Zealand falcons n
faucon de Nouvelle-Zélande
A species of falcon endemic to New Zealand, Falco novaeseelandiae.

New Zealand scaup New Zealand scaups n
fuligule de Nouvelle-Zélande
A duck of the Anatinae subfamily endemic to New Zealand; Aythya novaeseelandiae.

New Zealander /ˌnjuː ˈziːləndə(ɹ)/ New Zealanders n
Néo-Zélandais Néo-Zélandaise
A person from New Zealand or of New Zealand descent.

New Zealandic adj
néo-zélandais
(rare, nonstandard) Of, from, or pertaining to New Zealand

New Zealandress New Zealandresses n
Néo-Zélandaise
(rare, mostly, obsolete) A female New Zealander.

Newari pn
Nepâlbhâsa
A Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nepal, India and Bhutan by the Newa people, and the only Tibeto-Burman language written in Devanagari script.

Newark and Sherwood pn
Newark and Sherwood

Newcastle disease n
maladie de Newcastle
A highly contagious disease of poultry, caused by the Newcastle disease virus.

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ Newfoundlands n
terre-neuve chien de Terre-Neuve
A very large breed of working dog from Newfoundland, with a shaggy, usually black coat, known for its water rescue ability, strength, and gentle disposition.

Newfoundland /ˈn(j)u.fəndlənd/ /ˈn(j)u.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lænd/ /ˈnjuː.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnjuːˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fənd.lənd/ /ˈnu.fəndˌlænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lænd/ /ˈnuˌfaʊnd.lənd/ /ˌn(j)u.fəndˈlænd/ /ˌnjuːˈfaʊnd.lænd/ pn
Terre-Neuve
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Newfoundland and Labrador pn
Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
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Newfoundlander Newfoundlanders n
Terre-Neuvien Terre-Neuvienne
A native or inhabitant of the island of Newfoundland.

Newhouse Newhouses pn
Maisonneuve
A habitational surname from English
A surname.

Newport /ˈnjuːpɔː(ɹ)t/ /ˈnupɔɹt/ Newports pn
Port-Neuf Porte-Neuve Porteneuve Portneuf Porto-Novo
TemplateParserError:LuaError; named for English seaman Christopher Newport.

Newspeak pn
novlangue
(computer languages) A highly dynamic and reflective programming language descended from Smalltalk, supporting both object-oriented and functional programming.

Newton /ˈn(j)uːtən/ pn
De Villeneuve Devilleneuve Villeneuve
A habitational surname for someone from any of these places.

Newtonian /n(j)uˈtoʊniən/ /njuːˈtəʊnɪən/ more Newtonian most Newtonian adj
newtonien
Of or relating to Isaac Newton, or his laws and theories.
(physics) Of or relating to classical physics that does not take relativity into account.

Newtonian /n(j)uˈtoʊniən/ /njuːˈtəʊnɪən/ Newtonians n
newtonien
A scientist supporting Isaac Newton's views on physics and mathematics.

Ngo /(ə)ŋoʊ/ /noʊ/ Ngos pn
Ngo

Nguyen /n(ə)-/ /n(ə)ˈwɪn/ /n(ə)ˈɡujən/ /nuˈjɛn/ /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ŋwɪn/ /ˈnjʉwən/ Nguyens pn
Nguyen Nguyên
A Vietnamese surname.

Niagara Falls pn
chutes Niagara Niagara Falls chutes du Niagara
TemplateParserError:LuaError; Massive waterfalls located on the Niagara River.
Niagara Falls
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TemplateParserError:LuaError; near the Falls.

Niamey /njɑːˈmeɪ/ pn
Niamey
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Nicaea /naɪˈsiːə/ pn
Nicée

Nicaragua /ˌnɪk.əɹˈæɡ.ju.ə/ /ˌnɪk.əˈɹɑ.ɡwə/ pn
Nicaragua
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Nicaraguan adj
nicaraguayen
Of, from, or pertaining to Nicaragua or the people of Nicaragua.

Nicaraguan Nicaraguans n
Nicaraguayen Nicaraguayenne
A person from Nicaragua or of Nicaraguan descent.

Nice /niːs/ pn
Nice
A surname. (pronounced /ni:s/ or /naɪs/)

Nicene /ˈnaɪ.siːn/ adj
nicéen
Of or pertaining to the First Council of Nicaea convened by the Roman Emperor Constantine I, or to the churches that profess the Nicene Creed, the formulation of which began at this council.

Nicene Creed pn
Foi de Nicene Symbole de Nicée
The first official creed of the early Christian church, stating the basic tenets of the Christian faith, including the nature of the Holy Trinity.

Nicholas /ˈnɪk.ləs/ /ˈnɪk.ə.ləs/ Nicholases pn
Nicolas
A en given name. Best known for St. Nicholas of Myre, on whom Father Christmas is based.

Nick /nɪk/ pn
Nico
A diminutive of the en given name Nicholas.

Nicodemus pn
Nicodème
A Pharisee, a secret follower of Jesus in the New Testament.

Nicola /nɪˈkoʊlə/ /ˈnɪ.kə.lə/ pn
Nicole
A en given name.

Nicole /nɪˈkoʊl/ /nɪˈkəʊl/ pn
Nicole
A en given name.

Nicopolis pn
Nicopolis
(historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError that served as TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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Nicosia /ˌnɪkoʊˈsiə/ /ˌnɪkəˈsiːə/ pn
Nicosie
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TemplateParserError:LuaError around the city.

Nidwalden pn
Nidwald
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Niederkorn pn
Niedercorn
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Nienburg pn
Nienburg

Nietzschean /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ən/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ən/ more Nietzschean most Nietzschean adj
nietzschéen
Of, pertaining to or characteristic of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), German philosopher, or his writings.

Nietzschean /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ən/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ən/ Nietzscheans n
nietzschéen nietzschéenne
A supporter of the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche.

Nietzscheanism /ˈni.t͡ʃi.ənɪzəm/ /ˈniː.t͡ʃɪ.ənɪzəm/ n
nietzschéisme
(philosophy) The philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900), or support for its views.

Niger /niːˈʒɛə(ɹ)/ /niːˈʒɛɚ/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.d͡ʒɚ/ pn
Niger
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Nigeria /naɪˈd͡ʒiː.ɹi.ə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪə.ɹɪə/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹ.i.ə/ pn
Nigeria Nigéria
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Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ adj
nigérian nigérien
Of, from, or pertaining to Nigeria, the Nigerian people or culture.

Nigerian /naɪˈd͡ʒɪəɹɪən/ /naɪˈd͡ʒɪɹiən/ Nigerians n
Nigérian Nigériane
A person from Nigeria or of Nigerian descent.

Nigerien /naɪˌdʒɪɹiˈɛn/ /niːˈʒɛəɹɪən/ Nigeriens n
Nigérien Nigérienne
A person from Niger or of Nigerien descent.

Nihilism /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪ.lɪ.z(ə)m/ /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪ.z(ə)m/ /ˈni.ə-/ /ˈniː-/ /ˈnɪ-/ [-(h)ɨ̞-] pn
nihilisme
(Russia, politics, historical) A movement of the 1860s that rejected all authority and promoted the use of violence for political change.

Niigata pn
Niigata
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Nijmegen pn
Nimègue
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Nike /ˈnaɪki(ː)/ pn
Niké
(Greek god) The goddess of victory and triumph; Athena's companion.

Nile /naɪl/ pn
Nil
A large river in Africa flowing through Khartoum and Cairo into the Mediterranean Sea, usually considered to be the longest river in the world.

Niman Kachina pn
Niman Katchina
A Hopi ceremony celebrating the departing of the kachinas for the San Francisco Peaks at the summer solstice.

Nimrod pn
Nemrod
(biblical) A grandson of Ham; a mighty hunter and king of Shinar.

Nina /ˈniːnə/ pn
Nina
A en given name in continuous use since the 19th century.

Nine Mile pn
Nine Mile
A town in the parish of Saint Ann, Jamaica.

Nineveh /ˈnɪnəvə/ /ˈnɪnɪvə/ pn
Ninive

Ningbo /nɪŋˈbəʊ/ pn
Ningbo
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Ningbonese adj
ningbonais
Of, from, or pertaining to Ningbo.

Ningbonese Ningbonese n
Ningbonais

Ningbonese pn
ningbonais
A dialect of Wu spoken predominantly in Ningbo

Nintendo /nɪnˈtɛndoʊ/ /nɪnˈtɛndəʊ/ Nintendos n
Nintendo
(video games) A Nintendo Entertainment System, or other video game system made by Nintendo.

Nintendo /nɪnˈtɛndoʊ/ /nɪnˈtɛndəʊ/ pn
Nintendo
(video games, trademark) Nintendo (Japanese company)

Niort /niˈɔː(ɹ)/ /niˈɔː(ɹ)t/ pn
Niort
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Nippo- prefix
japono- nippo-
Japanese

Nipponese adj
nippon

Nishapur pn
Nichapour
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Niue /ˈnjuːeɪ/ pn
Nioué Niue
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Niuean /ˈnjuːeɪən/ adj
niouéen
Of, from, or pertaining to Niue, the Niuean people or their Polynesian language.

Niuean /ˈnjuːeɪən/ Niueans n
Niouéen Niouéenne
A person from Niue or of Niuean descent.

Niuean /ˈnjuːeɪən/ pn
niouéen
A Malayo-Polynesian language spoken mainly in Niue.

Nivkh /ni(ː)fk/ /nɪvk/ /nɪvx/ pn
nivkh nivkhe
The language isolate spoken by the Nivkh.

Nivôse /niˈvoʊz/ /nɪˈvəʊz/ Nivôses pn
nivôse
(historical) The fourth month of the French Republican Calendar, from December 21, 22 or 23 to January 19, 20 or 21.

Nizhny Novgorod /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /ˌnɪʒ.ni ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Nijni Novgorod
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Niçois /niːswɑː/ more Niçois most Niçois adj
niçois
Relating to the French city of Nice.

Niçoise salad Niçoise salads n
salade niçoise
A salad, originating from the French town of Nice, with various ingredients including tuna, anchovies, hard-boiled eggs, tomatoes, black olives, and lettuce.

Nièvre pn
Nièvre
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No. Nos. n
nº
abbreviation of "number"

Noah /ˈnoʊə/ /ˈnəʊə/ Noahs pn
Noé
A en given name.
The 71st sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Noah's ark pn
arche de Noé
The vessel built by Noah under God's instructions, as described in Genesis and the Quran.

Nobel Prize /noʊˈbɛl ˌpɹaɪz/ /ˈnoʊˌbɛl ˈpɹaɪz/ Nobel Prizes n
prix Nobel
Any of the international prizes awarded annually by the Nobel Foundation for outstanding achievements in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and for the promotion of world peace; or the prize in economics awarded by the Swedish National Bank, in memorial of Alfred Nobel.

Noel /ˈnəʊ(ə)l/ pn
Noël
A en given name.
A en given name.

Nogai /noʊˈɡaɪ/ Nogai Nogais n
Nogaï
A member of the Turkic people who speak this language.

Nogai /noʊˈɡaɪ/ pn
nogaï
A Turkic language spoken in the northern Caucasus region of southwestern Russia and in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.

Noh Nohs n
nô
(uncountable) A kind of classical Japanese musical drama.

Nome /noʊm/ pn
Nome
A seaport in West Alaska

Nord /nɔɚ/ /nɔɚd/ /nɔː/ /nɔːd/ pn
Nord département du Nord
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Nord-Pas-de-Calais pn
Nord-Pas-de-Calais
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Nordic /ˈnɔɹ.dɪk/ /ˈnɔː.dɪk/ more Nordic most Nordic adj
nordique
Of or relating to the Nordic countries.
Of or relating to the light colouring and tall stature of Nordic peoples.

Nordic combined n
combiné nordique
(skiing) An event in which individual skiers take part in runs on a cross-country skiing course and a ski jumping hill.

Nordic countries n
Scandinavie pays nordiques
the Nordic countries collectively

Nordic walking n
marche nordique
The sport of walking assisted with poles that resemble ski poles.

Norfolk Island /ˈnɔɹ.fɔk ˈaɪ.lənd/ /ˈnɔː.fək ˈaɪ.lənd/ pn
île Norfolk
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Norilsk pn
Norilsk
A city in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, second largest city north of the Arctic Circle.

Norma pn
Règle
(constellation) An inconspicuous constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a carpenter's square. It lies south of the constellations Scorpius and Centaurus.

Norman /ˈnɔɹmən/ /ˈnɔːmən/ adj
normand
Of or pertaining to Normandy or its inhabitants (present or past).

Norman /ˈnɔɹmən/ /ˈnɔːmən/ Normans n
Normand Normande
A person whose ancestors are from Normandy or who resides in Normandy.

Norman /ˈnɔɹmən/ /ˈnɔːmən/ pn
normand
The langue d'oïl variant, closely related to the French of Île-de-France (i.e. Paris), spoken in Normandy and the Channel Islands, and was for several centuries the ruling language of England (see Anglo-Norman).

Normandy /ˈnɔː(ɹ)məndi/ pn
Normandie
Ellipsis of Duchy of Normandy.

Norn Norns n
Norne
(Norse mythology) Any of the three goddesses of fate or destiny.

Norn pn
norne
An extinct North Germanic language once spoken on the Shetland and Orkney Islands.

Norse /noɹs/ /nɔːs/ /nɔːɹs/ [no̞ɹs] more Norse most Norse adj
norrois
Of or relating to the people, language and culture of Scandinavia.
nordique
Of or relating to the North Germanic group of languages.

Norse /noɹs/ /nɔːs/ /nɔːɹs/ [no̞ɹs] n
microscopique
(US, _, printing, rare, dated) A size of type between Saxon and excelsior, 2+1⁄2-point type.

North Africa pn
Afrique du Nord
The northern part of the continent of Africa, usually referring to specifically the regions north of the Sahara Desert where Arabic is widely spoken as a mother tongue.

North African adj
nord-africain
Of or pertaining to North Africa

North African North Africans n
Nord-Africain
Native or inhabitant of North Africa

North America /ˌnɔː(ɹ)θ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Amérique du Nord
The continent that is the northern part of the Americas; that part east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, north of South America and south of the Arctic Ocean.

North American adj
nord-américain
Of, or relating to North America.

North American North Americans n
nord-américain
An individual residing in or originating from North America.

North Atlantic pn
océan Atlantique Nord
The portion of the Atlantic Ocean that lies primarily between North America and the northeast coast of South America to the east, and Europe and the northwest coast of Africa to the west.

North Brabant pn
Brabant-Septentrional Brabant-du-Nord
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North Carolina /ˌnɔɹθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/ /ˌnɔɹθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæəˈlaːnə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæɹ.əˈlaɪn.ə/ /ˌnɔːθ kæɹəˈlaːnə/ pn
Caroline du Nord
TemplateParserError:LuaError situated on the east coast of the North American mainland north of South Carolina and south of Virginia. Capital: Raleigh.

North Caucasus pn
Caucase du Nord Ciscaucasie
the northern part of the Caucasus region between the Black and Caspian Seas and within European Russia.

North Channel pn
canal du Nord
The strait between Northern Ireland and southwestern Scotland, connecting the Irish Sea with the Atlantic Ocean.

North Dakota /ˈnɔɹθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/ pn
Dakota du Nord
University of North Dakota.

North East pn
Angleterre du Nord-Est
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North Frisian pn
frison septentrional frison du Nord
A Frisian language, or group of languages, spoken in coastal Germany and some parts of Denmark.

North Gyeongsang pn
Gyeongsang du Nord
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North Holland pn
Hollande-Septentrionale Hollande-du-Nord
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North India pn
Inde du Nord
The northern region of India, comprising the states of Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh, and the union territories of Delhi, Chandigarh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh. Often Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Bihar are included, as well.

North Indian more North Indian most North Indian adj
nord-indien

North Island pn
île du Nord
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North Karelia pn
Carélie du Nord
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North Korea /noɹθ ˌkəˈɹi.ə/ /nɔːθ ˌkəˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Corée du Nord
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North Korean adj
nord-coréen
Of, from, or pertaining to North Korea, the North Korean people or the North Korean language.

North Korean North Koreans n
Nord-Coréen Nord-Coréenne
A citizen or resident of North Korea.

North Levantine Arabic pn
Arabe levantin septentrional
A group of Eastern Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Syria, Lebanon, the north of Palestine, and Cyprus.

North Macedonia /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ /noɹθ ˌmæs.əˈdoʊn.jə/ /nɔːθ ˌmæs.əˈdəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Macédoine du Nord
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North Macedonian adj
nord-macédonien
of, or relating to North Macedonia

North Mesopotamian Arabic pn
arabe mésopotamien septentrional

North Ostrobothnia pn
Ostrobotnie du Nord

North Pole pn
pôle Nord
(geography) The Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole; the point which north is oriented towards, and therefore the northernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of 90°).

North Rhine-Westphalia pn
Rhénanie-du-Nord-Westphalie
The most populous of the 16 component states of Germany, located in the west of the country.

North Sea pn
mer du Nord Mer du Nord
A marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Britain (in the west), Scandinavia (in the east) and Germany, Netherlands, Belgium and France (in the south).

North Star pn
Étoile polaire
(astronomy) The current northern pole star, the star nearest the northern celestial pole, which has been Polaris for the last 1500 years.

North Vietnam pn
Nord-Vietnam Vietnam du Nord Viêt Nam du Nord

North York pn
North York
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North Yorkshire pn
Yorkshire du Nord
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Northern Cypriot adj
nord-chypriote
Of, from, or relating to Northern Cyprus.

Northern Cyprus pn
Chypre du Nord
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Northern Europe pn
Europe du Nord
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.

Northern European adj
nord-européen
Of, from, or pertaining to Northern Europe, its people, or its culture.

Northern Hemisphere Northern Hemispheres n
hémisphère nord hémisphère boréal
The hemisphere of the Earth (or any celestial body) to the north of its equator.

Northern Ireland /ˈnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaiə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Irlande du Nord
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Northern Mariana Islands /ˈnɔɹ.ðɚn ˌmɛɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈnɔː.ðən ˌmæɹ.iˈæn.ə ˈaɪ.ləndz/ pn
îles Mariannes du Nord Mariannes du Nord
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Northern Marianas pn
Mariannes du Nord îles Mariannes du Nord
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Northern Ndebele pn
ndébélé du Nord

Northern Palmyra pn
Palmyre du Nord
A nickname for Saint Petersburg.

Northern Rhodesia pn
Rhodésie du Nord
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Northern Sami pn
same du Nord
The most widely spoken Sami language; it is spoken in northern Norway, Sweden, and Finland. It includes three dialects: Torne, Finnmark and Sea Sami.

Northern Sea Route pn
passage du Nord-Est route maritime du nord
(geography) A shipping lane from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean along the Russian Arctic coast from the Barents Sea, along Siberia, to the Far East.

Northern Sotho pn
sotho du Nord
One of the Sotho languages, an official language in South Africa.

Northern Territory /ˈnɔːðən ˈtɛɹɪt(ə)ɹi/ pn
Territoire-du-Nord
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Northumberland /nɔː(ɹ).ˈθʌm.bə(ɹ).lənd/ pn
Northumberland
The most northerly county of England bordered by County Durham, Cumbria, Tyne and Wear, Scotland and the North Sea.

Northwest Territories pn
Territoires du Nord-Ouest
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Norvego- prefix
norvégio- norvégo-

Norway /ˈnɔɹ.weɪ/ /ˈnɔː.weɪ/ pn
Norvège
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Norway lemming Norway lemmings n
lemming des toundras lemming des toundras de Norvège
A lemming of species Lemmus lemmus, endemic of northern Scandinavia and northern Russia.

Norway lobster Norway lobsters n
langoustine
A small European lobster of the species Nephrops norvegicus.

Norway maple Norway maples n
érable plane
Acer platanoides, a species of maple native to most of Europe, the Caucasus and northern Turkey.

Norway spruce Norway spruces n
épicéa commun épinette de Norvège
A species of spruce native to Europe and naturalized in temperate northeastern North America, Picea abies.

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ more Norwegian most Norwegian adj
norvégien
Of or pertaining to Norway (the country)
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian people
norvégien norvégophone
Of or pertaining to the Norwegian language

Norwegian /nɔɹ.ˈwi.d͡ʒən/ /nɔː.ˈwiː.d͡ʒən/ Norwegians n
Norvégien Norvégienne norvégien
A native of Norway.
norvégien
(uncountable) The language of Norway, which has two official forms (written standards): Bokmål and Nynorsk.

Norwegian Sea pn
mer de Norvège
The northernmost part of the Atlantic Ocean, located northwest of Norway.

Nostratic /nɑːˈstɹætɪk/ /nɒˈstɹætɪk/ pn
nostratique
A conjectural and not widely accepted grouping of languages including the Indo-European, Uralic, Altaic, Chukchi-Kamchatkan, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian, Elamite, Sumerian, Kartvelian, and Afroasiatic languages, and less commonly including the Aegean and Ainu languages as well.

Notre Dame /ˌnoʊ.tɚ ˈdeɪm/ /ˌnoʊ.tɹə ˈdɑːm/ /ˌnɒ.tɹə ˈdeɪm/ /ˌnɒ.tɹə ˈdæm/ /ˌnɒ.tɹə ˈdɑːm/ /ˌnɔ.tɹə ˈdäːm/ pn
Notre-Dame Notre-Dame de Paris
Notre-Dame de Paris.
University of Notre Dame.

Nottinghamian adj
nottinghamien

Nouakchott /nuːɑːkˈʃɒt/ /nwɑːkˈʃɒt/ pn
Nouakchott
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Nouméa /nuːˈmeɪ.ə/ pn
Nouméa
The capital of the French overseas possession New Caledonia, a natural South Sea port on its main island

Nouvelle-Aquitaine pn
Nouvelle-Aquitaine
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Nov pn
nov.
abbreviation of November

Nova Kakhovka pn
Nova Kakhovka Novaïa Kakhovka
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Nova Scotia /ˌnoʊ.və ˈskoʊ.ʃə/ /ˌnəʊ.və ˈskəʊ.ʃə/ pn
Nouvelle-Écosse
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Nova Scotian adj
néo-écossais
Of or pertaining to the Canadian province of Nova Scotia.

Nova Scotian Nova Scotians n
Néo-Écossais Néo-Écossaise
A native or inhabitant of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Novara pn
Novare
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Novatian more Novatian most Novatian adj
novatien
relating to the heresiarch Novatian (see above) and/or his schismatic sect, Novatianism

Novatian pn
Novatien
A Roman priest, who became an antipope against St. Cornelius in 251 AD, and considered by the Catholic Church to be a schismatic heresiarch as founder of a Christian sect known as Novatianism

Novaya Zemlya pn
Nouvelle-Zemble
An archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the north of Russia, administered by Arkhangelsk oblast.

November /noʊˈvɛmbɚ/ /nəʊˈvɛmbə/ /nəˈvɛmbə/ Novembers pn
novembre
The eleventh month of the Gregorian calendar, following October and preceding December. Abbreviation: Nov or Nov.

Novempopulania pn
Novempopulanie
An ancient Roman province in southwestern Europe.

Novgorod /ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Novgorod
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Novi Sad pn
Novi Sad
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Novokuznetsk pn
Novokouznetsk
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Novorossiya pn
Nouvelle Russie
(historical) An area north of the Black Sea which was conquered by the Russian Empire at the end of the 18th century, located in present-day Ukraine.

Novorossiysk pn
Novorosiïsk
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Novosibirsk pn
Novossibirsk
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Nowheresville Nowheresvilles n
Perpète-la-Galette Perpète-les-Alouettes Perpète-les-Andouillettes Perpète-les-Bains Perpète-les-Oies Pétaouchnok
(slang, pejorative, humorous) A geographical location that is deemed obscure or unimportant.

Nowruz /noʊ̯ˈɹuz/ /nəʊ̯ˈɹuːz/ pn
Norouz
New Year in the Iranian/Zoroastrian calendar, celebrated on the spring equinox.

Noyal-Pontivy pn
Noyal-Pontivy
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Nubia pn
Nubie
The region of the valley of the upper Nile, now part of Sudan (Upper Nubia) and far-southern Egypt (Lower Nubia);(by extension, historical) the polity ruling said region.

Numbers pn
Nombres
The Book of Numbers, the fourth of the Books of Moses in the Old Testament of the Bible, the fourth book in the Torah.

Numidia /n(j)uˈmɪdiə/ pn
Numidie
An ancient Berber kingdom located in northern Africa.

Numidian /n(j)uˈmɪdiən/ more Numidian most Numidian adj
numide
Of or pertaining to Numidia or its inhabitants.

Nunavummiuq Nunavummiut n
Nunavois Nunavoise Nunavummiuq Nunavutois Nunavutoise

Nunavut /ˈn(j)uːnəˌvuːt/ /ˈnʊnəvʊt/ /ˈnʌnəvət/ pn
Nunavut
A territory in northern Canada which has Iqaluit as its capital.

Nuns' Island pn
Île des Sœurs Île-des-Sœurs
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Nuoro pn
Nuoro
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Nur-Sultan /ˈnʊəsəltɑːn/ /ˈnʊɹsəlˌtɑːn/ /ˌnʊəsəlˈtɑːn/ pn
Nour-Soultan Noursoultan
used from 2019 to 2022.

Nuragic more Nuragic most Nuragic adj
nuragique
Of or relating to a civilization of Sardinia, which lasted from the Mediterranean Bronze Age until the 2nd century CE and built monuments of a type called nuraghe.

Nuremberg /ˈn(j)ʊɹəmbɚɡ/ /ˈnjʊəɹəmbəɡ/ pn
Nuremberg
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The trial of Nazi criminals that took place there, after World War II.

Nuuk pn
Nuuk
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Nyankole pn
runyankole
The Bantu lect spoken by more than two million members of the Nkore (Banyankore) and Hema (Hima) peoples of southwestern Uganda, closely related to the Kiga language and sometimes considered with Kiga to be a dialect of Nkore-Kiga, or (with Kiga, Nyoro and Tooro) a dialect of Kitara.

Nynorsk /ˈninɔɹsk/ /ˈniːnɔːsk/ /ˈnjuːnɔːsk/ /ˈnunɔɹsk/ pn
nynorsk néo-norvégien
One of the two major written standards (language variants) of Norwegian.

Nyon pn
Nyon
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Nysa pn
Nysa
(astronomy) 44 Nysa, a main belt asteroid.

Nyx pn
Nyx
(Greek mythology) The primordial goddess of night.

Nyírtass pn
Nyírtass Tash Tass Tosh
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Nérac pn
Nérac
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Nîmes pn
Nîmes
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O /oʊ/ /əʊ/ particle
ô
The vocative particle, used for direct address.

O'Bansawin O'Bansawins pn
Obonsawin

O-ring O-rings n
joint torique
A circular gasket, usually made of rubber.

OAS pn
OEA
Initialism of Organization of American States.

OECD pn
OCDE
Initialism of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

OHIM /ˈoʊhɪm/ /ˈəʊhɪm/ pn
OHMI
Acronym of Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market.

OHS n
SST
Initialism of occupational health and safety.

OIC pn
OCI
Initialism of Organization of Islamic Cooperation.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ more OK most OK adj
avoir le droit de bien permis pouvoir
All right, acceptable, permitted.
acceptable correct pas mal passable
Satisfactory, reasonably good; not exceptional.
ça va
In good health or a good emotional state.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ more OK most OK adv
convenablement correctement pas mal
Satisfactorily, sufficiently well.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ interjection
d'accord OK entendu
Used to indicate acknowledgement or acceptance.
OK d'accord bon
Used to introduce a sentence in order to draw attention to the importance of what is being said.
OK d'accord
Used in turn-taking, serving as a request to the speaker to grant the turn to the interrupter.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ OK's OKs n
OK accord bénédiction feu vert
Endorsement; approval; acceptance; acquiescence.

OK /əˈkeɪ/ /ˌoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˌəʊˈkeɪ/ v
accord approuver aval avaliser feu vert
(transitive) To approve; to accept; to acquiesce to.
OK valider
(transitive, computing) To confirm by activating a button marked OK.

OLED /ˈəʊlɛd/ /ˌəʊ ˌɛl ˌiː ˈdiː/ OLEDs n
DELO OLED

OODA phraseologicalUnit
OODA
(military) Initialism of Observe, Orient, Decide, and Act (a decision cycle for military combat operations and other processes)

OPCW pn
OIAC
(law, military) Initialism of Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons.

OPSEU /oʊpiˈsiju/ pn
SEFPO

OSSTF pn
FEESO

OST OSTs n
BO
Initialism of original soundtrack.

Oakland /ˈoʊklənd/ pn
Oakland
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Oakville pn
Oakville
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Obadiah /ˌoʊbəˈdaɪə/ pn
Abdias
A book of the Old Testament of the Bible, and of the Tanakh.

Obama /oʊˈbɑ.mə/ /əʊˈbɑː.mə/ Obamas pn
Obama
An African surname from Luo.

Obamamania n
obamania
(US politics, neologism) Fervent admiration of Barack Obama.

Oberkorn pn
Obercorn
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Oberon /ˈoʊbərɒn/ pn
Obéron
(astronomy, moons) The outermost major moon of Uranus.

Obwalden pn
Obwald
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Occam's razor pn
rasoir d'Occam
(epistemology) The principle of preferring the simplest of competing theories.

Occidental pn
occidental
An artificial language, created by Edgar de Wahl later renamed Interlingue shortly before the publication of Interlingua

Occidental Mindoro pn
Mindoro occidental
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Occitan /ˈɑksəˌtæn/ /ˈɑksɪˌtæn/ /ˈɒksəˌtæn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtæn/ more Occitan most Occitan adj
occitan

Occitan /ˈɑksəˌtæn/ /ˈɑksɪˌtæn/ /ˈɒksəˌtæn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtæn/ pn
occitan langue d'oc
A Romance language spoken in Occitania, a region of Europe that includes Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy.

Occitania pn
Occitanie
A region of Europe corresponding to Southern France, Auvergne, Limousin, and some parts of Catalonia and Italy, where the Occitan language was widely spoken and is still spoken.

Occitanie pn
Occitanie
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Ocean of Storms pn
Océan des Tempêtes
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Oceania /-njə/ /ˌoʊ.ʃiˈæn.i.ə/ /ˌɐʉ.ʃiːˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʉ.ʃiˈaː.ni.ə/ /ˌəʊ.ʃiˈɑː.nɪə/ pn
Océanie
A geographical region or continent composed of many islands (Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia) plus Australasia. It is located between Asia, Antarctica and the Americas.

Oceanian adj
océanien
From or relating to Oceania (geographical region or continent).

Oceanid Oceanides Oceanids n
océanide
(Greek god) Any of the sea nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Tethys

Oceanus /oʊˈsiːənəs/ pn
Océan
(Greek god) Personification of vast waters or the world ocean. He was the first-born of the Titans, son of Uranus and Gaia, the god that encircled the earth. With his sister-wife, Tethys, he fathered all rivers and the Oceanids.

Ocon Ocons pn
Ocon

Oct pn
oct.
abbreviation of October

Octans pn
Octant
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an octant. It lies closest to the southern celestial pole of any constellation.

Octavia /ək.ˈteɪ.viə/ pn
Octavie
A en given name, in quiet use since the Middle Ages.

Octavian /ɒkˈteɪvi.ən/ pn
Octavien
(historical) A en given name, notably borne by Augustus (Caesar) between 44 and 27 BCE

Octavius /ɒkˈteɪvɪəs/ pn
Octave
A en given name, in occasional use.

October /ɑkˈtoʊbəɹ/ /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ [ɑkˈtʰoʊbɚ] Octobers pn
octobre
The tenth month of the Gregorian calendar, following September and preceding November. Abbreviation: Oct.

Odaenathus pn
Odénat

Odense pn
Odense
Odense, the largest city in Region of Southern Denmark (Region Syddanmark) and third-largest city in Denmark.

Oder pn
Oder
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Odessa /əʊˈdɛsə/ pn
Odessa
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Odessite adj
odessite

Odessite Odessites n
Odessite

Odin /oʊdɪn/ /əʊdɪn/ pn
Odin
(Norse mythology, and, paganism) A major Germanic god, often described as chief of the pantheon, in his Norse form a member of the Æsir, married to Frigg and associated with knowledge, poetry and war. Wednesday refers to him by way of interpretatio germanica.

Odisha /oː.ɖɪ.ˈʃaː/ pn
Orissa
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Odjick /ˈoʊdʒɪk/ Odjicks pn
Odjick

Odoacer /ˌoʊdoʊˈeɪsər/ /ˌɒdəʊˈeɪsə/ pn
Odoacre
Flavius Odoacer, the first king of Italy

Odyssean more Odyssean most Odyssean adj
odysséen
Of or pertaining to the Odyssey, an Ancient Greek epic poem by Homer.

Odysseus /oʊˈdɪsi.əs/ /oʊˈdɪsjuːs/ /əˈdɪsjuːs/ pn
Ulysse Odysseus
(Greek mythology) The son of Laertes and Anticlea and father of Telemachus. A Greek leader during the Trojan War, he was responsible for the Trojan horse. He was also king of Ithaca, hero of the Iliad and protagonist of the Odyssey.

Odyssey /ˈɑ.də.si/ /ˈɑ.dɪ.si/ /ˈɒ.də.si/ pn
Odyssée
An epic poem, ascribed to Homer, that describes the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy.

Oedipal /ˈidəpəl/ /ˈidəpɛl/ /ˈɛdəpəl/ /ˈɛdəpɛl/ adj
œdipien
(psychoanalysis) Of or relating to the Oedipus complex.

Oedipus /ˈiːdɪpəs/ /ˈɛdɪpəs/ pn
Œdipe
(Greek mythology) A son of Laius and Jocasta, who unwittingly killed his father and married his mother.

Oedipus complex /ˈidəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ /ˈɛdəpəs ˈkɒmplɛks/ Oedipus complexes n
complexe d’Œdipe
(psychoanalysis) In Freudian theory, the complex of emotions aroused in a child by an unconscious sexual desire for the parent of the opposite sex.

Oenomaus pn
Œnomaos Œnomaüs

Oghuz /oʊˈɡuːz/ n
Oghouzes
A group of south-western Turkic people, including the Turks and Turkmens

Ogier Ogiers pn
Ogier

Ogossagou pn
Ogossagou
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Ohm's law pn
loi d'Ohm
(physics) Ohm's observation that the direct current flowing in an electrical circuit consisting only of resistances is directly proportional to the voltage applied.

Ohrid /ˈɒx.ɹɪd/ /ˈəʊx.ɹɪd/ pn
Ohrid
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Oise /wɑːz/ pn
Oise
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Ojibwe /əˈdʒɪbweɪ/ Ojibwe Ojibwes pn
ojibwé
The language spoken by the native Algonquin people of central Canada, one of a closely related group of languages and dialects of the Algonquian branch of the Algic language family.
ojibwé ojibwée ojibwées ojibwés
A member of a native Algonquin people of central Canada.

Okazaki fragment Okazaki fragments n
fragment d'Okazaki
(genetics, often, _, in the plural) One of many short, newly synthesized DNA fragments formed on the lagging template strand (i.e. lagging strand) during DNA replication.

Okhrana pn
Okhrana
(historical) A secret police force of the Russian Empire.

Okinawa rail Okinawa rails n
râle d'Okinawa
A species of rail, Gallirallus okinawae, endemic to Okinawa Island in Japan.

Okinawan pn
okinawaïen
A Ryukyuan language of Okinawa.

Oklahoma /ˌoʊk.ləˈhoʊ.mə/ pn
Oklahoma
Two communities in the United States, named for the state or territory:

Old Armenian pn
arménien ancien arménien classique
The oldest attested form of the Armenian language, first written down at the beginning of the 5th century AD and spoken until 12th century; then replaced by Middle Armenian. Served as a literary language until the 18-19th centuries. Partly intelligible to speakers of modern Armenian.

Old Belarusian pn
vieux biélorusse
The Old East Slavic language.

Old Believer Old Believers n
vieux-croyant vieille-croyante vieille-ritualiste vieux-ritualiste
(religion) Any of those who separated from the official Russian Orthodox Church after 1666 as a protest against the church reforms introduced by Patriarch Nikon between 1652 and 1666. They continue liturgical and ritual practices which predate the reforms.

Old Catalan pn
ancien catalan vieux catalan
The Catalan language as it existed in the Middle Ages.

Old Catholic adj
vieux-catholique
Pertaining to a group of churches that split from the Roman Catholic Church over the dogma of papal infallibility, which they did not agree with.

Old Church Slavonic pn
vieux-slave
The first literary and liturgical Slavic language.

Old Cleeve pn
Old Cleeve

Old Cornish pn
vieux cornique

Old Danish pn
vieux danois
Old East Norse dialect (also sometimes considered a separate language, several other names are used as well) as spoken from the 9th to 11th centuries in Denmark

Old Dutch pn
vieux néerlandais
A branch of Old Low Franconian, with a Frisian substrate, spoken and written during the Middle Ages (c. 9th to 12th century) in the Netherlands and the northern part of present-day Belgium, as well as in areas of northern France along the North Sea coast and adjoining Belgium. This language represents the first attested stage of the Dutch language and its dialects, being succeeded by Middle Dutch in the later Middle Ages.

Old East Slavic pn
vieux slave oriental
(historical) A Slavic language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries by East Slavs in the state of Kievan Rus and its successors. The ancestor of Belarusian, Russian, Rusyn and Ukrainian.

Old English pn
anglo-saxon vieil anglais
(linguistics, history) The ancestor language of Modern English, also called Anglo-Saxon, spoken in most of Britain from about 400 to 1100.

Old English Sheepdog Old English Sheepdogs n
berger anglais ancestral
A herding dog of a particular breed (also used as a pet), with shaggy grey and white fur also covering its face, and a docked tail.

Old French pn
ancien français vieux français
The French language as spoken or written from the 9th to the early 14th century.

Old Greek pn
vieux grec
A form of the Greek language intermediate between Ancient Greek and Modern Greek; spoken roughly between the 1st and 16th centuries.

Old High German pn
vieux haut-allemand
The early recorded form of the High German language, spoken from the 8th century to the 12th century.

Old Hungarian pn
vieux hongrois
The form of Hungarian used from the 10th to the 15th century.

Old Icelandic pn
vieil islandais
The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Iceland in the Middle Ages, quite similar to Old Norwegian, but differing most markedly in orthography and, to a lesser extent, in phonology.

Old Irish pn
vieil irlandais
The Irish language as attested from the sixth to the tenth centuries C.E., the oldest form of the Goidelic languages for which extensive texts (written in the Latin alphabet) are extant.

Old Italian pn
vieil italien
The continuum of languages derived from Vulgar Latin spoken in the Italian peninsula between circa 960 and the establishment of the Accademia della Crusca in 1582.

Old Japanese pn
vieux japonais ancien japonais haut japonais
the oldest stage of the Japanese language; spoken through the 8th century and followed by Late Old Japanese

Old Javanese n
ancien javanais vieux javanais

Old Korean pn
vieux coréen ancien coréen
The language spoken in Korea and written in hanja, which evolved into Middle Korean by the 10th or 13th century, depending on the analysis.

Old Latin pn
latin archaïque
The Latin language in the period before the age of Classical Latin; particularly Latin before 75 BC.

Old Low Franconian pn
vieux bas francique
The West Germanic language that is the ancestor of modern Dutch and its varieties.

Old Maid /əʊld meɪd/ Old Maids n
pouilleux vieux garçon
(uncountable) A children's card game, sometimes played with a special deck, where the object of the game is for each player to find matches for all the cards in his hand, without being stuck with the single unmatchable card.

Old Norman pn
vieux normand

Old Norse pn
vieux norrois norois norrois vieil islandais vieux norois vieux norvégien
The language of Scandinavia until the 14th century, the common ancestor of modern Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Faroese, and Icelandic.

Old Norwegian pn
vieux norvégien
The Old Norse language as spoken and written in Norway in the Middle Ages.

Old Novgorodian pn
vieux novgorodien
A dialect used in Old East Slavic birch-bark writings found around Novgorod, having some archaic features that were lost in other Slavic dialects.

Old Persian pn
vieux perse vieux-perse
The ancestor language of Middle Persian, and via it of New Persian language. Attested in Old Persian cuneiform, in the period 525 B.C.E. - 300 B.C.E..

Old Picard pn
vieux picard

Old Prussian pn
vieux prussien
An extinct Baltic language, once spoken by the Old Prussians, the indigenous peoples of the historical region of Prussia (now north-eastern Poland, the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia and Lithuania).

Old Russian pn
vieux russe

Old Saxon n
vieux saxon
A west Germanic language historically tied to Anglo-Saxon and Old Low Franconian.

Old South Arabian adj
sud-arabique sudarabique
related to the Old South Arabian languages.
related to the Ancient South Arabian script.

Old Spanish n
castillan ancien vieil espagnol
Western Ibero-Romance language that was spoken on the Iberian Peninsula from the 10th century until roughly the beginning of the 15th century, before a consonantic readjustment gave rise to the evolution of Modern Spanish, differentiating Spanish proper from Judæo-Spanish and Haketia.

Old Swedish pn
ancien suédois vieux suédois
The medieval form of the Swedish language, markedly different from the modern language in having more complex case and gender systems.

Old Testament pn
Ancien Testament
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The first major part of the Christian Bible, covering events before the coming of Christ, corresponding roughly to the Jewish Tanakh. Usually subdivided into the categories of law, history, poetry (or wisdom books), and prophecy.

Old Tibetan pn
tibétain ancien vieux tibétain

Old Tupi pn
tupi ancien vieux tupi
An extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the native Tupi people of Brazil.

Old Turkic pn
vieux-turc
The earliest attested Turkic language, found in inscriptions by the Göktürks and the Uyghurs in ca. the 7th to 13th centuries.

Old Ukrainian pn
vieil ukrainien
The Old East Slavic language.

Old Welsh pn
vieux gallois
The Welsh language as it existed from about 800 until the early twelfth century (when it developed into Middle Welsh), not readily intelligible to modern Welsh speakers.

Old World pn
Ancien Monde Vieux Monde
The Eastern Hemisphere, especially Europe, Africa and Asia.

Old World monkey Old World monkeys n
singe de l'Ancien Monde
A member of a group of primates, falling in the superfamily Cercopithecoidea in the clade Catarrhini.

Oleksandrivsk pn
Olexandrivsk
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Olenekian pn
Olenekien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Triassic period.

Oliver /ˈɑlɪvɚ/ /ˈɒlɪvə/ Olivers pn
Olivier
A en given name.

Olivia /oʊˈlɪvi.ə/ /əʊˈlɪvi.ə/ /əˈlɪ.vi.ə/ pn
Olivia Olive
A en given name.

Olivier salad Olivier salads n
salade russe
A traditional Russian salad of mainly boiled vegetables dressed with mayonnaise.

Olomouc Region pn
Région d'Olomouc
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Olonets pn
olonetsien
A variety of the Karelian language mainly spoken in the area between Lake Ladoga and Lake Onega.

Olsztyn /ˈɒlʃtɪn/ pn
Olsztyn
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Oltenia /oʊlˈtɛni.ə/ pn
Olténie
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Olympia /əˈlɪmpi.ə/ pn
Olympe Olympie
A en given name; quite rare in English.

Olympiad /-əd/ /oʊˈlɪmpiˌæd/ /əˈlɪmpiæd/ Olympiads n
olympiade
(by, _, extension, usually, _, preceded, _) A competition aspiring to the importance of the Olympic Games or considered similar to them, especially one occurring at 4-year intervals, representing a national or international range of amateur student rather than professional adult competition, and/or requiring the highest level of ability in the field for success.

Olympian /əˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /əˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ more Olympian most Olympian adj
olympien
(not comparable) Of or relating to Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece; or (Greek mythology) the Greek gods and goddesses who were believed to live there.

Olympian /əˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /əˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ Olympians n
olympien olympienne
(Greek mythology) Any of the 12 principal gods and goddesses of the Greek pantheon (Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Demeter, and Hades); (specifically) preceded by the: Zeus, the supreme ruler of the Greek deities.
(historical) A sportsperson competing in the ancient Olympic Games.
A sportsperson competing in the modern Olympic Games.

Olympic /oʊˈlɪm.pɪk/ /əˈlɪm.pɪk/ adj
olympique
(rare) Of or pertaining to Olympus, a mountain of Thessaly, fabled as the seat of the gods.

Olympic Games pn
Jeux olympiques
An international multi-sport event (inspired by the ancient festival) taking place every fourth year. [from 19th c.]

Olympic Rings n
anneaux olympiques
A symbol consisting of five interlocking colored rings, each one representing a continent that competes in the Olympic Games.

Olympic Winter Games pn
Jeux Olympiques d'hiver
The winter counterpart to the summer Olympic Games, featuring winter sports.

Olympic athletes from Russia pn
athlètes olympiques de Russie

Olympics pn
Olympiades Olympiques
The Olympic Games.

Olympus /əˈlɪmpəs/ pn
Olympe
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Olynthus /oˈlin.tus/ /oˈlyn.tʰus/ [oˈlin̪t̪us] [ɔˈlʲʏn̪t̪ʰʊs̠] pn
Olynthe
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Oléron pn
Oléron
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Om Ali Om Alis n
Om Ali
A traditional Egyptian dessert resembling bread pudding, typically made with layers of puff pastry or phyllo dough, milk, nuts (such as almonds, pistachios, or hazelnuts), and sometimes raisins or coconut. It is baked until golden and served warm, often garnished with additional nuts, powdered sugar, or whipped cream.

Oman /oʊˈmæn/ /oʊˈmɑn/ /əʊˈmɑːn/ /əˈmɑːn/ pn
Oman
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Omani adj
omanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Oman or the Omani people.

Omani Omanis n
Omanais Omanaise
A person from Oman or of Omani descent.

Ome pn
Ome
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Omicron variant n
variante omicron
The highly virulent B.1.1.529 strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19.

Omsk pn
Omsk
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Ondine's curse pn
syndrome d'Ondine
(disease) A medical condition marked by malfunction of the nerves that control involuntary body functions, causing breathing to require conscious effort and therefore meaning patients will die if they fall asleep.

Onega pn
lac Onega
a freshwater lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast

Ontarian Ontarians n
Ontarien Ontarienne
A native or inhabitant of Ontario, Canada

Ontario /ɑnˈtɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ /ɒnˈtæɹ.i.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.o/ /ɒnˈtɛə.ɹi.əʊ/ pn
Ontario
A lake, Lake Ontario, between Ontario province and New York State.

Oort Cloud /ˈɔːrt klaʊd/ pn
nuage de Oort
(astronomy) The Solar System's Oort cloud, extending from 50,000 to 100,000 astronomical units (approximately 1 light year) from the sun; supposedly the source of most comets around the Solar System.

Opatrny pn
Opatrny

Open Game Open Games n
début ouvert

Ophelia /oʊˈfi.li.ə/ /oʊˈfi.əl.jə/ /ɒˈfiː.lɪə/ /əʊˈfiː.lɪə/ /əˈfiː.lɪə/ pn
Ophélie
A en given name

Ophiotaurus n
Ophiotauros
(Greek mythology) A mythical creature, part bull and part serpent.

Ophiuchus /ˌoʊ.fiˈjuː.kəs/ /ˌɑf.iˈjuː.kəs/ pn
Serpentaire Ophiuchus
(zodiac constellations) A zodiacal constellation of the northern summer said to depict a man (Asclepius) holding a serpent; the serpent is the constellation Serpens.

Oporto /əˈpɔː(ɹ)təʊ/ pn
Porto
alternative name for Porto, the second-largest city of Portugal.

Oppenheimer /ˈɒpənˌhaɪmər/ Oppenheimers pn
Oppenheimer
A surname from German.

Oran pn
Oran
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Orange /ˈɑɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒ.ɹɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ pn
Orange
The City of Orange, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Orange Free State pn
Orange État libre d'Orange
(historical) A former province of South Africa (1910–1994), now the province of Free State.

Orange Shirt Day Orange Shirt Days pn
Jour du chandail orange Journée du t-shirt orange
(Canada, politics, memorials) September 30th; A national observance in remembrance of the time of year that Indigenous children were forcibly removed from Native homes to be forced into schools to assimilate into the colonizer's culture and lose their birth culture; and the cultural genocide and deaths of children at the schools, caused by the residential school system. Observers frequently wear orange shirts to stand in solidarity with survivors of the residential schools. First observed in 2013.

Orange-Nassau pn
Orange-Nassau
The royal house or family of the Netherlands.

Oranjestad /ɒˈɹænjəstɑːt/ /ɔːˈɹɑːnjəstɑːt/ pn
Oranjestad
The capital city of Aruba.
The capital city of Sint Eustatius.

Orcadian /ɔː(ɹ)ˈkeɪ.diː.ən/ more Orcadian most Orcadian adj
orcadien
Of or relating to the Orkney Islands.

Orcadian /ɔː(ɹ)ˈkeɪ.diː.ən/ Orcadians n
Orcadien Orcadienne
Someone from the Orkney Islands.

Orchies pn
Orchies
A commune in the département of Nord, in the region of Hauts-de-France, in France, near its border with Belgium.

Orchomenos pn
Orchomène
A city in north central Arcadia in Greece 20 km north of Tripoli

Orcus /ˈɔːrkəs/ pn
Orcus
(Roman god) The Etruscan and Roman god of the underworld.
(astronomy) A large planetoid (possibly a dwarf planet) and plutino, sometimes referred to as the “anti-Pluto”. Its moon is Vanth.

Order of Australia pn
ordre d'Australie
(chiefly, Australia, UK) An order of chivalry established for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for outstanding achievement. [Established 1975.]

Ordinary Time pn
temps ordinaire
(Christianity) A season of the Christian liturgical calendar, celebrated in two segments: from the Monday following the baptism of Jesus Christ up to Ash Wednesday; and from Pentecost Monday to the first Sunday of Advent.

Ore Mountains pn
monts Métallifères
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Oregon /ˈɑɹɪɡən/ /ˈɒɹɪɡən/ /ˈɔɹəɡɪn/ /ˈɔɹɡən/ /ˈɔɹɪɡɑn/ /ˈɔɹɪɡən/ pn
Orégon Oregon
Several other locations in the United States:

Oregonian adj
orégonais orégonien
Of or pertaining to Oregon.

Oregonian Oregonians n
Orégonais Orégonien
A native or resident of the state of Oregon in the United States of America.

Orenburg pn
Orenbourg
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Oriental /ɒɹiˈɛntəl/ /ɔːɹiˈɛntəl/ more Oriental most Oriental adj
oriental
Pertaining to the regions east of the Mediterranean, beyond the Roman Empire or the early Christian world; of the Near East, the Middle East or the Far East, now especially relating to East Asia. [from 15th c.]

Oriental /ɒɹiˈɛntəl/ /ɔːɹiˈɛntəl/ Orientals n
Oriental
(archaic) A person from the eastern region of a place. [15th–19th c.]

Oriental Mindoro pn
Mindoro oriental
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Oriental Republic of Uruguay pn
République orientale de l'Uruguay
The official name of Uruguay.

Oriental studies n
orientalisme orientologie orientalistique
(humanities) an academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures, languages, peoples, history and archaeology

Orinoco /ˌoɹ.ɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌoʊ.ɹɪˈnoʊ.koʊ/ /ˌɒɹɪˈnəʊkəʊ/ pn
Orénoque
The Orinoco river basin of Venezuela.

Orion /oʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /ɒˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əʊˈɹaɪ.ən/ /əˈɹaɪ.ən/ Orions pn
Orion
(Greek mythology) A giant-hunter, pursuer of the Pleiades and lover of Eos, and killed by Artemis.
(constellation) A constellation on the celestial equator close to Gemini and Taurus, containing the stars Betelgeuse and Rigel.

Orion's Belt pn
Baudrier d'Orion Ceinture d'Orion
(constellation) A bright asterism located near the celestial equator; it consists of three bright stars lined up and visibly close together. It is part of the constellation Orion and includes the stars Alnitak (ζ Ori), Alnilam (ε Ori), and Mintaka (δ Ori).

Oristano pn
Oristano
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Oriya pn
oriya
Odia, the language spoken in the state of Odisha, India.

Orkney Islands pn
Orcades
TemplateParserError:LuaError comprising these islands.

Orleans /ˈɔɹ.li.ənz/ /ˈɔɹ.liːnz/ /ˈɔː.li.ənz/ pn
Orléans
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Orleans County /ɔɹˈliːnz ˈkaʊn.ti/ pn
comté d'Orleans
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Orlon n
orlon
a synthetic fibre used in yarn and knitwear

Orne Ornes pn
Orne
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A surname from French.

Oroch /ɔːɹɔt͡ʃ/ pn
orotche
The moribund Tungusic language spoken by the Oroch.

Oromo /ɔːˈroʊmoʊ/ /ˈɒrəmoʊ/ Oromo Oromos n
Oromo
A member of a people of eastern Africa, Ethiopia and northern Kenya.

Oromo /ɔːˈroʊmoʊ/ /ˈɒrəmoʊ/ pn
oromo
The Cushitic language of this people.

Orontes /ɔːˈɹɒntiːz/ pn
Oronte Assi
TemplateParserError:LuaError, about 400 km (250 mi) long, flowing from Lebanon through Syria before entering the Mediterranean Sea near Samandağ in Turkey.

Orontian /ɔːˈɹɒnti.ən/ adj
orontien
Of or pertaining to the Orontes.

Orpheus /ˈɔɹfi.əs/ /ˈɔɹfjuːs/ pn
Orphée
(Greek mythology) A Thracian musician and poet, who failed to retrieve his wife Eurydice from Hades.

Orphic more Orphic most Orphic adj
orphique
(Greek mythology) Of or pertaining to Orphism and its doctrines and rituals.

Orphism pn
orphisme
(religion, Ancient Greece) A religious movement in antiquity, supposed to have been founded by Orpheus.
cubisme orphique orphisme
(arts) A minor Cubist art movement focusing on pure abstraction and bright colours.

Orthodox more Orthodox most Orthodox adj
orthodoxe
(Christianity, loosely) Of or pertaining to a particular Orthodox Church, usually the Eastern Orthodox Church, sometimes the Oriental Orthodox Church or the Church of the East.

Orthodox Christianity pn
christianisme orthodoxe

Orthodox Church Orthodox Churches n
Église orthodoxe
The Eastern body of Christendom

Orthodox Judaism pn
judaïsme orthodoxe
The most traditional Rabbinic branch of Judaism, characterized by the belief in the continued relevance and binding nature of the Rabbinic interpretation of Jewish law.

Orthodoxy /ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/ /ˈɔːθədɒksi/ pn
orthodoxie
The aggregate of the definitive elements of the Eastern Orthodox Church, such as its faith, worship, theology, and traditions.

Orthrus pn
Orthos
(Greek mythology) A two-headed dog who guarded Geryon's cattle and was killed by Heracles.

Orwellian /ɔɹˈwɛli.ən/ /ɔːˈwɛli.ən/ more Orwellian most Orwellian adj
orwellien
Resembling the totalitarian political methods decried in the works of writer George Orwell, particularly in the dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four; characterized by use of misleading terminology, propaganda, censorship, surveillance and repression. [1950]

Oryol pn
Orel Oriol
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Osage /ˈoʊseɪd͡ʒ/ Osage Osages pn
Osage
Of, from, or pertaining to the Osage language.

Osaka /oʊˈsɑ.kə/ /əʊˈsæ.kə/ /əʊˈsɑːkə/ pn
Osaka
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Osakan /oʊˈsɑkən/ /əʊˈsɑːkən/ Osakans n
Osakien Osakienne osakien osakienne
An inhabitant or native of Osaka.

Oscan /ˈɑːskən/ /ˈɒskən/ adj
osque
Of or pertaining to the Oscan language or Oscan people, or their writing system.

Oscan /ˈɑːskən/ /ˈɒskən/ Oscans n
Osque
A member of an ancient group of Italic-speaking peoples of Campania (the Osci).

Oscan /ˈɑːskən/ /ˈɒskən/ pn
osque
The extinct language of the Oscan people.

Oscar /ˈɑs.kɚ/ /ˈɒs.kə/ pn
Oscar
A en given name.

Osh pn
Och
The second-largest city in Kyrgyzstan.

Oshawa /ˈɑʃəwə/ /ˈɒʃəwə/ pn
Oshawa
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Oshnavieh pn
Ochnaviyeh
A small town in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran.

Osiris /oʊˈsaɪɹɪs/ pn
Osiris
The Egyptian god of the dead and of the underworld.

Oslo /ˈɑsloʊ/ /ˈɑzloʊ/ /ˈɒzləʊ/ pn
Oslo
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Osloite adj
oslovien osloïte
Of, from, or pertaining to Oslo.

Osloite Osloites n
Oslovien Oslovienne Osloïte
Someone from Oslo.

Osmussaar pn
Osmussaar
Island in northwest Estonia, on the southern coast of Gulf of Finland.

Osroene pn
Osroène
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Osroenian more Osroenian most Osroenian adj
osroénien

Osroenian Osroenians n
Osroénien Osroénienne

Ossetia /ɑˈsi.ʃə/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ə/ /ɒˈsi(ː)ʃə/ /ɒˈsɛtɪə/ /əˈsɛt.i.ə/ /əˈsɛtɪə/ pn
Ossétie
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Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ adj
ossète
Of, or pertaining to Ossetia or Ossetians.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ Ossetians n
Ossète Ossétien Ossétienne
A member of the Iranian people inhabiting Ossetia.

Ossetian /ɑˈsi.ʃən/ /ɑˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɑˈsɛt.jən/ /ɒˈsi(ː).ʃən/ /ɒˈsɛt.i.ən/ /ɒˈsɛt.jən/ pn
ossète
The Eastern Iranian language spoken by these people.

Ossianesque more Ossianesque most Ossianesque adj
ossianesque

Ostend /ˈɒstˌɛnd/ pn
Ostende
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Ostrobothnia pn
Ostrobotnie
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Ostrogoth /ˈɒstrəɡɒθ/ Ostrogoths n
Ostrogoth
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Visigoths being the other), which invaded Italy in the sixth century

Oswald pn
Oswald
A en given name.

Other Others pn
autre autrui
(philosophy, psychoanalysis) Radical alterity or otherness conceived or reified as a separate entity; “other people” altogether in their difference from oneself.

Ottawa /ˈɑtəwə/ /ˈɑtəˌwɑ/ /ˈɒtəwɒ/ /ˈɒtəwə/ [ˈɑɾəwə] Ottawas n
outaouais
A member of the Ottawa people.

Ottawa /ˈɑtəwə/ /ˈɑtəˌwɑ/ /ˈɒtəwɒ/ /ˈɒtəwə/ [ˈɑɾəwə] pn
Outaouais
An Algonquian people closely related to the Ojibwe; also spelt Ottowa.
Ottawa
(by synecdoche, metonymy) The federal government of Canada.

Ottawan Ottawans n
Outaouais Outaouaise
A native or inhabitant of Ottawa, the capital city of Canada.

Otterhound Otterhounds n
chien a loutre
A dog of a particular breed of scent hound, originating in Britain.

Ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ adj
ottoman
Of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ Ottomans n
ottoman
A citizen of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottoman Empire /ˈɑtəmən ˈɛmpaɪɹ/ /ˈɒtəmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Empire ottoman
(historical) A large Turkish empire which began as a Turkish sultanate centered in modern Turkey; founded in the late 13th century, it lasted until the end of World War I.

Ottoman Turkish pn
turc osmanli
The variety of the Turkish language that was used as the administrative and literary language of the Ottoman Empire.

Ottonian adj
ottonien
Pertaining to a dynasty of Germanic kings including Otto the Great

Ouagadougou /ˈwɑːɡəˈduːɡuː/ pn
Ouagadougou
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Ouahigouya /wɑːˈhiː.ɡuː.jə/ /ˈwaɪ.ɡuː.jə/ pn
Ouahigouya
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Ouarzazate /ˌwɑːzəˈzæt/ /ˌwɑːzəˈzɑːt/ pn
Ouarzazate
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Ouija /ˈwiːd͡ʒi/ /ˈwiːd͡ʒə/ Ouijas n
Ouija
(countable) A board, having letters of the alphabet and the words yes and no; used with a planchette during a seance to "communicate" with spirits.

Our Lady pn
Notre Dame
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, particularly in Catholic contexts.

Our Lady of Sorrows pn
Notre-Dame des Douleurs Notre-Dame des Sept Douleurs
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her grief at the Crucifixion.

Outer Mongolia pn
Mongolie extérieure
Mongolia; a region south of Siberia, west of Manchuria and north of Inner Mongolia (with closely related native Mongolian population), well north of the Great Wall, which never became an integral part of the Chinese empire, and later achieved autonomy and full independence of China, as the republic of Mongolia

Outremont pn
Outremont
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Oval Office pn
Bureau ovale
The official office of the President of the United States, located in the West Wing of the White House.

Overijssel pn
Overijssel
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Ovid /ˈɑvɪd/ /ˈɒvɪd/ pn
Ovide
A 1st century BC Roman poet.

Ovidian more Ovidian most Ovidian adj
ovidien
Of or pertaining to the Latin poet Ovid; resembling the style of Ovid.

Owenism n
owénisme

Owenist adj
owéniste

Oxford /ˈɑksfɚd/ /ˈɒksfəd/ /ˈɔːksfəd/ pn
Oxford
An English habitational surname derived from the city in England.

Oxford shoe Oxford shoes n
Richelieu richelieu
A type of leather shoe with lacing seamlessly integrated into the vamp, giving it a formal appearance.

Oxfordian pn
Oxfordien
(geology) The age from 163.5±1.0 Ma to 157.3±1.0 Ma or the stage of rocks (chiefly coral-derived limestones) deposited during it.

Oxonian adj
oxonien
Of or pertaining to Oxford or to the University of Oxford.

Oymyakon pn
Oïmiakon
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PADS n
PADS syndrome de dépression post-Avatar
(fandom, neologism) Initialism of post-Avatar depression syndrome (“a feeling of depression brought upon by watching the 2009 epic science fiction film Avatar or its sequels, as a result of not being able to experience the movie's world in real life”). [from 2010]

PAH PAHs n
HAP
(organic chemistry) Initialism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

PAT pn
PAT
(Quebec) , a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada.

PCO pn
BCP
(government, Westministerian Parliament) Initialism of Privy Council Office.

PDA PDAs n
assistant personnel numérique
(computing theory) Initialism of pushdown automaton.

PETase n
PETase
An enzyme that breaks down polyethylene terephthalate through hydrolysis into mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate

PFLP pn
FPLP
(Palestine politics) Initialism of Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

PIE /piː.aɪ.iː/ adj
IE PIE pIE
(linguistics, anthropology, etc.) Initialism of Proto-Indo-European.

PIJ pn
JIP
Initialism of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.

PIN PINs n
PIN NIP numéro d'identification personnel
Acronym of personal identification number.

PLC PLCs n
SA
(countable, business) Initialism of public limited company.

PLC pn
CLP
(Palestinian politics) Initialism of Palestinian Legislative Council.

PMO PMOs n
CPM
(government, Canada, Australia, Singapore) Initialism of Prime Minister's Office; The Office of the Prime Minister, composed of the prime minister and his or her top political staff.

PMS PMSs n
SMP
(medical, uncountable) Initialism of premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual stress.

PMSL phraseologicalUnit
ptdr
(Commonwealth, Internet slang) Initialism of pissing myself laughing. (used to indicate great amusement)

PMT PMTs n
SPM
(uncountable, medicine, now, chiefly, UK) Initialism of premenstrual tension..

PNA pn
ANP
Initialism of Palestinian National Authority.

POP POPs n
PDP
(weather) Acronym of probability of precipitation.

PP PPs n
SP
(grammar) Initialism of prepositional phrase.

PPC pn
PPC
(Canada, politics) Initialism of People's Party of Canada.

PPE PPEs n
EPI
Initialism of personal protective equipment.

PRC pn
RPC
(politics) Initialism of People's Republic of China.

PSTN PSTNs n
RTC
(telecommunications) Initialism of Public switched telephone network.

PTO phraseologicalUnit
TSVP
Initialism of please turn over (written at the end of the text on a page to say that it continues overleaf)

PTO pn
Office américain des brevets et marques
Initialism of patent and trademark office. (United States Patent and Trademark Office), usually abbreviated USPTO.

PTSD n
TSPT
Initialism of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Pa /paː/ n
papa
(informal, in direct address) Father, dad, papa.
pépé
A short form of grandpa; grandfather.

Pabloism n
pablisme

Pabloist adj
pabliste

Pachamama pn
Pachamama
Pachamama

Pacific Ocean pn
océan Pacifique Pacifique
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Pacioretty Paciorettys pn
Pacioretty

Pactolus /pækˈtəʊləs/ pn
Pactole
A river, formerly an important feature of ancient Lydia and said to contain gold; now rising and emptying in modern Turkey.

Padang pn
Padang

Padishah /ˈpɑːdɪʃɑː/ Padishahs n
padichah
(history) A ruler of a Muslim country or state.

Padua pn
Padoue
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Pagani Paganis pn
Pagani

Paganinian more Paganinian most Paganinian adj
paganinien

Page Pages pn
Lepage
A placename in the United States:

Pagnol /pɑːˈnjɔːl/ pn
Pagnol

Paibian pn
Paibien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Cambrian period.

Paki shop Paki shops n
Arabe
(UK, Ireland, offensive, _, slang, derogatory) A corner shop run by a Pakistani or any other person of South-West and North-West Asian descent.

Pakistan /ˈpækəˌstaːn/ /ˈpækəˌstæn/ /ˈpækɪˌstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstæn/ /ˌpækɪˈstɑːn/ /ˌpɑːkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Pakistan
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Pakistani more Pakistani most Pakistani adj
pakistanais Pakistanais
Of, from, or pertaining to Pakistan, or its people.

Pakistani Pakistanis n
Pakistanais Pakistanaise
A person from Pakistan or of Pakistani descent.

Palace of Westminster pn
palais de Westminster
An extensive building on the north bank of the River Thames in London, housing the House of Commons and the House of Lords.

Palaic /pəˈleɪ.ɪk/ pn
palaïte
An extinct Indo-European language belonging to Anatolian branch, attested in cuneiform tablets in Bronze Age Hattusa.

Palatinate pn
Palatinat
The County Palatinate of the Rhine or Electoral Palatinate of the Holy Roman Empire.

Palatine Hill pn
Palatin
One of the seven hills on which ancient Rome was built.

Palau /pəˈlaʊ/ pn
Belau Palau Palaos
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Palauan Palauans n
Palaois Palaoise Palaosien Palaosienne
Someone from Palau.

Palaungic adj
palaungique palaungiques

Palearctic pn
Paléarctique
(geography, biogeography) One of the major ecozones of the world, covering Europe, the old USSR territories, part of North Africa, and North Asia including the Himalaya foothills.

Paleocene /ˌpeɪ.liː.əʊˈsiːn/ adj
paléocène
(geology) Of or pertaining to the Paleocene epoch.

Paleogene adj
paléogène
(geology) Of a geologic period within the Cenozoic era; comprises the Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene epochs from about 65 to 23 million years ago.

Paleogene pn
Paléogène
(geology) The Paleogene period.

Paleolithic /ˈpeɪl.ɪi.əʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˈpæl.ɪi.oʊˌlɪθ.ɪk/ pn
paléolithique
A period that lasted from two and a half million years ago to 10,000 BC; the Old Stone Age.

Paleoproterozoic adj
paléoprotérozoïque
(geology) Of a geologic era within the Proterozoic eon from 2,500 to 1,600 million years ago.

Paleoproterozoic pn
Paléoprotérozoïque
(geology) The era from 2,500 Ma to 1,600 Ma, marked by a dramatic increase in atmospheric oxygen.

Paleozoic more Paleozoic most Paleozoic adj
paléozoïque

Paleozoic pn
Paléozoïque
(geology) The Paleozoic era.

Palermitan more Palermitan most Palermitan adj
palermitain
Of, relating, or pertaining to Palermo, Italy.

Palermitan Palermitans n
Palermitain Palermitaine
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of, Palermo on the island of Sicily in Italy.

Palermo /pəˈlɛə(ɹ)məʊ/ /pəˈlɜː(ɹ)məʊ/ pn
Palerme
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A habitational surname

Palestine /ˈpæləˌstaɪn/ /ˈpæləˌstiːn/ pn
Palestine
The territory of the current State of Israel, West Bank and Gaza Strip combined, the homeland of the Palestinian people.
(historical, technical) A British colonial entity administering approximately the lands mentioned in definition 3.
(historical, technical, rare) The British League of Nations Mandate for Palestine, of which this region was a part (the remainder being Transjordan, which covered approximately the lands of the modern Kingdom (originally Emirate) of Jordan).
(historical) Any of four Ancient Roman and Byzantine provinces in the eastern Mediterranean: Syria Palaestina, Palaestina Prima, Palaestina Secunda and Palaestina Salutaris.

Palestinian /pæl.əˈstɪn.i.ən/ more Palestinian most Palestinian adj
palestinien
Of, from, or pertaining to Palestine or the Palestinian people.

Palestinian /pæl.əˈstɪn.i.ən/ Palestinians n
Palestinien Palestinienne
An inhabitant of Palestine or an Arab descending from that area.

Palestinian Arabic pn
arabe palestinien
An Arabic dialect continuum spoken throughout the Palestinian territories.

Pali /ˈpɑːli/ pn
pali
A Middle Indo-Aryan language of north India, closely related to Sanskrit; the sacred language of the Buddhist scriptures. [from 1690s]

Palladian /pəˈleɪ.di.ən/ /pəˈleɪ.dɪ.ən/ adj
palladien palladienne
(architecture) In the style of the Italian neoclassical architect Andrea Palladio.

Pallas pn
Pallas
An epithet for Athena, always used together with the name, as Pallas Athena, rather than alone.

Pallas's bunting Pallas's buntings n
bruant de Pallas
Emberiza pallasi, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

Pallas's grasshopper warbler Pallas's grasshopper warblers n
locustelle de Pallas
Locustella certhiola, an Old World warbler.

Pallas's gull Pallas's gulls n
goéland ichthyaète
Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus, a large gull.

Pallas's leaf warbler Pallas's leaf warblers n
pouillot de Pallas
Phylloscopus proregulus, a leaf warbler that breeds in mountain forests from southern Siberia east to northern Mongolia and northeast China.

Palm Sunday Palm Sundays n
dimanche des Rameaux
The sixth Sunday in Lent, the Sunday before Easter.

Palmyra /pælˈmaɪ.ɹə/ pn
Palmyre
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Palmyrena pn
Palmyrène
A historical region and country of the Syrian steppe, of which Palmyra was the capital.

Palmyrene /pælˈmaɪ.ɹiːn/ /ˈpæl.mɪˌɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.maɪˈɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.mɚˈiːn/ adj
palmyrène palmyrien palmyrénien
Of, from or relating to ancient Palmyra or Palmyrena.

Palmyrene /pælˈmaɪ.ɹiːn/ /ˈpæl.mɪˌɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.maɪˈɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.mɚˈiːn/ Palmyrenes n
Palmyrien Palmyrienne Palmyrène Palmyrénien Palmyrénienne
(historical) A native or inhabitant of ancient Palmyra or Palmyrena.

Palmyrene /pælˈmaɪ.ɹiːn/ /ˈpæl.mɪˌɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.maɪˈɹiːn/ /ˌpæl.mɚˈiːn/ pn
palmyrénien
An extinct Western Aramaic dialect.

Pamir pn
Pamir
A group of languages spoken in the Pamir mountains.

Pampanga pn
Pampangue
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Pamplona /pæmˈploʊnə/ pn
Pampelune
A city in Navarre of northern Spain famous for the running of the bulls.

Pan pn
Pan
(Greek god) Greek god of nature, often visualized as half goat and half man playing pipes. His Roman counterpart is Faunus.

Pan-Altaism n
Panaltaïsme
A political movement aiming to unite the various Altaic peoples into a modern political state.

Pan-American more Pan-American most Pan-American adj
panaméricain
Covering or representing all of the Americas (both North America and South America), particularly with respect to events involving representatives of most or all countries in the Americas.

Pan-Americanism n
panaméricanisme
Belief in the benefit of Pan-American organization.

Pan-Germanism n
pangermanisme
A movement striving to create a political union of all Germans.

Pan-Slavism n
panslavisme
A movement aimed at uniting all the Slavic peoples.

Pan-Turkism n
panturquisme
A political movement aiming to unite the various Turkic peoples into a modern political state.

Panaji pn
Panaji Panjim
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Panama /ˈpæn.ə.mɑː/ pn
Panama Panamá
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Panama Canal pn
canal de Panama
A major man-made canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.

Panama City pn
Panama Ville de Panama
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Panama hat Panama hats n
panama
A type of brimmed hat braided in Peru and Ecuador with the leaves of Carludovica palmata.

Panamanian /pænəˈmeɪni.ən/ adj
panamien panaméen
Of, from, or pertaining to Panama or Panamanian people.

Panamanian /pænəˈmeɪni.ən/ Panamanians n
Panaméen Panaméenne Panamanien Panamien Panamègne
A person from Panama or of Panamanian descent.
Panamanien Panamien Panamègne Panaméen
A person from Panama City.

Panathenaea /ˌpæn.æ.θɪˈniː.ə/ /ˌpænˌæ.θəˈni.ə/ pn
Panathénées
(Ancient Greece, historical) A festival formerly held annually in Athens to honour the city's patron goddess Athena, involving animal sacrifices, a grand procession, and, every fourth year, athletic and musical contests.

Panay /pəˈnaɪ/ pn
Panay
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Panchatantra pn
Pañchatantra
A canonical collection of Sanskrit as well as Pali (Buddhist) animal fables in verse and prose.

Panchen Lama Panchen Lamas n
Panchen-lama
(Tibetan Buddhism) The second-highest-ranking lama of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism, after the Dalai Lama.

Pancras /ˈpæŋkɹəs/ pn
Pancrace
One of two Christian saints, Pancras of Taormina and Pancras of Rome

Pandora /ˌpænˈdɔɹə/ pn
Pandore
(Greek mythology) The first woman on earth, who had been given a box by the gods and instructed not to open it, but who disobeyed the instructions out of curiosity, releasing all manner of evils into the world.
(astronomy) 55 Pandora, a main belt asteroid.

Pandora's box Pandora's boxes n
boîte de Pandore
(idiomatic) A source of unforeseen trouble.

Pangaea /pænˈd͡ʒiː.ə/ pn
Pangée
(geology) A supercontinent that included all the landmasses of the earth before the Triassic period and that broke up into Laurasia and Gondwana.

Pangkal Pinang pn
Pangkal Pinang
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Panglossian /pænˈɡlɑsi.ən/ /pænˈɡlɒsɪən/ /pænˈɡlɔsi.ən/ more Panglossian most Panglossian adj
panglossien
(pejorative) Naively or unreasonably optimistic.

Panhellenic more Panhellenic most Panhellenic adj
panhellénique panhellène

Panzerfaust Panzerfausts n
Panzerfaust
A light, single-shot anti-tank grenade launcher developed in Germany in the latter stages of the Second World War.

Pap smear Pap smears n
frottis
(chiefly, gynaecology) A screening test meant to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample (‘smear’) of cells from the cervix.

Pap test Pap tests n
test de Papanicolaou
(gynaecology) A screening test to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample ('smear') of cells from the cervix.

Papal States pn
États pontificaux
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError that existed until 1870, comprising the territories of Italy over which the pope was the ruler in a civil as well as a spiritual sense.

Papeete pn
Papeete Papeʻete
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Papenburg /ˈpæpənˌbɜːɡ/ pn
Papenbourg
a city in Emsland district, Lower Saxony, Germany.

Paphos pn
Paphos
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Papiamentu /ˌpɑːpiəˈmɛntoʊ/ /ˌpɑːpiəˈmɛntuː/ pn
papiamento
A Creole language spoken on the Caribbean islands of Aruba, Curaçao, and Bonaire.

Papua /ˈpaːpwə/ pn
Papouasie
The southern part of what is now called Papua New Guinea, formerly administered as a separate territory to New Guinea.

Papua New Guinea /ˈpaːpwə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæ.pjuː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪ.ni/ /ˈpæp.u.ə ˌnu ˈɡɪn.i/ /ˈpæp.uː.ə ˌnjuː ˈɡɪn.i/ pn
Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée
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Papuan more Papuan most Papuan adj
papou papoue
From, or pertaining to Papua or Papua New Guinea

Papuan Papuans n
Papou Papoue
Someone from Papua or Papua New Guinea

Paracel Islands pn
Paracel
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Paracelsian more Paracelsian most Paracelsian adj
paracelsien

Paracelsus /ˌpæɹəˈsɛlsəs/ pn
Paracelse
The adopted name of Philippus von Hohenheim, a Swiss thinker of the 16th century known for his pioneering scientific work and his research into the occult and alchemy.

Paraclete /ˈpæɹəkliːt/ pn
Paraclet
(Christianity) The Holy Spirit, the Holy Ghost, especially in its role as comforter of the faithful.

Paradise /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪs/ pn
paradis
(religion) Heaven.
paradis paradis terrestre
(religion) The Garden of Eden.

Paraguay /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Paraguay
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The Paraguay River, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Paraguayan Paraguayans n
Paraguayen Paraguayenne Paraguéen Paraguéenne
A person from Paraguay or of Paraguayan descent.

Paralympian /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pi.ən/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪm.pɪ.ən/ /ˌpɛ-/ Paralympians n
paralympien paralympienne
(sports) One who competes in the Paralympic Games. [from mid 20th c.]

Paralympic /ˌpæɹəˈlɪmpɪk/ /ˌpɛ-/ adj
paralympique
(sports) Pertaining to the Paralympic Games.

Paralympic Games pn
Jeux paralympiques
An international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue.

Paralympics pn
Paralympiques
(sports) Synonym of Paralympic Games (“an international sports competition participated in by sportspeople with physical disabilities, which is held every four years as a counterpart of the Olympic Games and nowadays at the same venue”)

Paramaribo /pɑɹəˈmɑːɹɪbəʊ/ /ˌpɑɹəˈmɑɹəˌboʊ/ pn
Paramaribo
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Paraná /pə.ˈɹɑː.nə/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑ/ /ˌpæ.ɹəˈnɑː/ pn
Paraná
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Paraskevi pn
Parascève

Paraíba /pɑːɹaɪˈiːbə/ pn
Paraïba
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Paris /ˈpæɹ.ɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪs/ pn
Paris Pâris
(Greek mythology) A Trojan prince who eloped with Helen.
Paris
(metonym) The government of France.
A en given name, usually from the French city.

Paris of the East pn
Paris de l'Orient
(dated) Synonym of Bucharest, Romania.
(dated) Synonym of Casablanca, Morocco.
(obsolete) Synonym of Lahore in British India.
(dated) Synonym of Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
(dated) Synonym of Hanoi, Vietnam.
(dated) Synonym of Shanghai, China.

Paris syndrome n
syndrome de Paris
An alleged transient psychological disorder encountered by some people visiting or vacationing in Paris, France, resulting from shock at their discovery that Paris is not what they had expected it to be.

Parisian /pəˈɹiʒən/ /pəˈɹɪzɪ.ən/ more Parisian most Parisian adj
parisien
Of, relating, or pertaining to Paris, France

Parisian /pəˈɹiʒən/ /pəˈɹɪzɪ.ən/ Parisians n
Parisien Parisienne
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of, Paris, France

Parisienne /pəɹɪzɪˈɛn/ Parisiennes n
Parisienne
A woman from Paris.

Parizeau Parizeaus pn
Parizeau

Park Extension pn
Parc-Extension

Parkinson's disease n
maladie de Parkinson
(neurology, disease) A chronic neurological disorder affecting movement, characterized by tremor, slowness of movement (bradykinesia), cogwheel or lead-pipe rigidity, and postural instability.

Parliament Hill pn
Colline du Parlement colline du Parlement
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(Canada, politics) The Canadian federal government and its houses of parliament
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Colline Parlementaire Colline du Parlement Colline parlementaire colline du Parlement
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Parly Parlies pn
Parly
, the local parliament

Parma pn
Parme
Province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
A city, the capital of Parma.

Parmenides pn
Parménide
An Ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, in southern Italy. Founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy.

Parmentier Parmentiers pn
Parmentier

Parmesan /ˈpɑː(ɹ).məˌzɑːn/ /ˈpɑːməˌzən/ /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/ adj
parmesan
From Parma

Parnassus pn
Parnasse
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Parramatta pn
Parramatta Rivière Parramatta
The Parramatta River, TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing through the suburb and into Sydney Harbour.

Parthenon /ˈpɑːɹθənɑːn/ /ˈpɑːθənən/ pn
Parthénon
An ancient temple to Athena and monument in the city of Athens. It is a symbol of Greek achievement in the arts and of Athenian democracy.

Parthenope pn
Parthénope
(Greek mythology) One of the sirens, daughter of the god Achelous and the Muse Terpsichore.
(astronomy) 11 Parthenope, a main belt asteroid.

Parthia /ˈpɑɹθi.ə/ /ˈpɑːθi.ə/ pn
Parthie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ adj
parthe
Relating to Parthia or Parthians.

Parthian /ˈpɑɹθiən/ /ˈpɑːθɪən/ Parthians n
Parthe
A native or inhabitant of Parthia.
An extinct Western Iranian language that was spoken in Parthia.

Parthian Empire pn
Empire parthe
(historical) An ancient empire of Western Asia founded as a kingdom by Arsaces I with his 3rd-century-BCE conquest of Parthia (only recently a satrapy of the Seleucid Empire) and subsequently greatly expanded by Mithridates I.

Parti Quebecois pn
Parti Québécois
(Canadian politics) A provincial political party in Quebec, Canada, with the central goal of some form of political independence or sovereignty for Quebec.

Pará pn
Pará
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Pas-de-Calais pn
Pas de Calais Pas-de-Calais
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Pasargadae pn
Pasargades
An ancient city of Persia, a capital of the Achaemenid Empire.

Pascal /pæsˈkæl/ /ˈpæskæl/ Pascals pn
Pascal
(countable) A surname transferred from the given name.

Pascal's triangle Pascal's triangles n
triangle de Pascal
(mathematics) A geometric representation of the binomial coefficients in a triangle, each entry being the sum of the two entries above.

Pascal's wager pn
pari de Pascal
(religion) An argument for theism (and specifically Christianity, according to the writer) maintaining that belief in the divine ensures happiness in this life and offers the possibility of eternal happiness (should God or divine beings exist), whereas atheism, even if it brings happiness in this life, offers no hope of eternal happiness and carries the risk of eternal damnation.

Paschal Lamb /ˈpæs.kəl ˈlæm/ /ˈpɑːs.kəl ˈlæm/ Paschal Lambs n
agneau pascal Pâque pâque
(historical) The lamb eaten at Passover.
Agneau Mystique Agneau Pascal Agneau de Dieu Pâque
(figuratively) Jesus Christ symbolized as a sacrifice.
agneau pascal
(heraldiccharge) A lamb depicted with nimbus and bearing a flag (usually St. George's cross: argent a cross gules).

Pashto /ˈpæʃtəʊ/ /ˈpʌʃtəʊ/ n
pachto pashto
The native Indo-Iranian language of the Pashtun people; an official language of Afghanistan.

Pashtun Pashtuns n
Pachtoune
A member of the Pashtun ethnic group, or of a Pashtun tribe.
A Pashto-speaking person.

Pashtunwali pn
pachtounwali
The tribal code of conduct followed by the Pashtun people.

Pasithea /pəˈsɪθɪə/ pn
Pasithéa Pasithée
(Greek god) One of the Charites; she is the goddess and personification of relaxation, meditation and hallucinations. She is the wife of Hypnos and the mother of the Oneiroi.

Passarge pn
Passarge Pasłęka
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Passion /ˈpæʃən/ pn
Passion
(Christianity) The sufferings of Jesus Christ from the night of the Last Supper to the Crucifixion.

Passion Sunday Passion Sundays n
Dimanche de la Passion
The fifth Sunday in Lent, the second Sunday before Easter, the first day in Passiontide.

Passover Passovers pn
Pâque Pessah
The one-day Biblical feast or festival (not a holy day) that begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month (Nisan 14), which is then immediately followed by the seven-day Feast of Unleavened Bread (Nisan 15 to 21; the first and seventh days are holy days or annual Sabbaths).

Passy pn
Passy

Pastafarianism n
pastafarisme
A parody religion centered around the Flying Spaghetti Monster, a creator deity who resembles spaghetti and meatballs.

Patagonia /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊ.ni.ə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡoʊn.jə/ /ˌpæ.təˈɡəʊ.nɪ.ə/ pn
Patagonie
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Patagonian /ˌpætəˈɡəʊni.ən/ more Patagonian most Patagonian adj
patagon patagonien
Of or pertaining to Patagonia or its people, language or culture.

Patagonian cypress Patagonia cypresses n
cyprès de Patagonie
A species of tree, Fitzroya cupressoides, the largest found in South America.

Patras /pəˈtɹæs/ /ˈpætɹəs/ pn
Patrai
The third most populated Greek city (after Athens and Thessaloniki), TemplateParserError:LuaError).

Patricia /pəˈtɹɪʃə/ pn
Patricia
A en given name.

Patrick /ˈpætɹɪk/ [ˈpʰæ.t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪk̚] Patricks pn
Patrice Patrick
(countable) A en given name

Patrimonio pn
Patrimonio
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Patriot Patriots n
Patriote
(Canada, historical) Synonym of Patriote (A devolution-of-power supporter in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War).)

Patriote Patriotes n
Patriote
(Canada) Patriot (one of the devolution-of-power supporters in Lower Canada during the Canadian Rebellions of 1837-1838 (Patriots' War))

Patripassian adj
patripassien patropassien théopaschite
Believing in Patripassianism.

Patripassian Patripassians n
patripassien patripassienne patropassien patropassienne théopaschite
A believer in Patripassianism.

Patroclus pn
Patrocle
(Greek mythology) A character in the Iliad, known for his close relationship to Achilles.

Pau pn
Pau
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Paul /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ pn
Paul
In the New Testament, Saul, Apostle to the Gentiles and author of fourteen epistles.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Paula /ˈpɑlə/ /ˈpɔːlə/ pn
Paule
A en given name.

Paulette pn
Paulette
A en given name.

Pauli exclusion principle pn
principe d'exclusion de Pauli
(physics) A principle in quantum mechanics that states that no two identical fermions may occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.

Paulician Paulicians n
paulicien
(historical) A follower of Paulicianism.

Pauline /ˈpɔːˌliːn/ pn
Pauline
A en given name.

Pavia /pəˈvi.ə/ pn
Pavie
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Pavie pn
Pavie
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Pavlovian /pævˈloʊvi.ən/ adj
pavlovien pavlovienne
Of or relating to the theories of the Russian physiologist, psychologist, and physician Ivan Petrovich Pavlov, especially those related to behavioral conditioning.

Pavo pn
Paon
(constellation) A constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a peacock. It lies between the constellations Telescopium and Octans.

Pax Americana pn
pax americana
The period of relative peace in the Western world since the end of World War II in 1945, coinciding with the military and economic dominance of the United States.

Pax Romana pn
paix romaine

Pays de la Loire pn
Pays de la Loire
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Peace River pn
Rivière-de-la-Paix
Peace River Regional District, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Peach Melba Peach Melbas n
Pêche Melba
A classic French dessert, made from peaches and raspberry sauce accompanied with vanilla ice cream.

Pechora pipit Pechora pipits n
pipit de Gustave
Anthus gustavi, a passerine bird which breeds in the East Palearctic tundra

Peel Peels pn
Peel
(countable) A surname.
A placename
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(uncountable) Robert Peel, British Prime Minister.

Pegasus /ˈpɛɡ.ə.səs/ pn
Pégase
(Greek mythology) A winged horse fabled to have sprung from the blood of Medusa when she was slain. He is noted for causing, with a blow of his hoof, Hippocrene, the inspiring fountain of the Muses, to spring from Mount Helicon. Bellerophon tamed and rode upon Pegasus when he defeated the Chimaera.
(constellation) A constellation of the northern sky, near the vernal equinoctial point, representing the winged horse. Its three brightest stars, with the brightest star of Andromeda, form the asterism of the Great Square of Pegasus.

Peitho pn
Péitho
(Greek god) One of the Charites and a consort of Hermes.

Pekin Pekins n
pékin
A type of patterned silk.

Pekin duck Pekin ducks n
canard de Pékin
Either of two breeds of domestic duck used primarily for egg and meat production.

Peking duck n
canard laqué de Pékin canard laqué
A Chinese dish consisting of roasted duck skin, small pancakes, hoisin sauce and other ingredients.

Peking opera Peking operas n
opéra de Beijing opéra de Pékin
(music genre) A form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.

Pekingese adj
pékinais pékinois
of or related to Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China

Pekingese Pekingese Pekingeses n
pékinois pékinoise
A small toy dog from China.

Pelagianism n
pélagianisme
(Christianity) A Christian belief that denies the view of original sin and the necessity of grace, asserting that man is capable of achieving salvation by his own efforts.

Pelagius /pɪˈleɪd͡ʒiəs/ pn
Pélage
A given name of historical usage

Peleg /ˈpɛ.lɛɡ/ [ˈpʰɛ.lɛɡ] Pelegs pn
Péleg
(biblical) One of the two sons of Eber.

Peleus /ˈpiː.li.əs/ pn
Pélée
A rare surname.

Peloponnese /pɛləpəˈniːs/ pn
Péloponnèse
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Penelope /pɪˈnɛləpi/ pn
Pénélope
(Greek mythology) The faithful wife of Odysseus.
A en given name.

Peng Pengs pn
Peng
A surname from Mandarin.

Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪni.ə/ /ˌpɛnsɪlˈveɪnjə/ pn
Pennsylvanie
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, which grew progressively larger before becoming the present state.

Pentagon /ˈpɛntəɡɑn/ /ˈpɛntəɡən/ pn
Pentagone
The headquarters of the United States Department of Defense.

Pentarchy pn
Pentarchie
A model of Church organization historically championed in the Eastern Orthodox Church.

Pentateuch /ˈpɛn.təˌtjuːk/ /ˈpɛn.təˌtuːk/ /ˈpɛn.təˌtʊk/ /ˈpɪn.təˌtuːk/ pn
Pentateuque
The Torah: the first five books of the Bible: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy.

Pentecostal Pentecostals n
pentecôtiste
A member of a Pentecostal church.

Pentecostalism Pentecostalisms n
pentecôtisme
Christian religious movement that emphasizes the Holy Spirit and is known for speaking in tongues.

Pentelic more Pentelic most Pentelic adj
pentélique
Of or relating to Mount Pentelicus (Penteliko Mountain), near Athens, famous for its fine white marble quarries.

Pentium /ˈpɛnti.əm/ /ˈpɛntɪəm/ Pentiums n
Pentium
A CPU chip designed and manufactured by Intel, successor to the 486 chip, introduced in 1993.

Pentridge pn
Pentridge

People of the Book n
gens du Livre
(Islam) Non-Muslims who adhere to an Abrahamic religion.

People's Democratic Republic of Algeria pn
République algérienne démocratique et populaire République démocratique et populaire d'Algérie
The official name of Algeria.

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen pn
République démocratique populaire du Yémen
The official name of South Yemen.

People's Liberation Army pn
Armée populaire de libération
(military) People's Liberation Army Ground Force, the army branch of the military arm of the People's Republic of China.

People's Party pn
Parti populaire
Any of the particular people's political parties.

People's Republic of Bangladesh pn
République populaire du Bangladesh
The official name of Bangladesh.

People's Republic of China /ˈpiːpəlz ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
République populaire de Chine
The official name of China, sometimes contrasted to the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Pepsi /ˈpɛpsi/ pn
Pepsi
A brand of carbonated cola non-alcoholic drink produced by the company PepsiCo.

Perches pn
Perches
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Peret pn
Péret

Pergamum /ˈpɜːɡəməm/ /ˈpɝːɡəməm/ pn
Pergame
An ancient Greek city, in western Anatolia, near modern Bergama.

Periclean /ˌpɛɹɪˈkliːən/ adj
péricléen
Of or relating to Pericles, an Ancient Greek politician, or to the golden age of art and literature in Athens.

Pericles /ˈpɛɹɪkliːz/ pn
Périclès
(historical) An Ancient Greek politician.

Perikhanyan pn
Périkhanian
A surname from Armenian.

Perioikoi /ˌpɛɹiˈɔɪkɔɪ/ n
périèques
The ancient inhabitants of Laconia who were free residents of the mountains and the beaches of Laconia.

Perm pn
Perm
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Permian /ˈpəːmɪən/ pn
Permien
(geology) The Permian period. [from 19th c.]

Permic pn
langue permienne
A group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in the northwest Urals, including Komi and Udmurt.

Pernambucan adj
pernamboucain

Pernambuco pn
Pernambouc
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Pernik pn
Pernik
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Perpignan /-jɒŋ/ /-ˈjɑŋ/ /ˈpɜːpɪnjɒn/ /ˌpɝpiˈnjɑn/ /ˌpɝpɪnjɑn/ pn
Perpignan
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Persephone /pəˈsɛfəni/ /pɚˈsɛfəniː/ pn
Perséphone
(Greek god) A minor deity, the queen of the Underworld/Hades, and goddess of the seasons and vegetation. Originally named Kore/Core, she is the daughter of Zeus and Demeter; and the wife of Hades. Her Roman counterpart is Proserpina.

Persepolis /pəˈsɛpəlɪs/ /pɚˈsɛpəlɪs/ /pɜːˈsɛpəlɪs/ pn
Persépolis
(historical) The ceremonial capital city of Achaemenid Persia; its ruins in the present day.

Perseus /ˈpɜː.si.əs/ /ˈpɜː.sjuːs/ /ˈpɜː.ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.si.əs/ pn
Persée
(Greek mythology) The mythological Greek warrior who slew the Gorgon Medusa by decapitating her. He married Andromeda after rescuing her from Ceto and founded Mycenae. He was the son of Zeus and Danae.
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the mythical hero. It includes the stars Algenib, Algol, and Mirfak.

Persia /ˈpɜː(ɹ).ʒə/ /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃə/ /ˈpɝʒə/ pn
Perse
Persia proper (Persis), the land of the ancient Persians, corresponding to modern-day Fars province in southwestern Iran.

Persian /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ /ˈpɝʒən/ more Persian most Persian adj
persan perse
Of, from, or pertaining to Persia.
Of or pertaining to the Persian people.
Of or pertaining to the Persian language.

Persian /ˈpɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ˈpɜː.ʒən/ /ˈpɝʒən/ Persians n
persan
(uncountable) The Persian language, or a family of languages spoken primarily in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
Persan Perse Persane
(countable) A person from Persia.

Persian Gulf /ˌpɜːʒən ˈɡʌlf/ /ˌpɝʒən ˈɡʌlf/ pn
golfe Persique
The Persian Gulf, a gulf between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula.

Persianization n
persanisation
The assimilation of Persian (Iranian) cultural values

Persianize v
persaniser
(transitive) To make Persian.

Perth /pɜːθ/ /pɝθ/ pn
Perth
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Peru /pəˈɹuː/ /ˈpɪəɹuː/ pn
Pérou
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Perugia pn
Pérouse
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Perun pn
Péroun
The highest god in the pantheon of Slavic mythology, the god of thunder and lightning.

Peruvian /pə.ˈɹuː.vi.ən/ adj
péruvien
Of, from, or pertaining to Peru or the Peruvian people.

Peruvian /pə.ˈɹuː.vi.ən/ Peruvians n
Péruvien Péruvienne
A person from Peru or of Peruvian descent.

Peruvian slaty antshrike Peruvian slaty antshrikes n
batara bleuâtre
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus caerulescens.

Pescara pn
Pescara
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Peshawar /pɛˈʃəˌwɑːr/ pn
Peshawar
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Peter /ˈpitɚ/ /ˈpiːtə/ [ˈpʰitɚ] [ˈpʰiɾɚ] Peters pn
Pierre
A en given name.
The leading Apostle in the New Testament.
Pierre P
(biblical) The epistles of Peter in the New Testament of the Bible, 1 Peter and 2 Peter attributed to St. Peter.

Peter Pan syndrome /piːtə pan ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ pn
syndrome de Peter Pan
(idiomatic) The supposed psychological phenomenon of immaturity among some men, who, like the fictional character, remain childish and fail to assume appropriate adult social roles and responsibilities.

Peter the Great pn
Pierre le Grand

Petersburgian adj
pétersbourgeois pétersbourgeoise saint-pétersbourgeois
of or relating to Saint Petersburg

Petersburgian Petersburgians n
Saint-Pétersbourgeois Saint-Pétersbourgeoise
a native or inhabitant of Saint Petersburg

Petey pn
Pierrot
A diminutive of the en given name Peter.

Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen Petits Bassets Griffons Vendéens n
petit basset griffon vendéen
A short scenthound bred in France

Petrarch /ˈpitɹɑɹk/ /ˈpɛtɹɑɹk/ /ˈpɛtɹɑːk/ pn
Pétrarque
Francesco Petrarca (1304–1374), Italian scholar and poet.

Petrarchan /piˈtɹɑɹkən/ /pɛˈtɹɑɹkən/ /pɪˈtɹɑːkən/ more Petrarchan most Petrarchan adj
pétrarquien
Of or relating to Francesco Petrarch, a renowned Renaissance Italian humanist.

Petrarchan sonnet Petrarchan sonnets n
sonnet italien sonnet pétrarquien sonnet pétrarquiste
(poetry) A sonnet comprising an octet and a closing sestet, following the rhyme scheme of either abba abba cde cde or abba abba cd cd cd or abba abba cce dde or abba abba cdd cee.

Petrarchism /piˈtɹɑɹkɪzəm/ /pɛˈtɹɑɹkɪzəm/ /pɪˈtɹɑːkɪzəm/ Petrarchisms n
pétrarquisme
(uncountable) The literary style of Petrarch.

Petri dish /ˈpiːtɹi ˌdɪʃ/ /ˈpɛtɹi ˌdɪʃ/ Petri dishes n
boîte de Petri
A shallow glass dish, with a loose-fitting cover, used to culture bacteria.

Petrine /ˈpiˌtɹaɪn/ /ˈpiːtɹaɪn/ more Petrine most Petrine adj
pétrinien
Of or pertaining to people named Peter, particularly Saint Peter or Peter the Great.

Petrograd pn
Pétrograd
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Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky pn
Petropavlovsk-Kamtchatski
A city in the far East of Russia, administrative centre of Kamchatka kray, also called Petropavlovsk

Petrovich pn
Petrovitch
.

Peugeot /ˈpjuːʒoʊ/ /ˈpɜːʒəʊ/ Peugeots n
Peugeot
A car manufactured by Peugeot.

Peugeot /ˈpjuːʒoʊ/ /ˈpɜːʒəʊ/ pn
Peugeot
A French manufacturer of cars.

Peyrehorade pn
Peyrehorade
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Phaistos /ˈfɛstɒs/ pn
Phaistos
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Phanerozoic adj
phanérozoïque
(geology) Of or relating to the Phanerozoic eon

Phanerozoic pn
Phanérozoïque
(geology) A geologic eon from about 570 million years ago to the present

Pharisee /ˈfɛɹɪsi/ /ˈfɛɹɪsiː/ Pharisees n
pharisien
(historical) A member of an ancient Jewish political party, a social movement, and a school of thought among Jews that flourished during the Second Temple Era (536 B.C.E.–70 C.E.). The movement was ultimately the basis for most contemporary forms of Judaism.

Pharos pn
Pharos
A small island off Alexandria where the Lighthouse of Alexandria was located.
The Lighthouse of Alexandria, located on the island Pharos

Pharsalia /ˌfɑːˈseɪli.ə/ pn
Pharsale
An epic poem by the Roman poet Lucan describing Caesar's Civil War.

Phazania pn
Phazanie

Phazanian adj
phazanien
(historical) Of or pertaining to Phazania.

Phazanian Phazanians n
Phazanien Phazanienne
(historical) A person from, or an inhabitant of, Phazania.

Phaëthon /ˈfeɪətən/ /ˈfeɪəθən/ pn
Phaéthon Phaéton
(Greek mythology) the son of the sun god Helios who was killed by Zeus while trying to drive his father's chariot across the sky

Philadelphia /fɪləˈdɛlfi.ə/ [fɪɫəˈdɜɫfi.ə] pn
Philadelphie
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Philemon /fɪˈliːmɒn/ /fɪˈliːmən/ /ˈfɪləmən/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmɒn/ /ˌfaɪˈliːmən/ Philemons pn
Philémon Épître à Philémon
The eighteenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of Saint Paul to a fellow Christian called Philemon.
Philémon
A surname transferred from the given name.

Philip /ˈfɪləp/ /ˈfɪlɪp/ Philips pn
Philippe
(uncountable) One of the twelve disciples of Jesus in the Bible; one of the seven deacons.
(countable, rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Philippa /ˈfɪ.lɪ.pə/ pn
Philippa
A en given name.

Philippi /fɪˈlɪpaɪ/ /ˈfɪləˌpaɪ/ pn
Philippes
An ancient town in Macedonia, Greece

Philippians pn
Philippiens
(biblical) The eleventh book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Philippians.

Philippine Sea pn
mer des Philippines
A marginal sea in the Pacific Ocean to the north and east of the Philippines.

Philippine cuckoo-dove Philippine cuckoo-doves n
phasianelle des Philippines
Macropygia tenuirostris, a dove native to the Philippines and Taiwan

Philippine eagle Philippine eagles n
aigle des singes
Pithecophaga jefferyi, a species of eagle endemic to forests in the Philippines that has brown and white-coloured plumage, and a shaggy crest.

Philippines /ˈfɪl.ə.pinz/ /ˈfɪl.ɪ.pinz/ pn
Philippines
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Philistia pn
Philistie
An ancient pentapolis in south-western Levant, comprising Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ more Philistine most Philistine adj
Philistin
(historical) Originating from ancient Philistia; of or pertaining to the ancient Philistines.

Philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ Philistim Philistines n
Philistin Philistine
(historical) A non-Semitic person from ancient Philistia, a region in the southwest Levant in the Middle East.

Phillips screwdriver Phillips screwdrivers n
tournevis cruciforme
A screwdriver having a cross-shaped tip rather than the rectangular tip of a standard (flat-blade) screwdriver.

Philodemus pn
Philodème
Philodemus of Gadara, an Epicurean philosopher and poet

Philomena /ˌfɪləˈmiːnə/ pn
Philomène
A en given name.

Phlegethon /ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɑn/ /ˈflɛd͡ʒɪθɒn/ /ˈflɛɡɪθɑn/ /ˈflɛɡɪθɒn/ pn
Phlégéthon
(Greek mythology) A river of fire in Hades.

Phnom Penh /(pə)ˈnɑm ˈpɛn/ /pəˈnɔːm ˈpɛn/ /ˈnɒm ˈpɛn/ pn
Phnom Penh
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Phobos /ˈfoʊbəs/ pn
Phobos
(Greek god) A son of Ares (Mars). Also the Greek god of fear.
(astronomy) The innermost natural satellite of Mars.

Phocaea /foʊˈsiːə/ /fəʊˈsiːə/ pn
Phocée
(historical) an ancient Ionian Greek city on the western coast of Anatolia

Phocaean /fəʊˈsiːən/ more Phocaean most Phocaean adj
phocéen
of or pertaining to Phocaea or its inhabitants

Phoebe /ˈfiːbi/ pn
Phœbé Phébé
(Greek god) A Titan, goddess of the moon, sister-wife of Coeus, and daughter of Uranus and Gaia.

Phoebus /ˈfiː.bəs/ pn
Phébus Phœbus
(Greek god) An epithet and synonym for Helios; Phoebus Helios, after his maternal aunt, Phoebe.
(Greek god, Roman god) An epithet and synonym for Apollo; Phoebus Apollo.

Phoenicia /fəˈniːʃɪə/ /fəˈnɪʃə/ /fəˈnɪʃɪə/ pn
Phénicie
The land of city states of the Phoenicians which around 1000 BC was situated on the coast of present day Syria and Lebanon, and included the cities of Tyre and Sidon.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ adj
phénicien
Of, from, or related to the country or civilisation of Phoenicia.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ Phoenicians n
Phénicien Phénicienne
An inhabitant of Phoenix, Arizona.

Phoenician /fəˈniːʃ(ə)n/ /fəˈniːʃən/ /fəˈnɪʃ(ə)n/ pn
phénicien
The Semitic language spoken by the inhabitants of Phoenicia.

Phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/ pn
phénix phœnix
(mythology) A mythical firebird; especially the sacred one from ancient Egyptian mythology.
Phénix Phoenix
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the mythical bird. It lies north of Tucana.
Phoenix
(Greek mythology) A character in the Iliad and father of Adonis in Greek mythology or a different character in Greek mythology, brother of Europa and Cadmus.
Phénix
(as "the Phoenix") A nickname sometimes used for Japan after World War II.

Phoney War pn
drôle de guerre
(historical) During World War Two, the period of limited military activity from the outbreak of hostilities on September 3rd, 1939 until Germany's attack on the Low Countries on May 10th, 1940.

Phrixus /ˈfrɪksəs/ pn
Phryxus
(Greek mythology) Son of Athamas and brother of Helle, with whom he fled to Colchis on a golden winged ram.

Phrygia /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒ.i.ə/ pn
Phrygie
(historical) Ancient kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey.

Phrygian /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪən/ Phrygians n
Phrygien Phrygienne
A native or inhabitant of Phrygia.

Phrygian /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪən/ pn
phrygien
The language of the Phrygian people.

Phrygian cap Phrygian caps n
bonnet phrygien
(Ancient Rome, Ancient Greece) A soft, close-fitting cap represented in Greek and Roman art as worn by Orientals, assumed to have been conical in shape, with the top bent forward.

Phthonus /ˈθoʊnəs/ pn
Phtonos
(Greek god) The god of jealousy and envy.

Phuket /ˈpuˌkɛt/ /ˈpuːˌkɛt/ pn
Phuket
The island where Phuket Province is located
A city on the island of Phuket

Phung Phungs pn
Phung

Pi Day /ˈpaɪ deɪ/ pn
journée de pi
March 14th, an annual celebration of the mathematical constant π (pi).

Piacenza pn
Plaisance
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Piacenzian pn
Plaisancien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Pliocene epoch.

Piagetian more Piagetian most Piagetian adj
piagétien
Of or relating to Jean Piaget (1896–1980), Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher known for his cognitive studies with children.

Piarist Piarists n
piariste
A member of the Order of Poor Clerics Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools, a Catholic educational order founded in the sixteenth century.

Piauí /piːaʊˈiː/ pn
Piauí
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Picard /pɪˈkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkərd/ adj
picard
of, from, or relating to, Picardy

Picard /pɪˈkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkərd/ Picards n
Picard
Someone from Picardy.
(historical) A member of an Adamite sect of the sixteenth century and earlier, in the Flemish Netherlands and in Bohemia.
(historical) A high shoe for men, introduced to England from France about 1720.

Picard /pɪˈkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkɑːrd/ /ˈpɪkərd/ pn
picard
A Romance language closely related to French

Picardy pn
Picardie
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Picardy third Picardy thirds n
tierce picarde
(music) A major third in the final tonic chord of a minor-key passage.

Pichilemu pn
Pichilemu
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Picquet pn
Picquet

Pict /pɪkt/ Picts n
Picte
A member of an ancient people of northern and central Scotland.

Pictish /ˈpɪk.tɪʃ/ more Pictish most Pictish adj
picte
Of or pertaining to the Picts.

Pictish /ˈpɪk.tɪʃ/ pn
picte
The extinct, poorly attested language spoken by the Picts.

Pictor pn
Peintre
(constellation) A summer constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble an easel. It lies between the constellations Carina and Dorado.

Pied Piper /paɪd ˈpaɪ.pə/ pn
Joueur de flûte de Hamelin
A folk tale or legend, dating back to the Middle Ages, about a rat-catcher in variegated attire, hired by the German town of Hamelin, who is not paid for his services and retaliates by luring away the local children by playing a flute.
The flute-playing rat-catcher who is the protagonist and title character of this story.

Piedmont /ˈpiːdmɒnt/ pn
Piémont
The region of the eastern US between the Appalachian mountains and the coastal plain, extending from eastern Alabama to northern New Jersey.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ adj
piémontais
Of, from, or relating to Piedmont, a region in the northwest of Italy.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ Piedmontese Piedmonteses n
Piémontais Piémontaise
An inhabitant or a resident of Piedmont.

Piedmontese /ˌpiːdmɒnˈtiːz/ pn
piémontais
A Gallo-Italic language spoken in Piedmont.

Pieria pn
Piérie
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Pierrot /pjɛˈɹəʊ/ /pɪəˈɹəʊ/ Pierrots pn
Pierrot
A character from French pantomime; a buffoon in a loose white outfit; a popular choice for a masquerade costume.

Pijin /ˈpɪd͡ʒ(ɪ)n/ pn
Pijin
In full Solomon Islands Pijin, Solomon Pijin, or Solomons Pijin: a language spoken on the Solomon Islands, which is a form of Melanesian Pidgin.

Pikachu /ˈpiːkət͡ʃuː/ Pikachu Pikachus pn
Pikachu
(ACG, video games, anime, manga) A small yellow rodent-like Pokémon species that has red cheeks and a tail shaped like a lightning bolt, and has electricity-related powers.

Pilate /ˈpaɪlət/ pn
Pilate
(biblical character) Pontius Pilate, the man who, according to the Bible, ordered the crucifixion of Jesus.

Pilates /pɪˈlɑːtiːz/ n
Pilates
A physical fitness system developed in the early 20th century by Joseph Pilates.

Pillars of Hercules pn
Colonnes d'Hercule
(historical) The two promontories at the Strait of Gibraltar, and thus the western limit of the Mediterranean world.

Pilsen pn
Pilsen
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Pinard pn
Pinard

Pindus pn
Pinde
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Pinel Pinels pn
Pinel

Pinocchian more Pinocchian most Pinocchian adj
pinocchiesque
Of or relating to Pinocchio.

Pinocchio /pɪˈnoʊ.ki.oʊ/ /pɪˈnəʊ.kjəʊ/ /pɪˈnəʊ.kɪ.əʊ/ pn
Pinocchio
The fictional boy made from wood whose nose gets longer with each lie he tells, protagonist of the story The Adventures of Pinocchio (1881–1883) by Carlo Collodi.
The popular fairy tale about Pinocchio.

Pinot Noir /ˌpiːnəʊ ˈnwɑː(ɹ)/ Pinot Noirs Pinots Noirs n
pinot noir
A black grape used to make wine.
A light and fruity wine made from these grapes

Pinyin /ˈpɪnjɪn/ pn
pinyin
A system of romanization for Standard Mandarin, used in the People’s Republic of China, and more recently in other Mandarin Chinese-speaking areas as well. [from 20th c.]

Pippi Longstocking Pippi Longstockings n
Fifi Brindacier
A person, especially a girl or woman, with long or flamboyant red hair, especially in pigtails or parted down the middle, and prominent freckles.

Piquet Piquets pn
Piquet

Piraeus pn
Le Pirée
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Pirandellian /ˌpɪɹənˈdɛlɪ.ən/ more Pirandellian most Pirandellian adj
pirandellien
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the works of Luigi Pirandello (1867–1936), Italian dramatist and poet; especially describing drama in which actors become inseparable and indistinct from the characters that they play.

Pironi Pironies Pironis pn
Pironi

Pisa pn
Pise
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Pisan adj
pisan pisane
Of or from Pisa.

Pisan Pisans n
Pisan Pisane
A native or inhabitant of Pisa.

Pisano period Pisano periods n
période de Pisano

Pisces /ˈpaɪsiːz/ /ˈpɪsiːz/ Pisces n
Poisson
Someone with a Pisces astrological sign.

Pisces /ˈpaɪsiːz/ /ˈpɪsiːz/ pn
Poissons
(zodiac constellations, astrology) The Fish, a Greco-Roman constellation of the zodiac named for its presumed resemblance to a pair of fish and supposed to be ruled by Neptune and to influence events occurring between February 20 and March 20 (tropical) or, less often, between March 15 and April 14 (sidereal).

Piscis Austrinus pn
Poisson austral
(constellation) An autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a fish. It contains the star Fomalhaut.

Pistoia pn
Pistoia
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Pitcairn Islands pn
Îles Pitcairn
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Plague of Justinian pn
peste de Justinien
(disease, historical) The first major pandemic outbreak of bubonic plague in the 6th century.

Plains of Abraham pn
Plaines d'Abraham
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a riverside plain atop the escarpment at the edge of the Saint-Lawrence River
Bataille des [[Plaines d'Abraham]]
Ellipsis of Battle of the Plains of Abraham., an 1759 battle that resulted in the change in sovereignty of the colonial province of Canada, New France, from the French Crown to the British Crown; becoming the colonial province of Quebec, British North America (later the British colonial province of Canada, thence Dominion of Canada)

Planalto slaty antshrike Planalto slaty antshrikes n
batara du Plano Alto
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus pelzelni (syn. Thamnophilus punctatus pelzelni)

Planck's constant n
constante de Planck
(quantum mechanics) the constant of proportionality (symbol ℎ), relating the energy and frequency of a photon (6.626×10−34 joule-second); also related to the indeterminacy limit in the Heisenberg uncertainty principle; the quantum of action

Planet X pn
planète X
(astronomy) A hypothetical planet in the Solar system, beyond the currently known outermost planet. (The term was applied to Eris for a short while, when Pluto was still considered the ninth planet.)

Plato /ˈpleɪ.toʊ/ /ˈpleɪ.təʊ/ pn
Platon
The Greek philosopher, 427–347 BC, follower of Socrates.

Platonic /pləˈtɒnɪk/ more Platonic most Platonic adj
platonicien
Of or relating to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato or his philosophies.

Plautdietsch /plaʊt.ditʃ/ pn
plautdietsch
Synonym of Mennonite Low German

PlayStation PlayStations n
PlayStation
(video games, trademark) A video game console of the "PlayStation" brand.

Pleiades /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiz/ /ˈplaɪ.əˌdiːz/ /ˈpleɪ.əˌdiz/ /ˈpliː.əˌdiz/ pn
Pléiades
(Greek god) The "seven sisters", companions of Artemis and daughters of the Titan Atlas and the sea-nymph Pleione.
(astronomy) An open cluster of hot blue stars in the constellation Taurus, and the most easily visible such cluster from Earth.

Plethon /ˈpliːθɒn/ /ˈpliːθən/ pn
Pléthon
Georgios Gemistos Plethon (c. 1355–1453), a Byzantine Greek philosopher.

Pleuven pn
Pleuven
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Pliensbachian pn
Pliensbachien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

Plinian adj
plinien
Of or pertaining to Pliny the Younger or Pliny the Elder.

Pliny /ˈplɪni/ Plinies Plinys pn
Pline
An ancient Roman praenomen.

Plotinus /pləʊˈtaɪnəs/ pn
Plotin
Roman philosopher 205–270; father of Neoplatonism

Plurinational State of Bolivia pn
État plurinational de Bolivie
Official name of Bolivia.

Plutarch /ˈplu.tɑɹk/ /ˈpluː.tɑːk/ pn
Plutarque
The classical historian and essayist Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus (46-120 C.E.). Often used as a byword for a biographer, to suggest that the writer is especially skilled or has other attributes associated with Plutarch.

Pluto /ˈplutoʊ/ /ˈpluːtəʊ/ [ˈpluɾoʊ] pn
Pluton
(Greek god, Roman god) Greco-Roman god of the underworld.
(astronomy) The largest dwarf planet and formerly the ninth planet, represented by the symbol ♇ or ⯓, both now used mostly in astrology. [from 1930]

Plutonian /pluˈtoʊ.ni.ən/ /pluːˈtəʊ.nɪ.ən/ more Plutonian most Plutonian adj
plutonien
(astronomy) Of or relating to the dwarf planet Pluto.
plutonien plutonique
(by extension, geology, historical) Synonym of plutonic (“of, pertaining to, or supporting plutonism, the theory that the rocks of the Earth were formed in fire by volcanic activity, with a continuing gradual process of weathering and erosion, then deposited on the sea bed, re-formed into layers of sedimentary rock by heat and pressure, and raised again”)

Plutonian /pluˈtoʊ.ni.ən/ /pluːˈtəʊ.nɪ.ən/ Plutonians n
plutonique
(geology, historical) A proponent of plutonism; a plutonist.
Plutonien Plutonienne
(chiefly, science fiction) An (imaginary) inhabitant of the dwarf planet Pluto.

Plutus pn
Ploutos Plutus

Pluviôse /ˈpluvioʊs/ /ˈpluːvɪəʊs/ Pluviôses pn
pluviôse
(historical) The fifth month of the French Republican Calendar, from January 20, 21 or 22 to February 18, 19 or 20.

Pnyx /ˈnɪks/ /ˈpnɪks/ pn
Pnyx
(Ancient Greece, historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError west of the Acropolis with a stone platform and steps set into its side, which was used as the meeting place of the democratic assembly in Ancient Greece.

Po pn
Pô
TemplateParserError:LuaError, which flows 652 kilometers eastward to the Adriatic Sea near Venice.

Po valley pn
plaine du Pô
A large plain that occupies most of northern Italy south of the Alps, surrounding the river Po.

Poconos /ˈpoʊkənoʊz/ pn
Poconos

Podgorica /ˈpɒdɡəɹɪtsa/ pn
Podgorica
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Podhale pn
Podhale
Poland's southernmost region, sometimes referred to as the "Polish highlands".

Podolia pn
Podolie

Podunk /ˈpoʊdʌŋk/ pn
Trifouillis-les-Oies
(US) Mythical small town of no importance. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Pohnpeian pn
pohnpei
The Micronesian language of the island state of Pohnpei

Poilievre /ˌpɑliˈɛv/ Poilievres pn
Poilievre

Pointe-à-Pitre pn
Pointe-à-Pitre
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Poipet pn
Poipet
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Poitevin /ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/ /ˈpwʌtəvæ̃/ adj
poitevin
Of or pertaining to the region of Poitou in France.
Of or pertaining to the city of Poitiers in France.

Poitevin /ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/ /ˈpwʌtəvæ̃/ Poitevins n
Poitevin Poitevine
A native or resident of Poitiers.

Poitevin /ˈpwɑːtəvæ̃/ /ˈpwʌtəvæ̃/ pn
poitevin
The dialect of Poitevin-Saintongeais spoken in Poitou.

Poitiers /ˈpwɑti.eɪ/ /ˈpwɑːtɪ.eɪ/ /ˈpwʌtɪ.eɪ/ /ˌpwɑtiˈeɪ/ pn
Poitiers
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Poitou /pwɑˈtu/ /ˈpwɑːtuː/ /ˈpwʌtuː/ pn
Poitou
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Poitou-Charentes /pwɑˌtu ʃɑˈɹɑnt/ /ˌpwɑːtuː ʃaˈɹɒnt/ /ˌpwʌtuː ʃaˈɹɒnt/ pn
Poitou-Charentes
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Pokémon /ˈpoʊ.keɪˌmɑn/ /ˈpoʊ.ki.mɔn/ /ˈpoʊ.kiˌmɑn/ /ˈpoʊ.kə.mɑn/ /ˈpəʊ.kə.mɒn/ [-ke-] [-kə-] [ˈpo(ː)kɪmɒ(ː)n] Pokémon n
Pokémon
A pocket monster; a fictional creature from the universe of the Pokémon franchise.

Polack /ˈpoʊlɑk/ /ˈpəʊlæk/ Polacks n
Polak
(now, _, North America, _, offensive, _, slang) A Pole, or person of Polish descent.

Poland /ˈpoʊ.lənd/ /ˈpəʊ.lənd/ pn
Pologne
TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the home country of a plantation manager.

Polari /pəˈlɑːri/ pn
polari
A cant used in the London fishmarkets, in the British theatre, and by the gay community in Britain, attested since at least the 19th century and popularised in the 1950s and 1960s by the camp characters Julian and Sandy in the popular BBC radio show Round the Horne.

Polaris /pɔʊˈlɑɹɪs/ pn
Étoile polaire
(star) α Ursae Minoris, a trinary star in the constellation Ursa Minor located near the north celestial pole for the last 1500 years.

Pole /poʊl/ /pɔʊl/ /pəʊl/ Poles n
Polonais Polonaise
A person from Poland or of Polish descent.

Polesia pn
Polésie
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Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ adj
polonais
Of, from or native to Poland, or relating to the Polish language.

Polish /ˈpoʊlɪʃ/ /ˈpəʊlɪʃ/ n
polonais
The language spoken in Poland.

Polish People's Republic pn
République populaire de Pologne
(historical) A Marxist-Leninist country in Central Europe that existed from 1947 to 1989, the predecessor of the current Republic of Poland.

Polish notation n
notation polonaise
(arithmetic, logic) A notation for arithmetic (and logical) formulae in which operations (respectively, quantifiers and operands) are written immediately before their operands, used to avoid the need for parentheses; for example, 3 * (4 + 7) is written as * 3 + 4 7 and A AND B is written as AND A B.

Polish studies n
polonistique
(humanities) An academic discipline that includes the study of literatures written in the Polish language, Polish linguistics, and Polish sociolinguistics.

Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth pn
Commonwealth polonais-lituanien
A confederation of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, 1569–1795.

Pollux pn
Pollux
(Greek god) One of the Dioscuri, son of Zeus and Leda, brother of Castor.
(star) A star in the constellation Gemini; beta (β) Geminorum.

Pollyanna /ˌpɒliˈænə/ Pollyannas n
Pollyanna
One who is persistently cheerful and optimistic, even when given cause not to be so.

Polonization Polonizations n
polonisation
The process of Polonizing.

Polonize v
poloniser
(transitive) To make Polish as to custom, culture, language, or style; to adapt to the norms of the Republic of Poland.

Polonophone adj
polonophone
Polish-speaking.

Polonophone Polonophones n
polonophone
A speaker of Polish.

Polotsk /ˈpɒlətsk/ pn
Polatsk Polotsk
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Polovtsian /pə(ʊ)ˈlɒvtsɪən/ more Polovtsian most Polovtsian adj
polovtsien
Of or pertaining to the Polovtsians.

Poltava pn
Poltava
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Polyclitus /ˌpɑ.lɪˈkli(ː).təs/ /ˌpɑl.ɪˈklaɪ.təs/ pn
Polyclète
A en given name

Polynesia /pɒləˈniːzi.ə/ /ˌpɑːləˈniːʒə/ pn
Polynésie
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Polynesian Polynesians n
Polynésien Polynésienne
A person from Polynesia.

Polyphemus /ˌpɒlɪˈfiːməs/ pn
Polyphème
(Greek mythology) A cyclops in Homer's Odyssey.

Pomerania /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniə/ pn
Poméranie
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Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ more Pomeranian most Pomeranian adj
poméranien poméranienne
Of or relating to Pomerania.

Pomeranian /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪniən/ /ˌpɒməˈɹeɪnjən/ Pomeranians n
Poméranien Poméranienne
A native or inhabitant of Pomerania.
spitz nain
A breed of small, fluffy, energetic toy dogs in the canine family of spitzes.

Pompeii /pɑːmˈpeɪ(i)/ /pɒmˈpeɪ(i)/ pn
Pompéi
A city and commune in the Metropolitan City of Naples, Campania, Italy.

Pompey /ˈpɒm.pi/ pn
Pompée
(historical) A military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.

Pont-Saint-Martin pn
Pont-Saint-Martin
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Pontic /ˈpɒntɪk/ adj
pontique

Pontus /ˈpɑːntəs/ /ˈpɒntəs/ pn
Pont
the present-day region covering the eastern half of the southern coast of the Black Sea.

Ponzi scheme Ponzi schemes n
pyramide de Ponzi système de Ponzi
A fraudulent scheme where earlier investors are paid with the money taken from new investors, giving the impression that the scheme is a viable investment.

Poor Clare Poor Clares n
clarisse

Popemobile Popemobiles n
papamobile
(informal) Any of various vehicles with bulletproof glass sides used to transport the Pope through crowds safely while allowing an open view.

Popperian more Popperian most Popperian adj
poppérien
Of or relating to the philosophy of philosopher Karl R. Popper.

Pordenone pn
Pordenone
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Pori pn
Pori
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Porphyry pn
Porphyre
A Tyrian Neoplatonic philosopher.

Port Elizabeth pn
Port Elizabeth
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Port Fuad pn
Port-Fouad
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Port Louis pn
Port-Louis
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Port Moresby /ˌpɔɹt ˈmɔɹzbi/ pn
Port Moresby
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Port Said /pɔɹt saɪd/ /pɔɹt sɑˈiːd/ /pɔːt sɑˈiːd/ pn
Port-Saïd
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Port aux Basques /ˈpɔɹt oʊ ˈbæsk/ pn
Port aux Basques Port-aux-Basques

Port of Spain /ˈpɔːt əv ˈspeɪn/ pn
Port-d'Espagne
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Port-au-Prince /ˌpɔɹtoʊˈpɹæ̃s/ /ˌpɔɹtoʊˈpɹɪns/ /ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹæ̃s/ /ˌpɔːtəʊˈpɹɪns/ pn
Port-au-Prince
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Porter Porters pn
Porter Portier
A surname originating as an occupation.

Portier Portiers pn
Portier

Portmore pn
Portmore
A city in the parish of Saint Catherine, Jamaica.

Porto Vecchio /ˌpɔɹtoʊ ˈvɛkioʊ/ /ˌpɔːtə(ʊ) ˈvɛkiəʊ/ pn
Porto-Vecchio
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Portoferraio /ˌpɔː(ɹ)təʊfəˈɹaɪəʊ/ pn
Portoferraio
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Portsmouth pn
Portsmouth
An English earldom

Portugal /ˈpɔɹtuɡɑːl/ /ˈpɔɹt͡ʃəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːtjəɡəl/ /ˈpɔːt͡ʃəɡəl/ pn
Portugal
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Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ more Portuguese most Portuguese adj
portugais portugaise Portugais
Of or pertaining to the people of Portugal or their culture.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ Portuguese Portugueses n
Portugais Portugaise portos
(chiefly, in the plural) A person native to, or living in, Portugal.

Portuguese /ˈpɔɹ.t͡ʃə.ɡiz/ /ˌpɔː.t͡ʃəˈɡiːz/ pn
portugais Portugais
A Romance language originating in Portugal, and now the official language of Portugal, Angola, Mozambique, São Tomé and Príncipe, Guiné Bissau (Guinea-Bissau), Cape Verde, East Timor, and Brazil.

Portuguese Republic pn
République portugaise
The official name of Portugal.

Portuguese Water Dog /ˌpɔɹtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/ /ˌpɔːtʃəɡiːz ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/ Portuguese Water Dogs n
chien d'eau portugais
A water spaniel breed of gun dog originating in Portugal.

Portuguese man-of-war /ˈmæn-/ /ˈpoɹ-/ /ˈpoɹ.tʃəˌɡiz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwoɹ/ /ˈpɔː.tʃʊˌɡiːz ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwɔː/ Portuguese men-of-war n
galère portugaise physalie vessie de mer
Physalia physalis, a marine cnidarian consisting of a floating colony of hydrozoans attached to a float, superficially resembling a jellyfish.

Portuguese oak Portuguese oaks n
chêne portugais chêne du Portugal
A species of oak, Quercus faginea, native to the western Mediterranean region of the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands.

Portuguesism Portuguesisms n
lusitanisme portugaisisme
(uncountable) Portuguese attitudes and beliefs generally.
(countable) A word, phrase, etc. characteristic of Portuguese speakers.

Portuñol pn
portugnol
A mix of Portuguese and Spanish.

Posadism n
posadisme

Posadist adj
posadiste

Poseidon /pəˈsaɪdn̩/ pn
Poséidon
(Greek god) The god of the sea and other waters, earthquakes and horses; corresponds to the Roman god Neptune.

Potanin Potanins pn
Potanine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Пота́нин (Potánin)

Potawatomi Potawatomi Potawatomis n
potéouatami potéouatamis
A member of a Native American people of the upper Mississippi River region.

Potawatomi pn
Potéouatamis
The Algonquian language spoken by the Potawatomi people.

Potemkin village Potemkin villages n
village Potemkine
(idiomatic) Any false construct devised to disguise a shortcoming or improve appearances.

Potenza pn
Potenza
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Poulain Poulains pn
Poulain

Poulin Poulins pn
Poulin

Poupon Poupons pn
Poupon
A surname from French

Powerstock pn
Powerstock

Poznan /ˈpɒznæn/ pn
Poznań
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Praetorian Praetorians n
prétorien
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of a special bodyguard force used by Roman emperors, their symbol being the scorpion.

Pragian pn
Praguien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Devonian period.

Prague /pɹeɪ̯ɡ/ /pɹɑːɡ/ pn
praguois pragois
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Prague praguois pragois
(metonym) The Czech government.

Praguer Praguers n
Pragoise Pragois
a native or resident of Prague, Czechia

Prairial /pɹɛɹˈjɑl/ /ˈpɹɛːɹɪ.əl/ Prairials pn
prairial
(historical) The ninth month of the French Republican Calendar, from May 20 or 21 to June 18 or 19.

Prakrit /ˈpɹɑː.kɹɪt/ Prakrits pn
prakrit
Any one of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages, all derived from dialects of Old Indo-Aryan languages. [from 1766]

Prancer pn
Furie
The third reindeer of Santa Claus.

Praskovya pn
Prascovie

Prat-Bonrepaux pn
Prat-Bonrepaux
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Prato pn
Prato
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Pravda /ˈpɹɑːvdə/ pn
Pravda
The official newspaper of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, and successor papers.

Pre-Hlai pn
pré-hlaï

Preah Vihear pn
Preah Vihéar
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Prealps pn
Préalpes
The foothills at the base of the Alps.

Precambrian adj
précambrien
(informal, geology) Relating to the time and geology dated before the Phanerozoic

Premonstratensian Premonstratensians n
prémontré
A member of the Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré, a Catholic religious order of canons regular.

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ adj
presbytérien
Relating to Presbyterianism.

Presbyterian /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ /ˌpɹɛz.bɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ Presbyterians n
presbytérien
A person belonging to a church in the tradition of Presbyterianism.

Presbyterianism n
presbytérianisme
A form of Protestant Christianity based on Calvinism.

Pressburg /ˈpɹɛs.bɚɡ/ pn
Presbourg
(dated) Bratislava, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Pretoria /pɹəˈtɔːɹi.ə/ pn
Pretoria Prétoria
(metonym) the South African government

Prešov pn
Prešov
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Priabonian pn
Priabonien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch.

Priam /ˈpɹaɪəm/ pn
Priam
(Greek mythology) The king of Troy during the Iliad

Priapus /pɹaɪˈeɪpəs/ pn
Priape
(Greek god) The son of Aphrodite and Dionysus, god of procreation, and guardian of gardens and vineyards; personification of the phallus.

Pribilof Islands pn
îles Pribilof
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Pride /pɹaɪd/ Prides pn
Marche des fiertés
A festival primarily for LGBT people, usually organized annually within a city.
fierté
A movement encouraging a positive approach to personal identity amongst LGBT people.

Pride Month pn
mois de la fierté mois des fiertés pride
(US) The month of June, declared for LGBT pride in commemoration of the Stonewall riots of June 1969.

Prigozhin /pɹɪˈɡoʊʒɪn/ Prigozhins pn
Prigogine Prigojine
A surname from Russian

Primorsky Krai pn
Kraï du Primorie Primorie
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Prince Albert Prince Alberts n
Prince Albert
(slang) A piercing through the glans penis.

Prince Charming Prince Charmings Princes Charming n
prince charmant
(by extension) A heterosexual woman's prototypical ideal romantic partner, especially but not necessarily if he embodies common characteristics of the fictional princes, such as being courageous or chivalrous.

Prince Edward Island pn
Île-du-Prince-Édouard
an island in the subantarctic Indian Ocean, part of the Prince Edward Islands, under the care and protection of South African Environmental Management

Prince Edward Islander Prince Edward Islanders n
Prince-Édouardien Prince-Édouardienne
A native or inhabitant of Prince Edward Island, Canada.

Prince of Darkness Princes of Darkness pn
prince des ténèbres
(uncountable) Satan; the Devil.

Prince of Peace pn
Prince de la paix
(Christianity) Jesus

Prince of Wales pn
prince de Galles
A royal title given to the male heir apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom.

Principality of Monaco pn
Principauté de Monaco
The official name of Monaco.

Principality of Wales pn
principauté de Galles

Pringle Pringles n
Pringle
An individual potato snack of the Pringles brand.

Pripyat pn
Pripiat Pripyat
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Priscilla /pɹɪˈsɪlə/ pn
Priscille
A en given name of biblical origin.

Pristina pn
Pristina
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Procopius /pɹəˈkoʊ.pi.əs/ /pɹəˈkəʊ.piː.əs/ pn
Procope
A en given name.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Saint Procopius, an early Christian martyr of the 3rd century C.E.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius, a Roman imperial usurper of the 4th century C.E.
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by Procopius of Caesarea, a Byzantine Greek historian of the 6th century C.E.

Procrustes pn
Procruste
(Greek mythology) A celebrated legendary highwayman of Attica, who tied his victims upon an iron bed, and, as the case required, either stretched or cut off their legs to adapt them to its length.

Procyon /ˈpɹoʊsiˌɑn/ /ˈpɹəʊsiˌɒn/ pn
Procyon
(star) A star in the constellation Canis Minor; Alpha (α) Canis Minoris. The eighth brightest star in the night sky.

Produnova Produnovas n
Produnova saut Produnova
(gymnastics) a vault on the vaulting horse or vaulting table that starts with a front handspring off the gymnastics horse leading to two-and-a-half somersaults in the air, and then landing on their feet. (a three-point landing with the butt and feet is considered a fall)

Produnova Produnovas pn
Produnova
A transliteration of the Russian surname Продунова (Produnova).

Progressive Conservative adj
progressiste-conservateur
(Canada, politics) Pertaining to the Progressive Conservative Party.

Progressive Conservative Party pn
Parti progressiste-conservateur
(Canada, politics) a political party in Canada with a right of centre ideology, which succeed the old Conservative Party of Canada, Liberal-Conservative Party of Canada, Blue Party and absorbed the Progressive Party of Canada. It was itself succeeded by the new Conservative Party of Canada.

Prohibition pn
Prohibition
(history) Any of several periods during which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages were restricted or illegal.

Promethean /pɹoʊ-/ /pɹəˈmi.θi.ən/ /pɹəˈmiː.θɪ.ən/ more Promethean most Promethean adj
prométhéen
Of or pertaining to Prometheus, a demigod in Greek mythology who created mortals from clay and stole fire from Zeus to give to them, for which Zeus punished him by chaining him to a rock and having an eagle feed on his liver which grew back each night; he was later rescued by Heracles.
(rare) Of or pertaining to the promethea silkmoth (Callosamia promethea).

Prometheus /pɹoʊˈmiθi.əs/ /pɹəˈmiːθi.əs/ pn
Prométhée
(Greek god) The Titan chiefly honored for stealing fire from Zeus in the stalk of a fennel plant and giving it to mortals for their use. The god of fire and craft.

Promised Land Promised Lands n
terre promise
(idiomatic, sometimes, lower case) Any place to which one eagerly seeks to go and which one expects to greatly improve one's situation.

Promised Land pn
Terre Promise Terre promise
(Judaism, Christianity) The area historically known as Judea, which was promised to the Israelites by God according to oral tradition recorded in the Book of Genesis.

Prophet Prophets pn
Prophète
(Islam, with "the") Muhammad.

Prost Prosts pn
Prost

Proterozoic /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹoʊˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹrəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/ adj
protérozoïque
(geology) Of or relating to the geologic eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma.

Proterozoic /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹoʊˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊt(ə)ɹrəˈzoʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəʊˈzəʊɪk/ /ˌpɹɒt(ə)ɹəˈzəʊɪk/ pn
protérozoïque
(geology) The eon from 2,500 Ma to 541.0±1.0 Ma, the beginning of the Phanerozoic, marked by the build up of oxygen in the atmosphere and the emergence of primitive multicellular life.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ more Protestant most Protestant adj
protestant
(Christianity) Of or pertaining to several denominations of Christianity that separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation.

Protestant /ˈpɹɑtɪstənt/ /ˈpɹɒtɪstənt/ Protestants n
protestant protestante
(Christianity) A member of any of several Christian denominations which separated from the Roman Catholic Church based on theological or political differences during the Reformation (or in some cases later).

Protestantism /ˈpɹɑ.tɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ /ˈpɹɑ.ɾɪs.tən.tɪ.zm̩/ /ˈpɹɒt.ɪs.tən.tɪ.zəm/ Protestantisms n
protestantisme
The Protestant (rather than the Roman Catholic or Orthodox) Christian faith.

Proteus /ˈpɹoʊti.əs/ /ˈpɹəʊtjuːs/ pn
Protée
(Greek god) A sea god who could change his shape at will.
(astronomy) The sixth satellite of the planet Neptune

Proto-Afroasiatic adj
proto-afro-asiatique
(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Afroasiatic language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Afroasiatic pn
proto-afro-asiatique
(linguistics) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Afroasiatic languages.

Proto-Algic pn
proto-algique

Proto-Algonquian pn
proto-algonquien

Proto-Altaic pn
proto-altaïque
The hypothetical prehistoric ancestor of all Altaic languages, the existence of which is now often rejected.

Proto-Armenian pn
proto-arménien
The reconstructed ancestor of the Armenian language.

Proto-Baltic pn
proto-balte
The reconstructed ancestor of the Baltic languages, descended from Proto-Balto-Slavic.

Proto-Brythonic pn
proto-brittanique
Hypothetical ancestor language of all Brythonic languages, including Welsh.

Proto-Celtic pn
proto-celtique
The putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages.

Proto-Dravidian pn
proto-dravidien
The hypothetical, ancestral proto-language from which the Dravidian languages are descended.

Proto-Germanic pn
proto-germanique
Hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Germanic languages, including English.

Proto-Greek n
proto-grec proto-hellénique
The earliest form of the Greek language, the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including Mycenaean and the classical Greek dialects; the language was already spoken by the ancestors of the Greeks in the Balkans (i.e. Greece) during the Neolithic period or the Bronze Age.

Proto-Hlai pn
proto-hlaï

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ adj
indoeuropéen indo-européen commun
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Indo-European language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ Proto-Indo-Europeans n
Indo-européen Indoeuropéen
(anthropology, countable) A person who spoke the Proto-Indo-European language.

Proto-Indo-European /-ˌjɔːɹəˈ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ̯toʊ̯ˌɪndoʊ̯ˌjʊɹəˈpi.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ̯təʊ̯ˌɪndə(ʊ̯)ˌjʊə̯ɹəˈpiːən/ pn
indo-européen commun indoeuropéen
(linguistics, uncountable) The reconstructed ancestor language or protolanguage of the Indo-European family of languages, which includes most European, Iranian, and Indian languages.

Proto-Indo-Iranian pn
proto-indo-iranien
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Indo-Aryan languages, the Iranian languages, the Dardic languages and the Nuristani languages.

Proto-Italic pn
proto-italique
Hypothetical prehistoric Indo-European language, ancestor of all Italic languages.

Proto-Japonic pn
proto-japonique
(linguistics) The hypothetical ancestral language of both modern Japanese and the Ryukyuan languages.

Proto-Kartvelian pn
kartvèle commun kartvélien commun proto-kartvèle proto-kartvélien
The reconstructed ancestor of the Kartvelian languages.

Proto-Koreanic pn
proto-coréanique proto-coréen
(linguistics) A hypothetical proto-language from which Korean, Jeju, Baekje, and all the other Koreanic languages and varieties later emerged.

Proto-Mayan pn
proto-maya
The hypothetical prehistoric ancestor language of all Mayan languages.

Proto-Mon-Khmer pn
proto-môn-khmer

Proto-Norse pn
proto-norrois
An Indo-European language spoken in Scandinavia and ancestral to Old Norse that evolved from Proto-Germanic over the first centuries AD.

Proto-Slavic adj
proto-slave
Of or pertaining to the people or nation that spoke Proto-Slavic.

Proto-Slavic pn
proto-slave
(linguistics) A hypothetical, reconstructed language whence all the Slavic languages later descended.

Proto-Turkic pn
proto-turc proto-turcique
A hypothetical proto-language from which Old Turkic and all the other Turkic languages later emerged.

Proto-Uralic pn
proto-ouralien
The ancestor language of the Uralic language family, usually written with the UPA-transcription system.

Proto-Vietic pn
proto-viétique

Proto-Yeniseian adj
Proto-ienisseïenne proto-ienisseïen
(linguistics, anthropology) Of or pertaining to the Proto-Yeniseian language, or the people who spoke it.

Proto-Yeniseian Proto-Yeniseians n
Proto-ienisseïen Proto-ienisseïenne
(anthropology) A person who spoke the Proto-Yeniseian language.

Proto-Yeniseian pn
proto-ienisseïen
(linguistics, uncountable) The hypothetical ancestor language or protolanguage of Yeniseian languages spoken in central Siberia.

Proudhonian adj
proudhonien
Of, or pertaining to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon or his ideas.

Proudhonism n
proudhonisme

Proulx /ˈpɹu/ Proulxes Proulxs pn
Proulx

Proustian /ˈpɹusti.ən/ /ˈpɹuːstɪ.ən/ more Proustian most Proustian adj
proustien
Of, pertaining to, or reminiscent of Marcel Proust (1871–1922), French novelist, or his works.

Provence /pɹəˈvɒns/ /pɹəˈvɒ̃s/ pn
Provence
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Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur pn
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
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Provençal /ˌpɹɒvɑːnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvɒnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvənˈsɑːl/ Provençals Provençaux n
Provençal Provençale
An inhabitant of Provence.

Provençal /ˌpɹɒvɑːnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvɒnˈsɑːl/ /ˌpɹɒvənˈsɑːl/ pn
provençal
(strictly) The Romance Occitan dialect of Provence.

Proverbs Proverb pn
Proverbes
A book of the Old Testament of Bible, and of the Tanakh, being a collection of moral maxims.

Providence pn
Providence
Divine care or direction, the will of God or the gods; fate.

Proxima Centauri /ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mə sɛnˈtaʊ.ɹi/ /ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mə sɛnˈtɔ.ɹi/ /ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mə sɛnˈtaʊə.ɹi/ /ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mə sɛnˈtɔː.ɹi/ pn
Alpha Centauri C Proxima Centauri Proxima du Centaure
(star) A red dwarf star, part of the Alpha Centauri system and the nearest star to Earth's solar system.

Prudence pn
Prudence
A en given name, one of the Puritan virtue names.

Prudhomme Prudhommes pn
Prud'homme Prudhomme

Prussia /ˈpɹʌʃə/ pn
Prusse
(chiefly, historical) A geographical area on the Baltic coast of northeastern Europe.
(historical) A German province which was originally located in this area but later greatly expanded, and which was the predecessor to and a member of the German Empire; abolished as an administrative unit at the end of the Second World War.
(countable) A country known for exceptional military professionalism in her region. Historically used for Bulgaria as the "Prussia of the Balkans".

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ adj
prussien
Of, from, or pertaining to Prussia.

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ Prussians n
Prussien Prussienne
A native or inhabitant of the geographical region of Prussia.
(historical) A citizen of the German state of Prussia.

Prussian /ˈpɹʌ.ʃən/ pn
prussien
The Prussian language; see Old Prussian and New Prussian.

Przewalski's horse /pʒɛˈvɑːlskiz ˈhɔː(ɹ)s/ Przewalski's horses n
cheval de Przewalski
A rare, endangered horse, Equus ferus przewalskii, native to the steppes of Central Asia.

Psalms /sæmz/ /sɑlmz/ /sɑmz/ /sɑːmz/ /sɔlmz/ /sɔmz/ pn
Psaumes

Psyche /ˈsaɪ.ki/ pn
Psyché
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The personification of the soul. Originally a mortal princess who later married Eros/Cupid, (the god of love), was deified, and bore him a daughter, Hedone/Voluptas.

Ptolemaic /ˌtɑl.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌtɒl.əˈmeɪ.ɪk/ adj
ptolémaïque
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Ptolemy dynasty of pharaohs, the Ptolemies, rulers of Hellenistic Egypt.

Ptolemy /ˈtɑləmi/ /ˈtɒləmi/ pn
Ptolémée
A en given name of Greek origin, borne by historical persons in ancient Egypt.

Puccinian more Puccinian most Puccinian adj
puccinien
Of or pertaining to Giacomo Puccini.

Puducherry /ˌpʊdʊˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ pn
Pondichéry
Capital of the union territory of Puducherry (Pondicherry).

Puebla pn
Puebla
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Puebla City pn
Puebla
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Puerto Galera /ˌpwɛɹtoʊ ɡɑ ˈleɪɹə/ pn
Puerto Galera
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Puerto Rican /ˌpwɛə(ɹ).təˈɹiː.kən/ /ˌpwɜː(ɹ).təˈɹiː.kən/ /ˌpɔɹ.təˈɹiː.kən/ more Puerto Rican most Puerto Rican adj
portoricain
Of, from or relating to Puerto Rico or its people.

Puerto Rican /ˌpwɛə(ɹ).təˈɹiː.kən/ /ˌpwɜː(ɹ).təˈɹiː.kən/ /ˌpɔɹ.təˈɹiː.kən/ Puerto Ricans n
Portoricain Portoricaine
A person from Puerto Rico.

Puerto Rico /ˌpwɛə(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpwɛɹtoʊˈɹikoʊ/ /ˌpwɜː(ɹ)təˈɹiːkəʊ/ /ˌpɔɹtəˈɹikoʊ/ [ˌpɔɚɾəˈɹikoʊ] pn
Porto Rico Puerto Rico
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Pula pn
Pula
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Pulitzer Prize /ˌpjulɪtsɚ ˈpɹaɪz/ /ˌpjuːlɪtsə ˈpɹaɪz/ /ˌpʊlɪtsə ˈpɹaɪz/ /ˌpʊlɪtsɚ ˈpɹaɪz/ Pulitzer Prizes n
prix Pulitzer
An annual American award given for journalism, literature, and music

Pumpokol pn
poumpokole

Punch pn
Guignol
(British) A glove puppet who is the main character used in a Punch and Judy show.

Pune pn
Pune
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Punic /ˈpjuːnɪk/ more Punic most Punic adj
punique

Punic /ˈpjuːnɪk/ pn
punique
The language of Carthage.

Punic faith n
foi punique

Punjab /pan.ˈdʒaːb/ /pə̃.ˈdʒaːb/ /pʊn.ˈdʒɑːb/ /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ /ˈpuːn.dʒɑːb/ pn
Pendjab Penjab
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Punjabi /puːn.ˈdʒɑːbi/ /pʊnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ /pʌnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ adj
pendjabi penjabi
Of, pertaining to, descended from the people or culture of the Punjab, or written in the Punjabi language.

Punjabi /puːn.ˈdʒɑːbi/ /pʊnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ /pʌnˈd͡ʒɑːbi/ Punjabis n
pendjabi panjâbî
(uncountable) The main language spoken in the Punjab region, in eastern Pakistan and Northern India.
Pendjabi Pendjabie
(countable) Resident or descendant of or immigrant from the Punjab.

Puno pn
Puno
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Puppis pn
Poupe
(constellation) A winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the stern of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Purgatory pn
purgatoire
(Christianity) An intermediate state after death in which some of those ultimately destined for Heaven must first undergo purification prior to entering Heaven.

Purim /-im/ /puˈɹɪm/ /ˈpjʊəɹ-/ /ˈpʊəɹɪm/ pn
Pourim
(Judaism) A Jewish festival, celebrated on the 14th day of Adar, commemorating the deliverance of the Persian Jews from a complete massacre at the hand of Haman the Amalekite.

Puritan /ˈpjɔːɹɪtən/ /ˈpjɝɪtən/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪtən/ /ˈpjʊɹɪtən/ Puritans n
puritain
A member of a particular Protestant religious sect advocating greater purity and piety.

Pushilin pn
Pouchiline
A transliteration of a Russian surname.

Pushkin pn
Pouchkine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Пу́шкин (Púškin).

Pushkinian more Pushkinian most Pushkinian adj
pouchkinien
Of or relating to Alexander Pushkin (Russian: Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин, 1799–1837), Russian author of the Romantic era.

Puss in Boots pn
chat botté
A 17th-century French literary fairy tale about a cat who uses trickery and deceit to gain power, wealth, and the hand of a princess in marriage for his penniless and low-born master.

Putin /ˈpuː.tɪn/ Putins pn
Poutine
A surname from Russian.

Putinesque more Putinesque most Putinesque adj
poutinesque
Reminiscent of the beliefs or policies of Vladimir Putin (born 1952), President of Russia since 2012.

Putinism pn
poutinisme
(politics) The political policies of Vladimir Putin; the Russian political system during Putin’s tenure in power.

Putinist adj
poutinien poutinienne poutiniste
Of or relating to Putinism.

Putinist Putinists n
poutinien poutinienne poutiniste
(politics) A supporter of Putinism.

Putler [ˈput.lɚ] [ˈpuːt.lə] pn
Poutler
(derogatory) Vladimir Putin (president of Russia)

Putonghua /ˌputɑŋˈhwɑ/ /ˌputɔŋˈhwɑ/ /ˌpuːtɒŋˈhwɑː/ pn
putonghua
Standard Mandarin, the official language of the People's Republic of China; the state-designated national speech of the Han nationality using Beijing pronunciation as the standard pronunciation, Beijing speech as the basic dialect, and the model writing of the modern vernacular prose as the norm for grammar.

Putrajaya pn
Putrajaya
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Puy-de-Dôme pn
Puy-de-Dôme
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Pyeongchang /pjɒŋˈt͡ʃæŋ/ /pjʌŋˈt͡ʃæŋ/ /pjʌŋˈt͡ʃɑːŋ/ pn
Pyeongchang
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Pyongyang /ˌpjɑŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjɒŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjɔŋˈjæŋ/ /ˌpjʌŋˈjɑŋ/ /ˌpjʌŋˈjɑːŋ/ pn
Pyongyang
(metonym) The North Korean government.

Pyotr pn
Piotr

Pyrenean /ˌpɪɹəˈniːən/ adj
pyrénéen
Of or pertaining to the Pyrenees, a range of mountains separating France and Spain

Pyrenean chamois Pyrenean chamois Pyrenean chamoises n
isard
Rupicapra pyrenaica, a goat-antelope that lives in the Pyrenees and the Apennine Mountains of central Italy.

Pyrenean ibex Pyrenean ibexes n
bouquetin des Pyrénées
A recently extinct subspecies of the Iberian ibex (†Capra pyrenaica pyrenaica).

Pyrenees pn
Pyrénées
The mountain range separating Spain from France, inhabited by Basques in the west, Occitans in the centre-north, Aragonese in the centre-south, and Catalans in the east.

Pyrrha /ˈpɪrə/ [ˈpʰɪɹ̠ə] pn
Pyrrha

Pyrrhic victory /ˌpɪɹ.ɪk ˈvɪk.t(ə)ɹ.i/ Pyrrhic victories n
victoire à la Pyrrhus
A very costly victory, wherein the considerable losses outweigh the gain, so as to render the struggle not worth the cost.

Pyrénées-Atlantiques pn
Pyrénées-Atlantiques
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Pyrénées-Orientales pn
Pyrénées-Orientales
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Pythagoras /paɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ /pɪˈθæɡ.əɹ.əs/ pn
Pythagore
Pythagoras (c. 570 – c. 495 BC), an Ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher.

Pythagorean /pɪˌθaɡəˈɹiːən/ more Pythagorean most Pythagorean adj
pythagoricien
Pertaining to Pythagoras or his philosophy. [from 16th c.]

Pythagorean /pɪˌθaɡəˈɹiːən/ Pythagoreans n
pythagoricien pythagoricienne
A follower of Pythagoras; someone who believes in or advocates Pythagoreanism. [from 16th c.]

Pythagorean theorem pn
théorème de Pythagore
(geometry) A mathematical theorem which states that the square of the length of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to the sum of the squares of those of the two other sides.

Pythagorean triple Pythagorean triples n
triplet pythagoricien
(mathematics) A set of three positive integers a, b and c, for which a^2 + b^2 = c^2.

Pythia Pythias n
pythie

Python /ˈpaɪθɑn/ /ˈpaɪθɔn/ /ˈpaɪθən/ pn
Python
(Greek mythology) The earth-dragon of Delphi, represented as a serpent, killed by Apollo.
(computing) An interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language invented by Guido van Rossum.

Pythoness Pythonesses n
pythie
(history) The priestess of the oracle of Apollo at Delphi.

Pyxis pn
Boussole
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble the compass of a ship. It is associated with the larger Argo Navis, although it was never officially part of that constellation.

Pärnu pn
Pärnu
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Pärnu County pn
comté de Pärnu

Père David's tit Père David's tits n
mésange de David
Poecile davidi, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

Périgord pn
Périgord
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Périllos pn
Périllos
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Q /kju/ /kjuː/ /kjʉː/ n
D
(card games, chess)

Q fever n
fièvre Q
An infectious disease, resembling influenza, caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii (previously classified as Rickettsia burnetii).

Q.E.D. /ˌkjuˌiˈdi/ /ˌkjuːiːˈdiː/ phraseologicalUnit
CQFD

QAnon /ˌkju əˈnɑn/ /ˌkjuː əˈnɒn/ /ˌkjʉː ɘˈnɔn/ pn
QAnon
(US politics) An anonymous poster on the Internet message boards 4chan, 8chan and 8kun, claiming to possess Q clearance, who originated a pro-Trump conspiracy theory claiming that Donald Trump is working against a cabal of Satanic, cannibalistic pedophiles comprised of his political opponents.
(US politics) The conspiracy theory originated by this anonymous poster.
(US politics) The movement supporting this conspiracy theory.

QPF n
SQ
(law enforcement, Quebec) SQ — Quebec police force — Sûreté du Québec

QPP QPPs n
SQ
(law enforcement, Canada, uncountable) Initialism of Quebec Provincial Police (Sûreté du Québec); the police force of the Canadian province of Quebec..

QR code QR codes n
code QR
A two-dimensional barcode, typically used to link to a website.

QST n
TVQ
(Canada, taxation) Initialism of Quebec sales tax.

Qadarite Qadarites n
cadarien
A member of the Qadariyya, an early Islamic movement which held that man was endowed by God with free will.

Qajar Qajars n
Kadjar
A member of the Qajar dynasty.

Qaqqaq Qaqqaqs pn
Qaqqaq

Qasim pn
Qasim

Qatar /kəˈtɑɹ/ /ˈkæˌtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɑɹ/ /ˈkɑtɚ/ /ˈkʌtəɹ/ /ˈɡɑtəɹ/ /ˈɡʌtəɹ/ pn
Qatar Katar
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Qatari /kəˈtɑːɹ.i/ adj
qatarien qatari qatariote
Of, from, or pertaining to Qatar or the Qatari people.

Qatari /kəˈtɑːɹ.i/ Qataris n
Qatarien Qatariote Qatari
A person from Qatar or of Qatari descent.

Qin Mountains pn
monts Qinling
A major east-west mountain range in southern Shaanxi province, China.

Qing /tʃɪŋ/ pn
Dynastie Qing
Qing dynasty (1644–1912), the last imperial dynasty of China.

Qing dynasty /t͡ʃɪŋ ˌdaɪnəsti/ pn
dynastie Qing
The last dynasty of China, lasting from 1644 to 1912 C.E..

Quaker /ˈkweɪkɚ/ Quakers n
quaker
A believer of the Quaker faith and a member of the Society of Friends, known for their pacifist views.

Quakerism Quakerisms n
quakerisme
The belief system of the members of the Religious Society of Friends, an ostensibly Christian religious denomination that began in England in the 17th century.

Quaoar /ˈkwɑːwɑɹ/ pn
Quaoar

Quartararo /kwɔɹtəˈɹɑːɹoʊ/ Quartararos pn
Quartararo

Quaternary pn
quaternaire
(geology) The geological period of the Cenozoic Era immediately following the Tertiary. It is subdivided into the Pleistocene and the Holocene Epochs.

Qubadlı pn
Qubadli

Quebec /keɪˈbɛk/ /kwəˈbɛk/ /kwɪˈbɛk/ /kəˈbɛk/ /kɛˈbɛk/ Quebecs pn
Québec
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Quebec City /kwɪˈbɛk ˈsɪti/ /kəˈbɛk ˈsɪti/ /kɛˈbɛk ˈsɪti/ pn
Québec Ville de Québec
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Quebecism Quebecisms n
québécisme
(uncountable) The quality of belonging to or being characteristic of Quebec.
(uncountable) Allegiance or loyalty to Quebec.
(countable) A word or phrase of Quebec; one originating there, or only used there, or having special meaning there.

Quechua /ˈkɛt͡ʃwə/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃəwə/ pn
quechua
The language spoken by these people.

Quechuan /ˈkɛt͡ʃwən/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃəwən/ adj
kechua quechua
Of or pertaining to the Quechua people or language.

Queen Charlotte Islands pn
Îles de la Reine-Charlotte
(historical) Haida Gwaii.

Queen City pn
Ville reine
A nickname for various cities and towns, including:

Queen of Heaven pn
Reine du Ciel
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Catholicism) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role as queen of Heaven.

Queen's Counsel n
conseiller de la Reine

Queensland /ˈkwiːnz.lænd/ /ˈkwiːnzlənd/ /ˈkwɪːnzˌlæːnd/ pn
Queensland
(historical) The self-governing colony (1859—1901) of what is now the state of Queensland.

Quentin /ˈkwɛntɪn/ pn
Quentin
A en given name.
A en given name occasionally used.

Quenya /ˈkwɛnjə/ [ˈkʷwɛɲja] pn
quenya
A constructed language created by J. R. R. Tolkien modelled on Greek, Latin and Finnish.

Quercy pn
Quercy
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Quetzalcoatl /kɛtˌsɑl.koʊˈɑːt.əl/ /ˌkɛt.səl.kəʊˈæt.əl/ pn
Quetzalcóatl
The Aztec name for the Feathered-Serpent deity of ancient Mesoamerica, one of the main gods of many Mexican and northern Central American civilizations.

Quezon City /kɛˈzɒn ˈsɪ.ti/ pn
Quezón City
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Quiberon pn
Quiberon
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Quidditch /ˈkwɪdɪt͡ʃ/ n
quidditch
A fictional ball game played between two teams of seven players riding flying broomsticks, using four balls and six elevated ring-shaped goals.

Quiet Revolution pn
Révolution tranquille

Quinquagesima n
Quinquagésime
(Christianity) A moveable feast in the Christian calendar on the Sunday 49 days before Easter Sunday (50 days counting inclusively).

Quirinal Hill pn
Quirinal
One of the seven hills on which Rome was built.

Quito /ˈkitoʊ/ /ˈkiːtəʊ/ pn
Quito
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Qur'an /koʊˈɹæn/ /kɔˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹæn/ /kəˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹɑːn/ Qur'ans n
coran Coran
A specific version, edition, translation, or copy of one of the above-mentioned book.

Qur'an /koʊˈɹæn/ /kɔˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹæn/ /kəˈɹɑn/ /kəˈɹɑːn/ Qur'ans pn
Coran
The Islamic holy book, considered by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to Muhammad.

Qur'anic more Qur'anic most Qur'anic adj
coranique
Of or relating to the Qur'an.

Quranism n
coranisme
A denomination in Islam that generally rejects the authoritative role of hadiths, and considers the Qur'an to be the only dependable religious text.

Québécois /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑː/ /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑːz/ Québécoise adj
québécois
Of or relating to Quebec, its people, or its variety of French.

Québécois /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑː/ /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑːz/ Québécois Québécoise n
Québécois Québécoise
A native or inhabitant of the province or city of Quebec.

Québécois /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑː/ /ˌkeɪbɛˈkwɑːz/ pn
français du Québec français québécois
The Quebec variety of French.

R&D n
R&D
(business) Initialism of Research and Development (a department within a company (or governmental division) dedicated to that task, or the fiscal category that represents it in fiscal reporting.)

RAM /ɹæm/ RAMs n
RAM mémoire RAM
(electronics, computing) Acronym of random-access memory.

RAdm n
CAm
(military, nautical)

RBBG RBBGs n
RBBG
rubber ball blast grenade

RCAF pn
ARC FAC
(Canada, military, aviation) Initialism of Royal Canadian Air Force.

RCM RCMs n
MRC
Initialism of regional county municipality (a county administered as a municipality; a regional municipality, a county-level municipality).

RCMP pn
GRC
(Canada, law enforcement) Initialism of Royal Canadian Mounted Police.

RDBMS RDBMSes RDBMSs n
SGBDR
(databases) Initialism of relational database management system.

RDP pn
RDP
(Quebec) Initialism of Rivière-des-Prairies (a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada)

REM sleep REM sleeps n
sommeil paradoxal
The stage of sleep during which most brain activity and dreams occur, characterised by rapid eye movement (REM).

RGB n
RVB
Initialism of red, green, blue; a color model in which colors are represented by adding varying amounts of red, green, and blue light.

RIP /ɑː(ɹ) aɪ ˈpiː/ /ɹɪp/ interjection
REP
Initialism of requiescat in pace, requiescant in pace, and rest in peace.

RNA RNAs n
ARN
(biochemistry) Initialism of ribonucleic acid.

ROC pn
COR
(UK, military) The Royal Observer Corps, a United Kingdom defence organisation (1925 to 1992).
(Russia)

ROGD n
ROGD

ROI ROIs n
retour sur investissement
(accounting) Initialism of return on investment.

RPG RPGs n
JdR
(games) A roleplaying game.

RSFSR /ɑɹ.ɛs.ɛf.ɛs.ˈɑɹ/ /ɑː.ɛs.ɛf.ɛs.ˈɑː/ pn
RSFSR
Initialism of Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

RSS feed RSS feeds n
fil RSS flux RSS

RSV RSVs n
VRS
Initialism of respiratory syncytial virus.

RSVP RSVPs n
R.S.V.P.
A reply to an invitation.

RTFM phraseologicalUnit
LLFM (lis le foutu manuel)
(Internet slang) Initialism of read the fucking manual.
(Internet slang, Unix) Initialism of read the fucking man page.

Ra /ɹɑː/ pn
Râ Rê
(Egyptian mythology) The Egyptian god of the Sun.

Rabat /ɹɑːˈbæt/ /ɹɑːˈbɑːt/ /ɹəˈbæt/ /ɹəˈbɑːt/ pn
Rabat
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Rabbinic Judaism n
judaïsme rabbinique
The mainstream form of Judaism since the 6th century CE, after the codification of the Babylonian Talmud, having its roots in Pharisaic Judaism and based on the belief that Moses at Mount Sinai received two items from God: the written Torah and the oral Torah.

Rabelaisian more Rabelaisian most Rabelaisian adj
rabelaisien
Pertaining to the works or period of Rabelais.

Racha-Lechkhumi and Kvemo Svaneti pn
Ratcha-Letchkhoumie et Basse Svanétie
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Rachecourt pn
Rachecourt
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Rachel /ˈɹeɪt͡ʃəl/ pn
Rachel
Younger daughter of Laban, sister to Leah, and second wife of Jacob.

Radde's warbler Radde's warblers n
pouillot de Schwarz
Phylloscopus schwarzi, a leaf warbler which breeds in Siberia.

Rade n
Rade Radé Rhade Rhadé
A minor ethnic group in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.

Rade pn
rade radé rhade rhadé
The Austronesian language of the Chamic branch spoken by the Rade people.

Radhanite adj
radhanite

Radisson Radissons pn
Radisson

Raducanu Raducanus pn
Raducanu

Raeffsky Islands pn
Îles Raevski Îles Raéffsky
centrally located Tuamotus' subgroup in French Polynesia, consisting of the three communes of Anaa, Makemo and Fakarava

Ragnarok /ˈɹæɡ.nəˌɹɒk/ /ˈɹæɡ.nəˌɹɔk/ pn
Ragnarök
(Norse mythology) A series of future events culminating in a battle, fought between the Æsir and einherjar on one side, and the forces of Surtr, Loki, and Loki's children on the other, in which all of creation is burned down and almost all life is extinguished.

Ragusa Ragusas pn
Raguse
(historical) The Republic of Ragusa, a maritime republic centered in Dubrovnik.

Raiche Raiches pn
Raiche Raîche

Rajasthani pn
Rajasthani
The Indo-Aryan language spoken primarily in Rajasthan and Pakistan.

Rakvere pn
Rakvere
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Raków /ˈɹækuːf/ pn
Raków
A settlement founded in the Sandomierz Voivodeship of Lesser Poland in 1569 as the centre of the Polish Brethren, the site of the Racovian Academy 1602–1638 and of the publication of the Racovian Catechism in 1605; formerly a town until 1869, it is now a village of the Republic of Poland and the seat of the gmina wiejska (rural commune) of the same name.

Ralph /ɹeɪf/ /ɹælf/ pn
Raoul
A en given name.

Ramadan /ɹæməˈdɑːn/ /ɹɑːməˈdɑːn/ /ˈɹæmədæn/ /ˈɹɑːmədɑːn/ Ramadans pn
ramadan
(Islam) The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, during which Muslims fast between the break of dawn until sunset; they also refrain from drinking liquids, smoking and having sexual relations.

Ramesses pn
Ramsès
Name of several pharaohs of 19th and 20th dynasty of Ancient Egypt, 13th to 10th century BC.

Ramin pn
Ramine
A en given name.
Ramin
A surname.

Randolph /ɹændɒlf/ pn
Randolph
A en given name.

Randstad pn
Randstad
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Rangoonese Rangoonese n
Rangounais Rangounaise
Someone from Rangoon.

Raphael /ˈɹæf.eɪ.əl/ /ˈɹæf.eɪˌɛl/ /ˈɹæf.i.əl/ /ˈɹæf.ɛəl/ /ˈɹæf.ɪ.əl/ /ˌɹæf.aɪˈɛl/ /ˌɹɑː.faɪˈɛl/ Raphaels pn
Raphaël
An archangel in Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
(countable) A en given name.

Rapunzel /ɹəˈpʌnzəl/ Rapunzels pn
Raiponce
A German fairy tale about a girl imprisoned in a tower who lets down her long hair for a rescuer to climb.
The fictional girl who is the protagonist and title character of the fairy tale.

Rasputin pn
Raspoutine
Grigori Rasputin (1869-1916), a Russian mystic.
A surname.

Rasputinian more Rasputinian most Rasputinian adj
raspoutinien

Rastafarianism pn
rastafarisme
A religion that emerged in Jamaica in the 1930s out of biblical prophecy and rising black aspirations.

Ratahan pn
ratahan
An Austronesian language of northern Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Ravelian more Ravelian most Ravelian adj
ravélien
Of or relating to Maurice Ravel (1875–1937), French composer, or his music.

Ravenclaw Ravenclaws n
Serdaigle
A person having traits associated with Ravenclaw house from the Harry Potter series, including intelligence, creativity, and love of learning or an affinity for eagles or the colours blue and bronze.

Ravenna pn
Ravenne
A province in the region of Emilia-Romagna, in northern Italy.
A coastal city, the present-day capital of the province of Ravenna.
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Raymond /ˈɹeɪmənd/ Raymonds pn
Raymond
A en given name.

Raëlian Raëlians n
raëlien
A member of the Raëlism movement.

Raëlism pn
raëlisme
A UFO religion with liberal sexual views, holding that all life on Earth was created in scientific laboratories by extraterrestrials.

Reading /ˈɹɛdɪŋ/ pn
Reading
A surname.
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Rebecca /ɹɪˈbɛkə/ Rebeccas pn
Rebecca
A en given name, in regular use since the Reformation.

Rebekah pn
Rébecca
(Biblical) The sister of Laban; Isaac's wife; the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Recollect Recollects n
récollet
A member of a French reform branch of the Order of Friars Minor, commonly known as the Franciscans.

Red Army pn
armée rouge Armée rouge
(historical, military) Name of the Soviet army in the period 1918–1946.

Red Army man Red Army men n
rouge-armiste
(historical) The lowest military rank of the Red Army.

Red Brigades pn
Brigades rouges
(historical) A former Marxist-Leninist militant group based in Italy.

Red Crescent pn
Croissant-Rouge
A branch of the Red Cross that operates in Muslim countries.

Red Cross pn
Croix-Rouge
An international humanitarian organization that cares for the wounded, sick, and homeless.
The symbol of this organization.
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Red Delicious Red Deliciouses n
Délicieuse rouge Red Delicious
A variety of apple which is red in color and has a mild sweet flavour.

Red Forest pn
Forêt rousse
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Red Planet pn
planète rouge
the planet Mars

Red River pn
Fleuve Rouge
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Red Sea pn
mer Rouge
(US politics) The states of the western and southern United States which consistently vote Republican in presidential elections.

Red Sea Governorate pn
gouvernorat de la Mer-Rouge gouvernorat de la mer Rouge
One of the governorates of Egypt, located between the Nile and the Red Sea.

Red Square pn
Place Rouge
A large historical square in central Moscow.

Redange pn
Redange
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Redemptorist Redemptorists n
Redemptoriste
A member of the Roman Catholic missionary congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (i.e. Jesus Christ), founded in 1732 by Saint Alphonsus Maria of Liguori

Reformation pn
Réformation Réforme réformation réforme protestante
(historical) The religious movement initiated in the 16th century against the Roman Catholic Church.

Reformed adj
réformé
Of the Protestant movement typically associated with John Calvin, as separated from the Lutheran Church to pursue more extensive reformation.

Regensburg pn
Ratisbonne
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Reggio Calabria pn
Reggio de Calabre
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(history) Regium, an important flourishing Ancient Greek colonial settlement in Magna Graecia on the Strait of Messina from the early 1st millennium BCE thru the Hellenistic, Ancient Roman, Byzantine Roman and medieval epochs.

Reggio Emilia pn
Reggio d'Émilie
Province of Emilia-Romagna, Italy.
City and capital of the province of Reggio Emilia.

Regina /ɹɪ.ˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ /ɹɪ.ˈd͡ʒi.nə/ pn
Reine Régine
A en given name.

Regulus pn
Régulus
(star) A star in the constellation Leo; alpha (α) Leonis.

Rehoboam pn
Roboam
King of Israel after Solomon, whose folly split the kingdom in two; the father of Abijah (biblical character)

Reich /ɹaɪk/ /ɹaɪx/ n
Reich empire
A German empire, kingdom or nation; its territory or government.

Reims /ɹiːmz/ /ɹæms/ pn
Reims
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Reindeer Lake pn
lac Reindeer
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Rejean pn
Réjean

Rejeanne pn
Réjeanne

Remembrance Day pn
jour du Souvenir
(Canada) November 11, a federal holiday observed in commemoration of the fallen in the two World Wars and the Korean War.

Remich pn
Remich
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the south-east of the country.
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Renaissance /ɹɘˈnæɪsɒns/ /ɹɘˈnæɪsɘns/ /ɹəˈneɪs(ə)ns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɑːns/ /ɹəˈneɪsɒ̃(n)s/ /ɹəˈnæɪsɔns/ /ɹəˈnæɪsəns/ /ˈɹenɘˌsɒns/ /ˈɹenəˌsɔns/ /ˈɹɛnəˌsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɑns/ /ˌɹɛnəˈsɒ̃(n)s/ pn
Renaissance
(historical) The 14th-century revival of classical art, architecture, literature and learning that originated in Italy and spread throughout Europe over the following two centuries.
The period of this revival, typically lasting from the late 14th to the late 16th centuries; the transition from medieval to modern times.
renaissance
(by extension) Any similar artistic or intellectual revival.

Renata /ɹəˈnɐːtɐ/ /ɹəˈnɑːtʌ/ pn
Renata
A en given name.

Renaud Renauds pn
Renaud

Renault /ɹəˈnoʊ/ /ˈɹɛnəʊ/ Renaults pn
Renault
A car of the Renault brand.

Rennes /ɹɛn/ pn
Rennes
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Rennes-le-Château pn
Rennes-le-Château
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Republic of Albania pn
République d’Albanie
The official name of Albania.

Republic of Angola pn
République d’Angola
The official name of Angola.

Republic of Armenia pn
République d'Arménie
The official name of Armenia.

Republic of Artsakh pn
République d'Artsakh
Synonym of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic

Republic of Austria pn
République d'Autriche
The official name of Austria.

Republic of Azerbaijan pn
République d'Azerbaïdjan
The official name of Azerbaijan (country in the Caucasus).

Republic of Belarus pn
République de Biélorussie République du Bélarus
The official name of Belarus.

Republic of Botswana pn
République du Botswana
The official name of Botswana.

Republic of Bulgaria pn
République de Bulgarie
The official name of Bulgaria.

Republic of China /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈt͡ʃaɪnə/ pn
République de Chine Taiwan
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Republic of Costa Rica pn
République du Costa Rica
The official name of the country Costa Rica.

Republic of Croatia pn
La République de Croatie République de Croatie
The official name of Croatia.

Republic of Cuba pn
République de Cuba
The official name of Cuba.

Republic of Cyprus pn
République de Chypre
The official name of Cyprus.

Republic of Côte d'Ivoire pn
République de Côte d'Ivoire
The official name of Côte d'Ivoire.

Republic of Equatorial Guinea pn
République de Guinée équatoriale
The official name of Equatorial Guinea.

Republic of Estonia pn
République d'Estonie
The official name of Estonia.

Republic of Finland pn
République de Finlande
The long form of Finland.

Republic of Ghana pn
République du Ghana
Official name of Ghana.

Republic of Guinea-Bissau pn
République de Guinée-Bissau
Official name of Guinea-Bissau

Republic of Hungary pn
République de Hongrie
Former official name of Hungary.

Republic of Iceland pn
République d'Islande
The conventional descriptive name of Iceland.

Republic of India pn
République de l'Inde
The official name of India.

Republic of Indonesia pn
République d'Indonésie
Official name for Indonesia.

Republic of Iraq pn
République d'Irak République d'Iraq
(a country).

Republic of Ireland /ɹɪˈpʌblɪk əv ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
République d'Irlande
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Republic of Kazakhstan pn
République du Kazakhstan
A sovereign state with its territory located in Eurasia.

Republic of Korea pn
République de Corée
Official name of South Korea.

Republic of Kosovo pn
République du Kosovo
The official name of (independent) Kosovo.

Republic of Latvia pn
République de Lettonie
The official name of Latvia.

Republic of Letters pn
République des Lettres
(historical) The intellectual community in the late 17th and 18th centuries in Europe and the Americas, exchanging ideas by circulating handwritten letters.

Republic of Lithuania pn
République de Lituanie
The official name of Lithuania.

Republic of Maldives pn
République des Maldives
The official name of The Maldives.

Republic of Malta pn
République de Malte
The official name of Malta.

Republic of Mauritius pn
République de Maurice
The official name of Mauritius.

Republic of Nicaragua pn
république du Nicaragua
The official name of the country Nicaragua.

Republic of North Macedonia pn
République de Macédoine du Nord
Country situated north of Greece and west of Bulgaria on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly partially recognised as the Republic of Macedonia.

Republic of Peru pn
République du Pérou

Republic of Poland pn
République de Pologne
The official name of Poland.

Republic of San Marino pn
République de Saint-Marin
The official name of San Marino.

Republic of Serbia pn
République de Serbie
The official name of Serbia.

Republic of Seychelles pn
République des Seychelles
The official name of Seychelles.

Republic of Sierra Leone pn
République de Sierra Leone

Republic of Singapore pn
République de Singapour
Official name of Singapore.

Republic of Slovenia pn
République de Slovénie
The official name of Slovenia.

Republic of South Africa pn
République d'Afrique du Sud
(proscribed) The Transvaal statelet from 1852 to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland's annexation of it in 1902.

Republic of South Sudan pn
République du Soudan du Sud
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Republic of South Vietnam pn
république du Sud Viêt Nam
(history) An underground government that opposed the South Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War and became its provisional government for a year after the war.

Republic of Suriname pn
République du Surinam République du Suriname
The official name of Suriname.

Republic of Tajikistan pn
République du Tadjikistan
The official name of Tajikistan.

Republic of Texas /ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk əv ˈtɛk.səs/ pn
République du Texas
(historical) A former sovereign state that successfully revolted from Mexico in 1839-1845 and was then annexed into the United States of America as the state of Texas.

Republic of The Gambia pn
République de Gambie
The official name of The Gambia (1965-2016).

Republic of Turkey pn
République de Turquie République turque
Former official name of the country of Turkey (now Republic of Türkiye).

Republic of Türkiye pn
République de Türkiye
Official name of the country of Turkey.

Republic of Uzbekistan pn
République d'Ouzbékistan
The official name of Uzbekistan.

Republic of Vanuatu /rəˈpʌblɪk əv ˌvænuːˈaːtuː/ pn
République de Vanuatu
The official name of Vanuatu.

Republic of Zaire pn
République du Zaïre
The official name of Zaire until 1997, now Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Republic of the Congo pn
République du Congo
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Republic of the Marshall Islands pn
république des Îles Marshall
The official name of the Marshall Islands

Republic of the Philippines pn
République des Philippines
Official name for Philippines.

Republic of the Sudan pn
République du Soudan
The official name of Sudan.

Republican more Republican most Republican adj
républicain
(US politics) Of or pertaining to the Republican Party of the United States.

Republican Republicans n
républicain républicaine
(US politics) A member or supporter of the Republican Party, the more right-wing of the two main political parties in the United States.

Republican Party pn
Parti républicain
(US politics) A right-wing conservative political party in the United States.

Republika Srpska /ɹɪˈpʊblɪkə ˈsɜː(ɹ)pskə/ pn
République serbe de Bosnie
A polity within Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Resurrection pn
résurrection
(Christianity) The resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Reticulum pn
Réticule
(constellation) A small constellation of the southern summer sky, said to resemble a reticle. It lies between the constellations of Horologium and Dorado.

Reuben /ˈɹu.bən/ /ˈɹuː.bən/ Reubens pn
Ruben
(biblical) First son of Jacob, by his wife Leah.
A surname transferred from the given name

Reuleaux triangle Reuleaux triangles n
triangle de Reuleaux
(geometry) A figure consisting of three circular arcs, each centered on the intersection of the other two.

Reunionese adj
réunionnais
Of, from, or pertaining to Réunion, the Reunionese people or language.

Reunionese Reunioneses n
réunionnais réunionnaise
A person from Réunion or of Reunionese descent.

Reutemann Reutemanns pn
Reutemann
A surname from German.

Revelation pn
Apocalypse Révélation
(biblical) The final book of the New Testament of the Bible.

Reverend /ˈɹɛvəɹənd/ /ˈɹɛvɹənd/ Reverends n
Révérend
A title indicating respect, prefixed to the names of Christian clergy.

Revised Romanization of Korean pn
Romanisation révisée du coréen
The official South Korean romanization standard for Korean.

Rexism pn
rexisme
(politics, historical) A fascist movement active in Belgium from 1935 to 1945; the ideology of the Rexist Party

Rexist adj
rexiste
Of, pertaining to or advocating Rexism.

Rexist Rexists n
rexiste
A follower or advocate of Rexism.

Reykjaviker Reykjavikers n
Reykjavikois Reykjavikoise
An inhabitant of Reykjavík

Reykjavík /ˈɹeɪk.jə.vɪk/ /ˈɹɛk.jə.vɪk/ pn
Reykjavík
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Reynard /ˈɹɛnɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈɹɛnə(ɹ)d/ pn
Renart
(literary, poetic) A name in European folklore for the red fox.

Reynold Reynolds pn
Renaud
A en given name, today more popular in the forms Reginald and Ronald. Modern use is partly transferred from the surname.

Rhaeto-Romance /ˌɹiːtəʊɹə(ʊ)ˈmans/ pn
rhéto-roman
(linguistics) A group of related Romance languages spoken in north and north-eastern Italy and southeastern Switzerland, or any of these languages individually. [from 19th c.]

Rhea /ˈɹiː.ə/ pn
Rhéa
(Greek god) A Titan, the daughter of Uranus and Gaia, the mother of Demeter, Hades, Hera, Hestia, Poseidon, and Zeus.
(astronomy) Saturn V, one of the moons of Saturn.

Rhemish /ˈɹiːmɪʃ/ more Rhemish most Rhemish adj
rémois

Rhene /ˈhɹiːniː/ /ˈɹiːniː/ [ˈɹ̥iːniː] pn
Rhènè
the paramour of King Oïleus of Locris and the mother of either or neither of his sons Medon and Ajax.

Rhenish /ˈɹɛnɪʃ/ more Rhenish most Rhenish adj
rhénan
Pertaining to the Rhine river or region. [from 15th c.]

Rhine /ɹaɪn/ pn
Rhin
A river in western Europe, that flows through Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Germany, France and the Netherlands, before emptying into the North Sea.

Rhineland /ˈɹaɪnlænd/ pn
Rhénanie
(usually, with the definite article) TemplateParserError:LuaError. Roughly equivalent to the former Prussian Rhine Province, now the greater part of Rhineland-Palatinate plus the south-western half of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Rhineland-Palatinate pn
Rhénanie-Palatinat
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Rhodanian /ɹəʊˈdeɪni.ən/ adj
rhodanien
Of, or aboriginal to, the Rhône valley.

Rhodanian /ɹəʊˈdeɪni.ən/ Rhodanians n
Rhodanien
An inhabitant of the Rhône valley.

Rhode pn
Rhodé
In Greek mythology, the oldest Oceanid, a daughter of Tethys and Oceanus

Rhodes /ɹoʊdz/ /ɹəʊdz/ Rhodeses pn
Rhodes
A surname.
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An electric piano which produces soft, harmonic-like sounds; a Rhodes piano.

Rhodesia /ɹoʊˈdiːʒə/ /ɹəʊˈdiːʃə/ pn
Rhodésie
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Rhodesian adj
rhodésien
From, pertaining, or relating to Rhodesia or its people or culture.

Rhodesian Ridgeback Rhodesian Ridgebacks n
chien de Rhodésie à crête dorsale
A dog of a kind bred in southern Africa to hunt lions.

Rhodian adj
rhodien rhodienne
From, or pertaining to, the Greek island of Rhodes or its people.

Rhodian Rhodians n
Rhodien Rhodienne
Someone from the island of Rhodes

Rhone pn
Rhône
A river in Switzerland and France that flows from the Alps to the Mediterranean Sea.

Rhuddanian pn
Rhuddanien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Rhône pn
Rhône
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Rhône-Alpes pn
Rhône-Alpes
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Riau Islands pn
Îles Riau
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Richard /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.əd/ /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.ɚd/ Richards pn
Richard
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Richard's pipit Richard's pipits n
pipit de Richard
Anthus richardi, a medium-sized passerine bird which breeds in open grasslands in the East Palearctic.

Richmond /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.mənd/ pn
Richmond
TemplateParserError:LuaError, headquarters of Tasman district.

Richter scale pn
échelle de Richter
(seismology) a logarithmic scale used to express the energy released by an earthquake, each increase of 1 representing a 32-fold increase in energy.

Ricker pn
Ricker

Ricœur pn
Ricœur
A surname from French — famously held by:

Rida pn
Rida
A stream in Belgium.

Riemann surface Riemann surfaces n
surface de Riemann
(mathematics) A one-dimensional complex manifold; a generalization of the complex plane.

Riemannian manifold Riemannian manifolds n
variété riemannienne
(differential geometry, Riemannian geometry) A real, smooth differentiable manifold whose each point has a tangent space equipped with a positive-definite inner product;(more formally) an ordered pair (M, g), where M is a real, smooth differentiable manifold and g its Riemannian metric.

Riendeau Riendeaus pn
Riendeau

Rieti pn
Rieti
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Riga /ˈɹiːɡə/ pn
Riga
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Rigel /ˈɹaɪd͡ʒəl/ pn
Rigel
(star) A blue supergiant star in the constellation Orion; Beta (β) Orionis. The seventh brightest star in the night sky.

Righteous Among the Nations adj
Juste parmi les nations
(State of Israel) Title given to a non-Jew who risked his or her life during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.

Rijeka /ɹiˈjɛkə/ /ɹiːˈɛkə/ /ɹɪˈjɛkə/ pn
Rijeka Fiume
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Rimbaldian more Rimbaldian most Rimbaldian adj
rimbaldien
Relating to or characteristic of French poet Arthur Rimbaud or his works.

Rimini pn
Rimini
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Rindt pn
Rindt

Ring of Fire pn
ceinture de feu
(geology, volcanology) An area of frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity, around the Pacific Ocean.

Rio Grande do Norte /ˈɹiːəʊ ˈɡɹɑːndi dəʊ ˈnɔː(ɹ)ti/ pn
Rio Grande do Norte
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Rio Grande do Sul pn
Rio Grande do Sul
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Rio de Janeiro /ˈɹiːəʊ de ʒəˈneəɹəʊ/ /ˈɹiːəʊ dɪ ʒəˈnɪəɹəʊ/ pn
Rio de Janeiro
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Ripuarian /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛə.ɹɪən/ /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛɹ.i.ən/ more Ripuarian most Ripuarian adj
franc ripuaire
Of or pertaining to the Ripuarian people or (one of) its members or descendants.
franc ripuaire francique ripuaire
Of or pertaining to one, all, or any of the Ripuarian dialects.

Ripuarian /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛə.ɹɪən/ /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛɹ.i.ən/ Ripuarians n
Franc ripuaire
(historical) Any of the Ripuarian tribal section of the Frank people (comprising several tribes), who after some migration inhabited this region, as opposed to the Salian branch.

Ripuarian /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛə.ɹɪən/ /ˌɹɪp.juˈɛɹ.i.ən/ pn
francique ripuaire
A West Central German dialect group, spoken in the northern Rhineland (including the cities of Bonn, Cologne, Düsseldorf and Aachen), as well as parts of German-speaking Belgium and south-eastern Limburg (Netherlands); linguistically, the least affected by the consonant shift of all High German dialects

Rivard Rivards pn
Rivard

Rivne pn
Rivne
TemplateParserError:LuaError, administrative centre of Rivne province.
Rivne province (oblast), in north-western Ukraine.

Riyadh /ɹiˈjɑːd/ pn
Riyad Riad
(metonym) the government of Saudi Arabia

Rizzuto /ɹɪtˈsuːtəʊ/ Rizzutos pn
Rizzuto

Roadian pn
Roadien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Roaix pn
Roaix
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Robert /ˈɹɑb.ɚt/ /ˈɹɒb.ət/ pn
Robert
(rare, _, compared to given name) A French surname originating as a patronymic.

Roberta pn
Roberte
A en given name, feminine form of Robert.

Robeson Channel pn
passage Robeson
A strait between Greenland and Ellesmere Island, connecting the Arctic Ocean and Hall Basin, part of the Nares Strait.

Robespierrism n
robespierrisme

Robespierrist adj
robespierriste

Robichaud Robichauds pn
Robichaud

Robichaux pn
Robichaux

Robicheau pn
Robicheau

Robicheaux pn
Robicheaux

Robillard Robillards pn
Robillard

Robin /ˈɹɑbɪn/ /ˈɹɒbɪn/ Robins pn
Robin
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Robin Hood /ˈɹɑbɪn hʊd/ /ˌɹɒbɪn ˈhʊd/ pn
Robin des Bois
A legendary English outlaw famous for his skill in archery and his vow to defend the poor and the oppressed against established authority.

Roblox pn
Roblox
A massively multiplayer online game and creation system platform (introduced in 2004) in which users design and play video games.

Robur Carolinum pn
Chêne de Charles

Rocco pn
Roch
A en given name, of mostly American usage.

Roche limit Roche limits n
limite de Roche
(astronomy) The closest a satellite can approach its parent body before the gravitational forces holding it together are overwhelmed by tidal forces pulling it apart.

Rochefort /ɹɒʃ.ˌfɔːt/ Rocheforts pn
Rochefort
A surname from French.

Rochegude pn
Rochegude

Rockall /ˈɹɑk.ɑl/ /ˈɹɑk.ɔl/ /ˈɹɒk.ɔːl/ pn
Rockall

Rocky Mountains pn
Rocheuses montagnes Rocheuses
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Rodnovery pn
rodnovérie
Slavic neopaganism.

Roermond pn
Ruremonde
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Roger /ˈɹɑ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɹɒd͡ʒ.ə/ [ˈroː.dʒɐ] Rogers pn
Roger
(rare, _, compared to given name) A surname originating as a patronymic.

Rojava /roʒəˈvɑ/ /roʒˈɑvə/ /roˌʒɑˈvɑ/ pn
Rojava
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Roland pn
Roland
A en given name.

Rom /ɹoʊm/ /ɹəʊm/ Roma Roms n
Rom Rrom bohémien gitan tsigane
A member of the Romani people.
(in particular) A male member of the Romani people who is married and considered respectable amongst the family.

Roma pn
Roma Rroms
A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

Romagna pn
Romagne
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Romagnol /ˌɹoʊməˈnjoʊl/ pn
romagnol
A Gallo-Italic language spoken in central Italy, closely related to Emilian.

Romaic more Romaic most Romaic adj
romaïque
(obsolete) Of or pertaining to modern Greece, its inhabitants, or its language.

Romaine lettuce Romaine lettuces n
laitue romaine romaine
A long-leaved variety of lettuce, Lactuca sativa var. longifolia.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ more Roman most Roman adj
romain
Of or from Rome.
(historical) Of or from the Roman Empire.
(typography) A font that is upright, as opposed to oblique or italic. (See roman font.)

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ Romans n
Romain Romaine
A native or resident of Rome.

Roman /ˈɹoʊ.mən/ /ˈɹəʊ.mən/ Romans pn
Romain
A en given name recently borrowed from continental Europe.

Roman Catholic Church pn
Église catholique apostolique romaine Église catholique romaine
Latin Church, the largest of the autonomous particular churches of the Catholic Church.

Roman Empire /ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ /ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ pn
Empire romain
(historical) The empire which succeeded the Roman Republic and existed between 27 B.C.E. and 476 C.E. in the west (and until 1453 C.E. in the east; see Byzantine Empire), encompassing territories stretching from Britain and Germany to Spain, North Africa and the Persian Gulf. [from 15th c.]

Roman chair Roman chairs n
chaise romaine

Roman law n
droit romain
The legal system of Ancient Rome.

Roman numeral Roman numerals n
chiffre romain
A numeral represented using a Roman system involving the letters I, V, X, L, C, D, and M.

Roman numerals n
chiffres romains
(uncountable) The system of numerals using Roman numerals.

Roman road Roman roads n
voie romaine
(historical) Any of many roads built in Europe, including Britain, by the Ancient Romans, many of which survive in various forms.

Roman shade Roman shades n
store romain
A kind of window shade that shows a smooth surface while covering the window (unlike most blinds) but closes up into a stack.

Romance adj
roman
Of or dealing with languages or cultures derived from Roman influence and Latin: French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Galician, Romanian, Catalan, Occitan, etc.

Romance language Romance languages n
langue romane
Any language descended from Latin.

Romandy pn
Romandie
The French-speaking part of Switzerland.

Romanesque /ˌɹoʊməˈnɛsk/ /ˌɹəʊməˈnɛsk/ more Romanesque most Romanesque adj
roman
Somewhat resembling the Roman; applied sometimes to the debased style of the later Roman Empire, but especially to the more developed art and architecture prevailing from the 8th century to the 12th.

Romani /ɹəˈmɑː.ni/ /ˈɹoʊ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɑ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɒ.mə.ni/ /ˈɹɒm.ni/ /ˈɹəʊ.mə.ni/ pn
romani tsigane
The Indo-Aryan lect of the Roma people, or one of its sublects (such as Roma, Sinti, Romanichal, etc), closely related to Hindi and Rajasthani.

Romania /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Roumanie
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Romanian /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹoˈmɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ adj
roumain
Of or relating to Romania, the Romanian people, or the Romanian language.

Romanian /ɹoʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹoˈmɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəʊˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ /ɹəˈmeɪ.ni.ən/ Romanians n
Roumain Roumaine roumain
(countable) A native of Romania.
roumain Roumain
(uncountable) The official language of Romania and Moldova.

Romanianization n
roumanisation

Romanic more Romanic most Romanic adj
romain
Of or relating to any or all of the various languages which, during the Middle Ages, sprung out of the old Roman, or popular form of Latin, as the Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French, Provencal, etc.

Romanicist Romanicists n
romaniste
A person who studies or teaches Romance languages and/or literature.

Romanization /ˌɹəʊmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ Romanizations n
romanisation transcription en caractères romains
(usually, uncountable) The act or process of putting text into the Latin (Roman) alphabet, by means such as transliteration and transcription.

Romanoff Romanoffs pn
Romanov
A dynasty that ruled the Russian Empire
An aristocratic house that formed a ruling dynasty of Russia

Romans /ˈɹoʊmənz/ /ˈɹəʊmənz/ pn
Romains
(biblical) The sixth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle of St Paul to the Christians in Rome.
The 30th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Romansch /ɹoʊˈmænʃ/ /ɹoʊˈmɑnʃ/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈmanʃ/ pn
romanche
A Rhaeto-Romance language (or dialect continuum) spoken in the Graubünden/Grisons canton of Switzerland; it is one of the four official languages of Switzerland. [from 17th c.]

Romanticism pn
romantisme
(arts, music) An artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, peaking from 1800 to 1850, characterized by its emphasis on emotion and individualism as well as glorification of all the past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical.

Romaphobia /ˌɹoʊ.məˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌɹəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ n
rromophobie
Fear, dislike or hate of Roma people.

Rome /ɹoʊm/ /ɹum/ /ɹəʊm/ pn
Rome
Ancient Rome; the former Roman Empire; Roman civilization.
The Holy See, the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church, particularly prior to the establishment of the Vatican City in the 19th century.

Rome wasn't built in a day proverb
Paris ne s'est pas fait en un jour Rome ne s'est pas faite en un jour
(idiomatic) It takes a long time to create something complicated or impressive.

Romeo /ˈɹoʊmioʊ/ pn
Roméo
(fiction) One of the main characters of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare: the ardent lover of Juliet.

Romeo and Juliet pn
Roméo et Juliette
A pair of lovers, particularly if they are young, visibly enamored, and come from families or groups that are on opposing sides of a dispute.

Romulus /ˈrɒmjʊləs/ pn
Romulus
(Roman mythology) The legendary founder of Rome and the twin brother of Remus.

Ronald /ˈɹɑnəld/ /ˈɹɒnəld/ pn
Ronald
A en given name.

Ronan pn
Ronan
A en given name.

Rondônia /ɹɒnˈdəʊnɪə/ pn
Rondônia
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Roof of the World pn
toit du monde
The various high mountainous regions in Asia, made up of the Pamirs, the Himalayas, Tibet and Mount Everest.

Roquefort Roqueforts n
roquefort
A blue cheese made from sheep unpasteurized milk, produced in the south of France.

Roquefort-sur-Soulzon pn
Roquefort-sur-Soulzon
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Roraima /ɹəʊˈɹaɪmə/ pn
Roraima
a large tepui located at the junction of Guyana, Venezuela, and Brazil

Rorschach test /ˈɹɔɹʃək tɛst/ /ˈɹɔɹˌʃæk tɛst/ /ˈɹɔːʃæk tɛst/ /ˈɹɔːʃɑːk tɛst/ Rorschach tests n
test de Rorschach
(psychology) A method of psychological evaluation that uses a person's interpretations of inkblots or similar images to discover information concerning his or her personality, emotional functioning, or unconscious mind.

Rosalie pn
Rosalie
A en given name.

Rosaline pn
Roseline Roselyne
A en given name.

Rosamund /ˈroʊzəmənd/ /ˈrɒzəmənd/ pn
Rosemonde
A en given name.

Rosberg Rosbergs pn
Rosberg

Rose pn
Rose
A en given name.

Rosemary /ˈɹoʊzməɹi/ /ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/ /ˈɹəʊzməɹi/ /ˈɹəʊzˌmɛːɹi/ pn
Rose-Marie
A en given name.

Rosemont pn
Rosemont

Rosemount pn
Rosemont

Rosetta Stone pn
Pierre de Rosette
A large inscribed stone found near Rosetta, Egypt, in 1799, later used as a basis for understanding many previously undecipherable examples of hieroglyphic writing.

Rosh Hashanah /ˌɹɑʃ (h)əˈʃɑnə/ /ˌɹɒʃ həˈʃɑːnə/ pn
Roch Hachana
The Jewish holiday marking the start of the liturgical year, taking place on the first two days of Tishrei, 163 days after the first day of Passover.

Rosicrucian adj
rosicrucien
(of teachings) mystic, occult or esoteric and related to the philosophy of Rosicrucianism.

Rosicrucian Rosicrucians n
rosicrucien rosicrucienne
A 'Brother' of the 'Order of the Rose Cross'; a member of a Rosicrucian Order.

Ross River fever n
fièvre de la Ross River polyarthrite épidémique

Ross River virus n
virus de la Ross River

Ross's gull Ross's gulls n
mouette rosée
Rhodostethia rosea, a small gull breeding in the high Arctic of northernmost North America, and northeast Siberia.

Rostov pn
Rostov
A surname from Russian.

Rostov-on-Don pn
Rostov-sur-le-Don
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Rotarian /ɹoʊˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ /ɹəʊˈtɛəɹ.i.ən/ Rotarians n
rotarien rotarienne
A member of a Rotary Club.

Rotterdammer Rotterdammers n
rotterdamien rotterdamienne rotterdamois rotterdamoise
A native or inhabitant of Rotterdam.

Rottweiler /ˈɹɒtvaɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɒtwaɪlə(ɹ)/ Rottweilers n
rottweiler
A very large muscular breed of dog of German origin with black fur and tanned markings.

Roubaisian /ɹoʊˈbeɪzɪən/ /ɹoʊˈbeɪʒən/ Roubaisians n
Roubaisien Roubaisienne
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of Roubaix, France

Roubaix /ɹoʊˈbeɪ/ /ɹuˈbeɪ/ pn
Roubaix
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Rouen pn
Rouen
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Rouget's rail Rouget's rails n
râle de Rouget
A bird from the family Rallidae, Rougetius rougetii.

Round Table pn
Table ronde
(Arthurian legend) King Arthur's table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his knights congregate, all having equal status since the table has no head.

Rousseau /ɹuˈsoʊ/ /ˈɹuːsəʊ/ Rousseaus pn
Rousseau
(countable) A surname from French.

Rousseauian /ɹuˈsoʊɪən/ /ɹuːˈsəʊɪən/ more Rousseauian most Rousseauian adj
Rousseau-esque Rousseauesque rousseauesque
(philosophy) Of or relating to the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778).

Roussillon /ˌɹuːsiːˈjoʊn/ /ˌɹuːsiːˈjən/ Roussillons pn
Roussillon
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Roussillonese adj
roussillonnais
Of or related to the Roussillon region of southern France.
Representative of, resembling, or related to the dialect of the Catalan language spoken in Roussillon and North-East Catalonia.

Roussillonese n
Roussillonnais roussillonnais
A person from the Roussillon region of southern France.

Rovaniemi /ˈɹəʊvənɪəmɪ/ pn
Rovaniemi
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Roxana pn
Roxane
The wife of Alexander the Great.
A en given name.

Roy G. Biv /ɹɔɪ d͡ʒiː bɪv/ pn
VIBUJOR
(mnemonic) An acronym used to remember the color sequence of the visible spectrum: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet.

Roya pn
Roya
A river and associated valley on the border of France and Italy

Royal Navy pn
Royal Navy marine britannique
The British navy; formed in the 16th century, although England has had naval ships since before the time of Alfred the Great.

Rozier Roziers pn
Rozier

Rt. Hon. adj
très hon.

Rube Goldberg machine Rube Goldberg machines n
usine à gaz
(US) A comical, overcomplicated machine which performs a simple task.

Rubenid adj
roubénide roupénide
Of or pertaining to the Rubenids: an Armenian dynasty who dominated parts of Cilicia, and who established the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

Rubicon /-k(ə)n/ /ˈɹubəˌkɑn/ /ˈɹuːbɪkɒn/ pn
Rubicon
The same river in the present day, identified with a river previously named Fiumicino.

Rubik's cube Rubik's cubes n
Rubik's Cube Cube de Rubik
A mechanical puzzle in the shape of a cube, all sides able to be rotated, each side divided into 9 squares, the moving pieces allowing the cube to be rearranged. The goal is to get the colored squares aligned so that each side of the cube is the same color.

Rubyist Rubyists n
Rubyiste

Rudnik pn
Roudnik
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Rudolph /ˈɹuːdɒ(l)f/ pn
Rodolphe
A en given name.

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeers pn
Rudolphe le renne au nez rouge
A legendary reindeer with a nose that glows red, the subject of a comic Christmas song; often added among Santa Claus's reindeer as the leading one.

Rumelange pn
Rumelange
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Rumpelstiltskin pn
Grigrigredinmenufretin Nain Tracassin
A fairy tale about a dwarf who saves the miller’s daughter by spinning straw into gold in exchange for her first-born child, but is foiled when she guesses his name.
Barbichu Broumpristoche Grigrigredinmenufretin Nain Tracassin Outroupistache Perlimpinpin
The fictional dwarf who is the title character of that story.

Rupelian pn
Rupélien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Oligocene epoch.

Ruritanian /ˌɹʊə.ɹɪˈteɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌɹʊɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ni.ən/ more Ruritanian most Ruritanian adj
chimérique
Of or having the characteristics of adventure, romance, and intrigue, as in works of romantic fiction.
Bordurie Poldavie Syldavie
Used to describe a fictitious and generic foreign government or person, used to state a general or hypothetical situation.

Ruritanian /ˌɹʊə.ɹɪˈteɪ.ni.ən/ /ˌɹʊɹ.ɪˈteɪ.ni.ən/ Ruritanians n
huron persan
A person from the fictional land of Ruritania.

Rus /ɹuːs/ /ɹʌs/ Rus pn
Rus Rus'
A people made up of Scandinavian warrior merchants who travelled Eastern European river-roads from the eighth century, and whose settlements around Novgorod, Kiev and the Volga and Dnieper gave rise to the Rus' principalities. [from 19th c.]
Rous' Rus' Ruthénie
Kievan Rus', the medieval East Slavic state established by these same warrior merchants in the 9th century, whose capital was in Kiev.

Ruscism /ˈɹʌʃɪzm/ pn
ruscisme
(politics, neologism, slang, derogatory) Russian fascism, Russianism, Great Russian chauvinism; the ideology of Russia, seen as fascism or as fascist.

Rusian adj
ruthénien
related to the Rus (people)

Rusio pn
Rusio
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Russenorsk pn
russenorsk russo-norvégien
An Arctic pidgin language combining elements of Russian and Norwegian, mainly used by traders in the nineteenth century.

Russia /ˈɹʌʃə/ Russias pn
Russie
(dated, countable) Any of several East Slavic states descended from Kievan Rus, typically including Russia (Great Russia), Belarus (White Russia) and Ukraine (Little Russia).

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ adj
russe ruthénien
Of or pertaining to Russia.
Of or pertaining to the Russian language.
ruthénien russe
(dated) Of or pertaining to Rus.

Russian /ˈɹʌʃ(ə)n/ Russians n
Russe russe
(countable) An ethnic Russian: a member of the East Slavic ethnic group which is native to, and constitutes the majority of the population of, Russia.
(countable, obsolete) A person from the Soviet Union
russe langue de Tolstoï langue russe
(uncountable) The Russian language.

Russian America pn
Amérique russe

Russian Empire pn
Empire de Russie Empire russe
(historical) The Russian state from 1721 to 1917.

Russian Far East pn
Extrême-Orient russe
the Russian part of the East Asia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean

Russian Federation pn
Fédération de Russie
Alternative formal name of Russia.

Russian Orthodox Church pn
Église orthodoxe de Russie Église orthodoxe russe
One of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian churches.

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic /ˈɹɐʃən ˈsɐʉviːət fedəɹətɪv ˈsɐʉʃəɫɪst ɹəˈpɐbɫɪk/ /ˈɹʌʃən ˈsoʊvjət ˈfɛdɚˌɹeɪtɪv ˈsəʊʃəlɪst ɹəˈpʌblɪk/ /ˈɹʌʃən ˈsɒvi.ət ˈfɛd(ə)ɹətɪv ˈsəʊʃəlɪst ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
République socialiste fédérative soviétique de Russie
The official name for modern-day Russia under the Communist Party from 1936 to 1991 (from 1918 to 1937, according to the Constitution of the RSFSR, called the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic). Part of the USSR from 1922 to 1991.

Russian bar Russian bars n
barre russe
(circus arts) A gymnastics-style beam held by two porters used to do gymnastics-style tricks.

Russian doll Russian dolls n
matriochka poupée russe poupée gigogne
One of a set of hollow nesting dolls, usually wooden and decorated.

Russian oven Russian ovens n
petchka
A kind of oven/furnace that first appeared in the 15th century, used for both cooking and domestic heating in traditional Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian households, and designed to retain heat for long periods of time by channeling the smoke and hot air of combustion through a labyrinth of passages.

Russian roulette pn
roulette russe
(idiomatic, games) A deadly game in which a person loads a single bullet in the cylinder of a revolver, spins the cylinder so that the bullet's location is unknown, points the muzzle at his/her head, and pulls the trigger. In its most lethal form, played by multiple participants each of whom takes a turn until the weapon discharges.

Russian world pn
monde russe
(politics) The Russian neo-imperial geopolitical and ideological doctrine of the era of Putinism

Russianism Russianisms n
russisme
(countable) A word or other feature originating in the Russian language that has been borrowed by another language.

Russianist Russianists n
russiste
A person who studies Russian language, culture or history.

Russianness n
russité
The quality or characteristic of being Russian.

Russification n
russification
The process of making anything Russian.

Russki /ˈɹus.ki/ /ˈɹʌs.ki/ Russkies Russkis n
Popov ruskov russkoff ruskof ruskoff russkof
(usually, derogatory, colloquial, ethnic slur) Russian.

Russo- /ˈɹuːsoʊ/ /ˈɹʌsoʊ/ prefix
russo-
relating to Russia or Russian

Russo-Japanese adj
russo-japonais
Of or pertaining to both Russia and Japan.

Russophilia /ˌɹʌsəˈfɪli.ə/ n
russophilie
A strong interest in Russia, Russian culture, or the Russian people.

Russophobe /ˈɹuːsəfoʊ̯b/ /ˈɹʌsə(ʊ̯)fəʊ̯b/ /ˈɹʌsəfoʊ̯b/ Russophobes n
russophobe
Someone who despises Russians, the country of Russia, or Russian influence.

Russophobia n
russophobie
The contempt or disgust towards Russians or Russia, especially the political system, or the customs of the former Soviet Union.

Russophone more Russophone most Russophone adj
russophone
Russian-speaking.

Russophone Russophones n
russophone
A person who speaks Russian.

Rusyn /ˈruːsɪn/ Rusyns n
Rusin Rusyn Carpato-ruthène Rusnak Rusniak Ruthène
A member of a people living in the eastern Carpathian Mountains, in part of western Ukraine, south-eastern Poland and north-eastern Slovakia.

Rusyn /ˈruːsɪn/ pn
Rusyn Ruthène
The Eastern Slavic language spoken by the Carpatho-Rusyns.

Ruth /ɹuːθ/ pn
livre de Ruth Ruth
A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
Ruth
A en given name.

Ruthenia /ɹuːˈθiː.ni.ə/ pn
Ruthénie
The territory between Central and Eastern Europe inhabited by Rusyns, on the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains in parts of Ukraine, Poland and Slovakia.
(historical) Lands inhabited by Ukrainians (Ruthenians) of the former Austrian Empire kingdom of Galicia (1772–1918), corresponding to parts of Western Ukraine.

Ruthenian more Ruthenian most Ruthenian adj
ruthènien
Of or related to Ruthenia.

Ruthenian pn
ruthènien
Any of various languages historically spoken in Ruthenia; West Russian, also known as Old Ukrainian, Old Belarusian and Rusian, any Old East Slavic descendant, which is different from Russian, Great Russian or "East Russian"

Rutland beauty Rutland beauties n
liseron des haies
Calystegia sepium, a species of bindweed found throughout the Northern Hemisphere.

Ruy Lopez pn
partie espagnole
(chess) A common chess opening, an Open Game characterized by the moves 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5, in which White moves king's bishop to the fifth rank.

Rwanda /ɹuˈændə/ /ɹuˈɑndə/ /ɹəˈwændə/ /ɹəˈwɑndə/ /ɹəˈwɒndə/ pn
Rwanda Ruanda
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The standardized dialect of the Bantu language Rwanda-Rundi spoken in Rwanda.
The genocide that occurred in Rwanda in 1994.

Rwanda-Rundi pn
kinyarwanda-kirundi rwanda-rundi

Rwandan more Rwandan most Rwandan adj
rwandais rouandais
Of, from, or pertaining to Rwanda, the Rwandan people or language.

Rwandan Rwandans n
Rwandais Rouandais
A person from Rwanda or of Rwandan descent.

Ryan /ˈɹaɪən/ Ryans pn
Rayan Ryan
A en given name
A en given name رَيَّان. Sometimes written and pronounced as Ryan in English due to the phonetic similarity with the Arabic name.
A en given name.

Ryazan pn
Riazan
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Ryugu pn
Ryugu
(astronomy) An asteroid; properly 162173 Ryugu

Ryukyuan /ˈɹjuːkjuːən/ pn
ryūkyū, ryūkyūan, ryūkyūais, ryūkyūïen
Any of the traditional languages of Ryukyu, in modern times predominantly displaced by Japanese.

Rzeczpospolita /ʒɛt͡ʃˌpɒspəˈlaɪtə/ /ʒɛt͡ʃˌpɒsˈpɒlɪtə/ pn
Rzeczpospolita
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)

Réunion /ɹeɪ.uːniˈɒn/ /ɹiːˈjuːnjən/ pn
Réunion La Réunion
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Rüppell's warbler Rüppell's warblers n
fauvette masquée
Sylvia ruppeli, an Old World warbler.

S-train S-trains n
Réseau Express Régional
(chiefly in German-speaking countries and Copenhagen, Denmark) A commuter rail/metro system (generally overground) serving a metropolitan area; a train in such a system.

SARS n
SRAS
(medicine) Acronym of severe acute respiratory syndrome; also Sars.

SBM SBMs n
PME
Initialism of small to medium business.

SCART /skɑːt/ pn
SCART
A French-originated standard and associated 21-pin connector for connecting audiovisual equipment.

SCTS n
NECM
Initialism of sea cadet training ship.

SEZ n
ZES
(economics) Initialism of special economic zone.

SIM card SIM cards n
carte SIM
A small, removable card smaller than a credit card which stores mobile phone data such as contact names and numbers, SMSs and security information.

SIRC pn
CSARS
(Canada) Acronym of Security Intelligence Review Committee.

SIU pn
UES
(law enforcement, Canada) Initialism of special investigation(s)/investigating unit.

SME SMEs n
PME
(business) Initialism of small and medium-sized enterprise or small- to medium-sized enterprise.

SMS /ˌɛs ɛm ˈɛs/ SMSes n
SMS texto
(telecommunications) Initialism of Short Message Service. A service to send text messages on a cell phone.

SNAFU /snæfˈuː/ /ˈsnɑːfuː/ SNAFUs n
bordel merdier
A ridiculously chaotic situation.

SOB /ˌɛs oʊ ˈbi/ SOBs n
fdp
(countable, vulgar, slang) Initialism of son of a bitch.

SPCUM pn
SPCUM
(law enforcement) the Montreal Urban Community police service (Service de police de la Communauté urbaine de Montréal, SPCUM) — replaced by the SPVM

SPVM pn
SPVM
(law enforcement) Montreal police service — the police for the city of Montreal, Quebec, Canada

SQ pn
SQ
(law enforcement) Sûreté du Québec - the Quebec provincial police force

SRP SRPs n
PDS
(commerce) Initialism of suggested retail price.

SSBN SSBNs n
SNLE
(US, military, nautical) Sub-surface ballistic nuclear: a nuclear-powered submarine carrying and launching ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons

SSR SSRs n
RSS
(historical) Initialism of Soviet Socialist Republic.

ST v
ST
Someone who acts as a game master (GM) in a tabletop role-playing game, especially any of the games produced by White Wolf.

STD STDs n
MST IST
(disease) Initialism of sexually transmitted disease.

STEM STEMs n
STIM
(uncountable) Acronym of science, technology, engineering, (and) mathematics.

SUV /suv/ /ˌɛs.juˈvi/ /ˌɛs.juːˈviː/ SUVs n
SUV TTL VUS
Initialism of sport utility vehicle; also S.U.V.

SV SVs n
B/V
(nautical) sailboat; Initialism of sailing vessel.

SWIFT /swɪft/ pn
SWIFT
(banking) Acronym of Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication.

Saakashvili pn
Saakachvili
A transliteration of the Georgian surname სააკაშვილი (saaḳašvili).

Saane pn
Sarine
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Saar /sɑː/ /zɑː/ pn
Sarre
Saarland, a state of Germany.

Saarbrücken pn
Sarrebruck
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Saarburg pn
Sarrebourg
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Saaremaa pn
Sarema Saaremaa
The largest island of Estonia, and Saare County which contains it.

Saarland pn
Sarre
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Sabatier Sabatiers pn
Sabatier

Sabattier Sabattiers pn
Sabattier

Sabbatarian Sabbatarians n
sabbataire sabbatiste
A person who regards and keeps the seventh day of the week ("Saturday", the Israelite or Jewish Sabbath) as holy in conformity with the fourth commandment of the Decalogue, such as an Orthodox Jew, Seventh-day Adventist, Seventh Day Baptist, a member of the Church of God (Seventh Day); a Sabbath-keeper, a Saturday-keeper.
A person who regards and keeps the first day of the week as holy and often considers it as a replacement for the seventh-day Sabbath, a Sunday-keeper.

Sabbatarianism /sabəˈtɛːɹɪənɪzm̩/ Sabbatarianisms n
sabbatisme
The principles and practices of a Sabbatarian; the observance of the Sabbath, the keeping of the Sabbath.

Sabbath /ˈsæbəθ/ Sabbaths n
sabbat chabbat shabbat
Friday-Saturday, observed in Judaism and some Christian denominations as a day of rest and worship.
dimanche
Sunday, observed in most of Christianity as a day of rest and worship.
sabbat esba
A meeting of witches. (Also called a witches' Sabbath, Shabbat, sabbat, or black Sabbath.)

Sabbath-day Sabbath-days n
jour du Chabbat jour du Sabbat jour du Schabbat jour du Shabbat jour du chabbat jour du sabbat
The day of the Sabbath; Saturday, the seventh day of the week.

Sabia Sabias pn
Sabia

Sabian Sabians n
sabéen

Sabina pn
Sabine Sabrina Sébrina
A en given name.

Sable Island pn
Île de Sable
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A small island and sand bar of Canada in the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast of Halifax, Nova Scotia, and in its jurisdiction.

Sachertorte / ˈzɑkɚˌtɔɹt/ /ˈsɑkɚˌtɔɹt/ /ˈzaxəˌtɔːtə/ Sachertorten Sachertortes n
Sachertorte tarte Sacher
A torte made of butter, eggs, confectioner's sugar, toasted breadcrumbs, spices, and chocolate, which is baked in layers, put together with apricot jam and finally frosted with chocolate.

Sacramento pn
Sacramento
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Safaitic pn
safaïtique ṣafaïtique

Safavid adj
safavide
Relating to the Safavid dynasty, a Muslim dynasty which ruled Iran between the 16th and 18th centuries.

Safavid Safavids n
Safavide
A member of the Safavid dynasty.

Safi pn
Safi
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Sagitta /səˈd͡ʒɪt.ə/ /səˈɡɪt.ə/ pn
Flèche
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble an arrow. It lies between the constellations of Vulpecula and Aquila.

Sagittarius /ˌsadʒɪˈtɛːrɪəs/ /ˌsædʒəˈtɛriəs/ Sagittariuses n
Sagittaire
(astrology) Someone with a Sagittarius star sign.

Sagittarius /ˌsadʒɪˈtɛːrɪəs/ /ˌsædʒəˈtɛriəs/ pn
Sagittaire
(zodiac constellations) A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a centaur who is an archer. It contains the stars Kaus Australis and Nunki.
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the archer, ruled by Jupiter and covering November 23 - December 21 (tropical astrology) or December 16 - January 14 (sidereal astrology).

Saguenay pn
Saguenay

Saguenean more Saguenean most Saguenean adj
saguenéen
Pertaining to the Saguenay

Saguenean Sagueneans n
Saguenéen Saguenéenne
A native or inhabitant of the Saguenay

Sagueneen Sagueneens n
Saguenéen

Sagueneenne Sagueneennes n
Saguenéenne

Sagunto pn
Sagonte
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Sahara /səˈhɑɹə/ /səˈhɑːɹə/ /səˈhɛɹə/ pn
Sahara
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Saharan more Saharan most Saharan adj
saharien
of or pertaining to the Sahara desert

Sahrawi /səˈɹɑːwi/ adj
saharaoui sahraoui
Of, from, or pertaining to Western Sahara, the Sahrawi people or their language Hassānīya.

Sahrawi /səˈɹɑːwi/ Sahrawis n
Saharaoui Sahraoui
A person from Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara).

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic pn
République Arabe Sahraouie Démocratique
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Said /saɪd/ pn
Saïd
A en given name

Saigonese adj
Saïgonnais
(history) Related to Saigon

Saigonese Saigonese n
Saïgonnais
(history) A person from Saigon

Saint /seɪnt/ /sənt/ Saints n
Saint
A title given to a saint, often prefixed to the person's name.

Saint Andrew's cross Saint Andrew's crosses n
croix de saint André sautoir
A diagonal cross, the figure of a cross that has a form of two intersecting oblique bars.

Saint Anthony's cross Saint Anthony's crosses n
croix de Saint-Antoine croix en tau
A T-shaped cross.

Saint Apollinaire pn
Saint-Apollinaire
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Saint Barbara pn
sainte Barbe
The patron of armourers, military engineers, gunsmiths, miners and anyone else who worked with cannon and explosives.

Saint Barthélemy /ˌsæn bɑː(ɹ)ˌteɪlɪˈmiː/ pn
Saint-Barth Saint-Barthélemy
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Saint Bernard /ˈseɪnt bəɹˈnɑɹd/ /ˈsənt ˈbəɹnəd/ Saint Bernards n
saint-bernard chien du mont Saint-Bernard
One of a breed of large dog, famous for rescuing people on mountains.

Saint Catherine pn
Sainte-Catherine
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Saint Charles pn
Saint Charles

Saint Clare pn
Sainte Claire
St Clare of Assisi (1194–1253).
(uncommon) , a surname.
(uncommon) , a male given name.

Saint David's Day pn
fête de la Saint-David
The feast day of Saint David, patron saint of Wales, celebrated in Wales on March 1.

Saint George /ˈseɪnt ˈdʒɔː(ɹ)dʒ/ pn
saint Georges
(Christianity) Patron saint of England and several other places; legendary killer of a dragon.

Saint Helena /seɪnt həˈliːnə/ pn
Sainte-Hélène
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Saint Helier /ˈhɛliəɹ/ pn
Saint-Hélier
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Saint John /ˈseɪnt ˈd͡ʒɒn/ pn
Saint John
Any of the saints named John.
A place named after a St. John:
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Saint Kitts and Nevis /seɪnt ˌkɪts ən ˈniː.vɪs/ pn
Saint-Christophe-et-Niévès Saint-Christophe-et-Nevis
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Saint Lawrence River pn
Fleuve Saint-Laurent
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Saint Lucia /seɪnt ˈluː.ʃə/ pn
Sainte-Lucie
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Saint Lucian adj
lucien lucienne saint-lucien saint-lucienne
Of, or pertaining to, Saint Lucia or its culture or people.

Saint Lucian Saint Lucians n
Saint-Lucien Saint-Lucienne
Someone from Saint Lucia or of Saint Lucian descent

Saint Martin /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑɹ.tən/ /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑɹ.tɪn/ /ˌseɪnt ˈmɑː.tɪn/ pn
Saint-Martin
An island in the northeast of the Caribbean Sea, whose northern portion is part of France and whose southern portion is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.

Saint Mary /ˈseɪnt ˈmɛə.ɹi/ pn
sainte Marie
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Saint Michael pn
saint Michel
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Saint Nicholas pn
saint Nicolas
(Christianity) A 4th-century Greek bishop from Myra, Anatolia, patron saint of children, mariners and the unwed among others, functioning in multiple countries as a gift-giving figure around his feast day of December 6.

Saint Onge pn
Saint Onge
A habitational surname from French.
A placename for several places in Canada and France

Saint Petersburg /sənt ˈpiːtə(r)zˌbɜː(r)ɡ/ pn
Saint-Pétersbourg
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Saint Pierre and Miquelon pn
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
An overseas territory of France off the eastern coast of Canada.

Saint Valentine's Day /ˌseɪntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ /ˌsəntˈvælənˌtaɪnzˌdeɪ/ pn
Saint-Valentin
A holiday in remembrance of Saint Valentine, February 14th, celebrated by sending cards or similar tokens of love.

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines /seɪnt ˈvɪnt.sənt ən ðə ˈɡɹɛn.əˌdiːnz/ pn
Saint-Vincent-et-Grenadines Saint-Vincent-et-les-Grenadines
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Saint-Barnabé pn
Saint-Barnabé
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Saint-Denis pn
Saint-Denis
The administrative capital of Réunion, the overseas territory of France.

Saint-Florent pn
Saint-Florent
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Saint-Girons pn
Saint-Girons
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Saint-Lizier pn
Saint-Lizier
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Saint-Malo pn
Saint-Malo
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Saint-Pastous pn
Saint-Pastous
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Saint-Pierre /ˌseɪnt piˈɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌsæ̃ piˈɛə(ɹ)/ pn
Saint-Pierre
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Saint-Pierre and Miquelon pn
Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon
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Saint-Pierre-des-Corps /ˌsæ̃ piˈɛə(ɹ) deɪ ˈkɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Saint-Pierre-des-Corps
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Saint-Priest pn
Saint-Priest
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Saint-Tropez /ˌsæn tɹoʊˈpeɪ/ /ˌsæn tɹəˈpeɪ/ pn
Saint-Tropez
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Saint-Émilion Saint-Émilions n
saint-émilion
A kind of red wine from Saint-Émilion in the Bordeaux region.

Saint-Émilion pn
Saint-Émilion
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Saint-Étienne /ˌsænt ɛtiˈɛn/ pn
Saint-Étienne Sainté
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Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois pn
Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois
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Saintes pn
Saintes
A French Catholic diocese named after the above, its see.
A French arrondissement named after the above, its capital.
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Saintonge pn
Saintonge
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A habitational surname from French.

Saitama pn
Saitama
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Saiva Saivas n
shivaïte
(Hinduism) A worshiper of Siva or practicer of Shaivism.

Sajjan Sajjans pn
Sajjan

Sakar pn
Sakar
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Sakhalin /ˌsækəˈliːn/ /ˌsæx-/ pn
Sakhaline
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Sakmarian pn
Sakmarien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Saladin /ˈsælədɪn/ pn
Saladin
(history) First sultan of Egypt and Syria and the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, who led the Muslim opposition to the European Crusaders in the Levant.

Salafi Salafis n
salafiste
(Islam) An adherent of Salafism.

Salafism n
salafisme
(Islam) A movement comparing itself to Sunni Islam, claiming to taking the pious ancestors, the salaf of the patristic period of early Islam, as exemplary models.

Salamanca /ˌsæləˈmæŋkə/ pn
Salamanque
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Salamis pn
Salamine
(Greek mythology) A nymph, the daughter of Asopus and Metope, who was carried away by Poseidon to the island that bears her name.

Salazarism n
salazarisme
(politics) The politics of António de Oliveira Salazar (1889–1970), Portuguese professor and politician who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968.

Salekhard pn
Salekhard
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Salerno pn
Salerne
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A surname.

Salies-du-Salat pn
Salies-du-Salat
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Salish /ˈseɪ.lɪʃ/ adj
salishen salishien salishienne
Synonym of Salishan; Of or relating to the Salish people or their languages.

Salish /ˈseɪ.lɪʃ/ n
salishe
(dated) The Bitterroot Salish people specifically.
A broad Native American ethnolinguistic group, the Salish peoples.

Salish Sea pn
Mer des Salish

Salmanazar Salmanazars n
salmanazar
A bottle of champagne or Burgundy wine containing 9 liters of fluid, twelve times the volume of a standard bottle.

Salome /səˈloʊmi/ pn
Salomé
(rare) A en given name

Salon-de-Provence pn
Salon-de-Provence
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Saluki /səˈɫuki/ Salukis n
lévrier persan sloughi
(cynology) An ancient sighthound breed of dog with a silky coat originating in the Middle East, once sacred to the Egyptians.

Salvador /ˈsælvədɔː(ɹ)/ pn
Salvador
A en given name.
A surname from Spanish or Portuguese.
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Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError
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Salvadoran adj
salvadorien
Of, from, or pertaining to El Salvador or the Salvadorian people.

Salvadoran Salvadorans n
Salvadorien
A person from El Salvador or of Salvadorian descent.

Salvation Army pn
Armée du salut
A Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organisation structured in a quasi-military fashion, originally founded to help the poor of London.

Salvationist adj
salutiste
Relating to the activities or doctrines of the Salvation Army.

Salvationist Salvationists n
salutiste
A member of the Salvation Army.

Salzburg /ˈsɑltsbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ /ˈsɔːltsbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Salzbourg
The present federal state of Austria surrounding the city.
(historical) The former sovereign archbishopric surrounding the city.

Salzburgian more Salzburgian most Salzburgian adj
salzbourgeois
Of or pertaining to the Austrian state of Salzburg or people from there.

Salzburgian Salzburgians n
salzbourgeois
A person from Salzburg.

Salé pn
Salé
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Samantha /səˈmænθə/ [səˈmɛənθə] pn
Samantha
A en given name.

Samara pn
Samara
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Samaria /səˈmæː.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛə.ɹɪ.ə/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ə/ pn
Samarie
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Samaritan /səˈmæɹɪtən/ /səˈmɛɹɪtən/ adj
samaritain samaritaine
Of, or relating to Samaria or Samaritans.

Samaritan /səˈmæɹɪtən/ /səˈmɛɹɪtən/ Samaritans n
Samaritain Samaritaine
A native, or inhabitant of Samaria; especially one practising certain ethnoreligious traditions indigenous to that region.

Samarkand /ˈsæmə(ɹ)kænd/ pn
Samarcande
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Samegrelo pn
Mingrélie
A historic province in the western part of the country of Georgia

Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti pn
Mingrélie-et-Haute-Svanétie
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Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ adj
same lapon sami
Relating to the Sami people of northern Scandinavia, or the Sami languages.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Sami Samis n
Sami
A member of an indigenous Finno-Ugric people of Lapland.

Sami /ˈsæmi/ /ˈsɑːmi/ Samis pn
same lapon sami
(countable) Any of the languages of the Sami people.

Samoa /saː.mo.a/ /səˈmoʊ.ə/ /səˈmoʊə/ /səˈməʊ.ə/ /ˈsaːˌmaʉ̯.ə/ pn
Samoa
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Samoan adj
samoan
Of, from, or pertaining to Samoa, the Samoan people or the Samoan language.

Samoan Samoans n
Samoan Samoen Samoën Samoïen
(countable) A person from Samoa or of Samoan descent.

Samogitia /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃə/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃə/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃə/ pn
Samogitie
An ethnographic region of Lithuania, located in the north-west of the country.

Samogitian /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃən/ adj
samogitien
Of, from, or pertaining to the region of Samogitia, or its people.

Samogitian /ˌsa.mə(ʊ)ˈɡiː.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.moʊˈɡi.ʃən/ /ˌsæ.məˈɡi.ʃən/ pn
samogitien
A Baltic language spoken in Samogitia.

Samoic more Samoic most Samoic adj
samoïque

Samos /ˈseɪ.mɒs/ pn
Samos
An island belonging to the Sporades and a city on it, in the Aegean.
A modern Greek prefecture in the eastern part of the Aegean that includes the island along with the islands of Icaria and Fourni.

Samosata /səˈmɒsətə/ pn
Samosate
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Samothrace pn
Samothrace
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Samothracian /sæmoʊˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /sæmoʊˈθɹeɪʃən/ /sæməʊˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /sæməʊˈθɹeɪʃən/ Samothracians n
Samothracien
An inhabitant or a resident of Samothrace.

Samoyed /səˈmɔɪ.ɛd/ /ˈsæməjɛd/ Samoyed Samoyeds n
Samoyède
(anthropology) A member of the Samoyedic peoples of the Siberian Urals, who speak Samoyedic languages.
Samoyède samoyède
(zoology) A hardy breed of dog from Siberia.

Samoyedic /ˈsamɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsamə(ʊ)ˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmoʊˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsæməˌjɛdɪk/ adj
samoyède samoyèdes
Of or pertaining to these languages.

Samoyedic /ˈsamɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsamə(ʊ)ˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmoʊˌjɛdɪk/ /ˈsæmɔɪ̯ˌ(j)ɛdɪk/ /ˈsæməˌjɛdɪk/ pn
langues samoyèdes samoyède
Any of a group of languages spoken in the Urals that, along with Finno-Ugric, make up the Uralic language group.

Sampsigeramid Sampsigeramids n
Sampsigéramide
A member of the Sampsigeramid dynasty.

Samson /ˈsæmsən/ pn
Samson
An Israelite judge in the Old Testament who performed feats of strength against the Philistines but was betrayed by Delilah his mistress. (biblical character)
An English surname derived from the given name.

Samtskhe-Javakheti pn
Samtskhé-Djavakhétie
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Samuel /ˈsæmjuəl/ pn
Samuel
A en given name.
One of two books of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.
The primary author and central character of the first book of Samuel.
A surname.

San Franciscan more San Franciscan most San Franciscan adj
san-franciscain
Of or relating to San Francisco.

San Franciscan San Franciscans n
Franciscanais Franciscanaise
A native of San Francisco.

San Francisco /ˌsæn fɹænˈsɪskoʊ/ /ˌsæn fɹənˈsɪskoʊ/ pn
San Francisco
A major coastal city in California of over 800,000 widely known for its unique culture, architecture, and LGBT population; formerly Yerba Buena (pre-1847).

San Francisco Peaks pn
pics San Francisco
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San Jose /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ/ /ˌsæn.oʊˈzeɪ/ pn
San José
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San José pn
San José
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Places named after Saint Joseph (acquired from Spanish).

San Marinese adj
Saint-Marinais saint-marinais

San Marino /ˌsæn məˈɹi.noʊ/ /ˌsæn məˈɹiː.nəʊ/ pn
Saint-Marin
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San Salvador /sæn ˈsælvədɔɹ/ pn
San Salvador
(historical) Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError discovered on Christopher Columbus's first voyage.
Short for San Salvador Island, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
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San Sebastián /ˌsæn ˌsɛbəsˈtjɑːn/ pn
Saint-Sébastien
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San-Lorenzo pn
San-Lorenzo
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Sanaa /sɑˈnɑː/ /səˈnɑː/ pn
Sanaa
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Sancerre /sɒ̃nˈsɛə(ɹ)/ Sancerres n
Sancerre sancerre
A French wine from Sancerre.

Sanctus pn
Sanctus
A prayer in Christian liturgy, beginning “Holy, holy, holy …” and typically said or sung as a hymn shortly before the anaphora.

Sandbian pn
Sandbien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Ordovician period.

Sandinista Sandinistas n
sandiniste
A member of the Sandinista National Liberation Front.

Sandown pn
Sandown

Sandra /ˈsændɹə/ Sandras pn
Sandra
A en given name.

Sandwich tern Sandwich terns n
sterne caugek
A species of tern, Thalasseus sandvicensis.

Sanskrit /ˈsænskɹɪt/ n
sanskrit sanscrit
A classical Indo-European language of South Asia, which is the liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism. [from 1610s]

Sanssouci pn
Sanssouci

Santa Catarina pn
Santa Catarina
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Santa Claus /ˈsæn.təˌklɑz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔz/ /ˈsæn.təˌklɔːz/ /ˈsæːn.təˌkloːz/ Santa Clauses pn
Père Noël Papa Noël Saint Nicolas
(folklore) A figure said to bring presents to people (especially children) at Christmas time.

Santa Fe /ˌsæntə ˈfeɪ/ pn
Sainte Foi Sainte Foy
Places in Argentina:
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Places in Cuba:
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Places in Honduras:
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Places in Panama:
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Places in the United States:
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a town in Spencer County, Indiana, renamed for post office reasons.
(rail) Short for the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway.

Santa's workshop Santa's workshops n
atelier du Père Noël
A fanciful replica of this structure, temporarily erected in a retail store, shopping mall, or other public venue at Christmastime as an attraction for children and parents.

Santali n
santal
The Austroasiatic language spoken by the Santals.

Santiago /sæntiˈɑːɡəʊ/ /sɑntiˈɑɡoʊ/ pn
Santiago Santiago du Chili
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Santiago de Compostela pn
Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle
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Santo Domingo pn
Saint-Domingue
(historical) The Spanish-colonized portion of the island of Hispaniola, which later became the Dominican Republic, especially as contrasted with Saint-Domingue, the French-controlled portion.

Santonian pn
Santonien
(geology, paleontology) A stage or age, a subdivision of the Late (Upper) Cretaceous epoch.

Santorini /ˌsantɒˈɹiːnɪ/ /ˌsantəˈɹiːnɪ/ /ˌsæntəˈɹini/ pn
Santorin
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis pn
hypothèse Sapir-Whorf hypothèse de Sapir-Whorf
(linguistics) The principle that the structure of a language affects its speakers' worldview or cognition.

Sapphic /ˈsæf.ɪk/ adj
saphique
Relating to the Greek poetess Sappho from Lesbos or her poetry.

Sappho /ˈsæfoʊ/ /ˈsæfəʊ/ pn
Sappho
An Ancient Greek female name, particularly borne by a poetess from Lesbos who lived between 630 and 570 BC (exact dates unknown).

Sapporo pn
Sapporo
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Saracen /ˈsæɹəˌsən/ Saracens n
Sarrasin Sarrazin
A member of a nomadic people from the Sinai near the Roman province of Arabia in the early centuries CE, who were specifically distinct from Arabs.
(dated) A Muslim, especially one involved in the Crusades.

Saragossan adj
saragossain
from Saragossa (Zaragoza).

Sarah /ˈse(ɪ).ɹə/ /ˈsæ.ɹə/ /ˈsɑɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛə.ɹə/ /ˈsɛɚ.ə/ /ˈsɛɹ.ə/ /ˈsɛː.ɹə/ Sarahs pn
Sara
The wife of Abraham and mother of Isaac in the Bible.
Sarah
A en given name.

Saraiki /səˈ.ɹaɪ.ki/ pn
Saraiki
The Indo-Aryan language spoken by them.

Sarajevo /ˌsɑɹəˈjeɪvəʊ/ pn
Sarajevo
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Saratov pn
Saratov
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Sardanapalus pn
Sardanapale
A semi-legendary king of Assyria, as portrayed in Greek and later European art and literature.

Sardinia /sɑɹˈdɪniə/ /sɑːˈdɪnɪə/ pn
Sardaigne
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Sardinian adj
sarde
Of or relating to Sardinia or its people or culture.

Sardinian Sardinians n
Sarde Sardaignois Sardaignoise
A person from Sardinia.

Sardinian pn
sarde
A Romance language spoken in the Italian region of Sardinia.

Sargon pn
Sargon
An Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BCE.

Sark /sɑɹk/ /sɑːk/ pn
Sercq
One of the Channel Islands; notable inter alia for its local government containing one of the last vestiges of feudalism in Europe.

Sarkozy /sɑɹˈkoʊzi/ /sɑːˈkəʊzi/ Sarkozys pn
Sarkozy
A surname from French.
A surname from Hungarian.

Sarmatia /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃi.ə/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃə/ pn
Sarmatie
(historical) An ancient territory corresponding to the western part of greater Scythia (modern Ukraine, southern Russia, and the eastern Balkans).

Sarmatian /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃi.ə/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃə/ more Sarmatian most Sarmatian adj
sarmate
Of or relating to Sarmatia.

Sarmatian /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃi.ə/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃə/ Sarmatians n
Sarmate
A native or inhabitant of Sarmatia.

Sarmatism /ˈsɑɹmətɪzəm/ /ˈsɑːmətɪzəm/ n
sarmatisme
(historical) The belief that the people of the Polish Commonwealth descended from the ancient Sarmatians, the legendary invaders of Slavic lands in antiquity.

Sarrebourg pn
Sarrebourg
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Sarthe pn
Sarthe
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Sartrean more Sartrean most Sartrean adj
sartrien sartrienne
Of or pertaining to Jean-Paul Sartre or his works.

Sasha Sashas pn
Sacha
A en given name.
A en given name.

Saskatchewan /səˈskæt͡ʃ.ə.wən/ /səˈskæt͡ʃ.əˌwɑːn/ pn
Saskatchewan
Prairie province in western Canada (named after the river, which flows through it) which has Regina as its capital city.

Saskatchewanian adj
saskatchewanais saskatchewannais
Of or relating to Saskatchewan.

Saskatchewanian Saskatchewanians n
Saskatchewanais Saskatchewanaise Saskatchewannais Saskatchewannaise
A native or inhabitant of the province of Saskatchewan, Canada.

Saskatonian /ˌsæs.kə.ˈtoʊ. ni.ən/ adj
saskatonien
Of or relating to Saskatoon.

Saskatonian /ˌsæs.kə.ˈtoʊ. ni.ən/ Saskatonians n
Saskatonien Saskatonienne
A native or inhabitant of the city of Saskatoon (Saskatchewan, Canada).

Saskatoon /ˌsæs.kə.ˈtun/ pn
Saskatoon
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Sasquatch /ˈsæskwæt͡ʃ/ /ˈsæskwɒt͡ʃ/ Sasquatches n
Sasquatch
(cryptozoology) A large hairy humanoid creature of western North America; a Bigfoot.

Sassarese /ˈsæsəɹiːz/ /ˈsɑːsəɹiz/ pn
sassarais sassarien
A Romance lect, transitional between Corsican and Sardinian, spoken in the province of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy.

Sassari /ˈsæsəɹi/ /ˈsɑsəɹi/ pn
Sassari
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Sat Sats n
sam.
abbreviation of Saturday

Satan /ˈseɪ.tn̩/ /ˈseɪ.tən/ [ˈseɪ.ʔn̩] pn
Satan
(religion) The supreme evil spirit in the Abrahamic religions, who tempts humanity and rules Hell; the Devil; (in, _, Theistic Satanism) the same figure, regarded as a deity to be revered and worshipped.

Satanism /ˈseɪtənɪzm/ Satanisms n
satanisme
Worship or reverence to Satan (usually synonymous with "the Devil").
A profession, philosophy, or ideological construct featuring a positive, admirable, or useful association to the figure, character or entity known as 'Satan'; or, featuring opposition to all morality and the procurement of what is wanted regardless of the consequences concerning others.

Satanist Satanists n
sataniste
One who identifies with Anton Szandor LaVey's philosophical teachings and the religion, Satanism, founded upon it.
One who worships Satan.

Sato Satos pn
Sato
A surname from Japanese.

Satu Mare pn
Satu Mare
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Saturday /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] adv
samedi
(US, Canada) On Saturday.

Saturday /ˈsætədeɪ/ /ˈsætədi/ /ˈsætədæɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdeɪ/ /ˈsætəɹdi/ [ˈsæɾɚdeɪ̯] [ˈsæɾɚdi] Saturdays n
samedi
The seventh day of the week in many religious traditions, and the sixth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; observed as the Sabbath/Shabbat in Judaism (Friday sunset to Saturday sunset); it follows Friday and precedes Sunday.

Saturn /ˈsæt.ən/ /ˈsæt.ɚn/ pn
Saturne
(astronomy) The sixth planet of the solar system, known for its large rings, and until recent times the furthest known; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♄.
(Roman god) The god of fertility and agriculture, equivalent to the Greek Kronos.

Saturnian /sæ.tɜː(ɹ)n.jən/ Saturnians n
Saturnien Saturnienne
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Saturn.

Sauber Saubers pn
Sauber
A surname from German.

Saudi /ˈsaʊdi/ /ˈsɔːdi/ more Saudi most Saudi adj
saoudien saoudi saoudite
From, or pertaining to Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Arabian people or language.

Saudi /ˈsaʊdi/ /ˈsɔːdi/ Saudis n
Saoudien Saoudienne
A person from Saudi Arabia or of Saudi Arabian descent.

Saudi Arabia /ˌsaʊ.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ /ˌsɔː.di əˈɹeɪ.bi.ə/ pn
Arabie Saoudite Arabie saoudite
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Sauer pn
Sûre
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Saul /sɑl/ /sɔːl/ pn
Saül
(Christianity, Judaism) The first king of Israel in the Old Testament.
Saul
(Christianity) The Hebrew name of Apostle Paul in the New Testament.

Sault Ste. Marie /ˈsuː seɪnt məˈɹiː/ pn
Sault Ste. Marie
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Saulteaux pn
saulteaux
the language of this nation

Sauvagnac pn
Sauvagnac
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Sauvagnas pn
Sauvagnas
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Sauvignac pn
Sauvignac
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Sauytbay pn
Sauytbay
A transliteration of the Kazakh male given name Сауытбай (Sauytbai).

Sava pn
Save
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Save pn
Save Savé
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Savior pn
Sauveur
(Christianity) Jesus Christ

Savoie pn
Savoie
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Savona Savonas pn
Savone
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A surname from Italian.

Savonia pn
Savolaxie Savonie
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Savoy /səˈvɔɪ/ pn
Savoie
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Savoy cabbage Savoy cabbages n
chou de Savoie
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda, a hardy cabbage with dense, crinkled leaves

Saxon /ˈsæksən/ more Saxon most Saxon adj
saxon
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Saxon language.

Saxon /ˈsæksən/ Saxons n
Saxon Saxonne
A native or inhabitant of Saxony.

Saxony /ˈsæksəni/ pn
Saxe
A historic realm and modern state of Germany.

Saxony-Anhalt pn
Saxe-Anhalt
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Saïda pn
Saïda
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Saône /soʊn/ /səʊn/ pn
Saône
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Saône-et-Loire pn
Saône-et-Loire
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Scandinavia /skændɪˈneɪvi.ə/ pn
Scandinavie
Denmark, Norway, and Sweden collectively and sometimes Finland, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands.

Scandinavian /ˌskændɪˈneɪvi.ən/ more Scandinavian most Scandinavian adj
scandinave
(Of a language) Of or relating to the North Germanic family of languages to which Swedish, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Danish, Icelandic, and Faeroese belong.

Scandinavian /ˌskændɪˈneɪvi.ən/ Scandinavians n
Scandinave
Someone from Scandinavia.

Scandinavian Peninsula pn
péninsule Scandinave Scandinavie
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Scania /ˈskæni.ə/ pn
Scanie
A historical region, currently part of Sweden, occupying the southernmost tip of the Scandinavian Peninsula.

Scanian adj
scanien
Of or pertaining to Scania, a region of southern Sweden.

Scarborough /ˈskɑɹbəɹoʊ/ Scarboroughs pn
Scarborough
The Borough of Scarborough, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Schaerbeek /ˈskɑɹbeɪk/ pn
Schaerbeek
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Schaffhausen pn
Schaffhouse
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Scheffer Scheffers pn
Scheffer

Schefferville pn
Schefferville

Scheherazade /ʃəˈhɛɹəzɑd/ /ʃəˌhɛɹəˈzɑːd(ə)/ pn
Shéhérazade Schéhérazade
A en given name.
Shéhérazade
A fictional character, the wife and storyteller of the king Shahryar in One Thousand and One Nights.

Scheldt /skɛlt/ /ʃɛlt/ pn
Escaut
A river flowing through France, Belgium and the Netherlands.

Schengen Area pn
espace Schengen
(European politics) The group of European countries that have signed the Schengen Agreement, abolishing border controls between each other.

Schlegel diagram Schlegel diagrams n
diagramme de Schlegel
(geometry) A projection of a polytope from n-dimensional space to n-1 dimensions through a point beyond one of its faces; especially such a projection (itself represented in 2 dimensions) of a 3- or 4-dimensional polytope.

Schlemm's canal Schlemm's canals n
canal de Schlemm
(anatomy) a circular channel in the eye that collects aqueous humour from the anterior chamber and delivers it into the bloodstream; if it is blocked, a glaucoma results

Schleswig-Holstein pn
Schleswig-Holstein
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Schopenhauerian /ˌʃoʊpənhaʊˈɪɹi.ən/ /ˌʃəʊpənhaʊˈɪəɹɪən/ more Schopenhauerian most Schopenhauerian adj
schopenhauerien schopenhauérien
Of or relating to Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860), German philosopher known for his pessimism and clarity.

Schrödinger's cat pn
chat de Schrödinger
The thought experiment which was devised by Erwin Schrödinger, is usually considered a paradox, involves a Schrödinger's cat and is typically supposed to be analysed from the point of view of quantum mechanics.

Schuman Schumans pn
Schuman

Schumann Schumanns pn
Schumann

Schumannian more Schumannian most Schumannian adj
schumannien
Of or pertaining to Robert Schumann.

Schwartz pn
Schwartz
A surname from German.

Schwyz pn
Schwytz Schwyz
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Scientologist Scientologists n
scientologue
A follower of Scientology, whether belonging to the "official" Church of Scientology or being outside in the so-called Free Zone.

Scientology pn
scientologie
A belief system with certain religious aspects, developed in 1952, focused on the teachings of L. Ron Hubbard.

Scorpio /ˈskɔːpɪəʊ/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪoʊ/ pn
Scorpion
(astrology) The zodiac sign for the scorpion, ruled by Mars and covering October 23 - November 22 (tropical astrology) or November 16 - December 15 (sidereal astrology).

Scorpius /ˈskɔːpɪəs/ /ˈskɔːɹpɪəs/ pn
Scorpion
(constellation) A constellation of the zodiac, roughly shaped like a scorpion. Its brightest star is the red giant Antares.

Scot /ˈskɑt/ /ˈskɒt/ /ˈskɔʔ/ Scots n
Écossais Écossaise
A person born in or native to Scotland.

Scotch /skɑt͡ʃ/ /skɒt͡ʃ/ Scotches n
scotch
(uncountable) Whisky distilled in Scotland, especially from malted barley.

Scotch /skɑt͡ʃ/ /skɒt͡ʃ/ pn
Écossais
(dated) The people of Scotland.

Scotch mist Scotch mists n
gaillet des bois
The perennial flowering plant Galium sylvaticum.

Scotland /ˈskɑt.lənd/ /ˈskɒt.lənd/ /ˈskɔʔ.lənd/ pn
Écosse
A habitational surname referring to someone from Scotland.

Scotland Yard pn
Scotland Yard
The headquarters of the Criminal Investigation Department of the London Metropolitan Police Force.

Scots /skɒts/ /ˈskɔts/ adj
écossais
(sometimes, proscribed) Scottish

Scots /skɒts/ /ˈskɔts/ pn
écossais scots
A Germanic language closely related to English and descended from northern dialects of Middle English, spoken in parts of Scotland, now especially in the northeastern and southern regions of the country.

Scots pine Scots pines n
pin sylvestre
Pinus sylvestris, an evergreen of wide distribution in Eurasia in northern or mountainous areas.

Scotsman /ˈskɑts.mən/ Scotsmen n
Écossais
A man from Scotland; a Scot.

Scottish /ˈskɑ.ɾɪʃ/ /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ/ /ˈskɔt.ɪʃ/ [ˈskɔɾ.ɪʃ] more Scottish most Scottish adj
écossais
Of a thing or concept, of or pertaining to Scotland.

Scottish /ˈskɑ.ɾɪʃ/ /ˈskɒt.ɪʃ/ /ˈskɔt.ɪʃ/ [ˈskɔɾ.ɪʃ] n
Écossais
(collective, in the plural, with definite article, i. e. the Scottish) the people of Scotland.

Scottish English pn
anglais écossais
A variety of the English language that is spoken mostly in Scotland.

Scottish Gaelic pn
gaélique écossais
The Gaelic language of Scotland, spoken primarily in the northern and western parts of the country, with important communities in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Scottish Gaelic had its widest influence between 800 and 1200 C.E., as place names throughout Scotland attest.

Scottish crossbill Scottish crossbills n
bec-croisé d'Écosse
Loxia scotica, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is endemic to the Caledonian Forests of Scotland

Scout's honor interjection
parole de scout
(figuratively) Any promise or oath.

Scouts pn
scoutisme scouts
A worldwide youth movement with the aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, so that they may play a constructive role in the society [1].

Scrabble /ˈskɹæ.bəl/ pn
Scrabble
A board game in which players draw letter tiles and take turns to make interlocking words like a crossword, scoring points according to the letters played and their positions on the board.

Scrabbler Scrabblers n
scrabbleur scrabbleuse
A player of the word game Scrabble.

Sculptor pn
Sculpteur
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the southern sky. It lies between Aquarius and Phoenix and lies in the direction of the southern pole of the Milky Way.

Scutum pn
Écu de Sobieski
(constellation) A small autumn constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a shield. It lies between the constellations of Aquila, Sagittarius, and the tail of Serpens.

Scylla /ˈsɪlə/ pn
Scylla
A dangerous rock on the Italian coast opposite the whirlpool Charybdis on the coast of Sicily. The passage between Scylla and Charybdis was formerly considered perilous; hence, the saying between Scylla and Charybdis signifies a great peril on either hand.

Scythia /ˈsɪði.ə/ /ˈsɪθi.ə/ pn
Scythie
(historical) A region of Central Eurasia in the classical era, encompassing parts of the Pontic steppe, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, inhabited by nomadic Scythians from at least the 11th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ more Scythian most Scythian adj
scythe
Relating to Scythia or Scythians.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ Scythians n
Scythe
An inhabitant of Scythia, an ill-defined region centered in southern Russia.

Scythian /ˈsɪði.ən/ /ˈsɪθi.ən/ pn
scythe
The Eastern Iranian language of Scythians.

Sderot pn
Sdérot
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Sea of Azov /ˈsiː əv ˈɑːzɒv/ pn
mer d'Azov mer d’Azov
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Sea of Cortez pn
mer de Cortés
Synonym of Gulf of California

Sea of Galilee pn
lac de Tibériade mer de Galilée
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Sea of Japan pn
mer du Japon
The body of water between Japan, Sakhalin, the Asian continent, and Jeju Island.

Sea of Marmara pn
mer de Marmara Mer de Marmara
A deep inland sea in north-western Turkey connecting the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea via the straits of Bosphorus and Dardanelles.

Sea of Okhotsk /ˌsiː əv əˈxɒtsk/ pn
mer d'Okhotsk
A sea between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and north.

Sea of Tranquility pn
Mer de la Tranquillité

Sealand pn
Sealand principauté de Sealand
A self-proclaimed micronation (full name: the Principality of Sealand) whose capital is HM Fort Roughs, a former British sea fort.

Seattle /siˈætl̩/ [-ɾɫ] pn
Seattle
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Seb pn
Séb
A en given name,

Sebastia pn
Sebastia
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Sebastian /səˈbæst͡ʃən/ /sɪˈbæs.tʃən/ /sɪˈbæsti.ən/ pn
Sébastien
A en given name.

Seborga pn
Seborga

Second French Empire pn
Second Empire
(historical) The French empire ruled by Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870.

Secretary General Secretaries General n
secrétaire général premier secrétaire
The chief administrator of an international body such as NATO or the United Nations.

Secretary of State Secretaries of State n
secrétaire d'État
Any of several senior government positions whose function varies from nation to nation.

Sedna pn
Sedna
(mythology, Inuit mythology) The Inuit goddess of the sea and marine animals.
(astronomy) 90377 Sedna, a trans-Neptunian dwarf planet whose eccentric detached orbit is wholly beyond the Kuiper belt.

Seediq pn
seediq
The Austronesian language spoken by the Seediq people.

Segorbe /sɛˈɡɔːbeɪ/ pn
Segorbe
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Segovia /sɪˈɡəʊviə/ pn
Ségovie
The letter S in the Spanish spelling alphabet

Seine /seɪn/ /sɛn/ pn
Seine
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Seine-Maritime pn
Seine-Maritime
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Seine-Saint-Denis pn
Seine-Saint-Denis
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Seine-et-Marne pn
Seine-et-Marne
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Sejm /seɪm/ pn
diète
The lower house of the Polish parliament.

Selandian pn
Sélandien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Paleocene epoch.

Selangor pn
Selangor
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Selena /səˈlinə/ /sɪˈliːnə/ pn
Céline Sélène Séléna
A en given name.

Selene /səˈlini/ /sɪˈliːnɪ/ pn
Séléné
(Greek god) The goddess of the Moon.

Seleucia /səˈlu.ʃi.ə/ /səˈlu.ʃə/ /sɪˈlu.ʃi.ə/ /sɪˈlu.ʃə/ /sɪˈluː.ʃə/ /sɪˈluː.ʃɪ.ə/ Seleucias pn
Séleucie
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Seleucid /səˈluːsɪd/ adj
séleucide
Relating to the Greek-Macedonian dynasty which ruled (312–63 BCE) an empire created by Seleucus out of the eastern conquests of Alexander the Great.

Seleucus /səˈljuːkəs/ /səˈluːkəs/ /ˌsɛleˈukəs/ /ˌsɛlˈjukəs/ pn
Séleucos
A en given name, particularly Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Empire.

Seljuk /sɛlˈd͡ʒuːk/ /ˈsɛld͡ʒuːk/ adj
saljuqide saljûqide seldjoukide
Of or related to Seljuk, to his dynasty, to their empire in southwestern Asia, or to the period of their rule from the 11th–14th centuries.

Seljuk /sɛlˈd͡ʒuːk/ /ˈsɛld͡ʒuːk/ pn
Saljuq
Seljuk Bey, the legendary founder of an Oghuz Turk dynasty that ruled an eponymous Sunni Muslim empire in Southwest Asia and numerous successor states, particularly in Anatolia.

Selkup Selkup Selkups n
Selkoupe
Any member of a people who live in the northwest of Siberia.

Selkup pn
selkoupe
the Samoyedic language spoken by these people.

Selles-sur-Cher Selles-sur-Chers n
Selles-sur-Cher selles-sur-cher
A cheese made from goat milk, produced in Selles-sur-Cher.

Selonia pn
Sélonie
A cultural region in southern Latvia encompassing the eastern part of Semigallia.

Semite /ˈsiː.maɪt/ /ˈsɛ.maɪt/ /ˈsɪ.maɪt/ Semites n
sémite
A descendant of any of these peoples.

Semitic /səˈmɪt.ɪk/ [səˈmɪɾ.ɪk] adj
sémitique
Of or pertaining to the Semites; of or pertaining to one or more Semitic peoples.

Semitism Semitisms n
sémitisme

Senate Senates pn
Sénat sénat
Any of several legislative bodies. (In countries which have multiple legislative bodies, the Senate is often the more senior.)
Sénat
(Canada) The Senate of Canada; the upper house of the Canadian parliament; "the Senate".
(US) The United States Senate.

Seneca /ˈsɛnɪkə/ Seneca Senecas n
Sénécas Tsonnontouan
A member of a tribe of Native Americans in western New York state.

Seneca /ˈsɛnɪkə/ pn
Sénèque
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Lucius Annaeus Seneca, a Roman stoic philosopher, dramatist, and statesman.

Senegal /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɑːl/ /ˌsɛn.ɪ.ˈɡɔːl/ pn
Sénégal
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Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ more Senegalese most Senegalese adj
sénégalais
Of, from, or pertaining to Senegal or the Senegalese people.

Senegalese /ˌsɛ.nə.ɡəˈliːz/ Senegalese n
Sénégalais Sénégalaise
A person from Senegal or of Senegalese descent.

Sengouagnet pn
Sengouagnet
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Senkaku Islands /ˈsɛŋkɑːku ˈaɪləndz/ pn
Îles Senkaku îles Diaoyutai
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Senonian n
Sénonien

Seoul /soʊl/ /səʊl/ pn
Séoul
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Seoulite adj
séoulien séoulite
Of or from Seoul.

Seoulite Seoulites n
Séoulien Séoulienne Séoulite
Someone from Seoul.

Sephardi Sephardim Sephardis n
séfarade
a Jew of Iberian ancestry, whose native language was Ladino

Sephardic adj
séfarade
Of or relating to the Sephardi Jews.

Sept pn
sept.
.
A surname.

September /səpˈtɛmbə/ /səpˈtɛmbəɹ/ /sɛpˈtɛmbə/ /sɛpˈtɛmbəɹ/ Septembers pn
septembre
The ninth month of the Gregorian calendar, following August and preceding October. Abbreviations: Sep or Sep., Sept or Sept.

Septimania pn
Septimanie
(historical) The western region of the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (modern-day south France) that passed under the control of the Visigoths in 462, when it was ceded to their king, Theodoric II.

Septuagesima Septuagesimae n
Septuagésime
(Christianity) A Sunday in the Christian calendar nine weeks before Easter Sunday.

Septuagint /sɛpˈtju.ə.d͡ʒənt/ /sɛpˈtu.ə.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈsɛp.tjʊ.ə.d͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.tə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.t͡ʃə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.t͡ʃʊ.ə.d͡ʒɪnt/ /ˈsɛp.ʃə.wəˌd͡ʒɪnt/ Septuagints pn
Septante
An influential Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible produced in Alexandria in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC.

Seraphina pn
Séraphine
A en given name.

Serapis pn
Sérapis
A Graeco-Egyptian god devised during the 3rd century BC as a means to unify the Greeks and Egyptians in the realm of Ptolemy I.

Serb /ˈsɜːb/ /ˈsɝb/ Serbs n
Serbe
A person of Serb descent (not necessarily from Serbia). (Compare Serbian.)

Serbia /ˈsɜː.bi.ə/ /ˈsɝ.bi.ə/ pn
Serbie
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Serbia and Montenegro pn
Serbie-et-Monténégro
(historical) Former country on the Balkan Peninsula, formerly part of Yugoslavia. It disbanded in 2006.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ adj
serbe
Of, from, or pertaining to Serbia and Serbians.
Of or pertaining to Serbian language.

Serbian /ˈsɜː(ɹ)biːən/ Serbians n
serbe Serbe
(uncountable) The standardized variety of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs.
Serbe serbe
(historical) Serbo-Croatian in general, as spoken in Serbia.

Serbianization n
serbisation

Serbo-Croatian /ˌsɜː(ɹ)bəʊkɹəʊˈeɪʃən/ more Serbo-Croatian most Serbo-Croatian adj
serbo-croate
In or pertaining to the Serbo-Croatian language.

Serbo-Croatian /ˌsɜː(ɹ)bəʊkɹəʊˈeɪʃən/ pn
serbo-croate
The South Slavic language of which Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian are literary standards.

Serbophile more Serbophile most Serbophile adj
Serbophile
Loving Serbia, the Serbian people, or Serbian culture.

Serbophile Serbophiles n
Serbophile
One who loves Serbia, the Serbian people, or Serbian culture.

Serbophilia n
serbophilie

Serbophobia n
serbophobie

Sercquiais /ˈsɛə(ɹ).ki.jeɪ/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ).ki.jeɪ/ pn
normand de Sercq sercquiais
A language spoken on Sark, one of the Channel Islands.

Serei Saophoan pn
Sisophon
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Sergey pn
Sergueï
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Серге́й (Sergéj).

Sergipe /sɜː(ɹ)ˈʒiːpi/ pn
Sergipe
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Sergius pn
Serge
A en given name.

Sermon on the Mount pn
Sermon sur la montagne
A well-known public discourse given by Jesus in the first year of his ministry, around 30 C.E..

Serpens /ˈsɚpənz/ pn
Serpent
(constellation) A large summer constellation of the northern sky said to resemble a snake. It is the only constellation consisting of two parts (Serpens Caput and Serpens Cauda) separated by the constellation Ophiuchus, representing the snake handler Asclepius.

Serpukhovian pn
Serpukhovien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Serravallian pn
Serravallien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Miocene epoch.

Sesame Street pn
1, rue Sésame
A television show for children on PBS, associated with politically correct educational content.

Set /ˈsɛt/ pn
Seth
(Egyptian mythology) An ancient Egyptian god, variously described as the god of chaos, the god of thunder and storms, or the god of destruction.

Seth /sɛθ/ pn
Seth
The third son of Adam and Eve.

Sevastopol /səˈvæstəpoʊl/ /ˌsɛvəˈstoʊpəl/ pn
Sébastopol
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Seven Sages pn
Sept sages
(historical) Seven Ancient Greek men renowned for their wisdom: Thales, Solon, Periander, Cleobulus, Chilon, Bias, and Pittacus.

Seventh-day Adventist Seventh-day Adventists n
adventiste du septième jour
(Christianity) A member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.

Seventy pn
Septante
The translators of the Septuagint

Severn /ˈsev.ən/ /ˈsɛv.ə(ɹ)n/ /ˈsɛv.ɚn/ pn
Severn
A number of other rivers in Australia, New Zealand and the United States.

Seversky Donets pn
Severski Donets

Severus pn
Sévère
An ancient Roman cognomen, notably that of Septimius Severus.

Seville /səˈvɪl/ pn
Séville
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A surname.
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Sevillian adj
sévillan
Of or pertaining to Seville, city in Spain.

Sevillian Sevillians n
Sévillan Sévillane
Someone from Seville.

Sexagesima n
Sexagésime
(Christianity) In the Christian calendar the Sunday two weeks before Lent, eight before Easter Sunday.

Sextans pn
Sextant
(constellation) A dim spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a sextant. It lies south of the constellation of Leo.

Seychellean adj
seychellois
Of or pertaining to the Seychelles.

Seychellean Seychelleans n
Seychellois Seychelloise
A native or inhabitant of Seychelles.

Seychelles /seɪˈʃɛl/ /seɪˈʃɛlz/ /ˈseɪʃɛl/ /ˈseɪʃɛlz/ pn
Seychelles
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Seychellois adj
seychellois
From, or pertaining to, Seychelles.

Seychellois Seychellois n
Seychellois Seychelloise
Someone from the Seychelles, or of Seychellois descent.

Seysses Seysseses pn
Seysses
A surname from French.

Sha'ban Sha'bans pn
chaabane
The eighth month of the Islamic calendar.

Shadow Cabinet Shadow Cabinets n
cabinet fantôme
A senior group of opposition politicians who shadow the members of the government.

Shaitan pn
chétane
(Islam) Iblis, Satan.

Shaivism pn
shivaïsme
A sect comprising the worshippers of the god Shiva.

Shakespeare /ˈʃeɪkspɪə/ /ˈʃeɪkspɪɹ/ pn
Shakespeare
William Shakespeare, an English playwright and poet of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries

Shakespearean /ʃeɪkˈspɪəɹi.ən/ /ʃeɪkˈspɪɹi.ən/ more Shakespearean most Shakespearean adj
shakespearien
(literature) Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of William Shakespeare (an English playwright), his works, or his authorship, or the time in which he lived.

Shakespearean sonnet Shakespearean sonnets n
sonnet anglais sonnet shakespearien
(poetry) A sonnet comprising three quatrains and a final couplet, in iambic pentameter with the rhyme scheme of abab cdcd efef gg.

Shambhala pn
Shambhala
A mythical, mystic sacred realm in Tibetan Buddhism.

Shan /ʃæn/ /ʃɑn/ Shan Shans n
Shans
A member of a people living primarily in the Shan State of Myanmar (also known as Burma), and in adjacent areas of China, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam, with about 6 million people.

Shan /ʃæn/ /ʃɑn/ pn
shan
The language of this people, of the Kra-Dai language family.

Shanghai /ʃæŋˈhaɪ/ /ʃɑŋˈhaɪ/ /ˈʃæŋ.haɪ/ pn
Shanghaï Shanghai
A major international port including the eastern coast of Shanghai Municipality and the northeastern islands of Zhejiang Province.

Shanghai French Concession pn
concession française de Shanghai

Shanghainese Shanghainese n
Shanghaïais Shanghaïaise Shanghaïen Shanghaïenne
Inhabitant of Shanghai; person of Shanghainese descent.

Shanghainese pn
shanghaïen
A dialect of Wu spoken predominantly in Shanghai.

Shantou pn
Shantou
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Shaoxing /ʃaʊˈʃɪŋ/ pn
Shaoxing
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Sharon /ˈʃæɹən/ pn
Sharon
A en given name derived from the biblical place name.
A en given name derived from the biblical place name.

Shaughnessy Shaughnessies Shaughnessyes Shaughnessys pn
Shaughnessy

Shaughnessy Village pn
Village Shaughnessy

Shavuot /ʃævuˈɒt/ /ʃɑvuˈoʊt/ /ʃəˈvuːəs/ pn
Chavouot
A Jewish holiday that occurs in the spring, a harvest festival, also commemorating the anniversary of the giving of the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Israelites at Mount Sinai.

Shawinigan /ʃə.ˈwɪn.ɪ.ɡən/ pn
Shawinigan

Shebekino pn
Chebekino
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Sheffielder Sheffielders n
Sheffieldien Sheffieldois

Sheinwoodian pn
Sheinwoodien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Silurian period.

Shekhawati pn
shekhawati
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Shekkacho pn
shakacho
A regional language of Ethiopia with approximately 70,000 speakers.

Shem pn
Sem
(biblical character) The oldest son of Noah, brother to Ham and Japheth.

Shemu pn
Chémou

Shennongjia pn
Shennongjia
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Shenyang /ʃɛnˈjæŋ/ pn
Shenyang
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Shepherd Shepherds pn
Pasteur
An English surname originating as an occupation.

Sherbrooke /ˈʃɝ.bɹʊk/ pn
Sherbrooke
A placename
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A surname.

Sherbrookian more Sherbrookian most Sherbrookian adj
sherbrookois
Pertaining to Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.

Sherbrookian Sherbrookians n
Sherbrookois Sherbrookoise
An inhabitant or native of Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada

Sheremetyevo pn
Cheremetievo
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Sherifian adj
chérifien
Relating to noble or important political Islamic people, especially to rulers of Morocco

Sherlockian more Sherlockian most Sherlockian adj
sherlockien
Of or pertaining to Sherlock Holmes or his investigations, methods, or sayings.

Sherlockian Sherlockians n
sherlockien
A Sherlock Holmes scholar or fan; one who studies and/or appreciates the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

Sherman necktie /ˈʃɜːmən ˈnɛktaɪ/ /ˈʃɝmən ˈnɛktaɪ/ Sherman neckties n
cravate de Sherman
(US, rail transport, historical, chiefly, in the plural) A segment of rail that has been heated and twisted into a loop, as a means of destroying a railway.

Sherwood Forest /ˈʃɜːwʊd ˈfɒɹɪst/ /ˈʃɝwʊd ˈfɔɹɪst/ pn
forêt de Sherwood
A country park in Nottinghamshire, England.

Shetland Islands pn
Shetland
A group of islands of Scotland, roughly north-east of the Orkney Islands.

Shevchuk Shevchuks pn
Chevtchouk
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Шевчу́к (Ševčúk).

Shi'a /ˈʃiːə/ pn
chiisme
(with article, collective) The followers of this branch of Islam; the Shiites.

Shi'ism /ˈʃiːɪz(ə)m/ n
chiisme
The religion of Shi'i Muslims.

Shiba Inu /ˌʃiːbə ˈiːnuː/ n
shiba
A dog of a small, agile Japanese breed originally used for hunting.

Shida Kartli pn
Kartlie intérieure
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Shih Tzu /ˈʃiːtsuː/ /ˈʃɪtzuː/ Shih Tzu Shih Tzus n
shih tzu
A small dog breed which originated in China; a dog of that breed.

Shiite /ˈʃiːaɪt/ adj
chiite
Of or relating to the Shi'a.

Shiite /ˈʃiːaɪt/ Shiites n
chiite
A member of the Shi'a.

Shimose powder n
poudre Shimosa
A picric acid-based explosive.

Shinto /ˈʃɪn.toʊ/ /ˈʃɪn.təʊ/ pn
shinto shintoïsme
Formerly the state religion of Japan, a type of animism involving the worship of ancestors and nature spirits.

Shiraz /ʃɪˈɹɑːz/ Shirazes n
syrah
A variety of black grape used to make wine

Shiraz /ʃɪˈɹɑːz/ pn
Chiraz
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Shoni pn
Shoni

Shor pn
shor
The language spoken by this people.

Shoshone /ʃoʊˈʃoʊni/ pn
Shoshones
An Amerindian ethnic group of North America, especially of Wyoming and Idaho.

Shostakovich pn
Chostakovitch
A transliteration of the Russian surname Шостако́вич (Šostakóvič).

Shota pn
Chota
A male given name of Georgian origin.

Shrove Tuesday Shrove Tuesdays n
mardi gras
The day before the beginning of Lent on Ash Wednesday.

Shulgin /ˈʃʌlɡɪn/ Shulgins pn
Choulguine
A surname from Russian.

Shumen pn
Choumen
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Shumsk pn
Choumsk

Shusha pn
Chouchi
A town in the Nagorno-Karabakh region.

Siam /saɪˈæm/ pn
Siam
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Siamese more Siamese most Siamese adj
siamois
Of, or relating to Siam; Thai.

Siamese Siamese Siameses n
Siamois Siamoise
(historical, plural "Siamese" or "Siameses") An inhabitant of Siam.

Siamese cat Siamese cats n
chat siamois siamois
A short-haired breed of domestic cat having blue eyes and pointed coat pattern, that is, a pale body and dark extremities.

Siamese fighting fish Siamese fighting fish Siamese fighting fishes n
combattant
A freshwater fish, Betta splendens.

Siamese twin Siamese twins n
frère siamois sœur siamoise
A conjoined twin; one of two people physically joined together.

Siberia [saɪˈbɪəɹɪə] [saɪˈbɪɹiə] pn
Sibérie
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Siberian [saɪˈbɪəɹɪən] [saɪˈbɪɹiən] adj
sibérien
Of or relating to Siberia.

Siberian [saɪˈbɪəɹɪən] [saɪˈbɪɹiən] Siberians n
Sibérien Sibérienne
(ethnology) A person from Siberia.
sibérien
A long-haired domestic cat breed.

Siberian Husky Siberian Huskies n
husky de Sibérie husky sibérien
(zoology) A medium-sized spitz breed of dog originally used for herding reindeer and pulling sleighs.

Siberian accentor Siberian accentors n
accenteur montanelle
Prunella montanella, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae.

Siberian crane Siberian cranes n
grue de Sibérie
(ornithology) A large white crane, Grus leucogeranus, which breeds in Arctic Russia and western Siberia.

Siberian elm Siberian elms n
orme de Sibérie
A medium-sized bushy tree, of species Ulmus pumila, native to northern and eastern Asia, naturalized in most of North America.

Siberian grouse Siberian grouses n
tétras de Sibérie
A medium-sized grouse, Falcipennis falcipennis.

Siberian jay Siberian jays n
mésangeai imitateur
A jay widespread in northern Eurasia, Perisoreus infaustus

Siberian rubythroat Siberian rubythroats n
rossignol calliope
Calliope calliope, a flycatcher breeding in western Siberia and overwinters in South Asia.

Siberian stonechat Siberian stonechats n
tarier de Sibérie
Saxicola maurus, an Old World flycatcher.

Siberian thrush Siberian thrushes n
grive de Sibérie
A species of solitary thrush native to Siberia, Geokichla sibirica.

Siberian tiger Siberian tigers n
tigre de Sibérie tigre de l'Amour
A tiger of a specific Panthera tigris tigris population, now confined to Outer Manchuria in Russia.

Siberian weasel Siberian weasels n
vison de Sibérie
A rust-colored weasel, Mustela sibirica, used for its fur.

Sichuan /ˈsɛt͡ʃ.wɑn/ /ˈsɛʃ.wɑn/ /ˈsɪt͡ʃ.wɑn/ pn
Sichuan
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Sichuanese pn
sichuanais
The variety of Mandarin spoken in Sichuan.

Sicilian adj
sicilien
Of or relating to Sicily or its inhabitants.

Sicilian Sicilians n
Sicilien Sicilienne
A native of Sicily.
Any chess opening that starts 1 e4 c5.

Sicilian pn
sicilien
The language of Sicily.

Sicilian Defence pn
défense sicilienne
A chess opening characterized by the moves 1.e4 c5, in which both the white king's pawn and the black king's bishop's pawn advance two squares as the first moves.

Sicilian Vespers pn
Vêpres siciliennes
A rebellion on the island of Sicily, against the rule of Charles I of Anjou, that began at Easter, 1282.

Sicily /ˈsɪsɪli/ Sicilies pn
Sicile
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of Sicily, a former kingdom controlling the island and some of southern Italy in the medieval and early modern period
(historical) Synonym of Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, a former kingdom controlling the island and most of southern Italy in the 19th century

Sidon pn
Sidon
(chiefly, historical) , TemplateParserError:LuaError, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Sidonia pn
Sidonie
A en given name

Siena /siˈɛnə/ pn
Sienne
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The capital city of Siena.

Sienese more Sienese most Sienese adj
siennois
Of or pertaining to Siena in central Italy, or its school of painting in the 13th and 14th centuries.

Sienese Sienese n
Siennois Siennoise
Native or inhabitant of Siena in Tuscany, Italy.

Sierpinski triangle Sierpinski triangles n
triangle de Sierpiński
A fractal consisting of three copies of itself, shrunk to half size, arranged in a triangular shape without rotating.

Sierra Leone /siˌɛɹə liˈoʊn/ pn
Sierra Leone
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Sierra Leonean more Sierra Leonean most Sierra Leonean adj
sierra-léonais sierra-léonaise sierra-léonien sierra-léonienne sierraléonais sierraléonaise
From or of Sierra Leone.

Sierra Leonean Sierra Leoneans n
Sierra-Léonais Sierra-Léonaise Sierra-Léonien Sierra-Léonienne Sierraléonais Sierraléonaise
A native or inhabitant of Sierra Leone.

Sierre pn
Sierre
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Sieyèsian more Sieyèsian most Sieyèsian adj
sieyèsien

Sihanoukville pn
Sihanoukville
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Sikh /siːk/ /sɪk/ more Sikh most Sikh adj
sikh
of, or relating to the Sikhs or to Sikhism.

Sikh /siːk/ /sɪk/ Sikhs n
sikh
An adherent of Sikhism.

Sikh Empire pn
Empire sikh
An Indian empire that ruled over the Punjab region from 1799 CE to 1849 CE.

Sikhism /ˈsiːkɪzm̩/ /ˈsɪk-/ pn
sikhisme
A revealed, monotheistic religion originating in northern India, in the 16th century, through Guru Nanak and his successors.

Silesia /saɪˈliʒə/ /saɪˈliːziə/ /saɪˈliːʃə/ pn
Silésie
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Silesian /saɪˈliːzi.ən/ adj
silésien
Of or pertaining to Silesia.

Silesian Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Silésie
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Silicon Valley pn
Silicon Valley Vallée du Silicium
(informal) Originally, the region of the San Francisco Bay Area in which there are a high number of industries producing silicon chips; later extended to mean the entire concentration of high-tech businesses in this area.

Silk Road pn
route de la soie
(historical) An extensive interconnected network of trade routes across Asia, North and Northeast Africa, and Europe, historically used by silk traders.

Silla pn
Silla
One of the Three Kingdoms of ancient Korea, which existed from 57 BCE to 935 C.E..

Silvanus /sɪlˈveɪnəs/ pn
Silvain
(biblical character) A companion of Paul, also called Silas.
Sylvain
A en given name, more often spelled Sylvanus, but never popular in either form.

Silvia /ˈsɪlvi.ə/ pn
Sylvie
A en given name.

Silvius pn
Sylve
A en given name, of mostly historical use in English.

Simbirsk pn
Simbirsk
(historical) Former name of Ulyanovsk (till 1924), the birthplace of Vladimir Lenin (born Vladimir Ulyanov).

Simferopol /sɪmfəˈɹɒ.pəl/ /ˌsɪmfəˈɹoʊpəl/ pn
Simferopol
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Simon /ˈsaɪmən/ Simons pn
Simon
Name of any of a number of men in the New Testament, notably the original name of Apostle Peter.
A en given name.
A surname originating as a patronymic.

Simon says n
Jacques a dit
(games) A children's game where players must carry out only those commands that are preceded by the utterance "Simon says".

Simone /səˈməʊn/ pn
Simone
A en given name.

Simoneau Simoneaus pn
Simoneau

Simoneaux pn
Simoneaux

Simonet Simonets pn
Simonet

Simplified Chinese pn
caractère chinois simplifié caractère simplifié chinois simplifié sinogramme simplifié
Chinese written using the forms of Chinese characters introduced by the PRC as script reform. The characters are simplified (with a reduced number of strokes, etc.) compared to their pre-reform shapes.

Simran pn
Simran
A en given name.

Sinai /ˈsaɪˌnaɪ/ /ˈsiˌnaɪ/ pn
Sinaï
TemplateParserError:LuaError, bordering Asia.
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the location where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments from God.

Sinai Peninsula pn
péninsule du Sinaï
TemplateParserError:LuaError, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

Sinbad pn
Sinbad
(fiction) A fictional sailor, the hero of a story-cycle of Middle Eastern origin, who encountered monsters and magic while travelling the seas east of Africa and south of Asia.

Sindh /sɪnd/ /sɪnd̪ʱ/ pn
Sind
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Sindhi /ˈsɪndi/ /ˈsɪnd̪ʱi/ adj
sindhi
Of or pertaining to Sindh, the Sindhi language or the Sindhi people.

Sindhi /ˈsɪndi/ /ˈsɪnd̪ʱi/ pn
sindhi
An Indo-Aryan language spoken in four main dialects in Pakistan and India. There are around 35 million Sindhi speakers in Sindh سنڌ and more than 40 million throughout the world. Sindhi is written with a modified Arabic script that has 52 letters, and in a modified Devanagari script too.

Sinemurian n
Sinémurien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Jurassic period.

Singapore /sɪŋəˈpɔː/ /sɪŋɡəˈpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋə-/ /ˈsɪŋəpoɹ/ /ˈsɪŋəpɔː/ /ˈsɪŋɡəpɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪŋʌpɔː/ [-ɔː˦˧] [ˈsɪŋ˧.a˧.pɔ˦] pn
Singapour
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Singapore dollar Singapore dollars n
dollar de Singapour
The official currency of Singapore.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ adj
singapourien
Of, from, or pertaining to Singapore or its people or language.

Singaporean /ˌsɪŋ(ɡ)əˈpɔːɹi.ən/ Singaporeans n
Singapourien Singapourienne
A person from Singapore or of Singaporean descent.

Singlish n
singlish
(Singapore, linguistics) A highly colloquial or basilectal variety of Singapore English incorporating much Hokkien and Malay lexis.

Singularitarianism pn
singularitarisme

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ more Sinhalese most Sinhalese adj
cinghalais
Of or pertaining to the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka, their Indo-Aryan language, or their culture.

Sinhalese /sɪnhəˈliːz/ /sɪnəˈliːz/ Sinhalese n
Ceylanais Ceylanaise Cingalais Cingalaise Cinghalais Cinghalaise
(countable) A Sinhalese person: a member of the majority ethnic group of Sri Lanka.
cinghalais
(uncountable) The Indo-Aryan language of the Sinhalese people.

Sinitic /saɪˈnɪtɪk/ /sɪˈnɪtɪk/ more Sinitic most Sinitic adj
chinois sinitique
Of or pertaining to China or the Chinese peoples

Sino- /ˈsaɪnoʊ/ /ˈsaɪnəʊ/ /ˈsɪnoʊ/ /ˈsɪnəʊ/ prefix
sino-
A combining form relating to China or the Chinese, in those terms' various senses.

Sino-Korean adj
sino-coréen
Of or pertaining both to China and to Korea; being both Chinese and Korean.
(specifically, linguistics, of a Korean word) Etymologically borrowed or otherwise derived from an eighth-century dialect of Middle Chinese which greatly influenced the Korean language.

Sino-Korean n
sino-coréen
The elements in the Korean language derived from the said dialect of Middle Chinese:

Sino-Tibetan /ˌsaɪnəʊtɪˈbɛtən/ /ˌsɪnəʊtɪˈbɛtən/ adj
sinotibétain
Of, or relating to, both China and Tibet

Sino-Vietnamese adj
sino-vietnamien
Pertaining to the Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

Sino-Vietnamese Sino-Vietnameses n
sino-vietnamien
The Chinese-derived elements in the Vietnamese language.

Sino-Xenic adj
sinoxénique
(linguistics) Related to pronunciations for reading Chinese in Japan, Korea and Vietnam, originating in medieval times and the source of large-scale borrowings of Chinese words into Japonic, Koreanic and Vietnamese languages, none of which are genetically related to Chinese (excluding Sinitic topolects).

Sinocentrism /ˌsaɪnoʊˈsɛntɹɪzəm/ /ˌsaɪnəʊˈsɛntɹɪzəm/ /ˌsɪ-/ n
sinocentrisme
(historical) The belief, held by the ancient Chinese, that China was literally the centre of the world.

Sinophile Sinophiles n
sinophile
A person who loves the country, culture, or people of China.

Sinophobia /ˌsaɪnəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˌsaɪnəˈfəʊbi.ə/ n
sinophobie
Fear or dislike of Chinese-made goods.

Sinophone adj
sinophone
Speaking one or more Sinitic or Chinese language(s), Chinese-speaking

Sinophone Sinophones n
sinophone
a person who speaks one or more of the Sinitic or Chinese language(s) either natively or by adoption, a Chinese-speaking person.

Sinosphere n
sinosphère
Countries and regions in East Asia that have been historically influenced by the culture of China.

Sint Maarten pn
Saint-Martin
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Sinto Sinti n
Sinto
A member (especially male) of a Romani people found in Germany and surrounding areas.

Sion pn
Sion
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Sioux /suː/ pn
Sioux
Various formerly nomadic Native American tribes of the North American Great Plains.
A member of the Sioux tribe.
sioux
The group of languages spoken by the Sioux.

Siraya /səˈɹaɪ.ə/ pn
siraya
The Formosan language of the Siraya people

Sirius /ˈsɪɹi.əs/ pn
Sirius

Sisyphean /ˌsɪsəˈfiːən/ adj
sisyphien sisyphéen
Incessant or incessantly recurring, but futile.

Sisyphus /ˈsɪsɪfəs/ pn
Sisyphe
(Greek mythology) Son of Aeolus and Enarete, and king of Ephyra, as tragic figure doomed eternally to roll a boulder up a hill in Tartarus, a part of Hades.

Sitka spruce Sitka spruces n
épicéa de Sitka épinette de Sitka
Picea sitchensis, a very large coniferous evergreen tree.

Six Nations pn
Six Nations
(Europe, rugby union) Ellipsis of Six Nations Championship. (an annual rugby union tournament between the nations of Italy, France, England, Wales, Ireland and Scotland, the successor to the Five Nations tournament.)

Six Nations of the Grand River pn
Réserve des Six Nations

Skopjan Skopjans n
Skopiote
Someone from Skopje in North Macedonia.

Skopje /ˈskɔpjɛ/ pn
Skopje Skoplje
(by extension) North Macedonia, especially in the Greek media.

Skye pn
Skye
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A en given name, or a fanciful spelling of the word sky.

Slav /slæv/ /slɑːv/ Slavi Slavs n
Slave
A member of any of the peoples of Europe who speak the Slavic languages.

Slave River pn
Rivière des Esclaves
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Slavey /ˈsleɪvi/ pn
Esclave
An Athabascan First Nations people indigenous to the region near the Great Slave Lake in western Canada
esclave
A language spoken by the Slavey peoples.

Slavic /ˈslævɪk/ /ˈslɑːvɪk/ more Slavic most Slavic adj
slave slavon
Of the Slavs, their culture or the branch of the Indo-European languages associated with them.

Slavic studies n
slavistique
(humanities, US) A field of academic study concerned with Slavic areas, Slavic languages, literature, history, and culture.

Slavicize v
slaviser

Slavism /ˈslɑːvɪzm/ Slavisms n
slavisme
(countable) A linguistic feature of one or more Slavic languages, especially a Slavic idiom or phrasing that appears in a non-Slavic language.

Slavist Slavists n
slaviste
A specialist in the Slavic languages, literature or culture.

Slavo- prefix
slavo-
Slavic

Slavonia pn
Slavonie
In early modern times: Kingdom of Slavonia, covering north-eastern parts of modern Croatia and region of Syrmia in modern Serbia.

Slavonic /slə.ˈvɒ.nɪk/ adj
slavon
Of, denoting, or relating to Slavonia and its inhabitants.

Slavonic /slə.ˈvɒ.nɪk/ pn
esclavon paléoslave slavon vieux slave
(dated) The unrecorded ancient language from which all of these languages developed.

Slavophile Slavophiles n
slavophile
A person who is interested in the development and prosperity of the Slavic race.

Slavophilia n
slavophilie slavophilisme
Ideological commitment to maintaining traditional Slavic culture and values and resisting non-Slavic influences (as first formulated in 19th-century imperial Russia).

Sleeping Beauty Sleeping Beauties pn
La Belle au bois dormant
A fairy tale originally titled La Belle au bois dormant by Charles Perrault.
Belle au bois dormant La Belle au bois dormant
The main character in this story, who is in unbroken slumber under a magical spell, awaiting the kiss of a prince.

Slinky Slinkies Slinkys n
Ondamania Slinky
A toy in the form of a loose metal (originally) or plastic spring that can be made to "walk" down stairs as its coils separate and close up.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ [ˈslɑvək] adj
slovaque Slovaque
Of, from, or pertaining to Slovakia, the Slovak people or the Slovak language.

Slovak /sləˈvæk/ /sləˈvɑːk/ /ˈsloʊvæk/ /ˈsloʊvɑːk/ [ˈslɑvək] Slovaks n
Slovaque slovaque
(countable) A person from Slovakia or of Slovak descent.
slovaque
(uncountable) The Slavic language of Slovakia.

Slovak Cuvac n
tchouvatch slovaque
A livestock guardian dog bred in Slovakia.

Slovak Republic pn
République slovaque
The official name of Slovakia.

Slovakia /sloʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sloʊˈvɑ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvæ.ki.ə/ /sləʊˈvɑː.ki.ə/ pn
Slovaquie
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Slovakophone adj
slovacophone
Slovak-speaking.

Slovakophone Slovakophones n
slovacophone
A speaker of Slovak.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ adj
slovène
Of or pertaining to Slovenia, the Slovenes or the Slovene language.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ Slovenes n
Slovène
A person from Slovenia.

Slovene /sləˈviːn/ /ˈsləʊviːn/ pn
slovène
The official language of Slovenia.

Slovenia /sloʊˈvi.ni.ə/ /sloʊˈvin.jə/ /sləʊˈviː.ni.ə/ /sləʊˈviːn.jə/ pn
Slovénie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Part of Yugoslavia until 1991.

Sloviansk pn
Slaviansk Sloviansk
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Slovincian /slə(ʊ)ˈvɪnsɪ.ən/ /slə(ʊ)ˈvɪnʃən/ pn
slovince
The extinct language of the Slovincians.

Slovio /ˈsloʊ̯vioʊ̯/ pn
slovio
An artificial language based on the Slavic languages and written in either the Latin or Cyrillic script, intended to be readily understandable by speakers of any modern Slavic language.

Slytherin /ˈslɪðəɹɪn/ Slytherins n
Serpentard
A person having traits associated with Slytherin house from the Harry Potter series, including ambition, cunning, or an affinity for snakes or the colours green and silver.

Smith /smɪθ/ Smiths pn
Lefebvre Lefèvre Lefébure
TemplateParserError:LuaError, flowing from the Klamath Mountains into the Pacific.

Smoke pn
Fumée
The 44th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.

Smolensk pn
Smolensk
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Smurfette principle n
syndrome de la Schtroumpfette
The practice in fiction, such as in film and television series, of including only one woman in an otherwise male ensemble.

Smyrna /ˈzmɪɚnɑː/ pn
Smyrne
(chiefly, historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError founded in circa the 11th century BC on the site of the present-day Turkish city of İzmir.

Snake Island pn
île des Serpents
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Snares penguin Snares penguins n
gorfou des Snares
A species of crested penguin, Eudyptes robustus, which breed on The Snares, an island group off South Island, New Zealand.

Snell's law /snɛlz lɔ/ n
loi de Snell-Descartes de la réfraction
(optics) the law that, for a ray incident on the interface of two media, the sine of the angle of incidence times the index of the refraction of the first medium is equal to the sine of the angle of refraction times the index of refraction of the second medium

Snoopy pn
Snoopy
Charlie Brown's pet beagle in the comic strip Peanuts, by Charles M. Schulz; often representing doggish soulfulness.

Snow Queen pn
Reine des neiges
A female fairy tale character with magical power over snow and ice.

Snow White /snoʊ (h)waɪt/ /snəʊ waɪt/ Snow Whites pn
Blanche-Neige
A fictional character in the fairy tale Snow-White and Rose-Red, from Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot collected by the Brothers Grimm.

Sobek pn
Sobek

Sochi /ˈsoʊt͡ʃi/ /ˈsɒt͡ʃi/ pn
Sotchi
A city in the Krasnodar kray (krai) of Russia, host of the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia pn
République fédérative socialiste de Yougoslavie
The Yugoslav state that existed from 1943 until 1992 (abbreviation SFRY).

Socialist Republic of Vietnam pn
République socialiste du Viêt Nam
Official name of Vietnam.

Society of Jesus pn
Compagnie de Jésus
An order of Roman Catholic clergy, the Jesuits, having a tradition of education, theological scholarship, and missionary work; formed during the 16th century.

Socinian /soʊˈsɪn.iː.ən/ adj
socinien
Pertaining to the Socinians.

Socinian /soʊˈsɪn.iː.ən/ Socinians n
socinien socinienne
A member of a particular nontrinitarian Christian denomination founded in the late 16th century.

Socrates /ˈsɑkɹətiz/ /ˈsɒkɹətiːz/ pn
Socrate
A en given name of mostly historical use, known after a Greek philosopher.

Socratic more Socratic most Socratic adj
socratique
Of or characteristic of the philosopher Socrates or his philosophical methods and/or views.

Socratic irony Socratic ironies n
ironie socratique
The practice or act of asking someone a question, as though ignorant of the answer, in order to show a flaw in their argument.

Socratic method pn
maïeutique

Socred Socreds n
créditiste
(Canadian politics) A member of the Social Credit Party.

Socreds pn
Ralliement créditiste créditiste
(Canadian politics, slang) Diminutive of Social Credit Party

Sod's law /sɒdz lɔ/ pn
loi de l'emmerdement maximum
(chiefly, UK) The principle that what can go wrong, will go wrong, usually with some observed degree of irony

Sodom /ˈsɑ.dəm/ /ˈsɒ.dəm/ pn
Sodome
(biblical, Quranic) A city in the Middle East which, according to the Bible and Islamic tradition, but not specifically named in the Qur'an, was destroyed by God (along with Gomorrah) for the sins of its inhabitants.

Sofia /sɒˈfiːə/ /ˈsəʊfi.ə/ pn
Sofia
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Sofian Sofians n
Sofiote
Someone from Sofia.

Sogdiana pn
Sogdiane
An ancient Iranian-speaking civilization of what is today eastern Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan.

Solar System /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ pn
système solaire
(astronomy) The Sun and all the heavenly bodies that orbit around it, including the eight planets, their moons, the asteroids, and comets.

Solarian Solarians n
Solaire Solarien Solarienne
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of any part of the solar system of the Sun.

Soledar pn
Soledar
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Sologne /sə.ˈlɔɪn/ pn
Sologne
A natural region between the French departments of Loiret, Loir-et-Cher and Cher, in Centre-Val de Loire, France.

Solomon /ˈsɑləmən/ /ˈsɒləmən/ Solomons pn
Salomon Solayman
(Biblical character) In the Old Testament and Qur'an, a king of Israel famous for his wisdom; father of King Rehoboam and the son of King David.

Solomon Islands /ˈsɑ.lə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒl.ə.mən ˈaɪ.ləndz/ /ˈsɒləmən ˈaɪləndz/ pn
Îles Salomon Salomon
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Solomon's seal Solomon's seals n
sceau de Salomon
Any flowering plant of the genus Polygonatum, especially Polygonatuym multiflorum.

Solothurn pn
Soleure
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Solresol pn
Solresol
A minor constructed language whose phonemes are based upon the solfège.

Solutrean /səˈlu.tɹi.ən/ adj
solutréen
Of or pertaining to the Solutrean material culture or the Solutrean hypothesis.

Solutrean /səˈlu.tɹi.ən/ pn
Solutréen
One of the final stages of the Paleolithic.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ adj
somalien somali
Of, from, or pertaining to Somalia, the Somali people or language.

Somali /soʊˈmɑːli/ /səˈmɑːli/ Somalis n
somali somalien
(uncountable) A Cushitic language spoken mainly in Somalia and eastern Ethiopia.
Somalien Somalienne
(countable) A person from Somalia or of Somali descent.

Somalia /səˈmɑːliə/ pn
Somalie
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Somaliland pn
Somaliland
TemplateParserError:LuaError that comprises Somalia, Djibouti, and parts of Ethiopia.
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Son of God pn
Fils de Dieu

Son of Heaven pn
Fils du Ciel

Son of Man pn
Fils de l'homme
(Christianity) A Christian title of Jesus Christ, referring to his status as a celestial being who presides as an eschatological judge.

Sondrio pn
Sondrio
The capital of the province of Sondrio.

Song of Songs pn
Cantique de Cantiques Cantique de Solomon
(biblical) The twenty-second book of the Christian Old Testament and the seventeenth book of the Hebrew Bible.

Sonora Sonoras pn
la Sonore le Sonora
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Sonoran Desert pn
désert de Sonora
A desert which covers large parts of the southwestern United States in Arizona and California, and of Northwestern Mexico.

Sony /ˈsoʊni/ pn
Sony
(trademark) An international electronics and media company based in Tokyo, Japan.

Sonya pn
Sonia
A en given name.

Sooretama slaty antshrike Sooretama slaty antshrikes n
batara de Sooretama
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus ambiguus (syn. Thamnophilus naevius ambiguus).

Sophene /soʊˈfiːni/ pn
Sophène
(historical) Province of ancient Armenia and of the Roman Empire, located to the south-west of Greater Armenia. Independent kingdom from 3rd century B.C. until 90's B.C. Lies in modern-day southeastern Turkey.

Sophenian more Sophenian most Sophenian adj
sophénien

Sophenian Sophenians n
Sophénien Sophénienne

Sophia /soʊˈfi.ə/ /səˈfaɪə/ /səˈfiːə/ /ˈsəʊfi.ə/ pn
Sophie
A en given name, borne by an early Christian saint, and by European royalty.

Sophoclean /sɒfəˈkliːən/ more Sophoclean most Sophoclean adj
sophocléen
Of or pertaining to Sophocles or his works.

Sophocles /ˈsɑ.fɑ.kliːz/ /ˈsɒ.fək.kliːz/ pn
Sophocle
A Greek dramatic poet (ca. 497 BCE – 405 BCE); Sophocles was one of the three greatest Greek tragedians. In the Athenian dramatic competitions of the Festival of Dionysus, he won more first prizes (around 20) than any other playwright, and placed second in all others he participated in. He is best remembered for his Oedipus Cycle of plays.

Sorb Sorbs n
Sorabe
A member of a Slavic people living in Lusatia in eastern Germany.

Sorbian /ˈsɔːbi.ən/ /ˈsɔːɹbi.ən/ pn
sorabe
A group of Slavic languages spoken by a minority in eastern Germany.

Sorbon pn
Sorbon
A habitational surname from French, derived from the village.

Sorbonne pn
Sorbonne
A building in Paris that houses several universities and schools

Sorrento /səˈɹɛntoʊ/ /səˈɹɛntəʊ/ pn
Sorrente
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Soter adj
Sôter
(Ancient Greece) An honorific epithet for rulers, heroes, gods…

Sotho /ˈsutu/ pn
sesotho sotho du Sud
(specifically) (Southern Sotho).

Soulagean more Soulagean most Soulagean adj
soulagien soulagésien
Of or pertaining to, characteristic of, associated with, or suggestive of French abstract painter Pierre Soulages (born 1919), his works, or his authorship; especially of his use of the black color.

Sound pn
Sund Øresund
The strait that separates Zealand (an island of Denmark) from Scania (part of Sweden); also sometimes called by the Danish name, Øresund.

South Africa /ˌsaʊθ ˈæf.ɹɪ.kə/ [sɑɤ̯ˈθɛ̞frɘkə] pn
Afrique du Sud
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South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ adj
sud-africain
Of, from, or pertaining to South Africa, or the South African people.

South African /ˌsaʊθˈaf.ɹɪ.kən/ South Africans n
Sud-Africain Sud-Africaine
A person from South Africa or of South African descent.

South African English pn
anglais sud-africain
A dialect of English spoken in South Africa and in neighbouring countries.

South America /ˌsaʊθ əˈmɛɹɪkə/ pn
Amérique du Sud
The continent that is the southern part of the Americas. It is east of the Pacific Ocean, west of the Atlantic Ocean, south of North America and north of Antarctica.

South American adj
sud-américain sudaméricain
Of, or relating to South America.

South American South Americans n
sud-américain sud-américaine
A person from or living in South America.

South Asia pn
Asie du Sud
All the countries of the Indian subcontinent (principally India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Bhutan) and the Indian Ocean (principally Sri Lanka, Maldives)

South Asian adj
sud-asiatique
Of, or relating to South Asia.

South Asian South Asians n
Sud-Asiatique
A native or inhabitant of South Asia.

South Atlantic pn
océan Atlantique Sud
The portion of the Atlantic Ocean which lies south of the equator.

South Australia pn
Australie-Méridionale
(historical) Until 1901, the British colony that is now the state of South Australia.

South Carolina /ˌsaʊθ kæɹəˈlaɪnə/ /ˌsaʊθ kɛɹəˈlaɪnə/ pn
Caroline du Sud
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South Caucasus pn
Caucase du Sud Transcaucasie
A mountainous region in the easternmost part of Europe, lying between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, comprising republics of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. Also known as Transcaucasus.

South China Sea pn
mer de Chine méridionale Mer de Chine méridionale
The western arm of the Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland and Taiwan, Borneo and the Philippines.

South Chungcheong pn
Chungcheong du Sud
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South Dakota /ˈsaʊθ dəˈkoʊ.tə/ pn
Dakota du Sud
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South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands pn
Géorgie du Sud-et-les Îles Sandwich du Sud
TemplateParserError:LuaError. A territory of inhospitable islands, composed of the South Georgia island group, and the South Sandwich Islands chain.

South Gyeongsang pn
Gyeongsang du Sud
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South Holland pn
Hollande-Méridionale Hollande-du-Sud
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South India pn
Inde du Sud
The southern region of India, comprising the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry. These regions speak mainly Dravidian languages, and have distinct cuisine and culture.

South Indian more South Indian most South Indian adj
sud-indien

South Island pn
île du Sud
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South Korea pn
Corée du Sud
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South Korean adj
sud-coréen
Of, from, or pertaining to South Korea or the South Korean people.

South Korean South Koreans n
Sud-Coréen Sud-Coréenne
A citizen or resident of South Korea.

South Ossetia pn
Ossétie du Sud
A disputed region in the South Caucasus. Formally recognized as a part of Georgia by most countries, but de facto an independent country fully named Republic of South Ossetia, with capital city Tskhinvali.

South Pole /ˌsaʊθ ˈpoʊl/ /ˌsaʊθ ˈpəʊl/ pn
pôle Sud
(geography) The Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole; the point which south is oriented towards, and therefore the southernmost point on Earth (having a latitude of -90°).

South Sardinia pn
Sardaigne du Sud
Province in Sardinia, Italy.

South Sea pn
mer du Sud
(obsolete) The Pacific Ocean.
(obsolete) The Southern Ocean.

South Slavic adj
slave méridional
of or relating to this language family or to the South Slavs.

South Sudan pn
Sud-Soudan Soudan du Sud
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formerly the southern part of Sudan.

South Sudanese adj
sud-soudanais
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of South Sudan or the South Sudanese people.

South Sudanese South Sudanese n
Sud-Soudanais Sud-Soudanaise
A person from South Sudan or of South Sudanese descent.

South Tyrol pn
Haut-Adige Tyrol du sud
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South West Africa pn
Sud-Ouest africain
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError, which gained independence in 1990 and was renamed to Namibia.

South Yemen pn
Yémen du Sud
(historical) A former country in the Middle East from 1967 until 1990; full name People's Democratic Republic of Yemen.

South Yorkshire pn
Yorkshire du Sud

Southampton /saʊθˈhæmptən/ /saʊθˈæmptən/ pn
Southampton
a barony in the peerage of Great Britain

Southeast Asia pn
Asie du Sud-Est
TemplateParserError:LuaError, comprising the territories of Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar (Burma), the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Southeast Asian adj
sud-est-asiatique
Of or pertaining to Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asian Southeast Asians n
Sud-Est-Asiatique
A person from Southeast Asia.

Southern Africa pn
Afrique australe
The southern part of the continent of Africa.

Southern Bug pn
Boug méridional

Southern Cross /ˌsʌðə(ɹ)n ˈkɹɒs/ pn
Croix du Sud
(constellation) A distinctive winter constellation of the southern sky, shaped like a cross, which appears in the flags of several countries in Oceania.

Southern Europe pn
Europe du Sud
A sociopolitical region of Europe including such countries as Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece

Southern Hemisphere Southern Hemispheres n
hémisphère sud hémisphère austral
The hemisphere of the Earth (or any celestial body) to the south of its equator.

Southern Ndebele pn
ndébélé du Sud ndébélé du Transvaal

Southern Ocean pn
océan Antarctique océan Austral océan glacial Antarctique
The portion of the World Ocean surrounding Antarctica, variously taken as the waters south of the Antarctic Circle, the waters south of 60° S, or the waters bounded by the Antarctic Convergence.

Southern Rhodesia pn
Rhodésie du Sud
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Southern belle Southern belles n
belle de Sud
(US) A beautiful, archetypal (especially upper class) white woman of the Southern United States.

Southerner /ˈsʌðɛnəɹ/ /ˈsʌðᵊnə/ /ˈsʌðᵊnəɹ/ Southerners n
sudiste
(US) A resident of the American South, often specifically a white resident of the American South.

Southwest Asia pn
Asie du Sud-Ouest

Soviet more Soviet most Soviet adj
soviétique
(history, not comparable) Pertaining to the Soviet Union or its constituent republics.
Supporting or representing the Soviet Union or Sovietism; Sovietist.

Soviet Soviets n
Soviétique
A citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Soviet Russia pn
Russie soviétique
The unofficial term used for the former Russian Republic for a short period after its collapse - from 7 November 1917 (October Revolution) to 19 July 1918 (1st RSFSR Constitution) or to 30 December 1922 (Treaty on the Creation of the USSR). Also used to refer to the Soviet Union as a whole in the early stages.

Soviet Socialist Republic Soviet Socialist Republics pn
république socialiste soviétique
(historical, political subdivision) Any of the republics belonging to the former Soviet Union.

Soviet Union /ˈsoʊviət ˈjuːnjən/ /ˈsɒviət ˈjuːniən/ /ˈsəʊvɪət ˈjuːniən/ pn
Union soviétique Union Soviétique
Ellipsis of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
(informal) The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

Sovietization Sovietizations n
soviétisation
The act or process of Sovietizing.

Sovietize v
soviétiser
(transitive) To adapt to the sociopolitical standards of the Soviet Union.

Sovietologist Sovietologists n
soviétologue
A person who engages in Sovietology.

Sovietology n
soviétologie
The field of study of the Soviet Union.

Soyuz /ˈsɔɪjuːz/ /ˈsɔːjuːz/ Soyuzes n
Soyouz
Any of a series of Soviet, later Russian spacecraft.

Space Race pn
course à l'espace
The informal competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to launch unmanned satellites, send people into space and land them on the Moon.

Space Shuttle Space Shuttles n
navette spatiale
A space transportation system developed by NASA consisting of a reusable winged orbiter, a set of recoverable booster rockets, and a fuel tank.

Spain /speɪn/ /spæɪn/ pn
Espagne
An English ethnic surname transferred from the nickname for someone with Spanish ancestry.

Spaniard /ˈspæn.jəd/ /ˈspæn.jɚd/ Spaniards n
Espagnol Espagnole
A person from Spain or of Spanish descent.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ adj
espagnol espagnole
Of or pertaining to the people or culture of Spain.

Spanish /ˈspæn.ɪʃ/ Spanishes pn
espagnol castillan
(uncountable) A Romance language primarily spoken in Spain and in the Americas.

Spanish Armada pn
Invincible Armada
(historical) The fleet of warships sent by Philip II of Spain against England in 1588.

Spanish Netherlands pn
Pays-Bas espagnols
(plurale tantum, historical) The southern part of the Low Countries (Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg) during and after the Eighty Years' War, ruled by Spain and lasting from 1581 to 1713.

Spanish Road pn
chemin des Espagnols couloir sarde
(historical) A land route which was used from 1567–1620 for military supply and trade, and stretched from northern Italy to the Low Countries.

Spanish Sign Language pn
langue des signes espagnole
A language that uses hands, facial expressions, and other bodily behavior to communicate both concrete and abstract ideas.

Spanish Water Dog /ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔtɚ dɔɡ/ /ˌspænɪʃ ˈwɔːtə dɒɡ/ Spanish Water Dogs n
chien d'eau espagnol
A herding water dog originating in Spain.

Spanish chestnut Spanish chestnuts n
châtaignier commun châtain marron marronnier
The fruit of this tree.

Spanish fly Spanish flies n
cantharide
(uncountable) A supposed aphrodisiac extracted from the beetle Lytta vesicatoria; cantharidin, the active ingredient, a vesicant used as a defence by L. vesicatoria and other blister beetles.
(countable) The beetle Lytta vesicatoria.

Spanish jasmine Spanish jasmines n
jasmin d'Espagne
A species of jasmine, Jasminum grandiflorum, native to much of subtropical Asia and eastern Africa.

Spanish moss Spanish mosses n
barbe de vieillard fille de l'air mousse espagnole
A gray epiphyte that hangs down from trees, Tillandsia usneoides, native to the southeastern US and throughout humid tropical and subtropical parts of the Americas.

Spanish sparrow Spanish sparrows n
moineau espagnol
Passer hispaniolensis, a small passerine bird in the family Passeridae

Spanishness n
hispanité
The quality or state of being Spanish.

Sparta /ˈspɑː(ɹ)tə/ pn
Sparte
An ancient city-state in southern Greece, noted for its strict military training.

Spartacus /ˈspɑːtəkəs/ /ˈspɑːɹtəkəs/ pn
Spartacus
A Thracian name, notably borne by a gladiator who was one of the slave leaders in a major slave uprising against the Roman Republic.

Spartan more Spartan most Spartan adj
spartiate
Of or relating to Sparta or its citizens.

Spartan Spartans n
Spartiate
A citizen of Sparta; a native or inhabitant of Sparta.

Spavor Spavors pn
Spavor

Speaker Speakers n
président
(politics)

Special Region of Yogyakarta pn
territoire spéciale de Yogyakarta
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Spetsnaz n
spetsnaz
Special forces in Russia and other post-Soviet states.

Sphinx /ˈsfɪŋks/ Sphinges pn
Sphinx
(usually, with "the") An ancient, large statue in Egypt, with the face of a man and the body of a lion, lying near the Great Pyramids.
(Greek mythology) One of the many offspring of Typhon and Echidna, a winged lion-like creature with a woman's face, who committed suicide out of frustration after Oedipus managed to solve her riddles.

Sphynx /ˈsfɪŋks/ Sphynx Sphynxes n
Sphynx
A domestic cat of a breed with little or no hair, a narrow long head, and webbed feet.

Spider Woman pn
Mère Araignée
(Hopi religion) Synonym of Kókyangwúti

Spidey-sense /ˈspaɪdi ˌsɛn(t)s/ Spidey-senses n
sens d'araignée
(humorous) An intuitive feeling, usually of something being dangerous or risky; (more generally) instinct, intuition.

Spinozan more Spinozan most Spinozan adj
spinozien

Spinozism pn
spinozisme
(philosophy) The philosophical doctrine of Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) and his followers.

Spiritism pn
spiritisme
A philosophical doctrine, established in France in the mid nineteenth century, postulating that humans are essentially immortal spirits that temporarily inhabit physical bodies, and may have influence on the physical world.

Spirograph Spirographs n
Spirographe
A geometric drawing toy consisting of a set of plastic gears and toothed rings.

Spitsbergen /ˈspɪtsˌbɛə(ɹ)ɡən/ /ˈspɪtsˌbɜː(ɹ)ɡən/ pn
Spitzberg Spitsberg
The largest island of this archipelago.

Split /splɪt/ pn
Split
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Sporades pn
Sporades
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Sprachraum n
zone linguistique
(linguistics) Language area, language zone; geographical region where a language is spoken

Spratly Islands pn
Îles Spratleys îles des Spratleys
A group of islands, atolls, reefs, and cays in the South China Sea.

Spree /spɹeɪ/ /ʃpɹeɪ/ pn
Spree
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Springtime of Nations pn
Printemps des peuples Printemps des révolutions
(history, European history) A period, sometimes confounded with the Age of Revolution in Europe and/or the pre-March era (Vormärz) specifically in Germany; variously beginning in 1789 (the French Revolution) or (in Germany) either in 1815 (German Confederation) or 1830 (French July Revolution) and leading up to to the Revolutions of 1848.
Printemps des peuples
(history, ) A general term for similar revolutions in recent times; cf. Arab Spring

Spy Wednesday Spy Wednesdays n
mercredi de l’espion
(Ireland, Catholicism) Holy Wednesday

Spézet pn
Spézet
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Squamish /ˈskwɔːmɪʃ/ pn
squamish
The Salishan language of this people.

Sr. adj
père
A title used after a father's name when his son is given the same name.

Srebrenica /-ˈnɪtsə/ /ˌsɹɛbɹəˈniːtsə/ /ˌʃɹɛbɹəˈniːtsə/ pn
Srebrenica
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Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte pn
Sri Jayawardenapura
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Sri Lanka /sɹ/ /sɹiˈlæŋkə/ /sɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ /ʃɹ/ /ʃɹiˈlɑːŋkə/ pn
Sri Lanka
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Sri Lankan adj
sri-lankais
Of, from, or pertaining to Sri Lanka or to the Sri Lankan people

Sri Lankan Sri Lankans n
Sri-Lankais Sri-Lankaise
A person from Sri Lanka or of Sri Lankan descent.

St SS Sts n
St St. Ste Ste.
abbreviation of Saint

St George's Channel pn
canal Saint-Georges
The channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the southwest.

St John's wort /seɪnt ˈd͡ʒɑnz wɝt/ /sən(t) ˈd͡ʒɒnz wɜːt/ St John's worts n
millepertuis
Any of several plants, of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum, that have yellow flowers and traditionally ward off evil.

St. Bartholomew's Day massacre pn
massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy
(history) A massacre of French Huguenots in 1572 by a Roman Catholic mob.

St. Elmo's fire St. Elmo's fires n
feu de Saint-Elme
An electrical discharge, or corona, seen around pointed objects, caused by ionization of the atmosphere during storms.

St. Gallen pn
Saint-Gall
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St. George's Day pn
fête de Saint-Georges
The saint's day of Saint George, the patron saint of England, celebrated on April 23rd.

St. George's mushroom St. George's mushrooms n
mousseron tricholome de la Saint-Georges
An edible mushroom found in Europe, Calocybe gambosa.

St. John's /ˈseɪnt ˈd͡ʒɑnz/ pn
Saint-Jean Saint-Jean de Terre-Neuve
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St. Patrick's Day pn
fête de la Saint-Patrick
A Roman Catholic holiday commemorating Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland on 17th March.

St. Stephen's Day /sənt ˈstiːvənz deɪ/ St. Stephen's Days pn
Fête de la Saint-Étienne
(Christianity) A Christian holiday commemorating Saint Stephen the protomartyr (first Christian martyr; died 34 C.E.), falling immediately after Christmas Day (on December 26 in the Western Church and on December 27 in the Eastern Orthodox Church).

St. Vith /sæŋ ˈviːt/ /sæ̃ ˈviːt/ /zʌŋkt ˈfɪt/ pn
Saint-Vith
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St. Vitus' dance n
danse de Saint Guy

Stabiae pn
Stabies
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError near Pompeii, in Campania; now Castellammare di Stabia

Stableford Stablefords n
stableford
(golf) A scoring system in the sport of golf that involves scoring points based on the number of strokes taken at each hole; (by extension) a game played according to this system.

Stains pn
Stains
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Stakhanovism n
stakhanovisme
A system instituted in communist countries to encourage increased productivity.

Stakhanovite /stəˈkɑːnəvaɪt/ more Stakhanovite most Stakhanovite adj
stakhanoviste
Pertaining to a Stakhanovite; heroically hard-working.

Stakhanovite /stəˈkɑːnəvaɪt/ Stakhanovites n
stakhanoviste
(historical) An extremely productive or hard-working worker, especially in the former USSR, who may earn special rewards; a workaholic.

Stalin /ˈstɑː.lɪn/ pn
Staline
A surname from Russian; usually referring to the Russian [empire, republic] revolutionary and Soviet Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) Joseph Stalin.

Stalinism Stalinisms n
stalinisme
The Communist philosophies espoused by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin.

Stalinist more Stalinist most Stalinist adj
stalinien
Of, relating to, or resembling Joseph Stalin, a Bolshevik revolutionary.
Of or relating to Stalinism.

Stalinist Stalinists n
staliniste
A person who accepts the philosophy of Stalinism.

Standard Model pn
modèle standard
(particle physics) A theory about the electromagnetic, weak, and strong nuclear interactions that mediate the dynamics of the known subatomic particles.

Stanislaus /ˈstænɪslɔːs/ Stanislauses pn
Stanislas
A en given name.
A surname from the Slavic languages.

Star Trek pn
Star Trek
A popular sci-fi media franchise set in the future, primarily focusing on the adventures of the personnel of a space navy of an interstellar political federation of which Earth is a charter member.

Star Trekky more Star Trekky most Star Trekky adj
star-trekien
(informal) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the science fiction franchise Star Trek.

Star Wars [ˈstɑɹ ˈwɔɹz] [ˈstɑː(ɹ) ˈwɔː(ɹ)z] [ˈstɑ˞ ˈwɔɹz] pn
Guerre des étoiles Star Wars
An American epic space opera franchise centered on a film series created by George Lucas in a setting where futuristic technology co-exists with a semi-sentient form of magic/religion called the Force.
Guerre des étoiles Initiative de Défense stratégique
(informal, military) The United States Strategic Defense Initiative.

Star Wars Day [ˈstɑɹ ˈwɔɹz deɪ] [ˈstɑː(ɹ) ˈwɔː(ɹ)z deɪ] [ˈstɑ˞ ˈwɔɹz deɪ] pn
journée Star Wars
(fandom) A fan holiday celebrating the Star Wars franchise, on May 4th.

Star Warsy more Star Warsy most Star Warsy adj
star-warsien
(informal) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the science fiction franchise Star Wars.

Star of Bethlehem pn
étoile de Bethléem étoile de Noël
(Biblical) The bright star in the Gospel of Matthew that lead the "wise men from the East" to travel to Bethlehem.

Star of David Stars of David pn
étoile de David
A symbol of Jewish identity and Judaism, having the shape of a hexagram, the compound of two equilateral triangles.

Star-Spangled Banner /ˌstɑː(ɹ) ˌspæŋɡəld ˈbænə(ɹ)/ pn
bannière étoilée
A nickname for the national flag of the United States of America.

Stars and Stripes /ˈstɑɹz ən ˈstɹaɪps/ /ˈstɑːz ən ˈstɹaɪps/ n
bannière étoilée
The flag of the United States.

Start menu Start menus n
menu démarrer
(computing) A menu in some operating systems that is launched by pressing an on-screen button and provides a central launching point for applications and tasks.

State of Eritrea pn
État d'Érythrée
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State of Israel pn
État d'Israël État d’Israël
The official name of Israel.

State of Japan pn
État du Japon
(rare) under the Constitution of Japan (1947-)

State of Libya pn
État de Libye
The official name of Libya.

State of Palestine pn
État de Palestine
The country established in West Bank and Gaza Strip, including occupied Palestinian territories and those under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority.

State of Qatar pn
État du Qatar
official name of Qatar

State of the Union pn
le Discours sur l'état de l'Union
(US politics) The State of the Union address, an annual event in which a president of the United States reports the status of the country, normally to a joint session of the United States Congress.

States General /steɪts ˈdʒɛn(ə)ɹəl/ pn
états généraux
(historical) A similar assembly in pre-Revolutionary France. [from 16th c.]

Statue of Liberty pn
statue de la Liberté
A very large statue in New York harbor, representing the Roman goddess Libertas, and considered emblematic of the United States and its attractiveness to voluntary immigrants.

Stavanger pn
Stavanger
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Stella /ˈstɛlə/ pn
Estelle
A en given name.

Steller sea lion /ˈstɛlə siː ˈlaɪən/ Steller sea lions n
lion de mer de Steller
A species of sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, the largest of the eared seals.

Stendhalian /stɒ̃ˈdɑːlɪən/ /stɛnˈdɑli.ən/ /stɛ̃ˈdɑli.ən/ more Stendhalian most Stendhalian adj
stendhalien
Of, pertaining to, or in the style of French novelist Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842), known as Stendhal.

Stepanakert pn
Stepanakert
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Stephanie /ˈstɛfəni/ pn
Stéphanie
A en given name.

Stephen /ˈstiːfən/ /ˈstiːvən/ /ˈstɛfən/ pn
Étienne
The first Christian martyr.
Étienne Stéphane
A en given name.

Stesichorus pn
Stésichore
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek lyric poet from Himera in Sicily (640-555 BC).

Stevens-Johnson syndrome n
syndrome de Stevens-Johnson

Stewart /ˈst(j)uɚt/ /ˈstjuːət/ /ˈstʃuːət/ /ˈstʃʉːət/ Stewarts pn
Stuart
A en given name.

Stigmata pn
stigmates
(religion, Christianity) bodily marks or sores, corresponding in location to the crucifixion wounds of Christ; supposed to occur during states of religious ecstasy or hysteria, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically

Stilton /ˈstɪltən/ Stiltons n
stilton
A type of blue-veined cheese made in England.

Stirling engine Stirling engines n
moteur Stirling
A heat engine of the external combustion piston engine type.

Stockholm /ˈstɒkhoʊ(l)m/ /ˈstɒkhɒlm/ pn
Stockholm
(metonym) The Swedish government.

Stockholm syndrome n
syndrome de Stockholm
A psychological condition in which a hostage emotionally bonds to his or her captor.

Stockholmer adj
stockholmois stockholmoise
Of, from or pertaining to Stockholm.

Stockholmer Stockholmers n
Stockholmois Stockholmien
Someone from Stockholm in Sweden.

Stone Age /ˈstoʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ /ˈstəʊn ˌeɪdʒ/ pn
âge de pierre Âge de la pierre
(archaeology, paleontology) A broad prehistoric period during which humans widely used stone for toolmaking.

Stonehenge /stoʊ̯nˈhɛnd͡ʒ/ /stəʊ̯nˈhɛnd͡ʒ/ pn
Stonehenge
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Storozhynets pn
Storojynets
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Strabo pn
Strabon
(63/64 B.C.E. – ca. 24 C.E.) Ancient Greek geographer, philosopher, and historian from Amaseia in Pontus.

Stradivarius /ˌstɹadɪˈvɛəɹɪ.əs/ /ˌstɹædəˈvɛɹi.əs/ Stradivarii Stradivariuses n
stradivarius
(musical instruments) A stringed instrument built by members of the Stradivari family, particularly Antonio Stradivari.
(figuratively) A name invoked as a standard of excellence in unrelated fields.

Strait of Bonifacio pn
Bouches de Bonifacio
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Strait of Dover pn
Pas de Calais
A strait in the English Channel, connecting to the North Sea, between Dover (England) and Calais (France)

Strait of Gibraltar pn
détroit de Gibraltar
A strait between Spain and Morocco, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.

Strait of Hormuz pn
détroit d'Ormuz
A strait connecting the Gulf of Oman to the Persian Gulf.

Strait of Juan de Fuca /ˈstɹeɪt əv ˌ(h)wɑːn də ˈfuːkə/ pn
Détroit de Juan de Fuca
(US) A strait that runs between the southern end of Vancouver Island and the Olympic Peninsula.

Strait of Kerch pn
détroit de Kertch
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Strait of Magellan pn
détroit de Magellan
A navigable sea route between the southern coast of Chile and the northern coast of Tierra del Fuego.

Strait of Malacca pn
détroit de Malacca
A strait between the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Strait of Messina pn
détroit de Messine
The narrow section of water between the eastern tip of Sicily and the southern tip of mainland Italy.

Strait of Sicily pn
canal de Sicile
A strait between Sicily and Tunisia, part of the Mediterranean Sea.

Strasbourg /ˈstɹæsbɜːɡ/ /ˈstɹæzbɜːɡ/ /ˈstɹɑːsbɝːɡ/ pn
Strasbourg
TemplateParserError:LuaError; located in the historic region of Alsace, near the border with Germany and at various historical points a part of Germany.

Stratford-on-Avon pn
Stratford-on-Avon
TemplateParserError:LuaError, birthplace of William Shakespeare. Often used as a byword for a particularly idyllic or historic town.

Strauss /stɹaʊs/ pn
Strauss
A surname from German.

Straussian more Straussian most Straussian adj
straussien
Of or pertaining to Richard Strauss and Johann Strauss

Streisand effect /ˈstɹaɪ.sænd əˌfɛkt/ Streisand effects n
effet Streisand
A phenomenon in which attempting to suppress an item of information attracts even more unwanted attention, thus furthering its dissemination.

Stroll Strolls pn
Stroll

Stronachlachar pn
Stronachlachar

Stuart /ˈst(j)uɚt/ /ˈstjuːət/ /ˈstʃuːət/ /ˈstʃʉːət/ Stuarts pn
Stuart
A Scottish surname originating as an occupation, a variant of Stewart.

Stuttgart /ˈstʊtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ /ˈstʌtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ /ˈʃtʊtɡɑː(ɹ)t/ pn
Stuttgart
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Stymphalian bird Stymphalian birds n
oiseaux du lac Stymphale
(Greek mythology) A man-eating bird with a bronze beak and sharp metallic feathers it could launch at its victims, which infested Stymphalus. They were slain by Herakles as part of his sixth Labour, who took advantage of their sensitive sense of hearing.

Stymphalus pn
Stymphale
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(Greek mythology) Any of various mythological figures.

Styria pn
Styrie
(historical) The Duchy of Styria, a duchy within the Holy Roman Empire, located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia.

Styrian adj
styrien
Of, from or relating to Styria.

Styrian Styrians n
Styrien
Someone from Styria.

Styx /stɪks/ pn
Styx
(Greek mythology) The river, in Hades, over which the souls of the dead are ferried by Charon.

Sublime Porte pn
Sublime Porte
(figuratively) A pars pro toto for the Ottoman sultanic court, hence for the imperial government, notably the vizierial divan and the entire empire, or a personage with a similar standing.

Sudan /suˈdæn/ /suˈdɑn/ /suːˈdɑːn/ /sʉːˈdæn/ /sʉːˈdɐːn/ Sudans pn
Soudan
Republic of the Sudan, since 1955

Sudanese /suː.de.niːz/ adj
soudanais soudanaise
Of, from, or pertaining to the country of Sudan, or the Sudanese people.

Sudanese /suː.de.niːz/ Sudanese n
Soudanais Soudanaise
A person from Sudan or of Sudanese descent.

Sudeten pn
Sudètes monts Sudètes
A series of mountains in Central Europe (Czech Republic, Poland, Germany).

Sudetenland pn
Région des Sudètes
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Suez /ˈsuː.ɛz/ pn
Suez
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Suez Canal pn
Canal de Suez canal de Suez
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Sufism n
soufisme sufisme
A family of spiritual schools in Islam emphasizing mysticism and asceticism.

Sugarloaf Mountain pn
Pain de Sucre
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Sukhumi /suːˈkuːmi/ /suːˈxuːmi/ pn
Soukhoumi
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Sukkot pn
scénopégie Soukkot Souccot fête des Cabanes fête des Huttes fête des Tabernacles
(Judaism) An ancient biblical / Israelite / Jewish festival lasting seven days, celebrating the autumn harvest and commemorating the passage through the wilderness: observed from the 15th day to the 21 day of the month of Tishrei (Tishri).

Sulawesi pn
Sulawesi
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Sumas pn
Sumas
Ellipsis of Sumas Indian Band.; a band government governing the Sumas First Nation

Sumatra /suːˈmɑːtɹə/ pn
Sumatra
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Sumatran Sumatrans n
Sumatrais Sumatraise Sumatran Sumatrane Sumatrien Sumatrienne
Someone from Sumatra

Sumatran tiger Sumatran tigers n
tigre de Sumatra
A population of Panthera tigris sondaica, found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ adj
sumérien
Of, from or pertaining to Sumer.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ Sumerians n
Sumérien Sumérienne
A person of Sumer.

Sumerian /suˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /suˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ /səˈmɛɚ.i.ən/ /səˈmɪə.ɹɪ.ən/ pn
sumérien
(linguistics) The ancient language spoken in Sumer, a language isolate.

Sumerogram Sumerograms n
sumérogramme
(linguistics) A Sumerian cuneiform symbol used as a logogram in another language, such as Akkadian or Hittite.

Sumerologist Sumerologists n
Sumerologue
A person who studies ancient Sumer and the Sumerians; an expert in Sumerology.

Sumerology n
sumérologie
The study of the ancient Sumerian civilisation.

Summer Triangle pn
Triangle d'été
(asterism) A bright asterism of the northern summer sky. Its corners are the three 1st-magnitude stars Altair (α Aql), Deneb (α Cyg), and Vega (α Lyr).

Sumy /ˈsumi/ /ˈsuːmɪ/ pn
Soumy
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Sun /sʌn/ Suns n
dim.
Sunday

Sun /sʌn/ pn
Soleil
The star at the center of the Solar System (our solar system), which shines in our sky, represented in astronomy and astrology by ☉.

Sun King pn
Roi-Soleil

Sunda Islands pn
îles de la Sonde
A group of islands in the Malay Archipelago.

Sunda Strait /ˈsʊndə ˈstɹeɪt/ pn
détroit de la Sonde
The strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra.

Sunday /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ adv
dimanche
(US, Canada) On Sundays.

Sunday /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ Sundays n
dimanche
The first day of the week in many religious traditions, and the seventh day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 standard; the Christian Sabbath; the Lord's Day; it follows Saturday and precedes Monday.
presse dominicale
(informal) A newspaper published on Sunday.

Sunday best n
endimanché
(idiomatic) A person's finest clothing, especially the clothes one reserves to wear to church on Sunday.

Sunday driver Sunday drivers n
conducteur du dimanche
(idiomatic) One who drives slowly or inexpertly, as for leisure or sightseeing.

Sunday school Sunday schools n
école du dimanche
A school, organized by a church, that provides religious education to children on Sundays.

Sunil pn
Sunil

Sunni /ˈsʊni/ Sunnis n
sunnite
A follower of Sunni Islam.

Sunni Islam pn
sunnisme
(Islam) The largest branch of Islam, followed by around 1.7 billion people, whose adherents believe that Muhammad died without appointing a successor, leading to the election of Abu Bakr as the legitimate leader of the Muslim community.

Superman /ˈs(j)uːpə(ɹ)mæn/ /ˈsupɚmæn/ Supermen pn
Superman
A fictional comic-book superhero with superhuman strength and speed, X-ray vision, and the ability to fly. [from 1933.]

Supreme Leader Supreme Leaders n
Guide suprême
The head of state and commander-in-chief of the entire armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, with the authority to dismiss the Iranian president. The Supreme Leader is also the highest-ranking spiritual leader in Iran.
Chef Suprême
The highest-ranking member of an organization or country, who has absolute power.

Supreme Soviet pn
Soviet suprême
The bicameral parliament of the former Soviet Union

Suren pn
Suréna

Suresnes pn
Suresnes
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Suriname /ˈsʊə.ɹɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.næm/ /ˈsʊɹ.ɪ.nɑm/ /ˌsjʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊə.ɹɪˈnæm/ /ˌsʊɹ.ɪˈnɑm/ pn
Suriname Surinam
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Surinamese /ˌsʊəɹɪnəˈmiːz/ adj
surinamien
Of, from, or pertaining to Suriname, the Surinamese people or the Surinamese language.

Surinamese /ˌsʊəɹɪnəˈmiːz/ Surinamese n
surinamais surinamaise surinamien surinamienne
A person from Suriname or of Surinamese descent.

Surzhyk pn
sourjyk surzhyk
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Ukrainian, spoken mainly in Ukraine but also some neighbouring regions in Russia (Kursk, Voronezh and Belgorod) or Ukrainians living in Russia.

Susa /ˈsuːzə/ pn
Suse
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Susan /ˈsjuː-/ /ˈsuː.zən/ /ˈsuː.zɪn/ Susans pn
Suzanne
A en given name.

Susanna pn
Suzanne
(biblical character) A follower of Jesus (Luke 8:3)

Sussex Drive /ˌsʌsɪks ˈdɹaɪv/ pn
promenade Sussex
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Suva /ˈsuːvə/ pn
Suva
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Suzuki [sy.ˈzyː.ki] Suzukis pn
Suzuki
The second most common Japanese surname from Japanese.

Svalbard /ˈsvɑːlbɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈsvɑːlbɑː(ɹ)d/ pn
Svalbard
A group of islands northeast of Greenland; a territory of Norway.

Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands pn
Iles Svalbard et Jan Mayen
Two distinct dependencies of Norway. Official name: Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands.

Svarog pn
Svarog
(Slavic mythology) the god of fire, blacksmithing, and possibly sky.

Sverdlov Sverdlovs pn
Sverdlov
A transliteration of the Russian surname Свердлов (Sverdlov).

Sverdlovsk pn
Sverdlovsk
(historical) Yekaterinburg, TemplateParserError:LuaError (from 1921 to 1991).

Sviatohirsk pn
Sviatohirsk
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Swabia /ˈsweɪbi.ə/ pn
Souabe
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Swabian /ˈsweɪbi.ən/ more Swabian most Swabian adj
souabe
Of or related to Swabia, its people, or its dialect of the German language.

Swabian /ˈsweɪbi.ən/ Swabians n
Souabe
A person from Swabia.

Swabian Turkey pn
Turquie Souabe
A region of southwestern Hungary inhabited by an ethnic German minority who settled there, beginning in the late 1600s after the land was conquered from the Ottoman Empire, from the Palatinate, Hesse, Swabia, Bavaria and elsewhere.

Swadesh list Swadesh lists n
liste Swadesh
(linguistics) One of the lists of vocabulary with universal test meanings/concepts developed by Morris Swadesh in the 1950-70s.

Swahili /swɑˈhili/ /swəˈhili/ /swəˈhiːli/ pn
swahili souahéli
An agglutinative language of the Bantu branch widely spoken in East Africa. Born in its modern form from the hybridization of the Arabic and Bantu cultures, it was the language of the traders in East Africa, and spread along the routes of trade.

Swainson's hawk Swainson's hawks n
buse de Swainson
A hawk, Buteo swainsoni

Swainson's thrush Swainson's thrushes n
grive à dos olive
Catharus ustulatus, a medium-sized thrush of North America.

Swazi adj
swazi
Of, from, or pertaining to Swaziland/Eswatini, the Swazi people or the Swazi language.

Swazi Swazi Swazis n
Swazi
A person from Swaziland/Eswatini or of Swazi/Swati descent originally migrating from Central Africa.

Swazi pn
swati
A Bantu language primarily spoken in Swaziland/Eswatini and the South African regions adjacent to it.

Swaziland /ˈswɑːziˌlænd/ pn
Swaziland swazilandais
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Swazilander Swazilanders n
Swazilandais Swazilandaise
A native or inhabitant of Swaziland.

Swede /swiːd/ Swedes n
Suédois Suédoise
A person from Sweden or of Swedish descent.

Sweden /ˈswi.dən/ /ˈswiː.dən/ pn
Suède
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Swedenborgian more Swedenborgian most Swedenborgian adj
swedenborgien swédenborgien
Of or pertaining to Emanuel Swedenborg (born Emanuel Swedberg in 1688), Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian.

Swedenborgian Swedenborgians n
swedenborgien swedenborgienne swédenborgien swédenborgienne
A religious follower of Emanuel Swedenborg.

Swedenborgianism n
swedenborgianisme swedenborgisme swédenborgianisme swédenborgisme
(historical) Any of several related Christian denominations that developed as a new religious movement, informed by the writings of Emanuel Swedenborg.

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ adj
suédois
Of or pertaining to Sweden.
Of or pertaining to the Swedish language.

Swedish /ˈswiː.dɪʃ/ Swedishes pn
suédois
The language of Sweden and Åland (an autonomous part of Finland). Swedish is also one of the two official languages of Finland, spoken by 6% of the citizens. A very small minority in Estonia has Swedish as their mother tongue.

Swedish massage Swedish massages n
massage suédois
A popular style of massage involving effleurage, petrissage, tapotement, friction, and vibration/shaking as the basic strokes.

Swedophone adj
suécophone suédophone svécophone
Swedish-speaking.

Swedophone Swedophones n
suécophone suédophone svécophone
A speaker of Swedish.

Swiss /swɪs/ more Swiss most Swiss adj
suisse helvétique
Of, from, or pertaining to Switzerland or the Swiss people.

Swiss /swɪs/ Swiss Swisses n
Suisse Suissesse
(countable) A person from Switzerland or of Swiss descent.

Swiss Army knife Swiss Army knives n
couteau suisse
Any of a class of multi-function pocket knives or multitools, having a blade and various tools, such as screwdrivers and can openers.

Swiss Confederation pn
Confédération suisse
The full official name of Switzerland.

Swiss German pn
allemand de Suisse suisse allemand
The varieties of Alemannic German spoken in Switzerland.

Swiss franc Swiss francs n
franc suisse
The currency of Switzerland, divided into 100 centimes, currency code CHF.

Swiss pine Swiss pines n
arolle pin cembro pin des Alpes
A pine tree of the species Pinus cembra, native to alpine Europe, North Africa, and western Asia.

Swiss roll Swiss rolls n
roulé rouleau de génoise
A type of sponge cake rolled up into a cylinder, typically but not exclusively with jam or chocolate filling.

Switzerland /ˈswɪt.sə.lənd/ /ˈswɪt.sɚ.lənd/ pn
Suisse
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Sydney /ˈsɪd.ni/ Sydneys pn
Sydney
(uncountable) TemplateParserError:LuaError, now part of the amalgamated Cape Breton Regional Municipality on Cape Breton Island.

Sydney Harbour Bridge pn
Pont de Sydney

Sydney Opera House pn
Opéra de Sydney
A multi-venue performing arts centre in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Sykes's warbler Sykes's warblers n
hypolaïs rama
Iduna rama, an Old World warbler.

Syldavia pn
Syldavie

Sylvester /sɪlˈvɛstɚ/ pn
Sylvestre Silvestre
A en given name used in English since the sixteenth century.

Symaean /saɪˈmiːən/ adj
syméen
Of, belonging to, or pertaining to Syme.

Symaean /saɪˈmiːən/ Symaeans n
Syméen
A native or inhabitant of Syme.

Syme /ˈsaɪmiː/ /ˈsiːmi/ pn
Symè
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Syr Darya pn
Syr-Daria Cach Shash Sirr
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Syracuse /ˈsɛɹəkjus/ /ˈsɪɹəkjuːz/ Syracuses pn
Syracuse
Syracuse University (in New York)

Syria /ˈsɪɹi.ə/ pn
Syrie
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Syriac /ˈsɪɹiˌæk/ Syriacs pn
syriaque
An Aramaic language, part of the Semitic language family, specifically:

Syriac Orthodox Church pn
Église syriaque orthodoxe
An Oriental Orthodox church branched from the Church of Antioch.

Syrian /ˈsɪɹi.ən/ adj
syrien
Of, from, or pertaining to Syria, the Syrian people or the Syrian language.

Syrian /ˈsɪɹi.ən/ Syrians n
Syrien Syrienne
A person from Syria or of Syrian descent.

Syrian Arab Republic pn
République arabe syrienne
The official name of Syria.

Syriarch Syriarchs n
syriarque
(historical) The chief priest in the Roman province of Syria.

Syriarchate Syriarchates n
syriarchie
The term of office of a Syriarch.

Szczecin pn
Szczecin Stettin
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the capital of West Pomeranian Voivodeship; Stettin.

Szlachta /ˈʃlæxta/ pn
szlachta
Nobility of Poland, and Lithuania.

Székesfehérvár pn
Albe Royale Székesfehérvár
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São Paulo /ˌsaʊ ˈpaʊ.loʊ/ pn
Saint-Paul São Paulo
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São Tomé and Príncipe /ˌsaʊ təˈmeɪ ən ˈpɹɪnsɪpeɪ/ pn
Sao Tomé-et-Principe São Tomé-et-Príncipe
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Sète pn
Sète
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Sótuknang pn
Sotuknang
(Hopi religion) Nephew of Taiowa and creator of the nine universal kingdoms.

Sûreté pn
Sûreté
(law enforcement) The Sûreté Nationale of France.
(law enforcement, Quebec) The Sûreté du Québec.

Sûreté du Québec pn
Sûreté du Québec
(Quebec, law enforcement) the Quebec provincial police force

T tubule T tubules n
tubule T tubule transverse
(anatomy) One of the extensions of the cell membrane of striated muscle cells, running in a transverse manner, that permit the transmission of the action potential into the cell and regulate cellular calcium concentration.

T-bar T-bars n
arbalète
(skiing) A type of ski lift where skiers/snowboarders are dragged up the ski run while they slide along on their skis/snowboards on the slope. They hang onto a T-shaped bar, a crossbar handle and a lead shaft linking to the drive cable.

T-bone steak T-bone steaks n
bifteck d'aloyau
A large beef steak, containing a T-shaped bone.

T-shirt /ˈtiːʃɚt/ /ˈtiːʃɜːt/ T-shirts n
tee-shirt t-shirt T-shirt chandail ticheurte
A lightweight shirt without buttons, usually with short sleeves and no collar. Often made of cotton and frequently bears a picture or slogan.

T-square T-squares n
règle en T
A rule with a short perpendicular crosspiece at one end, used by draughtsmen to draw parallel lines.

T4T T4Ts n
T4T TFT

TBM TBMs n
tunnelier
(engineering) Initialism of tunnel boring machine.

TDMA TDMAs n
accès multiple à répartition dans le temps
Initialism of time division multiple access.

TDoR pn
TDoR

TEOTWAWKI [ti.ɑt.wɑk.i] n
la fin du monde tel que nous le connaissons
Acronym of the end of the world as we know it.

TERF /tɚf/ /tɜːf/ TERFs n
TERF
(see usage notes) A trans-exclusionary radical feminist; a radical feminist who does not consider trans women to be women, or thinks they should not be included in female spaces or organisations, and who considers trans men to be women; a transphobic person.

TERFism n
TERFisme

TFSA TFSAs n
CELI

TMR pn
VMR
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TORFL TORFLs n
TORFL TRKI test de russe comme langue étrangère
Acronym of test of Russian as a foreign language.

TP TPs n
ST
(linguistics) Initialism of tense phrase.

TTBOMK adv
pour autant que je sache
(Internet slang) Initialism of to the best of my knowledge, indicating uncertainty in spite of having some knowledge on the subject.

TTYL phraseologicalUnit
ALP
(internet slang, text messaging) Initialism of talk to you later.

TV /ˈti.vi/ /ˌtiːˈviː/ TVs n
télé
(pop culture, music) Initialism of Taylor's Version.

TV guide TV guides n
guide télé programme télé
An interactive menu-based system displaying the television schedule on the television screen.

Tabaristan pn
Tabaristan
(historical) A former region on the southern coasts of the Caspian Sea.

Tabitha /ˈtæbɪθə/ pn
Tabitha
(biblical character) A woman who was, according to the Bible, restored to life by Peter.
A en given name of biblical origin.

Tacitus /ˈtæsɪtʊs/ pn
Tacite
A Roman cognomen, notably borne by Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (c.56–117), a historian of ancient Rome and Marcus Claudius Tacitus (c.200–275), a Roman emperor.

Tadjoura pn
Tadjourah
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Tadjourah pn
Tadjourah
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Tagalog /təˈɡæləɡ/ /təˈɡɑlɔɡ/ /təˈɡɑləɡ/ /təˈɡɑːlɒɡ/ pn
tagalog
A language spoken in the Philippines, especially in areas of central to southern Luzon.

Taganrog /təɡɐnˈrok/ pn
Taganrog
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Tagaytay pn
Tagaytay
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Taguig /tæˈɡɘɡ/ /tæˈɡɪɡ ~ taˈɡɪɡ/ /tæˈɡɪɡ/ pn
Taguig
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Tagus /ˈteɪ.ɡəs/ pn
Tage
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Tahiti /tɑˈhiːti/ /təˈhiːti/ pn
Tahiti
the largest island in French Polynesia

Tahitian adj
tahitien
Of or relating to Tahiti, or to its people or language.

Tahitian Tahitians n
Tahitien Tahitienne Tahititien
A native or inhabitant of Tahiti.

Tahitian pn
tahitien
The Polynesian language of Tahiti.

Tai /taɪ/ Tai Tais n
taï

Taimyr pn
Taïmyr
A large peninsula in the Russian North that forms the northernmost part of mainland Eurasia and Asia in Krasnoyarsk kray, Russia.

Tainan pn
Tainan
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Taino /ˈtaɪnoʊ/ pn
taïno
Their Arawakan language, now extinct.

Taiowa pn
Taiowa
Primordial Hopi god.

Taipei /taɪˈpeɪ/ pn
Taipei Taïpeï
(metonymy) The government of the Republic of China (Taiwan). [from 20th c.]

Taiping /taɪˈpɪŋ/ Taipings n
Taiping
(historical) A member of the Taiping rebels during the mid-19th century.

Taishanese pn
hoisanais taishanais toisanais
A Yue Chinese lect spoken in the greater Taishan area of Guangdong Province, China.

Taiwan /ˌtaɪˈwæn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɑːn/ /ˌtaɪˈwɒn/ pn
Taïwan
A large island between the Taiwan Strait and Philippine Sea, also known as Formosa.
An administrative division centered on the island of Taiwan including nearby islands.
(astronomy) 2169 Taiwan, a main belt asteroid. [from mid 20th c.]

Taiwan Strait pn
détroit de Formose détroit de Taïwan
The strait dividing mainland Asia (China) from Taiwan island and connecting the East and South China Seas.

Taiwan field mouse Taiwan field mice n
mulot de Taïwan

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ more Taiwanese most Taiwanese adj
taïwanais
Of or pertaining to Taiwan.

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ Taiwanese n
Taïwanais Taïwanaise
A person from Taiwan; usually plural.

Taiwanese /taɪwəˈniːz/ /ˌtaɪwɑˈniːz/ pn
taïwanais
The variant of Hokkien spoken in Taiwan, the native language of the Hoklo.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ adj
tadjik
Of, from, or pertaining to Tajikistan, the Tajik people (living in Tajikistan and Afghanistan) or the Tajiki dialect of Persian.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ Tajiks n
Tadjik Tadjike
A person from Tajikistan or of Tajik descent.

Tajik /tæˈd͡ʒiːk/ /ˈtɑːd͡ʒɪk/ pn
tadjik
The Persian dialect spoken in Tajikistan.

Tajikistan pn
Tadjikistan
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Taliban /ˈtælɪbæn/ /ˈtælɪbɑːn/ /ˈtɑːlɪbɑːn/ Taliban Talibans n
Taliban
A Taliban militia.
taliban taleb talibane
A member of the Taliban movement or its militia; a Talib.

Taliban /ˈtælɪbæn/ /ˈtælɪbɑːn/ /ˈtɑːlɪbɑːn/ pn
talibans
A Deobandi Islamist and largely Pashtun religious political movement founded in Afghanistan in 1994 by mullah Mohammad Omar, which has governed the country from 1996 to 2001 and since 2021.

Talibanesque more Talibanesque most Talibanesque adj
talibanesque
Reminiscent of the Taliban.

Tallinn /ˈtælɪn/ /ˈtɑːlɪn/ pn
Tallinn Tallin
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Tallinner Tallinners n
Tallinnois Tallinnoise
Someone from Tallinn.

Talmud /ˈtælməd/ /ˈtælmʊd/ /ˈtɑlmʊd/ Talmuds pn
Talmud talmud
A collection of Jewish writings related to the practical application of Judaic law and tradition (may refer to either the Babylonian Talmud or the shorter Jerusalem Talmud).

Talmudic /tælˈmʊdɪk/ /tɑl-/ adj
talmudique
Of, or relating to the Talmud.

Tamanaku pn
tamanaco
An extinct Cariban language of Venezuela.

Tamar /ˈteɪmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑːmɑ(ɹ)/ pn
Tamar
A daughter-in-law of Judah.

Tamara /tɑmɑɹə/ /təmæɹə/ /təmɛɹə/ pn
Tamara
A en given name, regularly used in English since the mid-twentieth century.

Tamil /ˈtæməl/ /ˈtæmɪl/ adj
tamoul tamil
Of or pertaining to the Tamil people, culture, or language.

Tamil /ˈtæməl/ /ˈtæmɪl/ Tamils n
Tamoul Tamoule
(countable) A person who originates from Tamil Nadu, India or Sri Lanka.
tamoul tamil
(uncountable) A Dravidian language spoken in the state of Tamil Nadu, India and in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia.

Tamil Nadu pn
Tamil Nadu
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Tamil Tigers pn
Tigres de libération de l'Eelam tamoul Tigres tamouls
A former guerrilla and conventional militant organization that sought the establishment of an independent homeland () in the northeast of Sri Lanka for the minority Tamil community.

Tampere pn
Tampere
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Tancred /ˈtæŋkɹɪd/ pn
Tancrède
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by the Normans in the Middle Ages

Tanganyika /tæŋɡənˈjiːkə/ /tæŋɡəˈniːkə/ pn
Lac Tanganyika
Synonym of Lake Tanganyika, a lake in Africa.
Tanganyika
A former British mandate and territory and, between 1961 and 1964, an independent country in East Africa.

Tangerine /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.ˌɹin/ adj
tangérois tangéroise
From, or pertaining to Tangier.

Tangerine /ˈtæn.d͡ʒə.ˌɹin/ Tangerines n
Tangérois Tangéroise
A native or inhabitant of Tangier.

Tangier /tænˈdʒɪə(ɹ)/ /tænˈdʒɪɹ/ pn
Tanger
(historical) The former international zone surrounding the city; its administration.

Tangut /ˈtɑŋ.ɡʊt/ pn
tangout tangoute
The logographic script uniquely used to write their language.

Tania pn
Tania
A diminutive of the en given name Tatiana.

Tanintharyi pn
Tanintharyi
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Tanka Tankas n
Tanka
A member of a group of people in southern China who traditionally live on junks.

Tantalus /ˈtæntələs/ pn
Tantale
(Greek mythology) A Phrygian king who was condemned to remain in Tartarus, chin-deep in water, with fruit-laden branches hanging above his head; whenever he tried to drink or eat, the water and fruit receded out of reach.

Tanzania /ˌtænzəˈniːə/ pn
Tanzanie
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Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ adj
tanzanien
Of, from, or pertaining to Tanzania, the Tanzanian people or language.

Tanzanian /ˌtænzəˈniən/ Tanzanians n
Tanzanien Tanzanienne
A person from Tanzania or of Tanzanian descent.

Taoism /daʊɪzm̩/ /taʊɪzm̩/ Taoisms n
taoïsme
A Chinese mystical philosophy traditionally founded by Lao-tzu in the 6th century B.C.E. that teaches conformity to the tao by unassertive action and simplicity.

Taoist /daʊɪst/ /taʊɪst/ more Taoist most Taoist adj
taoïste
Relating to Taoism.

Taoist /daʊɪst/ /taʊɪst/ Taoists n
taoïste
A follower of Taoism.

Tarantian pn
Tarantien

Tarantino Tarantinos n
tarentin
(uncountable) A dialect of Neapolitan spoken in and around Taranto in Apulia.
Tarentine Tarentin
(countable) A native or inhabitant of Taranto.

Taranto /təˈɹæn.toʊ/ /ˈtæ.ɹən.təʊ/ /ˈtɛɹ.ən.toʊ/ pn
Tarente
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Tarascon-sur-Ariège pn
Tarascon-sur-Ariège
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Taraškievica pn
tarashkévitsa
A classical Belarusian orthography, also a current alternative standard.

Tardif Tardifs pn
Tardif

Tarlac /ˈtɐːlæk/ /ˈtɑɹlæk/ /ˈtɑːlæk/ pn
Tarlac
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Tarn pn
Tarn
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Tarn-et-Garonne pn
Tarn-et-Garonne
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Taroudant pn
Taroudant
A Moroccan city located in the Souss Valley in the southern part of the country.

Tarragona pn
Tarragone
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Tarsus pn
Tarse
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Tartarus pn
Tartare
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A dark and gloomy part of the realm of Hades, reserved for the damned and the wicked, such as the Titans; an equivalent of hell in Greek and Roman mythology.

Tartu /ˈtɑɹtu/ pn
Tartu
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Tartus pn
Tartous
a city on the Mediterranean coast of Syria

Tash pn
Tash Tosh
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Nyírtass Tash Tass Tosh
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Tasher Tashers n
Tasher
A member of the Tash Hassidic community

Tasher Tashers pn
Tasher
A surname.

Tashkent /ˌtæʃˈkɛnt/ /ˌtɑːʃˈkɛnt/ pn
Tachkent
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Tasman Sea /ˈtæzmən ˈsiː/ pn
mer de Tasman
TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is located between Australia and New Zealand.

Tasmania /tæzˈmeɪniə/ pn
Tasmanie
TemplateParserError:LuaError, consisting of one large, eponymous and several much smaller islands, off the eastern part of Australia's south coast, having its capital at Hobart.
(historical) The colony that became the state of Tasmania at federation in 1901.
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Tasmanian /tæzˈmeɪniən/ Tasmanians n
Tasmanien Tasmanienne
An inhabitant or a resident of the state of Tasmania.

Tasmanian devil Tasmanian devils n
diable de Tasmanie
A medium-sized carnivorous marsupial (Sarcophilus harrisii) found exclusively on the island of Tasmania.

Tass pn
Tass
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Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ more Tatar most Tatar adj
tatar tatare
Of or relating to the people or culture of Tatars.

Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ Tatars n
Tatare Tartare Tatar
A person belonging to one of several Turkic, Tatar-speaking ethnic groups in Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

Tatar /ˈtætɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈtɑtɚ/ pn
tatar Tatar
An agglutinative language belonging to the Altai group of Turkic languages. It is an official language of Tatarstan. There are some eight million speakers spread across Eastern Europe, Russia and Central Asia.

Tatarstan pn
Tatarstan
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Tatiana pn
Tatiana
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Татья́на (Tatʹjána).

Tatra pn
Tatras
A mountain range on the border of Poland and Slovakia.

Taurus /ˈtɑɹəs/ /ˈtɔːɹəs/ Tauruses n
Taureau
Someone with a Taurus star sign

Taurus /ˈtɑɹəs/ /ˈtɔːɹəs/ pn
Taureau
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation of the zodiac supposedly shaped like a bull and containing the star Aldebaran.
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the bull, ruled by Venus and covering April 21 - May 21 (tropical astrology) or May 16 - June 15 (sidereal astrology).
Taurus
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Tavastia pn
Häme Tavastie
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Tavistock pn
Tavistock

Taygetos pn
Taygète
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Taylor /ˈteɪlɚ/ pn
Couture Couturier Quemener Sartre Tailler Thayer
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Taylorism Taylorisms n
taylorisme
Scientific management; a theory of management of the early 20th century that analyzed workflows in order to improve efficiency, originally developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor.

Tayma pn
Tayma
A large oasis located in northwestern Saudi Arabia.

Tbilisi /tə.bɪˈliː.si/ /təˈbliː.si/ /təˈbɪ.lɪ.si/ pn
Tbilissi
(by extension) The government of Georgia.

Tchaikovskian more Tchaikovskian most Tchaikovskian adj
tchaïkovskien
of, or relating to the composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, or characteristic of his style.

Tchaikovsky /t͡ʃaɪˈkɑfski/ pn
Tchaïkovski
A transliteration of the Russian surname Чайко́вский (Čajkóvskij), usually applying to Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Tegucigalpa /tɛˌɡuːsiˈɡælpə/ pn
Tegucigalpa
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Tehran /ˈteəɹ.ɑːn/ /ˈtɛ.ɹæn/ pn
Téhéran
(metonym) the government of Iran

Tehrani adj
téhéranais
Of or relating to the city of Tehran.

Tehrani Tehranis n
Téhéranais Téhéranaise
A native or resident of the city of Tehran.

Teilhet pn
Teilhet
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Tel Aviv /ˌtɛl.əˈviːv/ /ˌtɛl.əˈvɪv/ pn
Tel Aviv Tel Aviv-Jaffa Tel-Aviv Tel-Aviv-Jaffa
(informally, or, formerly) The municipality of Tel Aviv-Yafo.

Tel Aviv-Yafo pn
Tel Aviv-Jaffa Tel-Aviv-Jaffa
A municipality in Israel formed by the merger of Tel Aviv and Jaffa.

Telangana /ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ [ˌt̪ɛləŋˈɡɑːnə] pn
Telangana Télangana
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Telemachus /təˈlɛməkəs/ pn
Télémaque
(Greek mythology) the son of Odysseus and Penelope

Telescopium pn
Télescope
(constellation) A small faint constellation of the southern winter sky, said to resemble a telescope. It lies south of the constellation of Corona Australis.

Telesphoros pn
Télesphore
(Greek god) A god/personification of recuperation from illness or injury. He is a healer and a son of Asclepius and Epione.

Teletext n
télétexte
(UK, Ireland) A text-based information retrieval system using television sets with a suitable decoder; developed by the BBC.

Teletubby Teletubbies n
Télétubby
Any of the four color-coded robotic tubby creatures in the BBC children's television series Teletubbies.

Telugu /ˈtɛ.lʊ.ɡuː/ Telugu Telugus n
Télougou Télougoue
A member of the Telugu ethnic group.

Telugu /ˈtɛ.lʊ.ɡuː/ pn
télougou
A Dravidian language of India.

Telychian pn
Télychien

Temminck's stint Temminck's stints n
bécasseau de Temminck
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris temminckii)

Templar Templars n
templier
A Knight Templar, one of the Knights Templar.

Temple pn
Temple
(Judaism, Christianity, historical) Any of the former chief temples to YHWH in Jerusalem, particularly Solomon's Temple.
Either of two of the Inns of Court in London (the Inner Temple and the Middle Temple), built on a site once occupied by the Knights Templar.

Temple Mount pn
Mont du Temple
One of the hills in Jerusalem, where King Solomon built his great temple, which was destroyed twice (the hill ultimately leveled, leaving only the Wailing Wall venerated by Jews) and today an Islamic compound/courtyard enclosing the Foundation Stone atop which sit the Dome of the Rock, and containing the Al-Aqsa Mosque and other Islamic-era structures.

Temple of Heaven pn
Temple du ciel
A religious complex in southeastern Beijing, formerly important to Chinese imperial rituals; the present-day park surrounding and preserving the site.

Tempo Tempoes Tempos n
Tempo
(Quebec, automotive) A type of car shelter, a temporary kit-built prefabricated steel-framed high tunnel peaked hoop house with an impermeable translucent plastic fabric cover, and flap doors.

Ten Commandments pn
dix commandements Décalogue
(religion) A particular list of religious and moral imperatives which, according to the Old Testament of the Bible or the Hebrew Bible, were twice given or dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai and inscribed on two stone tablets.

Tenedos pn
Ténédos
An island of Turkey in the northern part of the Aegean Sea.

Tenerife /ˌtɛnəˈɹiːf/ pn
Ténérife Ténériffe
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Tengmalm's owl Tengmalm's owls n
nyctale de Tengmalm chouette boréale chouette de Tengmalm
A species of owl, Aegolius funereus or Nyctala tengmalmi

Tengrism /ˈtɛŋ(ɡ)ɹɪzəm/ n
tengrisme
A Central Asian religion characterized by features of shamanism, animism, totemism, both polytheism and monotheism, and ancestor worship. It was the state religion of the six ancient Turkic states.

Tengwar /ˈtɛŋ.ɡwɑɹ/ /ˈtɛŋ.ɡwɑː/ pn
Tengwar

Tennessee /ˌtɛn.əˈsiː/ pn
Tennessee
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Tennis Court Oath pn
Serment du Jeu de Paume

Teochew /tiˈoʊt͡ʃuː/ pn
teochew
A dialect of Min Nan Chinese, spoken in the Chaoshan region of eastern Guangdong and its diaspora.

Tepelenë pn
Tepelen
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Teramo pn
Teramo
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Terence /ˈtɛɹəns/ pn
Térence
A en given name. Popular in the U.K. in the mid-twentieth century.

Teresa /təˈɹiː.sə/ /təˈɹiː.zə/ pn
Thérèse
A en given name, the Spanish and Italian form of Theresa.

Teresian adj
thérésien

Terni pn
Terni
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Terpsichore /təpˈsɪkəɹi/ /tɚpˈsɪkəɹi/ pn
Terpsichore
(Greek god) The goddess of dance and the dramatic chorus, and one of the Muses; the daughters of Zeus & Mnemosyne.

Terracotta Army pn
armée de Terracotta armée de terre cuite
A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, located in Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China.

Terreneuvian n
Terreneuvien
The oldest stratigraphic series in the Cambrian geographic period.
terreneuvien
Synonym of Newfoundland French, a dialect of French found on the Island of Newfoundland, in Canada; on the French Shore.

Terrien Terriens pn
Terrien

Territoire de Belfort pn
Territoire de Belfort
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Tertiary pn
Tertiaire
(geology) The first part of the Cenozoic era when modern flora and mammals appeared.

Tertullian /təɹˈtʌli.ən/ /tɜːˈtʌli.ən/ pn
Tertullien
A Roman cognomen, in particular borne by the Christian theologian Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus from Carthage.

Tesla coil Tesla coils n
bobine Tesla
A type of resonant transformer circuit used to produce high-voltage, low-current, high-frequency alternating-current electricity.

Tethys /ˈtiːθɪs/ /ˈtɛθɪs/ pn
Téthys
(geology) A large ocean which formerly lay between Eurasia and Africa.
(astronomy) A moon of Saturn.

Tetragrammaton Tetragrammata Tetragrammatons n
tétragramme
The four Hebrew letters יהוה (in transliteration, YHWH or JHVH) used as the ineffable name of God in the Hebrew Bible, variously transliterated as Yahweh or Jehovah.

Tetreault Tetreaults pn
Tétreault

Tetreaultville pn
Tétreaultville

Tetris /ˈtɛtɹɪs/ pn
Tetris
A puzzle video game in which falling tetrominoes must be manipulated to form complete lines, which are then cleared from the grid.

Tetum pn
tétoum
The Malayo-Polynesian national language of East Timor.

Teuton /ˈt(j)u.tɑn/ /ˈt(j)u.tən/ /ˈt(j)uː.tɒn/ /ˈt(j)uː.tən/ Teutons n
Teuton Teutonne
A member of any Germanic-language-speaking people, especially a German.

Teutonic /ˌtjuːˈtɒn.ɪk/ more Teutonic most Teutonic adj
teutonique
Relating to the ancient Germanic people, the Teutons.
Having qualities that are regarded as typical of German people.

Teutonic Knights pn
Chevaliers Teutoniques Ordre teutonique
A German religious order founded in the late 12th century and known for conquering the Baltic Prussians and bringing Prussia under German control; the order exists today as a charitable organisation.

Texan /ˈtɛksən/ more Texan most Texan adj
texan texane
Of or pertaining to the inhabitants of the U.S. state of Texas.

Texan /ˈtɛksən/ Texans n
Texan Texane Texien
A native or resident of the state of Texas in the United States of America.

Texas /ˈtɛk.səs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪs/ /ˈtɛk.sɪz/ pn
Texas
(historical) a sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846

Tg n
Tv

Th. pn
Thc.
Bibliographical

Thaddaeus Thaddaeuses pn
Thaddée
An Apostle, identified with Jude.
Thadée
(rare) A en given name; usually spelled Thaddeus.

Thai /taɪ/ more Thai most Thai adj
thaïlandais thaï
Of or pertaining to Thailand.

Thai /taɪ/ Thai Thais n
Thaïlandais Thaïlandaise
(countable) A person living in or coming from Thailand.
thaï thaïlandais
(uncountable) The main language spoken in Thailand (closely related to Lao).

Thai Ridgeback Thai Ridgebacks n
chien thaïlandais à crête dorsale
A sighthound bred in what is now Thailand.

Thaification n
thaïfication
The process of Thaifying.

Thailand /ˈtaɪlænd/ /ˈtaɪlənd/ pn
Thaïlande
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Thais pn
Thaïs
A en given name.

Thales /ˈθeɪliːz/ pn
Thalès
A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Miletus in Asia Minor.

Thames /tɛmz/ /θeɪmz/ pn
Tamise
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Thanatos /ˈθænəˌtɒs/ n
Thanatos
(psychoanalysis) The death drive in Freudian psychoanalysis.

Thanetian pn
Thanétien

Thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksɡɪvɪŋ/ /θæŋksˈɡɪvɪŋ/ Thanksgivings pn
Action de grâce Action de grâces Thanksgiving
(Canada, US) The long weekend which includes Thanksgiving Day; Thanksgiving weekend.

Thatcherism pn
thatchérisme
(UK politics) The political ideology attributed to the governments of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher (1979–1990), characterised by, among other things, a free market economy, privatisation, low taxation, austerity and opposition to unionisation.

Thatcherite /ˈθæt͡ʃəɹaɪt/ Thatcherites n
thatchériste
(UK politics) An advocate of Thatcherism.

Thaumas pn
Thaumas
(Greek god) A sea god, son of Pontus and Gaia

The Call of South Africa pn
L'Appel de l'Afrique du Sud
a former national anthem of South Africa, created during the 1920s and used from the 1930s to the 1990s.

The Hague /ðə ˈheɪɡ/ pn
La Haye
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(metonym) The International Criminal Court or International Court of Justice.
(figuratively, by extension, sometimes, _, hyperbolic) Punishment for a very destructive, harmful or immoral act.

Theaetetus pn
Théétète
A classical Greek mathematician credited with proving that there are precisely five regular convex polyhedra.

Theban adj
thébain
of or pertaining to Thebes

Thebes /θiːbz/ pn
Thèbes
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An ancient city and archaeological site in Upper Egypt, having functioned as capital city at times during the Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom.

Thecla /θiːklə/ /θɛklə/ pn
Thècle
A en given name.

Thelema pn
Thelema
A spiritual and social philosophy developed in the early 1900s, calling each person to act in alignment with his or her True Will (which may or may not be the same as personal wishes) as a basis for spiritual growth.

Thelemite Thelemites n
Thélémite
A follower of Thelema.

Themis /ˈθiːmɪs/ pn
Thémis
(Greek god) A Titan, the embodiment of divine order, law and custom. She was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus.

Theobald /ˈtɪbəɫd/ /ˈθiːoʊbɔɫd/ pn
Thibaut Thibaud Thibault
A en given name

Theoderic /θiˈɑd.əɹ.ɪk/ /θiːˈɒd.əɹ.ɪk/ pn
Thierry Théodoric
A en given name, equivalent to English grc-koi:Θευδέριχος.

Theodora pn
Théodora
A en given name, most famously borne by two empresses of Byzantium.

Theodore pn
Théodore
A en given name; the name of a saint, pope, several emperors, etc.

Theodoric /θiˈɒdəɹɪk/ pn
Théodoric
A male given name of historical usage, notably borne by two kings of the Visigoths

Theodosius pn
Théodose
A en given name.

Theophany Theophanies n
Théophanie
One of the Great Feasts of the Eastern Orthodox Church, commemorating the revelation of Jesus' divinity, especially in his baptism by John the Baptist.

Theophilus /θiːˈɒfɪləs/ pn
Théophile
(biblical character) The addressee of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles.
A en given name; rare in English.

Theotokos /ˌθeɪoʊˈtoʊkoʊs/ /θiːˈɒtəˌkɒs/ pn
Théotokos
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Orthodoxy) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus, in particular reference to her role giving birth to God.

Therien Theriens pn
Thérien

Thermidor /ˈθɜːmɪdɔː/ /ˈθɝmədɔɹ/ Thermidors pn
thermidor
(historical) The eleventh month of the French Republican Calendar, from July 19 or 20 to August 17 or 18.

Thermopylae /θəˈmɒpɪli/ /θɚˈmɑpɪli/ pn
Thermopyles
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Theron /ˈθɛəɹən/ /ˈθɛɹən/ pn
Théron
Theron of Akragas (died 473 BC), a tyrant of Akragas in Sicily.

Therrien Therriens pn
Therrien

Theseus /ˈθiːsiːəs/ pn
Thésée
A legendary Ancient Greek hero most famous for defeating the minotaur in the labyrinth of Crete.

Thesprotia /θɛsˈpɹəʊ.ʃə/ pn
Thesprotie
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Thessalian adj
thessalien
Of or relating to Thessaly in Greece.

Thessalian Thessalians n
Thessalien Thessalienne
A native or inhabitant of Thessaly.

Thessalonian adj
thessalonicien

Thessalonian Thessalonians n
Thessalonicien

Thessalonians /θɛsəˈloʊni.ənz/ pn
Thessaloniciens
(biblical) Books in the New Testament of the Bible (1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians), epistles to the Christians in ancient Thessaloniki.

Thessaloniki /ˌθɛsələˈniːki/ pn
Thessalonique Salonique
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Thessaly /ˈθɛsəli/ pn
Thessalie
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Thetis /ˈθɛtɪs/ pn
Thétis
(Greek god) One of the Nereids; the mother of Achilles

Thibedeau Thibedeaus pn
Thibedeau

Thibodeau Thibodeaus pn
Thibodeau

Thiers Thierses pn
Thiers
A surname from French.

Thimphu /tɪmˈpuː/ pn
Thimphou
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Thing /θɪŋ/ Things n
Thing
(chiefly, historical) A public assembly or judicial council in a Germanic country.

Third Reich pn
Troisième Reich
(historical) Synonym of Nazi Germany.

Third World pn
tiers-monde
(historical, politics) Those countries not aligned with the west or the east during the Cold War.
(attributive, pejorative, informal) Any developing country, or a country lacking the perceived rudiments of civilization.

Third-Worldism n
tiers-mondisme

Third-Worldist adj
tiers-mondiste

Thisbe pn
Thisbé
(astronomy) 88 Thisbe, a main belt asteroid; named for Thisbe, heroine of said Roman tale.

Thomas /ˈtɑ.məs/ /ˈtɒ.məs/ Thomases pn
Thomas
An Apostle, best remembered for doubting the resurrection of Jesus.
A en given name of biblical origin, popular since the 13th century.
A common surname originating as a patronymic.

Thomism n
thomisme
(philosophy, theology) The philosophy and theology of Thomas Aquinas.

Thor /θɔɹ/ /θɔː/ pn
Thor
(Norse mythology) A hammer-wielding god associated with thunder, lightning, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, and the protection of mankind.

Thoth /θəʊθ/ pn
Thot
The ancient Egyptian moon god of wisdom, learning, and magic, usually depicted as an ibis or baboon.

Thousand Island dressing Thousand Island dressings n
vinaigrette des mille îles
A salad dressing of mayonnaise, ketchup, Tabasco sauce and finely chopped vegetables.

Thousand Islands pn
Archipel des Mille Îles Archipel des Mille-Îles Mille Îles Mille-Îles archipel des Mille Îles archipel des Mille-Îles

Thrace /θɹeɪs/ pn
Thrace
A historical and geographic area in southeast Europe, now divided between Greece, Bulgaria and Turkey.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ adj
thrace
of or pertaining to Thrace or the Thracians or the extinct Thracian language.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ Thracians n
Thrace thrace
(countable) An inhabitant of Thrace, regardless of ethnicity.

Thracian /ˈθɹeɪʃi.ən/ /ˈθɹeɪʃən/ pn
thrace
(uncountable) the extinct language formerly spoken in Thrace.

Threads /θɹɛdz/ pn
Threads

Three Amigos pn
Trois Amigos trois amis
(plurale tantum, informal, North America, politics) The prime minister of Canada and the presidents of Mexico and the United States.

Three Kingdoms pn
Trois Royaumes
(historical) The tripartite division of China between the states of Wei (魏 (Wèi)), Shu (蜀 (Shǔ)), and Wu (吳／吴 (Wú)), during AD 220–280, following the Han dynasty and preceding the Jin dynasty.

Three Rivers /ˈθɹiː ˈɹɪv.ɚz/ pn
Trois-Rivières

Thu Thus n
jeu.
abbreviation of Thursday

Thuban pn
Thuban
(star) α Draconis, a white giant star in the constellation Draco which served as the North Star from about 3942 to 1793 BC.

Thucydides /θjuːˈsɪdɪdiːz/ pn
Thucydide
(c. 460 BCE – c. 395 BCE) A great ancient Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War, which recounts the 5th century BCE war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BCE.

Thule /ˈtuːliː/ /ˈθjuːliː/ /ˈθuːliː/ /θjuːl/ /θuːl/ pn
Thulé
The semi-legendary island of classical antiquity considered to represent the northernmost location in the inhabited world (the Ecumene).

Thumbelina /ˌθʌmbəˈliːnə/ pn
Petite Poucette Poucette
A fairy tale about a thumb-sized girl.

Thun pn
Thoune
An Alpine lake, which took its name from the city of Thun, on its northern shore: see Lake Thun.

Thurgau pn
Thurgovie
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Thuringia /θəˈɹɪnd͡ʒiə/ pn
Thuringe
One of the component states of Germany according to the current administrative division of the nation.

Thuringian /θjʊˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ /θəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Thuringians n
Thuringien Thuringienne
A native or inhabitant of Thuringia.

Thursday /ˈθɘːzdæɪ̯/ /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ /ˈθɜːzdi/ /ˈθɝzdeɪ/ /ˈθɝzdi/ /ˈθɵːzdæe/ Thursdays n
jeudi
The fifth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the fourth day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Wednesday and precedes Friday.

Tianjin pn
Tianjin
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Tiber /ˈtaɪbə/ /ˈtaɪbəɹ/ pn
Tibre
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Tiberias /taɪˈbɪəɹi.æs/ pn
Tibériade
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Tiberius /taɪˈbɪəɹ.i.əs/ /tɪˈbɛɹiʊs/ Tiberiuses pn
Tibère
(historical) A en given name of mostly historical use, in particular, the praenomen of the second Roman emperor Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus, reigning 14-37 C.E..

Tibet /təˈbɛt/ /tɪˈbɛt/ pn
Tibet
The Tibetan Plateau, a plateau region in Central Asia, where the Tibetan people traditionally live, encompassing what is now Tibet Autonomous Region (also called Xizang), most of Qinghai, the western half of Sichuan, a small part of Yunnan and a small part of Gansu in the People's Republic of China, and also the country of Bhutan, and the Indian regions of Sikkim and Ladakh.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ adj
tibétain tibétaine
Pertaining to Tibet, the Tibetan people, culture, or language.

Tibetan /tɪˈbɛtn̩/ Tibetans n
Tibétain Tibétaine
(countable) A native of Tibet
tibétain Tibétain Tibétaine
(uncountable) A language of Tibet

Tibetan Buddhism pn
bouddhisme tibétain lamaïsme
The body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet, Mongolia, Tuva, Bhutan, Kalmykia, Buryatia and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, and India.

Tibetan Mastiff Tibetan Mastiffs n
dogue du Tibet dogue tibétain mâtin du Tibet mâtin tibétain
A large dog of a breed from Central Asia, having a medium to long double coat in a wide variety of colors, sometimes with white markings around neck, chest, and legs.

Tibetan fox Tibetan foxes n
renard du Tibet
Vulpes ferrilata, a species of true fox endemic to the high Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, China, and India

Tibeto-Burman adj
tibéto-birman
(rare) Of or relating to both Tibet and Burma.
(linguistics) Of the Tibeto-Burman languages, one of the subgroups of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

Tibetological adj
tibétologique
Relating to Tibetology

Tibetologist Tibetologists n
tibétologue
One who studies Tibetology

Tibetology n
tibétologie
The study of Tibet and its history and culture.

Ticino pn
Tessin
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Tienen pn
Tirlemont
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Tierra del Fuego /tiˌɛɹə dɛl ˈfweɪɡoʊ/ /tɪˌɛːɹə dɛl ˈfweɪɡəʊ/ pn
Terre de Feu
An island at the southern tip of South America, divided between Chile and Argentina.

Tiffany /ˈtɪf.əˌni/ pn
Tiphaine
A en given name.

Tigrayan more Tigrayan most Tigrayan adj
Tigréen
Of or relating to the Tigray Region in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

Tigrinya /tɪˈɡɹiːnjə/ pn
tigrigna
A Semitic language of Eritrea and Ethiopia. It is written in the Ge'ez alphabet.

Tigris /ˈtaɪɡɹɪs/ pn
Tigre
A river in Southwest Asia flowing 1,150 miles east-southeast from the Armenian Highland in Turkey through Iraq. It forms the eastern edge of classical Mesopotamia. It unites with the Euphrates River to form the Shatt al-Arab before flowing into the Persian Gulf.

TikToker TikTokers n
TikTokeur tiktokeur
(social media) A user of the video-sharing app TikTok, especially one who creates videos.

Tilsit n
Tilsit
A light-yellow semihard smear-ripened cheese of East Prussian origin.

Tilt-A-Whirl Tilt-A-Whirls n
Undulateur
A spinning-platform amusement ride that exposes its riders to unpredictable combinations of tilting, spinning and horizontal movement.

Timbuktu /tɪm.bʌkˈtuː/ pn
Tombouctou
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(figurative) Any proverbially distant or remote place.

Timișoara /ˌtimiˈʃwɑɹɑ/ pn
Timișoara
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Timonean more Timonean most Timonean adj
timonien timonéen
Of a form of bitter misanthropy related to Timonism, like Timon of Athens.
Pertaining or related to Timon of Phlius, his life, works, style, or ideas.

Timonian more Timonian most Timonian adj
timonien
Of a form of bitter misanthropy relating to Timonism, like Timon of Athens.
Of or relating to Skeptic philosopher Timon of Phlius, his life, works, style, or ideas.
Of or relating to the French Catholic Sacred Heart congregation founded by Joseph-Marie Timon-David.

Timonian Timonians n
Timonien
A member of the French Catholic Sacred Heart congregation founded by Joseph-Marie Timon-David.

Timonism /ˈtaɪmənɪzəm/ Timonisms n
Timonisme timonisme
A form of bitter misanthropy, a despair leading to hatred or contemptuous rejection of mankind, like Timon of Athens.
A bitter or cynical utterance or behavior, in the manner of Timon of Athens.

Timonist /ˈtaɪmənɪst/ more Timonist most Timonist adj
Timoniste timoniste
Of a form of bitter misanthropy related to Timonism, like Timon of Athens.

Timonist /ˈtaɪmənɪst/ Timonists n
Timoniste timoniste
A sort of bitter misanthrope related to Timonism, like Timon of Athens.

Timonization Timonizations n
Timonisation timonisation
The transformation of someone into a bitter misanthrope, a Timonist, like Timon of Athens.

Timor Sea pn
mer de Timor
A sea situated between the island of Timor and Australia.

Timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ pn
Timothée
Either of two books in the New Testament (1 Timothy and 2 Timothy) which are epistles to Timothy.
A companion of Paul mentioned in the Bible.
A en given name of biblical origin, also borne by early Christian saints.

Tinkerbell Tinkerbells n
Clochette Fée Clochette
Anything whose existence or power depends on the faith of believers.

Tinkoff pn
Tinkoff Tinkov
A surname of Russian origin

Tippex n
tipex
(British, South Africa) A particular brand of correction fluid, or correction fluid in general.

Tirana /tɪˈɹɑː.nə/ pn
Tirana
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Tiresias pn
Tirésias
(Greek mythology) A long-lived blind soothsayer who participated over seven generations in the legendary history of (the Greek city) Thebes, noted also for being transformed into a woman for seven years, so being symbolic of androgyny.

Tironian note Tironian notes n
note tironienne
Any one of thousands of signs in a system of shorthand developed in the 60s BC by Cicero’s scribe Marcus Tullius Tiro.

Tirzah pn
Tirtsa
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Tishrei pn
Tichri
(Judaism) The first month of the civil year and the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year in the Jewish calendar, after Elul and before Cheshvan.

Tisiphone pn
Tisiphone
(Greek god, Roman god) One of the Erinyes/Dirae (Furies, the goddesses of vengeance), and a companion of Nemesis/Invidia.

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ Titans n
Titan
(mythology) Any of the race of giant gods in Greek mythology that preceded and was overthrown by the Olympian gods.

Titan /ˈtaɪtən/ pn
Titan
(astronomy) TemplateParserError:LuaError. The largest moon of the planet Saturn.

Titaness Titanesses n
Titanide
(Greek god) A female Titan, any of the daughters of Uranus and Gaia.

Titania /tɪˈtɑːni.ə/ pn
Titania
(astronomy) : The largest satellite of the planet Uranus.

Titanic /taɪˈtænɪk/ more Titanic most Titanic adj
titanesque titanique
(not comparable) Of or relating to the Titans, a race of giant gods in Greek mythology.
titanesque
(comparable) Having great size, or great force, power, or strength.

Titanic /taɪˈtænɪk/ pn
Titanic
The R.M.S. Titanic, an ocean liner, supposedly unsinkable, that sank on its maiden voyage on 15 April 1912 after colliding with an iceberg.

Titanomachy /ˌtaɪtəˈnɒməki/ pn
Titanomachie titanomachie
(Greek mythology) The mythological war between the Titans and the Olympian gods.

Tithonian pn
Tithonien
(geology, paleontology) A geological age or stage, from 152.1 ±0.9 to ~145.0 mya.

Titian /ˈtɪʃən/ pn
Titien le Titien
A sixteenth century Italian painter, Tiziano Vecellio.

Titianesque /tɪʃəˈnɛsk/ more Titianesque most Titianesque adj
titianesque
Suggesting the style of the painter Titian, with luminous colours and bold brushwork.

Titicaca pn
Titicaca
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Titus /ˈtaɪtəs/ pn
Tite
The seventeenth book of the New Testament of the Bible, the epistle to Titus.
Titus Caesar Vespasianus, a Roman Emperor who succeeded Vespasian and preceded Domitian.
A en given name.

Tivoli /ˈtɪ.və.li/ /ˈtɪ.və.lɪ/ pn
Tivoli
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Tlaloc /tləˈloʊk/ pn
Tlaloc
An important Mexica deity; god of rain, fertility and water.

Tlemcen /ˈtlɛmsɛn/ pn
Tlemcen
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Toarcian pn
Toarcien

Tobago /təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ pn
Tobago
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Tobias /təˈbaɪəs/ pn
Tobie
The main character in the Book of Tobit, regarded as apocryphal by most Protestants (Biblical character).
A en given name.

Tobol pn
Tobol

Tobolsk pn
Tobolsk

Tobruk /təˈbɹʊk/ pn
Tobrouk
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Tocantins /ˌtəʊkənˈtiːns/ pn
Tocantins
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Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ adj
tokharien
Of or pertaining to Tocharian or the Tocharians.

Tocharian /toʊˈkɑɹi.ən/ /toʊˈkɛɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɑːɹi.ən/ /təuˈkɛəɹi.ən/ pn
tokharien
(linguistics) An extinct branch of the Indo-European language family, consisting of two languages, Tocharian A and Tocharian B, written in an abugida derived from Brahmi.

Tocquevillian more Tocquevillian most Tocquevillian adj
tocquevillien
Of or pertaining to Alexis de Tocqueville, or characteristic of his democratic ideals.

Togo /ˈtoʊɡoʊ/ pn
Togo
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A surname.

Togolese adj
togolais togolaise
Of, from, or pertaining to Togo or its people.

Togolese Togolese n
Togolais Togolaise
A person from Togo or of Togolese descent.

Togolese Republic pn
République togolaise
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Toi Tois pn
Toi
A en given name

Tokelau /ˈtoʊkəlaʊ/ pn
Tokelau Tokélaou
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Tokelauan /toʊkəˈlaʊən/ more Tokelauan most Tokelauan adj
tokélaouan
Of, from, or pertaining to Tokelau, the Tokelauan people or language.

Tokelauan /toʊkəˈlaʊən/ Tokelauans n
tokelauan tokelauien
A person from Tokelau or of Tokelauan descent.

Tokelauan /toʊkəˈlaʊən/ pn
Tokélaouan
The Polynesian language of the Tokelauan people.

Tokyo /ˈtoʊ.ki.oʊ/ /ˈtoʊ.kjoʊ/ /ˈtəʊ.ki.əʊ/ pn
Tokyo Tōkyō
(metonym) The Japanese government.

Tokyoite more Tokyoite most Tokyoite adj
tokyote tokyoïte
Of or relating to Tokyo, the capital of Japan.

Tokyoite Tokyoites n
Tokyote Tokyoïte
An inhabitant or native of Tokyo.

Toledo /təˈleɪdəʊ/ /təˈliːdəʊ/ pn
Tolède
A surname from Spanish.

Tolkienian more Tolkienian most Tolkienian adj
tolkiénien

Tolstoyan more Tolstoyan most Tolstoyan adj
tolstoïen
Of or relating to Leo Tolstoy, the Russian writer.

Toltec Toltec Toltecs n
Toltèque
A member of a pre-Columbian Native American people who dominated much of central Mexico between the 10th and 12th centuries AD.

Tolyatti /toʊlˈjɑti/ /tɒˈljatɪ/ /tɔlˈjɑti/ /ˌtɒlɪˈatɪ/ pn
Togliatti
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Tom Thumb pn
Petit Poucet Tom Pouce
A fairy-tale character who is the size of a person's thumb; the protagonist and hero of the fairy tale The History of Tom Thumb.

Tom, Dick and Harry n
Pierre, Paul ou Jacques
Anybody or everybody; random or unknown people.

Tonga /ˈtoʊŋ.ə/ /ˈtɑŋ.ɡə/ /ˈtɒŋ.ə/ /ˈtɒŋ.ɡə/ /ˈtɔŋ.ɡə/ pn
Tonga
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Tongan /ˈtɒŋən/ /ˈtɒŋɡən/ Tongans n
tonguien tongien
(uncountable) An Austronesian language of the Polynesian branch spoken in Tonga.
Tongais Tongaise Tonganais Tonganaise Tongien Tongienne
(countable) A person from Tonga or of Tongan descent.

Tonkinese Tonkinese Tonkineses n
tonkinois
A domestic cat of a breed that is a cross between the Siamese and Burmese.

Torah /ˈtɔːɹə/ pn
Thora
The first five books of the Hebrew Scriptures, attributed to Moses and therefore also known as the Five Books of Moses.

Torbay sole Torbay soles n
fausse limande plie cynoglosse limande rouge
An Atlantic flatfish, Glyptocephalus cynoglossus; witch.

Toronto /təˈɹɑn(t)oʊ/ /təˈɹɑnoʊ/ [tʰəˈɹɑntʰo(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃o(ʊ)] [tʰəˈɹɑɾ̃ə] [tʰɹɑɾ̃ə] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃəˈɹɑnə] [t͡ʃɹɑno(ʊ)] [t͡ʃɹɑnə] pn
Toronto
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Torontonian /təˈɹɑn.(t)oʊ.ni.ən/ /təˈɹɒn.toʊ.ni.ən/ more Torontonian most Torontonian adj
torontois torontoise
Of, from, or pertaining to the city of Toronto, Canada.

Torontonian /təˈɹɑn.(t)oʊ.ni.ən/ /təˈɹɒn.toʊ.ni.ən/ Torontonians n
Torontois Torontoise
A native or inhabitant of Toronto.

Torres Strait /ˈtɒɹɪs ˈstɹeɪt/ pn
détroit de Torrès
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Torres Strait Islands pn
Îles du détroit de Torrès
A group of hundreds of small islands which lie in the Torres Strait, between Australia and New Guinea.

Tortonian pn
Tortonien

Tory /ˈtoɹ.i/ /ˈtɔː.ɹi/ Tories n
Tory
(UK politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party, which evolved from Royalist politicians; historically associated with upholding the rights of the monarchy and the privileges of the established Church.
(Canadian politics) A member or supporter of the Conservative Party of Canada, one of that party's predecessors, or an affiliated provincial political party.

Tosh pn
Tash Tosh
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Tosher Toshers n
Tosher
A member of the Tosh Hassidic community

Tosk pn
tosque
The variety of Albanian upon which Standard Albanian is based.

Toulon /tuːˈlɒn/ pn
Toulon
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Toulouse /tuːˈluːz/ /təˈluːz/ pn
Toulouse
A surname from French

Tour de France /ˌtʊə də ˈfɹɑːns/ /ˌtʊə də ˈfɹɒns/ /ˌtʊɹ də ˈfɹæns/ /ˌtʊɹ də ˈfɹɑns/ Tours de France pn
Tour de France
(cycle racing) An annual long-distance cycling race through France and other European countries.

Tourcoing pn
Tourcoing
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Tourette syndrome n
syndrome de la Tourette
(neurology) a neurological disorder characterized by the presence of physical and vocal tics.

Tournai pn
Tournai
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Tours pn
Tours
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Tourtouse pn
Tourtouse
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Tower of Babel pn
tour de Babel
(biblical) A tower erected at Babel by the descendants of Noah's son Ham to reach the sky, and whose completion God thwarted by making the workers speak different languages so that they were unable to understand one another.

Tower of London pn
tour de Londres
A riverside fortress in London, used as a palace, a prison and now a museum housing the Crown Jewels.

Towers Towers Towerses pn
De La Tour De Latour Delatour La Tour Latour Tours
A habitational surname.
(jocular) [after a name, typically that of the speaker/writer or publication] the putative palatial address of the named person or corporate entity

Toyland pn
pays des jouets
An imaginary land inhabited by living toys.

Toyota /taɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈoʊtə/ /tɔɪˈəʊtə/ [taɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] [tɔɪ̯ˈoʊ̯ɾə] Toyotas n
Toyota
(automotive) A car of the brand Toyota

Trabzon pn
Trébizonde
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Traditional Chinese pn
caractère traditionnel chinois traditionnel
Chinese written using the traditional form of Chinese characters, as opposed to Simplified Chinese (introduced by the PRC as script reform).

Trahan /tɹəˈhæn/ /ˈtɹeɪ.hæn/ Trahans pn
Trahan

Trajan /ˈtɹeɪ.d͡ʒən/ pn
Trajan
A Roman emperor who ruled from AD 98 to 117

Trans-Siberian adj
transsibérien
across Siberia, a vast region in the eastern Russia.

Transnistria /tɹænzˈnɪsˌtɹi.ə/ pn
Transnistrie
An autonomous territory within Moldova, not internationally recognized as a nation.

Transnistrian adj
transnistrien
From, or pertaining to, Transnistria or its people or culture.

Transoxiana pn
Transoxiane
(historical) An ancient portion of Central Asia, the region between the Amu Darya (Classical Oxus) and Syr Darya rivers, corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and southwest Kazakhstan.

Transoxianan more Transoxianan most Transoxianan adj
Transoxiane

Transylvania /tɹænsəlˈveɪni.ə/ pn
Transylvanie
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Trapani pn
Trapani
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Trappist Trappists n
trappiste
A monk or nun of the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (a branch of the Cistercians Roman Catholic religious brotherhood that use a particularly strict interpretation of the Rule of St Benedict).

Trasyanka pn
trasianka
A pidgin language or interlanguage combining elements of Russian and Belarusian, spoken in Belarus.

Tremadocian n
Trémadocien

Trentino pn
Trentin
The province of Trento, in north-east Italy, that forms part of the region of Trentino-Alto Adige

Trentino-Alto Adige pn
Trentin-Haut-Adige
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Trento /ˈtɹɛntoʊ/ pn
Trente
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Trepanier Trepaniers pn
Trépanier

Treviso pn
Trévise
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Triangulum Australe pn
Triangle austral
(constellation) A winter constellation of the southern sky, which has three bright stars that form a triangle. It lies north of the constellation Apus, between Ara and Circinus.

Triangulum Galaxy pn
galaxie du Triangle
(galaxy) A relatively nearby spiral galaxy in the Local Group, together with the Milky Way galaxy. It is at a distance of approximately 2.6 million light years from Earth, in the direction of the constellation Triangulum.

Triassic /tɹaɪˈæs.ɪk/ pn
Trias
(geology) A geologic period within the Mesozoic era, comprising lower, middle and upper epochs from about 250 to 200 million years ago.

Tribeca /tɹaɪˈbɛkə/ pn
Tribeca
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Tricity /ˌtɹaɪˈsɪti/ pn
Tricité Triville
A metropolitan area of Poland consisting of the three cities Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot

Tricolor pn
Tricolore
the French flag

Trier Triers pn
Trèves
A habitational surname from German.

Trieste /tɹiːˈɛst/ /tɹɪˈɛst/ pn
Trieste
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Triestine adj
triestin triestine
Of, from or relating to the Italian city of Trieste

Triestine Triestines n
Triestin Triestine
A native or resident of the Italian city of Trieste.

Trifluvian more Trifluvian most Trifluvian adj
Trifluvien
(Quebec) pertaining to the city of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county

Trifluvian Trifluvians n
Trifluvien Trifluvienne
(Quebec) A resident of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county.

Trifluvien more Trifluvien most Trifluvien adj
trifluvien
(Quebec) Of or pertaining to the city of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county.

Trifluvien Trifluviens n
Trifluvien Trifluvienne
(Quebec) A resident of Three Rivers (Trois-Rivières) or its surrounding county.

Trinidad pn
Trinité
An island of the Caribbean and part of Trinidad and Tobago.

Trinidad and Tobago /ˌtɹɪn.ə.dæd ænd təˈbeɪ.ɡoʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ə.dæd ænd təˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ɪ.dæd ænd toʊˈbeɪ.ɡoʊ/ /ˌtɹɪn.ɪ.dæd ænd təʊˈbeɪ.ɡəʊ/ pn
Trinité-et-Tobago Trinidad-et-Tobago
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Trinidadian /tɹɪ.nɪ.ˈdæ.diː.ən/ adj
trinidadien
Of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad or to the people or language of that country.

Trinidadian /tɹɪ.nɪ.ˈdæ.diː.ən/ Trinidadians n
Trinidadais Trinidadaise Trinidadien Trinidadienne
A person from Trinidad or descending from Trinidad.

Trinidadian and Tobagonian adj
trinidadien
Of, from, or pertaining to Trinidad and Tobago or to the people or language of that country. Trinidadian.

Trinidadian and Tobagonian Trinidadians Trinidadians and Tobagonians n
trinidadien trinidadienne
A person from Trinidad and Tobago or of descent of Trinidad and Tobago. A Trinidadian.

Trinitarian adj
trinitaire
Of or pertaining to the Trinity (the three persons of the Godhead) or to the doctrine of Trinity.

Trinity /ˈtɹɪ.nɪ.ti/ pn
Trinité
(Christianity) In Christian belief, the three persons (personae) of the Godhead: Father, Son and Holy Spirit.

Tripoli /tɹɪˈpoʊlə/ /ˈtɹɪpəli/ pn
Tripoli
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Tripolitan /tɹɪˈpɒlɪtən/ more Tripolitan most Tripolitan adj
tripolitain

Tripolitan /tɹɪˈpɒlɪtən/ Tripolitans n
Tripolitain Tripolitaine
Someone from Tripoli.

Tripolitania /ˌtɹɪpəlɪˈteɪni.ə/ pn
Tripolitaine
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Tristan /ˈtɹɪstən/ pn
Tristan
A en given name.
A en given name

Triton /ˈtɹaɪtən/ pn
Triton
(Greek god) A god of the sea, son of Poseidon.
(astronomy) The seventh moon of Neptune.

Troad /ˈtɹəʊ.æd/ /ˈtɹəʊ.əd/ pn
Troade
(historical) The Biga peninsula in the northwestern part of Anatolia, Turkey.

Troezen pn
Trézène

Troianovski Troianovskis pn
Troïanovski

Trois-Rivières /ˌt(ɹ)wɑ ɹɪ.ˈvjɛɹ/ pn
Trois-Rivières
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Trojan /ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/ /ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/ adj
troyen
Of, or relating to, the famed city of Troy or its inhabitants.
(astrophysics) Of, or relating to, a Trojan point.

Trojan /ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/ /ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/ Trojans n
Troyen Troyenne
A native or inhabitant of the ancient city of Troy.
(astrophysics) A Trojan asteroid.
(computing) A Trojan horse.
Troyen troyen Troyenne
(astrophysics) An object residing at a Trojan point.

Trojan War pn
guerre de Troie
(Greek mythology) A mythological decade-long war and siege, ending in the destruction of Troy, which, as described in Homer's Iliad, was waged by a coalition of Achaeans (Greeks) led by King Agamemnon against the Trojans to avenge the abduction of Helen, wife of the Spartan King Menelaus, by Paris, son of the Trojan King Priam.

Trojan asteroid Trojan asteroids n
astéroïde troyen troyen
(astrophysics) an asteroid occupying the Trojan points of the Sun-Jupiter system
(astrophysics) by extension, any asteroid occupying a Trojan point

Trojan horse Trojan horses n
cheval de Troie
(by extension) A subversive person or device placed within the ranks of the enemy.
cheval de Troie trojan
(computer security) A malicious program that is disguised as legitimate software.

Trojan horse pn
cheval de Troie
(Greek mythology) The hollow wooden horse by which the Greeks allegedly gained access to Ilium/Troy during the Trojan War.

Trojan point Trojan points n
point troyen
(astrophysics) the L4 and L5 Lagrange points of the Sun-Jupiter orbital configuration
(astrophysics) by extension, any L4 and L5 Lagrange points

Tromsø pn
Tromsø
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The eighth-largest city in Norway.

Tropic of Cancer pn
tropique du Cancer
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′north of the equator, marking the northern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the June solstice.

Tropic of Capricorn pn
tropique du Capricorne
(geography) The parallel of latitude 23°30′south of the equator, marking the southern boundary of the tropics; the sun is directly overhead at the December solstice.

Trotsky pn
Trotski Trotsky
A surname.

Trotskyism n
trotskisme
The left-wing political philosophy named after and based on the ideas of Leon Trotsky that is characterized by international socialism, opposition to Stalinism, the theory of permanent revolution and the theory of the vanguard party.

Trotskyite Trotskyites n
trotskiste
(derogatory) An advocate of the communist doctrines of Leon Trotsky (born Lev Davidovich Bronstein).

Troy /tɹɔɪ/ pn
Troie
(historical) An ancient city in what is now northwestern Turkey.

Troyes pn
Troyes
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Trudeaumania n
trudeaumanie

Trudel Trudels pn
Trudel

Trump /tɹʌmp/ Trumps pn
Trump
A surname from German.

Trumpian /ˈtɹʌmpɪən/ more Trumpian most Trumpian adj
trumpien
Resembling or pertaining to the philosophy, rhetoric, and style of Donald Trump, President of the United States from 2017 to 2021.

Trumpism /tɹʌmp.ɪsm/ Trumpisms n
trumpisme
A characteristic phrase or statement made by Donald Trump.

Trumpism /tɹʌmp.ɪsm/ pn
trumpisme
The philosophy and politics espoused by Donald Trump.

Trumpist adj
trumpiste

Truteau Truteaus pn
Truteau
A surname from French.

Trépanier Trépaniers pn
Trépanier

Tsakonian adj
tsakonien

Tsakonian Tsakonians n
Tsakonien Tsakonienne

Tsakonian pn
tsakonien
A Hellenic language spoken in Tsakonia, a part of the Peloponnese region of Greece.

Tsaritsyn pn
Tsaritsyne
(historical) The Russian city which was renamed Stalingrad in 1925 and then Volgograd in 1961.

Tskhinvali /ˈtskɪnvali/ pn
Tskhinval
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Tsonga /ˈsɒŋɡə/ /ˈtsɒŋɡə/ n
Tsonga
A large group of people who live in northern South Africa and southern Mozambique.

Tsonga /ˈsɒŋɡə/ /ˈtsɒŋɡə/ pn
tsonga
The Bantu language spoken by these people.

Tuamotus pn
Archipel des Tuamotu Îles Tuamotu
The largest chain of atolls in the world, situated in French Polynesia and spanning an area of the southern Pacific Ocean the size of Western Europe.

Tuareg /ˈtwɑɹ.ɛɡ/ /ˈtwɑː.ɹɛɡ/ Tuareg Tuaregs n
Touareg Targui
A member of a traditionally nomadic Berber people of the Sahara.

Tuareg /ˈtwɑɹ.ɛɡ/ /ˈtwɑː.ɹɛɡ/ pn
Touareg touareg
Any of various Berber languages spoken by the Tuareg people.

Tube pn
le métro londonien
(informal) The London Underground

Tucana pn
Toucan
(constellation) A spring constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a toucan. It lies south of the constellations Phoenix and Grus.

Tue Tues n
mar.
abbreviation of Tuesday

Tuesday /ˈt(j)uzdeɪ/ /ˈt(j)uzdi/ /ˈtjuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/ adv
mardi
(US, Canada) on Tuesday

Tuesday /ˈt(j)uzdeɪ/ /ˈt(j)uzdi/ /ˈtjuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːzd(e)ɪ/ /ˈt͡ʃʉːzdæe/ Tuesdays n
mardi
The third day of the week in many religious traditions, and the second day of the week in systems that use the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Monday and precedes Wednesday.

Tula pn
Toula
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Tulu pn
toulou
A Dravidian language of India with fewer than two million speakers, known as Tuluvas.

Tulunid adj
toulounide
Relating to the Tulunids.

Tumblr /ˈtʌmblɚ/ Tumblrs n
tumblr
A microblog on Tumblr.

Tungusic /tʊŋˈɡʊsɪk/ adj
toungouse
Of or pertaining to these languages or their speakers.

Tungusic /tʊŋˈɡʊsɪk/ pn
langues toungouses
A language family spoken in Inner Mongolia and parts of Siberia.

Tunis /ˈtjuːnɪs/ /ˈtuːnəs/ pn
Tunis
Tunis Governorate, TemplateParserError:LuaError, which includes the capital.
A city-state centered on the city of Tunis.

Tunisia /tjuːˈnɪzi.ə/ /tuˈniʒ.ə/ pn
Tunisie
The Republic of Tunisia, since 1956

Tunisian /tjuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪʒən/ adj
tunisien
Of, from, or pertaining to Tunisia, the Tunisian people or the Tunisian language.

Tunisian /tjuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪzi.ən/ /tuːˈnɪʒən/ Tunisians n
Tunisien Tunisienne
A person from Tunisia or of Tunisian descent.

Tunisian Arabic pn
arabe tunisien
A group of Arabic dialects spoken primarily in Tunisia.

Tupi /tuːˈpiː/ /ˈtuːpɪ/ pn
tupi
Any of the Tupian languages, especially Old Tupi or Nheengatu.

Tupperware Tupperware Tupperwares n
tupperware

Tupperware lady Tupperware ladies n
représentante Tupperware
A woman organising a Tupperware party.

Tupperware party Tupperware parties n
réunion Tupperware
A party arranged by Tupperware ladies in their homes to sell Tupperware on the party plan, as a direct marketing concept.

Turin /tjʊəˈɹɪn/ /təˈɹɪn/ Turins pn
Turin
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Other places:
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(countable) A surname.

Turinese adj
turinois
of or relating to Turin in Italy

Turinese Turinese n
Turinois Turinoise
a person from Turin

Turing machine Turing machines n
machine de Turing
(computing theory) An abstract computing machine that has a finite number of possible internal states and operates on an infinite memory tape by first reading a symbol from a cell in the tape, and then, deterministically, based on that symbol and the machine’s state, writing a symbol in that cell, moving to a neighboring cell, or changing state.

Turk /tɜːk/ /tɝk/ Turks n
Turc Turque
A person from Turkey or of Turkish ethnic descent. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

Turkestan /ˈtɜɹkɪˌstæn/ /ˌtɜɹkɪˈstæn/ /ˌtɜː(ɹ)kɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkestan
(historical) The regions of Central Asia lying between Siberia to the north; Tibet (Xizang) and Xinjiang, China, modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Iran to the south; the Gobi Desert to the east; and the Caspian Sea to the west.

Turkey /ˈtɜː.ki/ /ˈtɝ.ki/ pn
Turquie
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Turkic adj
turc turcique
Of or relating to this language group or the people who speak it.

Turkification n
turcification turcisation turquification turquisation
Making something more Turkish; assimilation (of a place, people etc) into a Turkic states or culture; introduction of Turks to an institution etc.

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] adj
turc
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkey, the Turkish people or the Turkish language.

Turkish /ˈtɜː.kɪʃ/ /ˈtɝ.kɪʃ/ [ˈtɐ˞.kɪʃ] [ˈtɚ.kɪʃ] pn
turc
The official language of Turkey, Republic of Cyprus (alongside Greek) and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

Turkish bath Turkish baths n
hammam
An establishment where these facilities are available.

Turkish coffee Turkish coffees n
café turc
Coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot, possibly with sugar, and serving it into a cup, where the dregs settle.

Turkish delight Turkish delights n
loukoum rahat-loukoum
A soft, sticky confection made from starch and sugar with various flavourings.

Turkism Turkisms n
turcisme
Turkish culture, religion and tradition.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ adj
turkmène
Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.

Turkmen /ˈtɜːk.mən/ /ˈtɝk.mən/ Turkmen Turkmens n
Turkmène turkmène
(countable) A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.
turkmène
(uncountable) A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.

Turkmenistan /tɚkˈmɛn.ɪ.stæn/ /ˌtɜːkmɛn.ɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Turkménistan
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Turkologist Turkologists n
turcologue
A scholar specializing in the languages, history or cultures of Turkic peoples, including for example Turkish, Kazakh, Uzbek, Azerbaijani, Kyrgyz, Uyghur, Tuvan, Altai, Shor, and Karakalpak.

Turkology n
turcologie
The study of the languages, history or culture of Turkic peoples.

Turks and Caicos Islands /ˈtɜː(ɹ)ks ən ˈkeɪkəs ˌaɪləndz/ pn
îles Turks-et-Caïcos îles Turques-et-Caïques
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Turku pn
Turku
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Turner syndrome n
syndrome de Turner
(medicine, medical genetics) A particular genetic condition, caused by partially or completely missing an X chromosome (monosomy), that leads to sterility and other issues.

Turnerian more Turnerian most Turnerian adj
turnérien
Of or relating to J. M. W. Turner (circa 1775 – 1851), British Romantic landscape painter, water-colourist, and printmaker.

Turtle Island pn
île de la Tortue
North America.

Tuscan /ˈtʌs.kən/ Tuscans n
Toscan Toscane
An individual from or inhabitant of Tuscany.

Tuscany /ˈtʌskəni/ pn
Toscane
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Tutankhamun /ˌtu.tæŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtu.tɑŋˈkɑ.mən/ /ˌtutn̩ˈkɑmən/ /ˌtuːtənˈkɑːmən/ pn
Toutânkhamon
Ancient Egyptian pharaoh known for his young age and his tomb, which was preserved intact to the modern age.

Tuvalu /tuˈvɑ.lu/ /tʉːˈvɐːlʉː/ /ˈtu.və.lu/ /ˈtuː.və.luː/ pn
Tuvalu
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Tuvaluan /tuːˈvɑluːən/ Tuvaluans n
Tuvaluan Touvalouéen Tuvalais
A person from Tuvalu or of Tuvaluan descent.

Tuyuca pn
tuyuca
The Tucanoan language of this people, being a postpositional agglutinative SOV language with five mandatory evidentiality paradigms (visual, nonvisual, apparent, secondhand, and assumed), and from 50 to 140 noun classes.

Tuzla pn
Tuzla
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Tweedledum and Tweedledee /ˌtwiːdəlˈdʌm ən ˌtwiːdəlˈdiː/ n
bonnet blanc, blanc bonnet
(pejorative) Two persons or organizations deemed indistinguishable in some way.
Tralalère et Tralali
(pejorative) A pair of people who spend a lot of time together, and look and act similarly.

Twelve Days of Christmas n
Douze jours de Noël
The season or time made up of the twelve days between Christmas and Epiphany; Christmas season, Christmas time, Christmastide, Twelvetide. The Christmas season traditionally ended with the feast of the Epiphany on January 6.

Twelver /ˈtwɛlvə(ɹ)/ Twelvers n
duodécimain duodécimaine

Twelverism pn
duodécimanisme

Twitter /ˈtwɪt.ə(ɹ)/ [ˈtʰw̥ɪɾɚ] pn
Twitter
(trademark) (since 2023), an online social networking service that enables users to send and read short messages (280 characters; originally 140).

Two Rivers pn
Deux Rivières Deux-Rivières
A placename:
Synonym of Mesopotamia.
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A habitational surname.

Tybi pn
Tybi
The fifth month of the later ancient Egyptian civil calendar and Coptic calendar, corresponding to the first month of the season of Peret. Since 25 BCE, when the calendar was reformed to include leap-days, Tybi has been in roughly January.

Tyche Tychai Tyches pn
Tyché
(Greek god, in the singular) The goddess of luck/fortune; counterpart of the Roman Fortuna.

Tychonic more Tychonic most Tychonic adj
tychonique

Tylenol /ˈtaɪləˌnɑl/ pn
Tylenol
(North America, pharmaceutical drug) A brand of acetaminophen

Tyne /taɪn/ /tɛin/ pn
Tyne
A coastal sea area that includes the mouth of this river

Tyne and Wear pn
Tyne and Wear
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TypeScript /ˈtʌɪpskɹɪpt/ pn
TypeScript
(scripting language) A scripting programming language that is a strongly-typed superset of JavaScript.

Typhon /ˈtaɪfɒn/ /ˈtaɪfən/ pn
Typhon
(Greek mythology) The most powerful and feared of all Greek monsters, having the head, arms, and torso of a man, and his bottom half consisting of countless dragons or serpents. Some stories also say that his hands ended in serpents and that he bears 100 heads. He is shrouded in giant wings, his eyes blaze a white fire, and his arms reach towards the stars.

Typhonomachy /ˌtaɪfəˈnɑməki/ /ˌtaɪfəˈnɒməki/ pn
Typhonomachie
(Greek mythology) The battle between Zeus and the fearsome monster Typhon

Tyrannosaurus rex /taɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/ /təˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs ˈɹɛks/ Tyrannosauri reges Tyrannosaurus rex Tyrannosaurus rexes n
tyrannosaure Tyrannosaurus rex
A giant carnivorous theropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous period.

Tyre /ˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ pn
Tyr
(historical) TemplateParserError:LuaError An ancient sea port and city state of Phoenicia, in present-day Lebanon.

Tyrol /taɪˈɹoʊl/ /tɪˈɹoʊl/ /ˈtaɪ.ɹoʊl/ /ˈtɪɹˌoʊl/ pn
Tyrol
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Tyrolean /taɪˈɹoʊl.i.ən/ /tɪˈɹoʊl.i.ən/ Tyroleans n
Tyrolien Tyrolienne
A native or inhabitant of Tyrol.

Tyrolese /tɪɹ.ə.ˈliz/ adj
tyrolien
Of or relating to Tyrol.

Tyrrhenian Sea pn
mer Tyrrhénienne mer Tyrrhène
A part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy, bounded by Corsica and Sardinia (west), Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, and Calabria (east), and Sicily (south).

Tyrtaeus pn
Tyrtée
An Ancient Greek name, particularly borne by a Greek elegiac poet who lived at Sparta about the middle of the 7th century BC.

Tyumen pn
Tioumen
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Tzotzil pn
tzotzil
A Mayan language of Chiapas, Mexico.

Tétouan pn
Tétouan
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Tórshavn pn
Torshavn
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Tübingen /ˈt(j)uːbɪŋən/ pn
Tübinghen
TemplateParserError:LuaError, on the Neckar, with a famous university; once capital of Würtemberg-Hohenzollern

U-turn U-turns n
demi-tour retournement volte-face
(literally) A turn in a vehicle carried out by driving in a semicircle in order to travel in the opposite direction.
demi-tour marche arrière revirement volte-face
(figuratively) A reversal of policy; an about-face, a backflip.

U.S. American U.S. Americans n
étasunien étasunienne états-unien états-unienne étatsunien étatsunienne
A person from the United States of America.

UAE /juː.eɪ.iː/ pn
EAU ÉAU
Initialism of United Arab Emirates.

UAV UAVs n
véhicule aérien sans pilote à bord
(aviation) Initialism of unmanned aerial vehicle; an unpiloted aircraft capable of controlled, sustained, level flight.

UDI UDIs n
DUI
Initialism of unilateral declaration of independence.

UEFA /juˈeɪfə/ pn
UEFA
Acronym of Union of European Football Associations.

UFO /ˈjufoʊ̯/ /ˈjuːfəʊ̯/ /ˈʌfoʊ̯/ /ˌjuˌɛfˈoʊ/ /ˌjuːɛfˈəʊ/ UFOs n
OVNI ovni
Initialism of unidentified flying object; (loosely) an alien spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

UK /juːˈkeɪ/ pn
R.-U. RU
Initialism of United Kingdom. [from 1883]

UN pn
ONU
Initialism of United Nations.

UN Security Council pn
Conseil de sécurité Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies
The permanent international peacekeeping organ of the United Nations.

UNC adj
FDC
(numismatic slang)

UNDP pn
PNUD
(UN) Initialism of w:United Nations Development Programme.

UNHCR pn
HCNUR
(UN) Initialism of w:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

UPS UPSes n
ASI ASSC
(electronics) Initialism of uninterruptible power supply/source

URL /ɜːl/ /ɝl/ /ˌjuˌɑɹˈɛl/ /ˌjuːˌɑːɹˈɛl/ URLs n
URL
Initialism of Uniform Resource Locator: the address of a web page, FTP site, audio stream or other Internet resource.

US /juː.ɛs/ pn
É-U
Initialism of United States.

US Virgin Islands pn
Iles Vierges américaines
A group of islands in the Caribbean that is a territory of the United States. Official name: Virgin Islands of the United States.

US dollar US dollars n
dollar américain
The official currency of the United States.

US-American adj
états-unien étatsunien
of, from or relating to the United States of America

USA /juː ɛs ˈeɪ/ /ˌju ˌɛs ˈeɪ/ pn
USA É.-U. ÉUA
(colloquial) Initialism of United States of America.

USAR /ˈju.sɑɹ/ n
SD sauvetage-déblaiement
Initialism of urban search and rescue.

USB port USB ports n
port USB
(computing) A socket on a personal computer or peripheral device into which a USB cable is plugged.

USMCA pn
ACEUM AEUMC
(trade, US) Initialism of w:United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.

USSR /ˌju.ɛs.ɛsˈɑ(ɹ)/ pn
URSS
Initialism of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

Uchentein pn
Uchentein
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Udi pn
oudi
A Lezgic language (Northeast Caucasian) spoken by the Udi people who live mostly in Azerbaijan and nearby regions. Probably descended from Caucasian Albanian.

Udine pn
Udine
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Udmurt adj
oudmourte
Of or pertaining to Udmurts, Udmurtia, or the Udmurt language.

Udmurt pn
oudmourte
A Finnic language spoken in Udmurtia, a republic of Russia.

Udmurtia pn
Oudmourtie
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Ufa /ˈjuːfə, uːˈfɑː/ pn
Oufa
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Uganda /(j)uˈɡændə/ /(j)uˈɡɑːndə/ pn
Ouganda
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Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ adj
ougandais ougandien
Of, from, or pertaining to Uganda, the Ugandan people or the Ugandan language.

Ugandan /juˈɡændən/ /juːˈɡændən/ /jʊ-/ Ugandans n
Ougandais Ougandaise Ougandien Ougandienne
A person from Uganda or of Ugandan descent.

Ukraine /juˈkɹeɪn/ /juːˈkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuˌkɹeɪn/ /ˈjuːˌkɹeɪn/ [ju̟ˈkɹeɪ̯n] [ˈjuˌkɹeɪ̯n] pn
Ukraine
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Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ adj
ukrainien ukrainienne
Relating to Ukraine or its people.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ Ukrainians n
Ukrainien Ukrainienne ukrainien
A citizen of Ukraine or a person of Ukrainian ethnicity.

Ukrainian /juˈkɹeɪ.ni.ən/ /juːˈkɹeɪ.nɪ.ən/ /jʊ-/ pn
ukrainien
The East Slavic language of Ukrainians, and the official language of Ukraine.

Ukrainian People's Republic pn
République populaire ukrainienne
The first state of Ukraine (1917–20). Government in exile (1921 - 1991)

Ukrainian SSR pn
RSS d'Ukraine
abbreviation of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic pn
République socialiste soviétique d'Ukraine
(historical) The Bolshevik state of Ukraine (1919–91), a constituent republic of the Soviet Union (1922–91).

Ukrainization Ukrainizations n
ukrainisation
The process or result of Ukrainizing.

Ukrainophobia n
ukrainophobie
The fear, hostility or prejudice towards Ukrainians or Ukraine.

Ukrainophobic adj
ukrainophobe
Showing Ukrainophobia.

Ukrainophone Ukrainophones n
ukrainophone
One who speaks Ukrainian.

Ulaanbaatar /ˌuːlɑːn ˈbɑːtə(ɹ)/ pn
Oulan Bator
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Ulan-Ude pn
Oulan-Oudé
The capital city of Buryatia, Russia.

Ulric /ʊl.ɹɪk/ pn
Ulric
A en given name

Ulrica pn
Ulrica Ulrique
A en given name, rare in English.

Ultima Thule pn
Ultima Thule Ultima Thulé Ultime Thulé

Uluru /uːluˈɹuː/ /ˈuːluɹuː/ pn
Uluru Ayers Rock
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Ulyanov pn
Oulianov
A transliteration of the Russian surname Улья́нов (Ulʹjánov).

Ulyanovsk /ʊlˈjɑːnɒfsk/ pn
Oulianovsk
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Uman pn
Ouman
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Umbria /ˈʊmbɹiə/ /ˈʌmbɹiə/ pn
Ombrie
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Umbrian /ˈʌmbɹi.ən/ Umbrians n
Ombrien Ombrienne
An inhabitant of Umbria.

Umbriel /ˈʌmbriəl/ pn
Umbriel
A moon of Uranus

Unac pn
Unac
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Uncle Sam /ˌəŋ-/ /ˌʌŋkl̩ ˈsæm/ /ˌʌŋkəl ˈsæm/ pn
Oncle Sam
(colloquial, originally, US) A personification of the United States federal government or (rare) citizens. [from early 19th c.]

Uncle Scrooge Uncle Scrooges n
picsou
A rich miser.

Unicode /ˈjunɪˌkoʊd/ /ˈjuːnɪˌkəʊd/ pn
Unicode
(international standards, computing) A series of character encoding standards intended to support the characters used by a large number of the world’s languages.

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics pn
Union des Républiques Socialistes Soviétiques
(historical) A nation in Eurasia that existed from December 30, 1922 to December 26, 1991.

Union of the Comoros pn
Union des Comores
Official name for the Comoros.

Unitarian more Unitarian most Unitarian adj
unitarien
Pertaining to Unitarianism.

Unitarian Unitarians n
unitarien-universaliste
A follower of Unitarian Universalism or a similar non-credal religion that originated historically from Christian Unitarianism.
A member of a political movement advocating a unitary state rather than a federal one, especially the Unitarios of nineteenth century Argentina (known as the Unitarian Party in English).

Unitarian Universalism pn
unitarisme-universalisme universalisme unitarien
A religion which encourages theological liberalism and an individual search for truth and the adherents of which draw on many different theological sources and have a wide range of beliefs and practices.

Unitarianism n
unitarisme
The religious belief that God is a single Person.

United Arab Emirates /juˌnaɪtɪd ˌæɹəb ˈɛmɪɹɪts/ pn
Émirats arabes unis Émirats Arabes Unis
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United Arab Republic pn
République Arabe Unie
Former (1958-61) country in the Middle East composed of the modern states of Egypt and Syria.

United Kingdom /juːˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jəˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ /jʊˌnaɪ.tɪd ˈkɪŋ.dəm/ pn
Royaume-Uni Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord
A kingdom and sovereign state in Western Europe comprising the four countries of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain, and Northern Ireland on the northeastern portion of the island of Ireland since 1922.

United Kingdom of Great Britain pn
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne
the Kingdom of Great Britain

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland pn
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande
The official name of the United Kingdom 1801-1927 (before being renamed by the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 following the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922).

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland /jʊˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm əv ˌɡɹeɪt ˈbɹɪtən ən ˌnɔː(ɹ)ðə(ɹ)n ˈaɪə(ɹ)lənd/ pn
Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d’Irlande du Nord Royaume-Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande du Nord
The official name of the United Kingdom (since 1927).

United Mexican States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈmɛk.sɪ.kən ˈsteɪts/ pn
États-Unis mexicains
The official name of Mexico.

United Nations /juˌnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz/ /jʊ-/ pn
Organisation des Nations Unies Nations Unies Organisation des Nations unies
(singular) An international coalition, founded in 1945 and headquartered in New York City, that aims to promote global co-operation and maintain international order.

United Nations Economic and Social Council pn
Conseil économique et social des Nations unies
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations, dedicated to coordinate global economical and social affairs.

United Nations General Assembly pn
Assemblée générale des Nations unies
One of the six principal organs of the United Nations and the only one in which all member nations have equal representation.

United Provinces pn
Provinces-Unies
(historical) A republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795; the predecessor state of the modern Netherlands.

United States /juˌnaɪtɪ̈d ˈsteɪts/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ /jʊˌnaɪtɨd ˈsteɪts/ [juˌnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d ˈsteɪ̯ts] [jɪ̈-] pn
États-Unis
(in the plural) The collection of individual states of the United States of America.

United States Virgin Islands pn
îles Vierges américaines îles Vierges des États-Unis
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United States minor outlying islands n
Îles mineures éloignées des États-Unis
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United States of America /juˌnaɪtəd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹəkə/ /juːˌnaɪtɨd ˌsteɪts əv əˈmɛɹɨkə/ pn
États-Unis d'Amérique États-Unis Amérique
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Universal Serial Bus n
USB
(computing) An international standard for interconnecting personal computer devices using simple plugs and sockets and lightweight cables.

Universiade Universiades n
Universiade
an international multi-sport event, organized for university athletes

Unix /ˈjuːnɪks/ Unices Unixen Unixes n
Unix
(computing, informal) Any of the above plus Unix-like operating systems similar to Unix but not qualifying for use of the UNIX trademark.

Unix time pn
heure Posix
A system for describing instants in time, defined as the number of seconds that have elapsed since 00:00:00 Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), Thursday, 1 January 1970, not counting leap seconds, used in Unix and many other operating systems.

Uno pn
Uno
A card game similar to crazy eights, played with specially printed cards that have colours instead of suits.

Unsupported titles/C`num` pn
C#
(programming) An object-oriented programming language, resembling Java in some respects, developed by Microsoft Corporation as part of their .NET Framework initiative.

Unzent pn
Unzent
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Upanishad Upanishads n
upanishad
Any of a set of authorless Hindu religious and philosophical texts considered to be an early source of the religion, found mostly as the concluding part of the Brahmanas and in the Aranyakas.

Upper Austria pn
Haute-Autriche
TemplateParserError:LuaError, with its capital in Linz.

Upper Canada /ˈʌpɚ ˈkænədə/ pn
Haut-Canada
(historical) A former British colony located in what is now southern Ontario.

Upper Egypt pn
Haute-Égypte
(Egyptology) The part of Ancient Egypt south of Memphis, so named because the Nile flows south to north.

Upper Normandy pn
Haute-Normandie
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Upper Silesia pn
Haute-Silésie
The south-eastern part of Silesia, today mostly within Polish borders with a small strip located in the Czech Republic.

Upper Sorbian pn
haut-sorabe
a Slavic language spoken in part of Saxony

Upper Volta pn
Haute-Volta
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Uppsala /ʊpˈsɑlə/ /ˈʊpsɑːlə/ pn
Uppsala
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Ural /ˈjʊəɹəl/ /ˈʊəɹɑːl/ pn
Oural
A river that rises in the Urals and flows through Russia and Kazakhstan

Ural Mountains pn
monts Oural
a range of mountains in Russia that stretch from the Arctic to the Caspian Sea; traditionally, the border between Europe and Asia

Ural owl Ural owls n
chouette de l'Oural
A Eurasian species of owl, Strix uralensis

Uralic /jʊəˈɹælɪk/ adj
ouralien
Pertaining to the Finno-Ugric and Samoyedic peoples, whose urheimat was the Ural Mountains, or to their languages, which constitute a language family, the Uralic languages.

Urania /jʊˈɹeɪ.ni.ə/ pn
Uranie
(Greek god) The Muse of astronomy.

Uranian /jʊˈɹeɪniən/ /jʊˈɹeɪnɪən/ adj
uranien uranienne
(comparable, literary, poetic) Celestial, heavenly; uranic.
uranien
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to the planet Uranus. [from 1830s]

Uranian /jʊˈɹeɪniən/ /jʊˈɹeɪnɪən/ Uranians n
uranien uraniste
(literary, archaic) A male homosexual; also, a pederast; a man engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy.
Uranien Uranienne
(chiefly, science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Uranus. [from 1830s]

Uranus /juˈɹeɪnəs/ /jʊˈɹeɪnəs/ /ˈjʊɹənəs/ pn
Uranus
(astronomy) The seventh planet in our solar system, discovered in 1781 by William Herschel.
Ouranos Uranus
(Greek mythology) The Greek god who personified the sky and heavens and fathered the Titans. Roman counterpart: Caelus.

Urartian /ʊˈɹɑːtɪən/ adj
ourartéen
Relating to the ancient kingdom of Urartu in the Armenian Highland.

Urartian /ʊˈɹɑːtɪən/ Urartians n
Ourartéen
An inhabitant of Urartu.

Urban Urbans pn
Urbain
(uncommon) A en given name

Urdu /ˈɜːˌduː/ /ˈʊəɹduː/ /ˈʊəˌduː/ adj
ourdou ourdoue
Of or relating to the Urdu language.

Urdu /ˈɜːˌduː/ /ˈʊəɹduː/ /ˈʊəˌduː/ pn
ourdou
Modern Standard Urdu, an Indo-Aryan language with native speakers mainly in Pakistan and North India. It is a standardized and Persianized version of Hindustani.

Uri /ˈuːɹi/ pn
Uri
A city in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir.

Uriah /jʊəˈɹaɪə/ pn
Urie
(rather rare) A en given name of Biblical origin.

Urim and Thummim n
Ourim et Toumim
Certain sacred objects (whose precise form and nature is unknown) that were worn on the breastplate of the Jewish high priest, as described in the Bible, and used in divination or casting lots. [from 16th c.]

Ursa Major /ˌɝsə ˈmeɪdʒɚ/ pn
Grande Ourse
(constellation) A large circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism the Big Dipper and the stars Mizar, Dubhe, and Alkaid.

Ursa Minor /ˌɝsə ˈmaɪnɚ/ pn
Petite Ourse
(constellation) A circumpolar constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a bear. It includes the familiar asterism of the Little Dipper and, as part of it, the northern pole star Polaris, as well as Kochab.

Ursula /ˈɜː(ɹ).sjʊ.lə/ /ˈɜː(ɹ).ʃʊ.lə/ /ˈɝ.sə.lə/ pn
Ursule
A en given name.

Uruguay /ˈjʊə.ɹə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈjʊɹ.ə.ɡwaɪ/ /ˈʊɹ.ə.ɡweɪ/ pn
Uruguay
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Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ adj
uruguayen
Of, from, or pertaining to Uruguay, the Uruguayan people or the Uruguayan language.

Uruguayan /uɹuˈɡwaɪən/ Uruguayans n
Uruguayen Uruguayenne
A person from Uruguay or of Uruguayan descent.

Usedom pn
Usedom
An island in the Baltic Sea on the border between Germany and Poland.

Usenet /ˈjuːz.nɛt/ pn
Usenet
(Internet) A world-wide distributed discussion system consisting of newsgroups classified hierarchically by subject.

Usenetter Usenetters n
useneteur
A user of Usenet.

Ushant pn
Ouessant

Usonian /juːˈsoʊni.ən/ adj
étasunien états-unien étatsunien

Usonian /juːˈsoʊni.ən/ Usonians n
Étasunien États-Unien Étatsunien
An inhabitant or citizen of the United States of America.

Ussuriysk pn
Oussouriisk
A city in Primorsky Krai, Russia.

Ust-Luga pn
Oust-Louga
One of Russia's major ports, near Saint Petersburg.

Utah /ˈjuːˌtɑː/ /ˈjuːˌtɔː/ pn
Utah
University of Utah.

Utraquism n
utraquisme
(historical, Christianity) The moderate Hussite ideology that the faithful, specifically including laity, should receive Communion under both kinds (sub utraque specie), that is to say, receive both bread and wine during the Eucharist; moderate Hussitism.

Utraquist Utraquists n
calixtin ultraquiste
A follower of Utraquism, a moderate Hussite.

Utrecht /juːˈtɹɛxt/ /ˈjuˌtɹɛkt/ /ˈjuˌtɹɛxt/ pn
Utrecht
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Utrecht velvet Utrecht velvets n
velours d'Utrecht
A thick mohair or cotton plush used for upholstering.

Utsunomiya pn
Utsunomiya
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Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ Uyghur Uyghurs n
ouïghour
A member of a Turkic ethnic group living in northwestern China and southeastern Kazakhstan.

Uyghur /ˈwiːɡ(ʊ)ə/ /ˈwiːɡɚ/ pn
ouïghour ouïgour
The language of the Uyghur people.

Uyghuristan /-ˈstæn/ /ˌuːɪ-/ /ˌwiɡəɹɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Ouïghouristan
An area in Central Asia which is inhabited by Uyghurs.

Uzbek more Uzbek most Uzbek adj
ouzbek
Of, from, or pertaining to Uzbekistan, the Uzbek people or the Uzbek language.

Uzbek Uzbeks n
Ouzbek Ouzbèke
A person from Uzbekistan or of Uzbek descent.

Uzbek pn
ouzbek turk-oriental
The language of Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan /ʊzˌbɛkɪˈstɑːn/ pn
Ouzbékistan
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Uzhhorod pn
Oujgorod Oujhorod
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V sign V signs n
signe V
A sign of victory or peace made by raising the index and middle fingers with the palm outwards.

V-neck V-necks n
col en V
A V-shaped neckline on a garment such as a pullover, usually at the front of the garment.

VAT /væt/ /ˌviːeɪˈtiː/ n
TVA
(taxation) Initialism of value added tax.

VF adj
TTB
(philately) Initialism of very fine.
(numismatic slang) Initialism of very fine.

VFS n
VFS
(computing) Initialism of virtual file system.
Initialism of voice feminization surgery.

VG adj
B
(numismatics, bookselling, music, slang) Initialism of very good (condition).

VJ VJs n
VJ
Initialism of video jockey.
JRI
Initialism of video journalist.

VP VPs n
SV
(linguistics) Initialism of verb phrase.

VPN VPNs n
RPV VPN vépéenne
(computing) Initialism of virtual private network.

VSL pn
VSL
Ville Saint Laurent (Ville St. Laurent) — a municipality in the province of Quebec, Canada

Vachon Vachons pn
Vachon

Vadodara pn
Vadodara
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Vaduz /vəˈduːts/ pn
Vaduz
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Vaillancourt Vaillancourts pn
Vaillancourt

Vaisheshika pn
Vaisheshika
A particular school of Hindu philosophy from ancient India.

Val Marie pn
Val Marie
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Val-d'Oise pn
Val-d'Oise
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Val-d'Or pn
Val-d'Or

Val-de-Marne /vɑːl ˈdə mɑɹn/ /vɑːl ˈdə mɑːn/ pn
Val-de-Marne
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Valais /væˈleɪ/ /ˈvæleɪ/ pn
Valais
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Vale of Tempe pn
vallée de Tempé
The ancient name of a gorge in northern Thessaly, Greece, located between Olympus to the north and Ossa to the south.

Valence pn
Valence
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Valencia /vəˈlɛnsi.ə/ pn
Valence
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Valencia
Several places in the Philippines:

Valencian /vəˈlɛnsi.ən/ adj
valencien
From or relating to Valencia, its people, or its language.

Valencian /vəˈlɛnsi.ən/ Valencians n
Valencien Valencienne Valençais Valençois
An inhabitant of Valencia.

Valencian /vəˈlɛnsi.ən/ pn
valencien
One of the standard varieties of the Catalan language spoken primarily in Valencia.

Valencian Community pn
Communauté valencienne Pays valencien
TemplateParserError:LuaError located in the eastern part of the Iberian Peninsula. Area: 23,255 sq km (8,979 sq mi). Population (2009): 5,111,706. Historically, a kingdom also including the town of Caudete.

Valenciennes /vəˌlɛnsiˈɛn/ /ˌvælənsiˈɛn/ /ˌvælənsiˈɛnz/ pn
Valenciennes
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Valens pn
Valens
a Roman cognomen

Valentina pn
Valentine
A en given name, feminine form of Valentine.

Valentine /ˈvæləntaɪn/ Valentines n
Valentin
male given name

Valentinian pn
Valentinien
a Roman cognomen

Valerian pn
Valérien
a Roman cognomen, notably borne by Publius Licinius Valerianus, a Roman emperor

Valerie pn
Valérie
A en given name

Valerius pn
Valéry
A en given name of mostly historical use in English.

Valetudo pn
Valétudo
(mythology) Roman goddess of health and hygiene (equivalent to the Greek Hygieia), great-granddaughter of Jupiter.
(astronomy) One of the moons of the planet Jupiter.

Valhalla /vælˈhælə/ /vɑlˈhɑlə/ pn
Valhalla Walhalla Valhalle valhalla walhalla
(Norse mythology) The home of half of all warriors who died gloriously in battle as well as many of the Æsir.

Valle d'Aosta /ˌvaleɪ dɑːˈɒstə/ pn
Val d'Aoste Vallée d'Aoste
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Valletta /vəˈlɛtə/ pn
La Valette
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Vallettan more Vallettan most Vallettan adj
valettin
Of or pertaining to Valletta.

Vallettan Vallettans n
Valettin Valettine
A native or inhabitant of Valletta.

Valley of the Kings pn
Vallée des rois
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Valley of the Sun pn
Vallée du soleil
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Valparaiso pn
Valparaíso
Alternative spelling of Valparaíso; a port city in Chile.

Van Allen belt Van Allen belts n
ceinture de Van Allen
(astrophysics) Synonym of Van Allen radiation belt

Van Allen radiation belt Van Allen radiation belts n
ceinture de radiations de Van Allen
(astronomy, physics) Either of two torus-shaped areas of high-energy charged particles which partly surround Earth, trapped by its magnetic field. The areas are characterised by intense radiation. When the belts "overload", particles strike the upper atmosphere and fluoresce, causing the polar aurora.

Van Halen Van Halens pn
van Halen
A surname from Dutch.

Vancouver /vænˈkuː.vɚ/ /væŋˈkuː.vɚ/ Vancouvers pn
Vancouver
(attributive) The Vancouver system of reference citation.

Vancouver Island pn
Île de Vancouver
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Vancouverite Vancouverites n
Vancouverois Vancouvérois
(Canada) A native or resident of Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Vandal Vandals n
Vandale
(historical) A member of an ancient east Germanic tribe famous for sacking Rome.

Vandalic /vænˈdæl.ɪk/ adj
vandale
Of or pertaining to the Vandals (the Germanic tribe).

Vandalic /vænˈdæl.ɪk/ pn
vandale
The extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Vandals, probably closely related to the Gothic language.

Vanessa /vəˈnɛsə/ pn
Vanessa
A en given name.

Vanir pn
Vanes
The principal deities, as a group, of the Norse pantheon that represent chaos, fertility, and cultivation; opponents of the Æsir.

Vanuatu /væn.uːˈɑː.tuː/ /vɑ.nuˈɑ.tu/ /ˌvænuːˈaːtuː/ pn
Vanuatu
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Vanuatuan adj
vanuatais
Of, from, or pertaining to Vanuatu, the Vanuatuan people or the Vanuatuan language.

Vanuatuan Vanuatuans n
Vanouatais Vanuatais Vanuatan
A person from Vanuatu or of Vanuatuan descent.

Var pn
Var
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Varanasi pn
Bénarès
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Varangian /vəˈɹæn.d͡ʒi.ən/ Varangians n
Varègue
(historical) A member of the ethnically Scandinavian people around the borders of Constantinople in the ninth and tenth centuries.

Varese pn
Varèse
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Varsovian /vɑː(ɹ)ˈsəʊviən/ adj
varsovien
Of, from or pertaining to Warsaw.

Varsovian /vɑː(ɹ)ˈsəʊviən/ Varsovians n
Varsovien Varsovienne
Someone living in or originating from Warsaw.

Varus pn
Varus
a Roman cognomen

Varuzhan /vəˈɹuʒən/ pn
Varoujan
A transliteration of the Armenian male given name Վարուժան (Varužan).

Vashkivtsi pn
Vachkivtsi
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Vasylkiv pn
Vassylkiv
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Vatakara pn
Bargaret

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ adj
vatican
Relating to the Vatican City state.

Vatican /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən/ pn
Vatican
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The Vatican Hill in Rome, where the palace and Vatican City are located.

Vatican City /ˈvæ.tɪ.kən ˈsɪt.i/ pn
Vatican Cité du Vatican
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Vatican City State pn
État de la Cité du Vatican
The official name of Vatican City.

Vaticanology n
vaticanologie
the study of the politics, decisions and functioning of the Vatican

Vaucluse pn
Vaucluse
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Vaud pn
Vaud
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Vaughan /vɔːn/ pn
Vaughan
A surname from Welsh.
A en given name.
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Veda /ˈveɪdə/ Vedas pn
véda
(Hinduism) Any of a large body of texts originating in Ancient India. They form the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism.

Vedic /ˈveɪdɪk/ adj
védique
Of or relating to the Sanskrit language of the Vedas

Vedic Sanskrit pn
védique
The earliest and most archaic form of Sanskrit, as used in the Vedas.

Vega /ˈveɪɡə/ pn
Véga
(star) The brightest star in the constellation Lyra; Alpha (α) Lyrae. It forms one corner of the Summer Triangle.

Vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ Vegans n
Végan Végane
(science fiction) Someone from the vicinity of the star Vega.

Vegemite /ˈve.d͡ʒi.mɑɪt/ /ˈvɛ.d͡ʒɪ.maɪt/ pn
Végémite
(Australia, New Zealand) An Australian food paste made from brewers' yeast.

Vehm pn
Sainte-Vehme
(historical) A Westphalian tribunal system during the Middle Ages.

Vehmic adj
vehmique
(historical) Of or pertaining to the Vehm, a Westphalian tribunal system during the Middle Ages.

Veii pn
Véies
(historical) In ancient times, an important Etruscan city 16 km (9.9 mi) NNW of Rome, Italy.

Vela pn
Voiles
(constellation) A spring constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble the sails of a ship. Until 1763, it was part of a larger constellation, Argo Navis.

Velazquezian more Velazquezian most Velazquezian adj
vélasquézien
Of, or characteristic of Diego Velázquez, or his art.

Velcro /ˈvɛlkɹoʊ/ /ˈvɛlkɹəʊ/ pn
velcro
A fastener consisting of two strips of fabric, one covered with minute fiber hooks and the other with tiny fiber loops, which stick strongly together but can be pulled apart.

Velcro /ˈvɛlkɹoʊ/ /ˈvɛlkɹəʊ/ v
velcroter
To fasten with Velcro.

Veles pn
Vélès
(Slavic god) The pagan Slavic god of the fertile earth, livestock, waters, and the underworld, often portrayed as a chimera.

Veliky Novgorod /vəˈliː.ki ˈnɑv.ɡə.ɹɑd/ /vəˈliː.ki ˈnɒv.ɡə.ɹɒd/ /vɪˈliː.ki ˈnɔːv.ɡə.ɹət/ pn
Novgorod Veliky Novgorod la Grande
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Velvet Revolution Velvet Revolutions n
révolution de velours
Any non-violent political revolution, especially the events in Czechoslovakia that led to the velvet divorce.

Vendean adj
vendéen
Of or from the Vendée

Vendée /vɒ̃ˈdeɪ/ pn
Vendée
A river in the south-east of the département.

Vendémiaire /vɛnˌdɛmɪˈɛː/ /ˌvɑndəˈmjɛəɹ/ /ˌvɑ̃deɪˈmjɛəɹ/ Vendémiaires pn
vendémiaire
(historical) The first month of the French Republican Calendar, starting on the date of the autumnal equinox (September 22, 23 or 24) and ending on October 21, 22 or 23.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ adj
vénitien
Of, from, or relating to Venice, Italian city.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ Venetians n
Vénitien Vénitienne
An inhabitant or a resident of Venice, the city.

Venetian /vəˈniʃən/ /vɪˈniːʃən/ pn
vénitien
The Romance language spoken mostly in the Veneto region of Italy.

Venetian blind Venetian blinds n
store vénitien jalousie
A blind consisting of overlapping horizontal, flat slats, usually made of metal, vinyl or wood, that can be tilted so as to let in more or less light.

Venetic /vəˈnɛtɪk/ adj
vénète
of or pertaining to the Veneti people, their language or culture, or to the Veneto

Venetic /vəˈnɛtɪk/ pn
vénète
An extinct Indo-European language that was spoken in ancient times by the Veneti tribe in the North-Italian Veneto and modern Slovenia, between the Po River delta and the southern fringe of the Alps. It should not be confused with Venetian, a Romance language presently spoken in the same region.

Veneto /ˈvɛnətoʊ/ pn
Vénétie
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Venezuela /ˌvɛn.əˈzweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɛzˈweɪ.lə/ /ˌvɛn.ɪˈzweɪ.lə/ pn
Venezuela Vénézuéla
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Venezuelan adj
vénézuélien vénézuélienne
Of, from, or pertaining to Venezuela or the Venezuelan people.

Venezuelan Venezuelans n
Vénézuélien Vénézuélienne
A person from Venezuela or of Venezuelan descent.

Venice /ˈvɛnɪs/ Venices pn
Venise
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Venn diagram Venn diagrams n
diagramme de Venn
(set theory) A diagram representing some sets by contours of closed shapes, such as circles or ellipses (and sometimes also the universal set as a rectangle enclosing all of these shapes), and indicating the relationships between the sets: by overlapping the shapes to show that the corresponding sets have a non-empty intersection, and by possibly (but not necessarily) enclosing all of the sets (which are proper subsets of the universal set) within a universal set (represented typically by a rectangle); such that the total number of simply connected regions is 2^n, where n is the number of depicted sets which are proper subsets of the universal set.

Ventimiglia pn
Vintimille
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Ventôse /vɑnˈtoʊz/ /vɒ̃ˈtəʊz/ Ventôses pn
ventôse
(historical) The sixth month of the French Republican Calendar, from February 19, 20 or 21 to March 20 or 21.

Venus /ˈvinəs/ /ˈviːnəs/ [ˈvinɪ̈s] [ˈvɛ.nɐs] Venuses pn
Vénus
(astronomy) The second planet in the Solar system, named for the goddess; represented in astronomy and astrology by ♀.
(Roman god) The goddess of love, beauty, fertility, and sexuality; the Roman counterpart of Aphrodite.

Venus de Milo pn
Vénus de Milo
An ancient Greek sculpture believed to depict Aphrodite (Venus to Romans).

Venus flytrap Venus flytraps n
dionée
An insectivorous plant of the savannas of North and South Carolina, Dionaea muscipula; the leaves are hinged and bordered with stiff hairs, and close when an insect alights on them.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ adj
vénusien vénusienne
Of or relating to inhabitants of Venus.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ Venusians n
Vénusien Vénusienne
(science fiction) An inhabitant of the planet Venus.

Venusian /vəˈnjuː.si.ən/ /vəˈnjuː.sjən/ /vəˈnuʃən/ /vəˈnuʒən/ pn
vénusien
(science fiction) A hypothetical language spoken on Venus.

Veps pn
vepse
The Veps language, spoken by the Vepses, belonging to the Finnic group of the Finno-Ugric languages.

Vera /ˈvɪə.ɹə/ pn
Vera Véra
A en given name.

Veracruz Veracruzes pn
Veracruz
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A surname from Spanish.

Vercelli pn
Verceil
A town, and associated province in Piedmont, Italy.

Vercingetorix /vɜː(ɹ).sɪnˈd͡ʒɛ.tə.ɹɪks/ pn
Vercingétorix
72 BCE–46 BCE, the chieftain of the Arverni, leader of the great Gallic revolt against the Romans in 53–52 BCE.

Verdian more Verdian most Verdian adj
verdien
Of or pertaining to Giuseppe Verdi, Italian opera composer.

Verdun /və(ɹ)ˈdɜ̃/ /və(ɹ)ˈdʌn/ pn
Verdun
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Veria pn
Véria
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Verkhoyansk pn
Verkhoïansk
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Vermont /vəɹˈmaʊnt/ /vəˈmɒnt/ /vɚˈmɑnt/ /ˈvɜːmɒnt/ [vɚˈmɑn(ʔ)t̚] [vɚˈmɑ̃ʔ] pn
Vermont
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Verne Vernes pn
Verne
(countable) A surname from French.

Vernon /ˈvɜːnən/ /ˈvɝnən/ pn
Vernon
An English habitational surname from Anglo-Norman, originally a Norman baronial name, derived from the town in Normandy.

Verona /vɪˈɹəʊnə/ pn
Vérone
A city straddling the river Adige in Veneto, northern Italy, and the capital city of the province of the same name.

Veronica /vəˈɹɒnɪkə/ pn
Véronique
A en given name.

Verove Veroves pn
Vérove

Versaillais adj
versaillais

Versaillais Versaillais n
Versaillais Versaillaise

Versailles /vɚˈsaɪ/ /vɚˈzaɪ/ /vɛəˈsaɪ/ pn
Versailles
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(by ellipsis) The Palace of Versailles.
(by ellipsis, historical) The Treaty of Versailles (1919).

Verstappen Verstappens pn
Verstappen

Vespasian /vɛsˈpeɪzi.ən/ /vɛsˈpeɪʒi.ən/ pn
Vespasien
a Roman cognomen, notably borne by Titus Flavius Vespasianus, the Roman emperor from AD 69 to 79

Vespers pn
vêpres
(Christianity) A Christian service held in the late afternoon or early evening; evensong

Vesta /vɛstə/ pn
Vesta
(Roman god) The virgin goddess of the hearth, fire, and the household, and therefore a deity of domestic life. The Roman counterpart of Hestia.
(astronomy) The fourth asteroid discovered, and second largest, (4) Vesta.

Vesuvius /vəˈsu.vi.əs/ pn
Vésuve
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Vettel Vettels pn
Vettel

Veurne /ˈvɜː(ɹ)nə/ pn
Furnes
a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders

Vezina Vezinas pn
Vézina

Vianden pn
Vianden
One of the twelve cantons of Luxembourg, located in the north-east of the country.
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Viau Viaus pn
Viau

Vicenza pn
Vicence
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Vichy /ˈviːʃi/ pn
Vichy
(historical, figurative, metonym) Vichy France; the Vichy French government.
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Vico /ˈviːkoʊ/ pn
Vico
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Victor /ˈvɪk.tə(ɹ)/ pn
Victor
A en given name.

Victoria /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹi.ə/ Victoriae Victorias pn
Victoria
(Roman goddess) The Roman goddess of victory, the counterpart of the Greek goddess Nike.
Victoire Victoria
A en given name.

Victoria Cross Victoria Crosses n
croix de Victoria
The highest military award in the honours system of the United Kingdom, and some members of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Victoria Day pn
Fête de la Reine
(Canada) A holiday commemorating the birthdays of Queen Victoria and the reigning monarch of Canada, falling on the last Monday before May 25.

Victoria Falls pn
chutes Victoria
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Victorian /vɪkˈtɔ.ɹi.ən/ /vɪkˈtɔː.ɹɪ.ən/ more Victorian most Victorian adj
victorien
Of or relating to the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901, or that period.
(architecture) Of the style of architecture or furnishings of that period.
(figuratively) Of or displaying the (supposed) ideals or standards of morality of that period; conservative; also, old-fashioned, out-of-date.

Victoriatown pn
Victoriatown

Victoriaville pn
Victoriaville

Victory Day Victory Days n
Jour de la Victoire
Any of various public holidays in various countries to commemorate victories in important battles or wars in the countries' history.

Vidian /ˈvɪd.i.ən/ adj
vidien
(anatomy) Of or relating to the Italian anatomist Guido Guidi (latinized name Vidus Vidius).

Vidian nerve Vidian nerves n
nerf vidien
(neuroanatomy) .

Vienna /vaɪˈi.nə/ /vaɪˈæ.nə/ /vaɪˈɛ.nə/ /viˈɛ.nə/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.nə/ pn
Vienne
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A en given name.

Vienna sausage Vienna sausages n
saucisse de Francfort

Vienne pn
Vienne
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Viennese /ˌviː.əˈniːz/ more Viennese most Viennese adj
viennois Viennois
Of or relating to Vienna (the capital of Austria).

Viennese /ˌviː.əˈniːz/ Viennese n
Viennois Viennoise
An inhabitant or resident of Vienna.

Viennese waltz Viennese waltzes n
valse viennoise
A ballroom dance based on the waltz where the couple is constantly performing turns and pirouettes.

Viennois pn
Viennois

Vientiane /viˌɛntiˈɑːn/ /ˌvjɛnˈtjɑːn/ pn
Vientiane
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Vietic adj
vietique vietiques

Vietnam /(ˈ)vitˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vitˈnɑm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnæm/ /(ˈ)viːətˈnɑːm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnæm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnɑm/ /(ˈ)vjɛtˈnɑːm/ /ˌvi.ətˈnæm/ /ˌvi.ətˈnɑm/ /ˌvjɛʔˈnɑːm/ pn
Vietnam Viêt Nam Viêtnam
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(chiefly, US, colloquial) The Vietnam War.

Vietnam War pn
Guerre du Vietnam
(historical) The war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia between 1955 and 1975 between South Vietnam (backed by the United States and SEATO) and North Vietnam aiding the South Vietnamese communist guerrilla army known as the Vietcong (supported by the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union) for the struggle for total Communist control of Vietnam as one state.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ adj
vietnamien
Of or pertaining to Vietnam.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ Vietnamese n
Vietnamien Vietnamienne niakoué vietnamien
(countable, chiefly, in the plural) A person/people from Vietnam or of Vietnamese descent.
(uncountable) Vietnamese cuisine; traditional Vietnamese food.

Vietnamese /viˌɛt.nəˈmiːz/ /ˌviː.ət.nəˈmiːz/ pn
vietnamien
The Austroasiatic language spoken predominantly in Vietnam.

Vieux-Fort pn
Vieux-Fort
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Vigneron Vignerons pn
Vigneron

Viking /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/ Vikings n
Viking viking
(historical) Scandinavian/Northern European seafarers, most familiarly raiders and pirates during the Viking age.

Viking disease n
maladie des Vikings
(informal) Dupuytren's contracture

Vilnian adj
vilnois
From Vilnius

Vilnian Vilnians n
vilnois vilnoise
A person from, or an inhabitant of, Vilnius.

Vilnius /ˈvɪlni.əs/ /ˈvɪlnjəs/ pn
Vilnius
(metonymy) The Lithuanian government.

Vincent /ˈvɪnsənt/ Vincents pn
Vincent
(countable) A en given name.

Violet pn
Violette
A en given name.

Viredaz pn
Viredaz
A surname from French.

Virgil /ˈvɜːdʒɪl/ /ˈvɝdʒɪl/ pn
Virgile
Pūblius Vergilius Marō (70–19 BCE), Roman epic writer from the Augustan period, best known for writing the Aeneid.

Virgin pn
la Vierge
(Christianity) Synonym of Virgin Mary (“Mary, mother of Jesus”).
The constellation and star sign Virgo.

Virgin Islands pn
Îles Vierges îles Vierges
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Virgin Mary Virgin Marys Virgins Mary pn
Vierge Marie
(Christianity) Synonym of Mary, mother of Jesus.

Virginia /vɚˈd͡ʒɪn.jə/ Virginias pn
Virginie
A en given name.
Any of several places, in the United States and elsewhere:

Virginia creeper Virginia creepers n
vigne vierge
A climbing plant (Parthenocissus quinquefolia).

Virginian /vəˈd͡ʒɪnjən/ /vɚˈd͡ʒɪnjən/ Virginians n
Virginien Virginienne
A native or resident of the state of Virginia in the United States of America.

Virgo /ˈvɜː.ɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝ.ɡoʊ/ Virgos n
Vierge
Someone with a Virgo star sign

Virgo /ˈvɜː.ɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝ.ɡoʊ/ pn
Vierge
(zodiac constellations) : A constellation in the zodiac, imagined in the shape of a maiden, that contains the bright binary star Spica.
(astrology) : The zodiac sign for the virgin, ruled by Mercury, that covers August 23 – September 23 (tropical astrology) or September 16 – October 15 (sidereal astrology).

Visean pn
Viséen
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Carboniferous period.

Vishnu /ˈvɪʃnu/ pn
Vishnou
(Hinduism) One of the Trimurti (trinity) in Hindu mythology, and the most popularly venerated god in Hinduism. Vishnu is commonly depicted as being blue in colour and having four arms: with each hand holding either a lotus, a mace, a conch shell or chakram weapon. Vishnu is the Supreme being or Ultimate Reality for Vaishnavas and a manifestation of Brahman in the Advaita or Smarta traditions of Hinduism.

Visigoth /ˈvɪzɪɡɒθ/ Visigoths n
Wisigoth wisigoth
Any member of an ancient East Germanic tribe, one branch of the Goths (the Ostrogoths being the other), which participated in several wars with Rome and established a kingdom with Toulouse for its capital.

Visigothic adj
wisigoth wisigothique
of or pertaining to the Visigoths

Vistula /ˈvɪst͡ʃʊlə/ pn
Vistule
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Vitebsk pn
Vitebsk
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Viterbo pn
Viterbe
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Vitruvian Man pn
homme de Vitruve
A drawing of human anatomy created by Leonardo da Vinci around the year 1487, or a representation of it.

Vitus pn
Vital
(historical) A en given name.

Vivian /ˈvɪvi.ən/ pn
Vivian Viviane Vivien Vivienne
A en given name.
A en given name.

Vixen pn
Fringant
The fourth reindeer of Santa Claus.

Vladika Vladikas n
Vladika
(now, historical) The head of church and state in Montenegro until 1852; the prince bishop.

Vladimir /ˈvlæ.dɪ.miə(ɹ)/ pn
Vladimir
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), popular throughout the history of Slavic countries and societies.
A en given name, but rare as a name of English-speaking persons.

Vladivostok /ˌvlædɪˈvɑstɑk/ /ˌvlædɪˈvɒstɒk/ pn
Vladivostok
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Vltava /vəlˈtɑːvə/ pn
Vltava
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VoD VoDs n
vidéo sur demande vidéo à la demande vidéo à la séance
(internet, countable) A replay of a live broadcast.
(uncountable)

Vojvodina /ˌvɔɪvəˈdiːnə/ pn
Voïvodine
A northern autonomous province of Serbia. Administrative and largest city: Novi Sad.

Volans pn
Poisson volant
(constellation) A small circumpolar constellation of the southern sky, said to resemble a flying fish.

Volapük /volaˈpyk/ /ˈvɒləˌpʊk/ pn
volapük
An artificial language (constructed language) created in 1879 by Johann Martin Schleyer.

Volapükist Volapükists n
volapükiste
One who speaks, or favours the adoption of, the artificial language Volapük.

Volgograd pn
Volgograd
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Volhynia pn
Volhynie Volynie
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Volkswagen /ˈvoʊksˌwæɡn̩/ Volkswagens n
Volks Volkswagen
A car manufactured by Volkswagen.

Volos pn
Volos
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Voluptas pn
Volupté
(Roman god) The Roman goddess of sensual pleasures. She is the daughter of Eros/Cupid and Psyche, and the grandaughter of Aphrodite/Venus and Ares/Mars. She is the Roman counterpart of Hedone.

Vorarlberg /ˈfɔːɹˌɑː(ɹ)lbɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ pn
Vorarlberg
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Vorkuta pn
Vorkouta
A coal mining town in the Komi Republic, Russia, situated just north of the Arctic Circle.

Vormsi pn
Vormsi
Fourth largest island in Estonia, located between Hiiumaa and the continent.

Voronezh /vəˈɹɒniʒ/ pn
Voronej
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Vosges /voʊʒ/ pn
Vosges
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Votic pn
vote
A nearly extinct Finno-Ugric language spoken in Ingria.

Vrachasi pn
Vrachasi
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Vuelta a España /ˌvwɛltə aɪ (ɪ)sˈpænjə/ /ˌvwɛltə aɪ ɛsˈpɑnjə/ Vueltas a España pn
Tour d'Espagne
(cycle racing) An annual long-distance cycling race in Spain.

Vulcan /ˈvʌlkən/ pn
Vulcain
(Roman god) The god of volcanoes and fire, especially the forge, also the patron of all craftsmen, especially blacksmiths. The Roman counterpart of Hephaestus.
(astronomy, historical) A hypothetical planet proposed in the 19th century to exist in an orbit between Mercury and the Sun. Coined by Jacques Bobinet

Vulcan salute /ˌvʌlkən səˈl(j)uːt/ /ˌvʌlkən səˈlut/ Vulcan salutes n
salut vulcain
A gesture of greeting among Star Trek fans, consisting of a raised hand with the palm forward and the thumb extended, and the fingers parted between the middle finger and ring finger.

Vulgar Latin pn
latin vulgaire
(linguistics, historical) The Latin language as spoken by the Roman people, as opposed to Classical Latin as written in formal literature. Developed into Proto-Romance and descendant languages in the Early Middle Ages.

Vulgate /ˈvʌlɡeɪt/ /ˈvʌlɡɪt/ pn
Vulgate
The Latin translation of the Bible (from Hebrew and Greek) made by Saint Jerome.

Vulpecula /vʌlˈpɛkjələ/ pn
Petit Renard
(constellation) A faint autumn constellation in the northern sky.

Vänern pn
Vänern
Sweden's largest lake, located in southwestern Sweden

Västerbotten pn
Västerbotten
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Vé pn
Vé
In Norse mythology, one of two brothers of Odin.

Võro /ˈvɔːɹəʊ/ /ˈvɜːɹəʊ/ pn
võro
A language belonging to the Finnic branch of the Uralic languages. It is sometimes considered a dialect of Estonian.

W-boson W-bosons n
boson W
(particle) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the Z-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of ± 1

WADA pn
AMA

WANA /ˈwɑ.nə/ pn
AOAN

WC /ˌdʌbəlju ˈsiː/ WCs n
w.-c.
(UK) Initialism of water closet: a lavatory; a toilet.

WFP pn
PAM
(UN) Initialism of w:World Food Programme.

WHMIS pn
SIMDUT
(workplace, chemicals) Initialism of Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System.

WHO /ˈdʌbəljuː ˈeɪt͡ʃ ˈəʊ/ pn
OMS
Initialism of World Health Organization.

WIPO /ˈwaɪpəʊ/ pn
OMPI
(UN) Acronym of World Intellectual Property Organization.

WMO pn
OMM
(UN) Initialism of World Meteorological Organization.

WRT preposition
p/r
Initialism of with respect to.

WTO pn
OMC
(international law) Initialism of World Trade Organization.

WWW /ˈdʌb ˈdʌb ˈdʌb/ /ˈdʌb.jə ˈdʌb.jə ˈdʌb.jə/ /ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈdʌb.əl.juː ˈdʌb.əl.juː/ [dʌɥʊ̆dʌɥʊ̆dʌbˡju] pn
WWW
Initialism of World Wide Web.

Wadden Sea pn
mer des Wadden
A shallow and narrow sea peripheral to the North Sea, situated between the Frisian Islands and the mainland coasts of Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands.

Wadjet pn
Ouadjet
(Egyptian god) The patron goddess and namesake of the Ancient Egyptian city of Per-Wadjet, known as Buto to the Greeks. Wadjet takes the form of a cobra and is associated with the Eye of Horus.

Wagnerian more Wagnerian most Wagnerian adj
wagnérien
Of, or characteristic of Richard Wagner, or his music; (by extension) of epic dimensions.

Wahhabism pn
wahhabisme
(Islam) A Sunni Islamic fundamentalist reform movement based on the teachings of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (c. 1703–1792), followed primarily in Saudi Arabia and Qatar.

Wahhabite Wahhabites n
wahhabite
(Islam) A follower of Wahhabism, a fundamentalist movement of Islam.

Wake County pn
Comté de Wake
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Walcourt pn
Walcourt
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Waldensian more Waldensian most Waldensian adj
vaudois
Of or pertaining to the Waldenses.

Waldensian Waldensians n
vaudois vaudoise
One who holds the doctrines of the Waldenses (a pre-Protestant church founded by Peter Waldo).

Waldorf salad Waldorf salads n
salade Waldorf
(countable, and, uncountable) A type of salad, consisting of apple, nuts (especially walnuts), celery, and mayonnaise or a mayonnaise-based dressing.

Wales /weɪlz/ [weɪɫz] Waleses pn
pays de Galles Pays de Galles
One of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom, formerly a principality

Wall-Sun-Sun prime Wall-Sun-Sun primes n
nombre premier de Wall-Sun-Sun
(number theory) A (hypothetical) prime number p such that p^2 divides F_{\pi(p)}, where F_n is the Fibonacci sequence and \pi(p) is the pth Pisano period (the period length of the Fibonacci sequence reduced modulo p).

Wallachia /wɒlˈeɪ.kiː.ə/ pn
Valachie
A former principality in Eastern Europe, now part of South Romania.

Wallachian /wɒlˈeɪ.kiː.ən/ adj
valaque
Of or pertaining to Wallachia.

Wallachian /wɒlˈeɪ.kiː.ən/ Wallachians n
Valaque
A person from Wallachia or of Wallachian descent.

Wallia Wallias pn
Vallia Wallia
A historic king of the Visigoths.

Wallis and Futuna /ˈwɒlɪs ən(d) fuːˈtuːnə/ pn
Wallis-et-Futuna
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Wallonia /wəˈləʊnɪə/ pn
Wallonie
Federal Region of southern Belgium where French and German are the official languages, and where Lorrain, Luxembourgish, Picard, Franconian and Walloon languages are also spoken.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ adj
wallon wallonne
Referring to the French-speaking people of southern Belgium and parts of northern France.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ Walloons n
Wallon Wallonne
An inhabitant of Wallonia, of Belgian nationality, nowadays generally French-speaking, but also possibly German-speaking.
An inhabitant of the region of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet), usually of Belgian nationality.

Walloon /wəˈluːn/ pn
wallon
The Romance language commonly spoken until the middle of the 20th century in parts of southern Belgium and northern France (around Givet).

Walloon Brabant pn
Brabant wallon
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Walpurgis night Walpurgis nights n
Nuit de Walpurgis
Walpurgisnacht ("Walpurga's night"), a feast of witchcraft in German folklore, observed on 30 April.

Walter /ˈwɑltɚ/ /ˈwɔltɚ/ /ˈwɔːltə/ pn
Gautier
A en given name.

Wandering Jew pn
juif errant
A Jewish shoemaker who, in Christian tradition, taunted Jesus Christ on the way to his (Jesus') crucifixion and for that was condemned to wander the Earth until Jesus' return (ie. the second coming).

Wanderwort /ˈvɑndɚˌvɔɹt/ /ˈvɑndɚˌvɚtɚ/ /ˈvɒndəˌvɔːt/ /ˈvɒndəˌvətə/ /ˈwɑndɚˌwɔɹt/ /ˈwɑndɚˌwɚtɚ/ /ˈwɒndəˌwɔːt/ /ˈwɒndəˌwətə/ [-ɾɚ] Wanderworte Wanderworts Wanderwörter n
mot voyageur mot vagabond
(linguistics) A loanword that has spread to many different languages, often through trade or the adoption of foreign cultural practices.

Wankel engine Wankel engines n
moteur Wankel
A rotary internal combustion engine, without pistons, using instead an epitrochoid-shaped housing.

Warholian more Warholian most Warholian adj
warholien
(art) Of or pertaining to Andy Warhol (Andrew Warhola, 1928–1987), American painter, printmaker and filmmaker, or his style or works.

Warsaw /ˈwɔɹsɔ/ /ˈwɔːsɔː/ Warsaws pn
Varsovie
(metonym) The Polish government.
A habitational surname.

Warsaw Pact pn
Pacte de Varsovie pacte de Varsovie
(international law) A pact (long-term alliance treaty) signed on May 14, 1955 in Warsaw by the Soviet Union and its Communist military allies in Europe.

Warsaw Uprising pn
insurrection de Varsovie
(historical) a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation.

Warwick /ˈwɑɹɪk/ /ˈwɒɹɪk/ /ˈwɔɹɪk/ pn
Warwick
Any of various other towns and cities around the world taking their name from the English town or from someone with this surname.

Warwickshire /ˈwɒ.ɹɪk.ʃə(ɹ)/ pn
Warwickshire

Washington /wɔɹʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɒʃɪŋtən/ /ˈwɔʃɪŋtən/ Washingtons pn
Washington État de Washington
George Washington, the first president of the United States, and commanding general during its war of independence.
(figuratively, metonymy) The federal government or administrative authority of the United States. From the capital city of Washington, D.C.
(US) A en given name, popular during the first century of American independence, given in honor of George Washington.
Washington
A placename:

Washington, D.C. /ˈwɑʃɪŋtən ˈdiː ˌsiː/ pn
Washington Washington, district de Columbia
TemplateParserError:LuaError, formally known as the District of Columbia. Abbreviated as D.C. or DC.

Wasteneys Wasteneys Wasteneyses pn
Gâtinais
A surname from French.

Waswanipi pn
Waswanipi
Lac Waswanipi Rivière Waswanipi Village de Waswanipi
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Lac Waswanipi Rivière Waswanipi Village de Waswanipi peuple Waswanipi
A people; a First Nations community, part of the Cree First Nation

Watergate /ˈwɑtəɹˌɡeɪt/ pn
Watergate
An American political scandal (beginning with a burglary in the Watergate Hotel in Washington, DC, in 1972) that eventually led to the resignation of US President Richard Nixon.

Waterloo /ˈwɑtɚˌluː/ /ˈwɔtɚˌluː/ /ˌwɑtɚˈluː/ /ˌwɔtɚˈluː/ /ˌwɔːtə(ɹ)ˈluː/ pn
Waterloo
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the site of a major military battle in 1815.
A number of places in the United Kingdom:

Way of the Cross n
chemin de croix
A series of pictures or statues depicting the Stations of the Cross, as laid out around a church, along a road etc.

Waziristan pn
Waziristan
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Web service Web services n
service web
(Internet, Web) A software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network.

Weberian more Weberian most Weberian adj
wébérien
(sociology, economy) Of or relating to Max Weber (1864–1920), influential German sociologist and political economist.

Wed Weds n
mer.
abbreviation of Wednesday

Wednesday /ˈwenzdæe/ /ˈwɛ(ʔə)nzde/ /ˈwɛdnz-/ /ˈwɛnzdeɪ/ /ˈwɛnzdi/ Wednesdays n
mercredi
The fourth day of the week in many religious traditions, and the third day of the week in systems using the ISO 8601 norm; it follows Tuesday and precedes Thursday.

Weimar Republic /ˈvaɪmɑː(ɹ) ɹɪˈpʌblɪk/ pn
République de Weimar
(history) The democratic regime of Germany from 1919 to the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in 1933.

Weimarization /-ɹɪ-/ /ˌvaɪmɑɹaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌvaɪmɑːɹaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ n
weimarisation
(politics) A state of economic crisis leading to political upheaval and extremism.

Weinsberg pn
Weinsberg
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Wellington /ˈwel.əŋ.tən/ /ˈwɛl.ɪŋ.tən/ [ˈwɛlɪŋtən] Wellingtons n
Wellington
(card games) In the game of nap, a bid that results in the bidder winning quadruple, or losing double, the amount staked.

Wellington boots n
bottes en caoutchouc
(British) Waterproof rubber boots, intended to be worn in wet or muddy conditions. Short forms: wellies (singular welly or wellie)

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ adj
gallois
Of or pertaining to the Celtic language of Wales. [from 16thc.]

Welsh /wɛlʃ/ Welsh n
gallois
(uncountable) The Welsh language. [from 10th c.]
Gallois gallois
(collectively, in the plural) The people of Wales. [from 11th c.]

Welsh cake /ˈwɛlʃ ˌkeɪk/ Welsh cakes n
gâteau gallois
A traditional sweet griddle-baked Welsh flatbread with dried fruit and sometimes spices.

Welsh rarebit Welsh rarebits n
croque galois

Welshman /ˈwɛlʃmən/ Welshmen n
Gallois
A man who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Welshwoman Welshwomen n
Galloise
A woman who is a native or inhabitant of Wales.

Wemotaci pn
Wemotaci Weymontachie Weymontachingue

Wenceslaus pn
Venceslas
A en given name.

Wend Wends n
Wende
A member of a Slavic people from the borders of Germany and Poland; a Sorb; a Kashub.

Wendy /ˈwɛn.di/ /ˈwɪndi/ pn
Wendy
A en given name.

Wendy house Wendy houses n
cabane de jeu
A toy house in which children can play.

Wernicke's aphasia /ˈvɜːnɪkiːz əˈfeɪʒə/ /ˈvɜːnɪkəz əˈfeɪʒə/ /ˈvɝnɪkiz əˈfeɪʒə/ /ˈvɝnɪkəz əˈfeɪʒə/ n
aphasie de Wernicke
(medicine, pathology) A type of aphasia traditionally associated with neurological damage to Wernicke's area in the brain; the patient speaks with normal grammar, syntax, and intonation, but may use the wrong words or insert non-existent words.

Wernicke's area Wernicke's areas n
aire de Wernicke
(anatomy) The posterior section of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant cerebral hemisphere, one of two parts of the cerebral cortex linked with speech (the other being Broca's area).

Weser pn
Weser
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the longest entirely in the country, flowing north from south Lower Saxony into the North Sea.

Wessex /ˈwɛs.ɪks/ pn
Wessex
(historical) One of the seven major Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, existing between the 6th and 9th centuries, and comprising most of England south of the Thames.

West Wests pn
Far West
(US) The Western United States (sometimes excluding the West Coast), particularly (historical) in reference to the 19th century Wild West.
Occident Ouest
The western world; i.e. Western Europe and the Americas.

West Africa pn
Afrique de l'Ouest ouest d'Afrique
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West Asia pn
Asie de l'Ouest
The westernmost region of Asia, which includes Anatolia, the Arabian Peninsula, Iran, the Levant, Mesopotamia, the Sinai Peninsula, and Transcaucasia.

West Asian adj
ouest-asiatique
Of, from, or pertaining to West Asia.

West Asian West Asians n
Ouest-Asiatique
A person from West Asia.

West Bank pn
Cisjordanie
A Palestinian territory on the west bank of the Jordan river, claimed by both Israel and the State of Palestine.

West Bengal /wɛst bɛŋˈɡɔːl/ pn
Bengale-Occidental
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West Berlin pn
Berlin-Ouest
(historical, 1949–1990) The American, British and French sectors of Berlin between 1949 and 1990.

West Coast pn
Côte Ouest
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West Flanders pn
Flandre-Occidentale Flandre occidentale
The westernmost province of Belgium and Flanders, with capital Bruges.
The larger western part of the historic countship of Flanders, also comprising part of French Flanders (in northern France) and retaining a distinctive type of dialects

West Flemish pn
flamand occidental
A group of Flemish dialects of the Dutch language in the western part of the historic countship of Flanders (now in Belgium and France)

West Francia pn
Francie occidentale

West Frisian pn
frison occidental
A language spoken mostly in the province of Friesland, in the north of the Netherlands; one of the Frisian languages (or language varieties).

West Germany pn
Allemagne de l'Ouest
(since 1990) The former areas of the Republic during that time, distinguished from the former East German areas.

West Indian adj
ouest-indien ouest-indienne
Pertaining to the West Indies.

West Indian West Indians n
Ouest-Indien Ouest-Indienne
a person from the West Indies

West Indies pn
Caraïbes Indes occidentales
The islands of the Caribbean sea.

West Island pn
Ouest-de-l'Île
TemplateParserError:LuaError; a region of the Island of Montreal composed of the cities and boroughs on the western portion of the island, and some neighbouring islands of that region; generally lying to the west of Autoroute 13.

West Jerusalem pn
Jérusalem-Ouest
The portion of Jerusalem controlled by Israel after 1948.

West Papua pn
Papoua occidental
The western half of the island of New Guinea.

West Prussia pn
Prusse-Occidentale
(historical) A historical province of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and 1878 to 1922.

West Slavic pn
slave occidental
A subgrouping of the Slavic language family spoken mainly in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Lusatia (a small area in Germany).

West Somerset pn
West Somerset

West Virginia /ˈwɛst vɚˈdʒɪn.jə/ pn
Virginie-Occidentale
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West Yorkshire pn
Yorkshire de l'Ouest
(from 1974) TemplateParserError:LuaError bordering Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, North Yorkshire, Lancashire and Greater Manchester.
(archaic) West Riding of Yorkshire

Westcentric more Westcentric most Westcentric adj
occidentalocentrique

Westcentrism n
occidentalocentrisme
The practice of viewing the world from a Western perspective, with an implied belief, either consciously or subconsciously, in the preeminence of Western culture.

Western Apache pn
apache occidental
The Southern Athabascan language spoken by the Western Apache people.

Western Armenian pn
arménien occidental
One of the two standardized forms of the modern Armenian language, the other being Eastern Armenian. Following the Genocide of Armenians of 1915, it is now spoken by the descendants of Armenian survivors from the Ottoman Empire fleeing to Armenian diaspora, mainly in North America and South America, Europe and most of the Middle East except for Iran.

Western Australia /ˈwɛstə(ɹ)n əˈstɹeɪljə/ pn
Australie-Occidentale
(historical, till 1901) The British colony that is now the state of Western Australia.

Western Bonelli's warbler Western Bonelli's warblers n
pouillot de Bonelli
Phylloscopus bonelli, a species in the Phylloscopus genus of warblers.

Western Europe pn
Europe de l'Ouest Europe de l’Ouest
A sociopolitical region in the west of Europe.

Western European adj
ouest-européen
Of, from, or pertaining to Western Europe, its people, or its culture.

Western Hemisphere pn
hémisphère ouest
The hemisphere of the Earth to the west of the Greenwich Meridian (zero degree longitude) and east of 180 degrees longitude (approximately the International Date Line).

Western Regions pn
Régions de l'Ouest
(historical) The region west of ancient China's Jade Gate along the Silk Road, which included areas such as Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent.

Western Roman Empire /ˈwɛstən ˈɹəʊmən ˈɛmpaɪə/ /ˈwɛstɚn ˈɹoʊmən ˈɛmpaɪɚ/ pn
Empire romain d'Occident

Western Sahara pn
Sahara occidental
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Western Samoa /ˈwestən səˈmoʊə/ /ˈwɛstɚn səˈmoʊə/ pn
Samoa occidentales
(historical) The former name of Samoa, from 1914 to 1997.

Western Wall pn
Mur des Lamentations
(Judaism) An ancient wall on the western side of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, remnant of the Jewish Second Temple. It is the holiest site in Judaism.

Western concert flute Western concert flutes n
flûte traversière
A transverse (side-blown) woodwind instrument made of metal or wood.

Westernism n
occidentaliste
(historical) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.

Westernizer Westernizers n
occidentaliste
(historical) A member of a group of 19th-century intellectuals who believed that Russia's development depended upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.

Westminster Abbey pn
abbaye de Westminster
A large Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, next to the Houses of Parliament in London; the traditional place of coronation and burial of English monarchs.

Westminster Cathedral pn
cathédrale de Westminster
the principal Roman Catholic church in England

Westminster system Westminster systems n
système de Westminster
(politics) A democratic parliamentary system of government, used by and modelled after the British parliament in Westminster.

Westminsterian more Westminsterian most Westminsterian adj
westminsterien
Of or relating to Westminster or Westminster Abbey.

Westphalia /wɛstˈfeɪljə/ pn
Westphalie
(politics) Westfalen, a subdivision (“Landschaftsverband”) of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany.
Westfalen, a region of Germany in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony.

Westphalian /wɛstˈfeɪljən/ adj
westphalien
Of or pertaining to the Westphalia region or its people and culture.

Westphalian /wɛstˈfeɪljən/ Westphalians n
Westphalien Westphalienne
Someone from Westphalia

Wetherill diagram Wetherill diagrams n
diagramme de Wetherill
(geology, geochronology) A type of concordia diagram, used in the context of uranium–lead dating, whose axes are the ratios 206Pb/238U and 237Pb/235Pb.

Wheel of Fortune pn
La Roue Chanceuse La Roue de la Fortune
A television game show where word puzzles are solved by filling in the missing letters.

Whirling Dervish Whirling Dervishes n
derviches tourneurs
A Sufi of an ascetic order, centered in Turkey but widespread internationally, whose ritual religious observances involve mystical poetry of Mevlana (Rumi), music, and a whirling dance.

Whistler Whistlers pn
Whistler
(countable) A surname.
A placename
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Whit Monday /(h)wɪt ˈmʌn.deɪ/ pn
lundi de Pentecôte
(Christianity) The Monday that immediately follows Pentecost; the second day of Whitsuntide.

White House pn
Maison Blanche
(US) The official home and workplace of the President of the United States of America.
(US, metonym) The US presidency and its administration.

White Russian adj
russe blanc
Of or relating to Russians with tsarist or anti-Soviet sympathies in the period directly following the 1917 Revolution.
blanc-russien
(obsolete) Of or relating to Belarus, literally "White Russia," or its language.

White Russian White Russians n
Russe Blanc
A cocktail consisting of coffee liqueur, vodka, and milk.
Blanc-Russien Blanche-Russienne
(obsolete) A Belarusian person.

White Sea pn
mer Blanche
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Whitehorse pn
Whitehorse
The City of Whitehorse, TemplateParserError:LuaError, named after the White Horse Inn, a former tavern.

Whitsunday /wɪtˈsʌndeɪ/ /wɪtˈsʌndi/ /ʍ-/ /ˈʍɪtsəndeɪ/ /ˈʍɪtsəndɪ/ Whitsundays n
Pentecôte
The Sunday of the feast of Pentecost, seven weeks after Easter

Whovian /ˈhuː.viː.ən/ more Whovian most Whovian adj
whovien
Of or pertaining to the fictional universe of Doctor Who.

Whovian /ˈhuː.viː.ən/ Whovians n
whovien whovienne
(fandom) A fan of the British science-fiction television programme Doctor Who.

Wi-Fi /ˈwaɪ.faɪ/ Wi-Fis n
Wi-Fi connexion sans fil
(networking, uncountable) Any of several standards for short-range wireless data transmission (IEEE 802.11).

Wicca /ˈwɪkə/ pn
wicca
A neopagan religion that was first popularized by books written in 1949, 1954, and 1959 by Englishman Gerald Gardner, involving the worship of a horned male god and a moon goddess, the observance of eight Sabbats, and the performance of various rituals.

Wiener schnitzel Wiener schnitzels n
escalope viennoise
A veal cutlet dipped into flour, egg and breadcrumbs, then fried.

Wii /wiː/ Wiis n
Wii
(video games) A video game system released worldwide by Nintendo in 2006, noted for its unique motion-based control system.

Wiimote Wiimotes n
Wiimote
(video games, informal) The Wii Remote, the primary controller for the Nintendo Wii game console, noted for its motion-sensing capabilities.

Wikipedia /ˌwɪkiˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkəˈpiːdi.ə/ /ˌwɪkɪˈpiːdɪə/ Wikipedias pn
Wikipédia
A free-content, multilingual, online encyclopedia and wiki run by the Wikimedia Foundation.

Wikipedian /wɪ.kɪˈpiː.dɪ.ən/ adj
wikipédien
Of or relating to Wikipedia.

Wikipedian /wɪ.kɪˈpiː.dɪ.ən/ Wikipedians n
wikipédiste wikipédien
(WMF) A person who contributes to Wikipedia, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the website.

Wiktionarian Wiktionarians n
wiktionnariste wikidémicien wikidémicienne
(Wikimedia jargon) A person who contributes to Wiktionary, especially a regular contributor versed in the ways of the site.

Wiktionary /ˈwɪkt͡ʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃən(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ /ˈʋɪk.ʃə.nɛ.ri/ /ˈʋɪkʃ.nə.ri/ [ˈwikʃ.nə.ɾi] Wiktionaries pn
Wiktionnaire
A particular version of this dictionary project, written in a certain language, such as the English-language Wiktionary (often known simply as the English Wiktionary).

Wild Hunt Wild Hunts n
chasse fantastique
A ghostly hunt that rides across the sky, common to English, German and Scandinavian folklore.

Wild West pn
Far West
(historical) The western United States during the 19th-century era of settlement, commonly believed to be lawless and unruly.
bordel cirque far west foutoir
(by extension) A place or situation in which disorderly behavior prevails, especially due to a lack of regulatory oversight or an inadequate legal system.

Wilfred /ˈwɪlfɹəd/ pn
Wilfrid
A en given name, popular in the U.K. in the early twentieth century.

Wilhelmian adj
wilhelmien
Relating to Wilhelm II, German Emperor or to Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries

Wilhelmina /ˌwɪl.(h)ɛl.ˈmiːn.ə/ /ˌwɪl.ə.ˈmiːn.ə/ pn
Guillaumette Guillemette Guillemine
A en given name.

Will /wɪl/ pn
Guillon
A en given name, a shortening of William; also used as a formal given name.

Willebroek pn
Willebroeck Willebrouck
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Willemstad /ˈvɪləmstɑːt/ /ˈwɪləmstɑːt/ pn
Willemstad
The capital city of Curaçao.

Willersey pn
Willersey

Willett pn
Guillot
A surname originating as a patronymic.

William /ˈwɪl.i.əm/ /ˈwɪl.jəm/ Williams pn
Guillaume William
A en given name popular since the Norman Conquest.

Wilson's storm petrel Wilson's storm petrels n
océanite de Wilson
A small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae, breeding on the Antarctic coastlines and nearby islands such as the South Shetland Islands.

Windhoek /ˈvɪndhʊk/ /ˈwɪndhʊk/ pn
Windhoek
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Windows pn
Windows
(operating systems, trademark) Microsoft Windows, an operating system with a WIMP graphical user interface that dominates the personal computer market.

Windoze pn
Windaube
(informal, derogatory) Microsoft Windows.

Windward Islands pn
îles du Vent
The southern islands of the Lesser Antilles, composed of the island nations of Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Barbados, Grenada and Trinidad and Tobago.

Windy City pn
ville des vents
Nickname for the city of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States of America.

Winnebago Winnebagoes Winnebagos n
winnebago
Any of a Native American people of Wisconsin and Nebraska, now called Ho-Chunk.
Alternative form of winnebago (“recreational vehicle”)

Winnebago pn
winnebago
The Siouan language of this people.

Winnie the Pooh Winnie the Poohs pn
Winnie l'ourson
A talking bear from an English children's book series carrying the same name, noted for his sweet, simple nature, and his love of honey.

Winnipeg /ˈwɪn.ə.ˌpɛɡ/ pn
Winnipeg
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Winnipeg lac Winnipeg
Lake Winnipeg, TemplateParserError:LuaError.
Winnipeg rivière Winnipeg
Winnipeg River, TemplateParserError:LuaError.

Winnipegger /ˈwɪnəˈpɛɡəɹ/ Winnipeggers n
Winnipégois
A native or resident of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Winter Triangle pn
Triangle d'hiver
[the W- T-] (asterism) A bright asterism of the northern winter sky. Its corners are the three 1st-magnitude stars Betelgeuse (α Ori), Procyon (α CMi), and Sirius (α CMa).

Winterthur pn
Winterthour
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Wisconsin Dells pn
Wisconsin Dells
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Wisconsinite Wisconsinites n
habitant du Wisconsin
A native or resident of the state of Wisconsin in the United States of America.

Wisdom pn
Sagesse
(biblical) The Wisdom of Solomon, a book of the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox canon of the Old Testament, considered apocryphal by Protestants.

Witt group Witt groups n
groupe de Witt
(algebra) Given a field k of characteristic ≠ 2, the abelian group of equivalence classes of nondegenerate symmetric bilinear forms over k (where the equivalence relation is such that two forms are equivalent if each is obtainable from the other by adding a metabolic quadratic space), with the group operation corresponding to that of orthogonal direct sum of forms;(algebraic geometry, by extension) given a variety X, the quotient of the Grothendieck group of isometry classes of quadratic spaces on X, with respect to orthogonal sum, modulo the subgroup generated by metabolic spaces(category theory, by extension) given a category with duality, the quotient of isometry classes of symmetric spaces, modulo metabolic spaces.

Woden pn
Wotan Odin
The Germanic chief god, distributor of talents and god of wisdom and war (corresponding to Odin), especially in his Anglo-Saxon form.

Wolfgang /ˈvɔlf.ɡɑŋ/ /ˈwʊlf.ɡæŋ/ pn
Wolfgang
A German en given name.

Wolof /ˈwɒlɒf/ /ˈwəʊlɒf/ pn
Wolofs
A West African people, mostly in Senegal.
wolof
The language traditionally spoken by those people.

Wonder Woman /ˈwʌndə ˈwʊmən/ /ˈwʌndɚ ˈwʊmən/ pn
Wonder Woman
A DC Comics superheroine. [from 1941.]

Wookiee /ˈwʊki/ Wookiees Wookies n
wookie
A member of a fictional race of tall, hairy bipeds in the universe of the Star Wars motion pictures.

Woop Woop pn
Pétaouchnok Trifouilly-les-Oies au milieu de nulle part
(Australia, informal) An extremely remote area, the “middle of nowhere”.

Worcestershire sauce /ˈwɝʃtəʃɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɝʃtəʃɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwɪs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃaɪɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɚ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɚ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɑs/ /ˈwʊs.tɚ.ʃɪɹ ˈsɔs/ /ˈwʊstə(ɹ)ʃə(ɹ) ˈsɔːs/ Worcestershire sauces n
sauce Worcestershire
An English condiment made with vinegar, onions, garlic, etc.; a thin piquant sauce used as a table sauce, to flavour casseroles etc. and as an ingredient in Bloody Marys.

Word /wɜːd/ /wɝd/ pn
Parole Verbe
The creative word of God; Logos.

Wordian pn
Wordien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

World Bank pn
Banque mondiale
A group of five financial organizations whose purpose is economic development and the elimination of poverty.

World Exposition World Expositions n
expo exposition universelle
Any of various large international expositions held since the mid 19th century, often called "Expo".

World Health Assembly pn
Assemblée mondiale de la santé
the forum through which the World Health Organization (WHO) is governed by its member states

World Health Organization pn
Organisation mondiale de la santé
An agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health

World Heritage Site World Heritage Sites n
patrimoine mondial
A place listed by UNESCO as being of special cultural or physical significance.

World Trade Center pn
World Trade Center
A complex of buildings in New York City, three of which were destroyed in the 9/11 attacks.

World Trade Organization pn
Organisation mondiale du commerce OMC WTO
An international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade.

World War I pn
Première Guerre mondiale
(history) The war from 1914 to 1918 between the Entente Powers of the British Empire, Russian Empire, France, Italy, the United States and other allied nations, against the Central Powers represented by the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.

World War II /wɜː(ɹ)ld wɔː(ɹ) tuː/ [wɜːɫd wɔː tuː] [wɝɫd wɔɚ̯ tu] pn
Seconde Guerre mondiale Deuxième Guerre mondiale
(history) The war from 1939 to 1945 of the Allied forces, including the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, and China, against the Axis Powers, including Germany, Italy, and Japan.

World War III pn
Troisième Guerre mondiale
A hypothetical world war following World War II.

World War IV pn
Quatrième Guerre mondiale
A hypothetical world war following World War III.

World Wide Web /ˈwɜːld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ /ˈwɝld ˌwaɪd ˈwɛb/ pn
Toile d'araignée mondiale
(Internet) Usually preceded by the: collectively, all of the hypertext documents (web pages) on the Internet stored in different computers around the world that hyperlink to each other and to other kinds of media, and are typically retrieved by the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS).

Wormian bone Wormian bones n
os wormien
(anatomy) Any small irregular bone occasionally occurring in the cranium in addition to the normal bones.

Worms /vɔɹmz/ /vɔːmz/ pn
Worms
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Wrangel Island pn
île de Wrangel
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Wrocław /ˈvɹɒtslɑːf/ /ˈvɹɒtslɑːv/ /ˈvɹɒtswɑːf/ /ˈvɹɔts.lɑf/ /ˈvɹɔts.lɑv/ /ˈvɹɔts.wɑf/ pn
Wrocław Breslau
A city, located in Silesia in what is now southwestern Poland. (At different points in history, the city has been part of Bohemia, Prussia, Germany, and Poland.)

Wu /ˈwuː/ pn
wu
(historic) The kingdom ruled by the Ji family from Wuxi and then Suzhou during the Spring and Autumn period of China's Zhou dynasty.
The family of Chinese languages spoken in that region, including Shanghainese and Suzhounese, the second-most spoken family after Mandarin.

Wuchiapingian pn
Wuchiaping'ien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Permian period.

Wuhan /-ˈhæn/ /uːˈhɑːn/ /ˈwuːˈhɑːn/ pn
Wuhan
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Wuhanese adj
wuhanais
(rare) Of, from, or pertaining to Wuhan, China.

Wuhanese Wuhanese n
Wuhanais Wuhanaise
(rare) A person from Wuhan, China.

Wunderkammer /ˈvʊndəˌkamə/ /ˈvʊndɚˌkɑmɚ/ Wunderkammern Wunderkammers n
cabinet de curiosités
(historical) A cabinet of scientific curiosities, especially during the late Renaissance.

Wyandot Wyandot Wyandots n
Hurons-Wendat Wendat
huron-wendat wendat
A member of a Native American people, formed from the Huron confederacy, that lived in and around Ohio.

Wyandot pn
wyandot
The now-extinct Iroquoian language of this people.

Wymysorys pn
wilamowicien
A West Germanic language spoken in the Polish town of Wilamowice.

Wyoming /waɪˈoʊmɪŋ/ pn
Wyoming
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X /ks/ /kʃ/ /z/ /ɛks/ /ɡz/ /ɡʒ/ /ʃ/ adj
X

X /ks/ /kʃ/ /z/ /ɛks/ /ɡz/ /ɡʒ/ /ʃ/ numeral
X
An unknown quantity or unknown value.

X-bar theory n
théorie X-barre
(linguistics) A theory that posits a common syntactic structure for different lexical categories. Each phrase (XP) is the projection of a head (X) and may optionally include a specifier (sister of X-bar, daughter of XP), adjuncts (sister and daughter of X-bar) and complements (sister of X, daughter of X-bar).

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ X-rays n
rayon Röntgen rayon X
Short wavelength electromagnetic radiation usually produced by bombarding a metal target in a vacuum. Used to create images of the internal structure of objects; this is possible because X-rays pass through most objects and can expose photographic film.
radiographie
A radiograph: a photograph made with X-rays.

X-ray /ˈɛks ɹeɪ/ /ˈɛks ˌɹeɪ/ v
radiographier soumettre à un examen radiographique
(transitive, informal) To take a radiograph of; to obtain an image of using X-ray radiation, especially for the purpose of medical diagnostic evaluation.

X-ray vision X-ray visions n
vision à rayon X
(literally) Vision into the X-ray portion of the light spectrum, enabling visibility through certain solid matter.

XF adj
SUP
(philately) Initialism of extremely fine or extra fine; also EF.

XO sauce n
sauce XO
A spicy sauce from Hong Kong, made from roughly chopped dried seafood, chili peppers, onions, and garlic.

XOR /ˈɛks ˈɔɹ/ XORs n
ou exclusif
(logic) The connective "exclusive or".

XPS XPSs n
XPS
(uncountable, physics) Initialism of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
(countable, physics) Initialism of X-ray photoelectron spectroscope.

Xanthi pn
Xánthi
A city in Thrace, northeastern Greece.

Xavier /hɑviˈɛɹ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vi.ɚ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vjɚ/ /ɪɡˈzeɪ.vɪə/ /ˈhɑvi.ɛɹ/ /ˈzeɪ.vi.ɚ/ /ˈzeɪ.vjɚ/ /ˈzeɪ.vɪə/ /ˈzæv.ɪə/ pn
Xavier
Any of various notable people with this name as given name or surname, especially Saint Francis Xavier, a Spanish Catholic saint and missionary (1506–1552).

Xbox /ˈɛks bɒks/ Xboxes n
Xbox
(video games, trademark) Any of the home consoles in Microsoft's Xbox product line, especially the original Xbox.

Xenophanes /zɛˈnɒfəniːz/ pn
Xénophane
A Greek given name.

Xerxes /ˈzɜːk.siːz/ /ˈzɝksiːz/ Xerxeses pn
Xerxès
(historical) Xerxes I, a Persian king of the Achaemenid dynasty who reigned 485-465 BC.

Xhosa /ˈkoʊ.sə/ /ˈkɔ.sə/ /ˈkɔː.sə/ /ˈkəʊ.sə/ Xhosa Xhosas n
xhosa Xhosa
(uncountable) The language of these people, a Bantu language related to Zulu.

Xi'an /ˈʃiˈæn/ /ˈʃiːˈɑːn/ pn
Xi'an
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Xiamen /ʃjɑːˈmɛn/ pn
Amoy Xiamen
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Xiang /t͡ʃæŋ/ /t͡ʃɒŋ/ /ʃiɑŋ/ /ʃæŋ/ /ʃɑŋ/ /ʃʌŋ/ /ʒæŋ/ pn
hunanais xiang
A Chinese language spoken mainly in Hunan province, China

Xibe /ˈsi.be/ Xibe n
Sibe Sibo Xibe
A Tungusic people of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in Northwest China.

Xibe /ˈsi.be/ pn
sibe sibo xibe
The Tungusic language spoken by the Xibe people of Northwest China.

Xinjiang /ˈʃin-/ /ˈʃɪnˈd͡ʒjɑŋ/ pn
Xinjiang
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Xiongnu /ʃɒŋˈnuː/ /ʃʊŋˈnuː/ n
Xiongnu
(historical) An ancient nomadic-based people that formed a state or confederation north of the agriculture-based empire of the Han dynasty.

Y chromosome Y chromosomes n
chromosome Y
(genetics) A mammalian sex chromosome, occurring only in male cells. Cells of females have a pair of X chromosomes while cells of males have an X and a Y.

YOLO /ˈjoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈjəʊ.ləʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
on n'a qu'une vie on ne vit qu'une fois
(slang) Initialism of you only live once, i.e. expressing the view that one should make the most of the present moment.

Yahweh /ˈjɑː(h)weɪ/ pn
Yahweh
(history of religion) The name of the God of Israel worshipped by the Jahwist prophets in the kingdoms of Israel and Judah in antiquity.

Yakut /jəˈkuːt/ /jəˈkʊt/ pn
yakoute iakoute
The language of these people.

Yakutia /jəˈkuːtɪə/ /jəˈkuːʃ(i)ə/ pn
Yakoutie
Synonym of Sakha

Yakutsk pn
Iakoutsk
The capital city of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Russia

Yalta /ˈjɑːl.tə/ pn
Yalta Ialta
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(by ellipsis) The Yalta Conference of 1945.

Yamhad pn
Yamhad

Yanam pn
Yanaon
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Yanan pn
Yanan
prefecture-level city

Yandex /ˈjæn.dɛks/ pn
Yandex
A Russian Internet company which operates the largest search engine in Russia.
(computing) A search engine that popularized the company of the same name.

Yangjingbang pn
Yangjingbang
(historical) A former tributary of the Huangpu, Shanghai, China.

Yangon /jæŋˈɡɒn/ /jæŋˈɡəʊn/ /jɑŋˈɡoʊn/ /jɑŋˈɡɑn/ pn
Rangoon Rangoun
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Yangtze /ˈjæŋtsi/ /ˈjæŋzi/ /ˈjɑŋtsə/ /ˈjɑŋzi/ pn
Yangtsé Yangzi Jiang fleuve Bleu
The chief river of central China and the third longest river in the world, flowing 6300 km from the Tanggula Mountains in Qinghai, passing Chongqing, Wuhan, and Nanjing, and emptying into the East China Sea beside Shanghai.

Yank /jæŋk/ Yanks n
amerloque ricain Yankee ricaine ricaines ricains
(US) A Yankee, a Northerner: someone from the Northern United States, especially from New England.

Yankee /ˈjæŋ.ki/ Yankees n
Yankee
(chiefly, Southern US) A native or inhabitant of the Northern United States.
(chiefly southern, _, Louisiana) An Anglo, as opposed to someone with French ancestry; a native or inhabitant of the rest of the United States.

Yanukovych pn
Ianoukovitch Ianoukovytch
A transliteration of the Ukrainian surname Януко́вич (Janukóvyč).

Yaoundé /jɑːˈuːndeɪ/ /jɑːˈʊndeɪ/ /ˌjɑːʊnˈdeɪ/ pn
Yaoundé
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Yap pn
Yap
An island in the Caroline Islands of western Micronesia.

Yarmouk pn
Yarmouk
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Yaroslav pn
Iaroslav
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv).
A transliteration of the Ukrainian male given name Яросла́в (Jarosláv).

Yaroslavl pn
Iaroslavl
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Yashin Yashins pn
Iachine
A surname from Russian.

Yazidi Yazidis n
yazidi Yézidie yézidie Yazidi Yazidie Yézidi
member of a Kurdish-speaking people of northern Iraq, Armenia and Caucasus, whose religion is Yazidism

Yazidism pn
yézidisme yazidisme
The religion of Yazidis, a highly syncretic complex of local beliefs and Islamic doctrine.

Yegor Yegors pn
Egor
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Егор (Jegor).

Yekaterinburg /jɛkətərɪnˈbɜːrɡ/ pn
Iekaterinbourg Ekaterinbourg
TemplateParserError:LuaError, the fifth-largest in the country by population.

Yelena pn
Yelena
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Еле́на (Jeléna), equivalent to Helen.

Yellow River pn
fleuve Jaune Huang He
The chief river of the North China Plain, currently flowing 5,463 km from the Bayan Har Mountains of Qinghai to the Bohai Sea but historically prone to massive floods which caused its course to vary widely over time.

Yellow Sea pn
mer Jaune
An arm of the Pacific Ocean between mainland China and the Korean peninsula.

Yellow Transparent Yellow Transparents n
Transparent Jaune
An apple cultivar with a subacidic taste and fine flesh

Yellowknife pn
Yellowknife
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Yeltsin /ˈjɛltsɪn/ pn
Eltsine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Е́льцин (Jélʹcin).

Yeltsinian more Yeltsinian most Yeltsinian adj
eltsinien

Yemen /ˈjɛ.mən/ /ˈjɪ.mən/ pn
Yémen
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Yemeni adj
yéménite
of, from, or pertaining to Yemen, or the Yemeni people

Yemeni Yemenis n
Yéménite Yéménais Yéménois
a person from Yemen or of Yemeni descent

Yenisei /ˌjɛnəˈseɪ/ pn
Ienisseï
TemplateParserError:LuaError. The longest river of Siberia. It flows from south down to north into the Arctic Ocean, splitting Siberia in two parts: the Eastern Siberia and the Western Siberia.

Yerevan /jɛɾɛˈvɑn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvæːn/ /ˌjeɹəˈvɑːn/ pn
Erevan
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Yerevanian /ˌjeɹəˈvæːnɪ.ən/ /ˌjeɹəˈvɑːni.ən/ Yerevanians n
Érévantsi
A person who was born in, or is a citizen or inhabitant of Yerevan, Armenia.

Yevpatoria pn
Eupatoria
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Yeysk pn
Ieïsk
A town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia

Yggdrasil /ˈɪɡdɹəsɪl/ pn
Ygdrasil Ygdrasill Yggdrasil Yggdrasill
(Norse mythology) An immense ash tree that is central in Norse cosmology, believed to connect the nine worlds.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ more Yiddish most Yiddish adj
yiddish
Of or pertaining to the Yiddish language.

Yiddish /ˈjɪd.ɪʃ/ pn
yiddish yidiche
A West Germanic, or more specifically High German, language that developed from Middle High German dialects, with an admixture of vocabulary from multiple source languages including Hebrew-Aramaic, Romance, Slavic, English, etc., and mostly written in Hebrew characters which is used mainly among Ashkenazic Jews from central and eastern Europe.

Yiddishland pn
Yiddishland
A region where Yiddish is spoken; the areas of Eastern Europe or the Jewish Autonomous Oblast that had significant numbers of Jewish inhabitants.

Yoda condition Yoda conditions n
condition Yoda
(programming, informal) A logical condition with the usual order of operands reversed — e.g. if (18 == age) rather than if (age == 18) — for various reasons, such as avoiding accidental misuse of = (assignment) instead of == (equality), a mistake that is harder to spot when using the normal order of operands.

Yohan Yohans pn
Yohan Yohann Yohanne
A en given name, equivalent to English John

Yolanda pn
Yolande
A en given name.

Yom Kippur /ˌjoʊm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjoʊm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjoʊm-/ /ˌjɑm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjɑm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjɒm kɪˈpʊə/ /ˌjɒm ˈkɪpə/ /ˌjɔm kɪˈpʊɹ/ /ˌjɔm ˈkɪpɚ/ /ˌjəʊm kɪˈpʊə/ /ˌjəʊm ˈkɪpə/ pn
Yom Kippour
(Judaism) A particular Jewish holiday, the day of atonement, falling on the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishrei.

Yon Yons pn
Yon
A surname from French.

Yoneda lemma n
lemme de Yoneda
(category theory) Given a category \mathcal{C} with an object A, let H be a hom functor represented by A, and let F be any functor (not necessarily representable) from \mathcal{C} to Sets, then there is a natural isomorphism between Nat(H,F), the set of natural transformations from H to F, and the set F(A). (Any natural transformation \alpha from H to F is determined by what \alpha_A(\mbox{id}_A) is.)

Yongding /jɔŋ.dɪŋ/ pn
Yongding
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Yonne /jɒn/ pn
Yonne
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York /jɔɹk/ /jɔːk/ pn
York Yorck Yorque
A place in Canada:
The House of York, a dynasty of English kings and one of the opposing factions involved in the 15th century Wars of the Roses. The name comes from the fact that its members were descended from Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York; their symbol was a white rose.
A habitational surname from Old English from the city or the county; See also Yorke.

York ham York hams n
jambon d'York
A mild cured ham that has a delicate pink meat; traditionally served with a Madeira sauce

Yorkshire /ˈjɔː(ɹ)kʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɔːkʃə/ pn
Yorkshire
England's largest county. Situated in the north-east of England; divided into three ridings, (North, West and East, and The City Of York). Since 1974 for administration purposes local government has used different divisions.

Yoruba /ˈjɒɹʊbə/ /ˈjɔːɹəbə/ pn
yoruba
A sub-Saharan language. It belongs to the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family, and has nearly 40 million speakers in Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Sierra Leone, as well as communities in Brazil and Cuba.

Yoshkar-Ola /jɒʃˈkɑː(ɹ) oʊˈlɑː/ pn
Iochkar-Ola
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YouTube /ˈjutub/ /ˈjuːtjuːb/ /ˈjuːtʃuːb/ /ˈjʉːtʃʉːb/ YouTubes n
Youtube
(neologism) Any website that allows users to upload content, particularly YouTube itself.

YouTube /ˈjutub/ /ˈjuːtjuːb/ /ˈjuːtʃuːb/ /ˈjʉːtʃʉːb/ pn
YouTube
A video-sharing website.

YouTube poop /ˈ ju.tub puːp/ /ˈ juː.tjuːb puːp/ /ˈ juː.t͡ʃuːb puːp/ /ˈ jʉːt͡ʃʉːb pʉːp/ YouTube poops n
YouTube poop
(internet slang) On the video sharing site YouTube, a humorous or surreal video mashup made of clips from a television show, movie, other video, etc. with visual and auditory effects.

YouTuber /ˈjuːˌtjuːbə(ɹ)/ /ˈjuːˌtuːbə(ɹ)/ YouTubers n
youtubeur
(internet) A user of the video-sharing website YouTube.
youtubeur youtubeuse
(internet) A video creator on YouTube.

Young Poland pn
Jeune Pologne
(historical) The modernist period in Polish visual arts, literature, and music which lasted from the end of the 19th century to 1918.

Young's modulus Young's moduli n
module de Young
(physics) The coefficient of elasticity of a solid; the rate of change of stress with strain.

Your Highness Your Highnesses pronoun
Votre Altesse
(formal) A title of respect used to address a prince or princess.

Your Imperial Majesty Your Imperial Majesties pn
Votre Majesté Impériale
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to an emperor or empress.

Your Majesty Your Majesties pn
Votre Majesté sire
(formal) A term of address used in direct address to a monarch of higher rank than a prince, such as a king, queen, emperor, or empress.

Your Worship pronoun
Votre Révérence
A title used to address a magistrate, mayor, or clergyman

Ypresian /iːˈpɹɛz.i.ən/ pn
Yprésien
(geology, paleontology) A subdivision of the Eocene epoch

Yser /iːˈzɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪzə(ɹ)/ pn
Yser
a river that flows through French and West Flanders to the North Sea

Yuan dynasty pn
dynastie Yuan
A Chinese dynasty that lasted from 1271–1368 C.E..

Yucatec Maya pn
maya yucatèque
Mayan language spoken in the Yucatán Peninsula, northern Belize and parts of Guatemala.

Yucatán pn
Péninsule du Yucatán Yucatán
A peninsula in North America incorporating the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche, and Quintana Roo as well as Belize and northeastern Guatemala.

Yue /juːˈeɪ/ /ˈjuːeɪ/ pn
yue
The modern Sinitic language which includes Cantonese (Canton) dialect.

Yugoslavia /juːɡəˈslɑːvi.ə/ pn
Yougoslavie
(historical) A former country on the Balkan Peninsula, made up of the now-independent nations of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia; it disintegrated in the 1990s.

Yugoslavian adj
yougoslave
(historical) Of or relating to Yugoslavia.

Yugoslavian Yugoslavians n
Yougoslave
(historical) A native of Yugoslavia.

Yukaghir pn
youkaghir youkaguir
(linguistics) A language family consisting of two closely related languages spoken in Siberia.

Yukon /ˈjuː.kɑn/ /ˈjuː.kɒn/ pn
Yukon
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Yukoner Yukoners n
Yukonais Yukonaise
A native or inhabitant of the Yukon Territory, Canada.

Yule /juːl/ Yules pn
fêtes
Christmastide, the Christmas season, the Twelve Days of Christmas (between December 25th and January 5th).

Yule log Yule logs n
bûche de Noël buche de Noël
A log-shaped Christmas sponge cake, covered in chocolate, traditionally from French-speaking countries.

Yunnan /juː(n)ˈnɑːn/ /jʊ(n)ˈnɑːn/ pn
Yunnan
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Yup'ik /ˈjuːpɪk/ pn
yupik de l'Alaska central
(linguistics) A subbranch of the Eskimo-Aleut family of languages. This is the only language family known to straddle both North America and Asia. It is centered squarely in Alaska and is thought to have migrated across to Siberia a few hundred years ago.

Yuri pn
Youri Iouri
A transliteration of the Russian male given name Ю́рий (Júrij), equivalent to George.

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk pn
Ioujno-Sakhalinsk
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Yuzhnoukrainsk pn
Youjnooukraïnsk
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Yvelines pn
Yvelines
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Yvette /iːˈvɛt/ /ɪˈvɛt/ pn
Yvette
A en given name borrowed from French in the nineteenth century.

Yvonne /iːˈvɒn/ /ɪˈvɒn/ pn
Yvonne
A en given name borrowed from France, in regular use since the twentieth century.

Z-boson Z-bosons n
boson Z
(particle) a fundamental particle, a gauge boson, that, together with the W-boson, mediates the weak nuclear force; it has a charge of 0

ZWNJ ZWNJs n
antiliant sans chasse
(computing, typography) Initialism of zero-width non-joiner (“non-printing character used to avoid ligatures”).

Zachary /ˈzækəɹi/ pn
Zacharie
A en given name, English vernacular form of Zacharias, Zachariah and Zechariah.

Zadar pn
Zadar
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Zagreb /ˈzɑːɡɹɛb/ pn
Zagreb
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Zagrebian /zɑˈɡɹɛbiən/ adj
zagrébien zagrébois

Zagrebian /zɑˈɡɹɛbiən/ Zagrebians n
Zagrébien Zagrébienne Zagrébois Zagréboise

Zaire /zaɪˈɪə/ /zɑːˈɪəɹ/ /ˈzɑːɪɹ/ pn
Zaïre
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Zairean /zɑˈɪɹ.i.ən/ /zʌɪˈɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ adj
zaïrois
Relating to Zaire.

Zairean /zɑˈɪɹ.i.ən/ /zʌɪˈɪəɹ.ɪ.ən/ Zaireans n
Zaïrois Zaïrais Zaïraise Zaïrien Zaïrienne Zaïroise
A person from Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo)

Zakynthos /ˈzakɪnθɒs/ /ˈzɑkɪnθɔs/ pn
Zacynthe Zante Zakynthos
TemplateParserError:LuaError in the Ionian Sea, the third largest of the Ionian Islands.

Zambezi /zæmˈbeɪzi/ /zæmˈbiːzi/ pn
Zambèze
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Zambia /ˈzæmbiə/ pn
Zambie
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

Zambian adj
zambien
Of or pertaining to Zambia or its people or language.

Zambian Zambians n
Zambien Zambienne
A person from Zambia or of Zambian descent.

Zamboanga pn
Zamboanga
The Republic of Zamboanga, a short-lived revolutionary republic, founded after the collapse of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, existing between May and November 1899.

Zamyatin pn
Zamiatine
A transliteration of the Russian surname Замятин (Zamjatin).

Zanclean pn
Zancléen
(geology, paleontology) A geological subdivision, the earliest age of the Pliocene epoch.

Zangi /ˈzæŋɡiː/ pn
Zangi
ʿImād ad-Dīn Zangī (d. 541/1146), Turkmen founder of the Zangid dynasty which ruled northern Iraq and Syria between the 12th and 13th centuries.

Zangid /ˈzæŋɡɪd/ adj
zangide
Of or pertaining to the Zangid dynasty.

Zante currant Zante currants n
raisin de Corinthe

Zanzibar /ˈzænzɪbɑː(ɹ)/ pn
Zanzibar
An island region of Tanzania in the Indian Ocean.

Zaporizhia /ˌzæpəˈɹiːʒə/ /ˌzɑːpəˈɹiːʒi.ə/ /ˌzɑːpəˈɹiːʒə/ pn
Zaporijia Zaporojié
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Zapotec adj
zapotèque
Of or relating to the Zapotec people.
Of or relating to their language.

Zapotec Zapotec Zapotecs n
Zapothèque
A member of an indigenous people of Mexico, concentrated in the state of Oaxaca and spread into some neighbouring states.

Zaragoza pn
Saragosse
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Zaragozan adj
saragossain
Saragossan; from Saragossa (Zaragoza).

Zealand pn
Seeland L'île de Sjælland
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Zealander Zealanders n
Seelandais Seelandaise
(informal) A resident or inhabitant of New Zealand; a New Zealander.

Zebedee /ˈzɛbɪdiː/ pn
Zébédée
(rare) A en given name of biblical origin.

Zechariah /ˌzɛkəˈɹaɪə/ pn
Zacharie
(biblical character) A king of Israel mentioned in the second book of Kings.
(biblical character) A Hebrew prophet traditionally considered the author of the Book of Zechariah, the eleventh of the Twelve Minor Prophets.

Zeeland pn
Zélande
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Zeelander Zeelanders n
Zélandais Zélandaise
An inhabitant of Zeeland.

Zeelandic pn
zélandais
A regional language similar to Dutch, spoken in the Dutch province of Zeeland and on the South Holland island of Goeree-Overflakkee.

Zelda /ˈzɛldə/ Zeldas pn
Zelda
(video games) Shortened form of Legend of Zelda.

Zelenskyy /zɪˈlɛnski/ Zelenskyys pn
Zelensky
A surname from the Slavic languages.

Zemfira [zɛɱˈfiɹə] [zɪɱˈfiɹə] pn
Zemfira
A transliteration of the Russian female given name Земфи́ра (Zemfíra).

Zen pn
zen
(religion) A school of Mahayana Buddhism characterized by sudden enlightenment achieved by indirect means and principally associated with China and Japan.

Zen Buddhism n
zen
(Buddhism) The Zen denomination of Buddhism.

Zenaga pn
zénaga
A Berber language of Mauritania.

Zend pn
zend
(dated) The Avestan language.

Zeno /ˈziːnoʊ/ pn
Zénon
A en given name.

Zenobia pn
Zénobie
A en given name.

Zenobius Zenobia pn
Zénobe
A male given name of historical usage

Zephaniah /zɛfəˈnaɪə/ pn
Sophonie
(biblical) A book of the Old Testament and the Hebrew Tanakh.

Zeppelin /ˈzɛ.pə.lɪn/ Zeppelins n
zeppelin
(aviation) A type of large dirigible rigid airship of the early 20th century, built by the German Luftschiffbau Zeppelin and designed to carry passengers or bombs.

Zeralda pn
Zéralda
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Zerubbabel pn
Zorobabel
(biblical character) a governor of the Persian Province of Judah, who led the first group of Jews returned from the Babylonian Captivity.

Zetland pn
Zetland
(historical) Until 1974, the official name for the Shetland Islands.

Zeus /z(j)u(ː)s/ /zus/ /zɪu̯s/ Zeuses pn
Zeus
(Greek god) Supreme ruler of all Greek gods, husband to Hera.

Zeuxis /ˈzjuːksɪs/ pn
Zeuxis
An Ancient Greek en given name

Zhdanovism n
jdanovisme
The political and cultural doctrine of Andrei Zhdanov.

Zhejiang /d͡ʒəˈd͡ʒjɑŋ/ pn
Zhejiang
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Zhuang /d͡ʒwɑŋ/ pn
zhuang
The language of these people, belonging to the Tai language group.

Zhukov pn
Joukov
A transliteration of the Russian surname Жу́ков (Žúkov).

Zhuyin fuhao /(d)ʒuːˌjɪn fuːˈhaʊ/ pn
bopomofo zhuyin fuhao
A phonetic alphabet used to transcribe Mandarin for students of that language and for inputting Chinese, now used primarily only in Taiwan. Variants also exist for other Chinese lects spoken in Taiwan.

Zhytomyr /-ˈtoʊm-/ /ʒɪˈtɔmɪɹ/ pn
Jitomir Jytomyr
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Zibo /ˌ(d)zɪˈboʊ/ pn
Zibo
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Ziguinchor /ˈzi.ɡɛn.ʃoɹ/ pn
Ziguinchor
TemplateParserError:LuaError; the largest populated place in the Casamance area of the country.

Zika virus n
virus Zika
A particular flavivirus, causing mild illness and linked with birth defects in humans.

Zimbabwe /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ/ pn
Zimbabwe Zimbabwé
TemplateParserError:LuaError. Formerly called Southern Rhodesia or Rhodesia.

Zimbabwean more Zimbabwean most Zimbabwean adj
zimbabwéen
Of, from, or pertaining to Zimbabwe or the Zimbabwean people.

Zimbabwean Zimbabweans n
Zimbabwéen Zimbabwéenne
A person from Zimbabwe or of Zimbabwean descent.

Zimmerwaldian adj
zimmerwaldien
Of or from Zimmerwald
Relating to the Zimmerwald Conference

Zion /ˈzaɪ.ən/ /ˈzaɪˌɒn/ pn
Sion
A landmark hill (or "mount") on which ancient Jerusalem was partly built, a centerpiece to Biblical accounts of old days and future eschatological events.

Zionism Zionisms n
sionisme
(politics) Jewish nationalism, the movement which supported first the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland and now supports the continuation of a Jewish state in Israel.

Zionist more Zionist most Zionist adj
sioniste
Of or relating to a Zionist or Zionists.

Zionist Zionists n
sioniste
An advocate of Zionism.

Zoar /ˈzoʊ.ɑɹ/ /ˈzəʊ.ɑː/ pn
Ségor Tsoar
(biblical) One of the Pentapolis, the five ancient cities in the Jordan valley.

Zocchihedron n
zocchièdre

Zogist adj
zoguiste
Relating to King Zog of Albania.

Zolaism Zolaisms n
zolisme

Zolian /ˈzəʊlɪən/ more Zolian most Zolian adj
zolien
Of or relating to the French writer Émile Zola (1840–1902).

Zoroaster /ˈzɒɹoʊˌæstəɹ/ /ˌzɒɹoʊˈæstəɹ/ pn
Zoroastre Zarathoustra Zarathushtra
An ancient Iranian prophet after whom the indigenous Iranian ethnic religion, Zoroastrianism, is named, also venerated in Mithraism.

Zoroastrian /ˌzoʊɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.ən/ /ˌzɒɹəʊˈæstɹɪən/ /ˌzɔɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.ən/ adj
zoroastrien
relating to or characteristic of Zoroastrianism.

Zoroastrianism /ˌzoʊɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ /ˌzɒɹəʊˈæstɹɪəˌnɪzəm/ /ˌzɔɹ.oʊˈæs.tɹi.əˌnɪz.əm/ pn
zoroastrisme
(scholarly) The historical (pre-Islamic) indigenous beliefs and practices of the Iranian peoples.

Zorro /ˈzoɹoʊ/ /ˈzɑɹoʊ/ pn
Zorro
A fictional character, a daring and mysterious avenger, created in 1919 by pulp writer Johnston McCulley.

Zouave /zuˈɑv/ /zuːˈɑːv/ /zwɑv/ /zwɑːv/ Zouaves n
zouave
(military, historical) One of a body of soldiers in the French service, originally Kabyle, but now composed of Frenchmen who wear the Kabyle dress.

Zoë /ˈzoʊ.i/ /ˈzəʊ.i/ pn
Zoé
A en given name.

Zubarevich Zubarevichs pn
Zoubarevitch Zoubarévitch
A transliteration of the Belarusian surname Зубарэ́віч (Zubarévič).

Zug pn
Zoug
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Zuism n
zuisme
Sumerian and Semitic Neopaganism; modern revival of the Mesopotamian and Canaanite religions.

Zuist adj
zuiste
Relating to Zuism.

Zulu /ˈzuːluː/ adj
zoulou
Pertaining to the Zulu people, culture, or language.

Zulu /ˈzuːluː/ Zulu Zulus n
Zoulou Zouloue
A member of an African ethnic group living mainly in the KwaZulu-Natal Province in eastern South Africa.
Zoulous
Time along the prime meridian; UTC; Zulu time.

Zulu /ˈzuːluː/ pn
zoulou
The language of these people, a Bantu language; isiZulu.

Zumba /ˈzum.bə/ pn
Zumba
A fitness program that combines Latin and international music with dance.

Zurich /-ɪx/ /zʊɹ.ɪk/ /ˈzjʊə.ɹɪk/ /ˈzɜɹ.ɪk/ pn
Zurich Zürich
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Zwinglian adj
zwinglien
Relating or referring to Zwingli, his beliefs, or his followers and adherents.

a /ə/ /ˈeɪ/ article
un une
One; any indefinite example of. [from before 1150]

a bad workman always blames his tools proverb
un mauvais ouvrier a toujours de mauvais outils à méchant ouvrier, point de bon outil
It is not the tools we use that make us good, but rather how we employ them.

a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush proverb
moineau à la main vaut mieux que grue qui vole un tiens vaut mieux que deux tu l'auras
A sure thing is preferable to the mere chance at something more. [15th c.]

a bit much n
un peu trop
(informal, of undesirable behaviour) More than is reasonable; a bit too much.

a burnt child dreads the fire proverb
chat échaudé craint l'eau froide
(dated) A person harmed by something becomes more cautious about it.

a cappella /ˌæ.kæˈpɛl.ə/ /ˌæ.kəˈpɛl.ə/ /ˌɑ kəˈpɛl.ə/ adv
a cappella
(music) In a manner of a choir with no instrumental accompaniment; literally, "in the style of the (Sistine) Chapel (in Rome)", such as a musical Mass done a cappella. [from late 19th c.]

a cat may look at a king proverb
un chien regarde bien un évêque
A purported inferior has certain rights or prerogatives, even in the presence of a purported superior.

a cold day in July n
quand les poules auront des dents semaine des quatre jeudis à la Saint-Glinglin
(idiomatic, colloquial) The time of occurrence of an event that will never happen.

a day after the fair /ə ˈdeɪ ˌæftɚ ðə ˈfɛɚ/ /ə ˈdeɪ ˌɑːftə ðə ˈfɛə/ adv
après la bataille

a dime a dozen adj
à la pelle
(Australia, US, idiomatic) So common as to be practically worthless.

a drowning man will clutch at a straw proverb
tout est bon à qui se noie

a fault confessed is half redressed proverb
faute avouée est à moitié pardonnée

a few determiner
quelques
A small number of; more than two.

a few pronoun
quelques-uns
A small number of things.

a fool and his money are soon parted proverb
aux idiots l'argent brûle entre les doigts aux idiots l'argent file entre les doigts
It is easy to get money from foolish people.

a fortiori /ˈeɪ fɔɹʃˈjɔˑɹaɪ/ /ˈɑː fɔːɹtɪˈoʊɹiː/ more a fortiori most a fortiori adv
a fortiori

a friend in need is a friend indeed /ə ˌfɹɛnd ən ˈnid ɪz ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪnˈdid/ /ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪn ˈniːd ɪz ə ˌfɹɛnd ɪnˈdiːd/ proverb
c’est dans le besoin que l’on reconnaît ses amis
If a friend helps you when you are in need, they are a true friend.

a good beginning makes a good ending proverb
bien commencer amène à bien terminer
Start off on a good note to reap the benefits at the end.

a healthy body is a healthy mind proverb
un esprit sain dans un corps sain

a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step proverb
un voyage de mille lieues commence toujours par un premier pas
Even the longest and most difficult ventures have a starting point.

a leopard cannot change its spots proverb
chassez le naturel, il revient au galop on ne se refait pas
One cannot change one's own nature.

a lie has no legs proverb
la vérité finit toujours par triompher
One cannot get away with a lie; the truth will always come out.

a little adv
peu
un peu
To a small extent or degree.

a little bird told me /ə ˌlɪt(ə)l bɜɹd ˈtoʊld mi/ /ə ˌlɪtl̩ bɜːd ˈtəʊld miː/ [-ˌlɪɾ(ə)l-] phraseologicalUnit
mon petit doigt m'a dit
(idiomatic, chiefly, humorous) I received the information from a source which I am not prepared to disclose.

a lot /əˈ lɑt/ /əˈ lɒt/ adv
beaucoup
(informal) Very much; a great deal; to a large extent.
souvent
(informal) Often; frequently.

a lot /əˈ lɑt/ /əˈ lɒt/ pronoun
beaucoup
A large amount.

a man is known by the company he keeps proverb
qui se ressemble s'assemble
People are similar in character to their friends.

a man's home is his castle proverb
charbonnier est maître chez lui charbonnier est maître en sa demeure cordonnier est maître chez lui
A proverbial expression of personal privacy and security.

a nod is as good as a wink proverb
à bon entendeur, salut
The hint, suggestion etc. can be understood without further explanation.

a picture is worth a thousand words proverb
une image vaut mille mots
A visualisation is a better description than a verbal description.

a posteriori more a posteriori most a posteriori adv
a posteriori
(logic) In a manner that deduces theories from facts.

a priori /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹaɪ/ /ˌeɪ pɹaɪˈɔːɹi/ /ˌɑː pɹiˈɔːɹi/ more a priori most a priori adv
a priori
(logic) In a way based on theoretical deduction rather than empirical observation.

a promise is a promise proverb
chose promise, chose due
One must keep one's promises.

a rolling stone gathers no moss /ə ˈɹol.ɪŋ stoʊn ˈɡæð.əɹz noʊ mɔs/ proverb
pierre qui roule n'amasse pas mousse
A person who never settles in one place will never be successful.

a spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down /ə ˈspuːnfəl əv ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ) ˌhɛlps ðə ˈmɛdɪsɪn ɡoʊ ˌdaʊn/ proverb
un morceau de sucre aide la médecine à couler
An otherwise unpleasant situation can be pleasant when a pleasant aspect is deliberately introduced.

a stitch in time saves nine proverb
mieux vaut prévenir que guérir un point fait à temps en épargne cent
A little effort expended sooner to fix a small problem prevents it from becoming a larger problem requiring more effort to fix later.

a stopped clock is right twice a day proverb
même une pendule cassée donne l'heure deux fois par jour
A normally unreliable person or instrument can occasionally provide correct information, even if only by accident.

a wild goose never laid a tame egg proverb
les chats ne font pas des chiens les chiens ne font pas des chats
(idiomatic) Most things are inherited and predetermined.

a woman without a man is like a fish without a bicycle /ə ˈwʊmən wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈmæn ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɪʃ wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈbaɪsɪkl̩/ /ə ˈwʊmən wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈmæn ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɪʃ wɪðˌaʊt ə ˈbaɪˌsɪkəl/ phraseologicalUnit
une femme sans homme est comme un poisson sans bicyclette
(figuratively, humorous, simile) A woman is capable of living a complete and independent life without a man. [from 1970]

a- /a/ /eɪ/ /ə/ prefix
a-
Not, without, opposite of.

a.m. adv
avant-midi du matin
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from midnight to noon (the first half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.

aardvark /ˈɑɹd.vɑɹk/ /ˈɑːd.vɑːk/ aardvarks n
oryctérope
The nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing, mammal Orycteropus afer, of the order Tubulidentata, somewhat resembling a pig, common in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa. [from late 18th c.]

aardwolf /ˈɑɹd.ˌwʊlf/ /ˈɑːdˌwʊlf/ aardwolfs aardwolves n
loup fouisseur protèle
A nocturnal, insectivorous mammal, Proteles cristatus, of southern and eastern Africa, related to and resembling the hyena. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

ab /æb/ abs n
abdo
(informal) abdominal muscle. [Mid 20th century.]

ab ovo /æˈboʊˌvoʊ/ adv
ab ovo
From the beginning. [from late 16th c.]

abaca /ˈæb.əˌkɑ/ /ˈæb.əˌkɑː/ /ˈæb.əˌkə/ abacas n
abaca
(uncountable) The fiber of this plant, used in rope, fibers, and cloth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

aback /əˈbæk/ adv
en arrière
(archaic) Towards the back or rear; backwards. [First attested prior to 1150.]
derrière
(nautical) Backward against the mast; said of the sails when pressed by the wind from the "wrong" (forward) side, or of a ship when its sails are set that way. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abacteremic adj
abactériémique

abaculus /əˈbæk.jə.ləs/ abaculi n
abacule
(archaic) A small tile of glass, marble, or other substance, of various colors, used in making ornamental patterns in mosaic pavements; abaciscus.

abacus /ˈæbə.kəs/ abaci abacuses n
abaque boulier boulier compteur
A device used for performing arithmetical calculations; (rare) a table on which loose counters are placed, or (more commonly) an instrument with beads sliding on rods, or counters in grooves, with one row of beads or counters representing units, the next tens, etc. [from late 17th c.]
abaque tailloir
(architecture) The uppermost portion of the capital of a column immediately under the architrave, in some cases a flat oblong or square slab, in others more decorated. [from mid 16th c.]

abaft /əˈbæft/ /əˈbɑːft/ more abaft most abaft adv
sur l'arrière vers l'arrière
(nautical) On the aft side; in the stern. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abaft /əˈbæft/ /əˈbɑːft/ preposition
en arrière de sur l'arrière de
(nautical) Behind; toward the stern relative to some other object or position; aft of. [First attested around the late 15th century.]

abalone /æb.əˈloʊ.ni/ /æb.əˈləʊ.ni/ /ˈæb.əˌloʊ.ni/ abalones n
haliotide ormeau
(North America, Australia) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl. [from mid-19th c.]

abandon /əˈbæn.dən/ v
abandonner
(transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
(transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]

abandon ship v
quitter le navire
(nautical, literal) To leave or forsake a ship due to its impending doom.
(by extension) To leave a person or organization when things become difficult.

abandonable more abandonable most abandonable adj
abandonnable
Able to be abandoned; suitable for abandonment.

abandoned /əˈbæn.dn̩d/ more abandoned most abandoned adj
dévergondé dévergondée
Having given oneself up to vice; immoral; extremely wicked, or sinning without restraint; irreclaimably wicked. [First attested from 1350 to 1470]
abandonné
No longer maintained by its former owners, residents, or caretakers; forsaken, deserted. [Late 15th century]

abandonee /əˈbæn.dəˌni/ abandonees n
abandonnataire

abandonment /əˈbæn.dn̩.mn̩t/ abandonments n
désertion abandon
The act of abandoning, or the state of being abandoned; total desertion; relinquishment. [Late 16th century.]
désertion
The cessation of service on a particular segment of the lines of a common carrier, as granted by a government agency.
abandon
Abandon; careless freedom or ease; surrender to one's emotions. [Mid 19th century.]

abandonware abandonwares n
abandogiciel logiciel abandonné
(software, chiefly, _, video games) A software product that is no longer updated or maintained, or whose copyright is no longer defended or which is no longer marketed even by the company who made it.

abase /əˈbeɪs/ v
humilier abaisser baisser rabaisser
(transitive) To lower, as in condition in life, office, rank, etc., so as to cause pain or hurt feelings; to degrade, to depress, to humble, to humiliate. [from c. 1350–1470]

abasement /əˈbeɪs.mənt/ abasements n
humiliation
The act of abasing, humbling, or bringing low. [Mid 16th century.]

abash /əˈbæʃ/ v
confondre
(transitive) To make ashamed; to embarrass; to destroy the self-possession of, as by exciting suddenly a consciousness of guilt, mistake, or inferiority; to disconcert; to discomfit. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350).]

abashed /əˈbæʃt/ more abashed most abashed adj
confus décontenancé
Embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed.

abasia /ə.ˈbeɪ.zi.ə/ /ə.ˈbeɪ.ʒi.ə/ /ə.ˈbeɪ.ʒə/ abasias n
abasie
(medical) An inability to walk due to a defect in muscular coordination.

abatacept n
abatacept
(pharmaceutical drug) A fusion protein composed of an immunoglobulin fused to the extracellular domain of CTLA-4, a molecule capable of binding B7, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

abate /əˈbeɪt/ v
abaisser abattre déprimer
To bring down (someone) mentally or physically; to lower (someone) in status. [14th–17th c.]
cesser
To demolish or level to the ground (a building or other structure). [from early 15th c.]
diminuer réduire amoindrir descendre ralentir
To lessen (something) in force or intensity; to moderate. [from 14th c.]
déduire retrancher
Chiefly followed by from, of, etc.: to omit or remove (a part from a whole); to deduct, to subtract. [15th–19th c.]
rabattre
To reduce (something) in amount or size. [from 14th c.]
réduire
To lower in price or value; (law) specifically, of a bequest in a will: to lower in value because the testator's estate is insufficient to satisfy all the bequests in full. [from early 18th c.]

abatement /əˈbeɪt.mənt/ abatements n
réduction
The act of abating, or the state of being abated; a lessening, diminution, or reduction; a moderation; removal or putting an end to; the suppression. [First attested from 1340 to 1470.]
défalcation
(accounting) The deduction of minor revenues incidental to an operation in calculating the cost of the operation.
abattement crédit diminution déduction dégrèvement réduction
An amount abated; that which is taken away by way of reduction; deduction; decrease; a rebate or discount allowed; in particular from a tax. [Late 15th century.]
abaissement
(heraldry) A mark of dishonor on an escutcheon; any figure added to the coat of arms tending to lower the dignity or station of the bearer. [Early 17th century.]

abattoir /ˈæb.əˌtwɑ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑɹ/ /ˈæb.əˌtwɑː(ɹ)/ abattoirs n
abattoir
A public slaughterhouse for cattle, sheep, etc. [Early 19th century.]

abaya /əˈbeɪ.jə/ abayas n
abaya
Synonym of aba

abbacy /ˈæb.ə.si/ abbacies n
abbatiat
The dignity, estate, term, or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abbatial /əˈbeɪ.ʃl̩/ /ˈæˌbeɪ.ʃl̩/ more abbatial most abbatial adj
abbatial
Belonging to, relating to, or pertaining to an abbey, abbot, or abbess. [Late 17th century.]

abbess /ˈæb.ɛs/ /ˈæb.ɪs/ abbesses n
abbesse
A female superior or governess of a nunnery, or convent of nuns, having the same authority over the nuns which the abbots have over the monks. [First attested around 1150 to 1350]

abbey /ˈæb.i/ abbeys n
abbaye
A monastery or society of people, secluded from the world and devoted to religion and celibacy, which is headed by an abbot or abbess; also, the monastic building or buildings. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
The church of a monastery. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abbot /ˈæb.ət/ abbots n
abbé
The superior or head of an abbey or monastery. [First attested around the early 12th century.]

abbreviate /ə.ˈbɹiː.vi.eɪt/ /əˈbɹi.vi.eɪt/ v
abréger
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten (in time); to abridge; to shorten by ending sooner than planned. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abbreviated /əˈbɹi.viˌeɪ.tɪd/ /əˈbɹiːvieɪtɪd/ more abbreviated most abbreviated adj
abrégé
Shortened; made briefer.
Relatively short; shorter than normal, or compared to others.

abbreviation /əˌbɹi.viˈeɪ.ʃn̩/ /əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ abbreviations n
abréviation
(linguistics) A shortened or contracted form of a word or phrase, used to represent the whole, utilizing omission of letters, and sometimes substitution of letters, or duplication of initial letters to signify plurality, including signs such as +, =, @. [Late 16th century.]
(music) One or more dashes through the stem of a note, dividing it respectively into quavers, semiquavers, demisemiquavers, or hemidemisemiquavers.

abbreviative more abbreviative most abbreviative adj
abréviatif
Tending to abbreviate; condensed.

abc conjecture abc conjectures n
conjecture abc
(number theory) Given coprime positive integers a, b and c, such that a + b = c, and d the radical of abc (the product of its distinct prime factors), the conjecture that d is usually not much smaller than c (in other words, that if a and b are divisible by large powers of primes, then c usually is not).

abdicant /ˈæb.dɪ.kn̩t/ abdicants n
abdicataire
One who abdicates. [Mid 17th century.]

abdicate /ˈæb.dɪˌkeɪt/ v
abdiquer
(transitive, obsolete) To disclaim and expel from the family, as a father his child; to disown; to disinherit. [mid 16th – early 19th c.]
(transitive, obsolete) To reject; to cast off; to discard. [mid 16th – late 17th c.]
(transitive) To surrender, renounce or relinquish, as sovereign power; to withdraw definitely from filling or exercising, as a high office, station, dignity; to fail to fulfill responsibility for. [from mid 17th c.]
(intransitive) To relinquish or renounce a throne, or other high office or dignity; to renounce sovereignty. [First attested in the early 18th c.]

abdication /ˌæb.dəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ abdications n
abdication
The act of abdicating; the renunciation of a high office, dignity, or trust, by its holder. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abdicative /ˈæb.dəˌkeɪ.tɪv/ /ˈæb.dəˌkə.tɪv/ more abdicative most abdicative adj
abdicatif
(rare) Causing, or implying, abdication.

abdomen /æbˈdoʊ.mən/ /æbˈdəʊ.mən/ /ˈæb.də.mən/ abdomens abdomina n
abdomen
(obsolete) The fat surrounding the belly. [mid 16th c. – late 17th c.]
(anatomy) The cavity of the belly, which is lined by the peritoneum, and contains the viscera; often restricted in humans to the part between the diaphragm and the commencement of the pelvis, the remainder being called the pelvic cavity. [from early 17th c.]

abdominal /æbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /æbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɑm.ə.nl̩/ /əbˈdɒm.ə.nl̩/ more abdominal most abdominal adj
abdominal
Of or pertaining to the abdomen; ventral. [Mid 18th century.]

abdominal cavity abdominal cavities n
cavité abdominale
(anatomy) The hollow portion of the torso within the abdomen, containing the abdominal organs, in mammals below the diaphragm.

abdominal wall abdominal walls n
paroi abdominale
The layer of muscles that surrounds the abdominal cavity and contains the abdominal organs.

abdominally /æbˈdɑm.ɪ.nə.li/ adv
abdominalement au niveau abdominal
In the area of the abdomen. [Late 19th century.]

abdominocentesis /æbˌdɑm.ɪ.noʊ.sɜnˈti.səs/ abdominocenteses n
abdominocentèse
(surgery) Extraction of peritoneal fluid from the abdomen for evaluation, using a trocar

abdominous /æbˈdɑm.ə.nəs/ /æbˈdɒm.ə.nəs/ more abdominous most abdominous adj
ventru
Having a protuberant belly; potbellied. [Mid 17th century.]

abduct /æbˈdʌkt/ /əbˈdʌkt/ v
ravir enlever
(transitive) To take away by force; to carry away (a human being) wrongfully and usually with violence or deception; to kidnap. [Early 17th century.]

abduction /æbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /æbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdək.ʃn̩/ /əbˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ /ˈeɪ.ˈbiː.dʌk.ʃn̩/ abductions n
enlèvement
Leading away; a carrying away. [Early 17th century.]
abduction
(anatomy) The act of abducing or abducting; a drawing apart; the movement which separates a limb or other part from the axis, or middle line, of the body. [Mid 17th century.]
(logic) A syllogism or form of argument in which the major premise is evident, but the minor is only probable. [Late 17th century.]
enlèvement rapt
(legal) The wrongful, and usually forcible, carrying off of a human being. [Mid 18th century.]

abductor /æbˈdʌk.tɚ/ abductors n
abducteur abducteuse ravisseur ravisseuse
One who abducts; a kidnapper. [mid 19th century]

abed /əˈbɛd/ adv
au lit
(archaic) In bed, or on the bed; confined to bed. [First attested from 1150 to 1350.]

abelian /əˈbi.li.ən/ /əˈbil.jən/ /əˈbiːlɪən/ adj
abélien commutatif abélienne commutative
(mathematics) Of a binary function, commutative.

abelian group /əˈbi.li.ən ɡɹup/ /əˈbil.jən ɡɹup/ abelian groups n
groupe abélien groupe commutatif
(algebra) A group in which the group operation is commutative.

abelmosk /ˈeɪblmɑsk/ /ˈeɪblmɒsk/ /ˈeɪbəlmɒsk/ /ˈeɪbəlˌmɑsk/ abelmosks n
ambrette
The tropical evergreen shrub Abelmoschus moschatus itself.

abeng /æ-/ /æˈbɛŋ/ /əˈbɛŋ/ /ˈæbɛŋ/ abengs n
abeng
(Jamaica, wind instrument) An animal (usually bull) horn used by the Maroon people of Jamaica as a musical instrument; and also (historical) formerly by slaveholders to summon slaves to canefields and by the Maroon army to communicate cryptic messages over great distances.

aberrance /æˈbɛɹ.n̩ts/ /ˈæ.bɛɹ.n̩s/ aberrances n
aberrance
State of being aberrant; a wandering from the right way; deviation from truth, rectitude. [Mid 17th century.]

aberrant /əˈbeɹ.ənt/ /əˈbɛɹ.ənt/ /ˈæb.ə.ɹənt/ more aberrant most aberrant adj
aberrant
Differing from the norm. [First attested sometime between the mid 16th century and the early 17th century.]
(sometimes, figuratively) Straying from the right way; deviating from morality or truth. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

aberration /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ aberrations n
aberration
The act of wandering; deviation from truth, moral rectitude; abnormal; divergence from the straight, correct, proper, normal, or from the natural state. [Late 16th century.]
(optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.]
A partial alienation of reason. [Early 19th century.]
A mental disorder, especially one of a minor or temporary character. [Early 19th century.]
(zoology, botany) Atypical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.]
(medicine) A deviation of a tissue, organ or mental functions from what is considered to be within the normal range.
aberration anomalie anormalité
(astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.]

abessive /æˈbɛ.sɪv/ /ˈæˌbɛ.sɪv/ abessives n
abessif
(grammar) The abessive case, or a word in this case. [19th century.]

abessive case abessive cases n
abessif
(grammatical case) A grammatical case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition without or the affix -less.

abet /əˈbɛt/ v
encourager
(transitive) To incite; to assist or encourage by aid or countenance in crime. [from ca. 1350–1470]

abettor /əˈbɛtə/ /əˈbɛtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] abettors n
complice incitateur incitatrice
One that abets an offender; one that incites; instigates; encourages. [First attested from 1350 to 1470.]
complice
A supporter or advocate. [Late 16th century.]

abeyance /əˈbeɪ.əns/ abeyances n
vacance vacant
(legal) Expectancy; a condition when an ownership of real property is undetermined; lapse in succession of ownership of estate, or title. [Late 16th century]
en suspens suspension
Suspension; temporary suppression; dormant condition. [Mid 17th century]

abhor /æbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔɹ/ /əbˈhɔː(ɹ)/ v
abhorrer avoir horreur
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) as horrifying or detestable; to feel great repugnance toward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abhorrence /æbˈhɑɹ.n̩(t)s/ /æbˈhɔɹ.n̩(t)s/ /əbˈhɒɹ.n̩(t)s/ abhorrences n
aversion horreur répulsion
Extreme aversion or detestation; the feeling of utter dislike or loathing. [Mid 17th century.]

abhorrent /æbˈ(h)ɒɹ.ənt/ /æbˈhɑɹ.ənt/ /æbˈhɔɹ.ənt/ /əbˈ(h)ɒɹ.ənt/ more abhorrent most abhorrent adj
répugnant
Detestable or repugnant. [Early 19th century.]

abide /əˈbaɪd/ v
demeurer endurer
(transitive) To endure without yielding; to withstand. [from mid-12th c.]
demeurer supporter tolérer
(transitive) To bear patiently. [from late 15th c.]
demeurer souffrir
(transitive) To pay for; to stand the consequences of. [from late 16th c.]
demeurer
Used in a phrasal verb: .
(intransitive, obsolete) To wait in expectation. [mid-12th–mid-17th c.]
(intransitive, obsolete) To pause; to delay. [from ca. 1150—1350 to mid-17th c.]
(intransitive, archaic) To have one's abode. [from ca. 1350—1470]
(intransitive, archaic) To endure; to remain; to last. [from ca. 1350—1470]
(transitive, archaic) To stand ready for; to await for someone; watch for. [from early 12th c.]
(transitive, obsolete) To endure or undergo a hard trial or a task; to stand up under. [from ca. 1150—1350 to early 18th c.]
(transitive, archaic) To await submissively; accept without question; submit to. [from ca. 1350—1470]
demeurer rester
(intransitive, archaic, Scotland) To stay; to continue in a place; to remain stable or fixed in some state or condition; to be left. [from ca. 1150—1350]

abide by v
conformer obéir soumettre
(transitive) To accept (a decision or law) and act in accordance with it; to conform to (a decision or law); to acquiesce to (a decision or law).
rester tenir
(transitive) To remain faithful to (something or someone); to adhere to (an idea or plan).

abiding /əˈbaɪ.dɪŋ/ more abiding most abiding adj
continuel sempiternel
Continuing or persisting in the same state: lasting, enduring; steadfast. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abies /ˈeɪ.biˌiz/ /ˈæ.biˌiz/ abies n
abies

abigeat /əˈbɪd͡ʒi.ət/ n
abigéat
(archaic) Theft of cattle by driving it away with the intention of feloniously appropriating it.

ability /əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ abilities n
capacité pouvoir habileté
(uncountable) The quality or state of being able; capacity to do or of doing something; having the necessary power. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

abiogenesis /-nɪ-/ /-ˌbaɪə-/ /-ˌbiːoʊ-/ /-ˌbiːə-/ /ˌeɪbaɪəʊˈdʒɛnəsɪs/ /ˌeɪˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ abiogeneses n
abiogenèse
(evolutionary theory) The origination of living organisms from lifeless matter; such genesis as does not involve the action of living parents. [from 1870]

abiotic /ˌeɪ.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/ adj
abiotique
Nonliving, inanimate, characterised by the absence of life; of inorganic matter. [Mid 20th century.]

abjad abjads n
abjad
A writing system for Arabic, historically also employed as a numeral system, in which there is one glyph (symbol or letter) for each consonant but vowels are not specified.
(linguistics) Any writing system in which glyphs are used to represent consonants or consonantal phonemes, but not vowels.

abjadic adj
abjadique

abject /ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/ abjecter abjectest more abject most abject adj
abject misérable fangeux
Existing in or sunk to a low condition, position, or state; contemptible, despicable, miserable. [from early 15th c.]
abject abjecte méprisable
Of a person: cast down in hope or spirit; showing utter helplessness, hopelessness, or resignation; also, grovelling; ingratiating; servile. [from mid 14th c.]

abject /ˈæbd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈæbˌd͡ʒɛkt/ abjects n
misérable paria
A person in the lowest and most despicable condition; an oppressed person; an outcast; also, such people as a class. [from early 16th c.]

abjectly /-ˈd͡ʒɛkli/ /æbˈd͡ʒɛktli/ /ˈæbd͡ʒɛktli/ more abjectly most abjectly adv
abjectement
In an abject fashion; with great shame; desperately. [first attested c. 1350–1470]

abjuration /ˌæb.d͡ʒəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.d͡ʒʊɹˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌæb.d͡ʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ abjurations n
abjuration
A solemn recantation or renunciation on oath; as, an abjuration of heresy. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abjure /æbˈd͡ʒʊɹ/ v
abjurer
(transitive) To reject with solemnity; to abandon forever; to repudiate; to disclaim. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

ablactation /ˌæb.lækˈteɪ.ʃn̩/ ablactations n
sevrage
The weaning of a child from the breast, or of young animals from their dam. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

ablative /əˈbleɪ.tɪv/ /ˈæb.lə.tɪv/ adj
ablatif
(grammar) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]

ablative absolute /ˈæb.lə.tɪv æb.soʊˈlut/ /ˈæb.lə.tɪv æb.səˈlut/ ablative absolutes ablatives absolute n
ablatif absolu
(grammar) A construction in Latin and other sister languages in which an independent phrase with a noun in the ablative case has a participle, adjective, or noun, expressed or implied, which agrees with it in gender, number and case – both words forming a clause grammatically unconnected with the rest of the sentence.

ablative case ablative cases n
ablatif
(grammar) A noun case used in some languages to indicate movement away from something, removal, separation. In English grammar, it corresponds roughly to the use in English of prepositions "of", "from", "away from", and "concerning". In Latin grammar, the ablative case (cāsus ablātīvus) includes functions derived from the Indo-European ablative, instrumental, comitative, associative and locative cases; these cases express concepts similar to those of the English prepositions "of"/"from", "by", "with", "to"/"with", and "at"/"in", respectively. Here/hence/hither, there/thence/thither, and where/whence/whither are the only English words with separate forms for the ablative (motion away from) and lative (motion towards) cases.

ablaut /ˈæbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑbˌlaʊt/ /ˈɑpˌlaʊt/ ablauts n
apophonie
(phonology) The substitution of one root vowel for another, thus indicating a corresponding modification of use or meaning; vowel permutation, distinct from the phonetic influence of a succeeding vowel. [Mid 19th century.]

ablaze /əˈbleɪz/ more ablaze most ablaze adj
embrasé
Burning fiercely; in a blaze; on fire. [18th century.]

ablaze /əˈbleɪz/ more ablaze most ablaze adv
flamme
On fire; in a blaze. [Early 19th century.]

able /ˈeɪ.bəl/ [ˈeɪ̯.bɫ̩] abler ablest adj
capable
Free from constraints preventing completion of task; permitted to; not prevented from. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
capable expérimenté
Gifted with skill, intelligence, knowledge, or competence. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
habilité
(law) Legally qualified or competent. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

able-bodied /ˈeɪ.bl̩ˌbɑ.did/ more able-bodied most able-bodied adj
robuste solide
(possessional) Having a sound, strong body; physically competent; robust; fit for service.

ableism /ˈeɪ.bəl.ɪz.m̩/ n
capacitisme validisme
Discrimination against persons with disabilities or in favour of those without. [from late 20th c.]

ablet ablets n
ablette
A small fresh-water fish (Alburnus alburnus); the bleak.

ablution /əˈblu.ʃn̩/ /əˈbluː.ʃn̩/ ablutions n
ablution
The act of washing or cleansing the body, or some part of it, as a religious rite. [From mid 16th century.]
(Western, _, Christianity) The rinsing of the priest's hand and the sacred vessel following the Communion with, depending on rite, water or a mix of it and wine, which may then be drunk by the priest. [from 17th c.]

ably /ˈeɪ.bli/ /ˈeɪ.bə.li/ more ably most ably adv
habilement
In an able manner; with great ability. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abnegate /ˈæb.ni.ɡeɪt/ /ˈæb.nɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
abnéguer
(transitive) To deny (oneself something); to renounce or give up (a right, a power, a claim, a privilege, a convenience). [First attested in the early 17th century.]
(transitive) To relinquish; to surrender; to abjure. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

abnegation /ˌæbnəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌæbnɪˈɡeɪʃən/ abnegations n
abnégation
A denial; a renunciation; denial of desire or self-interest. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abnormal /əbˈnɔɹ.ml̩/ /ˈæbˌnɔɹ.ml̩/ more abnormal most abnormal adj
anormal exceptionnel hors norme inhabituel
Not conforming to rule or system; deviating from the usual or normal type. [First attested around the mid 19th century.]
anormal anormale
Of or pertaining to that which is irregular, in particular, behaviour that deviates from norms of social propriety or accepted standards of mental health. [First attested around the early 20th century.]

abnormality /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɔɹˈmæl.ɪt.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ət.i/ /ˌæbˌnɚˈmæl.ɪt.i/ abnormalities n
anormalité anomalie
The state or quality of being abnormal; variation; irregularity. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abnormally /æbˈnɔɹ.mə.li/ more abnormally most abnormally adv
anormalement
In an abnormal manner; in a way that deviates from a standard, norm, or average. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

aboard /əˈbɔɹd/ /əˈbɔːd/ adv
à bord
On board; into or within a ship or boat; hence, into or within a railway car. [from ca. 1350—1470]

aboard /əˈbɔɹd/ /əˈbɔːd/ preposition
à bord de
On board of; onto or into a ship, boat, train, plane. [from ca. 1350—1470]

abode /əˈboʊd/ /əˈbəʊd/ [ʔəˈboʊːd̥̚] abodes n
demeure
(dated, or, legal) Stay or continuance in a place; sojourn. [Attested from (1350 to 1470) to the mid 18th century.]
(formal) A residence, dwelling or habitation. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]

abolish /əˈbɑl.əʃ/ /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ/ /əˈbɒlɪʃ/ v
abolir supprimer
To end a law, system, institution, custom or practice. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]
détruire
(archaic) To put an end to or destroy, as a physical object; to wipe out. [First attested from around 1350 to 1470.]

abolishment /əˈbɑl.ɪʃ.mənt/ abolishments n
abolissement abolition abrogation
The act of abolishing; abolition; destruction. [First attested from the mid 16th century.]

abolition /ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.n̩/ abolitions n
abolition
The act of abolishing; an annulling; abrogation. [First attested around the early 16th century.]

abolitionism /ˌæb.əˈlɪʃ.əˌnɪz.m̩/ abolitionisms n
abolitionnisme
Support for the abolition of something; the tenets of abolitionists. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

abolitionist /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.əst/ /ˌæ.bə.ˈlɪʃ.n̩.ɪst/ abolitionists n
abolitionniste
A person who favors the abolition of any particular institution or practice. [since the late 18th century]

abomasum /ˌæb.oʊˈmeɪ.səm/ abomasa abomasums n
caillette
(biology, food) The fourth or digestive compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant, after the omasum;the lining of said compartment, considered as a foodstuff.

abominable /ɘˈbɔm.ɘ.nɘ.bɯ/ /əˈbɑm.nə.bl̩/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bl̩/ more abominable most abominable adj
abominable
Worthy of, or causing, abhorrence, as a thing of evil omen; odious in the utmost degree; very hateful; detestable; loathsome; execrable. [first attested around 1150 to 1350]

abominable snowman /əˈbɑm.nə.bl̩ ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bl̩ ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ abominable snowmen n
yéti abominable homme des neiges
(cryptozoology, often, capitalized) A humanoid or apelike animal said to exist in the Himalayas.

abominably /əˈbɑm.nə.bli/ /əˈbɑm.ə.nə.bli/ more abominably most abominably adv
abominablement
In an abominable manner; very odiously; detestably. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abominate /ə.ˈbɒm.ə.nət/ /ə.ˈbɒm.ə.ˌneɪt/ /ə.ˈbɒm.ɪ.ˌneɪt/ /əˈbɒm.əˌneɪt/ /əˈbɒm.ɪˌneɪt/ v
abominer
(transitive) To feel disgust towards; to loathe or detest thoroughly; to hate in the highest degree, as if with religious dread. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

abomination /əˌbɑ.məˈneɪ.ʃən/ /əˌbɑ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /əˌbɒ.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ abominations n
abomination
(countable) An abominable act; a disgusting vice; a despicable habit. [from ca. 1150–1350]
(uncountable) The feeling of extreme disgust and hatred [from ca. 1350–1470]

abonnement /æˈbɔn.mɑ̃/ abonnements n
abonnement
A subscription or season ticket in a French-speaking country or another country where abonnement is the local term. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.n̩.l̩/ /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪn.l̩/ more aboriginal most aboriginal adj
aborigène indigène
First according to historical or scientific records; original; indigenous; primitive. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

aborigine /ˌæb.əˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ aborigines n
aborigène autochtone
A native inhabitant of a country; a member of the original people. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

abort /əˈbɔɹt/ /əˈbɔːt/ aborts n
avorton
(military, aeronautics) An early termination of a mission, action, or procedure in relation to missiles or spacecraft; the craft making such a mission.
fausse couche avorton
(now, rare) The product of a miscarriage; an aborted offspring; an abortion. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
fausse couche
(obsolete) A miscarriage; an untimely birth; an abortion. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 17th century.]

abort /əˈbɔɹt/ /əˈbɔːt/ v
avorter interrompre abandonner
(transitive, intransitive) To cause a premature termination of (a fetus); to end a pregnancy before term. [Attested since at least the 19th century.]
fausse couche avorter
(transitive, biology) To cause an organism to develop minimally; to cause rudimentary development to happen; to prevent maturation. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
interrompre abandonner s'arrêter échouer
(transitive, computing) To terminate a process prior to completion.

aborted /əˈbɔrtɪd/ adj
avorté
Brought forth prematurely.
Checked in normal development at an early stage.

abortifacient /əˌbɔɹ.təˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/ /əˌbɔɹ.tɪˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/ more abortifacient most abortifacient adj
abortif
(pharmaceutical effect) Producing miscarriage. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abortifacient /əˌbɔɹ.təˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/ /əˌbɔɹ.tɪˈfeɪ.ʃn̩t/ abortifacients n
abortif remède abortif
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or an agent that induces an abortion. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abortion /əˈbɔɹ.ʃn̩/ abortions n
avortement IVG interruption volontaire de grossesse
An induced abortion.
(medicine) The expulsion from the womb of a foetus or embryo before it is fully developed, with loss of the foetus.[from 16th c.]
fausse couche avortement
A spontaneous abortion; a miscarriage.
avortement IVG avorton interruption volontaire de grossesse
(biology) Arrest of development of any organ, so that it remains an imperfect formation or is absorbed. [from 18th c.]

abortion clinic abortion clinics n
avortoir
A clinic where abortions are performed.

abortionist /əˈbɔɹ.ʃə.nɪst/ abortionists n
avorteur avorteuse médecin avorteur
(now, sometimes, offensive) A person who performs abortions, especially illegally or secretly. [from 1844]

abortive /əˈbɔɹ.tɪv/ /əˈbɔː.tɪv/ more abortive most abortive adj
abortif
(obsolete) Produced by abortion; born prematurely and therefore unnatural. [c. 1400–mid 1700s]
abortif abortive
(biology) Imperfectly formed or developed; rudimentary; sterile. [from mid 1700s]
(medicine, pharmaceutical effect, rare) Causing abortion; abortifacient.
(medicine) Cutting short; acting to halt or slow the progress (of a disease).

abound /əˈbaʊnd/ v
foisonner
(intransitive) To be present or available in large numbers or quantities; to be plentiful. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470).]
abonder en fourmiller de
(transitive with in or with) To be copiously supplied with.

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] adv
environ
Nearly; approximately; with close correspondence in quality, manner, degree, quantity, or time; almost. [from before 1150]

about /əˈbaʊt/ /əˈbɛʊt/ /əˈbʌʊt/ [əˈboʊt] [əˈbɐʊt] preposition
environ vers proche
autour
In a circle around; all round; on every side of; on the outside of. [from before 1150]
au-dessus par-dessus
Over or upon different parts of; through or over in various directions; here and there in; to and fro in; throughout. [from ca. 1150–1350]
sur le point
(with present participle, obsolete, or, dialect) On the point or verge of.
au sujet de sur de à propos de
Concerning; with regard to; on account of; on the subject of; to affect. [from ca. 1150–1350]
Concerned with; engaged in; intent on. [from ca. 1150–1350]
aux environs de
(figurative) In or near, as in mental faculties or (literally) in the possession of; under the control of; at one's command; in one's makeup. [from ca. 1350–1470]

about time adv
enfin il est grand temps que
Close to the right time.
il était temps pas trop tôt
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) Far past the desired time.

about to phraseologicalUnit
aller sur le point de
(idiomatic, with infinitive verb) Indicates something that will happen very soon; indicates action that is imminent.

about-face /əˈbaʊtˌfeɪs/ about-faces n
demi-tour revirement volte-face
(military) An abrupt turn to face the opposite direction.

about-face /əˈbaʊtˌfeɪs/ v
faire demi-tour
(intransitive) To turn 180 degrees to face the opposite direction.
faire volte-face
To change opinion or attitude drastically.

about-turn /əˈbaʊt tɚn/ about-turns n
demi-tour
(British, military) A turn of 180 degrees, typically in a military formation[First attested in the mid 20th century.].
volte-face
Total reversal of opinion or attitude[First attested in the mid 20th century.].

about-turn /əˈbaʊt tɚn/ v
faire demi-tour
(intransitive) To turn 180 degrees, typically in a military formation.

above /əˈbʌv/ adj
ci-dessus
(by ellipsis) Being located higher on the same page or on a preceding page. [first attested in the mid 18th century.]

above /əˈbʌv/ adv
en haut
Directly overhead; vertically on top of. [first attested before 1150.]
ci-dessus au-dessus
Higher in the same page; earlier in the order as far as writing products go. [first attested before 1150.]
au-dessus
In a higher place; upstairs; farther upstream. [first attested around 1150–1350]

above /əˈbʌv/ preposition
[[au-dessus]] de au-dessus
In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface. [first attested before 1150]
plus de
Surpassing in number or quantity; more than. [first attested around 1350–1470]
par-dessus
Too proud to stoop to; averse to; disinclined towards;

above all
surtout avant tout par-dessus tout
Of prime importance; before anything else; especially.

above average
[[au-dessus de]] la moyenne supérieur à la moyenne
Better than average.

above board
franchement ouvertement
(idiomatic) Openly, without deceit.
franchement honnêtement honorablement
(idiomatic) Honestly, reputably.

above the fray
al di sopra della mischia au-dessus de la mêlée
uninvolved in a difficult argument or struggle

above the law
au-dessus des lois
(idiomatic) Exempt from the laws that apply to everyone else.

above water
à flot
(idiomatic) Out of difficulty, especially financial.

above-mentioned /əˈbʌvˌmɛnʃn̩d/ adj
susmentionné susdit précité
Mentioned or named before; aforesaid.

above-quoted /əˈbʌvˌkwoʊt.əd/ adj
sus-cité

above-said /əˈbʌvˌsɜd/ adj
susdit

above-specified adj
susspécifié

abovedescribed adj
susdécrit

abovesaid adj
susdit susmentionné susnommé
Mentioned or recited before.

abracadabra /ˌab.ɹə.kəˈdab.ɹə/ /ˌæb.ɹə.kəˈdæb.ɹə/ interjection
abracadabra
Used to indicate that a magic trick or other illusion has been performed. [from 19th c.]

abrade /əˈbɹeɪd/ v
abraser
(transitive) To rub or wear off; erode. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

abrasion /əˈbɹeɪ.ʒn̩/ abrasions n
abrasion
The act of abrading, wearing, or rubbing off; the wearing away by friction. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
(geology) The effect of mechanical erosion of rock, especially a river bed, by rock fragments scratching and scraping it. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
(medicine) A superficial wound caused by scraping; an area of skin where the cells on the surface have been scraped or worn away. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

abrasive /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/ /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/ more abrasive most abrasive adj
abrasif
Producing abrasion; rough enough to wear away the outer surface. [First attested in 1805.]
rude
Being rough and coarse in manner or disposition; overly aggressive and causing irritation. [First attested in 1925.]

abrasive /əˈbɹeɪ.sɪv/ /əˈbɹeɪ.zɪv/ abrasives n
abrasif
A hard inorganic substance or material consisting in powder or granule form such as sandpaper, pumice, or emery, used for cleaning, smoothing, or polishing. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abrasively /ə.ˈbɹeɪ.sɪv.li/ more abrasively most abrasively adv
brusquement rudement
In an abrasive manner; in a rude and unkind manner; acting in a way that may hurt other people's feelings.

abrasiveness abrasivenesses n
abrasivité
The property, quality or instance of being abrasive.

abreact /ˌæb.ɹiˈækt/ v
abréagir
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To eliminate previously repressed emotions by reliving past experiences. [First attested in the early 20th century.]

abreast /əˈbɹɛst/ adv
côte à côte
Side by side and facing forward. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470.)]
au courant
Informed, well-informed, familiar, acquainted. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

abridge /əˈbɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
abréger
(transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
(transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]

abridged /əˈbɹɪd͡ʒd/ more abridged most abridged adj
abrégé
Cut or shortened, especially of a literary work.

abridgment /əˈbɹɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ abridgments n
raccourcissement
(dated, legal) Any of various brief statements of case law made before modern reporting of legal cases.

abroad /əˈbɹɑd/ /əˈbɹɔd/ /əˈbɹɔːd/ adv
à l'étranger
Beyond the bounds of a country; in foreign countries. [from 1350–1470]
dans toutes les directions de tous côtés
(dated) At large; widely; broadly; over a wide space. [from 1150–1350]
dehors
(dated) Without a certain confine; outside the house; away from one's abode. [from 1150–1350)]
à l'extérieur
(sports) Played elsewhere than one's home grounds.

abroad /əˈbɹɑd/ /əˈbɹɔd/ /əˈbɹɔːd/ n
étranger
(rare, Scotland) Countries or lands abroad. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abrupt /æbˈɹʌpt/ /əˈbɹʌpt/ abrupter abruptest more abrupt most abrupt adj
brusque precipité
Without notice to prepare the mind for the event; sudden; hasty; unceremonious. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
brusque
Curt in manner. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
abrupt
Having sudden transitions from one subject or state to another; unconnected; disjointed. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
Extremely steep or craggy as if broken up; precipitous. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abruptly /ə.ˈbɹʌpt.li/ /əˈbɹʌp.li/ more abruptly most abruptly adv
tout d'un coup abruptement précipitamment
In an abrupt manner; without giving notice, or without the usual forms; suddenly; precipitously. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abscess /ˈæbsɛs/ /ˈæbsɪs/ abscesses n
abcès
(pathology) A cavity caused by tissue destruction, usually because of infection, filled with pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

abscess /ˈæbsɛs/ /ˈæbsɪs/ v
abcéder
(intransitive) To form a pus-filled cavity, typically from an infection.

abscissa /æbˈsɪs.ə/ abscissae abscissas abscissæ n
abscisse
(geometry) The first of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes. [First attested in the late 17th century.]

absence /æbˈsɒns/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩s/ /ˈæb.s(ə)n̩ts/ /ˈæb.sn̩ts/ /ˈæbsɒns/ absences n
absence
A state of being away or withdrawn from a place or from companionship
Inattention to things present; abstraction (of mind). [First attested in the early 18th century.]
absence manque
Lack; deficiency; nonexistence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
absence absence du fer
(fencing) Lack of contact between blades.

absence makes the heart grow fonder proverb
chose rarement vue est plus chère loin des yeux, près du cœur un peu d'absence fait grand bien
(idiom) When someone or something is far away, one realizes how much one loves or misses them or it.

absent /ˈæb.sn̩t/ absenter absentest adj
absent
(not comparable) Being away from a place; withdrawn from a place; not present; missing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(not comparable) Not existing; lacking. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(comparable) Inattentive to what is passing; absent-minded; preoccupied. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

absent /æbˈsɛnt/ v
absenter

absent-minded /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd/ more absent-minded most absent-minded adj
distrait
Absent in mind; often preoccupied; forgetful or careless due to distraction; easily distracted. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absent-minded professor absent-minded professors n
professeur étourdi
A stereotypical fictional character whose focus on academic matters leads them to ignore or forget their surroundings.

absent-mindedly /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd.li/ more absent-mindedly most absent-mindedly adv
distraitement
(manner) Preoccupiedly; in an absent-minded manner. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

absent-mindedness /ˌæb.sn̩tˈmaɪn.dɪd.nəs/ absent-mindednesses n
distraction
The characteristic or state of being easily distracted or preoccupied. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

absentee /ˌæb.sn̩ˈti/ absentees n
absent
A person who is absent from his or her employment, school, post, duty, etc. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

absenteeism /æb.sənˈtiːˌɪz.m̩/ /ˌæb.sənˈtiˌɪz.m̩/ absenteeisms n
absentéisme
The state of being absent, especially frequently or without good reason; the practice of an absentee. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absinthe /ˈæb.sænθ/ /ˈæb.sæ̃θ/ /ˈæb.sɪnθ/ absinthes n
absinthe armoise
The herb absinthium Artemisia absinthium (grande wormwood); essence of wormwood. [from 1350–1470]
absinthe
A distilled, highly alcoholic, anise-flavored liquor originally made from grande wormwood, anise, and other herbs. [from mid 19th c.]

absolute /ˈæb.səˌljuːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæb.səˌluːt/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absoluter absolutest more absolute most absolute adj
absolu
Free of restrictions, limitations, qualifications or conditions; unconditional. [first attested in the late 1400s]
Characteristic of an absolutist ruler: domineering, peremptory. [first attested in the mid 1500s]
Free from imperfection, perfect, complete; especially, perfectly embodying a quality in its essential characteristics or to its highest degree. [first attested around 1400]
Pure, free from mixture or adulteration; unmixed. [first attested in the mid 1500s]
Complete, utter, outright; unmitigated, not qualified or diminished in any way. [first attested in the late 1500s]
(especially, philosophy) Fundamental, ultimate, intrinsic; not relative; independent of references or relations to other things or standards. [first attested in the late 1700s]
(grammar) Not immediately dependent on the other parts of the sentence; not in a syntactical relation with other parts of a text, or qualifying the text as a whole rather than any single word in it, like "it being over" in "it being over, she left". [first attested around 1350 to 1470]

absolute /ˈæb.səˌljuːt/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˈæb.səˌluːt/ /ˌæb.səˈlut/ absolutes n
absolu
(philosophy, usually capitalized, usually preceded by "the") A realm which exists without reference to anything else; that which can be imagined purely by itself; absolute ego.

absolute advantage absolute advantages n
avantage absolu
(economics) The capability to produce more of a given product using the same quantity or less of a given resource than a competing entity.

absolute humidity /ˈæb.səˌlut hjuˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/ /ˌæb.səˈljut hjuˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/ absolute humidities n
humidité absolue
(meteorology) In a system of moist air, the ratio of the mass of water vapor present to the volume occupied by the mixture, that is, the density of the water vapor component. Absolute humidity is usually expressed in grams of water vapor per cubic meter or, in engineering practice, in grains per cubic foot. Because this measure of atmospheric humidity is not conservative with respect to adiabatic expansion or compression, it is not commonly used by meteorologists. (Also called vapor concentration and vapor density). See relative humidity.

absolute magnitude /ˈmæɡ.nɪ.tjud/ /ˈmæɡ.nɪ.tud/ /ˈæb.səˌlut/ /ˌæb.səˈljut/ absolute magnitudes n
magnitude absolue
(astronomy) The intrinsic luminosity that a celestial body would have if viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs or about 32.6 light years.

absolute majority /ˈæb.səˌlut məˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˌæb.səˈljut məˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ absolute majorities n
majorité absolue
A true numerical majority, more than 50% of the items being counted.

absolute monarchy absolute monarchies n
monarchie absolue
(uncountable) The rule of such a monarch, as a form of government.

absolute space /ˈæb.səˌlut speɪs/ /ˌæb.səˈljut speɪs/ n
espace absolu
(physics) The Newtonian concept of an unchanging and unchangeable reference system of spatial (and temporal) coordinates that is the same for all observers

absolute superlative absolute superlatives n
superlatif absolu
In Greek: one of the degrees of comparison in an adjective that stresses an exceptional property without making a direct comparison, its closest equivalent in English being a most important letter, a very high mountain or absolutely pure water. It is formed by adding the suffix -τατος (declined) to the adjective's nominative, neuter singular.

absolute temperature /ˈtɜmp.ə.ɹə.tjɚ/ /ˈtɜmp.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɜmp.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃʊɹ/ /ˈtɜmp.ɹə.tjʊɹ/ /ˈtɜmp.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɜmp.ɹə.t͡ʃʊɹ/ /ˈæb.səˌlut / /ˌæb.səˈljut/ absolute temperatures n
température absolue
Thermodynamic temperature; temperature measured on an absolute scale such as the Kelvin scale.

absolute time /ˈæb.səˌlut taɪm/ /ˌæb.səˈljut taɪm/ n
temps absolu
(physics) The Newtonian concept of an unchanging and unchangeable reference system of time (and spatial) coordinates that is the same for all observers

absolute value /ˈæb.səˌlut ˈvæl.ju/ /ˌæb.səˈljut ˈvæl.ju/ absolute values n
valeur absolue module
(mathematics) For a complex number a+bi, the principal square root of the sum of the squares of its real and imaginary parts, \sqrt{a^2+b^2}. Denoted by
|.

absolute zero /ˈæb.səˌlut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ /ˌæb.səˈljut ˈzi.ɹoʊ/ absolute zeros n
zéro absolu
(physics) The coldest possible temperature, zero on the Kelvin scale, or approximately −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F; total absence of heat; temperature at which motion of all molecules would cease. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absolutely /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ adv
absolument
In an absolute or unconditional manner; utterly, positively, wholly.

absolutely /ˈæb.səˌl(j)uːt.li/ /ˈæb.səˌlut.li/ /ˌæb.səˈl(j)uːt.li/ /ˌæb.səˈlut.li/ interjection
absolument mets-en
Yes, certainly; expression indicating strong agreement.

absolutism /ˈæb.sə.ljuː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.sə.luː.tɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌljuˌtɪz.m̩/ /ˈæb.səˌluˌtɪz.m̩/ absolutisms n
absolutisme
(political science, sociology) The principles or practice of absolute or arbitrary government; despotism. [First attested in the early 19th century.]

absolutist /ˈæb.səˌljuː.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.tɪst/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.tɪst/ absolutists n
absolutiste
One who is in favor of an absolute or autocratic government. [from mid 19th c.]

absolutive /ˌæbsəˈluːtɪv/ adj
absolutif
(grammar) Of or pertaining to the grammatical case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action.

absolutive case absolutive cases n
absolutif
(grammatical case) case used to indicate the patient or experiencer of a verb’s action. The absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb, as well as the object of a transitive verb (inasmuch as they are codified in the English nominative-accusative system). Some languages that employ the absolutive case include Abkhaz, Basque, Chechen, Dyirbal, Hindi, Inuktitut, Hiligaynon, and Yup'ik.

absolutize /ˈæb.sə.lju.taɪz/ /ˈæb.sə.ljuː.taɪz/ /ˈæb.səˌlu.taɪz/ /ˈæb.səˌluː.taɪz/ v
absolutiser
(transitive) To make absolute. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

absolutory /æbˈsɑl.jəˌtɔɹ.i/ more absolutory most absolutory adj
absolutoire
Serving to absolve; absolving; giving absolution.

absolve /æbˈsɑlv/ /æbˈzɑlv/ /əbˈsɑlv/ /əbˈzɑlv/ /əbˈzɒlv/ v
absoudre
(transitive) To set free, release or discharge (from obligations, debts, responsibility etc.). [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(transitive) To pronounce free from or give absolution for a penalty, blame, or guilt. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]

absorb /æbˈsɔɹb/ /æbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔɹb/ /əbˈsɔːb/ /əbˈzɔɹb/ /əbˈzɔːb/ v
absorber
(transitive) To include so that it no longer has separate existence; to overwhelm; to cause to disappear as if by swallowing up; to incorporate; to assimilate; to take in and use up. [first attested c. 1350 to 1470.]
absorber éponger
(transitive) To suck up; to drink in; to imbibe, like a sponge or as the lacteals of the body; to chemically take in. [first attested in the early 17th century.]

absorbable /əbˈsɔɹb.ə.bl̩/ /əbˈzɔɹb.ə.bl̩/ more absorbable most absorbable adj
absorbable
Capable of being absorbed or swallowed up.

absorbed /æbˈsɔɹbd/ /æbˈzɔɹbd/ /əbˈsɔɹbd/ /əbˈzɔɹbd/ more absorbed most absorbed adj
absorbé captivé
Fully occupied with one's thoughts; engrossed. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

absorbency /æb.sɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /æb.zɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /əb.sɔɹ.bn̩.si/ /əb.zɔɹ.bn̩.si/ absorbencies n
absorbance
The quality of being absorbent.
(physics) The ratio of the absorbance or optical density of a substance to that of a similar body of pure solvent.

absorbent /æbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔː.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔː.bn̩t/ more absorbent most absorbent adj
absorbant
Having the ability or tendency to absorb; able to soak up liquid easily; absorptive. [First attested in the early 18th century.]

absorbent /æbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈsɔː.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bn̩t/ /əbˈzɔː.bn̩t/ absorbents n
absorbant
Anything which absorbs. [First attested in the early 18th century.]
(medicine) Any substance which absorbs and neutralizes acid fluid in the stomach and bowels, as magnesia, chalk, etc.; also a substance, e.g., iodine, which acts on the absorbent vessels so as to reduce enlarged and indurated parts.

absorber /æbˈsɔɹ.bɚ/ /æbˈzɔɹ.bɚ/ /əbˈsɔɹ.bɚ/ /əbˈzɔɹ.bɚ/ absorbers n
absorbant
A device which causes gas or vapor to be absorbed by a liquid. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

absorption /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /æbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈsɔːp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩/ /əbˈzɔːp.ʃn̩/ absorptions n
absorption
(chemistry, physics) the imbibing or reception by molecular or chemical action, of radiant energy; the process of being neutrons being absorbed by the nucleus; interception. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]
The act or process of absorbing or of being absorbed as,
(physiology) in living organisms, the process by which the materials of growth and nutrition are absorbed and conveyed to the tissues and organs; taking in by various means, such as by osmosis. [First attested in the mid 18th century.]

absorption spectroscopy n
spectroscopie d'absorption

absorption spectrum /æbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩ ˈspɜk.tɹəm/ /æbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩ ˈspɜk.tɹəm/ /əbˈsɔɹp.ʃn̩ ˈspɜk.tɹəm/ /əbˈzɔɹp.ʃn̩ ˈspɜk.tɹəm/ absorption spectra absorption spectrums n
spectre d'absorption
(physics) The characteristic pattern of dark lines or bands that occurs when electromagnetic radiation is passed through an absorbing medium into a spectroscope.

absorptivity /æbˌsɔɹpˈtɪvə.ti/ /əbˌsɔɹpˈtɪvə.ti/ absorptivities n
absorptivité
The quality of being absorptive; absorptiveness. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abstain /æbˈsteɪn/ /əbˈsteɪn/ v
s'abstenir abstenir
(intransitive) Refrain from (something or doing something); keep from doing, especially an indulgence. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstention /æbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/ /æbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɛn.ʃn̩/ abstentions n
abstention
(obsolete) The act of restraining oneself. [Attested from the early 16th century until the med 17th century.]
The act of abstaining or refraining (from). [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abstentionist /æbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩.ɪst/ /æbˈstɛn.ʃn̩.ɪst/ /əbˈstɛn.t͡ʃn̩.ɪst/ /əbˈstɛn.ʃn̩.ɪst/ abstentionists n
abstentionniste
A practitioner or advocate of not getting involved politically. [First attested in the late 19th century.]

abstergent /æbˈstɝ.d͡ʒn̩t/ /əbˈstɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒn̩t/ /əbˈstɝ.d͡ʒn̩t/ abstergents n
abstersif
A substance used to cleanse; a detergent. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abstinence /ˈæb.stɪ.nəns/ abstinences n
abstinence
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; total abstinence; teetotalism). [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
The act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]
The practice of self-denial; self-restraint; forebearance from anything. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
abstinence abstinence sexuelle
Specifically, the practice of abstaining from sexual intercourse, either permanently or until marriage. [First attested around 1150 to 1350.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ abstracter abstractest more abstract most abstract adj
abstrait
(now, rare) Drawn away; removed from; apart from; separate. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
Apart from practice or reality; vague; theoretical; impersonal; not applied.
Difficult to understand; abstruse; hard to conceptualize. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
Pertaining comprehensively to, or representing, a class or group of objects, as opposed to any specific object; considered apart from any application to a particular object: general, generic, nonspecific; representational. [First attested by Locke in 1689.]
(archaic) Absent-minded. [First attested in the early 16th century.]
(arts, often, capitalized) Free from representational qualities, in particular the non-representational styles of the 20th century. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ abstracts n
résumé
An abridgement or summary of a longer publication. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abstract /əbˈstɹækt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt/ /ˌæbˈstɹækt/ v
abstraire
(transitive) To separate; to disengage. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
(transitive) To consider abstractly; to contemplate separately or by itself; to consider theoretically; to look at as a general quality. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
(transitive) To summarize; to abridge; to epitomize. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
distiller abstraire
To conceptualize an ideal subgroup by means of the generalization of an attribute, as follows: by apprehending an attribute inherent to one individual, then separating that attribute and contemplating it by itself, then conceiving of that attribute as a general quality, then despecifying that conceived quality with respect to several or many individuals, and by then ideating a group composed of those individuals perceived to possess said quality.
se retirer
(intransitive, reflexive, literally, figuratively) To withdraw oneself; to retire. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

abstract algebra /ˈæbˌstɹækt ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/ n
algèbre abstraite
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics concerned with algebraic structures, such as groups, rings, and fields.

abstract art /ˈæbˌstɹækt ɑɹt/ /ˈæbˌstɹækt ɑː(ɹ)t/ n
art abstrait
Art that does not depict objects in the natural world, but instead uses color and form in a non-representational way.

abstract class abstract classes n
classe abstraite
(object-oriented) A class that cannot be instantiated and may have abstract method.

abstract data type abstract data types n
type abstrait de données
(programming) A data type defined only by data properties and operations to be performed on the data without any specification as to how the data will be represented or the operations performed.

abstract method abstract methods n
méthode abstraite
(object-oriented) A method of an abstract class that has no implementation in that class and must therefore be implemented by all subtyping classes.

abstract noun /ˈæbˌstɹækt naʊn/ abstract nouns n
nom abstrait
(grammar) A noun that denotes an idea, emotion, feeling, quality, generalization, representation or other abstract or intangible concept, as opposed to a concrete item, or a physical object.

abstract number abstract numbers n
nombre abstrait
A number used without application to things, e.g. 6, 8, 10; but when applied to anything, e.g. 6 feet, 10 men, it becomes concrete.

abstracted /æb.ˈstɹæk.tɪd/ /əb.ˈstɹæk.tɪd/ more abstracted most abstracted adj
distrait
Inattentive to surrounding objects; absent in mind; meditative. [First attested in the early 17th century.]

abstraction /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ /əbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩/ abstractions n
abstraction
The act of focusing on one characteristic of an object rather than the object as a whole group of characteristics; the act of separating said qualities from the object or ideas. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
The act of comparing commonality between distinct objects and organizing using those similarities; the act of generalizing characteristics; the product of said generalization. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abstractionism /æbˈstɹæk.ʃn̩ˌɪz.m̩/ abstractionisms n
abstractionnisme
The creation, principles, or ideals of abstractions, in particular art. [First attested in the mid 20th century.]

abstractionist /æbˈstɹæk.ʃən.əst/ more abstractionist most abstractionist adj
abstractionniste
Related or tending to abstractionism, particularly art.

abstractionist /æbˈstɹæk.ʃən.əst/ abstractionists n
idéaliste
An idealist. [First attested in the mid 19th century.]
abstractionniste
(art) Someone who supports or creates abstract art.

abstruse /æb-/ /əbˈstɹus/ /əbˈstɹuːs/ abstruser abstrusest more abstruse most abstruse adj
abstrus abscons
Difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure. [from mid 16th c.]

abstruseness /æbˈstɹus.nəs/ /əbˈstɹus.nəs/ /əbˈstɹuːs.nəs/ abstrusenesses n
dur de comprenure
The property of being abstruse; abstrusity. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]

absurd /æbˈsɝd/ /æbˈzɝd/ /əbˈsɜːd/ /əbˈsɝd/ /əbˈzɜːd/ /əbˈzɝd/ absurder absurdest more absurd most absurd adj
absurde
Contrary to reason or propriety; obviously and flatly opposed to manifest truth; inconsistent with the plain dictates of common sense; logically contradictory; nonsensical; ridiculous; silly. [from mid-16th c.]

abugida /ɑːbuˈɡiːdə/ abugidas n
abugida alphasyllabaire
(linguistics) A kind of syllabary (syllabic alphabet) in which a symbol or glyph representing a syllable contains parts representing a vowel and a consonant, typically such that symbols for different syllables are generated by adding, altering or removing the vowel portion, often by applying a diacritic to a stable consonant symbol.

abulia /əˈb(j)uː.lɪə/ /əˈbu.li.ə/ abulias n
aboulie
(psychiatry) Absence of willpower or decisiveness, especially as a symptom of mental illness. [from 19th c.]

abundance /əˈbn̩.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩s/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩ts/ abundances n
abondance
An overflowing fullness or ample sufficiency; profusion; copious supply; superfluity; plentifulness. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abundance of caution n
par acquit de conscience
Caution used to justify preemptive measures that are likely not strictly necessary.

abundant /əˈbn̩.dn̩t/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t/ more abundant most abundant adj
abondant
Fully sufficient; found in copious supply; in great quantity; overflowing. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abundant number /əˈbn̩.dn̩t ˈnʌm.bɚ/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t ˈnʌm.bə/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t ˈnʌm.bɚ/ abundant numbers n
nombre abondant
(number theory) A number that is less than the sum of its proper divisors (all divisors except the number itself).

abundantly /əˈbn̩.dn̩t.li/ /əˈbʌn.dn̩t.li/ more abundantly most abundantly adv
abondamment
In an abundant manner; in a sufficient degree; in large measure. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abura /əˈbjʊ.ɹə/ /əˈbʊ.ɹə/ aburas n
bahia
A large-sized tropical African tree, Mitragyna ledermannii (syn. Mitragyna ciliata)

abuse /əˈbjus/ /əˈbjuːs/ abuses n
abus viol
Improper treatment or usage; application to a wrong or bad purpose; an unjust, corrupt or wrongful practice or custom. [from around 1350 to 1470]
injure insulte offense
Coarse, insulting speech; abusive language; language that unjustly or angrily vilifies. [from mid-16th c.]
abus
Physical maltreatment; injury; cruel treatment. [from late 16th c.]

abuse /əˈbjuz/ /əˈbjuːz/ v
abuser
(transitive) To put to a wrong use; to misapply; to use improperly; to use for a wrong purpose or end; to pervert [from around 1350 to 1470.]
(transitive, archaic) To violate; defile; to rape; (reflexive) to masturbate. [from around 1350 to 1470]

abut /əˈbʌt/ v
abouter aboutir
(intransitive) To touch by means of a mutual border, edge or end; to border on; to lie adjacent (to); to be contiguous (said of an area of land) [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

abut on v
adossé avoisiner contigu
(transitive) To border on.

abutment /əˈbʌt.mn̩t/ abutments n
butée
The state of abutting.

abysmal /əˈbɪz.məl/ [əˈbɪz.ml̩] more abysmal most abysmal adj
abyssal
(now, rare) Pertaining to, or resembling an abyss. [First attested in the mid 17th century.]
exécrable terrible épouvantable
(figurative) extremely bad; terrible.

abyss /æˈbɪs/ /əˈbɪs/ abysses n
abîme
Hell; the bottomless pit; primeval chaos; a confined subterranean ocean. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]
Anything infinite, immeasurable, or profound. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
Moral depravity; vast intellectual or moral depth.
(heraldry) The center of an escutcheon.
abîme gouffre abysse précipice
(frequently, figurative) A bottomless or unfathomed depth, gulf, or chasm; hence, any deep, immeasurable; any void space. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

abyssal zone /əˈbɪs.l̩ zoʊn/ /əˈbɪs.l̩ zəʊn/ n
abysse
(geography) The oceanic realm consisting of the deep ocean, typified by a dearth of plant life, and plentiful carnivorous animals that are able to withstand extreme pressure.

acacia /əˈkeɪ.sjə/ /əˈkeɪ.ʃə/ acaciae acacias n
acacia
(countable) A shrub or tree of the tribe Acacieae. [First attested around 1350 to 1470.]

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ more academic most academic adj
académique
Belonging to the school or philosophy of Plato [from late 16th century]
In particular: relating to literary, classical, or artistic studies like the humanities, rather than to technical or vocational studies like engineering or welding.
académique universitaire
Belonging to an academy or other higher institution of learning, or a scholarly society or organization. [from late 16th century]

academic /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk/ academics n
universitaire académique
A senior member of an academy, college, or university; a person who attends an academy; a person engaged in scholarly pursuits; one who is academic in practice. [First attested in the late 16th century.]

academic institution academic institutions n
université établissement [[d']]enseignement supérieur
An educational institution, dedicated to higher education and research, that grants academic degrees.

academic quarter /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈkwɔrtər/ /ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˈkwɔːtə(r/ academic quarters n
quart d'heure académique

academic year /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk jɪə/ /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.ɪk jɪɹ/ academic years n
année académique
(education) The annual period during which a student attends school, college or university.

academician /əˌka.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /əˌkæ.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌa.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ /ˌæ.kə.dəˈmɪʃ.n̩/ academicians n
académicien académicienne
A member or follower of an academy, or society for promoting science, art, or literature, such as the French Academy, or the Royal Academy of Arts. [from 17th c.]

academicism /ˌæk.əˈdɛm.əˌsɪz.m̩/ academicisms n
académisme
(classical studies, sometimes, capitalized) The doctrines of Plato's academy; specifically the skeptical doctrines of the later academy stating that nothing can be known; a tenet of the Academic philosophy; state of being Academic. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
(art, literature) Traditional or orthodox formalism; conventionalism.
A mannerism or mode peculiar to an academy.

academy /əˈkad.ə.mɪ/ /əˈkæd.ə.mi/ academies n
académie
An institution for the study of higher learning; a college or a university; typically a private school. [First attested in the mid 16th century.]
A school or place of training in which some special art is taught. [First attested in the late 16th century.]
A society of learned people united for the advancement of the arts and sciences, and literature, or some particular art or science. [First attested in the early 17th century.]
(obsolete) The knowledge disseminated in an Academy. [Attested from the early 17th century until the mid 18th century.]

acai /ɑ.sɑˈi/ /əˈsaɪ.i/ /əˈsaɪ.iː/ /ˌæ.saɪˈiː/ acais n
açaï palmier pinot pinot wasséï
Any of several South American palms, of the genus Euterpe, having a dark purple drupe.
açaï wassaye
acai berry, the fruit of these trees, harvested for its juice.

acai berry /a.saˈiː.ˈbɛɹi/ acai berries n
açaï
A fruit that grows on the Brazilian wild palmberry tree, Euterpe olearacea, used for nutritive support as an antioxidant. It is similar in size to a grape.

acanthite /əˈkæn.θaɪt/ /ˈæk.ənˌθaɪt/ n
acanthite
(mineral) A mineral form of silver sulfide, Ag2S, that is a major ore of silver, that forms slender prisms.

acanthocarpous more acanthocarpous most acanthocarpous adj
acanthocarpe
(botany) Having the fruit covered with spines.

acanthocephalan /əˌkæn.θoʊˈsɛf.ə.lən/ /əˌkæn.θəˈsɛf.ə.lən/ /əˌkænt.θəˈsɛf.ə.lən/ acanthocephalans n
acanthocéphale
Any of parasitic intestinal worms comprising the phylum Acanthocephala. [First attested late 19th c.]

acanthoid /əˈkænˌθɔɪd/ more acanthoid most acanthoid adj
acantoïde
Having the shape of a spine or thorn

acanthopterygian /ˌæk.ænˌθɑp.təˈɹɪd͡ʒ.i.n̩/ acanthopterygians n
acanthoptérygien
(zoology) Any fish of the superorder Acanthopterygii.[First attested in the mid 19th century.]

acanthous /əˈkæn.θəs/ more acanthous most acanthous adj
acanthé
(botany) Synonym of spinous

acarid /ˈæk.ə.ɹɪd/ adj
acarien
(zoology) Of or pertaining to acarids.

acarological adj
acarologique
Relating to acarology

acarologist acarologists n
acarologiste
A specialist in acarology - the study of ticks and mites.

acarology /æ.kəˈɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /æ.kəˈɹɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
acarologie
(zoology) The study of ticks and mites.

acarophobia /ˌækəɹəˈfəʊbi.ə/ n
acarophobie

acarpous /eɪ.ˈkɑɹ.pəs/ adj
acarpe
(botany) Not producing fruit; unfruitful; sterile.

acarus /ˈæk.ə.ɹəs/ acari acarina n
acarien
(zoology, acarology) Any member of the subclass Acari (aka Acarina): thus, a mite or a tick; specifically, any mite of the genus Acarus.

acataphasia n
acataphasie
(pathology) A loss of the ability to express oneself using organized syntax

acathistus n
acathiste hymne acathiste
A Greek liturgical hymn in honour of Mary.

acatholic adj
acatholique
not Catholic

accelerate /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ək.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪt/ v
accélérer
(transitive) To cause to move faster; to quicken the motion of; to add to the speed of.
(transitive) To quicken the natural or ordinary progression or process of.
(intransitive) To become faster; to begin to move more quickly.

accelerated more accelerated most accelerated adj
accéléré
Moving or progressing faster than is usual.

accelerated ageing n
vieillissement accéléré

acceleration /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ək.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ accelerations n
accélération
(uncountable) The act of accelerating, or the state of being accelerated; increase of motion or action; as opposed to retardation or deceleration.
(countable) The amount by which a speed or velocity increases (and so a scalar quantity or a vector quantity).
(physics) The change of velocity with respect to time (can include deceleration or changing direction).

accelerationism /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃə.nɪ.zm̩/ /ək.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃə.nɪ.zm̩/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃə.nɪ.zm̩/ accelerationisms n
accélérationnisme
The idea that either the prevailing system of capitalism, or certain technosocial processes that historically characterised it, should be expanded and accelerated in order to generate radical social change.

accelerator /æk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ /ək.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ /ɪk.ˈsɛl.ə.ˌɹeɪ.tɚ/ accelerators n
accélérateur
One who, or that which, accelerates.
A device for causing acceleration.
(business) A mentoring program for startup companies.
accélérateur champignon
(vehicle) A pedal causing the vehicle to accelerate when it is pressed.
(physics) A device that accelerates charged subatomic particles; a particle accelerator.

accelerometer /æk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹɑm.ə.tɚ/ /ɪk.ˌsɛl.ə.ˈɹɑm.ə.tɚ/ accelerometers n
accéléromètre
An instrument for measuring acceleration.

accent /-sənt/ /-sɛnt/ /ˈak.sənt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ /ˈɛk.sent/ accents n
accent
(linguistics) A higher-pitched or stronger (louder or longer) articulation of a particular syllable of a word or phrase in order to distinguish it from the others or to emphasize it.
(orthography) A mark or character used in writing, in order to indicate the place of the spoken accent, or to indicate the nature or quality of the vowel marked.
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The distinctive manner of pronouncing a language associated with a particular region, social group, etc., whether of a native speaker or a foreign speaker; the phonetic and phonological aspects of a dialect.
A word; a significant tone or sound.
(prosody, poetry) Stress laid on certain syllables of a verse.
(music) A regularly recurring stress upon the tone to mark the beginning, and, more feebly, the third part of the measure.
(music) A special emphasis of a tone, even in the weaker part of the measure.
(music) A mark used to represent this special emphasis.The third and fourth symbols are accents (marks used to represent special emphasis in music).
(music) The rhythmical accent, which marks phrases and sections of a period.

accent /ækˈsɛnt/ /ˈæk.sɛnt/ v
accentuer
(transitive) To mark emphatically; to emphasize; to accentuate; to make prominent.

accentologist accentologists n
accentologiste accentologue
One who studies accentology.

accentology n
accentologie
(linguistics) The systematic analysis of word or phrase stress.

accentor /ək.ˈsɛn.tɚ/ /əkˈsɛntə/ accentors n
accenteur
Any bird of the Eurasian genus Prunella, such as the dunnock.

accentuate /ækˈsɛn.t͡ʃuˌeɪt/ /əkˈsɛn.t͡ʃu.eɪt/ v
accentuer
(transitive) To pronounce with an accent or vocal stress.
(transitive) To bring out distinctly; to make more noticeable or prominent; to emphasize.
(transitive) To mark with a written accent.

accentuation /ˌæk.ˌsɛn.t͡ʃə.ˈweɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪk.ˌsɛn.t͡ʃə.ˈweɪ.ʃən/ accentuations n
accentuation
Act of accentuating; applications of accent.

accept /ækˈsɛpt/ /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ v
accepter accueillir accepter de payer endurer patiemment prendre sur soi
(transitive) To receive or admit to; to agree to; to assent to; to submit to.

acceptability /ˌæk.ˌsɛp.tə.ˈbɪl.ət.i/ acceptabilities n
acceptabilité
The quality of being acceptable; acceptableness.

acceptable /æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ɪk.ˈsɛp.tə.bəl/ /ˈæksɛp.tə.bəl/ more acceptable most acceptable adj
acceptable admissible
worthy, decent, sure of being accepted or received with at least moderate pleasure

acceptance /ək.ˈsɛp.təns/ acceptances n
acceptation
(uncountable) The act of accepting; the receiving of something offered, with acquiescence, approbation, or satisfaction; especially, favourable reception; approval.
(business, finance) An assent and engagement by the person on whom a bill of exchange is drawn, to pay it when due according to the terms of the acceptance; the bill of exchange itself when accepted.
adhésion admission adoption assimilation reconnaissance
The state of being accepted.
acceptation adhésion admission adoption assimilation reconnaissance
(law) An agreeing to the action, proposals, or terms of another by some act which results in the conclusion of a legally binding contract; the reception or taking of a thing bought as that for which it was bought, or as that agreed to be delivered, or the taking of possession of a thing as owner.

acceptor /æk.ˈsɛp.tɚ/ /ək.ˈsɛp.tɚ/ /əkˈsɛptə(ɹ)/ acceptors n
accepteur
One who accepts.

access /ˈæksɛs/ /ˈækˌsɛs/ accesses n
accès approche entrée
(uncountable) A way or means of approaching or entering; an entrance; a passage.
(uncountable) The act of approaching or entering; an advance.
accès
(uncountable) The right or ability of approaching or entering; admittance; admission; accessibility.
(countable) An onset, attack, or fit of disease; an ague fit.
(countable) An outburst of an emotion; a paroxysm; a fit of passion.
(countable, computing) The process of locating data in memory.
(uncountable, networking) Connection to or communication with a computer program or to the Internet.

access /əkˈsɛs/ /ˈæksɛs/ /ˈækˌsɛs/ v
accéder avoir accès
(transitive) To gain or obtain access to.
(transitive, computing) To have access to (data).

access code access codes n
code d’accès
A typically alphanumeric sequence that permits access to a secure service or network.

access control access controls n
access d'controle
The practice of restricting entrance to a property, a building, or a room to authorized persons.

access specifier access specifiers n
modificateur d'accès

accessibility /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [əkˌsɛs.əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] accessibilities n
accessibilité
The quality of being accessible, or of admitting approach; receptiveness.

accessible /əkˈsɛs.ə.bəl/ more accessible most accessible adj
accessible
Easy of access or approach. [from 1640s]
(of a person) Easy to get along with.
Obtainable; to be got at.

accession /ækˈseʃ.ən/ /ækˈsɛʃ.ən/ /əˈseʃ.ən/ /əˈsɛʃ.ən/ accessions n
accession
A coming to; the act of acceding and becoming joined.
(legal) A mode of acquiring property, by which the owner of a corporeal substance which receives an addition by growth, or by labor, has a right to the part or thing added, or the improvement (provided the thing is not changed into a different species).

accessor accessors n
accesseur
Someone or something that accesses.
(object-oriented programming) A function that retrieves a value, usually without changing any data.

accessory /ækˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /ækˈsɛsəɹi/ /əkˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /əkˈsɛsəɹi/ more accessory most accessory adj
accessoire
Having a secondary, supplementary or subordinate function by accompanying as a subordinate; aiding in a secondary way; being additional; contributing or being contributory.

accessory /ækˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /ækˈsɛsəɹi/ /əkˈsɛs(ə)ɹi/ /əkˈsɛsəɹi/ accessories n
accessoire
Something that belongs to part of another main thing; something additional and subordinate, an attachment.
(art) Something in a work of art without being indispensably necessary, for example solely ornamental parts.

accessory fruit accessory fruits n
faux-fruit
(botany) A fruit which includes tissue not derived from the ovary but from some adjacent tissue, as for instance, a strawberry.

accessory mineral accessory minerals n
minéral accessoire
(mineral) any mineral that is present in small amounts in a rock, but is not considered to be characteristic of the rock

accident /ˈæk.sə.dənt/ /ˈæk.sə.dɛnt/ /ˈæk.sə.dɪnt/ /ˈæk.sɪ.dənt/ accidents n
accident
An unexpected event with negative consequences occurring without the intention of the one suffering the consequences, and (in the strict sense) not directly caused by humans.
(transportation) A collision or crash of a vehicle, aircraft, or other form of transportation that causes damage to the transportation involved; and sometimes injury or death to the transportation's occupants or bystanders in close proximity. (but see Usage notes)

accident and emergency n
urgences

accident rate accident rates n
taux d'accidents taux de sinistres
Frequency or rate of accidents.

accident-prone more accident-prone most accident-prone adj
accidentogène

accidental /ˌæk.sɪ.ˈdɛn.tl̩/ more accidental most accidental adj
accidentel
Happening by chance, or unexpectedly; taking place not according to the usual course of things; by accident, unintentional. [from 16th c.]

accidental /ˌæk.sɪ.ˈdɛn.tl̩/ accidentals n
altération
(music) A sharp, flat, or natural, occurring not at the commencement of a piece of music as the signature, but before a particular note.

accidentally /ˌæk.sɪˈdɛnt(ə)li/ more accidentally most accidentally adv
accidentellement
In an accidental manner; by chance, unexpectedly.
Unintentionally.

accidentologist accidentologists n
accidentologue
A specialist in accidentology

accidentology /ˌæk.sə.dənˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.sə.dənˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.sə.dɛnˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.sə.dɛnˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌæk.sə.dɪnˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
accidentologie

accipitrine /æk.ˈsɪp.ə.tɹaɪn/ /æk.ˈsɪp.ə.tɹɪn/ more accipitrine most accipitrine adj
accipitrin accipitrine

accismus /ækˈsɪzməs/ n
accisme
(rhetoric) The feigning of disinterest in something while actually desiring it.

acclaim /ə.ˈkleɪm/ v
acclamer applaudir réclamer
(transitive, rare) To salute or praise with great approval; to compliment; to applaud; to welcome enthusiastically.
déclamer
(transitive) To declare by acclamations.

acclamation /æk.lə.ˈmeɪ.ʃən/ acclamations n
acclamation
A shout of approbation, favor, or assent; eager expression of approval; loud applause.

acclamative adj
acclamatif

acclimate /əˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈæk.lɪ.meɪt/ v
acclimater
(transitive, chiefly, US) To habituate to a climate not native; to acclimatize.

acclimatization /ə.ˌklaɪ.mə.tə.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ acclimatizations n
acclimatation
The act of acclimatizing; the process of inuring to a new climate, or the state of being so inured.

acclimatize /əˈklaɪ.məˌtaɪz/ v
acclimater
(transitive) To make used to a new climate or one that is different from that which is natural; to inure or habituate to other circumstances; to adapt to the peculiarities of a foreign or strange climate.

accommodate /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/ /əˈkɒməˌdeɪt/ [əˈkʰɑməˌdeɪt] [əˈkʰɒməˌdeɪt] v
héberger
(transitive) To cause to come to agreement; to bring about harmony; to reconcile.
accommoder
(transitive) To show the correspondence of; to apply or make suit by analogy; to adapt or fit, as teachings to accidental circumstances, statements to facts, etc.
[[s']]accommoder
(intransitive, rare) To adapt oneself; to be conformable or adapted; become adjusted.

accommodation /ə.ˌkɑm.ə.ˈdeɪ.ʃən/ /ə.ˌkɒm.ə.ˈdeɪ.ʃən/ accommodations n
logement hébergement
(chiefly, British, usually, a mass noun) Lodging in a dwelling or similar living quarters afforded to travellers in hotels or on cruise ships, or prisoners, etc.
(countable, uncountable) A convenience, a fitting, something satisfying a need.
accommodation
(countable, medical) The adjustment of the eye to a change of the distance from an observed object.
(countable, uncountable, followed by to) The act of fitting or adapting, or the state of being fitted or adapted; adaptation; adjustment.

accompaniment /ə.ˈkʌm.pə.ni.mənt/ /ə.ˈkʌmp.ni.mənt/ accompaniments n
accompagnement
(music) A part, usually performed by instruments, that gives support or adds to the background in music, or adds for ornamentation; also, the harmony of a figured bass.
That which accompanies; something that attends as a circumstance, or which is added to give greater completeness to the principal thing, or by way of ornament, or for the sake of symmetry.

accompanist /əˈkʌmp(ə)nɪst/ accompanists n
accompagnateur accompagnatrice
(music) The performer in music who takes the accompanying part.

accompany /əˈkʌm.pə.ni/ /əˈkʌmp.ni/ v
accompagner
(transitive) To go with or attend as a companion or associate; to keep company with; to go along with.
(intransitive, music) To perform an accompanying part or parts in a composition.
(transitive, music) To perform an accompanying part next to (another instrument or musician).
(intransitive, obsolete) To associate in a company; to keep company.

accomplice /ə.ˈkɑm.pləs/ /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪs/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪs/ /əˈkɒm.plɪs/ accomplices n
complice comparse compère
(legal) An associate in the commission of a crime; a participator in an offense, whether a principal or an accessory.
complice
(rare) A cooperator.

accomplish /əˈkɐm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkɑm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkɒm.plɪʃ/ /əˈkʌm.plɪʃ/ v
accomplir
(transitive) To complete, as time or distance.
(transitive) To execute fully; to fulfill; to complete successfully.
(transitive, archaic) To equip or furnish thoroughly; hence, to complete in acquirements; to render accomplished; to polish.

accomplished /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪʃt/ /ə.ˈkɒm.plɪʃt/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪʃt/ more accomplished most accomplished adj
accompli
Completed; effected; established.
Having many accomplishments, often as a result of study or training.

accomplishment /ə.ˈkɑm.plɪʃ.mənt/ /ə.ˈkɒm.plɪʃ.mənt/ /ə.ˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/ accomplishments n
accomplissement
The act of accomplishing; completion; fulfilment.
That which completes, perfects, or equips thoroughly; acquirement; attainment; that which constitutes excellence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by education or training.

accord /əˈkɔɹd/ /əˈkɔːd/ accords n
entente
Agreement or concurrence of opinion, will, or action.

accord /əˈkɔɹd/ /əˈkɔːd/ v
accorder
(transitive) To make to agree or correspond; to suit one thing to another; to adjust.

accordance /əˈkɔɹ.dəns/ accordances n
accordance
Agreement; harmony; conformity; compliance.

according as adv
selon que
Precisely as; the same as; just as; corresponding to the way in which. (Now often expressing accordance with two or more alternatives.) [from 16th c.]

according to preposition
d'après selon
Based on what is said or stated by; on the authority of.
selon d'après
In a manner conforming or corresponding to; in proportion to; in accordance with. [from 16th c.],

according to Hoyle
en bonne et due forme
(idiomatic) In strict accordance with the rules, especially of card games; in the proper or expected manner.

according to plan /əˈkɔɹdɪŋ tə ˈplæn/
comme prévu
As intended, as planned, as expected; without the occurrence of any complications.

accordingly /ə.ˈkɔɹ.dɪŋ.li/ /əˈkɔː(ɹ).dɪŋ.li/ more accordingly most accordingly adv
conséquemment en conséquence
(manner) Agreeably; correspondingly; suitably

accordion /ə.ˈkɔɹ.di.ən/ /əˈkɔ(ɹ).di.ˌən/ accordions n
accordéon
A box-shaped musical instrument with means of keys and buttons, whose tones are generated by play of the wind from a squeezed bellows upon free metallic reeds.

accordionist /ə.ˈkɔɹd.i.ə.nəst/ accordionists n
accordéoniste
Someone who plays the accordion.

accost /ə.ˈkɑst/ /ə.ˈkɒst/ /ə.ˈkɔst/ v
accoster
(transitive) To approach and speak to boldly or aggressively, as with a demand or request.
aborder
(by extension, transitive, obsolete) To sail along the coast or side of.
(transitive, obsolete) To approach; to come up to.
(transitive) To speak to first; to address; to greet.

accoucheur /ˌæ.ku.ˈʃɜː/ /ˌæ.ku.ˈʃɝ/ accoucheurs n
accoucheur sage-femme homme
(medicine) A person, especially a man, who delivers a baby (in childbirth).

accoucheuse accoucheuses n
accoucheuse sage-femme
(rare) A midwife.

account /ə.ˈkaʊnt/ accounts n
compte rapport récit
(accounting) A registry of pecuniary transactions; a written or printed statement of business dealings or debts and credits, and also of other things subjected to a reckoning or review. [from c. 1300]
compte récit
A statement in general of reasons, causes, grounds, etc., explanatory of some event; a reason of an action to be done.
compte
Authorization as a specific registered user in accessing a system.

account book account books n
livre de comptes
(accounting) A book in which accounts are kept; ledger.

account for v
expliquer rendre compte
(transitive) To explain by relating circumstances; to show that some one, thing or members of a group are present or have been processed.
constituer représenter
(transitive) To constitute in amount or portion.

account to v
rendre des comptes à
(transitive) To answer to; to be responsible to.

accountability /ə.ˌkaʊn.tə.ˈbɪl.ət.i/ accountabilities n
responsabilité engagement responsable obligation de rendre compte obligation de rendre des comptes
The state of being accountable; liability to be called on to render an account or give an explanation; liability to be held responsible or answerable for something.

accountable /əˈkaʊntəbl̩/ more accountable most accountable adj
responsable
Obliged, when called upon, to answer (for one’s deeds); answerable.
Liable to be called on to render an account.
expliquable
(rare) Capable of being accounted for; explicable; explainable.

accountancy /ə.ˈkaʊnt.ən.si/ accountancies n
comptabilité
(uncountable, British, NZ, often, _, Philippines, accounting) The function of compiling and providing financial information primarily by reports referred to as financial statements, including bookkeeping, systems design, analysis and interpretation of accounting information.

accountant /ə.ˈkaʊn.tənt/ [ə.ˈkæʊn.ʔn̩ʔ] accountants n
comptable
A reckoner, or someone who maintains financial matters for a person(s).
(accounting) One who is skilled in, keeps, or adjusts, accounts; an officer in a public office, who has charge of the accounts.
comptable expert-comptable
(accounting) One whose profession includes organizing, maintaining and auditing the records of another. The records are usually, but not always, financial records.

accounting /ə.ˈkaʊn.tɪŋ/ accountings n
comptabilité
(business) The development and use of a system for recording and analyzing the financial transactions and financial status of an individual or a business.

accounts payable n
dette fournisseur dettes commerciales
The total amount of money that is owed by a customer to its suppliers of goods and services and is counted by the customer as a current unpaid debt.

accounts receivable n
créance client
(accounting) The total monetary amount owed to a financial entity due to debts arising from sales on credit or on account.

accouplement /əˈkʌpəlmənt/ accouplements n
accouplement
(rare) The act of coupling, or the state of being coupled; union

accouter /əˈku tɚ/ v
accoutrer
(transitive) To furnish with dress or equipments, especially those for military service

accouterment /əˈku.tɚ.mənt/ /əˈku.t͡ʃɹə.mənt/ accouterments n
accoutrement
(archaic) The act of accoutering; furnishing.

accredit /ə.ˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ v
accréditer
(transitive) To put or bring into credit; to invest with credit or authority; to sanction.
(transitive) To send with letters credential, as an ambassador, envoy, or diplomatic agent; to authorize, as a messenger or delegate.

accreditation /əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ [əˌkɹɛd.ɨɾˈeɪ.ʃən] [əˌkɹɛd.ɨˈteɪ.ʃən] [əˌkɹɛd.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən] accreditations n
accréditation
The giving of credentials.

accretion /ə.ˈkɹi.ʃən/ accretions n
accrétion
The act of increasing by natural growth; especially the increase of organic bodies by the internal accession of parts; organic growth.
accroissement accrétion
(legal) The adhering of property to something else, by which the owner of one thing becomes possessed of a right to another; generally, gain of land by the washing up of sand or soil from the sea or a river, or by a gradual recession of the water from the usual watermark.

accretion disk accretion disks n
disque d'accrétion
(astrophysics) A structure formed by matter falling into a gravitational source such as a galaxy, black hole, or protostar.

accrual basis n
comptabilité d'engagement

accrue /ə.ˈkɹu/ /əˈkɹuː/ v
accroître
(intransitive) To increase, to rise

accubation /ˌɑ.kju.ˈbeɪ.ʃən/ n
accubation

acculturate /ə.ˈkʌl.t͡ʃə.ˌɹeɪt/ v
acculturer
(transitive) To change the culture of (a person) by the influence of another culture, especially a more dominant culture.

acculture /əˈkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ v
acculturer
To familiarize oneself with, and adopt a new culture, especially by an immigrant

accumulate /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪt/ /əˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪt/ v
accumuler
(transitive) To heap up in a mass; to pile up; to collect or bring together (either literally or figuratively)
(intransitive) To gradually grow or increase in quantity or number.

accumulator /ə.ˈkjum.jə.ˌleɪ.tɚ/ accumulators n
accumulateur accumulatrice
(literal) One who, or that which, accumulates.
accumulateur
(British) A wet-cell storage battery.

accuracy /ˈakjəɹəsi/ /ˈakjʊɹəsi/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ accuracies n
précision exactitude
The state of being accurate; being free from error; exactness; correctness

accurate /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ət/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ɪt/ /ˈæk.jʊ.ɹət/ /ˈæk.ə.ɹət/ more accurate most accurate adj
exact précis juste
Telling the truth or giving a true result; exact; not defective or faulty

accurately /ˈæk.jə.ɹɪt.li/ /ˈæk.jɚ.ɪt.li/ [ˈæk.jə.ɹɪɾ.li] [ˈæk.jɚ.ɪɾ.li] more accurately most accurately adv
précisément
In an accurate manner; exactly; precisely; without error or defect.

accursed /əˈkɜː.sɪd/ /əˈkɝ.sɪd/ more accursed most accursed adj
détestable satanée
(prenominal) Hateful; detestable, loathsome.
maudit
(theology) Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; anathematized.

accusant /əˈkjuːzənt/ accusants n
accusateur plaignant
(obsolete) An accuser.

accusation /ˌæk.ju.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæk.jə.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ accusations n
accusation
The act of accusing.
(legal) A formal charge brought against a person in a court of law.

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ more accusative most accusative adj
accusatif
Producing accusations; in a manner that reflects a finding of fault or blame
(grammar) Applied to the case (as the fourth case of Latin, Lithuanian and Greek nouns) which expresses the immediate object on which the action or influence of a transitive verb has its limited influence. Other parts of speech, including secondary or predicate direct objects, will also influence a sentence’s construction. In German the case used for direct objects.

accusative /əˈkjuzətɪv/ /əˈkjuːzətɪv/ accusatives n
accusatif cas accusatif
(grammar) The accusative case.

accusatorial /ə.ˌkju.zə.ˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ more accusatorial most accusatorial adj
accusatoire
(legal) Of or pertaining to the system of a public trial in which the facts are ascertained by the judge or jury from evidence presented by the prosecution and the defence.

accusatory /ə.ˈkju.zə.ˌtɔɹ.i/ more accusatory most accusatory adj
accusateur
Pertaining to, or containing, an accusation. [from the early 17th c.]

accuse /əˈkjuz/ /əˈkjuːz/ v
accuser
(transitive) to find fault with, blame, censure
(intransitive) to make an accusation against someone

accused /ə.ˈkjuzd/ accused n
accusé accusée
(legal) The person charged with an offense; the defendant in a criminal case.

accuser /əˈkju.zɚ/ /əˈkjuː.zə/ accusers n
accusateur accusatrice
One who accuses; one who brings a charge of crime or fault.

accustom /ə.ˈkʌs.təm/ v
accoutumer
(transitive, often, passive, or, reflexive, with to) To make familiar by use; to cause to accept; to habituate, familiarize, or inure.

accustomed /ə.ˈkʌs.təmd/ more accustomed most accustomed adj
accoutumé
Familiar with something through repeated experience; adapted to existing conditions. (of a person)
Familiar through use; usual; customary. (of a thing, condition, activity, etc.)

accustomedly more accustomedly most accustomedly adv
de coutume à l'accoutumée
In an accustomed manner.

ace /eɪs/ aces n
as
(card games) A playing card showing a single pip, typically the highest or lowest ranking card in a game.
(dice) A die face marked with a single dot, typically representing the number one.
(sometimes, _, attributive) An expert at something; a maverick, genius; a person of supreme talent.
A military aircraft pilot who is credited with shooting down many enemy aircraft, typically five or more.
chouïa iota
A very small quantity or degree; a particle; an atom; a jot.
ace as
(tennis, volleyball) A serve won without the opponent hitting the ball.

ace of aces aces of aces n
as des as
(military) The greatest active flying ace in a nation's military service.

ace of clubs aces of clubs n
as de trèfle
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ace of diamonds aces of diamonds n
as de carreau
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ace of hearts aces of hearts n
as de cœur
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ace of spades /eɪs.əv.speɪdz/ aces of spades n
as de pique
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ace up one's sleeve aces up one's sleeve n
as dans la manche atout dans la manche avoir un atout dans sa manche garder un atout dans sa manche joker
(idiom) A surprise advantage of which others are not aware.

acedia /əˈsiːdɪə/ n
acédie
Spiritual or mental sloth.

acellular adj
acellulaire
Not composed of cells; not cellular

acenaphthene acenaphthenes n
acénaphtène
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, found in coal tar, derived from naphthalene by the addition of a short aliphatic bridge.

acerb /əˈsɜɹb/ /əˈsɜːb/ acerber acerbest more acerb most acerb adj
acerbe
(archaic) Sour, bitter, and harsh to the taste, such as unripe fruit.

acerbity /əˈsɜːbɪti/ /əˈsɝbɪti/ [əˈsɜːbɪɾi] [əˈsɝbɪɾi] acerbities n
acerbité amertume
Sourness of taste, with bitterness and astringency, like that of unripe fruit.
amertume acerbité
Harshness, bitterness, or severity

acerola /æ.səˈɹəʊ.lə/ acerolas n
acérola
Fruit of this tree.

acescence /əˈsɛsəns/ acescences n
acescence
The quality of being acescent; the process of acetous fermentation; a moderate degree of sourness.

acescent /əˈsiːsənt/ more acescent most acescent adj
acescent
Turning sour; readily becoming tart or acid; slightly sour.

acescent /əˈsiːsənt/ acescents n
acescent
A substance liable to become sour.

acetabular /ˌæsɪˈtæbjəlɚ/ /ˌæsɪˈtæbjʊlə/ adj
acétabulaire
Related to the acetabulum.

acetabuliform /æsɪˈtæbjuːlɪfɔːm/ adj
acétabuliforme
(botany) Shaped like a saucer or shallow cup.

acetabulum /ˌæs.əˈtæb.jəl.əm/ /ˌæs.ɪˈtæb.jʊl.əm/ acetabula acetabulums n
acétabule acétabulum
(anatomy) The bony cup of the pelvis which receives the head of the femur.
acétabule
(zootomy) The cavity in which the leg of an insect is inserted at its articulation with the body.
A vinegar saucer, especially (historical) in ancient Roman contexts.

acetal /ˈæsɪˌtæl/ acetals n
acétal
(organic chemistry) Any diether of a geminal diol, R2C(OR')2 (where R' is not H).

acetaldehyde /ˌæs.ɪˈtæl.dəˌhaɪd/ acetaldehydes n
acétaldéhyde éthanal
(organic compound) An organic compound, (CH3CHO). Sometimes called ethanal or acetic aldehyde. See aldehyde.

acetamide acetamides n
acétamide
(organic compound) The amide of acetic acid, CH3CONH2.

acetaminophen /əˌsitəˈmɪnəfən/ acetaminophens n
paracétamol acétaminophène
(North America) A white crystalline compound used in medicine as an anodyne to relieve pain and reduce fever.

acetate /ˈæsɪteɪ̯t/ acetates n
acétate
(organic chemistry) Any ester or salt of acetic acid.

acetic adj
acétique
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or producing vinegar
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to acetic acid or its derivatives

acetic acid n
acide acétique
(fatty acid) A clear colourless organic acid, CH3COOH, formed by the bacterial oxidation of ethanol through acetic fermentation; it is used as a solvent and has very many industrial applications; it is the major acidic component of vinegar.

acetimeter acetimeters n
acétimètre
An instrument for estimating the amount of acetic acid in vinegar

acetoacetic acid n
acide acétylacétique
(organic compound) The ketonic carboxylic acid CH3-CO-CH2-COOH, that is present in the urine of people suffering from starvation or some forms of diabetes.

acetone /ˈæ.sə.toʊn/ acetones n
acétone
(organic compound) A colourless, volatile, flammable liquid ketone, (CH3)2CO, used as a solvent.

acetopropylic adj
acétopropylique

acetyl /əˈsiːtaɪl/ /əˈsiːtɪl/ /ˈæsətɪl/ acetyls n
acétyl
(organic chemistry) The univalent radical CH3CO- derived from acetic acid.

acetyl chloride n
chlorure d'éthanoyle
(organic compound) The acyl chloride of acetic acid, CH3COCl

acetylaminophenol acetylaminophenols n
acétylaminophénol

acetylcholine /əˌsitəlˈkoʊlin/ acetylcholines n
acétylcholine
(neurotransmitter) A neurotransmitter in humans and other animals. It is an ester of acetic acid and choline with chemical formula CH3COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)3.

acetylene /əˈsɛtəlˌin/ acetylenes n
acétylène
A lamp powered by acetylene, particularly a motor vehicle headlight.

acetylide acetylides n
acétylure

acetylsalicylic acid n
acide acétylsalicylique
(pharmaceutical drug) The acetate ester of salicylic acid (aspirin)

ache /ˈeɪk/ aches n
douleur
Continued dull pain, as distinguished from sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain.

ache /ˈeɪk/ v
faire mal avoir mal
(intransitive, stative) To suffer pain; to be the source of, or be in, pain, especially continued dull pain; to be distressed.

achene /əˈkiːn/ achenes n
akène
(botany) A small, dry, indehiscent fruit, containing a single seed, as in the buttercup.

achievable /əˈt͡ʃivəbəl/ more achievable most achievable adj
réussissable
Capable of being achieved, which either means possible or probable.

achieve /əˈt͡ʃiːv/ v
accomplir réaliser
(transitive) To carry out successfully; to accomplish. [from 14th c.]

achievement /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mənt/ /əˈt͡ʃiːv.mɪnt/ achievements n
accomplissement réalisation
The act of achieving or performing; a successful performance; accomplishment.
haut fait
A great or heroic deed or feat; something accomplished by valor or boldness.
succès
(video games) An award for completing a particular task or meeting an objective in a video game.

achondrite achondrites n
achondrite
(astronomy, geology) Any stony meteorite that contains no chondrules

achondroplasia /-ʒ(i)ə/ /eɪˌkɒndɹə(ʊ)ˈpleɪziə/ /ə-/ achondroplasias n
achondroplasie
(teratology) A genetic disorder, the most common form of short limb dwarfism.

achondroplastic /eɪkɑndɹəˈplæstɪk/ adj
achondroplasique
(teratology) Of, related to, or suffering from achondroplasia.

achoo /ɑːˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɑːˈt͡ʃʰuː/ /əˈt͡ʃuː/ /əˈt͡ʃʰuː/ interjection
atchoum
(onomatopoeia) The sound of a sneeze.

achromatin achromatins n
achromatine

achromatism n
achromatisme
Achromatopia.

achromatopsia achromatopsias n
achromatopsie
Full or partial color blindness; the inability to distinguish colors due to the absence of cone cells in the eyes.

achylia n
achylie
(pathology) The lack or reduced production of gastric juices in any part of the digestive tract.

aciclovir /eɪˈsaɪ.kloʊˌvɪɹ/ /eɪˈsʌɪ.klə(ʊ)ˌvɪə/ n
acyclovir

acicular adj
aciculaire
Needle-shaped; slender like a needle or bristle.
Having sharp points like needles.

aciculate more aciculate most aciculate adj
aciculé
acicular (needle-shaped)

acid /ˈæsɪd/ acider acidest adj
acide aigre
Sour, sharp, or biting to the taste; tart; having the taste of vinegar.
(figuratively) Sour-tempered.
Of or pertaining to an acid; acidic.

acid /ˈæsɪd/ acids n
acide
A sour substance.
(chemistry)
(uncountable, slang) LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.

acid mordant n
mordant acide

acid rain acid rains n
pluie acide
Rain which is unusually acidic (pH of less than the natural range of 5 to 6); caused mainly by atmospheric pollution with sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen compounds.

acid test /ˌæsɪd ˈtɛst/ acid tests n
épreuve du feu épreuve par le feu
(figuratively) A rigorous test or appraisal of the quality or worth of something.

acidic /əˈsɪdɪk/ more acidic most acidic adj
acide
(chemistry) Having a pH less than 7, or being sour, or having the strength to neutralize alkalis, or turning a litmus paper red.
(petrology) Containing a high percentage of silica-bearing minerals; opposed to basic.
Of or relating to acid; having the character of an acid.

acidifiable more acidifiable most acidifiable adj
acidifiable
Capable of being acidified, or converted into an acid.

acidification /əˌsɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ acidifications n
acidification
The act or process of making something sour (acidifying), or changing into an acid.

acidify /əˈsɪdɪfaɪ/ v
acidifier
To make something (more) acidic or sour; to convert into an acid.

acidimeter /ˌæsəˈdɪmətə(ɹ)/ acidimeters n
pèse-acide
(chemistry) An instrument for ascertaining the strength of acids.

acidimetry n
acidimétrie
(chemistry) The measurement of the strength of acids, especially by a chemical process based on the law of chemical combinations, or the fact that, to produce a complete reaction, a certain definite weight of reagent is required.

acidity /əˈsɪdɪti/ acidities n
acidité
The quality or state of being acid.

acidophilus /ˌæsɪˈdɑfɪləs/ /ˌæsɪˈdɒfɪləs/ n
acidophile
Lactobacillus acidophilus, one of the bacteria commonly used in fermenting yogurt

acidosis /ˌæs.ɪˈdoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʉ.sɪs/ /ˌæs.ɪˈdəʊ.sɪs/ acidoses n
acidose
(pathology) An abnormally increased acidity of the blood.

acidulate /əˈsɪd͡ʒʊ.leɪt/ v
aciduler

acidulous /əˈsɪdjʊləs/ /əˈsɪd͡ʒələs/ adj
acidulé acidulée
Slightly sour; sub-acid; sourish.

acinaciform adj
acinaciforme
(botany) Shaped like a scimitar.

aciniform more aciniform most aciniform adj
acinoforme
Having the form of a cluster of grapes; clustered like grapes.

ackee /əˈkiː/ /ˈækiː/ ackees n
aki akée
A tropical evergreen tree, Blighia sapida, related to the lychee and longan.

acknowledge /əkˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /əkˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ/ [əkˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əkˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɑːɫəd͡ʒ] [əɡˈnɒlɨ̞d͡ʒ] [ɨkˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] [ɨɡˈnɑːɫɨd͡ʒ] v
reconnaître
(transitive) To admit the knowledge of; to recognize as a fact or truth; to declare one's belief in
accuser réception certifier
(transitive) To own as genuine or valid; to assent to (a legal instrument) to give it validity; to avow or admit in legal form.

acknowledgment /əkˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əkˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əɡˈnɑl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ /əɡˈnɒl.ɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ acknowledgments n
aveu confession reconnaissance
The act of acknowledging
remerciement
The act of recognizing in a particular character or relationship; recognition of existence, authority, truth, or genuineness.
An expression of gratitude for a benefit or an obligation.
remerciement récompense
A reward or other expression or token of gratitude.

acme /ˈæk.mi/ acmes n
acmé
A high point: the highest point of any range, the most developed stage of any process, or the culmination of any field or historical period. [c. 1610]
force de l'âge
(rare) Full bloom or reproductive maturity.

acne /ˈæk.ni/ acnes n
acné
A pattern of blemishes in an area of skin resulting from the skin condition.

acoemetic adj
acémète

acolyte /ˈæ.kə.laɪt/ acolytes n
acolyte
(Christianity) One who has received the highest of the four minor orders in the Catholic Church, being ordained to carry the wine, water and lights at Mass.
An attendant, assistant or follower.

aconite /ˈæ.kə.naɪt/ aconites n
aconit napel tue-loup
The herb wolfsbane, or monkshood; any plant of the genus Aconitum, all the species of which are poisonous.

acorn /ˈeɪ.kɔɹn/ /ˈeɪ.kɔːn/ /ˈeɪkɚn/ acorns n
gland
(nautical) A cone-shaped piece of wood on the point of the spindle above the vane, on the mast-head.

acorn barnacle acorn barnacles n
balane
Any of several species of stalkless barnacles in the genus Balanus.

acorn woodpecker acorn woodpeckers n
pic glandivore
A species of woodpecker native to the area from the southwestern United States to Colombia, Melanerpes formicivorus.

acosmic adj
acosmique

acotyledon /ˈeɪ.kɔt.l̩.iːdˌn̩/ acotyledons n
acotylédone
(botany) A plant that has no cotyledons, as the dodder and all flowerless plants.

acotyledonous adj
acotylédone acotylédoné
Having no seed lobes, as the dodder; also applied to plants which have no true seeds, as ferns, mosses, etc.

acousmatic adj
acousmate acousmatique
(music) Referring to pre-recorded music that is presented in concert using loudspeakers, e.g. some types of computer music.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ adj
acoustique
Pertaining to the sense of hearing, the organs of hearing, or the science of sounds.
(music, musical instrument) Naturally producing or produced by an instrument without electrical amplification or the need thereof.

acoustic /əˈkuː.stɪk/ acoustics n
acoustique
(usually, in the plural) The properties or qualities of a room or building that determine how sound is transmitted in it.

acoustic guitar acoustic guitars n
guitare acoustique
A hollow-body guitar of the older variety, in contradistinction to an electric guitar.

acoustical adj
acoustique
Of or pertaining to hearing or acoustics.

acoustics /əˈkuː.stɪks/ n
acoustique
(physics) The science of sounds, teaching their nature, phenomena and laws.

acqua alta /ˌækwə ˈæltə/ n
acqua alta
A phenomenon that regularly occurs in the city of Venice, Italy, typically during high and spring tide, involving the flooding of the most low-lying areas of Venice.

acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/ /ʌˈkweɪn.təns/ acquaintances n
connaissance relation accointance
(uncountable) A state of being acquainted with a person; originally indicating friendship, intimacy, but now suggesting a slight knowledge less deep than that of friendship; acquaintanceship. [from 12th c.]
connaissance fréquentation relation
(countable) A person or persons with whom one is acquainted. [from 14th c.]

acquiesce /ˌækwiˈɛs/ v
acquiescer
(intransitive) To concur upon conviction; to assent to; usually, to concur, not heartily but so far as to forbear opposition.

acquiescence /ˌæk.wiːˈɛs.əns/ acquiescences n
acquiescement consentement
A silent or passive assent or submission, or a submission with apparent content, distinguished from avowed consent on the one hand, and on the other, from opposition or open discontent; quiet satisfaction.
péremption
(legal) Inaction, passivity, or neglect to take legal action when it is called for in order to assert, preserve, or safeguard a right, and which inaction implies the abandonment of said right.

acquiescent /æˈkwi.ɛsn̩t/ more acquiescent most acquiescent adj
bienveillant indulgent
willing to acquiesce, accept or agree to something without objection, protest or resistance
docile soumis
resting satisfied or submissive; disposed tacitly to submit

acquirable more acquirable most acquirable adj
acquérable
Capable of being acquired.

acquire /əˈkwaɪə/ /əˈkwaɪɚ/ v
acquérir
(transitive) To gain, usually by one's own exertions; to get as one's own

acquired /əˈkwaɪəd/ /əˈkwaɪɹd/ adj
acquis
(medicine) Developed after birth; not congenital.

acquired disorder acquired disorders n
trouble acquis
(pathology) A medical condition which develops post-fetally, as opposed to a congenital disorder.

acquired immune deficiency syndrome n
syndrome d'immunodéficience acquise
(disease) An infectious disease, caused by HIV, that causes the gradual degeneration of the body's immune system.

acquis communautaire n
acquis communautaire
The full body of European Union law.

acquisition /ˌæk.wəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌæk.wɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ acquisitions n
acquisition
The act or process of acquiring.
The thing acquired or gained; a gain.

acquisitional adj
acquisitif
Of or relating to acquisition.

acquit /əˈkwɪt/ v
innocenter acquitter
(transitive) To declare or find innocent or not guilty.

acquittal /əˈkwɪ.d(ə)l/ /əˈkwɪ.t(ə)l/ acquittals n
acquittement relaxe
(legal) A legal decision that someone is not guilty with which they have been charged, or the formal dismissal of a charge by some other legal process. [from 15th c.]
acquittement
(historical) The act of releasing someone from debt or other obligation; acquittance. [from 15th c.]

acre /ˈeɪ.kə/ /ˈeɪ.kɚ/ acre acres n
acre
Any of various similar units of area in other systems.

acreage /ˈeɪk(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ acreages n
acréage
An area of land measured in acres.

acrid /ˈæk.ɹɪd/ acrider acridest more acrid most acrid adj
âcre
Sharp and harsh, or bitter and not to the taste.
(figurative) Caustic; bitter; bitterly irritating.

acrimonious /-ɹə-/ /ˌæk.ɹɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌæk.ɹɪˈməʊ.nɪ.əs/ more acrimonious most acrimonious adj
acrimonieux
(figuratively) Angry, acid, and sharp in delivering argumentative replies: bitter, mean-spirited, sharp in language or tone. [from early 17th c.]

acritarch /ˈækɹɪtɑː(ɹ)k/ acritarchs n
acritarche
(paleontology, palynology) Any small, non-acid-soluble (i.e. non-carbonate, non-siliceous) organic fossil that cannot be classified.

acrobat /ˈæk.ɹə.bæt/ acrobats n
acrobate
An athlete who performs acts requiring skill, agility and coordination, often as part of a circus performance.

acrobatic /ˌækɹəˈbætɪk/ more acrobatic most acrobatic adj
acrobatique
Of or pertaining to an acrobat.

acrobatics n
acrobatie
The art of performing acrobatic gymnastic feats.

acrocentric more acrocentric most acrocentric adj
acrocentrique
(genetics) (of a chromosome) Having the centromere very near to one end, and thus having a long arm, and a very short arm.

acrocyanosis /ˌæ.kɹoʊ.ˌsaɪ.ə.ˈnoʊ.sɪs/ acrocyanoses n
acrocyanose
(pathology) A persistent blue or cyanotic discoloration of the digits, most commonly occurring in the hands although also occurring in the face and feet as well.

acrogenous adj
acrogène
(botany) Increasing by growth from the extremity.

acrolect /ˈæk.ɹə.lɛkt/ acrolects n
acrolecte
(sociolinguistics) The variety of speech that is considered most suitable for formal occasions (typically using only standard forms).

acromegaly /ˌækroʊˈmɛɡəli/ acromegalies n
acromégalie
(disease) A chronic disease marked by enlargement of the bones of the extremities, face, and jaw that is caused by over-activity of the pituitary gland.

acronym /ˈæk.ɹə.nɪm/ acronyms n
acronyme sigle
(linguistics) An abbreviation formed by the initial letters of other words.

acrophobia acrophobias n
acrophobie
phobia or strong fear of being high above ground level

acrophony /əˈkɹɒfəni/ acrophonies n
acrophonie
The naming of letters in an alphabetic writing system using words whose initial sounds are represented by the respective letters.

acropolis /əˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ acropoleis acropolises n
acropole
A promontory (usually fortified with a citadel) forming the hub of many Grecian cities, and around which many were built for defensive purposes before and during the classical period; compare Acropolis.

across /əˈkɹɑs/ /əˈkɹɒs/ /əˈkɹɔs/ preposition
à travers
From one side to the other within (a space being traversed).

across the board
généralisé répandu tous azimuts
(idiomatic) Pertaining to all categories or things.

across the pond /əˈkɹɑs ðə ˈpɑnd/ /əˌkɹɒs ðə ˈpɒnd/ /əˌkɹɔs ðə ˈpɑnd/
outre-Atlantique
(informal) On or to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.

acrostic /əˈkɹɑstɪk/ /əˈkɹɒstɪk/ /əˈkɹɔstɪk/ acrostics n
acrostiche
A poem or other text in which certain letters, often the first in each line, spell out a name or message. [from 16th c.]

acroterium /ˌækɹəˈtɪəɹi.əm/ acroteria n
acrotère
(architecture) One of the small pedestals, for statues or other ornaments, placed on the apex and at the basal angles of a pediment, or upon the gables in Gothic architecture.

acrylamide /əˈkɹɪləmaɪd/ acrylamides n
acrylamide
(organic compound) The amide of acrylic acid, CH2=CH.CONH2; used in the manufacture of polyacrylamides.

acrylic fiber acrylic fibers n
acrylique
Synthetic fibers made from a polymer.

acrylic resin acrylic resins n
acrylique
(organic chemistry) Any of many thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers or copolymers of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, esters of these acids, or acrylonitrile; used in paint and many plastics.

act /æk/ /ækt/ acts n
acte
(countable) Something done, a deed.
(countable) A formal or official record of something done.
(countable, drama) A division of a theatrical performance.
(countable) A display of behaviour.
(law) Ellipsis of act of parliament.
loi
(law, countable) A product of a legislative body, a statute.
acte action
The process of doing something.

act /æk/ /ækt/ v
réagir
agir faire
(obsolete, transitive) To do (something); to perform.
jouer
(intransitive) To perform a theatrical role.
se comporter
(intransitive) To behave in a certain manner for an indefinite length of time.
(intransitive, law) To carry out work as a legal representative in relation to a particular legal matter.

act of God acts of God n
force majeure
(legal) An unforeseen occurrence beyond one's control, such as a natural disaster.

act of faith acts of faith n
acte de foi
(religion) An action that demonstrates one's religious faith.

act of parliament acts of parliament n
acte du Parlement
A law which has received assent (royal, presidential or gubernatorial) after having been passed by the houses (or house) of a parliament.

act of war acts of war n
acte de guerre
(military) An action that would justify the initiation of hostilities against the perpetrator; an action that by its nature comprises a cessation of peace.
(military) An action taken by military forces as part of a war.

act out /ˌækt ˈaʊ̯t/ v
jouer
(idiomatic) To perform a scene from a play, a charade or an exercise.
péter les plombs
To express one's feelings through disruptive actions.

act up /ækt ˈap/ /ækt ˈʌp/ [ækˈtäp] [ækˈtɐʔp] [ækˈtʌp̚] v
courir sur le haricot enquiquiner importuner péter les pruneaux énerver
(intransitive, idiomatic) To misbehave; to cause trouble.

actant actants n
actant
(grammar) Any of the participants, such as the subject or object, in a grammatical clause.

actigraphy n
actimétrie
The use of the actigraph to record the movements of a sleeping subject, and analyze the subject's sleep patterns.

actin actins n
actine
(protein, uncountable) A globular structural protein that polymerizes in a helical fashion to form an actin filament (or microfilament).

acting /ˈæk.tɪŋ/ adj
intérimaire par intérim
Temporarily assuming the duties or authority of another person when they are unable to do their job.

actinium /ækˈtɪniəm/ actiniums n
actinium
A radioactive, metallic chemical element (symbol: Ac) with an atomic number of 89; found in uranium ores.

actinobiology n
actinobiologie
The study of the effects of radiation upon living organisms.

actinolite actinolites n
actinote
(mineral) A mineral with monoclinic crystals of the chemical formula Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2, belonging to the amphibole group.

actinometer actinometers n
actinomètre
(physics) A device used to measure the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation.

actinometric more actinometric most actinometric adj
actinométrique
Of or pertaining to actinometry

actinometry /ˌæktɪˈnɒmətɹi/ actinometries n
actinométrie
the measurement of the heating power of electromagnetic radiation, especially that of solar radiation

actinomorphic more actinomorphic most actinomorphic adj
actinomorphe
(botany, of a flower) Having its petals arranged in a radially symmetric fashion.

actinoscopy n
actinoscopie
(medicine, archaic) Radiology; examination by means of an X-ray machine.

action /ˈæk.ʃən/ interjection
action
Demanding or signifying the start of something, usually a performance.

action /ˈæk.ʃən/ actions n
action
Something done, often so as to accomplish a purpose.
A way of motion or functioning.
Fast-paced activity.
(military) Combat.
(literature) The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events.
action en justice action légale
(legal) A charge or other process in a law court (also called lawsuit and actio).

action at a distance actions at a distance n
action à distance

action figure action figures n
figurine articulée figurine d'action
A children's toy in the form of a posable plastic figurine of a character, often from a movie, video game, or television program, with moving parts and often capable of some form of spring-loaded movement. It is used to distinguish from dolls, which have acquired the reputation as a girl's toy, whereas action figures are more marketed toward boys.

action movie action movies n
film d'action
A motion picture whose storyline involves fast-paced activity and conflict, usually including such elements as a heroic protagonist, violent fights, acrobatic stunts, chase scenes, and gunplay.

action plan action plans n
plan d'action plan d'attaque
A planned series of actions, tasks or steps designed to achieve an objective or goal.

action verb action verbs n
verbe d'action
A word that expresses action and tells what the subject of a sentence does.

actionism actionisms n
actionisme
An excessive emphasis on action, activity, or change in lieu of continuity, stability, and permanence.

actions speak louder than words proverb
bien faire vaut mieux que bien dire
It is more effective to act directly than to speak of action.

activable /ˈæktɪvəbl, -bəl/ adj
activable
Capable of being activated

activate /ˈæktɪˌveɪt/ v
activer actionner
(transitive) To put a device, mechanism (alarm etc.) or system into action or motion; to trigger, to actuate, to set off, to enable.

activated carbon n
charbon actif charbon activé
(chemistry) A very absorbent form of finely powdered carbon; used in purifying gases, and as an antidote for many poisons.

activation /ˌæktəˈveɪʃən/ /ˌæktɪˈveɪʃən/ activations n
activation
Making active and effective; bringing into a state of activity.
(physics) The process of making a radioisotope by bombarding a stable element with neutrons or protons.
(biochemistry) The process by which molecules are made able to react.

activation analysis activation analyses n
analyse par activation
(chemistry) Any of several similar radiochemical techniques of analysis in which a subatomic particle or gamma ray is captured by a nuclide to form a second stable nuclide which is then measured.

activator activators n
activateur
(biology) Any chemical or agent which regulates one or more genes by increasing the rate of transcription.

active /ˈæk.tɪv/ more active most active adj
actif
Having the power or quality of acting; causing change; communicating action or motion; acting;—opposed to passive, that receives.
Quick in physical movement; of an agile and vigorous body; nimble.
In action; actually proceeding; working; in force
Given to action rather than contemplation; practical; operative

active euthanasia n
euthanasie active

active learning n
pédagogie active

active listening n
écoute active

active matrix active matrices active matrixes n
matrice active
A form of liquid crystal display with a grid of transistors and capacitors that can hold a charge for a limited period of time, contrasted with passive matrix.

active vocabulary active vocabularies n
vocabulaire actif
The collection of words and phrases that someone commonly uses in speech and writing.

active voice active voices n
voix active
(grammar, uncountable) The form in which the subject of a verb carries out some action.

active volcano active volcanoes active volcanos n
volcan actif
(vulcanology, geology) A volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years, although not necessarily venting lava or gases now.

actively /ˈæktɪvli/ more actively most actively adv
activement
In an active manner.

activism /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm̩/ /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪz.m̩/ activisms n
activisme
The practice of using action to achieve a result, such as political demonstration or a strike in support of or in opposition to an issue.

activist /ˈæk.tɪ.vɪst/ activists n
militant militante activiste
One who is politically active in the role of a citizen; especially, one who campaigns for change.

activities of daily living n
activités de la vie quotidienne
(healthcare) A set of common daily activities, including bathing, feeding, and relieving oneself. A person’s ability or inability to perform them is used as a measurement of their functional status.

activity /ækˈtɪv.ə.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ækˈtɪv.ɪ.tiː/ [ækˈtɪv.ə.ɾi] [ækˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] activities n
activité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being active; activeness.
(countable) Something done as an action or a movement.
(countable) Something done for pleasure or entertainment, especially one involving movement or an excursion.
The property of substances to react with other substances

actor /ˈak.tə/ /ˈæk.tɚ/ actors actress n
acteur actrice faiseur faiseuse
A person who acts a part in a theatrical play or (later) in film or television; a dramatic performer. [from 16th c.]

actress /ˈæk.tɹɪs/ actor actresses n
actrice
(now, _, rare) A female doer or "actor" (in a general sense). [from 16th c.]

actual /ˈæk(t)ʃ(u)əl/ /ˈæktj(ʊ)əl/ /ˈæt͡ʃəl/ adj
actuel présent
réel effectif
Existing in reality, not just potentially; really acted or acting; occurring in fact. [from 14th c.]

actualism actualisms n
actualisme
(philosophy) The belief that actuality and existence are co‐extensive: i.e., that only actual things exist, and merely possible things do not.

actually /ˈak.tjʊ.ə.lɪ/ /ˈak.t͡ʃ(ʊ.)(ə.)li/ /ˈak.t͡ʃʊ.ə.lɪ/ /ˈak.ʃ(ʊ.)(ə.)li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.u.li/ /ˈat͡ʃ.ə.li/ /ˈæk.t͡ʃ(u.)(ə.)li/ /ˈæk.ʃ(u.)(ə.)li/ adv
en fait effectivement
(modal) In act or in fact; really; in truth; positively.

actuarial /æk.tjuˈɛəɹ.i.əl/ /ækˈt͡ʃuː.ɹiːəl/ adj
actuariel
Relating to statistical calculation, especially pertaining to insurance.

actuarial science n
actuariat sciences actuarielles
(applied mathematics, insurance, finance) The discipline within applied mathematics dealing with risk assessment and the modelling of uncertainty; the rigorous application of mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk, in industries including insurance and finance.

actuary /ˈæktjʊəɹi/ /ˈæktʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈæktʃəɹi/ /ˈæktʃʊəɹi/ actuaries n
actuaire
A professional who calculates financial values associated with uncertain events subject to risk, such as insurance premiums or pension contributions.

acuity /əˈkjuːɪti/ acuities n
perception
acuité
Sharpness or acuteness, as of a needle, wit, etc.

aculeiform more aculeiform most aculeiform adj
aculéiforme
Like a prickle or thorn

acumen /æˈkjumən/ /əˈkjumən/ /əˈkjuːmən/ /ˈækjəmən/ /ˈækjəˌmɛn/ /ˈækjʊmən/ acumens acumina n
sagacité
Quickness of perception or discernment; penetration of mind; the faculty of nice discrimination.

acupuncture /ˈæ.kju.ˌpʌŋk.t͡ʃɝ/ acupunctures n
acupuncture acuponcture
The insertion of needles into the (living) tissue of the body affecting the Qi or energy along energetic pathways of the body called meridians. This modality is traditionally used as a form of internal medical treating all disease and illnesses, in Western countries it is widely used for the purposes of pain relief.

acute /əˈkjut/ /əˈkjuːt/ acuter acutest more acute most acute adj
aigu aiguë
Intense; sensitive; sharp.
aigu
Urgent.
(geometry, of an angle) Less than 90 degrees.
(geometry, of a triangle) Having all three interior angles measuring less than 90 degrees.
(medicine) Of an abnormal condition of recent or sudden onset, in contrast to delayed onset; this sense does not imply severity, unlike the common usage.
(medicine) Of a short-lived condition, in contrast to a chronic condition; this sense also does not imply severity.
(orthography) After a letter of the alphabet: having an acute accent.

acute accent acute accents n
accent aigu
(orthography) : A diacritical mark ( ´ ) that can be placed above a number of letters in many languages of the Latin, Greek and Cyrillic writing systems.

acute angle acute angles n
angle aigu
(mathematics, geometry) An angle measuring less than ninety degrees.

acute triangle acute triangles n
triangle acutangle
(geometry) A triangle all of the angles of which are acute.

acute-angled adj
acutangle
(geometry) Of a triangle, having three acute angles.

acute-phase protein acute-phase proteins n
protéine de phase aigüe
(biochemistry, immunology) Any of a class of proteins whose plasma concentrations change in response to inflammation, such as C-reactive protein.

acyclic /eɪˈsaɪklɪk/ /eɪˈsɪklɪk/ more acyclic most acyclic adj
acyclique
(chemistry) Not cyclic; having an open chain structure.

acyl /ˈeɪ.saɪl/ /ˈæ.sɪl/ acyls n
acyle
(organic chemistry) Any of class of organic radicals, RCO-, formed by the removal of a hydroxyl group from a carboxylic acid.

ad /æd/ ads n
pub
short form of advertisement

ad hoc /ˌæd ˈhɑk/ /ˌæd ˈhɒk/ /ˌæd ˈhɔk/ more ad hoc most ad hoc adj
ad hoc
For a particular purpose.

ad hominem ad hominems n
attaque personnelle
(informal) A personal attack.

ad infinitum /ˌæd ɪnfɪˈnaɪtəm/ adv
à l'infini
Endlessly; for ever; neverendingly.

ad lib /æd ˈlɪb/ /ˈæd ˈlɪb/ more ad lib most ad lib adv
ad libitum
At will.
ad libitum à discrétion
To whatever extent.

ad lib /æd ˈlɪb/ /ˈæd ˈlɪb/ v
improviser
To perform without script.
To perform without preparation.
To perform extemporaneously.

ad nauseam /ˌæd ˈnɑziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɒziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɔziəm/ /ˌæd ˈnɔːziəm/ adv
ad nauseam
To a nauseating or sickening degree.

ad-lib v
improviser
To improvise all or part of a speech or other performance, especially in comedy.

adamant /ˈæd.ə.mænt/ /ˈæd.ə.mənt/ more adamant most adamant adj
catégorique inflexible
(said of people and their conviction) Firm; unshakeable; unyielding; determined.

adamantine /ˌæd.əˈmæn.taɪn/ /ˌæd.əˈmæn.tin/ /ˌæd.əˈmæn.tɪn/ more adamantine most adamantine adj
adamantin
Made of adamant, or having the qualities of adamant; incapable of being broken, dissolved, or penetrated.

adapt /əˈdæpt/ more adapt most adapt adj
adapté
Adapted; fit; suited; suitable.

adapt /əˈdæpt/ v
adapter s'adapter
(transitive) To make suitable; to make to correspond; to fit or suit
s'adapter adapter
(transitive) To fit by alteration; to modify or remodel for a different purpose; to adjust
adapter
(transitive) To make by altering or fitting something else; to produce by change of form or character
s'adapter
(intransitive) To make oneself comfortable to a new thing.

adaptability /ədæptəˈbɪlɪti/ adaptabilities n
adaptabilité
The quality of being adaptable; a quality that renders adaptable.

adaptable /əˈdæptəbəl/ more adaptable most adaptable adj
adaptable
Capable of adapting or of being adapted.

adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/ adaptations n
adaptation
(uncountable) The process of adapting something or becoming adapted to a situation; adjustment, modification.
(uncountable) The process of adapting an artistic work from a different medium.
(countable, authorship) An artistic work that has been adapted from a different medium.

adapted /əˈdæptɪd/ more adapted most adapted adj
adapté adaptée
Having been subject to an alteration or change to fit a different circumstance or medium.

adapter /əˈdæptə(ɹ)/ /əˈdæptəɹ/ adapters n
adaptateur
One who adapts a thing, e.g. a play.
Specifically, an AC adapter: a device that reduces voltage and converts AC to DC to allow a battery-powered device to use mains power.
Specifically, a device that allows one format of plug to be used with a different format of socket.
Specifically, a device that permits two or more plugs to be used at a single electrical power point.

adaptive /əˈdæp.tɪv/ more adaptive most adaptive adj
adaptatif
Of, pertaining to, characterized by or showing adaptation; making or made fit or suitable.
(psychology) Of a trait: that helps an individual to function well in society.
adaptable
Capable of being adapted or of adapting; susceptible of or undergoing accordant change.

adaptive learning n
apprentissage adaptatif

adaptogen adaptogens n
adaptogène
(alternative medicine) Any natural herbal substance, such as ginseng, that is purported to assist the body to adapt to stress, and to exert a normalizing effect upon body functions.

add /æd/ v
ajouter additionner
(transitive) To append (e.g. a statement); to say further information; to add on.
additionner ajouter faire une addition sommer
(intransitive) To make an addition; to augment; to increase; to add on.
additionner faire une addition
(intransitive, mathematics) To perform the arithmetical operation of addition.

add fuel to the fire v
jeter de l'huile sur le feu mettre de l'huile sur le feu
(idiomatic) To worsen a conflict between people; to inflame an already tense situation.

add insult to injury v
ajouter l'injure à l'insulte comme si ça ne suffisait pas pour couronner le tout
(idiomatic) To further a loss with mockery or indignity; to worsen an already unfavourable situation.

add up v
additionner
(transitive, of a numerical amount) To take the sum of; to total.
faire
(intransitive) To accumulate; to amount to.

add-on add-ons n
ajout extension
(sometimes, attributive) Something which can be appended to something else.
addiciel extension
(computer hardware, software) A software extension or hardware peripheral that provides additional functions or customization for a core application or system.

addend /ˈæd.ɛnd/ addends n
cumulateur
(mathematics) Addendum, any one of two or more numbers or other terms that are to be added together.

addendum /əˈden.dəm/ /əˈdɛn.dəm/ addenda addendums n
addendum
Something to be added; especially text added as an appendix or supplement to a document.

adder /ˈædɚ/ adders n
vipère
Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, the northern copperhead, a venomous viper found in the eastern United States
The common European adder (Vipera berus).

addict /əˈdɪkt/ /ˈæd.ɪkt/ addicts n
intoxiqué dépendant dépendante
A person who is addicted, especially to a harmful drug

addiction /əˈdɪkʃən/ addictions n
addiction dépendance
The state of being addicted; devotion; inclination.
dépendance
A habit or practice that damages, jeopardizes or shortens one's life but when ceased causes trauma.

addictive /əˈdɪktɪv/ more addictive most addictive adj
addictif qui crée une dépendance qui entraîne une dépendance qui rend accro
Causing or tending to cause addiction; habit-forming.

addictively more addictively most addictively adv
addictivement
In an addictive manner.

addictogenic more addictogenic most addictogenic adj
addictogène

addictologist addictologists n
addictologue
A person who practises addictology.

addition /əˈdɪʃ.ən/ [əˈdɪʃ.n̩] additions n
addition ajout
(uncountable) The act of adding anything.
Anything that is added.
addition
(uncountable) The arithmetic operation of adding.

additional /əˈdɪʃənəl/ adj
additionnel
Supplemental or added to something.

additionality additionalities n
additionalité
The property of being additional.

additive /ˈæ.də.tɪv/ /ˈæ.dɪ.tɪv/ [ˈæ.ɾə.tɪv] [ˈæ.ɾə.ɾɪv] additives n
additif
A substance added to another substance or product to produce specific properties in the combined substance.

additive manufacturing n
fabrication additive

addorsed adj
adossés
(heraldry, of animals or wings) Set back to back, facing away from each other.

address /əˈdɹɛs/ /ˈæd.ɹɛs/ addresses n
adresse
A description of the location of a property, usually with at least a street name and number, name of a town, and now also a postal code; such a description as superscribed for direction on an envelope or letter. [from 17th c.]
(computing) A number identifying a specific storage location in computer memory; a string of characters identifying a location on the internet or other network; sometimes (specifically) an e-mail address. [from 20th c.]
(by extension) The property itself. [from 19th c.]
discours
An act of addressing oneself to a person or group; a discourse or speech, or a record of this. [from 17th c.]
langage
A formal approach to a sovereign, especially an official appeal or petition; later (specifically) a response given by each of the Houses of Parliament to the sovereign's speech at the opening of Parliament. [from 17th c.]
habileté
(now, rare) Preparedness for some task; resourcefulness; skill, ability. [from 16th c.]
préparatifs
(obsolete) The act of getting ready; preparation. [17th–18th c.]

address /əˈdɹɛs/ /ˈæd.ɹɛs/ v
adresser aborder
(transitive) To direct speech to; to make a communication to, whether spoken or written; to apply to by words, as by a speech, petition, etc., to speak to.

address bar address bars n
barre d'adresse
(computing, graphical user interface) A bar in a web browser that displays the address (uniform resource identifier) of the page or resource being displayed.

address book address books n
carnet d'adresses
A small book for keeping other people's addresses and phone numbers.
carnet d’adresses
(computing) A computerized storage area for contact information such as e-mail addresses.

addressee addressees n
destinataire
The person or organization to which something, such as a letter or message, is addressed or sent, for whom the item is intended.

addressing /əˈdɹɛsɪŋ/ addressings n
adressage
A process of putting a person's name and address on an item of mail

adduct /əˈdʌkt/ /ˈæ.dʌkt/ adducts n
adduit
(chemistry) The product of an addition reaction.

adductor /əˈdʌktɚ/ adductores adductors n
adducteur
(anatomy) A muscle which draws a limb or part of the body toward the middle line of the body, or closes extended parts of the body; -- opposed to abductor

adelopode adj
adélopode

adelphic more adelphic most adelphic adj
adelphique
Describing a form of polyandry in which a woman is married to two or more brothers

adelphopoiesis n
affrèrement
(history, Christianity) A ceremony where males are unionised with one another.

adenine /ˈæ.dəˌniːn/ /ˈæ.dɪˌnɪn/ adenines n
adénine
(biochemistry, genetics) A base, C5H5N5, found in certain glands and tissues, which pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA.

adeno- prefix
adéno-
gland

adenoassociated adj
adénoassocié

adenohypophysis adenohypophyses n
adénohypophyse
(anatomy) The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, producing and secreting several peptide hormones that regulate many physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.

adenoid /ˈad.ɪn.ɔɪd/ /ˈæd.əˌnɔɪd/ /ˈædˌnɔɪd/ adenoids n
adénoïde
(symptom) an abnormally enlarged mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the pharynx, often obstructing the nasal and ear passages and hindering speaking and breathing in young children.

adenoidectomy adenoidectomies n
adénoïdectomie
(surgery) Surgical removal of the adenoids, or of adenoid growths in the nasopharynx; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy.

adenoma /ædəˈnoʊmə/ adenomas adenomata n
adénome
(pathology) A benign tumour of the epithelium arising from or resembling a gland.

adenomatous adj
adénomateux
Of or pertaining to adenoma

adenomyosis n
adénomyose

adenosine /əˈdɛnə(ʊ)siːn/ /əˈdɛnəsən/ /əˈdɛnəˌsin/ adenosines n
adénosine
(biochemistry, genetics, organic compound) A nucleoside derived from adenine and ribose, found in striated muscle tissue. [from 20th c.]

adenosine triphosphate n
adénosine triphosphate
(biochemistry, neurotransmitter) a nucleotide that is used as a source of energy in cellular reactions, in the synthesis of nucleic acids, and as a neurotransmitter recognised by purinergic receptors

adenoviral more adenoviral most adenoviral adj
adénoviral

adenovirus /əˈdɛnəʊˌvaɪɹəs/ adenoviruses n
adénovirus
(medicine) Any virus of the family Adenoviridae, many of which are responsible for respiratory infections in humans

adept /ædˈɛpt/ /əˈdɛpt/ /ˈæd.ɛpt/ adepter adeptest more adept most adept adj
expert
Well skilled; completely versed; thoroughly proficient

adept /ædˈɛpt/ /əˈdɛpt/ /ˈæd.ɛpt/ adepts n
expert
One fully skilled or well versed in anything; a proficient

adeptly more adeptly most adeptly adv
dextrement habilement
With great skill or knowledge.

adequate /ˈæ.də.kɪt/ /ˈæd.ə.kwɪt/ /ˈæd.ɪ.kwət/ /ˈæd.ɪˌkweɪt/ more adequate most adequate adj
adéquat
Equal to or fulfilling some requirement.

adequateness adequatenesses n
adéquation
The quality of being adequate, of meeting needs or expectations.

adessive case adessive cases n
adessif
(grammar) A noun case used to indicate adjacent location. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions near, at, or by, as in "by the house." Languages that use the adessive case include Finnish, Hungarian, Estonian, Lezgi and Lithuanian.

adhan /ɑːˈðɑːn/ /əˈðɑːn/ adhans n
adhan
(Islam) The call to prayer, which consisted originally of simply four takbirs followed by the statement (أَشْهَدُ أَنْ) لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله.

adhere /ædˈhɪə/ /ædˈhɪɹ/ v
adhérer
(intransitive) To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does; to become joined or united.
(intransitive, figurative) To be consistent or coherent; to be in accordance; to agree.

adherence /ədˈhɪə.ɹəns/ /ədˈhɪɹ.əns/ adherences n
adhésion
Faithful support for some cause.
observance
(medicine) An extent to which a patient continues an agreed treatment plan.

adherent /ædˈ(h)ɪə.ɹənt/ /ædˈ(h)ɪɹ.ənt/ /əd-/ more adherent most adherent adj
adhérent

adherent /ædˈ(h)ɪə.ɹənt/ /ædˈ(h)ɪɹ.ənt/ /əd-/ adherents n
adhérent
A person who has membership in some group, association or religion.

adhesin adhesins n
adhésine
(biochemistry) Any of several factors that enable bacteria to adhere to epithelial surfaces as a step towards infection.

adhesion /ˌædˈhiː.ʒən/ adhesions n
adhésion
The ability of a substance to stick to an unlike substance.
An agreement to adhere.
(biochemistry) The binding of a cell to a surface or substrate.

adhesive /ædˈhi.sɪv/ more adhesive most adhesive adj
adhésif collant
sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substances

adhesive /ædˈhi.sɪv/ adhesives n
adhésif
a substance, such as glue, that provides or promotes adhesion

adhesive capsulitis n
capsulite rétractile épaule gelée
(pathology) A disorder in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain.

adhesive tape adhesive tapes n
ruban adhésif scotch
(US, medical) Surgical tape, such tape made specifically for medical purposes.

adiabatic /ˌeɪ.daɪ.əˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌeɪ.dɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ /ˌæd.ɪəˈbæt.ɪk/ adj
adiabatique
(physics, thermodynamics, of a process) That occurs without gain or loss of heat (and thus with no change in entropy, in the quasistatic approximation).

adicity adicities n
arité
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.

adieu /əˈd(j)ɪu̯/ /əˈdju/ /əˈdjuː/ /əˈdjɜː/ /əˈdu/ adieus adieux n
adieu farewell
A farewell, a goodbye; especially a fond farewell, or a lasting or permanent farewell.

adipocyte adipocytes n
adipocyte
(cytology) a type of cell, present in adipose tissue, where fat is stored as a source of energy

adipose /ˈæd.ɪ.poʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊz/ more adipose most adipose adj
adipeux
Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat; fatty.

adipose /ˈæd.ɪ.poʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊs/ /ˈæd.ɪ.pəʊz/ n
-euse adipeux

adipose tissue adipose tissues n
tissu adipeux
(anatomy) Connective tissue which stores fat, and which cushions and insulates the body.

adiposis /ˌæd.ɪˈpoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæd.ɪˈpəʉ.sɪs/ /ˌæd.ɪˈpəʊ.sɪs/ adiposes n
adipose
(medical) A condition marked by the accumulation of adipose (fatty) tissue.

adiposity adiposities n
adiposité
Obesity; the state of being fat.

adipous adj
adipeux
(anatomy, archaic) Of or relating to adipose, the fatty tissue.

adive adives n
adive
The golden jackal; a smaller sort of jackal, sometimes domesticated.

adjacency adjacencies n
adjacence
The quality of being adjacent, or near enough so as to touch.

adjacency matrix adjacency matrices adjacency matrixes n
matrice d'adjacence
(graph theory) A matrix showing which vertices of a graph are adjacent to which other vertices.

adjacent /əˈd͡ʒeɪ.sənt/ adj
adjacent
Lying next to, close, or contiguous; neighboring; bordering on.

adjectival /ˌædʒɛkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəkˈtaɪ.vəl/ /ˌæd͡ʒəˈtaɪ.vəl/ more adjectival most adjectival adj
adjectival adjectif
(grammar) Of or relating to or functioning as an adjective.

adjectival pronoun adjectival pronouns n
pronom adjectif
(grammar) A pronoun that accompanies a noun, such as our in English.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ adj
procédure
(legal) Applying to methods of enforcement and rules of procedure.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ adjectives n
adjectif nom adjectif
(grammar) A word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes a noun’s referent.

adjective /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ək.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɛk.tɪv/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.ɪk.tɪv/ v
adjectivaliser adjectiver adjectiviser
(transitive) To make an adjective of; to form or convert into an adjective.

adjective dye n
teinture adjective

adjective phrase adjective phrases n
locution adjectivale
(grammar) A phrase that collectively modifies or describes a noun or pronoun and which can usually be used both attributively and predicatively, can be graded, and be modified by an adverb.

adjectivization adjectivizations n
adjectivation adjectivisation
(grammar) The process or result of adjectivizing; conversion into an adjective.

adjectivize v
adjectiver

adjika n
adjika
A hot, spicy but subtly flavoured paste often used to flavour food, mainly in the Caucasian regions of Abkhazia and Samegrelo.

adjoin /əˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
adjoindre
(transitive) To be in contact or connection with.
(transitive, mathematics, chiefly, algebra, and, number theory) To extend an algebraic object (e.g. a field, a ring, etc.) by adding to it (an element not belonging to it) and all finite power series of (the element).

adjourn /əˈdʒɜːn/ /əˈd͡ʒɝn/ v
ajourner
(transitive) To postpone.
(transitive) To defer; to put off temporarily or indefinitely.
(intransitive) To end or suspend an event.
ajourner mouvoir
(intransitive, formal, uncommon) To move as a group from one place to another.

adjournment adjournments n
ajournement suspension
The state of being adjourned, or action of adjourning.

adjudicate /əˈd͡ʒudɪˌkeɪt/ v
juger trancher
To settle a legal case or other dispute.

adjudication /ə(d)ˌd͡ʒu.dɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ adjudications n
adjudication jugement
A judgment or sentence.

adjudicator /æ.d͡ʒu.dɪˈkeɪ.tɔɹ/ adjudicators n
juge
One who adjudicates.

adjunct /ˈæd͡ʒ.ʌŋkt/ adjuncts n
attribut complément
An appendage; something attached to something else in a subordinate capacity.

adjust /əˈd͡ʒʌst/ v
ajuster
(transitive) To modify.
(transitive) To improve or rectify.

adjustable more adjustable most adjustable adj
ajustable réglable
capable of being adjusted

adjustable pliers n
pince multiprise pince becro pince multiple
A type of pliers used by plumbers that can be quickly changed in size and is primarily used for tightening nuts on water pipes.

adjustable spanner adjustable spanners n
clé anglaise clé à molette clé à crémaillère
(British) An adjustable hand tool for tightening and loosening nuts and bolts.

adjusted /əˈd͡ʒʌstɪd/ more adjusted most adjusted adj
ajusté
Which has been compensated in order to avoid bias.

adjustment /əˈd͡ʒʌst.mənt/ adjustments n
ajustement arèglement
The result of adjusting something; a small change; a minor correction; a modification or alteration

adjutant /ˈæ.d͡ʒə.tənt/ adjutants n
adjudant
(military rank) A lower-ranking officer who assists a higher-ranking officer with administrative affairs.

adjuvant /ˈæd͡ʒ.ə.vənt/ adj
adjuvant
(medicine) Designating a supplementary form of treatment, especially a cancer therapy administered after removal of a primary tumour. [from 19th c.]

administer /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stə/ /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɚ/ v
administrer gérer
(transitive) To manage or supervise the conduct, performance or execution of; to govern or regulate the parameters for the conduct, performance or execution of; to work in an administrative capacity.
administrer
(transitive, medicine) To cause (a patient, human or animal) to ingest (a drug), either by openly offering or through deceit.

administration /ədˌmɪnəˈstɹeɪʃən/ administrations n
administration
(uncountable) The act of administering; government of public affairs; the service rendered, or duties assumed, in conducting affairs; the conducting of any office or employment; direction.
(countable, government, politics) The executive part of government; the persons collectively who are entrusted with the execution of laws and the superintendence of public affairs; the chief magistrate and his cabinet or council; or the council, or ministry, alone, as in Great Britain.

administrative /ədˈmɪn.əˌstɹeɪ.tɪv/ /ədˈmɪn.ɪ.stɹə.tɪv/ [ədˈmɪn.əˌstɹeɪ.ɾɪv] [ədˈmɪn.ɪ.st̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷə.tʰɪv] more administrative most administrative adj
administratif
Of or relating to administering or administration.

administrative law n
droit administratif
(legal) All the laws that pertain to the administrative agencies of government.

administratively adv
administrativement
In an administrative manner, or for purposes of administration.

administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtə/ /ədˈmɪnɪstɹeɪtɚ/ administrators n
administrateur gérant administratrice gestionnaire gérante
One who administers affairs; one who directs, manages, executes, or dispenses, whether in civil, judicial, political, or ecclesiastical affairs; a manager
gestionnaire
(legal) A person who manages or settles the estate of an intestate, or of a testator when there is no competent executor; one to whom the right of administration has been committed by competent authority
administrateur administratrice admin
(computing) One who is responsible for software installation, management, information and maintenance of a computer or network

admirable /æd.ˈmaɪ.ɹə.bəl/ /ˈæd.məɹ.ə.bəl/ more admirable most admirable adj
admirable
Deserving of the highest esteem or admiration.

admirably /ˈæd.mə.ɹə.bli/ /ˈæd.mɪɹ.ə.bli/ more admirably most admirably adv
admirablement
To an admirable degree.

admiral /ˈæd.mə.ɹəl/ /ˈæd.mɚ.əl/ admirals n
amiral
A naval officer of the highest rank; the commander of a country's naval forces.
A naval officer of high rank, immediately below Admiral of the Fleet; the commander of a fleet or squadron.
Any of various nymphalid butterflies of the genera Kaniska, Limenitis and Vanessa, especially a red admiral or white admiral.

admiralty /ˈæd.mɪ.ɹəl.ti/ admiralties n
amirauté
(military) The office or jurisdiction of an admiral.

admiration /ˌæd.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ admirations n
admiration
A positive emotion including wonder and approbation; the regarding of another as being wonderful

admire /ədˈmaɪə/ /ədˈmaɪɹ/ /ədˈmʌɪɹ/ v
admirer
(transitive) To regard with wonder and delight.

admirer /ædˈmaɪɚ.ɹɚ/ /ədˈmaɪ.ɹə/ admirers n
admirateur admiratrice
One who admires.

admiring /æd.ˈmaɪ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ more admiring most admiring adj
admiratif
Feeling or showing admiration.

admissible more admissible most admissible adj
admissible
Capable or deserving to be admitted, accepted or allowed; allowable, permissible, acceptable.

admission /ædˈmɪʃ.ən/ admissions n
admission
Permission to enter, or the entrance itself; admittance; entrance; access

admit /ədˈmɪt/ v
admettre
(transitive) To allow to enter; to grant entrance (to), whether into a place, into the mind, or into consideration
(transitive) To allow (someone) to enter a profession or to enjoy a privilege; to recognize as qualified for a franchise.
(transitive) To be capable of; to permit. In this sense, "of" may be used after the verb, or may be omitted.
admettre reconnaître avouer
(transitive, or, intransitive) To concede as true; to acknowledge or assent to, as an allegation which it is impossible to deny (+ to).

admittedly more admittedly most admittedly adv
certes
As is acknowledged to be true; by general admission; confessedly.

admixture /ædˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ /ədˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ admixtures n
mélange

admonish /ædˈmɑn.ɪʃ/ /ədˈmɒn.ɪʃ/ v
admonester réprimander
(transitive) To inform or notify of a fault; to rebuke gently or kindly, but seriously; to tell off.
avertir
(transitive, with of or against) To advise against wrongdoing; to caution; to warn against danger or an offense.

adnate more adnate most adnate adj
adné
(botany, mycology) Linked or fused to a structure of a type different from itself; for example, attachment of a stamen to a petal is adnate, while attachment of a stamen to another stamen is connate.

ado /əˈduː/ n
bruit cérémonies foin histoire manières
trouble; troublesome business; fuss, commotion

adobe /əˈdoʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊ.bi/ /əˈdəʊb/ adobes n
adobe
An unburnt brick dried in the sun.
argile
The earth from which such bricks are made.
maison en adobes
A house made of adobe brick.

adolescence /ˌædəˈlɛsəns/ adolescences n
adolescence
The transitional period of physical and psychological development between childhood and maturity.

adolescent /ˌædəˈlɛsənt/ more adolescent most adolescent adj
adolescent
Of, relating to, or at the age of adolescence; at the stage between being a child and an adult.

adopt /əˈdɑpt/ /əˈdɒpt/ v
adopter
To take (a child, heir, friend, citizen, etc.) by choice into a relationship.
To take or receive as one's own what is not so naturally.

adoptable more adoptable most adoptable adj
adoptable
Able to be adopted.

adoptee adoptees n
adopté adoptée
An adopted son or daughter.
A person who was adopted as a child.

adoption /əˈdɑp.ʃən/ /əˈdɒp.ʃən/ adoptions n
adoption
The state of being adopted; the acceptance of a child of other parents as if he or she were one's own child.
Admission to an institution, for example a hospital, clinic, mental asylum.
The choosing and making that to be one's own which originally was not so; acceptance
(computing) Transfer between an old system to another (usually better) system.

adoptive /əˈdɒptɪv/ adj
adoptif
Related through adoption.

adoptive father adoptive fathers n
père adoptif
A man who has adopted a child, as opposed to a biological father.

adoptive mother adoptive mothers n
mère adoptive
A woman who has adopted a child, as opposed to a biological mother.

adorable /əˈdoɹ.əˌbəl/ /əˈdɔːɹəbəl/ more adorable most adorable adj
adorable mignon
Befitting of being adored; cute or loveable.

adorableness /əˈdɔːɹəbəlnəs/ adorablenesses n
adorabilité
The state or quality of being adorable.

adoration /ˌæ.dəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ adorations n
adoration
(countable, religion) An act of religious worship.
(uncountable) Admiration or esteem.
(uncountable) The act of adoring; loving devotion or fascination.

adore /əˈdo(ː)ɹ/ /əˈdoə̯/ /əˈdɔɹ/ /əˈdɔː/ v
adorer
To worship.
To love with one's entire heart and soul; regard with deep respect and affection.

adorn /əˈdɔɹn/ /əˈdɔː(ɹ)n/ v
décorer orner parer
To make more beautiful and attractive; to decorate.

adornment adornments n
parure
A decoration; that which adorns.

adposition /ˈæd.pəˌzɪ.ʃən/ adpositions n
adposition
(grammar) An element that combines syntactically with a phrase and indicates how that phrase should be interpreted in the surrounding context; a preposition or postposition.

adrenal /æˈdɹiːnəl/ more adrenal most adrenal adj
adrénal
Pertaining to the adrenal glands or their secretions.

adrenal cortex adrenal cortexes n
cortex surrénal
(anatomy) The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces hormones essential to homeostasis.

adrenal gland adrenal glands n
glande surrénale
(anatomy) In mammals, either of a pair of complex endocrine glands, situated above each kidney, secreting hormones which control the heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism.

adrenaline /əˈdɹɛnəlɪn/ adrenalines n
adrénaline
(hormone) Epinephrine, the hormone and neurotransmitter.

adrenaline junkie adrenaline junkies n
accro à l'adrénaline
(colloquial) One who is seemingly addicted to the sensation of exhilaration associated with risky behaviors or exciting situations, and who actively seeks such opportunities.

adrenarche n
adrénarche
A stage of maturation of the cortex of the human adrenal glands, related to puberty, typically occurring between the ages of six and ten years and involving both structural and functional changes.

adrenocorticotropic more adrenocorticotropic most adrenocorticotropic adj
adrénocorticotrope
That stimulates the adrenal cortex.

adret /əˈdɹeɪ/ /ˈædɹeɪ/ adrets n
adret
(geography) The sun-facing side of a mountain.

adrift /əˈdɹɪft/ more adrift most adrift adj
à la dérive
Floating at random.

adrift /əˈdɹɪft/ more adrift most adrift adv
à la dérive
In a drifting condition; at the mercy of wind and waves.

adsorbent adsorbents n
adsorbant
The solid or liquid in the process of adsorption on which the adsorbate accumulates.

adsorption adsorptions n
adsorption
The adhesion of a liquid or gas on the surface of a solid material, forming a thin film on the surface.

adstratum adstrata n
adstrat
(linguistics) Any language having elements that are responsible for change in neighbouring languages

adulate /ˈæ.d͡ʒə.leɪt/ v
aduler
To flatter effusively.

adulation /ˌædjʊˈleɪʃən/ /ˌædʒʊˈleɪʃən/ /ˌæd͡ʒəˈleɪʃən/ adulations n
adulation
Flattery; fulsome praise.

adulator adulators n
adulateur adulatrice
One who lavishes excessive praises or flattery; one who adulates.

adulatory /ˈædjʊlət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈædjʊləˌtɔɹi/ /ˌædjʊˈleɪtəɹi/ more adulatory most adulatory adj
adulatoire
Exhibiting adulation; overly flattering.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ more adult most adult adj
adulte
Fully grown.

adult /əˈdʌlt/ /ˈæd.əlt/ /ˈæd.ʌlt/ adults n
adulte grand grande personne
A fully grown human or animal.

adult actress adult actresses n
actrice X hardeuse star du porno
(euphemistic) A female porn star.

adult baby adult babies n
bébé adulte
(sexuality, ABDL) A person who has a paraphilia involving role-playing a regression to an infant-like state, wearing diapers, etc.

adult content n
contenu pour adultes
Content, such as pornography or violence, that is not generally thought to be appropriate for viewing by children.

adult movie adult movies n
film pour adultes
(euphemistic) a pornographic film

adulterant adulterants n
adultérant
That which adulterates, or reduces the purity of something.

adulterer /əˈdʌltəɹə/ /əˈdʌltəɹɚ/ adulterers adulteress n
adultère homme adultère femme adultère
One who commits adultery: a spouse who has sex with a non-spouse

adulterous /əˈdʌltəɹəs/ more adulterous most adulterous adj
adultère
Of, or characterized by adultery.

adultery /əˈdʌltəɹi/ adulteries n
adultère
(biblical, narrowly) Sexual intercourse by a married person with someone other than their spouse. See more synonyms at Thesaurus:cuckoldry

adulthood adulthoods n
majorité âge adulte
The time period of a human being's majority; the time during which a human being has reached physical maturity, and ending with its death.

adulticide adulticides n
adulticide
A pesticide designed to kill adult insects rather than their larvae.

adumbration /-əm-/ /ˌædəmˈbɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌædʌmˈbɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ adumbrations n
ébauche ébauchement
(countable, uncountable, figuratively) A rough or symbolic representation; a vague indication of what is to come, a foreshadowing.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ advances n
avancée progression progrès
A forward move; improvement or progression.
avance souscription
An amount of money or credit, especially given as a loan, or paid before it is due; an advancement.
avances
(often, in the plural) An opening approach or overture, now especially of an unwelcome or sexual nature.

advance /ədˈvaːns/ /ədˈvæns/ /ədˈvɑːns/ v
élever
To raise (someone) in rank or office; to prefer, to promote. [from 14th c.]
avancer
(intransitive) To move forwards; to approach. [from 16th c.]

advance directive advance directives n
directives anticipées
(medical law) A legal document outlining a person's end-of-life medical and healthcare wishes.

advance guard advance guards n
avant-garde
A unit or units leading the way of advancing or marching troops, guarding them from ambushes, reconnoitering and pursuing the enemy, etc.

advance payment advance payments n
avance paiement à l'avance
The part of a contractually due sum that is paid or received in advance for a good, service or social security payment.

advanced /ədˈvænst/ /ədˈvɑːnst/ further advanced furthest advanced more advanced most advanced adj
avancé
At or close to the state of the art. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
In a late stage of development or education; having greatly progressed beyond an initial stage.

advancement /ædˈvæns.mənt/ /ædˈvɑːns.mənt/ /ədˈvæns.mənt/ /ədˈvɑːns.mənt/ [ædˈvɛəns.mənt] [ədˈvɛəns.mənt] advancements n
progrès
The state of being advanced
avancement d'hoirie
(legal) Property given, usually by a parent to a child, in advance of a future distribution.

advantage /ədˈvæn.(t)ɪd͡ʒ/ /ədˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ/ advantages n
avantage
(countable) Any condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable or chance to success, or to any desired end.
(obsolete) Superiority; mastery; — used with of to specify its nature or with over to specify the other party.
(countable, uncountable) Superiority of state, or that which gives it; benefit; gain; profit
(tennis) The score where one player wins a point after deuce but needs the next to carry the game.

advantage /ədˈvæn.(t)ɪd͡ʒ/ /ədˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ/ v
avantager favoriser
(transitive) to provide (someone) with an advantage, to give an edge to [from 15th c.]

advantageously more advantageously most advantageously adv
avantageusement
In a manner which provides an advantage; in an advantageous manner.

advection /ædˈvɛkʃən/ advections n
advection
(earth science, chemistry) The horizontal movement of a body of atmosphere (or other fluid) along with a concurrent transport of its temperature, humidity etc.
(physics) The transport of a scalar by bulk fluid motion.

advent /ˈæd.vənt/ /ˈæd.vɛnt/ v
arrivée
To arrive or begin, especially at the first coming or appearance of something.

adventitious /ˌæd.vənˈtɪʃ.əs/ /ˌæd.vɛnˈtɪʃ.əs/ more adventitious most adventitious adj
acquis adventice exogène
From an external source; not innate or inherent, foreign.
adventice aléatoire
Accidental, additional, appearing casually.
acquis
(genetics, medicine) Not congenital; acquired.
adventice auxiliaire ectopique
(biology) Developing in an unusual place or from an unusual source.

adventure /ædˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃə/ /ədˈvɛnt͡ʃɚ/ adventures n
aventure
A remarkable occurrence; a striking event.
A daring feat; a bold undertaking, in which dangers are likely to be encountered, and the issue is staked upon unforeseen events; the encountering of risks.
A mercantile or speculative enterprise of hazard; a venture; a shipment by a merchant on his own account.
(obsolete) That which happens by chance; hazard; hap.

adventurer /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.ɚ/ adventurers n
aventurier aventurière
One who enjoys adventures.

adventuress /ədˈvɛntʃəɹɪs/ adventuresses n
aventurière
A female adventurer; a woman who seeks adventure.

adventurism /ədˈvɛn(t)ʃəɹɪz(ə)m/ adventurisms n
aventurisme
(politics) The taking of excessive risks by a government in their political, economic or foreign affairs. [from 20th c.]

adventurous /ædˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ.əs/ more adventurous most adventurous adj
aventureux
(of a, person) Inclined to adventure; willing to take risks; prone to embark on hazardous enterprises; daring.
hasardeux
(of an, act or product) Full of risks; risky; liable to be in danger; requiring courage; rash.

adverb /ˈæd.vɜːb/ /ˈæd.vɝb/ adverbs n
adverbe
(grammar) A word that modifies a verb, adjective, other adverbs, or various other types of words, phrases, or clauses.
(programming) In the Raku programming language, a named parameter that modifies the behavior of a routine.

adverbial /ædˈvɝbi.əl/ /ədˈvɜːbi.əl/ more adverbial most adverbial adj
adverbial
(grammar) Of or relating to an adverb.

adverbial /ædˈvɝbi.əl/ /ədˈvɜːbi.əl/ adverbials n
complément adverbial
(grammar) An adverbial word or phrase.

adverbial clause adverbial clauses n
circonstancielle proposition subordonnée circonstancielle
(grammar) A subordinate clause that functions as an adverb within a main clause.

adverbial participle adverbial participles n
gérondif
(grammar) A participle that modifies a verb in the same sentence and is equivalent to an adverbial clause in English. Adverbial participles may denote time, condition, cause, concession, manner, means, purpose, or attendant circumstance.

adverbial phrase adverbial phrases n
locution adverbiale
(grammar) A phrase that collectively modifies a verb, adjective, another adverb, or a prepositional phrase.

adverbialization adverbializations n
adverbialisation adverbisation
A process of rendering adverbial, of adverbializing.

adverbialize v
adverbialiser
(American spelling) To use as or change into an adverb.

adversary /ædˈvɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ədˈvɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈæd.və.s(ə)ɹi/ /ˈæd.və.sɛɹi/ /ˈæd.vəɹ.sɛɹi/ adversaries n
adversaire ennemi ennemie
An opponent or rival.

adversative adj
adversatif
(linguistics) Expressing opposition or difference.

adverse /ədˈvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈæd.və(ɹ)s/ adverser adversest more adverse most adverse adj
défavorable adverse
Unfavorable; antagonistic in purpose or effect; hostile; actively opposing one's interests or wishes; contrary to one's welfare; acting against; working in an opposing direction.
(not comparable) Opposite; confronting.

adverse possession adverse possessions n
prescription acquisitive usucapion
(legal) A means of acquiring title to another's real property without compensation by occupying the property in a manner that has under common law the requirements of being actual, open and notorious, exclusive, hostile, under cover of claim or right, and continuous for a certain number of years.

adversity /ædˈvɜː.sɪ.ti/ /ædˈvɝ.sɪ.ti/ adversities n
adversité malheur
(uncountable) The state of adverse conditions; state of misfortune or calamity.
adversité
(countable) An event that is adverse; calamity.

advertise /ˈadvə(ɹ)taɪz/ /ˈædvɚtaɪz/ v
annoncer
(transitive) To give (especially public) notice of (something); to announce publicly. [from 15th c.]
afficher publier
(intransitive) To provide information about a person or goods and services to influence others. [from 18th c.]

advertisement /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/ /ədˈvɝtɪzmənt/ /ˈædvəˌtaɪzmənt/ /ˈædvəˌtɪzmənt/ /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzmənt/ /ˌædvəˈtʌɪzmənt/ advertisements n
publicité annonce pub réclame
(marketing) A commercial solicitation designed to sell some commodity, service or similar.
annonce avis
A public notice.

advertiser /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɚ/ advertisers n
messager annonceur
One who advertises.

advertising /ˈædvəˌtaɪzɪŋ/ /ˈædvɚˌtaɪzɪŋ/ advertisings n
publicité
The industry or profession made up of such communications.

advertorial /ˈæd.vɜːˌtɔːɹ.i.əl/ /ˌædvɚˈtɔɹi.əl/ advertorials n
publireportage publirédactionnel
An advertisement written in the form of an objective editorial, presented in a printed publication, and usually designed to look like a legitimate and independent news article.

advice /ædˈvaɪs/ /ədˈvaɪs/ advices n
conseil avis
(uncountable) An opinion offered to guide behavior in an effort to be helpful.

advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v
conseiller renseigner
(transitive) To give advice to; to offer an opinion to, as worthy or expedient to be followed.

advisedly more advisedly most advisedly adv
intentionnellement
With intentionality, and deliberately, usually also with a connotation of due consideration and wise choosing.

advisor /ædˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ædˈvaɪ.zɚ/ advisors n
conseiller conseillère

advisory /ədˈvaɪzəɹi/ more advisory most advisory adj
consultatif
Able to give advice.

advisory /ədˈvaɪzəɹi/ advisories n
alerte bulletin d'alerte

advocacy /æd.ˈvoʊ.kə.si/ /ˈæd.və.kə.si/ advocacies n
barreau
The profession of an advocate.
mobilisation promotion
The act of arguing in favour of, or supporting someone or something.

advocacy group advocacy groups n
groupe de pression
A group of people, always allied and sometimes also formally organised, who use various forms of advocacy to influence public opinion and policy.

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ /ˈæd.və.kət/ advocates n
avocat avocate
Anyone who argues the case of another; an intercessor. [from 14th c.]
porte-parole
A person who speaks in support of something, or someone. [from 18th c.]

advocate /ˈæd.və.keɪt/ /ˈæd.və.kət/ v
préconiser
(transitive) To encourage support for something.
plaider
(Scots law, in higher courts) To call a case before itself for decision.

advocate general advocate generals advocates general n
avocat général

adware n
logiciel de publicité logiciel publicitaire publiciel
(computing) A software application that includes advertisements, which are displayed while the software is running. Developers use adware as a source of income and to keep the costs of the software down (usually making it free). Some adware programs can include spyware.

adynamia adynamias n
adynamie
(pathology) Lack or loss of strength, usually due to a disease.

adynaton /-t(ə)n/ /ædəˈnɑtn̩/ /ædɪˈnɑːtɒn/ adynata adynatons n
adynaton
(rhetoric) A form of hyperbole that uses exaggeration so magnified as to express impossibility; an instance of such hyperbole.

adze /ædz/ adzes n
herminette
A cutting tool that has a curved blade set at a right angle to the handle and is used in shaping wood.

aedile /ˈiːdaɪl/ aediles n
édile
(historical, Ancient Rome) An elected official who was responsible for the maintenance of public buildings, regulation of festivals, supervision of markets and the supply of grain and water.

aedileship aedileships n
édilité
(historical) The office of an aedile.

aegipan /ˈiːdʒɪpan/ aegipanes aegipans n
ægipan égipan égypan
(Greek mythology) A goat-like creature resembling a satyr, sometimes portrayed as having a fish's tail.

aegis /ˈiːd͡ʒɪs/ aegides aegises n
égide
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A mythological shield associated with the Greek deities Zeus and Athena (and their Roman counterparts Jupiter and Minerva) shown as a short cloak made of goatskin worn on the shoulders, more as an emblem of power and protection than a military shield. The aegis of Athena or Minerva is usually shown with a border of snakes and with the head of Medusa in the center. [from early 17th c.]
(figuratively) Usually as under the aegis: guidance, protection; endorsement, sponsorship.

aegrotat /ˈiː.ɡɹəʊˌtæt/ /ˈʌɪ.ɡɹəʊˌtæt/ aegrotant aegrotats n
certificat médical
(British, dated) A certificate indicating that a student is ill, excusing attendance at lectures and examinations and allowing courses to be passed without finishing the work.

aeolian /iˈoʊ.li.ən/ /iˈoʊl.jən/ more aeolian most aeolian adj
éolien
of, or relating to the wind.
(geology) carried, deposited or eroded by the wind.

aeolian harp aeolian harps n
harpe d'Éole harpe à vent harpe éolienne harpe éolique éole-harpe éoli-harpe
(musical instrument) An open box over which strings are stretched that sound when the wind passes over them

aeolipile /ˈiː.əʊ.lɪ.pʌɪl/ aeolipiles n
éolipyle
A steam engine powered by rocket propulsion due to escaping steam, consisting of a pressure vessel mounted on a bearing, with one or more tubes which exhaust steam tangentially to the rotation axis so as to create rotation.

aerate /ˈɛːreɪt/ v
aérer
(transitive) To supply with oxygen or air.

aeration /ɛːˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ aerations n
aération
By extension, a process in which other gases (such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen or argon) are circulated through or mixed with a substance (usually liquid), sometimes with the consequence of increasing the transfer of air into the same liquid at the surface due to the induced circulation.

aeraulic adj
aéraulique

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ more aerial most aerial adj
aérien
Living or taking place in the air. [from 16th c.]

aerial /eɪˈɛəɹɪəl/ /eɪˈɪəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ aerials n
antenne
(chiefly, _, UK) A rod, wire, or other structure for receiving or transmitting radio, television signals etc.

aerial photography n
photographie aérienne
The activity or technique of photographing the earth's surface from an aircraft, rocket, etc.

aerial work platform aerial work platforms n
nacelle élévatrice
A mechanical device used to provide temporary access to areas at high levels.

aero- prefix
aéro-
air or aircraft

aerobatic more aerobatic most aerobatic adj
acrobaties aériennes voltige aérienne
Having to do with acrobatic maneuvers, such as spins, twirls, and flips, performed by an airplane.

aerobatics n
acrobatie aérienne voltige voltige aérienne
Spectacular stunts, performed in an airplane or glider. Examples include various types of rolls and loops.

aerobic /ɛəˈɹoʊ.bɪk/ /ɛəˈɹəʊ.bɪk/ adj
aérobique
Living or occurring only in the presence of oxygen e.g. aerobic bacteria.
Of or relating to aerobics.

aerobics /əˈɹoʊbɪks/ n
aérobic
A form of exercise, designed to enhance one's cardiovascular fitness, normally performed to music. [1968]

aerobiology n
aérobiologie
(biology) The study of the dispersion of airborne biological materials, as pollen, spores, microorganisms, or viruses.

aerobiosis aerobioses n
aérobiose
(biology) Any form of life that is sustained by the presence of air (or oxygen)

aerocellular adj
aérocellulaire
Composed of air cells

aerodrome aerodromes n
aérodrome
An airfield:

aerodynamicist aerodynamicists n
aérodynamicien
A person who studies aerodynamics.

aerodynamics n
aérodynamique
The science of the dynamics of bodies moving relative to gases, especially the interaction of moving objects with the atmosphere

aerodynamism n
aérodynamisme
The condition of having an aerodynamic shape

aerodyne aerodynes n
aérodyne
(aviation) A heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift from motion.

aeroelastic more aeroelastic most aeroelastic adj
aéroélastique
Of or pertaining to aeroelasticity

aeroelasticity aeroelasticities n
aéroélasticité
(physics, uncountable) The scientific study of the effect of aerodynamic loads on structures.

aerogel aerogels n
aérogel
A porous, ultralight solid-state substance, similar to gel, in which the liquid component is replaced with gas.

aerogram aerograms n
aérogramme
A thin piece of foldable and gummed paper for writing a letter and serving as its own envelope for transit via airmail.

aerography n
aérographie
A branch of surrealist art in which a three-dimensional object is used as a stencil.

aerokinesis n
aérokinésie

aerolite /ˈɛə.ɹə.laɪt/ aerolites n
aérolite aérolithe
A meteorite consisting of silicate minerals.

aerolithic adj
aérolithique
Relating to aeroliths

aerology /ɛəˈɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛɚˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ aerologies n
aérologie
The branch of meteorology involving the observation of the atmosphere by means of balloons, kites, rockets, drones, airplanes, etc.

aeromancer aeromancers n
aéromancien aéromancienne
A practitioner of aeromancy

aeromancy /ˈeə.ɹə.mæn.si/ n
aéromancie
Divination by use of atmospheric conditions.

aerometer aerometers n
aéromètre
An instrument used to measure the mass and density of gases.

aerometry n
aérométrie aërométrie
The science of measuring the air, including its pressure, density, quality, direction and condensation; pneumatics.

aeromodeller aeromodellers n
aéromodéliste
model aircraft maker

aeronaut /ˈɛəɹəˌnɔːt/ /ˈɛɹəˌnɑt/ /ˈɛɹəˌnɔt/ aeronauts n
aéronaute
A person who travels through the air in an airship or balloon.

aeronautic /ˌɛəɹəˈnɔːtɪk/ more aeronautic most aeronautic adj
aeronautique
Having to do with aerial navigation

aeronautics /ˌɛə.ɹəʊˈnɔː.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.tɪks/ /ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.tɪks/ [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɑ.ɾɪks] [ˌɛɚ.oʊˈnɔ.ɾɪks] n
aéronautique
The design, construction, mathematics and mechanics of aircraft and other flying objects

aeronaval adj
aéronaval
relating to both the navy and the air force
that moves both on sea and in the air

aeropalynology n
aéropalynologie
The study of pollen grains and spores (palynomorphs) in the atmosphere.

aerophane aerophanes n
aérophane
A thin fabric resembling crape

aerophone aerophones n
aérophone
Any musical instrument which produces sound primarily by causing a body of air to vibrate, without the use of strings or membranes, and without the vibration of the instrument itself adding considerably to the sound.

aeroscope aeroscopes n
aéroscope
A device used to collect dust particles, spores etc from the air for subsequent analysis.

aerosol /ˈɛə.ɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɑl/ /ˈɛɚ.əˌsɔl/ aerosols n
aérosol
A mixture of fine solid particles or liquid droplets suspended in a gaseous medium.

aerosol can aerosol cans n
bidon aérosol
A canister whose pressurized contents may be released as an aerosol when a button is pressed.

aerosol string n
aérosol à fil serpentin
Colored foam that streams out of a spray can, as a party favor; a ropey emission of this foam.

aerospace /ˈæ.ɹoʊ.ˌspeɪs/ more aerospace most aerospace adj
aérospatial
Of, or relating to the science, technology and industry associated with aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft.

aerospatial adj
aérospatial
Of or pertaining to aerospace.

aerostat aerostats n
aérostat
An aircraft, such as a dirigible or balloon, that derives its lift from buoyancy rather than from wings or rotors.

aerostatics n
aérostatique
(physics) the study of gases in equilibrium and of balloons or aircraft in varying atmospheric conditions

aerotaxis n
aérotaxie
(biology) Movement of an organism either towards or away from a region of higher oxygen content.

aerotechnic adj
aérotechnique

aerotechnics n
aérotechnique
aeronautics (aeronautic technology)

aerothermal adj
aérothermique

aerotrain aerotrains n
aérotrain
A train that is supported on a cushion of air, in the manner of a hovercraft.

aerotropism n
aérotropisme
(biology) The growth of an organism either towards, or away from a region of higher oxygen content.

aesthesia aesthesias n
esthésie
The ability to perceive sensations.

aesthete /ˈiːs.θiːt/ /ˈɛs.θiːt/ aesthetes n
esthète
(often, derogatory) Someone who cultivates an unusually high sensitivity to beauty, as in art or nature, often in a manner perceived to prioritize beauty over other qualities such as virtue and utility.

aesthetic /esˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ more aesthetic most aesthetic adj
esthétique
Concerned with beauty, artistic effect, or appearance.

aesthetic /esˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθet.ɪk/ /iːsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /əsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ɪsˈθɛtɪk/ aesthetics n
esthétique
That which appeals to the senses.

aesthetic surgeon aesthetic surgeons n
chirurgien esthéticien chirurgien esthétique chirurgienne esthéticienne chirurgienne esthétique
A surgeon who performs aesthetic surgery

aesthetically more aesthetically most aesthetically adv
esthétiquement
In an aesthetic manner; with a pleasing sensory effect.

aestheticism aestheticisms n
esthétisme
A doctrine which holds aesthetics or beauty as the highest ideal or most basic standard.

aesthetics /ɛsˈtɛt.ɪks/ /ɛsˈθɛt.ɪks/ aesthetics n
esthétique
The study or philosophy of beauty.

aestivation /ˌiːstɪˈveɪʃən/ aestivations n
estivation
(biology) A state of inactivity and metabolic depression during summer: the summer version of hibernation.

aetiology /i.tiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /iː.tɪˈɒ.lə.dʒi/ aetiologies n
étiologie
(medicine, uncountable) The study or investigation of the causes of disease; a scientific explanation for the origin of a disease.

aeviternity /ˌivəˈtɝnəti/ /ˌiːvɪˈtɜːnɪti/ [-ɾi] aeviternities n
éviternité
(Scholastic, _, philosophy) Synonym of aevum (“the temporal mode of existence between time and eternity, said to be experienced by angels, saints, and celestial bodies (which medieval astronomy believed to be unchanging)”)

affability affabilities n
affabilité liant
The state or quality of being affable, friendly, or approachable.

affable /ˈæf.ə.bəl/ more affable most affable adj
aimable affable
Receiving others kindly and conversing with them in a free and friendly manner; friendly, courteous, sociable.
doux
Mild; benign.

affair /əˈfɛə/ /əˈfɛɚ/ /əˈfɛɹ/ affairs n
aventure liaison
An adulterous relationship (from affaire de cœur, affair of the heart).
A person with whom someone has an adulterous relationship.

affect /əˈfɛkt/ v
affecter toucher
(transitive) To influence or alter.
feindre
(transitive) To make a show of; to put on a pretense of; to feign; to assume. To make a false display of. [from 16th c.]
affecter émouvoir
(transitive) To move to emotion.
affecter
(transitive, pathology) Of an illness or condition, to infect or harm (a part of the body).

affectation /ˌæf.ɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ affectations n
affectation
An attempt to assume or exhibit what is not natural or real; false display; artificial show.
An unusual mannerism.

affected /əˈfɛktɪd/ more affected most affected adj
affecté
Resulting from a mostly negative physical effect or transformation.

affectionate /əˈfɛkʃənət/ more affectionate most affectionate adj
affectueux
(of a person) Having affection or warm regard; loving; fond.

affectionately /əˈfɛkʃənətli/ more affectionately most affectionately adv
affectueusement
In an affectionate manner.

affective /əˈfɛktɪv/ more affective most affective adj
affectif

affective disorder affective disorders n
trouble de l'humeur
(psychology) Any of various disorders characterised by disturbance in an individual's mood.

afferent /ˈæ.fə.rənt/ /ˈæ.fɜː.ənt/ adj
afférent
Carrying towards.

affidavit /-ævɪt/ /ˌæfɪˈdeɪvɪt/ affidavits n
affidavit attestation sur l'honneur
(legal) A signed document wherein an affiant makes a sworn statement.

affine transformation affine transformations n
transformation affine
(geometry, linear algebra) A geometric transformation that preserves lines and parallelism, but in general not lengths or angles; (more formally) an automorphism of an affine space: a mapping of an affine space onto itself that preserves both the dimension of any affine subspace and the ratio of the lengths of any pair of parallel line segments.

affinity /əˈfɪnɪti/ affinities n
affinité
A natural attraction or feeling of kinship to a person or thing.
A family relationship through marriage of a relative (e.g. sister-in-law), as opposed to consanguinity (e.g. sister).
Any passionate love for something.
(chemistry) An attractive force between atoms, or groups of atoms, that contributes towards their forming bonds.
(medicine) The attraction between an antibody and an antigen

affinity card affinity cards n
carte affinitaire
(finance) A credit card made available by a bank or other lender to qualified people associated with a sponsoring organization (such as a club, educational institution, charity, or business), typically with provision for a portion of the lender's interest income to be paid to the sponsor and sometimes providing special benefits (such as reduced fees) for the users.

affirmation /æfɝˈmeɪʃn/ affirmations n
affirmation
That which is affirmed; a declaration that something is true.

affirmative /əˈfɜːmətɪv/ /əˈfɝmətɪv/ more affirmative most affirmative adj
affirmatif
pertaining to truth; asserting that something is; affirming
(algebra) positive; not negative

affirmative /əˈfɜːmətɪv/ /əˈfɝmətɪv/ affirmatives n
phrase affirmative
Yes; an answer that shows agreement or acceptance.
(grammar) An answer that shows agreement or acceptance.

affirmative action affirmative actions n
action positive discrimination positive
(uncountable) A set of policies or programs providing advantages for people of a group who are seen to have traditionally been the target of discrimination

affirmative sentence affirmative sentences n
phrase déclarative
(grammar) A sentence that affirms (rather than negates) a proposition.

affirmatively more affirmatively most affirmatively adv
affirmativement
In an affirming manner.

affix /əˈfɪks/ /ˈæf.ɪks/ affixes n
affixe
That which is affixed; an appendage.
(linguistic morphology, broadly) A bound morpheme added to a word’s stem; a prefix, suffix, etc.

affixation affixations n
affixation
(linguistics) The adding of an affix to a word.

affixoid affixoids n
affixoïde
(linguistics) A regular word that also works as an affix

afflicted /əˈflɪktɪd/ more afflicted most afflicted adj
accablé
Suffering from an affliction, or suffering from pain, distress or disability.

affliction /əˈflɪkʃən/ afflictions n
affliction détresse
A state of pain, suffering, distress or agony.
affliction
Something which causes pain, suffering, distress or agony.

afflictive more afflictive most afflictive adj
afflictif
That causes physical or mental pain.

affluence /ˈæf.lu.əns/ affluences n
opulence
An abundance of wealth.

affluent /æˈfluːənt/ /əˈfluːənt/ /ˈæf.lu.ənt/ /ˈæfluːənt/ more affluent most affluent adj
abondant
Abundant; copious; plenteous.
riche
(by extension) Abounding in goods or riches; having a moderate level of material wealth.
affluent
(dated) Tributary.

affluent /æˈfluːənt/ /əˈfluːənt/ /ˈæf.lu.ənt/ /ˈæfluːənt/ affluents n
richard
Somebody who is wealthy.

affogato /ˌæfəˈɡɑːtəʊ/ /ˌɑːfəˈɡɑːtəʊ/ affogati affogatos n
affogato
A drink or dessert (especially ice-cream) topped with espresso and sometimes a caramel or chocolate sauce

afford /əˈfo(ː)ɹd/ /əˈfoəd/ /əˈfoɹd/ /əˈfɔːd/ [əˈfo̞ɹd] v
permettre
To incur, stand, or bear without serious detriment, as an act which might under other circumstances be injurious; (usually, after an expression of ability, as could, able, difficult) to be able or rich enough.
offrir
(obsolete) To offer, provide, or supply, as in selling, granting or expending, with profit, or without too great a loss.

affordable /əˈfɔɹ.də.bəl/ /əˈfɔː(ɹ).də.bəl/ more affordable most affordable adj
abordable pas trop cher à un prix abordable
Able to be afforded; inexpensive or reasonably priced.

affordance affordances n
affordance potentialité
(human-machine interaction) A potential transaction or operation that is made possible by a given object or environment; especially, one that is made easily discoverable.

afforest /əˈfɒɹɪst/ /əˈfɔɹɪst/ v
boiser
(transitive) To make into forest

afforestation afforestations n
boisement
The act or process of creating a new forest where none had existed before, or reforestation of areas long deforested.

affreightment affreightments n
affrètement
(nautical) The act of hiring, or the contract for use of, a vessel, or some part of it, to convey cargo.

affricate /ˈæf.ɹə.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹə.kət/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.keɪt/ /ˈæf.ɹɪ.kət/ affricates n
affriquée
(phonetics) A sound produced using a combination of a plosive and a fricative.

affrication /æfɹɪˈkeɪʃən/ affrications n
affrication
(phonetics, uncountable, of a consonant) Becoming an affricate sound.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ affronts n
affront défi
An open or intentional offense, slight, or insult.
duel rencontre
(obsolete) A hostile encounter or meeting.

affront /əˈfɹʌnt/ v
défier envoyer un cartel jeter le gant
To insult intentionally, especially openly.
se confronter
To meet defiantly; to confront.
aller sur le pré rencontrer sur le terrain
(obsolete) To meet or encounter face to face.

afire /əˈfaɪɚ/ more afire most afire adj
ardent
On fire (often metaphorically).

afloat /əˈfloʊt/ adv
à flot
Floating in the air; flowing freely; not tied, braided, etc. (of hair or clothing)
Covered with water (bearing floating objects).

aflutter /əˈflʌt.ə/ /əˈflʌt.ɚ/ more aflutter most aflutter adj
tremblé
In a state of tremulous excitement, anticipation or confusion.

afoot /əˈfʊt/ adv
à pied
On foot. (means of locomotion, walking)
debout
On foot. (support of the body, standing)
en cours
(figurative) In motion; in action; astir; stirring; in progress.

afore- prefix
sus-
Previously.

afore-enumerated adj
sus-énuméré
Enumerated earlier in a document.

afore-explained adj
sus-expliqué
Explained earlier in a document.

aforedeclared adj
susdéclaré
Declared earlier in a document.

aforedescribed adj
susdécrit
(formal) Described earlier.

aforementioned /əˈfɔɹˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /əˈfɔːˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /ˈæfɚˌmɛn.ʃənd/ adj
susmentionné
Previously mentioned.

aforementioned /əˈfɔɹˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /əˈfɔːˌmɛn.ʃənd/ /ˈæfɚˌmɛn.ʃənd/ n
ledit suscité
(uncountable) The one or ones mentioned previously.

aforenamed adj
susnommé

aforenarrated adj
susnarré

aforerelated adj
susrelaté
Related earlier in a document.

aforereported adj
susrapporté
Reported earlier in a document.

aforesaid /əˈfɔɹsɛd/ adj
susdit
Previously stated; said or named before.

afraid /əˈfɹeɪd/ more afraid most afraid adj
effrayé
Impressed with fear or apprehension; in fear.

afro /ˈæf.ɹoʊ/ afros n
afro
hairstyle characterized by tightly curled locks and a rounded shape.

aft /æft/ further aft furthest aft more aft most aft adj
arrière
located at the back of a boat, ship, or airplane

aft /æft/ afts n
poupe
(nautical) The stern portion of a vessel.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ adv
après
Behind; later in time; following.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ conjunction
après que après de
Signifies that the action of the clause it starts takes place before the action of the other clause.

after /ˈaf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈæf.tɚ/ /ˈɑː.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ preposition
après puis
Subsequently to; following in time; later than.
derrière après
Behind.
d'après malgré malgré le fait que
In allusion to, in imitation of; following or referencing.
après derrière
Next in importance or rank.
à cause de
(Irish, Newfoundland, usually, preceded by a form of be, followed by an -ing form of a verb) Used to indicate recent completion of an activity

after all
après tout finalement
(idiomatic) anyway, in any case; indicates a statement is true regardless of other considerations; used to reinforce or explain a point.
après tout
(idiomatic) in the end, however; used in referring to something that was believed to be the case, but is not; or to an outcome that is not what was expected or predicted.

after dark
après la tombée de la nuit
After nightfall; at night.

after the fact /ˌæftɚ ðə ˈfækt/ /ˌɑːftə ðə ˈfækt/
après coup
Too late; after something is finished or final.

after us the deluge phraseologicalUnit
après nous le déluge
A nihilistic expression of indifference to whatever happens after one is gone.

after you phraseologicalUnit
après vous
A gesture, usually polite, urging another person to take a turn at something ahead of the speaker.

after-party /ˈæftɚˌpɑɹti/ /ˈɑːftəpɑːti/ after-parties n
after
A party that happens after an official, often public, party or event.

afterbirth /ˈæf.tɚ.bɚθ/ afterbirths n
arrière-faix délivrance
The placenta and other material expelled via the birth canal following childbirth or parturition in mammals.

aftercare /ˈæf.tə(ɹ).kɛə/ /ˈæf.tɚ.kɛɹ/ /ˈɑːf.tə(ɹ).kɛə/ n
postcure suivi
(medicine) The care given to a patient during recovery from an operation or after hospitalization.

aftercrop aftercrops n
arrière-foin regain seconde récolte
A second crop in the same year.

aftereffect /ˈæftəɹ.əˌfɛkt/ /ˈɑːftəɹ.ɪˌfɛkt/ aftereffects n
effet retardé
Any delayed effect; an effect which is not immediately manifested.

afterfeather afterfeathers n
hyporachis
(ornithology) The downy lower barbs of a feather.

aftergrass aftergrasses n
regain arrière-foin
The grass that grows after the first crop has been mown.

afterings /ˈæf.təɹ.ɪŋz/ n
lie

afterlife /ˈæftɚˌlaɪf/ /ˈɑːftəˌlaɪf/ afterlifes afterlives n
au-delà autre monde arrière-monde outre-tombe vie après la mort
A conscious existence after death.

aftermath /ˈæf.tə.ˌmæθ/ /ˈæf.tɚ.ˌmæθ/ /ˈɑːf.tə.ˌmɑːθ/ aftermaths n
regain
(obsolete, agriculture) A second mowing; the grass which grows after the first crop of hay in the same season.
contrecoup dégâts impact séquelles
That which happens after, that which follows, usually of strongly negative connotation in most contexts, implying a preceding catastrophe.

afternoon /af.təɾˈnʉːn/ /ˌæf.tɚ.ˈnun/ /ˌɑːf.tə.ˈnuːn/ afternoons n
après-midi
The part of the day from noon or lunchtime until sunset, evening, or suppertime or 6pm.

afternoon tea afternoon teas n
collation
(UK) A formal afternoon meal comprising light snacks, accompanied by tea.
goûter
(Australia, NZ, Hong Kong) A small meal or snack eaten between lunch and dinner (supper); a period of time set aside for this purpose, taken as a break from work or from a conference.

aftershaft aftershafts n
hypotile
(ornithology) An accessory plume arising from the posterior of the contour feathers of many birds.

aftershave aftershaves n
après-rasage
a lotion, gel, or liquid used after finishing shaving

aftershock aftershocks n
réplique
An earthquake that follows in the same vicinity as another, usually larger, earthquake (the "mainshock").

aftertaste aftertastes n
arrière-goût
The persistence of the taste of something no longer present.

afterwards /ˈæf.tɚ.wɚdz/ /ˈɑːftə.wədz/ adv
après ensuite après coup par la suite ultérieurement
(temporal location) At a later or succeeding time.

afterword afterwords n
postface
an epilogue.

again /əˈɡeɪn/ /əˈɡɛn/ [əˈɡɪn] adv
déjà de nouveau
Tell me again, say again; used in asking a question to which one may have already received an answer that one cannot remember.
encore de nouveau à nouveau
Used metalinguistically, with the repetition being in the discussion, or in the linguistic or pragmatic context of the discussion, rather than in the subject of discussion. [from 16thc.]

again and again adv
encore et encore
Repeatedly.

against /əˈɡeɪnst/ /əˈɡɛnst/ [əˈɡeə̯nst] [əˈɡɛːnst] preposition
contre
In a contrary direction to.
In physical opposition to; in collision with.
Close to, alongside.
In front of; before (a background).
(Hollywood) To be paid now in contrast to the following amount to be paid later under specified circumstances, usually that a movie is made or has started filming.
face à contre
As protection from.
pour
In anticipation of; in preparation for (a particular time, event etc.).

against all odds
contre tout pronostic contre toute attente contre vents et marées
(idiomatic) Despite seemingly insurmountable opposition or probability.

against someone's will adv
contre son gré
Due to being forced rather than by choice.

against the clock
contre la montre
(idiomatic) In a time-restricted manner, to meet a deadline, hurriedly, timed.

against the grain /əˈɡɛnst ðə ɡɹeɪn/
à contre-fil
(woodworking, of sanding or planing a piece of wood) Preventing a smooth, level surface from being formed by raising the nap of the wood or causing larger splinters to form ahead of the cutting tool below the cutting surface.
à contre-courant
(idiomatic) Contrary to what is expected; especially, of behavior different from what society expects.
à contre-cœur à son corps défendant
(idiomatic) Unwillingly, reluctantly; contrary to one's nature.

agalactia agalactias n
agalactie
(disease) The failure of a mother (human or otherwise) to produce sufficient milk following birth.

agalmatophilia n
agalmatophilie
A paraphilia characterised by sexual attraction to a statue, doll, mannequin, or similar object.

agape /əˈɡeɪp/ more agape most agape adj
bouche bée
In a state of astonishment, wonder, expectation, or eager attention; as with mouth hanging open.

agariciform adj
agariciforme

agarwood agarwoods n
agalloche bois d'aigle calamba gaharu
Heartwood from trees of genus Aquilaria, especially Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. A. agallocha), infected with mold (Phialophora parasitica), which produce an aromatic resin in response to this infestation.

agate /ˈæɡ.ət/ /ˈæɡ.ɪt/ agates n
agate
(countable, uncountable, mineral) A semitransparent, uncrystallized silicate mineral and semiprecious stone, presenting various tints in the same specimen, with colors delicately arranged and often curved in parallel alternating dark and light stripes or bands, or blended in clouds; various authorities call it a variety of chalcedony, a variety of quartz, or a combination of the two.
(slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.

agate glass n
verre agate

agathodaemon agathodaemons n
agathodémon
A benevolent spirit, as opposed to a cacodemon (an evil daemon).

agathology n
agathologie
The science or theory of the good.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ ages n
âge époque
(countable) A particular period of time in history, as distinguished from others.
génération
(countable) A generation.
époque ère
(countable, poker) The right of the player to the left of the dealer to pass the first round in betting, and then to come in last or stay out; also, the player holding this position; the eldest hand.
âge
(uncountable) That part of the duration of a being or a thing which is between its beginning and any given time; specifically the size of that part.
(uncountable) An advanced period of life; the latter part of life; the state of being old, old age, senility; seniority.

age /eɪd͡ʒ/ v
vieillir
(intransitive) To grow aged; to become old; to show marks of age.
(transitive) To cause to grow old; to impart the characteristics of age to.

age group age groups n
groupe d'âge tranche d'âge
A demographic grouping based on age.

age of consent ages of consent n
majorité sexuelle
(legal) The age at which a person is legally considered to be mature enough to engage willingly in sexual intercourse, so that it is not a crime for someone else to have sex with the person.

age of majority ages of majority n
majorité civile majorité légale
(legal) The age at which the rights and privileges of an adult are legally granted or recognized; i.e.; the age where a person ceases to be a minor legally and becomes a legal adult.

age of reason ages of reason n
âge de raison
(Roman Catholicism) Seven years of age, at which age a person is morally liable for the sins that he or she commits.
(by extension) Age at which a person is able to distinguish right from wrong and make their own decisions.

ageism /ˈeɪd͡ʒ.ɪz.əm̩/ /ˈeɪd͡ʒ.ɪzm̩/ ageisms n
âgisme
The treating of a person or people, especially youth or seniors, differently from others based on assumptions, prejudices or/and stereotypes relating to their age.

ageless more ageless most ageless adj
éternel
(relative to past) Having existed for so great a period of time that its longevity cannot be expressed.

agency /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒən.si/ agencies n
capacité d'agir
The capacity, condition, or state of acting or of exerting power.
agentivité
(sociology, philosophy, psychology) The capacity of individuals to act independently and to make their own free choices.
agence
The office or function of an agent; also, the relationship between a principal and that person's agent.
agence action organisme
An establishment engaged in doing business for another; also, the place of business or the district of such an agency.

agenda /əˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ agendae agendas n
planning agenda
A temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to.
ordre du jour agenda
A list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting).
agenda
A notebook used to organize and maintain such plans or lists, an agenda book, an agenda planner.

agender adj
agenre
Without an associated gender (in any sense); not having a particular gender.

agent /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒɛnt/ agents n
agent
One who exerts power, or has the power to act
One who acts for, or in the place of, another (the principal), by that person's authority; someone entrusted to do the business of another
An active power or cause or substance; something (e.g. biological, chemical, thermal, etc.) that has the power to produce an effect
(computing) In the client-server model, the part of the system that performs information preparation and exchange on behalf of a client or server. Especially in the phrase “intelligent agent” it implies some kind of autonomous process which can communicate with other agents to perform some collective task on behalf of one or more humans.
agent espion
Someone who works for an intelligence agency
complément d'agent
(grammar) The participant of a situation that carries out the action in this situation, e.g. "the boy" in the sentences "The boy kicked the ball" and "The ball was kicked by the boy".

agent general /ˌeɪdʒənt ˈdʒɛn(ə)ɹəl/ agents general n
agent général
(now, _, rare) Someone acting as the representative of an organisation, country etc. [from 17th c.]

agent noun agent nouns n
nom d'agent
(grammar) A noun that denotes an agent that performs the action denoted by the verb from which the noun is derived, such as "rider" derived from "to ride", or "cutter" derived from "to cut".

agent provocateur /ˈeɪ.dʒənt ˌpɹəʊ.vɒk.æ.tʊə(ɹ)/ agents provocateurs n
agent provocateur
A person who secretly disrupts a group's activities from within the group, particularly by encouraging or committing illegal acts to discredit the group or expose them to prosecution; an instigator, troublemaker.

agential more agential most agential adj
agentiel
Of or pertaining to an agent or an agency.

agentic /eɪˈd͡ʒɛn.tɪk/ /əˈd͡ʒɛn.tɪk/ more agentic most agentic adj
en mode mission
(psychology, by extension, of a psychological state of a person) That obeys authority (introduced in Milgram's theory).

agentive adj
agentif
(grammar) Indicating an agent or agency (as -er in lexicographer).

agentive agentives n
agentif
(linguistics) A word having an agentive construction.

ageplay /eɪd͡ʒ pleɪ/ n
jeu de régression
(sexuality) A form of roleplay in which the player deliberately acts an age different from their own (and usually younger).

ageusia /æˈɡjuːzɪə/ /əˈɡjuːzɪə/ ageusias n
agueusie
Absence of the sense of taste.
Partial or complete loss of the sense of taste.

agflation /æɡˈfleɪʃən/ n
agflation

aggiornamento /əˌdʒɔːnəˈmɛntəʊ/ /əˌd͡ʒɔɹnəˈmɛntoʊ/ aggiornamentos n
aggiornamento
A bringing up to date, especially of the Roman Catholic Church by the Second Vatican Council of 1962-65; modernization.

agglomeration agglomerations n
agglomération
The act or process of collecting in a mass; a heaping together.
State of being collected in a mass; a mass; cluster.
(geography) An extended city area comprising the built-up area of a central city and any suburbs linked by continuous urban area.

agglutination agglutinations n
agglutination
The act of uniting by glue or other tenacious substance; the state of being thus united; adhesion of parts.

agglutinative /əˈɡluːtɪnətɪv/ more agglutinative most agglutinative adj
agglutinant
Sticky, tacky, adhesive.
(grammar) Having words derived by combining parts, each with a separate meaning.

agglutinatory more agglutinatory most agglutinatory adj
agglutinateur

agglutinous adj
agglutineux

aggrandizement aggrandizements n
agrandissement
The act of aggrandizing, or the state of being aggrandized or exalted in power, rank, honor, or wealth; exaltation; enlargement.

aggravating circumstance aggravating circumstances n
circonstance aggravante
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) A factor that increases the culpability or deleterious consequences of a wrongful act.

aggravation /ˌæɡɹəˈveɪʃən/ aggravations n
circonstances aggravantes
An extrinsic circumstance or accident which increases the guilt of a crime or the misery of a calamity.

aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/ aggregates n
agrégat
A mass, assemblage, or sum of particulars; something consisting of elements but considered as a whole.
A mass formed by the union of homogeneous particles; – in distinction from a compound, formed by the union of heterogeneous particles.
A mechanical mixture of more than one phase.
granulats
Solid particles of low aspect ratio added to a composite material, as distinguished from the matrix and any fibers or reinforcements; especially the gravel and sand added to concrete.
skandha
(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being.

aggregate /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌɡeɪt/ v
agréger
(transitive) To bring together; to collect into a mass or sum.
(archaic, transitive) To add or unite (e.g. a person), to an association.

aggregate fruit aggregate fruits n
fruit aggloméré fruit agrégé
(botany) A fruit that develops from the fusion of more than one carpel within a single flower, as for instance, a raspberry.

aggregation /æɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ aggregations n
aggrégation agrégation
The act of collecting together, of aggregating.
The state of being collected into a mass, assemblage, or (aggregated) sum.
agrégation aggrégation ar
A collection of particulars; an aggregate.
agrégation
(object-oriented programming) Kind of object composition which does not imply ownership.

aggregator aggregators n
agrégateur
(internet) An online feed reader used to keep track of updates to blogs, etc.

aggression /əˈɡɹɛʃən/ aggressions n
agression
The act of initiating hostilities or invasion.
The practice or habit of launching attacks.
Hostile or destructive behavior or actions.

aggressive /əˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ more aggressive most aggressive adj
agressif
Characterized by aggression; unjustly attacking; prone to behave in a way that involves attacking or arguing.

aggressively more aggressively most aggressively adv
agressivement
In an aggressive manner.

aggressiveness aggressivenesses n
agressivité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being aggressive.

aggressor aggressors n
agresseur agresseuse
The person or country that first attacks or makes an aggression; that begins hostility or a quarrel; an assailant.

agha /ɑːˈɡɑː/ /ˈɑːɡə/ aghas n
agha aga
An honorific for high officials used in Turkey and certain Muslim countries.

aghast /əˈɡæst/ /əˈɡɑːst/ more aghast most aghast adj
affolé effaré effrayé paniqué pantois stupéfait
Terrified; struck with amazement; showing signs of terror or horror.

agile /ˈæd͡ʒ.aɪl/ /ˈæd͡ʒ.əl/ agiler agilest more agile most agile adj
agile
Having the faculty of quick motion in the limbs; apt or ready to move.

agile gibbon agile gibbons n
gibbon agile
Hylobates agilis, a primate in the Hylobatidae or gibbon family

agility /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ti/ /əˈd͡ʒɪl.ɪ.ti/ [əˈd͡ʒɪl.ə.ɾi] agilities n
agilité
(uncountable) The quality of being agile; the power of moving the limbs quickly and easily; quickness of motion

aging /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ more aging most aging adj
vieillissant
Becoming elderly.

aging /ˈeɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ agings n
vieillissement
The process of becoming older or more mature.
sénescence
The deliberate process of making something (such as an antique) appear (or, in science fiction, become) older than it is.

agio /ˈæ.d͡ʒiˌoʊ/ /ˈæ.d͡ʒoʊ/ /ˈɑː.d͡ʒoʊ/ agios n
agio
(economics, finance) The premium or percentage on a better sort of money when it is given in exchange for an inferior sort. The premium or discount on foreign bills of exchange is sometimes called agio.

agitation /ad͡ʒɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /æ.d͡ʒɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ agitations n
agitation
The act of agitating, or the state of being agitated; the state of being disrupted with violence, or with irregular action; commotion.

agitator agitators n
agitateur agitatrice
One who agitates; one who stirs up or excites others, for example political reformers.
agitateur
An implement for shaking or mixing.

agitprop /-ˈpɹɑp/ /ˈædʒɪtpɹɒp/ /ˈæd͡ʒətˌpɹɑp/ agitprops n
agitprop
(uncountable, also, attributively) Political propaganda disseminated through art, drama, literature, etc., especially communist propaganda; (specifically, communism, historical) such propaganda formerly disseminated by the Department for Agitation and Propaganda of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

aglossal adj
aglosse
Having no tongue.

aglycone aglycones n
aglycone
(organic chemistry) The non-sugar fragment of a glycoside.

agnate /ˈæɡneɪt/ agnates n
agnat
A relative whose relation is traced only through male members of the family.

agnathia /æɡˈneɪ.θi.ə/ n
agnathie
(pathology) A birth defect in which the mandible is missing.

agnatic /æɡˈnætɪk/ more agnatic most agnatic adj
agnatique
of the male bloodline; patrilineal

agnation agnations n
agnation
consanguinity by a line of males only, as distinguished from cognation

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ more agnostic most agnostic adj
agnostique
Of or relating to agnosticism or its adherents.

agnostic /aɡˈnɒstɪk/ /æɡˈnɑstɪk/ /æɡˈnɔstɪk/ agnostics n
agnostique
A person who holds to a form of agnosticism, especially uncertainty of the existence of a deity.

agnosticism /æɡˈnɑstɪsɪzəm/ /æɡˈnɒstɪsɪzəm/ agnosticisms n
agnosticisme
The view that the existence of God or of all deities is unknown, unknowable, unproven, or unprovable.

agnotology n
agnotologie
The study of culturally-induced ignorance or doubt, particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data.

ago /əˈɡoʊ/ /əˈɡəʊ/ postposition
il y a
Before now.

agog /əˈɡɑɡ/ /əˈɡɒɡ/ more agog most agog adj
écarquillé
(chiefly, of eyes) Wide open.

agog /əˈɡɑɡ/ /əˈɡɒɡ/ more agog most agog adv
impatiemment
In a state of high anticipation, excitement, or interest.

agon /ˈæ.ɡoʊn/ /ˈæ.ɡəʊn/ agones agons n
agôn

agonistic /aɡəˈnɪstɪk/ more agonistic most agonistic adj
agonistique
(zoology, anthropology) Characterised by conflict or hostility.

agonizing /ˈæɡ.ə.naɪ.zɪŋ/ more agonizing most agonizing adj
agonisant
Causing physical or mental agony.

agonothetes agonothetai n
agonothète
(historical) An officer who presided over the great public games in Ancient Greece.

agony /ˈæ.ɡə.niː/ agonies n
agonie angoisse
Extreme pain.
agonie
Violent contest or striving.
The last struggle of life; death struggle.

agoraphobe agoraphobes n
agoraphobe
Someone who suffers from agoraphobia.

agoraphobia /əˌɡɔɹ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /əˌɡɔː.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ə.ɹəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌæɡ.ɚ.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ agoraphobias n
agoraphobie
The fear of wide open spaces, crowds, or uncontrolled social conditions.

agoraphobic more agoraphobic most agoraphobic adj
agoraphobe
Of, pertaining to or suffering from agoraphobia.

agorism /ˈæ.ɡəˌɹɪzm̩/ n
agorisme
(politics, economics) A revolutionary political philosophy that advocates the creation of a voluntaryist society by means of counter-economics (i.e. black market).

agouti /əˈɡuːti/ agoutis n
agouti
A rodent similar in appearance to a guinea pig but having longer legs, of the genus Dasyprocta.

agrammatism agrammatisms n
agrammatisme
The inability to form sentences by virtue of a brain disorder.

agrarian /əˈɡɹɛ(ə)ɹi.ən/ more agrarian most agrarian adj
agraire
Of, or relating to, the ownership, tenure and cultivation of land.

agrarianism agrarianisms n
agrarisme
A social and political philosophy that advocates an equitable distribution of land.

agrarianly more agrarianly most agrarianly adv
agrairement

agree /əˈɡɹi/ /əˈɡɹiː/ v
être d'accord consentir
(intransitive) To be in harmony about an opinion, statement, or action; to have a consistent idea between two or more people.
concorder
(intransitive) To resemble; to coincide; to correspond.
accorder
(intransitive, grammar) To correspond to (another word) in a grammatical category, such as gender, number, case, or person.

agreeable /əˈɡɹiːəbl/ more agreeable most agreeable adj
agréable
Pleasant to the senses or the mind.
complaisant
Agreeing or suitable; followed by to, or rarely by with.

agreeableness agreeablenesses n
agréabilité
(psychology) A personality trait characterized by the adjectives kind, sympathetic, cooperative, warm and considerate.

agreeably /əˈɡɹiːəbli/ more agreeably most agreeably adv
agréablement
In an agreeable or pleasing manner

agreed /əˈɡɹid/ /əˈɡɹiːd/ interjection
d'accord
Indicates agreement on the part of the speaker.

agreement /əˈɡɹiːmənt/ agreements n
accord entente pacte
(countable) An understanding between entities to follow a specific course of conduct.
accord
(uncountable) A state whereby several parties share a view or opinion; the state of not contradicting one another.
(uncountable, linguistics, grammar) Rules that exist in many languages that force some parts of a sentence to be used or inflected differently depending on certain attributes of other parts.
(obsolete, chiefly, _, in the plural) An agreeable quality.
accord contrat pacte
(uncountable, legal) A legally binding contract enforceable in a court of law.

agreement in principle agreements in principle n
accord de principe
(idiomatic, legal) A legally enforceable, but incompletely specified, agreement between parties that identifies the fundamental terms that are intended to be or are agreed upon.

agribusiness /-nɪs/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌbɪznəs/ agribusinesses n
agro-industrie
(uncountable) Business (especially big business) connected to agriculture, either owning or operating large-scale farms, or catering to those who do. [from 1950s]

agricultural /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌltjʊəɹəl/ /ˌæɡɹɪˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more agricultural most agricultural adj
agricole
Of or pertaining to agriculture

agriculturalism n
agrarianisme agrarisme
Any ideology that promotes agriculture.

agriculture /ˈeɪɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌltʃə/ /ˈæɡɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ agricultures n
agriculture
The art or science of cultivating the ground, including the harvesting of crops, and the rearing and management of livestock

agriculturist agriculturists n
agriculteur
One who practices agriculture, a farmer, a gardener.

agrimi agrimis n
chèvre sauvage crétoise kri-kri
A type of goat with long horns that curl back, native to Crete, subspecies Capra hircus cretica, sometimes Capra aegagrus cretica et al.

agrimony /ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.mən.i/ /ˈæɡ.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ agrimonies n
aigremoine
Any of several perennial herbaceous plants, of the genus Agrimonia, that have spikes of yellow flowers.

agrisystem agrisystems n
agro-système agrosystème
An agricultural system.

agritourism n
agritourisme
A form of tourism in which tourists stay in farms or agricultural villages, either to experience farm life, or as a base for exploring the countryside

agrivoltaic adj
agrivoltaïque

agro- prefix
agro-
agriculture

agro-environmental adj
agroenvironnemental

agrobiology n
agrobiologie
The science of plant life and nutrition.

agrochemical adj
agrochimique
Relating to agrochemistry.

agrochemistry n
agrochimie
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry related to agriculture.

agroecological adj
agroécologique
Of or pertaining to agroecology.

agroecology agroecologies n
agroécologie
The agricultural ecology

agroeconomic adj
agroéconomique
Of, or relating to the economics of agriculture.

agroecosystem agroecosystems n
agroécosystème
A conceptual model of an agricultural system (crop, farm or whole economy), relating its functions to its inputs and outputs.

agroforester agroforesters n
agroforestier
One who takes part in agroforestry

agroforestry agroforestries n
agroforesterie
An agricultural approach of using the interactive benefits from combining trees and shrubs with crops and/or livestock.

agrology /əˈɡɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /əˈɡɹɒlədʒi/ n
agrologie
(rare) A subdiscipline of agronomy (the science of utilizing animals, plants, and soils) and of soil science which addresses the influence of edaphic (soil-related) conditions on crop production for optimizing it. [from mid 19th c.]

agronomic adj
agronomique
Of or pertaining to agronomy.

agronomist /əˈɡɹɑːnəmɪst/ /əˈɡɹɒnəmɪst/ agronomists n
agronome
A scientist whose speciality is agronomy.

agronomy /əˈɡɹɑːnəmi/ /əˈɡɹɒnəmi/ agronomies n
agronomie
The science of utilizing plants, animals and soils for food, fuel, feed, and fiber and more. To do this effectively and sustainably, agronomy encompasses work in the areas of plant genetics, plant physiology, meteorology, animal sciences and soil science.

agrostology n
agrostologie
The scientific study of grasses.

ague /ˈeɪ.ɡju/ agues n
fièvre
(pathology) An intermittent fever, attended by alternate cold and hot fits.

ah /ɑː/ interjection
ah
An expression of relief, relaxation, comfort, confusion, understanding, wonder, awe, etc. according to uttered inflection.

aha /ɑːhɑː/ [ɑˈhɑ] [əˈhɑ] interjection
aha tiens donc
An exclamation of understanding, realization, invention, or recognition.

aha moment aha moments n
illumination
(idiomatic) The moment or instant at which the solution to a problem, or some other significant realization, becomes clear.

ahead /əˈhɛd/ adv
devant
At or towards the front; in the direction one is facing or moving.

ahead of one's time
en avance sur son temps
(idiomatic) In advance of concurrent commonly accepted ideas; showing characteristics of changes yet to be; present in one's work before later advances in the field.

ahead of time
à l'avance
prior to the expected time; early.

ahistorical /ˌeɪhɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/ more ahistorical most ahistorical adj
anhistorique
Lacking historical perspective or context.

ahoy /əˈhɔɪ/ interjection
ohé
(nautical) Used to hail a ship, a boat or a person, or to attract attention.

aid /eɪd/ aids n
aide
(uncountable) Help; assistance; succor, relief.
(countable) Something which helps; a material source of help.
(countable, British) An historical subsidy granted to the crown by Parliament for an extraordinary purpose, such as a war effort.

aid /eɪd/ v
aider
(transitive) To provide support to; to further the progress of; to help; to assist.

aid climbing n
escalade artificielle
(climbing) a type of rock climbing characterized by using equipment to make upward progress, as opposed to using the equipment solely for safety or for belays.

aid worker aid workers n
bénévole

aide-de-camp /ˌeɪd dɪ ˈkæmp/ /ˌeɪd dɪ ˈkɒmp/ aides-de-camp n
adjudant aide de camp
A military officer who serves as an adjutant to a higher-ranking officer, prince or other high political dignitary.

aiglet /ˈeɪ.ɡlɛt/ aiglets n
ferret aglet aiglet
A tip, originally of metal and often decorative, on a ribbon or cord that makes lacing two parts of a garment or garments together easier, as in corset lacings, "points" (lacing hose or trousers to jacket or doublet) or sleeves to a bodice.

aikido /aɪˈkiːdəʊ/ aikidos n
aïkido
(uncountable) A Japanese martial art developed from jujitsu and making use of holds and throws.

ail /eɪl/ v
faillir manquer
(transitive) To cause to suffer; to trouble, afflict. (Now chiefly in interrogative or indefinite constructions.)
faillir manquer souffrir être malade
(intransitive) To be ill; to suffer; to be troubled.

aileron /ˈeɪlərɒn/ ailerons n
aileron
The hinged part on the trailing edge of an airplane wing, used to control longitudinal turns.

ailette /eɪˈlɛt/ ailettes n
ailette
(historical) A small square piece of armour, normally made of boiled leather, worn on the shoulders of knights.

ailing /ˈeɪ.lɪŋ/ more ailing most ailing adj
malade malsain
Sickly; sick; ill; unwell.

ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ ailments n
maladie
Something which ails one; a disease; sickness.

ailuro- /aɪˈljʊəɹə-/ /aɪˈlʊɹə-/ /eɪˈlʊɹə-/ /ˌaɪljʊəɹə-/ prefix
ailouro- ailuro-
Cat.

ailurophile /aɪˈljʊəɹəˌfaɪl/ /aɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/ /eɪˈlʊɹəˌfaɪl/ ailurophiles n
ailourophile ailurophile
A person with ailurophilia; a cat-lover.

ailurophobe /aɪˈljʊəɹəˌfəʊb/ /aɪˈlʊɹəˌfoʊb/ /eɪˈlʊɹəˌfoʊb/ ailurophobes n
ailurophobe

ailurophobia /aɪˌlʊɹəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /eɪˌlʊɹəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˌaɪljʊəɹəˈfəʊbɪ.ə/ ailurophobias n
ailurophobie ailourophobie galéphobie
An irrational fear or hatred of cats or other felines.

aim /eɪm/ aims n
viser
The pointing of a weapon, as a gun, a dart, or an arrow, or object, in the line of direction with the object intended to be struck; the line of fire; the direction of anything, such as a spear, a blow, a discourse, a remark, towards a particular point or object, with a view to strike or affect it.
but objectif ambition cible
The point intended to be hit, or object intended to be attained or affected.
but objectif ambition
Intention or goal

aim /eɪm/ v
viser cibler
(intransitive) To direct the intention or purpose; to attempt the accomplishment of a purpose; to try to gain; to endeavor;—followed by at, or by an infinitive
viser
(transitive) To direct or point (e.g. a weapon), at a particular object; to direct, as a missile, an act, or a proceeding, at, to, or against an object

aim high v
viser haut
(figuratively) To set very ambitious goals for oneself.

aimlessly /ˈeɪmləsli/ more aimlessly most aimlessly adv
au hasard sans but
Without an aim, purpose or direction; in an aimless manner.

aioli /(ˌ)aɪˈoʊli/ /(ˌ)eɪˈoʊ-/ /aɪˈəʊlɪ/ aiolis n
aïoli
A type of sauce, similar to mayonnaise, made from garlic, egg, lemon juice and olive oil.

air /eə̯/ /eː/ /ɛə̯/ /ɛɚ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ [ɪə̯~eə̯] airs n
air
(historical, philosophy, alchemy) understood as one of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
(usually, with the) The apparently open space above the ground which this substance fills, (historical) formerly thought to be limited by the firmament but (meteorology) now considered to be surrounded by the near vacuum of outer space.
aria air
(music) A song, especially a solo; an aria.

air /eə̯/ /eː/ /ɛə̯/ /ɛɚ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ [ɪə̯~eə̯] v
aérer
(transitive) To bring (something) into contact with the air, so as to freshen or dry it.
mettre à l'antenne ventiler éventer
(transitive) To give voice to, to make public (an opinion etc.).

air base air bases n
base aérienne
(military) A military airport, providing housing and support for aircraft and personnel.

air bed air beds n
matelas pneumatique
A bed that is inflated with air and used as a permanent or temporary bed. They are adjustable, and sometimes portable.

air compressor air compressors n
compresseur d'air
A machine for generating compressed air, typically for use by air-powered tools or paint sprayers.

air conditioner air conditioners n
climatiseur
A machine that is used to control temperature and humidity in an enclosed space.

air conditioning n
climatisation
The state of temperature and humidity produced by an air conditioner.
climatiseur climatisation
An air conditioner or system of air conditioners.

air cushion air cushions n
coussin d'air
A layer of trapped air that supports a hovercraft.
amortisseur
A shock absorber that uses an air chamber.
coussin gonflable
A rubber or plastic inflatable cushion.

air force /ˈɛə(ɹ) ˌfɔː(ɹ)s/ air forces n
armée de l'air forces aériennes
A branch of the military mainly devoted to air warfare, as opposed to (land) army and (sea) navy.

air freshener air fresheners n
désodorisant
Any of many forms of device containing substances that neutralize or mask unpleasant odours.

air fryer air fryers n
friteuse à air friteuse à air chaud friteuse à convection
A small countertop convection oven.

air gun /ˈeə(ɹ).ɡʌn/ /ˈɛɹ.ɡə/ air guns n
pistolet à air pistolet à air comprimé
A gun that propels a projectile by compressed air.

air hockey n
air hockey

air kiss air kisses n
bisou volant
A social gesture in which the lips are pursed as if kissing, but without actual contact.

air mass /ɛəɹ mæs/ /ɛːɹ mæs/ /ˈɛː mas/ air masses n
masse d'air
(meteorology) A particular volume of air, especially one having a roughly uniform temperature, pressure and water vapour content. [from 19th c.]

air one's dirty laundry in public v
laver son linge sale en public

air out v
aérer crever l'abcès
(idiomatic) To expose to air; to leave open or spread out, as to allow odor or moisture to dissipate.
crever l'abcès
(by extension) To discuss in the open; to address an issue or conflict that has long been avoided.

air pistol air pistols n
pistolet à air comprimé pistolet à l'air
A pistol that propels a pellet or other projectile by using compressed gas, rather than an explosion of gunpowder or other means.

air pocket air pockets n
trou d'air
A local region of low atmospheric pressure, or a local downward current; especially one that causes an aircraft to lose height suddenly.

air pollution n
pollution atmosphérique
The contamination of the atmosphere by noxious gases and particulates.

air purifier air purifiers n
purificateur d'air
A device used to remove contaminants from the air.

air quote air quotes n
guillemets ironiques
A typically two-handed gesture resembling quotation marks.

air raid air raids n
raid aérien
An attack on a surface target by aircraft.

air resistance air resistances n
résistance de l'air
(physics) The action of friction that slows something moving through air; drag.

air show air shows n
meeting aérien spectacle aérien
a public display of stunt flying, aerobatics, and historical aircraft.

air strike air strikes n
attaque aérienne
(military) An attack on a ground or naval target by one or more aircraft or missiles.

air superiority air superiorities n
supériorité aérienne
(warfare) A dominance in the air power of one side's air forces over the other side's during a military campaign. It is defined in the NATO Glossary as "That degree of dominance in the air battle of one force over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea, and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing force."

air supremacy n
supériorité aérienne
In a war, the most favorable state of control of the air: air superiority so complete that the opposing air force is incapable of effective interference.

air tanker air tankers n
avion-citerne avitailleur
An aircraft used to deliver liquids (or powders) from the air, usually either fuel, fire-retardants, or water.

air ticket air tickets n
billet [[d']]avion
A document issued at time of payment for an airfare, entitling the holder to travel.

air traffic control n
contrôle du trafic aérien contrôle de la circulation aérienne
A system designed to give assistance to aircraft, to prevent collisions and to manage aircraft flow.

air traffic controller air traffic controllers n
contrôleur aérien contrôleur du trafic aérien aiguilleur du ciel
A person who operates an air traffic control system, to expedite the safe flow of aircraft.

air transport n
transport aérien
The transport of people and/or cargo by air

air-condition v
climatiser
To mechanically cool a space or an entire structure.

air-dry adj
sec à l'aire
Free of moisture to the degree possible by exposure to air (moisture contents of the object and air are in equilibrium); "naturally" dried.

air-raid shelter air-raid shelters n
abri anti-aérien
A structure, often a reinforced underground shelter designed to give protection against air raids.

air-to-air adj
air-air
(aviation, military, of a missile) Fired from an aircraft in flight at another one.

air-to-surface adj
air-sol
(of a missile) fired from an aircraft at a target on land or water

airbag airbags n
airbag coussin gonflable de sécurité coussin gonflable
(automotive) A protective system in automobiles in which when a crash occurs, a bag containing nitrogen, formed by the explosive decomposition of sodium azide, quickly inflates in front of the driver or passenger, preventing injury to the head. Side air bags, including the back seat passengers, also prevent injury.

airborne adj
aéroporté transporté par [[l']]air
In or carried by the air.
en vol
In flight.

airbridge airbridges n
pont aérien
The route and aircraft used to deliver material by an airlift.

airbrush airbrushes n
aérographe
A miniature, handheld paint sprayer, powered by compressed air or other gas, used for delicate, artistic painting, or sometimes retouching of photographs.

aircraft /ˈɛə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛəɹ.kɹæft/ /ˈɛː.kɹɑːft/ /ˈɛːɹ.kɹæft/ aircraft n
aéronef
A vehicle capable of atmospheric flight due to interaction with the air, such as buoyancy or lift

aircraft carrier aircraft carriers n
porte-avions
A warship designed to carry aircraft, serving as a seagoing air base, with a deck on which aircraft can be launched and landed.

airdrop v
larguer par parachute parachuter
To deliver goods, equipment, or personnel by dropping them from an aircraft in flight.

airdropped adj
aérolargué

airfield airfields n
aérodrome
(aviation) An open field designated for the taking off and landing of aircraft, but which, unlike an airport, does not necessarily have terminals or paved runways.

airfoil airfoils n
profil d'aile
A structure shaped to produce lift when moving in air.

airframer airframers n
avionneur
(aviation) maker of airframes, aircraft manufacturer

airgasm /ˈɛəɡaz(ə)m/ /ˈɛəɹ.ɡæz.əm/ airgasms n
airgasme

airhead /ˈɛɹˌ(h)ɛd/ /ˈɛːhɛd/ airheads n
tête de linotte
(originally, US, informal, derogatory) A foolish, silly, or unintelligent person.

airing cupboard airing cupboards n
placard-séchoir
A clothes storage cupboard built around a house's hot water system, using the heat to dry damp clothes.

airlift /ˈɛə.lɪft/ airlifts n
pont aérien
The transportation of troops, civilians or supplies by air, especially in an emergency.
Such a flight.

airline airlines n
compagnie aérienne ligne aérienne
A company that flies airplanes to transport people and goods.

airliner airliners n
avion de ligne
A passenger-carrying aircraft, especially one of a fleet operated by an airline.

airlock airlocks n
sas
A sealed, airtight chamber, such as in a manned spacecraft or submarine, used to provide access to and from the sealed area without allowing air out or water in.

airmail /ˈɛə.meɪl/ airmails n
Aéropostale aérogramme courrier aérien poste aérienne
The system of conveying mail using aircraft.

airmanship n
professionnalisme aéronautique qualités de pilote
Skill in and knowledge of the work of navigating and operating an aircraft.

airmass airmasses n
mass d'air
(physics, meteorology) a widespread body of air, the properties of which can be identified as: (a) having been established while that air was situated over a particular region of the Earth's surface (airmass source region) and (b) undergoing specific modifications while in transit away from the source region. An air mass is often defined as a widespread body of air that is approximately homogeneous in its horizontal extent, particularly with reference to temperature and moisture distribution; in addition, the vertical temperature and moisture variations are approximately the same over its horizontal extent.

airplane /ˈeɹˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛəˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛɚˌpleɪ̯n/ /ˈɛːˌpleɪ̯n/ airplanes n
avion aéroplane
(chiefly, US, Canada, Philippines) A powered heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings.

airplane mode airplane modes n
mode avion

airport /ˈɛə.pɔːt/ /ˈɛɹ.pɔɹt/ airports n
aéroport
An airfield (an area designated for the takeoff and landing of aircraft), including one or more runways and (for commercial airports) one or more passenger terminals.

airport lounge airport lounges n
salon d'aéroport
A dedicated area in an airport which offers, for selected passengers, comforts beyond those afforded in the main parts of the airport.

airsickness airsicknesses n
mal de l'air
A feeling of nausea, dizziness etc. caused by the motion of an aircraft; a form of motion sickness.

airspace airspaces n
espace aérien
(politics, aviation) A specified portion of the atmosphere, especially that under the technical aviation control and/or jurisdiction of a particular state over which territory (and territorial waters) it lies.
(aviation) that part of the sky designated for the sole use of aircraft.

airstrip /ˈɛə(ɹ)stɹɪp/ airstrips n
piste d’atterrissage
An aircraft landing field, usually with one runway and only basic facilities.

airtight more airtight most airtight adj
hermétique étanche
Impermeable to air or other gases.
en béton
(figuratively) Having no weak points or flaws.

airtime airtimes n
temps d'antenne
The duration during which a radio or television program (or part of one) is transmitted.

airwaves n
ondes (hertziennes)

airway airways n
route aérienne
(aviation) A flight path used by aeroplanes.

airwoman airwomen n
aviatrice
A woman who flies in an aircraft; a female aviator.

airworthiness n
aeronavigabilité navigabilité
The state of being airworthy.

airy /ˈɛəɹ.i/ airier airiest adj
aéré
Relating or belonging to air; high in air; aerial.
Open to a free current of air; exposed to the air; breezy.

aisle /aɪ̯l/ aisles n
allée
A clear path through rows of seating.
rayon
A clear corridor in a supermarket with shelves on both sides containing goods for sale.
couloir côté couloir
(transport) Seat in public transport, such as a plane, train or bus, that's beside the aisle.

aisle seat aisle seats n
côté couloir
A seat beside an aisle in a theater, auditorium, or stadium.

aitch /ˈeɪt͡ʃ/ aitches n
ache âche
The name of the Latin-script letter H.

ajar /əˈd͡ʒɑɹ/ /əˈd͡ʒɑː/ more ajar most ajar adj
entrebâillé entrouvert
Slightly turned or opened.

ajaxification n
ajaxification
(programming) The use of AJAX in JavaScript source code.

akanbe akanbe n
mon œil
A Japanese gesture of pulling down one's eyelid and sticking out one's tongue, used to taunt people.

aketon /ˈæk.(ə.)tən/ aketons n
auqueton

akimbo /əˈkɪm.boʊ/ /əˈkɪm.bəʊ/ adj
poings sur hanches
With a crook or bend; with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward.

akin /əˈkɪn/ /ʌˈkɪn/ more akin most akin adj
analogue apparenté
(often, followed by to) Allied by nature; similar; partaking of the same properties; of the same kind.

akinesic more akinesic most akinesic adj
acinétique akinésique akinétique
Of or pertaining to akinesia.

akinete akinetes n
akinète
(biology) A thick-walled, dormant cell found in cyanobacteria and green algae

al dente /æl ˈdɛn.teɪ/ /æl ˈdɛn.ti/ more al dente most al dente adj
al dente
(of pasta, vegetables, rice, beans, etc.) Firm to the bite, cooked just right.

al-Andalus pn
Al-Andalus
(historical) Arabic Spain (from 711–1492 C.E.).

al-Hasakah pn
Hassaké
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al-Qaeda /æl ˈkaɪdə/ /æl ˈkeɪdə/ /ɑl ˈkaɪdə/ /ˌæl kaɪˈiːdə/ /ˌæl kɑːˈiːdə/ pn
Al-Qaida
A worldwide network of militant Sunni Islamic organizations and individuals.

alabaster /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tə/ /ˈæl.əˌbæs.tɚ/ /ˈæl.əˌbɑːs.tə/ alabasters n
albâtre
A fine-grained white or lightly-tinted variety of gypsum, used ornamentally.

alack /əˈlæk/ interjection
hélas
An expression of sorrow or mourning.

alacrity [əˈlækɹɨti] alacrities n
alacrité empressement
Eagerness; liveliness; enthusiasm.
rapidité
Promptness; speed.

alakazam interjection
alakazam
A magic word used in conjuring; presto, shazaam.

alanine alanines n
alanine
(amino acid, uncountable) A nonessential amino acid 2-aminopropanoic acid found in most animal proteins

alar adj
ailé
(anatomy) of or relating to the armpit; axillary.

alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ /əˈlɑːm/ alarms n
alarme
A summons to arms, as on the approach of an enemy.
Any sound or information intended to give notice of approaching danger; a warning sound to arouse attention; a warning of danger.
Sudden surprise with fear or terror excited by apprehension of danger; in the military use, commonly, sudden apprehension of being attacked by surprise.
réveil réveille-matin
A mechanical device for awaking people, or rousing their attention.

alarm /əˈlɑɹm/ /əˈlɑːm/ v
alarmer donner/sonner l'alerte

alarm clock alarm clocks n
réveil réveille-matin
A clock with an alarm that can be set to sound at a determined time.

alarming /ə.ˈlɑɹm.ɪŋ/ /ə.ˈlɑːm.ɪŋ/ more alarming most alarming adj
alarmant
Causing apprehension, fear or alarm; frightening.

alarmism alarmisms n
alarmisme

alarmist /əˈlɑɹmɪst/ alarmists n
alarmiste
One who causes others to become alarmed without cause.

alas /ɘˈlɛs/ /əˈlæs/ /əˈlɑːs/ interjection
hélas
Used to express sorrow, regret, compassion or grief.

alb /alb/ /ælb/ albs n
aube
(Christianity, chiefly, _, Anglicanism, Roman Catholicism) A long, white robe worn by priests and other ministers, underneath most of the other vestments.

albatross /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɑs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɒs/ /ˈæl.bəˌtɹɔs/ albatross albatrosses n
albatros
Any of various large seabirds of the family Diomedeidae ranging widely in the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific and having a hooked beak and long narrow wings.
(golf) A double eagle, or three under par on any one hole, except a par 3 hole.

albatross around one's neck n
poids
(idiomatic, figurative) A characteristic, possession, associate, or previous deed that hinders one's ability to succeed.

albedo /ælˈbi.doʊ/ albedoes albedos n
albédo
(physics, meteorology, astronomy, optics) The fraction of incident light or radiation reflected by a surface or body, commonly expressed as a percentage.
albédo ziste
(botany) The whitish inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits that is a source of pectin, commonly referred to as the pith.

albeit /ɑlˈbi.ɪt/ /ɔlˈbi.ət/ /ɔːlˈbiː.ɪt/ conjunction
bien que quoique
Although, despite (it) being.

albinism /ˈælbəˌnɪzəm/ albinisms n
albinisme
Congenital lack of melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); the condition of being albino.

albino /alˈbiːnoː/ /ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ adj
albinos
Congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); born with albinism.

albino /alˈbiːnoː/ /ælˈbaɪnoʊ/ /ælˈbiːnəʊ/ albinoes albinos n
albinos
(countable) A person or animal congenitally lacking melanin pigmentation in the skin, eyes, and hair or feathers (or more rarely only in the eyes); one born with albinism.

album /ˈælbəm/ [ˈaɫb̚m̩] alba albums n
album
A book specially designed to keep photographs, stamps, or autographs.
A phonograph record that is composed of several tracks
A jacket or cover for such a phonograph record.
A group of audio recordings, on any medium, intended for distribution as a group.

albumen /ælˈbjuːmən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ /ˈælbjʊmən/ albumens albumina n
albumen blanc d’œuf blanc glaire
The white part of an egg; being mostly the protein albumin and water.

albumin /æl.ˈbjuː.mən/ /ˈalbjʊmɪn/ albumins n
albumine
(protein) Any of a class of monomeric proteins that are soluble in water, and are coagulated by heat; they occur in egg white, milk etc; they function as carrier protein for steroids, fatty acids, and thyroid hormones and play a role in stabilizing extracellular fluid volume.

albuminemia n
albuminémie
(pathology) The (normal) presence of albumin in the blood.

alcaide /ælˈkaɪdi/ alcaides n
alcade
(historical) The governor or commander of a Spanish or Portuguese fortress or prison.

alcazar /ælˈkɑzɚ/ /ˌalkəˈzɑː/ /ˌælkəˈzɑɹ/ alcazars n
alcazar
Any Moorish fortress in Spain.

alchemical adj
alchimique
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to the medieval chemical science and philosophy of alchemy.

alchemist /ˈæl.kə.mɪst/ alchemists n
alchimiste
One who practices alchemy.

alchemy /ˈælkəmi/ alchemies n
alchimie
(uncountable) The premodern and early modern study of physical changes, particularly in Europe, Arabia, and China; and chiefly in pursuit of an elixir of immortality, a universal panacea, and/or a philosopher's stone able to transmute base metals into gold, eventually developing into chemistry.
(countable) The causing of any sort of mysterious sudden transmutation.

alcid /ˈal.sɪd/ alcids n
alcidé alque
(ornithology) A bird of the family Alcidae, including auks, auklets, razorbills, dovekies, guillemots, and puffins.

alcogel alcogels n
gel hydroalcoolique
A hand sanitizer in the form of an alcohol gel

alcohol /ˈæl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ /ˈæl.kə.hɔl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɑl/ /ˈɑl.kə.hɔl/ alcohols n
alcool
(organic compound, countable) Any of a class of organic compounds (such as ethanol) containing a hydroxyl functional group (-OH).
alcool boisson alcoolique boisson alcoolisée
(uncountable) Beverages containing ethanol, collectively.

alcohol poisoning alcohol poisonings n
intoxication alcoolique
A high blood level of alcohol, toxic enough to injure or kill a person.

alcohol-free adj
sans alcool
Containing no alcohol.

alcoholaemia alcoholaemias n
alcoolémie
The presence of alcohol in the bloodstream
A measure of the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream

alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ more alcoholic most alcoholic adj
alcoolique
Of or pertaining to alcohol.
alcoolisé alcoolique
Having more than a trace amount of alcohol in its contents.

alcoholic /ˌæl.kəˈhɑ.lɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɒl.ɪk/ /ˌæl.kəˈhɔ.lɪk/ alcoholics n
alcoolique
A person addicted to alcohol.
One who abuses alcohol.

alcoholism /ˈælkə(ˌ)hɔˌlɪzəm/ /ˈælkəhɒˌlɪzəm/ alcoholisms n
alcoolisme
A chronic disease caused by compulsive and uncontrollable consumption of alcoholic beverages, leading to addiction and deterioration in health and social functioning.
(pathology) Acute alcohol poisoning.

alcohologist /ˌælkəˈhɒlədʒɪst/ alcohologists n
alcoologue
One who studies alcohology.

alcohology /ˌælkəˈhɒlədʒi/ n
alcoologie
(sociology) The study of the effects of alcohol; on living organisms, people or social environments.

alcoholometer alcoholometers n
alcoomètre
A specialized form of hydrometer used to measure the amount of alcohol in a liquid (such as beer).

alcoholometry n
alcoométrie
The measurement of the concentration of alcohol in a liquid, especially in the blood

alcove /ˈæl.kəʊv/ alcoves n
alcôve
(architecture) A small recessed area set off from a larger room.

aldebaranium n
aldébaranium
(chemistry, obsolete) A rejected name for ytterbium.

aldehyde /ˈæl.dɪ.haɪd/ aldehydes n
aldéhyde
(organic compound) Any of a large class of reactive organic compounds (R·CHO) having a carbonyl functional group attached to one hydrocarbon radical and a hydrogen atom.

alder /ˈɑldɚ/ /ˈɔldɚ/ /ˈɔːldə/ alders n
aulne verne
Any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Alnus, belonging to the birch family.

alder buckthorn alder buckthorns n
bourdaine
A deciduous shrub, Frangula alnus, native to Europe and neighboring areas of Asia and Africa, bearing glossy leaves, flowers in sessile umbels, and inedible red berries that turn black when ripe, and historically used as a laxative and to produce dyes.

alderman aldermen n
échevin conseiller municipal
A member of a municipal legislative body in a city or town.

ale /eɪl/ ales n
ale bière anglaise
A beer produced by so-called warm fermentation and not pressurized.

aleatory /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/ /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/ /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tɔ.ɹi/ /ˈæ.lɪ.ə.tə.ɹi/ adj
aléatoire
Depending on the throw of a die; random, arising by chance.

alecithal adj
alécithe

alembic /əˈlɛm.bɪk/ alembics n
alambic
An early chemical apparatus, consisting of two retorts connected by a tube, used to purify substances by distillation.

aleph /ˈɑˌlɛf/ /ˈɑˌlɪf/ alephs n
aleph alef
The first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, and its descendants in descended Semitic scripts, such as Phoenician ⁧[[Ф#Phoenician|Ф]⁩ (ʾ, ʾaleph), Aramaic ⁧[[С#Aramaic|С]⁩ (ʾ), Classical Syriac ⁧ܐ⁩ ('ālaph), Hebrew ⁧א⁩ (aleph) and Arabic ⁧ا⁩ (ʾalif).

alerion /-lɛɹ-/ /-ɑn/ /əˈlɪɹ.i.ən/ alerions n
alérion
(heraldiccharge) A heraldic eagle, especially one displayed without legs/feet or beak.

alert /əˈlɜːt/ /əˈlɝt/ more alert most alert adj
alerte
Attentive; awake; on guard.

alert /əˈlɜːt/ /əˈlɝt/ alerts n
alarme
An alarm.

alethic /əˈliːθɪk/ /əˈlɛθɪk/ more alethic most alethic adj
aléthique
(logic) Of or pertaining to the various modalities of truth, such as the possibility or impossibility of something being true.

alethiology n
aléthiologie
(logic) The branch of logic dealing with truth and error.

alethonym alethonyms n
aléthonyme
The true name of an individual, as distinguished from a pseudonym.

alethonymous adj
aléthonyme
(very rare) Of or pertaining to an alethonym (true name).

aleurodophagous adj
aleurodiphage

aleuromancy n
aleuromancie
divination using flour or related products such as dough or cakes and fortune cookies

aleurone /əˈl(j)ʊəɹəʊn/ aleurones n
aleurone
(protein) The protein content of the embryo, endosperm, or perisperm of cereals, in the form of minute particles.

alevin /ˈæl.ə.vən/ alevins n
alevin
Newly hatched fish, especially salmon.

alewife /ˈeɪlwʌɪf/ /ˈeɪlˌwaɪf/ alewives n
patronne
(archaic) A woman who keeps an alehouse.
gaspareau gasparot
A migrating North American fish, Alosa pseudoharengus.

alexandrine alexandrines n
alexandrin
(poetry) A line of poetic meter having twelve syllables, usually divided into two or three equal parts.

alexandrite /ˌæl.ɪɡ.ˈzæn.dɹaɪt/ alexandrites n
alexandrite
(mineral) A form of chrysoberyl that displays a colour change dependent upon the light source, along with strong pleochroism.

alexia /əˈlɛk.si.ə/ alexias n
alexie
(psychiatry) Word blindness, the inability, due to a cerebral disorder, to comprehend or understand writing.

alexic more alexic most alexic adj
alexique
Related to, or afflicted with alexia

alexin alexins n
alexine
(biochemistry, dated) A protective substance that exists in the serum or other bodily fluid and is capable of killing microorganisms; complement.

alexipharmac /əˌlɛksəˈfɑɹmæk/ /əˌlɛksɪˈfɑːmæk/ more alexipharmac most alexipharmac adj
alexipharmaque
(pharmacology, chiefly, archaic, or, historical) Of or pertaining to an alexipharmac; also, acting as an alexipharmac by protecting against or warding off the ill effects of a harmful substance, especially a poison or venom; alexipharmic.

alexipharmac /əˌlɛksəˈfɑɹmæk/ /əˌlɛksɪˈfɑːmæk/ alexipharmacs n
alexipharmaque
(pharmacology, chiefly, archaic, or, historical) A medical remedy for protecting the body, or an antidote, against a harmful substance, especially a poison or venom (specifically, that of a snake); an alexipharmic, an antidote.

alexipyretic /-pɪ-/ /əˌlɛksɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more alexipyretic most alexipyretic adj
alexipyrétique
(pharmaceutical effect, obsolete, rare) Having the effect of reducing fever.

alexithymia /ˌeɪ.lɛk.səˈθaɪ.mi.ə/ n
alexithymie
A deficiency in understanding, processing, or describing emotions.

alexithymic /əˌlɛksɪˈθaɪmɪk/ more alexithymic most alexithymic adj
alexithymique
(psychiatry, psychology) Pertaining to or having alexithymia. [from 20th c.]

alfalfa /ælˈfælfə/ alfalfas n
luzerne
(uncountable) A plant, principally of Medicago sativa, grown as a pasture crop.

alfenide n
alfénide
An alloy of nickel and silver electroplated with silver.

alfresco /ælˈfɹɛs.koʊ/ adj
en plein air
Outdoors, open to the atmosphere.

alfresco /ælˈfɹɛs.koʊ/ adv
en plein air
Outdoors; in fresh air.

alga /ˈæl.ɡə/ algae n
algue
(biology) Any of many aquatic photosynthetic organisms, including the seaweeds, whose size ranges from a single cell to giant kelps and whose biochemistry and forms are very diverse, some being eukaryotic.

algal /ˈælɡəl/ adj
algal
Pertaining to, or like, algae.

algal bloom algal blooms n
efflorescence algale
A dense spread of algae on the surface of water.

algebra /ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒə.bɹə/ /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪ.bɹə/ algebras n
algèbre
(uncountable, mathematics) Elementary algebra: A system for representing and manipulating unknown quantities (variables) in equations.
(countable, mathematics, algebra) Any of several objects of study in Algebra
(uncountable, medicine, historical, rare) The surgical treatment of a dislocated or fractured bone. Also (countable) : a dislocation or fracture.

algebraic /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹeɪ.ɪk/ /ˌæl.d͡ʒɪˈbɹæɪ.ɪk/ more algebraic most algebraic adj
algébrique
Of, or relating to, algebra.
(mathematics, of an expression, equation, or function) Containing only numbers, letters, and arithmetic operators.
(algebra, number theory, of a number) Which is a root of some polynomial whose coefficients are rational.
(chess, of notation) Describing squares by file (referred to in intrinsic order rather than by the piece starting on that file) and rank, both with reference to a fixed point rather than a player-dependent perspective.

algebraic K-theory n
K-théorie algébrique
(algebraic geometry) K-theory studied from the point of view of algebra.

algebraic analysis n
analyse algébrique
(algebraic geometry, algebraic topology) The study of systems of linear partial differential equations, using techniques from sheaf theory and complex analysis to examine functions and certain generalisations of functions (such as hyperfunctions and microfunctions).

algebraic combinatorics n
combinatoire algébrique
(algebra, combinatorics) A branch of mathematics in which techniques from abstract algebra are applied to problems in combinatorics, and vice versa.

algebraic equation algebraic equations n
équation algébrique
(algebra) A mathematical equation in which one or both sides is an algebraic expression, such as 2x + 7y = 3.

algebraic function algebraic functions n
fonction algébrique
(algebraic geometry) Informally, any function expressible using (only) the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and raising to a rational power; more precisely, any continuous function definable as the root of some polynomial equation.

algebraic geometry algebraic geometries n
géométrie algébrique
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics that studies algebraic varieties (solution sets of polynomial equations) and their generalisations, using techniques from both algebra (chiefly commutative algebra) and geometry.

algebraic graph theory algebraic graph theories n
théorie algébrique des graphes
(uncountable, mathematics, graph theory) The subbranch of graph theory in which algebraic methods are applied to problems about graphs.

algebraic integer algebraic integers n
entier algébrique
(algebra, number theory) A real or complex number (more generally, an element of a number field) which is a root of a monic polynomial whose coefficients are integers; equivalently, an algebraic number whose minimal polynomial (lowest-degree polynomial of which it is a root and whose leading coefficient is 1) has integer coefficients.

algebraic structure algebraic structures n
structure algébrique
(more formally) A mathematical object comprising a carrier set (aka underlying set or domain), an optional scalar set, a set of operations (typically binary operations, but otherwise each of finite arity) and a set of identities (axioms) which the operations must satisfy.

algebraically more algebraically most algebraically adv
algébriquement
Using algebra.

algebraically closed adj
algébriquement clos
(algebra, field theory, of a field) Which contains as an element every root of every nonconstant univariate polynomial definable over it (i.e., over said field).

algebraicity n
algébricité

algebraist algebraists n
algébriste
(mathematics) A mathematician who specializes in algebra.

algid /ˈæl.d͡ʒɪd/ more algid most algid adj
algide froid
(medicine) Cold, chilly; used of low body temperature especially in connection with certain diseases such as malaria and cholera.

algidity algidities n
algidité
(medicine) The state of being algid.

algin /ˈæl.dʒɪn/ algins n
algine
Any of various gelatinous gums, derivatives of alginic acid, derived from marine brown algae and used especially as emulsifiers or thickeners.

alginate /ˈæl.dʒɪ.neɪt/ alginates n
alginate
(biochemistry) Any salt or ester of alginic acid.

alginic /ælˈdʒɪn.ɪk/ adj
alginique
(biochemistry) Relating to alginic acid or its derivatives.

algivorous adj
algivore
(biology) algae-eating

algolagnia /alɡə(ʊ)ˈlaɡnɪə/ n
algolagnie
A physical condition that causes a person to gain sexual pleasure by suffering pain, particularly to erogenous zones.

algometry n
algométrie
(medicine) The scientific measurement of responses to pain stimuli.

algophilia algophilias n
algophilie masochisme
pleasure from experiencing pain, especially sexually.

algorithm /ˈælɡəɹɪðəm/ /ˈælɡəˌɹɪðəm/ [ˈæɫɡəɹɪðm̩] [ˈæɫɡəˌɹɪðm̩] algorithms n
algorithme algorithmique
(countable) A collection of ordered steps that solve a mathematical problem. A precise step-by-step plan for a computational procedure that possibly begins with an input value and yields an output value in a finite number of steps.
(loosely) A flowchart illustrating a decision-making process for human users, especially health care professionals.

algorithmic /ˌælɡəˈɹɪðmɪk/ adj
algorithmique
(mathematics, computing) Of, relating to, or being an algorithm.

algorithmics n
algorithmique
(mathematics, computing) The subdiscipline of informatics or computer science that studies algorithms.

alias /ˈeɪ.li.əs/ adv
alias
Otherwise; at another time; in other circumstances; otherwise called.
(legal) Used to connect the different names of a person who has gone by two or more, and whose true name is for any cause doubtful

alias /ˈeɪ.li.əs/ aliases n
pseudonyme
Another name; an assumed name.

aliasing aliasings n
crénelage repliement de spectre
(signal processing, graphics, sound recording) Distortion caused by a low sampling rate, such as a moiré effect or jaggies.

alibi /ˈæl.ə.baɪ/ alibis n
alibi
(legal) The plea or mode of defense under which a person on trial for a crime proves or attempts to prove being in another place when the alleged act was committed.
(sometimes, proscribed) An excuse, especially one used to avoid responsibility or blame.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ more alien most alien adj
étranger
Not belonging to the same country, land, or government, or to the citizens or subjects thereof; foreign.
extraterrestre
Pertaining to extraterrestrial life; typical of an extraterrestrial creature.

alien /ˈeɪ.li.ən/ aliens n
étranger étrangère
A person, animal, plant, or other thing which is from outside the family, group, organization, or territory under consideration.
extraterrestre étranger alien étrangère
Any life form of extraterrestrial or extradimensional origin.

alienate /ˈeɪ.li.ə.neɪt/ v
aliéner
To convey or transfer to another, as title, property, or right; to part voluntarily with ownership of.
To cause one to feel unable to relate.

alienation [ˌeɪli.əˈneɪʃən] alienations n
aliénation
The act of alienating.
The state of being alienated.
Emotional isolation or dissociation.

alienism /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ən.ɪz.əm/ n
aliénisme
(archaic) The study or treatment of mental disorders; psychiatry.

alienist /ˈeɪ.lɪ.ən.ɪst/ alienists n
aliéniste
(dated) An expert in mental illness, especially with reference to legal ramifications.

alif /a.lɪf/ alifs n
alif
The first letter of the Arabic alphabet: ا.

align /æˈlaɪn/ /əˈlaɪn/ v
aligner
(transitive) To adjust or form to a line; to range or form in line; to bring into line.
(transitive, bioinformatics) To organize a linear arrangement of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences which have regions of similarity.

aligned /əˈlaɪnd/ more aligned most aligned adj
aligné
Having been placed, arranged or formed in alignment (with something).

alignment /əˈlaɪn.mənt/ /əˈlɑɪn.mənt/ alignments n
alignement
An arrangement of items in a line.
(bioinformatics) A way of arranging DNA, RNA or protein sequences in order to identify regions of similarity.
ajustage
The process of adjusting a mechanism such that its parts are aligned; the condition of having its parts so adjusted.
alliance
An alliance of factions.
conjonction
(astronomy) The conjunction of two celestial objects.
itinéraire linéaire
(transport) The precise route or course taken by a linear way (road, railway, footpath, etc.) between two points.

aligot /æ.li.ɡoʊ/ /ɑ.li.ɡoʊ/ n
aligot
A dish traditionally made in the south of Auvergne from melted Tomme cheese blended into mashed potatoes, often with garlic.

alike /əˈlaɪk/ more alike most alike adj
pareil semblable analogue
Having resemblance or similitude; similar; without difference.

alike /əˈlaɪk/ more alike most alike adv
pareillement
In the same manner, form, or degree; in common; equally.

alimentary /ˌælɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more alimentary most alimentary adj
alimentaire
Of, or relating to food, nutrition or digestion.

alimony /ˈæl.ə.moʊ.ni/ /ˈæl.ɪ.mə.ni/ alimonies n
pension alimentaire
(legal, sometimes, pejorative) A court-mandated allowance made to a former spouse by a divorced or legally separated person.

aliovalent adj
aliovalent
(inorganic chemistry) Having a different valence or oxidation state

aliphatic /ælɪˈfætɪk/ adj
aliphatique
(organic chemistry) Of a class of organic compounds in which the carbon atoms are arranged in an open chain.

aliquot /ˈæ.lɪ.kwɒt/ aliquots n
aliquote
(chemistry, biotechnology) A portion of a total amount of a solution or suspension.

aliturgical adj
aliturgique
(of a day in the Christian calendar) On which the holy sacrifice is not offered.

alive /əˈlaɪv/ more alive most alive adj
vivant en vie
Having life; living; not dead.

alive and kicking adj
bien en vie en pleine forme sain et sauf vif
(idiomatic) Healthy; vital; in good health, particularly in opposition to unfavorable circumstances.

aliyah /əliːˈjɑː/ /əˈliːjə/ aliyahs aliyos aliyot aliyoth n
alya
(countable) One of the major waves of immigration of Jews to Israel.

alizaric adj
alizarique

alizarin /əˈlɪzəɹɪn/ alizarins n
alizarine
(organic compound) A red substance, 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone, extracted from madder root and used as a dye.

alkali /ˈæl.kəˌlaɪ/ alkalies alkalis n
alcali
(chemistry) One of a class of caustic bases, such as soda, soda ash, caustic soda, potash, ammonia, and lithia, whose distinguishing characteristics are dissolving in alcohol and water, uniting with oils and fats to form soap, neutralizing and forming salts with acids, turning to brown several vegetable yellows, and changing reddened litmus to blue.

alkali metal alkali metals n
métal alcalin
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the soft, light, reactive metals of Group 1 of the periodic table; lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium.

alkalimetry alkalimetries n
alcalimétrie
The process of determining the strength of an alkali.

alkaline /ˈæl.kə.laɪn/ /ˈæl.kəl.aɪn/ more alkaline most alkaline adj
alcalin
Of, or relating to an alkali, one of a class of caustic bases.
basique alcalin
(chemistry) Having a pH greater than 7.

alkaline earth metal alkaline earth metals n
métal alcalino-terreux
(inorganic chemistry) Any of the elements of group II of the periodic table; they are low-density metals that react readily with water to form strongly basic hydroxides, and with many acids to form salts.

alkaline glaze alkaline glazes n
glaçure alcaline

alkalinity alkalinities n
alcalinité
(chemistry) The state of being, or the degree to which a thing is, alkaline.

alkaloid /ˈæl.kə.lɔɪd/ alkaloids n
alcaloïde
(organic chemistry) Any of many organic (often heterocyclic) bases that occur in nature and often have medicinal properties.

alkaloidiferous more alkaloidiferous most alkaloidiferous adj
alcaloïfère

alkalosis /æl.kəˈləʊ̯sɪs/ alkaloses n
alcalose
An abnormally increased alkalinity in the blood.

alkane /ˈæl.keɪn/ alkanes n
alcane
(organic compound) Any acyclic saturated hydrocarbon (methane, ethane, etc.).

alkanet alkanets n
orcanette orcanette des teinturiers
Alkanna tinctoria, a plant whose root is used as a red dye.
The dyeing matter extracted from the roots of the plant with water or oil, used for cotton especially but also silk and wool, giving a deep red colour.

alkene alkenes n
alcène
(organic compound) An unsaturated, aliphatic hydrocarbon with one or more carbon–carbon double bonds.

alkyl /ˈælkaɪl/ /ˈælkɪl/ alkyls n
alkyle
(organic chemistry) Any of a series of univalent radicals of the general formula CnH2n+1 derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons.

alkylation alkylations n
alkylation
(organic chemistry) Any reaction in which an alkyl group is added to a molecule; used in the production of high-octane petroleum fuels.

alkyne alkynes n
alcyne
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon–carbon triple bond.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] adv
tout tous toute toutes
Wholly; entirely; completely; totally.

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] determiner
tout tous toutes toute
Every individual or anything of the given class, with no exceptions (the noun or noun phrase denoting the class must be plural or uncountable).
tout toute
Throughout the whole of (a stated period of time; generally used with units of a day or longer).

all /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ [oːɫ] [ɔɫ] alls n
tout
(with a possessive pronoun) Everything that one is capable of.

all along adv
depuis le début dès le départ
(duration, idiomatic) For the entire time; always.

all and sundry pronoun
sur tous les toits tout le monde tout un chacun
(collectively) All; everyone.
tous
(separately) Each one.

all at once /ˌɑl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ /ˌɔl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ /ˌɔːl ət ˈwʌn(t)s/ adv
d'un coup d'un seul soudain tout d'un coup
(idiomatic) Unexpectedly; without warning; all of a sudden.
d'un seul coup
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see All at the same time; all together.

all bark and no bite adj
grande gueule
(idiomatic) Full of big talk but lacking action, power, or substance; pretentious.

all but adv
presque plus ou moins
Very nearly; everything short of. Most often precedes a verb or adjective.

all cats are grey in the dark proverb
la nuit, tous les chats sont gris dans la nuit, tous les chats sont gris
(UK, sometimes, _, vulgar, _, &, _) Sex is enjoyable regardless of the physical attractiveness or social station of one's partner.
(uncommon) Under some circumstances, individual distinctions no longer matter.

all day adv
toute la journée
For the period of an entire day, or at least during all the daytime of a day.

all dressed adj
assaisonnée

all duck or no dinner phraseologicalUnit
c'est ça ou rien
(idiomatic) All or nothing.

all ears adj
tout ouïe être tout oreille être tout oreilles
(idiomatic) Listening intently; fully focused.
tout ouïe
(idiomatic) Awaiting an explanation.

all expenses paid adv
tous frais payés

all good things come to an end proverb
toutes les bonnes choses ont une fin
Nothing good lasts forever.

all hail interjection
vive
a phrase of salutation, welcome, or acclamation.

all hell breaks loose phraseologicalUnit
l'enfer se déchaîne
(idiomatic) The situation becomes chaotic or characterized by conflict or rage.

all in adj
forfaitaire
(chiefly, UK) With everything included.

all in a day's work phraseologicalUnit
les doigts dans le nez
A nonchalant dismissal of a significant accomplishment.

all in all adv
l'un dans l'autre tout compte fait
(modal, set phrase) Generally, all things considered

all in good time adv
au bon moment en temps voulu
(as a set phrase) One should be patient.

all kidding aside adv
sans blague blague à part sérieusement
(speech act, idiomatic) Used to attempt to make a serious point in a jocular conversation.

all mouth and trousers adj
que de la gueule rien dans le pantalon
(British, idiomatic) Superficial, engaging in empty, boastful talk, but not of real substance.

all night adv
toute la nuit
For the period of an entire night.

all of adv
en tout et pour tout
Entirely, completely, in a specified state.

all of a sudden /ˌɔl əv ə ˈsʌdən/ adv
tout à coup soudain soudainement subitement tout d'un coup
(set phrase, colloquial) Suddenly, quickly, without warning.

all one word adv
tous ensemble
written in a single word.

all over adv
tout
(idiomatic) Over an entire extent.
partout
(idiomatic) Everywhere.
tout craché
(idiomatic) In every way; thoroughly.
achevé terminé
nUsed other than figuratively or idiomatically: see all over.

all over the place
dans tous les sens en tous sens
(idiomatic) In multiple directions or locations, often haphazardly; everywhere.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ adj
d'accord bien forme ok
In good health, unharmed.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ adv
bien
Fairly well.

all right /ˌɑlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔlˈɹaɪt/ /ˌɔːlˈɹaɪt/ interjection
super
Used to indicate support, favor or encouragement.
alors bon ok
Used to fill space or pauses.
bien bon
Used as a general lead-in or beginning.
bon
Used to express exasperation or frustration, often with already.

all rights reserved phraseologicalUnit
tous droits réservés
(idiomatic, legal) The copyright holder of a creative work reserves all copyright-related rights, typically including the right to publish the work, to make derivative works of it, to distribute it, to make profit from it, to license a number of these rights to other people, and to forbid these uses by any unauthorized people, thus being entitled to take legal action against infringement.

all roads lead to Rome proverb
tous les chemins mènent à Rome
(idiomatic) Different paths can take one to the same goal.

all smiles adj
tout sourire

all that glitters is not gold proverb
tout ce qui brille n’est pas or
Things that appear valuable or worthwhile might not actually be so; things that look nice might not be as good as they look.

all that jazz phraseologicalUnit
et tout et tout et tout le bataclan et tout le saint-frusquin et tout le tintouin et tout le tralala et tout le tremblement
(informal, idiom) Everything else related to something; other similar things.

all the best interjection
plein de bonnes choses sincères salutations

all the more adv
d'autant plus
Even more; notably, but even more notably due to additional information, either preceding or following the statement.

all the rage adj
faire fureur

all the same adv
quand même néanmoins tout de même
(idiom) Anyway; nevertheless; nonetheless.

all the tea in China n
pour rien au monde tout l'or du monde
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Something very valuable or priceless.

all the time adv
tout le temps
(set phrase, duration) Always; constantly; for the complete duration.
tout le temps à longueur de temps
(set phrase, frequency) Very often; frequently.

all the way adv
jusqu'au bout
Completely, as much as possible; in full; to the end or full extent.

all the world's a stage proverb
le monde entier est un théâtre
People have roles to play in life just as actors do in the theatre.

all there adj
beubeu bête à bouffer du foin bête à pleurer imbécile
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see all,‎ there.

all things being equal adv
toutes choses égales par ailleurs
Without considering or being affected by external factors.

all things considered adv
tout bien considéré tout bien réfléchi
Generally speaking; in terms of the big picture.

all thumbs adj
avoir deux mains gauches
(idiom) Clumsy; awkward; not dextrous.

all told adv
au total en tout tout compris
(idiomatic) With everything included, counted, or summed; in total.

all wet adj
trempé
(literally) Thoroughly soaked; drenched.
erroné faux
(idiomatic) Utterly incorrect; erroneous; uninformed.

all's fair in love and war proverb
en amour comme à la guerre, tous les coups sont permis à la guerre comme à la guerre
Unpleasant behavior is acceptable during love and conflict.

all's well that ends well proverb
tout est bien qui finit bien
A happy ending makes up for everything that has gone before.

all-dressed adj
toute-garnie

all-expenses-paid adj
tous frais payés

all-in-one adj
tout-en-un

all-or-nothing adj
tout ou rien

all-points bulletin all-points bulletins n
avis de recherche
(law enforcement) A broadcast issued from one law enforcement agency to another, typically containing information about a wanted suspect or a person of interest.

all-purpose adj
multi-usages polyvalent tous usages tout usage tout-usage universel
for all purposes; general-purpose

all-season tire all-season tires n
pneu quatre-saison pneu toute-saison pneu trois-saison

all-terrain adj
tout-terrain
suited to various types of terrain

all-weather tire all-weather tires n
pneu toute-condition pneu toute-météo
(automotive, American spelling, Canadian spelling) A tire with rubber that remains soft in below-freezing conditions, but gives longer tread life in warm conditions than winter tires

all-you-can-eat adj
à volonté
(literally) Offering unlimited food to a diner at a restaurant for a fixed price for as long as he or she continues to eat.

allantoic acid n
acide allantoïque
(organic compound) An amidocarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis(carbamoylamino)acetic acid, derived from allantoin

allantoin allantoins n
allantoïne
(biochemistry) A diureide of glyoxylic acid, used in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products; or a derivative of this compound

allantois allantoides allantoises n
allantoïde
(anatomy) A sac, having a number of functions, that develops in the alimentary canal of the embryos of mammals, birds and reptiles.

allative /ˈælətɪv/ allatives n
allatif
(grammar) The allative case, or a word in that case.

allative case allative cases n
allatif
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate movement onto, or to the adjacency of something. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions to or onto, as in "to the house," "onto the house." Languages that use the allative case include Basque, Dyirbal, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, and Lithuanian.

allay /əˈleɪ/ v
apaiser pacifier
(transitive) To make quiet or put at rest; to pacify or appease; to quell; to calm.
soulager
(transitive) To alleviate; to abate; to mitigate.

allegation /ˌæl.əˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæl.ɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ allegations n
allégation assertion
An assertion, especially an accusation, not necessarily based on facts.

allege /əˈlɛd͡ʒ/ v
prétendre
(transitive) To make a claim as justification or proof; to make an assertion without proof.

alleged /əˈlɛdʒd/ /əˈlɛdʒɪd/ adj
supposé
Asserted but not proved.
prétendu supposé
Supposed but doubtful.

allegedly adv
prétendument
According to someone's allegation.

allegiance /əˈliː.d͡ʒəns/ allegiances n
allégeance loyauté fidélité
Loyalty to some cause, nation or ruler.

allegorical /ˌæl.ɪˈɡɔɹ.ɪ.kəl/ more allegorical most allegorical adj
allégorique
of, relating to, or containing allegory

allegory /ˈæl.əˌɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈæl.ɪˌɡɔː.ɹi/ allegories n
allégorie
A picture, book, or other form of communication using such representation.
A symbolic representation which can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, usually a moral or political one.
(mathematics, category theory) A category that retains some of the structure of the category of binary relations between sets, representing a high-level generalisation of that category.

allegretto adv
allégretto
(music) To be played rather fast and lively.

allegretto allegrettos n
allégretto
(music) A movement in this time.

allele /əˈ.liː.l/ /ˈæ.liː.l/ alleles n
allèle
(genetics) One of a number of alternative forms of the same gene occupying a given position, or locus, on a chromosome.

allelic adj
allélique
Of or pertaining to alleles.

allelomorphism allelomorphisms n
allélomorphisme

alleluia alleluias n
alléluia
A liturgical form of hallelujah.

allergen /ˈælə(ɹ)ˌd͡ʒɛn/ allergens n
allergène
(medicine) A substance which causes an allergic reaction.

allergic /əˈlɜː.dʒɪk/ /əˈlɝ.d͡ʒɪk/ more allergic most allergic adj
allergique
Of or pertaining to allergy.
Having an allergy.
(figurative, humorous) Highly averse.

allergist allergists n
allergologue
A doctor who specializes in the treatment of allergies.

allergologist allergologists n
allergologiste
A scientist who studies allergology (the medicine of allergies).

allergology allergologies n
allergologie
(medicine) The study of the causes and treatment of allergies

allergy /ˈæl.əɹ.d͡ʒi/ [ˈæl.ə.dʒi] [ˈæl.ɚ.d͡ʒi] allergies n
allergie
(pathology, immunology) A disorder of the immune system causing adverse reactions to substances (allergens) not harmful to most and marked by the body's production of histamines and associated with atopy, anaphylaxis, and asthma.
(pathology) Any condition of hypersensitivity to a substance.
Altered susceptibility to a first treatment as exhibited in reaction to a subsequent one.
(informal) An antipathy, as toward a person or activity.

alleviate /əˈli.vi.eɪt/ v
soulager calmer adoucir
(transitive) To reduce or lessen the severity of a pain or difficulty.

alleviation /əˌliːviˈeɪʃən/ alleviations n
allégement soulagement
the act of alleviating; relief or mitigation.

alley /ˈæ.li/ alleys n
ruelle allée venelle
A narrow street or passageway, especially one through the middle of a block giving access to the rear of lots of buildings.

alley cat alley cats n
chat de gouttière
An urban feral cat.

alley oop /al.ɪˈuːp/ /al.ɪˈʊp/ /ˌæl.iˈup/ /ˌæl.iˈʊp/ interjection
allez-hop
Encouraging or calling attention to a physical performance, especially one involving an upwards lift or leap.

alleyway /ˈæ.li.weɪ/ alleyways n
allée couloir coursive
A passage between two rows of cabins in a ship.

alliaceous more alliaceous most alliaceous adj
alliacé
Smelling or tasting of garlic or onion.

alliance /əˈlaɪ.əns/ alliances n
alliance
(uncountable) The state of being allied.
(countable) A union or connection of interests between families, states, parties, etc., especially between families by marriage and states by compact, treaty, or league.
(countable) Any union resembling that of families or states; union by relationship in qualities; affinity.
(with the definite article) The persons or parties allied.

allied /əˈlaɪd/ /ˈæl.aɪd/ more allied most allied adj
allié
Joined as allies.

allied health n
paramédical
The range of health care services outside the scope of the medicine, dentistry and nursing professions, e.g. music therapy, physiotherapy, optometry, etc.

alligator /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tə/ /ˈæl.ɪ.ɡeɪ.tɚ/ alligators n
alligator caïman
Either of two species of large amphibious reptile, Alligator mississippiensis or Alligator sinensis, in the genus Alligator within order Crocodilia, which have sharp teeth and very strong jaws and are native to the Americas and China, respectively.

alligator clip alligator clips n
pince crocodile
(electronics) A spring-loaded metal clip, usually attached to a wire and used to make temporary electrical connections.

allis shad n
alose grande alose
A herring-like fish (Alosa alosa), of the eastern Atlantic that migrates to fresh water to spawn.

alliteration /əˌlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/ [əˌlɪɾəˈɹeɪʃən] alliterations n
allitération
The repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of two or more words immediately succeeding each other, or at short intervals.

allocatable adj
allouable
(computing) Able to be allocated.

allocate /ˈæl.ə.keɪt/ v
allouer
To set aside for a purpose.
To distribute according to a plan, generally followed by the adposition to.
(computing) To reserve a portion of memory for use by a computer program.

allocation /ˌæl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ allocations n
allocation
The process or procedure for allocating things, especially money or other resources.

allocator allocators n
allocateur
One who, or that which, allocates.

allochroite n
allochroïte
(mineral) Garnet.

allochthonous /ə.ˈlɒk.θə.nəs/ adj
allogène allochtone
Originating in a place other than where it is found.

allocortex allocortexes allocortices n
allocortex
(anatomy) The heterogenetic cortex; part of the cerebral cortex characterized by fewer cell layers than the neocortex (i.e. fewer than six)

allocyclic adj
allocyclique
Of or pertaining to an allocycle

allodium allodia allodiums n
alleu
(dated, or, historical) Freehold land or property; land held in allodial tenure, or one's title to such land.

allogamy n
allogamie
(biology) The fertilization of an ovum from one individual with the spermatozoa of another; cross-fertilization

allogenism allogenisms n
allogénisme
(linguistics, rare) A pseudo-loan, or sometimes specifically a lexical construction (term or phrase) made using elements from another language, but which does not exist in that language.

allograph /ˈæləɡɹæf/ /ˈæləɡɹɑːf/ allographs n
allographe
A variant form of a letter (or other grapheme).

allometry /ˈæləˌmɛtɹɪ/ n
allométrie
(biology) The science studying the differential growth rates of the parts of a living organism.

allomorph /ˈæl.oʊ.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔɹf/ /ˈæl.ə.mɔːf/ allomorphs n
allomorphe
(linguistics) Any of the different phonological representations of a morpheme.

allonge /əˈlɒnʒ/ allonges n
allonge
(legal, banking) A slip of paper attached to a negotiable instrument to hold endorsements should the document itself be unable to hold any more.

allonym allonyms n
allonyme
A pseudonym, (particularly) another person's name used as a pseudonym by the author of a work.

allopath allopaths n
allopathe
A practitioner of allopathy

allopatric adj
allopatrique
(biology) Not living in the same territory; geographically isolated and thus unable to crossbreed.

allophilia /ˌæləˈfɪliə/ allophilias n
allophilie
The quality of having positive intergroup attitudes, i.e., positive attitudes towards outgroup members, those with characteristics different from one's own, such as people of different races, religions, cultures, etc.

allophone /ˈaləˌfəʊn/ /ˈæləˌfoʊn/ /ˈæləˌfəʉn/ more allophone most allophone adj
allophone
(Canada) Of or relating to those whose mother tongue is neither English, French, nor (sometimes) an indigenous language of Canada.
That which is of a language other than that spoken by the majority.

allophone /ˈaləˌfəʊn/ /ˈæləˌfoʊn/ /ˈæləˌfəʉn/ allophones n
allophone
(phonology) Any of two or more alternative pronunciations for a phoneme.
(Quebec) A person whose mother tongue is neither English, French, nor (sometimes) an indigenous language.
A person whose mother tongue is one other than that spoken by the majority.

allophylic adj
allophyle allophylique

allopurinol /ˌæl.oʊˈpjʊɹ.əˌnɔl/ /ˌæl.ə(ʊ)ˈpjʊə.ɹɪn.ɒl/ allopurinols n
allopurinol
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic drug which inhibits uric acid formation, used to treat gout and related conditions.

allosomic adj
allosomique

allostasis n
allostasie
The process of achieving stability, or homeostasis, in the body, through physiological or behavioral change.

allotment /əˈlɔt.mɛnt/ allotments n
jardin ouvrier
(British) A plot of land rented from the council for growing fruit and vegetables.

allotriophagy n
allotriophagie

allotrope /ˈæ.lə.tɹəʊp/ allotropes n
allotrope
(chemistry) Any form of an element that has a distinctly different molecular structure to another form of the same element, with different physical properties and often different chemical properties. [from 1847]

allotropic adj
allotropique
(chemistry) Describing a form of an element that exhibits allotropy.

allotropy allotropies n
allotropie
(chemistry) A property, exhibited by some elements, of existing in multiple forms with different atomic structures.

allow /əˈlaʊ/ v
laisser accorder
(ditransitive) To grant, give, admit, accord, afford, or yield; to let one have.
permettre
(transitive, catenative) To enable; to permit; to grant license to; to consent to.

allowance /əˈlaʊəns/ allowances n
indemnité
An amount, portion, or share that is allotted or granted; a sum granted as a reimbursement, a bounty, or as appropriate for any purpose
jeu
(engineering) A planned deviation between an exact dimension and a nominal or theoretical dimension.

allowed /əˈlaʊd/ more allowed most allowed adj
permis
Permitted, authorized. [from 16th c.]

alloxan alloxans n
alloxane
(biochemistry) An oxidation product of uric acid, 2,4,5,6(1H,3H)-pyrimidinetetrone, capable of inducing diabetes by destroying pancreatic tissue

alloy /əˈlɔɪ/ /ˈæ.lɔɪ/ alloys n
alliage
A metal that is a combination of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, a base metal.

alloy wheel alloy wheels n
roue en alliage
(automotive) a wheel rim made from an aluminium alloy

allspice allspices n
quatre-épices tout-épice piment de la jamaïque
(uncountable) A spice; the dried and ground unripe fruit of Pimenta dioica, thought to combine the flavours of several spices, such as cinnamon, nutmeg and cloves.

allude /əˈluːd/ v
faire allusion alluder suggérer
(intransitive) to refer to something indirectly or by suggestion

allure /əˈl(j)(ʊ)ɚ/ allures n
attirance
The power to attract, entice; the quality causing attraction.

alluring /əˈlɔːɹɪŋ/ /əˈlɝɪŋ/ /əˈlʊəɹɪŋ/ /əˈlʊɹɪŋ/ more alluring most alluring adj
séduisant attirant
Having the power to allure.

allusion /əˈlu.ʒən/ allusions n
allusion
An indirect reference; a hint; a reference to something supposed to be known, but not explicitly mentioned.

allusive /əˈljuː.sɪv/ /əˈluː.sɪv/ more allusive most allusive adj
allusif
that contains or makes use of allusions (indirect references or hints)

alluvial /əˈluː.vi.əl/ adj
alluvial
Pertaining to the soil deposited by a stream.

alluvial fan alluvial fans n
cône alluvial cône de déjection
A cone-shaped heap of alluvium deposited by a river.

alluvial plain alluvial plains n
plaine alluviale
(geography) A plain formed by the deposition of sediment from the periodic flooding of a river.

alluvium alluvia alluviums n
alluvion
soil, clay, silt or gravel deposited by flowing water, as it slows, in a river bed, delta, estuary or flood plain

ally /æˈlaɪ/ /əˈlaɪ/ /ˈælaɪ/ /ˈæˌlaɪ/ allies n
allié alliée
A person, group, state, etc., which is associated or united by treaty with another for a common (especially military or political) purpose; a confederate.

ally /æˈlaɪ/ /əˈlaɪ/ /ˈælaɪ/ /ˈæˌlaɪ/ v
allier
To unite or form a connection between (people or things), as between families by marriage, or between states by confederacy, league, or treaty.

allyl /ˈælaɪl/ /ˈælɪl/ allyls n
allyle
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) The univalent radical, CH2=CH-CH2-, existing especially in oils of garlic and mustard.

allyl alcohol n
alcool allylique

alma mater /ˌælmə ˈmeɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˌælmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ /ˌɑːlmə ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ alma maters almae matres n
alma mater
A school, college or university from which an individual has graduated or attended classes.

almah /ˈæl.mə/ almah almahs n
almée
An Egyptian singer or dancing-girl used for entertainment; a dancing-girl, a prostitute. [from 18th c.]

almanac [ˈæl-] [ˈɑl.mə.næk] [ˈɒl-] [ˈɔl.mə.næk] [ˈɔːl.mə.næk] almanacs n
almanach annuaire
(astronomy, navigation) A book or table listing nautical, astronomical, astrological or other events for the year; sometimes, but not essentially, containing historical and statistical information.

almandine /ˈal.mən.dʌɪn/ almandines n
almandin
(mineral) A type of garnet having a deep red color, inclining to purple, with the chemical formula Fe3Al2(SiO4)3.

almighty /ɔːlˈmaɪti/ more almighty most almighty adj
tout-puissant
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Unlimited in might; omnipotent; all-powerful

almogavar almogavars n
almogavre
(historical) A lightly-clad footsoldier during the Christian reconquest of Islamic Spain.

almond /ˈa(l).mn̩d/ /ˈæ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑ(l).mənd/ /ˈɑː.mənd/ /ˈɔl.mənd/ almonds n
amandier
(countable) The tree that produces almonds.
amande amandier
Other plants that produce almond-like nuts:

almond butter almond butters n
beurre d'amande beurre d'amandes
A kind of food paste made from almonds.

almond milk almond milks n
lait d'amande
A milky liquid made from almonds and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

almond paste n
pâte d'amande
A type of confection made from ground almonds and sugar in equal quantities, bound with some syrup or other similar substance in order to form a paste.

almond tree almond trees n
amandier
A tree that bears almonds (Prunus amygdalus).

almoner /ˈæl.mə.nɚ/ almoners n
aumônier
One who distributes alms, especially the doles and alms of religious houses, almshouses.
One who dispenses alms on behalf of another person.

almost /ɔːɫ.ˈməʊst/ /ˈoʊ.moʊst/ /ˈɑl.moʊst/ /ˈɔl.moʊst/ /ˈɔː(l)məs/ /ˈɔːɫ.məʊst/ [ˈɒːɫmost] adv
presque quasiment
Very close to, but not quite.

almost all determiner
presque tous
(mathematics) All, except for a negligible set, i.e. finite, countable or of measure zero.

almost everywhere adv
presque partout
(measure theory) For all elements except those contained in some set of measure zero.

alms /æmz/ /ɑlmz/ /ɑmz/ /ɑːmz/ alms n
aumône
Something given to the poor as charity, such as money, clothing or food.

almuce almuces n
aumuce aumusse
A hood or cape.

aloe /əˈləʊ.i/ /ˈæ.loʊ/ /ˈæ.ləʊ/ aloes n
aloès
(in the plural) The resins of the tree Aquilaria malaccensis (syn. Aquilaria agallocha), known for their fragrant aroma, produced after infection by the fungus Phialophora parasitica.
Any plant of the large and variable genus Aloe.

aloe vera /əˌləʊ.i ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /əˌləʊ.i ˈvɪə.ɹə/ /ˈæ.loʊ ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.loʊ ˈvɪ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.ləʊ ˈvɛ.ɹə/ /ˌæ.ləʊ ˈvɪə.ɹə/ aloe veras n
aloé véra
A plant of the species Aloe vera, grown as an ornamental, thought to have medicinal value; an extract, often a gel, made from the plant.

aloft /əˈlɑft/ /əˈlɒft/ /əˈlɔft/ more aloft most aloft adv
en haut en l'air
Above, overhead, in a high place; up.

alogia n
alogie
A general lack of additional, unprompted content in normal speech, a common symptom of schizophrenia.

alogical more alogical most alogical adj
alogique
Not based upon logic or reasoned argument.

alogically more alogically most alogically adv
alogiquement
In an alogical way; without logic.

alone /ɐˈluŋ/ /əˈloʊn/ /əˈləʊn/ more alone most alone adj
seul
By oneself, solitary.

alone /ɐˈluŋ/ /əˈloʊn/ /əˈləʊn/ adv
seul
By oneself; apart from, or exclusive of, others; solo.
Without outside help.
(hence) Used to emphasize the size or extent of something by selecting a subset.
Focus adverb, typically modifying a noun and occurring immediately after it.
Not permitting anything further; exclusively.
Not requiring anything further; merely.

along /əˈlɑŋ/ /əˈlɒŋ/ /əˈlɔŋ/ adv
accompagné
In company; together.

along /əˈlɑŋ/ /əˈlɒŋ/ /əˈlɔŋ/ preposition
le long de
By the length of; in a line with the length of; lengthwise next to.
In a line with, with a progressive motion on; onward on; forward on.

along with preposition
ainsi que avec
In addition to.

alongside /əˈlɑŋˌsaɪd/ /əˌlɑŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɔŋˈsɑɪd/ adv
côte à côte par le travers à côté
Along the side; by the side; side by side; abreast.

alongside /əˈlɑŋˌsaɪd/ /əˌlɑŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɒŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɔŋˈsaɪd/ /əˌlɔŋˈsɑɪd/ preposition
bord à bord avec le long de par le travers de à côté de
Side by side with.

aloof /əˈluːf/ more aloof most aloof adj
réservé distant dédaigneux
Reserved and remote; either physically or emotionally distant; standoffish.

aloof /əˈluːf/ more aloof most aloof adv
à distance à l'écart
At or from a distance, but within view, or at a small distance; apart; away.
dédaigneusement
Without sympathy; unfavorably.

alopecia /æloʊˈpiː.si.ə/ /æloʊˈpiː.ʃ(i)ə/ /ˌæl.əʊˈpiː.ʃə/ alopecias n
alopécie
(pathology) Deficiency of the hair, which may be caused by failure to grow or loss after growth.
(medicine) Loss of hair (especially on the head) or loss of wool or feathers, whether natural or caused by disease.

aloud /əˈlaʊd/ adv
fort à haute voix à voix haute
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly.

alpaca /ælˈpækə/ alpaca alpacas n
alpaga
A sheep-like domesticated animal of the Andes, Vicugna pacos, in the camel family, closely related to the llama, guanaco, and vicuña.

alpha /ˈælfə/ [ˈæɫ.fə] alphas n
alpha
The name of the first letter of the Greek alphabet (Α, α), followed by beta. In the Latin alphabet it is the predecessor to A.

alpha and omega alphas and omegas n
l’alpha et l’oméga
The first and last; the beginning and end.

alpha female alpha females n
femelle dominante
(zoology, ethology) The dominant female in a social or group hierarchy.

alpha male alpha males n
mâle alpha mâle dominant
(zoology, ethology) The dominant male in a group of animals.

alpha particle alpha particles n
particule alpha particule α
(physics) A doubly positively charged nucleus of a helium-4 atom (consisting of two protons and two neutrons), emitted as a consequence of radioactivity; α-particle

alpha radiation n
radioactivité alpha rayonnement alpha
(physics) The radiation of alpha particles as a result of radioactive decay.

alpha wave alpha waves n
rythme alpha
(neurology) An electrical signal produced by the brain while the subject is relaxed.

alphabet /ˈæl.fə.bɛt/ /ˈæl.fə.bɪt/ alphabets n
alphabet
The set of letters used when writing in a language.
A writing system in which letters represent phonemes. (Contrast e.g. logography, a writing system in which each character represents a word, and syllabary, in which each character represents a syllable.)

alphabetical /ˌæl.fəˈbɛt.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌælfəˈbɛtɪkəl/ adj
alphabétique abécédaire
According to the sequence of the letters of the alphabet.

alphabetical order alphabetical orders n
ordre alphabétique
The sequence of a collection of items (such as words in a dictionary) arranged in order by position in the alphabet.

alphabetically more alphabetically most alphabetically adv
alphabétiquement
(manner) In an alphabetical manner.
(sequence) Arranged in the order of the alphabet.

alphabetisation alphabetisations n
alphabétisation
The act or process of arranging in alphabetical order.

alphabetism alphabetisms n
alphabétisme
Discrimination on the basis of the first letter of a name.

alphagram /ˈæl.fəˌɡɹæm/ alphagrams n
alphagramme
The letters of a word, or any other set of letters, arranged in alphabetical order.

alphanumeric /ˌæl.fə.n(j)uːˈmɛ.ɹɪk/ adj
alphanumérique
Consisting of, or limited to, letters and/or numbers, especially the characters A to Z (lowercase and uppercase) and 0 to 9.

alphasyllabary alphasyllabaries n
alphasyllabaire
A segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as a unit: each unit is based on a consonant letter, and vowel notation is secondary; an abugida.

alphorn /ˈalp.hɔːn/ alphorns n
cor des Alpes
(musical instruments) A long, curved, wooden horn used by mountain-dwelling herders in the Alps, originally to call cattle but now only as musical instrument in classical and folk tunes.

alpine /ˈæl.paɪn/ more alpine most alpine adj
alpin montagnard
Of, relating to, or inhabiting mountains, especially above the timberline.

alpine accentor alpine accentors n
accenteur alpin
Prunella collaris, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae

alpine chough /ˈalpaɪn ˈtʃʌf/ alpine choughs n
chocard à bec jaune
A species of bird in the crow family (Corvidae) (Pyrrhocorax graculus), that breeds locally in the highest mountains of southern Europe, the Alps, across central Asia and India.

alpine newt alpine newts n
triton alpestre
a newt of the salamander order Caudata, Ichthyosaura alpestris, formerly Triturus alpestris and Mesotriton alpestris.

alpine skiing n
ski alpin
(skiing) A sport involving skiing downhill.

already /ɑlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔlˈɹɛdi/ /ɔːlˈɹɛdi/ adv
déjà
Prior to some specified time, either past, present, or future; by this time; previously.
So soon.
enfin à la fin
(US) An intensifier used to emphasize impatience or express exasperation.

alrighty interjection
dacodac
(informal) Used to affirm, indicate agreement, or consent.

also /ˈɑl.soʊ/ /ˈɔl.soʊ/ /ˈɔːl.səʊ/ adv
aussi également
(conjunctive, focus) In addition; besides; as well; further; too. [from 14th c.]

also known as adv
alias autrement dit
Used to introduce an alternative name; alias.

alt key alt keys n
touche Alt
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used in combination to alter the function of other keys.

alt-right alt-rights n
alt-droite alt-right droite alternative américaine
(countable, rare) A member of the alt-right; an alt-righter.

altar /ˈɑl.tɚ/ /ˈɒl.tə/ /ˈɔl.tɚ/ /ˈɔːl.tə/ altars n
autel
A table or similar flat-topped structure used for religious rites.

altar boy altar boys n
servant de messe
A boy serving as an acolyte in certain forms of Christianity.

altar wine altar wines n
vin de messe
A particular type of wine produced for ritual consumption during the Roman Catholic Mass.

altazimuth altazimuths n
altazimutal
A telescope or surveying instrument that has a mount permitting both horizontal and vertical rotation.

alter /ˈɑl.tɚ/ /ˈɒl.tə/ /ˈɔl.tɚ/ /ˈɔːl.tə/ v
altérer changer modifier
(transitive) To change the form or structure of.

alter ego /ˈɔl.tɚ iɡoʊ/ /ˈɔːl.təɹ iːɡəʊ/ alter egos n
alter ego un autre moi-même
(law) A corporation used by a person to conduct personal business in an attempt to shield himself or herself from personal liability, and which a court may penetrate by "piercing the corporate veil" to impose liability on the person when they commit fraud or injustice.

alteration /ɑl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɒl.tə(ɹ)ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɔl.tɚˈeɪ.ʃən/ alterations n
altération altérer
The act of altering or making different.
altération
The state of being altered; a change made in the form or nature of a thing; a changed condition.

alterative /ˈɒl.tə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈɒl.tɹə.tɪv/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.ə.tɪv/ /ˈɔl.tɚˌaɪ.tɪv/ more alterative most alterative adj
altérateur
Causing alteration.

altercation /ɑltəɹˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɒl-/ /ˌɔltəɹˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɔːltəˈkeɪʃn̩/ altercations n
altercation dispute empoignade
(countable) An angry or heated dispute.
(uncountable) Angry or heated disputation.

altered /ˈɑl.tɚd/ /ˈɔl.tɚd/ /ˈɔːl.təd/ adj
altéré
Having been changed from an original form.

alterity alterities n
altérité
(philosophy, anthropology) Otherness; the entity in contrast to which an identity is constructed.

alternate /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nət/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.nət/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/ adj
alternatif alternative
(mathematics) Designating the members in a series, which regularly intervene between the members of another series, as the odd or even numbers of the numerals; every other; every second.

alternate /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nət/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɑl.tɚ.nət/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.neɪt/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət/ v
alterner
(transitive) To perform by turns, or in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to interchange regularly.

alternately /ɔlˈtə(ɹ)nətliː/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.nət.li/ [ɔːlˈtɜɹnətlɪ] adv
alternativement
In reciprocal succession; succeeding by turns; in alternate order. Synonym: alternatingly

alternating adj
alternant alternatif
That alternates.
(mathematics, of a series) Having terms that alternate between positive and negative.

alternating current alternating currents n
courant alternatif
(physics) An electric current in which the direction of flow of the electrons reverses periodically.

alternation /ˈɑl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɒl.tə(ɹ).ˌneɪ.ʃən/ /ˈɔl.tɚ.ˌneɪ.ʃən/ alternations n
alternance
The reciprocal succession of (normally two) things in time or place; the act of following and being followed by turns; alternate succession, performance, or occurrence

alternation of generations n
alternance de générations
(biology) Synonym of metagenesis.

alternative /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ adj
alternatif alternative
Relating to a choice between two or more possibilities.
autre alternatif
Other; different from something else.

alternative /ɑl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ /ɒl.ˈtɜː(ɹ).nə.tɪv/ /ɔl.ˈtɝ.nə.tɪv/ alternatives n
alternative
A situation which allows a mutually exclusive choice between two or more possibilities; a choice between two or more possibilities. [from 17th c.]
One of several mutually exclusive things which can be chosen. [from 17th c.]

alternative country n
country alternative
A kind of indie country music meshing traditional forms of country music with diverse musical styles like folk, pop, punk and heavy metal.

alternative dispute resolution alternative dispute resolutions n
mode alternatif de résolution des conflits
(legal) The resolution of a dispute through negotiation, mediation, arbitration, or similar means, as opposed to litigation.

alternative fact alternative facts n
fait alternatif
(politics, media) Something presented as a fact for reasons of political expediency; a fiction, a falsehood, a lie. [since the late 2010s]

alternative investment fund alternative investment funds n
fonds d'investissement alternatif
(finance) collective investment scheme investing in all asset classes and a wide range of financial instruments

alternative medicine alternative medicines n
médecine alternative médecine non conventionnelle
Any of various medical methods and practices used in place of, or as well as, conventional medicine.

alternative metal n
metal alternatif
(music) A style of modern heavy metal influenced by alternative rock.

alternative rock n
rock alternatif
(music genre) A genre of rock music that is normally published on independent labels, comprising of many different subgenres, mostly distinguished by the prevalence of thick and distorted guitar music.

alternator alternators n
alternateur
(electrical engineering) An electric generator which produces alternating current through mechanical means.

although /ɑlˈðoʊ/ /ɔlˈðoʊ/ /ɔːlˈðəʊ/ conjunction
quoique bien que encore que combien que nonobstant que tandis que
Though, even though, in spite of or despite the fact that: introducing a clause that expresses a concession.
mais
But, except.

altimeter /ælˈtɪm.ɪ.tɚ/ altimeters n
altimètre
An apparatus for measuring altitude.

altimetry altimetries n
altimétrie
The science of measuring altitude.

altitude /ˈælt.ɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌtuːd/ /ˈælt.ɪˌt͡ʃuːd/ altitudes n
altitude
The absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level.
(astronomy) The angular distance of a heavenly body above our Earth's horizon.
altitude hauteur
(geometry) The distance measured perpendicularly from a figure's vertex to the opposite side of the vertex.

altitude sickness n
mal d'altitude mal des montagnes
(medicine) A pathological condition caused by oxygen deficiency at high altitudes; symptoms include shortness of breath, nausea, and nosebleed.

altitudinal adj
altitudinal
Of or in relation to altitude

alto /ˈæl.toʊ/ /ˈæl.təʊ/ alti altos n
alto
A musical part or section higher than tenor and lower than soprano, formerly the part that performed a countermelody above the tenor or main melody.
A person or musical instrument that performs the alto part.

altocumulus altocumuli n
altocumulus
(physics, meteorology) A fleecy cloud formation consisting of large whitish or greyish globular cloudlets with shaded portions, often grouped in flocks or rows. (Abbreviated Ac.)

altogether /ɔl.tuˈɡɛð.ɚ/ /ɔː.tuːˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ɔːl.təˈɡɛð.ə/ /ɔːl.tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɑl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ /ˈɔl.təˌɡɛð.ɚ/ adv
complètement
Completely, wholly, or without exception.
en même temps quoi qu'il en soit
On the whole; with everything considered.

altostratus altostrati n
altostratus
(physics, meteorology) A principal medium-level cloud type in the form of a gray or bluish (never white) sheet or layer of striated, fibrous, or uniform appearance.

altruism /ˈæl.tɹu.ɪz.əm/ altruisms n
altruisme
Regard for others, both natural and moral without regard for oneself; devotion to the interests of others; brotherly kindness.
(biology, sociobiology) Action or behaviour that benefits another or others at some cost to the performer.

altruist /ˈæltɹu.ɪst/ /ˈɔːltɹu.ɪst/ altruists n
altruiste
A person showing altruism.

altruistic /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/ /ˌɑl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk/ more altruistic most altruistic adj
altruiste désintéressé
Regardful of others; beneficent; unselfish

altruistic filicide /ˌæl.tɹuˈɪs.tɪk ˈfɪ.lɪ.sʌɪd/ altruistic filicides n
filicide altruiste

alum /ˈæl.əm/ alums n
alun
(chemistry) Any similar double sulphate in which either or both of the potassium and aluminium is wholly or partly replaced by other univalent or tervalent cations. [from 17th c.]

alum /ˈæl.əm/ v
aluner
(transitive) To steep in, or otherwise impregnate with, a solution of alum; to treat with alum.

alumina /əˈl(j)uːmɪnə/ aluminas n
alumine
Aluminum oxide, especially when used in mining, material sciences or ceramics, a refractory solid compound.

aluminic adj
aluminique
(chemistry) Of, relating to or containing aluminium.

aluminiferous more aluminiferous most aluminiferous adj
alunifère
containing, or yielding aluminium or its ore or alum

aluminium /əˈluːmɪnəm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)uˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.i.əm/ /ˌæl.(j)ʊˈmɪn.jəm/ /ˌɛl.(j)ɘˈmɘn.jɘm/ aluminiums n
aluminium
A light, silvery metal extracted from bauxite, and a chemical element (symbol Al) with an atomic number of 13.

aluminium foil aluminium foils n
papier d'aluminium papier d’alu
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A very thin, pliable, easily torn sheet of aluminium used for cooking, packaging, cosmetics, and insulation.

aluminium oxide n
alumine oxyde d'aluminium
(inorganic compound) The solid, Al2O3, commonly known as alumina; it occurs as bauxite, sapphire, ruby and other forms; it is used in the manufacture of ceramics

aluminothermy n
aluminothermie
(inorganic chemistry) the production of a metal from its oxide by heating it with aluminium

aluminous adj
alumineux
(chemistry) of or pertaining to alumina or alum

alumna /əˈlʌmnə/ alumnae alumnus alumnæ n
élève étudiante
A female pupil or student (especially of a university or college).
diplômée
A female graduate.

alumnus /əˈlʌmnəs/ alumna alumni alumnuses n
élève étudiant étudiante
A male pupil or student.
ancien élève diplômé diplômée
A male graduate.
étudiant étudiante
A student of any gender.
diplômé diplômée
A graduate of any gender.

alunite alunites n
alunite
(mineral) A gray whitish, water-soluble mineral, potassium aluminium sulphate; the natural source of alum, KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6.

alveolar /al.ˈviː.əl.ə/ /ælˈvi.lɚ/ /ælˈvi.əl.ɚ/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.lə/ adj
alvéolaire
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the alveoli (small air sacs) of the lungs.
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the jaw ridge containing the tooth sockets.
(phonetics) Formed with the tongue touching or approaching the inner ridge of the gums of the upper front teeth.
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the glands with secretory cells about a central space.

alveolar /al.ˈviː.əl.ə/ /ælˈvi.lɚ/ /ælˈvi.əl.ɚ/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.lə/ alveolars n
alvéolaire
(phonetics) An alveolar consonant.

alveolar ridge alveolar ridges n
crête alvéolaire
(anatomy) A ridge that forms the borders of the maxilla and the mandible and contains the alveoli of the teeth.

alveolectomy n
alvéolectomie
the surgical reshaping of the alveolar ridge to facilitate dental prosthesis

alveolization alveolizations n
alvéolisation
The process or result of becoming alveolate.

alveolus /alˈviː.əl.əs/ /ælˈvi.əl.əs/ /ˌal.viˈəʊ.ləs/ alveoli n
alvéoles pulmonaires alvéole
(anatomy) Any of the many tiny air sacs in the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and where oxygen and carbon dioxide are rapidly exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.

alvine /ælvaɪn/ /ælvɪn/ adj
alvin
(obsolete) Of or pertaining to the belly or intestines.

always /ˈɑl.weɪz/ /ˈɔl.weɪz/ /ˈɔl.wiz/ /ˈɔl.wəz/ /ˈɔləs/ /ˈɔː(l).weɪz/ /ˈɔːl.wɪz/ [-wɪz] [ˈɑɫ.weɪz] [ˈɒː(ɫ)we(ɪ)z] [ˈɔ.wez] [ˈɔˑɪ̯z] adv
toujours
At all times; throughout all time; since the beginning.
Constantly during a certain period, or regularly at stated intervals (opposed to sometimes or occasionally).

alyssum alyssums n
alysse
Any of several plants, of the genus Alyssum, mostly of Eurasian origin, that have racemes of white or yellow flowers.

am I under arrest phraseologicalUnit
suis-je en état d'arrestation?

amadou /ˈæ.mə.duː/ n
amadou
A spongy, flammable substance prepared from bracket fungi, formerly used as a styptic and as tinder.

amalgam /əˈmæl.ɡəm/ amalgams n
amalgame
(metallurgy) An alloy containing mercury.
A combination of different things.

amalgamation /əˌmælɡəˈmeɪʃən/ amalgamations n
amalgamation
(specifically) The production of an alloy of mercury and another metal, especially used in antiquity to extract gold and silver from ores.

amanita /ˌæməˈnaɪtə/ amanitas n
amanite amanite tue-mouches
Any of very many agaric mushrooms, of the genus Amanita, most of which are very poisonous.

amanuensis /əˌmænjuˈɛnsɪs/ amanuenses n
copieur secretaire
One employed to take dictation, or copy manuscripts.
sténographe
A clerk, secretary or stenographer, or scribe.

amaranth /-ɹænt/ /ˈæməɹænθ/ /ˈæməˌɹænθ/ amaranths n
amarante amarantacée
Any of various herbs of the genus Amaranthus.
amarante
The characteristic purplish-red colour of the flowers or leaves of these plants.
(cooking) The seed of these plants, used as a cereal.

amaretto amaretti amarettos n
amaretto
(uncountable, countable) A sweet-bitter liqueur originating from Italy (but also produced in Turkey), flavored with almonds and a secret blend-specific mix of some 200 ingredients such as the pits from apricots, peaches, cherries or other stone fruits.

amaryllis /ˌæməˈɹɪlɪs/ amaryllises n
amaryllis
The belladonna lily, Amaryllis belladonna, native to South Africa.

amass /əˈmæs/ v
amasser
(transitive) To collect into a mass or heap.

amateur /ˈæ.mə.tə/ /ˈæ.mə.tɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ amateurs n
amateur amatrice
A person attached to a particular pursuit, study, science, or art (such as music or painting), especially one who cultivates any study, interest, taste, or attachment without engaging in it professionally.
amateur amateuse
Someone who is unqualified or insufficiently skillful.

amateur radio n
CB
The hobby or pastime of communicating by two-way radio, often striving for “DX” QSOs that are challenging because of distance.

amateurish /ˈæ.mə.tjʊɚ.ɪʃ/ /ˈæ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ.ɪʃ/ more amateurish most amateurish adj
amateur
(pejorative) Suggesting or reflecting the efforts of an amateur; not seeming professional or polished.

amathophobia n
amathophobie
Fear of dust.

amatonormativity n
amatonormativité
(neologism) The assumption that all human beings pursue love or romance, especially by means of a monogamous long-term relationship.

amatory /ˈæ.mə.ˌtɔɚ̯.i/ /ˈæ.mə.ˌtɔː.ɹi/ /ˈɑ.mə.tə.ɹi/ [ˈæ.mə.ˌtɔɚ̯.i] [ˈɑː.mə.tə.ɹɪ] more amatory most amatory adj
amatoire
Of or relating to love, especially sexual love.

amaurosis /ˌæ.mɔˈɹoʊ.səs/ amauroses n
amaurose
Any form of blindness that is accompanied by no obvious change to the eye; often the result of disease of the optic nerve.

amaurotic adj
amaurotique
Pertaining to or suffering from amaurosis.

amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v
stupéfier
To fill (someone) with surprise and wonder; to astonish, to astound, to surprise. [from 16th c.]

amazed /əˈmeɪzd/ more amazed most amazed adj
abasourdi stupéfié
Astonished or confounded with fear, surprise, or wonder; greatly surprised (often with ensuing adpositions e.g. at, with, or by).

amazement /əˈmeɪz.mənt/ amazements n
stupéfaction stupeur
(uncountable) The condition of being amazed; a state of overwhelming wonder, as from surprise or sudden fear, horror, or admiration; astonishment.

amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ [əˈmeɪ̯zɪŋ] more amazing most amazing adj
étonnant
Causing wonder and amazement; very surprising.
extraordinaire formidable sensationnel super
(informal) Possessing uniquely wonderful qualities; very good.

amazingly /əˈmeɪzɪŋli/ more amazingly most amazingly adv
brillamment incroyablement superbement
In an amazing manner; in a way that causes amazement; wonderfully.
incroyablement
Difficult to believe; strange but true.
incroyablement étonnamment
To a wonder-inspiring extent.

amazon /-ɒn/ /ˈæ.mə.zən/ /ˈæm.ə.zɔn/ /ˈæm.əˌzɑn/ amazons n
amazone
A tall, strong, athletic woman.

amazonite /ˈæm.ə.zəˌnaɪt/ amazonites n
amazonite
A gem variety of microcline feldspar, varying from bright verdigris green to a bluish green.

amban ambans ambasa n
amban
(now, _, historical) A Chinese official under the Qing Dynasty, especially the ranking official or provincial governor in a semi-independent territory under Chinese rule.

ambassador /æmˈbæs.ə.də(ɹ)/ /æmˈbæs.ə.dɚ/ /æmˈbæs.əˌdɔɹ/ ambassadors n
ambassadeur ambassadrice
A minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign court to represent there his sovereign or country. (Sometimes called ambassador-in-residence)
An official messenger and representative.

ambassadress ambassadresses n
ambassadrice
A female ambassador.
épouse / femme d’un ambassadeur
The wife of an ambassador.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ more amber most amber adj
ambré
Of a brownish yellow colour, like that of most amber.

amber /ˈam.bə/ /ˈæm.bɚ/ ambers n
ambre ambre jaune
A hard, generally yellow to brown translucent or transparent fossil resin from extinct coniferous trees of the pine genus, used for jewellery, decoration and later dissolved as a binder in varnishes. One variety, blue amber, appears blue rather than yellow under direct sunlight. [from 15th c.]
couleur d'ambre ambre
A yellow-orange colour.
feu orange
(British) The intermediate light in a set of three traffic lights, which when illuminated indicates that drivers should stop short of the intersection when safe to do so. See also yellow light.

ambergris /ˈæm.bə.ɡɹɪs/ /ˈæm.bɚ.ɡɹis/ /ˈæm.bɚ.ɡɹɪs/ ambergrises n
ambre gris
A solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, produced in the intestines of the sperm whale. It is used in perfumes.

amberjack /ˈæm.bɚ.d͡ʒæk/ amberjacks n
Sériole couronnée

ambidexterity n
ambidextrie
The property of being equally skillful with each hand.

ambidextrous /ˌæm.biˈdɛk.stɹəs/ /ˌæm.bɪˈdɛk.stɹəs/ more ambidextrous most ambidextrous adj
ambidextre
Having equal ability in both hands; in particular, able to write equally well with both hands.

ambigram ambigrams n
ambigramme
A calligraphic design that may be read as the same word or phrase (or sometimes different words or phrases) when oriented in two different ways, usually when reflected along a vertical or horizontal axis or when rotated through 180 degrees.

ambiguate v
ambiguïser
(transitive) To make more ambiguous.

ambiguity /æm.bɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ /ˌæm.bəˈɡjuː.ə.ti/ ambiguities n
ambiguïté ambigüité
(countable) words or statements that are open to more than one interpretation, explanation or meaning, especially if that meaning cannot be determined from its context.

ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/ /æmˈbɪɡ.jʉ.əs/ [ɛəmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs] more ambiguous most ambiguous adj
ambigu à double sens
Open to multiple interpretations.

ambisonics n
ambisonie

ambit /ˈæmbɪt/ ambits n
champ
The area or sphere of control and influence of something.
portée
(archaic) The boundary around a building, town, region, etc.

ambition /æmˈbɪʃ.ən/ ambitions n
ambition
(uncountable, countable) Eager or inordinate desire for some object that confers distinction, as preferment, honor, superiority, political power, or fame; desire to distinguish one's self from other people.
(countable) An object of an ardent desire.
(uncountable) A personal quality similar to motivation, not necessarily tied to a single goal.
(obsolete) The act of going about to solicit or obtain an office, or any other object of desire; canvassing.

ambitious /æmˈbɪʃ.əs/ ambitiouser ambitiousest more ambitious most ambitious adj
ambitieux
(of a person or their character) Having or showing ambition; wanting a lot of power, honor, respect, superiority, or other distinction.
Hard to achieve.

ambitransitive adj
ambitransitif
(of a verb) Able to be used transitively or intransitively without requiring morphological change.

ambivalent /æmˈbɪv.ə.lənt/ more ambivalent most ambivalent adj
ambivalent
Simultaneously experiencing or expressing opposing or contradictory feelings, beliefs, or motivations.

ambiversion /-ʒ(ə)n/ /-ʒən/ /æmbɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n/ /ˌæmbəˈvɚʃən/ n
ambiversion
(psychology) A personality trait having balanced characteristics of both extroversion and introversion.

ambivert /-vəːt/ /ˈæmbəˌvɚt/ /ˈæmbɪvɜːt/ ambiverts n
ambiverti
(psychology) A person who is neither clearly extroverted nor introverted, but has characteristics of each.

amble /ˈæm.bəl/ ambles n
amble
An unhurried leisurely walk or stroll.

amble /ˈæm.bəl/ v
ambler déambuler
(intransitive) To stroll or walk slowly and leisurely.
ambler
(intransitive) Of a quadruped: to move along by using both legs on one side, and then the other.

amblyope amblyopes n
amblyope
A person afflicted with amblyopia.

amblyopia /æmblɪˈəʊpɪə/ amblyopias n
amblyopie
Dimness or blurring of the eyesight due to a fault in transmission of signals to the brain from an otherwise healthy eye.

ambo /ˈæm.bəʊ/ ambos n
ambon
A raised platform in an early Christian church, as well as in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Eastern Catholic churches.
(Roman Catholicism) A stationary podium used for readings and homilies.
ambulancier
(informal) An ambulance driver.

ambrein n
ambréine
A fragrant substance (a triterpenoid alcohol) derived from ambergris, used in the perfume industry.

ambrosia /æmˈbɹoʊʒə/ ambrosias n
ambroisie
Any fungus of a number of species that insects such as ambrosia beetles carry as symbionts, "farming" them on poor-quality food such as wood, where they grow, providing food for the insect.

ambrosin ambrosins n
ambrosin
(numismatics) An early coin struck by the dukes of Milan, and bearing the effigy of St. Ambrose on its horseback.

ambulance /ˈæm.bjə.ləns/ /ˈæm.bjəˌlæns/ ambulances n
ambulance
An emergency vehicle designed for transporting seriously ill or injured people to a hospital. [1854]

ambulanceman ambulancemen n
ambulancier
A man who is a driver of an ambulance or a member of its crew

ambulancewoman ambulancewomen n
ambulancière
The female equivalent of an ambulanceman.

ambulatorial /-bjʊ-/ /ˌam.bjə.ləˈto(ː)ɹ.i.əl/ /ˌam.bjə.ləˈtoɹ.i.əl/ [-ˈto̞ɹ-] more ambulatorial most ambulatorial adj
marcheur

ambulatory /-bjʊ-/ /ˈam.bjə.ləˌtoɹ.i/ /ˌæm.bjəˈleɪ.tɹi/ more ambulatory most ambulatory adj
ambulatoire déambulatoire
Of, relating to, or adapted to walking.
ambulatoire
(medicine) Performed on or involving an outpatient.

ambulatory /-bjʊ-/ /ˈam.bjə.ləˌtoɹ.i/ /ˌæm.bjəˈleɪ.tɹi/ ambulatories n
déambulatoire
The round walkway encircling the altar in many cathedrals.

ambuscade /ˈæmbəsˌkeɪd/ ambuscades n
embuscade
(dated) An ambush; a trap laid for an enemy.
The body of troops lying in ambush.

ambuscade /ˈæmbəsˌkeɪd/ v
embusquer
(dated) To lie in wait for, or to attack from a covert or lurking place; to waylay.

ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/ ambushes n
embuscade
An attack launched from a concealed position.
The troops posted in a concealed place, for attacking by surprise; those who lie in wait.

ambush /ˈæm.bʊʃ/ v
embusquer
(transitive) To station in ambush with a view to surprise an enemy.
(transitive) To attack by ambush; to waylay.

ameban more ameban most ameban adj
amibien
Of, pertaining to, or resembling an amoeba.

amelia amelias n
amélie
(pathology) The congenital absence of one or more limbs.

ameliorate /əˈmiːli.əɹeɪt/ v
améliorer
(transitive) To make better, or improve, something perceived to be in a negative condition.

amelioration /əˌmiːliəˈɹeɪʃən/ ameliorations n
amélioration
An improvement.

amen /eɪˈmɛn/ /ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪ.mɛn/ adv
amen
At the end of religious prayers: so be it.
In many Abrahamic religious texts and creeds: certainly, verily.

amen /eɪˈmɛn/ /ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪ.mɛn/ interjection
amen
An expression of strong agreement, often in the phrase "Amen to that!"

amen /eɪˈmɛn/ /ɑːˈmɛn/ /ˈeɪ.mɛn/ amens n
amen

amenable /əˈmiːnəbəl/ /əˈmɛn.ə.bəl/ more amenable most amenable adj
conciliant
Liable to be brought to account, to a charge or claim; responsible; accountable; answerable.

amend /əˈmɛnd/ v
amender
(transitive) To make better; improve.

amendable more amendable most amendable adj
amendable
Capable of being amended.

amendment /ʌˈmɛnd.mənt/ amendments n
amendement avenant
In public bodies, any alteration made or proposed to be made in a bill or motion that adds, changes, substitutes, or omits.

amenity /əˈmiːnəti/ /əˈmɛnəti/ amenities n
agrément aménité
Pleasantness.
commodité
A thing or circumstance that is welcome and makes life a little easier or more pleasant.
équipement
(cartography) A unit pertaining to the infrastructure of a community, such as a public toilet, a postbox, a library, etc.

amenorrhoea /əˌmɛnəˈɹiːə/ /ˌeɪmɛnəˈɹiːə/ amenorrhoeae amenorrhoeas n
aménorrhée
(medicine) Absence of menstrual discharge.

amensalism n
amensalisme
(ecology) A form of symbiosis in which one species is harmed or impeded and the other is unaffected.

americium /ˌæməˈɹɪsiəm/ americiums n
américium
The chemical element (symbol Am) with an atomic number of 95.

amethyst /ˈæm.ə.θɪst/ amethysts n
améthyste
A transparent purple to violet variety of quartz with traces of manganese, used as a gemstone.

ametropia ametropias n
amétropie
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several disorders of the eye (spherical or cylindrical) resulting from faulty refractive ability.

amiable /ˈeɪ.mi.ə.bəl/ /ˈæ.mi.ə.bəl/ more amiable most amiable adj
aimable affable avenant
Friendly; kind; sweet; gracious
aimable
Of a pleasant and likeable nature; kind-hearted; easy to like

amicable /ˈæ.mɪ.kə.bəl/ more amicable most amicable adj
amiable amical
Showing friendliness or goodwill.

amicable number amicable numbers n
nombres amicaux
(number theory) One of a pair of numbers having the property that the sum of the divisors of each, excluding itself, is equal to the other number.

amice amices n
amict
A hood, or cape with a hood, made of or lined with grey fur, formerly worn by the clergy.

amid /əˈmɪd/ preposition
au milieu de entre parmi entouré de
In the middle of; in the center of; surrounded by.

amide /ˈeɪ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.maɪd/ /ˈæ.mɪd/ amides n
amide
(organic chemistry) Any derivative of an oxoacid in which the hydroxyl group has been replaced with an amino or substituted amino group; especially such derivatives of a carboxylic acid, the carboxamides or acid amides
amidure
(inorganic chemistry) Any ionic derivative of ammonia in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced with a metal cation (R-NH- or R2N-)

amidst /aˈmɪdst/ /əˈmɪtst/ preposition
au milieu de entre parmi
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among.

aminal aminals n
amine
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having two amino functional groups attached to the same carbon atom - R2C(NR2)2

amine /əˈmiːn/ /ˈeɪ.miːn/ /ˈæ.miːn/ /ˈæ.mɪn/ amines n
amine
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing an amine functional group.

amine oxide amine oxides n
oxyde d'amine
(chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound formed by addition of an oxygen atom to an amine - R3N+-O-, but sometimes written R3N=O.

amine ylide amine ylides n
ylure d'ammonium
(organic chemistry) An ammonium ylide.

amino acid amino acids n
acide aminé aminoacide
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing both an amino and a carboxylic acid functional group.
(biochemistry) Any of the twenty naturally occurring α-amino acids (having the amino, and carboxylic acid groups on the same carbon atom), and a variety of side chains, that combine, via peptide bonds, to form proteins.

aminoacidemia aminoacidemias n
aminoacidémie
(medicine) The presence of amino acids in the blood (which is always true); and usually, more specifically, an excess (hyperaminoacidemia).

aminogram aminograms n
aminogramme

aminophylline aminophyllines n
aminophylline
(pharmaceutical drug) A bronchodilator comprising theophylline and ethylenediamine in a 2:1 ratio.

amity /ˈæ.mɪ.ti/ [ˈæ.mɪ.ɾi] amities n
amitié
(formal, literary) Friendship. The cooperative and supportive relationship between people, or animals. In this sense, the term connotes a relationship which involves mutual knowledge, esteem, affection, and respect along with a degree of rendering service to friends in times of need or crisis.

ammeter ammeters n
ampèremètre
A device that measures the magnitude of an electric current, especially one calibrated in amperes.

ammocoete ammocoetes n
ammocète
(zoology) A larva of a lamprey.

ammonemia ammonemias n
ammoniémie

ammonia /əˈmoʊn.jə/ ammonias n
ammoniac ammoniaque
(inorganic compound) A gaseous compound of hydrogen and nitrogen, NH3, with a pungent smell and taste.

ammoniac more ammoniac most ammoniac adj
ammoniacal
Of or relating to ammonia, or possessing its properties.

ammoniacal /aməˈnʌɪəkəl/ adj
ammonique
Pertaining to or containing ammonia.

ammoniacum n
gomme ammoniaque
gum ammoniac, a resin exuded from several species of Ferula.

ammoniagenesis n
ammoniogenèse

ammonic adj
ammoniac ammoniaque
(inorganic chemistry) Relating to ammonia.
(anatomy) Relating to the cornu ammonis.

ammonical more ammonical most ammonical adj
ammoniac ammoniaque
(inorganic chemistry) Of or pertaining to ammonia.

ammonite /ˈæ.məˌnaɪt/ ammonites n
ammonite
(paleontology) Any of an extinct group of cephalopods of the subclass Ammonoidea; a fossil shell of such an animal.

ammonitic adj
ammonitique
Relating to, or containing, ammonites

ammonitrate ammonitrates n
ammonitrate
(agriculture) A nitrogen fertilizer based on ammonium nitrate.

ammonium /əˈmoʊni.əm/ ammoniums n
ammonium
(inorganic chemistry) The univalent NH4+ cation, derived by the protonation of ammonia

ammonium bisulfate n
bisulfate d'ammonium

ammonium chloride n
chlorure d'ammonium
(inorganic compound) A water-soluble salt of ammonia and hydrochloric acid, having the formula NH4Cl.

ammonium nitrate n
nitrate d'ammonium
(inorganic compound) The ammonium salt of nitric acid, NH4NO3; it is used in fertilizers and explosives (notoriously in improvised explosive devices, though its main importance is as an explosive in its own right and in mixtures such as amatol and ANFO).

ammunition /ˌæmjuˈnɪʃən/ ammunitions n
munitions munition
Articles used in charging firearms and ordnance of all kinds; as powder, balls, shot, shells, percussion caps, rockets, etc.

amnesia /æmˈniːz.i.ə/ /æmˈniːʒə/ /ˌæmˈniʒə/ amnesias amnesiæ n
amnésie
(pathology) Loss of memory; forgetfulness.

amnesiac amnesiacs n
amnésique

amnesic /æmˈniːsɪk/ /æmˈniːʒɪk/ adj
amnésique
Of, pertaining to, affected by, or causing amnesia.

amnesic /æmˈniːsɪk/ /æmˈniːʒɪk/ amnesics n
amnésique
(dated) A person with amnesia.

amnesty /ˈæm.nɪ.sti/ amnesties n
amnistie
Forgetfulness; cessation of remembrance of wrong; oblivion.
An act of the sovereign power granting oblivion, or a general pardon, for a past offense, as to subjects concerned in an insurrection.

amnesty /ˈæm.nɪ.sti/ v
amnistier
To grant a pardon (to a group)

amnicolist /æmˈnɪkəlɪst/ amnicolists n
riverain

amnicolous adj
amnicole

amniocentesis /ˌamnɪə(ʊ)sɛnˈtiːsɪs/ amniocenteses n
amniocentèse
(medicine) A procedure for obtaining amniotic fluid from a pregnant animal, by inserting a hollow needle through the abdominal wall and into the amniotic sac. Used in diagnosing possible genetic defects and/or obstetric complications.

amnion /ˈæm.ni.ɑːn/ /ˈæm.nɪ.ɒn/ amnia amnions n
amnios
(anatomy) The innermost membrane of the fetal membranes of reptiles, birds, and mammals; the sac in which the embryo is suspended.

amniote /ˈam.nɪ.əʊt/ amniotes n
amniote
(biology) Any of the Amniota group of vertebrates having an amnion during the development of the embryo; mammals, birds and reptiles.

amniotic fluid amniotic fluids n
liquide amniotique
(zoology) In placental mammals, a fluid contained within the amnion membrane that surrounds a developing embryo or fetus.

amniotic sac amniotic sacs n
sac amniotique
The sac in which the foetus develops in mammals, reptiles and birds.

amoeba /əˈmiːbə/ amoebae amoebas n
amibe
(biology) A member of the genus Amoeba of unicellular protozoa that moves by means of temporary projections called pseudopodia.

amoebiasis amoebiases n
amœbose
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica; amoebic dysentery.

among /əˈmɒŋ/ /əˈmʌŋ/ preposition
parmi
Denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects. (See Usage Note at amidst.)

amongst /əˈmʌŋst/ preposition
parmi
Denotes a mingling or intermixing with distinct or separable objects. See usage note at amidst.

amorous /ˈæ.mə.ɹəs/ /ˈæ.mɹəs/ more amorous most amorous adj
amoureux
Inclined or having a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment.
Indicating love or sexual desire.
Of or relating to, or produced by, love.
(dated) Affected with love; in love; enamored.

amorously /ˈæ.mə.ɹəs.li/ more amorously most amorously adv
amoureusement
In an amorous or loving manner.

amorphous /eɪˈmɔ(ɹ)fəs/ /əˈmɔ(ɹ)fəs/ more amorphous most amorphous adj
amorphe
Lacking a definite form or clear shape.
(by extension) Being without definite character or nature.
(physics) In the non-crystalline solid state of a typically crystalline solid.

amortization /əˌmɔɹtəˈzeɪʃən/ /əˌmɔːtaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /əˌmɔːtəˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌæmɚtəˈzeɪʃən/ amortizations n
amortissement
The distribution of the cost of an intangible asset, such as an intellectual property right, over the projected useful life of the asset.

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ amounts n
montant somme
The total, aggregate or sum of material (not applicable to discrete numbers or units or items in standard English).
quantité montant
A quantity or volume.

amount /əˈmaʊnt/ v
monter
(intransitive, followed by to) To total or evaluate.
correspondre
(intransitive, followed by to) To be the same as or equivalent to.

amoxicillin /əˌmɑk.sɪˈsɪl.ɪn/ /əˌmɒk.sɪˈsɪl.ɪn/ amoxicillins n
amoxicilline
(pharmaceutical drug) A moderate-spectrum, bacteriolytic beta-lactam antibiotic C16H19N3O5S closely related to ampicillin and with similar properties, but more readily absorbed when taken orally. It is used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms.

ampelite ampelites n
ampélite
(mineral) A carbonaceous alum schist.

ampelographic adj
ampélographique
Relating to ampelography.

ampelography n
ampélographie
(botany, oenology) The discipline within botany concerned with the taxonomy of cultivars in the grapevine genus, Vitis.

ampelophagous adj
ampélophage
(zoology) Feeding on grapevines.

ampere /ˈæmˌpɛər/ /ˈæmˌpɪər/ /ˌæmˈpɪər/ amperes n
ampère
A unit of electrical current, the standard base unit in the International System of Units; colloquially amp. Abbreviation: amp, Symbol: A

ampere-hour ampere-hours n
ampère-heure
(physics) a unit of electric charge, equal to the charge transferred by a current of one ampere in one hour through a specified point in a circuit, equal to 3600 coulombs.

amphetamine /æmˈfɛt.ə.miːn/ /æmˈfɛt.əm.ɪn/ amphetamines n
amphétamine
(informal) Any mixture of the two amphetamine enantiomers, dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine.

amphiberingian adj
amphibéringien

amphibian /æmˈfɪbɪən/ amphibians n
amphibien batracien
An animal of the Amphibia; any four-legged vertebrate that does not have amniotic eggs, living both on land and in water.
A vehicle which can operate on land and water. See Wikipedia article on "Amphibious aircraft"

amphibious [æmˈfɪbi.əs] adj
amphibie
Capable of functioning on land or in water.

amphibole /ˈæm.fɪˌboʊl/ amphiboles n
amphibole
(mineral) Any of a large group of structurally similar hydrated double silicate minerals, containing various combinations of sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminium.

amphibolic more amphibolic most amphibolic adj
amphibolique
Of, pertaining to or exhibiting amphiboly; ambiguous; equivocal.
(geology) Of, resembling or containing the mineral amphibole.

amphibrach /ˈam.fɪ.bɹak/ amphibrachs n
amphibraque
(prosody) A metrical foot in modern prosody, consisting of three syllables, the middle one of which is stressed (e.g. Jamaica).

amphictyonic /æmˌfɪktiˈɒnɪk/ adj
amphictyonique
(Ancient Greece) Of or relating to the amphictyons or their League or Council.

amphictyony amphictyonies n
amphictyonie
A religious foundation or co-operative shared between Greek city states during the classical period, typically to support the temple or cult of a deity shared by the city states. Also used academically to refer to similar arrangements in non-Greek cultures.

amphihaline adj
amphihalin

amphipodiform more amphipodiform most amphipodiform adj
amphipodiforme

amphiprostyle adj
amphiprostyle
(architecture, chiefly, historical, of a, temple, or, edifice) Having columns at either end but not along the sides.

amphisbaena /æmfɪsˈbiːnə/ amphisbaenas n
amphisbène
(mythological creature) A mythical serpent having a head at each end of its body, able to move in either direction.
A member of a genus of lizards, native to the Americas, having extremities which are very similar.

amphitheatre /ˈæm.fəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/ /ˈæm.pəˌθi.(j)ə.tɚ/ /ˈæmfiˌθiːətə/ /ˈæmfɪˌθiːətə/ /ˈæmfɪˌθɪətə/ amphitheatres n
amphithéâtre
An open, outdoor theatre (which may be a theatre in the round, or have a stage with seating on only one side), especially one from the classical period of ancient Greece or Rome, or a modern venue of similar design.

amphitheatrical more amphitheatrical most amphitheatrical adj
amphithéâtral
Having some of the characteristics of an amphitheatre.

amphitheatricality n
amphithéâtralité

amphocholeretic adj
amphocholérétique

amphogenic adj
amphogène

amphora /æmˈfɔ(ː)ɹə/ /ˈæmfəɹə/ amphorae amphorai amphoras n
amphore
(chiefly, _, historical) A large vessel, especially a thin-necked clay vat used in ancient Greece and Rome for storing and transporting wine and oil.

amphoric adj
amphorique
(medicine) Produced by or indicating a hollow cavity in the lungs, giving a sound like that produced by blowing into an empty decanter.

ample /ˈæm.pəl/ ampler amplest adj
ample
Large; great in size, extent, capacity, or bulk; for example spacious, roomy or widely extended.

amplifiable adj
amplifiable
Capable of being amplified.

amplification /ˌæmplɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ amplifications n
amplification
The act, or result of amplifying, enlarging, extending or adding.
(electronics) Gain.
(organic chemistry) A procedure used in the nomenclature of complex organic compounds in which the superatoms of a basic structure (a phane) are replaced by cyclic structures (amplificants).

amplifier /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ə/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪ.ɚ/ /ˈæm.plə.faɪɹ/ amplifiers n
amplificateur
Anything that amplifies, or makes something larger or more intense.
(electronics) An appliance or circuit that increases the strength of a weak electrical signal without changing the other characteristics of the signal.

amplify /ˈæmp.lɪ.faɪ/ v
amplifier
(transitive) To render larger, more extended, or more intense.
(transitive) To increase the amplitude of something, especially of an electric current.

amplitude /ˈæm.plɪ.tud/ amplitudes n
amplitude
The measure of something's size, especially in terms of width or breadth; largeness, magnitude.
(mathematics) The maximum absolute value of the vertical component of a curve or function, especially one that is periodic.
(physics) The maximum absolute value of some quantity that varies.

amplitude modulation amplitude modulations n
modulation d'amplitude
(radio) A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the intensity (amplitude) of a carrier wave.

amply /ˈæmp.li/ more amply most amply adv
amplement
In an ample manner; extensively; thoroughly.

ampoule /ˈæm.pjuːl/ /ˈæm.puːl/ ampoules n
ampoule
A small hermetically sealed vial, often used to contain a sterile solution suitable for injection.

ampulla of Lorenzini ampullae of Lorenzini n
ampoule de Lorenzini
An electroreceptor found mainly in cartilaginous fish such as sharks and rays, forming a network of jelly-filled canals.

ampulla of Vater ampullae of Vater ampullas of Vater n
ampoule hépatopancréatique
(anatomy) A swelling that marks the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct.

amputate /ˈæmpjʊteɪt/ v
amputer
To surgically remove a part of the body, especially a limb. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

amputation /ˌæmpjʊˈteɪʃən/ amputations n
amputation
surgical removal of all or part of a limb, etc.

amulet /ˈæm.jə.lɪt/ amulets n
amulette
A kind of protective charm or ornament, often bearing magical symbols, worn for protection against ill will, negative influences, or evil spirits.

amurca amurcas n
margine
The sediment in olive oil.

amuse /əˈmjuːz/ v
amuser divertir
(transitive) To entertain or occupy (someone or something) in a pleasant manner; to stir (an individual) with pleasing emotions.
To cause laughter or amusement; to be funny.

amusement /əˈmjuzmənt/ amusements n
amusement
(uncountable) Entertainment.

amusement park amusement parks n
parc d'attractions
A commercially-operated collection of rides, games and other entertainment attractions.

amusia amusias n
amusie
The inability to comprehend or respond to music.

amusing /əˈmjuːzɪŋ/ more amusing most amusing adj
amusant divertissant
Entertaining.
amusant drôle
Funny, hilarious.

amygdala /əˈmɪɡ.də.lə/ amygdalae amygdalas n
amygdale cérébrale
(neuroanatomy) Each one of the two regions of the brain, located as a pair in the medial temporal lobe, believed to play a key role in processing emotions, such as fear and pleasure, in both animals and humans.

amyl /ˈæ.mɪl/ amyls n
amyle
(dated, organic chemistry) Synonym of pentyl

amylase /ˈæmɪleɪs/ amylases n
amylase
(enzyme) Any of a class of digestive enzymes, present in saliva and also contributed to the gut by the exocrine pancreas, that break down complex carbohydrates such as starch into simpler sugars such as glucose.

amyloid more amyloid most amyloid adj
amyloïde
Containing or resembling starch.

amylopectin amylopectins n
amylopectine
(carbohydrate) A highly branched, insoluble form of starch (the soluble form being amylose)

amylose amyloses n
amylose
(carbohydrate) The soluble form of starch (the insoluble form being amylopectin) that is a linear polymer of glucose.

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis n
SLA maladie de Charcot maladie de Lou Gehrig sclérose latérale amyotrophique
(neurology, pathology) A chronic, progressive disease characterized by degeneration of the central nervous system and the loss of voluntary muscle control.

an /ən/ /ˈæn/ [ˈɛən] article
un une
(all article senses).

an angel passes phraseologicalUnit
un ange passe
Used to denote an awkward pause.

an apple a day keeps the doctor away /əˈn‿æpəl‿ə ˈdeɪ ˈkips ðə ˈdɑktɚ əˈweɪ/ /əˈn‿æpəl‿ə ˈdeɪ ˈkiːps ðə ˈdɒktəɹ‿əˈweɪ/ proverb
chaque jour une pomme conserve son homme une pomme chaque matin éloigne le médecin
Apples are healthy and stave off illnesses.

an arm and a leg arms and legs n
coûter la peau des fesses coûter la peau du cul coûter les yeux de la tête
(idiomatic, hyperbole) Usually used after the verb cost, but also often charge, pay, and spend: a very high price for an item or service; an exorbitant price

an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth proverb
œil pour œil, dent pour dent
(idiomatic) compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting of an identical injury on that person.

anabolic /ˌænəˈbɑlɪk/ /ˌænəˈbɒlɪk/ adj
anabolique
Of or relating to anabolism.

anabolism /ə.ˈnæ.bə.ˌlɪ.zəm/ anabolisms n
anabolisme
The constructive metabolism of the body, as distinguished from catabolism.

anachronism /əˈnæ.kɹə.nɪ.z(ə)m/ anachronisms n
anachronisme
A chronological mistake; the erroneous dating of an event, circumstance, or object. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
A person or thing which seems to belong to a different time or period of time. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anachronistic /əˌnæk.ɹəˈnɪs.tɪk/ more anachronistic most anachronistic adj
anachronique
Erroneous in date; containing an anachronism; in a wrong time; not applicable to or not appropriate for the time.
(of a person) Having opinions from the past; preferring things or values of the past; behind the times; overly conservative.

anachronistically /əˌnækɹəˈnɪstɪkli/ more anachronistically most anachronistically adv
anachroniquement
In an anachronistic manner; in the manner of an anachronism.

anaclitic /ænəˈklɪtɪk/ adj
anaclitique
Pertaining to an acute emotional dependence on another person or persons.

anacoenosis n
anacénose

anacoluthon /ænəkəˈluːθɒn/ anacolutha anacoluthons n
anacoluthe
(rhetoric) Intentional use of such a structure.

anaconda /ˌænəˈkɒndə/ anacondas n
anaconda
Any of various large nonvenomous snakes of the genus Eunectes, found mainly in northern South America. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anacrusis /anəˈkɹuːsɪs/ anacruses n
anacrouse
(prosody) An unstressed syllable at the start of a verse.
(music) An unstressed note or notes before the first strong beat (or downbeat) of a phrase.

anadiplosis /ˌænədəˈploʊsɪs/ anadiploses n
anadiplose
(figure of speech) A figure of speech in which a word or phrase used at the end of a clause or expression is repeated near the beginning of the next clause or expression.

anadromous /əˈnad.ɹə.məs/ /əˈnæd.ɹə.məs/ adj
anadrome
(of a migratory fish) That lives in the sea and breeds in fresh water.

anaerobic /ˌænəˈɹoʊbik/ adj
anaérobique
Without oxygen; especially of an environment or organism.

anaglyph anaglyphs n
anaglyphe
A matched pair of images designed to produce a three-dimensional effect when viewed using spectacles that have usually one red and one bluish-green lens, corresponding to the colors of the pairs of images.

anagram /ˈæ.nə.ɡɹæm/ anagrams n
anagramme
(of words) A word or phrase that is created by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase.

anagrammatic more anagrammatic most anagrammatic adj
anagrammatique
Being or relating to an anagram.

anagrammatization anagrammatizations n
anagrammatisation
Transformation of a word into its anagram.

anal /ˈeɪ.nəl/ more anal most anal adj
anal
(not comparable) Of, related to, intended for or involving the anus. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(psychoanalysis) Of the stage in psychosexual development when the child's interest is alleged to be concentrated on the anal region. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anal beads n
chapelet thaï
A sex toy consisting of several small balls attached together in series which are one by one inserted into and removed from the rectum.

anal fin anal fins n
nageoire anale
(ichthyology) A fin located on the underside of a fish behind the anus.

anal sex n
sexe anal sodomie
A sexual activity involving stimulation of a sexual partner's anus or rectum, especially by penetration.

anal sphincter anal sphincters n
sphincter anal
(anatomy) The sphincter (= ring muscle) that surrounds the anus (=anal orifice)

anal stage anal stages n
stade anal

analemma /ˌæn.əˈlɛm.ə/ analemmas analemmata n
analemme
A figure-eight curve that results when the Sun's position in the sky is plotted out over the year at the same hour of mean solar time every day. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

analepsis analepses n
analepse
A form of flashback in which earlier parts of a narrative are related to others that have already been narrated

analeptic /ˌænəˈlɛptɪk/ more analeptic most analeptic adj
analeptique
That restores or stimulates health.

analgesia /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.zi.ə/ /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.ʒi.ə/ /ˌæn.əlˈd͡ʒiː.ʒə/ analgesias n
analgie analgésie
(medicine) The inability to feel pain.

analgesic /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.sɪk/ /ˌæn.l̩ˈd͡ʒiː.zɪk/ analgesics n
analgésique
(pharmacology) Any medicine, such as aspirin, that reduces pain, especially without inducing a loss of other sensation. (Contrast anesthetic.)

anality analities n
analité
(psychoanalysis) The state of being anal.

anallagmatic adj
anallagmatique
(mathematics) Not changed in form by inversion.

anally more anally most anally adv
analement
Involving the anus.

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ adj
analogique
(of a device or system) In which the value of a data item (such as time) is represented by a continuous(ly) variable physical quantity that can be measured (such as the shadow of a sundial).

analog /ˈæ.nə.lɑɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɒɡ/ /ˈæ.nə.lɔɡ/ analogs n
analogue
(chemistry) A structural derivative of a parent compound that differs from it by only one or a few atoms or substituent groups; (usually, especially) such a molecule that retains most of the same chemical properties.

analog clock analog clocks n
horloge analogique
(retronym) A clock that displays the time using hands that move mechanically around its face.

analog stick analog sticks n
stick analogique
(video games) A small potentiometer-based joystick mounted on a game controller.

analogical adj
analogique
Of, pertaining to, based on, or composed of an analogy.

analogically adv
analogiquement
In an analogical manner; in the manner of an analogy.

analogous /əˈnæl.ə.dʒəs/ /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs/ more analogous most analogous adj
analogue
Having analogy, the status of an analogue; corresponding to something else; bearing some resemblance or similar proportion (often followed by "to".)

analogously /əˈnæl.ə.ɡəs.li/ more analogously most analogously adv
analoguement de façon analogue
In an analogous manner; in a manner which evokes analogy.

analogy /əˈnæləd͡ʒi/ analogies n
analogie
A relationship of resemblance or equivalence between two situations, people, or objects, especially when used as a basis for explanation or extrapolation.

analphabet /ænˈælfəbɛt/ /ˌæˈnælfəbɛt/ analphabets n
analphabète
A person who does not know the letters of the alphabet; a partly or wholly illiterate person. [from mid 17th c.]

analysis /æˈnɑ.lə.sɪs/ /əˈnæləsɪs/ /əˈnælɪsɪs/ analyses n
analyse
(countable) Decomposition into components in order to study (a complex thing, concept, theory etc.).
(countable) The result of such a process.
(uncountable, mathematics) A broad field of study in modern mathematics (often mentioned alongside algebra) which developed out of the calculus, concerned with the behavior of functions, sequences, series, limits, metric spaces, measures and more.
(countable, logic) Proof by deduction from known truths.
(countable, chemistry) The process of breaking down a substance into its constituent parts, or the result of this process.

analyst /ˈænəlɪst/ analysts n
analyste
Someone who analyzes.
A financial analyst; a business analyst.
analyste psychanalyste
(psychiatry) A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

analyte analytes n
analyte
(analytical chemistry) Any substance undergoing analysis.

analytic /ˌænəˈlɪtɪk/ more analytic most analytic adj
analytique
Of, or relating to any form of analysis, or to analytics.
Of, or relating to division into elements or principles.
(mathematics) Of, or relating to algebra or a similar method of analysis.
(analysis) Being defined in terms of objects of differential calculus such as derivatives.

analytic geometry n
géométrie analytique
(geometry) The subbranch of geometry that investigates geometrical figures via the mathematical properties of their representations in a coordinate system.

analytically /æn.əˈlɪt.ɪk.əl.li/ more analytically most analytically adv
analytiquement
In an analytical manner.

analyticity n
analyticité
The property of being analytic, especially of being an analytic function.

analytics /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪks/ n
analytique
Discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data.

analyzability analyzabilities n
analysabilité
The ability to be analyzed.

analyzable more analyzable most analyzable adj
analysable
Able to be analyzed.

analyze /ˈæn.lɑɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.laɪz/ /ˈæn.ə.lɑɪz/ [ˈɛən.ə.laɪz] [ˈɛːn.ə.laɪz] v
analyser
(transitive) To examine in such a manner as to ascertain the elements or nature of the thing examined; as, to analyze a fossil substance, to analyze a sentence or a word, or to analyze an action to ascertain its morality.

analyzer analyzers n
analyseur
(US) an instrument for the analysis of something

anamnesis /ˌænæmˈniːsɪs/ anamneses n
anamnèse
The ability to recall past events; recollection.
(medicine) The medical history of a patient.

anamniote anamniotes n
anamniote
Any animal that is not an amniote

anamorphic /ˌænəˈmɔɹfɪk/ /ˌænəˈmɔːfɪk/ adj
anamorphique
Producing various optically distorted images.
(mycology) Of or relating to the anamorph, an asexual stage in the development of certain fungi.

anamorphosis anamorphoses n
anamorphose
A distorted image of an object that may be viewed correctly from a specific angle or with a specific mirror.

ananym ananyms n
ananyme
A pseudonym derived by spelling one's name backwards.

anapest /ˈæ.nə.piːst/ /ˈæ.nə.pɛst/ anapests n
anapeste
(prosody) In qualitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two unstressed and one stressed.
(prosody) In quantitative meter, a metrical foot consisting of three syllables, two short and one long.

anapestic /ˌæ.nə.ˈpiː.stɪk/ more anapestic most anapestic adj
anapestique
of, or relating to, or composed of an anapest.

anaphase /ˈænəˌfeɪz/ anaphases n
anaphase
(cytology) The stage of mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate; the chromatid moving to opposite poles of the cell.

anaphora /ænəˈfɔɹə/ /ənˈæfəɹə/ anaphora anaphoras anaphors n
anaphore
(figure of speech) The repetition of a phrase at the beginning of phrases, sentences, or verses, used for emphasis.
(linguistics) An expression that refers to a preceding expression.

anaphoresis n
anaphorèse
(physics) The movement of electrically charged particles towards an anode.

anaphoric more anaphoric most anaphoric adj
anaphorique
Of, or relating to, an anaphora.

anaphylactic adj
anaphylactique
Pertaining to anaphylaxis.

anaphylactic shock anaphylactic shocks n
choc anaphylactique
A severe and rapid systemic allergic reaction to an allergen, constricting the trachea and causing generalized vasodilation.

anaphylaxis anaphylaxes n
anaphylaxie

anaptyxis /ˌænəpˈtɪksɪs/ anaptyxes n
anaptyxe
(phonetics) The epenthesis (insertion) of a vowel.

anarchic /ænˈɑɹ.kɪk/ /ænˈɑː.kɪk/ /əˈnɑɹ.kɪk/ /əˈnɑː.kɪk/ more anarchic most anarchic adj
anarchique anarchiste
Relating to, supporting, or likely to cause anarchy.

anarchically more anarchically most anarchically adv
anarchiquement
In an anarchic manner; in the manner of anarchy.

anarchism /ˈanəkɪz(ə)m/ /ˈænəɹˌkɪzəm/ /ˈæˌnɑɹˌkɪzəm/ anarchisms n
anarchisme
A political and philosophical belief that all forms of involuntary rule or government are undesirable, unnecessary, or unethical, and as such that society would function without a state.
A belief that proposes the abolition of hierarchy and authority in most forms.

anarchist /ˈæn.ɑɹ.kɪst/ /ˈæn.ə.kɪst/ anarchists n
anarchiste
One who believes in or advocates the absence of hierarchy and authority in most forms (compare anarchism), especially one who works toward the realization of such.

anarchistic /ˌanəˈkɪstɪk/ /ˌænəɹˈkɪstɪk/ more anarchistic most anarchistic adj
anarchiste
Of or relating to anarchism or anarchy.

anarcho-capitalism n
anarcho-capitalisme
(politics, economics) A political and economic philosophy that advocates the elimination of the state and other coercive institutions in favour of individual self-ownership and free market.

anarcho-communism n
anarcho-communisme
(politics, economics) A form of anarchism advocating the abolition of the state and capitalism in favor of a horizontal network of voluntary associations through which people would satisfy their needs.

anarcho-communist adj
anarcho-communiste
(politics, economics) Of, supporting, relating to, or advocating anarcho-communism.

anarcho-communist anarcho-communists n
anarcho-communiste
(politics, economics) A person who advocates anarcho-communism.

anarcho-primitivism n
anarcho-primitivisme
An anarchist philosophy that criticizes civilization and advocates for a return to primitive ways of life instead of agriculture, industry, and urbanization.

anarcho-syndicalism n
anarcho-syndicalisme
A branch or field of anarchism that focuses on the abolition of capitalism through the organization of revolutionary worker syndicates.

anarchy /ˈæn.ɑɹ.ki/ /ˈæn.ə.ki/ [ˈɛən.ɑɹ.ki] anarchies n
anarchie
(countable) A chaotic and confusing absence of any form of political authority or government.

anastigmatic more anastigmatic most anastigmatic adj
anastigmatique
(of the eye, or a lens system) Free from astigmatism

anastomotic more anastomotic most anastomotic adj
anastomotique
Of or pertaining to anastomosis

anastrophe anastrophes n
anastrophe
(rhetoric) Unusual word order, often involving an inversion of the usual pattern of the sentence.

anastylosis n
anastylose
(archaeology) The reassembly of ruined monuments or other artifacts from remaining fragments in an archeologically responsible way (with use of modern materials when needed).

anatase /ˈænəˌteɪs/ /ˈænəˌteɪz/ anatases n
anatase
(mineral) A blue or brown mineral, a form of titanium dioxide, used as a pigment. [from 1802]

anathema /əˈnæθəmə/ anathemas anathemata n
anathème
(ecclesiastical, historical) A ban or curse pronounced with religious solemnity by ecclesiastical authority, often accompanied by excommunication; something denounced as accursed. [from early 17th c.]

anathematic adj
anathématique
Having the characteristic of anathema.

anathematism anathematisms n
anathématisme
A formula of words used to cast anathema upon heretics etc

anatid anatids n
anatidé
(zoology) Any member of the family Anatidae of ducks and close relatives.

anational adj
anational anationale
(rare) Not national

anatomical /æn.ə.ˈtɒm.ɪ.kəl/ /æn.ə.ˈtɔm.ɪ.kəl/ /æn.əˈtɑ.mɪ.kəl/ adj
anatomique
Of or relating to anatomy or dissection.

anatomical snuffbox anatomical snuffboxes n
tabatière anatomique
(anatomy) A triangular deepening on the radial, dorsal aspect of the hand, bounded by extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis.

anatomically adv
anatomiquement
Pertaining to the anatomy.

anatomy /əˈnæt.ə.mi/ anatomies n
anatomie
The art of studying the different parts of any organized body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy.

anatoxin anatoxins n
anatoxine
A bacterial toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been weakened or suppressed
A powerful neurotoxin, one of many toxins produced by several species of cyanobacterium.

anatta anattas n
anâtman anātman
(Buddhism) The idea that there is no separate self or soul; egolessness. One of the three marks of existence.

ancestor /ˈæn.sɛs.tə/ /ˈæn.sɛs.tɚ/ ancestors n
ancêtre
One from whom a person is descended, whether on the father's or mother's side, at any distance of time; a progenitor; a forefather.

ancestral /ænˈsɛs.təɹ.əl/ /ænˈsɛs.tɹəl/ adj
ancestral
Of, pertaining to, derived from, or possessed by, an ancestor or ancestors

ancestry /ˈæn.sɛs.tɹi/ ancestries n
ascendance
birth to a noble or high-ranking family, or to someone of honorable descent.

anchor /ˈæŋ.kə/ /ˈæŋ.kɚ/ anchors n
ancre
(nautical) A tool used to moor a vessel to the bottom of a sea or river to resist movement.
Any instrument serving a purpose like that of a ship's anchor, such as an arrangement of timber to hold a dam fast; a device to hold the end of a bridge cable etc.; or a device used in metalworking to hold the core of a mould in place.
présentateur speaker
(television) An anchorman or anchorwoman.

anchor /ˈæŋ.kə/ /ˈæŋ.kɚ/ v
ancrer
To connect an object, especially a ship or a boat, to a fixed point.

anchor's aweigh interjection
larguez les amarres
(nautical) Response to order to weigh anchor when the anchor has been tripped and is no longer attached to the bottom.

anchorage /ˈæŋkəɹɪd͡ʒ/ anchorages n
ancrage
(nautical) A fee charged for anchoring.
The act of anchoring, or the condition of lying at anchor.

anchorite anchorites n
anachorète
One who lives in isolation or seclusion, especially for religious reasons; hermit.

anchorwoman anchorwomen n
présentatrice speakerine
A female anchorperson.

anchovy /ænˈt͡ʃoʊ.vi/ /ænˈt͡ʃəʊ.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃə.vi/ /ˈæn.t͡ʃəʊ.vi/ anchovies n
anchois
Any small saltwater fish of the Engraulidae family, consisting of 160 species in 16 genera, of which the genus Engraulis is widely sold as food.

ancient /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/ ancienter ancientest more ancient most ancient adj
ancien antique
Having lasted from a remote period; having been of long duration; of great age, very old.
ancien
Existent or occurring in time long past, usually in remote ages; belonging to or associated with antiquity; old, as opposed to modern.
(history) Relating to antiquity as a primarily European historical period; the time before the Middle Ages.

ancient Near Eastern more ancient Near Eastern most ancient Near Eastern adj
proche-oriental ancien
Of or pertaining to the Ancient Near East.

ancient Roman more ancient Roman most ancient Roman adj
romain antique
Of or relating to Ancient Rome.

ancient astronaut ancient astronauts n
ancien astronaute
Any of the extraterrestrial beings that, according to the pseudoscientific belief of paleocontact, visited Earth in the distant past, influencing human culture, technology, or religion.

ancient grain ancient grains n
grain ancien
A grain or pseudocereal purported to be minimally changed by selective breeding over recent millennia (often used in plural and in the context of marketing)

ancient history n
Antiquité
A period of history generally seen as occurring before the Middle Ages, that is, before the fall of the Roman Empire. Includes Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome.
histoire ancienne
(idiomatic) That which happened a long time ago and not worth discussing any more.

ancientness ancientnesses n
ancienneté
The state or quality of being ancient.

ancillary /ænˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈæns.əˌlɛɹ.iː/ more ancillary most ancillary adj
ancillaire auxiliaire secondaire subordonné
Subordinate; secondary; auxiliary.

ancillary /ænˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈæns.əˌlɛɹ.iː/ ancillaries n
accessoire aide à la personne boy domestique employé de maison serviteur
Something that serves an ancillary function, such as an easel for a painter.
aide à la personne boy domestique employé de maison serviteur
(archaic) An auxiliary.

and /n̩/ /n̩d/ /æn/ /ænd/ /ən/ /ənd/ /ɛn/ /ɛnd/ conjunction
et et puis
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]
(now, colloquial, or, literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.

and a partridge in a pear tree /ænd ə ˈpɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ ən ə ˌpɛɚ ˈtɹi/ /ænd ə ˈpɑːtɹɪd͡ʒ ɪn ə ˌpɛə ˈtɹiː/ phraseologicalUnit
alouette
(humorous) Used at the end of a list of items to emphasize its length. [from 20th c.]

and all phraseologicalUnit
et ainsi de suite et cætera et tout et tout et tout et tout le reste
(idiomatic) Including every object, attribute, or process associated with preceding item or series of items.
et tout le tremblement tout ça
(idiomatic, informal) Used to suggest certain unstated relevant implications or what has been stated.

and change phraseologicalUnit
et des et des broquilles et des brouettes et des poussières
(idiomatic) and some quantity, but less than the increment to the next round number.

and how /ˈænd ˈhaʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
assurément et comment un peu mon neveu
(idiomatic) Used to strongly confirm the preceding utterance.

and so forth phraseologicalUnit
et ainsi de suite et cetera et tout et tout etc.
(idiomatic) Indicates that a list continues in a similar manner.

and the like phraseologicalUnit
et ainsi de suite et compagnie et patin-couffin et tout le tintouin
(idiomatic, informal) And other similar items; et cetera.

and then some phraseologicalUnit
c'est rien de le dire et pas qu'un peu
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to confirm preceding utterance, while implying that what was said or asked is an understatement

and whatnot phraseologicalUnit
et compagnie et tout le bataclan et tout le toutim et tutti quanti
(idiomatic) And so on; et cetera

and/or /ˈændɔː(ɹ)/ conjunction
et/ou
Joins two alternatives to mean either or both; indicates that inclusive or is meant where or alone might be taken to mean exclusive or.

andalusite andalusites n
andalousite
(mineral) An aluminium nesosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5.

andesite /ˈæn.dəˌsaɪt/ /ˈæn.dɪˌsaɪt/ andesites n
andésite
(geology) Any of a class of fine-grained intermediate igneous rock, of volcanic origin, containing mostly plagioclase feldspar.

andiron /ˈændaɪə(ɹ)n/ andirons n
chenet
(usually, in plural) A utensil for supporting wood when burning in a fireplace, one being placed on each side

andragogic adj
andragogique
Relating to andragogy.

andragogy /ˈan.dɹə.ɡɒ.dʒi/ /ˈan.dɹə.ɡɒ.ɡi/ n
andragogie
The methods or techniques used to teach adults; adult education. [from 20th c.]

andrewsarchus andrewsarchuses n
andrewsarchus
An extinct mammal, of genus †Andrewsarchus, from the Eocene epoch.

andro adj
andro

androcephalous adj
androcéphale
Having a human head (upon an animal's body), like the Egyptian sphinx.

androcracy androcracies n
androcratie
(government, sociology) Government or rule by men.

androdynamic adj
androdyname

androecium androecia n
androcée
(botany) The set of a flower's stamens.

androgen androgens n
androgène
(steroid hormone) Any natural or synthetic compound, usually a steroid hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics in vertebrates. A male sex hormone such as testosterone or anabolic steroids.

androgenic more androgenic most androgenic adj
androgénique
(steroid) Of, relating to, or being an androgen.

androgenism n
androgénisme
The presence of androgens in the body

androgenous /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒ.ən.əs/ more androgenous most androgenous adj
androgène

androgyne /ˈæn.dɹə.d͡ʒaɪn/ androgynes n
androgyne
A person who is androgynous. [from mid-16th c.]
An androgynous plant.

androgynous /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒ.ən.əs/ /ænˈdɹɒd͡ʒ.ɪn.əs/ more androgynous most androgynous adj
androgyne asexué
Pertaining to a feature or characteristic that is not definitively of either sex.
androgyne hermaphrodite
Possessing qualities of both sexes.

androgyny /ænˈdɹɑd͡ʒəni/ /ænˈdɹɒdʒəni/ androgynies n
androgynie
Hermaphroditism.
The state of having traits of both male and female genders. [from the mid 19th century]
The state of appearing to be neither feminine nor masculine.

android /ˈænˌdɹɔɪd/ more android most android adj
androïde
Possessing human qualities.

android /ˈænˌdɹɔɪd/ androids n
androïde
A robot that is designed to look and act like a human being (not necessarily a male one).

andrologist andrologists n
andrologue
(medicine) A person who studies andrology.

andrology n
andrologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine concerned with male diseases, especially those affecting the male reproductive system.

andropause n
andropause
(medicine, endocrinology) The male equivalent of the menopause in women; characterized by a decline in libido and overall energy.

androphobe n
androphobe
One who hates or is averse to men.

androphobia n
androphobie
Fear of or aversion to men or boys.

androsphinx /ˈændɹəsˌfɪŋks/ androsphinges androsphinxes n
androsphinx
A sphinx with the head of a man.

anecdotal /ˌænɪkˈdoʊtl̩/ more anecdotal most anecdotal adj
anecdotique
Of the nature of or relating to an anecdote.

anecdotally more anecdotally most anecdotally adv
anecdotiquement
In an anecdotal manner; by means of a recounted incident.

anecdote /ˈæ.nɪk.doʊt/ anecdotes n
anecdote
An account which supports an argument, but which is not supported by scientific or statistical analysis.
A previously untold secret account of an incident.

anecdotist anecdotists n
anecdotier anecdotiste anecdotière
One who relates anecdotes.

anecic adj
anécique
(of earthworms) Building deep vertical burrows and surfacing to feed.

anecumene n
érème
All the uninhabited parts of the world

anelace /ˈæ.nəˌleɪs/ anelaces n
anelace
(historical) A medieval long dagger.

anemia /əˈnimi.ə/ anemiae anemias anemiæ n
anémie
(American spelling, uncountable, pathology) A medical condition in which the capacity of the blood to transport oxygen to the tissues is reduced, either because of too few red blood cells, or because of too little hemoglobin, resulting in pallor and fatigue.

anemic /ʌˈni.mɪk/ more anemic most anemic adj
anémique
Of, pertaining to, or suffering from anemia.

anemograph anemographs n
anémographe
(obsolete, or, historical) An anemometer that makes a graphical recording.

anemometer /ænɪˈmɑmətɚ/ /ænɪˈmɒmətə/ /ænɪˈmɒmɪtə/ anemometers n
anémomètre
(meteorology) An instrument for measuring and recording the speed of the wind, a windmeter.

anemometric adj
anémométrique
Of or relating to anemometry.

anemone /əˈnɛm.ə.ni/ /əˈnɛn.ə.mi/ anemones n
anémone
Any plant of the genus Anemone, of the Ranunculaceae (or buttercup) family, such as the windflower.

anemonin n
anémonine
(organic compound) An acrid toxic substance obtained from some species of anemone.

anemoscope anemoscopes n
anémoscope
An instrument that shows the direction of the wind; a wind vane; a weathercock; usually applied to a contrivance consisting of a vane above, connected in the building with a dial or index with pointers to show the changes of the wind.

anepigraphic adj
anépigraphe
Without a legend or inscription (on artifacts, coins, etc.)

aneroid /ˈænəɹɔɪd/ adj
anéroïde
Not using or containing fluid

aneroid barometer aneroid barometers n
anéroïde
A barometer in which variations in pressure are measured using a partially evacuated capsule whose sides move in and out.

anesthesia /ˌæn.əsˈti.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌæn.əsˈθiːz.i.ə/ anesthesias n
anesthésie anæsthésie
(medicine, American spelling, Canadian spelling) An artificial method of preventing sensation, used to eliminate pain without causing loss of vital functions, by the administration of one or more agents which block pain impulses before transmitted to the brain.

anesthesiologist anesthesiologists n
anesthésiste anesthésiologue
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) A physician who specializes in anesthesiology and administers anesthesia.

anesthesiology n
anesthésiologie
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) The science of administering anesthetics.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ more anesthetic most anesthetic adj
anesthésique
Causing anesthesia; reducing pain sensitivity.

anesthetic /ˌænəsˈtɛtɪk/ /ˌænəsˈθɛtɪk/ anesthetics n
anesthésie
(American spelling, medicine) A substance administered to reduce the perception of pain or to induce numbness for surgery and may render the recipient unconscious.

anesthetist anesthetists n
anesthésiste
(American spelling, Canadian spelling, medicine) One who gives an anesthetic.

anesthetization anesthetizations n
anesthésation anesthésie
The administration of anesthesia.

anesthetize /æˈniːs.θə.taɪz/ /əˈniːs.θə.taɪz/ /əˈnɛs.θə.taɪz/ /əˈnɛs.θɪ.taɪz/ v
anesthésier
(transitive) To administer anesthesia to: to render unfeeling or unconscious through the use of narcotic substances, usually either alcohol or pharmaceutical drugs.

anestrus anestri n
anœstrus
In some female animals, a spell of sexual respite in between breeding periods.

anethical adj
anéthique

aneugenic more aneugenic most aneugenic adj
aneugène
That induces aneuploidy.

aneurysm /ˈan.jʊɹ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈæn.jəɹ.ɪz.əm/ aneurysms n
anévrisme anévrysme
(pathology) An abnormal blood-filled swelling of an artery or vein, resulting from a localized weakness in the wall of the vessel.

anew /əˈnjuː/ /əˈnu/ adv
à nouveau derechef
(literary, poetic, _, or, _, formal) Again, once more; afresh, in a new way, newly.

angel /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈeɪn.d͡ʒɛl/ /ˈæn.d͡ʒəl/ angels n
ange
An incorporeal and sometimes divine messenger from a deity, or other divine entity, often depicted in art as a youthful winged figure in flowing robes.
(Abrahamic tradition) One of the lowest order of such beings, below virtues.
A person having the qualities attributed to angels, such as purity or selflessness.

angel hair n
capelli d'angelo capellini cheveux d'ange
A type of pasta, thinner than spaghetti or vermicelli.

angel investor angel investors n
investisseur providentiel
(business) An investor to a start-up, especially one who invests very early or during the company's initial forming.

angel maker angel makers n
faiseur d'anges faiseuse d'anges
(historical, euphemism) An illicit abortionist.

angel of death angels of death n
ange de la mort
A personification of death in fiction, art, mythology, or religion.

angel shark angel sharks n
squatine
A member of the unusual genus Squatina of sharks with flattened bodies and broad pectoral fins resembling skates or rays. There are approximately 16 known species, which are the only members of their taxonomic genus, family and order. They occur worldwide in temperate and tropical seas.

angel wings n
bugne merveille oreillette
A sweet, crisp pastry in the form of twisted ribbons dusted with confectioner's sugar.

angelic /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪk/ more angelic most angelic adj
angélique
Belonging to, or proceeding from, angels; resembling, characteristic of, or partaking of the nature of, an angel.

angelica angelicas n
angélique
A tall plant, with hollow stems, genus Angelica, especially garden angelica (Angelica archangelica).
Candied stems of the plant, used to decorate cookies.

angelically /ænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkli/ more angelically most angelically adv
angéliquement
In an angelic manner.

angelism n
angélisme
A doctrine that regards humans as angelic.

angelist angelists n
angéliste
A proponent of angelism

angelology angelologies n
angélologie
The study of angels. Angels have been grouped into nine categories or “choirs,” from lowest to highest: angel, virtue, archangel, power, principality, dominion, throne, cherub, and seraph.

angels dancing on the head of a pin n
le sexe des anges querelle byzantine sexe des anges
(metaphor) The subject of arcane intellectual speculation; used as an example of a subject of enquiry in which the pursuit is of no value.

angels' share angels' shares n
part des anges
(oenology) The portion of a wine or distilled spirit's volume that is lost to evaporation during aging.

anger /ˈæŋɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋɡɚ/ angers n
colère rage courroux fureur ire
A strong feeling of displeasure, hostility, or antagonism towards someone or something, usually combined with an urge to harm, often stemming from perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.

anger /ˈæŋɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋɡɚ/ v
fâcher mettre en colère encolérer
(transitive) To cause such a feeling of antagonism in.
se mettre en colère
(intransitive) To become angry.

angina pectoris /ænˈdʒaɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ /ˈændʒɪnə ˈpɛktəˌɹɪs/ n
angine de poitrine
(cardiology, disease) Intermittent crushing chest pain caused by reversible myocardial ischemia.

angio- prefix
angio-
vessel#Noun; relating to blood vessels, lymph vessels, or both.

angiogenesis /andʒɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/ angiogeneses n
angiogenèse
(medicine, zoology) The formation and development of new blood vessels.

angiogenic adj
angiogénétique
Relating to angiogenesis

angioma angiomas angiomata n
angiome
(medicine) A benign tumor made up of small blood vessels or lymph vessels.

angioneurotic adj
angionévrotique
(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or affecting blood vessels and nerves

angioplasty /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əʊ.plæs.ti/ angioplasties n
angioplastie
(surgery) The mechanical widening of a narrowed or totally obstructed blood vessel generally caused by atheroma.

angioscope angioscopes n
angioscope
An instrument for examining the capillary vessels of animals and plants.

angiosperm /ˈæn.d͡ʒi.əˌspɝm/ angiosperms n
angiosperme
(botany) Any plant of the clade Angiosperms, characterized by having ovules enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant.

angiotenic /ˌænd͡ʒioʊˈtɛnɪk/ more angiotenic most angiotenic adj
angioténique
(pathology) That is thought to stretch the blood vessels

angle /ˈæŋ.ɡəl/ angles n
angle
(geometry) A figure formed by two rays which start from a common point (a plane angle) or by three planes that intersect (a solid angle).
(geometry) The measure of such a figure. In the case of a plane angle, this is the ratio (or proportional to the ratio) of the arc length to the radius of a section of a circle cut by the two rays, centered at their common point. In the case of a solid angle, this is the ratio of the surface area to the square of the radius of the section of a sphere.
angle coin
A corner where two walls intersect.
angle point de vue
A viewpoint; a way of looking at something.

angle bracket angle brackets n
chevron
Any of a number of angle-shaped brackets.

angle grinder angle grinders n
disqueuse meuleuse meuleuse d'angle
A usually hand-held grinder which uses a pair of internal gears to place the rotational axis of the grinding or cutting wheel perpendicular to that of the driving motor.

angle of attack angles of attack n
incidence
(aeronautics) The angle between the chord line of an airfoil and the airflow over it; one of the determiners of the amount of lift produced by an airfoil.

angle of incidence angles of incidence n
angle d'incidence
(optics, physics) The angle that a straight line, ray of light, etc., meeting a surface, makes with a normal to the surface at the point of meeting.
calage
(aeronautics) The angle, usually fixed, between the chord line of a wing or horizontal stabilizer and the axis of the fuselage, measured at the root.

angler /ˈæŋ.ɡlə(ɹ)/ /ˈæŋ.ɡlɚ/ anglers n
pêcheur à la ligne
A person who fishes with a hook and line.

anglerfish /ˈæŋɡləˌfɪʃ/ /ˈæŋɡlɚˌfɪʃ/ anglerfish anglerfishes n
baudroie
Any fish of the bony fish order Lophiiformes, which have an outgrowth they wiggle to lure and catch their prey.

anglicisation /ˌæŋ.ɡlɪ.saɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæŋ.ɡlɪ.səˈzeɪ.ʃən/ anglicisations n
anglicisation
The process by which something or someone (usually a word) is made more English. Usually applied to language or culture.

anglicise /ˈæŋɡlɪsaɪz/ v
angliciser
(transitive) To make English, as to customs, culture, pronunciation, spelling, or style.
(intransitive) To become English.

anglicised /ˈæŋ.lɪ.saɪzd/ more anglicised most anglicised adj
anglicisé
Made into a form similar to that used by the English.

anglicism /ˈæŋɡləˌsɪzəm/ anglicisms n
anglicisme
An Englishism: a word or other feature originating in the English language that has been borrowed by another language.

angora /æŋˈɡɔːɹə/ angoras n
lapin angora
A rabbit belonging to the Angora rabbit breed, one of the oldest domestic breeds of rabbits in the world, raised chiefly in Europe for its silky and long hair (a subspecies of the European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus).

angry /ˈæŋ.ɡɹi/ angrier angriest more angry most angry adj
fâché en colère furieux énervé
Displaying or feeling anger.

angst /æŋ(k)st/ n
angoisse
Emotional turmoil; painful sadness.
angoisse existentielle
A feeling of acute but vague anxiety or apprehension often accompanied by depression, especially philosophical anxiety.

angstrom /ˈæŋstɹəm/ /ˈæŋstɹʌm/ /ˈɔŋstɹəm/ angstroms n
ångström aangström angström
(physics) A unit of length equal to 10−10 meters (that is, one ten-billionth of a meter), approximately the size of an atom, and denoted by the symbol Å, used especially to measure the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation or distances between atoms.

anguilliform adj
anguilliforme
Shaped like an eel.

anguiped anguipeds n
anguipède
A mythological creature that had serpents in place of legs

anguish /ˈæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ anguishes n
affres de la mort angoisse de la mort calvaire croix
Extreme pain, either of body or mind; excruciating distress.

angular /-lɑɹ/ /ˈæŋ.ɡju.lɚ/ more angular most angular adj
angulaire anguleux
Having an angle or angles; forming an angle or corner.
anguleux
(figuratively) Sharp and stiff in character.

angular acceleration angular accelerations n
accélération angulaire
(classical mechanics) The rate of change of angular velocity, often represented by α.

angular mil angular mils n
millième
(military) A unit of angular measurement equal to 1/6400 of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (~0,98 m). Also 1/6000 and 1/6300 are used in other countries.

angular momentum angular momenta n
moment angulaire
(physics) The vector product that describes the rotary inertia of a system about an axis and is conserved in a closed system. For an isolated rigid body, it is a measure of the extent to which an object will continue to rotate in the absence of an applied torque.

angular velocity angular velocities n
vitesse angulaire
(mathematics, physics) The angle turned, per unit time, by a body rotating about an axis; the rate of rotation through an angle.

anhedonia /ˌan.hɪˈdəʊ.nɪə/ /ˌæn.hiˈdoʊ.ni.ə/ anhedonias n
anhédonie
(symptom, psychiatry) The inability to feel pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable, such as exercise, hobbies, music, sexual activities or social interactions.

anhelation /ænhɪˈleɪʃn̩/ /ˌænhəˈleɪʃən/ anhelations n
anhélation
(uncountable, pulmonology, archaic) Breathing difficulty, shortness of breath.

anhinga anhingas n
anhinga d'Amérique
(zoology) A fish-eating bird (Anhinga anhinga) of North America with a thin, pointed bill and a long, thin neck.

anhistous adj
anhiste
(biology) Without definite structure.

anhydrase anhydrases n
anhydrase
(chemistry) An enzyme that catalyzes the removal of water from a material.

anhydride anhydrides n
anhydride
(chemistry) Any compound formally derived from another (or from others) by the loss of a water molecule, especially acid anhydrides.

anhydrite anhydrites n
anhydrite
(mineral) An evaporite mineral made of anhydrous calcium sulfate.

anhydrobiosis n
anhydrobiose
A form of cryptobiosis that occurs in situations of extreme desiccation.

anhydrous more anhydrous most anhydrous adj
anhydre
Having little or no water.
(chemistry) Having no water of crystallization.

anhygroscopic more anhygroscopic most anhygroscopic adj
tendance à rester sèche ou anhydre
(physics, chemistry) (of a substance) Tending to remain dry or anhydrous.

aniconism /ænˈaɪkənɪzəm/ n
aniconisme
A prohibition against artists depicting religious figures such as divinities, prophets, or anything that can be worshiped.

aniline anilines n
aniline
(organic compound) The simplest aromatic amine, C6H5NH2, synthesized by the reduction of nitrobenzene; it is a colourless oily basic poisonous liquid used in the manufacture of dyes and pharmaceuticals.

anilingus /ˌeɪnɪˈlɪŋɡəs/ n
anilinctus anulingus
The stimulation of the anus using the tongue and lips.

anilism n
anilisme
aniline poisoning

animacy animacies n
animacité animéité
(biology) The state of being alive.

animadversion /ˌænɪmædˈvɜːʒən/ /ˌænɪmædˈvɝːʃən/ /ˌænɪmædˈvɝːʒən / animadversions n
blâme critique reprobation
(countable) A criticism, a critical remark.

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ adj
animal
Of or relating to animals.
Raw, base, unhindered by social codes.

animal /ˈæn.ə.məl/ /ˈæn.ɪ.məl/ animals n
animal bête
(science) Any eukaryote of the clade Animalia; a multicellular organism that is usually mobile, whose cells are not encased in a rigid cell wall (distinguishing it from plants and fungi) and which derives energy solely from the consumption of other organisms (distinguishing it from plants).
(loosely) Any member of the kingdom Animalia other than a human.
bête animal
(figuratively) A person who behaves wildly; a bestial, brutal, brutish, cruel, or inhuman person.

animal feed animal feeds n
alimentation animale
Material, of an animal or most often vegetable origin, prepared (especially industrially) as feed for domestic or farm animals.

animal husbandry animal husbandries n
élevage
The management and care of farm animals by humans for profit, in which genetic qualities and behaviour, considered to be advantageous to humans, are further developed.

animal kingdom n
règne animal
(biology) The regnum Animalia; the set of all animals.

animal magnetism n
magnétisme animal
(mesmerism) A magnetic fluid or ethereal medium said to reside in the bodies of animate beings.

animal rights n
droits des animaux
Certain fundamental rights that animals are entitled to, such as the right to be spared undue suffering.

animalcule /ænɪˈmælkjuːl/ /ˌænəˈmælˌkjul/ animalcules n
animalcule
(zoology, archaic) A microscopic aquatic animal, including protozoa and rotifers. [from 17th c.]

animalculist /anɪˈmalkjʊlɪst/ animalculists n
animalculiste

animality animalities n
animalité
Any characteristic of animality.

animaloid adj
animaloïde

animate /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ə.mət/ /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/ more animate most animate adj
animé
(grammar) Inflected to agree with an animate noun or pronoun.

animate /ˈæn.ə.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ə.mət/ /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪt/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mət/ v
animer
(transitive) To impart motion or the appearance of motion to.
(transitive) To give spirit or vigour to; to stimulate or enliven; to inspirit.

animated /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ.tɪd/ more animated most animated adj
animé
Endowed with life.

animated cartoon animated cartoons n
dessin animé
Any of several types of film / movie, the frames of which are drawn by hand in order to give a sense of movement when projected in rapid sequence.

animation /æn.əˈmeɪ.ʃən/ animations n
animation invigoration
The act of animating, or giving life or spirit.
(animation, in the sense of a cartoon) A sequence of still drawings or inanimate objects displayed in rapid succession to create the illusion of movement in motion pictures or computer graphics; the object (film, computer game, etc.) produced
animation
(linguistics) conversion from the inanimate to animate grammatical category

animator /ˈænɪˌmeɪtə(ɹ)/ animators n
animateur animatrice
One who animates something; one who brings something to life or the appearance of life.
One who creates an animation or cartoon; a cartoonist.

anime /ˈæn.ɪ.meɪ/ /ˈæn.ɪ.mə/ anime animes n
animé anime
(uncountable) An artistic style originating in, and associated with, Japanese animation, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of animated works from other countries.
(countable) An animated work that originated in Japan, regardless of the artistic style.

animism /ˈænɪmɪzəm/ animisms n
animisme
A belief that spirits inhabit some or all classes of natural objects or phenomena.

animist animists n
animiste
A believer in animism.

animosity /æn.əˈmɑs.ɪ.ti/ animosities n
animosité
Violent hatred leading to active opposition; active enmity; energetic dislike.

anion /ˈænˌaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ɒn/ /ˈænˌaɪ.ən/ anions n
anion
A negatively charged ion.

anionic more anionic most anionic adj
anionique
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to an anion.

anionicity n
anionicité
The quality of being anionic.

anise /æˈnis/ /əˈnis/ /əˈniːz/ /ˈæn.ɪs/ anises n
anis
An umbelliferous plant (Pimpinella anisum) growing naturally in Egypt, and cultivated in Spain, Malta, etc., for its carminative and aromatic seeds, which are used as a spice. It has a licorice scent.

aniseed /ˈæ.nɪ.sid/ aniseeds n
graine d'anis
(countable, and, uncountable) The seed-like fruit of the anise, used in baking and in the flavouring of liqueurs such as ouzo.

aniso- /əˌnaɪsə(ʊ)/ prefix
aniso-
unequal; not the same; not the selfsame: forming compounds words; often formed to contrast with similar words in iso-).

anisocoria /-ˈkoʊɹ-/ /ænˌaɪsəˈkɔɹ i ə/ /ˌænaɪ-/ n
anisocorie
(pathology) A condition characterized by unequal size of the pupils of the eye.

anisodont adj
anisodonte

anisomorphism anisomorphisms n
anisomorphisme
(linguistics, lexicography) The absence of an exact correspondence between words etc. in two different languages; the differences between two given languages that create mismatches in a translation dictionary.

anisotomous adj
anisotome

anisotropic more anisotropic most anisotropic adj
anisotrope
(physics, mathematics) Having properties that differ according to the direction of measurement; exhibiting anisotropy.

anisotropy anisotropies n
anisotropie
The property of being directionally dependent.

ankerite /ˈɑŋkɚˌaɪt/ ankerites n
ankérite
(mineral) Any of a group of mixed carbonate minerals, principally of calcium with iron, magnesium and manganese.

ankh /æŋk/ /ɑŋk/ /ɑːŋk/ ankhs n
ankh ânkh
A cross shaped like a T with a loop at the top, the Egyptian hieroglyph representing the Egyptian triliteral ꜥnḫ and often used as an amulet or charm for this concept.

ankle /ˈæŋ.kəl/ ankles n
cheville
The skeletal joint which connects the foot with the leg; the uppermost portion of the foot and lowermost portion of the leg, which contain this skeletal joint.

ankle boot ankle boots n
bottine
(clothing) A boot that rises up to the ankle

ankle monitor ankle monitors n
bracelet électronique
A device that individuals under house arrest or parole are often required to wear to track their location. It is attached to the person's ankle.

anklebone /ˈaŋk(ə)lbəʊn/ anklebones n
astragale os astragale talus
The bone of the ankle, forming the lower part of the ankle joint and joining with the tibia and fibula.

anklet anklets n
bracelet de cheville chaîne de cheville jambelet
A piece of jewelry/jewellery, resembling a bracelet but worn around the ankle.

ankylosaurus /ˌæŋkəloʊˈsɔːrəs/ ankylosauri ankylosauruses n
ankylosaure
A large herbivorous dinosaur, of genus Ankylosaurus, that lived in the Cretaceous period, noted for its heavy armor and club-like tail.

ankylose v
ankyloser
(transitive, pathology) To cause bony structures to fuse or stiffen as a result of ankylosis.

ankylosing spondylitis n
spondylarthrite ankylosante
(disease) A particular arthritis disease that affects usually the joints between vertebrae and the sacroiliac joint.

ankylosis ankyloses n
ankylose
(anatomy) The growing together of bones to form a single unit.

annalist /ˈænəlɪst/ annalists n
annaliste
A writer of annals; a chronicler; a historian.

annals /ˈæn.əlz/ n
annales
A relation of events in chronological order, each event being recorded under the year in which it happened.
Historical records; chronicles; history.
A periodic publication, containing records of discoveries, transactions of societies, etc.

annatto annattos n
rocou rocouyer roucou
(countable) A tropical American evergreen shrub, Bixa orellana; the lipstick tree; the fruit of the tree.
rocou roucou
(uncountable) A fugitive orange-red dye obtained from this seed and fruit pulp through maceration and fermentation, used as textile dye and skin dye, containing bixin.

anneal /əˈniːl/ v
recuire
(metallurgy) To subject to great heat and then (often slow) cooling, and sometimes reheating and further cooling, for the purpose of rendering less brittle; to temper; to toughen.

annealing annealings n
recuit
The heating of solid metal or glass to high temperatures and cooling it slowly so that its particles arrange into a defined lattice to remove residual stress.

annelid annelids n
annélide annélidé
Any of various wormlike animals, of the phylum Annelida, having a segmented body; they include the earthworm and the leech.

annex /əˈnɛks/ /ˈænɛks/ annexes n
annexe
An addition, an extension.
An addition or extension to a building.

annex /əˈnɛks/ /ˈænɛks/ v
annexer
To add something to another thing, especially territory; to incorporate.

annexation annexations n
annexion
Addition or incorporation of something, or territories that have been annexed.

annexationism n
annexionisme
The tendency or policy of annexing (appropriating) additional territories.

annihilate /əˈnaɪə.leɪt/ v
annihiler anéantir réduire à néant
To reduce to nothing, to destroy, to eradicate.

annihilation /əˌnaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ annihilations n
annihilation
The act of destroying or otherwise turning into nothing, or nonexistence.
(physics) The process of a particle and its corresponding antiparticle combining to produce energy.

anniversary /ˌænəˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɜːs(ə)ɹi/ /ˌænɪˈvɝs(ə)ɹi/ anniversaries n
anniversaire
A day that is an exact number of years (to the day) since a given significant event occurred. Often preceded by an ordinal number indicating the number of years.
anniversaire de mariage
(especially) Such a day that commemorates a wedding.

annotate /ˈanəteɪt/ v
annoter
(transitive) To add annotation to.

annotation /ˈænəteɪʃən/ annotations n
annotation
A critical or explanatory commentary or analysis.
A comment added to a text.
The process of writing such comment or commentary.
(genetics) Information relating to the genetic structure of sequences of bases.
commentaire
(computing) Metadata added to a document or program.

announce /əˈnaʊn(t)s/ /əˈnaʊns/ /ˈæ.naʊns/ v
annoncer
(transitive) To give public notice of, especially for the first time; to make known.
(transitive) To pronounce; to declare by judicial sentence.

announcement /əˈnaʊns.mɛnt/ announcements n
annoncement annonce
An act of announcing, or giving notice.
annonce
That which conveys what is announced.
The content which is announced.

announcer /əˈnaʊnsə/ /əˈnaʊnsɚ/ announcers n
présentateur speaker annonceur speakerine annonceuse présentatrice
One who makes announcements.

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ annoys n
ennui
(literary, archaic) A feeling of discomfort or vexation caused by what one dislikes.

annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ v
embêter ennuyer gêner agacer asticoter
(transitive) To disturb or irritate, especially by continued or repeated acts; to bother with unpleasant deeds.

annoyance /əˈnɔɪəns/ annoyances n
agacement désagrément irritation
ennui nuisance
(countable) That which annoys.
(countable) An act or instance of annoying.
(uncountable) The psychological state of being annoyed or irritated.

annoyed /əˈnɔɪd/ more annoyed most annoyed adj
fâché contrarié vexé
Troubled, irritated by something unwanted or unliked (an annoyance); vexed.

annoying /əˈnɔɪ.ɪŋ/ v
ennuyeux irritant ennuyant agaçant énervant
causing irritation or annoyance; troublesome; vexatious

annual /ˈæn(j)ɪu̯.əl/ /ˈæn.ju.əl/ /ˈæn.jəl/ adj
annuel
Of, for, or relating to a whole year, often as a recurring cycle; determined or reckoned by the year; accumulating in the course of a year; performed, executed, or completed over the course of a year. See also circannual.

annual accounts n
comptes annuels
(accounting) The complete accounting record for a fiscal year.

annual general meeting annual general meetings n
assemblée générale annuelle
A meeting that official bodies, associations and companies hold each year to elect the board of directors and inform their members of previous and future activities. Commonly abbreviated as AGM.

annual report annual reports n
rapport annuel rapport de gestion
(legal) In business law, a comprehensive report on a the activities of a company throughout the preceding year, generally produced in compliance with requirements established by government agencies.

annuality annualities n
annualité
The condition of being annual.

annualization annualizations n
annualisation
The process of annualizing.

annually /ˈæn.ju.ə.li/ /ˈæn.jʊə.li/ adv
annuellement
Once every year without fail, yearly

annuity /əˈn(j)uɪti/ annuities n
annuité rente
(insurance, pensions) A right to receive amounts of money regularly over a certain fixed period, in perpetuity, or, especially, over the remaining life or lives of one or more beneficiaries.

annul /əˈnʌl/ v
annuler
(transitive) To formally revoke the validity of.

annular /ˈænjələ/ /ˈænjəlɚ/ /ˈænjʊlə/ adj
annulaire
Pertaining to, or having the form of, a ring; ring-shaped; in the shape of an annulus.

annulment /əˈnʌl.mənt/ annulments n
annulation nullification
An act or instance of annulling.
annulation
(legal) An invalidation of something, especially a legal contract.
(legal) A legal (notably judicial) declaration that a marriage is invalid; the procedure leading to it.

annulus /-li/ /ˈænjəlaɪ/ /ˈænjələs/ /ˈænjʊlaɪ/ /ˈænjʊləs/ annuli annuluses n
anneau
A ring- or donut-shaped area or structure.
(astronomy) A ring of light in a celestial body, especially when caused by an annular eclipse (for example, when the Sun and Moon are in line with the Earth, but the Moon does not completely cover the Sun's disc).
anneau couronne
(botany) A structure surrounding a sporangium (or part of it) which shrinks and causes it to rupture for spore dispersal; specifically, in a fern: a structure around about two-thirds of the sporangium consisting of differentially thick-walled cells which dry and distort the sporangium; and in a moss: a complete ring of cells around the tip of the sporangium which dissolves to cause the tip to detach.
couronne
(geometry) The region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.
(topology) Any topological space homeomorphic to the region in a plane between two concentric circles of different radii.

annunciate /əˈnʌnsɪeɪt/ v
annoncer
(transitive, formal) To announce.

annunciation annunciations n
annonciation
The act of annunciating.

annus mirabilis /ˌanəs mɪˈɹɑːbɪlɪs/ anni mirabiles n
annus mirabilis
A year that includes a multitude of significant and fateful events, be they disasters or successes.

anoa /əˈnoʊə/ anoas n
anoa
Either of two related species of small Indonesian water buffalo similar in appearance to deer; Bubalus quarlesi or Bubalus depressicornis.

anocracy anocracies n
anocratie
(politics) A political system which is neither fully democratic nor fully autocratic, often being vulnerable to political instability.

anode /ˈæn.oʊd/ /ˈæn.əʊd/ anodes n
anode
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows inwards (and thus, electrons flow outwards). It can have either a positive or a negative voltage with respect to cathode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

anodic adj
anodique
Relating to an anode.

anodontia /æn.ə(ʊ)ˈdɒn.tɪ.ə/ /ˌæn.əˈdɑn.ʃi.ə/ /ˌæn.əˈdɑn.ʃə/ anodontias n
anodontie
(dentistry, teratology) The congenital absence of some or all primary or permanent teeth, caused by a rare genetic disorder.

anodyne /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/ more anodyne most anodyne adj
apaisant
(figuratively) Soothing or relaxing. [from 18th c.]

anodyne /ˈæn.ə.daɪn/ anodynes n
analgésique
(pharmaceutical drug) Any medicine or other agent that relieves pain.
calmant
(figuratively) A source of relaxation or comfort.

anoint /əˈnɔɪnt/ v
oindre enduire étaler étendre
(transitive) To smear or rub over with oil or an unctuous substance; also, to spread over, as oil.
oindre
(transitive) To apply oil to or to pour oil upon, etc., as a sacred rite, especially for consecration.

anointed /ə.ˈnɔɪn.tɪd/ anointeds n
oint
A person who has been anointed, especially for religious reasons.

anointment anointments n
onction
The act of anointing with oil or other liquids.

anomalous /əˈnɑmələs/ /əˈnɒmələs/ /əˈnɔmələs/ more anomalous most anomalous adj
anomal anormal
Deviating from the normal; marked by incongruity or contradiction; aberrant or abnormal.

anomaly /əˈnɑ.mə.li/ /əˈnɒm.ə.lɪ/ /əˈnɔm.ə.lɪ/ anomalies n
anomalie
A deviation from a rule or from what is regarded as normal; an outlier.
(science) Any event or measurement that is out of the ordinary regardless of whether it is exceptional or not.
(astronomy) Any of various angular distances.
(biology) A defect or malformation.
(dated) An irregularity or disproportion.

anomic /əˈnoʊ.mɪk/ /əˈnɑm.ɪk/ /əˈnɒm.ɪk/ /əˈnəʊ.mɪk/ more anomic most anomic adj
anomique
(sociology) Socially disorganized, disoriented or alienated.

anomie /a.noʊ̯.ˈmi/ /ˈæn.ə.mi/ anomies n
anomie
Alienation or social instability caused by erosion of standards and values.

anomocarpous adj
anomocarpe

anon /əˈnɑn/ /əˈnɒn/ adv
tantôt tout de suite
(archaic) Straight away; at once.

anonym anonyms n
anonyme
An anonymous person.

anonymity /ænəˈnɪmɪti/ anonymities n
anonymat
(uncountable) The quality or state of being anonymous. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

anonymization anonymizations n
anonymisation
The act or process of making anonymous, of hiding or disguising identity.

anonymize v
anonymiser
(transitive) To make or render anonymous (especially to remove personally identifying data).

anonymous /əˈnɑ.nə.məs/ /əˈnɒn.ə.məs/ /əˈnɔn.ə.məs/ more anonymous most anonymous adj
anonyme
(not comparable) Lacking a name; not named, for example an animal not assigned to any species.
(not comparable) Without any name acknowledged of a person responsible
(not comparable) Of unknown name; whose name is withheld
(comparable, figurative) Lacking individuality.

anonymous class anonymous classes n
classe anonyme

anonymous pipe anonymous pipes n
canal de communication tube anonyme
(computing) A simplex FIFO communication channel that may be used for one-way interprocess communication.

anonymously /əˈnɒnəməsli/ adv
anonymement
In an anonymous manner; without a name.
In an anonymous manner; without individuality.

anopheles /əˈnɒfɪliːz/ anopheles n
anophèle
(entomology) Loose terminology for species in the Anopheles genus of mosquitoes, some of which may transmit various parasites, Plasmodium, that are the cause of malaria. More strictly speaking, as Anopheles is a proper name it should be capitalised.

anopia anopias n
manque de vision
(medicine) State or condition of sightlessness, often due to medical reasons.

anorak /ˈænəɹæk/ anoraks n
anorak
A heavy weatherproof jacket with an attached hood; a parka or windcheater.

anorexia /ænəˈɹɛksi.ə/ anorexias n
anorexie
Loss of appetite, especially as a result of disease.

anorexia nervosa n
anorexie mentale
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvation due to an irrational fear of gaining weight.

anorexic /ænəˈɹɛksɪk/ anorexics n
anorexique
Somebody suffering from anorexia nervosa.

anorgasmic adj
anorgasmique
Pertaining to anorgasmia; unable to achieve orgasm.

anorthosite anorthosites n
anorthosite
(rock) A phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar.

anosmia /æˈnɑːzmiːə/ /æˈnɒzmiə/ anosmias n
anosmie
Inability to smell; the inability to perceive odors.

anosmic /æˈnɒzmɪk/ more anosmic most anosmic adj
anosmique
(pathology) Having anosmia; lacking a sense of smell.

anosmic /æˈnɒzmɪk/ anosmics n
anosmique
(pathology) A person with anosmia; a person lacking a sense of smell.

anosognosia anosognosias n
anosognosie
The inability of a person to recognize his or her own illness or handicap.

another /æˈnʌð.ə(ɹ)/ /æˈnʌð.ɚ/ /əˈnʌð.ə(ɹ)/ /əˈnʌð.ɚ/ determiner
plus un de plus
One more/further, in addition to a former number; a second or additional one, similar in likeness or in effect.
un autre autre
Not the same; different.

another day, another dollar proverb
métro, boulot, dodo
Life goes on, and it is necessary to work in order to earn money.

anovulation anovulations n
anovulation
(pathology) Lack of ovulation.

anovulatory adj
anovulatoire
Not ovulatory; characterized by anovulation (a lack of ovulation).

anoxaemia anoxaemias n
anoxyhémie
(medicine) Critical lack of oxygen in blood; severe hypoxaemia.

anoxia /ænˈɑk.si.ə/ /ænˈɒk.sɪ.ə/ /æˈnɑk-/ /æˈnɒk-/ anoxias n
anoxie
(ecology, pathology) A condition in which a body tissue or an environment is severely or totally deprived of oxygen; severe hypoxia.

anoxic /ˌæ.ˈnɑːk.sɪk/ adj
anoxique
Lacking oxygen.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] answers n
réponse
A response or reply; something said or done in reaction to a statement or question.
(legal) A document filed in response to a complaint, responding to each point raised in the complaint and raising counterpoints.
réponse solution
A solution to a problem.

answer /ˈan.sə/ /ˈæn.sə/ /ˈæn.sɚ/ /ˈɑːn.sə/ [ˈeən.sə] [ˈeən.sɚ] [ˈeːnsə ~ ˈɛːnsə] [ˈɐːnsə] v
répondre
To be or act in conformity, or by way of accommodation, correspondence, relation, or proportion; to conform; to correspond; to suit; usually with to.
(obsolete) To be or act as an equivalent to, or as adequate or sufficient for; to serve for; to repay.

answer back v
répondre
(ambitransitive) To reply impertinently to (someone); to talk back.

answer to v
répondre à être responsable devant qn.
To be accountable or responsible to; to account to; to report to.

answering machine answering machines n
répondeur
A device that automatically records voice mail from unanswered telephone calls.

ant /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɛnt/ [eənt] [ɛənt] [ɛːnt] ants n
fourmi
Any of various insects in the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera, typically living in large colonies composed almost entirely of flightless females.

antacid /ænˈtæsɪd/ more antacid most antacid adj
antiacide
Counteracting or neutralizing acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

antacid /ænˈtæsɪd/ antacids n
antiacide
An agent that counteracts or neutralizes acidity, especially in the stomach. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

antagonism /ænˈtæɡənɪzəm/ antagonisms n
antagonisme
A strong natural dislike or hatred; antipathy.

antagonist /ænˈtæɡənɪst/ antagonists n
antagoniste
An opponent or enemy.
(authorship) The main character or force opposing the protagonist in a literary work or drama.

antagonistic /æn.tæɡ.əˈnɪs.tɪk/ more antagonistic most antagonistic adj
antagonique
Contending or acting against.

antagonize v
contrarier antagoniser
(transitive) To work against; to oppose (especially to incite reaction)

ante /ˈænti/ antes n
mise
(poker) In poker and other games, the contribution made by all players to the pot before dealing the cards.

ante /ˈænti/ v
miser
To pay the ante in poker. Often used as ante up.

ante-historic more ante-historic most ante-historic adj
antéhistorique
Synonym of prehistoric

anteater /ˈæntˌitɚ/ /ˈæntˌiːtə/ anteaters n
fourmilier
Any of several animals of South and Central America, in suborder Vermilingua, which are noted for eating ants and termites which they catch with their long sticky tongues.

antebellum /ˌæn.tiˈbɛl.əm/ adj
[[d']][[avant-guerre]]
Of the time period prior to a war.

antecedence /ænˈtɛsɪdəns/ antecedences n
antécédence
The relationship of preceding something in time or order.

antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ adj
antécédent
Earlier, either in time or in order.

antecedent /ˌæntɪˈsiːdənt/ antecedents n
antécédent
Any thing that precedes another thing, especially the cause of the second thing.
(grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.
(logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. p \rightarrow q, where p is the antecedent, and q is the consequent.
(math) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a in the ratio a:b, the other being the consequent.
ascendant
An ancestor.

antecedently more antecedently most antecedently adv
antécédemment
At an earlier time.

antechamber /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/ /ˈæn.tiˌt͡ʃeɪm.bɚ/ /ˈæn.tɪˌt͡ʃeɪm.bə/ antechambers n
antichambre
A small room used as an entryway or reception area to a larger room.

anteconsonantal adj
antéconsonantique

antedate /ˈæntiˌdeɪt/ v
antidater
To assign a date to a document or action earlier than the actual date.

antediluvian /-tə-/ /ˌæn.ti.dəˈlu.vi.ən/ /ˌæn.tə(ˌ)daɪˈlu.vi.ən/ /ˌæn.tɪ.dɪˈluː.vɪ.ən/ [-ɾi-] [-ɾə-] more antediluvian most antediluvian adj
antédiluvien
(biblical) Belonging or pertaining to, or existing in, the time prior to the great flood described in Genesis, or (by extension) to a great or destructive flood or deluge described in other mythologies.
(by extension) Of animals and plants: long extinct; prehistoric.
Of attitudes, ideas, etc.: extremely old-fashioned, especially to a laughable extent; antiquated.

anteflexion anteflexions n
antéflexion
(anatomy) A forward bending or an organ, especially that of the uterus near the cervix

antegrammatical adj
antégrammatical
(linguistics) Prior to the formation of a grammar

antelope /ˈæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.loʊp/ /ˈæn.tɪ.ləʊp/ antelope antelopes n
antilope
Any of several African mammals of the family Bovidae distinguished by hollow horns, which, unlike deer, they do not shed.

antenatal adj
anténatal
occurring or existing before birth

antenna /ænˈtɛn.ə/ antennae antennas n
antenne
An apparatus to receive or transmit electromagnetic waves and convert respectively to or from an electrical signal.

antepenultimate adj
antépénultième
Two before the last, i.e., the one immediately before the penultimate, in a series.

anterior /anˈtɪə.ɹi.ə/ /ænˈtɪɹ.i.ɚ/ adj
antérieur
(anatomy) Nearer the forward end, especially in the front of the body; nearer the head or forepart of an animal.

anterior chamber anterior chambers n
chambre antérieure de l'œil
(anatomy, ophthalmology) A space inside the eye between the cornea and the iris, filled with aqueous humour.

anterior cruciate ligament anterior cruciate ligaments n
ligament croisé antérieur

anterograde adj
antérograde
(medicine) Effective immediately after a traumatic event such as an external shock.
(medicine) Moving or occurring in the normal forward or downstream direction of.

anterograde amnesia anterograde amnesias n
amnésie antérograde
(pathology) The inability to remember new information from the period beginning the amnesic episode.

anthelmintic /ænθɛlˈmɪntɪk/ more anthelmintic most anthelmintic adj
anthelmintique
(pharmaceutical effect) Destructive to parasitic worms.

anthem /ˈæn.təm/ /ˈæn.θəm/ anthems n
hymne
A choral or vocal composition, often with a religious or political lyric.
A hymn of praise or loyalty.

anthemol n
anthémol

anther /ˈæn.θə/ /ˈæn.θɚ/ anthers n
anthère
(botany) The pollen-bearing part of the stamen of a flower.

antheridium antheridia n
anthéridie
(botany, mycology) An organ producing male gametes called antherozoids, found in some algae, ferns, and bryophytes.

anthill /ˈænt.hɪl/ anthills n
fourmilière termitière
A cone-shaped structure built from sediment and other available materials by ants or white ants (termites), and beneath which the colony nests.

anthocyanin /ˌænθəˈsaɪənɪn/ anthocyanins n
anthocyane
(botany, organic chemistry) Any of many water-soluble red to violet plant pigments related to the flavonoids (more noticeable in autumn after the chlorophyll decomposes)

anthologist /ænˈθɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ anthologists n
anthologiste
a person who anthologizes

anthology /ænˈθɑləd͡ʒi/ /ænˈθɒlədʒi/ anthologies n
anthologie florilège
A collection of literary works, such as poems or short stories, especially a collection from various authors.

anthophagous more anthophagous most anthophagous adj
anthophage
That feeds on flowers

anthoxanthin anthoxanthins n
anthoxanthine
(biochemistry) Any of a group of water-soluble flavonoid pigments found in plants.

anthracene anthracenes n
anthracène
(organic compound) A tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (an acene containing three fused rings) obtained from coal tar; used in the manufacture of wood preservatives, insecticides and the dye alizarin; it is isomeric with phenanthrene.

anthraciferous more anthraciferous most anthraciferous adj
anthracifère
(mineralogy) Yielding anthracite.

anthracite /ˈænθɹəˌsaɪt/ anthracites n
anthracite
A form of carbonized ancient plants; the hardest and cleanest-burning of all the coals.

anthracitic more anthracitic most anthracitic adj
anthraciteux
(geology) Pertaining to, or composed of, anthracite.

anthraquinone /-ˈkwaɪnoʊn/ /ˌænθrəkwɪˈnoʊn/ anthraquinones n
anthraquinone
(organic compound) A tricyclic quinone, derived from anthracene.

anthrax /ˈæn.θɹæks/ anthraxes n
charbon maladie du charbon
(pathology) An acute infectious disease of herbivores, especially sheep and cattle, caused by Bacillus anthracis.

anthro anthros n
anthro
(informal, countable) An anthropomorphic character.

anthropic /ænˈθɹɒp.ɪk/ adj
anthropique
Of or pertaining to mankind or humans, or the period of humanity's existence.

anthropic principle anthropic principles n
principe anthropique
Any of several similar explanations for the nature of the universe, and for the values of its fundamental constants, that states either that the universe is as it is because otherwise we wouldn't be here to observe it, or that the very presence of intelligent life constrains the universe to be as it is.

anthropization n
anthropisation
(ecology) The transformation or adaptation of the environment to meet the needs of humans, or by human activity.

anthropize v
anthropiser
(transitive) To transform or adapt the environment either to meet the needs of humans, or by human activity.

anthropocentric more anthropocentric most anthropocentric adj
anthropocentrique
Placing humans at the center of something, giving preference to humans above all other considerations.

anthropocentricity n
anthropocentricité
The quality of being anthropocentric.

anthropocentrism /ˌæn.θɹə.poʊˈsɛn.tɹɪz.m/ anthropocentrisms n
anthropocentrisme
A viewpoint or theory that places human beings at the center of everything, giving preference to human beings above all other considerations.

anthropodermic adj
anthropodermique

anthropogenic /ˌæn θrə pəˈdʒɛn ɪk/ adj
anthropique
Having its origin in the influence of human activity on nature.

anthropogeny anthropogenies n
anthropogénie
The study of human origins, human generation, or the origin and development of man.

anthropography n
anthropographie
The branch of anthropology that deals with the geographical distribution of the human race in its different divisions, as distinguished by physical character, language, institutions, and customs, in contradistinction to ethnography, which deals historically with the origin and filiation of races and nations.

anthropoid /ˈænθɹəpɔɪd/ anthropoids n
anthropoïde
An anthropoid animal.

anthropolatry n
anthropolâtrie
The worship of a human or humans.

anthropological /æn.θɹə.pə.ˈlɑd͡ʒikəl/ more anthropological most anthropological adj
anthropologique
Relating to anthropology.

anthropologically more anthropologically most anthropologically adv
anthropologiquement
In a manner which pertains to anthropology.

anthropologist /ˌæn.θɹoʊˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌæn.θɹəˈpɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ anthropologists n
anthropologue
An expert in anthropology.

anthropology /ˌænθɹəˈpɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒləd͡ʒi/ n
anthropologie
The scientific study of humans, systematically describing the ethnographic, linguistic, archaeological, and evolutionary dimensions of humanity using a holistic methodological framework.

anthropometric adj
anthropométrique
of, or relating to anthropometry

anthropometry /ænθɹəˈpɒmɪtɹɪ/ anthropometries n
anthropométrie
The science of measuring the human body to ascertain the ranges and averages of dimensions of the human form, for various purposes including physical anthropology, epidemiology, the ergonomics of industrial design, and so on.

anthropomorphic /ænθɹɒpəˈmɔɹfɪk/ [ˌæ̃n̪θɹ̠əpʰəˈmɔɹ̠fɪ̈k] adj
anthropomorphe
Having the form of a human.
anthropomorphe anthropomorphique
(of animals, inanimate objects, and non-human entities) Having attributes or characteristics of a human being.

anthropomorphism /ˌænθɹəpəˈmɔɹfɪzəm/ anthropomorphisms n
anthropomorphisme
The attribution of human characteristics and behavior to something not human. [from mid-18th c.]

anthropomorphize /ˌanθrəpəˈmɔːfʌɪz/ v
anthropomorphiser
(transitive) To attribute human-like characteristics to (something that is non-human).

anthroponym anthroponyms n
anthroponyme
The name of a person, especially a surname.

anthropophagy /ˌæn.θɹə.ˈpɒ.fə.d͡ʒi/ anthropophagies n
anthropophagie
The eating of human flesh; cannibalism.

anthropophobia n
anthropophobie
A profound fear of human beings, or of human society.

anthroposophic /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɑfɪk/ /ˌænθɹəpəˈsɒfɪk/ more anthroposophic most anthroposophic adj
anthroposophique
Of, or pertaining to anthroposophy.

anthroposophist /ˌænθɹəˈpɑsəfɪst/ /ˌænθɹəˈpɒsəfɪst/ anthroposophists n
anthroposophe
A proponent of anthroposophy.

anthroposphere /anθɹɒpəsfɪɚ/ anthropospheres n
anthroposphère
That part of the environment that is made or modified by humans for use in human activities and human habitats.

anthropotoponym anthropotoponyms n
anthropotoponyme
A placename derived from the name of a person

anthumous adj
anthume

anti- /ˈæn.ti/ /ˈæn.tə/ /ˈæn.tɪ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ/ /ˈænˌti/ prefix
anti-
Against, opposed to.

anti-American more anti-American most anti-American adj
antiaméricain anti-américain
Opposing American values.

anti-Americanism n
antiaméricanisme
The fear or dislike of people, policies, culture or government of the United States.

anti-Boulangist more anti-Boulangist most anti-Boulangist adj
antiboulangiste

anti-Catalanism n
anticatalanisme
Hostility or discrimination against Catalans.

anti-Christian more anti-Christian most anti-Christian adj
antichrétien
Opposed to Christians or Christianity.

anti-European adj
antieuropéen
Opposing European integration and the European Union.
Opposing or disliking Europe or Europeans.

anti-Europeanism anti-Europeanisms n
antieuropéanisme

anti-Gaullist adj
antigaulliste

anti-German adj
anti-allemand
Against Germans or Germany.

anti-Islamic more anti-Islamic most anti-Islamic adj
antifoulard antimusulman
Relating to or exhibiting prejudice, discrimination or hostility directed against Islam or Muslims

anti-Japanese adj
anti-japonais antijaponais
Against or opposing Japanese.

anti-Jew anti-Jews n
anti-Juif anti-Juive anti-juif anti-juive antijuif antijuive
Someone with anti-Jewish views.

anti-Jewish more anti-Jewish most anti-Jewish adj
anti-juif antijuif
Opposed to Jews.

anti-Putinism pn
antipoutinisme
(politics) Opposition to the political policies of Vladimir Putin.

anti-Semite /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiˈsiːmaɪt/ /ˌæntiˈsɛmaɪt/ anti-Semites n
antisémite
Someone with anti-Semitic views.

anti-Semitic /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɛtɪk/ /ˌæntiːsəˈmɪtɪk/ more anti-Semitic most anti-Semitic adj
antisémite
Relating to or exhibiting anti-Semitism.

anti-Semitism /ˌæntaɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntiˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ /ˌæntɪˈsɛmɪˌtɪzəm/ anti-Semitisms n
anti-sémitisme
(narrower sense) Prejudice, discrimination, hostility or political or religious opposition directed against ethnic or religious Jews or against Judaism; antijudaism; judeophobia.

anti-Slavism n
antislavisme
Anti-Slavic sentiment, in general: negative attitude towards Slavic peoples.

anti-Zionism n
antisionisme
Opposition to Zionism; activism against Zionism.

anti-Zionist more anti-Zionist most anti-Zionist adj
antisioniste
Expressing or exhibiting anti-Zionism; opposed to Zionism.

anti-Zionist anti-Zionists n
antisioniste
One who expresses or exhibits anti-Zionism; one who is opposed to Zionism.

anti-abolitionism n
anti-abolitionnisme
The campaign against the abolition of the slave trade and/or slavery.

anti-aging adj
antiâge
Related to the lessening or halting of the aging process.

anti-aircraft adj
anti-aérien
(military) Intended to attack aircraft.

anti-alcoholic more anti-alcoholic most anti-alcoholic adj
antialcoolique
temperance, against the excessive consumption of alcohol

anti-burka adj
antiburqa

anti-establishment more anti-establishment most anti-establishment adj
antisystème
Opposed to the existing sociopolitical system (the establishment).

anti-fascism anti-fascisms n
antifascisme
The opposition to fascist ideologies, organizations, governments and people.

anti-federalism n
antifédéralisme
opposition to federalism; not favoring a strong federal government

anti-gravity n
antigravité
(science fiction) Any concept, system or device that would oppose or cancel out the force of gravity.

anti-immigration more anti-immigration most anti-immigration adj
anti-immigration
(politics) Opposing immigration.

anti-imperialism anti-imperialisms n
anti-impérialisme
Any belief or practice which opposes imperialism.

anti-index anti-indexes n
anti-index
(database) A listing of records used to prune them during requests.

anti-inflammatory more anti-inflammatory most anti-inflammatory adj
anti-inflammatoire
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting inflammation.

anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatories n
anti-inflammatoire
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that prevents or counteracts inflammation.

anti-intellectualism n
anti-intellectualisme
A sentiment of hostility towards, or mistrust of, intellectuals and intellectual pursuits.

anti-lock adj
antiblocage
Preventing something from becoming stuck or jammed. Especially applies to anti-lock brakes, which are designed to continue rotating for better steering control while slowing the vehicle, rather than "locking" and causing the car to skid.

anti-militarism anti-militarisms n
antimilitarisme
A doctrine that opposes war, relying heavily on a critical theory of nationalism and imperialism.

anti-natalism n
antinatalisme
opposition to the increase in human population

anti-vax adj
antivax
(informal) Opposing vaccines and vaccination.

anti-vaxxer anti-vaxxers n
antivax
(informal) A person who opposes vaccination, as for its purported dangerous effects. [from c. 2000]

anti-villain anti-villains n
anti-méchant
(fiction) An antagonist who has or may have noble or honorable aims, but pursues them destructively.

anti-war more anti-war most anti-war adj
anti-guerre
Opposed to war, or to a specific war.

antiabortion more antiabortion most antiabortion adj
anti-avortement
Opposed to the practice or legalization of abortion.

antiabortionist antiabortionists n
adversaire de l'avortement
One who is opposed to the practice of abortion, or to it being legal.

antiacademic more antiacademic most antiacademic adj
antiacadémique
Opposing what is academic.

antiacridian adj
antiacridien

antialcoholism n
antialcoolisme
Opposition to alcoholism.

antialiasing /ˈæn.ti.ˈeɪ.li.əs.ɪŋ/ /ˈæn.tɑɪ̯.ˈeɪ.li.əs.ɪŋ/ n
anticrènelage
(computer graphics) any technique that reduces the appearance of jagged edges in digital images caused by high-contrast borders between pixels.

antiamarillic adj
antiamaril

antiandrogen /ˌæ.ɾ̃iˈæn.dɹə.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˌæn.tiˈæn.dɹə.d͡ʒɪn/ [ˌæ.ni-] antiandrogens n
anti-androgène
(steroid, pharmacology) Any substance that inhibits the release or the biological effects of an androgen.

antiarin antiarins n
antiarine
Either of two cardiac glycoside poisons produced by the upas tree (Antiaris toxicaria).

antiarrhythmic adj
antiarythmique
(pharmaceutical effect) Used to treat or prevent (heart) arrhythmia (irregular beat).

antiartistic more antiartistic most antiartistic adj
antiartistique
Opposing art.

antiasthenic more antiasthenic most antiasthenic adj
antiasthénique
(pharmaceutical effect) That counters asthenia

antiatom antiatoms n
l'antiatome
(particle physics) An antiparticle composed of antiprotons, antineutrons, and positrons. An antimatter equivalent of the atom.

antibacchic adj
antibacchiaque

antibacterial adj
antibactérien
(pharmaceutical effect) Killing or inhibiting bacteria.

antibacterial antibacterials n
antibactérien
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug having the effect of killing or inhibiting bacteria.

antibiogram antibiograms n
antibiogramme
(medicine) A table reporting a bacterial isolate’s susceptibility to different antibiotics.

antibioresistance n
antibiorésistance

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ more antibiotic most antibiotic adj
antibiotique
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or relating to antibiotics.

antibiotic /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.taɪ.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌæn.tə.baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ antibiotics n
antibiotique
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that can destroy or inhibit the growth of bacteria and similar microorganisms, generally transported by the lymphatic system.

antiblack more antiblack most antiblack adj
anti-noir antinoir négrophobe
Hostile to black people, often specifically African Americans.

antiblue adj
antibleu
(particle physics) Describing one of the three possible colours of an antiquark, corresponding to blue in a quark.

antibody antibodies n
anticorps
(immunology) A protein produced by B-lymphocytes that binds to a specific antigen.

antibolshevism n
antibolchévisme
(politics) Opposition to Bolshevism.

antibonding orbital antibonding orbitals n
orbitale antiliante
(chemistry, physics) an atomic or molecular orbital whose energy increases as its constituent atoms are brought closer together - thus generating a repulsive force that hinders bonding

antibullfighting more antibullfighting most antibullfighting adj
anti-corrida anti-taurin anticorrida antitaurin
Opposing bullfighting.

antic /ˈæn.tɪk/ antics n
bouffonnerie pitrerie
(often, in plural) A ludicrous gesture or act; ridiculous behaviour; caper.
bouffon clown pitre
A grotesque performer or clown, buffoon.

anticaliph anticaliphs n
anticalife antikhalife
Someone who has the pretence of forming a government featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to unite the Muslim world under a caliph.

anticaliphate anticaliphates n
anticalifat antikhalifat
A government having the pretence of featuring the real caliph, as opposed to another caliphate claiming to unite the Muslim world under a caliph.

anticapitalism anticapitalisms n
anticapitalisme
(politics) Opposition to capitalism.

anticapitalist more anticapitalist most anticapitalist adj
anticapitaliste
(politics) Against or opposed to capitalism.

anticapitalist anticapitalists n
anticapitaliste
(politics) One who subscribes to anticapitalism.

anticarcinogen anticarcinogens n
anticarcinogène
(medicine) Any substance that reduces the occurrence or severity of cancers.

anticatholic more anticatholic most anticatholic adj
anticatholique
Opposed to Catholicism.

anticholera adj
anticholérique
(medicine) Preventing or counteracting cholera.

anticholesterol adj
anticholestérol

antichrist antichrists n
antéchrist antichrist
One who works against the teachings of Christ.

anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ə.peɪt/ /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/ /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.pæɪt/ [ɛənˈtɪs.ə.peɪt] v
prévoir anticiper
to know of (something) before it happens; to expect.

anticlericalism n
anticléricalisme
The opposition to political influence of clerics.

anticline /ˈæntiklaɪn/ anticlines n
anticlinal
(geology) A fold with strata sloping downwards on each side.

anticlockwise /ˌæn.tiˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɒk.waɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɔk.wɑɪz/ /ˌæn.tɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌænˌtaɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ adj
antihoraire sens antihoraire sens inverse des aiguilles d’une montre
(South Africa, Australia, NZ, British, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore) in a circular fashion so as to be moving to the left at the top of the circle and to the right at the bottom (when viewed from the front), in the opposite direction to the way the hands of an analogue clock move.

anticlockwise /ˌæn.tiˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɒk.waɪz/ /ˌæn.tiˈklɔk.wɑɪz/ /ˌæn.tɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ /ˌænˌtaɪˈklɑkˌwaɪz/ adv
dans le [[sens contraire des aiguilles d’une montre]] dans le [[sens inverse des aiguilles d’une montre]] dans le sens antihoraire
(AU, NZ, Britain, Ireland) In an anticlockwise fashion.

anticoagulant more anticoagulant most anticoagulant adj
anticoagulant
That prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting.

anticoagulant anticoagulants n
anticoagulant
(medicine) A substance that prevents coagulation, that stops blood from clotting.

anticodon /ˌæntaɪ-/ /ˌæntiˈkəʊdɒn/ anticodons n
anticodon
(genetics) A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to the complementary triplet (codon) in messenger RNA to specify an amino acid during protein synthesis.

anticolonialism n
anticolonialisme
(politics) The movement that opposes colonialism.

anticommunism /æntɪˈkɒmjʊnɪzəm/ anticommunisms n
anticommunisme
Opposition to communism.

anticommunist more anticommunist most anticommunist adj
anticommuniste
Opposed to the tenets of communism.

anticommunist anticommunists n
anticommuniste
One who is opposed to the tenets of communism.

anticommutative adj
anti-commutatif
(algebra) Of an operator * for which a * b = - (b * a)

anticommutativity n
anti-commutativité
(algebra, physics) The state of being anticommutative.

anticompetitive more anticompetitive most anticompetitive adj
anticoncurrentiel
(economics, business) Acting to hinder or obstruct competition.

anticonstitutional more anticonstitutional most anticonstitutional adj
anticonstitutionnel

anticonstitutionally more anticonstitutionally most anticonstitutionally adv
anticonstitutionnellement
(legal) In an anticonstitutional manner.

anticorruption /ˌæntiːkəˈɹʌpʃən/ more anticorruption most anticorruption adj
anticorruption
Opposed to or combating corruption

anticyclone anticyclones n
anticyclone
(meteorology) a system of winds that spiral out from a centre of high pressure

anticyclonic adj
anticyclonique
(meteorology) of, relating to, or consisting of an anticyclone

antidemocratic more antidemocratic most antidemocratic adj
antidémocratique
Opposed to the tenets of democracy.

antidepressant more antidepressant most antidepressant adj
antidépresseur
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting depression.

antidepressant antidepressants n
antidépresseur
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that prevents or counteracts depression.

antiderivative antiderivatives n
primitive
(calculus) A function whose derivative is a given function; an indefinite integral

antidicotyledon adj
antidicotylédone

antidictionary /-taɪ-/ /æntiˈdɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ /æntɪˈdɪkʃ(ə)nəɹi/ /æntɪˈdɪkʃənɹi/ [-ɾi-] antidictionaries n
antidictionnaire
(computational linguistics) The set of all words of minimal length that never appear in a particular string.

antidiscriminatory more antidiscriminatory most antidiscriminatory adj
antidiscriminatoire
Opposing or disallowing discrimination.

antidoping adj
antidopage
(sports) Proscribing or combating doping

antidotal adj
alexipharmaque
(pharmaceutical effect) Relating to or being an antidote.

antidote /ˈæn.tɪ.doʊt/ antidotes n
antidote contrepoison alexipharmaque thériaque
A remedy to counteract the effects of poison.

antidrug more antidrug most antidrug adj
anti-drogue antidrogue
Against drugs; advocating against drug use.

antiemetic more antiemetic most antiemetic adj
antiémétique
That combats nausea and vomiting

antiemetic antiemetics n
antiémétique
(medicine) A drug that combats nausea and vomiting

antieverything more antieverything most antieverything adj
antitout
Opposing everything.

antifag more antifag most antifag adj
homophobe
(vulgar) Opposing homosexuals.

antifamily more antifamily most antifamily adj
antifamille
(sociology) Opposed to the traditional social construct of the family.

antifascism antifascisms n
antifascisme
Opposition to fascism

antifascist more antifascist most antifascist adj
antifasciste
Opposed to the tenets of fascism; antifa.

antifascist antifascists n
antifasciste
A person opposed to the tenets of fascism.

antifelting adj
antifeutrant

antifeminism antifeminisms n
antiféminisme
Opposition to feminism.

antifeminist more antifeminist most antifeminist adj
antiféministe
antagonistic to feminism

antiferromagnetism n
antiferromagnétisme
(physics) a phenomenon, similar to ferromagnetism, in which magnetic domains line up in a regular pattern, but with neighbouring electron spins pointing in opposite directions; materials showing this effect are either ferrimagnetic or diamagnetic, and become paramagnetic above the Neel temperature

antifragility n
antifragilité
The ability of a system to benefit and grow from a certain class of random events, errors, and volatility.

antifreeze antifreezes n
antigel
A substance, such as glycol, used to lower the freezing point of water;

antifungal more antifungal most antifungal adj
antifongique
(pharmaceutical effect) That inhibits the growth of fungi; antimycotic.

antifungal antifungals n
antifongique
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug that inhibits the growth of fungi.

antigen antigens n
antigène
(immunology) A substance that induces an immune response, usually foreign.

antigenemia antigenemias n
antigénémie
(pathology, immunology) The presence of antigens (especially viral antigens) in the bloodstream

antigenic adj
antigénique
(immunology) Of or relating to an antigen.

antigenized adj
antigénisé

antigod antigods n
anti-dieu
(mythology) A preternatural being opposed to the gods.

antigovernment more antigovernment most antigovernment adj
antigouvernemental
Opposed to a government currently in power.
Opposed to government in general.

antigypsyism n
anti-tsiganisme
Hostility, prejudice or racism toward Romani people (Gypsies).

antihero /ˈæn.tiˌhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈæn.tɪˌhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈænˌtaɪ.hiɹ.oʊ/ antiheroes n
antihéros anti-héros
(literature, RPG) A protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals.

antiheroic more antiheroic most antiheroic adj
antihéroïque
(narratology) Of, pertaining to or typical of an antihero.

antiheroine antiheroines n
anti-héroïne antihéroïne
(literature, RPG) A female protagonist who proceeds in an unheroic manner, such as by criminal means, via cowardly actions, or for mercenary goals; a female antihero.

antiheroism n
anti-héroïsme antihéroïsme
(literature) The quality of being an antihero

antihistamine /ˌæn.taɪˈhɪs.tə.miːn/ /ˌæn.tiˈhɪs.tə.miːn/ antihistamines n
antihistaminique
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug or substance that counteracts the effects of a histamine. Commonly used to alleviate the symptoms of hay fever and other allergies.

antihydrogen antihydrogens n
antihydrogène
(particle, uncountable) The antimatter equivalent of hydrogen, consisting of an antiproton and an positron (antielectron).

antihypertensive adj
antihypertenseur antihypertensif
(pharmaceutical effect) Preventing or counteracting hypertension.

antihypertensive antihypertensives n
antihypertenseur antihypertensif
(pharmaceutical effect) an agent that prevents or counteracts hypertension.

antijihadist more antijihadist most antijihadist adj
antijihadiste

antilegal more antilegal most antilegal adj
antilégal
Opposing the law.

antilepton antileptons n
antilepton
(particle) The antiparticle of a lepton.

antiliberalism antiliberalisms n
antilibéralisme
(politics) Antiliberal beliefs and practices.

antilogarithm antilogarithms n
antilogarithme
(mathematics) The number of which a given number is the logarithm (to a given base).

antilogue /ˈæntiˌlɒɡ/ /ˈæntiˌlɔɡ/ /ˈæntɪˌlɒɡ/ /ˈæntɪˌlɔɡ/ adj
antilogue
(mineralogy, electricity, in pyroelectric substances such as tourmaline) of or pertaining to the magnetic pole that becomes negative as its temperature increases and positive as its temperature decreases

antimacassar /ˌæn.tɪ.məˈkæs.ə/ /ˌæn.tɪ.məˈkæs.ɚ/ antimacassars n
antimacassar têtière
A cover for the back or arms of a chair or sofa, originally to prevent them from being soiled by macassar oil.

antimagnetic more antimagnetic most antimagnetic adj
antimagnétique
(physics) Unable to be magnetized; unaffected by a magnetic field.

antimatter /ˈæn.tiˌmæt.ɚ/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌmæt.ɚ/ [ˈæ.niˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæ.ɾ̃iˌmæ.ɾɚ] [ˈæn.tiˌmæ.ɾɚ] antimatters n
antimatière
(physics) Matter that is composed of the antiparticles of those that constitute normal matter.

antimedia more antimedia most antimedia adj
antimédiatique
Opposing the media.

antimeridian antimeridians n
antiméridien
(geography) The reference line at 180° longitude, on the opposite side of earth to the prime meridian.

antimetabole /ˌæn.taɪ.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.ti.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tə.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tɪ.məˈtæ.bə.li/ /ˌæn.tɪ.mɛˈtæ.bə.li/ antimetaboles n
antimétabole
(rhetoric) The technique of repeating a phrase while reversing the order of certain elements or its grammatical structure, as a form of juxtaposition.

antimetabolite antimetabolites n
antimétabolite
(medicine) Any substance that competes with, or inhibits the normal metabolic process, often by acting as an analogue of an essential metabolite.

antimicrobial adj
antimicrobien
(pharmaceutical effect) tending to destroy or capable of destroying microbes
(pharmaceutical effect) inhibiting the growth of microbes
(pharmaceutical effect) preventing or counteracting the pathogenic action of microbes

antimicrobial antimicrobials n
antimicrobien
an agent that destroys microbes, inhibits their growth, or prevents or counteracts their pathogenic action

antimissile adj
antimissile
(military) Designed to intercept and destroy another missile in flight.

antimitotic adj
antimitotique
(pharmaceutical effect, cytology) Preventing or disrupting mitosis.

antimitotic antimitotics n
antimitotique
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that prevents or disrupts mitosis.

antimonarchic more antimonarchic most antimonarchic adj
antimonarchique
(politics) Opposing monarchy.

antimonarchist more antimonarchist most antimonarchist adj
antimonarchiste
(politics) Opposed to monarchy.

antimonarchist antimonarchists n
antimonarchiste
(politics) One who is opposed to monarchy.

antimonious adj
antimonieux

antimony /ˈæn.tɪ.mə.niː/ /ˈæn.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ antimonies n
antimoine
A chemical element (symbol Sb, from Latin stibium) with an atomic number of 51: in its stable allotrope, a lustrous gray and very brittle metal.

antimoral more antimoral most antimoral adj
antimoral
Opposing or countering moral behaviour.

antimuon antimuons n
antimuon
(particle) A positively charged particle, the antiparticle corresponding to a muon.

antinatalism n
antinatalisme
(philosophy) A family of philosophical views that are critical of reproduction — they consider coming into existence as bad or deem procreation as immoral.

antinatalist antinatalists n
antinataliste
(philosophy, sociology) A supporter of antinatalism.

antinationalism antinationalisms n
antinationalisme
(politics) opposition to nationalism

antinaupathic adj
antinaupathique

antineoplastic /æntaɪni.əplæstɪk/ /æntini.əplæstɪk/ adj
antinéoplasique
(pharmaceutical effect, oncology) Inhibiting the development of tumours.

anting /ˈæntɪŋ/ n
formicage
(ornithology) The practice of some birds of rubbing live ants or occasionally other items into the feathers, possibly as a means of controlling parasites.

antinomy /ænˈtɪn.ə.mi/ antinomies n
antinomie
(specifically, epistemology, logic) In the thought of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724–1804): an apparent contradiction between valid conclusions; a paradox.

antinuclear more antinuclear most antinuclear adj
antinucléaire
Opposed to the production or use of nuclear weapons, or opposed to the generation of electricity from nuclear power.

antinutrient antinutrients n
antinutriment facteur antinutritionnel
(biochemistry) Any substance that interferes with the absorption or metabolism of a nutrient

antioxidant /ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt/ adj
antioxydant
Acting or having agents that act against oxidation.

antioxidant /ˌæntiˈɒksɪdənt/ antioxidants n
antioxydant
Any substance that acts to slow or prevent the oxidation of another chemical.
(nutrition) One of a group of vitamins that act against the effects of free radicals.

antipapal more antipapal most antipapal adj
antipapal
(Roman Catholicism) characterized by opposition to the pope

antiparallel adj
antiparallèle
(mathematics) (of vectors) Parallel but in opposite directions.

antiparticle /ˈæntiˌpɑɹtɪkəl/ antiparticles n
antiparticule
(particle) A subatomic particle corresponding to another particle with the same mass, spin and mean lifetime but with charge, parity, strangeness and other quantum numbers flipped in sign; a particle that has a reversed world line to another.

antipassive adj
antipassif
(linguistics) Relating to the antipassive voice

antipasto antipasti antipastos n
hors d'œuvre
An Italian starter for a meal; normally a cold assortment of salami, cheese, seafood and vegetables.

antipathic more antipathic most antipathic adj
antipathique
Characterized by antipathy.

antipathy /ænˈtɪpəθi/ antipathies n
antipathie
A feeling of dislike (normally towards someone, less often towards something); repugnance or distaste often without any conscious reasoning.

antiperspirant antiperspirants n
antisudorifique
(countable, uncountable) A substance used to minimize sweating or perspiration, and usually applied to the underarm area.

antiphilosophy antiphilosophies n
antiphilosophie
(philosophy) An antitheoretical metaphilosophy critical of a priori justification aiming to dissolve misconceptions that traditional philosophy makes.

antiphon /ˈæntɪfən/ /ˈæntɪˌfɑn/ antiphons n
antienne
A devotional chant; a piece of music sung responsively.

antiphony antiphonies n
antienne
(music, singing) Alternate, or responsive singing by a choir split into two parts; a piece sung or chanted in this manner.

antiphrasis antiphrases n
antiphrase
(rhetoric) Use of a word or phrase in a sense not in accord with its literal meaning, especially for ironic or humorous effect

antipiracy adj
antipiraterie
Acting to combat or prevent piracy

antiplatelet adj
antiplaquettaire
(immunology) Working against or destroying blood platelets.

antipodagric adj
antipodagrique

antipodism n
antipodisme
A form of foot juggling where the juggler lies on his or her back, usually on a sort of chair.

antipodist antipodists n
antipodiste
One who practices antipodism; one who juggles using his or her feet lying down.

antipope /ˈantɪpəʊp/ /ˈæntiˌpoʊp/ /ˈænˌtaɪˌpoʊp/ antipopes n
antipape
(Christianity) A person who claims or claimed to be the pope, usually as the result of a disputed election or deposition, but is not considered by the Roman Catholic Church to be the real pope.

antipopular more antipopular most antipopular adj
antipopulaire
Opposing the people.

antiproliferative adj
antiprolifératif
Tending to suppress cell growth, especially the growth of malignant cells into surrounding tissue

antiprotectionist more antiprotectionist most antiprotectionist adj
antiprotectionniste
(economy) Describing a person who disapproves of protectionism, or of a policy that is counter to protectionism

antiproton antiprotons n
antiproton
(physics) The antiparticle of the proton, having a negative electric charge.

antiproverb antiproverbs n
antiparémie
A humorous adaptation of one or more existing proverbs.

antiptosis /æntɪpˈtəʊsɪs/ /ˌantɪpˈtəʊsɪs/ antiptoses n
antiptose
(grammar, rhetoric) Substitution of one grammatical case for another.

antipyretic /ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/ adj
antipyrétique
(pharmaceutical effect) That reduces fever.

antipyretic /ˌæntɪpaɪˈɹɛtɪk/ antipyretics n
antipyrétique
(pharmaceutical drug) A medicine that reduces fever; a febrifuge.

antiquarian /ˌæn.tɪˈkwɛɹ.i.ən/ more antiquarian most antiquarian adj
antique
Pertaining to antiquaries, or to antiquity.

antiquarian /ˌæn.tɪˈkwɛɹ.i.ən/ antiquarians n
antiquaire
A collector or student of, or expert in, antiquities or antiques.

antiquark antiquarks n
antiquark
(particle) The antiparticle of a quark.

antiquated /ˈæntɪˌkweɪtɪd/ more antiquated most antiquated adj
vieilli
old-fashioned, out of date

antique /ænˈtiːk/ antiquer antiquest adj
antique ancien
Belonging to former times, not modern, out of date, old-fashioned.

antique /ænˈtiːk/ antiques n
antique antiquité
(figuratively, mildly, pejorative) An old person.
In general, anything very old; specifically:

antiques market antiques markets n
marché d'antan
(This entry is a translation hub.)

antiquity /ænˈtɪk.wə.ti/ /ænˈtɪk.wɪ.ti/ antiquities n
Antiquité antiquité
Ancient times; faraway history; former ages
The people of ancient times.
The state of being ancient or of ancient lineage.
antiquité Antiquité
(often, constructed as an uncountable plural) A relic or monument of ancient times, such as a coin, a statue, etc.; an ancient institution.

antiracism antiracisms n
antiracisme
(sociology) Opposition to racism.

antiradar adj
antirradar
(military) Preventing detection by radar.

antired /ˌæntiˈɹɛd/ adj
antirouge
(particle physics) One of the three possible colours of an antiquark, corresponding to red in a quark.

antireligious more antireligious most antireligious adj
antireligieux
Opposed to religion.

antiretroviral more antiretroviral most antiretroviral adj
antirétroviral
(pharmaceutical effect) That combats infection by retroviruses

antiretroviral antiretrovirals n
rétroviral
(medicine, pharmacology) An agent that combats retroviruses.

antirevolutionary more antirevolutionary most antirevolutionary adj
antirévolutionnaire
Opposing a sociopolitical revolution.

antiriot adj
antiémeute
Serving to counteract rioting.

antisense /ˌæntaɪˈsɛns/ /ˌæntiˈsɛns/ antisenses n
antisens
(genetics) A molecule which interacts with a complementary strand of nucleic acids, so as to suppress its transcription.

antisepsis antisepses n
antiseptique
(hygiene) The science and practice of countering microbial infection, as with the use of antiseptics, and the use of aseptic technique.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ more antiseptic most antiseptic adj
antiseptique
Of, or relating to antisepsis, or the use of antiseptics.
(pharmaceutical effect) Capable of preventing microbial infection.

antiseptic /ˌæntiˈsɛptɪk/ antiseptics n
antiseptique
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance that inhibits the growth and reproduction of microorganisms. Generally includes only those that are used on living objects (as opposed to disinfectants) and aren't transported by the lymphatic system to destroy bacteria in the body (as opposed to antibiotics).

antiskid adj
antipatinage
Designed to increase friction, and thereby reduce the possibility of skid. (of a surface)

antislavery more antislavery most antislavery adj
antiesclavagiste
(sociology) Opposed to the practice of slavery.

antislavism n
antislavisme
Antislavic sentiment, in general: negative attitude towards Slavic peoples.

antismoking adj
antitabac
Opposing or prohibiting smoking, particularly the smoking of tobacco

antisocial /ˌæntaɪˈsoʊʃəl/ /ˌæntiˈsoʊʃəl/ more antisocial most antisocial adj
antisocial asocial
Unwilling or unable to cooperate and associate normally with other people

antisocial personality disorder antisocial personality disorders n
personnalité antisociale
(psychology) A personality disorder marked by antisocial behavior, a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood.

antisocratic more antisocratic most antisocratic adj
antisocratique
contrary to the philosophy of Socrates

antisoviet more antisoviet most antisoviet adj
antisoviétique
(geopolitics) Opposing the Soviet Union.

antispasmodic adj
antispasmodique antispastique
(pharmaceutical effect) Referring to something that suppresses spasms, generally a drug.

antistatism n
antiétatisme
(politics) Opposition to state intervention into personal, social or economic affairs.

antisymmetric adj
antisymétrique
(set theory, order theory, of a binary relation R on a set S) Having the property that, for any two distinct elements of S, at least one is not related to the other via R; equivalently, having the property that, for any x, y ∈ S, if both xRy and yRx then x=y.

antitank adj
anti-char
(military) Of weapons or tactics, designed for attacking tanks or other armored vehicles.

antitauon antitauons n
antitau antitauon
(particle) the antiparticle of the tauon.

antitaurine adj
antitaurin
Inhibiting or counteracting taurine

antitax adj
antifiscal
(politics) Acting against or opposed to taxes.

antitaxic adj
antitaxique
(biology) relating to movement away from a stimulus

antiterrorism n
antiterrorisme contreterrorisme
(law enforcement, military, often, attributive) Activity aiming at opposing or preventing terrorism.

antiterrorist more antiterrorist most antiterrorist adj
antiterroriste
Preventing or counteracting terrorism, or reducing the threat from terrorism.

antitheft adj
anti-vol antivol
Against or preventing from being stolen.

antitheism n
antithéisme
The categorical opposition to the belief in any and all deities.

antithesis /æn.ˈtɪ.θə.sɪs/ antitheses n
antithèse
A proposition that is the diametric opposite of some other proposition.

antithetical /ˌæntɪˈθɛtɪkəl/ more antithetical most antithetical adj
antithétique
Pertaining to antithesis, or opposition of words and sentiments; containing, or of the nature of, antithesis; contrasted.

antitotalitarian adj
antitotalitaire
(politics) Opposed to or acting against totalitarianism or totalitarian behavior.

antitoxic adj
antitoxique
(immunology) that counteracts a toxin or poison

antitrans more antitrans most antitrans adj
anti-trans antitrans
Antitransgender or antitranssexual.

antitransgender more antitransgender most antitransgender adj
anti-transgenre
Against transgender people.

antitranssexual more antitranssexual most antitranssexual adj
anti-transsexuel antitranssexuel

antitrinitarianism n
antitrinitarisme
(theology) Rejection of the Trinitarian doctrine that God subsists as three distinct persons in the single substance of the Holy Trinity; nontrinitarianism.

antitrust /ˌæntiˈtɹʌst/ adj
antimonopolistique antitrust
(legal) Opposed to or against the establishment or existence of trusts (monopolies), usually referring to legislation.

antitussive antitussives n
antitussif médicament contre la toux sirop contre la toux
(pharmaceutical drug) A cough suppressant or a drug that inhibits coughing.

antityphoid adj
antityphique
(immunology) Countering typhoid fever.

antiulcerous adj
antiulcéreux
(medicine) Serving to prevent or counteract ulcers

antivenereal more antivenereal most antivenereal adj
antivénérien
(medicine) That is used to treat or cure venereal disease

antivirus antiviruses n
antivirus
(computing) A piece of software that is used to detect, delete and or neutralize computer-based viruses.

antiwater n
l'antieau
(particle physics) A hypothetical substance resembling water but made from antimatter.

antiwhite more antiwhite most antiwhite adj
antiblanc
Hostile to white people or white culture.

antixerophthalmic more antixerophthalmic most antixerophthalmic adj
antixérophtalmique
(medicine) Countering xerophthalmia.

antler /ˈænt.lə/ /ˈænt.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.lɚ/ /ˈænʔ.ɫɚ/ antlers n
bois andouiller
A deciduous branching and bony structure on the head of deer, moose and elk, normally in pairs. They are grown and shed each year. (Compare with horn, which is generally not shed.)

antlion antlions n
fourmi-lion fourmilion
Any of various species of insects, many of them nocturnal, in the family Myrmeleontidae. The adults superficially resemble the unrelated damselflies. The larvae bury themselves in sand below a cone-shaped pit in which they trap insects such as ants.

antonomasia /ænˌtɒnəʊˈmeɪzɪə/ /ˌæntənəʊˈmeɪzɪə/ /ˌæntənəˈmeɪʒə/ antonomasias n
antonomase
(rhetoric) The substitution of an epithet or title in place of a proper noun.

antonomastically adv
antonomastiquement
(rhetoric) In terms of, or by means of, antonomasia.

antonym /ˈæn.təˌnɪm/ antonyms n
antonyme
(semantics) A word which has the opposite meaning of another word.

antonymous /ænt.əˈnɪm.ʌs/ /ænˈtɑnɪməs/ /ænˈtɒn.ɪ.məs/ more antonymous most antonymous adj
antinomique
Having an opposite or diametrically opposite meaning.

antonymy /ˈæntə.nɪm.i/ antonymies n
antonymie
(semantics) The semantic relation between antonyms; the quality of being antonymous.

antrum /ˈæn.tɹəm/ antra antrums n
antre
(biology) A bodily cavity, especially one having bony walls, especially one in the sinuses.

antshrike antshrikes n
batara
Any of several passerine bird species of various genera in the antbird (Thamnophilidae) family.

antsy /ˈæn.tsi/ antsier antsiest adj
agité inquiet
(slang) restless, apprehensive and fidgety

anuran /æ-/ /əˈn(j)ʊɹən/ /əˈnjʊəɹ(ə)n/ anurans n
anoure
(batrachology) Any amphibian of the order Anura; a frog, a toad.

anuria anurias n
anurie
(medicine) A condition in which the kidneys do not produce urine.

anurous adj
anoure
Having no tail.

anus /ˈeɪ.nəs/ ani anuses n
anus trou du cul trou de cul
(anatomy) The lower orifice of the alimentary canal, through which feces and flatus are ejected.

anusvara anusvaras n
anusvara
A diacritic used in Indic scripts as a nasal consonant.

anvil /ˈæn.vəl/ /ˈæn.vɪl/ anvils n
enclume
A heavy iron block used in the blacksmithing trade as a surface upon which metal can be struck and shaped.
enclume incus
(skeleton) The incus bone in the middle ear.

anxiety /ˌæŋ(ɡ)ˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ anxieties n
anxiété inquiétude
An unpleasant state of mental uneasiness, nervousness, apprehension and obsession or concern about some uncertain event.
anxiété angoisse
(pathology) A state of restlessness and agitation, often accompanied by a distressing sense of oppression or tightness in the stomach.

anxiodepressive adj
anxiodépressif
(pathology) Associated with anxiety and depression

anxiogenic more anxiogenic most anxiogenic adj
anxiogène
(pharmaceutical effect) Causing anxiety, or pertaining to the causing of anxiety.

anxious /ˈeɪŋ(k).ʃəs/ /ˈæŋ(k).ʃəs/ /ˈæŋ(k)ʃəs/ anxiouser anxiousest more anxious most anxious adj
anxieux
Having a feeling of anxiety or disquietude; extremely concerned, especially about something that will happen in the future or that is unknown.
désireux
Earnestly desirous.

anxiously /ˈæŋ(k).ʃəs.li/ more anxiously most anxiously adv
anxieusement
In an anxious manner; with painful uncertainty; solicitously.

any /ˈæni/ /ˈɛni/ /ˈɛnɪ/ /ˈɪni/ adv
du tout
To even the slightest extent, at all.

any /ˈæni/ /ˈɛni/ /ˈɛnɪ/ /ˈɪni/ determiner
aucun
(negative polarity item) One at all; at least one; at least one kind of; some; a positive quantity of.
quelconque n'importe quel
No matter what kind.

any hole's a goal proverb
un trou c'est un trou

any minute now adv
d'un moment à l'autre
Very soon.

any more /ˌæ.niˈmoːɹ/ /ˌæ.niˈmɔːɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmoə/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔɹ/ /ˌɛ.niˈmɔː/ adv
plus
(in negative or interrogative constructions) From a given time onwards; longer, again.

any old determiner
n'importe quel
(idiomatic, informal) Any, absolutely any, any typical, a run-of-the-mill.

any other business phraseologicalUnit
les divers
The last item on the agenda for a meeting, when any matter not already dealt with may be raised. Abbreviations: a.o.b., AOB.

any way one slices it /ˌɛni‿weɪ wʌn ˈslaɪsəz‿ət/ /ˌɛni‿weɪ wʌn ˈslaɪsɪz‿ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
de toute façon en tout cas
(chiefly, US, informal) From any perspective; in every case.

anybody /ˈɛn.i.bɑd.i/ /ˈɛn.i.bɒd.i/ /ˈɛn.i.bə.di/ /ˈɛn.i.bʌ.di/ pronoun
n’importe qui

anyhow /ˈæn.i.haʊ/ /ˈɛn.i.haʊ/ adv
de toute manière
(manner) In any way or manner whatever.

anyone /ˈæniˌwʌn/ /ˈɛniˌwʌn/ pronoun
quelqu'un n'importe qui personne quelqu'une
Any person; anybody.

anyone else pronoun
personne [[d']]autre toute autre personne
Any other person.

anyone's guess n
mystère surprise

anything /ˈæ.ni.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.ni.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.nə.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛ.nɪ.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.i.θɪŋ/ /ˈɛn.ɪ.θɪŋ/ pronoun
n’importe quoi rien
Any object, act, state, event, or fact whatever; a thing of any kind; something or other.

anything but adv
tout sauf
Not at all; quite the contrary (of).

anything else pronoun
autre chose et avec ça
Any other thing. (This entry is a translation hub.)

anytime adv
n'importe quand toujours
At any time.

anyway /ˈɛniweɪ/ adv
de toute façon quand même
(conjunctive) Regardless; anyhow. [from 19th c.]
en tout cas de toute façon d'ailleurs
Used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement. See anyhow and at least. [from 19th c.]
bref
Used to indicate a change of subject.
quoi qu'il en soit
(obsolete) In any way. [16th–19th c.]

anywhere /ˈɛn.i.(h)wɛɹ/ /ˈɛn.iː.(h)wɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛnɪwɛə/ adv
n'importe où nulle part où que ce soit
In or at any location.

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ adj
aoriste
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a verb in the aorist aspect.

aorist /ˈeɪ.ə.ɹɪst/ /ˈɛə.ɹɪst/ aorists n
aoriste
(grammar) A verb paradigm found in certain languages, usually an unmarked form or one that expresses the perfective or aorist aspect.

aorist aspect n
aoriste
(grammar) A temporal feature of the verb which denotes the speaker's standpoint of the event described by the verb, as from outside of the event and seeing it as a completed whole.

aorta /eɪˈɔɹtə/ /eɪˈɔːtə/ aortae aortas n
aorte
(anatomy) The great artery which carries the blood from the heart to all parts of the body except the lungs; the main trunk of the arterial system.

aortic /eɪˈɔɹ.tɪk/ adj
aortique
Of or pertaining to the aorta or the aortic valve.

aortic arch aortic arches n
arc aortique crosse de l’aorte
(anatomy) The curving portion of the aorta that bends between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta, from which the brachiocephalic artery, left carotid artery, and left subclavian artery arise.

apace /əˈpeɪs/ adv
aller bon train rapidement
Quickly, rapidly, with speed.

apadravya apadravyas n
Apadravya
A glans penis piercing where jewellery passes vertically through the urethra.

apagoge /ˈæ.pə.ɡəʊ.d͡ʒi/ apagoges n
apagogie
(logic) An indirect argument which proves a thing by showing the impossibility or absurdity of the contrary.

apanage /ˈæpənɪd͡ʒ/ apanages n
apanage
(historical) A grant (especially by a sovereign) of land (or other source of revenue) as a birthright.

apart /əˈpɑɹt/ /əˈpɑː(ɹ)t/ more apart most apart adv
séparé séparément à part
Placed separately (in regard to space or time).
en morceaux en pièces
In or into two or more parts.

apart from preposition
hormis à part excepté mis à part
Except for; besides, apart (postposition).

apartheid /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/ /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/ /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/ /əˈpɑːthaɪt/ /əˈpɑːtheɪt/ v
apartheid
To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.

aparthotel aparthotels n
appart-hôtel appart’hôtel
A form of hotel having self-catering apartments instead of bedrooms or suites.

apartment /əˈpɑɹt.mənt/ /əˈpɑːt.mənt/ apartments n
appartement
(chiefly, North America, Australia, Philippines) A complete domicile occupying only part of a building, especially one for rent; a flat.
appartements
(archaic) A suite of rooms within a domicile, designated for a specific person or persons and including a bedroom.

apartment building apartment buildings n
immeuble résidentiel
A residential building containing multiple apartments or flats.

apatheism /ˌæpəˈθi.ɪzəm/ n
apathéisme
(religion) Apathy towards the existence of a god; belief that the question of the existence of a god is unimportant.

apathetic /æp.əˈθɛt.ɪk/ more apathetic most apathetic adj
indifférent apathique
Void of feeling; not susceptible of deep emotion.

apathy /ˈæ.pə.θi/ apathies n
apathie
Lack of emotion or motivation; lack of interest or enthusiasm towards something; disinterest (in something).

apatite /ˈæpətaɪt/ /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ apatites n
apatite
(mineral) A calcium fluoride phosphate of variable composition, sometimes used in the manufacture of fertilizer, as a gemstone, and (in powdered form) as a pigment, and also produced biologically in bones and teeth.

apatosaur apatosaurs n
apatosaure
A large, herbivorous, gregarious sauropod dinosaur, of the genus Apatosaurus, from Jurassic North America; it had a long neck and tail.

ape /eɪp/ apes n
singe hominoïdé singe anthropoïde
A primate of the clade Hominoidea, generally larger than monkeys and distinguished from them by having no tail.

ape /eɪp/ v
singer
(transitive) To imitate or mimic, particularly to imitate poorly.

ape leader ape leaders n
vieille fille
(idiomatic, obsolete) An old maid.

apeptic more apeptic most apeptic adj
apeptique

apericube apericubes n
apéricube

aperture /ˈap.ə.tjʊə/ /ˈap.ə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈæp.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtjʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌtʊɹ/ /ˈæp.ɚˌt͡ʃʊɹ/ apertures n
ouverture
A small or narrow opening, gap, slit, or hole.
(astronomy, photography) The diameter of such a hole which restricts the width of the lightpath through the whole system. For a telescope, this is the diameter of the objective lens.

apetalous adj
apétale
(botany) Having no petals.

apex /ˈeɪ.pɛks/ apexes apices n
apex
(chiefly, anatomy) The pointed fine end of something.
(geometry) The highest point in a plane or solid figure, relative to a base line or plane.
apex sommet
The highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point.
apogée
(figuratively) The moment of greatest success, expansion, etc.

apex predator apex predators n
superprédateur
An animal atop the food chain, preying on another animals, and not itself preyed upon.

aphagia aphagias n
aphagie
(medicine) The condition of difficulty in swallowing.

aphakic adj
aphake aphakique
(ophthalmology) Exhibiting aphakia; lacking the lens of the eye.

aphantasia /ˌeɪ.fænˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /ˌeɪ.fænˈteɪ.ʒə/ n
aphantasie
(psychology, pathology) A condition where one does not possess a functioning "mind's eye" and cannot visualize imagery.

aphasia /əˈfeɪzɪə/ /əˈfeɪʒə/ aphasias n
aphasie
(pathology) A partial or total loss of language skills due to brain damage. Usually, damage to the left perisylvian region, including Broca's area and Wernicke's area, causes aphasia.

aphasiology n
aphasiologie
(speech therapy) The study of linguistic problems resulting from brain damage.

aphelion /æpˈhi.li.ə/ /æpˈhi.li.ən/ /æpˈhil.jə/ /æpˈhil.jən/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ə/ /æpˈhiː.lɪ.ən/ /əˈfi.li.ə/ /əˈfi.li.ən/ /əˈfil.jə/ /əˈfil.jən/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ə/ /əˈfiː.lɪ.ən/ aphelia aphelions n
aphélie
(astronomy, also, figuratively) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, or other astronomical object, where it is farthest from the Sun.

apheresis /əˈfɛɹəsɪs/ /əˈfɪəɹɪsɪs/ /ˌæfəˈɹisɪs/ aphereses n
aphérèse
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) Elision, suppression, or complete loss of a letter or sound (syllable) from the beginning of a word, such as the development of special from especial; procope.
(medicine, specific, still current) The removal of blood from a patient, and the removal of certain components (such as platelets) from that blood, followed by the transfusion of the filtered blood back to the donor (patient).

aphesis /ˈæ.fə.sɪs/ apheses n
aphérèse
(phonetics, linguistics, prosody) The loss of the initial unstressed vowel of a word.

aphetism /ˈæ.fəˌtɪ.zəm/ aphetisms n
aphérèse
The aphetized form of a word, i.e. a word which has dropped its initial vowel or syllable, such as squire.

aphid /ˈeɪ.fɪd/ aphids n
puceron
A sap-sucking insect pest of the superfamily Aphidoidea; an aphidian.

aphonia aphonias n
aphonie
(medicine) Loss of voice; the inability to speak.

aphorism /ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zəm/ [ˈæf.ə.ɹɪ.zm̩] aphorisms n
aphorisme
A concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle.

aphotic /eɪˈfoʊtɪk/ /eɪˈfəʊtɪk/ more aphotic most aphotic adj
aphotique
Having no light, especially no sunlight; specifically (biology, oceanography) describing that part of deep lakes and oceans where less than one per cent of sunlight penetrates and where photosynthesis is not possible.

aphrodisiac /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdi.zi.æk/ /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdɪ.zi.æk/ adj
aphrodisiaque
Arousing or intensifying sexual desire.

aphrodisiac /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdi.zi.æk/ /æf.ɹoʊ.ˈdɪ.zi.æk/ aphrodisiacs n
aphrodisiaque
Something, generally a food or drug, having such an effect.

aphthous ulcer aphthous ulcers n
aphte

aphylactic adj
aphylactique
(cartography) Of a map projection: Neither conformal or equal-area.

apiarian /eɪpɪˈɛəɹɪən/ adj
apiaire
Pertaining to bees or beekeeping.

apiary /ˈeɪ.pi.ə.ɹi/ /ˈeɪ.pi.ɛɹ.i/ apiaries n
rucher
A place where bees and their hives are kept.

apicifloral adj
apiciflore

apicodental adj
apicodental

apicoplast apicoplasts n
apicoplaste
(microbiology) A relict, non-photosynthetic plastid found in most of the Apicomplexa, proposed to have evolved via secondary endosymbiosis and surrounded by four membranes within the outermost part of the endomembrane system

apiculate more apiculate most apiculate adj
apiculé
(botany) Having a short, sharply pointed tip.

apiculus apiculi n
hile
(mycology) The part of a spore which attaches to the sterigmata at the end of a basidium.

apiece /əˈpis/ /əˈpiːs/ adv
chacun chacune
Each by itself; for or to each one

apiol apiols n
apiol
(organic chemistry) An oleoresin extracted from parsley

aplacental adj
aplacentaire
(zoology) Lacking a placenta; belonging to the Aplacentata.

aplanat aplanats n
aplanat
(optics) A lens that has been corrected for spherical aberration and coma in order to produce a rectilinear image.

aplanatic more aplanatic most aplanatic adj
aplanétique
(optics, of an optical system) Free from, or corrected for, spherical aberration and chromatic aberration

aplasia aplasias n
aplasie
(pathology) A condition marked by the incomplete development, or entire absence, of an organ or tissue.

aplastic adj
aplasique
(pathology) Relating to aplasia.

aplitic more aplitic most aplitic adj
aplitique
(geology) Composed of, or relating to, aplite.

apnea apneas n
apnée
(pathology) The cessation of breathing, most often in reference to transient instances thereof during sleep.

apo- prefix
apo-
away from, or separate
without, or lacking
(chemistry) derived from, or related to
(proteins) the apoprotein form of the protein

apoapsis apoapses apoapsides apoapsises n
apoapse apoapside
(astronomy) The point of a body's elliptical orbit about the system's centre of mass where the distance between the body and the centre of mass is at its maximum.

apocalypse /əˈpɑkəlɪps/ /əˈpɒkəlɪps/ apocalypses n
apocalypse
(Christianity) The unveiling of events prophesied in the Revelation; the second coming and the end of life on Earth; global destruction. [from 19th c.]
A disaster; a cataclysmic event; destruction or ruin. [from 19th c.]

apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/ adj
apocalyptique
Of or relating to an apocalypse (a revelation), revelatory; prophetic.

apocalyptic /əˈpɒ.kə.lɪp.tɪk/ apocalyptics n
apocalyptique
One who predicts apocalypse.

apocopate adj
apocopé
Shortened by apocope; lacking a final sound or syllable

apocopate v
apocoper
(linguistics) To shorten using apocope; to remove the final sound or syllable.

apocope /əˈpɒ.kə.pi/ apocopes n
apocope
(loosely) The loss or omission of a sound or syllable from the end of a word.

apocopic adj
apocopique
(linguistics) Of or pertaining to apocope; lacking a final sound or syllable.

apocrisiarius apocrisiarii n
apocrisiaire
(historical, ecclesiastical) A high diplomatic representative, approximately equivalent to a papal nuncio.

apocryphal /əˈpɑːkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɑːkɹɪfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹəfəl/ /əˈpɒkɹɪfəl/ more apocryphal most apocryphal adj
apocryphe
(by extension) Of dubious veracity; of questionable accuracy or truthfulness; anecdotal or in the nature of an urban legend.

apodal adj
apode
(biology) Without feet or foot-like body parts; legless.

apodictic /apoʊˈdɪktɪk/ /apəʊˈdaɪktɪk/ /apəʊˈdɪktɪk/ /æpəˈdɪktɪk/ more apodictic most apodictic adj
apodictique
Incontrovertible; demonstrably true or certain.

apodosis /əˈpɒdəsɪs/ apodoses n
apodose
(logic, grammar) The consequential clause in a conditional sentence.

apodyterium /ˌæpədaɪˈtɪəɹi.əm/ apodyteria apodyteriums n
apodytère apodytérium
(architecture, historical) The apartment at the entrance of the baths, or in the palestra, for getting undressed.

apogalacticon apogalacticons n
apogalacticon
(astronomy) The point in the orbit of a star at which it is furthest from the centre of its local galaxy

apogamy /əˈpɒɡəmɪ/ n
apogamie
(botany) Asexual reproduction of a fully formed plant directly from a bud.

apogee /ˈæp.ə.d͡ʒi/ apogees n
apogée
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is farthest from the Earth: the apoapsis of an Earth orbiter.

apolitical more apolitical most apolitical adj
apolitique
Having no interest or involvement in politics; Disinterest in such matters.
Having no political relevance or function.

apologetic /əˌpɑləˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ /əˌpɒləˈdʒɛtɪk/ more apologetic most apologetic adj
apologétique
Having the character of apology; regretfully excusing.

apologetically more apologetically most apologetically adv
apologétiquement
In an apologetic manner; by way of defense, apology or excuse.

apologetics n
apologétique
The field of study concerned with the systematic defense of a position, or of religious or occult doctrines

apologist /əˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ apologists n
apologiste
One who speaks or writes in defense of a faith, a cause, or an institution.

apologize /əˈpɑləd͡ʒaɪz/ /əˈpɒləd͡ʒaɪz/ v
excuser s'excuser
(intransitive, often followed by “for”) To make an apology or excuse; to acknowledge some fault or offense, with expression of regret for it, by way of amends
s'excuser présenter des excuses
(intransitive) To express regret that a certain event has occurred.
excuser faire l'apologie de
(intransitive, dated) To make an apologia or defense; to act as apologist.

apologue /ˈæpəlɒɡ/ apologues n
apologue
A short story with a moral, often involving talking animals or objects; a fable.
(rhetoric) The use of fable to persuade the audience.

apology /əˈpɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /əˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ apologies n
excuse
An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing (saying that one is sorry).
apologie
A formal justification, defence.

apolysis n
apolyse
(biology) The separation of the cuticula from the epidermis in arthropods and related groups.
(religion) A prayer of dismissal at the end of an Eastern Orthodox service

apomictic more apomictic most apomictic adj
apomictique
(botany, zoology) Of, pertaining to, or characterised by apomixis.

apomixis apomixes n
apomixie
(botany) Plant reproduction without fertilization, meiosis, or the production of gametes.

apomorphine /ˌap.əˈmɔː.fiːn/ /ˌæp.əˈmɔɹˌfin/ apomorphines n
apomorphine

aponeurosis /ˌap.ə.njʊˈɹəʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæp.ə.nʊˈɹoʊ.sɪs/ aponeuroses n
aponévrose

apophantic adj
apophantique
Involving a declaration, statement, or proposition.

apophenia /æpəˈfiːni.ə/ apophenias n
apophénie
(psychology) The perception of or belief in connectedness among unrelated phenomena.

apophyge apophyges n
apophyge
(architecture) A curvature found on the top or bottom of certain columns.

apophysis /əˈpɑfɪsɪs/ /əˈpɒfɪsɪs/ apophyses n
apophyse
(anatomy) A natural outgrowth, swelling or enlargement, usually of an organism; a protuberance on a bone.

apoplast apoplasts n
apoplasme
(botany) The space outside of a plant's plasma membrane through which water and soluble nutrients are transported across a tissue or organ

apoplexy /ˈæp.ə.plɛk.si/ apoplexies n
apoplexie
(symptom) Gross hemorrhage into a cavity or into the substance of an organ.

apoptosis /ˌapɒpˈtəʊsɪs/ /ˌæ.pəˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌæpəpˈtoʊsəs/ apoptoses n
apoptose
(biology, cytology) A process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which leads to death of the cell, as occurs during growth and development of the organism, as a part of normal cell aging, or as a response to cellular injury. [from 20th c.]

aporophobia n
aporophobie pauvrophobie
(rare) A strong antipathy, aversion or hatred toward poverty or poor people.

aposematism /-pə-/ /ˌæpoʊsɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/ /ˌæpə(ʊ)sɪˈmætɪz(ə)m/ [-ɾɪ-] aposematisms n
aposématisme
(biology, chiefly, zoology) An adaptation, especially a form of coloration, that warns off potential predators.

aposiopesis /ˌæpəsaɪəˈpiːsɪs/ aposiopeses n
aposiopèse réticence
(rhetoric) An abrupt breaking-off in speech, often indicated in print using an ellipsis (…) or an em dash (—).

apostasy /əˈpɒ.stə.si/ /əˈpɔs.tə.si/ apostasies n
apostasie
The renunciation of a belief or set of beliefs.
Specifically, the renunciation of one's religion or faith.

apostate /əˈpɒs.teɪt/ /əˈpɒs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.teɪt/ /əˈpɔs.tət/ /əˈpɔs.tɪt/ apostates n
apostate apostat
A person who has renounced a religion or faith.

apostille apostilles n
apostille
A special sign established in 1961 for certifying foreign documents.

apostle /əˈpɑsl̩/ /əˈpɒs(ə)l/ apostles n
apôtre apôtresse
A missionary, or leader of a religious mission, especially one in the early Christian Church (but see Apostle).
apôtre
A top-ranking ecclesiastical official in the twelve seat administrative council of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

apostleship apostleships n
apostolat
The position, post, or duty of being an apostle

apostolate apostolates n
apostolat
The office, or responsibilities of an apostle.

apostolic /ˌæpəˈstɑːlɪk/ /ˌæpəˈstɒlɪk/ adj
apostolique
(Christianity) Pertaining to apostles or their practice of teaching; pertaining to the apostles (of early Christianity) or their teachings.
According to the doctrines of the apostles; delivered or taught by the apostles.

apostolic succession apostolic successions n
succession apostolique
(Christianity) The unbroken chain of consecrations by laying on of hands from the Apostles of Jesus Christ to the bishops, and from to bishop to bishop through the ages.

apostolically adv
apostoliquement
In an apostolic way.

apostolicity /əˌpɒstəˈlɪsɪti/ apostolicities n
apostolicité
(Christianity) The quality of being apostolic, notably of preserving authenticity within the mission and tradition of the Christian church as founded by Jesus Christ and his twelve original Apostles, through their representatives and successors in the papacy and episcopate.

apostrophe /əˈpɑs.tɹə.fi/ /əˈpɒs.tɹə.fi/ apostrophes n
apostrophe
(orthography) The text character ’, which serves as a punctuation mark in various languages and as a diacritical mark in certain rare contexts.
(rhetoric) A sudden exclamatory piece of dialogue addressed to someone or something, especially absent.

apostrophize v
apostropher
To add one or more apostrophe characters to text to indicate missing letters.

apothecium apothecia n
apothécie
(lichenology & mycology) A type of fructification of some ascomycete fungi, forming cyst structures of various shapes. Often the fungal components of lichens have this sort of fertile structure.

apothegm /ˈæ.pə.θɛm/ apothegms n
apophtegme apophthegme
A short, witty, instructive saying; an aphorism or maxim. [from mid-16th c.]

apothem /ˈæp.ə.θɛm/ apothems n
apothème
(geometry) The perpendicular distance from the center of a circle to a chord of the same circle.
(geometry) The distance from the center of a regular polygon perpendicular to one of its sides (a special case of the above).

apotheosis /əˌpɑː.θiˈoʊ.sɪs/ /əˌpɒθ.iːˈəʊ.sɪs/ apotheoses n
apothéose

apotheosize v
apothéoser
(transitive) To deify, to convert into a god.

apotheotic adj
apothéotique
Relating to apotheosis.

apotropaic /ˌæpətɹəˈpeɪ.ɪk/ more apotropaic most apotropaic adj
apotropaïque
(religion, mysticism) Intended to ward off evil. [from 1883]

apotropaism n
apotropaïsme
(religion, mysticism) The use of ritual or other magical means (including charms and/or incantations) to avert evil or bad luck.

app /æp/ [ʔæʔp̚] apps n
appli application programme
(computing, mobile phones) An application (program), especially a small one designed for a mobile device.

appalling /əˈpɔːlɪŋ/ more appalling most appalling adj
effroyable épouvantable
Horrifying and astonishing.
Extremely bad; terrible

apparatchik /apəˈɹatʃɪk/ /æpəˈɹæt͡ʃɪk/ apparatchiki apparatchiks n
apparatchik
(historical) A member of the Soviet apparat; a Communist bureaucrat or agent. [from 20th c.]
A blindly loyal bureaucrat. [from 20th c.]

apparatus /æp.əˈɹeɪ.təs/ /æp.əˈɹæt.əs/ /æp.əˈɹɑː.təs/ apparati apparatus apparatuses apparatusses apparatûs apparatūs n
appareil
A complex machine or instrument.
A bureaucratic organization, especially one influenced by political patronage.

apparent /əˈpæɹ.ənt/ /əˈpɛɚ.ənt/ more apparent most apparent adj
apparent visible
Capable of being seen, or easily seen; open to view; visible to the eye, eyely; within sight or view.
évident criant manifeste
Clear or manifest to the understanding; plain; evident; obvious; known; palpable; indubitable.
apparent
Appearing to the eye or mind (distinguished from, but not necessarily opposed to, true or real); seeming.

apparent magnitude apparent magnitudes n
magnitude apparente
(astronomy) a numerical measure of the brightness of a star, planet etc.; a decrease of 1 unit represents an increase in the light received by a factor of 2.512

apparently /əˈpæɹ.ənt.liː/ more apparently most apparently adv
apparemment évidemment
(archaic) Plainly; clearly; manifestly; evidently.
apparemment en apparence
Seemingly; in appearance.
apparemment
According to what the speaker has read or heard.

apparition /ˌæp.əɹˈɪʃn̩/ /ˌæp.ɚˈɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæp.ɚˈɪʃ.n̩/ apparitions n
apparition
An act of becoming visible; appearance; visibility.

appaumé adj
appaumé

appaz /əˈpæz/ adv
askip

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ appeals n
appel
An application to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.
A call to a person or an authority for a decision, help, or proof; an entreaty, an invocation.
attrait
(figuratively) A power to attract or interest.

appeal /əˈpil/ /əˈpiːl/ v
faire appel appel interjeter
(intransitive) Often followed by against (the inferior court's decision) or to (the superior court): to apply to a superior court or judge for a decision or order by an inferior court or judge to be reviewed and overturned.
plaire appeler
(intransitive) To call upon a person or an authority to corroborate a statement, to decide a controverted question, or to vindicate one's rights; to entreat, to invoke.
plaire
(intransitive, figuratively) To be attractive.

appeal to authority appeals to authority n
argument d'autorité
(logical fallacy) Deeming an assertion to be true because of the position or the authority of the person asserting it.

appealable more appealable most appealable adj
appelable susceptible d'appel susceptible de recours
(obsolete) That may be accused or called to answer by appeal.

appealing /əˈpi.lɪŋ/ /əˈpiː.lɪŋ/ /ʌˈpi.əl.ɪŋ/ more appealing most appealing adj
attrayant
Having appeal; attractive.

appear /əˈpiːɹ/ /əˈpɪə/ /əˈpɪɹ/ [əˈpʰɪɹ] v
apparaître paraître
(intransitive) To come or be in sight; to be in view; to become visible.
apparaître
(intransitive) To come before the public.
(intransitive) To stand in presence of some authority, tribunal, or superior person, to answer a charge, plead a cause, etc.; to present oneself as a party or advocate before a court, or as a person to be tried.
(intransitive) To become visible to the apprehension of the mind; to be known as a subject of observation or comprehension, or as a thing proved; to be obvious or manifest.
sembler paraître
(intransitive, copulative) To seem; to have a certain semblance; to look.

appearance /əˈpɪɹ.əns/ appearances n
apparition comparution
The act of appearing or coming into sight; the act of becoming visible to the eye.
apparition
A thing seen; a phenomenon; an apparition.
apparence
The way something looks; personal presence
Apparent likeness; the way which something or someone appears to others.
(legal) An instance of someone coming into a court of law to be part of a trial, either in person or represented by an attorney or such like; a court appearance

appearances are deceptive proverb
les apparences sont trompeuses
It is not possible to judge a person's character from their outward appearance.

appease /əˈpiːz/ v
apaiser
To make quiet; to calm; to reduce to a state of peace; to dispel (anger or hatred).
To come to terms with; to adapt to the demands of.

appeasement /əˈpiːz.mənt/ appeasements n
apaisement
The state of being appeased; the policy of giving in to demands in order to preserve the peace.

appeaser appeasers n
apaiseur apaiseuse
A person who appeases.

appellant /əˈpɛln̩t/ appellants n
appelant
(law) a litigant or party that is making an appeal in court

appellate court appellate courts n
cour d'appel
(legal) A court having jurisdiction to hear appeals and review a lower court's decisions.

appellative /əˈpɛlətɪv/ adj
appellatif
(grammar) Of or pertaining to an appellative noun or common noun.

append /əˈpɛnd/ /ʌˈpɛnd/ v
ajouter appendre suspendre
(transitive) To hang or attach to, as by a string, so that the thing is suspended
ajouter
(transitive) To add, as an accessory to the principal thing; to annex

appendectomy appendectomies n
appendicectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure for the removal of the vermiform appendix.

appendiceal /əˌpɛndəˈsiəl/ /ˈdɪʃəl/ /ˌæpənˈdɪsiəl/ adj
appendiculaire
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the appendix.

appendiciform adj
appendiciforme

appendicitis /əˈpɛnd.ɪ.saɪt.əs/ appendicites appendicitides appendicitises n
appendicite
(pathology) inflammation of the vermiform appendix

appendicolith appendicoliths n
stercolithe
(pathology) A calcified fecal deposit associated with appendicitis.

appendiculate more appendiculate most appendiculate adj
appendiculé
(biology) Bearing appendages, such as one of the leg-bearing segments of an insect.

appendix /əˈpɛn.dɪks/ /əˈpɪn.dɪks/ appendices appendixes n
appendice annexe
A text added to the end of a book or an article, containing additional information.

apperception /ˌæpəˈsɛpʃən/ /ˌæpɚˈsɛpʃən/ apperceptions n
aperception apperception
(uncountable, psychology, and, philosophy, especially Kantianism) The mind's perception of itself as the subject or actor in its own states, unifying past and present experiences; self-consciousness, perception that reflects upon itself.

appertain /æpɚˈteɪn/ v
appartenir
To belong to or be a part of, whether by right, nature, appointment, or custom; to relate to.

appetence /ˈæp.ɪ.təns/ appetences n
appétence
The state or action of desiring or craving.

appetite /ˈæpəˌtaɪt/ /ˈæpɪtaɪt/ appetites n
appétit
Any strong desire; an eagerness or longing.
The desire for some personal gratification, either of the body or of the mind.

appetite comes with eating phraseologicalUnit
l'appétit vient en mangeant
(idiom) Starting an activity increases one's desire to continue it.

appetizer appetizers n
entrée amuse-gueule garniture d'apéritif
A small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal

appetizing /ˈæp.ə.taɪz.ɪŋ/ more appetizing most appetizing adj
appétissant
That appeals to, or stimulates the appetite.

applaud /əˈplɑd/ /əˈplɔd/ /əˈplɔːd/ v
applaudir ovationner
(transitive, intransitive) To express approval (of something) by clapping the hands.
approuver louer
(transitive, intransitive) To praise, or express approval for something or someone.

applause /əˈplɑz/ /əˈplɔz/ /əˈplɔːz/ applauses n
applaudissement acclamation
The act of applauding; approbation and praise publicly expressed by the clapping of hands, stamping or tapping of the feet, acclamation, huzzas, or other means; marked commendation.

apple /ˈæp.əl/ [ˈæp.ɫ̩] apples n
pomme
(Christianity) The fruit of the tree of knowledge, eaten by Adam and Eve according to modern Christian tradition; the forbidden fruit. [from 11th c.]
pommier
The wood of the apple tree. [from 19th c.]

apple blossom apple blossoms n
fleur de pommier
The flower of an apple tree that will eventually turn into an apple.

apple core apple cores n
trognon de pomme
The central portion of an apple containing the seeds and where the stem attaches (and the opposed end). Particularly the portion that remains after the main part of the fruit has been eaten.

apple dumpling apple dumplings n
rabote
A baked dessert made from apples.

apple juice apple juices n
jus de pomme
The juice of apples, often used as a drink.

apple of Sodom /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈsɑdəm/ /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈsɒdəm/ apples of Sodom n
pommier de Sodome
The mudar (Calotropis procera), a flowering plant, found from northern Africa to southeast Asia, which bears poisonous fruit.

apple of discord /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈdɪskɔɹd/ /ˈæp(ə)l əv ˈdɪskɔːd/ apples of discord n
pomme de discorde
An object or topic which sows anger and dissension; something which causes argument, rivalry, or strife.

apple of someone's eye apples of someone's eye n
prunelle de ses yeux
(idiomatic) A favourite, a particular preference, or a loved one; the object of somebody's affections.

apple pear apple pears n
poire asiatique poire japonaise
Pyrus pyrifolia, the tree that bears this fruit.

apple pie /ˌæp.əlˈpaɪ/ /ˌæp.əlˈpɑɪ/ [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpaɪ] [ˌæp.ɫ̩ˈpɑɪ] apple pies n
tarte aux pommes tarte aux pommes
A pie or tart made with a filling of cooked apples.

apple sauce apple sauces n
compote de pommes marmelade de pommes
(UK spelling) A food prepared by pureeing cooked apples.

apple tree /ˈæpl̩ tɹi/ /ˈæpl̩ tɹiː/ apple trees n
pommier
(botany) Any tree that bears apples, principally Malus domestica but also certain wild species.

apple turnover apple turnovers n
chausson aux pommes gosette aux pommes
A pastry dessert filled with pieces of sweetened apples, with the pastry folded over to enclose the filling.

apple wine apple wines n
cidre
An alcoholic beverage made from apples; cider.

apple-corer apple-corers n
vide-pomme
A tool used to remove the apple core from an apple for use in cooking; some forms of the tool segment the apple at the same time as removing its core.

apple-green more apple-green most apple-green adj
vert pomme
of an apple-green colour

apples and oranges n
comparer des pommes et des poires mélanger des choux et des carottes mélanger les torchons et les serviettes
(idiomatic) A comparison of items that, however categorically similar, is inapt; an incompatible equation, or the items thus compared.

applesauce interjection
balivernes
(slang, US, dated) Nonsense!

applet applets n
applet applette appliquette
(computing) A small program module that runs under the control of a larger application, typically a web browser.

appliance /əˈplaɪəns/ appliances n
appareil
A non-manual apparatus or device, powered electrically or by another small motor, used in homes to perform domestic functions (household appliance) and/or in offices.
appareil électrique
An implement, an instrument or apparatus designed (or at least used) as a means to a specific end, especially:

applicable /əˈplɪkəbəl/ /ˈæplɪkəbəl/ more applicable most applicable adj
applicable
suitable for application, relevant

applicant /ˈæp.lə.kɪnt/ applicants n
candidat demandeur
One who applies for something; one who makes a request; a petitioner.

applicate applicates n
cote
(mathematics) The z-coordinate (the last of the three terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of Cartesian coordinates for a three-dimensional space)

application /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃən/ applications n
application
The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense
The act of applying as a means; the employment of means to accomplish an end; specific use.
The act of directing or referring something to a particular case, to discover or illustrate agreement or disagreement, fitness, or correspondence.
The act of requesting, claiming, or petitioning something.
(comptheory) The substitution of a specific value for the parameter in the abstraction, in lambda calculus.
application programme
(computing) A computer program or the set of software that the end user perceives as a single entity as a tool for a well-defined purpose. (Also called: application program; application software.)
demande candidature
A verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school, course or similar.

application programming interface application programming interfaces n
interface de programmation
(computing, programming) A set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications, which makes it possible for software components to interact with one another, leading to the ability to share data over a network.

applicative /əˈplɪkətɪv/ more applicative most applicative adj
applicatif
Having practical application; applicable.

applied /əˈplaɪd/ adj
appliqué
Put into practical use.

applied arts n
arts appliqués
The art of using of design and decoration to make everyday usable items aesthetically pleasing.

applique /əˈpliː.keɪ/ /ˈæ.plɪ.keɪ/ /ˌæ.plɪˈ.keɪ/ appliques n
appliqué inversé
(arts) A decorative design made by cutting pieces of material and applying them to the surface of another for decoration.

apply /əˈplaɪ/ v
appliquer
(transitive) To lay or place; to put (one thing to another)
(transitive) To put to use; to use or employ for a particular purpose, or in a particular case
postuler s'inscrire
(intransitive) To submit oneself as a candidate (with the adposition "to" designating the recipient of the submission, and the adposition "for" designating the position).

appoint /əˈpɔɪnt/ v
nommer désigner choisir attribuer
fixer poser
(transitive, legal) To fix the disposition of (property) by designating someone to take use of (it).
déterminer fixer poser
(obsolete, transitive) To fix with power or firmness by decree or command; to ordain or establish.

appointment /əˈpɔɪnt.mɛnt/ /əˈpɔɪnt.mɪnt/ [əˈpʰɔɪ̯nʔmɪnʔ] [əˈpʰɔɪ̯̃ʔmɪnʔ] appointments n
nomination
The act of appointing a person to hold an office or to have a position of trust
nomination rendez-vous rencard
(government) The assignment of a person by an official to perform a duty, such as a presidential appointment of a judge to a court.

apportion /əˈpɔɹʃən/ /əˈpɔːʃən/ v
partager répartir
(transitive) To divide and distribute portions of a whole.

apportionment apportionments n
partage répartition
(US) The distribution of members of the House of Representatives according to the population of the various states.

apposable adj
apposable
(anatomy) Capable of being apposed, or applied one to another, as the thumb to the fingers of the hand; able to be brought into direct spatial opposition.

appositely more appositely most appositely adv
pertinemment
In an apposite manner.

apposition /ˌæpəˈzɪʃn̩/ appositions n
apposition
(grammar) A construction in which one noun or noun phrase is placed with another as an explanatory equivalent, both of them having the same syntactic function in the sentence.

appraisal /əˈpɹeɪzəl/ appraisals n
estimation évaluation jugement
A judgment or assessment of the value of something, especially a formal one.

appraise /əˈpɹeɪz/ v
estimer évaluer

appreciable /əˈpɹiːʃəbl/ more appreciable most appreciable adj
appréciable
(usually) Both detectable#Adjective and at least modestly substantial#Adjective: large enough to be estimated and to be of practical relevance#Noun.

appreciably more appreciably most appreciably adv
appréciablement
In an appreciable manner; to a large extent; considerably.

appreciate /əˈpɹiː.si.eɪt/ /əˈpɹiː.ʃi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹɪʃ.i.eɪt/ v
être reconnaissant de apprécier
(transitive) To be grateful or thankful for.
apprécier à sa juste valeur
(transitive) To view as valuable.
se rendre bien compte de
(transitive) To be fully conscious of; understand; be aware of; detect.
prendre de la valeur
(intransitive, transitive) To increase in value.

appreciated more appreciated most appreciated adj
apprécié
recognized as having value

appreciation /əˌpɹiː.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ appreciations n
appréciation estimation évaluation
A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc.; recognition of excellence; gratitude and esteem.
appréciation
A rise in value.

appreciator appreciators n
appréciateur appréciatrice
Someone who appreciates a given thing, especially:

apprehend /æpɹiˈhɛnd/ v
appréhender
To anticipate (something, usually unpleasant); especially, to anticipate (something) with anxiety, dread, or fear; to dread, to fear.
appréhender arrêter
(law enforcement) To seize or take (a person) by legal process; to arrest.
appréhender comprendre
To take hold of (something) with understanding; to conceive (something) in the mind; to become cognizant of; to understand.

apprehensible more apprehensible most apprehensible adj
appréhensible
Which can be apprehended (usually in the sense of being understood).

apprehensive /ˌæpɹɪˈhɛnsɪv/ more apprehensive most apprehensive adj
inquiet appréhensif soucieux
Anticipating something with anxiety, fear, or doubt; reluctant.
perspicace vif
(obsolete) Perceptive; quick to learn; capable of understanding using one's intellect.

apprentice /əˈpɹɛntɪs/ apprentices n
apprenti
A trainee, especially in a skilled trade.

apprenticeship /əˈpɹɛn.tɪs.ʃɪp/ apprenticeships n
apprentissage
The condition of, or the time served by, an apprentice.
The system by which a person learning a craft or trade is instructed by a master for a set time under set conditions.

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ approaches n
approche
(also, figuratively) An act of drawing near in place or time; an advancing or coming near.
(figuratively) A manner of making (a policy) or solving (a problem, etc.).

approach /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃ/ v
approcher
(intransitive) To come or go near, in place or time; to move toward; to advance nearer; to draw nigh.
(ambitransitive, figuratively) Used intransitively, followed by to: to draw near (to someone or something); to make advances; to approximate or become almost equal.
(transitive, military) To take approaches to (a place); to move towards (a place) by using covered roads, trenches, or other works.

approachable more approachable most approachable adj
approchable abordable
Easily approached; easy to talk to.

approaching /əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃɪŋ/ /əˈpɹəʊt͡ʃɪŋ/ approachings n
approche
The act of coming closer; an approach.

approbation /ˌæp.ɹoʊˈbeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæp.ɹəʊˈbeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈbeɪ.ʃən/ approbations n
approbation
The act of approving; an assenting to the propriety of a thing with some degree of pleasure or satisfaction; approval, sanction, commendation or official recognition.

approbative /əˈpɹoʊˈbeɪ.tɪv/ /əˈpɹəʊ.beɪ.tɪv/ /ˈæp.ɹəˌbeɪ.tɪv/ more approbative most approbative adj
approbateur approbatif
Expressing approval.

appropriate /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ more appropriate most appropriate adj
approprié idoine
Suitable or fit; proper.

appropriate /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹoʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.eɪt/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ət/ /əˈpɹəʊ.pɹi.ɪt/ v
approprier
(transitive, archaic) To make suitable to; to suit.

appropriately more appropriately most appropriately adv
convenablement de manière appropriée
In an appropriate manner; properly; suitably.

approval /əˈpɹuvəl/ /əˈpɹuːvəl/ approvals n
approbation agrément
An expression granting permission; an indication of agreement with a proposal; an acknowledgement that a person, thing, or event meets requirements.
approbation
An expression of favorable acceptance and encouragement; a compliment that also condones.

approve /əˈpɹuːv/ v
approuver
(transitive) To officially sanction; to ratify; to confirm; to set as satisfactory.
(transitive) To regard as good; to commend; to be pleased with; to think well of.
(transitive, archaic) To make proof of; to demonstrate; to prove or show practically.
(intransitive, followed by "of") To consider worthy (to); to be pleased (with); to accept.

approving /əˈpɹuː.vɪŋ/ more approving most approving adj
approbateur approbatif
Expressing approbation; commending

approvingly more approvingly most approvingly adv
approbativement
in an approving manner

approximant /əˈpɹɑksəmənt/ /əˈpɹɒksɪmənt/ approximants n
spirante approximante
(phonetics) A consonant sound made by slightly narrowing the vocal tract, while still allowing a smooth flow of air. Liquids and glides are approximants.

approximate /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/ more approximate most approximate adj
approximant
Approaching; proximate; nearly resembling.
approximatif
Nearing correctness; nearly exact; not perfectly accurate.

approximate /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sə.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.meɪt/ /ə.ˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət/ v
approximer
(transitive) To come near to; to approach.
(transitive) To carry or advance near; to cause to approach.

approximately /əˈpɹɑk.sɪ.mət.li/ /əˈpɹɒk.sɪ.mət.li/ adv
approximativement environ à peu près presque en gros plus ou moins
Imprecise but close to in quantity or amount.

approximation /əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/ [əˌpɹɑk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [əˌpɹɔk.sɪˈmæɪ.ʃn̩] approximations n
approximation
(mathematics) An imprecise solution or result that is adequate for a defined purpose.
rapprochement
(linguistics) The act of producing a near-simulation of the pronunciation of a foreign language for a loanword therefrom, or any given pronunciation resulting from that act.

approximatively more approximatively most approximatively adv
approximativement
In an approximative manner.

apraxic adj
apraxique
(neurology) Relating to or exhibiting apraxia.

apricot /æepɹɪˈkɒt/ /æepɹɪˈkɔt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɒt/ /ˈæp.ɹɪ.kɑt/ more apricot most apricot adj
abricot
Of a pale yellowish-orange colour, like that of an apricot.

apricot /æepɹɪˈkɒt/ /æepɹɪˈkɔt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɑt/ /ˈeɪ.pɹɪ.kɒt/ /ˈæp.ɹɪ.kɑt/ apricots n
abricotier abricot
The apricot tree, Prunus armeniaca
abricot abricotier
(color) A pale yellow-orange colour, like that of an apricot fruit.

apron /ˈeɪ.pəɹn/ /ˈeɪ.pɹən/ aprons n
avant-scène
The portion of a stage extending towards the audience beyond the proscenium arch in a theatre.
The cap of a cannon; a piece of lead laid over the vent to keep the priming dry.
piste tablier tarmac
(aviation) The paved area of an airport, especially the area where aircraft park away from a terminal
tablier
The loading, parking or roadway area immediately beside a railway station

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ more apropos most apropos adj
à propos
Of an appropriate or pertinent nature.

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ adv
à propos
By the way.

apropos /ˌæp.ɹəˈpoʊ/ /ˌæp.ɹəˈpəʊ/ preposition
à propos
Regarding or concerning.

apsara apsaras n
apsara
(Indian mythology, Hinduism, Buddhism) A female spirit of the clouds and waters.

apse /æps/ apses apsides n
abside
(architecture) A semicircular projection from a building, especially the rounded east end of a church that contains the altar.

apsis /ˈæpsɪs/ apses apsides n
abside
(architecture) A recess or projection, with a dome or vault, at the east end of a church; an apse.
apside
(astronomy) Either of the points in the elliptical orbit of a planet, comet, or moon where it is closest or furthest from the body it orbits; examples are perihelion, aphelion, perigee, and apogee

apt /æpt/ apter aptest more apt most apt adj
apte
Suitable; appropriate; fit or fitted; suited.

apterygote apterygotes n
aptérygote

aptness /ˈæptnəs/ aptnesses n
aptitude
suitability; the quality of being apt or suitable

aptonymy n
aptonymie
The state of being an aptonym.

apyrous adj
apyre
Not combustible; capable of tolerating great heat without alteration of form or properties.

apéritif /ɑːˌpɛɹɪˈtiːf/ /əˌpɛɹɪˈtiːf/ apéritifs n
apéritif apéro
An alcoholic drink served before a meal as an appetiser.

aqua regia /ˈɑː.kwə ˈɹeɪ.ɡi.ə/ /ˌækwə ˈɹiː.ʒə/ n
eau régale
(inorganic chemistry, archaic) A mixture of three parts concentrated hydrochloric acid to one part concentrated nitric acid, named for its ability to dissolve gold.

aquaculture aquacultures n
aquaculture
The cultivation of aquatic produce such as aquatic plants, fish, and other aquatic animals.

aquafaba /ˌækwəˈfɑːbə/ /ˌɑːkwəˈfɑːbə/ aquafabas n
aquafaba
(cooking, neologism) The liquid left over from boiling chickpeas or similar beans, or from a can of chickpeas.

aquamarine /ˌæk.wə.məˈɹiːn/ /ˌɑ.kwə.məˈɹiːn/ aquamarines n
aigue-marine
The bluish-green colour of the sea.
A transparent bluish-green, sometimes yellow-green, variety of beryl.

aquapark aquaparks n
parc aquatique
A water park.

aquaphobia n
aquaphobie
A fear of water, especially a morbid fear of drowning.

aquaplane /ˈækwəpleɪn/ /ˈækwəˌpleɪn/ /ˌækwəˈpleɪn/ aquaplanes n
aquaplane
(originally, US, water sports) A board on which a person stands to ride for leisure which is pulled on a water surface by a motorboat.

aquaplane /ˈækwəpleɪn/ /ˈækwəˌpleɪn/ /ˌækwəˈpleɪn/ v
aquaplaner
(by extension, chiefly, Britain, automotive) Of a car or other road vehicle: to lose traction with the road due to the vehicle's tyres sliding on a film of water on the road.

aquaplaning n
aquaplanage hydroplanage aquaplaning
(automotive, UK) The loss of contact with the road because of surface water. The act of aquaplaning.

aquaponics /(ˌ)ækwəˈpɒnɪks/ /ˌækwə-/ /ˌɑkwəˈpɑnɪks/ n
aquaponie
(agriculture) A sustainable food production system that combines traditional aquaculture with hydroponics, with effluent from the water in which fish are reared being used as nutrition for plants.

aquaporin aquaporins n
aquaporine
(protein) Any of a class of proteins that form water-permeable pores in the membrane of biological cells.

aquarelle aquarelles n
aquarelle
A watercolour (painting)

aquariological adj
aquariologique

aquariology n
aquariologie
The study of the fauna and flora of aquaria

aquarist aquarists n
aquariophile
A person who maintains an aquarium.

aquarium /-ɛɹiəm/ /əˈkwɛɹ.i.jəm/ aquaria aquariums n
aquarium
A tank, often made of glass, for keeping live fish or other aquatic animals.
A public place where live fish and other aquatic animals are exhibited.

aquastatic adj
aquastatique
Relating to an aquastat.

aquatic /w/ /ɘ.ˈkwɔ.tɘk/ /ə.ˈkwæ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɑ.tɪk/ /ə.ˈkwɒ.tɪk/ more aquatic most aquatic adj
aquatique
Relating to water; living in or near water, taking place in water.

aquatic centre aquatic centres n
centre aquatique
A community facility consisting of one or more swimming pools and other recreational amenities.

aquatics n
aquatiques
Sports involving water.

aquatint /ˈækwətɪnt/ aquatints n
aquatinte
A form of etching with acid on a plate partially covered with varnish that produces a print somewhat resembling a watercolour.

aqueduct /ˈæk.wəˌdʌkt/ /ˈæk.wɪˌdʌkt/ /ˈɑk.wəˌdʌkt/ aqueducts n
aqueduc
An artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another.
A structure carrying water over a river or depression, especially in regards to ancient aqueducts.

aqueous /ˈeɪ.kwi.əs/ /ˈæ.kwi.əs/ /ˈɑ.kwi.əs/ more aqueous most aqueous adj
aqueux
(chemistry) Consisting mostly of water.

aqueous humour aqueous humours n
humeur aqueuse
(ophthalmology) The clear, watery fluid that fills the front of the eye between the cornea and the crystalline lens.

aquifer /ˈækwɪfə/ /ˈækwɪfɝ/ /ˈɑkwɪfɝ/ aquifers n
aquifère
An underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth, or gravel.

aquiline /ˈæk.wɪ.laɪn/ more aquiline most aquiline adj
aquilin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of eagles; resembling that of an eagle.

aquiline nose aquiline noses n
nez aquilin nez busqué nez en bec d'aigle
A nose with a hooked, bent shape.

ar /ˈaɹ/ /ˈäːɹ/ /ˈɑɹ/ /ˈɑɹə/ /ˈɑː/ ars n
erre
The name of the Latin-script letter R.

araba arabas n
araba arraba
(historical) A horse-drawn carriage once used for transportation in pre-modern Turkey.

arabesque /ˌæɹ.əˈbɛsk/ arabesques n
arabesque
(art, architecture, also, attributively) An elaborate design of intertwined floral figures or complex geometrical patterns, mainly used in Islamic art and architecture.
(music) An ornate composition, especially for the piano.

arabicised more arabicised most arabicised adj
arabisé
Made Arabic, as to customs, culture, pronunciation, spelling, or style

arabitol n
arabite
(carbohydrate) A sugar alcohol derived from the pentose arabinose

arable /ˈæɹəbl̩/ more arable most arable adj
cultivable arable
(agriculture, of land) Able to be plowed or tilled, capable of growing crops (traditionally contrasted with pasturable lands such as heaths).
(agriculture, NGO, _, jargon, of land) Under cultivation (within any quinquennial period) for the production of crops sown and harvested within the same agricultural year (contrasted with permanently-cropped lands such as orchards).

arachidonic acid n
acide arachidonique
(fatty acid) A long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, having 20 carbon atoms and four double bonds, found in animal fats; it is essential for human nutrition, being a precursor to the production of prostaglandins.

arachnid /əˈɹæknɪd/ arachnids n
arachnide
Any of the eight-legged creatures, including spiders, mites, and scorpions, of the class Arachnida.

arachno- prefix
arachno-

arachnoid mater arachnoid maters n
arachnoïde
(anatomy) The middle layer of the meninges; a membrane that protects the brain and spinal cord below the dura mater and above the subarachnoid space and the pia mater.

arachnologist arachnologists n
arachnologiste arachnologue

arachnology n
arachnologie
The study of the Arachnida.

arachnolysin /æˌɹæk.nəˈlaɪsɪn/ n
arachnolysine

arachnophobe arachnophobes n
arachnophobe
A person who fears spiders.

arachnophobia /æˌɹæk.nəˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ arachnophobias n
arachnophobie
An abnormal or irrational fear of arachnids, especially spiders.

aragonite aragonites n
aragonite
(mineral) An evaporite consisting of anhydrous calcium carbonate with the chemical formula CaCO3 and occurring in pearls, shells and nacre; it is dimorphous with calcite.

arameophone adj
araméophone

araneological adj
aranéologique

araneology n
aranéologie
(zoology) The study of the spider, a branch of arachnology.

araneose more araneose most araneose adj
aranéeux
Resembling a spider's web; arachnoid.

arapaima /ˌɑːɹəˈpaɪmə/ arapaimas n
arapaïma pirarucu
A large carnivorous predatory South American tropical freshwater fish of species Arapaima gigas.

arbiter /ˈɑːbɪtə(ɹ)/ arbiters n
arbitre
A person appointed, or chosen, by parties to determine a controversy between them; an arbitrator.
(with of) A person or object having the power of judging, determining, or ordaining; one whose power of deciding and governing is not limited.

arbitrage /ˈɑɹ.bɪ.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑɹbɪˌtɹɑʒ/ arbitrages n
arbitrage
(finance) A market activity in which a security, commodity, currency or other tradable item is bought in one market and sold simultaneously in another, in order to profit from price differences between the markets.

arbitrager arbitragers n
arbitragiste
(finance) One who participates in arbitrage.

arbitrarily more arbitrarily most arbitrarily adv
arbitrairement
In an arbitrary manner.

arbitrariness arbitrarinesses n
arbitrarité caractère arbitraire
The quality or state of being arbitrary; the extent to which something is arbitrary.

arbitrary /ˈɑɹ.bɪˌtɹɛ(ə).ɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹi/ /ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/ more arbitrary most arbitrary adj
arbitraire
(usually, of a decision) Based on individual discretion or judgment; not based on any objective distinction, perhaps even made at random.
Determined by impulse rather than reason; heavy-handed.
Determined by independent arbiter.
quelconque arbitraire
(mathematics) Any, out of all that are possible.

arbitration /ˌɑɹ.bɪˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɑː.bɪˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌɑɹ.bəˈt̠͡ɹ̠eɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌɑː.bəˈt̠͡ɹ̠eɪ.ʃn̩] arbitrations n
arbitrage
The act or process of arbitrating.
A process through which two or more parties use an arbitrator or arbiter in order to resolve a dispute.
In general, a form of justice where both parties designate a person whose ruling they will accept formally. More specifically in Market Anarchist (market anarchy) theory, arbitration designates the process by which two agencies pre-negotiate a set of common rules in anticipation of cases where a customer from each agency is involved in a dispute.

arbitrator arbitrators n
arbitre
A person to whom the authority to settle or judge a dispute is delegated.

arboreal /ɑɹˈbɔɹi.əl/ adj
arborescent arboricole
Of, relating to, or resembling a tree.
arboricole
Living in or among trees.

arborescence arborescences n
arborescence
A tree-like structure.

arboretum /ɑː(ɹ)bəˈɹiːtəm/ arboreta arboretums n
arboretum arborétum
A place where many varieties of tree are grown for research, educational, and ornamental purposes.

arboriculture /ɑːɹˈbɔːɹ.ɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ /ɑːˈbɒɹ.ɪˌkʌlt͡ʃə/ arboricultures n
arboriculture
The branch of horticulture concerned with the planting, growth, and maintenance of trees.

arboriculturist arboriculturists n
arboriculteur
A person who practices arboriculture; a tree surgeon.

arbuscle /ˈɑːbʌs(ə)l/ arbuscles n
arbuscule
(botany) A plant midway in height between a shrub and a tree; a dwarf tree.
(mycology) A branched hypha in some fungi.

arbutin n
arbutine
(organic compound) A glycoside of hydroquinone, found in bearberry, that is used to treat some diseases of the urinary tract

arc /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arcs n
arc de courbe arc
(geometry) A continuous part of the circumference of a circle (circular arc) or of another curve. [from 16th c.]
arc
A curve, in general. [from 17th c.]
(electrics) A flow of current across an insulating medium; especially a hot, luminous discharge between either two electrodes or as lightning. [from 19th c.]

arc welding n
soudure à l’arc
(metallurgy) The process of welding two pieces of metal together using the heat generated by an electric arc between two electrodes.

arcade /ɑɹˈkeɪd/ /ɑːˈkeɪd/ arcades n
arcade
(architecture) A row of arches.
galerie marchande
(architecture) A covered passage, usually with shops on both sides.
salle d'arcade
An establishment that runs coin-operated games.

arcade game arcade games n
jeu d'arcade
(video games) A coin-operated video game or amusement device.

arcane /ɑɹˈkeɪn/ more arcane most arcane adj
arcane
Understood by only a few.

arccosine arccosines n
arc cosinus
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the cosine function.

arch /ɑɹk/ /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ɑːk/ /ɑːt͡ʃ/ arches n
arc arche
An inverted U shape.
arc
An arch-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal stones, designed to redistribute downward force outward.
(architecture) An architectural element having the shape of an arch
voûte plantaire
(anatomy) The curved part of the bottom of a foot.

arch /ɑɹk/ /ɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ɑːk/ /ɑːt͡ʃ/ v
cambrer
(transitive) To form into an arch shape.

arch- /ɑ(ɹ)k/ /ɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ prefix
archi-
Highest; most extreme.

archaeastronomy /ˌɑː(ɹ)ki.əsˈtɹɒnəmi/ n
archéoastronomie
(astronomy, archaeology) The historical, especially archeological, study of astronomy; the study of the astronomical systems and methods of ancient cultures often embracing the astrology and cosmology of the past.

archaeoastronomical adj
archéoastronomique
(astronomy) Relating to archaeastronomy.

archaeographic adj
archéographique

archaeolithic adj
archéolithique
(archaeology) Of or relating to the earliest Stone Age; applied to a prehistoric period preceding the Paleolithic.

archaeological more archaeological most archaeological adj
archéologique
Relating to the science or research of archaeology.

archaeologist /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ archaeologists n
archéologue archéologiste
Someone who studies or practises archaeology.

archaeology /ˌɑɹ.kiˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ archaeologies n
archéologie
The study of the past by excavation and analysis of its material remains:

archaeomagnetism n
archéomagnétisme
(geology, physics) Magnetism of the Earth in the geologic past; the study and measurement of this magnetism in order to date a specimen with iron.

archaeometallurgical adj
archéométallurgique
(archaeology) Relating to archaeometallurgy.

archaeometry n
archéométrie
(archaeology) The application of techniques and methodologies of the natural sciences to archaeology, mostly for dating, analysis, survey and confirmation of provenance or authenticity.

archaeon archaea archaeons n
archée
prokaryotic organism; member of the domain Archaea [from 20th c.]

archaeopathology n
archéopathologie

archaeozoology n
archéozoologie
(archaeology) The study of relationships between humans and animals over time.

archaic /ɐːˈkæɪ.ɪk/ /ɑɹ.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ /ɑː.ˈkeɪ.ɪk/ more archaic most archaic adj
archaïque
Of or characterized by antiquity; old-fashioned, quaint, antiquated.
(archaeology) Belonging to the archaic period.

archaism /ˈaː.kæɪ.ɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.keɪˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑɹ.kiˌɪz.əm/ /ˈɑː.keɪ.ɪz.əm/ archaisms n
archaïsme
An archaic word, style, etc.

archaize /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪˌaɪz/ v
archaïser
(transitive) To give an archaic quality or character to; make archaic, to suggest the past.

archangel /ɑː(ɹ)ˈkeɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).keɪn.d͡ʒəl/ archangels n
archange
A powerful angel that leads many other angels, but is still loyal to a deity, and often seen as belonging to a particular archangelical rank or order within a greater hierarchy of angels. (Judeo-Christian examples: Gabriel, Michael, Raphael, Uriel).

archangelic adj
archangélique

archbishop /ˈɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˌbɪʃəp/ /ˌɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃˈbɪʃəp/ archbishopess archbishops n
archevêque
A senior bishop who is in charge of an archdiocese, and presides over a group of dioceses called a province (in Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy, Anglicanism, etc.)

archbishopess /ɑɹt͡ʃ.bɪʃ.əp.ɛs/ /ɑː(ɹ)tʃ.bɪʃ.əp.ɛs/ archbishopesses n
archevêchesse
(rare) The wife of an archbishop.

archbishopric /ɑɹt͡ʃˈbɪʃəprɪk/ /ɑːt͡ʃˈbɪʃəprɪk/ archbishoprics n
archevêché
(ecclesiastical) The rank or office of an archbishop.
(ecclesiastical) The jurisdiction of an archbishop.

archchancellor /ˈɑɹt͡ʃˈt͡ʃænslɚ/ /ˈɑɹt͡ʃˈt͡ʃænsəlɚ/ /ˈɑːtʃˈtʃɑːnsələ/ archchancellors n
archichancelier
chief chancellor

archchaplain archchaplains n
archichapelain

archdeacon archdeacons n
archidiacre
(Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy) A senior administrative official in a diocese, just under the bishop, often in charge of an archdeaconry. As a title, it can be filled by either a deacon or priest.

archdemon archdemons n
archidémon
(religion) A chief demon; an archdevil.

archdiocesan /ˌɑɹt͡ʃˌdaɪˈɑsɪsən/ adj
archidiocésain
(ecclesiastical) Of or relating to an archdiocese.

archdiocese /-siːz/ /ˌɑɹt͡ʃˈdaɪəsɪs/ /ˌɑːtʃˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ archdioceses n
archidiocèse
(Christianity) An area administered by an archbishop; the ecclesiastical hierarchy of this area, also under the archbishop.

archducal /ɑːtʃˈdjuːkəl/ adj
archiducal
Pertaining to an archduke or archduchess.

archduchess archduchesses n
archiduchesse
A daughter or granddaughter of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, or the wife of a son or grandson of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary

archduchy archduchies n
archiduché
The territory (principality) of an archduke.

archduke archdukes n
archiduc
(historical) The son or male-line grandson of an emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

archenemy archenemies n
ennemi juré
A principal enemy.

archenteron archentera archenterons n
archentéron
(anatomy) A primitive alimentary cavity

archeopteryx /ɑɹkiˈɒptəɹɪks/ /ɑːkiːˈɒptəɹɪks/ archeopteryxes n
archéoptéryx
A specimen of the species Archaeopteryx lithographica, being the earliest and most primitive known bird, representing a transition in the evolution of dinosaurs to birds.

archer /ˈɑɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ archers n
archer arbalétrier
One who shoots an arrow from a bow or a bolt from a crossbow.

archeress /ˈɑːtʃəɹɪs/ archeresses n
archère
A female archer.

archerfish archerfish archerfishes n
poisson archer
Any of the species of fish in the family Toxotidae (usually with sole genus Toxotes), who prey on small animals near to the surface of a water by shooting them with water from their mouths.

archery /ɑɹt͡ʃəɹiː/ /ɑːt͡ʃəɹiː/ archeries n
tir à l'arc archerie tir à l’arc
(uncountable) The practice or sport of shooting arrows with a bow.
archerie
(countable) A group of archers.

archetier archetiers n
archetier
(lutherie) One who builds, repairs, and restores the bows of instruments in the violin family.

archetypal /ˈɑɹkɪtaɪpəl/ /ˈɑːkɪtaɪpəl/ more archetypal most archetypal adj
archétypique archétypal
Of or pertaining to an archetype.

archetype /ˈɑɹkɪtaɪp/ /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ archetypes n
archétype
An original model of which all other similar concepts, objects, or persons are merely copied, derivative, emulated, or patterned; a prototype. [from mid 16th c.]
(literature) A character, object, or story that is based on a known character, object, or story.
(psychology) According to Swiss psychologist Carl Jung: a universal pattern of thought, present in an individual's unconscious, inherited from the past collective experience of humanity.

archi- /ɑː(ɹ)kɪ/ prefix
archi-
.

archiater /ˈɑɹkiˌeɪtɚ/ /ˈɑːkiˌeɪtə/ archiaters n
archiatre archiâtre
(historical) Formerly, in continental Europe, the chief physician of a prince or city.

archiepiscopal adj
archiépiscopal
Of or relating to an archbishop or an archbishopric.

archimandrite /ˌɑːkɪˈmændɹaɪt/ archimandrites n
archimandrite
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The superior of a large monastery, or group of monasteries, in the Orthodox Church.

archipelago /ˌɑɹkəˈpɛləˌɡoʊ/ /ˌɑːkəˈpɛləɡəʊ/ archipelagoes archipelagos n
archipel
(collective) A group of islands.

archiphoneme archiphonemes n
archiphonème
(phonology) A unit representing two or more underlying phonemes, where the distinction between them has been neutralized under certain conditions.

architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛkt/ architects n
architecte
A professional who designs buildings or other structures, or who prepares plans and superintends construction.
A person who plans, devises or contrives the achievement of a desired result.

architect /ˈɑɹ.kɪˌtɛkt/ /ˈɑː.kɪˌtɛkt/ v
architecturer
(transitive) To design, plan, or orchestrate.

architectural /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛktjəɹəl/ /ˌɑɹkɪˈtɛkt͡ʃəɹəl/ more architectural most architectural adj
architectural
Pertaining to architecture.

architecture /ˈɑɹkɪtɛkt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑː.kɪ.ˌtɛk.tʃə/ architectures n
architecture
The art and science of designing and managing the construction of buildings and other structures, particularly if they are well proportioned and decorated.

architranseme /ˌɑːkɪˈtɹænziːm/ /ˌɑːkɪˈtɹɑːnziːm/ /ˌɑːɹkɪˈtɹænziːm/ architransemes n
architransème
(translation studies) A theoretical common denominator used in the comparison of a source text and its target text.

architrave /ˈɑɹ.kɪ.tɹeɪv/ architraves n
architrave
(architecture) The lowest part of an entablature; rests on the capitals of the columns.

architraved adj
architravé
(architecture) Furnished with an architrave.

archival /ɑːˈkaɪv(ə)l/ /ˈɑːkɪv(ə)l/ /ˌɑɹˈkaɪv(ə)l/ adj
archivistique
Of or pertaining to an archive or archiving.

archival science archival sciences n
archivistique
The theory and study of the safe storage, cataloguing and retrieval of documents and items.

archive /ˈɑɹkaɪv/ /ˈɑːkaɪv/ archives n
archives
A place for storing earlier, and often historical, material. An archive usually contains documents (letters, records, newspapers, etc.) or other types of media kept for historical interest.

archive /ˈɑɹkaɪv/ /ˈɑːkaɪv/ v
archiver
(transitive) To place (something) into an archive.

archivist /ˈɑː(ɹ)kəvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)kɪvɪst/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)ˌkaɪvɪst/ archivists n
archiviste
One who is in charge of, or performs the task of creating, collecting, cataloguing, organising, and archives.

archly more archly most archly adv
malicieusement
In an arch manner; slyly.

archmage /ˈɑːrt͡ʃmeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑːtʃmeɪdʒ/ archmages archmagi n
archimage
(fantasy) A very powerful mage.

archon /ˈɑː(ɹ)kən/ archons archontes n
archonte
A chief magistrate of ancient Athens.

archpriest archpriests n
archiprêtre
(Eastern Orthodox Church) The highest rank given to a married priest.
(Roman Catholic Church) An honorific title applied to a priest who has a specific function.

archway archways n
arcade
A passageway covered by an arch, particularly one made of masonry.

arcology arcologies n
arcologie
(urban studies, uncountable) Urban development theory proposed by Paolo Soleri involving three-dimensional building methods and efficient use of space and resources.

arcsine /ˈɑːɹkˌsaɪn/ arcsines n
arc sinus
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the sine function. Symbol: arcsin, sin−1

arctangent arctangents n
arc tangente
(trigonometry) Any of several single-valued or multivalued functions that are inverses of the tangent function. Symbol: arctan, tan-1

arctic fox arctic foxes n
renard polaire
Vulpes lagopus, a fox of the family Canidae, living in the Arctic regions of North America and Eurasia.

arctic hare arctic hares n
lièvre arctique
A North-American hare of species Lepus arcticus, that is white, usually year round, found in the Arctic.

arctic raspberry arctic raspberries n
framboise arctique framboisier nain
A species of slow-growing bramble belonging to the rose family and bearing a dark red, sweet fruit; Rubus arcticus, native to arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions.

arctic tern arctic terns n
sterne arctique
A migratory bird that travels between the Arctic and Antarctic, Sterna paradisaea.

arcuate fasciculus /ˈɑːkjuːət fəˈsɪkjʊləs/ arcuate fasciculi n
faisceau arqué
(neuroanatomy) A bundle of axons that forms part of the superior longitudinal fasciculus.

arcweld /ˈɑɹkˌwɛld/ v
souder à [[l’]]arc
To weld using an arc created by electricity.

ard /ɑɹd/ /ɑːd/ ards n
araire
A simple plough consisting of a spike dragged through the soil. [20th c.]

ardent /ˈɑɹdənt/ /ˈɑːdənt/ more ardent most ardent adj
ardent farouche fervent passionné
Full of ardor; expressing passion, spirit, or enthusiasm.
ardent
(literary) Providing light or heat.

ardor /ˈɑːdə/ /ˈɑːɹdɚ/ ardors n
ardeur ferveur
Great warmth of feeling; fervor; passion.
ardeur
Intense heat.

arduity /ɑːˈdjuːɪti/ arduities n
arduité
The state or quality of being arduous; steepness, difficulty.

arduous /ˈɑɹ.d͡ʒu.əs/ /ˈɑː.djuː.əs/ /ˈɑː.d͡ʒuː.əs/ more arduous most arduous adj
ardu
Needing or using up much energy; testing powers of endurance.

are /ɛə/ /ɛəɹ/ /ɛɹ/ /ɛː/ ares n
are
(rare) An accepted (but deprecated and rarely used) metric unit of area equal to 100 square metres, or a former unit of approximately the same extent. Symbol: a.

are you OK /ɑɹ juː oʊˈkeɪ/ /ɑː juː əʊˈkeɪ/ [ɑ̟ɹ ju̟ː oʊˈkʰeɪ] [ɑ̟ː ju̟ː əʊˈkʰeɪ] phraseologicalUnit
est-ce que ça va tu vas bien vous allez bien ça va
Asking if the listener is OK (e.g. not hurt).

are you allergic to any medications phraseologicalUnit
es-tu allergique à certains médicaments? êtes-vous allergique à certains médicaments?
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain medications should not be given to patients.

are you doing anything tomorrow phraseologicalUnit
as-tu quelque chose de prévu demain?
Asks if someone is busy tomorrow, possibly to invite them to do something if they are available. ("Tomorrow" can be replaced by other dates, such as "are you doing anything on the weekend", etc.)

are you feeling better phraseologicalUnit
sentez-vous mieux tu sens mieux ça va mieux
Asked to find out whether someone has recovered to some degree from past illness or unwellness.

are you married phraseologicalUnit
es-tu marié ? es-tu mariée ? êtes-vous marié ? êtes-vous mariée ?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor does or doesn't have a spouse.

are you religious phraseologicalUnit
es-tu religieuse? es-tu religieux? êtes-vous religieuse? êtes-vous religieux?
A request for information about the listener's (or listeners') religious beliefs.

are you single phraseologicalUnit
es-tu célibataire? êtes-vous célibataire?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor does or doesn't have a (romantic) partner.

are you taking any medications phraseologicalUnit
prends-tu des médicaments? prenez-vous des médicaments?
Asked mostly by doctors and nurses to ascertain whether certain drugs should not be given to patients, as they may interact adversely with other medications.

area /ˈɛɚ.i.ə/ /ˈɛːɹɪə/ areas areæ n
superficie aire
(mathematics) A measure of the extent of a surface; it is measured in square units.
région zone
A particular geographic region.
aire
Any particular extent of surface, especially an empty or unused extent.
domaine
The extent, scope, or range of an object or concept.

area code area codes n
indicatif préfixe
(US, Australia, Philippines) A prefix appended to a telephone number indicating the geographical area.

area studies n
recherches interdisciplinaires
Interdisciplinary fields of research pertaining to particular geographical or cultural regions.

areal /ˈɛəɹiəl/ /ˈɛəɹɪəl/ /ˈɛɹiəl/ adj
aréal
Of or pertaining to an area.

areic adj
surfacique

areligious more areligious most areligious adj
areligieux

arena /əˈɹiːnə/ arenae arenas arenæ n
arène
An enclosed area, often outdoor, for the presentation of sporting events (sports arena) or other spectacular events; earthen area, often oval, specifically for rodeos (North America) or circular area for bullfights (especially Hispanic America).
(historical) The sand-covered centre of an amphitheatre where contests were held in Ancient Rome.
A realm in which events take place; an area of interest, study, behaviour, etc.
aréna arène
The building housing such an area; specifically, a very large, often round building, often topped with a dome, designated for indoor sporting or other major events, such as concerts.

arene /ˈæɹiːn/ arenes n
arène
(organic chemistry) Any monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.

arenicolous adj
arénicole
(biology) living or burrowing in sand

areniferous adj
arénifère

arenite arenites n
arénite
Any sedimentary rock with a grain size in the sand range on the Wentworth scale.

arenization arenizations n
arénisation

arenophilic adj
arénophile

areo- prefix
aréo-

areocentric more areocentric most areocentric adj
aréocentrique
(astronomy) Having the planet Mars at the center.

areocentric orbit areocentric orbits n
orbite aréocentrique
(astronomy) (This entry is a translation hub.)

areographic adj
aréographique
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to areography

areography n
aréographie
(astronomy, geography) The scientific study of the planet Mars' geographical features; geography of Mars.

areola /əˈɹi.ə.lə/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈoʊ.lə/ /ˌæ.ɹiˈəʊ.lə/ /ˌɛ.ɹiˈoʊ.lə/ areolae areolas areolæ n
aréole
(anatomy) The circular, darkly pigmented area surrounding a nipple; the areola mammae.

areometer areometers n
aréomètre
Any device used to measure the specific gravity of liquids or the density of solids.

arf interjection
ouaf
Representing the sound of a dog's bark.

argan /ˈɑː(ɹ)ɡən/ argans n
arganier
Fruit of this tree.

argent /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɑːdʒənt/ adj
argent
(tincture) : of white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.

argent /ˈɑɹd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɑːdʒənt/ argents n
argent
(tincture) The white or silver tincture on a coat of arms.

argentic adj
argentique

argentiferous more argentiferous most argentiferous adj
argentifère
(geology) Containing or producing silver.

argentine /ˈɑː(ɹ).d͡ʒənˌtaɪn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).d͡ʒənˌtiːn/ argentines n
argentine petite argentine
Any osmeriform fish of the genus Argentina, especially European argentine (Argentina sphyraena).

argh /ɑɹɡ/ /ɑɹː/ [ɑɣː] [ɑɹɣ] interjection
argh
(onomatopoeia) Expressing annoyance, dismay, embarrassment or frustration.

argillaceous /ɑːd͡ʒɪlˈeɪʃəs/ more argillaceous most argillaceous adj
argileux argilacé
(chiefly, geology) pertaining to clay; made of, containing, or resembling clay

argillic adj
argilique
(geology, soil science) Of or pertaining to clay or clay minerals.

arginine /ˈɑɹɡɪniːn/ arginines n
arginine
An amino acid found in animal foods that plays an important role in several physiological processes.

argon /ˈɑːɹɡɒn/ argons n
argon
The chemical element (symbol Ar) with an atomic number of 18. The third most abundant gas in the Earth's atmosphere, it is a colourless, odourless, inert noble gas.

argonaut argonauts n
argonaute
Any of several species of shelled octopods of the family Argonautidae (of which only the genus Argonauta is not extinct).

argot /ˈɑɹɡoʊ/ /ˈɑɹɡət/ /ˈɑːɡəʊ/ argots n
argot
A secret language or conventional slang peculiar to thieves, tramps and vagabonds.

arguable /ˈɑɹɡjuəbl/ /ˈɑːɡjuəbl/ more arguable most arguable adj
défendable justifiable soutenable
That can be argued; that can be proven or strongly supported with sound logical deduction, precedent, and evidence.
discutable défendable justifiable soutenable
(colloquial) Open to doubt, argument or debate.

arguably /ˈɑɹɡjuəbli/ /ˈɑːɡjuəbli/ more arguably most arguably adv
peut-être possiblement probablement sans doute
As can be supported or proven by sound logical deduction, evidence, and precedent, but without absolute certainty.

argue /ˈɑɹ.ɡju/ /ˈɑː.ɡjuː/ v
débattre affirmer
(intransitive) To debate, disagree, or discuss opposing or differing viewpoints.
se disputer se quereller
(intransitive) To have an argument, a quarrel.

arguer arguers n
argumentateur argumentateuse engueuleur engueuleuse
One who argues.

argument /-ɡju-/ /-ɡjə-/ /ˈɑɹɡjʊmənt/ /ˈɑːɡjʊmənt/ arguments n
argument
(countable, also, figuratively) A fact or statement used to support a proposition; a reason.
The independent variable of a function.
A value, or a reference to a value, passed to a function.
argumentation
(countable) A process of reasoning; argumentation.
querelle
(countable) A verbal dispute; a quarrel.

argumentative /ˌɑɹɡjəˈmɛn(t)ətɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊmɛnˈteɪtɪv/ /ˌɑːɡjʊˈmɛntətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] more argumentative most argumentative adj
discutailleur raisonneur
Prone to argue or dispute.

argyria argyrias n
argyrie
(dermatology) A condition caused by excessive exposure to chemical compounds of the element silver, or to silver dust, the most dramatic symptom of which being that the skin turns purple or purple-grey.

aria /ˈɑː.ɹɪə/ arias arie n
aria
(music) A musical piece written typically for a solo voice with orchestral accompaniment in an opera or cantata.

arid /ˈæɹ.ɪd/ /ˈɛɚ.ɪd/ arider aridest more arid most arid adj
aride
Very dry.

aridification n
aridification
(environmental science) The long-term process by which a region becomes more arid

arigato /-rɪ-/ /-ɡæ-/ /æ-/ /əˈriː.ɡə.toʊ/ /ˌɑː.riˈɡɑː.toʊ/ interjection
arigato arigatô
(colloquial) Thank you (used in the context of, or to evoke, Japanese culture).

aril arils n
arille
(botany) A tissue surrounding the seed in certain fruits such as pomegranates.

arise /əˈɹaɪz/ v
relever se lever
To come up from one's bed or place of repose; to get up.
apparaitre naitre surgir
To spring up; to come into action, being, or notice; to become operative, sensible, or visible; to begin to act a part; to present itself.

arista /əˈɹɪstə/ aristae aristas n
barbe jarres
(biology) One of the fibrils found on grains or fishes.

aristate /əˈɹɪsteɪt/ /əˈɹɪstət/ adj
aristé
(botany) Having a long bristle at its apex.

aristocracy /ˌæ.ɹɪˈstɒk.ɹə.si/ /ˌɛɹ.ɪˈstɑk.ɹə.si/ aristocracies n
aristocratie
The nobility, or the hereditary ruling class.
Government by such a class, or a state with such a government
A class of people considered (not normally universally) superior to others

aristocrat /əˈɹɪstəkɹæt/ /ˈæɹɪstəˌkɹæt/ aristocrats n
aristocrate
One of the aristocracy, nobility, or people of rank in a community; one of a ruling class; a noble (originally in Revolutionary France).

aristocratic /ˌæɹɪstəˈkɹætɪk/ more aristocratic most aristocratic adj
aristocratique
Of, pertaining to, or favouring, an aristocracy
Similar to the aristocracy; characteristic of, the aristocracy.

aristodemocracy n
aristodémocratie

aristodemocratic adj
aristodémocratique

arithmetic /æɹɪθˈmɛtɪk/ adj
d'arithmétique de l’arithmétique
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or using arithmetic; arithmetical.
arithmétique
(arithmetic) Of a progression, mean, etc, computed solely using addition.

arithmetic /əˈɹɪθmətɪk/ arithmetics n
arithmétique
The mathematics of numbers (integers, rational numbers, real numbers, or complex numbers) under the operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

arithmetic geometry n
géométrie arithmétique
(mathematics) A developing branch of mathematics in which techniques of algebraic geometry are applied to number theory, in particular being concerned with schemes of finite type over the spectrum of the ring of integers, Spec(ℤ).

arithmetic logic unit arithmetic logic units n
unité arithmétique et logique
(computer hardware) the section of a CPU that performs calculations and logical operations

arithmetic mean arithmetic means n
moyenne arithmétique
(statistics, probability) The measure of central tendency of a set of values computed by dividing the sum of the values by their number.

arithmetic operation arithmetic operations n
opération arithmétique
(arithmetic, computing) Any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; any one of said operations as implemented on a computer.

arithmetic progression arithmetic progressions n
série arithmétique
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.

arithmetically more arithmetically most arithmetically adv
arithmétiquement
In an arithmetical manner; in terms of arithmetic.

arithmetization arithmetizations n
arithmétisation

arithmomania arithmomanias n
arithmomanie
an obsessive-compulsive disorder in which the subject feels the need to count things

arity /ˈeəɹɪti/ /ˈæɹɪti/ arities n
arité
(logic, mathematics, computer science) The number of arguments or operands a function or operation takes. For a relation, the number of domains in the corresponding Cartesian product.

ark /ɑɹk/ /ɑːk/ arks n
arche
(Judaism, Christianity, Islam) Noah's ark: the ship built by Noah to save his family and a collection of animals from the deluge.
(Judaism) A decorated cabinet at the front of a synagogue, in which Torah scrolls are kept.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ arms n
bras
The portion of the upper human appendage, from the shoulder to the wrist and sometimes including the hand.
A long, narrow, more or less rigid part of an object extending from the main part or centre of the object, such as the arm of an armchair, a crane, a pair of spectacles or a pair of compasses.
arme
(usually used in the plural) A weapon.

arm /ɐːm/ /ɑɹm/ /ɑːm/ v
armer
(transitive) To supply with armour or (later especially) weapons.
(transitive, figurative) To supply with the equipment, knowledge, authority, or other tools needed for a particular task; to furnish with capability; to equip.
(transitive) To prepare (a tool, weapon, or system) for action; to activate.
(intransitive) To take up weapons; to arm oneself.

arm in arm adv
bras dessus bras dessous
With arms linked together; with arms around each other's shoulder or waist. (of two or more people)

arm to the teeth v
[[armé jusqu'aux dents|armer jusqu'aux dents]]
(idiomatic) To equip thoroughly with weapons.

arm wrestling /ˈɑɹm ˌɹɛs.lɪŋ/ /ˈɑːm ˌɹɛs.lɪŋ/ n
bras de fer
A strength sport with two participants, in which each participant grips the other's hand and tries to pin the other's arm onto a surface.

arm-twisting arm-twistings n
pressions directes
The use of personal pressure to persuade
The use of political pressure to gain support

armada /ɑɹˈmɑdə/ /ɑːˈmɑːdə/ armadas n
armada
A fleet of warships, especially with reference to the Spanish Armada.

armadillo /ɑɹməˈdɪloʊ/ /ɑːməˈdɪləʊ/ armadilloes armadillos n
tatou
Any of the burrowing mammals covered with bony, jointed, protective plates, order Cingulata, found in the Americas, especially in South America.

armalcolite armalcolites n
armalcolite
(mineral) An orthorhombic mineral first discovered on the Moon.

armament /ˈɑː(ɹ)məmənt/ armaments n
force de frappe forces armées
A body of forces equipped for war.
armement
Any equipment for resistance.
The process of building up military capacity.

armatole /ˈɑɹməˌtoʊl/ /ˈɑːmətəʊl/ armatoles armatoli n
armatole
(historical) A Greek armed mercenary who enforced Ottoman rule in Greece from the 15th century onwards; during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832), many armatoloi became pro-independence guerrilla fighters opposed to Ottoman rule.

armature /ˈɑɹ.mə.tjʊɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɑɹ.mə.t͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjə/ /ˈɑː.mə.tjʊə/ armatures n
armature

armband armbands n
brassard bracelet de natation crêpe de deuil
(sport) A band worn around the arm of the captain of a team.
bracelet de natation
An inflatable band worn round the arms to keep afloat in water

armchair /ˈɑɹmt͡ʃɛɚ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)mtʃɛə(ɹ)/ armchairs n
fauteuil chaise bourrée
A chair with supports for the arms or elbows.

armed /ɑɹmd/ /ɑːmd/ /ˈɑːɹmɪd/ more armed most armed adj
armé
(sometimes, in combination) Equipped, especially with a weapon.
(of a weapon) Prepared for use; loaded.

armed conflict armed conflicts n
conflit armé
(international law, military) A contested incompatibility that entails the use of armed force between two parties including a territory, the government of a state, or both.

armed forces n
forces armées
The military forces of a nation, such as the army, navy, air force, marines, and sometimes, coastguard or border guard, which are tasked with the defence of the nation and its citizens, if necessary through use of deadly force.

armed robbery armed robberies n
braquage vol à main armée
(legal) A theft where the thieves are armed with weapons.

armet /ˈɑɹ.mɛt/ /ˈɑː.mɛt/ armets n
armet
A type of mediaeval helmet which fully enclosed the head and face, first found in the 1420s in Milan.

armful /ˈɑɹmˌfʊl/ /ˈɑːmfʊl/ armfuls armsful armsfuls n
brassée
The amount an arm or arms can hold.

armhole /ˈɑɹmˌhoʊl/ armholes n
emmanchure
(fashion) A hole for an arm in a piece of clothing.

armigerous /ɑɹˈmɪ.d͡ʒɚ.əs/ /ɑːˈmɪ.dʒə.ɹəs/ adj
blasonné
Entitled to bear a coat of arms.

armillary adj
armillé
Resembling a bracelet or armilla; consisting of rings or circles.

armillary sphere armillary spheres n
sphère armillaire
An instrument consisting of graduated metal circles used to represent the motions of celestial bodies around the earth.

armistice /-məstəs/ /ˈɑɹmɪstɪs/ /ˈɑːmɪstɪs/ armistices n
armistice trêve
A formal agreement, especially between nations, to end combat.

armlet /ˈɑɹmlət/ /ˈɑːmlət/ armlets n
brassard
A band worn on the arm for ornamental or identification purposes.

armlock armlocks n
clef de bras clé de bras
A wrestling move in which the opponent's arm is held immobile.

armor /ˈɑː.mə/ /ˈɑːɹ.mɚ/ armors n
armure
(uncountable) A protective layer over a body, vehicle, or other object intended to deflect or diffuse damaging forces.
cuirasse
(uncountable) A natural form of this kind of protection on an animal's body.

armored personnel carrier armored personnel carriers n
VTT véhicule de transport de troupes
An armored vehicle for carrying infantry soldiers in combat.

armoured car armoured cars n
voiture blindée
An automobile equipped with armour to protect important passengers.
véhicule blindé
(military) A small wheeled armoured fighting vehicle.
(law enforcement) An armoured vehicle resistant to small arms fire.

armoured train armoured trains n
train blindé
a railway train protected with armour

armoury armouries n
armoiries
Heraldry
arsenal
A place where arms are kept, an arsenal.

armpit /ˈɑɹmˌpɪt/ armpits n
aisselle
The cavity beneath the junction of the arm and shoulder.

armrest armrests n
accoudoir accotoir
Part of the seat of a chair that is designed to support the arm.

arms control n
contrôle des armements
Restrictions upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation, and usage of weapons, especially weapons of mass destruction.

arms dealer arms dealers n
trafiquant [[d']]armes

arms race arms races n
course aux armements
A competition for military supremacy between two powers, especially for the most weapons and the best military technology.

army /ˈɐː.mi(ː)/ /ˈɑɹ.mi/ /ˈɑː.miː/ armies n
armée
A large, highly organized military force, concerned mainly with ground (rather than air or naval) operations.
The governmental agency in charge of a state's army.
(figuratively) A large group of people working toward the same purpose.
(figuratively) A large group of social animals working toward the same purpose.
(figuratively) Any multitude.

army ant army ants n
fourmi légionnaire
A tropical nomadic ant, principally in the subfamiles Dorylinae and Leptanillinae, that preys on other insects.

arnica arnicas n
arnica arnica des montagnes
Any of several plants, of the genus Arnica, considered to have medicinal properties, especially Arnica montana.

aroma /əˈɹoʊmə/ /əˈɹəʊmə/ aromas aromata n
arôme parfum
A smell; especially a pleasant spicy or fragrant one.

aromantic /ˌeɪ.ɹəʊˈman.tɪk/ /ˌæ.ɹəʊˈman.tɪk/ /ˌɛ(ə)ɹ.əʊˈman.tɪk/ more aromantic most aromantic adj
aromantique
That feels little or no romantic attraction to others and/or romantic desire. [from 21st c.]

aromanticism n
aromantisme

aromatherapist aromatherapists n
aromathérapeute
(alternative medicine) A practitioner of aromatherapy.

aromatherapy aromatherapies n
aromathérapie
(alternative medicine) The use of selected fragrances in lotions and inhalants in an effort to affect mood and promote health.

aromatic /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] more aromatic most aromatic adj
aromatique odorant
Fragrant or spicy.
aromatique
(organic chemistry) Derived from benzene.

aromatic /ˌæɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌæɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɛɹ.əˈmæɾ.ɪk] aromatics n
aromate
A fragrant plant or spice added to a dish to flavour it.

aromatize v
aromatiser
(transitive) To make aromatic, fragrant, or spicy.

aromatogram aromatograms n
aromatogramme

around /əˈɹaʊnd/ preposition
autour
Forming a circle or closed curve containing (something).
Following a path which curves near an object, with the object on the inside of the curve.
autour vers
Near; in the vicinity of.
dans
At or to various places within.

around the clock
en permanence tous les jours que Dieu fait tout le temps vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre
(duration, idiomatic) All the time, or seemingly all the time; constantly.

around the corner adj
pour bientôt
(idiomatic) imminent; very soon

arousal /əˈɹaʊzəl/ arousals n
éveil
The act of arousing or the state of being aroused.
excitation
Sexual arousal.

arouse /əˈɹaʊz/ v
exciter émoustiller
(transitive) To sexually stimulate.

aroused /əˈɹaʊzd/ more aroused most aroused adj
excité
Sexually excited; randy, lustful.

arpeggiate v
arpéger
(music, transitive) To play (a chord) as an arpeggio.

arpeggio /ɑɹˈpɛ.d͡ʒi.oʊ/ arpeggi arpeggios n
arpège
(music) The notes of a chord played individually instead of simultaneously, usually moving from lowest to highest.

arpeggio /ɑɹˈpɛ.d͡ʒi.oʊ/ v
arpéger
(transitive) To play (a chord) as an arpeggio; to play (a piece of music) with arpeggios.

arquebusier arquebusiers n
arquebusier
(military, now, historical) A soldier armed with an arquebus. [from 16th c.]

arracacha arracachas n
arracacha pomme de terre-céleri
A South American plant grown as a root vegetable, Arracacia xanthorrhiza

arraign /əˈɹeɪn/ v
accuser traduire en justice
To officially charge someone in a court of law.

arraignment /əˈɹeɪnmənt/ arraignments n
lecture de l'acte d'accusation
(legal) The formal charging of a defendant with an offense; in many jurisdictions it includes their response in the form of a plea, typically as guilty, not guilty, or no contest.

arrange /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
arranger organiser
(transitive) To set up; to organize; to put into an orderly sequence or arrangement.

arrangeable more arrangeable most arrangeable adj
agençable
That can be arranged (especially in a specified manner)

arranged marriage arranged marriages n
mariage arrangé
The marriage (union) of two people planned by someone other than the two people who are united in it.

arrangement /əˈɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/ arrangements n
arrangement
The act of arranging.
(music) An adaptation of a piece of music for other instruments, or in another style.
disposition
The manner of being arranged.
composition
A collection of things that have been arranged.
préparatifs
(often, in the plural) Preparations for some undertaking.
accord
An agreement.

array /əˈɹeɪ/ /əˈɹæɪ/ arrays n
gamme kyrielle ribambelle éventail
A large collection.
tableau
(programming) Any of various data structures designed to hold multiple elements of the same type; especially, a data structure that holds these elements in adjacent memory locations so that they may be retrieved using numeric indices.

arrear /əˈɹɪə/ /əˈɹɪɹ/ arrears n
arriéré
Work to be done, obligation.
Unpaid debt.

arrest /əˈɹɛst/ arrests n
arrestation
(legal) The process of arresting a criminal, suspect etc.

arrest /əˈɹɛst/ v
arrêter
(transitive) To seize (someone) with the authority of the law; to take into legal custody. [from 14th c.]

arrest warrant arrest warrants n
mandat d'arrêt mandat d'arrestation
(legal) An official document that authorizes law-enforcement officials to arrest a named person and to bring that individual before a court of law or other authority.

arrha arrhae n
arrhes
(legal, historical) Money or some other valuable item given to evidence a contract; a pledge or earnest.

arrhenogenic more arrhenogenic most arrhenogenic adj
arrhénogène

arrhenotokous adj
arrhénotoque

arrhythmia /eɪˈɹɪðmɪə/ /əˈɹɪðmi.ə/ arrhythmias n
arythmie

arrival /əˈɹaɪ.vəl/ arrivals n
arrivée
The act of arriving (reaching a certain place).
The fact of beginning to occur; the initial phase of something.
arrivant arrivante
A person who has arrived; a thing that has arrived.

arrival gate arrival gates n
porte d'arrivée

arrive /əˈɹaɪv/ v
arriver
(intransitive, copulative) To reach; to get to a certain place.
percer réussir
(intransitive) To obtain a level of success or fame; to succeed.

arriver arrivers n
arrivant arrivante
One who arrives; usually, one who arrives in a specified way.

arrière-garde arrière-gardes n
arrière-garde
(obsolete) The rearguard of an army or other force.

arrogance /ˈæɹ.oʊ.ɡəns/ /ˈæɹ.ə.ɡəns/ arrogances n
arrogance orgueil
The state of being arrogant; a type of extreme or foolish pride in which someone feels much superior to another.

arrogant /ˈæɹəɡənt/ more arrogant most arrogant adj
arrogant orgueilleux
Having excessive pride in oneself, often with contempt or disrespect for others.

arrogantly more arrogantly most arrogantly adv
avec arrogance
In an arrogant manner; with undue pride or self-importance.

arrondissement /æˌɹɒndiːsˈmɒ̃/ /əˈɹɑndɪsmənt/ /əˈɹɒndɪsmənt/ /ˌæɹɒnˈdiːsmɒ̃/ arrondissements n
arrondissement
An administrative division in some French- or Dutch-speaking countries

arrow /ˈæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈæɹ.ə/ /ˈæɹ.əʊ/ /ˈɛ(ə)ɹ.oʊ/ arrows n
flèche
A projectile consisting of a shaft, a point and a tail with stabilizing fins that is shot from a bow.
A sign or symbol used to indicate a direction (e.g. →).
(computing) The -> symbol, which has specific meanings in various programming languages.

arrowmaker /ˈæɹəʊˌmeɪkɚ/ arrowmakers n
fléchier fléchière
A person who makes arrows.

arrowword arrowwords n
mots fléchés
A kind of crossword puzzle with the clues written in the grid, accompanied by arrows that indicate the position and direction of the answers.

arroyo /əˈɹɔɪ.oʊ/ /əˈɹɔɪ.əʊ/ arroyos n
cadereau
A dry creek or streambed, a gulch which temporarily or seasonally fills and flows (after sufficient rain).

arsecheek /ɑɹst͡ʃik/ /ɑːstʃik/ arsecheeks n
fesse miche
(vulgar, slang) A buttock.

arsehole /ˈɑː(ɹ)s.hoʊl/ arseholes n
trou du cul boîte à caca fion rondelle trou de balle
(British, Australia, Ireland, NZ, Canada, _, (regional)) The anus.
trou du cul trouduc con
(mildly vulgar, offensive) An inconsiderate or mean-spirited person. Less vulgar and intense than fucker or cunt.

arsenal /ˈɑː(ɹ)snəl/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)sənəl/ arsenals n
arsenal
A military establishment for the storing, development, manufacturing, testing, or repairing of arms, ammunition, and other war materiel; an armoury.
A stock of weapons, especially all the weapons that a nation possesses.
A store or supply of anything.

arsenate /ˈɑː(ɹ)səneɪt/ arsenates n
arséniate
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of arsenic acid.

arsenian more arsenian most arsenian adj
arsénien

arsenic /ɑɹˈsɛnɪk/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈsɛnɪk/ /ˈɑɹsənɪk/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).sə.nɪk/ arsenics n
arsenic
A toxic grey brittle nonmetallic chemical element (symbol As) with an atomic number of 33.

arsenic acid n
acide arsénique
(inorganic compound) A poisonous, white crystalline compound, H3AsO4, formed from arsenic pentoxide and water; it has the same structure as phosphoric acid, and is used in the manufacture of arsenates.

arsenide /ˈaɹsəˌnaɪd/ arsenides n
arséniure
A compound with arsenic in oxidation state −3.

arseniferous more arseniferous most arseniferous adj
arsénifère
(geology) Containing or producing arsenic.

arsenious adj
arsénieux
(chemistry) Of or containing arsenic with a valence of 3.

arsenious acid n
acide arsénieux

arshin arshins n
archine
An obsolete Russian length unit, equal to 71.12 centimeters, or 28 inches.

arsis /ˈɑː(ɹ)sɪs/ arses n
arsis
(poetry) The stronger part of a metrical foot: the part containing the long (heavy) syllable in quantitative meter, or the stressed syllable in a qualitative meter.
(music) The elevation of the hand, or that part of the bar at which it is raised, in beating time; the weak or unaccented part of the bar, opposed to the thesis.

arson /ˈɑɹsən/ /ˈɑːsən/ arsons n
incendie incendie criminel
The crime of deliberately starting a fire with intent to cause damage.

arsonist /ˈɑɹsənəst/ /ˈɑːsənɪst/ arsonists n
incendiaire pyromane
One who has committed the act of arson, or illegally setting fire to property.

art /ɐːt/ /ɑɹt/ /ɑːt/ [-tsʰ] [-t̚] [-ɻ-] [aːt] [äːt] [äˑɹt] [ɐɹt] [ɑɹt] [ɑːt] [ɑːtʰ] [ɑːʔ] [ɑˑɻt] [ɑ̈ɹt] [ɒət] [ɒɹt] [ɒːt] arts n
art
(uncountable) The conscious production or arrangement of sounds, colours, forms, movements, or other elements in a manner that affects the senses and emotions, usually specifically the production of the beautiful in a graphic or plastic medium.
(countable) Skillful creative activity, usually with an aesthetic focus.
(uncountable) The study and the product of these processes.
(uncountable) Aesthetic value.
(countable) A field or category of art, such as painting, sculpture, music, ballet, or literature.
(countable) A nonscientific branch of learning; one of the liberal arts.
(countable) Skill that is attained by study, practice, or observation.
(uncountable, dated) Contrivance, scheming, manipulation.
œuvre
(uncountable) Artwork.

art dealer art dealers n
marchand d'art marchande d’art
(This entry is a translation hub.) A person who buys and sells works of art

art director art directors n
directeur artistique directrice artistique
A person who supervises and unifies the vision of an artistic production, including its visual appearance and psychological appeal to a target audience.

art for art's sake n
l'art pour l'art
(arts, slogan) Art with no function; whose only purpose is beauty.

art gallery art galleries n
galerie d’art
A room, group of rooms, or other space where works of art are placed on display, possibly for sale.

art historian art historians n
historien de l'art historienne de l'art
An expert in art history.

art history n
histoire de l'art
The study of the history of the visual arts.

art house art houses n
salle d'art et d'essai
A cinema that shows art films and foreign films which are not widely distributed.

art of war arts of war n
art de la guerre art militaire
The numerous strategies and tactics available to military leaders during combat.

artel /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɛl/ /ɑːɹˈtɛl/ artels n
artel
(now, historical) A Russian or Soviet craftsmen's collective. [from 18th c.]

artemisia /ɑːtɪˈmɪzɪə/ artemisias n
armoise
Any of many aromatic flowering plants of the genus Artemisia, including wormwood, sagebrush, and tarragon, often used as traditional medicine, oral contraceptive and flavouring.

arterial adj
artériel
Of or relating to an artery.

arteriole arterioles n
artériole
(anatomy) One of the small branches of an artery, especially one that connects with capillaries.

arteriosclerosis /ɑɹˌtiɹioʊsklɚˈoʊsəs/ arterioscleroses n
artériosclérose
(pathology) Hardening, narrowing or loss of elasticity in arteries or blood vessels.

arteritic adj
artéritique
(pathology) Relating to arteritis.

arteritis arteritides n
artérite
(pathology) The inflammation of arterial walls, often due to infection or an autoimmune response.

artery /ˈɑɹ.təɹ.i/ /ˈɑː.tə.ɹi/ arteries n
artère
(anatomy) Any of the muscular- and elastic-walled blood vessels forming part of the circulation system by which blood is conveyed away from the heart regardless of its oxygenation status; see pulmonary artery.
(transport) A major transit corridor in a system of roads, rivers, or railway lines.

artesian /ɑɹˈtiʒən/ /ɑːˈtiːʒən/ adj
artésien
(of a water supply) Rising to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.

artesian well artesian wells n
puits artésien
An aquifer in which water rises to the surface under its own hydrostatic pressure.
A bore-hole in an artesian basin.

artful /ˈɑɹtf(ə)l/ /ˈɑːtf(ʊ)l/ more artful most artful adj
artistique
Exhibiting or using much art or skill; dexterous; skilful.
artificieux
(especially) Skilful at using dishonest or unfair means to achieve a purpose; crafty, cunning.

artfully more artfully most artfully adv
habilement

arthritis /ɑː(ɹ)θˈɹ(a)ɪtɪs/ arthritides n
arthrite
Inflammation of a joint or joints causing pain and/or disability, swelling and stiffness, and due to various causes such as infection, trauma, degenerative changes or metabolic disorders.

arthritism n
arthritisme

arthrogryposis arthrogryposes n
arthrogrypose
(countable, teratology) The permanent fixation of a joint in a contracted position.

arthrology n
arthrologie
(anatomy) The branch of anatomy dealing with the joints

arthromere arthromeres n
métamère
(anatomy) Any of the constitutive body segments of a jointed animal.

arthrometer arthrometers n
arthromètre
(medicine) A device for measuring the arc or range of mobility of a joint.

arthropod /ˈɑːθrəpɒd/ arthropodae arthropods n
arthropode
An invertebrate animal of the phylum Arthropoda, characterized by a chitinous exoskeleton and multiple jointed appendages.

arthroscope arthroscopes n
arthroscope
(medicine) A form of endoscope used in arthroscopy

artichoke /ˈɑɹ.tɪˌtʃoʊk/ /ˈɑː.tɪˌtʃəʊk/ artichokes n
artichaut
A plant related to the thistle with enlarged flower heads eaten as a vegetable while immature, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus.

artichoke bottom artichoke bottoms n
fond d'artichaut
The edible fleshy receptacle at the bottom of an artichoke flower.

artichoke heart artichoke hearts n
cœur d'artichaut
The edible base of an artichoke, prepared by removing the outer leaves and the inedible choke covering it.

article /ˈɑɹtəkl̩/ /ˈɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈɑːtɪkəl/ [ˈɑ(ː)ɹɾɨkɫ̩] [ˈɑːtʰɪkʰəɫ] articles n
article
A piece of nonfiction writing such as a story, report, opinion piece, or entry in a newspaper, magazine, journal, encyclopedia, etc.
An object, a member of a group or class.
(grammar) A part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun (a, an, or the in English). In some languages the article may appear as an ending (e.g. definite article in Swedish) or there may be none (e.g. Russian, Pashto).
A section of a legal document, bylaws, etc. or, in the plural, the entire document seen as a collection of these.

article of faith articles of faith n
article de foi
A thing that is believed as a matter of faith.

articular adj
articulaire
(anatomy) Of, at, or relating to the joints of the body.

articulate /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jʊ.lət/ /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.lət/ more articulate most articulate adj
clair
Clear; effective.
éloquent
Speaking in a clear and effective manner.
articulé
(obsolete) Expressed in articles or in separate items or particulars.

articulate /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.leɪt/ v
articuler
(ambitransitive) To speak clearly; to enunciate.
(anatomy, intransitive) to form a joint or connect by joints
articuler formuler
(transitive) To explain; to put into words; to make something specific.

articulated adj
articulé
Constructed with one or more pivoted joints which allow bending of an otherwise rigid structure.

articulated bus articulated buses n
autobus articulé bus accordéon
A bus fitted with a joint, which is covered by an accordion-shaped weatherproofing, to increase its manoeuvrability.

articulately more articulately most articulately adv
articulément éloquemment
In an articulate manner.

articulative more articulative most articulative adj
articulatif
Serving to articulate or express something.

articulatory /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jə.lə.t(ə.)ɹɪ/ /ɑːɹˈtɪk.jə.ləˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
articulatoire
(phonology) Of or pertaining to articulation; phonetic.

artifact /ˈɑɹtɪfækt/ /ˈɑːtɪfækt/ [-ɾə-] [-ɾɪ-] artifacts n
artefact artéfact
An object made or shaped by human hand or labor.
(archaeology) An object, such as a tool, ornament, or weapon of archaeological or historical interest, especially such an object found at an archaeological excavation.
artefact
Something viewed as a product of human agency or conception rather than an inherent element.
construction
A finding or structure in an experiment or investigation that is not a true feature of the object under observation, but is a result of external action, the test arrangement, or an experimental error.
(software engineering) Ellipsis of build artifact.

artifice /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪfɪs/ artifices n
artifice feinte
A crafty but underhanded deception.

artificer /ɑɹtɪˈfɪsɚ/ /ɑɹˈtɪfəsɚ/ artificers n
armurier artificier
A member of the military who specializes in manufacturing and repairing weapon systems.

artificial /ˌɑː(ɹ).təˈfɪʃ.əl/ [ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl] more artificial most artificial adj
artificiel
Man-made; made by humans; of artifice.
Not natural or normal: imposed arbitrarily or without regard to the specifics or normal circumstances of a person, a situation, etc.
(bridge) Conveying some meaning other than the actual contents of one's hand.

artificial insemination n
insémination artificielle
(biology, medicine) The introduction of semen into the uterus or cervix of a female by a means other than copulation.

artificial intelligence artificial intelligences n
intelligence artificielle
(computer science) The branch of computer science dealing with the reproduction or mimicking of human-level intelligence, self-awareness, knowledge, conscience, thought in computer programs.
Intelligence exhibited by an artificial (non-natural, man-made) entity.
The essential quality of a machine which thinks in a manner similar to or on the same general level as a real human being.

artificial respiration artificial respirations n
respiration artificielle
(medicine) The manual or mechanical forcing of air into the lungs of a person who is not breathing in order to maintain life.

artificial selection n
sélection artificielle
(evolutionary theory) Intervention by humans in the breeding of plants or animals in order to preserve selected genetic traits.

artificial turf artificial turfs n
pelouse artificielle pelouse synthétique synthé
An artificial grass surface made to resemble real grass, often used for sports fields.

artificially more artificially most artificially adv
artificiellement
In an artificial manner.

artillery /ɑɹˈtɪləɹi/ /ɑːˈtɪləɹi/ artilleries n
artillerie
An army unit that uses such weapons, or a military formation using projectile weapons, such as archers.

artilleryman artillerymen n
artilleur
(military) A soldier enlisted in an artillery unit or who uses artillery.

artiodactyl /ˌɑːtɪəʊˈdaktɪl/ artiodactyls n
artiodactyle
(zoology) Any ungulate mammal with an even number of toes and belonging to the Artiodactyla, including pigs, sheep, deer, cattle, and most grazing animals. In contrast, horses have an odd number of toes and as such are not Artiodactyla, but Perissodactyla. [from 19th c.]

artisan /ˈɑɹtɪsən/ /ˈɑɹtɪzən/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzæn/ /ˈɑː(ɹ)tɪzən/ artisans n
artisan artisane
A skilled manual worker who uses tools and machinery in a particular craft.

artisanal /ɑːˈtɪzən(ə)l/ [ˈäɹtəzæn(ə)l] adj
artisanal
Of or pertaining to artisans or the work of artisans.
Involving skilled work, with comparatively little reliance on machinery.
(of an item, especially a foodstuff) Made by an artisan (skilled worker).

artisanally more artisanally most artisanally adv
artisanalement
In an artisanal manner.

artisanate artisanates n
artisanat
The class of artisans or skilled manual workers, collectively.

artist /ˈɑɹ.tɪst/ /ˈɑːtɪst/ artists n
artiste peintre peintresse
A person who creates art as an occupation.
A person who creates art.

artist's impression artists' impressions n
vue d'artiste

artistic /ɑɹˈtɪstɪk/ /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ more artistic most artistic adj
artistique
Having or revealing creative skill.
Relating to or characteristic of art or artists.
Aesthetically pleasing.

artistic gymnastics n
gymnastique artistique
(sport) A discipline of gymnastics in which athletes perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 seconds) on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting

artistic licence n
licence artistique
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by an artist to achieve a desired effect.

artistically /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkli/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪstɪkəli/ more artistically most artistically adv
artistiquement artistement
In an artistic manner.

arts and letters n
arts et lettres

arugula /əˈɹuɡələ/ /əˈɹʊɡələ/ arugulas n
roquette
One of three yellowish-flowered Mediterranean herbs of the mustard family with flavoured leaves, often eaten in salads. Has a distinct, peppery flavor:

arum /ˈɛ(ə)ɹəm/ arums n
arum
A flower or plant in the genus Arum

arum lily arum lilies n
arum arum blanc
Any of several flowering plants, of the family Araceae, but especially Zantedeschia aethiopica, the calla lily that has a showy white spathe.

arvo /ˈɐː.vəʉ/ /ˈɑː(ɹ).vəʊ/ arvos n
aprèm
(Australia, New Zealand, UK, informal) Afternoon.

aryballos aryballoi aryballoses n
aryballe
A small Ancient Greek flask used to hold perfume or oil.

arête /əˈɹeɪt/ /əˈɹɛt/ arêtes n
arête
(geology) A very thin ridge of rock.

as /æz/ /əz/ adv
as lorsque quand alors que au fur et à mesure que au moment où
To such an extent or degree; to the same extent or degree.
comme as en tant que puisque car ainsi que
Considered to be, in relation to something else; in the relation (specified).
as que
(dated) For example; for instance. (Compare such as.)

as /æz/ /əz/ conjunction
comme as quand ainsi que au moment où aussi
In the (same) way or manner that; to the (same) degree that.
lorsque quand alors que au fur et à mesure que au moment où pendant que
At the same time that, during the same time when: while.
comme puisque car
Being that, considering that, because, since.
que
(dated) Introducing a comparison with a hypothetical state (+ subjunctive, or with the verb elided): as though, as if. [to 19th century]
en tant que comme
(law) used before a preposition to clarify that the prepositional phrase restricts the meaning of the sentence; specifically.

as /ˈæs/ ases asses n
comme que puisque car
(unit of weight) A libra.
comme as en tant que puisque lorsque quand
(numismatics) Any of several coins of Rome, coined in bronze or later copper; or the equivalent value.

as /æz/ /əz/ preposition
comme as que puisque car lorsque
Introducing a basis of comparison, with an object in the objective case.
comme as en tant que lorsque quand ainsi que
In the role of.
as
by way of

as I was saying phraseologicalUnit
comme je disais
(idiomatic, informal) Used to refer back to one's own previous statement in a discourse

as a consequence of preposition
en conséquence de

as a matter of fact
en fait en réalité en vérité à vrai dire
(adverbial) Actually, in fact.

as a result
du coup par conséquent
(conjunctive) Consequently; thus; therefore; hence.

as a rule adv
en règle générale généralement normalement
(idiomatic) In general; most often.

as a whole
en fin de compte somme toute tout compte fait
(idiom) Considered all together.

as best one can adv
au mieux du mieux possible du mieux que [[l']]on peut tant bien que mal
(idiomatic) In the best possible way, given one's circumstances and abilities.

as far as one knows adv
pour autant que je sache
(idiomatic) To the best of one's knowledge, as far as someone knows about the topic, subject, aspect, or situation.

as far as the eye can see
à perte de vue

as fast as one's legs could carry one adv
à toutes jambes

as follows adv
comme suit de la façon suivante
In the manner described hereafter.

as for preposition
pour quant à
Regarding; about; concerning.

as fuck adv
d’une force foutrement vachement
(postpositive, slang, vulgar, simile) To a great extent or degree; very.

as good as adv
déjà pratiquement presque tout comme
almost, virtually, practically; tantamount to

as good as new adv
comme au premier jour comme neuf
(simile) In a very good condition or state, especially after being damaged or used much.

as hell adv
à crever à mort
(postpositive, simile) To a great extent or degree; very.

as if /əz‿ˈɪf/ /ˌæz‿ˈɪf/ conjunction
comme si
As though; in a manner suggesting.
In mimicry of.

as if /əz‿ˈɪf/ /ˌæz‿ˈɪf/ interjection
genre mais bien sûr
(idiomatic) Refers to something that the speaker deems highly unlikely.

as if by magic phraseologicalUnit
comme par magie
In a very surprising or seemingly impossible way.

as if nothing had happened adv
comme si de rien comme si de rien n'était

as if there were no tomorrow adv
comme si sa vie en dépendait
(idiomatic) To an excessive degree, oftentimes with little to no regard to future consequences; desperately; recklessly or wantonly; frantically; very quickly or very much.

as in adv
c'est-à-dire
(idiomatic, conjunctive) In the sense of.

as is /æzˈɪz/ adj
tel quel telle quelle telles quelles tels quels
(idiomatic, of an object) as it is; in its present state or condition, especially as a contractual condition of sale.

as it happens adv
il se trouve
(idiomatic) By coincidence, incidentally.

as it is adv
en l'état tel quel
In the actual circumstances (and often contrary to expectations).

as it stands
en l'état actuel des choses
In the current state or circumstance.

as it were adv
pour ainsi dire
Used to indicate that a word or statement is perhaps not exact though practically right; as if it were so.

as long as conjunction
pour peu que pourvu que du moment que
(idiomatic) Provided that, if, assuming (depending upon some condition or requirement).
pendant que tandis tant
(idiomatic) While, Since

as much adv
autant
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as,‎ much.

as much as adv
rien moins que
Practically, just as, no less than; indicates an action tantamount to, but not identical to, the action described.

as much as conjunction
autant que
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see as,‎ much.
Used to say that two things are equal in amount or degree
Used to say that an amount is as large as another amount

as much as possible adv
autant que possible le plus possible
As much as is possible.

as of preposition
à partir de à compter de
(idiomatic) At or by a specified time, with the implication that the said condition will be true from that time onward.

as of right
de plein droit
(legal) By virtue of an entitlement or authority which arises from certain legal conditions or circumstances; by operation of law.

as one man adv
comme un seul homme

as opposed to preposition
par opposition à
in contrast to, rather than, instead of; particularly used in defining a concept by providing an example that does not fall inside the concept.

as per /ˌæz ˈpɜː/ /ˌæz ˈpɝ/ preposition
conformément à

as quickly as possible
aussi vite que possible

as regards preposition
en ce qui concerne quant à
regarding, concerning

as soon as conjunction
dès que aussitôt que sitôt que
At the moment when; immediately after.

as soon as possible adv
dès que possible au plus tôt dans les plus brefs délais le plus vite possible
As soon as is possible; at one's earliest convenience; at the earliest possible time.

as such
en tant que tel
In the role or manner of the thing mentioned.
(usually in negative constructions) In a true or literal sense.
Being as previously mentioned or described.

as the case may be phraseologicalUnit
le cas échéant selon le cas
As is appropriate to the circumstances; particularly where a choice must be made between two options.

as the crow flies adv
à vol d'oiseau
(idiomatic) In a straight line distance between two locations, as opposed to the road distance or over land distance.

as the saying goes phraseologicalUnit
comme dirait l'autre comme dit le proverbe comme on dit
Used before or after saying an apt proverb, adage, cliché etc.

as though /əzˈðəʊ/ conjunction
comme si comme pour
As to suggest the idea that; as if, as would be true if.

as to preposition
quant à
With reference or regard to.
selon
According to; in a manner conforming or corresponding to; in proportion.

as usual adv
comme [[d'habitude]] comme [[d'ordinaire]] comme d'hab comme de coutume
As is usually the case; as always.

as well /æzwɛl/ /æzˈwɛl/ /əzˈwɛl/ [æˑzˈwɛːɫ] adv
aussi autant que
(idiomatic) In addition; also.
aussi bien tout aussi bien
To the same effect.

as well as /əz ˈwɛl æz/ /əz ˈwɛl əz/ /əˈzwɛlz/ conjunction
ainsi que de même que
And, in addition.

as well as /əz ˈwɛl æz/ /əz ˈwɛl əz/ /əˈzwɛlz/ preposition
en plus de
In addition to; further to.

as yet adv
jusqu'à présent pour l'instant pour le moment
(idiomatic) Up to the present.

as you know adv
comme vous le savez
(idiomatic) as it is already known.

as you make your bed, so you must lie in it proverb
comme on fait son lit on se couche
You shall carry the negative consequences of your not having prepared properly.

as you sow, so shall you reap /əz‿ju ˈsoʊ soʊ‿ʃəl‿ju ˈɹip/ /əz‿ju ˈsəʊ səʊ‿ʃəl‿ju ˈɹiːp/ proverb
vous récolterez ce que vous semez
The consequences of one's actions to oneself are in proportion to one's good or bad intentions towards others.

as you were interjection
repos
(military) Disregard the previous partial command or order and return to the most recent formal command or order.

asafoetida /ˌæsəˈfɛtɪdə/ asafoetidas n
ase fétide
A resinous gum from the stem and roots of Ferula species such as Ferula foetida and Ferula assa-foetida, having a strong, unpleasant smell, with culinary and medical uses. [from 14th c.]

asarabacca asarabaccas n
asaret
An acrid herbaceous plant, Asarum europaeum, the leaves and roots of which are emetic and cathartic.

asbestiform adj
asbestiforme

asbestos /æsˈbɛs.tɒs/ /æsˈbɛs.təs/ /æzˈbɛs.təs/ asbesti asbestoses n
amiante asbeste
(mineral) Any of several fibrous mineral forms of magnesium silicate, used for fireproofing, electrical insulation, building materials, brake linings, chemical filters, suits, fireman's gloves, etc.

ascend /əˈsɛnd/ v
monter
(intransitive) To move upward, to fly, to soar.

ascendancy /əˈsɛndənsi/ ascendancies n
ascendant
The quality of being in the ascendant; dominant control, supremacy.

ascendant /əˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ /əˈsɛndənt/ more ascendant most ascendant adj
ascendant
Moving upward; ascending, rising.
(astrology) In an eastern direction rising just above the horizon.
(astronomy) Rising towards the zenith.

ascendant /əˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ /əˈsɛndənt/ ascendants n
ascendant
(astrology, also, figurative) The degree of the zodiac or point of the ecliptic which rises in an eastern direction above the horizon at a particular moment (especially the moment of a person's birth), which is supposed to have a commanding influence on a person's fortune and life; a horoscope.
(genealogy) An ancestor.

ascender ascenders n
ascendante hampe

ascending /əˈsɛn.dɪŋ/ adj
ascendant croissant
(computing) That causes a sequence to follow an ascending order.
croissant
Rising or increasing to higher levels, values, or degrees. (of a sequence)

ascending colon ascending colons n
côlon ascendant
(anatomy) A part of the colon between the cecum and the transverse colon.

ascension /əˈsɛnʃən/ ascensions n
ascension
The act of ascending; an ascent.

ascertain /ˌæsəˈteɪn/ /ˌæsɚˈteɪn/ v
constater définir
To find out definitely; to discover or establish.

ascesis /æ-/ /əˈsisɪs/ /əˈsiːsɪs/ /əˈskiːsɪs/ asceses n
ascèse
(Rigorous) self-discipline, particularly as a religious observance; asceticism.

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ more ascetic most ascetic adj
ascétique
Of or relating to ascetics

ascetic /əˈsɛ.tɪk/ ascetics n
ascète
One who is devoted to the practice of self-denial, either through seclusion or stringent abstinence.

asceticism /əˈsɛt.əˌsɪz.əm/ asceticisms n
ascèse ascétisme
The principles and practices of an ascetic; extreme self-denial and austerity.

ascites /əˈsaɪtiːz/ ascites n
ascite
(medicine) An accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, frequently symptomatic of liver disease.

ascomycete ascomycetes n
ascomycète
(mycology) Any fungus of the phylum Ascomycota, characterized by the production of a sac, or ascus, which contains non-motile spores.

ascorbic acid n
acide ascorbique
(vitamin) A white crystalline organic compound, C6H8O6, found in citrus fruits and many vegetables; it is an antioxidant and an efficient scavenger of free radicals.

ascribe /əˈskɹaɪb/ v
attribuer imputer prêter
(transitive) To attribute a cause or characteristic to someone or something.
attribuer
(transitive) To attribute a book, painting or any work of art or literature to a writer or creator.

ascription ascriptions n
attribution
The act, or an instance, of ascribing a quality, characteristic, quotation, artistic work, or other thing to someone or something.

ascus asci n
asque
(mycology) A sac-shaped cell present in ascomycete fungi; it is a reproductive cell in which meiosis and an additional cell division produce eight spores.

asemantic adj
asémantique
Not semantic; not conveying or involving meaning.

asepsis asepses n
asepsie
(pathology) The state of being free from sepsis.
(pathology) The process of removing pathogenic organisms or protecting against such organisms.

asexual /eɪˈsɛkʃuəl/ adj
asexuel
(especially, of a person) Not experiencing sexual attraction; lacking interest in or desire for sex.
asexuel asexué
(biology) Lacking distinct sex, lacking sexual organs.
(biology) Without sexual action; reproducing by some other method than sex.

asexual reproduction n
multiplication asexuée
(biology) Any form of reproduction that involves neither meiosis nor fusion of gametes.

asexuality asexualities n
asexualité
The state of experiencing little or no sexual attraction.
The state of not having a sex or sexual organs.

asexually more asexually most asexually adv
asexuellement
In an asexual manner; without having sex.

ash /æʃ/ ashes n
cendre
The solid remains of a fire.
frêne
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.
e dans l'a
The traditional name for the ae ligature (æ), as used in Old English.

ash blond adj
blond cendré
(of hair or a person) Greyish blonde.

ash blond ash blonds n
blond cendré
A shade of blond with a hint of grey to it.

ash tree ash trees n
frêne
A tree of the genus Fraxinus, with compound leaves and a tough, flexible wood.

ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ more ashamed most ashamed adj
honteux
Feeling shame or guilt.

ashcan ashcans n
cendrier poubelle
A container for ashes, used in times past for accumulating ashes generated from wood and coal fires, for eventual disposal elsewhere.

ashen /ˈæʃ.ən/ more ashen most ashen adj
cendré
Of or resembling ashes.
cendré cendreux
Ash-colored; pale; anemic, anaemic; appalled.

ashlar /ˈæʃlə/ /ˈæʃlɚ/ ashlars n
pierre de taille
(architecture) Masonry employing flat and well-squared stone or brick, creating an appearance similar to wooden flooring.
(military, historical) A stone intended for hurling via a catapult or similar device.

ashtray /ˈæʃ.tɹeɪ/ ashtrays n
cendrier
A receptacle for ash and butts from cigarettes and cigars.

asiago asiagos n
Asiago
A hard Italian cheese similar to parmesan.

aside /əˈsaɪd/ adv
à côté
To or on one side so as to be out of the way.

aside /əˈsaɪd/ asides n
aparté en passant soit dit en passant
An incidental remark to a person next to one made discreetly but not in private, audible only to that person. (theatre) A brief comment by a character addressing the audience, unheard by other characters.

aside from preposition
à part
excluding; with the exception of

asinine /ˈæs.ə.naɪn/ /ˈæs.ɪ.naɪn/ more asinine most asinine adj
asinin stupide
Very foolish; failing to exercise intelligence or judgement or rationality.
asinin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of donkeys.

ask /eəsk/ /ˈask/ /ˈæks/ /ˈæsk/ /ˈɑːks/ /ˈɑːsk/ v
demander poser
(transitive, or, ditransitive) To request (information, or an answer to a question).

ask after v
demander après
(idiomatic) To enquire about the health or progress (of someone).

ask around v
demander autour de soi

ask for v
demander
To request.

ask for it v
chercher la merde le chercher
(idiomatic, informal) To provoke an unwanted action; to invite or fail to prevent a problem.

ask for the moon v
demander la lune

ask the impossible v
demander l'impossible

askance /əˈskæns/ /əˈskɑːns/ adv
avec méfiance de travers
(of a look or glance) With disapproval, skepticism, or suspicion.

askari askari askaris n
askari
(historical) A member of a local African military or police unit, usually one serving in a European colonial force.

askew /əˈskju/ /əˈskjuː/ adj
de guingois de travers de traviole incliné oblique penché
Turned or twisted to one side.

asking price asking prices n
prix offert
(finance) The list price or sticker price of an item; the price without any discounts or incentives.

asleep /əˈsliːp/ more asleep most asleep adj
endormi
In a state of sleep; also, broadly, resting.

asocial /eɪˈsəʊʃ(ə)l/ more asocial most asocial adj
asocial

asp /æsp/ asps n
aspic
A venomous viper native to southwestern Europe (Vipera aspis).
aspe
A type of European fish (Aspius aspius).

asparagine n
asparagine
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C4H8N2O3 found in plants such as asparagus.

asparagus /əˈspæɹ.ə.ɡəs/ /əˈspɛɹ.ə.ɡəs/ asparagi asparagus asparaguses asparagusses n
asperge
The young shoots of Asparagus officinalis eaten as a vegetable.

aspartic adj
aspartique
Of or pertaining to aspartic acid or its derivatives

aspartic acid n
acide aspartique
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, L-α-amino-succinic acid, aminobutanedioic acid, found in animal protein and in sugar beet etc (C4H7NO4).

aspect /ˈæspɛkt/ aspects n
aspect
Any specific feature, part, or element of something.
(grammar) A grammatical quality of a verb which determines the relationship of the speaker to the internal temporal flow of the event which the verb describes, or whether the speaker views the event from outside as a whole, or from within as it is unfolding. [from 19th c.]

aspect ratio aspect ratios n
ratio d'aspect
The ratio of an object's longest dimension to its next-longest dimension.
facteur de forme rapport de forme
The ratio of width to height in a flat surface or 2-dimensional abstract construction, such as an image, character, or pixel.

aspect-oriented more aspect-oriented most aspect-oriented adj
orienté aspect
(computing) Describing a system which has been written so that different subsystems appear to add themselves to the main business logic without that logic having to include them explicitly.

aspect-oriented language aspect-oriented languages n
langage orienté aspect

aspectual /ˌæˈspɛktjʊəl/ adj
aspectuel
(grammar) Of or pertaining to grammatical aspect.

aspectual pair aspectual pairs n
paire aspectuelle

aspen /ˈæspən/ aspens n
tremble
The asp tree; a kind of poplar tree (genus Populus sect. Populus). A medium-size tree with thin, straight trunks of a greenish-white color.

aspergillum /ˌæspəɹˈd͡ʒɪləm/ aspergilla aspergillums n
goupillon
(Christianity) An implement, in the form of a brush, or of a rod with a perforated container, for sprinkling holy water; a holy water sprinkler.

aspergillus /ˌæspɚˈd͡ʒɪləs/ aspergilli n
aspergille
Any of many molds, of the genus Aspergillus, many of which are pathogenic.

asperity /əˈspɛɹɪti/ /əˈspɛɹɪɾi/ asperities n
aspérité
(countable) Something that is harsh and difficult to endure.

aspermia n
aspermie
A form of infertility associated with a failure to produce semen.

aspermous more aspermous most aspermous adj
asperme
(botany) Lacking seeds.

asperse /əˈspɜːs/ /əˈspɝs/ v
asperger

asphalt /ˈæsfælt/ /ˈæsfɑlt/ /ˈæsfɔlt/ /ˈæsfɔːlt/ /ˈæsfəlt/ /ˈæʃfælt/ /ˈæʃfɑlt/ /ˈæʃfɔlt/ /ˈæʃfɔːlt/ /ˈæʃfəlt/ /ˈæʃfɛlt/ asphalts n
asphalte
A sticky, black to brown and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid, composed almost entirely of bitumen with small mineral particles, that is present in most crude petroleums and in some natural deposits.
Ellipsis of asphalt concrete, a hard ground covering used for roads and walkways.

aspheric more aspheric most aspheric adj
asphérique
aspherical

asphodel /ˈæsfədɛl/ asphodels n
asphodèle
Any of the flowering plants of the family Asphodelaceae, especially Asphodelus ramosus and Asphodelus albus; the flower of these plants.

asphyxia asphyxias n
asphyxie
Loss of consciousness due to the body's inability to deliver oxygen to its tissues, either by the breathing of air lacking oxygen or by the inability of the blood to carry oxygen.
(medicine, obsolete) A condition in which an extreme decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the body leads to loss of consciousness or death. Replaced in the mid-20th century by the more specific terms anoxia, hypoxia, hypoxemia and hypercapnia.

asphyxiation /æsfɪksiˈeɪʃən/ asphyxiations n
asphyxie
Death due to lack of oxygen.

aspic /ˈæspɪk/ aspics n
aspic
A meat or fish jelly

aspidochelone aspidochelones n
aspidochélon
A fabled sea creature according to the tradition of the Physiologus and medieval bestiaries, variously described as a large whale or vast sea turtle, and a giant sea monster with huge spines on the ridge of its back. It is often mistaken for an island, enticing unwitting sailors and drowning them.

aspie /ˈæspi/ aspies n
aspi aspie
(informal, autism, somewhat, dated) An Aspergerian: a person with Asperger’s syndrome.

aspirant /æsˈpaɪɹənt/ /ˈæspəɹənt/ aspirants n
aspirant
Someone who aspires to high office, etc.

aspirate /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/ aspirates n
aspiration
(linguistics) The puff of air accompanying the release of a plosive or fricative consonant.

aspirate /ˈæs.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pə.ɹɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈæs.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹeɪt/ /ˈæs.pɪ.ɹət/ v
aspirer pomper
(transitive) To remove a liquid or gas by means of suction.
inhaler inspirer
(transitive) To inhale so as to draw something other than air into one's lungs.

aspirate mutation /ˈæs.pɪ.rət mjuˈteɪ.ʃən/ aspirate mutations n
mutation spirante
An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances.

aspirated more aspirated most aspirated adj
aspiré
(phonetics) Pronounced with an audible breath, a brief expulsion of air at the end of the sound.

aspirated h /ˈæspəɹeɪ̯tɪd eɪ̯tʃ/ n
h aspiré
(French phonology) In the French language, usage of the letter h at the start of a word which does not allow liaison with a preceding consonant or elision of a preceding schwa.

aspiration /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃən/ aspirations n
aspiration
The act of aspiring or ardently desiring; an ardent wish or desire, chiefly after what is elevated or spiritual (with common adjunct adpositions being to and of).
The action of aspirating.
(phonetics) A burst of air that follows the release of some consonants.

aspirational /ˌæspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/ more aspirational most aspirational adj
aspirationnel

aspirator aspirators n
aspirateur
A pump which draws gas through a liquid.

aspirin /ˈæsp(ɪ)ɹɪn/ aspirins n
aspirine
(uncountable, pharmaceutical drug) an analgesic drug, acetylsalicylic acid
(countable) a tablet containing this substance

asplenia n
asplénie
(biology, medicine) Absence of normal function of the spleen, from any cause:
(biology, medicine) Physiological absence of splenic function; either substantial or total splenic dysfunction; splenic nonfunction.

asporulated adj
asporulé

ass /æs/ asses n
âne
Any of several species of horse-like animals, especially Equus asinus, the domesticated of which are used as beasts of burden.
cul
(vulgar, slang, countable, and, uncountable) The buttocks.
âne idiot imbécile moule à merde tête de nœud
(slang, mildly, _, vulgar) A stupid person.
cul fesse
(vulgar, slang, objectifying, uncountable) Sex; a person to have sex with; with vulgar emphasis on their corporeality (their body) over their personhood.

ass eating n
feuille de rose
(vulgar, slang) Anilingus.

ass-backwards adv
en arrière
(colloquial) Moving backwards, that is, rear end first.

ass-kisser ass-kissers n
fayot lèche-pompes suce-boules
(North America, vulgar, slang) Someone who kisses ass (who acts obsequiously in order to gain another's favor).

ass-kissing ass-kissings n
cirage de pompes lèche
(informal, vulgar) The practice of kissing ass; flattery; obsequious behavior.

ass-licker ass-lickers n
lèche-cul cire-pompes lèche-bottes
(US, vulgar, slang) Someone who succumbs to authority, doing whatever authority figures ask and attempting to please them in every possible way.

assail /əˈseɪl/ v
assaillir
(transitive) To attack with harsh words or violent force (also figuratively).

assailant /əˈseɪlənt/ assailants n
agresseur assaillant
Someone who attacks or assails another violently, or criminally.

assassin /əˈsæsɪn/ assassins n
assassin
(historical, , usually, capitalized) A member of the Nizari Ismaili Muslim community of the Alamut Period.
assassin assassine
Someone who intentionally kills a person, especially a professional who kills a public or political figure.
Any ruthless killer.

assassinate /əˈsæs(ə)nˌeɪt/ /əˈsæsɪneɪt/ v
assassiner
To murder someone, especially an important person, by a sudden or obscure attack, especially for ideological or political reasons. [from 17th c.]
(figuratively) To harm, ruin, or defame severely or destroy by treachery, slander, libel, or obscure attack.

assassination /əˌsæs.ɪ.ˈneɪ.ʃən/ assassinations n
assassinat
The murder of a person, especially for political reasons or for personal gain.

assassinee /əˈsæsəni/ /əˈsæsɪniː/ /əˌsæsəˈni/ /əˌsæsɪˈniː/ assassinees n
assassiné assassinée
(nonstandard, often, humorous) One who is assassinated.

assault /əˈsɑlt/ /əˈsɔlt/ /əˈsɔːlt/ /əˈsʌlt/ assaults n
agression assaut
A violent onset or attack with physical means, for example blows, weapons, etc.

assault /əˈsɑlt/ /əˈsɔlt/ /əˈsɔːlt/ /əˈsʌlt/ v
attaquer agresser
(transitive) To attack, physically or figuratively; to assail.

assault rifle assault rifles n
fusil d'assaut
A military select-fire rifle or carbine that fires a shortened rifle caliber round or lower-power smaller-calibre round, from a high-capacity magazine.

assay /əˈseɪ/ /ˈæseɪ/ assays n
essai test
Trial, attempt.
dosage essai
The act or process of ascertaining the proportion of a particular metal in an ore or alloy; especially, the determination of the proportion of gold or silver in bullion or coin.

assay /əˈseɪ/ /ˈæseɪ/ v
analyser
(transitive) To analyze or estimate the composition or value of (a metal, ore etc.). [from 15th c.]

asscheek /ˈæst͡ʃik/ asscheeks n
fesse miche
(vulgar, _, slang) A buttock.

assegai /ˈæsəɡaɪ/ assegais n
sagaie zagaie
A slim hardwood spear or javelin with an iron tip, especially those used by Bantu peoples of Southern Africa.

assemblage /əˈsɛmblɪd͡ʒ/ assemblages n
assemblage
The process of assembling or bringing together.
A collection of things which have been gathered together or assembled.
(archaeology) A group of different artifacts found in association with one another.

assemble /əˈsɛmbl̩/ v
se rassembler
assembler monter rassembler
(transitive) To put together.
rassembler réunir assembler
(ambitransitive) To gather as a group.

assembler /əˈsɛmb(ə)lɚ/ assemblers n
assembleur
(programming, countable) A program that reads source code written in assembly language and produces executable machine code, possibly together with information needed by linkers, debuggers and other tools.

assembly /əˈsɛmb.li/ /əˈsɛmb.lɪ/ assemblies n
assemblage bloc groupe
The act of putting together a set of pieces, fragments, or elements.
assemblée rassemblement
A congregation of people in one place for a purpose.
assemblée parlement
(politics) A legislative body.
assembleur
(computing) Ellipsis of assembly language.

assembly language assembly languages n
langage d'assemblage
(computer languages) A programming language in which the source code of programs is composed of mnemonic instructions, each of which corresponds directly to a machine instruction for a particular processor.

assembly line assembly lines n
ligne de montage
(manufacturing) A system of workers and machinery in which a product is assembled in a series of consecutive operations; typically the product is conveyed by a continuously moving belt

assent /əˈsɛnt/ assents n
assentiment
agreement; act of agreeing

assent /əˈsɛnt/ v
assentir
(intransitive) To agree to a proposal.

assert /əˈsɜːt/ /əˈsɝt/ v
affirmer asseoir attester
(reflexive) To insist on the legitimacy of one's rights, opinion, etc; not to allow oneself to be dismissed; to ensure that one is taken into consideration; to make oneself respected; to be assertive. See assert oneself.

assertion /əˈsɜɹʃən/ /əˈsɜːʃən/ [əˈsɝʃn̩] assertions n
affirmation
The act of asserting; positive declaration or averment.
Maintenance; vindication
(finance) the set of information that the statement preparer is providing in a financial statement audit.
assertion confirmation
Something which is asserted; a declaration; a statement asserted.

assertive /əˈsɝtɪv/ more assertive most assertive adj
assertif assuré
Boldly self-assured; confident without being aggressive.

assertiveness assertivenesses n
assertivité
The quality of being assertive.

assess /əˈses/ /əˈsɛs/ v
évaluer estimer infliger
(transitive) To determine, estimate or judge the value of; to evaluate
infliger
(transitive) To impose or charge, especially as punishment for an infraction.

assessment assessments n
évaluation
The act of assessing or an amount (of tax, levy or duty etc) assessed.
évaluation estimation
An appraisal or evaluation.

assessor /əˈsɛsɚ/ assessors n
contrôleur contrôleure contrôleuse répartiteur répartitrice évaluateur
One who assesses a property for tax or insurance evaluation.
appréciateur appréciatrice assesseur assesseure assesseuse
(law) A specialist who assists the court in determining a matter.
estimateur estimatrice évaluateur évaluatrice
One who assesses a project for cost evaluation.

asset /ˈæsət/ /ˈæsɛt/ /ˈæsɪt/ assets n
actif
(accounting) Any item recorded on the left-hand side of a balance sheet.
avoir atout module
(software) Any component, model, process or framework of value that can be leveraged or reused.

asset management n
gestion d’actifs
(business) The process of managing, monitoring and maintaining the value of a commercial entity.

asset-backed adj
adossé à des actifs
(finance) Having assets as collateral.

assets /ˈæsɛts/ n
actif
(accounting) The left side of a balance sheet.

assfuck /ˈæsfʌk/ assfucks n
brise-burnes casse-couilles connard connasse emmerdeur enquiquineuse
(North America, vulgar) A jerk; an obnoxious person.

assfuck /ˈæsfʌk/ v
enculer
(North America, vulgar) To engage in anal intercourse.

asshole /ˈæsˌhoʊl/ assholes n
trou du cul coupe-cigare rondelle œil de bronze
(vulgar) The anus.
trou du cul connard
(vulgar, pejorative) A jerk; an inappropriately or objectionably mean, inconsiderate, contemptible, obnoxious, intrusive, stupid, and/or rude person.

assiduous /əˈsɪdjuːəs/ /əˈsɪd͡ʒu.əs/ /əˈsɪd͡ʒuːəs/ more assiduous most assiduous adj
assidu
Hard-working, diligent or regular (in attendance or work); industrious.

assiduously more assiduously most assiduously adv
assidûment
In an assiduous manner; diligently, industriously.

assign /əˈsaɪn/ v
désigner
(transitive) To designate or set apart (something) for some purpose.
assigner
(transitive) To allot or give (something) as a task.
(transitive, programming) To give (a value) to a variable.
assigner attribuer
(transitive) To attribute or sort (something) into categories.

assignee assignees n
cessionnaire
(legal) One to whom a right or property is being transferred.

assignment assignments n
affectation
The act of assigning; the allocation of a job or a set of tasks.
The categorization of something as belonging to a specific category.
A position to which someone is assigned.
(programming) An operation that assigns a value to a variable.
mission tâche
An assigned task.
devoir
(education) A task given to students, such as homework or coursework.
cession
(legal) A transfer of a right or benefit from one person to another.
acte de cession
(legal) A document that effects this transfer.

assignor assignors n
cédant
(legal) The person or party which makes an assignment.

assimilable more assimilable most assimilable adj
assimilable
Capable of being assimilated; susceptible to assimilation.

assimilate /əˈsɪm.ɪ.leɪt/ v
assimiler absorber
(transitive) To incorporate nutrients into the body, especially after digestion.
assimiler digérer
(transitive) To incorporate or absorb (knowledge) into the mind.
assimiler
(transitive) To absorb (a person or people) into a community or culture.
(transitive, rare, used with "to" or "with") To liken, compare to something similar.

assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃən/ assimilations n
assimilation
The act of assimilating or the state of being assimilated.
The metabolic conversion of nutrients into tissue.
(by extension) The absorption of new ideas into an existing cognitive structure.
(phonology) A sound change process by which the phonetics of a speech segment becomes more like that of another segment in a word (or at a word boundary), so that a change of phoneme occurs.
(sociology, cultural studies) The adoption, by a minority group, of the customs and attitudes of the dominant culture.

assist /əˈsɪst/ assists n
passe décisive
(baseball) A defensive play, allowing a teammate to record a putout.

assist /əˈsɪst/ v
assister aider
To help.
(medicine) To help compensate for what is missing with the help of a medical technique or therapy.

assistance /əˈsɪs.təns/ assistances n
assistance
Aid; help; the act or result of assisting.

assistant /əˈsɪstənt/ assistants n
assistant aide auxiliaire
A person who assists or helps someone else.

assistant manager assistant managers n
directeur adjoint

assisted dying n
mort assistée

assisted reproductive technology assisted reproductive technologies n
assistance médicale à la procréation
(medicine) Any technological means of inducing pregnancy, for example by artificial insemination.

assisted suicide assisted suicides n
suicide assisté
Suicide with the help of another person; especially suicide of a terminally ill person with the help of a physician.

associate /əˈsoʊsi.ət/ /əˈsoʊsieɪt/ /əˈsoʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsoʊʃieɪt/ /əˈsəʊsi.ət/ /əˈsəʊsieɪt/ /əˈsəʊʃi.ət/ /əˈsəʊʃieɪt/ v
fréquenter
(intransitive) To spend time socially; keep company.
associer
(transitive) To connect or join together; combine.
(transitive) To connect evidentially, or in the mind or imagination.

associate professor associate professors n
maître de conférences
(education) A teacher in a higher education institution who ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor.

association /əˌsoʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊsiˈeɪʃən/ /əˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/ associations n
association
(uncountable) The act of associating.
(countable) The state of being associated; a connection to or an affiliation with something.
(statistics) Any relationship between two measured quantities that renders them statistically dependent (but not necessarily causal or a correlation).
A group of persons associated for a common purpose; an organization; society.
(object-oriented programming) Relationship between classes of objects that allows one object instance to cause another to perform an action on its behalf.
(Philippines, Chinese Filipino) A benevolent overseas Chinese organization of popular origin for overseas Chinese individuals with the same surname or trade or business.

association football n
football soccer
A ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent.

associative /əˈsoʊ.si.ə.tɪv/ /əˈsoʊ.ʃi.ə.tɪv/ more associative most associative adj
associatif
(algebra, of a binary operator *) Such that, for any operands a, b and c, (a * b) * c = a * (b * c); (of a ring, etc.) whose multiplication operation is associative.

associative array associative arrays n
dictionnaire table d'association tableau associatif
(computing) An array-like data structure where the indices (called keys) are not limited to integers.

associativity associativities n
associativité
(algebra) The condition of being associative.

assonance /ˈæsənəns/ /ˈɛsɘnɘns/ assonances n
assonance
(prosody) The repetition of similar or identical vowel sounds (though with different consonants), usually in literature or poetry.

assorted more assorted most assorted adj
assorti connexe différent divers
Composed of a number of different kinds or types; mixed; miscellaneous.

assortment /əˈsɔːtmənt/ assortments n
assortiment
A collection of varying but related items.

asspussy asspussies n
rondelle
(North America, uncommon, slang, vulgar) The anus, as the receiving orifice in anal sex.

assuage /əˈsweɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈswɑʒ/ v
apaiser assouvir soulager
(transitive) To lessen the intensity of, to mitigate or relieve (hunger, emotion, pain etc.).
calmer apaiser
(transitive) To pacify or soothe (someone).

assume /əˈsjuːm/ /əˈsuːm/ /əˈzuːm/ /əˈʃuːm/ v
supposer présupposer présumer
To authenticate by means of belief; to surmise; to suppose to be true, especially without proof
assumer
To take on a position, duty or form
adopter prendre
To adopt (an idea or cause)

assumed /əˈsjuːmd/ /əˈsuːmd/ /əˈzuːm/ /əˈʃuːm/ more assumed most assumed adj
censé
Supposed or presumed.

assumption /əˈsʌm(p).ʃ(ə)n/ assumptions n
assomption
The act of assuming, or taking to or upon oneself; the act of taking up or adopting.
The taking of a person up into heaven.
A festival in honor of the ascent of the Virgin Mary into heaven, celebrated on 15 August.
hypothèse supposition
The act of taking for granted, or supposing a thing without proof; a supposition; an unwarrantable claim.
The thing supposed; a postulate, or proposition assumed; a supposition.
proposition prémisse
(logic) The minor or second proposition in a categorical syllogism.

assurance /əˈʃɔːɹəns/ /əˈʃɝəns/ /əˈʃʊəɹəns/ /əˈʃʊɹəns/ assurances n
assurance
The state of being assured; total confidence or trust; a lack of doubt; certainty.
(insurance) Insurance; a contract for the payment of a sum on occasion of a certain event, as loss or death. Assurance is used in relation to life contingencies, and insurance in relation to other contingencies. It is called temporary assurance, in the time within which the contingent event must happen is limited.
assurance culot
Firmness of mind; undoubting steadiness; intrepidity; courage; confidence; self-reliance.

assure /əˈʃɔː/ /əˈʃɝ/ /əˈʃʊə/ /əˈʃʊɹ/ v
rassurer
(transitive) To make sure and secure; ensure.
assurer
(transitive, followed by that or of) To give (someone) confidence in the trustworthiness of (something).

asswipe /ˈæswaɪp/ asswipes n
PQ branquignol jean-foutre mou du bulbe moule à merde papier cul
(North America, informal, vulgar) An annoying, contemptible, or worthless person.

astaciculture n
astaciculture

astasia /əsˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /əsˈteɪ.ʒə/ astasias n
astasie

astatine /ˈastətiːn/ /ˈæstəˌtin/ astatines n
astate
A highly radioactive chemical element (symbol At), one of the halogens, with atomic number 85.

asteatosis asteatoses n
astéatose

aster /ˈæstɚ/ asters n
aster
Any of several plants of the genus Aster; one of its flowers.

asterisk /ˈæst(ə)ˌɹɪks/ /ˈæstəɹɪsk/ /ˈæstəˌɹɪsk/ /ˈæstɹɪsk/ asterisks n
astérisque
Something resembling or shaped like an asterisk symbol.

asterism /ˈæs.təˌɹɪz.əm/ asterisms n
astérisme constellation
(constellation) An unofficial constellation (small group of stars that forms a visible pattern).
astérisme
A rarely used typographical symbol (⁂, three asterisks arranged in a triangle), used to call attention to a passage or to separate subchapters in a book.
(mineralogy) A star-shaped figure exhibited by some crystals by reflected light (as in a star sapphire) or by transmitted light (as in some mica).

asterixis asterixes n
astérixis

asteroid /ˈæst(ə)ɹɔɪd/ asteroids n
astéroïde
(astronomy) A naturally occurring solid object, which is smaller than a planet, larger than a meteoroid and not a comet, that orbits a star and often has an irregular shape.

asteroid belt pn
ceinture d’astéroïdes ceinture d'astéroïdes
(astronomy) The main asteroid belt, the region of the orbital plane of the Solar System located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter which is occupied by numerous minor planets (asteroids) and the dwarf planet Ceres.

asteroidal more asteroidal most asteroidal adj
astéroïdal
Of or pertaining to an asteroid

asteronym asteronyms n
astéronyme
(typography, rare) An asterism (⁂) or similar symbol which replaces the name of the author in a literary work.

asthenia /æsˈθi.ni.ə/ /æsˈθiː.nɪə/ asthenias n
asthénie
(medicine) Weakness; loss of strength.

asthenosphere /asˈθɛnə(ʊ)sfɪə/ asthenospheres n
asthénosphère
(geology) The zone of the Earth's upper mantle, below the lithosphere.

asthma /ˈasmə/ /ˈasθmə/ /ˈaθsmə/ /ˈæst.mə/ /ˈæzmə/ /ˈæzðmə/ /ˈæðzmə/ asthmas asthmata n
asthme
(pathology) A long-term respiratory condition, in which the airways may unexpectedly and suddenly narrow, often in response to an allergen, cold air, exercise, or emotional stress. Symptoms include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing.

asthmatic /æsˈmætɪk/ /æsˈθmætɪk/ /æzˈmætɪk/ more asthmatic most asthmatic adj
asthmatique
Having the characteristics of asthma, as in an "asthmatic cough".

asthmatic /æsˈmætɪk/ /æsˈθmætɪk/ /æzˈmætɪk/ asthmatics n
asthmatique
A person who suffers from asthma.

astigmatic more astigmatic most astigmatic adj
astigmate
(medicine) Suffering from astigmatism.

astigmatism /əˈstɪɡmətɪzm̩/ astigmatisms n
astigmatisme
(optics) A defect of a lens such that light rays coming from a point do not meet at a focal point so that the image is blurred.
(pathology) A disorder of the vision, usually due to a misshapen cornea, such that light does not focus correctly on the retina causing a blurred image.

astilbe astilbes n
astilbe

astonish /əˈstɑnɪʃ/ /əˈstɒnɪʃ/ v
surprendre étonner
To surprise greatly.

astonished more astonished most astonished adj
abasourdi stupéfié
Amazed; surprised.

astonishing /əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋ/ /əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ/ more astonishing most astonishing adj
étonnant
Causing astonishment.

astonishment /əˈstɑːnɪʃmənt/ /əˈstɒnɪʃmənt/ astonishments n
étonnement
The feeling or experience of being astonished; great surprise.

astound /əˈstaʊnd/ v
étonner stupéfier ébahir épater
To astonish, bewilder or dazzle.

astounding more astounding most astounding adj
impressionnant
That astounds or astound.

astragalar adj
astragalien
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the astragalus.

astrakhan /æstɹəˈkæn/ astrakhans n
astrakan
Closely-curled black or grey fleece of very young karakul lambs from Astrakhan.
Cloth resembling the above mentioned fur, often made from wool and mohair and used for trimmings.

astral /ˈæstɹəl/ more astral most astral adj
astral
Relating to or resembling the stars; starry.

astride /əˈstɹaɪd/ adv
à califourchon
With one’s legs on either side.

astride /əˈstɹaɪd/ preposition
à califourchon sur
With one’s legs on either side of.

astringent /əˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/ astringents n
astringence
A substance which draws tissue together, thus restricting the flow of blood.

astro- prefix
astro-
celestial bodies: fixed stars, wandering stars (planets), etc.; space; astronomy

astrobiologist astrobiologists n
exobiologiste

astrobiology n
astrobiologie
(sciences) The study of life anywhere in the universe, including Earth.

astrobleme /ˈæs.tɹoʊ.blim/ /ˈæs.tɹəʊ.bliːm/ astroblemes n
astroblème
(geology) A pit-like structure created by an impacting meteoroid, asteroid or comet.

astrocentric adj
astrocentrique

astrochemical adj
astrochimique

astrochemist astrochemists n
astrochimiste

astrochemistry n
astrochimie
(chemistry, astronomy) The study of the chemical composition of stars and outer space

astrocyte astrocytes n
astrocyte
(neurology) A neuroglial cell, in the shape of a star, in the brain.

astroid astroids n
astroïde
(geometry) A hypocycloid with four cusps.

astrolabe /ˈæs.tɹəˌleɪb/ astrolabes n
astrolabe
An astronomical and navigational instrument for gauging the altitude of the Sun and stars.

astrologer /əˈstrɒl.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ astrologers astrologess n
astrologue astrologiste
One who studies or practices astrology.

astrological /ˌæstɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more astrological most astrological adj
astrologique
Of, or relating to astrology.

astrological sign astrological signs n
signe signe astrologique signe du zodiaque
(astrology) Any of twelve signs, corresponding to constellations, that are used as the basis of astrology

astrology /əˈstɹɒlədʒi/ astrologies n
astrologie
Divination about human affairs or natural phenomena from the relative positions of celestial bodies. [from 14th c.]

astrometry /əˈstɹɒmətɹi/ astrometries n
astrométrie
(astronomy) The branch of astronomy that deals with the measurement of the positions and motions of celestial bodies, particularly stars.

astronaut /ˈæstɹəˌnɑt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔt/ /ˈæstɹəˌnɔːt/ astronauts n
astronaute
A member of the crew of a spaceship or other spacecraft that travels beyond Earth's atmosphere, or someone trained to serve that purpose.

astronautic adj
astronautique astronaval
Of or pertaining to astronautics.

astronomer /ə.ˈstɹɑ.nə.mɚ/ /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mə/ /əˈstɹɒn.ə.mɚ/ astronomers n
astronome
One who studies astronomy, the stars or the physical universe; a scientist whose area of research is astronomy or astrophysics

astronomical /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɑm.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌæs.tɹəˈnɒm.ɪ.kəl/ more astronomical most astronomical adj
astronomique
(not comparable, astronomy) Of or relating to astronomy.
(comparable) Very large; of vast measure.

astronomical unit astronomical units n
unité astronomique
(astronomy) 149,597,870,700 metres, the approximate mean distance from the Earth to the Sun (the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit), (symbol AU), used to measure distances in the solar system.

astronomy /æsˈtɹɑn.ə.mi/ /əˈstɹɑn.ə.mi/ astronomies n
astronomie
The study of the physical universe beyond the Earth's atmosphere, including the process of mapping locations and properties of the matter and radiation in the universe.

astrophotographer astrophotographers n
astrophotographe

astrophotography n
astrophotographie
(astronomy, photography) The photography or imaging of astronomical objects, celestial events or areas of the night sky.

astrophysical adj
astrophysique
Of or pertaining to astrophysics.

astrophysicist astrophysicists n
astrophysicien astrophysicienne
One who studies astrophysics.

astrophysics /ˌæs.tɹoʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ /ˌæs.tɹəˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
astrophysique
The branch of astronomy or physics that deals with the physical properties of celestial bodies and with the interaction between matter and radiation in celestial bodies and in the space between them.

astute /əsˈtjuːt/ astuter astutest adj
astucieux avisé sagace
Quickly and critically discerning.

astuteness astutenesses n
perspicacité sagacité
The quality of being astute.

asunder /əˈsʌndə/ /əˈsʌndɚ/ more asunder most asunder adv
en morceaux
(archaic, literary) Into separate parts or pieces.

asylum /əˈsaɪləm/ asyla asylums n
asile
A place of safety or refuge.
asile psychiatrique
(dated) A place of protection or restraint for one or more classes of the disadvantaged, especially the mentally ill.

asylum seeker asylum seekers n
demandeur d'asile demandeuse d'asile
A person who has applied for asylum in a foreign country but has not yet been granted refugee status by that country.

asymmetric /ˌeɪ.səˈmɛt.rɪk/ more asymmetric most asymmetric adj
asymétrique
Not symmetric.

asymmetric warfare n
guerre asymétrique

asymmetrical /ˌeɪsɪˈmɛtɹɪk(ə)l/ more asymmetrical most asymmetrical adj
asymétrique
Not symmetrical.

asymmetry /eɪˈsɪmɪtɹi/ asymmetries n
asymétrie
Absence of symmetry or proportion between the parts of a thing, or a distinction that produces such a lack of symmetry.

asymptomatic adj
asymptomatique
(pathology) Not exhibiting any symptoms of disease, as for example in subclinical cases.

asymptote /ˈeɪ̯sɪmtoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmptoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmtoʊ̯t/ /ˈæsɪmtɒt/ asymptotes n
asymptote
(analysis) A straight line which a curve approaches arbitrarily closely as it goes to infinity. The limit of the curve; its tangent "at infinity".

asymptotic /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɑtɪk/ /ˌæsəm(p)ˈtɔtɪk/ /ˌæsɪm(p)ˈtɒtɪk/ adj
asymptotique
(mathematics) Pertaining to values or properties approached at infinity.

asymptotically adv
asymptotiquement
(analysis) In an asymptotical manner, in the way of an asymptote, toward an asymptote.

asynchronically more asynchronically most asynchronically adv
asynchroniquement

asynchronous /eɪˈsɪŋkɹənəs/ adj
asynchrone
Not synchronous; occurring at different times.
(computing, of a request or a message) Allowing the client to continue during processing.

asynchronous transfer mode n
ATM mode de transfert asynchrone
A broadband voice and data technology with quality (class) of service QoS transmission for sending and receiving voice, data, and multimedia information over a fiber-optic network.

asynchrony asynchronies n
asynchronisme
The state of being asynchronous, or out of synchronization

asyndeton asyndeta asyndetons n
asyndète
(grammar, rhetoric) Omission of conjunctions, especially for rhetorical effect.

at /æt/ /ət/ preposition
en à
In, near, or in the general vicinity of a particular place.
à
(indicating time) Indicating occurrence in an instant of time or a period of time relatively short in context or from the speaker's perspective.
Denotes a price.
Occupied in (activity).
Indicates a position on a scale or in a series.
vers
In the direction of (often implied to be in a hostile or careless manner).

at a glance
au doigt mouillé au jugé à première vue à vue de nez
(idiomatic) Upon cursory examination.

at a loss
à perte
(trade) Below the cost or price of purchase.
complètement perdu perdu
(idiomatic) Not sure; uncertain; lacking further ideas, direction, or ability.

at a loss for words
bouche bée
(idiomatic) Having nothing to say; not knowing what to say; stunned to the point of being speechless.

at a profit
à profit

at a push
au plus tard
not later than, at the latest

at a run
au pas de course

at a time
à la fois
In a single, continuous period of time.

at all [ætˈoːɫ] [æˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [æˈɾɔɫ] [əˈtʰoːɫ] [əˈɾoːɫ] [əˈɾɑ̈ɫ] [əˈɾɔɫ] adv
du tout
(idiom) Indicating degree, quantity or frequency greater than zero: to the slightest degree, in any way, at any time or in any circumstance.

at all costs
coûte que coûte à tout prix
As an absolute imperative; sparing no effort or expense

at any given moment adv
à tout moment
(idiom) at any point of time

at arm's length
à bout de bras
At a distance, away from one's body.

at bay
à distance
(set phrase, idiomatic) Unable to come closer; at a distance.
aux abois
(set phrase, idiomatic) Cornered; unable to flee.

at best
au mieux
In the most favorable of conditions; at the most.

at cost
à prix coûtant
(business) At the purchasing price; without any markup.

at daggers drawn /æt ˌdæɡəz ˈdɹɔːn/ /æt ˌdæɡəɹz ˈdɹɔn/
à couteaux tirés
(idiomatic, chiefly, Britain) In a state of open hostility. [from 17th c. but rare before 19th c.]

at dark
pendant la tombée de la nuit
During nightfall.

at death's door
aux portes de la mort à l'agonie à l'article de la mort
(idiomatic) About to die; in a life-threatening state of health.

at each other's throats
à couteaux tirés
(idiomatic) In mutual conflict.

at ease
à l'aise
Free of anxiety; not stressed or tense.
repos
(military, marching) Allowed to refrain from being in rigid formation.

at fault
en tort
Of hunting dogs: unable to find the scent.

at first
au début d'abord
(idiomatic) Initially; at the start.

at first blush
au premier abord de prime abord à première vue
(idiomatic) Upon first impression or consideration; seemingly, apparently, ostensibly.

at first glance
au premier abord à première vue de prime abord à vue de nez
(modal) After only a superficial examination or review.

at hand
sous la main à portée de main
Within easy reach; nearby.
proche
Near; soon.
concerné en question
(figurative) Currently receiving attention.

at home
à la maison chez soi
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ home. In one's place of residence.
à l'aise
(idiomatic) At ease; comfortable.

at large
en cavale en liberté
(idiomatic) On the loose; roaming freely; not confined.
entièrement
(obsolete) In full, fully.
dans son ensemble en général
In general; as a whole.

at last
enfin
(idiomatic) After a long time; eventually.
au bout du compte finalement à la fin
(idiomatic) In the end; finally; ultimately.

at least
au moins au minimum
(focus) At a minimum or lower limit.
en tout cas du moins
In any event; anyway.

at length
longuement
For a long time; extensively.
enfin
(formal, _, or, _, dated) At last, finally, eventually.

at loggerheads /æt ˈlɒɡəhɛdz/ /æt ˈlɔɡɚˌhɛdz/ /ˈlɑ-/
comme chien et chat diamétralement opposés
(figuratively) Unable to agree; opposing.

at most
au maximum au plus au grand maximum grand max grand maximum tout au plus
At the most; at a maximum or upper limit.

at night adv
la nuit de nuit
During the night.

at no time
à aucun moment
Never.

at odds /ət‿ˈɑdz/ /ət‿ˈɒdz/
en conflit
(idiomatic) In disagreement; conflicting.

at once /ət ˈwʌns/ adv
à la fois
(obsolete) In one group; together.
d'un seul coup en même temps
At the same time; simultaneously.
aussitôt tout de suite séance tenante
Immediately; now; right away.

at one's fingertips
sous la main à portée de main
(idiomatic) Readily available.

at one's own risk /ət wʌnz ˈəʊn ɹɪsk/
à ses risques et périls
Taking personal responsibility for any harm that arises from a dangerous activity.

at pains
faire tout son possible
(idiomatic, with infinitive) Making careful effort (to).

at peace
tranquille
(comparable, literally) Free of worries; peaceful.

at places
par endroits par-ci par-là çà et là
(idiomatic) In some, possibly rare places.

at present
à présent
currently, now, at the moment, at this moment in time, at the present time

at random
au hasard aléatoirement de manière aléatoire
Randomly, haphazardly.

at rest
à l'arrêt
(idiomatic) Not moving; stationary.
au repos
In a state of inactivity or repose, either physical or mental.

at risk
en danger
In a state or condition marked by a level of risk or vulnerability.

at school
à l'école
At one's school.

at sea
en mer
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ sea.
largué noyé
(idiomatic) In a state of confusion or bewilderment.

at sign at signs n
arobase arrobe
The symbol @, most commonly used in e-mail addresses.

at sixes and sevens
largué
(idiomatic) In a state of confusion.
ne pas être sur la même longueur d'ondes
(idiomatic, of people or groups) In a state of dispute or disagreement.

at some point
un jour à un moment donné à un moment ou à un autre
Sometime; at an indefinite time.

at stake
en jeu
(idiomatic) At issue, at risk.

at that
aussi avec ça en plus
(idiomatic) In addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover.

at that time
à l'époque
Back then, at the time referred to in the past.

at the best of times /æt‿ðə ˈbɛst‿əv ˈtaɪmz/
au mieux
(idiomatic) Even under the most favourable conditions.

at the bottom of
derrière

at the cost of preposition
au détriment de au prix de au préjudice de aux dépens de

at the drop of a hat
en un claquement de doigts
(informal, idiom) Without any hesitation; instantly.

at the earliest
au plus tôt
not sooner than

at the end of one's tether
au bout du rouleau exaspéré
(UK) At the limit of one’s patience; frustrated or annoyed.

at the end of the day
au bout du compte au final en fin de compte
(idiomatic) In summary; ultimately.

at the expense of
au préjudice de aux dépens de aux frais de
au détriment de
(figurative) In a way as to harm somebody or something; to the detriment of.

at the feet of preposition
aux pieds de idolâtre de obnubilé par subjugué par tout dévoué à
As being the work or responsibility of; attributed to.
aux pieds de dans le droit fil de de l'atelier de de l'école de de la filiation de de la suite de
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ feet,‎ of. Situated near the feet of.

at the hands of preposition
aux mains de
By the actions of (someone).

at the helm
à la barre
(nautical, literally) Steering a vessel.
en charge de à la barre
(idiomatic) In charge of a company or project.

at the last minute
au dernier moment de dernière minute à la dernière minute
(idiomatic) Very close to a deadline or potential crucial event.

at the latest
au plus tard
not later than

at the mercy of
à la merci de
(idiomatic) In the power of; defenceless/defenseless against.

at the moment
en ce moment actuellement pour le moment pour l'instant
At this moment; right now.

at the ready
en joue
(idiomatic) Ready; in a state of preparation or waiting; in position or anticipation.

at the risk of preposition
au risque de
Despite the likelihood of (something bad happening).

at the same time
en même temps simultanément dans le même temps
Simultaneously.
d'un autre côté
On the other hand (introducing an opposing viewpoint).

at the sight of preposition
à la vue de

at the time
à l'époque
Back then, at the time referred to the specific time period, era, or time frame in the past.

at the top of one's lungs
à pleins poumons à tue-tête

at the top of one's voice
du haut de sa tête à pleins poumons à tue-tête

at the very least adv
au bas mot au minimum au moins tout au moins
(idiom) at least; as an absolute minimum; emphatic form of at the least.

at the very most adv
au maximum tout au plus
(idiom) at most; as an absolute maximum

at this rate
à ce rythme à ce rythme-là
If one continues at the current pace or with the current actions.

at times
de temps à autre parfois
(idiomatic) On occasion, sometimes.

at war
en guerre

at work
au travail à pied d’œuvre
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see at,‎ work. At one's workplace.
au travail
Working, in the process of doing work.
à l'œuvre
(figuratively) At play, in action.

at worst
au pire
If the worst possible alternative happens.

at your service
pour vous servir à votre service
(formal) Used as a polite introduction on first meeting another person.

ataman /ˈætəmən/ atamans n
ataman
(historical) A title of Cossack and haidamak leaders of various kinds. The term was also used for the leader of a fisherman artel and of a band of robbers or thieves.

ataractic ataractics n
tranquillisant
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug that is used to tranquilize; a tranquilizer.

ataraxia ataraxias n
ataraxie
(literary, Greek, _, philosophy) Tranquility of mind; absence of mental disturbance.

atavism /ˈætəˌvɪzəm/ [ˈæɾəˌvɪzəm] atavisms n
atavisme
The reappearance of an ancestral characteristic in an organism after several generations of absence; a throwback.

atavistic /æt.əˈvɪs.tɪk/ more atavistic most atavistic adj
atavique
(biology) Of the recurrence of a trait reappearing after an absence of one or more generations due to a chance recombination of genes.

ataxia /eɪˈtæksɪə/ /əˈtæksɪə/ ataxias n
ataxie
(chemistry) The condition of a polymer in which the orientation of the subunits is random

atelier /-ˌljɛ/ /æ.təˈljeɪ/ /əˈtɛl.i.eɪ/ /əˈtɛl.jeɪ/ /əˈtɛlˌjeɪ/ /ˈæ.təˌljeɪ/ /ˌæ.təlˈjeɪ/ [ˌæ.ɾəl-] ateliers n
atelier cabane studio

atelophobia /əˌtɛləˈfəʊbɪə/ n
atélophobie
The fear of imperfection or not being good enough.

atemporal more atemporal most atemporal adj
atemporel
Unaffected by time; timeless; permanent or unchanging.

athame /ɑˈθɑ.meɪ/ /əˈθeɪmeɪ/ /əˈθɑ.meɪ/ /əˈθɑːmeɪ/ /ˈæ.θəˌmeɪ/ athames n
athamé
A ceremonial pointed knife or dagger, used especially in Wicca and other neopagan traditions and typically having a black handle with magical symbols on it. [from 20th c.]

athanor /ˈæθənɔɹ/ /ˈæθənɔː/ athanors n
athanor
(historical) A furnace or stove designed and used to maintain uniform heat, primarily used by alchemists. [from late 15th c.]

atheism /ˈeɪθiɪzəm/ atheisms n
athéisme
(broadly) A lack of belief in deities, or a belief that there is insufficient evidence to believe in a god.
(narrowly) Belief that no deities exist (sometimes including rejection of other religious beliefs).

atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/ atheists n
athée athéiste
(broadly) A person who doubts the existence of deities (therefore, an agnostic may be considered an atheist).
(narrowly) A person who is certain that no deities exist or who thinks that the existence of deities can be disproven.

atheistic more atheistic most atheistic adj
athée
of or relating to atheists or atheism

atheophobia /ˌeɪθioʊˈfoʊbiə/ n
athéophobie
Fear or hatred of atheism or atheists.

athermanous adj
athermane

athermochroic adj
athermochroïque

atheroma atheromas atheromata n
athérome
(pathology) An abnormal fatty deposit which develops within the walls of arteries.

atherosclerosis /ˌæθɚoʊskləˈɹoʊsəs/ atheroscleroses n
athérosclérose
(pathology) The clogging or hardening of arteries or blood vessels caused by plaques (accumulations of fatty deposits, usually cholesterol).

atherosclerotic more atherosclerotic most atherosclerotic adj
athérosclérosique
Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with atherosclerosis

athlete /ˈæθ.lit/ /ˈæθ.liːt/ /ˈæθ.ə.liːt/ athletes n
athlète
A participant in a group of sporting activities which includes track and field, road running, cross country running and racewalking.
An exceptionally physically fit person.
athlète sportif sportive
(US, Canada) A person who actively participates in physical sports, especially with great skill; a sportsperson.

athlete's foot n
pied d’athlète intertrigo inter-orteils mycose des pieds
(disease) A fungal infection of the skin of the foot, usually between the toes, caused by pathogen fungi, such as Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton interdigitale, syn. Trichophyton mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum

athletic /æθˈlɛt.ɪk/ more athletic most athletic adj
athlétique sportif
(not comparable) Having to do with athletes.
athlétique
Having a muscular, well developed body, being in shape.

athletically more athletically most athletically adv
athlétiquement
In an athletic manner.

athletics /æθˈlɛtɪks/ n
athlétisme
(sports, especially US) Physical activities such as sports and games requiring stamina, fitness and skill.

athoracic adj
athoracique

athrepsia n
athrepsie

athreptic adj
athrepsique

athwart /əˈθwɔɹt/ /əˈθwɔːt/ more athwart most athwart adv
à travers [[d']]un coté à [[l']]autre
From side to side, often in an oblique manner; across or over.

atimy /ˈætɪmi/ n
atimie
(historical, Ancient Greece) public disgrace or stigma; outlawry; loss of civil rights

atlas /ˈætləs/ /ˈætlɪs/ atlantes atlases n
atlas
A bound collection of maps often including tables, illustrations or other text.
(anatomy) The uppermost vertebra of the cervical spine in the neck in humans and some other animals.
(architecture) A figure of a man used as a column.

atloidean adj
atloïdien

atmosphere /ˈæt.məsˌfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈætməsˌfɪɹ/ atmospheres n
atmosphère ambiance
The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body.
atmosphère
The air in a particular place.
A unit of measurement for pressure equal to 101325 Pa (symbol: atm), approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
ambience
(figuratively) The conditions (such as music, illumination etc.) that can influence the mood felt in an environment.

atmospheric /ˌætməsˈfɛɹɪk/ more atmospheric most atmospheric adj
atmosphérique
Of, relating to, produced by, or coming from the atmosphere.

atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressures n
pression atmosphérique
(physics, meteorology) The pressure caused by the weight of the atmosphere above an area.

atoll /əˈtɑl/ /əˈtɒl/ /ˈeɪtɑl/ /ˈeɪtɔl/ /ˈætoʊl/ /ˈætɑl/ /ˈætɒl/ /ˈætɔl/ atolls n
atoll
a type of island consisting of a ribbon reef that nearly or entirely surrounds a lagoon and supports, in most cases, one to many islets on the reef platform. Atolls have a unique geology, so not all islands with a reef and a lagoon are atolls.

atom /ˈætəm/ [ˈæɾm̩] [ˈæɾəm] atoms n
atome
(chemistry, physics) The smallest possible amount of matter which still retains its identity as a chemical element, now known to consist of a nucleus surrounded by electrons. [from 16th c.]
(history of science) A hypothetical particle posited by Greek philosophers as an ultimate and indivisible component of matter. [from 15th c.]
(mathematics) A non-zero member of a partially ordered set that has only zero below it (assuming that the poset has a least element, its "zero"). [from 20th c.]

atomic /əˈtɑː.mɪk/ /əˈtɒm.ɪk/ /əˈtɔm.ɪk/ adj
atomique
(physics, chemistry) Of or relating to atoms; composed of atoms; monatomic.
atomique nucléaire
Employing or relating to nuclear energy or processes.
infinitésimal microscopique
Infinitesimally small.
atomique indivisible
Unable to be split or made any smaller.
(computing, of an operation) Guaranteed to complete either fully or not at all while waiting in a pause, and running synchronously when called by multiple asynchronous threads.

atomic absorption spectroscopy n
spectroscopie par absorption atomique

atomic bomb atomic bombs n
bombe atomique
(countable, military) A nuclear weapon that obtains its destructive energy from nuclear fission.

atomic clock atomic clocks n
horloge atomique
An extremely accurate reference clock whose operation is based on an atomic process, typically the frequency of electromagnetic radiation associated with a specified energy-level transition in an element such as cesium.

atomic emission spectroscopy n
spectroscopie par émission atomique

atomic mass atomic masses n
masse atomique
(proscribed) atomic weight; the average mass of atoms of an element.

atomic nucleus atomic nuclei n
noyau atomique
(physics) A nucleus of an atom; consisting of protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.

atomic number atomic numbers n
numéro atomique nombre atomique
(physics, chemistry) The number of protons in an atom. Symbol: Z

atomic weight atomic weights n
poids atomique
(physics) Former term for the more specific relative atomic mass.
masse atomique masse atomique relative poids atomique
(physics) A term used to represent the mean relative atomic mass of an element in nature, as distinct from the relative atomic mass of a single isotope.

atomicity /ˌætəˈmɪsɪti/ [-ɾi] [-ɾə-] atomicities n
atomicité
(historical) Synonym of valence (“the combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc.”)

atomize /ˈætəmaɪz/ v
atomiser
(transitive) To separate or reduce into atoms.
décomposer
(transitive) To fragment; to break into small pieces or concepts.
atomiser bombarder
(transitive) To bomb with nuclear weapons.

atomizer atomizers n
atomiseur
An instrument for reducing a liquid to spray or vapor for disinfecting, cooling, medical use or perfume spraying.

atonal /eɪˈtoʊnəl/ /eɪˈtəʊnəl/ more atonal most atonal adj
atonal
(music) Lacking a tonal center or key.

atonality atonalities n
atonalité
(uncountable, music) A style of music that is written without a key.

atone /əˈtoʊn/ /əˈtəʊn/ [əˈtʰoʊ̯n] v
expier
(ambitransitive) To make reparation, compensation, amends or satisfaction for an offence, crime, mistake or deficiency. [from 1680s]
(proscribed) To absolve (someone else) of wrongdoing, especially by standing as an equivalent.

atonement /əˈtoʊnmənt/ atonements n
propitiation
Making amends to restore a damaged relationship; expiation.
expiation réconciliation réparation
(theology, often with capitalized initial) The reconciliation of God and mankind through the death of Jesus.

atop /əˈtɒp/ adv
en haut de
(literary, _, or, _, archaic) On, to, or at the top.

atop /əˈtɒp/ preposition
au-dessus de en haut de
On the top of.
On the top, with "of".

atopic /eɪˈtɒpɪk/ more atopic most atopic adj
atopique
(medicine) Pertaining to or suffering from atopy.

atopic dermatitis atopic dermatitides n
dermatite atopique
(pathology) An atopic, hereditary, and non-contagious skin disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the skin.

atresia atresias n
atrésie

atrial /ˈeɪtɹi.əl/ adj
atrial
Of or pertaining to an atrium, especially the atrium of the heart.

atrial fibrillation atrial fibrillations n
fibrillation atriale fibrillation auriculaire
(pathology) A cardiac arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm) that involves the two upper chambers (atria) of the heart.

atrium /ˈeɪ.tɹi.əm/ atria atriums n
atrium
(architecture) A central room or space in ancient Roman homes, open to the sky in the middle; a similar space in other buildings.
(architecture) A square hall lit by daylight from above, into which rooms open at one or more levels.
(biology) Any enclosed body cavity or chamber.
oreillette atrium
(palynology) A cavity inside a porate aperture of a pollen grain formed by the separation of the sexine and nexine layers, widening toward the interior of the grain.

atrocious /əˈtɹoʊʃəs/ /əˈtɹəʊʃəs/ more atrocious most atrocious adj
atroce
Frightful, evil, cruel, or monstrous.
Offensive or heinous.
Very bad; abominable, disgusting.

atrocity /əˈtɹɒsɪti/ atrocities n
atrocité
(countable) An extremely cruel act; a horrid act of injustice.

atrophic adj
atrophique
(medicine) Of, pertaining to, or arising from atrophy

atrophied more atrophied most atrophied adj
atrophié
Characterized by atrophy.

atrophy /ˈæt.ɹə.fi/ atrophies n
atrophie
(pathology) A reduction in the functionality of an organ caused by disease, injury or lack of use. [from early 17th c.]

atrophy /ˈæt.ɹə.fi/ v
atrophier
(intransitive) To wither or waste away. [from early 18th c.]
(transitive) To cause to waste away or become abortive; to starve or weaken.

atropine /ˈa.tɹə.piːn/ /ˈa.tɹəp.ɪn/ /ˈæ.tɹəˌpin/ atropines n
atropine
(poison, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid extracted from the plant deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) and other sources, such as the seeds of the thorn-apple. Though overdoses would be fatal it is used as a drug in medicine for its paralytic effects (e.g. in surgery to relax muscles, in dentistry to dry the mouth, in ophthalmology to dilate the pupils).

attaboy /ˈætəˌbɔɪ/ interjection
bon gars
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to show encouragement or approval to a boy, man, or male animal.

attach /əˈtæt͡ʃ/ v
attacher joindre
(transitive) To fasten, to join to (literally and figuratively).

attachable more attachable most attachable adj
attachable
Able to be attached.

attachment /əˈtæt͡ʃmənt/ attachments n
attachement
A strong bonding with or fondness for someone or something.
attachement dépendance
A dependence, especially a strong one.
pièce jointe
(computing) A file sent along with a message, usually an email.
saisie
(legal) Taking a person's property to satisfy a court-ordered debt.

attaché /əˈtæʃeɪ/ /ˌætæˈʃeɪ/ attachés n
attaché
A diplomatic officer, usually one who plays a specific role.

attack /əˈtæk/ attacks n
attaque assaut
An attempt to cause damage, injury to, or death of opponent or enemy.
attaque
A time in which one attacks; the offence of a battle.
(medicine) The sudden onset of a disease or condition.

attack /əˈtæk/ v
attaquer
(transitive) To apply violent force to someone or something.
(soccer) To move forward in an active attempt to score a point, as opposed to trying not to concede.
attaquer apostropher invectiver
(transitive) To begin to affect; to act upon injuriously or destructively; to begin to decompose or waste.

attack helicopter attack helicopters n
hélicoptère d'attaque hélicoptère de combat
(military) An armed helicopter with the offensive capability of engaging ground targets such as enemy infantry, military vehicles, and fortifications. [from 1950s]

attack is the best form of defence proverb
l'attaque est la meilleure défense la meilleure défense, c'est l'attaque
In a battle or dispute, attacking the opposition first is better than waiting for them to attack.

attacker /əˈtækɚ/ attackers n
attaquant
Someone who attacks.

attain /əˈteɪn/ v
atteindre
(transitive) To reach or come to, by progression or motion; to arrive at (a place, time, state, etc.).

attainable /əˈteɪnəb(ə)l/ more attainable most attainable adj
atteignable réalisable
Able to be accomplished, achieved, or obtained.

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ attempts n
tentative
The action of trying at something. [1530]
attentat
An assault or attack, especially an assassination attempt. [1580]

attempt /əˈtɛmpt/ v
tenter essayer
(archaic) To attack; to make an effort or attack upon; to try to take by force.

attend /əˈtɛnd/ [əˈtʰɛnd] v
aller fréquenter
(archaic, transitive) To listen to (something or someone); to pay attention to; regard; heed. [from 15th c.]
assister présent
To be present with; to accompany; to be united or consequent to.

attendance /əˈtɛn.dəns/ attendances n
présence
The act of attending; the state of being present; presence.

attendant /əˈtɛndənt/ attendants n
vendeur vendeuse
A servant or valet.

attention /əˈtɛn.ʃən/ interjection
garde à vous attention
(military) Used as a command to bring soldiers to the attention position.

attention /əˈtɛn.ʃən/ attentions n
attention
(uncountable) Mental focus.
attention attentions
(countable) An action or remark expressing concern for or interest in someone or something, especially romantic interest.
attention garde à vous
(uncountable, military) A state of alertness in the standing position.

attention deficit disorder attention deficit disorders n
trouble de l'attention

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder n
TDAH trouble du déficit de l’attention avec ou sans hyperactivité
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has a persistent pattern of impulsiveness and inattention, with or without a component of hyperactivity.

attention span /əˈtɛn.ʃən spæn/ attention spans n
capacité de concentration
The length of time, or span that one can pay attention, or concentrate on one topic without becoming distracted.

attention whore /əˈtɛn.ʃən ho(ː)ɹ/ attention whores n
m’as-tu-vu
(derogatory, vulgar, idiomatic) An individual that routinely solicits attention through inappropriate tactics and provocation.

attention-grabbing more attention-grabbing most attention-grabbing adj
accrocheur tapageur tape-à-l'œil
Attracting notice and attention, or prone to doing so.

attentive /əˈtɛntɪv/ more attentive most attentive adj
attentif
Paying attention; noticing, watching, listening, or attending closely.

attentively more attentively most attentively adv
attentivement
In an attentive manner.

attenuate /əˈten.jʉˌæɪt/ /əˈtɛn.juˌeɪt/ v
atténuer
(transitive) To reduce in size, force, value, amount, or degree.
(intransitive) To become thin or fine; to grow less.

attenuation attenuations n
atténuation
A gradual diminishing of strength.
(physics) A reduction in the level of some property with distance, especially the amplitude of a wave or the strength of a signal.

attest /əˈtɛst/ v
attester

attestation /ˌætɛˈsteɪʃən/ attestations n
attestation
A thing that serves to bear witness, confirm, or authenticate; validation, verification, documentation.
(linguistics, of a language, word, word form, or word meaning) An appearance in print or otherwise recorded on a permanent medium.

attested /əˈtɛstɪd/ more attested most attested adj
attesté
(linguistics) Of words or languages, proven to have existed by records.

attic /ˈætɪk/ [ˈæɾɪk] attics n
grenier mansarde combles
The space, often unfinished and with sloped walls, directly below the roof in the uppermost part of a house or other building, generally used for storage or habitation.

attitude /ˈætɪˌtjuːd/ /ˈætɪˌtud/ /ˈɛːtɪtˌjuːd/ [ˈæɾɪˌtud] attitudes n
posture attitude
The position of the body or way of carrying oneself.
attitude état d'esprit
(figurative) Disposition or state of mind.

atto- prefix
atto-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−18 (short scale quintillionth or long scale trillionth). Symbol: a

attoampere attoamperes n
attoampère
(metrology) An SI unit of electric current equal to 10−18 amperes. Symbol: aA

attogram attograms n
attogramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−18 grams. Symbol: ag

attometre attometres n
attomètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−18 metres. Symbol: am

attorney /əˈtɜː(ɹ)ni/ attorneys attornies n
avocat avocate juriste
(US) A lawyer; one who advises or represents others in legal matters as a profession.
mandataire
(obsolete, outside, set phrases) An agent or representative authorized to act on someone else's behalf.

attorney general attorney generals attorneys general n
procureur général
A major government officer throughout the English-speaking world, generally responsible for interpreting the law for the head of government and executive department and functioning as chief prosecutor, with the ability to bring civil and criminal actions directly.

attorney-in-fact attorneys-in-fact n
fondé de pouvoir
(US, legal) An agent of the person giving him/her the power of attorney (for a specific purpose or for general purposes) to act on his or her behalf. The attorney-in-fact’s power and responsibilities depend on the specific powers granted in the power of attorney document.

attract /əˈtɹækt/ v
attirer
(transitive) To pull toward without touching.

attract attention v
attirer l'attention se faire remarquer
(This entry is a translation hub.)

attraction /əˈtɹækʃən/ [əˈtɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] [əˈt͡ʃɹækʃ(ɪ̈)n] attractions n
attraction
The tendency to attract.
attirance attraction
The feeling of being attracted.

attractive /əˈtɹæktɪv/ more attractive most attractive adj
attractif attachant
Causing attraction; having the quality of attracting by inherent force.
attractif attrayant sympathique
Having the power of charming or alluring by agreeable qualities; enticing.

attractiveness attractivenesses n
attractivité attrait
(uncountable) The state of being attractive or engaging.

attractor attractors n
attracteur
(mathematics, physics) A set of points or states to which a dynamical system evolves after a long enough time. That is, points that get close enough to the attractor remain close even if slightly disturbed.

attributable /əˈtɹɪbjuːtəbəl/ adj
attribuable
Capable of being attributed.

attribute /əˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /əˈtɹɪb.juːt/ /əˈtɹɪbˌjut/ /ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/ /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ attributes n
attribut
A characteristic or quality of a thing.
épithète déterminant attribut
(grammar) A word that qualifies a noun.
attribut propriété
(computing, object-oriented programming) An option or setting belonging to some object.

attribute /əˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /əˈtɹɪb.juːt/ /əˈtɹɪbˌjut/ /ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/ /ˈæt.ɹɪˌbjut/ v
attribuer
To associate ownership or authorship of (something) to someone.

attributive /ə.ˈtɹɪ.bju.tɪv/ more attributive most attributive adj
épithète attributif attributive
Attributing; characterized by attributing; effecting attribution.

attributive /ə.ˈtɹɪ.bju.tɪv/ attributives n
épithète
(grammar) An attributive word or phrase (see above), contrasted with predicative or substantive.

attributive adjective attributive adjectives n
adjectif épithète épithète
(grammar) An adjective that modifies the head of a noun phrase in which it occurs.

attributive noun attributive nouns n
nom épithète
(grammar, when referring to a language other than English) A noun denoting bearer of a quality or an attribute of a subject, in reference to the lexical morpheme from which it is derived.

attrition /əˈtɹɪʃən/ attritions n
usure
Grinding down or wearing away by friction.
départs volontaires
(human resources) A gradual, natural reduction in membership or personnel, as through injury, incapacitation, retirement, resignation, or death.

attrition bias attrition biases attrition biasses n
biais d'attrition
A type of selection bias in statistical analysis, caused by loss of participants (attrition) in the course of a study; the subjects that do not run into completion of the study may differ systematically of those who do.

attune /əˈt(j)un/ /əˈtjuːn/ /əˈt͜ʃuːn/ v
accorder
(music, transitive) To bring into musical accord.
(music, transitive) To tune (an instrument).
(transitive, figurative) To bring into harmony or accord.

atychiphobia n
atychiphobie
(rare) The fear of failure.

atypical /eɪ.ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl/ more atypical most atypical adj
atypique
Not conforming to the normal type.
Unusual or irregular.

au contraire /oʊ ˌkoʊnˈtɹɛ(ə)ɹ/ /əʊ ˈkɒntɹɛː(ɹ)/ adv
au contraire
(usually, humorous, emphatic) on the contrary

au pair /əʊ ˈpɛə/ au pairs n
fille au pair garçon au pair jeune au pair
A single girl (or, rarely, a boy), usually a foreigner, who helps a host family with childcare, housework, or both while staying as a guest with a host family, and generally receives a small allowance (or pocket money).

au revoir /o.ʁə.ˈvwaʁ/ /ɔʁ.ˈvwaʁ/ /ɔːɹ.ˈvwɑː/ /ˌoʊ.ɹə.ˈvwɑɹ/ /ˌɑ.ɹə.ˈvwɑɹ/ /ˌəʊ.ɹə.ˈvwɑː/ interjection
au revoir

aubade /-ˈbæd/ /oʊˈbɑd/ /əʊˈbɑːd/ aubades n
aubade
(music, poetry) A poem or song evoking or greeting the dawn or early morning.
(music, specifically) A morning love song, or a song of lovers parting in the morning.

auburn /ˈɑ.bɚn/ /ˈɔ.bɚn/ more auburn most auburn adj
auburn roux
Of a reddish-brown colour.

auburn /ˈɑ.bɚn/ /ˈɔ.bɚn/ auburns n
auburn roux
A dark reddish-brown colour, often used to describe hair colour.

auction /ˈoːkʃən/ /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ auctions n
vente aux enchères enchères enchère
A public event where goods or property are sold to the highest bidder.

auction /ˈoːkʃən/ /ˈɑkʃən/ /ˈɔkʃən/ /ˈɔːkʃən/ v
vente aux enchères
To sell at an auction.

auction house auction houses n
société de vente aux enchères
A company that runs auctions.

auctioneer auctioneers n
commissaire-priseur
A person who conducts an auction on behalf of a vendor, taking bids to find the best price for the vendor.

auctioneer v
enchérir
(transitive) To sell at an auction; to auction.

auctorial more auctorial most auctorial adj
auctorial autorial

audacious /ɔˈdeɪʃəs/ /ɔːˈdeɪʃəs/ more audacious most audacious adj
audacieux
Showing willingness to take bold risks; recklessly daring.

audacity /ɔˈdæsɪti/ /ɔːˈdæsɪti/ audacities n
audace culot toupet impudence
Insolent boldness, especially when imprudent or unconventional.
audace culot
Fearlessness, intrepidity or daring, especially with confident disregard for personal safety, conventional thought, or other restrictions.

audiation /ɔːdɪˈeɪʃən/ /ˌɔdiˈeɪʃən/ audiations n
audiation
(music) The comprehension and internal realization of music by an individual in the absence of any physical sound. [from 1970s]

audible /ˈɔːdɪbəl/ more audible most audible adj
audible
Able to be heard.

audience /ˈɑdiəns/ /ˈɔdiəns/ /ˈɔːdiəns/ /ˈɔːdɪəns/ audiences n
public auditoire assistance
A group of people within hearing; specifically, a large gathering of people listening to or watching a performance, speech, etc. [from 15th c.]
audience
A formal meeting with a state or religious dignitary. [from 16th c.]
lectorat
The readership of a book or other written publication. [from 19th c.]

audience hall audience halls n
salle d'audience
A room in which a ruler or religious official holds audience (i.e. a formal meeting with a dignitary).

audio /ˈɑ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɔː.di.əʊ/ more audio most audio adj
audio
Focused on audible sound, as opposed to sight.

audio cassette audio cassettes n
cassette audio
A cassette designed to hold recorded sound or music.

audio description audio descriptions n
audiodescription vidéodescription

audio frequency audio frequencies n
audiofréquence
A frequency or range of frequencies of sound waves that are audible.

audio guide audio guides n
audioguide
Any of various forms of apparatus, either fixed or mobile, used to provide audio information at an exhibition, archeological site etc.

audio- prefix
audio-
sound

audiobook audiobooks n
livre audio livre sonore
A recording, usually made available for sale, of a reading of the full text or of an abridgement of a book.

audiologist audiologists n
audiologiste
A healthcare professional who diagnoses, treats and/or manages hearing and balance disorders.

audiology /ɔːdiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ audiologies n
audiologie
An allied health profession pertaining to the assessment and rehabilitation of hearing and balance disorders.

audiometer audiometers n
audiomètre
An instrument which is used to determine the acuity of hearing.

audiovisual /-ʒʊ.əl/ /ˌɑ.di.oʊˈvɪ.ʒu.əl/ /ˌɔ.di.oʊˈvɪ.ʒu.əl/ /ˌɔː.di.əʊˈvɪ.zjʊ.əl/ adj
audiovisuel
Containing both aural and visual elements.

audit /ˈɑ.dɪt/ /ˈɔ.dɪt/ /ˈɔː.dɪt/ audits n
inspection
An examination in general.
audit
An independent review and examination of records and activities to assess the adequacy of system controls, to ensure compliance with established policies and operational procedures, and to recommend necessary changes in controls, policies, or procedures

auditability n
auditabilité
Ability to be audited.

audition /ɑˈdɪʃən/ /ɔˈdɪʃən/ /ɔːˈdɪʃən/ auditions n
audition
(countable) A performance, by an aspiring performer, to demonstrate suitability or talent.
An act of hearing; being heard.

audition /ɑˈdɪʃən/ /ɔˈdɪʃən/ /ɔːˈdɪʃən/ v
auditionner
(transitive) To evaluate one or more performers in through an audition.

auditor /ˈɔːdɪtɚ/ auditors auditress n
auditeur auditrice
One who audits bookkeeping accounts.

auditorium /ɔː.dɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əm/ /ˌɔ.dəˈtɔɹ.i.əm/ auditoria auditoriums n
amphi
a large room for public meetings or performances
auditorium auditoire salle
(in a theater, etc.) the space where the audience is located

auditory /ˈɑː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈɔː.dɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈɔː.dɪ.tɹi/ /ˈɔː.dɪˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
auditif auditoire

augend /ˈɔd͡ʒɛnd/ augends n
cumulande
(arithmetic) A quantity to which another is added.

auger /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə(ɹ)/ augers n
tarière tarière à trépan
A carpenter's tool for boring holes longer than those bored by a gimlet.

augite augites n
augite
(mineral) A variety of pyroxene, usually of a black or dark green color, occurring in igneous rocks, such as basalt.

augment /ɑɡˈmɛnt/ /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈɑɡmənt/ /ˈɔːɡmənt/ augments n
augment
(Indo-European languages) In some languages, a prefix *é- (अ- in Sanskrit, ἐ- in Greek) indicating a past tense of a verb.

augment /ɑɡˈmɛnt/ /ɔːɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈɑɡmənt/ /ˈɔːɡmənt/ v
augmenter
(transitive) To increase; to make larger or supplement.
accroître agrandir
(intransitive, reflexive) To grow; to increase; to become greater.
élargir le mouvement
(music) To slow the tempo or meter, e.g. for a dramatic or stately passage.
augmenter [[l']]intervalle
(music) To increase an interval, especially the largest interval in a triad, by a half step (chromatic semitone).

augmentation augmentations n
augmentie
(heraldry) A particular mark of honour, granted by the sovereign in consideration of some noble action, or by favour; and either quartered with the family arms, or on an escutcheon or canton.

augmentative adj
augmentatif
that which augments; augmentary

augmentative augmentatives n
augmentatif
(grammar) A form of word that expresses large size, intensity, or seniority

augmented fourth augmented fourths n
quarte augmentée

augmented reality augmented realities n
réalité augmentée
(computing) The merging of a view of the real-world environment upon a digital image in real time.

augur /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə/ augurs n
augure
A diviner who foretells events by the behaviour of birds or other animals, or by signs derived from celestial phenomena, or unusual occurrences.

augur /ˈɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔ.ɡɚ/ /ˈɔː.ɡə/ v
augurer
To foretell events; to exhibit signs of future events; to indicate a favorable or an unfavorable outcome.

augury /ˈɔː.ɡjʊ.ɹi/ auguries n
augure
A divination based on the appearance and behaviour of animals.
(by extension) An omen or prediction; a foreboding; a prophecy.

august /ɑˈɡʌst/ /ɔˈɡʌst/ /ɔːˈɡʌst/ /ə-/ auguster augustest more august most august adj
auguste
Awe-inspiring, majestic, noble, venerable.
Of noble birth.

auk /ɔːk/ auks n
pingouin
Any of several species of Arctic sea birds of the family Alcidae.

auld lang syne /-ˈzaɪn/ /ˌoʊl(d)-/ /ˌɑl(d)-/ /ˌɔl(d) læŋ ˈsaɪn/ /ˌɔld ˌlæŋ ˈsaɪn/ /ˌɔːld læŋ ˈsaɪn/ n
ancien temps temps jadis
(idiomatic) Days gone by; former times.

auletris /ɔːˈliːtɹɪs/ auletrides n
aulétride
(historical) A courtesan or prostitute in Ancient Greece who played the flute to provide entertainment.

aulos auloi n
aulos

aunt /ant/ /eɪnt/ /ænt/ /ɑːnt/ /ɔnt/ /ʌnt/ [ant] [aːnt] [eənt] [änt] [äːnt] [ænt] [ɐːnt] [ɑːnt] [ɒːnt] [ɛənt] aunts n
tante tatie
The sister or sister-in-law of one’s parent.
(affectionate) A woman of an older generation than oneself, especially a friend of one's parents, by means of fictive kin.

aunt-in-law aunts-in-law n
tante par alliance
(nonstandard) The wife of one's uncle or aunt (parent's sibling).
belle-tante
The aunt of one's husband.
belle-tante tante par alliance
The aunt of one's wife.

auntie /ˈæn.ti/ /ˈɐn.ti/ /ˈɑːn.ti/ aunties n
tata tatie tantine
(Asia, Africa) Term of familiarity or respect for a middle-aged or elderly woman.

aura /ˈɔɹ.ə/ /ˈɔː.ɹə/ aurae auras auræ n
aura
Distinctive atmosphere or quality associated with something.
(parapsychology) An invisible force surrounding a living creature.

aural /aʊɹəl/ /ˈɑ(ː)ɹəl/ /ˈɑɹəl/ /ˈɔɹəl/ /ˈɔːɹəl/ more aural most aural adj
auriculaire
Of or pertaining to the ear.
auditif aural
Of or pertaining to sound.

aureola /ɑˈɹiː.ə.lə/ /ɔˈɹiː.ə.lə/ /ɔːˈɹiː.ə.lə/ aureolae aureolas n
auréole
Radiance of luminous cloud that surrounds the figure in a painting of a sacred personage.

aureole /ˈɔɹ.i.oʊl/ /ˈɔː.ɹiː.əʊl/ aureoles n
auréole
A circle of light or halo around the head of a deity or a saint.

auricular /ɔˈɹɪk.jəl.ɚ/ /ɔːˈɹɪk.jʊl.ə/ auriculars n
auriculaire
The little finger, the outermost and smallest finger of the hand.

auricular fibrillation auricular fibrillations n
fibrillation auriculaire
(medicine) Synonym of atrial fibrillation

auriculiform adj
auriculiforme

auride aurides n
aurure
(inorganic chemistry) Any anion of gold; any salt containing such an anion.

auriferous /ɔːˈɹɪfəɹəs/ more auriferous most auriferous adj
aurifère
Containing or producing gold; gold-bearing.

aurific adj
aurifique

auriform more auriform most auriform adj
auriforme

aurochs /ˈaʊɹɒks/ /ˈɔːɹɒks/ aurochs aurochsen aurochses n
aurochs
An extinct European mammal, Bos primigenius, the ancestor of domestic cattle.

aurone aurones n
aurone

aurora /ɔˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /ɔːˈɹɔː.ɹə/ /əˈɹɔɹ.ə/ /əˈɹɔː.ɹə/ aurorae auroras n
aurore polaire
An atmospheric phenomenon created by charged particles from the sun striking the upper atmosphere, creating coloured lights in the sky. It is usually named australis or borealis based on whether it is in the Southern or Northern Hemisphere respectively.

auscultate v
ausculter
To listen (for example to the heart or lungs) by auscultation; to examine by auscultation.

auscultation /ˌɔskəlˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɔːskəlˈteɪʃən/ auscultations n
auscultation
(medicine) Diagnosis of disorders by listening to the sounds of the internal organs, usually using a stethoscope.

auscultatory adj
auscultateur

auspice /ˈɑspɪs/ /ˈɔspɪs/ /ˈɔːspɪs/ auspices n
auspices
(chiefly, in the plural) Patronage or protection.
auspice
An omen or a sign.

auspicious /ɑːˈspɪʃ.əs/ /ɔːˈspɪ.ʃəs/ more auspicious most auspicious adj
de bon augure faste propice
Of good omen; indicating future success.

auspiciously more auspiciously most auspiciously adv
sous les meilleurs auspices
In an auspicious way.

austenite /ˈɑstɪnaɪt/ /ˈɒstɪnaɪt/ /ˈɔstɪnaɪt/ austenites n
austénite

austenitic more austenitic most austenitic adj
austénitique
Relating to, or containing austenite

austere /ɑˈstiɹ/ /ɒˈstɪə(ɹ)/ /ɔˈstiɹ/ /ɔːˈstɪə(ɹ)/ austerer austerest more austere most austere adj
austère
Lacking decoration; trivial; not extravagant or gaudy.

austerity /ɔˈstɛɹɪti/ austerities n
austérité
Severity of manners or life; extreme rigor or strictness; harsh discipline.
(economics) A policy of deficit-cutting, which by definition requires lower spending, higher taxes, or both.
(obsolete) Sourness and harshness to the taste.

austral /ˈɒstɹəl/ /ˈɔːstɹəl/ more austral most austral adj
austral
Of, relating to, or coming from the south.

austral /ˈɒstɹəl/ /ˈɔːstɹəl/ australs n
austral
A former currency of Argentina.

australopith /ˈɒstɹələˌpɪθ/ australopiths n
australopithèque
(anthropology, paleontology) Any of the hominids of the extinct genus Australopithecus.

autarchy /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarchies n
autarchie
A condition of absolute power.

autarky /-tɑː-/ /ˈɔˌtɑɹki/ /ˈɔːtəki/ autarkies n
autarcie
(uncountable) (A policy of) national economic self-sufficiency, aimed at ending reliance on foreign imports to sustain a domestic economy.

autecology autecologies n
autécologie
one of two broad subdivisions of ecology, which studies the individual organism or species.

auteur /oʊˈtɝ/ /ɔːˈtɜː/ /əʊˈtɜː/ auteurs n
auteur
A creative artist, especially a film director, seen as having a specific, recognisable artistic vision, and who is seen as the single or preeminent ‘author’ of their works.

authentic /ɑ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɒ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ /ɔ.ˈθɛn.tɪk/ more authentic most authentic adj
authentique
Of the same origin as claimed; genuine.
Conforming to reality and therefore worthy of trust, reliance, or belief.

authentically more authentically most authentically adv
authentiquement
In an authentic manner; genuinely

authenticate /ɑ.ˈθɛn.tɪ.keɪt/ /ɔ.ˈθɛn.tɪ.keɪt/ v
authentifier
(transitive) To render authentic; to give authority to, by the proof, attestation, or formalities required by law, or sufficient to entitle to credit.

authentication authentications n
certification
something which validates or confirms the authenticity of something
authentification
(computing) proof of the identity of a user logging on to some network

authenticity /ɑθənˈtɪsɪti/ /ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪti/ [ɑθənˈtɪsɪɾi] [ɑθɛnˈtɪsɪɾi] authenticities n
authenticité
The quality of being genuine or not corrupted from the original, of having the same origin (or attribution, commitment, intention, etc.) as claimed.

authigenic adj
authigène
(geology) Generated where it is found or observed.

author /ˈɑ.θɚ/ /ˈɒː.təɹ/ /ˈɔ.θɚ/ /ˈɔː.θə/ authors n
auteur autrice auteure
The originator or creator of a work, especially of a literary composition.

author /ˈɑ.θɚ/ /ˈɒː.təɹ/ /ˈɔ.θɚ/ /ˈɔː.θə/ v
créer écrire
(chiefly, US, sometimes, proscribed) To create a work as its author.

authoress /ˈɔ.θɚ.ɹɛs/ /ˈɔː.θə.ɹɛs/ authoresses n
autrice écrivaine
(dated) A female author.

authorial more authorial most authorial adj
autorial

authorial intent authorial intents n
intention de [[l']]auteur
The intent of an author as encoded in their work.

authoritarian /ɔˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ /ɔːˌθɒɹ.ɪˈtɛə̯.ɹɪən/ /əˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ more authoritarian most authoritarian adj
autoritaire
Of, or relating to, or exhibiting strict obedience to an authority; favoring authoritarianism over civic and individual liberties.
Demanding obedience to authority; marked by authoritarianism; dictatorial, tyrannical.
Tending to impose one's demands upon others as if one were an authority.

authoritarian /ɔˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ /ɔːˌθɒɹ.ɪˈtɛə̯.ɹɪən/ /əˌθɔɹ.əˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ authoritarians n
autoritaire

authoritarianism authoritarianisms n
autoritarisme
A form of government in which the governing body has absolute, or almost absolute, control. Typically this control is maintained by force, and little heed is paid to public opinion or the judicial system.

authoritative /ɔ-/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtətɪv/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪtɪv/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪtətɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪtɪv/ /əˈθɑɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪtətɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪtɪv/ /əˈθɔɹɪˌteɪtɪv/ more authoritative most authoritative adj
autorisé autorisée autoritaire officiel officielle
Arising or originating from a figure of authority
autorisé autorisée autoritaire majeur majeure
Highly accurate or definitive; treated or worthy of treatment as a scholarly authority
magistériel magistérielle
Having a commanding style.

authorities n
autorités
The bodies that have political or administrative power and control in a particular sphere
The bodies that enforce law and order or provide a public service

authority /ɒːˈtɒɹɪti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹəti/ /ɔːˈθɒɹɪti/ /əˈθɑɹəti/ /əˈθɔɹəti/ authorities n
autorité
(uncountable) Power or right to make or enforce rules or give orders; or a position having such power or right.
(countable) A reliable, definitive source of information on a subject.

authority figure authority figures n
figure d'autorité

authorization authorizations n
autorisation
(countable) An act of authorizing.
(uncountable) The state of being authorized to do something or to be somewhere; formally granted permission.

authorize /ˈɑθəɹaɪz/ /ˈɒθəɹaɪz/ /ˈɔːθəɹaɪz/ /ˈɔθəɹaɪz/ v
autoriser
(transitive) To grant (someone) the permission or power necessary to do (something); to permit; to sanction or consent to.

authorized /ˈɑθəɹaɪzd/ /ˈɔːθəɹaɪzd/ /ˈɔθəɹaɪzd/ adj
autorisé
Explicitly allowed.

authorship authorships n
paternité
The quality or state of being an author; the function or dignity of an author.

autism /ˈɑtɪzəm/ /ˈɔːtɪzəm/ autisms n
autisme
(clinical psychology) A pervasive neurological condition that is observable in early childhood and persists throughout the lifespan, characterised by atypical communication, language development, eye contact, and sensory experiences.
(clinical psychology, obsolete) A diagnosis involving a pathological tendency to engage in self-centered fantasy thinking, historically considered a symptom of insanity and/or schizophrenia.

autism spectrum disorder autism spectrum disorders n
trouble du spectre autistique trouble du spectre de l'autisme
(psychology, pathology) A disorder involving any of a range of psychological conditions, all characterized by abnormal social interaction and communication, restricted interests, highly repetitive behaviour, and eccentricity.

autist /ˈɔː.tɪst/ autists n
autiste
An autistic person, a person with autism.

autistic /ɔːˈtɪs.tɪk/ more autistic most autistic adj
autiste autistique
Having autism, or pertaining to autism.

autistic /ɔːˈtɪs.tɪk/ autistics n
autiste
A person who has autism.

autistic spectrum disorder autistic spectrum disorders n
trouble du spectre autistique trouble du spectre de l'autisme
(medicine) Any disorder characterised by symptoms associated with autism.

auto da fe /ˈaʊtəʊ də ˈfeɪ/ auto da fes autos da fe n
autodafé
The public execution of those sentences, often by burning at the stake.

auto mechanic /ˈɔtoʊ məˈkænɪk/ auto mechanics n
garagiste
(US) A person skilled in repairing and maintaining automobiles and other motor vehicles.

auto racing n
course automobile
(motor racing) Any of various sports in which automobiles (motor cars) are raced, either around a track, on roads or across country

auto show /ˈɑɾowˈʃow/ /ˈɔɾowˈʃow/ auto shows n
salon automobile
(automotive) A typically annual or semiannual public event for exhibition of automobiles and automobile designs.

auto- /ˈɔː.təʊ/ prefix
auto-
Reflexive, regarding or to oneself
automatic
relating to cars or the driving of cars

auto-reply auto-replies n
réponse automatique
(email, computing, uncountable) A feature in e-mail software that sends automatic replies, used for instance when the recipient of a message is on holiday.
(email, computing, countable) A message sent by this means.

autoantibody autoantibodies n
autoanticorps

autobesity n
autobésité

autobiographical /ˌɑtoʊˌbaɪəˈɡɹæfəkəl/ /ˌɔː.təˌbaɪ.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk.əl/ more autobiographical most autobiographical adj
autobiographique
Of or relating to a person's life or an account of a person's life, as told by the subject.

autobiography /ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ autobiographies n
autobiographie
(countable) A self-written biography; the story of one's own life.

autoboxing n
autoboxing
(object-oriented programming) Automatic boxing, the implicit conversion of primitive data types to wrapper objects.

autobus /ˈɑtoʊˌbʌs/ /ˈɔtoʊˌbʌs/ /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)bʌs/ [ˈɑɾə-] [ˈɔɾə-] autobuses autobusses n
autobus
(road transport, dated) A bus that is a motor vehicle, as opposed to earlier horse-drawn buses.
autobus gruppetto
(by extension, cycle racing) A large group of cyclists who have fallen behind the peloton in a race.

autocastration autocastrations n
autocastration

autocatalytic adj
autocatalytique
(chemistry, of a reaction) catalyzed by one of its own products

autocategorization n
autocatégorisation
(computing, chiefly, US) Automatic categorization.

autocategorize v
autocatégoriser
(computing, rare, chiefly, US) To automatically categorize.

autocephalous /ɔːtə(ʊ)ˈsɛfələs/ more autocephalous most autocephalous adj
autocéphale
(Christianity, of a church) Fully independent of the authority of any other church.

autocephaly /ˌɔːtəˈsɛfəli/ autocephalies n
autocéphalie
(Christianity) The condition where a church's leaders have severed ties to a larger body and thus no longer report to a higher authority.

autochthon /ɑˈtɑkˌθɑn/ /ɑˈtɑkθ(ə)n/ /ɔˈtɑkˌθɑn/ /ɔˈtɑkθ(ə)n/ /ɔːˈtɒkθ(ə)n/ /ɔːˈtɒkθɒn/ autochthones autochthons n
autochtone
The earliest inhabitant of an area; an aborigine.

autochthonous /ɑˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔˈtɑkθənəs/ /ɔːˈtɒkθənəs/ adj
autochtone
Native to the place where found; indigenous.

autoclassify v
autoclassifier
(computing) To automatically classify.

autoclave /ˈɔtəˌkleɪv/ autoclaves n
autoclave
A strong, pressurized, heated vessel, as for laboratory experiments, sterilization, cooking or mineral processing.

autoclave /ˈɔtəˌkleɪv/ v
autoclaver
(transitive) To sterilize laboratory equipment in an autoclave.

autocomplete n
autocomplétion
(computing) A software feature that predicts the rest of a word a user is typing.

autocomplete v
autocompléter
(computing) To complete automatically.

autocorrelation autocorrelations n
autocorrélation
(statistics, signal processing) The cross-correlation of a signal with itself: the correlation between values of a signal in successive time periods.

autocracy /ɔːˈtɒkɹəsi/ autocracies n
autocratie
(uncountable) A form of government in which unlimited power is held by a single individual.

autocrat /ˈɔːtəkɹæt/ autocrats n
autocrate
An absolute ruler with infinite power.

autocratic more autocratic most autocratic adj
autocratique
Of or pertaining to autocracy or to an autocrat; absolute; holding independent and arbitrary powers of government.

autodidact /ˌɔːtoʊˈdaɪdækt/ autodidacts n
autodidacte
A self-taught person.

autodidacticism n
autodidaxie
self-education; self-directed learning

autoerotic /ˈɔːtəʊ.ɘɹɒt.ɪk/ more autoerotic most autoerotic adj
autoérotique
Of or pertaining to sexual satisfaction obtained without a partner; masturbatory

autoerotism autoerotisms n
autoérotisme
Sexual activity involving oneself, including masturbation.

autofellatio n
autofellation
Oral stimulation of one's own penis.

autofiction autofictions n
autofiction

autofictional adj
autofictionnel

autoformat v
autoformater

autogamy autogamies n
autogamie
Self-fertilization, the fertilizing pollen being derived from the same blossom as the pistil acted upon.

autogenesis n
autogenèse
(biology) The supposed creation of living organisms from nonliving matter.

autoglossonym /ˌɑː.toʊˈɡlɑ.sə.nɪm/ /ˌɔː.toʊˈɡlɑ.sə.nɪm/ /ˌɔː.təʊˈɡlɒ.sə.nɪm/ autoglossonyms n
autoglossonyme autoglottonyme
The name of a language in that language.

autograph /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/ adj
autographe
Written in the author’s own handwriting.

autograph /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/ autographs n
autographe signature
A person’s own handwriting, especially the signature of a famous or admired person.
(by extension, colloquial) A person's signature used as a mark of formal approval.
autographe
A manuscript in the author’s handwriting.

autograph /ˈɔːtəɡrɑːf/ v
dédicacer signer
(transitive) To sign, or write one’s name or signature on a book etc

autoharp autoharps n
autoharpe
A string instrument having a series of chord bars attached to dampers (muting bars) which mute all the strings other than those that form the desired chord.

autohypnosis autohypnoses n
autohypnose
Hypnosis of oneself.

autoignition temperature autoignition temperatures n
point d’auto-inflammation
The lowest temperature at which combustion will occur spontaneously under specific conditions.

autoimmune adj
auto-immun
(pathology, immunology) Of or pertaining to autoimmunity.

autoloading n
autochargement

autological /ˌɑːtoʊˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɑːtəˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɔː.təʊˈlɒ.dʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌɔː.təˈlɒ.dʒɪ.kəl/ adj
autologique
(grammar, of a word, phrase, or especially an adjective) Possessing the property it describes.

autolysis /əˈtɑ.ləˌsɪs/ n
autolyse
(pathology, cytology) The destruction of an organism's cells by enzymes produced by the organism itself.

automagical /ˈɑtoʊˈmæd͡ʒɪkəl/ more automagical most automagical adj
automagique
(computing, technology, informal) Automatic, but with an apparent element of magic. Commonly referring to complex technical processes hidden from the view of users or operators, resulting in technology that "just works".

automagically more automagically most automagically adv
automagiquement
In an automagical manner; happening seemingly without effort.

automassage n
automassage
The practice of massaging oneself.

automate /ˈoː.tə.mæɪt/ /ˈɑ.toʊˌmeɪt/ /ˈɑ.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɔ.toʊˌmeɪt/ /ˈɔː.tə.meɪt/ [ˈoː.ɾə.mæɪt] [ˈɑ.ɾoʊˌmeɪt] [ˈɑ.ɾəˌmeɪt] [ˈɔ.ɾoʊˌmeɪt] [ˈɔ.ɾəˌmeɪt] v
automatiser
(ambitransitive) To replace or enhance human labor with machines.

automated /ˈɑ.toʊˌmeɪ.tɪd/ /ˈɑ.təmeɪtɪd/ /ˈɔ.toʊˌmeɪ.tɪd/ /ˈɔ.təmeɪtɪd/ /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ [ˈɑ.ɾoʊˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɑ.ɾəˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɔ.ɾoʊˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] [ˈɔ.ɾəˌmeɪ.ɾɪd] adj
automatisé
Made automatic.

automated machine learning n
apprentissage automatique
(artificial intelligence) A field of study concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques of automating the end-to-end process of machine learning and artificial intelligence.

automated teller automated tellers n
guichet automatique

automated teller machine /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd ˈtɛlə(ɹ) məˈʃiːn/ automated teller machines n
distributeur de billets distributeur automatique de billets guichet automatique bancaire
(banking) A device that provides bank customers with cash withdrawal and other services without the need for a human teller.

automatic /ˌɑː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɔː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] more automatic most automatic adj
automatique
Capable of operating without external control or intervention.
Done out of habit or without conscious thought.
(of a firearm such as a machine gun) Firing continuously as long as the trigger is pressed until ammunition is exhausted.

automatic /ˌɑː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɔː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk] automatics n
semi-automatique
A semi-automatic pistol.

automatic teller automatic tellers n
guichet automatique

automatic transmission automatic transmissions n
boite de vitesses automatique
(automotive) A vehicle transmission which shifts gears automatically in response to vehicle speed and/or load, and does not require any driver input to manually change gears under normal driving conditions; an automatic gearbox.

automatically /ˈɔːtəʊˌmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ /ˈɔːtəˌmætɪk(.ə)li/ /ˌɑː.təˈmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ /ˌɔː.təˈmæt.ɪk(.ə)li/ [ˌɑː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk(.ə)li] [ˌɔː.ɾəˈmæɾ.ɪk(.ə)li] more automatically most automatically adv
automatiquement
In an automatic manner.

automation /ˌɔːtəˈmeɪʃən/ automations n
automatisation automation
The act or process of converting the controlling of a machine or device to a more automatic system, such as computer or electronic controls.

automatism /ɔːˈtɒmətɪzəm/ automatisms n
automatisme
The doctrine that animals are automata, operating according to mechanical laws.

automaton /ɔːˈtɒmətən/ /ɔːˈtɒməˌtɒn/ /əˈtɑməˌtɑn/ automata automatons n
automate
A machine or robot designed to follow a precise sequence of instructions.
A person who acts like a machine or robot, often defined as having a monotonous lifestyle and lacking in emotion.
A formal system, such as a finite-state machine or cellular automaton.
A toy in the form of a mechanical figure.

automobile /ˈɑː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˈɑː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɑː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbil/ /ˈɔː.tə.məˌbiːl/ /ˌɔː.tə.məˈbil/ /ˌɔː.təˈmoʊ.bil/ automobiles n
voiture automobile char auto
(US, Canada) A type of vehicle designed to move on the ground under its own stored power and intended to carry a driver, a small number of additional passengers, and a very limited amount of other load. A car or motorcar.

automorphic number automorphic numbers n
nombre automorphe
(mathematics) A number whose decimal representation of its square ends in itself.

automotive adj
automobile
Having the ability to move by itself; self-propelled or self-propelling.
Of, or relating to motor vehicles.

autonepiophilia /ˌɔːtəʊˌniːpiəʊˈfɪliə/ n
autonépiophilie
paraphilic infantilism with oneself in the role of the infant

autonomic /ˌɔt.əˈnɑm.ɪk/ /ˌɔː.təˈnɒm.ɪk/ adj
autonome
(neurology) Acting or occurring involuntarily, without conscious control.

autonomism n
mouvement autonome

autonomous /ɑˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔˈtɑnəməs/ /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ more autonomous most autonomous adj
autonome
Self-governing. Intelligent, sentient, self-aware, thinking, feeling, governing independently.

autonomous sensory meridian response autonomous sensory meridian responses n
réponse autonome sensorielle culminante
A frisson characterized by a tingling sensation on the skin that typically begins on the scalp and moves down the back of the neck and upper spine.

autonomous vehicle autonomous vehicles n
voiture autonome véhicule autonome
A vehicle which utilizes mechatronics, artificial intelligence and a multi-agent system to assist its human operator.

autonomy /ɑˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔˈtɑ.nə.mi/ /ɔːˈtɒn.ə.mi/ autonomies n
autonomie
(government, countable) A self-governing country or region.
(philosophy, uncountable) The capacity to make an informed, uncoerced decision.

autonymic adj
autonymique

autopatrolled adj
autopatrouillé
(WMF) Having a status such that one's edits need not be checked, or patrolled, by other users.

autophagy autophagies n
autophagie
(cytology) The process of self-digestion by a cell through the action of enzymes originating within the same cell. Often a defensive and/or self-preservation measure.

autopilot autopilots n
pilote automatique
(aviation, nautical) A mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being.

autoplastic adj
autoplastique
Of or pertaining to autoplasty (a type of lesion repair with healthy tissue).

autoplasty autoplasties n
autoplastie greffe
(medicine, surgery, dated) The process of artificially repairing lesions by taking a piece of healthy tissue, as from a neighboring part, to supply the deficiency caused by disease or wounds. In present-day contexts likelier to be called autotransplantation or autografting.

autopoiesis /ˌɔːtəʊpɔɪˈiːsɪs/ n
autopoïèse
(systems theory) Self-creation; self-organization.

autopsy /ˈɑtɑpsi/ /ˈɔtɑpsi/ /ˈɔːtɒpsiː/ autopsies n
autopsie
A dissection performed on a cadaver to find possible cause(s) of death.

autoradiography n
autoradiographie

autoregressive more autoregressive most autoregressive adj
autorégressif
(statistics) Employing autoregression, using a weighted sample of past data to predict future results

autoregulation autoregulations n
autorégulation
(biology) Any of several physiological processes in which an inhibitory feedback system counteracts change.

autosexuality n
autosexualité
Sexual attraction toward oneself.

autosome /ˈɑtəzoʊm/ /ˈɔɾəˌsoʊm/ /ˈɔːtəsəʊm/ autosomes n
autosome
(genetics) Any chromosome other than sex chromosomes.

autostimulate v
autostimuler

autosuggestion autosuggestions n
autosuggestion
(psychology, uncountable) The practice of suggesting thoughts to oneself, as in autohypnosis.
(psychology, countable) An instance of suggesting a thought to oneself.

autotelic more autotelic most autotelic adj
autotélique
(psychology, of an activity, process, person or personality) Containing its own meaning or purpose; deriving meaning and purpose from within.
(arts, of a work of art or literature) Not motivated by anything beyond itself; thematically self-contained.

autotelic autotelics n
personne autotélique
An autotelic person, a person with an autotelic personality.

autoteller autotellers n
guichet automatique
(banking) An automated teller machine.

autotheism n
autothéisme
Belief that one is a deity.

autotomy /ɔːˈtɒtəmi/ autotomies n
autotomie
(chiefly, _, zoology) The spontaneous removal of a limb, tail etc, especially by some invertebrates as a self-defense mechanism.

autotransfusion autotransfusions n
autotransfusion auto-transfusion
(medicine) A blood transfusion in which a person receives their own blood, extracted previously.

autotroph /ˈɔɾəˌtɹoʊf/ /ˈɔːtə(ʊ)tɹəʊf/ autotrophs n
autotrophe
(ecology) Any organism that can synthesize its food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy.

autotrophy autotrophies n
autotrophie
(biology) The synthesis of food from inorganic substances, using heat or light as a source of energy

autumn /ˈɑtəm/ /ˈɔtəm/ /ˈɔːtəm/ [ˈɑɾm̩] [ˈɑɾɪ̈m] [ˈɔɾm̩] [ˈɔɾɪ̈m] autumns n
automne
Traditionally the third of the four seasons, when deciduous trees lose their leaves; typically regarded as being from September 24 to December 22 in parts of the Northern Hemisphere, and the months of March, April and May in the Southern Hemisphere.
(fashion) A person with relatively dark hair and a warm skin tone, seen as best suited to certain colours in clothing.

autumnal /ɔˈtʌmnəɫ/ /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/ more autumnal most autumnal adj
automnal
Of or relating to autumn.

autumnal equinox autumnal equinoxes n
équinoxe d'automne
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting away from the observer, taking place in September in the northern hemisphere and March in the southern hemisphere.

auxiliary /ɑɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɑɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪl(j)(ə)ɹi/ /ɔɡˈzɪliɛɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪl(j)əɹi/ /ɔːɡˈzɪli.əɹi/ adj
auxiliaire
Helping; giving assistance or support.
(grammar) Relating to an auxiliary verb.

auxiliary language auxiliary languages n
langue auxiliaire
Short for international auxiliary language.

auxiliary verb /ɔːɡˈzɪljəɹi ˈvɜː(ɹ)b/ auxiliary verbs n
verbe auxiliaire auxiliaire
(grammar) A verb that accompanies the main verb in a clause in order to make distinctions in tense, mood, voice or aspect.

auxinic adj
auxinique

auxologic more auxologic most auxologic adj
auxologique
Of or pertaining to auxology

auxology n
auxologie
(biology) The study of growth

avail /əˈveɪl/ v
servir profiter saisir
(intransitive) To be of use or advantage; to answer or serve the purpose; to have strength, force, or efficacy sufficient to accomplish the object.

availability [əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪtɪ] availabilities n
disponibilité
(chiefly, uncountable) The quality of being available.

available /əˈveɪləb(ə)l/ more available most available adj
disponible
Such as one may avail oneself of; capable of being used for the accomplishment of a purpose.
disponible accessible
Readily obtainable.

avalanche /ˈævəlæn(t)ʃ/ /ˈævəlɑːnʃ/ avalanches n
avalanche
A large mass or body of snow and ice sliding swiftly down a mountain side, or falling down a precipice.
A fall of earth, rocks, etc., similar to that of an avalanche of snow or ice.
(by extension) A sudden, great, or irresistible descent or influx; anything like an avalanche in suddenness and overwhelming quantity.

avania /avəˈniːə/ avanias n
avanie
(historical) A tax or fee imposed on foreigners under the Ottoman Empire, especially one considered to be irregular or extortionate.

avant la lettre
avant la lettre

avant-garde /æˈvɑ̃.ɡɑːd/ /æˈvɑ̃t.ɡɑːd/ /əˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /əˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˈæ.vn̩t.ɡɑːd/ /ˌæ.vɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌæ.vɑ̃ˈɡɑːd/ /ˌæˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvæntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑntˈɡɑɹd/ /ˌɑˌvɑ̃ˈɡɑɹd/ avant-gardes n
avant-garde
(obsolete) The vanguard of an army or other force.
Any group of people who invent or promote new techniques or concepts, especially in the arts.

avant-gardism n
avant-gardisme
the novel, experimental approach of the avant-garde

avant-gardist avant-gardists n
avant-gardiste
A person who is avant-garde or espouses avant-garde points of view; a member of the avant-garde.

avant-guard n
avant-garde
(archaic) The vanguard or advanced body of an army.

avarice /ˈævəɹəs/ /ˈævəɹɪs/ /ˈævɹəs/ avarices n
avarice
Excessive or inordinate desire of gain; greed for wealth

avaricious /ˌævəˈɹɪʃəs/ more avaricious most avaricious adj
avare
Actuated by avarice; extremely greedy for wealth or material gain; immoderately desirous of accumulating property.

avatar /ˈæv.ə.tɑɹ/ /ˈæv.ə.tɑː/ /ˌæv.əˈtɑː/ avatars n
avatar allégorie emblème incarnation matérialisation personnification
(computing, video games, metaverse) A complex and dynamic digital representation of a person or being in the form of a digital model, used online as a simulation or emulation of a person, or as a person's online alter ego, in a virtual world, virtual chat room, or metaverse.

avenge /əˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
venger
(transitive) To take vengeance (for); to exact satisfaction for by punishing the injuring party; to vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on a wrongdoer.
(transitive, archaic) To treat revengefully; to wreak vengeance on.

avenger /əˈvɛndʒə(ɹ)/ avengers n
vengeur vengeresse
One who avenges or vindicates

aveniform more aveniform most aveniform adj
avéniforme

aventurine /əˈvɛn.tjʊə.ɹɪn/ /əˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.ɹɪn/ /əˈvɛn.t͡ʃəˌɹin/ aventurines n
verre aventuriné
A kind of brownish glass containing gold-coloured spangles.
aventurine
(mineral, by extension) A variety of translucent quartz, spangled throughout with scales of yellow mica.

avenue /ˈæv.əˌn(j)u/ /ˈæv.əˌnjuː/ avenues n
avenue allée
The principal walk or approach to a house which is withdrawn from the road, especially, such approach bordered on each side by trees; any broad passageway thus bordered.

aver /əˈvɜː/ /əˈvɝ/ v
affirmer
(ambitransitive) To assert the truth of (something); to affirm (something) with confidence; to declare (something) in a positive manner.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ more average most average adj
moyen
(not comparable) Constituting or relating to the average.
Typical.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ averages n
moyenne
(mathematics) The arithmetic mean.

average /ˈæv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
moyenner

average Joe more average Joe most average Joe adj
Français moyen Madame Toulemonde Monsieur Toulemonde
Hypothetically average or generic individual.

averagely more averagely most averagely adv
moyennement
In an average manner

averrable adj
avérable

aversion /əˈvɜːʃən/ /əˈvɝʒən/ aversions n
aversion
Opposition or repugnance of mind; fixed dislike often without any conscious reasoning.

aversion therapy aversion therapies n
thérapie aversive
A form of psychological treatment in which the patient is exposed to a stimulus while simultaneously being subjected to some form of discomfort.

aversive more aversive most aversive adj
aversif
Tending to repel; causing avoidance.

avert /əˈvɜːt/ /əˈvɝt/ v
détourner
(transitive) To turn aside or away.
prévenir
(transitive) To ward off, or prevent, the occurrence or effects of.

avian /ˈeɪvi.ən/ adj
aviaire
Characteristic of or pertaining to birds, or to bird-like or flying creatures.

avian influenza n
grippe aviaire
(pathology) Any strain of influenza carried by and primarily affecting birds.

avianize v
avianiser

aviary /ˈeɪviˌɛəɹi/ /ˈeɪvɪəɹi/ aviaries n
volière
A house, enclosure, large cage, or other place for keeping birds confined; a birdhouse. [from 16th c.]

aviation /ˌeɪ.viˈeɪ.ʃən/ aviations n
aviation
The art or science of making and flying aircraft.

aviator aviators aviatress aviatrix n
aviateur aviatrice
An aircraft pilot, especially a military pilot. The use of the word may imply claims of superior airmanship, as in navy aviator vs. air force pilot.

aviatrix /ˈeɪ.vi.eɪ.tɹɪks/ aviatrices aviatrixes n
aviatrice

avicultural adj
avicole

aviculture avicultures n
aviculture
The rearing and care of birds (especially poultry)

aviculturist aviculturists n
aviculteur avicultrice
A person who keeps and rears (breeds) birds.

avid /ˈæv.əd/ /ˈæv.ɪd/ avider avidest more avid most avid adj
avide
enthusiastic; keen; eager; showing great interest in something or desire to do something

aviophobia n
aviophobie

avitaminosis avitaminoses n
avitaminose
Any disease which is caused by vitamin deficiency.

avocado /ævəˈkɑdoʊ/ /ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/ /ɑvəˈkɑdoʊ/ [ævəˈkɑɾoʊ] [ɑvəˈkɑɾoʊ] adj
avocat
Of a dull yellowish-green colour.

avocado /ævəˈkɑdoʊ/ /ævəˈkɑːdəʊ/ /ɑvəˈkɑdoʊ/ [ævəˈkɑɾoʊ] [ɑvəˈkɑɾoʊ] avocadoes avocados n
avocat avocatier
The large, usually yellowish-green or black, savory fruit of the avocado tree.
avocatier avocat
The avocado tree, Persea americana, of the laurel family.
avocat
(color, mostly, uncountable) A dark chartreuse colour, like the colour of the skin of an avocado.

avocet /ˈævəsɛt/ avocets n
avocette
Any of four species of wading birds in the genus Recurvirostra, of the family Recurvirostridae, with long, slender recurved bills, long legs, and webbed feet. It is the logo of the RSPB (Royal Society for the Protection of Birds)

avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v
éviter
(transitive) To try not to meet or communicate with (a person); to shun
To try not to do something or to have something happen
éviter fuir
to keep away from; to keep clear of; to stay away from

avoid like the plague /əˈvɔɪd laɪk ðə ˈpleɪɡ/ v
fuir comme la peste
(simile) To evade or shun, if at all possible.

avoidable /əˈvɔɪdəbl̩/ more avoidable most avoidable adj
évitable
Capable of being avoided, shunned, or escaped.

avoidance /əˈvɔɪdəns/ avoidances n
évitement
(obsolete) The act of becoming vacant, or the state of being vacant, specifically used for the state of a benefice becoming void by the death, deprivation, or resignation of the incumbent.

avow /əˈvaʊ/ v
avouer confesser
(transitive) To declare openly and boldly, as something believed to be right; to own, acknowledge or confess frankly.

avuncular /əˈvʌŋkjʊlə/ /əˈvʌŋkjʊlɚ/ more avuncular most avuncular adj
avunculaire
In the manner of an uncle, pertaining to an uncle.
gentil
(by extension) Kind, genial, benevolent, or tolerant.

avunculicide avunculicides n
avunculicide

await /əˈweɪt/ v
attendre
(transitive) To be in store for; to be ready or in waiting for.
(intransitive) To wait; to stay in waiting.
attendre guetter s'attendre à servir
(transitive, intransitive) To serve or attend; to wait on, wait upon.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] more awake most awake adj
éveillé réveillé
Not asleep; conscious.

awake /əˈweɪk/ /əˈweːk/ [əˈweːk] [əˈwɛːk] v
réveiller
(intransitive) To become conscious after having slept.
(transitive) To excite or to stir up something latent.
réveiller éveiller
(transitive) To cause (somebody) to stop sleeping.

awaken /əˈweɪkən/ v
réveiller
(transitive) To cause to become awake.
(transitive, figurative) To cause to become aware.
se réveiller
(intransitive) To stop sleeping; awake.
(transitive, figurative) To bring into action (something previously dormant); to stimulate.

awakening /əˈweɪ̯kənɪŋ/ awakenings n
réveil
The act of becoming aware of something.

award /əˈwɔɹd/ /əˈwɔːd/ awards n
prix médaille trophée
A trophy or medal; something that denotes an accomplishment, especially in a competition. A prize or honor based on merit.

award /əˈwɔɹd/ /əˈwɔːd/ v
accorder décerner
(transitive, legal) To give by sentence or judicial determination; to assign or apportion, after careful regard to the nature of the case.

aware /əˈweːɹ/ /əˈwɛə/ /əˈwɛɚ/ awarer awarest more aware most aware adj
en alerte vigilant attentif en éveil sur ses gardes
Vigilant or on one's guard against danger or difficulty.
conscient au courant
Conscious or having knowledge of something.

awareness /əˈwɛə.nəs/ /əˈwɛɚ.nəs/ awarenesses n
conscience
The state or level of consciousness where sense data can be confirmed by an observer.
conscience connaissance
The state or quality of being aware of something.

away /əˈweɪ/ further away furthest away adv
loin
From a place, hence.

away game away games n
à l'extérieur
(idiomatic, sports) An athletic contest played away from the team's home field.

away with the fairies /əˈweɪ wɪð ðə ˈfɛəɹɪːz/ adj
dans la lune distrait tête en l'air étourdi
(idiomatic) Synonym of lost in thought; distracted or daydreaming.

awe /ɑ/ /ɔ/ /ɔː/ awes n
crainte révérence
A feeling of fear and reverence.
admiration
A feeling of amazement.

awesome /ˈɑ.səm/ /ˈɔ.səm/ /ˈɔː.səm/ awesomer awesomest more awesome most awesome adj
impressionnant terrifiant
(dated) Causing awe or terror; inspiring wonder or excitement. [from 1590–1600.]
magnifique formidable génial épatant
(colloquial, North America, Australia) Excellent, exciting, remarkable.

awesomeness /ˈɔːsəmnəs/ awesomenesses n
génialité
The quality of being awesome.

awful /ˈɑfəl/ /ˈɔfəl/ /ˈɔːfəl/ /ˈɔːfʊl/ awfuller awfullest more awful most awful adj
horrible affreux immonde épouvantable
Very bad.
horrible terrible épouvantable
(dated) Causing fear or horror; appalling, terrible.

awhile /əˈwaɪl/ /əˈʍaɪl/ adv
un instant un moment un peu
For some time; for a short time.

awkward /ˈoːkwəd/ /ˈɑkwɚd/ /ˈɔkwɚd/ /ˈɔːkwəd/ awkwarder awkwardest more awkward most awkward adj
maladroit gauche
Lacking dexterity in the use of the hands, or of instruments.
embarrassant
Not easily managed or effected; embarrassing.
inconvenant
Perverse; adverse; difficult to handle.

awkward age n
âge bête âge ingrat

awkwardness awkwardnesses n
maladresse
The state or quality of being awkward; clumsiness; unskillfulness.

awl /ɑl/ /ɔl/ /ɔːl/ awls n
alêne alène
A pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood; used by shoemakers, saddlers, cabinetmakers, etc. The blade is differently shaped and pointed for different uses, as in the brad awl, saddler's awl, shoemaker's awl, etc.

awm awms n
aime

awn /ɔːn/ awns n
barbe
The bristle or beard of barley, oats, grasses, etc., or any similar bristlelike appendage; arista.

awning /ˈɑnɪŋ/ /ˈɔnɪŋ/ /ˈɔːnɪŋ/ awnings n
marquise auvent
A rooflike cover, usually of canvas, extended over or before any place as a shelter from the sun, rain, or wind.

awning window awning windows n
fenêtre à auvent
A window that is hung horizontally, hinged on top, so that it swings outward.

awry /əˈɹaɪ/ /əˈɹɑɪ/ /ˈɔ.ɹi/ more awry most awry adj
de guingois de travers de traviole
Turned or twisted toward one side; crooked, distorted, out of place; wry.
inapproprié
(figurative) Wrong or distorted; perverse, amiss, off course

awry /əˈɹaɪ/ /əˈɹɑɪ/ /ˈɔ.ɹi/ more awry most awry adv
de traviole de guingois de travers
Obliquely, crookedly; askew.

ax to grind axes to grind n
intention cachée intentions cachées
(American spelling) A proposition or point of view to advocate, especially motivated by self-interest.

axe /æks/ axes n
hache cognée
A tool for felling trees or chopping wood etc. consisting of a heavy head flattened to a blade on one side, and a handle attached to it.
hache
An ancient weapon consisting of a head that has one or two blades and a long handle.
couperet
(informal) A dismissal or rejection.
gratte
(slang, music) A gigging musician's particular instrument, especially a guitar in rock music or a saxophone in jazz.

axial /ˈæk.si.əl/ /ˈæk.sɪ.əl/ more axial most axial adj
axial
(anatomy) Belonging to the axis of the body, or to the axis of any appendage or organ
(botany) In the same direction as the axis, parallel to the axis.

axial vector axial vectors n
vecteur axial
(mathematics, physics) a pseudovector

axil /ˈæk.səl/ /ˈæk.sɪl/ axils n
aisselle
(botany) The angle or point of divergence between the upper side of a branch, leaf, or petiole, and the stem or branch from which it springs.

axillary /ækˈsɪləɹi/ /ˈæksɪlɛɹi/ adj
axillaire
Of or pertaining to the axilla or armpit.

axino axinos n
axino
(physics) A hypothetical elementary particle, the fermionic superpartner of the axion and a possible candidate for the composition of dark matter.

axiological adj
axiologique
Of or relating to value theory, the philosophical field of axiology.

axiology axiologies n
axiologie
(uncountable, philosophy) The study of value(s), as regards origin, nature, functions, types, and interrelations; value theory.
(countable) The particular value-theory of a philosopher, school of thought, etc.

axiom /ˈak.sɪ.əm/ /ˈæk.si.əm/ /ˈæk.ʃəm/ axiomata axioms n
axiome
(philosophy) A seemingly self-evident or necessary truth which is based on assumption; a principle or proposition which cannot actually be proved or disproved.
(logic, mathematics, proof theory) A fundamental assumption that serves as a basis for deduction of theorems; a postulate (sometimes distinguished from postulates as being universally applicable, whereas postulates are particular to a certain science or context).
An established principle in some artistic practice or science that is universally received.

axiom of choice axioms of choice n
axiome du choix
(set theory) One of the axioms of set theory, equivalent to the statement that an arbitrary direct product of non-empty sets is non-empty; any version of said axiom, for example specifying the cardinality of the number of sets from which choices are made.

axiomatic /ˌæk.si.əˈmæt.ɪk/ more axiomatic most axiomatic adj
axiomatique
Self-evident or unquestionable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(mathematics) Relating to or containing axioms. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

axiomatize v
axiomatiser
To establish a set of axioms that describe or govern certain phenomena

axion axions n
axion
(physics) A hypothetical subatomic particle postulated to resolve certain symmetry problems concerning the strong nuclear force.

axis /ˈæksəs/ /ˈæksɪs/ axes axiis n
axe
(geometry) An imaginary line around which an object spins (an axis of rotation) or is symmetrically arranged (an axis of symmetry).
(mathematics) A fixed one-dimensional figure, such as a line or arc, with an origin and orientation and such that its points are in one-to-one correspondence with a set of numbers; an axis forms part of the basis of a space or is used to position and locate data in a graph (a coordinate axis)

axis of evil axes of evil n
axe du mal
A group of states accused by George W. Bush of sponsoring terrorism and seeking weapons of mass destruction, originally defined as Iran, Iraq, and North Korea.

axis of rotation axes of rotation n
axe de rotation
The axis about which any body rotates.

axis of symmetry axes of symmetry n
axe de symétrie
(geometry) Any of one or more lines about which a geometric figure is symmetric

axisymmetric more axisymmetric most axisymmetric adj
axisymétrique
Exhibiting symmetry around an axis; exhibiting cylindrical symmetry.

axle /ˈæksəl/ axles n
essieu
The pin or spindle on which a wheel revolves, or which revolves with a wheel.
A transverse bar or shaft connecting the opposite wheels of a car or carriage; an axletree.
axe
(geometry, astronomy, archaic) An axis.

axletree axletrees n
essieu
A bar or beam of wood or iron, connecting the opposite wheels of a carriage, on the ends of which the wheels revolve.

axolotl /ˈak.səˌlɒ.təl/ /ˈæk.səˌlɑ.təl/ axolotls axolots n
axolotl
A critically endangered salamander found in the elevated lakes of Mexico, Ambystoma mexicanum.

axon axons n
axone
(cytology) A nerve fibre which is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, and which conducts nerve impulses away from the body of the cell to a synapse.

axonometric adj
axonométrique
(technical drawing) Describing a projection in which the horizontal and vertical axes are to the same scale, but the third axis is reduced to allow for perspective

ayah /ˈaɪ.(j)ɑː/ /ˈaɪ.ə/ ayahs ayat n
aya
(Islam) A verse in the Quran.

ayatollah ayatollahs n
ayatollah
(Islam) A religious leader in Twelver Shi'ism.

aye /aɪ/ interjection
oui
yes; yea; a word expressing assent, or an affirmative answer to a question.

aye aye, sir phraseologicalUnit
bien commandant
(idiomatic, nautical) The correct and seamanlike reply, onboard a Royal Navy (or US Navy) ship, on receipt of an order from someone of senior rank or authority. It means "I understand the command and hasten to comply with the order."

aye-aye /ˈaɪˌaɪ/ aye-ayes n
aye-aye
The lemur Daubentonia madagascariensis, a solitary nocturnal quadruped found in Madagascar and remarkable for its long fingers, sharp nails, and rodent-like incisor teeth.

ayin /ˈaɪ.ɪn/ /ˈɑ.jɪn/ ayins n
aïn
The sixteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

azalea /əˈzeɪliə/ azaleas n
azalée
A plant of the obsolete genus Azalea.

azarole azaroles n
azerolier
Any of species Crataegus azarolus of shrubs of southern Europe, related to hawthorn.

azeotrope azeotropes n
azéotrope
(physics) A mixture of two or more substances whose liquid and gaseous forms have the same composition (at a certain pressure); the substances cannot be separated by normal distillation.

azeotropic more azeotropic most azeotropic adj
azéotropique

azimuth /ˈæzɪməθ/ azimuths n
azimut
An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object.
The quadrant of an azimuth circle.

azimuthal /ˌæzəˈmuːθəl/ /ˌæzəˈmʌθəl/ adj
azimutal
Of or pertaining to the azimuth; in a horizontal circle.

azine azines n
azine

aziridine /əˈzɪɹɪdiːn/ aziridines n
aziridine
(organic compound) A three-membered heterocycle containing two methylene groups and an imine; the nitrogen equivalent of ethylene oxide.

azo- /eɪ.zə(ʊ)/ /æz.oʊ/ /æz.ə/ prefix
azo-

azobenzene azobenzenes n
azobenzène
(organic compound) An aromatic azo compound, diphenyl diazene, the basis of many dyes.

azoic adj
azoïque
(dated) Destitute of any vestige of organic life, or at least of animal life.

azole /əˈzoʊl/ /ˈæz.oʊl/ azoles n
azole
(organic compound) Any of a class of five-membered unsaturated heterocycles having three carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and two double bonds

azoospermia azoospermias n
azoospermie
(medicine) The absence of live sperm in the semen.

azopolymer azopolymers n
azopolymère

azotic adj
azotique
(chemistry, obsolete) Pertaining to azote, or nitrogen; formed or consisting of azote

azuki bean azuki beans n
haricot azuki haricot rouge du Japon
An annual vine (Vigna angularis), widely grown throughout East Asia and the Himalayas for its small bean.
A bean of this vine.

azure /eɪ-/ /æzˈjʊə/ /əˈzjɝ/ /əˈzjʊə/ /əˈzjʊɹ/ /əˈʒɝ/ /əˈʒʊɹ/ /ˈeɪʒ.ə/ /ˈæz.jʊə/ /ˈæʒ.ə/ /ˈæʒ.ɚ/ adj
azur
Sky blue; resembling the clear blue colour of the unclouded sky.

azure /eɪ-/ /æzˈjʊə/ /əˈzjɝ/ /əˈzjʊə/ /əˈzjʊɹ/ /əˈʒɝ/ /əˈʒʊɹ/ /ˈeɪʒ.ə/ /ˈæz.jʊə/ /ˈæʒ.ə/ /ˈæʒ.ɚ/ azures n
azur
(countable, and, uncountable) The clear blue colour of the sky; also, a pigment or dye of this colour.
(tincture) A blue colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by horizontal parallel lines.
(poetic) The unclouded sky; the blue vault above.

azurite /ˈæʒ(j)ʊˌɹaɪt/ /ˈæʒ.(j)ʊəɹˌaɪt/ /ˈæʒ.əˌɹaɪt/ azurites n
azurite
(mineral) A blue vitreous mineral; a basic hydrated copper carbonate, with the chemical formula Cu2+3(CO3)2(OH)2, used since antiquity as a blue pigment or ores to extract metallic copper.

azymite /ˈæzɪmaɪt/ azymites n
azymite
(Eastern Orthodoxy, historical, pejorative) One who administers the Eucharist with unleavened bread, in particular a member of the Latin Church or Roman Catholic Church.

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] interjection
bè bê
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry of a sheep.

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] baas n
bêlement
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic cry or bleating of a sheep.

baa [bæ] [bæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀæ̰ˀ] [bæ̰ː] [bɑ] [bɑː] v
bêler
To make the characteristic cry of a sheep.

baba au rhum babas au rhum n
baba au rhum
A yeast cake soaked in a syrup containing rum.

baba ganoush /ˌbɑbə ɡəˈnuʃ/ /ˌbɑːbə ɡəˈnuːʃ/ n
baba ganouche
A Middle Eastern dish made from a purée of roasted aubergine (eggplant), garlic, and tahini, often eaten as a dip with bread.

babbittry n
matérialisme petit-bourgeois
Narrow-minded materialism.

babble /ˈbæb.(ə(l/ babbles n
babillage bavardage
Idle talk; senseless prattle
charabia galimatias jargon
Inarticulate speech; constant or confused murmur.
murmure babil
A sound like that of water gently flowing around obstructions.

babble /ˈbæb.(ə(l/ v
jargonner marmonner marmotter
(intransitive) To utter words indistinctly or unintelligibly; to utter inarticulate sounds
bavarder jacasser papoter caqueter jaboter
(intransitive) To talk too much; to chatter; to prattle.
babiller murmurer susurrer
(intransitive) To make a continuous murmuring noise, like shallow water running over stones.

babbler [ˈbæb(ə)lə(ɹ)] babblers n
babillard babillarde
Someone who babbles.

babbling babblings n
balbutiement
(countable, uncountable) sounds produced by infant during the babbling period

babesiosis babesioses n
babésiose piroplasmose
(pathology) Any of several malaria-like parasitic diseases in humans and other animals caused by Babesia, a genus of protozoa

babiroussa babiroussas n
babiroussa
Any large hoglike quadruped, of the genus Babyrousa, found in the East Indies, sometimes domesticated, with its upper canine teeth or tusks large and recurved.

babirusa babirusas n
babiroussa
Any of several mammals in the genus Babyrousa in the pig family Suidae, in which the upper tusk grows upward.

babka /ˈbɑb.kə/ babkas n
babka
A Central and Eastern European coffee cake flavored with orange rind, rum, almonds, and raisins; or with some single flavoring, e.g. chocolate, lemon, etc.

baboon /bəˈbuːn/ /ˌbæˈbuːn/ baboons n
babouin
An Old World monkey of the genus Papio, having dog-like muzzles and large canine teeth, cheek pouches, a short tail, and naked callosities on the buttocks. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(colloquial, derogatory) A foolish or boorish person.

baboonish more baboonish most baboonish adj
babouinesque
Like a baboon.

babouche /bəˈbuːʃ/ babouches n
babouche
A Turkish or Moroccan slipper having no heel.

baby /ˈbeɪbi/ babies n
bébé nourrisson
A very young human, particularly from birth to a couple of years old or until walking is fully mastered.
A very young human, even if not yet born.
bébé petit
Any very young animal, especially a vertebrate; many species have specific names for their babies, such as kittens for the babies of cats, puppies for the babies of dogs, and chicks for the babies of birds. See Category:Baby animals for more.
bébé
A person who is immature, infantile or feeble.
A pet project or responsibility.
benjamin benjamine
The lastborn of a family; the youngest sibling, irrespective of age.
bébé chou
A person's romantic partner; a term of endearment used to refer to or address one's girlfriend, boyfriend or spouse.
beau belle
(informal) A form of address to a person considered to be attractive.

baby /ˈbeɪbi/ v
dorloter choyer pouponner
(transitive) To coddle; to pamper somebody like an infant.

baby boom baby booms n
babyboom
(singulare tantum) The increase in the birth rate following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.

baby boomer baby boomers n
baby-boomer baby boomer bébé-boumeur bébé-boumeuse
(sometimes, capitalized) A person born in the postwar years (generally considered in the United States and other Allied countries as between 1946 and the early 1960s), when there was a marked increase in birthrates throughout the Western world following the return of servicemen at the end of World War II.

baby bottle baby bottles n
biberon
A bottle equipped with a teat, used for bottlefeeding infants.

baby boy baby boys n
bébé
A very young male human being, from birth to a couple of years old.

baby doll baby dolls n
poupon
A child's doll designed to look like a baby.
nuisette
A style of women's nightdress.

baby face /ˈbeɪbi ˌfeɪs/ /ˈbeɪbɪ feɪs/ baby faces n
gentil héros
(professional wrestling, slang) A headlining wrestler with a persona embodying heroic or virtuous traits and who is regarded as a "good guy", especially one who is handsome and well-conditioned.

baby food baby foods n
panade
A food designed for babies, usually of very soft consistency.

baby grand piano baby grand pianos n
crapaud
A small grand piano.

baby hatch baby hatches n
tour d'abandon
A place where a person (typically the mother) can bring a baby to abandon it so that somebody else can find and care for it.

baby monitor baby monitors n
babyphone
An intercom system that enables a person to remotely detect sounds of distress from a baby; a baby alarm.

baby of the family babies of the family n
benjamin benjamine
A member of an immediate family who behaves as, or is treated as though they were the youngest member of a family.

baby powder baby powders n
talc
An astringent powder used for preventing diaper rash, as a deodorant, and for other cosmetic purposes.

baby shower baby showers n
baby shower fête prénatale
A party celebrating the pending or recent birth of a child, involving guests giving gifts (typically babycare items) to the parent(s).

baby talk n
langage enfantin mamanais
(linguistics) The form of speech used by adults in talking to very young children.

baby walker baby walkers n
youpala
A device in which a baby sits in a harness within a wheeled frame that supports it whilst walking.

baby's breath baby's breaths n
gypsophile paniculée
A genus, Gypsophila, of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to Europe, Asia and north Africa.

babyhood /ˈbeɪbihʊd/ babyhoods n
enfance
The state or period of infancy.

babying babyings n
cajolerie dorlotement pouponnage
The act of coddling or pampering somebody.

babyish /ˈbeɪbiɪʃ/ more babyish most babyish adj
bébête
Like or suitable for a baby or a young child; childish

babysit /ˈbeɪ.bi.sɪt/ v
faire du [[baby-sitting]]
(ambitransitive) To watch or tend someone else's child for a period of time, often for money.

babysitter /ˈbeɪbiˌsɪtɚ/ babysitters n
baby-sitter babysitteuse bonne d’enfant gardien d’enfant gardienne d’enfant nounou
A person who cares for one or more babies or children for a short period of time in place of their legal guardians.

babysitting babysittings n
baby-sitting
The work of a babysitter; the care of children in the temporary absence of their parents or guardians.

bacampicillin n
bacampicilline

baccarat /bɑːkəˈrɑː/ /ˈbækəɹæt/ /ˈbækəɹɑː/ /ˈbɑːkəɹɑː/ n
baccara
(card games) A card game resembling chemin de fer with many forms - usually entailing the player(s) betting against two or three hands dealt - also bearing some similarities to blackjack.

bacchic more bacchic most bacchic adj
bachique
Of or relating to Bacchus

bachelor /ˈbæt͡ʃ.lɚ/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæt͡ʃ.ə.lɚ/ bachelors n
bachelor licence
The first or lowest academical degree conferred by universities and colleges; a bachelor's degree.
licence bachelor
Someone who has achieved a bachelor's degree.
célibataire
(obsolete) An unmarried woman.

bachelor pad bachelor pads n
garçonnière
(US) A nice, well-furnished dwelling where an unmarried man lives, usually by himself, but sometimes with other men.

bachelor party bachelor parties n
enterrement de vie de garçon enterrement de vie de jeune garçon
(US, Canada, South Africa) A party held for a man who is about to be married, normally attended only by male friends and relatives.

bachelor's degree bachelor's degrees n
licence
The first or lowest academic degree conferred by universities and colleges; a baccalaureate.

bachelorette /batʃələˈɹɛt/ /ˌbæt͡ʃləˈɹɛt/ bachelorettes n
célibataire demoiselle
(North America) An unmarried woman.
chambre de bonne studio
(Canada) A very small bachelor (single room) apartment.

bachelorette party bachelorette parties n
enterrement de vie de jeune fille
(US, Canada) A party held for a woman who is about to be married.

bachelorhood bachelorhoods n
célibat
The condition of being a bachelor.

bacilliform more bacilliform most bacilliform adj
bacilliforme

bacillophobia n
bacillophobie
The fear of microbes.

bacillus /bæˈsɪl.əs/ bacilli n
bacille
Any of various rod-shaped, spore-forming aerobic bacteria in the genus Bacillus, some of which cause disease.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] more back most back adj
écarté
Situated away from the main or most frequented areas.
derrière postérieur
(comparable, phonetics) Pronounced with the highest part of the body of the tongue toward the back of the mouth, near the soft palate (most often describing a vowel).

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] further back furthest back adv
de retour
(not comparable) To or in a previous condition or place.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] backs n
dos revers derrière fin fond
The rear of the body, especially the part between the neck and the end of the spine and opposite the chest and belly.
arrière
(sports) In some team sports, a position behind most players on the team.
fond arrière
That which is farthest away from the front.
revers derrière
The reverse side; the side that is not normally seen.

back /bæk/ [-k̚] [-ˀk] [bak] [bax] [bæk] v
soutenir
(transitive) To support.
arrière reculer
(nautical, of the wind) To change direction contrary to the normal pattern; that is, to shift anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere, or clockwise in the southern hemisphere.

back alley back alleys n
ruelle
An alleyway that runs behind a row of houses, or between rows of houses
couloir à lentilles entrée de service entrée des artistes porte de derrière
(slang, euphemism) The anus.

back and forth adv
aller-retour va-et-vient
From one place to another and back again.

back and forth back and forths n
va-et-vient allées et venues
The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.

back away v
faire marche arrière reculer
(intransitive) To move in a direction opposite to that which one is facing, keeping one's attention on the thing in front being avoided.

back cover back covers n
dos quatrième de couv' quatrième de couverture
The cover on the opposite side of the front cover of a book, magazine, etc; back of the book; associated with sports pages in publications.

back down v
baisser d'un ton
(idiomatic) To take a less aggressive position in a conflict than one previously has or has planned to.

back end back ends n
arrière-plan back-end
(computing) That part of a hardware or software system that is farthest from the user; the internals rather than the user interface.

back fire back fires n
contre-feu
A small, controlled fire set in the path of a larger uncontrolled fire, in order to limit the spread of the large fire by removing its fuel.

back in the day
dans le temps à l'époque
(temporal location, idiomatic, informal) In the distant past; especially, at a time fondly remembered (the good old days).

back matter n
posttexte
The parts of a book that appear after the main portion of the body text, including the afterword, index and bibliography; the end matter.

back off v
reculer
(literally) To move backwards away from something.
mettre de l'eau dans son vin
(idiomatic) To become less aggressive, particularly when one had appeared committed to act.
baisser d'un ton
(idiomatic) To lower the setting of.

back office back offices n
arrière-guichet back office

back scrubber back scrubbers n
lave-dos
A utensil in the form of a brush or a sponge on a long handle, used to scrub the back while bathing.

back seat back seats n
siège arrière
Any of the seats in the rear of a vehicle.

back the wrong horse v
miser sur le mauvais cheval
To support something or someone that later turns out to be unsuccessful.

back to back adv
dos à dos
With one's back facing that of somebody else.

back to nature adj
retour à la nature
Turning away from urban environs and attitudes, towards an organic, agrarian lifestyle.

back to square one adj
de retour à la case départ
(idiomatic) Located back at the start, as after a dead end or failure.

back to square one adv
Gros-Jean comme devant de retour à la case départ
(idiomatic) Back to the start, as after a dead end or failure.

back to the wall backs to the wall n
être dos au mur
(idiomatic) A very difficult situation with no beneficial options available for action.

back up v
faire marche arrière reculer
(idiomatic, intransitive) To move backwards, especially for a vehicle to do so.
sauvegarde sauvegarder
(idiomatic, intransitive, cricket) For a fielder to position himself behind the wicket (relative to a team-mate who is throwing the ball at the wicket) so as to stop the ball, and prevent overthrows.

back vowel back vowels n
voyelle postérieure
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the back of the mouth, such as /uː/ in rule or /əʊ/ in pole.

back-formation back-formations n
dérivation régressive rétroformation dérivation inverse
(uncountable, linguistics) The process by which a new word is formed from an older word by interpreting the former as a derivative of the latter, often by removing a morpheme (real or perceived) from the older word, such as the verb burgle, formed by removing -ar (perceived as an agent-noun suffix) from burglar.

back-of-the-envelope adj
de coin de table dos d'une enveloppe vite fait à l'arrache

back-seat driver back-seat drivers n
mouche du coche
A person sitting (typically) in the back seat of a car issuing (unsolicited and usually unwanted) instructions to the driver.
(figuratively) An opinionated person who offers (unsolicited and often unwanted) advice on the best way to handle a situation.

back-to-back /ˌbæk.təˈbæk/ adj
dos à dos
With one's back facing that of somebody else.

back-translate v
rétrotraduction
(translation studies) To translate a translated text back to the original language.

back-translation back-translations n
rétrotraduction
(translation studies, uncountable) The process of translating a previously translated document back into the original language.
(translation studies, countable) A text which has been translated in such a fashion.

backache /ˈbækeɪk/ backaches n
mal au dos
Any pain or ache in the back.

backbencher backbenchers n
député de l'arrière-ban député sans portefeuille députée sans portefeuille simple député
(politics) A Member of Parliament who does not have cabinet rank, and who therefore sits on one of the backbenches or in one of the back rows of the legislature.

backbite v
calomnier diffamer salir
To make spiteful slanderous or defamatory statements about someone.

backbone /ˈbækˌboʊn/ /ˈbækˌbəʊn/ backbones n
épine dorsale colonne vertébrale rachis
The series of vertebrae, separated by disks, that encloses and protects the spinal cord, and runs down the middle of the back in vertebrate animals.
épine dorsale
(figuratively) Any fundamental support, structure, or infrastructure.
courage
(figuratively) Courage, fortitude, or strength.

backdrop /ˈbæk.dɹɑp/ /ˈbæk.dɹɒp/ [ˈbæk.d͡ʒɹɑp] backdrops n
décor toile de fond
A decorated cloth hung at the back of a stage.

backfire /bækˈfaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈbækfaɪə(ɹ)/ v
avoir [[l']]effet inverse contrecoup subi retour de flamme se retourner contre
To fail in a manner that brings down further misfortune.

backflip /ˈbæk.flɪp/ backflips n
salto arrière
(gymnastics) An act of rotating one's body 360 degrees in the backward direction.

backgammon /ˈbæk.ɡæm.ən/ backgammons n
backgammon
A board game for two players in which each has 15 stones which move between 24 triangular points according to the roll of a pair of dice; the object is to move all of one's pieces around, and bear them off the board.

background /ˈbæk.ɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈbækɹaʊnd/ backgrounds n
origine passé
One's social heritage, or previous life; what one did in the past.
arrière-plan fond
A part of the picture that depicts scenery to the rear or behind the main subject; context.
antécédents historique
Information relevant to the current situation about past events; history.
fond arrière-plan
A less important feature of scenery (as opposed to foreground).
en arrière-plan fond d'écran tâche de fond
(computing) A type of activity on a computer that is not normally visible to the user.

background music n
musique d'ambiance
Any music played in a public space whose main function is to create an atmosphere suitable to a specific occasion, rather than to be listened to.
musique de fond musique de fosse
Any music in a film, video game, or other medium that establishes mood and is not meant to have the audience's focus.

background radiation background radiations n
rayonnement de fond
ionizing radiation that is naturally present in the environment.

backhand /ˈbækhænd/ backhands n
revers
(tennis) a stroke made across the chest from the off-hand side to the racquet hand side; a stroke during which the back of the hand faces the shot.

backhanded /ˈbækˌhændəd/ more backhanded most backhanded adj
penché à gauche
(of writing) inclining to the left

backheel backheels n
talonnade
(soccer) A kick played by the heel which typically travels in the opposite direction from which the player is facing.

backhoe /ˈbæk.həʊ/ backhoes n
rétrocaveuse tractopelle
A piece of excavating equipment consisting of a digging bucket or scoop on the end of an articulated arm, drawn backwards to move earth. Used in excavator/digger and backhoe tractors.
chargeuse-pelleteuse pépine rétrocaveuse tractopelle trax
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A multi-purpose tractor with a front-mounted loading bucket and a rear-mounted digging bucket. The tractor combines a front-end loader/loader and an excavator/digger.

backing /ˈbæk.ɪŋ(ɡ)/ backings n
plaque support
A liner or other material added behind or underneath.

backlash /ˈbækˌlæʃ/ backlashes n
retour de bâton retour de manivelle
(figurative) A negative reaction, objection or outcry, especially of a violent or abrupt nature.
jeu
(mechanics) The looseness through which one part of connected machinery, such as a wheel, gear, piston, or screw, can be moved without moving the connected parts, or a measurement of the distance moved thereby; either intentional (as allowance) or unintentional (from error or wear).Wagon wheel structure showing felk

backlight /ˈbæk.laɪt/ backlights n
contrejour
(countable) A spotlight that illuminates a photographic subject from behind.
rétroéclairage
(countable) A light attached to an LCD display.
lunette arrière
(countable) The rear window of a motor car.

backlight /ˈbæk.laɪt/ v
rétro-éclairer éclairer par derrière
(transitive) To illuminate something from behind.

backlink backlinks n
lien retour
(Internet) A hyperlink to a webpage from an external website.

backlit more backlit most backlit adj
rétro-éclairé éclairé par derrière
Lit or illuminated from behind.

backlog /ˈbæk.lɒɡ/ backlogs n
arriéré
An accumulation or buildup, especially of unfilled orders, unconsumed products or unfinished work.

backorder backorders n
réapprovisionnement

backpack /ˈbæk.pæk/ backpacks n
sac à dos
A knapsack, sometimes mounted on a light frame, but always supported by straps, worn on a person’s back for the purpose of carrying things, especially when hiking, or on a student's back when carrying books.

backpacker backpackers n
routard
A traveler whose luggage consists of a backpack; especially, such a traveler who uses hostels, public transport, and other inexpensive services.

backpedal /ˈbækˌpɛdəɫ/ v
rétropédaler
(intransitive) To pedal backwards on a bicycle.
reculer
(intransitive) To step backwards.
faire machine arrière faire marche arrière rétropédaler
(intransitive, idiomatic) To distance oneself from an earlier claim or statement; back off from an idea.

backpropagation backpropagations n
rétropropagation
(ML) An error correction technique used in neural networks.

backrest /ˈbækˌɹɛst/ backrests n
dossier
The back piece of a chair, used to support the sitter's back.

backronym /ˈbæk.ɹəˌnɪm/ backronyms n
rétro-acronyme
A word that is originally not an acronym but is turned into one by devising a full form for it, sometimes as a folk etymology, sometimes as a contrived acronym to name a new organization, proposal, or other entity.

backroom backrooms n
pièce à l'arrière
A room near the rear of a premises, especially one that is only accessible to a privileged few and can be used as an inconspicuous meeting place.

backsaw backsaws n
scie à dos
A handsaw that has a reinforcement along its back edge.

backscratcher backscratchers n
gratte-dos
A long slender rod with a rake-like device on one end, sometimes in the form of a human hand, designed to let a person scratch their own back.

backside /ˈbækˌsaɪd/ adj
backside

backside /ˈbækˌsaɪd/ backsides n
arrière
(euphemism) A person's buttocks.

backslang /ˈbækslæŋ/ backslangs n
verlan

backslash /ˈbækˌslæʃ/ backslashes n
antislash barre oblique inversée backslash contre-oblique
The punctuation mark \.

backslide v
régresser
(intransitive) To regress; to slip backwards or revert to a previous, worse state.
dédire renier revenir
(transitive) To shirk responsibility; to renege on one's obligations or commitments.

backspace /ˈbækˌspeɪs/ backspaces n
retour arrière
The key on a typewriter that moves the head one position backwards.
(computing) A keyboard key used for removing a character behind the cursor, and moving the cursor one position backwards.

backstabber /ˈbækˌstæbɚ/ backstabbers n
faux frère faux jeton hypocrite serpent
A traitor or hypocrite, such as a co-worker or friend assumed trustworthy but who figuratively attacks when one's back is turned.

backstage /bækˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ adj
coulisses
Relating to, or situated in the area behind a stage.
Secret, concealed from the public.

backstage /bækˈsteɪd͡ʒ/ backstages n
coulisses
The area behind a stage out of view of the audience where performers wait to give their show; especially that of the dressing rooms.

backstory /ˈbækˌstɔɹi/ /ˈbækˌstɔːɹi/ backstories n
toile de fond
The previous experiences and life of a person, specifically (narratology, especially in, _, film, television) a character in a dramatic work.

backstroke /ˈbækˌstɹoʊk/ backstrokes n
dos dos crawlé
(swimming) A stroke swum lying on one's back, while rotating both arms through the water as to propel the swimmer backwards.

backtalk /bæk.tɔk/ /bæk.tɔːk/ n
contradiction protestation réponse
(US) Verbal impudence or argumentative discourse, given in response.

backtalk /bæk.tɔk/ /bæk.tɔːk/ v
contredire protester répondre
(transitive) To respond to in an aggressively disputatious, often sarcastic or insolent manner.

backtrack /ˈbæk.tɹæk/ v
retourner sur ses pas revenir sur ses pas
To retrace one's steps.

backup /ˈbækˌʌp/ adj
remplaçant
Standby, reserve or extra.
de sauvegarde
(computing) That is intended as a backup.

backup /ˈbækˌʌp/ backups n
remplaçant
A reserve or substitute.
sauvegarde
(computing) A copy of a file or record, stored separately from the original, that can be used to recover the original if it is destroyed or damaged.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adj
arriéré
Reluctant or unable to advance or act.
(figuratively) Of a culture, country, practice etc., undeveloped or unsophisticated.

backward /ˈbæk.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbækwɚd/ more backward most backward adv
en arrière à reculons
In a direction opposite to the usual direction of movement.

backward compatibility backward compatibilities n
compatibilité descendante rétrocompatibilité
(software) Capability of interoperating with older systems.

backward compatible /ˌbækwɚdkəmˈpætəb(ə)l/ [ˌbækwɚdkəmˈpæɾəb(ə)l] backward compatible adj
rétrocompatible
(software) Capable of interoperating with older systems.

backwardness backwardnesses n
arriération retard
The state of being backward.

backwater backwaters n
patelin trou perdu
(idiomatic) A remote place; somewhere that remains unaffected by new events, progresses, ideas, etc.

backwater v
abandonner lâcher prise vaciller
(idiomatic) To vacillate on a long-held position.

backwoods /ˈbak.wʊdz/ n
sous-bois
Partly or wholly uncleared forest, especially in North America.

backyard /bækˈjɑːd/ backyards n
arrière-cour
(AU, Canadian, NZ, US) A yard to the rear of a house or similar residence.

bacon /ˈbeɪ.kən/ bacons n
lard lardon
Cured meat from the sides, belly, or back of a pig.

bacon and eggs n
œufs au bacon
A dish consisting of bacon and eggs, usually eaten for breakfast.

bacon rind bacon rinds n
couenne
The tough outer skin of pork or bacon; pork rind.

bacteremically adv
bactériémiquement
(very rare) By means of bacteremia

bacterial [bækˈtɪəɹiəɫ] adj
bactérien
(microbiology) Of, relating to, or caused by bacteria.

bacteriochlorophyll bacteriochlorophylls n
bactériochlorophylle
(biology) A photosynthetic pigment occurring in various phototrophic bacteria, related to the chlorophylls.

bacteriological adj
bactériologique
Of or pertaining to bacteriology.

bacteriologist /bækˌtɪəɹiˈɒlədʒɪst/ bacteriologists n
bactériologiste
A microbiologist whose speciality is bacteriology.

bacteriology /bækˌtɪəɹ.ɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ bacteriologies n
bactériologie
(biology, microbiology) The scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to disease and agriculture.

bacteriolysin bacteriolysins n
bactériolysine

bacteriolysis bacteriolyses n
bactériolyse

bacteriophage /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəʊˌfeɪd͡ʒ/ bacteriophages n
bactériophage
(microbiology, virology) A virus that specifically infects bacteria.

bacteriorhodopsin bacteriorhodopsins n
bactériorhodopsine

bacteriostatic more bacteriostatic most bacteriostatic adj
bactériostatique
Of or relating to bacteriostasis or a bacteriostat; inhibiting the growth of bacteria without destroying them.

bacterium /bækˈtɪəɹ.ɪəm/ bacteria bacteriums n
bactérie
(microbiology) A single-celled organism with cell walls but no nucleus or organelles.

baculum /ˈbæk.jə.ləm/ bacula baculums n
baculum os pénien
A bone found in the penis of some mammals.

bad /baːd/ /bæd/ /bæːd/ /bɛd/ /bɛəd/ badder baddest more bad most bad worse worst adj
mauvais mal
Unfavorable; negative; not good.
mauvais
Not suitable or fitting.
Not appropriate, of manners etc.
Unhealthy; liable to cause health problems.
Tricky; stressful; unpleasant.
mauvais méchant
(sometimes, childish) Evil; wicked.
défectueux
Faulty; not functional.
mauvaise mauvais
(of breath) Malodorous; foul.
mauvais nul
Unskilled; of limited ability; not good.
fonceur
(informal) Bold and daring.
urgent
(of a, need, want, or pain) Severe, urgent.

bad /baːd/ /bæd/ /bæːd/ /bɛd/ /bɛəd/ bads n
faute gaffe
(slang, with possessive determiner) Error; mistake.

bad apple bad apples n
mauvaise graine
(idiomatic, often, in the plural) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy, especially one who has an adverse influence on others.

bad breath bad breaths n
mauvaise haleine
breath that produces an unpleasant or foul-smelling odor when exhaled

bad debt bad debts n
créance douteuse créance irrécouvrable
(business, accounting) A debt which cannot be recovered from the debtor, either because the debtor lacks the money to pay or because the debtor cannot be found and/or forced to pay.

bad egg /ˈbæd ɛɡ/ bad eggs n
bandit délinquant malfrat
(Britain, US, idiomatic) Someone whose behaviour is reprehensible or irresponsible; a rogue.

bad faith n
mauvaise foi
(legal) Intent to deceive or mislead another to gain some advantage; dishonesty or fraud in a transaction (such as knowingly misrepresenting the quality of something that is being bought or sold).

bad guy bad guys n
mauvais garçon méchant
(informal) a villain, particularly an antagonist in a story

bad joke bad jokes n
travail d'Arabe
(idiomatic) A situation that is badly planned, or illogical.

bad language n
gros mots
Profanity.

bad luck n
malchance poisse guigne guignon manque de bol manque de cul
(uncountable) An undesirable turn of events (such as an accident); misfortune.

bad manners n
mauvaises manières
The treatment of other people in an impolite or discourteous way, or incorrect behaviour in public.

bad news n
mauvaises nouvelles
News of unpleasant, unfortunate or sad events.
casse-pied emmerdement emmerdeur fouteur de merde
(idiomatic) An irritating, troublesome or harmful thing, situation or person.

bad press n
mauvaise presse

bad things come in threes proverb
jamais deux sans trois
If an unfortunate event has already occurred twice, a third unfortunate event is likely to occur.

bad trip bad trips n
bad trip mauvais délire mauvais voyage
(slang, drug use) An acute adverse psychological reaction to effects produced under the influence of psychoactive substances, namely hallucinogens.

bad weather n
temps de chien gros temps mauvais temps temps de cochon temps de loup temps à ne pas mettre un chien dehors
(This entry is a translation hub.)

bad-tempered more bad-tempered most bad-tempered worse-tempered worst-tempered adj
acariâtre irascible revêche
Of or pertaining to bad temper; showing anger easily or customarily.

badass /bædˈæs/ /ˈbædæs/ /ˈbædˌæs/ more badass most badass adj
dur à cuire
(US, sometimes considered, _, vulgar, slang, positive connotation) Having an extreme appearance, attitude, or behavior that is considered admirable.

badass /bædˈæs/ /ˈbædæs/ /ˈbædˌæs/ badasses n
connard connasse
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, negative connotation) A belligerent or mean person; a person with an unpleasantly extreme appearance, attitudes, or behavior.
dur à cuire tête warrior
(US, sometimes considered vulgar, slang, positive connotation) A person considered impressive due to courage, skill, daring, audacity, and/or toughness.

baddie /ˈbædi/ baddies n
méchant
(informal) A person of bad character, especially in a work of fiction.

badge /bæd͡ʒ/ badges n
insigne décoration macaron plaque
A distinctive mark, token, sign, emblem or cognizance, worn on one's clothing, as an insignia of some rank, or of the membership of an organization.
Something characteristic; a mark; a token.
(heraldry) A distinctive mark worn by servants, retainers, and followers of royalty or nobility, who, being beneath the rank of gentlemen, have no right to armorial bearings.
badge porte-nom
A small nameplate, identifying the wearer, and often giving additional information.
badge carte d'accès
A card, sometimes with a barcode or magnetic strip, granting access to a certain area.

badger /ˈbæd͡ʒə/ /ˈbæd͡ʒɚ/ badgers n
blaireau
Any mammal of three subfamilies, which belong to the family Mustelidae: Melinae (Eurasian badgers), Mellivorinae (ratel or honey badger), and Taxideinae (American badger).

badger /ˈbæd͡ʒə/ /ˈbæd͡ʒɚ/ v
beurrer la raie casser les couilles emmerder les briser taper sur le système
To pester; to annoy persistently; to press.

badinage /ˌbæd.ɪ.ˈnɑːdʒ/ /ˌbæd.ɪˈnɑːʒ/ /ˌbɑd.ɪˈnɑʒ/ v
badiner
To engage in badinage or playful banter.

badlands /ˈbæd.lændz/ badlands n
Mauvaises Terres badlands
(geomorphology) An arid terrain characterized by severe erosion of sedimentary rocks.

badly /ˈbæd.li/ worse worst adv
mal mauvaisement
In a bad manner.

badminton /ˈbæd.mɪn.tən/ badmintons n
badminton
(uncountable) A racquet sport played indoors on a court by two opposing players (singles) or two opposing pairs of players (doubles), in which a shuttlecock is volleyed over a net and the competitions are presided by an umpire in British English and a referee in American English.

badminton player badminton players n
joueur de badminton joueuse de badminton badiste
A person who plays badminton, especially professionally.

badmouth /ˈbæd.maʊθ/ v
débiner dénigrer déprécier
(informal, transitive) To criticize or malign, especially unfairly or spitefully.

baffle /ˈbæfl̩/ v
déconcerter dérouter
To bewilder completely; to confuse or perplex. [from 17th c.]

baffled /ˈbæfl̩d/ more baffled most baffled adj
déconcerté décontenancé dérouté perplexe
Thoroughly confused, puzzled

baffling more baffling most baffling adj
déconcertant
Puzzling, perplexing, bewildering.

bag /ˈbeɪɡ/ /ˈbæɡ/ /ˈbæːɡ/ /ˈbɛɡ/ bags n
sachet cornet sac
A container made of leather, plastic, or other material, usually with a handle or handles, in which you carry personal items, or clothes or other things that you need for travelling. Includes shopping bags, schoolbags, suitcases, briefcases, handbags, backpacks, etc.
tasse de thé truc
(colloquial) One's preference.
bique mégère
(derogatory) An ugly woman.
sac cornet poche
(countable, uncountable) In certain phrases: money.

bag /ˈbeɪɡ/ /ˈbæɡ/ /ˈbæːɡ/ /ˈbɛɡ/ v
ensacher
(transitive) To put into a bag.
attraper choper
(informal) To catch or kill, especially when fishing or hunting.
attraper choper mettre la main
To gain possession of something, or to make first claim on something.
attraper choper se la péter
(transitive) To take with oneself, to assume into one's score
(transitive, medicine) To fit with a bag to collect urine.
pendre
To hang like an empty bag.
pendre se la péter
(obsolete, ambitransitive) To (cause to) swell or hang down like a full bag.
éclater de rire
(slang, African American Vernacular) To laugh uncontrollably.

bag and baggage adv
avec armes et bagages
(chiefly, UK) With all one's possessions.

bag of bones bags of bones n
paquet d'os sac d'os
(idiomatic) A skinny, malnourished person or animal.

bag snatcher bag snatchers n
voleur à l'arrachée voleuse à l'arrachée
(UK, Australia) A thief who snatches a handbag, shoulder bag, rucksack, etc., from the person carrying it.

bag valve mask bag valve masks n
BAVU ballon autoremplisseur à valve unidirectionnelle

bagasse /bəˈɡæs/ bagasses n
bagasse
The residue from processing sugar cane after the juice is extracted.

bagatelle /ˌbæɡəˈtɛl/ bagatelles n
bagatelle broutille
A trifle; an insubstantial thing.

bagel /ˈbeɪ.ɡəl/ /ˈbæɡ.əl/ /ˈbæɪ.ɡəl/ /ˈbɛɡl̩/ [ˈbaɡ.ɫ̩] [ˈbeɪ.ɡɫ̩] [ˈbeː.ɡɫ̩] [ˈbæɡ.l̩] [ˈbæɪ.ɡl̩] [ˈbɛː.ɡɫ̩] bagels n
bagel baguel beguel
A toroidal bread roll that is boiled before it is baked.

baggage claim baggage claims n
retrait des bagages
(US) The designated location for receiving checked luggage, such as the baggage carousels at an airport.

baggage handler baggage handlers n
bagagiste

bagna cauda /ˌbɑːnjə ˈkaʊdə/ n
bagna caoda bagna cauda bagna caôda
A hot Piedmontese dip made from salted anchovies, olive oil and garlic.

bagpiper bagpipers n
cornemuseur
One who plays the bagpipes.

bagpipes /ˈbæɡ.pɑɪps/ n
cornemuse
A musical wind instrument possessing a flexible bag inflated by bellows, a double-reed melody pipe and up to four drone pipes; any aerophone that produces sound using air from a reservoir to vibrate enclosed reeds.

baguette /bæˈɡɛt/ baguettes n
baguette
A variety of bread that is long and narrow in shape.

baht /bɑːt/ baht bahts n
baht
The official currency of Thailand, equal to 100 satang.

bahuvrihi /bahuːˈvɹiːhi/ bahuvrihis n
bahuvrihi
(grammar, also, _, attributive) A type of nominal compound in which the first part modifies the second and neither part alone conveys the intended meaning.

baiji /ˈbaɪd͡ʒi/ baiji baijis n
baiji dauphin de Chine dauphin du Yangzi
A freshwater dolphin (†Lipotes vexillifer), only found in the Yangtze River. Declared functionally extinct in 2006.

bail /beɪl/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] bails n
caution
(uncountable) Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that person's appearance for trial.
(legal, UK) The person providing such payment.
anse
A hoop, ring or handle (especially of a kettle or bucket).
liberté sous caution libération sous caution
(legal, UK) Release from imprisonment on payment of such money.
écope
A bucket or scoop used for removing water from a boat etc.

bail /beɪl/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
écoper
To set free; to deliver; to release.

bail bond bail bonds n
caution
(US) A surety, used to obtain the release of a criminal defendant who has been required to give bail.

bail out v
cautionner
(transitive) To secure the release of an arrested person by providing bail money.
écoper
(transitive, nautical) To remove water from a boat by scooping it out.
renflouer
(transitive, idiomatic) To rescue, especially financially.
sauter
(intransitive, usually with of) To exit an aircraft while in flight.
déguerpir mettre les bouts se barrer se tailler se tirer
(intransitive, idiomatic, slang, with of) To leave (or not attend at all) a place or a situation, especially quickly or when the situation has become undesirable.

bailer bailers n
écope
A utensil, as a bucket or cup, used in bailing; a machine for bailing water out of a pit.

bailiff /ˈbeɪlɪf/ bailiffs n
huissier huissier de justice
(historical, Norman term) A reeve, (specifically) the chief officer executing the decisions of any English court in the period following the Norman Conquest or executing the decisions of lower courts in the late medieval and early modern period.

bailival adj
baillival

bailiwick /ˈbeɪ.lɪ.wɪk/ bailiwicks n
bailliage
The district within which a bailie or bailiff has jurisdiction.
autorité bailliage compétence
A person's concern or sphere of operations, their area of skill or authority.

bait /beɪt/ baits n
appât
Any substance, especially food, used in catching fish, or other animals, by alluring them to a hook, snare, trap, or net.
Food containing poison or a harmful additive to kill animals that are pests.
leurre appât
Anything which allures; something used to lure or entice someone or something into doing something

bait /beɪt/ v
appâter
(transitive) To attract with bait; to entice.

baize /beɪz/ baizes n
serge drap de billard
A thick, soft, usually woolen cloth resembling felt; often colored green and used for coverings on card tables, billiard and snooker tables, etc.

bajocco bajocchi bajoccos n
baïoque
(archaic, historical) A coin, originally copper, later silver, issued by the Papal States from the 15th century to 1865. In the 19th century the value was five hundredths of a lira.

bak kut teh n
bak kut teh
A pork rib dish cooked in broth popularly served in Malaysia and Singapore.

bake /beɪk/ v
cuire
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ditransitive, with person as subject) To cook (something) in an oven (for someone).
(intransitive, with baked thing as subject) To be cooked in an oven.

baked /beɪkt/ more baked most baked adj
cuit cuit au four
That has been cooked by baking.

baked Alaska /beɪkt əˈlaskə/ /ˌbeɪkt əˈlæskə/ baked Alaskas n
omelette norvégienne
A dessert consisting of ice cream encased in cake and meringue and briefly baked. [from 19th c.]

baked potato baked potatoes n
pomme de terre au four pomme de terre en robe des champs
A potato that has been baked for eating.

bakehouse /ˈbeɪkhaʊs/ bakehouses n
fournil
A building or an apartment used for the preparing and baking of bread and other baked goods.

baker /ˈbeɪ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈbeɪ.kɚ/ bakers n
boulanger boulangère
A person who bakes and sells bread, cakes and similar items.

baker's dozen /ˌbeɪkəz ˈdʌzən/ /ˌbeɪkəɹz ˈdʌzən/ [- ˈdʌzn̩] [ˌbeɪkɚz ˈdʌzn̩] baker's dozens bakers' dozens n
treizaine
(idiomatic) Thirteen; a group of thirteen. [from 1590s]

bakery /ˈbeɪ.kə.ɹi/ /ˈbeɪk.ɹi/ bakeries n
boulangerie
A place in which bread (and often other baked goods such as cakes) is baked and/or sold.

bakfiets /ˈbækfiːts/ /ˈbækfiːtsən/ /ˈbækˌfits/ /ˈbækˌfitsən/ /ˈbɑk-/ bakfietsen bakfietses n
triporteur
(cycling, originally in the Netherlands) A bicycle or tricycle with a long wheelbase between the front wheel and handlebars holding a large box, originally used solely to transport goods but now also commonly for carrying young children.

baking /ˈbeɪkɪŋ(ɡ)/ bakings n
cuisson
An action in which something is baked.

baking paper n
papier cuisson
Synonym of parchment paper

baking powder baking powders n
levure chimique
A dry leavening agent used in baking; a mixture of baking soda, an acid (often cream of tartar) and starch to keep it dry; when wetted, carbon dioxide is released.

baking soda baking sodas n
bicarbonate de soude
Sodium bicarbonate.

baking tray baking trays n
plaque à four
(cookware) An oven-proof metal tray used to hold foods in the oven.

baklava /bəˈklɑː.və/ /ˈbæk.lə.və/ /ˈbɑk.lə.və/ /ˈbɑk.ləˌvɑː/ baklavas n
baklava
A sweet pastry found in many cuisines of the Middle East and the Balkans, made of chopped nuts layered with phyllo pastry. [since c. 1650; modern spelling since 1800s]

baksheesh /bækˈʃiːʃ/ baksheeshes n
bakchich
In the Middle East or southwest Asia: a bribe or tip.

balaclava /ˌbæl.əˈklɑː.və/ /ˌbɑː.ləˈklɑː.və/ balaclavas n
cagoule passe-montagne
A type of warm headgear covering the neck, head, and often part of the face, with apertures left as necessary, often made out of wool.

balafon balafons n
balafon
A wooden-keyed percussion idiophone of West Africa that is struck with two padded sticks.

balalaika /bæləˈlaɪkə/ balalaikas balalaiki n
balalaïka
A plucked stringed instrument with a triangular body, short neck and three strings, of Russian origin.

balance /ˈbæləns/ balances n
contrepoids
(literally, or, figuratively) Something of equal weight used to provide equilibrium; counterweight.
équilibre
(uncountable) Apparent harmony in art (between differing colours, sounds, etc.).
solde
(accounting) A list accounting for the debits on one side, and for the credits on the other.
(accounting) The result of such a procedure; the difference between credit and debit of an account.
balancier
(watchmaking) A device used to regulate the speed of a watch, clock etc.

balance /ˈbæləns/ v
apurer
(transitive) To make the credits and debits of (an account) correspond.

balance beam balance beams n
poutre
(gymnastics) A gymnastics apparatus, a narrow wooden rail used in artistic (athletic) gymnastics.

balance bicycle balance bicycles n
draisienne draisiennes

balance of payments balances of payments n
balance des paiements
A measure of all flows of money into and out of a country including payments for goods and services and capital flows.

balance of power balances of power n
équilibre des pouvoirs
(politics, government) A situation of equilibrium in which no country is powerful enough to control, or threaten the interests of, the others.

balance of probabilities balances of probabilities n
prépondérance de la preuve
(legal) A legal standard, applied in many jurisdictions for deciding the outcome of civil disputes, which requires that a dispute be decided in favor of the party whose claims are more likely to be true.

balance of terror n
équilibre de la terreur
(historical) The tenuous peace that existed during the nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War.

balance of trade balances of trade n
balance commerciale
(economics, trade) The difference between the monetary value of exports and imports in an economy over a certain period of time.

balance sheet balance sheets n
bilan
(accounting) A summary of a person's or organization's assets, liabilities and equity as of a specific date.

balanced /ˈbælənst/ more balanced most balanced adj
équilibré
Containing elements in appropriate proportion; proportionately weighted on all dimensions and therefore unlikely to tip over.

balanephagous /bæləˈniːfəɡəs/ adj
balanophage

balanic /bəˈlænɪk/ adj
balanique
Relating to the glans penis or to the glans clitoridis

balanitis /ˌbæl.əˈnaɪ.tɪs/ balanitides n
balanite
(disease) Inflammation of the glans penis.

balano- prefix
balano-
(anatomy) Relating to the glans.

balanoid more balanoid most balanoid adj
balanoïde

balanoplasty balanoplasties n
balanoplastie

balanoposthitis n
balanoposthite
An inflammation of the glans penis and the prepuce.

balanopreputial adj
balanopréputial

balas-ruby balas-rubies n
rubis balais
A rose-coloured spinel once thought to be a type of ruby.

balcony /bælˈkəʊni/ /ˈbælkəni/ balconies n
balcon
(architectural element) An accessible structure extending from a building, especially outside a window.
An accessible structure overlooking a stage or the like.

balcony bra balcony bras n
balconnet
A half-cup bra, generally with a low horizontal cut, designed to be worn under a low-cut top.

bald /bɑld/ /bɔld/ /bɔːld/ /bəʊld/ [bɒʊld] [bɔːɫd] balder baldest adj
chauve
Having no hair, fur or feathers.
lisse chauve
Of tyres: whose surface is worn away.

bald eagle bald eagles n
pygargue à tête blanche
Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a species of eagle native to North America and notable for the white plumage on its head.

bald spot bald spots n
calvitie
An area on the head which, due to hair loss, has little or no hair.

bald-faced more bald-faced most bald-faced adj
effronté
(figurative) Shameless and undisguised.

baldacchin /ˈbaldəkɪn/ /ˈbældəkɪn/ baldacchins n
baldaquin
(countable) A canopy suspended over an altar or throne, originally made of this fabric; a ciborium.

balderdash /ˈbɔːldə.dæʃ/ n
bêtises calembredaines carabistouilles
Senseless talk or writing; nonsense.

baldmoney /ˈbɔːldˌmʌni/ n
fenouil des Alpes baudremoine cerfeuil des Alpes fenouil de montagne méum
Meum athamanticum, an ornamental plant in the Apiaceae family.

baldness baldnesses n
calvitie
The condition or state of being (or becoming) bald.

baldric /ˈbɔːldɹɪk/ [ˈbɔːɫdɹɪk] baldrics n
baudrier
A broad belt used to hold a sword, sometimes richly ornamented, worn diagonally from shoulder to hip (across the breast, and under the opposite arm); less properly, any belt. [from c. 1300]

baldy /ˈbɔːl.di/ baldies n
chauve crâne d’œuf
(informal, derogatory) Someone who is bald.

bale /beɪ̯l/ [beə̯ɫ] [ˈbeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] bales n
ballot
A rounded bundle or package of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for storage or transportation.
botte
A bundle of compressed fibers (especially hay, straw, cotton, or wool), compacted for shipping and handling and bound by twine or wire.
A measurement of hay equal to 10 flakes. Approximately 70-90 lbs (32-41 kg).

baleen /bəˈliːn/ /ˈbeɪliːn/ baleens n
fanon
(physiology, uncountable) The keratinous material that makes up the plates in the mouth of the baleen whale, Mysticeti, which it uses to trap its food; formerly used in corsetry.

baleen whale baleen whales n
baleine à fanons
Any of several large whales, of the suborder Mysticeti, that have plates of whalebone instead of teeth

baleful /ˈbeɪl.fəl/ more baleful most baleful adj
sinistre
Portending evil; ominous.

balk /bɑk/ /bɔk/ /bɔːk/ /bɔːlk/ balks n
raie
(archaeology) The wall of earth at the edge of an excavation.

balk /bɑk/ /bɔk/ /bɔːk/ /bɔːlk/ v
regimber

ball /bɒl/ /bɔl/ /bɔːl/ balls n
balle boule ballon
A solid or hollow sphere, or roughly spherical mass.
pelote
A quantity of string, thread, etc., wound into a spherical shape.
bal balle
A formal dance.
boule ballon
(mathematics) The set of points in a metric space of any number of dimensions lying within a given distance (the radius) of a given point.
balle boulet
(ballistics, firearms) A solid, spherical nonexplosive missile for a cannon, rifle, gun, etc.
balle
(baseball, countable) A pitch that falls outside of the strike zone.
bille
(pinball, countable) An opportunity to launch the pinball into play.
burne conneries couille glaoui idioties rouston
(mildly, vulgar, slang, usually, in the plural) A testicle.
couilles
(in the plural) Courage.
balle ballon
(printing, historical) A leather-covered cushion, fastened to a handle called a ballstock; formerly used by printers for inking the form, then superseded by the roller.

ball /bɒl/ /bɔl/ /bɔːl/ v
débroussailler la tranchée faire une partie de jambes en l’air forniquer tirer son coup
(transitive, vulgar) To have sexual intercourse with.

ball and chain balls and chains n
boulet
A heavy iron ball attached to a prisoner's leg by a chain as a means of restraint.

ball bearing ball bearings n
roulement à billes roulement mécanique
(loosely, often) An individual spherical ball, usually made of steel or other hard material, suitable for use in a ball-based rolling element bearing. In precise usage, each such ball is called a bearing ball or simply ball, and the entire bearing is called the ball bearing.

ball boy ball boys n
ramasseur de balles
(sports) A person, usually male, responsible for retrieving balls from the area of play, and returning them to the players.

ball game /ˈbɔːl ˌɡeɪm/ ball games n
jeu de ballon jeu de balle
A specific contest or match between teams playing such a game, in particular a baseball game.
jeu de balle
(historical) A sport played in the Aztec and Mayan civilizations; Mesoamerican ballgame.
problème question sujet
(figurative) Affair, issue, matter, subject, story, topic.

ball girl ball girls n
ramasseuse de balles
(sports) A female responsible for getting the balls from off the area of play to the players.

ball hockey n
hockey-balle

ball lightning ball lightnings n
foudre en boule boule de feu
A short-lived glowing ball sometimes observed to float in the air and thought to consist of ionized gas associated with thunderstorms.

ball pit ball pits n
piscine à boules
A play area for children consisting of a pit filled with colourful plastic balls.

ball sack ball sacks n
bourses scrotum
The scrotum.

ball-and-socket joint ball-and-socket joints n
rotule
A joint in which one segment has a rounded end and the next segment has a bowl-shaped end, with the rounded end being fitted into the bowl shape, allowing the first segment to move around an indefinite number of axes which have one common center. Examples include the human shoulder joint and the balljoints of some automotive suspensions.

ball-breaker ball-breakers n
brise-burnes casse-couilles enquiquineur orchidoclaste
(US, idiomatic, vulgar) A person or task which is excessively demanding or punishing.

ballad /ˈbæləd/ /ˈbælɪt/ ballads n
ballade
A kind of narrative poem, adapted for recitation or singing; especially, a sentimental or romantic poem in short stanzas.
A slow romantic song.

ballast /ˈbæl.əst/ ballasts n
lest
(nautical) Heavy material that is placed in the hold of a ship (or in the gondola of a balloon), to provide stability.
ballast remblai
Coarse gravel or similar material laid to form a bed for roads or railroads, or in making concrete; track ballast.
ballast
(countable, electricity, electronics) device used for stabilizing current in an electric circuit (e.g. in a tube lamp supply circuit)

ballast /ˈbæl.əst/ v
ballaster
To stabilize or load a ship with ballast.

ballerina /ˌbæləɹˈiːnə/ ballerinas ballerine n
ballerine
(commonly) A female ballet dancer.
(less common, non-standard) A male ballet dancer; Synonym of ballerino

ballet /bælˈeɪ/ /bælˈæɪ/ /bɐleː/ /bɐlɪː/ /bɛlˈæɪ/ /ˈbal.eɪ/ /ˈbal.ɪ/ /ˈbæl(ˌ)eɪ/ ballets n
ballet
A classical form of dance.
A theatrical presentation of such dancing, usually with music, sometimes in the form of a story.
The company of persons who perform this dance.

ballet flat ballet flats n
ballerine
A type of women's flat with a very low heel, thin sole, and round toe.

ballet master ballet masters n
maître de ballet

balletomane /bæˈlɛt.əˌmeɪn/ /bəˈlɛt.əˌmeɪn/ balletomanes n
balletomane
A ballet enthusiast.

ballista /bəˈlɪstə/ ballistae ballistas ballistæ n
baliste
(weaponry, historical) An ancient military engine, in the form of a crossbow, used for hurling large missiles.

ballistic /bəˈlɪs.tɪk/ more ballistic most ballistic adj
balistique
(not comparable) Of or relating to ballistics.

ballistic missile ballistic missiles n
missile balistique
(military, rocketry) A missile that is initially guided, but then follows a ballistic (freely falling) trajectory.

ballistics /bəˈlɪst.ɪks/ n
balistique
(physics) The science of objects that predominantly fly under the effects of gravity, momentum and atmospheric drag, and dealing with details of their behaviour at the origin and destination of their flight, as of bullets or missiles or rockets.

ballistite /ˈbæl.əˌstaɪt/ n
balistite

balloon /bəˈlun/ /bəˈluːn/ balloons n
ballon montgolfière
An inflatable buoyant object, often (but not necessarily) round and flexible.
Such an object designed to transport people or equipment through the air.
ballon ballon de baudruche ballon en baudruche ballon gonflable
Such an object as a child’s toy or party decoration.

balloonist balloonists n
ballonniste
A person who flies in balloons, especially in hot-air balloons.

ballot /ˈbælət/ ballots n
bulletin de vote bulletin
Originally, a small ball placed in a container to cast a vote; now, by extension, a piece of paper or card used for this purpose, or some other means used to signify a vote.
votation
The process of voting, especially in secret; a round of voting.

ballot box ballot boxes n
urne urne électorale
A sealed box with a slit, into which a voter puts a completed voting slip.

ballot paper ballot papers n
bulletin de vote
A voting form; the paper upon which a vote is cast during a ballot.

ballpark figure ballpark figures n
évaluation approximative
(chiefly, US, idiomatic) An educated guess or estimation within acceptable bounds.

ballpoint pen ballpoint pens n
stylo à bille crayon à bille bic
A pen, similar in size and shape to a pencil, having an internal chamber filled with a viscous, quick-drying ink that is dispensed at the tip during use by the rolling action of a metal sphere (around 0.7 mm to 1 mm in diameter).

ballroom /ˈbɔːlɹuːm/ /ˈbɔːlɹʊm/ ballrooms n
salle de bal
A large room used for dancing and banquets.
danse de salon
A type of elegant dance.

balls /bɔːlz/ adv
putain de
(slang) Very. Intensifier.

balls /bɔːlz/ n
couilles balloches burnes roustons valseuses
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Masculinity, particularly strength, courage, and force of will; chutzpah; brazenness.
balloches burnes couilles roustons valseuses
(uncountable, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, Hawaii) Synonym of bollocks, nonsense.
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, Hawaii, vulgar) A balls-up; a botched job.

ballsiness n
courage hardiesse
(vulgar, slang) The condition of being ballsy; courage.

ballsy /ˈbɔlzi/ ballsier ballsiest adj
burné couillu
(vulgar, colloquial) Tough and courageous; having balls.

ballyhoo /bæliˈhuː/ ballyhoos n
battage
Sensational or clamorous advertising or publicity.
aiguillette
Certain species in family Hemiramphidae, inshore, surface-dwelling needlefish forming sizeable schools.

balmy /ˈbɑlmi/ /ˈbɑmi/ /ˈbɑː.mi/ /ˈbɔmi/ balmier balmiest adj
embaumant suave
Soothing or fragrant.
agréable doux
Of weather, mild and pleasant.
bizarre cintré fou
(informal, US) Foolish; slightly crazy or mad; eccentric.

balneatory adj
balnéatoire

balneological adj
balnéologique

balneology balneologies n
balnéologie
The study of baths and bathing, especially therapeutic bathing.

balneotherapy balneotherapies n
balnéothérapie
The treatment of disease by bathing.

balrog /ˈbal.ɹɒɡ/ /ˈbæl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɑl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɔl.ɹɑɡ/ /ˈbɔːl.ɹɒɡ/ balrogs n
balrog
(fantasy) A fiery demonic creature.

balsa /ˈbæl.sə/ /ˈbɑlsə/ /ˈbɔːl.sə/ balsas n
balsa
A large tree, Ochroma pyramidale, native to tropical America, with wood that is very light in weight.
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

balsam /ˈbɔːlsəm/ balsams n
pommade
(chiefly, UK) A sweet-smelling oil or resin derived from various plants.
baume
(chiefly, UK) A soothing ointment.
balsamine
A flowering plant of the genus Impatiens.

balsam fir balsam firs n
sapin baumier
A North American species of fir tree (Abies balsamea).

balsam of Peru n
baume du Pérou

balsamic vinegar balsamic vinegars n
vinaigre balsamique
A dark, sweet vinegar, made from reduced white wine, that has been matured in wooden barrels, the resins of which contribute to its flavour; especially such a vinegar from Modena in Italy.

balun baluns n
balun
An electronic device for connecting a balanced transmission line to an unbalanced one.

baluster /ˈbæl.ʌ.stɹ/ balusters n
balustre
(architecture) A short column used in a group to support a rail, as commonly found on the side of a stairway; a banister. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

balustrade /ˈbæl.ə.stɹeɪd/ /ˌbæl.əˈstɹeɪd/ balustrades n
balustrade
A row of balusters topped by a rail, serving as an open parapet, as along the edge of a balcony, terrace, bridge, staircase, or the eaves of a building.

bamboo /bæmˈbu/ adj
de bambou bambou
Made of the wood of the bamboo.

bamboo /bæmˈbu/ bamboos n
bambou
(uncountable) The wood of the bamboo plant as a material for building, furniture, etc.
(slang) A didgeridoo.

bamboo antshrike bamboo antshrikes n
batara des bambous
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae

bamboo rat bamboo rats n
rat des bambous
Any of the four species of burrowing rodents in the spalacid tribe Rhizomyini, found in China and southeast Asia

bamboo shoot bamboo shoots n
pousses de bambou
(chiefly, in the plural) The edible shoot of any of several species of bamboo (especially of the genera Dendrocalamus and Phyllostachys), cooked and eaten as a vegetable in Chinese and similar cuisine.

bamboolike more bamboolike most bamboolike adj
bambusacé

bamboozle /bæm.ˈbuː.zl̩/ v
embrouiller enfumer moquer
(transitive, informal) To con, defraud, trick, to make a fool of, to humbug or impose on someone.

ban /bæn/ [beən] [bɛən] bans n
interdiction prohibition
Prohibition.

ban /bæn/ [beən] [bɛən] v
interdire proscrire
(transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.

banal /bəˈnæl/ /bəˈnɑːl/ /ˈbeɪnəl/ banaler banalest more banal most banal adj
banal
Common in a boring way, to the point of being predictable; containing nothing new or fresh.
(uncommon, historical) Relating to a type of feudal jurisdiction or service.

banality /beɪˈnælɪti/ /bəˈnælɪti/ banalities n
banalité
(uncountable) The quality of being banal.
(countable) Something which is banal.

banalize v
banaliser
(transitive) To make banal or commonplace.

banana /bəˈnæ.nə/ /bəˈnɑː.nə/ bananas n
banane bananier
An elongated curved tropical fruit of a banana plant, which grows in bunches and has a creamy flesh and a smooth skin.
bananier banane
The tropical tree-like plant which bears clusters of bananas, a plant of the genus Musa (but sometimes also including plants from Ensete), which has large, elongated leaves.

banana peel banana peels n
peau de banane
(Canadian, US, Philippines) The several outermost layers of a banana, especially once removed from the rest of the banana, which may be slippery if stepped on. (This sense is a translation hub.)

banana republic banana republics n
république bananière
(politics, idiom, pejorative) A small country, especially one in Central America or the West Indies, that is dependent on a single export commodity (traditionally bananas) and that has a corrupt, dictatorial government.

banana split /bə.ˈnæ.nə splɪt/ /bə.ˈnɑː.nə splɪt/ banana splits n
banane Melba
A dessert or sundae containing a banana cut in half lengthwise (split), ice cream and various toppings which may include sauces, nuts or fruit.

bananaquit bananaquits n
sucrier à ventre jaune
A nectar-feeding bird, Coereba flaveola, thought to be related to the Darwin's finches and the grassquits.

band /bænd/ [beənd] bands n
groupe bande
A group of people loosely united for a common purpose (a band of thieves).
(Canada) A group of aboriginals that has official recognition as an organized unit by the federal government of Canada.
bande
(anthropology) A small group of people living in a simple society, contrasted with tribes, chiefdoms, and states.

band /bænd/ [beənd] v
baguer
(transitive, ornithology) To fasten an identifying band around the leg of (a bird).

band chief band chiefs n
chef de bande
The chief elected officer of an Indian band in Canada. The chairperson of the band council for an Indian band. Roughly equivalent to a mayor in non-indigenous local government.

band-aid /ˈbændeɪd/ band-aids n
pansement sparadrap
(Australia, Canada, US) An adhesive bandage, a small piece of fabric or plastic that may be stuck to the skin in order to temporarily cover a small wound.

band-tailed antshrike band-tailed antshrikes n
batara de Cayenne
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Sakesphorus melanothorax.

bandage /ˈbændɪd͡ʒ/ bandages n
bandage pansement
A strip of gauze or similar material used to protect or support a wound or injury.

bandage /ˈbændɪd͡ʒ/ v
panser
To apply a bandage to something.

banded /ˈbændɪd/ adj
fascié rayé
Marked with bands of colour.

banded mongoose banded mongoose banded mongooses n
mangouste rayée
A mongoose of the species Mungos mungo, commonly found in the central and eastern parts of Africa.

banderilla /ˌbæn.də.ˈɹiː.jə/ banderillas n
banderille
(bullfighting) A decorated barbed stick used in bullfighting to stick into the bulls' shoulders.

banderillero /ˌbændəɹiːˈjeəɹəʊ/ banderilleros n
banderillero bandérilléro
(bullfighting) A member of the cuadrilla who uses banderillas.

bandicoot /ˈbændiˌkut/ /ˈbændɪˌkuːt/ bandicoots n
bandicoot péramélidé
A small Australian marsupial with a distinctive long snout, of the family Peramelidae (with the exception of genus Macrotis, called bilbies).

bandit /ˈbændɪt/ bandits n
bandit bandite voleur voleuse
One who robs others in a lawless area, especially as part of a group.

banditry banditries n
banditisme
Acts characteristic of a bandit; armed robbery.

bandmaster bandmasters n
chef d'orchestre chef de musique
(music) The conductor of a musical ensemble, especially a brass or military band.

bandolier /ˌbændəˈlɪə/ /ˌbændəˈlɪɹ/ bandoliers n
bandoulière cartouchière ceinture à munitions
An ammunition belt, worn over the shoulder, having loops or pockets for cartridges.

bandoneon bandoneons n
bandonéon
(musical instruments) A small Latin American accordion played with buttons which is frequently used in tango ensembles.

bandsaw bandsaws n
scie à ruban
A powered saw whose blade is a continuous band of metal with teeth along one edge.

bandstand /ˈbænd.stænd/ bandstands n
kiosque kiosque à musique
A small, open-air platform or enclosure for bands to play on, usually roofed.

bandura /bænˈduɹə/ /bænˈdʊəɹə/ banduras n
bandoura bandura
A Ukrainian plucked stringed instrument with a tear-shaped body, like an asymmetrical lute or a vertical zither, which is played with both hands while held upright on the lap.

bandurria bandurrias n
bandurria
A plectrum-plucked stringed instrument with a flat-backed pear-shaped body, with twelve strings in six courses in its most common modern form, originating in Spain.

bandwidth /ˈbændwɪdθ/ /ˈbændwɪtθ/ bandwidths n
bande passante
(of a signal) The width of the smallest frequency band within which the signal can fit.
bande passante débit
(networking, informal) The rate of data flow in digital networks typically measured in bits per second; the bitrate.

bandy /ˈbændi/ bandies n
bandy
(sports, uncountable) A winter sport played on ice, from which ice hockey developed.

bane /beɪn/ banes n
fléau calamité cauchemar drame
A cause of misery or death.

baneful more baneful most baneful adj
funeste
(archaic) Poisonous, deadly.
Harmful, injurious.

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ interjection
pan
A sudden percussive sound, such as made by the firing of a gun, slamming of a door, etc.

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ bangs n
coup détonation
A sudden percussive noise.
coup
A strike upon an object causing such a noise.
détonation explosion
An explosion.
point d'exclamation
(chiefly, US) The symbol !, known as an exclamation point.
(mathematics) A factorial, in mathematics, because the factorial of n is often written as n!

bang /beɪŋ(ɡ)/ /bæŋ(ɡ)/ v
claquer cogner
(intransitive) To make sudden loud noises, and often repeatedly, especially by exploding or hitting something.
baiser niquer tirer sa crampe
(slang, ambitransitive, vulgar) To engage in sexual intercourse.
marteler cogner frapper
(with "in") To hammer or to hit anything hard.

bang away v
matraquer
(idiomatic, intransitive) to strike or hit repeatedly
bûcher marner
(idiomatic, intransitive) to work tirelessly
insister tanner
(idiomatic, intransitive) to constantly and irritatingly talk (about)

bang one's head against a brick wall v
perdre son temps
(intransitive, idiomatic) To waste effort on a futile project.

bang out v
bâcler torcher traiter par dessous la jambe
(transitive, idiomatic) To do something quickly, in a slipshod, or unprofessional manner.

bang up v
abimer démolir endommager flinguer
(transitive, informal) To damage.

banger /ˈbæŋ.ə(ɹ)/ bangers n
bagnole
(automotive, slang) An old, worn-out car. From a stereotypical one backfiring, making banging noises.

bangs /bæŋ(ɡ)z/ n
frange
(chiefly, _, US, Philippines) Hair hanging over the forehead.

banish /ˈbænɪʃ/ v
bannir
(heading) To send someone away and forbid that person from returning.

banishment /ˈbænɪʃmənt/ banishments n
bannissement
The act of banishing.
banni
The state of being banished, exile.

banister /ˈbænɪstɚ/ banisters n
rampe
The handrail on the side of a staircase.
balustre
One of the vertical supports of a handrail; a baluster.

banjax /bænˈd͡ʒæks/ /ˈbæn.d͡ʒæks/ v
détruire ruiner
(UK, originally, Irish, slang) To ruin or destroy.

banjo /ˈbæn.dʒəʊ/ /ˈbæn.d͡ʒoʊ/ banjoes banjos n
banjo
A stringed musical instrument (chordophone), usually with a round body, a membrane-like soundboard and a fretted neck, played by plucking or strumming the strings.

banjoist banjoists n
banjoïste
One who plays a banjo.

bank /bæŋk/ [beɪŋk] banks n
rive berge
(hydrology) An edge of river, lake, or other watercourse.
rang
A row or panel of items stored or grouped together.
banque
(countable) A branch office of such an institution.
(countable) An underwriter or controller of a card game.
(gambling, countable) The sum of money etc. which the dealer or banker has as a fund from which to draw stakes and pay losses.
(countable, mostly, in combination) A safe and guaranteed place of storage for and retrieval of important items or goods.
banc banque
(nautical, hydrology) An elevation, or rising ground, under the sea; a shallow area of shifting sand, gravel, mud, and so forth (for example, a sandbank or mudbank).

bank account bank accounts n
compte bancaire compte en banque
A fund, held by a bank in a contractual arrangement between the bank and the owner of the fund, a customer of the bank, into which they can deposit and from which they can withdraw money.

bank holiday bank holidays n
jour férié
(UK, Ireland) A weekday, often a Monday, on which most businesses are closed, and granted to workers as a national holiday.

bank loan bank loans n
emprunt bancaire prêt bancaire

bank run bank runs n
panique bancaire ruée bancaire
An event where many depositors of one or more banks withdraw money from their bank accounts within a short time, causing the banks concerned to become unstable.

bank slip n
bordereau bancaire

bank statement bank statements n
relevé de compte relevé bancaire extrait de compte
A communication from a bank to a person holding an account in that bank, usually issued monthly, detailing the value of the holdings in that account and the effects of all transactions occurring with respect to that account.

bankable more bankable most bankable adj
bancable
Certain to bring profit and success, especially in the entertainment industry.

bankbook /ˈbæŋkˌbʊk/ bankbooks n
livret épargne
passbook, chequebook
(transferred sense) wealth

banked slalom banked slaloms n
banked slalom

banker /ˈbæŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæŋkɚ/ bankers n
banquier banquière
One who conducts the business of banking; one who, individually, or as a member of a company, keeps an establishment for the deposit or loan of money, or for traffic in money, bills of exchange, etc.

banknote banknotes n
billet de banque billet biffeton
A piece of currency made of paper or polymer. [from 18th c.]

bankroll /ˈbæŋk.ɹoʊl/ bankrolls n
un rouleau de billets de banque
A roll of banknotes or other paper currency, carried in lieu of a wallet.
budget capital fonds
The monetary assets of a person or organization.

bankroll /ˈbæŋk.ɹoʊl/ v
financer
(transitive) To fund a project; to underwrite something.

bankrupt /ˈbæŋ.kɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋ.kɹʌpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹəpt/ /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌpt/ more bankrupt most bankrupt adj
failli faillite
Having been legally declared insolvent.

bankruptcy /ˈbæŋk.ɹʌp(t).si/ bankruptcies n
banqueroute faillite
(finance, law) A legally declared or recognized condition of insolvency of a person or organization.

bankster /ˈbæŋkstə/ banksters n
bankster

banner /ˈbænə/ /ˈbænɚ/ /ˈbæːnə/ banners n
bannière
A flag or standard used by a military commander, monarch or nation.
(by extension) The military unit under such a flag or standard.
(by extension, figurative) A cause or purpose; a campaign or movement.
(Internet, television) A type of advertisement on a web page or on television, usually taking the form of a graphic or animation above or alongside the content.
banderole
Any large sign, especially when made of soft material or fabric.
A large piece of cloth with a slogan, motto, or emblem carried in a demonstration or other procession or suspended in some conspicuous place.
banière
(heraldry) The principal standard of a knight.

bannock /ˈbæ.nək/ bannocks n
bannique
(especially, Scotland, northern England) An unleavened bread made with barley, wheat, or oatmeal.
beigne galette
(Canada) A biscuit bread made of wheat flour or cornmeal, fat, and sometimes baking powder, typically baked over a fire, wrapped around a stick or in a pan.

banns /bænz/ n
bans
The announcement of a forthcoming marriage (legally required for a church wedding in England and Wales and read on the three Sundays preceding the marriage).

banquet /ˈ bænkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkwɪt/ /ˈ bæŋkɪt/ banquets n
banquet festin
A large celebratory meal; a feast.

banshee /bænˈʃiː/ /ˈbænʃiː/ banshees n
banshee banshie
(Irish and Scottish, _, folklore) A female spirit, usually taking the form of a woman whose mournful wailing warns of an impending death.

bantam /ˈbæntəm/ bantams n
poule naine
Any of several small chickens, especially of a breed that is a miniature version of another breed.
minime
(sports) A competitor in an age division between peewee and midget.

bantamweight bantamweights n
poids coq
(boxing) A weight class in boxing and other sports, intermediate between flyweight and featherweight. In boxing it ranges from 112 to 118 pounds (51 to 54 kg).

banter /ˈbæntə/ /ˈbæntɚ/ n
badinage plaisanterie
Sharp, good-humoured, playful, typically spontaneous conversation.

banter /ˈbæntə/ /ˈbæntɚ/ v
badiner
(intransitive) To engage in banter or playful conversation.
s'amuser
(intransitive) To play or do something amusing.
taquiner
(transitive) To tease (someone) mildly.

bantustan /ˈbæntuˌstæn/ /ˈbɑntuˌstɑn/ /ˌbantuːˈstan/ /ˌbantuːˈstɑːn/ /ˌbæntuˈstæn/ /ˌbɑntuˈstɑn/ bantustans n
bantoustan
(originally, _, South Africa, historical) Any of ten former territories defined as homelands for black South Africans under apartheid policy

banya /ˈbɑːnjə/ banyas n
bania banya
A type of steam bath, popular in Russia (and in some parts of Alaska as well).

banyan /ˈbæn.jən/ banyans n
banian commerçant indien
An Indian trader, merchant, cashier, or money changer.
banian
A tropical Indian fig tree, Ficus benghalensis, that has many aerial roots.

banzai /ˈbænˈzaɪ/ /ˈbɑːnˈzaɪ/ interjection
banzaï
A cry or cheer of enthusiasm, or to celebrate victory.

baobab /ˈbaʊbæb/ /ˈbeɪoʊˌbæb/ /ˈbeɪə(ʊ)bab/ baobabs n
baobab
A tree, Adansonia digitata, native to tropical Africa, having a broad swollen trunk and edible gourd-like hanging fruits.

baptism /ˈbæptɪzəm/ baptisms n
baptême
A Christian sacrament, by which one is received into a church and sometimes given a name, generally involving the candidate to be anointed with or submerged in water.

baptism of desire n
baptême de désir
(Christianity) The grace given to a believer who ardently desires baptism, but dies before being able to receive it.

baptism of fire baptisms of fire n
baptême du feu
(figuratively, military) The first experience of a severe ordeal, especially a first experience of military combat

baptismal adj
baptismal
Of or relating to baptism.

baptismal font /bæpˈtɪzməl ˈfɑnt/ baptismal fonts n
fonts baptismaux
(Christianity) A large basin used for baptism in or near a church.

baptismal name baptismal names n
nom de baptême
A name given at baptism (christening).

baptist /ˈbæbdəs/ /ˈbæbdɪs(t)/ /ˈbæbtɪst/ /ˈbæptɪst/ baptists n
baptiste baptisateur baptisatrice baptiseur baptiseuse
A person who baptizes.

baptistry baptistries n
baptistère
(Christianity) A designated space within a church, or a separate room or building associated with a church, where a baptismal font is located, and consequently, where the sacrament of Christian baptism (via aspersion or affusion) is performed.

baptize /ˈbæptaɪz/ [bap.ˈtajz] [ˈbæp.tajz] v
baptiser
(Christianity) To perform the sacrament of baptism by sprinkling or pouring water over someone or immersing them in water.
To dedicate or christen.
baptiser couper
(archaic, slang) Of rum, brandy, or any other spirits, to dilute with water.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] bars n
barre
A solid, more or less rigid object of metal or wood with a uniform cross-section smaller than its length.
A cuboid piece of any solid commodity.
(geography, nautical, hydrology) A ridge or succession of ridges of sand or other substance; especially:
bar
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100,000 pascals, approximately equal to atmospheric pressure at sea level.
bar pub taverne
(mathematics) The sign indicating that the characteristic of a logarithm is negative, conventionally placed above the digit(s) to show that it applies to the characteristic only and not to the mantissa.
comptoir zinc bar
The counter of such premises.
barreau
(law, metonym, "the Bar", "the bar") Collectively, lawyers or the legal profession; specifically applied to barristers in some countries, but including all lawyers in others.
bar barre pub taverne
(music) A vertical line across a musical staff dividing written music into sections, typically of equal durational value.

bar /baː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɑː/ [bɑɹ] [bɑ˞] barred v
bar barre comptoir barreau bloquer zinc
(transitive) To obstruct the passage of (someone or something).
barre barreau interdire
(transitive) To prohibit.
barre barrer barreau
(transitive) To lock or bolt with a bar.
bar barre pub taverne
To imprint or paint with bars, to stripe.

bar association bar associations n
barreau
An organization of lawyers which regulates their ability to practice law in a jurisdiction, and/or serves the interests of lawyers in that jurisdiction.

bar line bar lines n
barre de mesure
(music) A vertical line in musical notation used to separate two bars or measures.

bar mitzvah /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈmɪts.və/ b'nai mitzvah bar mitzvahs n
bar-mitsva Bar Mitzva Bar Mitzvah bar mitzvah bar-mitsvah
(Judaism) A Jewish coming of age ceremony for boys.

bar none adv
sans exception
(idiomatic) Without exception; excluding nothing else of the same kind.

bar shot bar shot n
boulet ramé
(military, historical) A double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, with a ball or half ball at each end; formerly used for destroying the masts or rigging in naval combat.

bar-crested antshrike bar-crested antshrikes n
batara de Lafresnaye
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus multistriatus

bar-headed goose bar-headed geese n
oie à tête barrée
A species of goose (Anser indicus)

bar-tailed godwit bar-tailed godwits n
barge rousse
A wader, Limosa lapponica, a type of godwit, of the Scolopacidae family

barb /bɑː(ɹ)b/ barbs n
ardillon
The point that stands backward in an arrow, fishhook, etc., to prevent it from being easily extracted. Hence: Anything which stands out with a sharp point obliquely or crosswise to something else.
barbe
(ornithology) One of the many side branches of a feather, which collectively constitute the vane.

barbarian /bɑɹ.ˈbɛəɹ.i.ən/ /bɑː(ɹ).ˈbɛə.ɹi.ən/ adj
barbare
Relating to people, countries, or customs perceived as uncivilized or inferior.

barbarian /bɑɹ.ˈbɛəɹ.i.ən/ /bɑː(ɹ).ˈbɛə.ɹi.ən/ barbarians n
barbare
An uncivilized or uncultured person, originally compared to the hellenistic Greco-Roman civilisation; often associated with fighting or other such shows of strength.
(derogatory) Someone from a developing country or backward culture.
A warrior, clad in fur or leather, associated with sword and sorcery stories.

barbaric /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪk/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbɛɹɪk/ more barbaric most barbaric adj
barbare
of or relating to a barbarian; uncivilized, uncultured or uncouth

barbarisation barbarisations n
barbarisation

barbarism /ˈbɑɹbəˈɹɪzm̩/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bəɹɪz(ə)m/ barbarisms n
barbarisme
A barbaric act.
An error in language use within a single word, such as a mispronunciation.

barbarity /bɑː(ɹ)ˈbæɹɪti/ barbarities n
barbarie
(uncountable) The state of being barbarous; brutality

barbecue /ˈbɑɹbɪˌkju/ /ˈbɑːbɪˌkjuː/ barbecues n
barbecue
A fireplace or pit for grilling food, typically used outdoors and traditionally employing hot charcoal as the heating medium.

barbecue sauce /- sɔːs/ /ˈbɑːbɪkjuː sɔːs/ /ˈbɑːɹbəkjuː sɑːs/ barbecue sauces n
sauce barbecue
A fruity, tangy, usually brown sauce, typically consisting of a vinegar or tomato base with spices and sweeteners, used as a basting sauce, marinade, or condiment, especially for barbecued meat.

barbed wire /bɑɹbd waɪəɹ/ [ˈbɑɹbd ˈwa.jɚ] barbed wires n
fil de fer barbelé fil barbelé barbelé
Twisted strands of steel wire, often coated with zinc, having barbs evenly spaced along them; used to construct agricultural and military fences.

barbel /ˈbɑːbəl/ barbels n
barbeau
(biology) Whisker-like sensory organs, located around the mouth of certain fish, including catfish, carp, goatfish, sturgeon, and some types of shark.

barbell barbells n
haltère
A wide steel bar with premeasured weights affixed to either end, with the central span open for the hands of the weightlifter.

barber /ˈbɑɹ.bɚ/ /ˈbɑː.bə/ barbers n
barbier coiffeur coiffeuse
A person whose profession is cutting (usually male) customers' hair and beards.

barber surgeon barber surgeons n
barbier chirurgien
(historical) A medical practitioner of medieval Europe, generally charged with looking after soldiers during or after a battle.

barberry /ˈbɑɹbɛɹi/ barberries n
épine-vinette
Any of the thorny shrubs of genus Berberis, which bear yellow flowers and red or blue-black berries.

barbershop barbershops n
salon de coiffure
(countable) The place of business of a barber; a store where a person (usually a male) can go to get a haircut.

barbet barbets n
barbet
A dog of a small-bodied breed with long curly hair.

barbetism n
barbétisme

barbican /ˈbɑː(ɹ)bɪkən/ barbicans n
barbacane
A tower at the entrance to a castle or fortified town.

barbiturate /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑɹbɪˈt(j)ʊəɹɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt(j)u.ɪt/ /ˌbɑɹˈbɪt͡ʃu.ɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹeɪt/ /ˌbɑː(ɹ)ˈbɪt͡ʃəɹɪt/ barbiturates n
barbiturique
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of derivatives of barbituric acid that act as depressants of the central nervous system and are used as sedatives or hypnotics.

barbituric adj
barbiturique
(organic chemistry) Of or pertaining to barbituric acid or its derivatives.

barcarole /ˈbɑɹkəˌɹoʊl/ /ˈbɑːkəɹəʊl/ /ˌbɑːkəˈɹəʊl/ barcaroles n
barcarolle
(music) A Venetian folk song traditionally sung by gondoliers, often in 6⁄8 or 12⁄8 time with alternating strong and weak beats imitating a rowing motion. [from late 18th c.]

barchan /bɑː(ɹ)ˈkɑːn/ /bɑː(ɹ)ˈxɑːn/ barchans n
barkhane
An arc-shaped sand ridge comprising well-sorted sand.

barcode /ˈbɑː(ɹ)kəʊd/ barcodes n
code-barres code à barres
Any set of machine-readable parallel bars or concentric circles, varying in width, spacing, or height, encoding information according to a symbology.

barcode reader barcode readers n
lecteur de code-barres
(computing) An electronic device that can read and output printed barcodes to a computer.

bard /bɑɹd/ /bɑːd/ bards n
barde
A professional poet and singer, like among the ancient Celts, whose occupation was to compose and sing verses in honor of the heroic achievements of princes and brave men.

bardiche /bɑː(ɹ)ˈdiːʃ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)diːʃ/ bardiches n
bardiche
A poleaxe with a long blade that extends beyond the shaft.

bardo /ˈbɑɹdoʊ/ /ˈbɑːdəʊ/ bardos n
bardo
(Tibetan, _, Buddhism) The state of existence between death and subsequent reincarnation.

bardolator /bɑɹˈdɑlətɚ/ /bɑːˈdɒlətə/ bardolators n
bardolâtre
(usually, pejorative) One who loves or worships the works of William Shakespeare.

bardolatry /ˈbɑː(ɹ).dɒlətɹɪi/ bardolatries n
bardolâtrie
(usually, pejorative) excessive or religious worship of William Shakespeare

bare /bɛ(ə)ɹ/ /bɛə(ɹ)/ /bɛː(ɹ)/ barer barest adj
minimal
Minimal; that is or are just sufficient.
nu nue
Naked, uncovered.

bare infinitive bare infinitives n
infinitif nu infinitif zéro
(grammar) The infinitive form of an English verb without the particle to; a comparable infinitive in other Germanic languages, e.g. a German infinitive without a preceding "zu", or a Swedish one without a preceding "att".

bare one's teeth v
montrer les dents
(idiom, by extension) To show aggression.

bare-arse adj
cul-nu nu-le-cul
(literally) With the buttocks exposed, as for a spanking or a mooning.

bare-bottomed more bare-bottomed most bare-bottomed adj
cul-nu
(of objects) Having an uncovered base or seat.

bare-bum adj
cul-nu nu-le-cul
(literally) With one's bottom exposed, as for a spanking or a mooning.

bare-butt adj
cul-nu nu-le-cul
(North America, slang) With the buttocks exposed, as for a spanking or a mooning.

bare-knuckle adj
à poings nus
(boxing) Without boxing gloves.

bareback /ˈbɛəbæk/ /ˈbɛɚbæk/ adv
à cru
Without a saddle.
bareback
(slang) Without a condom.

barechested more barechested most barechested adj
torse nu
(chiefly of a man) Having one's chest bare; shirtless.

barefoot /ˈbæɹfʊt/ /ˈbɑːɹfʊt/ /ˈbɛəfʊt/ /ˈbɛɹfʊt/ adj
pieds nus
Wearing nothing on the feet.

barefoot doctor barefoot doctors n
médecin aux pieds nus
A farmer or rural resident with basic medical training who worked as a doctor in rural areas of the People's Republic of China from the mid-1960s until the 1980s, generally under a government-sponsored program.

barehanded adv
à main nue à mains nues
(by extension) Without using a tool or weapon.

bareheaded adj
nu-tête
Having no covering on the head.

bareheaded adv
nu-tête
With no covering on the head.

barely /ˈbɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈbɛɹ.li/ adv
à peine
(degree) By a small margin.
(degree) Almost not at all.

barf /bɑɹf/ /bɑːf/ v
se planter
(computing, slang, intransitive, by extension) Of a system: to fail.

barfly /bɑɹflaɪ/ /bɑːflaɪ/ barflies n
pilier de bar pilier de comptoir
(slang, pejorative) a person who spends much time in a bar or similar drinking establishment

bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈbɑːɡən/ /ˈbɑːɹɡən/ bargains n
bonne affaire accord affaire
An agreement between parties concerning the sale of property; or a contract by which one party binds himself to transfer the right to some property for a consideration, and the other party binds himself to receive the property and pay the consideration.
bonne affaire affaire
An item purchased for significantly less than the usual, or recommended, price

bargain /-ɡɪn/ /ˈbɑːɡən/ /ˈbɑːɹɡən/ v
marchander s'accorder s'arranger
(intransitive) To make a bargain; to make a deal or contract for the exchange of property or services; to negotiate

bargaining chip bargaining chips n
monnaie d'échange
Someone or something used as a leverage in negotiations.

barge /bɑɹd͡ʒ/ /bɑːd͡ʒ/ barges n
chaland barge
A large flat-bottomed towed or self-propelled boat used mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods or bulk cargo.

barge in v
débouler faire irruption s'imposer
To intrude; to enter or interrupt suddenly and without invitation.

bariatric /ˌbæɹiˈætɹɪk/ adj
bariatrique
Referring to the branch of medicine bariatrics, the treatment of obesity and weight problems.

bariatrics n
bariatrie

barista /baˈɹi.sta/ /baˈɾi.sta/ /bəˈɹiː.stə/ /bəˈɹɪ.stə/ /bɚˈi.stə/ /bɚˈɪ.stə/ baristas baristi n
barista
A person who prepares coffee in a coffee shop for customers.

barite barites n
barite barote baryte barytine
(mineral) A mineral, barium sulphate, with the chemical formula BaSO4.

baritone /ˈbæɹ.ɪ.toʊn/ /ˈbɛɹ.ɪ.toʊn/ baritones n
baryton
The male voice between tenor and bass.
The musical range between tenor and bass.

baritone saxophone baritone saxophones n
saxophone baryton
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the bass saxophone but larger than the tenor saxophone, with a range of D♭2 to A4 or similar.

barium /ˈbɛəɹɪəm/ bariums n
baryum
The chemical element (symbol Ba) with an atomic number of 56. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

barium chloride n
chlorure de baryum
(inorganic compound) The barium salt of hydrochloric acid, BaCl2; it is toxic, and has been used as a rat poison.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ barks n
aboiement
The short, loud, explosive sound uttered by a dog, a fox, and some other animals.
écorce
(countable, uncountable) The exterior covering of the trunk and branches of a tree.
barque
(watercraft) A vessel, typically with three (or more) masts, with the foremasts (or fore- and mainmasts) square-rigged, and mizzenmast schooner-rigged.

bark /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ v
aboyer japper
(intransitive) To make a short, loud, explosive noise with the vocal organs (said of animals, especially dogs).
(intransitive) To make a clamor; to make importunate outcries.
écorcer
To strip the bark from; to peel.

bark beetle bark beetles n
scolyte

bark up the wrong tree v
faire fausse route miser sur le mauvais cheval se mettre le doigt dans l'œil se tromper de cible
(idiomatic) To do, believe, or pursue something wrong or inappropriate; to take the wrong approach; to follow a false lead; to blame or rebuke the wrong person.

barker /ˈbɑː(ɹ)kɚ/ barkers n
aboyeur
A person employed to solicit customers by calling out to passersby, e.g. at a carnival.

barking /ˈbɑɹkɪŋ/ /ˈbɑːkɪŋ/ barkings n
aboiement

barking dogs seldom bite proverb
chien qui aboie ne mord pas
People who make threats rarely carry them out.

barley /ˈbɑɹli/ /ˈbɑːli/ barleys n
orge
A cereal of the species Hordeum vulgare, or its grains, often used as food or to make beer and other malted drinks.

barley sugar barley sugars n
sucre d’orge
A traditional British boiled sweet, yellow or orange in colour, with an extract of barley added as flavouring.

barm /bɑɹm/ /bɑːm/ barms n
mousse
Foam rising upon beer or other malt liquors when fermenting, used as leaven in brewing and making bread; yeast.

barmaid /ˈbɑː(ɹ).meɪd/ barmaids n
barmaid
A woman who serves in a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

barn /bɑrn/ [baɾn] [baːn] [bɐːn] [bɑɹn] [bɑɻn] [bɑːn] [bɒən] barns n
grange fenil
(agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
barn
(nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10−28 square metres.

barn owl /ˈbɑɹn ˌaʊəl/ /ˈbɑːn ˌaʊl/ barn owls n
chouette effraie
An owl of the species Tyto alba, often having a white face and commonly found in barns and other farm buildings.

barn swallow barn swallows n
hirondelle rustique hirondelle de cheminée hirondelle des granges
Hirundo rustica, the most widespread species of swallow in the world; a distinctive passerine bird with blue upperparts, a long, deeply forked tail and curved, pointed wings, is found in Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas.

barnacle /ˈbɑɹnəkl̩/ /ˈbɑːnəkl̩/ barnacles n
pouce-pied
A marine crustacean of the subclass Cirripedia that attaches itself to submerged surfaces such as tidal rocks or the bottoms of ships.

barnacle goose barnacle geese n
bernache nonnette
A black and white species of bird within the family Anatidae from the northern hemisphere, Branta leucopsis.

baro- prefix
baro-

barochory n
barochorie
(biology) The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by gravity alone.

barometer /bəˈɹɑ.mə.tɚ/ /bəˈɹɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [bəˈɹɑ.mə.ɾɚ] [bəˈɹɔm.ɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] barometers n
baromètre
An instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure.
(figurative, by extension) Anything used as a gauge or indicator.

barometric /ˌbæɹəˈmɛtɹɪk/ adj
barométrique
Of or pertaining to atmospheric pressure.

barometz /ˈbæɹəmɛts/ barometzes n
barometz
(mythology) A purported zoophyte, half-animal and half-plant, said to grow in the form of a sheep.

baron /ˈbæɹən/ /ˈbɛəɹən/ baroness barons n
baron
A baron of beef, a cut made up of a double sirloin.

baroness /ˌbæ.ɹəˈnɛs/ baronesses n
baronne
A woman holding a baronial title in her own right; a female ruler of a barony.

baronet /bæɹə.ˈnɛt/ baronetess baronets n
baronnet
The bearer of a hereditary title, below a peerage and senior to most knighthoods, accompanied by the titular prefix "Sir" (for men) or "Dame" (for women) which is used in conjunction with the holder's Christian name. It is inheritable, usually by the eldest son, although a few baronetcies can also pass through the female line.

baronial /bəˈɹəʊnɪəɫ/ more baronial most baronial adj
baronnial
Belonging or relating to a baron or barons.

barony /ˈbæ.ɹə.ni/ baronies n
baronnie
The domain of a baron or baroness, usually as part of a larger kingdom or empire.

barophily n
barophilie

barotrauma barotraumas n
barotraumatisme
(pathology) Damage to body tissue caused by a difference in pressure between an air space in or near the body and the surrounding air.

barque /bɑɹk/ /bɑːk/ barques n
barque
A sailing vessel of three or more masts, with all masts but the sternmost square-rigged, the sternmost being fore-and-aft-rigged

barrack /ˈbeɹ.ək/ /ˈbæɹ.ək/ /ˈbɛɹ.ək/ barracks n
caserne chambrée quartier
(military, chiefly, in the plural) A building for soldiers, especially within a garrison; originally referred to temporary huts, now usually to a permanent structure or set of buildings.

barrage /bəˈɹɑʒ/ /ˈbæɹɑːdʒ/ /ˈbæɹɑːʒ/ /ˈbæɹɪdʒ/ barrages n
barrage
An artificial obstruction, such as a dam, in a river designed to increase its depth or to divert its flow.
(fencing) A "next hit wins" contest to determine the winner of a bout in case of a tie.
tir de barrage
(military) A heavy curtain of artillery fire directed in front of one's own troops to screen and protect them.

barramundi /ˌbæɹəˈmʌndi/ barramundis n
barramundi
A diadromous fish of species Lates calcarifer, of the Centropomidae family, order Perciformes, widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific; a popular food fish.

barrator /ˈbæɹətɚ/ barrators n
procédurier quérulent
One who is guilty of barratry, vexing others with frequent and often groundless lawsuits; a brangler and pettifogger.

barre barres n
barre
(ballet) A handrail fixed to a wall used for ballet exercises.

barred antshrike barred antshrikes n
batara rayé
A passerine bird of the antbird family, of species Thamnophilus doliatus.

barred owl barred owls n
chouette rayée

barred spiral galaxy barred spiral galaxies n
galaxie spirale barrée
(galaxy) A spiral galaxy with a central bar-shaped structure composed of stars.

barred warbler barred warblers n
fauvette épervière
Sylvia nisoria, an Old World warbler.

barrel /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/ /ˈbæɹəl/ /ˈbæɹəɫ/ /ˈbɛɚəl/ [ˈbæɹəɫ] [ˈbɛɚəɫ] barrels n
barillet
Such a cask of a certain size, holding one-eighth of what a tun#Noun holds. (See a diagram comparing cask sizes.)
tonneau barrique
(countable) A round (cylindrical) vessel, such as a cask, of greater length than breadth, and bulging in the middle, made of staves bound with hoops, and having flat ends (heads). Sometimes applied to a similar cylindrical container made of metal, usually called a drum.
baril
The quantity which constitutes a full barrel: the volume or weight this represents varies by local law and custom.
canon
A metallic tube, as of a gun, from which a projectile is discharged.

barrel /ˈbæɹ(ə)l/ /ˈbæɹəl/ /ˈbæɹəɫ/ /ˈbɛɚəl/ [ˈbæɹəɫ] [ˈbɛɚəɫ] v
embariller
(transitive) To put or to pack in a barrel or barrels.

barrel bomb barrel bombs n
bombe baril

barrel organ barrel organs n
orgue de Barbarie
A musical instrument in which air from a bellows is admitted to a set of pipes by means of pins inserted into a revolving barrel (typically turned by a crank), originating in France.

barrel roll barrel rolls n
tonneau
(aviation) An aerobatic flying maneuver in which the pilot causes the airplane to complete one loop in the same time that the airplane completes one roll, creating the appearance that the airplane is riding on the inside of a cylinder.
A movement (usually during a car crash) where a car flips on its roof, then falls back on its wheels after doing at least one full 360° horizontal rotation.

barren /ˈbæɹən/ barrener barrenest more barren most barren adj
stérile
(of people and animals, not comparable) Not bearing children, childless; hence also unable to bear children, sterile.

barricade /ˌbæɹɪˈkeɪd/ /ˌbɛɹɪˈkeɪd/ barricades n
barricade
A barrier constructed across a road, especially as a military defence

barricade /ˌbæɹɪˈkeɪd/ /ˌbɛɹɪˈkeɪd/ v
barricader
to close or block a road etc., using a barricade

barrier /ˈbæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈbɛɹi.ɚ/ barriers n
barrière
A structure that bars passage.
An obstacle or impediment.
frontière limite
A boundary or limit.

barring /ˈbɑːɹɪŋ(ɡ)/ preposition
sauf
Unless something happens; excepting; in the absence of.

barrister /ˈbæɹ.ɪst.ə(ɹ)/ barristers n
avocat avocate
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) A lawyer with the right to speak and argue as an advocate in higher lawcourts.

barrow /ˈbæ.ɹəʊ/ /ˈbæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɚ.oʊ/ /ˈbɛɹ.oʊ/ barrows n
brouette
(British) A small vehicle used to carry a load and pulled or pushed by hand.
castrat
(obsolete, _, except in scientific use and in some dialects) A castrated boar.
tumulus
A mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

bars /ˈbɑː(ɹ)z/ n
grille
(sports) An event in gymnastics using bars.

barse /bɑɹs/ /bɑːs/ barses n
loup
The perch; any of various marine and freshwater fish resembling the perch.

bartender /ˈbɑɹˌtɛndɚ/ /ˈbɑːˌtɛndə(ɹ)/ bartenders bartendress n
barman
One who tends a bar or pub; a person preparing and serving drinks at a bar. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

barter /ˈbɑɹtɚ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ [ˈbɑɹɾɚ] barters n
troc
An exchange of goods or services without the use of money.

barter /ˈbɑɹtɚ/ /ˈbɑː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ [ˈbɑɹɾɚ] v
troquer
(ambitransitive) To exchange goods or services without involving money.

barycenter barycenters n
barycentre
(physics) The center of a mass; often specifically, the point at which the gravitational forces exerted by two objects are equal

barycentric adj
barycentrique
Of or pertaining to a centre of gravity.

baryon /ˈbæɹiɒn/ /ˈbɛəɹiɒn/ baryons n
baryon
(particle) A heavy subatomic particle created by the binding of quarks by gluons; a hadron containing three quarks. Baryons have half-odd integral spin and are thus fermions. This category includes the common proton and neutron of the atomic nucleus.

baryonic adj
baryonique
Of, pertaining to, or composed of baryons.

barysphere baryspheres n
barysphère

bas-relief /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbæs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑ.ɹɪˌlif/ /ˈbɑs.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˈbɑː.ɹɪˌliːf/ /ˌbæs.ɹɪˈlif/ /ˌbɑ.ɹɪˈlif/ bas-reliefs n
bas-relief
(sculpture) A low or mostly-flat sculpture which is carved into a wall, or is in the form of a tile mounted flat to a wall, rather than a fully three-dimensional, free-standing figure.

basal cell carcinoma basal cell carcinomas n
carcinome basocellulaire
(disease) A common type of nonmelanocytic skin cancer.

basal layer basal layers n
stratum basale stratum germinativum
(anatomy) The deepest layer of the epidermis

basal metabolic rate basal metabolic rates n
taux métabolique de base
(physiology) The amount of energy expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the post-absorptive state.

basalt /bəˈsɑlt/ /bəˈsɔlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɑlt/ /ˈbeɪˌsɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɑlt/ /ˈbæs.ɒlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔlt/ /ˈbæs.ɔːlt/ /ˈbæs.əlt/ basalts n
basalte
(mineral) A hard mafic igneous rock of varied mineral content; volcanic in origin, which makes up much of the Earth's oceanic crust.

bascinet /ˈbæsɪˌnɛt/ /ˌbæsɪˈnɛt/ bascinets n
bassinet
A light helmet, typically with a high, pointed skull, either open-faced (in early models) or made with a visor (later models).

bascule bridge bascule bridges n
pont basculant
A movable bridge consisting of one or two opening leaves equipped with balancing and stabilizing counterweights that ease and speed up their operation.

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ baser basest more base most base adj
abject bas ignoble indigne
(obsolete) Low in height; short.
Low in place or position.
(obsolete) Of low value or degree.
ignoble indigne
(now, rare) Inferior; unworthy, of poor quality.

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ bases n
base
Something from which other things extend; a foundation.
The starting point of a logical deduction or thought; basis.
(chemistry) Any of a class of generally water-soluble compounds that turn red litmus blue and react with acids to form salts.
(electronics) The name of the controlling terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).
(geometry) The lowest side of a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
base caserne
A permanent structure for housing military personnel and material.
base quartier général
The place where decisions for an organization are made; headquarters.
base but coussin
(baseball) One of the four places that a runner can stand without being subject to being tagged out when the ball is in play.
champagne
(heraldry) The lowest third of a shield (or field), or an ordinary occupying this space, the champagne. (Compare terrace..)

base /beɪs/ /beːs/ v
baser
(transitive) To give as its foundation or starting point; to lay the foundation of.

base camp base camps n
camp de base
(climbing) An encampment used temporarily for storing supplies and preparing for a larger activity, such as mountain climbing or hunting.

base class base classes n
classe de base

base hit base hits n
coup sûr
(baseball) A successful hit in which the batter safely reaches base

base metal base metals n
métal de base
(chemistry) Any metal at the lower end of the electrochemical series that oxidizes readily.
A common or inexpensive metal.

base note base notes n
fixateur fond note de base note de fond
The heavily volatile and thus most-lasting parts of a perfume, often of ligneous, resinous or animalic nature

base on v
adapter en
(ditransitive) To derive (a work) from.

base station subsystem base station subsystems n
sous-système radio
(telecommunications) that section of a GSM network which is responsible for transmitting radio signals to and receiving radio signals from a mobile phone

baseball /ˈbeɪs.bɑl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔl/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔːl/ baseballs n
baseball base-ball balle de baseball
The ball used to play the sport of baseball.

baseball bat baseball bats n
batte de baseball
A long instrument, typically wood, metal, or plastic, which is swung to strike baseballs.

baseball cap /ˈbeɪs.bɑl ˌkæp/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔl ˌkæp/ /ˈbeɪs.bɔːl ˌkæp/ baseball caps n
casquette de baseball
A cap with a rounded crown and a curved, stiffened bill at the front.

baseball field baseball fields n
terrain de base-ball
A playing field on which the game of baseball is played.

baseball player baseball players n
joueur de baseball joueuse de baseball
One who plays baseball, especially professional baseball.

based /beɪst/ more based most based adj
basé
(slang, of a person) Not caring what others think about one's personality, style, or behavior; focused on maintaining individuality.

baseline /ˈbeɪslaɪn/ baselines n
référence
A datum used as the basis for calculation or for comparison.
ligne de fond ligne de fond de court
(tennis) The line at the farthest ends of the court indicating the boundary of the area of play.

basement /ˈbeɪsmənt/ basements n
sous-sol cave
A floor of a building below ground level.
socle
(geology) A mass of igneous or metamorphic rock forming the foundation over which a platform of sedimentary rocks is laid.

bash the bishop v
s'astiquer le manche s'astiquer le poireau se crosser se taper une queue se tutoyer étrangler le borgne
(idiomatic, slang) To masturbate (male).

bash up v
cogner
(transitive, informal) To assault someone with the intention of causing physical injury; to beat up.

basha /ˈbæʃə/ bashas n
bâche
A tarpaulin or plastic waterproof sheet.

bashful [ˈbæʃfəɫ] [ˈbæʃfʊɫ] more bashful most bashful adj
timide
Shy; not liking to be noticed; socially timid.

bashlyk /ˈbæʃ.lɪk/ bashlyks n
bachlyk
A protective cone-shaped hood with lappets for wrapping around the neck, used especially by Turks and Cossacks.

basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ more basic most basic adj
basique
Necessary, essential for life or some process.
Elementary, simple, fundamental, merely functional.
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to a base; having a pH greater than 7.

basic income basic incomes n
revenu de base
Ellipsis of guaranteed basic income., a form of social security in which all citizens or residents of a jurisdiction are guaranteed to have an income level at or above the set basic income cut-off level, whereby the government will top-off incomes falling below the line, to reach the limit. Those falling above the line would not receive payments.

basic research n
recherche fondamentale
Research performed without regard to practical applications.

basic training n
classes
(military) The standard training regime for introducing new recruits to the organization's discipline and basic operational skills.

basically /ˈbeɪ.sɪk.(ə)li/ /ˈbeɪ.sɪk.koʊ.li/ more basically most basically adv
foncièrement sommairement à la base
In a fundamental, essential or basic manner.

basidiomycete basidiomycetes n
basidiomycète
(mycology) Any fungus of the phylum Basidiomycota, that produces sexual spores on a basidium.

basidium /bəˈsɪdɪəm/ basidia n
baside
(mycology) A small structure, shaped like a club, found in the Basidiomycota division of fungi, that bears four spores at the tips of small projections. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

basifixed adj
basifixe

basil /ˈbeɪ.zəl/ /ˈbæz.əl/ basils n
basilic
A plant (Ocimum basilicum).
The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

basilect /ˈbeɪsɪlɛkt/ /ˈbæsɪlɛkt/ basilects n
basilecte
(sociolinguistics) A variety of a language that has diverged greatly from the standard form, and is only considered suitable for very informal contexts by speakers.

basilica /bəˈsɪlɪkə/ basilicae basilicas n
basilique
(architecture) A Christian church building having a nave with a semicircular apse, side aisles, a narthex and a clerestory.

basilisk /ˈbæs.ɪ.lɪsk/ /ˈbæz.ɪ.lɪsk/ basilisks n
basilic
(heraldiccharge) A type of dragon used in heraldry.
Any of the tree-dwelling of lizard of the genus Basiliscus: the basilisk lizard.
A type of large brass cannon.

basin /ˈbeɪs(ə)n/ basins n
lavabo bassine cuvette
A wide bowl for washing, sometimes affixed to a wall.
bassin
(geography) An area of land from which water drains into a common outlet; drainage basin.
(geography) A shallow depression in a rock formation, such as an area of down-folded rock that has accumulated a thick layer of sediments, or an area scooped out by water erosion.

basion basions n
basion
(anatomy) The middle of the anterior margin of the foramen magnum of the skull.

basionym basionyms n
basionyme
(botany, taxonomy) An earlier valid scientific name of a species that has since been renamed and from which the new name is partially derived.

basipodium basipodia n
basipode

basis /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/ /ˈbæɪ.sɪs/ baseis bases basises n
base
A starting point, base or foundation for an argument or hypothesis.
An underlying condition or circumstance.
(linear algebra) In a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.

basis point basis points n
point de base
(finance) One hundredth of one percentage point.

bask /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ v
lézarder baigner
To bathe in warmth; to be exposed to pleasant heat.

basket /ˈbaːskət/ /ˈbæskət/ /ˈbæskɪt/ /ˈbɑːskɪt/ baskets n
panier corbeille
A lightweight container, generally round, open at the top, and tapering toward the bottom.
(basketball) A circular hoop, from which a net is suspended, which is the goal through which the players try to throw the ball.
(basketball) The act of putting the ball through the basket, thereby scoring points.

basket case basket cases n
loque épave
(colloquial, potentially, _, offensive) One made powerless or ineffective, as by nerves, panic, stress or exhaustion; someone considered mentally unstable. [from 20th c.]

basketball /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɑl/ /ˈbæs.kɪt.bɔl/ /ˈbɑːs.kɪt.bɔːl/ basketballs n
basket-ball basketball ballon-panier
(countable) The particular kind of ball used in the sport of basketball.

basketball court basketball courts n
terrain de basketball
An outdoor or indoor area on which the game of basketball is played.

basketball player basketball players n
basketteur basketteuse
A person who plays basketball, especially professionally.

basketful basketfuls basketsful n
hottée
The amount that will fit into a basket

basketmaker basketmakers n
vannier tresseur de paniers tresseuse de paniers vannière
A person who weaves baskets.

basketweaver basketweavers n
tresseur de paniers tresseuse de paniers
One who takes part in the craft of basketweaving.

basking shark basking sharks n
requin pèlerin
A very large shark, Cetorhinus maximus, that feeds at or close to the surface by filtering plankton from the water and is found in all the world's temperate oceans.

basophil /ˈbeɪsəfɪl/ basophils n
basophile
(cytology) Any cell that has granules stained by basic stains.

basque /bæsk/ /bɑːsk/ basques n
basque
The part of a waistcoat etc. extending below the waist.
guêpière
A woman's close-fitting bodice, underbodice, or corset having such a feature.

bass /beɪs/ basser bassest adj
bas grave
Of sound, a voice or an instrument, low in pitch or frequency.

bass /beɪs/ basses n
basse
A low spectrum of sound tones.
A section of musical group that produces low-pitched sound, lower than the baritone and tenor.
One who sings in the bass range.
(musical instrument) An instrument that plays in the bass range, in particular a double bass, bass guitar, electric bass or bass synthesiser.

bass /bæs/ bass basses n
perche achigan bar

bass bar bass bars n
barre d'harmonie
(lutherie) A narrow length of wood affixed to, or occasionally carved from, the inside of the top plate of a violin-family instrument.

bass clarinet bass clarinets n
clarinette basse
A bass instrument in the clarinet family.

bass clef /ˈbeɪsklɛf/ bass clefs n
clé de fa
(music) A symbol showing that the second line from the top of the staff represents the F below middle C.

bass drum /ˈbeɪsˌdɹʌm/ bass drums n
grosse caisse
a large drum with a low pitch

bass guitar /ˈbeɪsɡɪˈtɑːɹ/ bass guitars n
guitare basse
A long-necked and solid-bodied stringed instrument (chordophone), tuned to produce bass or low notes, usually with a fretted fingerboard and four thick strings, and requiring the use of an amplifier.

basset horn basset horns n
cor de basset
(musical instrument) An alto instrument of the clarinet family, pitched in F below middle C, with a range reaching down to F below that.

bassinet /ˈbæsɪˌnɛt/ /ˌbæsɪˈnɛt/ bassinets n
bercelonnette
A newborn baby's bed, traditionally made of woven reeds or straw.

bassist /ˈbeɪs.ɪst/ bassists n
bassiste
A musician who plays a bass instrument, especially the bass guitar.

bassline /ˈbeɪsˌlaɪn/ basslines n
ligne de basse

basso continuo basso continuos n
basse continue
(music) The continuous realization of harmony throughout a musical piece, usually by a harpsichord and/or cello, typical of the Baroque period. Abbreviation: bc.

bassoon /bəˈsun/ /bəˈsuːn/ bassoons n
basson
A musical instrument in the woodwind family, having a double reed and playing in the tenor and bass ranges.

bassoonist bassoonists n
bassoniste basson
A person who plays the bassoon, a musical instrument in the woodwind family.

basswood /ˈbæswʊd/ basswoods n
bois de tilleul
(US) Any of several trees of the genus Tilia; the lindens, especially Tilia americana, the American basswood.

bastard /ˈbæs.tɚd/ /ˈbɑːs.təd/ more bastard most bastard adj
bâtard
Of or like a bastard (illegitimate human descendant).
Of or like a bastard (bad person).
croisé
Of or like a mongrel, bastardized creature/cross.
faux
Spurious, lacking authenticity: counterfeit, fake.
simili
Of abnormal, irregular or otherwise inferior qualities (size, shape etc).

bastard /ˈbæs.tɚd/ /ˈbɑːs.təd/ interjection
bordel de merde enculé merde rogntudju scrogneugneu vingt dieux
(rare) Exclamation of strong dismay or strong sense of being upset.

bastard /ˈbæs.tɚd/ /ˈbɑːs.təd/ bastards n
bâtard bâtarde
(dated) A person who was born out of wedlock, and hence often considered an illegitimate descendant.
bâtard croisé
A mongrel (biological cross between different breeds, groups or varieties).
fils de pute salaud enfoiré salopard
(vulgar,, _, , _, offensive, or, pejorative) A contemptible, inconsiderate, overly or arrogantly rude or spiteful person.
enculé enfoiré salopard
(especially, Australia, endearing, or, humorous) A man, a fellow, a male friend.
bâtard
(informal) A child who does not know their father.
saleté saloperie
(informal) Something extremely difficult or unpleasant to deal with.

bastard sugar bastard sugars n
cassonade blanche sucre bâtard
An impure light brown sugar containing molasses.

bastard sword bastard swords n
épée bâtarde
Any of the large, straight-bladed European swords used with either one or two hands; a longsword.

baste /beɪst/ v
bâtir faufiler
To sew with long or loose stitches, as for temporary use, or in preparation for gathering the fabric.

bastide bastides n
bastide
A mansion in Provence.
new town built in medieval Languedoc, Gascony and Aquitaine during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries

bastille /bæˈstil/ /bæˈstiːl/ /bɑː-/ /ˈbæstɪl/ /ˈbɑː-/ [bæˈstɪəɫ] bastilles n
bastion
Chiefly in French contexts: a bastion or tower of a castle; also, a fortified tower or other building; or a small citadel or fortress.
bastille
A jail or prison, especially one regarded as mistreating its prisoners.

bastille /bæˈstil/ /bæˈstiːl/ /bɑː-/ /ˈbæstɪl/ /ˈbɑː-/ [bæˈstɪəɫ] v
embastiller
(transitive, also, figuratively) To confine (someone or something) in, or as if in, a bastille (noun sense 2.1) or prison; to imprison.

bastion /ˈbæsti.ən/ /ˈbæst͡ʃən/ bastions n
bastion
(architecture) A projecting part of a rampart or other fortification.

bat /bæt/ bats n
chauve-souris batte bâton chauvesouris
Any of the flying mammals of the order Chiroptera, usually small and nocturnal, insectivorous or frugivorous.
A club made of wood or aluminium used for striking the ball in sports such as baseball, softball and cricket.

bat /bæt/ v
chauve-souris batte bâton chauvesouris
(intransitive) To take a turn at hitting a ball with a bat in sports like cricket, baseball and softball, as opposed to fielding.

bat one's eyes v
faire les yeux doux
(idiomatic) To signal or feign by fluttering one's eyelids, as romantic interest.

bat-eared fox bat-eared foxes n
otocyon renard à oreilles de chauve-souris chien oreillard
Otocyon megalotis, a canid of the African savanna, with large black ears and tawny fur.

batch /bæt͡ʃ/ batches n
fournée
The quantity of bread or other baked goods baked at one time.
lot
(by extension) A quantity of anything produced at one operation.
(computing) A set of data to be processed at one time.
jeu
A group or collection of things of the same kind, such as a batch of letters or the next batch of business.

batch file batch files n
fichier batch
(computing, especially MS-DOS) A file containing a series of instructions to be carried out by the operating system.

bateleur /ˌbætəˈlɜː/ bateleurs n
bateleur des savanes
A species of eagle, Terathopius ecaudatus, endemic to Africa and Arabia.

bath /bæθ/ /bɐːθ/ /bɑːθ/ [baθ~bäθ] [bæθ~bɛəθ~beəθ] [bɑːt̪] [bɑːt̪ʰ] [bɑːθ] baths n
bain baignoire
A tub or pool which is used for bathing: bathtub.
salle de bains bain
A building or area where bathing occurs.
bain
The act of bathing.

bath /bæθ/ /bɐːθ/ /bɑːθ/ [baθ~bäθ] [bæθ~bɛəθ~beəθ] [bɑːt̪] [bɑːt̪ʰ] [bɑːθ] v
baigner
(transitive, Commonwealth) To wash a person or animal in a bath.

bath salt bath salts n
sel de bain
(chiefly, in the plural) Any of several inorganic salts sometimes added to bath water.

bath towel bath towels n
serviette de bain
A towel used to dry the body after bathing.

bathe /beɪð/ bathes n
baignade bain
(British, colloquial) The act of swimming or bathing, especially in the sea, a lake, or a river; a swimming bath.

bathe /beɪð/ v
prendre un bain se baigner
(intransitive) To clean oneself by immersion in water or using water; to take a bath, have a bath.
baigner faire prendre un bain
(transitive) To clean a person by immersion in water or using water; to give someone a bath.
baigner
(transitive) To apply water or other liquid to; to suffuse or cover with liquid.

bather /ˈbeɪðə(ɹ)/ bathers n
baigneur baigneuse
One who bathes (cleans oneself with water, for example in a bathtub).

bathhouse bathhouses n
bain
A building with baths for communal use.

bathing /ˈbeɪˌðɪŋ(ɡ)/ bathings n
baignade
The act of taking a bath.

bathmology n
bathmologie
The science/study of the interplay of "degrees" - or, levels of linguistic self-referentiality - in discourse

bathmotropic more bathmotropic most bathmotropic adj
bathmotrope

bathochromic more bathochromic most bathochromic adj
bathochrome

bathometer bathometers n
bathomètre bathymètre
An instrument that measures the depth of water, used especially to measure the depth of ocean water.

bathos /ˈbeɪθɒs/ bathoses n
mauvais pathos
Overdone or treacly attempts to inspire pathos.
bathos
(literature, the arts) Risible failure on the part of a work of art to properly affect its audience, particularly owing to:

bathrobe /ˈbæθ.ɹoʊb/ /ˈbɑːθ.ɹəʊb/ bathrobes n
peignoir sortie de bain
A robe usually made of terrycloth intended to be worn when one is still damp from bathing or when there is no immediate need to dress fully.

bathroom /ˈbæθ.ɹuːm/ /ˈbæθɹʊm/ /ˈbæθˌɹum/ /ˈbɑːθ.ɹuːm/ bathrooms n
salle de bains
(chiefly, US, South Africa, Canada, Philippines, euphemism) A lavatory (area where one washes or bathes): a room containing a toilet and (typically but not necessarily) a bathtub.

bathroom break bathroom breaks n
pause caca pause pipi

bathroom scales n
pèse-personne
Flat floor-mounted scales (usually stored in the bathroom) used to measure one's own weight.

bathtub /ˈbæθtʊb/ /ˈbæθtʌb/ /ˈbɑːθtʌb/ bathtubs n
baignoire
A large container for holding water in which a person may bathe (take a bath).

bathydemersal bathydemersals n
bathydémersal
A demersed fish living and/or feeding underwater below 200 meters (650 feet).

bathymetric adj
bathymétrique
Of, pertaining to, or derived from bathymetry.

bathymetry /bəˈθɪm.ə.tɹi/ bathymetries n
bathymétrie
The measurement of the depths of the seas and oceans.

bathyscaphe /ˈbæθɪˌskeɪv/ /ˈbæθɪˌskæf/ bathyscaphes n
bathyscaphe
A self-propelled deep-sea diving submersible for exploring the ocean depths, consisting of a crew cabin similar to a bathysphere suspended below a float filled with a buoyant liquid such as petrol.

bathysphere /ˈbæθɪˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ bathyspheres n
bathysphère
A spherical steel deep-diving chamber with perspex windows, in which persons are lowered to the depths by a cable to study the oceans and deep-sea life; the precursor to the bathyscaphe

batik /bəˈtiːk/ batiks n
batik
A wax-resist method of dyeing fabric.

batman /ˈbæt.mən/ batmen n
ordonnance
(military) A servant or valet to a military officer.

baton /bəˈtɑn/ /ˈbætn̩/ /ˈbætɒn/ /ˈbætən/ batons n
baguette matraque
(music) The stick of a conductor in musical performances.
relais témoin relai
(sports) An object transferred by runners in a relay race.

baton /bəˈtɑn/ /ˈbætn̩/ /ˈbætɒn/ /ˈbætən/ v
frapper avec un bâton
(transitive) To strike with a baton.

batshit /ˈbæt.ʃɪt/ more batshit most batshit adj
cinglé cintré gelé pété par la gelée zoné
(slang, vulgar) Extremely irrational or unreasonable, insane, crazy.

battalion /bəˈtælɪən/ battalions n
bataillon
(military) An army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters. Traditionally forming part of a regiment.
(US, military) an army unit having two or more companies, etc. and a headquarters; forming part of a brigade.
Any large body of troops.

batten /ˈbæt(ə)n/ /ˈbætən/ [-ɾən] battens n
volige
(carpentry, construction) A plank or strip of wood, or several of such strips arranged side by side, used in construction to hold members of a structure together, to provide a fixing point, to strengthen, or to prevent warping.

batten down the hatches v
condamner les panneaux se préparer au pire
(idiomatic) To prepare for trouble.

batter /ˈbætə/ /ˈbætəɹ/ [ˈbæɾɚ] batters n
pâte
(cooking, countable, uncountable) A beaten mixture of flour and liquid (usually egg and milk), used for baking (e.g. pancakes, cake, or Yorkshire pudding) or to coat food (e.g. fish) prior to frying.
batteur frappeur
(baseball) The player attempting to hit the ball with a bat.

battered more battered most battered adj
usé
Beaten up through a lot of use; in rough condition; weathered.

battering ram battering rams n
bélier
A modern device, usually in the form of a metal bar with handles, chiefly used by police and firefighters to force open locked doors.

battery /ˈbæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbæt.ɹi/ batteries n
pile batterie
(countable, electronics) A device used to power electric devices, consisting of a set of electrically connected electrochemical or, archaically, electrostatic cells. A single such cell when used by itself.
coups et blessures
(legal) The infliction of unlawful physical violence on a person, legally distinguished from assault, which includes the threat of impending violence.
batterie pile
(countable) A coordinated group of artillery weapons.
An array of similar things.
batterie
A set of small cages where hens are kept for the purpose of farming their eggs.

battery electric vehicle battery electric vehicles n
véhicules électriques à batterie
A type of electric#Adjective vehicle that uses chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery packs, usually and especially one whose powertrain is entirely electric.

battery-powered adj
sur batterie à piles
Fitted with a battery or batteries, which provide(s) the power to operate the device.

batting /ˈbætɪŋ/ battings n
bourre rembourrage
(sewing) Cotton, wool, silk or synthetic material used to stuff the inside of a mattress, quilt etc.
ouate
Special cotton for surgery.

batting average batting averages n
moyenne au bâton moyenne à la batte
(cricket) A statistical estimation of the scoring ability of a batsman; equal to the total number of runs scored divided by the number of times out.
(baseball) A statistical estimation of the hitting ability of a batter; equal to the number of hits divided by the number of official at-bats. Normally expressed as a real number instead of an average despite the name.

batting order batting orders n
ordre de frappe
(cricket, baseball, softball) The sequence in which a side's batsmen go in to bat.

battle /ˈbætl̩/ /ˈbætəl/ [bætɫ̩] [ˈbatʰɫ̩] [ˈbæɾɫ̩] battles n
bataille lutte
(military) A general action, fight, or encounter, in which all the divisions of an army are or may be engaged; a combat, an engagement.
lutte
(military, obsolete) The main body of an army, as distinct from the vanguard and rear; the battalia.

battle /ˈbætl̩/ /ˈbætəl/ [bætɫ̩] [ˈbatʰɫ̩] [ˈbæɾɫ̩] v
lutter
(intransitive) To join in battle; to contend in fight

battle axe battle axes n
hache d'armes hache de guerre
An ancient military weapon, an axe designed for combat, including (in, _, heraldiccharge) when borne on arms as a mark of prowess.

battle cry battle cries n
cri de guerre
(military) An exclamation troops yell out when going to war or battle.

battle piece battle pieces n
scène de guerre
(arts) A painting, or a musical composition, representing a battle.

battlecruiser battlecruisers n
croiseur de bataille
(military, nautical) A fast warship with thicker armor and heavier guns than a typical cruiser, but with armor, armament, or both still inferior to that of a dreadnought battleship; designed to act as an advanced scout of the battle fleet and to destroy enemy cruisers.
(fiction) A warship of intermediate size and/or capability between a heavy cruiser and a (light) battleship.

battledore battledores n
battoir
(historical) A wooden paddle-shaped bat or beetle used to wash clothes by beating, stirring, or smoothing them.

battlefield battlefields n
champ de bataille
The area where a land battle is or was fought, which is not necessarily a field.

battleground /ˈbætəlˌɡɹaʊnd/ battlegrounds n
champ de bataille
(figurative) Any subject of dispute or contention.

battlement [ˈbætəɫmənt] battlements n
rempart
In fortification: an indented parapet, formed by a series of rising members called cops or merlons, separated by openings called crenelles or embrasures, the soldier sheltering himself behind the merlon while he fires through the embrasure or through a loophole in the battlement.

battleplan battleplans n
plan de bataille
The planned strategy and tactics to be used in a battle.

battleship battleships n
cuirassé
(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role
(military, nautical, archaic) A ship of the line.
bataille navale
A guessing game played on grid paper; see Battleship (game).

battology /baˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/ /bæˈtɑː.lə.d͡ʒi/ battologies n
battologie

battue /bæ-/ /bæˈtu/ /bəˈt(j)uː/ battues n
battue
(uncountable, hunting, often, attributively) A form of hunting in which game is forced into the open by the beating of sticks on bushes, etc. [from early 19th c.]

batty /ˈbæti/ [ˈbæɾi] battier battiest adj
fou
(slang) Mad, crazy, silly.

bauble /ˈbɑbəl/ /ˈbɔbəl/ [ˈbɒbəɫ] [ˈbɔːbəɫ] baubles n
babiole
A cheap showy ornament or piece of jewellery; a gewgaw.
boule de Noël
A small shiny spherical decoration, commonly put on Christmas trees.

baud /bɔːd/ bauds n
baud
(computing, telecommunications) A unit of data transmission symbol rate; the number of signalling events per second.

bauxite /ˈbɔːksaɪt/ bauxites n
bauxite
The principal ore of aluminium; a clay-like mineral, being a mixture of hydrated oxides and hydroxides.

bavarois /ˌbævə(ɹ)ˈwɑː/ /ˌbɑvɚˈwɑ/ bavaroises n
bavarois
A pudding similar to pastry cream but thickened with gelatin or isinglass instead of flour or cornstarch, and flavoured with liqueur.

bawdy /ˈbɑdi/ /ˈbɔdi/ /ˈbɔːdi/ bawdier bawdiest more bawdy most bawdy adj
grivois paillard
Obscene; filthy; unchaste. [from 15th Century]

bawl /bɑl/ /bɔl/ [bɔːɫ] v
hurler
(transitive) To shout or utter in a loud and intense manner.
(intransitive) To wail; to give out a blaring cry.

bay /beɪ/ bayer bayest more bay most bay adj
bai
(especially, of horses) Of a reddish-brown colour.

bay /beɪ/ bays n
baie
(geography) A body of water (especially the sea) more-or-less three-quarters surrounded by land.
aboiement clabaudage
The excited howling of dogs when hunting or being attacked.
laurier
Laurus nobilis, a tree or shrub of the family Lauraceae, having dark green leaves and berries.
Bay leaf, the leaf of this or certain other species of tree or shrub, used as a herb.
baie compartiment
An internal recess; a compartment or area surrounded on three sides.

bay /beɪ/ v
aboyer clabauder
(transitive) To bark at; hence, to follow with barking; to bring or drive to bay.

bay bolete bay boletes n
bolet bai
An edible, pored mushroom (Imleria badia), found in Europe and North America.

bay cat bay cats n
chat bai
Catopuma badia (syn. Pardofelis badia), a small feline endemic to the island of Borneo.

bay leaf bay leaves n
feuille de laurier
A herb derived from any of certain shrubs of the family Lauraceae and Myrtaceae.

bay window bay windows n
baie vitrée
(architecture) A window space projecting outward from the main walls of a building and forming a bay in a room.

bayan bayans n
bayan
A type of chromatic button accordion developed in Russia in the early 20th century.

bayard adj
bai
coloured bay, reddish brown, notably said of equines

bayonet /ˈbeɪənɛt/ /ˈbeɪənɪt/ /ˈbeɪənɪ̈t/ /ˈbeɪəˌnɛt/ /ˈbæɡənət/ /ˈbæɡənɛt/ /ˌbeɪəˈnɛt/ bayonets n
baïonnette
(military) A pointed instrument of the dagger kind fitted on the muzzle of a musket or rifle, so as to give the soldier increased means of offence and defence. Originally, the bayonet was made with a handle, which needed to be fitted into the bore of the musket after the soldier had fired.
(engineering) A pin which plays in and out of holes made to receive it, and which thus serves to engage or disengage parts of the machinery.

bayou /ˈbaɪ.(j)uː/ /ˈbaɪ.oʊ/ bayous n
bayou marécages
A slow-moving, often stagnant creek or river.

bazaar /bəˈzɐː/ /bəˈzɑɹ/ /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/ bazaars n
bazar foire marché
A fair or temporary market, often for charity.

bazooka /bəˈzuːkə/ bazookas n
bazooka lance-roquette
(by extension) Any shoulder-fired rocket grenade launcher.

bcc bccs n
cci
Initialism of blind carbon copy.

bdelloid /ˈdɛlɔɪd/ adj
bdelloïde

be /bi/ /biː/ v
avoir être
Used with past participles of certain intransitive verbs to form the perfect aspect.
(dynamic / lexical be, especially in progressive tenses, conjugated non-suppletively in the present tense, see usage notes) To exist or behave in a certain way.
(with a cardinal numeral) Used to state the age of a subject in years.
To remain undisturbed in a certain state or situation.
être
(formal) Used with to-infinitives of verbs to express intent, obligation, appropriateness, or relative future occurrence.
(auxiliary) Used with past participles of verbs to form the passive voice.
Used to indicate that the subject has the qualities described by a noun or noun phrase.
Used to link a subject to a measurement.
(now, usually, literary) To exist; to have real existence, to be alive.
As an intransitive lexical verb:
To occupy a place.
To occur, to take place.
être faire
(rare, and, regional, chiefly, in the past tense) Used to link two noun clauses, the first of which is a day of the week, recurring date, month, or other specific time (on which the event of the main clause took place), and the second of which is a period of time indicating how long ago that day was. [from 15th c.]
aller venir être
(in perfect tenses) Elliptical form of "be here", "go to and return from" or similar, also extending to certain other senses of "go".

be able to v
pouvoir savoir être capable de
Can, to have the ability to.

be about v
agir concerner être au sujet de

be all about v
agir
(colloquial) To deal with, to be focused on.

be ashamed v
avoir honte honte
To feel ashamed. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be awake v
veiller
To not sleep, to stay awake. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be based on v
[[s'appuyer]] sur reposer sur
(transitive) (This entry is a translation hub.) To be grounded on or derived from.

be bored v
ennuyer
To suffer from boredom. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be born v
naître
To come into existence through birth.

be born yesterday v
ne pas être né de la dernière pluie
(informal, stative, chiefly in the negative) To be new, naive, innocent, inexperienced, or easily deceived.

be called v
s'appeler nommer
To have a specific name.

be careful interjection
sois prudent sois prudente soyez prudent soyez prudente
Used to warn someone to proceed with caution.

be in for v
en avoir pour
(idiomatic) To be able to expect or anticipate; to be about to suffer, generally said of something unpleasant.

be late v
être en retard
(colloquial) To have one’s menstrual discharge late, implying successful nidation suspected.

be my guest v
allez-y je t'en prie je vous en prie se servir vas-y
(idiomatic) Do as you wish; go ahead; help yourself; go for it!

be off with you phraseologicalUnit
allez-vous-en va-t'en
(dated) Go away; get out.

be oneself v
être soi-même
(idiomatic) To behave or act naturally, without regard to how this behavior is perceived by others.

be riding for a fall v
aller droit dans le mur courir à sa perte

be right v
avoir raison
To be correct in one's judgment or statement about something. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be right back /biː ɹaɪt bæk/ phraseologicalUnit
je reviens
Used to indicate the speaker will return in a moment. Often abbreviated in online slang as BRB.

be silent v
taire
To refrain from speaking; to say nothing. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be supposed to /bi(ː) səˈpoʊs tə/ /bi(ː) səˈpoʊs ˌtu/ v
être censé
(idiomatic) To intended to; to be expected to; to believed to.

be that as it may adv
de toute façon en tout cas quoi qu'il en soit
(idiomatic) Even if that is the case; whether that is true or not; nevertheless.

be the case v
être le cas

be there v
être là

be used to v
être habitué à
(intransitive) To be familiar with or accustomed to something or someone through repeated experience; to be acclimated to.

be wrong v
avoir tort méprendre se tromper
To have an incorrect belief, to be mistaken about one's judgment or statement concerning something. (This entry is a translation hub.)

be-all and end-all be-alls and end-alls n
raison d'être
(idiomatic) Something considered to be of the utmost importance; something essential or ultimate.

beach /bit͡ʃ/ /biːt͡ʃ/ beaches n
plage
A horizontal strip of land, usually sandy, adjoining water.

beach ball beach balls n
ballon de plage
A large light inflatable ball, ideally suited to beach games.

beach soccer n
football de plage soccer de plage
(soccer) a variant of soccer played on a smaller-sized sand pitch.

beach towel beach towels n
serviette de plage
A towel for use at the beach, typically larger than a normal household towel so that a person can use it to lie on the sand.

beach volleyball beach volleyballs n
beach-volley volleyball de plage
(countable) The ball used to play this sport.

beachcomber beachcombers n
batteur de grève
(nautical) A seaman who is not prepared to work but hangs around port areas living off the charity of others.

beachgoer beachgoers n
plagiste
Someone who goes to the beach.

beachhead /ˈbiːt͡ʃhɛd/ beachheads n
tête de pont
(military) An area of hostile territory (especially on a beach) that, when captured, serves for the continuous landing (or movement into position) of further troops and material

beacon /ˈbiːkən/ beacons n
balise
A signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy, or to give any notice, commonly of warning.
phare
(nautical) A signal, buoy, post, or other conspicuous mark erected on an eminence near the shore, or moored in shoal water, as a guide to mariners, particularly to warn vessels of danger.
amer
A high hill or other easily distinguishable object near the shore which can serve as guidance for seafarers.

bead /biːd/ beads n
grain perle
Each in a string of small balls making up the rosary or paternoster. [from 14thc.]
gouttelette
A small drop of water or other liquid. [from 16thc.]
perle
A small, round object.
Various small, round solid objects.

bead tree bead trees n
margousier azédarach lilas de Perse
Melia azedarach, a deciduous or semi-evergreen tree with poisonous fruit, native to India, Southeast Asia, and northern Australia.

beadle [ˈbiːdəɫ] beadles n
bedeau suisse
A parish constable, a uniformed minor (lay) official, who ushers and keeps order.

beagle /ˈbiːɡəl/ [ˈb̥iːɡəɫ] beagles n
briquet beagle
A small short-legged smooth-coated scenthound, often tricolored and sometimes used for hunting hares. Its friendly disposition makes it suitable as a family pet.

beak /biːk/ beaks n
bec
A rigid structure projecting from the front of a bird's face, used for pecking, grooming, foraging, carrying items, eating food, etc.
A similar structure forming the jaws of a turtle, platypus, etc.
éperon
(nautical) A beam, shod or armed at the end with a metal head or point, and projecting from the prow of an ancient galley, used as a ram to pierce the vessel of an enemy; a beakhead.

beak-iron beak-irons n
bigorne

beaked whale beaked whales n
baleine à bec
Any of at least 20 species of whales in the family Ziphiidae, known to dive to great depths, but not well understood generally.

beaker /ˈbiːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːkɚ/ beakers n
bécher
A flat-bottomed vessel, with a lip, used as a laboratory container.
gobelet
A drinking vessel without a handle, sometimes for the use of children.

beakhead beakheads n
guibre poulaine éperon
(nautical) A protruding part of the foremost section of a sailing ship.

beam /biːm/ beams n
madrier poutre
(structural) Any large piece of timber or iron long in proportion to its thickness, and prepared for use.
ligature madrier lien
(structural) One of the principal horizontal structural members, usually of steel, timber, or concrete, of a building.
poutre
(nautical) One of the transverse members of a ship's frame on which the decks are laid, and acting as part of the support for keeping the sides of the vessel in shape — supported at the sides by knees in wooden ships and by stringers in steel ones; cf. abeam, beam-ends.
poutre age
(nautical) The maximum width of a vessel (note that a vessel with a beam of 15 foot can also be said to be 15 foot abeam).
age
(agricultural) The central bar of a plow, to which the handles and colter are secured, and to the end of which are attached the oxen or horses that draw it.
faisceau
(physics) A ray or collection of approximately parallel rays emitted from the sun or other luminous body.
(figuratively) A ray; a gleam.
merrain perche
(anatomical, informal) The principal stem of the antler of a deer.
limon timon
(literary) The pole of a carriage or chariot.

beam /biːm/ v
rayonner briller
(ambitransitive) To emit beams of light; to shine; to radiate.
rayonner
(intransitive, figuratively) To smile broadly or especially cheerfully.
téléporter
(transitive, science fiction) To transmit matter or information via a high-tech wireless mechanism.

bean /biːn/ beans n
haricot
Any plant of several genera of the taxonomic family Fabaceae that produces large edible seeds or edible seedpods.

bean sprout bean sprouts n
graine germée
(chiefly, in the plural) A sprout of any of several other species of bean

beanbag /ˈbiːnbæɡ/ beanbags n
fauteuil-sac
A piece of soft furniture consisting of a leather or vinyl covering stuffed with dry beans or other similar pellets.

beanie /ˈbiː.ni/ beanies n
tuque bonnet
A cap that fits the head closely, usually knitted from wool.

beanpole beanpoles n
asperge escogriffe échalas croquette
(informal) A tall, thin person.

beanstalk beanstalks n
tige de haricot
The stem of a bean plant, proverbially fast-growing and tall.

bear /beə/ /beː/ /bɑɹ/ /bɛə(ɹ)/ /bɛɚ/ /bɛː(r)/ /bɛː(ɹ)/ /ˈbiːə(r)/ [beə] [beə~bɪə] bears n
ours ourse
A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.
ours
(figuratively) A rough, unmannerly, uncouth person. [1579]
(gay slang) A large, hairy man, especially one who is homosexual. [c. 1970]
baissier
(finance) An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in prices. [1744]

bear /bɛə(ɹ)/ v
supporter soutenir
(transitive) To give (written or oral testimony or evidence); (figurative) to provide or constitute (evidence or proof), give witness.
(transitive) To admit or be capable of (a meaning); to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.
(transitive) To support or sustain; to hold up.
supporter
(now, _, transitive, _, outside certain set patterns such as 'bear with'; formerly also, _, intransitive) To endure or withstand (hardship, scrutiny, etc.); to tolerate; to be patient (with).
supporter porter tolérer
(transitive) To afford, to be something to someone, to supply with something.

bear cub bear cubs n
ourson oursonne
A young bear.

bear false witness v
faire un faux témoignage
To give an untrue testimony; to lie despite one's oath e.g. in court.

bear fruit v
porter ses fruits
(idiom) To succeed in some task; to achieve benefit from a task or project.

bear in mind /bɛ(ə)ɹ‿ɪn ˈmaɪnd/ /bɛəɹ‿ɪn ˈmaɪnd/ /bɛːɹ-/ v
garder à l'esprit se rappeler
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold (something) in the memory; to remember; also, to be mindful of or pay attention to (something); to consider; to note.

bear meat n
viande d'ours
meat from a bear

bear out /bɛəɹ ˈaʊt/ v
confirmer corroborer
(transitive) To corroborate, prove, or confirm; to demonstrate; to provide evidence for.

bear the brunt v
faire les frais
(idiomatic) To endure the worst part of something.

bearable /ˈbɛəɹəbəɫ/ adj
supportable vivable
Able to be borne; tolerable; endurable.

bearberry /ˈbɛəb(ə)ɹi/ bearberries n
bearberry
common bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi).
bearberry busserole
Any of four dwarf shrubs of formerly all members of the genus Arctostaphylos, three now assigned to genus Arctous, which principally grow in arctic and subarctic regions and bear edible berries.

beard /biɚd/ /bɜː(ɹ)d/ /bɪəd/ /bɪɹd/ beards n
barbe
Facial hair on the chin, cheeks, jaw and neck.

bearded /ˈbiɚdəd/ /ˈbɪədəd/ /ˈbɪədɪd/ /ˈbɪɹdəd/ more bearded most bearded adj
barbu
Having a beard; involving a beard.

bearded clam bearded clams n
abricot chatte foufoune moule salle de jeu
(vulgar, slang) vulva

bearded seal /ˈbiɚdəd siːl/ /ˈbɪədəd siːl/ /ˈbɪədɪd siːl/ /ˈbɪɹdəd siːl/ bearded seals n
phoque barbu
Erignathus barbatus, a medium-sized pinniped with conspicuous whiskers, found in and around the Arctic Ocean.

beardless more beardless most beardless adj
imberbe
(ornithology) Lacking a beard (a defined patch of feathers below the beak).

beardlessness n
imberbité
The state or quality of being beardless.

bearer /ˈbɛəɹə/ /ˈbɛɹɚ/ bearers n
porteur porteuse
One who, or that which, bears, sustains, or carries.
One who possesses a cheque, bond, or other notes promising payment.

bearing /ˈbɛə̯ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ adj
porteur
Of a beam, column, or other device, carrying weight or load.

bearing /ˈbɛə̯ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɛɹɪŋ/ bearings n
roulement azimut coussinet palier
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that supports another part and/or reduces friction.
azimut
(navigation, nautical) The horizontal angle between the direction of an object and another object, or between it and that of true north; a heading or direction.
portée
Relevance; a relationship or connection.

bearish more bearish most bearish adj
baissier
(stock market, of the price of financial instruments) Characterized by or expecting falling prices.

beast /biːst/ beasts n
bête
(chiefly in Commonwealth English, more specifically) A domestic animal, especially a bovine farm animal.
A person who behaves in a violent, antisocial or uncivilized manner.
bête bête sauvage
(often, _, collective) All non-human animals seen as a group.

beast of burden beasts of burden n
bête de somme bête de charge animal de trait
A draught animal, such as a donkey, mule, llama, camel, horse, or ox, that carries or pulls a load for the benefit of a human.

beast of prey beasts of prey n
bête de proie
A carnivorous animal that hunts for its food, especially one that preys on vertebrates.

beastie /ˈbiːsti/ beasties n
bestiole
(informal, now, chiefly, _, Scotland, Northern England) Beast, animal.

beastliness beastlinesses n
bestialité

beastmaster beastmasters n
belluaire

beat /biːt/ /bɛt/ more beat most beat adj
claqué crevé épuisé
(US, _, slang) Exhausted.

beat /biːt/ beats n
battement
A pulsation or throb.
domaine
(journalism) The primary focus of a reporter's stories (such as police/courts, education, city government, business etc.).
ronde
The route patrolled by a police officer or a guard.
secteur
(by extension) An area of a person's responsibility, especially
battue
(hunting) The act of scouring, or ranging over, a tract of land to rouse or drive out game; also, those so engaged, collectively.

beat /biːt/ v
battre
(intransitive) To strike repeatedly; to inflict repeated blows; to knock vigorously or loudly.
(transitive) To indicate by beating or drumming.
battre vaincre griller remonter au vent
(transitive) To win against; to defeat or overcome; to do or be better than (someone); to excel in a particular, competitive event.
battre fouetter
To mix food in a rapid fashion. Compare whip.
battre fouetter se mettre martel en tête
To exercise severely; to perplex; to trouble.

beat around the bush v
tourner autour du pot
(idiomatic) To treat a topic, but omit its main points, often intentionally.
(idiomatic) To delay or avoid talking about something difficult or unpleasant.

beat as one /bit əz ˈwʌn/ /biːt əz ˈwɒn/ v
battre [[à l'unisson]]
(idiomatic, especially of hearts) To share the same feelings.

beat it /ˈbiˌdɪt/ v
décamper décaniller dégager ficher le camp se barrer se casser
(idiomatic, chiefly, as imperative, pejorative, colloquial, dismissal) To leave; to go away.
se branler se pignoler se polir le chinois se taper une queue
(idiomatic, US, Canada, vulgar, colloquial) To masturbate, usually a man of himself.

beat one's breast v
battre sa coulpe

beat someone at their own game v
battre à son propre jeu

beat time v
battre la mesure
(music) To measure or regulate time in music by the motion of the hand or foot.

beat to a pulp v
casser la gueule passer à tabac tabasser
(transitive) To beat up (a person) more than usually severely.
battre à plate couture mettre la pâtée
(transitive, colloquial, loosely) To defeat severely in various, even non-contact, competitive sports.

beat to the punch v
coiffer au poteau couper l'herbe sous le pied devancer prendre de vitesse
(transitive) To do something before somebody else is able to.

beat up v
tabasser flanquer une tripotée
(transitive) To give a severe beating to; to assault violently with repeated blows.
se mettre la rate au court-bouillon
(reflexive) To feel badly guilty and accuse oneself over something. (Usually followed by over or about.)

beater /ˈbitɚ/ /ˈbiːtə/ [ˈbiɾɚ] beaters n
baguette de tambour batteur
A stick used to play a percussion instrument.
bazou
(US, informal) An old or dilapidated automobile in poor operating condition.

beatification /biˌætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ beatifications n
béatification
The act of beatifying, or the state of being beatified; especially, in the Roman Catholic Church, the act or process of ascertaining and declaring that a deceased person is one of "the blessed," or has attained the second degree of sanctity, — usually a stage in the process of canonization.

beatify /biːˈætɪfaɪ/ v
béatifier
(transitive, Roman Catholicism) To carry out the third of four steps in canonization, making someone a blessed.

beating /ˈbiːtɪŋ/ beatings n
battage battement
The pulsation of the heart.

beating heart beating hearts n
cœur battant
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see beating,‎ heart.

beatmaker beatmakers n
beatmaker concepteur rythmique

beatnik /ˈbiːtnɪk/ beatniks n
beatnik
A person associated with the Beat Generation of the 1950s and 1960s or its style.

beau monde beaux mondes n
beau monde
(dated) The fashionable part of society.

beautician /bjuːˈtɪ(t)ʃən/ beauticians n
esthéticienne esthéticien

beautification /bjuːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ beautifications n
embellissement
Making beautiful, beautifying, improving the appearance of something.

beautifier beautifiers n
embellisseur embellisseuse
A person who or a thing which beautifies or makes beautiful.

beautiful /ˈbju.tɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fəl/ /ˈbjuːtɪ.fʊl/ [bju.ɾə.fəl] more beautiful most beautiful adj
beau belle
Attractive and possessing beauty.
beau
(of the weather) Pleasant; clear.

beautifully /ˈbjuːtɪf(ə)li/ more beautifully most beautifully adv
joliment
In a beautiful manner.

beautify /ˈbjuː.tɪ.faɪ/ v
embellir
(transitive) To make beautiful; to increase the beauty of.

beautifying more beautifying most beautifying adj
embellissant
That beautifies; tending to make beautiful.

beautifying n
embellissement
The action of the verb to beautify.

beauty /ˈbjuti/ /ˈbjuːti/ /ˈbuːti/ [-ɾi] [ˈb(j)ɪu̯ɾ̥ɪ] [ˈbju̟ti] [ˈbju̟ːɾi] beauties n
beauté
The quality of being (especially visually) attractive, pleasing, fine or good-looking; comeliness.
Someone who is beautiful.

beauty is in the eye of the beholder /ˈbjuːti ɪz ɪn ðiː aɪ əv ðiː bɪˈhəʊldə/ proverb
il n’y a point de laides amours
Different people have different views on what is beautiful; beauty is subjective.

beauty pageant beauty pageants n
concours de beauté
A competition in which participants compete for a determination that one is the most physically attractive.

beauty parlor beauty parlors n
salon de beauté
(US, Philippines) A salon where hairdressers, beauticians, and cosmeticians work.

beauty product beauty products n
produit de beauté

beauty quark beauty quarks n
quark beauty quark beauté
(physics, dated) Synonym of bottom quark.

beauty queen beauty queens n
reine de beauté miss
(idiomatic) The female winner of a beauty contest.

beauty sleep /ˈbjuti ˌslip/ /ˈbjuːti ˌsliːp/ beauty sleeps n
roupillon sommeil réparateur
(uncountable, chiefly, humorous) Extra sleep; also (generally) , any sleep; (countable) an instance of this; an extra nap.

beauty spot /ˈbjuti ˌspɑt/ /ˈbjuːtɪ ˌspɒt/ [-ɾi-] beauty spots n
grain de beauté
A natural mark on a person's skin, especially a freckle or mole on a woman's face.

beaver /ˈbivɚ/ /ˈbiːvə/ beavers n
castor bièvre
(countable) A semiaquatic rodent of the genus Castor, having a wide, flat tail and webbed feet.
chatte foufoune minou
(chiefly, North American) The pubic hair near a vulva or a vulva itself; (attributively) denoting films or literature featuring nude women.

beaver away v
bûcher
(idiomatic) To work hard at a task.

beavertail beavertails n
queue de castor
(North American) A fried-dough pastry of such shape; usually beaver tail or Beaver Tail.

bebop /ˈbiːbɒp/ n
be-bop
(music genre) An early form of modern jazz played by small groups and featuring driving rhythms and complex, often dissonant harmonies.

bec de corbin becs de corbin n
bec de corbin
(weaponry, historical) A poleaxe with a modified hammerhead and a spike mounted on the top of the pole.

because /biˈkɔz/ /biˈkʌz/ /bəˈkɔz/ /bəˈkʌz/ /bɪkəz/ /bɪˈkeɪz/ /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkɔz/ /bɪˈkɔːz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ adv
parce que à cause de à cause que
On account (of), for sake (of).
parce que parce que c'est comme ça
(by ellipsis) Used alone to refuse to provide a full answer a question begun with "why", usually taken as an anapodoton of the elided full phrase "Because I said so".

because /biˈkɔz/ /biˈkʌz/ /bəˈkɔz/ /bəˈkʌz/ /bɪkəz/ /bɪˈkeɪz/ /bɪˈkɒz/ /bɪˈkɔz/ /bɪˈkɔːz/ /bɪˈkʌz/ conjunction
parce que car à cause que
By or for the cause that; on this account that; for the reason that.

because of preposition
à cause de en raison de grâce à
On account of; due to, for the purpose of

beckon /ˈbɛkən/ v
faire signe
(ambitransitive) To wave or nod to somebody with the intention to make the person come closer.

becloud /bɪˈklaʊd/ v
s'assombrir s'ennuager se couvrir
(transitive) To cause to become obscure or muddled.

become /biˈkʌm/ /bəˈkʊm/ /bəˈkʌm/ /bɪˈkʊm/ /bɪˈkʌm/ v
aller bien
devenir
(transitive) To be proper for; to beseem. [from 13th c.]

becoming /bəˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ /bɪˈkʊm.ɪŋɡ/ /bɪˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ more becoming most becoming adj
décent(e) respectable
decent, respectable

becoming /bəˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ /bɪˈkʊm.ɪŋɡ/ /bɪˈkʌm.ɪŋ/ becomings n
devenir
(chiefly, philosophy) The act or process by which something becomes.

becquerel [bɛkəˈɹɛɫ] becquerels n
becquerel
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radioactive activity; the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. Symbol: Bq

bed /bed/ /bɛd/ [beː] beds n
lit
A prepared spot in which to spend the night.
The bottom of a body of water, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or river. [from later 16thc.]
A garden plot.
A place, or flat surface or layer, on which something else rests or is laid.
lit couche
A piece of furniture, usually flat and soft, on which to rest or sleep.
A shaped piece of timber to hold a cask clear of a ship’s floor; a pallet.
gisement
A deposit of ore, coal, etc.

bed and breakfast bed and breakfasts n
chambre d'hôte bed and breakfast bed-and-breakfast chambre d'hôtes couette et café gîte touristique
A private home, guesthouse,small hotel etc. where guests are provided overnight accommodations and served breakfast but usually no other meals.

bed of roses /bɛd ʌv ˈɹəʊzəz/ beds of roses n
long fleuve tranquille partie de plaisir

bedbug bedbugs n
punaise des lits punaise punaise de lit
A small nocturnal insect (Cimex lectularius), of the family Cimicidae, that feeds on the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts.

bedclothes n
linge de lit

beddable more beddable most beddable adj
baisable pinocumettable
(informal) Sexually attractive.

bedding /ˈbɛdɪŋ/ [ˈbɛɾɪŋ] beddings n
litière
Any material used by or provided to animals to lie on.

beddy-bye n
dodo
(idiomatic, baby-talk, childish) Bedtime for a toddler, going to sleep, going to bed, sleeping.

bedevil /biˈdɛvəl/ /bɪˈdɛvəl/ [bɪˈdɛvəɫ] v
harceler tourmenter
To harass or cause trouble for; to plague.

bedhead /ˈbɛd.hɛd/ bedheads n
tête de lit têtes de lit
(colloquial) The condition of having unkempt hair, generally as a result of having just woken up from sleep.

bedjacket bedjackets n
liseuse
A short jacket worn when sitting up in bed, usually by women.

bedlam /ˈbɛdləm/ bedlams n
cour du roi Pétaud pétaudière
A place or situation of chaotic uproar, and where confusion prevails.

bedouin /ˈbɛd.wɪn/ bedouins n
Bédouin Bédouine
A member of nomadic Arab tribes dwelling in the desert.

bedpan /ˈbɛd.ˌpæn/ bedpans n
bassin hygiénique
A pan used for urination and defecation while in bed, now usually for reasons of medical necessity or convenience.

bedraggled /bɪˈdɹæɡl̩d/ more bedraggled most bedraggled adj
débraillé
Decaying, decrepit or dilapidated.

bedridden /ˈbɛdɹɪdən/ adj
alité grabataire cloué au lit
Confined to bed because of infirmity or illness.

bedrock bedrocks n
roche mère soubassement
(uncountable, geology, mining, engineering, construction) The solid rock that exists at some depth below the ground surface. Bedrock is rock "in place", as opposed to material that has been transported from another location by weathering and erosion.

bedroll bedrolls n
sac de couchage
A roll of bedding that can be carried when hiking or camping etc.

bedroom /ˈbɛdɹʊm/ /ˈbɛdˌɹum/ bedrooms n
chambre à coucher chambre dortoir piaule
A room in a house, apartment, hotel or other dwelling where a bed is kept for sleeping.

bedroom community bedroom communities n
cité-dortoir village-dortoir ville-dortoir
(urban studies) An urban community that is primarily or exclusively residential, as due to zoning, from which most of the workforce commutes out to earn their livelihood; often a suburb of a nearby metropolis that workers travel to daily.

bedsheet /ˈbɛdʃiːt/ bedsheets n
drap drap de lit
A sheet, a piece of cloth cut and finished as bedlinen.

bedsit /ˈbɛdˌsɪt/ bedsits n
studio
(British, Ireland) A form of rented accommodation consisting of a single room for use as both sitting room and bedroom; there may also be a small kitchen area and washing and toilet facilities, but these amenities are more commonly outside the room and shared by several tenants.

bedsore bedsores n
escarre plaie de pression
(medicine, usually, in the plural, dated) A lesion caused by unrelieved pressure to any part of the body, especially portions over bony or cartilaginous areas, such as frequently develops on a person confined to a bed by infirmity.

bedspread bedspreads n
couvre-lit dessus-de-lit
The topmost covering of a bed, often functioning as a blanket.

bedstead bedsteads n
châlit
The framework that supports a bed.

bedtime /ˈbɛdtaɪm/ bedtimes n
heure du coucher
The time or hour at which one retires to bed in order to sleep.

bedtime story /ˈbɛdtaɪm ˈstɔːɹi/ bedtime stories n
histoire du soir histoire histoire pour [[s']]endormir
A fairy tale or other story read to somebody, usually a child, before they sleep.

bedwetter /ˈbɛdwɛtɚ/ bedwetters n
pisse-au-lit
A person who (habitually) urinates in his or her bed (during sleep).
péteux trouillard
(pejorative) A cowardly person.

bedwetting bedwettings n
faire pipi au lit énurésie nocturne
A type of urinary incontinence involving involuntary urination while in bed during sleep.

bee /ˈbiː/ bees n
abeille
A flying insect, of the clade Anthophila within the hymenopteran superfamily Apoidea, known for its organised societies (though only a minority have them), for collecting pollen and (in some species) producing wax and honey.
bé
The name of the Latin-script letter B.

bee fly bee flies n
bombyle
Any of the flies in the family Bombyliidae, with adults that look like bumblebees and larvae that are parasitic on the eggs or larvae of other insects.

bee hummingbird bee hummingbirds n
colibri d'Elena colibri-abeille
A species of hummingbird, Mellisuga helenae, native to Cuba, noted for being the smallest living bird.

bee in one's bonnet bees in one's bonnet n
fixette idée fixe manie marotte
(idiomatic) Something of particular interest or concern; an obsession.

bee-eater /ˈbiː iːtəɹ/ bee-eaters n
guêpier
Any of various brightly-coloured, insectivorous, near-passerine birds in the family Meropidae, especially the European bee-eater, Merops apiaster.

beebread /ˈbiːˌbɹɛd/ n
pain d'abeille
Bee pollen with added honey and bee secretions, made and stored in brood cells by forager bees, and used as food for worker bees and larvae.

beech /biːt͡ʃ/ beeches n
hêtre
A tree of the genus Fagus having a smooth, light grey trunk, oval, pointed leaves, and many branches.

beech marten beech martens n
fouine
Martes foina, a marten of Eurasia.

beechnut /ˈbiːt͡ʃˌnʌt/ beechnuts n
faîne faine
The small, triangular, edible nut of the beech tree.

beef /bif/ /biːf/ beef beefs beeves n
bœuf
(in the meat industry, on, _, product packaging) The edible portions of a cow (including those which are not meat).

beef bourguignon /ˈbiːf ˌbʊə(ɹ)ɡɪnˈjɒn/ beef bourguignons n
bœuf bourguignon bœuf à la bourguignonne
A French stew dish, consisting of beef, red wine, garlic and vegetables.

beefsteak /ˈbiːfˌsteɪk/ beefsteaks n
bifteck
(countable, uncountable) (A) steak cut from beef cattle.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak tomato.
(countable) Ellipsis of beefsteak mushroom.

beehive /ˈbiːhaɪv/ beehives n
ruche
An enclosed structure in which some species of honey bees (genus Apis) live and raise their young.
A man-made structure in which bees are kept for their honey.
ruche fourmilière
(figuratively) Any place full of activity, or in which people are very busy.
choucroute
A women's hairstyle, popular in the 1960s, in which long hair is styled into a hive-shaped form on top of the head and usually held in place with lacquer.

beekeeper /ˈbiˌkipɚ/ beekeepers n
apiculteur apicultrice
A person who maintains hives and keeps bees, especially for the production of honey.

beekeeping n
apiculture industrie abeillère
The practice or profession of keeping and caring for bees.

beeline /ˈbiːlaɪn/ beelines n
à vol d'oiseau
(mining, chiefly, historical) A dynamite fuse made with a small quantity of dynamite powder along its length, so that the spark travels quickly and at a specific known rate.

beemer /ˈbimɚ/ /ˈbiːmə/ beemers n
BM
(slang) A BMW motorcycle or automobile.

been there, done that phraseologicalUnit
déjà vu, déjà fait
(idiomatic, ironic) An assertion that the speaker has personal experience or knowledge of a particular place or topic and is not too keen on revisiting or redoing it again.

beep /biːp/ beeps n
pouet
The sound produced by the horn of a car, or any similar sound.
bip
A short, electronically produced tone.

beep /biːp/ v
biper
(intransitive) To produce a beep.
(transitive) To telephone a person, only allowing the phone to ring once, in order to request a call back.

beer /bɛə/ /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ /bɪɹ/ /bɪː/ beers n
bière
(uncountable) An alcoholic drink fermented from starch material, commonly barley malt; often with hops or some other substance (like gruit) to impart a bitter flavor.
bière demi
(countable) A glass, bottle, or can of any of the above beverages.

beer and skittles n
bon temps
(chiefly, UK, idiomatic) Fun times; pleasure and leisure.

beer belly beer bellies n
sac à bière panse à bière
A protruding belly caused by excess fat stored in the abdomen and colloquially attributed to the consumption of beer.

beer mat beer mats n
sous-bock
A small square cardboard mat, often with an advertisement for a brewery on it, that is used to rest one's glass on, and to protect the surface of a table or a bar in a pub.

beer muscles n
panse à bière
(idiomatic, humorous) A protruding stomach, supposedly indicative of excessive consumption of beer.

beer parlour beer parlours n
brasserie taverne
(Canada) A bar, selling beer, that has tables where customers may congregate socially.

beerstone n
bierstein
(uncountable) A precipitate of calcium oxalate and related organic compounds which forms in brewery vessels and other equipment for handling and serving beer.

beeswax /ˈbiːzwæks/ beeswaxes n
cire d'abeille cire d’abeille
A wax secreted by bees from which they make honeycomb; or, the processed form of this wax used in the manufacture of various goods.

beet /biːt/ beets n
betterave bette
Beta vulgaris, a plant with a swollen root which is eaten or used to make sugar.

beet sugar beet sugars n
vergeoise
Sugar made from sugar beet as opposed to sugar cane.

beetle /ˈbiːtəl/ [ˈbiɾəɫ] beetles n
scarabée coccinelle
Any of numerous species of insect in the order Coleoptera characterized by a pair of hard, shell-like front wings which cover and protect a pair of rear wings when at rest.
mailloche
A type of mallet with a large wooden head, used to drive wedges, beat pavements, etc.

beetle-browed more beetle-browed most beetle-browed adj
sourcilleux
(especially British English) Making an unfriendly, sullen, or scowling face.

beetroot /ˈbit.ɹut/ /ˈbiː.tɹʉːt/ /ˈbiːt.ɹuːt/ [ˈbiː.t͡ʃɹʉːt] beetroots n
betterave
(UK, NZ, AU) A normally deep-red-coloured root vegetable usually cooked or pickled before eating; Synonym of beet.

befit /bɪˈfɪt/ v
convenir à être approprié pour
to be fit for

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ adv
avant
At an earlier time.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ conjunction
avant que
In advance of the time when.
(informal) Rather or sooner than.

before /biˈfɔɹ/ /bəˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /bɪˈfoə/ /bɪˈfɔɹ/ /bɪˈfɔː/ preposition
avant avant que
Earlier than (in time).
devant avant
In front of in space.
avant
Under consideration, judgment, authority of (someone).
In front of, according to a formal system of ordering items.

before dark
avant la tombée de la nuit
Before night begins to fall.

before you can say knife phraseologicalUnit
en moins de temps qu'il ne faut pour le dire

beforehand /bɪˈfo(ː)ɹhænd/ /bɪˈfoəhænd/ /bɪˈfɔɹhænd/ /bɪˈfɔːhænd/ adv
au préalable auparavant préalablement à l'avance
At an earlier or preceding time.

befuddle /bɪˈfʌdl/ v
brouiller confondre épater
(transitive) To perplex, confuse (someone).

beg /bɛɡ/ v
mendier quémander quêter
(intransitive) To request the help of someone, often in the form of money.
implorer supplier
(transitive) To plead with someone for help, a favor, etc.; to entreat.

beget /biˈɡɛt/ /bəˈɡɛt/ /bɪˈɡɛt/ v
engendrer procréer
To father; to sire; to produce (a child).
engendrer
To cause; to produce.

begetter begetters n
géniteur procréateur
A procreator; one who begets.
(figuratively) An originator; a creator.

beggar /ˈbɛɡə/ /ˈbɛɡɚ/ beggars n
mendiant mendiante gueux quêteux
A person who begs.

beggar belief v
dépasser l'entendement

beggar-ticks n
bident
Any of several plants, of the genus Bidens, having yellow flowers and prickly fruit.

beggars can't be choosers proverb
faute de grives, on mange des merles
(idiom) Something is better than nothing: those who can't provide for themselves should accept whatever help is available.

begging /ˈbɛɡɪŋ/ beggings n
manche
The act of one who begs.

begin /biˈɡɪn/ /bəˈɡɪn/ /bɪˈɡɪn/ v
commencer démarrer mettre
(ambitransitive) To start, to initiate or take the first step into something.

beginner /bəˈɡɪnɚ/ /bɪˈɡɪnə/ beginners n
débutant débutante
Someone who is just starting at something, or has only recently started.

beginner slope beginner slopes n
piste verte

beginner's luck n
chance du débutant
Good luck supposedly enjoyed during a beginner's first attempt.

beginning /bɪˈɡɪn.ɪŋ/ beginnings n
commencement début
(uncountable) The act of doing that which begins anything; commencement of an action, state, or space of time; entrance into being or upon a course; the first act, effort, or state of a succession of acts or states.
That which begins or originates something; the source or first cause.
début ébauche
That which is begun; a rudiment or element.
début
The initial portion of some extended thing.

beginning of the end n
début de la fin
The point when something starts to end or become worse.

begone /bəˈɡɒn/ v
ouste
(expressing a desire or a command for someone or something to go away)

begonia /bəˈɡoʊni.ə/ /bəˈɡəʊniː.ə/ begonias n
bégonia
Any plant of the large genus of Begonia.

beguile /bɪˈɡaɪl/ v
duper induire en erreur tromper
(transitive) To deceive or delude (using guile).
emporter exalter ravir
(transitive) To charm, delight or captivate.

beguiling more beguiling most beguiling adj
séduisant
That beguiles or beguile.

beguinage beguinages n
béguinage
A walled community of small houses occupied by the Beguines.

beguine /beɪˈɡiːn/ /bə.ˈɡiːn/ beguines n
beguine
A ballroom dance, similar to a slow rumba, originally from French West Indies and popularized abroad largely through the song "Begin the Beguine"; the music for the dance.

behave /bəˈheɪv/ /bɪˈheɪv/ v
conduire tenir
comporter se comporter
(intransitive) To act, conduct oneself in a specific manner; used with an adverbial of manner.

behavior /bɪˈheɪvjə/ /bɪˈheɪvjɚ/ behaviors n
comportement conduite
(countable, uncountable) The way a living creature behaves or acts generally.
(uncountable) The way a device or system operates.

behavioral adj
comportemental
(American spelling) Of or relating to behavior.

behaviorism behaviorisms n
comportementalisme béhaviorisme
An approach to psychology focusing on observable behavior which, generally assuming that behavior is determined by the environment and denying any independent significance for mind, largely ignores any pathophysiological processes which may, or may not, underlie subjective, behavioral phenomena.

behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ /bɪˈheɪvjɚəl/ adj
comportemental
(British spelling) Of or pertaining to behaviour.

behavioural science behavioural sciences n
science comportementale
The systematic analysis and investigation of human and animal behaviour through controlled and naturalistic observation and disciplined scientific experimentation.

behead /bɪˈhɛd/ v
décapiter
(transitive) To deliberately remove the head of; to cut off (someone's) head.

beheader beheaders n
décapiteur
One who beheads or decapitates.

beheading beheadings n
décapitation
An instance of a person being beheaded.

behemoth /bəˈhi(ː).məθ/ /ˈbiː.əˌməθ/ behemoths n
Béhémoth
(Bible) A great and mighty beast which God shows to Job in Job 40:15–24.
béhémot béhémoth
(by extension) Any great and mighty monster.

behest /biˈhest/ /biˈhɛst/ /bɪˈhest/ /bɪˈhɛst/ behests n
demande
A command, bidding; sometimes also, an authoritative request; now usually in the phrase at the behest of. [from 12th c.]

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ behinds n
revers
The rear, back-end.
derrière
(informal) The buttocks, bottom, butt.

behind /bəˈhaɪnd/ /bɪˈhaɪnd/ /ˈbiːˌhaɪnd/ preposition
derrière après
At or to the back or far side of.
après derrière
After in physical progress or distance.
After in time.
Less forward or advanced than; after.
derrière
In support of.

behind bars
au violon derrière les barreaux
(figuratively, idiomatic) In jail, in prison.

behind closed doors
à huis clos en privé
(idiomatic) In private; in one's private life; lacking (normal) public disclosure, in camera.

behind every successful man there stands a woman /bə-/ /bɪˈhaɪnd ˌɛvɹi səkˈsɛsfl̩ ˈmæn ðɛə ˈstændz ə ˈwʊmən/ /bɪˈhaɪnd ˌɛvɹi səkˈsɛsfl̩ ˈmæn ðɛɚ ˈstændz ə ˈwʊmən/ proverb
tout homme qui réussit a une femme derrière lui
A man’s achievements are made possible by the support and work of their wife or female partner.

behind someone's back
dans le dos de à l'insu de
(idiomatic) Without somebody's knowledge; secretly.

behind the scenes /bəˈhaɪnd ðə siːnz/ /bɪˈhaɪnd ðə siːnz/
dans les coulisses en coulisse de l'autre côté du décor
(idiomatic, figurative) In secret; out of public view.

behind the times
désuet hors d'âge passé de mode vieillot
(idiomatic) Out of date; old-fashioned; obsolete; outmoded; outdated.

behind the wheel
au volant
In control of a vehicle; driving.

behind time
en retard à la bourre
(idiomatic) Late, arriving late.

behold /bɪˈhoʊld/ /bɪˈhəʊld/ interjection
voici voilà

behold /bɪˈhoʊld/ /bɪˈhəʊld/ v
regarder voir observer
To look at or see (someone or something), especially appreciatively; to descry, to look upon.

beholden /bɪˈhoʊldən/ /bɪˈhəʊldən/ adj
redevable
(usually with 'to') Obligated to provide, display, or do something for another; indebted, obliged.

beholder /bɪˈhoʊldɚ/ /bɪˈhəʊldə/ beholders n
observateur regardeur
Someone who observes or beholds; an observer or spectator.

behove /biˈhoʊv/ /bɪˈhəʊv/ v
seoir
(transitive, formal) To befit, to suit.
incomber
(transitive, formal) To be necessary for (someone).

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiger beigest more beige most beige adj
beige
Having a slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

beige /ˈbeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbeɪʒ/ beiges n
beige
A slightly yellowish gray colour, as that of unbleached wool.

beignet /bɛnˈjeɪ/ /ˈbɛn.jeɪ/ beignets n
beignet
(US) A Louisiana-style fried doughnut or fritter covered in powdered sugar.

being /ˈbiŋ/ /ˈbiɪŋ/ /ˈbiːŋ/ /ˈbiːɪŋ/ beings n
être créature
A living creature.
être existence
The state or fact of existence, consciousness, or life, or something in such a state.

bejel n
lépre du nord maladie de Scherlievo pian de Nérac
Endemic syphilis, a chronic disease of skin and tissue caused by infection by a subspecies of the spirochete Treponema pallidum.

bejeweled more bejeweled most bejeweled adj
bijouté paré(e) de bijoux
Covered in jewels, especially as decoration.

bel /bɛl/ bels n
bel
A measure of relative power, defined as log10(P 1/P 2), where P1 and P2 are the measured and reference power respectively.

belated /bɪˈleɪtɪd/ more belated most belated adj
tardif
Later in relation to the proper time something should have happened.

belatedly more belatedly most belatedly adv
avec du retard en retard tardivement
In a belated manner; tardily.

belay /bɪˈleɪ/ /ˈbiːleɪ/ v
assurer
(transitive, climbing) To handle a climbing rope to prevent (a climber) from falling to the ground.

belch /ˈbɛltʃ/ belches n
rot
An instance of belching; the sound that it makes.

belch /ˈbɛltʃ/ v
roter éructer
(ambitransitive) To expel (gas) from the stomach through the mouth; especially, to do so loudly.

beleaguer /bəˈliː.ɡə/ /bɪˈli.ɡɚ/ /bɪˈliː.ɡə/ v
assiéger investir
To besiege; to surround with troops.

beleaguered /bɪˈliːɡəd/ more beleaguered most beleaguered adj
éprouvé assiégé en difficulté mal en point à bout de souffle
(figurative) Beset by trouble or difficulty.

belfry /ˈbɛlfɹi/ belfries n
beffroi clocher
(architecture) A tower or steeple typically containing bells, especially as part of a church.
beffroi
(obsolete) A movable tower used in sieges.
(obsolete) An alarm-tower; a watchtower possibly containing an alarm-bell.

belie /biˈlaɪ/ /bəˈlaɪ/ /bɪˈlaɪ/ v
démentir
(transitive) To contradict, to show (something) to be false. [from 17th c.]

belief /bəˈliːf/ /bɪˈliːf/ beliefs n
croyance
Mental acceptance of a claim as true.
(countable) Something believed.
(in the plural) One's religious or moral convictions.
conviction croyance
(uncountable) The quality or state of believing.
croyance foi
(uncountable) Religious faith.

believability n
crédibilité
The state or quality of being believable.

believable /bɪˈliːvəbl̩/ more believable most believable adj
croyable
Capable of being believed; credible.

believe /bi-/ /bə-/ /bɪˈliv/ /bɪˈliːv/ v
croire penser
(transitive) To accept as true, particularly without absolute certainty (i.e., as opposed to knowing).
(intransitive) To have religious faith; to believe in a greater truth.
croire
(transitive) To accept that someone is telling the truth.
To believe that (something) is right or desirable.
To have confidence in the ability or power of.
croire en croire à
To ascribe existence to.

believe it or not adv
croyez-le ou non
(idiomatic) This may be surprising, but it's true.

believe one's ears v
ne pas en croire ses oreilles
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one hears is truly the case.

believe one's eyes v
en croire ses yeux
(idiom, chiefly in the negative) To believe that something which one directly sees is truly the case.

believer /bɪˈlivɚ/ /bɪˈliːvə/ believers n
croyant croyante
A person who believes; especially regarding religion.

belittle /bɪˈlɪt.əl/ v
déprécier rabaisser
(transitive) To knowingly say that something is smaller or less important than it actually is, especially as a way of showing contempt or deprecation. [from 1782]

bell /bɛl/ bells n
cloche
A percussive instrument made of metal or other hard material, typically but not always in the shape of an inverted cup with a flared rim, which resonates when struck.
sonnette
An instrument that emits a ringing sound, situated on a bicycle's handlebar and used by the cyclist to warn of their presence.
sonnerie
The sounding of a bell as a signal.
coup de fil
(chiefly, British, informal) A telephone call.
sonnerie cloche
A signal at a school that tells the students when a class is starting or ending.
pavillon
(music) The flared end of a brass or woodwind instrument.
(architecture) The part of the capital of a column included between the abacus and neck molding; also used for the naked core of nearly cylindrical shape, assumed to exist within the leafage of a capital.

bell curve bell curves n
courbe de Gauss
(mathematics) The bell-shaped curve that is typical of the normal distribution. [from 1919]

bell housing bell housings n
carter
A cover over certain parts of the transmission in a motor vehicle.

bell pepper bell peppers n
poivron
(North America, Philippines) Capsicum annuum, an edible spicy-sweet fruit, originating in the New World.

bell the cat v
attacher le grelot
(idiomatic) To undertake a dangerous action in the service of a group.

bell tower bell towers n
clocher beffroi
A tower in which a bell (or set of bells) is hung; a belfry.

bell-bottoms n
pattes d'éléphant
(plurale tantum) Pants that are flared from the knee downwards, a characteristic style of the 1970s.

bell-end /ˈbɛlɛnd/ bell-ends n
gland nœud
(Britain, Ireland, , slang, vulgar) The glans penis.

bell-gable bell-gables n
clocher-mur
(architecture) An element crowning the upper end of the wall of a church and in which a bell is hung, usually in lieu of a campanile or bell tower.

bellboy /ˈbɛlˌbɔɪ/ bellboys n
chasseur
A male worker, usually at a hotel, who carries luggage and runs errands.

belle /bɛl/ belles n
beauté belle
An attractive woman.

belles-lettres /ˌbɛlˈlɛtɹ(ə)/ n
belles-lettres
(archaic) Literature, particularly light compositions valued for their aesthetic properties.

bellflower bellflowers n
campanule
Any flowering plants in the genus Campanula.
Flowering plants in the genera, Campanulastrum, Codonopsis, or Platycodon, in the family Campanulaceae.

bellgirl bellgirls n
chasseuse
A female bellhop.

bellicism /ˈbɛlɪsɪzm̩/ n
bellicisme
An inclination to war; warlike policy or behaviour.

bellicist more bellicist most bellicist adj
belliciste
Of or relating to bellicism, a bellicist, bellicists, advocating war, who is war-centered or war-oriented.

bellicose /ˈbɛləkoʊs/ /ˈbɛlɪkoʊs/ more bellicose most bellicose adj
belliqueux
Warlike in nature; aggressive; hostile.
Showing or having the impulse to be combative.

belligerence belligerences n
belligérance hargne
The state of being belligerent; aggressive inclination to war. [1804]

belligerent /bəˈlɪdʒ.(ə).ɹənt/ /bəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ə.ɹənt/ more belligerent most belligerent adj
belligérant
Engaged in warfare, warring.
belliqueux
Eager to go to war, warlike.
(by extension) Aggressively hostile, eager to fight.
Acting violently towards others.
bellique
Of or pertaining to war.

belligerent /bəˈlɪdʒ.(ə).ɹənt/ /bəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ə.ɹənt/ belligerents n
belligérant
A state or other armed participant in warfare

bellmaker bellmakers n
fondeur de cloches
someone who makes bells

bellow /ˈbɛloʊ/ /ˈbɛləʊ/ v
mugir
To make a loud, deep, hollow noise like the roar of an angry bull.
beugler
To shout in a deep voice.

bellows /ˈbɛl.oʊz/ /ˈbɛl.əs/ /ˈbɛl.əʊz/ bellows n
soufflet
A device for delivering pressurized air in a controlled quantity to a controlled location. At its most simple terms a bellows is a container which is deformable in such a way as to alter its volume which has an outlet or outlets where one wishes to blow air.

bells and whistles n
fanfreluche fioritures frivolités futilités tralala
(idiomatic) Extra features added for show rather than function; fancy additions or features.

bellwether /ˈbɛlwɛðə/ /ˈbɛlwɛðɚ/ bellwethers n
menon
The leading sheep of a flock, having a bell hung round its neck.

belly /ˈbɛli/ bellies n
ventre
The abdomen, especially a fat one.

belly dance belly dances n
danse du ventre danse orientale
A form of dance originating in the Middle East and characterized by movements of the torso.

belly flop belly flops n
plat
(diving) A style of diving into a body of water in which the surface impact is made mostly by one's abdomen.

bellyache /ˈbɛliˌeɪk/ bellyaches n
mal au ventre
Any pain in the belly, stomach, or abdomen.

belong /bɪˈlɑŋ/ /bɪˈlɒŋ/ /bɪˈlɔŋ/ v
appartenir faire partie
(followed by to) To be a part of a group.
(intransitive, followed by to) To be part of, or the property of.
avoir sa place
(intransitive) To have its proper place.
faire partie trouver sa place
(of a person) To be accepted in a group.

belonging /bɪˈlɑŋɪŋ/ /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ/ belongings n
appartenance
(uncountable) The feeling that one belongs.
affaire bien possession
(countable, mostly, in the plural) Something physical that is owned.

beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ more beloved most beloved adj
bien-aimé chéri
Much loved, dearly loved.

beloved /bɪˈlʌvd/ /bɪˈlʌvɪd/ beloveds n
amant amante
Someone who is loved; something that is loved.

below /bɪˈloʊ/ /bɪˈləʊ/ adv
en bas
In or to a lower place.
(nautical) On or to a lower deck, especially as relative to the main deck.
en bas en dessous
On or to a lower storey.
ci-dessous
Later in the same text.

below /bɪˈloʊ/ /bɪˈləʊ/ preposition
sous au-dessous
Lower in spatial position than.

below average more below average most below average adj
en dessous de la moyenne inférieur à la moyenne

below the belt /bəˈloʊ ðə bɛlt/ /bɪˈləʊ ðiː bɛlt/
en dessous de la ceinture déloyal
(by extension, idiomatic) Unfair; dirty; not according to the generally accepted rules.

belt /bɛlt/ belts n
ceinture
A band used as a restraint for safety purposes, such as a seat belt.
(baseball) The part of the strike zone at the height of the batter's waist.
courroie ceinture
A band that is used in a machine to help transfer motion or power.
ceinture région
(usually, capitalized) A geographical region known for a particular product, feature or demographic (Corn Belt, Bible Belt, Black Belt, Green Belt).

beluga /bəˈluɡə/ /bəˈluːɡə/ belugas n
béluga bélouga
A cetacean, Delphinapterus leucas, found in the Arctic Ocean.

belvedere /ˈbɛl.vəˌdɪɹ/ /ˈbɛl.vɪ.dɪə/ belvederes n
belveder belvédère
(architecture) A turret or other raised structure offering a pleasant view of the surrounding area.

bemoan /bɪˈmoʊn/ /bɪˈməʊn/ v
déplorer
(transitive) To moan or complain about (something).

bemol /ˈbiːmɒl/ bemols n
bémol
(music, obsolete) The flat symbol (♭), or a flattened note.

bemuse /bəˈmjuːz/ /bɪˈmjuːz/ v
déconcerter stupéfier
(transitive) To confuse or bewilder.

bemused /bɪˈmjuːzd/ more bemused most bemused adj
perplexe
deeply thoughtful; preoccupied
perplexe stupéfait
perplexed and bewildered

bemusement bemusements n
préoccupation
The state of being bemused.

bename v
appeler
(transitive) To name; give a name (to); mention by name; nominate; denominate; call.

bench /bɛntʃ/ /bɛnt͡ʃ/ /bɛnʃ/ benches n
banc
(government) A long seat for politicians in a parliamentary chamber.
(sports) The place where players (substitutes) and coaches sit when not playing.
A horizontal padded surface, usually adjustable in height and inclination and often with attached weight rack, used for proper posture during exercise.

bench grinder bench grinders n
touret à meuler
A grinder, typically with a pair of grinding wheels (one at each end of the motor shaft) that is designed to be permanently mounted on a workbench.

bench press /ˈbɛntʃ.pɹɛs/ bench presses n
développé couché
(weightlifting) An exercise performed by pressing the weight of a barbell away from one's body while lying on a bench.

benchmark /ˈbɛn(t)ʃmɑːk/ benchmarks n
critère
A standard by which something is evaluated or measured.
point de référence repère
A surveyor's mark made on some stationary object and shown on a map; used as a reference point.

bend /bɛnd/ /bɪnd/ bends n
virage
A curve.
nœud
Any of the various knots which join the ends of two lines.
bande
(heraldiccharge) One of the honourable ordinaries formed by two diagonal lines drawn from the dexter chief to the sinister base; it generally occupies a fifth part of the shield if uncharged, but if charged one third.

bend /bɛnd/ /bɪnd/ v
courber tordre
(intransitive) To become curved.
tourner
(transitive) To cause to change direction.
incliner
(intransitive) To bow in prayer, or in token of submission.
plier soumettre
(transitive) To force to submit.
courber plier tordre pencher baisser soumettre
(transitive, nautical) To tie, as in securing a line to a cleat; to shackle a chain to an anchor; make fast.

bend down v
baisser
To bend one's legs while upright to get to a lower position.

bend over v
se pencher se replier
To bend one's upper body forward and down while standing or kneeling.

bend over backwards v
se couper en quatre se donner du mal se mettre en quatre se plier en quatre
(idiomatic, informal) To make a great effort; to take extraordinary care; to go to great lengths.

bend sinister bends sinister n
barre
(heraldiccharge) A diagonal band on a coat of arms going from the sinister chief (the viewer's top right) to the dexter base, sometimes held to indicate bastardy.

bend someone's ear v
rebattre les oreilles
(idiomatic) To bore; to talk too long, especially to one particular person.

bend the knee v
courber l'échine se soumettre
(idiom) To submit to another's authority.

bend the truth v
déformer la vérité
(idiomatic) To change or leave out certain facts of a story or situation, generally in order to elicit a specific response in the audience.

bender /ˈbɛndə/ /ˈbɛndɚ/ benders n
beuverie biture cuite muflée murge soûlerie
(slang) A bout of heavy drinking.
pédale tarlouze
(chiefly, UK, slang, derogatory) A homosexual man.

bending /ˈbɛndɪŋ/ bendings n
flexion
A motion or action that bends.

bendiocarb n
bendiocarbe

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ adv
dessous
Below or underneath.

beneath /bɪˈniːθ/ preposition
sous
Below.

benediction /ˌbɛnəˈdɪkʃən/ benedictions n
bénédiction
A short invocation for help, blessing and guidance from God, said on behalf of another person or persons (sometimes at the end of a church worship service).

benedictional benedictionals n
bénédictionnaire
a book of benedictions.

benefactive case benefactive cases n
bénéfactif
(grammatical case) A case used to indicate beneficiary, or the receiver of the benefit. It corresponds roughly to the English prepositions for, for the benefit of, in the interests of, intended for, and on behalf of.

benefactor /ˈbɛnəˌfaktə/ /ˈbɛnəˌfæktɚ/ benefactoress benefactors benefactress benefactrix n
bienfaiteur bienfaitrice
Somebody who gives a gift, often money to a charity.

beneficent /bəˈnɛ.fə.sənt/ /bəˈnɛ.fɪ.sənt/ more beneficent most beneficent adj
bienfaisant miséricordieux

beneficial /ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl/ more beneficial most beneficial adj
bénéfique bienfaisante
Helpful or good to something or someone.
bénéficial
Relating to a benefice.

beneficiary /bɛn.əˈfɪʃ.iˌɚ.i/ /ˌbɛn.əˈfɪʃ.əɹ.i/ /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.əɹ.i/ /ˌbɛn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ɚ.i/ beneficiaries n
bénéficiaire
One who benefits or receives an advantage.
(especially, trust law) One who benefits from the distribution, especially out of a trust or estate.

benefit /ˈbɛn.ə.fɪt/ /ˈbɛn.ɪ.fɪt/ benefits n
bénéfice avantage
An advantage; help or aid from something.
subvention
(insurance) A payment made in accordance with an insurance policy or a public assistance scheme.
bénéfice
An event, such as a theatrical performance, given to raise funds for some cause.

benefit /ˈbɛn.ə.fɪt/ /ˈbɛn.ɪ.fɪt/ v
profiter
(intransitive) To receive a benefit (from); to be a beneficiary.

benefit of the doubt benefits of the doubt n
bénéfice du doute
A favorable judgement given in the absence of full evidence.

benefit tourism n
tourisme social

benevolence /bəˈnɛvələns/ benevolences n
bienveillance bénévolence
(uncountable) Disposition to do good.

benevolent /bəˈnɛvələnt/ more benevolent most benevolent adj
bienveillant
Having a disposition to do good.

benign /bɪˈnaɪn/ benigner benignest more benign most benign adj
bénin
Kind; gentle; mild.
(medicine) Not posing any serious threat to health; not particularly aggressive or recurrent.

bent /bɛnt/ benter bentest more bent most bent adj
courbé
(Of something that is usually straight) Folded, dented.

bentgrass bentgrasses n
terrenne traînasse
Any of numerous reedy grass species of the genus Agrostis.

benthic /ˈbɛnθɪk/ adj
benthique
Pertaining to the benthos; living on the seafloor, as opposed to floating in the ocean.

benthos /ˈbɛnθɒs/ benthoses n
benthos
The flora and fauna at the bottom of a body of water.

bentonite bentonites n
bentonite

benzaldehyde benzaldehydes n
benzaldéhyde
(organic compound, uncountable) A chemical compound (C6H5CHO) consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent.

benzene /ˈbɛnziːn/ benzenes n
benzène
(organic compound) An aromatic hydrocarbon of formula C6H6 whose structure consists of a ring of alternate single and double bonds.

benzidinic adj
benzidinique

benzo- /bɛn.zoʊ/ /bɛn.zə(ʊ)/ /bɛn.zə/ prefix
benzo-
(organic chemistry) Related to benzene or benzoic acid.

benzoate benzoates n
benzoate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of benzoic acid.

benzodiazepine /ˌbɛnzoʊdaɪˈæzɪpiːn/ benzodiazepines n
benzodiazépine
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of psychoactive drugs, structured upon diazepine, used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia and other related disorders.

benzoic adj
benzoïque
Pertaining to, or obtained from, benzoin.
(organic chemistry) Derived from benzoic acid or its derivatives.

benzoic acid n
acide benzoïque
(carboxylic acid) A white crystalline organic acid, C6H5COOH; the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid; used as a food preservative and in many other industrial applications.

benzoin /ˈbɛnzɔɪn/ /ˈbɛnzəʊɪn/ benzoins n
benjoin benzoïne
A resinous substance, dry and brittle, obtained from Styrax benzoin, a tree of Sumatra, Java, etc., having a fragrant odor, and slightly aromatic taste. It is used in the preparation of benzoic acid, in medicine, and as a perfume. [from 16th c.]

benzol benzols n
benzol
(organic chemistry) An impure benzene (mixed with toluene etc), used in the arts as a solvent, and for various other purposes.

benzopyrene benzopyrenes n
benzopyrène
(organic compound) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (having five fused benzene rings) that is both mutagenic and carcinogenic

benzoyl /ˈbɛnzəʊ.aɪl/ /ˈbɛnzəʊ.ɪl/ benzoyls n
benzoyle
(organic chemistry, especially in combination) A univalent radical formally derived from benzoic acid, C6H5CO-, by removal of the hydroxyl group

benzylic adj
benzylique

bequeath /bɪˈkwiːð/ /bɪˈkwiːθ/ v
léguer transmettre
(legal) To give or leave by will; to give by testament.
passer transmettre
To hand down; to transmit.
donner offrir
To give; to offer; to commit.

bequest /bɪˈkwɛst/ bequests n
testament
The transfer of property upon the owner's death according to the will of the deceased.
héritage legs
A person's inheritance; an amount of property given by will.

berate /bɪˈɹeɪt/ v
réprimander admonester fustiger
(transitive) to chide or scold vehemently

berceuse /bɛɹˈsuz/ berceuses n
berceuse
(music) A composition that resembles a lullaby, often in 6/8 time.

bere /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ n
escourgeon
(chiefly, Scotland) Barley, especially four-rowed barley or six-rowed barley.

bereave /bɪˈɹiːv/ v
arracher
(transitive) To take away someone or something that is important or close; deprive.

bereavement bereavements n
deuil privation
The state of being bereaved; deprivation; especially the loss of a relative by death.

bereft /bəˈɹɛft/ adj
privé de
Deprived of, stripped of, robbed of.

beret /bəˈɹeɪ/ /ˈbɛɹeɪ/ berets n
béret
A type of round, brimless cap with a soft top and a headband to secure it to the head; usually culturally associated with France.

bergamot /ˈbɜːɡəˌmɒt/ /ˈbɝɡəˌmɑt/ bergamots n
bergamote
The fruit from the bergamot tree

bergshrund bergshrunds n
rimaye
(geology) A large crack or crevasse in a glacier where the glacier is pulling away from the mountain.

beriberi beriberis n
béribéri
(pathology) An ailment caused by a deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1), leading to lethargy and organ complications.

berkelium /bɜːɹˈkiːliəm/ /ˈbɜːɹkliəm/ n
berkélium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bk) with an atomic number of 97.

berry /ˈbɛɹ.i/ berries n
baie
A small succulent fruit, of any one of many varieties.
(botany) A soft fruit which develops from a single ovary and contains seeds not encased in pits.

bersagliere /-i/ /-sæl-/ /-sɑl-/ /-ˈlɛɹ-/ /ˌbɛɹ.səlˈjɛɹ.eɪ/ bersaglieri n
bersaglier bersallier
A marksman or rifleman in certain Italian regiments.

berserk /-ˈsɜːk/ /-ˈzɚk/ /bəˈsɚk/ /bəˈzɜːk/ /bɚˈsɚk/ /bɜː-/ /ˈbɚˌsɚk/ /ˈbɜːsɜːk/ more berserk most berserk adj
fou furieux
Furiously, injuriously, or maniacally violent or out of control.

berserk /-ˈsɜːk/ /-ˈzɚk/ /bəˈsɚk/ /bəˈzɜːk/ /bɚˈsɚk/ /bɜː-/ /ˈbɚˌsɚk/ /ˈbɜːsɜːk/ berserks n
berserk
(historical) Synonym of berserker (“a Norse warrior who fought in a frenzy”)

berth /bɜːθ/ /bɝθ/ berths n
couchette
A fixed bunk for sleeping (in caravans, trains, etc).
marge de manœuvre
Room for maneuvering or safety. (Often used in the phrase a wide berth.)

beryl /ˈbɛɹ.əl/ beryls n
béryl
(uncountable, mineral) A mineral of pegmatite deposits, often used as a gemstone.

beryllium /bəˈɹɪl.i.əm/ berylliums n
béryllium
The chemical element (symbol Be) with an atomic number of 4; a soft silvery-white low density alkaline earth metal with specialist industrial applications.

beseech /bɪˈsiːt͡ʃ/ v
implorer supplier prier
to request or beg for

beshrew v
maudire
(transitive, archaic) To invoke or wish evil upon; to curse.

beside /biˈsaɪd/ /bəˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsaɪd/ /bɪˈsʌɪd/ preposition
à côté de auprès
Next to; at the side of.
outre
Not relevant to.

beside oneself
dépassé ne plus se sentir
(idiomatic) Overcome; consumed by an emotion.

beside the point adj
c'est pas le problème
(idiomatic) Irrelevant, moot.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ adv
en outre en plus de plus de surcroît par ailleurs au reste
(conjunctive) Also; in addition.
en outre en plus de plus au reste d'ailleurs d'autre part
(conjunctive) Used to emphasize an additional point, especially an important or stronger reason; moreover; furthermore.
sinon
Otherwise; else.

besides /biˈsaɪdz/ /bəˈsaɪdz/ /bɪˈsaɪdz/ preposition
au reste d'autre part d'un autre côté de plus de surcroît du reste
In addition to.
sauf excepté
Other than; except for; instead of.

besiege /bəˈsiːd͡ʒ/ v
assiéger
(transitive) To beset or surround with armed forces for the purpose of compelling to surrender, to lay siege to, beleaguer.
assaillir
to assail or ply, as with requests or demands.

besmirch /bɪˈsmɜːtʃ/ /bɪˈsmɝːt͡ʃ/ v
salir
(transitive, literary) To make dirty.
avilir salir
(transitive) To tarnish something, especially someone's reputation.

bespectacled /bɪˈspɛktəkəld/ more bespectacled most bespectacled adj
binoclard bésiclard à lunettes
Wearing spectacles (glasses).

bespoke /bəˈspoʊk/ /bɪˈspəʊk/ adj
personnalisé sur mesure
Individually or custom-made.

best /ˈbɛst/ bests n
meilleur meilleure mieux
(uncountable) The supreme effort one can make, or has made.
meilleur meilleure
(uncountable) One's best behavior.
meilleur meilleure crème dessus du panier fleur élite
(countable) The person (or persons; or thing or things) that is (are) most excellent.

best /ˈbɛst/ v
battre aplatir dominer défaire enfoncer surpasser
(transitive) To beat in a contest.

best boy /ˈbɛstˌbɔɪ/ best boys n
second électricien
(film production) The first assistant to either the key grip (in charge of camera placement and movement) or the gaffer (in charge of lighting and electrics).

best friend best friends n
meilleur ami meilleure amie
An especially close and trusted friend.

best man best men n
témoin garçon d’honneur
The primary attendant to the groom in a wedding ceremony.

best practice best practices n
bonne pratique
(mostly, business) A well-defined procedure that is known to produce near-optimum results.

best regards n
amicalement cordialement
(idiomatic) Used as a polite closing of a letter

best-case scenario best-case scenarios n
meilleur des cas
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any better; the best possible outcome.

best-selling adj
à succès
(marketing) Highly popular with consumers purchasing goods within a specific class.

bestest adj
plus meilleur
(nonstandard, informal, humorous, or, childish) best; the best of the best

bestiality /ˈbistiˌælɪti/ /ˈbɛstʃəlˌlɪtɪ/ /ˌbist͡ʃiˈælɪti/ /ˌbɛst͡ʃiˈælɪti/ bestialities n
bestialité zoophilie
Sexual activity between a human and another animal species.
bestialité
(archaic) A status of lower animal.

bestiary /ˈbiːstiˌɛri/ /ˈbɛstiˌɛri/ bestiaries n
bestiaire
A medieval treatise of various real or imaginary animals.

bestow /bɪˈstoʊ/ /bɪˈstəʊ/ v
consacrer
To apply or make use of (someone or something); to employ, to use.
accorder conférer décerner remettre
To impart (something) gratuitously; to present (something) to someone or something, especially as a gift or an honour; to confer, to give.
disposer de
To place or put (someone or something) somewhere or in a certain situation; to dispose of.

bestride /bəˈstɹaɪd/ [bɪˈstɹaɪd] v
chevaucher
(transitive) To be astride something, to stand over or sit on with legs on either side, especially to sit on a horse.

bestseller bestsellers n
bestseller
A book or other product that has sold in large numbers.

bet /ˈbɛt/ bets n
pari
A wager, an agreement between two parties that a stake (usually money) will be paid by the loser to the winner (the winner being the one who correctly forecast the outcome of an event).

bet /ˈbɛt/ v
parier
To stake or pledge upon the outcome of an event; to wager.

bet one's boots v
mettre sa main au feu mettre sa main à couper

beta /ˈbeɪtə/ /ˈbiːtə/ /ˈbɛtə/ adj
bêta
(of a person, object or action) Associated with the beta male/female archetype.

beta /ˈbeɪtə/ /ˈbiːtə/ /ˈbɛtə/ betas n
bêta
The second letter of the Greek alphabet (Β, β), preceded by alpha (Α, α) and followed by gamma, (Γ, γ). In modern Greek it represents the voiced labiodental fricative sound of v found in the English words have and vase.

beta blocker /ˈbeɪ.tə ˈblɔk.ɚ/ beta blockers n
bêta-bloquant
(pharmaceutical drug) A blocking agent, one of a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and control the rate at which the heart beats.

beta ray beta rays n
rayon bêta
A stream of beta particles (fast-moving electrons propagating through a gas or vacuum), such as emitted by a radioactive substance.

beta version beta versions n
version bêta
(computing) An early version of a program or application that contains most of the major features, but is not yet complete. Sometimes these versions are released only to a select group of people, or to the general public, for testing and feedback. This is the second major stage of development following the alpha version, and comes before the release candidate.

beta-carotene /biː.təˈka.ɹə.tiːn/ /ˌbeɪ.təˈkɛɹ.əˌtin/ n
bêta-carotène

betamethasone /ˌbeɪ.təˈmɛθ.əˌsoʊn/ n
&beta;-méthasone betaméthasone bêta-méthasone

betatron betatrons n
bêtatron
(physics) A form of cyclotron used to accelerate electrons to high speed.

betel /ˈbiːtəl/ betels n
bétel
the seed of the betel palm, Areca catechu: the betel nut
A quid (chewing preparation) containing these and other plant materials; paan.

betel bag betel bags n
sac à bétel
A small bag of cloth, often decorated, originally used for carrying betel leaf in south-east Asia.

betel nut betel nuts n
noix d’arec
An egg-shaped seed of the betel palm; wrapped in the leaves of the betel pepper and chewed.

betel pepper betel peppers n
bétel
An Asiatic plant, Piper betle, whose leaves are used to wrap betel nuts for chewing.

betelseller betelsellers n
vendeur de bétel vendeuse de bétel
Seller of betel; someone who sells betel.

beth /bɛt/ /bɛθ/ beths n
bet beth bèt
The second letter of the Aramaic alphabet, 𐡁
The second letter of the Hebrew alphabet, ב

betony /ˈbɛtəni/ betonies n
bétoine épiaire
Stachys officinalis (syn. Betonica officinalis, an herb used in traditional European medicine.

betray /bəˈtɹeɪ/ /bɪˈtɹeɪ/ v
trahir livrer
(transitive) To deliver into the hands of an enemy by treachery or fraud, in violation of trust; to give up treacherously or faithlessly.
trahir
(transitive) To prove faithless or treacherous to, as to a trust or one who trusts; to be false to; to deceive.
(transitive) To violate the confidence of, by disclosing a secret, or that which one is bound in honor not to make known.

betroth /bəˈtɹoʊð/ /bəˈtɹəʊð/ v
fiancer
To promise to give in marriage.
To promise to take (as a future spouse); to plight one's troth to.

betrothal /bəˈtɹoʊ.ðəl/ /bəˈtɹəʊ.ðəl/ betrothals n
fiançailles accordailles
The fact of being betrothed; a mutual promise, engagement, or contract for a future marriage between two people.

betrothed /bɪˈtɹəʊðd/ /bɪˈtɹəʊθt/ betrotheds n
fiancé fiancée
One who is betrothed, i.e. a fiancé or fiancée.

betta bettas n
combattant
Any fish of the genus Betta, especially Betta splendens (the Siamese fighting fish).

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] adj
meilleur
Healed or recovered from an injury or illness.

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] adv
mieux meilleur
(colloquial, _, shortening) Had better.

better /ˈbɛtə/ /ˈbɛtəɹ/ [ˈbeɾɐ] [ˈbeɾə] [ˈbeʔə] [ˈbɛtʰə] [ˈbɛtʰɚ~ˈbɛθ̠ɚ~ˈbɛt̪ɚ] [ˈbɛɾɚ] [ˈbɛʔɚ~ˈbɛʔəɾ] v
améliorer
(transitive) To give advantage to; to support; to advance the interest of.

better half better halves n
douce moitié meilleure moitié moitié
A person's spouse or lover, most commonly a man's wife.

better late than never adv
mieux vaut tard que jamais
It is s better to do something late, than to never do it at all.

better safe than sorry proverb
mieux vaut prévenir que guérir
It is preferable to be cautious in one's choices and actions than to act recklessly and suffer afterwards.

better than nothing adj
mieux que rien
Barely useful; almost worthless or pointless, but nevertheless better than having nothing at all.

betterer betterers n
améliorateur
One who betters, makes something better.

betterment betterments n
amélioration
An improvement.

betting shop betting shops n
boutique de paris

between /bəˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwin/ /bɪˈtwiːn/ [bɪˈtʰwin] preposition
entre
In the position or interval that separates (two things), or intermediate in quantity or degree. (See Usage notes below.)
Shared in confidence.
In transit from (one to the other, or connecting places).
One of (representing a choice).

between Scylla and Charybdis /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪlə.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/ /bəˈtwiːn.ˈsɪləɹ.ænd.kəˈɹɪbdɪs/
de Charybde en Scylla
(idiomatic) Between two dangers.

between a rock and a hard place
entre l'arbre et l'écorce entre le marteau et l'enclume être pris entre deux feux
(idiom) In a difficult and inescapable position. [from early 20th c.]
entre la peste et le choléra entre le marteau et l'enclume
(idiomatic) Having the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.

between jobs
chômeur chômeuse sans emploi
(euphemistic) Unemployed.

between the hammer and the anvil
entre le marteau et l'enclume la peste ou le choléra
(chiefly, UK, idiomatic) With the choice between two unpleasant or distasteful options; in a predicament or quandary.

between you and me
entre nous entre nous soit dit
In confidence; used to impose an obligation to keep something being discussed secret.

betwixt /bɪˈtwɪkst/ preposition
entre
(literary, or, archaic) Between.

bevel /ˈbɛv.əl/ bevels n
biseau
An edge that is canted, one that is not a 90-degree angle; a chamfer.

bevel /ˈbɛv.əl/ v
biseauter aiguiser chanfreiner
(transitive) To give a canted edge to a surface; to chamfer.

beverage /ˈbɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ beverages n
boisson breuvage
(mostly, North America) A liquid to consume; a drink, such as tea, coffee, liquor, beer, milk, juice, or soft drinks, usually excluding water.
(Britain, slang, archaic) (A gift of) drink money.

bevor /ˈbivɚ/ /ˈbiːvə/ bevors n
bavière
(historical) A portion of plate armour to protect the lower face and the neck, typically in two parts, called upper bevor and lower bevor.

bevy /ˈbɛvi/ bevies n
passée vol
(collective) A small group of persons, especially of girls and women.

bewail /bɪˈweɪl/ v
déplorer pleurer
To wail over; to feel or express deep sorrow for

beware /biˈwɛɚ/ /bəˈwɛɚ/ /bɪˈwɛɚ/ v
faire attention
(defective, ambitransitive) To use caution, pay attention to (used both with and without of).

beware of the dog phraseologicalUnit
attention au chien attention, chien méchant
(This entry is a translation hub.)

bewilder /bɪˈwɪldə(ɹ)/ /bɪˈwɪldɚ/ v
abasourdir confondre déconcerter dérouter désorienter
(transitive) To confuse, disorientate, or puzzle someone, especially with many different choices.

bewildered /bəˈwɪldəd/ /bəˈwɪldɚd/ more bewildered most bewildered adj
confusionné déconcerté dérouter
Baffled, confused, mystified, at a loss, not thinking clearly, or uncertain.

bewildering /bɪˈwɪldəɹɪŋ/ /bɪˈwɪldɹɪŋ/ more bewildering most bewildering adj
abasourdissant
Very baffling, confusing, or perplexing, often due to a very large choice being available.

bewilderment /bɪˈwɪldəmənt/ /bɪˈwɪldəɹmənt/ bewilderments n
confusion perplexité ahurissement
The state of being bewildered.

bewitch /bəˈwɪt͡ʃ/ v
ensorceler envoûter
(transitive) To cast a spell upon.

bewitched /bɪˈwɪt͡ʃt/ more bewitched most bewitched adj
ensorcelé
Under a spell; subject to an act of witchcraft.
(Of a person) entranced, charmed, fascinated, as though subject to a magical influence.

bewitching /bəˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ/ more bewitching most bewitching adj
envoutement envoûtement
Enchanting.

bey /beɪ/ /bæɪ/ beys n
bey
(historical) A governor of a province or district in the Turkish dominions

beyond /biˈ(j)ɑnd/ /bɪˈjɒnd/ /bɪˈjɛnd/ preposition
au-delà par-delà
Further away than.
au-delà
On the far side of.

beyond a reasonable doubt
au-delà de tout doute raisonnable
(legal) A legal standard for deciding the outcome of a criminal charge, requiring evidence that is sufficient to eliminate any doubts that a reasonable person might entertain about whether a claim is more likely to be true than not.

beyond a shadow of a doubt
sans l'ombre d'un doute
Without any doubt or hesitation at all.

beyond the grave
outre-tombe
After death.

beyond the pale /biˌ(j)ɑnd ðə ˈpeɪl/ /bɪˌjɒnd ðə ˈpeɪl/
dépasser les bornes inacceptable inadmissible
(idiomatic) Of a person or their behaviour: outside the bounds of what is acceptable, or regarded as good judgment, morality, ethics, etc.

bez /bɛz/ bezes n
andouiller de fer andouiller médian sur-andouiller
The second tine of an antler's beam, the bezantler.

bezant /ˈbɛzənt/ bezants n
besant
(history) A coin made of gold or silver, minted at Byzantium and used in currency throughout mediaeval Europe.

bezel /ˈbɛz.əl/ bezels n
chaton monture
The rim and flange which encompasses and fastens a jewel or other object, such as the crystal of a watch, in the cavity in which it is set.

bezoar /ˈbi.zɔɹ/ /ˈbiː.zɔː/ bezoars n
bézoard
A mass, usually of hair or undigested vegetable matter, found in a human or animal's intestines, similar to a hairball.

bezoar goat /biː.zɔː ɡɔʊt/ /biː.zɔː ɡəʊt/ /ˈbi.zɔɹ ɡoʊt/ [ˈbi.zɔɹ ɡoʊ(ʔ)t̚] [ˈbi.zɔɹ ɡoʊʔ(t̚)] bezoar goats n
chèvre égagre
A wild goat, Capra aegagrus, native to Asia Minor and the Middle East and also found on Crete, now believed ancestral to the domestic goat.

bhikkhu /ˈbɪkuː/ bhikkhus n
bhikshu
A male Buddhist monk or priest; one who follows all Buddhist precepts as a full member of the sangha.

bhut jolokia bhut jolokias n
jolokia piment jolokia

bi /baɪ/ adj
bi
(LGBT, slang) Bisexual.

bi- /baɪ-/ /bɪ-/ prefix
bi-
two, paired, both

bi-curious /baiˈkjɚ.i.jɪs/ /bʌɪˈkjɔː.ɹɪəs/ /bʌɪˈkjʊə.ɹɪəs/ more bi-curious most bi-curious adj
bi-curieux
(LGBT) Interested in having relationships with both men and women, curious about one's potential bisexuality; especially, of heterosexual people, considering a first sexual experience with a member of the same sex.

biangbiang noodles /ˈbi.æŋ ˈbi.æŋ/ /ˈbi.ɑŋ ˈbi.ɑŋ/ n
nouilles biang biang
A type of thick noodle from China's Shaanxi province, said to be named for the sound a noodle makes when slapped against the work surface while being made, and famed for the unusually complex Chinese character used in its name ([[఻ޣChinese|఻ޝ]／[[఻ݣChinese|఻ݝ]).

bias /ˈbaɪəs/ biases biasses n
préjugé parti-pris
(countable, uncountable) Inclination towards something.
biais
(statistics) The difference between the expectation of the sample estimator and the true population value, which reduces the representativeness of the estimator by systematically distorting it.

biased /ˈbaɪəst/ more biased most biased adj
partial qui a du parti pris qui n'est pas impartial
Exhibiting bias; prejudiced.

biathlete biathletes n
biathlète
(sports) An athlete who competes in the biathlon.

biathlon /-lɒn/ /baɪˈæθlən/ /baɪˈæθˌlɑn/ biathlons n
biathlon
(winter sports, uncountable) Racing combining cross-country skiing and rifle shooting; (countable) a particular instance of such a race.

biaxial adj
biaxe biaxial
(mathematics, astronomy) Having two axes of rotation and two planes of symmetry (e.g. having the shape of a spheroid)

bib /bɪb/ bibs n
bavoir bavette
An item of clothing for people (especially babies) tied around their neck to protect their clothes from getting dirty when eating.
dossard
(sports) A rectangular piece of material, carrying a bib number, worn as identification by entrants in a race.
chasuble
(sports) A colourful polyester or plastic vest worn over one's clothes, usually to mark one's team during group activities.
bavette
The upper part of an apron or overalls.

bibimbap bibimbaps n
bibimbap
A Korean dish of white rice topped with vegetables, beef, a whole egg, and gochujang (chili pepper paste).

bible /ˈbaɪbəl/ bibles n
Bible bible
(by extension) A comprehensive manual that describes something, or a publication with a loyal readership.

biblical /ˈbɪblɪkəl/ more biblical most biblical adj
biblique
Of or relating to the Bible.
In accordance with the teachings of the Bible (according to some interpretation of it).
(figurative) Very great; especially, exceeding previous records in scale.

biblically adv
bibliquement
In a biblical manner.
(euphemistic) Carnally; in the biblical sense.

biblio- prefix
biblio-
book

bibliographer bibliographers n
bibliographe
A person who compiles bibliographies, or who studies bibliography.

bibliographic more bibliographic most bibliographic adj
bibliographique
Of or pertaining to bibliography.

bibliography /bɪbliɒɡɹəfi/ bibliographies n
bibliographie
A section of a written work containing citations, not quotations, to all the books referred to in the work.
A list of books or documents relevant to a particular subject or author.
habbo bibliographie
The study of the history of books in terms of their classification, printing and publication.

bibliology bibliologies n
bibliologie
The study of the history of books and the art of printing.

bibliomancy bibliomancies n
bibliomancie
Divination by interpreting a passage chosen at random from a book, especially from the Bible.

bibliomania /ˌbɪbliəˈmeɪniə/ bibliomanias n
bibliomanie
A passion for owning valuable books.

bibliomaniac bibliomaniacs n
bibliomane
A person who is obsessed with owning books, especially valuable ones.

bibliometric adj
bibliométrique
Of or pertaining to bibliometrics.

bibliometrics n
bibliométrie
The statistical analysis of texts, especially of published literature and especially of reference citations as semantically important connections between articles.

bibliopegy n
bibliopégie

bibliophile bibliophiles n
bibliophile
One who loves books.

bibliophilia n
bibliophilie
The love of books.

bibliophobe bibliophobes n
bibliophobe
One who who fears and hates books, book-learning or reading.

bibliophobia n
bibliophobie
The fear or dislike of books.

bibliotherapy bibliotherapies n
bibliothérapie
A nonpharmacological therapy using reading materials to meet people’s therapeutic or developmental needs.

biblist /ˈbɪblɪst/ biblists n
bibliste
One who holds the Bible as the sole rule of faith.
A biblical scholar; a biblicist.

bicalutamide /ˌbaɪ.kəˈlu.təˌmaɪd/ n
bicalutamide

bicameral /bʌɪˈkaməɹəl/ adj
bicaméral
Being or having a system with two, often unequal, chambers or compartments; of, signifying, relating to, or being the product of such a two-chambered system.
(government) Of, having, or relating to two separate legislative chambers or houses.
(typography) Of a script or typeface: having two cases, upper case and lower case.

bicameralism bicameralisms n
bicaméralisme
(government) The practice of dividing legislative bodies into two chambers with complementary powers and limitations designed to provide checks and balances against one another.

bicarbonate bicarbonates n
bicarbonate
(chemistry) the univalent anion HCO3-; any salt of carbonic acid in which only one of the hydrogen atoms has been replaced. [from 1814]
sodium bicarbonate used as a mild antacid; bicarbonate of soda

bicaudal adj
bicaudé

bicephalous adj
bicéphale
(zoology) Having two heads.

biceps /ˈbaɪ.sɛps/ biceps bicepses n
biceps
(anatomy) Any muscle having two heads.

biceps brachii biceps brachii biceps brachiorum n
muscle biceps brachial
(anatomy) The flexor in the upper arm.

biceps femoris /ˈbaɪsɛps ˈfɛmərɪs/ biceps femoris biceps femorum n
biceps fémoral
(anatomy) The flexor of the knee, a two-headed muscle in the back of the upper leg.

bichon /biʃɔn/ bichons n
bichon bichonne
(especially, North America) A Bichon Frisé.

bicipital /baɪˈsɪp.ə.təl/ /baɪˈsɪp.ɪ.təl/ adj
bicipital
Of or pertaining to a biceps.

bicker /ˈbɪkə/ /ˈbɪkɚ/ v
se chamailler
To quarrel in a tiresome, insulting manner.

bickering bickerings n
chamaillerie
Petty quarreling. Usually considered a childish behaviour, although often applied to adults.

bickern /ˈbɪkən/ bickerns n
bigorne
An anvil with two projecting taper ends.

bicolour adj
bicolore bichrome
(Commonwealth spelling) Having two colours

biconcave adj
biconcave
(optics, anatomy) Having both sides concave

bicorn bicorns n
bicorne
(historical) A two-cornered hat worn by European and American military and naval officers from the 1790s.

bicultural /baɪˈkəlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /baɪˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ʊ)əɹəl/ /baɪˈkʌlt͡ʃɹ(ə)l/ more bicultural most bicultural adj
biculturel
Adapted to two separate cultures.

bicultural /baɪˈkəlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /baɪˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ʊ)əɹəl/ /baɪˈkʌlt͡ʃɹ(ə)l/ biculturals n
biculturel biculturelle
A person belonging to two cultures.

biculturalism biculturalisms n
biculturalisme
The state or quality of being bicultural

bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌɪsɪkəl/ bicycles n
bicyclette vélo vélocipède
A vehicle that has two wheels, one behind the other, a steering handle, and a saddle seat or seats and is usually propelled by the action of a rider’s feet upon pedals.

bicycle /ˈbaɪsɪk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌɪsɪkəl/ v
faire de la bicyclette faire du vélo pédaler rouler à vélo
(ambitransitive) To travel or exercise using a bicycle.
(television, historical, transitive) To physically ship (a recorded programme) to another broadcasting entity.

bicycle bridge bicycle bridges n
passerelle cyclable
A bridge specifically for cyclists.

bicycle carrier bicycle carriers n
porte-vélo

bicycle helmet bicycle helmets n
casque de vélo casque vélo
A helmet intended to be worn while riding a bicycle.

bicycle kick bicycle kicks n
bicyclette
(soccer) A kick in which the kicker leans backwards and kicks the ball back over his head.

bicycle lane bicycle lanes n
bande cyclable
A lane of a roadway designated for use by cyclists.

bicycle path bicycle paths n
piste cyclable
A path, segregated from other traffic, for the use of riders of bicycles

bicycle pump bicycle pumps n
pompe à vélo
A handheld pump used to inflate the tyres of bicycles.

bicycle stand bicycle stands n
arceau à vélo
A device to which bicycles may be securely attached while not in use.

bicycle touring n
cyclotourisme
Touring on a bicycle. (This entry is a translation hub.)

bicycle tourist n
cyclotouriste
A person who travels for fun on a bicycle. (This entry is a translation hub.)

bid /bɪd/ bids n
enchère
An offer at an auction, or to carry out a piece of work.

bid /bɪd/ v
demander ordonner
(transitive) To issue a command; to tell.
faire une enchère
(intransitive) To make an offer to pay or accept a certain price.
demander inviter proposer
(transitive) To invite; to summon.
soumissionner
(transitive) To offer as a price.
dire exprimer
(transitive) To utter a greeting or salutation.
annoncer
(ambitransitive, card games) To announce (one's goal), before starting play.

bidder /ˈbɪdɚ/ [ˈbɪɾɚ] bidders n
enchérisseur enchérisseuse
Someone who bids (all senses), but most commonly, one offers to pay a specified price at an auction

bidding price bidding prices n
prix demandé
(finance) A price offered by a buyer/bidder when he or she buys a good.

biddy /ˈbɪdi/ biddies n
rombière
(derogatory) A woman, especially an old woman; especially one regarded as fussy or mean or a gossipy busybody.
petit
A name used in calling a hen or chicken, often as "biddy-biddy-biddy".

bide one's time v
attendre son heure
(intransitive, idiomatic) To wait, especially for a suitable opportunity.

bident bidents n
bident
A form of spear having two prongs.

bidet /bɪˈdeɪ/ /ˈbiːdeɪ/ bidets n
bidet
A low-mounted plumbing fixture or type of sink intended for washing the external genitalia and the anus.

bidirectional /ˌbaɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-/ adj
bidirectionnel
Moving in two directions (usually opposite).
Operating or functioning in two directions (usually opposite).

bidon /-dɒ̃/ /ˈbidɑn/ /ˈbiːdɒn/ bidons n
bidon
A bottle or flask for holding a beverage such as water or wine; (specifically, sports) a water bottle which can be squeezed to squirt the beverage out of the nozzle, especially (cycling) one designed for mounting on a bicycle.

bidual biduals n
bidual

biennale biennales n
biennale
A biennial celebration or exhibition

biennial /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/ adj
biennal bisannuel
Happening every two years.
biennal
Lasting for two years.

biennial /baɪˈɛn.i.əl/ biennials n
bisannuelle
A plant that requires two years to complete its life-cycle, germinating and growing in its first year, then producing its flowers and fruit in its second year, after which it usually dies.

bier /bɪə/ /bɪɚ/ biers n
civière
A litter to transport the corpse of a dead person.
catafalque lit mortuaire
A platform or stand where a body or coffin is placed.

biface bifaces n
biface
(archaeology) A double-sided stone tool

bifocals n
verres bifocaux verres double foyer
Spectacles that have corrective lenses of two different powers; used by people who need both distance and reading glasses.

bifurcate /baɪˈfɚkeɪt/ /baɪˈfɚkət/ /baɪˈfɛːkeɪt/ /baɪˈfɛːkɪt/ /ˈbaɪfəˌkeɪt/ /ˈbaɪfɚˌkeɪt/ v
bifurquer
(intransitive) To divide or fork into two channels or branches.

bifurcation /ˌbaɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌbaɪfɚˈkeɪʃən/ bifurcations n
bifurcation
(geography) A place where two roads, tributaries etc. part or meet.

big /bɪɡ/ bigger biggest adj
grand gros
Of great size, large.
grand
(informal) Adult; (of a child) older.

big air n
big air grand saut

big baby /bɪɡ ˈbeɪbi/ big babies n
gros bébé
(derogatory) An adult or youth prone to immature behavior associated with babies, such as tantrums or pouting.

big boy big boys n
grand garçon
(idiomatic, informal) An adult male, considered to be sufficiently mature and independent.

big break big breaks n
percée
(entertainment, idiomatic) A breakthrough, especially the first big hit of a previously unknown performer or performers in the entertainment industry.

big cat big cats n
fauve
Any large feline animal, especially one of the Panthera genus, including tigers, lions, jaguars and leopards.

big cheese big cheeses n
gros bonnet grosse légume huile big boss bonze grand chef
(idiomatic) A very important figure, especially a high-ranking person in an organization.

big data /-ˈdædə/ /-ˈdɑːdə/ /ˌbɪɡ ˈdeɪdə/ /ˌbɪɡ ˈdeɪtə/ n
mégadonnées
Data on a very large scale, such that it can only be gathered or processed with computers, especially with reference to its potential to allow for new breakthroughs or understanding in a particular field of study.

big day big days n
grand jour
Any day on which something significant or momentous happens.

big deal interjection
et alors et puis la belle affaire
(idiomatic, informal, ironic) Indicates that something is not important or impressive; so what.

big deal big deals n
affaire drame en faire tout un plat grosse légume huile montagne
(idiomatic, informal) Someone very important; a VIP.

big enough and ugly enough adj
majeur et vacciné

big fat /ˈbɪɡ.fæt/ adj
gros intégral sacré
(idiomatic, pejorative) Complete, utter, total.
bon gros énorme
(idiomatic, colloquial) Huge, colossal.

big final big finals n
grande finale

big mouth big mouths n
grande gueule
(idiomatic) The mouth of someone who talks too much, especially by making exaggerated claims or by inappropriately revealing information.
(idiomatic) A person who talks too much, especially by making exaggerated claims or by inappropriately revealing information.

big name big names n
ténor
(idiomatic) A prominent individual, especially one who is favorably regarded.

big picture /bɪɡ ˈpɪk(t)ʃɚ/ big pictures n
vue d'ensemble
The totality of a situation.

big screen big screens n
grand écran
The large viewing surface upon which films are projected in a cinema.

big spender big spenders n
flambeur
(idiomatic) One who frequently makes large purchases, especially of extravagant goods.

big toe big toes n
gros orteil pouce du pied hallux
(anatomy) The largest toe (usually) on each human foot (i.e. the toe closest to the other foot when the feet are flat on the ground, side by side, and the legs not crossed) or on a foot of certain other animals.

big-headed more big-headed most big-headed adj
avoir la grosse tête
Arrogant, having an exaggerated perception of one's positive qualities.

bigamist /ˈbɪɡəmɪst/ bigamists n
bigame
One who practices bigamy.

bigamy /ˈbɪɡəmi/ bigamies n
bigamie
The state of having two (legal or illegal) spouses simultaneously.

bigender /baɪˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ /baɪˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ adj
bigenre
Having two genders simultaneously: both male and female.

bighorn sheep bighorn sheep n
mouflon du Canada
Certain North American species of sheep

bigophone bigophones n
bigophone bigotphone

bigorexia n
bigorexie
(medicine) A mental disorder in which the sufferer perceives himself to have inadequate musculature; most common among bodybuilders

bigot /ˈbɪɡət/ bigots n
intolérant sectaire fanatique
One who is narrow-mindedly devoted to their own ideas and groups, and intolerant of (people of) differing ideas, races, genders, religions, politics, etc.

bigoted /ˈbɪɡətɪd/ more bigoted most bigoted adj
intolérant sectaire
Having the characteristics of a bigot; strongly prejudiced; forming opinions without just cause.

bigotry /ˈbɪɡ.ə.tɹi/ bigotries n
bigoterie
Characteristic qualities of a bigot: (especially religious, anti-religious or racial) intolerant prejudice, opinionatedness, or fanaticism; fanatic intolerance.

bigtime more bigtime most bigtime adj
de première magistral sacré
Of major significance or importance.

bigtime adv
carrément magistralement sacrément vachement
To a significant degree.

bigwig /ˈbɪɡ.wɪɡ/ bigwigs n
huile gros bonnet grosse légume
(jocular) A person of importance to a group or organization.

bijection /baɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ bijections n
bijection
(set theory) A one-to-one correspondence, a function which is both a surjection and an injection.

bijective adj
bijectif
(mathematics, of a map) Both injective and surjective.

bijectivity n
bijectivité
The property of being bijective.

bijuralism n
bijuridisme

bike /baɪk/ [bɐɪk] bikes n
vélo moto pute traînée
(slang, derogatory) Ellipsis of village bike.

bike /baɪk/ [bɐɪk] v
faire du vélo biker
(intransitive) To ride a bike.

biker /ˈbajkɚ/ /ˈbaɪ̯kɚ/ /ˈbɑjkə/ bikers n
biker bikeur bikeuse motard motarde motocycliste
A person whose lifestyle is centered on motorcycles, sometimes a member of a motorcycle club.

bikini /bɪˈkiːni/ bikinis n
bikini deux-pièces
A brief bathing suit worn by men.

bikini bottom bikini bottoms n
culotte de bain
The bottom half of a bikini.

bikini line bikini lines n
maillot
The part of a woman's pubic region not covered by a swimsuit; normally shaved or waxed free of pubic hair.

bilabial /baɪ.ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ adj
bilabial
(phonetics) Articulated with both lips.

bilateral /baɪˈlætəɹəl/ more bilateral most bilateral adj
bilatéral
Having two sides.

bilaterian bilateria bilaterians n
bilatérien
(zoology) Any animal that has bilateral symmetry, collectively grouped in the clade Bilateria.

bilayer bilayers n
bicouche
Any structure consisting of two layers of molecules

bilberry /ˈbɪlb(ə)ɹɪ/ bilberries n
myrtille
Vaccinium myrtillus, the wild European blueberry of the cowberry family.

bildungsroman /ˈbɪl.dʊŋz.ɹoʊˌmɑːn/ /ˈbɪl.dʊŋzˌɹoʊ.mən/ bildungsromane bildungsromans n
bildungsroman roman d'apprentissage
A novel tracing the spiritual, moral, psychological, or social development and growth of the main character, usually from childhood to maturity.

bile /baɪl/ biles n
bile fiel
A bitter brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow secretion produced by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and discharged into the duodenum where it aids the process of digestion.
bile
Bitterness of temper; ill humour; irascibility.

bile duct bile ducts n
voies biliaires
(anatomy) Any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile.

bilge /bɪld͡ʒ/ bilges n
sentine fond de cale
(nautical) The lowest inner part of a ship's hull, where water accumulates.

bilge pump bilge pumps n
pompe de cale
(nautical) A small pump fitted in ships and boats to pump the bilges clear of water.

bilin bilins n
biline
(biochemistry) Any of various biological pigments formed in many organisms as a metabolic product of certain porphyrins.

bilinear adj
bilinéaire
(linear algebra, of a function in two variables) Linear (preserving linear combinations) in each variable.

bilingual /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /baɪˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
bilingue
Having the ability to speak two languages fluently.
Spoken or written in two different languages.

bilingualism bilingualisms n
bilinguisme
The condition of being bilingual; the ability to speak two languages.

bilious /ˈbɪl.i.əs/ /ˈbɪl.jəs/ more bilious most bilious adj
biliaire bilieuse bilieux
Of or pertaining to something containing or consisting of bile.
bilieux insuffisant hépatique
(pathology) Suffering from real or supposed liver disorder, especially excessive secretions of bile.
atrabilaire bileux coléreux colérique
Peevishly ill-humored, irritable or bad tempered; irascible.

bilirubin /bɪlɪˈɹuːbɪn/ bilirubins n
bilirubine
(biochemistry) A bile pigment that is a product of the breakdown of the heme portion of hemoglobin (which occurs within macrophages as they digest red blood cells), and which is responsible for the yellowish color seen in bruises. Extremely high levels of bilirubin may cause jaundice.

biliteral adj
bilitère
Composed of two letters

biliverdin biliverdins n
biliverdine
(biochemistry) A green tetrapyrrolic bile pigment, a product of heme catabolism, responsible for the greenish color sometimes seen in bruises.

bilk /bɪlk/ v
laisser tomber
(transitive) To do someone out of their due; to deceive or defraud, to cheat (someone).

bill /bɪl/ [bɪɫ] bills n
facture
A written list or inventory. (Now obsolete except in specific senses or set phrases; bill of lading, bill of goods, etc.)
bec
The beak of a bird, especially when small or flattish; sometimes also used with reference to a platypus, turtle, or other animal.
hallebarde
Any of various bladed or pointed hand weapons, originally designating an Anglo-Saxon sword, and later a weapon of infantry, especially in the 14th and 15th centuries, commonly consisting of a broad, heavy, double-edged, hook-shaped blade, with a short pike at the back and another at the top, attached to the end of a long staff.
acte note tract
A document, originally sealed; a formal statement or official memorandum. (Now obsolete except with certain qualifying words; bill of health, bill of sale etc.)
promontoire
A beak-like projection, especially a promontory.
serpe serpette
A cutting instrument, with hook-shaped point, and fitted with a handle, used in pruning, etc.; a billhook.
projet de loi proposition de loi
A draft of a law, presented to a legislature for enactment; a proposed or projected law.
hallebardier
Somebody armed with a bill; a billman.
greffe
(obsolete, law) A declaration made in writing, stating some wrong the complainant has suffered from the defendant, or a fault committed by some person against a law.
bec
(nautical) The extremity of the arm of an anchor; the point of or beyond the fluke (also called the peak).
addition facture
A written note of goods sold, services rendered, or work done, with the price or charge; an invoice.

bill /bɪl/ [bɪɫ] v
publier
(transitive) To advertise by a bill or public notice.
piocher
(transitive) To dig, chop, etc., with a bill.
facturer
(transitive) To charge; to send a bill to.
se battre bec et ongles
to stroke bill against bill, with reference to doves; to caress in fondness

bill of exchange bills of exchange n
lettre de change
(banking) A document demanding payment from another party, especially used in international trade.

bill of fare bills of fare n
carte menu
(old-fashioned) A written or printed enumeration of the dishes served at a banquet, or of the dishes (with prices listed) that may be ordered at a restaurant, etc.

bill of lading bills of lading n
connaissement
(shipping) A document issued by a carrier (e.g. master of a ship or the ship owner's agent) to a shipper listing a ship's cargo, acknowledging receipt of said cargo, and specifying terms for its delivery.

bill of materials bills of materials n
nomenclature
(manufacturing, computing) A computerized list of materials and components, structured in a manner to support computer-based materials procurement and production scheduling.

bill of rights bills of rights n
déclaration de droits
(legal) A formal statement of the rights of a specified group of people.

billboard billboards n
panneau d'affichage
A very large outdoor sign, generally used for advertising.
(nautical) A piece of thick plank, armed with iron plates, and fixed on the bow or fore-channels of a vessel, for the bill or fluke of the anchor to rest on.

billeting billetings n
cantonnement
The lodging of soldiers.

billhook billhooks n
serpe serpette
An agricultural hand tool often with a curved or hooked end to the blade used for pruning or cutting thick, woody plants.
(written as bill-hook) A part of the knotting mechanism in a reaper-binder or baler (agricultural machinery).

billiard /ˈbɪl.i.ə(ɹ)d/ billiards n
carambole
A shot in billiards or snooker in which the cue ball strikes two other balls; a carom.

billiard /ˈbɪl.i.ɑː(ɹ)d/ billiards numeral
billiard
(British, rare) 1015, a thousand billion (long scale) or a million milliard.

billiards /ˈbɪl.jɚdz/ /ˈbɪlɪədz/ n
billards billard
(games, British) A two-player cue sport played with two cue balls and one red ball, on a snooker sized table.

billion /ˈbɪljən/ billions numeral
milliard billion
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) a thousand million (logic: 1,000 × 1,0002): 1 followed by nine zeros, 109; a milliard
billion
(dated, British & Australian, long scale) A million million (logic: 1,000,0002): a 1 followed by twelve zeros; 1012
milliards millions
(colloquial, hyperbole) An unspecified very large number.

billionaire /ˌbɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌbɪl.jəˈnɛɚ/ billionaires n
milliardaire
Somebody whose wealth is greater than one billion (109) dollars, or other currency.

billionth /ˈbɪl.i.ənθ/ billionths n
milliardième
The person or thing in the billionth position.

billow /ˈbɪloʊ/ /ˈbɪləʊ/ billows n
flot
A large wave, swell, surge, or undulating mass of something, such as water, smoke, fabric or sound

billow /ˈbɪloʊ/ /ˈbɪləʊ/ v
ondoyer
To surge or roll in billows.

billposting n
affichage placardage
The sticking of posters, notices and advertisements on walls.

billsticker billstickers n
afficheur
Someone who sticks up advertisements on billboards, walls, and similar surfaces.

billy goat billy goats n
bouc
(childish) A male goat.

billycan billycans n
gamelle
(UK, Australia, South Africa) A lightweight pot for cooking or boiling water, used in camping.

bilocation /baɪləʊˈkeɪʃən/ bilocations n
bilocation
(Forteana) The ability to be, or fact of being, in two places at once.

bilocular adj
biloculaire
Having two chambers, cells or compartments

bimbo /ˈbɪmboʊ/ /ˈbɪmbəʊ/ bimboes bimbos n
gourde sexy pitoune ravissante idiote
(derogatory, slang) A physically attractive woman who lacks intelligence.
andouille couillon idiot neuneu
(derogatory, slang) A stupid or foolish person.

bimester bimesters n
bimestre

bimetallism bimetallisms n
bimétallisme
(economics) The use of a monetary standard based upon two different metals, traditionally gold and silver usually in a fixed ratio of values.

bimillenary adj
bimillénaire

bimillennial /baɪˈmɪlɛn.i.əl/ adj
bimillénaire
Occurring every 2,000 years.

bimonthly adv
bimestriel bimensuel
Once every two months; bimestrially.

bimoraic adj
bimorique
(phonology, of a syllable) Having two morae, i.e. being composed of either two short vowels, or one long vowel, or a diphthong.

bin /bɪn/ bins n
boîte conteneur
A box, frame, crib, or enclosed place, used as a storage container.
poubelle
A container for rubbish or waste.

bin /bɪn/ v
benner
(chiefly, British, informal) To dispose of (something) by putting it into a bin, or as if putting it into a bin.

binary /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹi/ /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹɪ/ /ˈbaɪ.nɛɹ.i/ more binary most binary adj
binaire
Being in one of two mutually exclusive states.
(logic) Concerning logic whose subject matter concerns binary states.
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers and calculations using the binary number system.
Having two equally important parts; related to something with two parts.
(mathematics, programming, computer engineering) Of an operation, function, procedure, or logic gate, taking exactly two operands, arguments, parameters, or inputs; having domain of dimension 2.
(computing) Of data, consisting coded values (e.g. machine code) not interpretable as plain or ASCII text (e.g. source code).

binary /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹi/ /ˈbaɪ.nə.ɹɪ/ /ˈbaɪ.nɛɹ.i/ binaries n
binarité
(mathematics, computing, uncountable) The bijective base-2 numeral system, which uses only the digits 0 and 1.
exécutable
(computing) ; a file consisting of data other than human-readable text.

binary distribution binary distributions n
paquet binaire
(computing) A distribution of software containing executable binaries, without source code.

binary number binary numbers n
nombre binaire

binary operator binary operators n
opérateur binaire
(algebra, computing) A symbol representing binary operation; an operator taking two operands.

binary relation binary relations n
relation binaire
(set theory, order theory, "on" a set A) A subset of the Cartesian product A×A (the set of ordered pairs (a, b) of elements of A).

binary star binary stars n
étoile binaire
(astronomy) A stellar system in which two stars orbit around their center of mass; double star.

binary tree binary trees n
arbre binaire
(mathematics, computer science) A data structure in which each node has at most two children, each node but the root has one parent, and there are no cycles.

binaural adj
binaural
Of, relating to, affecting, or designed for use with two ears.

binbag /ˈbɪmbaɡ/ /ˈbɪnbaɡ/ binbags n
sac poubelle
Synonym of bin liner.

bind /baɪnd/ v
lier connecter
(intransitive) To tie; to confine by any ligature.
(transitive) To confine, restrain, or hold by physical force or influence of any kind.
(transitive, computer programming) To process one or more object modules into an executable program.
(intransitive, , LGBT) To wear a binder so as to flatten one's chest to give the appearance of a flat chest, usually done by trans men.
lier attacher nouer
(transitive) To tie or fasten tightly together, with a cord, band, ligature, chain, etc.
lier connecter coupler
(transitive) To couple.
relier
(transitive) To put together in a cover, as of books.

binder /ˈbaɪndə/ /ˈbaɪndəɹ/ /ˈbaɪndɚ/ /ˈbʌɪndəɹ/ [ˈbəi̯nd(ə)ɹ] binders n
reliure
A cover or holder for unbound papers, pages, etc.

binding /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/ more binding most binding adj
contraignant obligatoire
(of an agreement, contract, etc.) Imposing stipulations or requirements that must be honoured.

binding /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/ bindings n
reliure liaison
The spine of a book where the pages are held together.
reliure
(sewing) A finishing on a seam or hem of a garment.
(programming) The association of a named item with an element of a program.
liaison
(chemistry) The action or result of making two or more molecules stick together.

bindle /ˈbɪndl/ /ˈbɪndəl/ bindles n
balluchon
(Canada, US, , slang) Any bundle or package; specifically one containing narcotics such as cocaine, heroin, or morphine.

bindweed /ˈbaɪndwiːd/ bindweeds n
liseron
The black bindweed (Fallopia convolvulus).

binge drinking n
beuverie express
The consumption of excessive amounts of alcohol in a short period of time.

binge eating disorder n
syndrome d'hyperphagie incontrôlée
(medicine) Recurrent binge eating, but without the purging associated with bulimia nervosa.

binge watching n
binge watching marathon
The viewing of numerous episodes of a TV show in one sitting.

binge-watch v
marathoner visionnage en rafale visionnement en rafale visionner boulimiquement écoute en rafale
To watch multiple episodes of a television programme in a short period of time.

bingo /ˈbɪŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ interjection
ça y est
(informal) Used when finding what one has been looking for or trying to recall, or on successful completion of a task.

bingo /ˈbɪŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ bingos n
bingo
(uncountable) A game of chance for two or more players, who mark off numbers on a grid as they are announced by the caller; the game is won by the first person to call out "bingo!" or "house!" after crossing off all numbers on the grid or in one line of the grid.
scrabble
(countable, Scrabble, US) A play where all seven of a player's letter tiles are played, awarding a score bonus.

binky /ˈbɪŋki/ binkies n
doudou
(informal, childish) A stuffed animal, pillow, blanket, or toy that a small child is more attached to than any other, and often sleeps with.

binnacle /ˈbɪnəkəl/ binnacles n
habitacle
(nautical) The wooden housing for a ship's compass, with its corrector magnets and illuminating arrangements. The log and other equipment for measuring the ship's speed are also stowed there.

bino binos n
bino
(physics) The superpartner of the gauge boson corresponding to weak hypercharge.

binoculars /ˈbənˌɒk.jə.lə(ɹ)z/ /ˈbɪnˌɒk.jʊ.lə(ɹ)z/ n
jumelles jumelle
A hand-held device consisting of a series of lenses and prisms, used to magnify objects so that they can be better seen from a distance, and looked at through both eyes.

binomial /baɪˈnoʊ.mi.əl/ /baɪˈnəʊ.mi.əl/ binomials n
binôme
(algebra) A polynomial with two terms.

binomial coefficient binomial coefficients n
coefficient binomial
(combinatorics) a coefficient of any of the terms in the expansion of the binomial (x+y)n, defined by {n \choose k} = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}, read as "n choose k"

binomial name binomial names n
nom binomial
(taxonomy) A scientific name at the rank of species, with two terms: a generic name and a specific name.

binomial nomenclature n
nom binominal
(taxonomy) The scientific system of naming each species of organism with a Latinized name in two parts; the first is the genus, and is written with an initial capital letter; the second is some specific epithet that distinguishes the species within the genus. By convention, the whole name is typeset in italics. The genus part is often abbreviated to its initial letter e.g. H. sapiens for Homo sapiens

bio- prefix
bio-
life

bio-inspired adj
bio-inspiré bioinspiré
(mathematics, scientific, engineering) Ideas inspired by mechanisms or laws operating in biological organisms, e.g. neural networks.

bio-sex bio-sexes n
sexe bio

bioaccumulation bioaccumulations n
bioaccumulation
(biology) The process by which substances accumulate in the tissues of living organisms; used especially of toxic substances that accumulate via a food chain.

bioaccumulative more bioaccumulative most bioaccumulative adj
bioaccumulatif
(of a substance) That tends to accumulate in an organism when the organism's ability to remove it is insufficient.

bioaerosol bioaerosols n
bioaérosol
An aerosol containing biologically active bacteria, spores, viruses, toxins, and other similar material

biobibliography biobibliographies n
biobibliographie
A bibliography that also contains a short biography of the author

biocatalysis biocatalyses n
biocatalyse
(biochemistry) catalysis using biological catalysts (especially using enzymes)

biocatalyst biocatalysts n
biocatalyseur
(biochemistry) A biochemical catalyst; normally an enzyme.

biocatalytic adj
biocatalytique
Relating to, or employing biocatalysis

biochemical /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪkəl/ adj
biochimique
of, or relating to biochemistry
characterized by, produced by, or involving chemical processes in living organisms

biochemical oxygen demand biochemical oxygen demands n
demande biochimique en oxygène

biochemist biochemists n
biochimiste
A chemist whose speciality is biochemistry

biochemistry /ˌbaɪəʊˈkɛmɪstɹi/ biochemistries n
biochimie
(uncountable) The chemistry of those compounds that occur in living organisms, and the processes that occur in their metabolism and catabolism
(countable) The chemical characteristics of a particular living organism

biocide /ˈbaɪoʊsaɪd/ /ˈbaɪəʊsaɪd/ biocides n
biocide
Any action or substance that can destroy living organisms.

bioclimatology n
bioclimatologie
The interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in opposition to biometeorology).

biocoenosis biocoenoses n
biocénose
(biology) A community of interacting organisms that form a natural ecological unit.

biocoenotic adj
biocénotique

biodegradable /(ˌ)baɪoʊdəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/ /(ˌ)baɪədəˈɡɹeɪdəbl̩/ more biodegradable most biodegradable adj
biodégradable
Capable of being decomposed by biological activity, especially by microorganisms.

biodegradation biodegradations n
biodégradation
The decomposition of any material by microorganisms.

biodiesel biodiesels n
biodiésel
Fuel for diesel engines made from renewable organic raw materials, as opposed to fossil hydrocarbons.

biodiverse more biodiverse most biodiverse adj
biodivers
Biotically diverse; having a high degree of biodiversity.

biodiversity /ˌbaɪoʊdɑɪˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪoʊdəˈvɚsəti/ /ˌbaɪə(ʊ)daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ [-ɾi] biodiversities n
biodiversité diversité biologique
(ecology) The diversity (number and variety of species) of plant and animal life within a region.

biodiversity hotspot /ˌbaɪoʊdəˌvɚsəti ˈhɑtˌspɑt/ /ˌbaɪə(ʊ)daɪˌvɜːsɪti ˈhɒtˌspɒt/ [-ɾi] biodiversity hotspots n
point chaud de biodiversité zone critique de biodiversité
(ecology) A place with a significant level of biodiversity, particularly if the flora and fauna are threatened with loss of their habitat.

bioecology bioecologies n
bioécologie

bioelectricity n
bioélectricité
(biology, physics) Any form of electricity generated within an organism, especially by a muscle or nerve.

bioenergetic more bioenergetic most bioenergetic adj
bioénergétique
Of or pertaining to bioenergetics

bioenergetics n
bioénergétique
(biology, physics) The study of the energy transformations that take place in living organisms.

biofact biofacts n
biofact écofact

biofilm biofilms n
biopellicule
(biology, medicine) A thin film of mucus created by and containing a colony of bacteria and other microorganisms.

biogas biogases biogasses n
biogaz
A mixture of methane and carbon dioxide, produced by anaerobic digestion of organic waste matter, used as a fuel

biogenesis /-nɪ-/ /baɪoʊ-/ /baɪə-/ /biːoʊ-/ /biːə-/ /bʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnəsɪs/ /ˌbaioʊˈd͡ʒɛnəsɪs/ biogeneses n
biogenèse
The principle that living organisms are produced only from other living organisms.

biogenic adj
biogénique
biogène
produced by living organisms, or by a biological process

biogeocenology n
biogéocénologie

biogeographic adj
biogéographique
Of or pertaining to biogeography, the study of the geographical arrangement of plants and animals

biogeography biogeographies n
biogéographie
(biology, geography, uncountable) The study of the geographical distribution of living things.

biographer biographers n
biographe
The writer of a biography; a professional writer of biographies.

biographical more biographical most biographical adj
biographique
of or relating to an account of a person's life

biography /baɪˈɑɡɹəfi/ /baɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ biographies n
biographie
A person's life story, especially one published.

biohazard biohazards n
risque biologique
A biological hazard; a source of risk due to some biological factor such as bacteria or human waste.

bioindicator bioindicators n
bioindicateur biorévélateur
(biology) Any species that acts as a biological indicator of the health of an environment.

bioindustry bioindustries n
bioindustrie
Any of the industries associated with biotechnology

bioinformatics /ˌbaɪoʊˌɪnfɚˈmætɪks/ /ˌbaɪəʊˌɪnfəˈmætɪks/ n
bioinformatique
(biology, computer science) A field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline to analyse biological information using computers and statistical techniques.

biolistic adj
biolistique

biolistics n
biolistique

biological /ˌbaɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌbaɪ.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ adj
biologique
Of or relating to biology.
Related by consanguinity, especially as to parents and children.

biological clock biological clocks n
horloge biologique horloge circadienne horloge interne
(biology) Any of several mechanisms that regulate the periodicity of biological functions, such as the circadian rhythm.

biological father biological fathers n
père biologique
The man from whom one inherits half of one's DNA and from whom men inherit their Y chromosome.

biological immortality n
immortalité biologique
The phenomenon in which some organisms such as hydra or jellyfish do not age.

biological mother biological mothers n
mère biologique
The woman from whom one inherits half of one's DNA and who is the source of one's mitochondrial DNA.

biological parent biological parents n
parent biologique
A child's natural parent, either the male who supplied the sperm or the female who supplied the egg which interacted for the child's conception.

biological sex biological sexes n
sexe biologique

biological warfare n
guerre biologique
The use of any harmful organism (such as a bacterium or virus) as a weapon of war.

biological weapon biological weapons n
arme biologique
A biological pathogen or toxin designed or used for warfare.

biologically adv
biologiquement
With regard to biology.

biologist /baɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ biologists n
biologiste biologue
A student of biology; one versed in the science of biology.

biology /baɪˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /baɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /baɪˌɑl(ə)ˈd͡ʒi/ biologies n
biologie
The study of all life or living matter.

bioluminescence /ˌbaɪ̯oʊ̯ˌluməˈnɛsəns/ bioluminescences n
bioluminescence
(biology, biochemistry) The emission of light by a living organism (such as a firefly).

bioluminescent more bioluminescent most bioluminescent adj
bioluminescent
(biology, biochemistry) Exhibiting bioluminescence.

biomagnetism n
biomagnétisme

biomarker /ˈbaɪoʊˌmɑɹkɚ/ /ˈbaɪəʊˌmɑːkə/ biomarkers n
biomarqueur
(medicine) A substance used as an indicator of a biological state, most commonly disease.

biomass /ˈbaɪoʊˌmæs/ /ˈbaɪə(ʊ)mæs/ biomasses n
biomasse
The total mass of all, or a specified category of, living things within a specific area, habitat, etc.
Organic matter from living things which were recently alive (especially vegetation) used as a fuel or source of energy, especially if cultivated for that purpose; also, fuel produced from such organic matter; biofuel.

biomaterial biomaterials n
biomatériau
A nonviable, biocompatible material used in a medical device, intended to interact with biological systems or to evaluate, treat, augment, or replace any tissue, organ, or function of the body.

biomathematics n
biomathématiques
(biology, mathematics) The application of mathematics to the study of biological systems and processes

biome /ˈbaɪ.oʊm/ biomes n
biome
Any major regional biological community such as that of forest or desert.

biomechanical adj
biomécanique
Of or pertaining to biomechanics

biomechanics n
biomécanique

biomedical /ˌbaɪoʊˈmɛdɪk(ə)l/ /ˌbaɪəʊˈmɛdɪk(ə)l/ adj
biomédical
Of or pertaining to biomedicine.

biomedicine biomedicines n
biomédecine
The branch of medicine that studies the effects of environmental stress on organisms (most often in space travel).

biometrics n
biométrie
The automated measurement of biological data.
The automated recognition or authentication of an individual's identity based on their behavioural and biological characteristics, such as iris appearance, fingerprint, or face shape.

biomimetic /ˌbaɪəʊmɪˈmɛtɪk/ adj
biomimétique
of, related to, or produced by biomimetics

biomolecular adj
biomoléculaire

biomolecule biomolecules n
biomolécule
(biochemistry) molecules, such as amino acids, sugars, nucleic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, DNA, and RNA, that occur naturally in living organisms

bionic /ˈbɪˌɒn.ɪk/ more bionic most bionic adj
bionique
(not comparable) Related to bionics.

bionics /ˈbaɪˌɒnɪks/ n
bionique
The design of engineering systems, especially electronic ones, based on that of biological systems.

biophilia /ˌbaɪəʊˈfɪlɪ.ə/ n
biophilie
The love of or empathy with nature and all living things.

biophysical /ˈbaɪəʊˌfɪzɪkəl/ adj
biophysique
of or pertaining to biophysics

biophysics n
biophysique
The interdisciplinary science that applies theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology.

biopiracy n
biopiratage biopiraterie
(pejorative) The appropriation of indigenous biomedical knowledge, especially by patenting naturally occurring substances.

biopower n
biopouvoir
(political science) The sum of the various techniques used by modern nation-states to control not individual subjects but their entire populations, as contrasted with traditional modes of power based on the threat of death from a sovereign.

biopsy /ˈbaɪɑpsi/ biopsies n
biopsie
The removal and examination of a sample of tissue, cells, or bodily fluid from a living body for diagnostic purposes.

biorefinery biorefineries n
bioraffinerie
(countable) A facility that carries out such production.

bioremediation bioremediations n
bioremédiation
(biochemistry) The use of biological organisms, usually microorganisms, to remove contaminants, especially from polluted water

bioresource bioresources n
bioressource
Any resource of biological origin

bioscience biosciences n
bioscience
Any of several sciences that deal with living organisms

biospeleology n
biospéléologie

biosphere /ˈbaɪəʊˌsfɪə(ɹ)/ biospheres n
biosphère
The part of the Earth and its atmosphere capable of supporting life.
The totality of living organisms and their environment.

biostasis n
biostasie
The ability of an organism to tolerate environmental changes without actively adapting to them

biostratigraphic adj
biostratigraphique

biostrome biostromes n
biostrome
(geology) A horizontally bedded stratum of fossilized remains of sedentary organisms

biosynthesis biosyntheses n
biosynthèse
(biochemistry) The synthesis of organic compounds within a living organism, especially the synthesis of large compounds from small ones.

biota /baɪˈəʊtə/ biotas n
biote
(ecology) The living organisms of a region.

biotechnological /ˈbaɪəʊˌtɛk.nə.lɒdʒ.ɪk.əl/ adj
biotechnologique
Of or pertaining to biotechnology.

biotechnology /ˈbaɪəʊˌtɛk.nɒl.əʊ.dʒi/ biotechnologies n
biotechnologie
The use of living organisms (especially microorganisms) in industrial, agricultural, medical and other technological applications.
The application of the principles and practices of engineering and technology to the life sciences.

biotherapy biotherapies n
biothérapie
(medicine) Any of several unrelated therapies that use natural biological processes, especially those that use parts of the immune system.
(medicine) The use of living organisms (such as maggots or leeches) in the control of disease or the healing of wounds.

biotic /baɪˈɑ.tɪk/ /baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ adj
biotique
(biology) Of, pertaining to, or produced by life or living organisms

biotin /ˈbaɪətɪn/ biotins n
biotine
(vitamin) A sulfur-containing member of the vitamin B complex, 5-[(3aS,4S,6aR)-2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol-4-yl]pentanoic acid, found in liver, egg yolk, milk, and yeast, essential to the activity of multiple enzyme systems.

biotite /ˈbaɪəˌtaɪt/ biotites n
biotite
(mineral) A dark brown mica; it is a mixed aluminosilicate and fluoride of potassium, magnesium and iron.

biotope biotopes n
biotope
A geographical area that has a uniform biological environment and a uniform distribution of plants and animals

bioweapon /ˈbaɪ.oʊˌwɛ.pən/ /ˈbaɪ.əʊˌwɛ.pən/ bioweapons n
arme biologique
Any weapon designed to be used in biological warfare.

bipartisan /-zən/ /baɪˈpɑɹ.tə.sən/ /ˌbaɪˈpɑː(ɹ).tɪ.zæn/ adj
bipartisan
(politics) Relating to, or supported by two groups, especially by two political parties.

bipartite /baɪˈpɑːtaɪt/ adj
biparti

biped /ˈbaɪpɛd/ bipeds n
bipède
An animal, being or construction that goes about on two feet (or two legs).

bipedal adj
bipède
Having two feet or two legs; biped.

bipedalism n
bipédie
The habit of standing and walking on two feet; the state of being bipedal

biphasic adj
biphasique
Having two phases.

biphenyl biphenyls n
biphényle
(organic compound, countable) Any substituted or otherwise altered version of biphenyl, such as PCBs

biphobia /ˈbaɪˌfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈbaɪˌfəʊbiːə/ n
biphobie
Antipathy towards bisexuals.

biphobic /baɪˈfoʊbɪk/ more biphobic most biphobic adj
biphobe
Exhibiting or characteristic of biphobia.

bipinnate /bʌɪˈpɪneɪt/ adj
bipenné
(botany, of a leaf) Doubly pinnate; pinnate and having leaflets that are themselves pinnate.

bipinnatisect adj
bipennatiséqué
(botany) pinnatisect, with deeply dissected segments

biplane biplanes n
biplan
(aviation) An airplane that has two main wings, one above the other and supported by struts.

bipod /ˈbaɪpɒd/ bipods n
bipied
A two-legged stand.

bipolar /baɪˈpoʊ.lɚ/ /baɪˈpəʊ.lə/ more bipolar most bipolar adj
bipolaire
Involving or having both extremes or poles at the same time.
bipolaire maniaco-dépressif
Relating to or having bipolar disorder.

bipolar disorder bipolar disorders n
trouble bipolaire
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) A psychiatric diagnostic category, previously called manic depression, characterised by mood swings between great energy (mania) and clinical depression.

bipolarization bipolarizations n
bipolarisation

bipolaron bipolarons n
bipolaron
(chemistry) A doubly-charged polaron
(physics) A bound pair of two polarons

bipulmonary adj
bipulmonaire
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both lungs.

biquaternion biquaternions n
biquaternion
(algebra) Any of the numbers w + xi + yj + zk \ \! where w, x, y, and z are complex numbers and the elements of {1, i, j, k} multiply as in the quaternion group.

birational geometry n
géométrie birationnelle
(algebraic geometry) A field of algebraic geometry in which the aim is to determine under what conditions two algebraic varieties are isomorphic outside lower-dimensional subsets.

birch /bɜːtʃ/ /bɝt͡ʃ/ birches n
bouleau
A hard wood taken from the birch tree, typically used to make furniture.
verge badine baguette bouleau
A stick, rod or bundle of twigs made from birch wood, used for punishment.

birch /bɜːtʃ/ /bɝt͡ʃ/ v
verger
To punish with a stick, bundle of twigs, or rod made of birch wood.

birch bolete birch boletes n
bolet rude
Leccinum scabrum, an edible mushroom.

bird /bɘːd/ /bɜd/ /bɜɹd/ /bɜːd/ [bəɪd] [bɝˑɖ] birds n
oiseau oiselet oiselle oisillon
A member of the class of animals Aves in the phylum Chordata, characterized by being warm-blooded, having feathers and wings usually capable of flight, having a beaked mouth, and laying eggs.
nana gonzesse meuf minette
(slang) A man, fellow. [from mid-19th c.]
(UK, Ireland, slang) A girl or woman, especially one considered sexually attractive.
femme gonzesse meuf nana poule
(UK, Ireland, slang) A girlfriend. [from early 20th c.]
doigt d'honneur
(with definite article) The vulgar hand gesture in which the middle finger is extended.
oiseau
(slang, Canada, Philippines) A penis.
(UK, slang) Jailtime; time in prison.

bird /bɘːd/ /bɜd/ /bɜɹd/ /bɜːd/ [bəɪd] [bɝˑɖ] v
taule
(transitive, slang) To bring into prison, to roof.

bird cherry bird cherries n
merisier à grappes
Any of several species of cherry trees sometimes grouped in the subgenus Prunus subg. Padus or section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus of Prunus subg. Cerasus.

bird of ill omen birds of ill omen n
oiseau de mauvais augure
A person who brings bad news

bird of paradise birds of paradise n
paradisier oiseau de paradis
Any of various passerine birds of the family Paradisaeidae native to Oceania. In many of the species the breeding plumage of the males is brightly coloured.

bird of passage /ˌbɜːd əv ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˌbɝd əv ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ birds of passage n
oiseau de passage
(ornithology) A migratory bird, especially a passage migrant.

bird of prey birds of prey n
rapace oiseau de proie
A carnivorous bird that hunts for its food, especially one that preys on land vertebrates.

bird's nest bird's nests birds' nests n
nid [[d']]oiseau
A structure built by a bird as a place to incubate eggs and rear young.

bird's-eye view bird's-eye views n
plongée vue aérienne vue plongeante
(idiomatic) The view from directly or high above.

birdbath birdbaths n
bain d’oiseaux
A shallow basin, sometimes ornamental, filled with water for wild birds to drink from or bathe in.

birdbrain /ˈbɚd.bɹeɪn/ /ˈbɜː(ɹ)d.bɹeɪn/ birdbrains n
étourneau
(colloquial) Someone who is not intelligent.

birdcage birdcages n
panier volière
(countable) A cage to keep pet or zoological specimen birds in.

birdcall birdcalls n
appeau
A device used to imitate this cry, so as to lure and catch birds.

birdcatcher birdcatchers n
oiseleur oiseleuse
Someone who catches or ensnares birds; a fowler.

birdcatching n
oisellerie
The trapping of birds.

birdfeeder birdfeeders n
mangeoire à oiseaux
A device placed outdoors to supply food to birds.

birdhouse /bɝdhaʊs/ birdhouses n
nichoir
A small house for birds.

birdie /ˈbɜːdi/ /ˈbɝdi/ birdies n
oiselet oisillon
(often, childish) A (little) bird; a birdling.

birdlife n
avifaune
The birds (e.g. of an area) collectively.

birdlime /ˈbɜːdlaɪm/ /ˈbɝdlaɪm/ n
glu
A sticky substance smeared on branches to catch birds.

birdlime /ˈbɜːdlaɪm/ /ˈbɝdlaɪm/ v
engluer
(transitive) To add birdlime to.

birdling /ˈbɜɹd.lɪŋ/ birdlings n
oisillon
A little bird; birdie; a nestling (young bird, baby bird).

birds of a feather n
bonnet blanc, blanc bonnet kif-kif
(idiomatic) People having similar characters, backgrounds, interests, or beliefs.

birds of a feather flock together proverb
qui se ressemble s'assemble qui se ressemble s’assemble
(idiomatic) People of similar character, background or taste tend to congregate or associate with one another; it is easier to establish friendships with people that one has a lot in common with.

birdseed birdseeds n
nourriture pour oiseaux
Seed, usually constituting a mixture from several species of plant, set out as food for birds.

birdshit n
guano
(vulgar) avian excreta; guano

birdsong birdsongs n
chant chant d’oiseau
(ornithology) A vocalisation made by a bird for the purposes of courtship.

birdwatching /ˈbɜː(ɹ)dˌwɒtʃ.ɪŋ/ n
observation des oiseaux
Observing or identifying wild birds in their natural environment.

birefringence /baɪɹɪˈfɹɪnd͡ʒəns/ birefringences n
biréfringence
(physics) The splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization by passage through an optically anisotropic medium; the property of a material that light passing through it is so split.

biretta birettas n
barrette
A square cap, originally with four ridges across the top, surmounted by a tuft, worn by Roman Catholic clergy (and by some in the Anglican Church). A three-sided biretta is worn by Roman Catholic clergy for liturgical celebrations.

birth /bɜːð/ /bɜːθ/ /bɝð/ /bɝθ/ births n
naissance
(uncountable) The process of childbearing; the beginning of life; the emergence of a human baby or other viviparous animal offspring from the mother's body into the environment.
(countable) A beginning or start; a point of origin.
accouchement naissance
(countable) An instance of childbirth.

birth /bɜːð/ /bɜːθ/ /bɝð/ /bɝθ/ v
accoucher
(transitive) To bear or give birth to (a child).

birth canal birth canals n
canal de naissance
(anatomy) The combined vagina and cervix, when the cervix dilates during birth to form a continuous tube with the vagina.

birth certificate birth certificates n
acte de naissance
An official document certifying the details of a person's birth. Name, date, and parents' names are always present; details such as parents' occupation and religion may be included.

birth control n
contrôle des naissances
Voluntary control of the number of children conceived, especially by the planned use of contraception.

birth defect birth defects n
anomalie congénitale
(medicine) Any of several medical disorders that are present at birth.

birth sex birth sexes n
sexe de naissance

birth weight birth weights n
poids à la naissance
The weight of a baby at birth.

birthday /ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈbɜːθ.dɪ/ /ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ birthdays n
anniversaire fête
The anniversary of the day on which something is created.
date de naissance anniversaire
The date on which someone is born or something is created, more commonly called birthdate or date of birth.

birthday cake birthday cakes n
gâteau d'anniversaire gâteau de fête
A cake, often iced and decorated, made to celebrate a person's birthday.

birthday card birthday cards n
carte d'anniversaire
A greeting card given to someone to celebrate his or her birthday.

birthday party birthday parties n
fête d'anniversaire
A party held to celebrate a person's birthday.

birthday suit birthday suits n
tenue d’Adam tenue d’Ève dans le plus simple appareil dans son plus simple appareil
(idiom, often, humorous) Nakedness, unclothed skin; an exposure of a human's natural anatomy without clothing.

birther /ˈbɝθɚ/ birthers n
parturiente
(rare) One who gives birth.

birthmark birthmarks n
tache de naissance tache de vin
A mark on the skin formed before birth.

birthplace /ˈbɝθˌpleɪs/ birthplaces n
lieu de naissance
The location where a person was born.

birthrate birthrates n
taux de natalité
The ratio of total live births to total population for a specific community or nation in a specified period; often expressed in births per thousand per year

birthright citizenship birthright citizenships n
droit du sol
The right (unconditional or near-unconditional) of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship.

birthwort birthworts n
aristoloche
Any plant of the genus Aristolochia.

biryani biryanis n
beriani biriani biryani
A spiced dish of rice, blended with meat and/or vegetables.

biscuit /bɪs.ˈkwit/ /ˈbɪskɪt/ biscuits n
biscuit
(UK, Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, sometimes Canada, rare in the US and the Philippines) A small, flat, baked good which is either hard and crisp or else soft but firm; a cookie.
(chiefly, North America, rare in Scotland and Guernsey) A small, usually soft and flaky bread, generally made with baking soda, which is similar in texture to a scone but which is usually not sweet.
(nautical) The "bread" formerly supplied to naval ships, which was made with very little water, kneaded into flat cakes, and slowly baked, and which often became infested with weevils.
A form of unglazed earthenware.

bisection /baɪˈsɛkʃən/ bisections n
bissection
A division into two parts, especially into two equal parts.

bisector /ˈbaɪˌsɛktɚ/ bisectors n
bissectrice
(geometry) A line or curve that bisects or divides a line segment, angle, or other figure into two equal parts.

bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.sju.əl/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ more bisexual most bisexual adj
bisexuel
(of humans, or, other animals) Sexually attracted to both same-gendered and different-gendered partners. Similar to pansexual
bisexué
(rare) Hermaphroditic/intersex, being both male and female, or alternating between being male and being female.

bisexual /baɪˈsɛk.sju.əl/ /baɪˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ bisexuals n
bisexuel bisexuelle
A person who is bisexual.

bisexuality bisexualities n
bisexualité
(of humans or other animals) The state of being sexually or romantically attracted to members of either sex or gender.
(chiefly, botany) The state of being .

bishop /ˈbɪʃəp/ bishopess bishops n
évêque évêchesse
(Christianity) An overseer of congregations: either any such overseer, generally speaking, or (in Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism, Anglicanism, etc.) an official in the church hierarchy (actively or nominally) governing a diocese, supervising the church's priests, deacons, and property in its territory.
fou
(chess) The chess piece denoted ♗ or ♝ which moves along diagonal lines and developed from the shatranj alfil ("elephant") and was originally known as the aufil or archer in English.

bishopess /ˈbɪʃ.əpˌɛs/ bishopesses n
évêchesse
A female bishop.
The wife of a bishop.

bishopric /ˈbɪʃəpɹɪk/ bishoprics n
évêché
A diocese or region of a church which a bishop governs.
épiscopat
The office or function of a bishop.

bismuth /ˈbɪz.məθ/ bismuths n
bismuth
A chemical element (symbol Bi) with an atomic number of 83: a brittle silvery-white metal.

bison /ˈbaɪ̯sən/ /ˈbaɪ̯zən/ bison bisons bisontes n
bison bison d'Amérique du Nord bison d'Europe
A large, wild bovid of the genus Bison.

bisphenol A /bɪsˌfi.noʊl ˈeɪ/ /ˌbɪs.fiː.nɒl ˈeɪ/ n
bisphénol A

bisque /bɪsk/ bisques n
bisque
A thick creamy soup made from fish, shellfish, meat or vegetables.
biscuit
(ceramics) A form of unglazed earthenware; biscuit.

bissextile /bɑɪˈsɛks.tɑɪl/ /bɑɪˈsɛks.təl/ /bɪˈsɛks.taɪəl/ /bɪˈsɛks.təl/ /bɪˈsɛkstɪl/ adj
bissextil
Having an intercalary day, particularly the quadrennial leap day of the Julian and Gregorian calendars traditionally placed as a "second sixth" day before March 1st.

bistable adj
bistable
Having two stable states.

bistort /ˈbɪs.tɔɹt/ /ˈbɪs.tɔːt/ bistorts n
bistorte
Any of several perennial herbs, classified in genera Bistorta, Persicaria, or Polygonum, having spikes of pink flowers.

bistro /ˈbiːstɹoʊ/ /ˈbiːstɹəʊ/ /ˈbɪstɹoʊ/ /ˈbɪstɹəʊ/ bistros n
bistro
A small restaurant.
A small bar or pub.

bistronomic adj
bistronomique

bisulfate bisulfates n
bisulfate
(inorganic chemistry) The univalent anion HSO4-.

bit /bɪt/ bits n
mors
A piece of metal placed in a horse's mouth and connected to the reins to direct the animal.
bit
(mathematics, computing) A binary digit, generally represented as a 1 or 0.
(computing) The smallest unit of storage in a digital computer, consisting of a binary digit.
(information theory, cryptography) Any datum that may take on one of exactly two values.
foret bit
A rotary cutting tool fitted to a drill, used to bore holes.
peu petit morceau
A small amount of something.
instant minute seconde
(informal) Specifically, a small amount of time.
part
A portion of something.

bit by bit adv
petit à petit peu à peu
A small amount at a time

bit player bit players n
utilité
(theater, film) An actor who has a minor role in a production.
petit joueur petite joueuse
(figuratively) An insignificant or unimportant person (in a particular situation).

bitch /bɪt͡s/ /bɪt͡ʃ/ bitches n
chienne louve renarde
(dated, or, specialised, dog-breeding) A female dog or other canine, particularly a recent mother.
salope garce rosse
(vulgar, offensive) A despicable or disagreeable, aggressive person, usually a woman. [from 15th c.]
pute
(vulgar, offensive) A submissive person who does what others want; (prison slang) a man forced or coerced into a homoerotic relationship. [from the 20th c]
couille saleté saloperie
(colloquial, vulgar) A difficult or confounding problem.
dame
(colloquial, vulgar, card games) A queen playing card, particularly the queen of spades in the card game of hearts.

bitch /bɪt͡s/ /bɪt͡ʃ/ v
chialer pester rouspéter râler
(vulgar, intransitive) To criticize spitefully, often for the sake of complaining rather than in order to have the problem corrected.

bitch slap bitch slaps n
gifle baffe tartine de doigts

bitcoin /ˈbɪtˌkɔɪn/ bitcoin bitcoins n
bitcoin
(countable) A unit of the bitcoin cryptocurrency.

bite /baɪt/ bites n
morsure
The act of biting.
The wound left behind after having been bitten.
piqûre
The swelling of one's skin caused by an insect's mouthparts or sting.
bouchée
A piece of food of a size that would be produced by biting; a mouthful.

bite /baɪt/ v
mordre piquer
(transitive) To cut into something by clamping the teeth.
(transitive) To hold something by clamping one's teeth.
mordre
(intransitive) To attack with the teeth.
(intransitive, of a fish) To bite a baited hook or other lure and thus be caught.
mordre marcher tomber dans le panneau
(intransitive) To cause a smarting sensation; to have a property which causes such a sensation; to be pungent.
garder maintenir
(transitive) To take hold of; to hold fast; to adhere to.

bite me interjection
aller au diable aller chier dans sa caisse va chier va te faire enculer va te faire foutre
(idiomatic, slang, offensive) An expression of discontent or aggravation to another party.

bite off /baɪˈtɒf/ /baɪˈtɔːf/ v
se casser le cul se décarcasser se dévouer
(transitive, idiomatic, sometimes followed by on) To accept or commit oneself to a task, project, notion, or responsibility, especially one which presents challenges.
s'emparer saisir
(transitive, idiomatic) To acquire, especially in an abrupt or forceful manner.

bite off more than one can chew v
avoir les yeux plus gros que le ventre charger la barque
(idiomatic) To try to do too much; to take on or attempt more than one is capable of doing.

bite the bullet v
serrer les dents encaisser
(idiomatic) To accept a negative aspect of a situation in order to proceed.

bite the dust v
avaler son extrait de naissance calancher claquer crever
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To die.
mordre la poussière lâcher
(idiomatic) To quit, or fail.

bite the hand that feeds one v
cracher dans la soupe mordre la main nourricière mordre la main qui nourrit
(idiomatic) To cause harm to a benefactor (especially one that one is dependent on, thus with the idea that this behaviour is self-damaging).

bitemporal adj
bitemporal

biting /ˈbaɪtɪŋ/ more biting most biting adj
mordant
Causing a stinging sensation.
Cutting or incisive.
Tending to bite.

biting point biting points n
point de patinage
(automotive) The point where the clutch engages when the pedal is released.

bitmap bitmaps n
image matricielle
(computing) A series of bits that represents a rasterized graphic image, each pixel being represented as a group of bits.

bitness bitnesses n
largeur

bitrate bitrates n
débit binaire
(computing, telecommunications) The frequency at which bits (binary digits) pass a given physical or metaphorical point, measured in bps (bits per second).

bitstock bitstocks n
chignole vilebrequin
A hand tool consisting of a crank which holds a fitted rotating drill bit tip, designed to bore holes in rigid materials, by cutting a disc in a spiral fashion.

bitter /ˈbɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɪtɚ/ [ˈbɪtʰə] [ˈbɪɾɚ] [ˈbɪʔə] bitterer bitterest more bitter most bitter adj
amer âpre
Having an acrid taste (usually from a basic substance).
rude dur sévère
Harsh, piercing or stinging.
haineux haïssable hostile odieux
Hateful or hostile.
amer
Cynical and resentful.

bitter end bitter ends n
étalingure
(nautical) That part of an anchor cable which is abaft the bitts and thus remains inboard when a ship is riding at anchor.

bitter melon /ˈbɪtəɹ ˈmɛlən/ bitter melons n
margose melon amer momordique poire balsamique pomme de merveille
A vine, Momordica charantia, which produces a bitter, though when properly prepared edible, fruit.

bitter orange bitter oranges n
bigaradier
A citrus tree of the species Citrus limetta.
orange amère bigarade
The fruit of these species.

bitter vetch bitter vetches n
ers
A plant with bitter, lentil-like seeds that are edible with special processing, but are now mostly fed to livestock, Vicia ervilia.

bitterling bitterlings n
bouvière
Any of various species of small cyprinid fish in the genus Rhodeus.

bitterly /ˈbɪtəli/ /ˈbɪtəɹli/ more bitterly most bitterly adv
amèrement
In a bitter manner.

bittern /ˈbɪtən/ /ˈbɪtəɹn/ bitterns n
butor
Several bird species in the Botaurinae subfamily of the heron family Ardeidae.

bitterness /ˈbɪtənəs/ bitternesses n
amertume
The quality of feeling bitter; acrimony, resentment; the quality of exhibiting such feelings.

bittersweet /ˈbɪtɚˌswit/ /ˌbɪtɚˈswit/ [ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚] more bittersweet most bittersweet adj
doux-amer aigre-doux
Both bitter and sweet.
doux-amer mi-figue mi-raisin
(figurative) Expressing contrasting emotions of pain and pleasure.

bittersweet /ˈbɪtɚˌswit/ /ˌbɪtɚˈswit/ [ˈbɪɾɚˌswiʔt̚] bittersweets n
douce-amère
Bittersweet nightshade, Solanum dulcamara.

bitumen /baɪˈtumən/ /bɪˈtjumən/ /bɪˈtumən/ /ˈbɪt.jʊ.mɪn/ /ˈbɪt͡ʃ.ʊ.mɪn/ bitumens bitumina n
bitume
A sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum, burning with a bright flame. It occurs as an abundant natural product in many places, as on the shores of the Dead and Caspian Seas. It is used in cements, in the construction of pavements, etc.; Mineral pitch.

bivalence bivalences n
bivalence
The state or quality of being bivalent (in any sense)

bivalve /ˈbaɪvælv/ bivalves n
bivalve
Any mollusc belonging to the taxonomic class Bivalvia, characterized by a shell consisting of two hinged sections, such as a scallop, clam, mussel or oyster.

bivector bivectors n
biveteur
(mathematics) An antisymmetric tensor of second rank.

bivouac /ˈbɪv.u.æk/ /ˈbɪv.wæk/ bivouacs n
bivouac
An encampment for the night, usually without tents or covering.

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ adj
bimensuel
Occurring once every two weeks; fortnightly.
bihebdomadaire
Occurring twice a week.

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ adv
tous les quinze jours toutes les deux semaines
Every two weeks.
bihebdomadairement deux fois par semaine
Twice a week (but see the Usage notes).

biweekly /baɪˈwiːkli/ biweeklies n
bimensuel quinzomadaire
Something that is published or released once every two weeks.

bixin bixins n
bixine
(organic compound) An apocarotenoid that is the active ingredient of annatto.

bizarre /bəˈzɑɹ/ /bəˈzɑː(ɹ)/ /bɪˈzɑɹ/ /bɪˈzɑː(ɹ)/ bizarrer bizarrest more bizarre most bizarre adj
bizarre
Strangely unconventional; highly unusual and different from common experience, often in an extravagant, fantastic, and/or conspicuous way.

black /blæk/ blacker blackest more black most black adj
noir noire
(of an object) Absorbing all light and reflecting none; dark and hueless.
noir
(US, UK, South Africa) Belonging to or descended from any of various sub-Saharan African ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin.
(sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)
Bad; evil; ill-omened.
(of objects, markets, etc) Illegitimate, illegal, or disgraced.
(board games, chess) Of or relating to the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the "black" set (in chess, the set used by the player who moves second) (often regardless of the pieces' actual colour).
Clandestine; relating to a political, military, or espionage operation or site, the existence or details of which is withheld from the general public.
Occult; relating to something (such as mystical or magical knowledge) which is unknown to or kept secret from the general public.
(taxonomy, especially) Dark in comparison to another species with the same base name.
noir de monde
(Ireland, informal) Overcrowded.

black /blæk/ blacks n
noir noire
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.
(British, countable) A type of firecracker that is really more dark brown in colour.
Noir Noire noir
(sometimes capitalised, countable, often, offensive) A member of descendant of any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes.)
(in chess and similar games, countable) The person playing with the black set of pieces.
A dark smut fungus, harmful to wheat.

black alder black alders n
aulne glutineux aulne noir aulne poisseux
(countable, uncountable) A tree (Alnus glutinosa), of many practical uses, growing in moist conditions in Europe.

black antshrike black antshrikes n
batara noir
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus nigriceps.

black belt black belts n
ceinture noire
(martial arts) The highest belt colour in various martial arts.
(martial arts) Someone who has attained the black belt in martial arts.

black bile n
atrabile

black bloc black blocs n
black bloc bloc noir cagoules noires
Any group of individuals who join a protest or demonstration, wearing black clothing including items to protect and/or conceal their faces and often engaging in violence and vandalism; the tactic of forming and participating in such a group.

black box black boxes n
boîte noire boite noire
(informal, aviation) A flight recorder; the brightly colored cockpit voice recorders and flight data recorders in an aircraft designed to aid in determining the cause of an accident.
A theoretical construct or device with known input and output characteristics but unknown method of operation.

black bryony n
tamier commun
The plant Tamus communis.

black caiman black caimans n
caïman noir
A large black carnivorous South American caiman (Melanosuchus niger).

black caraway black caraways n
cumin noir nigelle cultivée
A Middle-Eastern spice plant related to buttercups, Nigella sativa, with dark black, aromatic seeds.
cumin noir graine de nigelle poivrette
These seeds as spice.

black cat black cats n
chat noir
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see black,‎ cat.

black chanterelle black chanterelles n
trompette de la mort trompette des morts corne d’abondance craterelle
An edible mushroom

black cherry black cherries n
cerisier tardif
Prunus serotina

black child black children n
négrillon enfant noir
(This entry is a translation hub.)

black coal black coals n
charbon bitumineux houille grasse
high-quality coal

black coffee black coffees n
café noir
Coffee served as a beverage without cream or milk.

black crowned crane black crowned cranes n
grue couronnée
Balearica pavonina, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

black dwarf black dwarfs n
naine noire
(astronomy) A hypothesized white dwarf that has cooled down and no longer emits visible light.

black eye black eyes n
cocard œil au beurre noir mélanobutyrophtalmie œil poché
An eye which has been bruised showing noticeable hematoma, especially after receiving a blow.

black flag black flags n
drapeau noir
A flag with a black color, used as a symbol of anarchism.

black francolin black francolins n
francolin noir
A game bird in the francolin family (Francolinus francolinus, of south and southwestern Asia)

black gold n
or noir
(informal, idiomatic) Raw petroleum; crude oil.

black grouse /ˈblæk ɡɹɑʊs/ black grouses n
tétras lyre
A large, black bird with a lyre-shaped tail, Lyrurus tetrix (syn. Tetrao tetrix).

black guillemot black guillemots n
guillemot à miroir
A seabird, Cepphus grylle, of the auk family (Alcidae).

black hellebore black hellebores n
hellébore noir rose de Noël
A poisonous and medicinal plant, Helleborus niger.

black hole /blæk ˈhoʊl/ /blæk ˈhəʊl/ black holes n
trou noir
(astronomy) A gravitationally domineering celestial body with an event horizon from which even light cannot escape; the most dense material in the universe, condensed into a singularity, usually formed by a collapsing massive star. [from 20th c.]

black humor n
humour noir
(uncountable) A subgenre of comedy and satire that deals with subjects that are believed to be serious or controversial, such as death, divorce, drug abuse, etc.

black ice n
verglas glace noire
A smooth, barely visible, and dangerously slippery film of ice, usually over a dark surface, such as rock or pavement.

black kite black kites n
milan noir
A species of kite, Milvus migrans, widely distributed throughout the Old World.

black knight black knights n
chevalier noir
(fiction) A villain or evil character who masks their identity and that of their liege by not displaying heraldry.

black legend black legends n
légende noire

black letter black letters n
Fraktur
(typography) A Northern European style of type, with contrasting thick-and-thin, angular strokes forming upright letterforms, and usually set with a dark typographic colour on the page.

black light black lights n
lumière noire
(countable) A light bulb that emits ultraviolet light, usually used to create the illusion that anything white is glowing.

black liquor n
liqueur noire
A waste product produced during digesting pulpwood into paper pulp.

black lives matter phraseologicalUnit
les vies noires comptent
(politics, originally, US) A rallying call and statement of protest, concerning police brutality and racially motivated violence against black people.

black locust black locusts n
robinier acacia blanc faux-acacia robinier faux-acacia
A tree, Robinia pseudoacacia, in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae, native to the southeastern United States, but widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, Europe and Asia; considered an invasive species in some areas.

black lung n
silicose
(disease) A chronic disease of the lungs caused by the long-term inhalation of coal dust.

black magic n
magie noire
Magic derived from evil forces, as distinct from good or benign forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing harm.

black magick n
magie noire
(Wicca) Any magick used for evil purposes

black mamba black mambas n
mamba noir
A large venomous snake found in Africa, taxonomic name Dendroaspis polylepis. Despite the name, this species of snake is not black; its colour ranges widely from olive-brown, khaki or grey, sometimes to darker hues, especially when old. The inside of the mouth is black, but in spite of a recent urban legend there is no indication that that has anything to do with the name "black mamba", which is a much older usage than any such suggestion.

black maple black maples n
érable noir
A variety of maple tree of eastern North America, Acer nigrum, closely related to the sugar maple, but with a darker bark and three-lobed leaves.

black market black markets n
marché noir économie souterraine
Trade that is in violation of restrictions, rationing, or price controls.

black marketeer black marketeers n
trafiquant trafiquante
Someone selling black market goods or trading on the black market.

black mulberry black mulberries n
mûre noire mûrier noir
Edible fruit of this tree.

black nightshade black nightshades n
morelle noire
A Eurasian species of nightshade with black berries, Solanum nigrum, of Europe.

black olive black olives n
olive noire
An olive picked after it has ripened; as opposed to a green olive which is picked before ripening.

black out v
caviarder noircir
(transitive) To censor or cover up by writing over with black ink.
perdre connaissance s'évanouir tomber dans les pommes tourner de l'œil
(intransitive) To lose consciousness; to suffer a blackout.
assombrir obscurcir
(transitive) To obscure in darkness.

black panther /blak ˈpænθə/ /ˈblæk ˈpænθɚ/ black panthers n
panthère noire
A melanistic colour variant of the leopard (Panthera pardus) or the jaguar (Panthera onca).

black pepper n
poivre noir
The dried, unripe berries (peppercorns) of the Piper nigrum plant which are commonly used as a spice and seasoning. They are either used whole, or in a ground or crushed form.

black pudding black puddings n
boudin noir

black radish black radishes n
radis noir
A root vegetable of the family Brassicaceae cultivated for its edible root that has a tough black or dull brown skin and white flesh, Raphanus sativus var. niger

black rat black rats n
rat noir
A common species of rat, Rattus rattus, originating anciently in Asia but now distributed worldwide.

black rhinoceros black rhinoceros black rhinoceroses n
rhinocéros noir
A species of rhinoceros, Diceros bicornis, in the family Rhinocerotidae.

black salsify black salsifies n
scorsonère
A perennial member of the sunflower family (Asteraceae), cultivated as a root vegetable (Pseudopodospermum hispanicum, syn. Scorzonera hispanica).

black sapote black sapotes n
sapote noire
A kind of fruit (Diospyros nigra).

black scabbardfish black scabbardfish black scabbardfishes n
sabre noir
A North Atlantic fish of the cutlassfish family Trichiuridae with an extremely elongated, eel-like body, Aphanopus carbo.

black sheep black sheep n
excentrique original
(idiomatic) A nonconformist; an unusual or unconventional person, who may be rejected or disdained by others for this reason.
brebis galeuse mouton noir
(idiomatic) A person who is not wholesome, honest, or trustworthy.

black skimmer black skimmers n
bec-en-ciseaux noir
A bird (Rynchops niger) native to the Americas.

black smoker black smokers n
fumeur noir
(geology, oceanography) A kind of hydrothermal vent found on the seabed, emitting clouds of black material.

black stork black storks n
cigogne noire
Ciconia nigra, a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae.

black swan /blæk ˈswɑn/ /blæk ˈswɒn/ black swans n
cygne noir
Cygnus atratus, a swan with black plumage and a red bill which is endemic to Australia. [from c. 1700]
Something believed impossible or not to exist, especially if an example is subsequently found; also, something extremely rare; a rara avis.

black tea black teas n
thé noir
Tea leaves which have been "fermented" (actually, oxidized) before drying to enhance their flavour (cf. green tea).
(British) A cup of tea served without milk.

black tern black terns n
guifette noire
A small seabird (Chlidonias niger), of the tern family (Sternidae)

black vulture black vultures n
vautour moine
An American vulture species, Coragyps atratus, with black plumage.

black walnut black walnuts n
noyer noir
Juglans nigra, a tree native to eastern North America.

black widow black widows n
veuve noire
Any of several species of venomous and potentially deadly spiders, particularly Latrodectus spp..
A woman who kills one or more of her lovers.

black woodpecker /ˈblækˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ black woodpeckers n
pic noir
Any of species Dryocopus martius of woodpeckers (family Picidae).

black-and-white more black-and-white most black-and-white adj
noir et blanc
Of art, a photograph or photography, using shades of grey rather than shades of any other color.
Of a television or monitor, displaying images in shades of grey rather than color.

black-arched moth black-arched moths n
bombyx moine
A black-and-white moth of species Lymantria monacha.

black-backed jackal black-backed jackals n
chacal à chabraque
A jackal of species Canis mesomelas, which inhabits the southernmost and central-eastern regions of the African continent.

black-bellied plover black-bellied plovers n
pluvier argenté
An Arctic bird, Pluvialis squatarola.

black-billed capercaillie black-billed capercaillies n
tétras à bec noir
A large black grouse endemic to Siberia, closely related to western capercaillie; Tetrao parvirostris.

black-billed magpie black-billed magpies n
pie d'Amérique
Pica hudsonia, a magpie native to North America.

black-capped chickadee black-capped chickadees n
mésange à tête noire
Poecile atricapillus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

black-crested antshrike black-crested antshrikes n
Batara huppé
A South American passerine bird in the antbird family, living in undergrowth in mangrove or other swampy forest and thickets near water, Sakesphorus canadensis.

black-crowned night heron black-crowned night herons n
bihoreau gris héron bihoreau corbeau de nuit
A medium-sized heron, Nycticorax nycticorax, found throughout a large part of the world, except in the coldest regions and Australasia.

black-eyed Susan black-eyed Susans n
Suzanne aux yeux noirs
The flowering annual plant Rudbeckia hirta; the state flower of Maryland, United States.

black-eyed pea black-eyed peas n
cornille dolique à œil noir niébé pois à vache
The edible seed of these plants.

black-faced bunting black-faced buntings n
bruant masqué
Emberiza spodocephala, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

black-footed cat black-footed cats n
chat à pattes noires
Felis nigripes, the smallest African cat, endemic in the south west arid zone of the southern African subregion.

black-headed bunting black-headed buntings n
bruant mélanocéphale
Emberiza melanocephala, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

black-headed gull black-headed gulls n
mouette rieuse
A small gull, Chroicocephalus ridibundus, which breeds in much of Europe and Asia, and also in coastal eastern Canada.

black-hooded antshrike black-hooded antshrikes n
batara capucin
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus bridgesi

black-legged kittiwake black-legged kittiwakes n
mouette tridactyle
A seabird species in the gull family Laridae, Rissa tridactyla.

black-necked crane black-necked cranes n
grue à cou noir
Grus nigricollis, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to Asia

black-necked grebe black-necked grebes n
grèbe à cou noir
A freshwater bird, Podiceps nigricollis, of the grebe family (Podicipedidae)

black-throated accentor black-throated accentors n
accenteur à gorge noire
Prunella atrogularis, a small passerine bird in the family Prunellidae

black-throated antshrike black-throated antshrikes n
batara à gorge noire
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Frederickena viridis.

black-throated diver black-throated divers n
plongeon arctique
Gavia arctica, a medium-sized member of the loon or diver family that breeds in Eurasia, with grey head, black throat, white underparts and chequered black-and-white mantle.

black-throated thrush black-throated thrushes n
grive à gorge noire
Turdus atrogularis, a migratory Asian thrush with a black throat

black-winged kite black-winged kites n
élanion blac
Elanus caeruleus, a small diurnal bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

black-winged pratincole black-winged pratincoles n
glaréole à ailes noires
A wader, Glareola nordmanni.

black-winged stilt black-winged stilts n
échasse blanche
A species of long-legged waders; (Himantopus himantopus).

blackballing blackballings n
blackboulage
An instance, or action, of a person being blackballed

blackberry /ˈblækbəɹi/ /ˈblækbɛɹi/ /ˈblækbɹi/ blackberries n
mûre ronce mûrier mûre sauvage roncier
A fruit-bearing shrub of the aggregate species Rubus fruticosus and some hybrids.

blackberry winter blackberry winters n
saints de glace
(especially, Southern US, Midwest US) A period of cold weather that falls when blackberries are flowering, or more generally any time in spring or early summer (March, April or May).

blackbird /ˈblakbəːd/ /ˈblækˌbɚd/ blackbirds n
merle merlesse
A common true thrush, Turdus merula, found in woods and gardens over much of Eurasia, and introduced elsewhere.

blackboard /ˈblækboɹd/ /ˈblækbɔɹd/ /ˈblækbɔːd/ blackboards n
tableau tableau noir
A large flat surface, finished with black slate or a similar material, that can be written upon with chalk and subsequently erased; a chalkboard.

blackbody blackbodies n
corps noir
(physics) a theoretical body, approximated by a hole in a hollow black sphere, that absorbs all incident electromagnetic radiation and reflects none; it has a characteristic emission spectrum

blackcurrant /ˈblækˌkɜɹənt/ /ˈblækˌkʌɹənt/ blackcurrants n
cassis cassissier groseillier noir
The berry borne by this shrub.

blacken /ˈblækən/ v
noircir
(intransitive, ergative) To become black.
noircir souiller
(transitive, causative) To make dirty.
noircir salir
To defame or sully.

blackhead blackheads n
comédon point noir
(countable, medicine) A comedo, a skin blemish, a type of acne vulgaris, where a pore becomes clogged with a dark, hard, cheesy keratin-filled substance forming a hard black "head" on the skin's surface.

blackish /ˈblækɪʃ/ more blackish most blackish adj
noirâtre
somewhat black

blackish-gray antshrike blackish-gray antshrikes n
batara demi-deuil
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus nigrocinereus.

blackjack /ˈblækd͡ʒæk/ blackjacks n
vingt-et-un
(card games) A common gambling card game in casinos, where the object is to get as close to 21 without going over.
pavillon de pirates
The flag (i.e., a jack) traditionally flown by pirate ships; popularly thought to be a white skull and crossed bones on a black field (the Jolly Roger).
matraque
(weapons) A small, flat, blunt, usually leather-covered weapon loaded with heavy material such as lead or ball bearings, intended to inflict a blow to the head that renders the victim unconscious with diminished risk of lasting cranial trauma.
(aviation) A tool of leather filled with shot (or similar), resembling the weapon, used for shaping sheet metal.

blackleg blacklegs n
charbon symptomatique
(uncountable, agriculture, veterinary medicine) A fatal cattle disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Clostridium chauvoei; symptomatic anthrax. [from 18th c.]

blacklist /ˈblæklɪst/ blacklists n
liste noire blacklist
(legal, computing) A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned, disallowed or blocked.

blacklist /ˈblæklɪst/ v
blacklister
(transitive) To place on a blacklist; to mark a person or entity as one to be shunned or banned.

blackmail n
chantage
The extortion of money or favours by threats of public accusation, exposure, or censure.

blackmail v
faire chanter faire du chantage
(Kenya) To speak ill of someone; to defame someone.

blackmailer blackmailers n
maître-chanteur maitre-chanteur maître chanteur
Someone who blackmails.

blackness /ˈblæknəs/ blacknesses n
noirceur
The state or quality of being black in colour.

blackout /ˈblæk.aʊt/ /ˈblæk.ʌʊt/ blackouts n
blackout
A temporary loss of consciousness.
(historical) The mandatory blocking of all light emanating from buildings, as well as outdoor and street lighting as a measure against aerial bombing or naval attack, as imposed during, e.g., World War II.
blackout trou de mémoire
A temporary loss of memory.
blackout coupure de courant
A large-scale power failure, and resulting loss of electricity to consumers.

blackout curtain blackout curtains n
rideau occultant
A curtain made from blackout material, designed to block light (e.g. sunlight through a window) much more than a standard curtain.

blackshirt blackshirts n
chemise noire squadriste
(historical, chiefly, in the plural) A uniformed member of a paramilitary wing of the Italian Fascist Party.

blacksmith /ˈblæk.smɪθ/ blacksmiths n
maréchal-ferrant maréchale-ferrante
forgeron forgeronne
A person who forges iron.

blackthorn /ˈblækˌθɔɹn/ /ˈblækˌθɔːn/ blackthorns n
prunellier
A large shrub or small tree, Prunus spinosa, that is native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa. It has a dark bark and bears thorns.

blackwater blackwaters n
eaux noires
Waste from domestic toilets; water containing fecal matter. [from 20th c.]

bladder /ˈblædə/ /ˈblædɚ/ bladders n
vésicule vessie
(zoology) A flexible sac that can expand and contract and that holds liquids or gases.
vésicule
(botany) A hollow, inflatable organ of a plant.
vessie
The inflatable bag inside various balls used in sports, such as footballs and rugby balls.
cubi
A sealed plastic bag that contains wine and is usually packaged in a cask.

bladder cancer bladder cancers n
cancer de la vessie
(oncology) A disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder.

bladder cherry bladder cherries n
alkékenge amour-en-cage cerise d'hiver coccigrole lanterne japonaise
A plant, Alkekengi officinarum (syn. Physalis alkekengi), having a bright paper-like covering over its fruit, native to southern Europe.

bladderpod bladderpods n
tabac indien
Any of various flowering plants, including Cleome isomeris (= Isomeris arborea), Peritoma arborea, Lobelia inflata, and species of Physaria (= Lesquerella) and Paysonia.

bladderwort bladderworts n
utriculaire
Any of many aquatic carnivorous plants, of the genus Utricularia, that have open bladders that trap minute insects and crustaceans.

blade /bleɪd/ blades n
lame
The (typically sharp-edged) part of a knife, sword, razor, or other tool with which it cuts.
(biology) The four large shell plates on the sides, and the five large ones of the middle, of the carapace of the sea turtle, which yield the best tortoise shell.
(mathematics) An exterior product of vectors. (The product may have more than two factors. Also, a scalar counts as a 0-blade, a vector as a 1-blade; an exterior product of k vectors may be called a k-blade.)

blade of grass blades of grass n
brin d’herbe
A single long, narrow leaf of a plant described by the mass noun grass.

blagger /ˈblæɡɚ/ blaggers n
baratineur
(informal) A smooth talker, a persuasive person.
braqueur
(informal) A thief or robber, one who blags.

blah /bla/ /blɑː/ blahs n
blabla bla-bla
(uncountable, informal) Nonsense; drivel; idle, meaningless talk.

blame /bleɪm/ n
blâme coupabilité
(computing) A source control feature that can show which user was responsible for a particular portion of the source code.

blame /bleɪm/ v
blâmer reprocher
(transitive, usually followed by "for") To assert or consider that someone is the cause of something negative; to place blame, to attribute responsibility (for something negative or for doing something negative).

blameworthy /ˈbleɪmˌwɚði/ /ˈbleɪmˌwɜː(ɹ)ði/ more blameworthy most blameworthy adj
blâmable
Deserving blame or censure; reprehensible.

blanch /blænt͡ʃ/ /blɑːnt͡ʃ/ v
blanchir
(intransitive) To grow or become white.
(transitive, figuratively) To give a favorable appearance to; to whitewash; to whiten;
blanchir monder
(transitive, cooking) To cook by dipping briefly into boiling water, then directly into cold water.

blancmange /bləˈmɑndʒ/ /bləˈmɑnʒ/ /bləˈmɒndʒ/ /bləˈmɒnʒ/ blancmanges n
blanc-manger
A simple dessert made by cooking sweetened milk with cornstarch and vanilla.

bland /blænd/ blander blandest adj
doux douce
Having a soothing effect; not irritating or stimulating.
(now, _, rare) Mild; soft, gentle, balmy; smooth in manner; suave.
fade
Lacking in taste or flavor.

blandishment /ˈblændɪʃm(ə)nt/ /ˈblændɪʃmənt/ blandishments n
blandice
(countable) Often in the plural form blandishments: a flattering speech or action designed to influence or persuade.

blank /blæŋk/ blanker blankest more blank most blank adj
vierge blanc
Free from writing, printing, or marks; having an empty space to be filled in
balles à blanc
(military) Of ammunition: having propellant but no bullets; unbulleted.

blank /blæŋk/ blanks n
préforme
(archaic, historical, obsolete) A small French coin, originally of silver, afterwards of copper, worth 5 deniers; also a silver coin of Henry V current in the parts of France then held by the English, worth about 8 pence [15th–17th century].
(mechanics, engineering) A piece of material roughly cut, forged, cast, etc. to the size and shape of the thing to be made, and ready for the finishing operations; (coining) the disc of metal before stamping [since the 16th century].
A dash written in place of an omitted letter or word [since the 18th century]
(chemistry) A sample for a control experiment that does not contain any of the analyte of interest, in order to deliberately produce a non-detection to verify that a detection is distinguishable from it.
blanc
An empty space; a void, for example on a paper [since the 16th century].
espace
The space character; the character resulting from pressing the space bar on a keyboard.
balle à blanc cartouche à blanc
(firearms) Short for blank cartridge. [since the 19th century].

blank check blank checks n
chèque en blanc
(US) A signed check of the type used to draw money from a bank account, containing no information as to the amount to be paid with it, so that any amount can be filled in.
carte blanche chèque en blanc
(US) A grant of complete authority to spend an unlimited amount of money, or to take other actions without restraint.

blank verse blank verses n
vers blanc
(poetry) A poetic form with regular meter, particularly iambic pentameter, but no fixed rhyme scheme.

blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ adj
général
General; covering or encompassing everything.

blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ blankets n
couverture
A heavy, loosely woven fabric, usually large and woollen, used for warmth while sleeping or resting.

blanket /ˈblæŋkɪt/ v
couvrir recouvrir
(transitive) To cover with, or as if with, a blanket.

blanquette /blɑŋˈkɛt/ /blɑ̃ˈkɛt/ /blɒ̃ˈkɛt/ blanquettes n
blanquette
A white meat stew in which neither the meat nor the sauce is browned.

blare /blɛ(ə)ɹ/ /blɛə/ blares n
beuglement vacarme
A loud sound.
brillance éclat
(figuratively) Of colour, light, or some other quality: dazzling, often garish, brilliance.

blare /blɛ(ə)ɹ/ /blɛə/ v
beugler brailler hurler
To make a loud sound, especially like a trumpet.

blaspheme /ˈblæs.fim/ /ˌblæsˈfiːm/ /ˌblɑːsˈfiːm/ v
blasphémer
(intransitive) To commit blasphemy; to speak against God or religious doctrine.

blasphemer blasphemers n
blasphémateur blasphématrice
One who commits blasphemy; a person who mocks or derides a deity or religion, or claims to be God.

blasphemous /ˈblæs.fəm.əs/ /ˈblæs.fəm.ʌs/ more blasphemous most blasphemous adj
blasphématoire
Lacking piety or respect for the sacred. Resembling blasphemy.

blasphemy /ˈblæs.fə.mi/ blasphemies n
blasphème
An act of irreverence or contempt toward a god or toward something considered sacred; an impious act, utterance, view, etc.

blast /blæst/ /blɑːst/ blasts n
bourrasque
rafale
A violent gust of wind.
blaste
(cytology) An immature or undifferentiated cell (e.g., lymphoblast, myeloblast).
explosion souffle
An explosive charge for blasting.
chose géniale génial
(figuratively, informal) A good time; an enjoyable moment.

blast from the past blasts from the past n
madeleine de Proust
(colloquial, idiom) Something or someone that a person has not seen for a long time that evokes nostalgic feelings.

blast furnace blast furnaces n
haut fourneau
(metallurgy) As above, but specifically such a furnace where the fuel and the ore are intermixed, as for example when coke and iron ore are burned together.

blasted /ˈblæst.ɪd/ /ˈblɑːst.ɪd/ adj
effeuillé mort sec
(heraldry, of a, tree, bush, etc) Whose branches bear no leaves; leafless.
fichu
(colloquial) Accursed; damned.

blastema blastemas blastemata n
blastème
(physiology) A clump of undifferentiated cells or blasts, from which an organ or body part will develop, either during the normal growth of an embryo or in the regeneration of a lost body part.

blasto- prefix
blasto-
bud; budding; germination

blastocoel blastocoels n
blastocèle
The fluid-filled cavity in a blastula.

blastocyst blastocysts n
blastocyste
(biology) The mammalian blastula

blastoderm /ˈblæstəˌdɚm/ blastoderms n
blastoderme
(embryology) The germination point in an ovum from which the embryo develops.

blastodisk blastodisks n
blastodisque
(biology) A round, flattened region of cells from which the embryo of many vertebrates begins to develop in the fertilized ovum; a germinal disk

blastogenesis n
blastogenèse
(biology) Reproduction via budding.

blastoid blastoids n
blastoïde
(paleontology) A member of an extinct class of echinoderms, the Blastoidea.

blastoma /blæstˈoʊmə/ blastomas blastomata n
blastome
(pathology) A tumour that is caused by malignancies in precursor cells or blasts.

blastomere blastomeres n
blastomère
(biology) Any cell that results from division of a fertilized egg.

blastoporal adj
blastoporale
(biology) Pertaining to a blastopore; blastoporic.

blastopore blastopores n
blastopore
(embryology) The opening into the archenteron

blastula blastulae blastulas n
blastula
(embryology) An early form in the development of an embryo, consisting of a spherical layer of cells filled with fluid; a blastosphere.

blasé /blɑˈzeɪ/ /ˈblɑːzeɪ/ more blasé most blasé adj
blasé
Unimpressed with something because of over-familiarity.

blatant /ˈbleɪtənt/ more blatant most blatant adj
clair flagrant
Obvious, on show; unashamed; loudly obtrusive or offensive.

blather /blæðə(ɹ)/ v
déblatérer dégoiser
(intransitive, pejorative) To talk rapidly without making much sense.

blaxploitation n
blacksploitation blaxploitation
(film genre) A genre of exploitation films of the 1970s that starred black actors.

blaze /bleɪz/ blazes n
flambée embrasement feu
A fire, especially a fast-burning fire producing a lot of flames and light.

blaze /bleɪz/ v
brûler flamber
(intransitive) To be on fire, especially producing bright flames.
briller
(intransitive) To send forth or reflect a bright light; shine like a flame.
baliser
(transitive) To set a mark on (as a tree, usually by cutting off a piece of its bark).
(transitive) To indicate or mark out (a trail, especially through vegetation) by a series of blazes.

blazer /ˈbleɪzə/ /ˈbleɪzɚ/ blazers n
blazer
A semi-formal jacket.

blazon /ˈbleɪzən/ blazons n
blasonnement blason
(heraldry) A coat of arms or a banner depicting a coat of arms.

blazon /ˈbleɪzən/ v
blasonner armorier
(transitive) To describe a coat of arms.

bleach /bliːt͡ʃ/ [blit͡ʃ] [bliːt͡ʃ] bleaches n
eau de Javel javel
(uncountable) A chemical, such as sodium hypochlorite or hydrogen peroxide, or a preparation of such a chemical, used for disinfecting or whitening.

bleach /bliːt͡ʃ/ [blit͡ʃ] [bliːt͡ʃ] v
blanchir
(transitive) To treat with bleach, especially so as to whiten (fabric, paper, etc.) or lighten (hair).

bleacher /ˈbli.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈbliː.t͡ʃə/ bleachers n
gradin place de tribune non-couverte
(US, usually, in the plural) A stand of tiered planks used as seating for spectators, often outdoors.

bleaching agent bleaching agents n
agent blanchissant
Any substance added to a product in order to whiten it; a bleach

bleak /bliːk/ bleaker bleakest adj
morne terne
Without color; pale; pallid.
morne
Unhappy; cheerless; miserable; emotionally desolate.

bleak /bliːk/ bleak bleaks n
ablette
A small European river fish (Alburnus alburnus), of the family Cyprinidae.

bleat /ˈbliːt/ bleats n
bêlement béguètement
The characteristic cry of a sheep or a goat.

bleat /ˈbliːt/ v
bêler bégueter chevroter
Of a sheep or goat, to make its characteristic cry; of a human, to mimic this sound.
rouspéter
(informal, derogatory) Of a person, to complain.

bleed /ˈbliːd/ bleeds n
fond perdu
(printing) A narrow edge around a page layout, to be printed but cut off afterwards (added to allow for slight misalignment, especially with pictures that should run to the edge of the finished sheet).

bleed /ˈbliːd/ v
saigner
(intransitive, of a person, animal or body part) To shed blood through an injured blood vessel.
purger
(transitive) To remove air bubbles from a pipe containing other fluids.
prélever
(transitive) To tap off high-pressure gas (usually air) from a system that produces high-pressure gas primarily for another purpose.

bleed out v
se vider de son sang
(intransitive) To die due to excess bloodloss; to bleed to death.

bleed white v
saigner à blanc
(transitive, figuratively, informal) To cause someone hardship by cutting all supplies off.

bleeder /ˈblidɚ/ /ˈbliːdə/ bleeders n
sangsue
Anything that saps a resource produced by something else.

bleeding /ˈbliːdɪŋ/ adj
saignant
Losing blood

bleeding /ˈbliːdɪŋ/ bleedings n
saignement hémorragie
The flow or loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel.

bleeding heart bleeding hearts n
ami du peuple défenseur de la veuve et de l'orphelin
A person who is overly sympathetic to the plight of the underprivileged, exploited or helpless, or to casualties of circumstance.

bleep /ˈbliːp/ bleeps n
bip
A brief high-pitched sound, as from some electronic device.

bleep censor bleep censors n
censeur de bip
(computing) A software module, manually operated by a broadcast technician, putting a five-second broadcast delay on the live content, providing time to censor the audio (and video) feed, and used to censor out what many consider "inappropriate" audio content during a live broadcast signal and replace it with a bleep signal.

blemish /ˈblɛmɪʃ/ blemishes n
imperfection tache
A small flaw which spoils the appearance of something, a stain, a spot.
défaut tache
A moral defect; a character flaw.

blend /blɛnd/ blends n
mélange
A mixture of two or more things.

blend /blɛnd/ v
mélanger mêler mixer
(transitive) To mingle; to mix; to unite intimately; to pass or shade insensibly into each other.
(obsolete) To pollute by mixture or association; to spoil or corrupt; to blot; to stain.

blended family blended families n
famille recomposée
A stepfamily in which both new mates have one or more living children from prior partners.

blender /ˈblɛn.də/ /ˈblɛn.dɚ/ blenders n
mixeur
A machine with sharp rotating blades in a bowl, for mashing, crushing, or liquefying food ingredients.

blennorrhea blennorrheas n
blennorrhée
(medicine) An inordinate secretion and discharge of mucus.

blenny /ˈblɛni/ blennies n
blennie
A number of fish of similar appearance not closely related.

blepharitis /blɛfəɹˈaɪtɪs/ blepharitides n
blépharite
(diseases) An inflammation of the eyelid.

blepharoplasty blepharoplasties n
blépharoplastie
(surgery) Plastic surgery on the eyelid to improve vision or for cosmetic reasons.

blepharoptosis n
blépharoptose
The drooping of the upper eyelid.

blepharospasm /ˈblɛfəɹəʊˌspæzəm/ blepharospasms n
blépharospasme
(medicine) A physiological condition characterized by recurring involuntary twitches or closing of the eyelids.

bless /blɛs/ v
bénir
(Perl, _, programming, transitive, past tense only blessed) To turn (a reference) into an object.

bless you /ˈblɛs juː/ interjection
à tes souhaits à vos souhaits à tes amours à vos amours
(idiomatic) Said to someone who has just sneezed, as a polite remark.

blessed /blɛst/ /ˈblɛsɪd/ more blessed most blessed adj
béni bienheureux
Having divine aid, or protection, or other blessing.

blessedness /ˈblɛsɪdnɪs/ blessednesses n
béatitude
The condition or state of being blessed; holy.

blessing /ˈblɛs.ɪŋ/ blessings n
bénédiction grâce
Some kind of divine or supernatural aid, or reward.
bénédiction
A pronouncement invoking divine aid.
Good fortune.
The act of declaring or bestowing favor; approval.
Something someone is glad of.
groupe harde horde troupeau
A group of unicorns.

blessing in disguise blessings in disguise n
un mal pour un bien
A seeming misfortune that turns out to be for the best.

blet /blɛt/ v
blettir
To undergo bletting, a fermentation process in certain fruit beyond ripening.

bleu d'Auvergne n
bleu d'Auvergne
A French blue cheese made from cow's milk.

blight /blaɪt/ blights n
cloque fléau rouille
(pathology, dated) A diseased condition of the face or skin; specifically, bleeding under the conjunctiva of the eye, a form of skin rash, or a palsy of the face due to cold.
fléau
Something that impedes development or growth, or spoils any other aspect of life.

blight /blaɪt/ v
abîmer
(figurative) To impede the development or growth of (an aspect of life); to damage, to ruin, to spoil.
abîmer abîmé
(plant disease) To affect the fertility or growth of (a plant) with a blight (noun sense 1.1), especially one caused by a fungus; to blast, to mildew, to smut.

blighter blighters n
tête à claques
(British, Irish, Commonwealth, often, disrespectful) A person, usually male, especially one who behaves in an objectionable or pitiable manner.

blimey /ˈblaɪmi/ interjection
bon sang diantre fichtre mazette mince
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand, Ireland) Used to express anger, excitement, surprise, etc. [From late 19th c.]

blimp /blɪmp/ blimps n
ballon dirigeable dirigeable
(aviation) An airship constructed with a non-rigid lifting agent container.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinder blindest adj
aveugle mal-voyant mal-voyante
(not comparable) Unable to see, or only partially able to see.

blind /blaɪnd/ blinds n
store
A movable covering for a window to keep out light, made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass.
blind
(poker) A forced bet: the small blind or the big blind.
(poker) A player who is forced to pay such a bet.

blind /blaɪnd/ v
aveugler
(transitive) To make temporarily or permanently blind.

blind as a bat adj
myope comme une taupe
(simile) Nearly totally blind, having a very poor sense of vision

blind box blind boxes n
boîte aveugle
A box containing a collectible, which is one of a set; one does not know which collectible is in the box until opening the box.

blind carbon copy blind carbon copies n
copie cachée copie carbone invisible
(Internet) A copy of an email message that is sent to a person (often one of many) other than the primary recipient without the express knowledge of the other recipients.

blind date blind dates n
rencontre à l'aveugle rendez-vous surprise
(idiomatic) A date (romantic meeting) between two people who have never met before.

blind man's buff n
colin-maillard
(Britain, games) A game where one person is blindfolded and tries to catch the other players.

blind spot blind spots n
point aveugle tache aveugle
The place where the optic nerve attaches to the retina, and so where the retina cannot detect light.
angle mort
(rail transport) The part of the railway/tramway track that cannot be seen in the side mirror or the side window.
aveuglement
(figuratively) An inability to recognize a fact or think clearly about a certain topic, especially because of a prejudice.
inconnu
(figuratively) A subject or area about which one is uninformed or misinformed, often because of a prejudice or lack of appreciation.
zone blanche
(telecommunications) A location where radio reception and/or transmission is significantly poorer than in surrounding locations.

blind test blind tests n
blind test test en aveugle
A method for testing human response, in which the testee is given little or no specific information about the object under test; used e.g. for testing medicines and food products.

blinder /ˈblaɪndə/ /ˈblaɪndɚ/ blinders n
œillère
A bag or cloth put over the head of a difficult horse while it is being handled or mounted.
A screen attached to a horse's bridle preventing it from being able to see things to its side.

blindfold /ˈblaɪndfəʊld/ blindfolds n
bandeau
A covering, usually a bandage, for the eyes, blocking light to the eyes.
bandeau voile
(sometimes, figurative) Anything that obscures the vision.

blindfold /ˈblaɪndfəʊld/ v
bander les yeux
To cover the eyes, in order to make someone unable to see.

blindfolded adj
aux yeux bandés
Wearing a blindfold

blindly /ˈblaɪndli/ more blindly most blindly adv
à l’aveuglette
In a blind manner; without sight.

blindness /ˈblaɪndnəs/ blindnesses n
cécité
The condition of being blind; unable to see.

blindside /ˈblaɪndˌsaɪd/ blindsides n
angle mort
(rail transport) A tram/train driver's field of blindness around a tram (trolley/streetcar) or a train; the side areas behind the tram/train driver.

blindside /ˈblaɪndˌsaɪd/ v
prendre par surprise
(transitive, figurative, informal) To catch off guard; to take by surprise.

bling bling /blɪŋ blɪŋ/ n
bling-bling blingbling
(slang) Shiny jewelry that displays wealth, such as a diamond ring or a stylish gold necklace or bracelet.

blini blini blinis n
blini
A small pancake, of Russian origin, made from buckwheat flour; traditionally served with melted butter, sour cream and caviar or smoked salmon.

blink /blɪŋk/ blinks n
clignement
The act of quickly closing both eyes and opening them again.
clin d’œil
(figuratively) The time needed to close and reopen one's eyes.
coup d’œil
(computing) A text formatting feature that causes text to disappear and reappear as a form of visual emphasis.

blink /blɪŋk/ v
ciller clignoter cligner des yeux
(intransitive) To close and reopen both eyes quickly.
faire un appel de phares
To shine, especially with intermittent light; to twinkle; to flicker; to glimmer, as a lamp.
clignoter
To flash on and off at regular intervals.

blink of an eye blinks of an eye n
clin d'œil
(idiom) A moment (a very short period of time).

blinker /ˈblɪŋkə/ /ˈblɪŋkəɹ/ blinkers n
œillère
Chiefly in the plural: a shield attached to the bridle of a horse or other domesticated animal to prevent it from seeing things behind it and to its side.
(slang) A black eye.
œillère paupière
(rare) The eyelid.

blinkers n
œillères
A pair of leather or rubber eye cups attached to a horse hood in order to impede the rear vision of racehorses and harness horses; blinders in (USA).

blinks /blɪŋks/ n
montie des fontaines
a herbaceous annual plant of species Montia fontana, in the family Montiaceae, formerly included in the purslane family (Portulacaceae).

bliss /blɪs/ blisses n
félicité béatitude
Perfect happiness.

blissful more blissful most blissful adj
bienheureux
Extremely happy; full of joy; experiencing, indicating, causing, or characterized by bliss.

blissfully /ˈblɪsfli/ /ˈblɪsfəli/ more blissfully most blissfully adv
bienheureusement
In a blissful, happy or joyful manner.

blister /ˈblɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɪstɚ/ blisters n
ampoule phlyctène boursouflure cloque
A small bubble between the layers of the skin that contains watery or bloody fluid and is caused by friction and pressure, burning, freezing, chemical irritation, disease, or infection.
cloque ampoule
A bubble, as on a painted surface.

blister /ˈblɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɪstɚ/ v
cloquer se couvrir d'ampoules
(intransitive) To have a blister form.
blâmer critiquer
(transitive) To criticise severely.

blister pack blister packs n
emballage-coque
One of several types of pre-formed plastic packaging, used for consumer goods and pharmaceuticals, consisting of a cavity and lidding.

blithe /blaɪð/ /blaɪθ/ blither blithest adj
indifférent négligent
Casually careless or indifferent; showing a lack of concern.
allègre content gai joyeux
(chiefly, Scotland, elsewhere, _, dated, or, literary) Cheerful, happy.

blitzkrieg blitzkriegs n
guerre éclair blitzkrieg
A fast military offensive, typically involving a large and highly mobile tank force with air support.

blizzard /ˈblɪ.zəd/ /ˈblɪ.zɚd/ blizzards n
blizzard
A large snowstorm accompanied by strong winds and greatly reduced visibility caused by blowing snow.

bloat /bloʊt/ /bləʊt/ bloats n
météorisme tympanisme
(veterinary medicine) Pathological overdistention of rumen with gas in a ruminant.

bloat /bloʊt/ /bləʊt/ v
gonfler météoriser
(intransitive, veterinary medicine) To get an overdistended rumen, talking of a ruminant.
bouffir boursoufler gonfler
To fill soft substance with gas, water, etc.; to cause to swell.

bloated /ˈbloʊtɪd/ more bloated most bloated adj
gonflé
Swollen with fluid or gas.
fortuné gigantesque
Excessively or extremely large or wealthy.

bloatware n
boufficiel inflagiciel obésiciel obésitiel
(computing, informal) Software that is packed with too many features and therefore slow or unwieldy; software that is inefficiently designed and occupies an excessive amount of memory or disk space.

blob /blɑb/ /blɒb/ blobs n
goutte pâte tache
A shapeless or amorphous mass; a vague shape or amount, especially of a liquid or semisolid substance; a clump, group or collection that lacks definite shape.

bloc /blɑk/ /blɒk/ blocs n
bloc
A group of voters or politicians who share common goals.
A group of countries acting together for political or economic goals, an alliance: e.g., the eastern bloc, the western bloc, a trading bloc, the Eurozone, the European Union.

block /blɑk/ /blɒk/ blocks n
billot bloc
A case or frame housing one or more sheaves (pulleys), used with ropes to increase or redirect force, for example as part of lifting gear or a sailing ship's rigging. See also block and tackle.
A chopping block: a cuboid base for cutting or beheading.
bloc
A set of sheets (of paper) joined together at one end, forming a cuboid shape.
(computing) A logical data storage unit containing one or more physical sectors.
(chemistry) A portion of a macromolecule, comprising many units, that has at least one feature not present in adjacent portions.
(programming) A region of code in a program that acts as a single unit, such as a function or loop.
bloc billot
A substantial, often approximately cuboid, piece of any substance.
immeuble bloc
(cellular automata) In Conway's Game of Life, a still life consisting of four living cells arranged in a two-by-two square.
pâté (de maisons) bloc
A contiguous group of urban lots of property, typically several acres in extent, not crossed by public streets.
pâté de maison rue
The distance from one street to another in a city or suburb that is built (approximately) to a grid pattern.
blocage
(volleyball) A defensive play by one or more players meant to deflect a spiked ball back to the hitter’s court.
blocage obstruction
Something that prevents something from passing.
ciboulot tronche
(slang) The human head.

block /blɑk/ /blɒk/ v
obstruer boucher
(transitive) To fill or obstruct (something) so that it is not possible to pass.
bloquer
(transitive) To prevent (something or someone) from passing.
(transitive) To prevent (something from happening or someone from doing something).
bloquer contrer
(transitive, sports) To impede (an opponent or opponent's play).
(transitive, theater) To specify the positions and movements of the actors for (a section of a play or film).

block and tackle block and tackles blocks and tackles n
moufle polyspaste
A system in which a rope, cable, or chain (the tackle) is passed over pulleys enclosed in two (or rarely more) blocks, one fixed and one attached to a load, which is used to gain mechanical advantage to lift or pull heavy loads.

block comment block comments n
commentaire en bloc
(programming) A comment in source code that occupies several consecutive lines.

block hour block hours n
temps de vol cale à cale
(aviation) The time from the moment the aircraft door closes at departure of a revenue flight until the moment the aircraft door opens at the arrival gate following its landing. Block hours are the industry-standard measure of aircraft utilization.

blockade /blɑˈkeɪd/ /blɒˈkeɪd/ blockades n
blocus
(by extension) Any form of formal isolation or inhibition of something, especially with the force of law or arms.

blockade /blɑˈkeɪd/ /blɒˈkeɪd/ v
obstruer bloquer
(transitive) To create a blockade against.

blockbuster /ˈblɑkˌbʌs.tɚ/ /ˈblɒkˌbʌs.tə(ɹ)/ blockbusters n
blockbuster
(informal) Something, such as a film or book, that sustains exceptional and widespread popularity and achieves enormous sales, as opposed to a box office bomb.

blockchain blockchains n
blockchain chaîne de blocs
A shared record of past transactions in a distributed network, typically used for cryptocurrency. [from 2010s]

blockhead blockheads n
cancre imbécile
(colloquial) A stupid person.

blockhouse blockhouses n
casemate
A sturdy military fortification, often of concrete, with gunports.

blocklist blocklists n
liste de prohibition
(computing) A list or set of people or entities to be shunned or banned.

blockquote /ˈblɑk.kwoʊt/ /ˈblɒk.kwəʊt/ blockquotes n
citation en exergue citation en retrait
(Internet) a lengthy quotation that is formatted so as to be set off from the main text on a webpage, as by italicization and indentation

blog /blɑɡ/ /blɒɡ/ blogs n
blog blogue
(Internet) A website that allows users to reflect, share opinions, and discuss various topics in the form of an online journal, sometimes letting readers comment on their posts. Most blogs are written in a slightly informal tone (personal journals, news, businesses, etc.)

blog /blɑɡ/ /blɒɡ/ v
bloguer
(blogging, ambitransitive) To contribute to a blog.

blogger /ˈblɒ.ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈblɔ.ɡɚ/ bloggers n
blogueur blogueuse
(Internet) A contributor to a blog (from weblog) or online journal.

blogosphere /ˈblɒɡ.əʊ.ˌsfɪɚ/ blogospheres n
blogosphère
(Internet) The totality of blogs, especially the unique jargons, cultures and shared interests created by their interconnection. [1999]

blogpost blogposts n
billet
(Internet) An entry posted to a blog.

bloke /bloʊk/ /bləʊk/ blokes n
mec type gazier gus
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) A fellow, a man; especially an ordinary man, a man on the street. [From 1847]

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonder blondest more blond most blond adj
blond
Of a bleached or pale golden (light yellowish) colour.
(of a, person) Having blond hair.

blond /blɑnd/ /blɒnd/ blonds n
blond
(color) A pale yellowish (golden brown) color, especially said of hair color.
blond blonde
A person with this hair color.

blood /blʊd/ /blʌd/ bloods n
sang
A vital liquid flowing in the bodies of many types of animals that usually conveys nutrients and oxygen. In vertebrates, it is colored red by hemoglobin, is conveyed by arteries and veins, is pumped by the heart and is usually generated in bone marrow.
A family relationship due to birth, such as that between siblings; contrasted with relationships due to marriage or adoption. (See blood relative, blood relation.)
(medicine, countable) A blood test or blood sample.

blood bank blood banks n
banque du sang
(medicine) a place where human blood or blood plasma is typed and stored for use in transfusions

blood blister blood blisters n
pinçon
A blister filled with blood, usually caused by a sharp pinch to the skin.

blood brother blood brethren blood brothers n
frère de sang
An unrelated male considered to share a brother-like relationship established by a ceremonial sharing of blood in some cultures.

blood cell blood cells n
cellule sanguine globule
(hematology, cytology) Any of the cells normally found in blood, namely erythrocytes and leukocytes, sometimes including the platelets.

blood clot blood clots n
thrombus caillot sanguin
(hematology, pathology) A clot formed from platelets and other elements; that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

blood donation blood donations n
don de sang don du sang
The act of donating one's blood for use in transfusion.

blood donor blood donors n
donneur de sang donneuse de sang
A person who donates blood for use in transfusion.

blood drive blood drives n
collecte de sang
An activity, usually charitable, in which persons are requested to donate blood, either to maintain a general supply or in response to a specific shortage or emergency.

blood eagle blood eagles n
aigle de sang
A method of Viking ritual execution, in which the ribs are opened from the back, and the lungs pulled out and arranged to resemble wings.

blood flow n
débit sanguin flux sanguin
The continuous circulation of blood in the cardiovascular system; bloodstream.

blood is thicker than water proverb
bon sang ne peut mentir bon sang ne saurait mentir la voix du sang est la plus forte
(family, idiomatic) Family relations and loyalties are stronger than relationships with people who are not family members.

blood moon blood moons n
lune cuivrée lune de sang lune rouge
(idiomatic, astronomy) The moon as it appears during a total lunar eclipse.

blood orange blood oranges n
orange sanguine
A type of orange (a variety of Citrus sinensis) notable for its dark, crimson red flesh.

blood plasma blood plasmas n
plasma sanguin
(hematology) The clear fluid portion of blood in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended; forms serum upon clotting.

blood poisoning blood poisonings n
septicémie empoisonnement du sang toxémie
(pathology) The presence in the bloodstream of microorganisms or their toxins in sufficient quantity to cause serious illness; sepsis or septicemia.

blood pressure /ˈblʌd ˌpɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ blood pressures n
tension artérielle pression artérielle
The pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries and veins; it varies during the heartbeat cycle, and according to a person's age, health and physical condition.

blood red more blood red most blood red adj
rouge sang
Of a deep vivid red colour.

blood sausage blood sausages n
boudin noir boudin
A cooked sausage made out of meat (most often pork), blood and various other regional ingredients.

blood sister blood sisters n
sœur de sang
A female bound to another one in commitment and friendship by a ceremonial mingling of blood (aka the blood oath).

blood tax blood taxes n
impôt du sang

blood test blood tests n
bilan sanguin prise de sang
A serologic analysis of a sample of blood; a test in which blood is removed from a subject and analyzed to determine the presence or levels of any of a variety of substances which indicate whether the subject has health problems.

blood transfusion blood transfusions n
transfusion sanguine transfusion
(medicine) The taking of blood from one individual and inserting it or blood-based products into the circulatory system of another.

blood type blood types n
groupe sanguin
A classification of blood that is based on the presence or absence of antigens in the red blood cells of an individual. For the purposes of blood transfusion three antigens referred to as "A", "B" and "RhD" (out of a total of 29) are the most important. Based on their presence the human blood can be classified to A, AB, B, and O blood types which are further divided to Rh positive or negative.

blood vessel blood vessels n
vaisseau sanguin vaisseau
(anatomy) A component of the circulatory system, such as an artery, capillary, or vein, that carries blood.

blood volume blood volumes n
volémie
The volume of blood circulating in an individual.

blood-brain barrier blood-brain barriers n
barrière hémato-encéphalique
(anatomy) A structure in the central nervous system (CNS) that keeps various substances found in the bloodstream out of the brain while allowing in the substances essential to metabolic function, e.g. oxygen.

bloodbath /ˈblʌdˌbæθ/ /ˈblʌdˌbɑːθ/ bloodbaths n
bain de sang
Indiscriminate killing or slaughter; a massacre.
bain de sang boucherie massacre
(figuratively) An upset (as of a game with unexpected results, or a national presidential convention) or heavy defeat.

bloodhound /ˈblʌd.haʊnd/ bloodhounds n
limier chien de Saint-Hubert
A large scenthound famed for its ability to follow a scent many days old, over vast distances. This dog is often used as a police dog to track missing people, fleeing suspects, or escaped prisoners.
limier détective
(figurative) A detective or other person skilled at finding people or clues.

bloodletter bloodletters n
saigneur
One who performs bloodletting (the removal of blood in the hope of curing illness).

bloodletting bloodlettings n
saignée
(historical, medicine) The archaic practice of treating illness by removing some blood, believed to be tainted, from the stricken person.

bloodlust /ˈblʌdˌlʌst/ bloodlusts n
soif de sang
A desire for bloodshed and carnage, often aroused in the heat of battle and leading to uncontrolled slaughter and torture.

bloodnut bloodnuts n
rouquin rouquine
(Australia, informal) A person with red hair, a redhead.

bloodroot bloodroots n
sanguinaire
A North American plant, Sanguinaria canadensis, of the poppy family, which has a red root and sap and a single white flower in early spring.

bloodshed /ˈblʌdˌʃɛd/ bloodsheds n
effusion de sang
(literally) The shedding or spilling of blood.
carnage
A slaughter; destruction of life, notably on a large scale.

bloodshot more bloodshot most bloodshot adj
injecté
(of the eyes) Reddened and inflamed because of congested blood vessels.

bloodstained more bloodstained most bloodstained adj
ensanglanté sanglant taché de sang
Stained, spotted or otherwise discolored with blood.

bloodstone bloodstones n
héliotrope pierre de sang
A green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite.

bloodstream /ˈblʌd.stɹɪim/ bloodstreams n
afflux sanguin
The flow of blood through the circulatory system of an animal

bloodsucker bloodsuckers n
suceur de sang suceuse de sang
An animal that drinks the blood of others, especially by sucking blood through a puncture wound; a hemovore.
sangsue
(by extension) One who attempts to take as much from others as possible; a leech.

bloodthirsty /ˈblʌdˌθɚsti/ /ˈblʌdθəːsti/ bloodthirstier bloodthirstiest more bloodthirsty most bloodthirsty adj
sanguinaire
Thirsty for blood: inexorably violent or eager for bloodshed; murderous.

bloody /ˈblɜ.ɖiː/ /ˈblʌ.diː/ /ˈbɫɐ.diː/ bloodier bloodiest adj
sanglant ensanglanté
Covered in blood.
sanglant sanglante
Characterised by bloodshed.
foutu foutue maudit maudite
(informal, Britain, Ireland, Newfoundland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) Used as an intensifier.

bloody /ˈblɜ.ɖiː/ /ˈblʌ.diː/ /ˈbɫɐ.diː/ more bloody most bloody adv
vachement
(informal, Britain, Ireland, Newfoundland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) Used to express anger, annoyance, shock, or for emphasis.

bloody dock n
patience sang-de-dragon patience sanguine
A herb named for its characteristic red or purple veins, used in moderate amounts in salads and as ornamental vegetable, Rumex sanguineus.

bloody hell interjection
bon sang merde purée
An expression of dismay, disgust, anger, surprise etc.

bloody mary bloody maries bloody marys n
bloody mary
A cocktail made from vodka, tomato juice, and usually other spices or flavorings, such as Worcestershire sauce, Tabasco sauce, beef consommé or bouillon, horseradish, celery or celery salt, salt, black pepper, cayenne pepper, and lemon juice.

bloody-minded more bloody-minded most bloody-minded adj
de mauvaise foi
(chiefly, UK, informal) Obstinate; stubborn.

bloom /bluːm/ blooms n
efflorescence en fleurs floraison
(uncountable) The opening of flowers in general; the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open.
fleur
(figuratively) A state or time of beauty, freshness, and vigor; an opening to higher perfection, analogous to that of buds into blossoms.
(mineralogy) A bright-hued variety of some minerals.
pruine duvet velours
The delicate, powdery coating upon certain growing or newly-gathered fruits or leaves, as on grapes, plums, etc.
voile
(culinary) A white area of cocoa butter that forms on the surface of chocolate when warmed and cooled.

bloomers n
bloomer
(informal) Women’s underpants with short legs; knickers or drawers.

bloomery iron n
fer au bois obtenu au bas-foyer

blooming /ˈbluː.mɪŋ/ /ˈblʊ.mɪŋ/ more blooming most blooming adj
en fleur
Opening in blossoms; flowering.
florissant florissante
Thriving in health, beauty, and vigor, vigour; indicating the freshness and beauties of youth or health.
sacré sacrée
(British, AU, dated) A euphemism for the intensifier bloody.

blooming /ˈbluː.mɪŋ/ /ˈblʊ.mɪŋ/ bloomings n
fleurissement
The act by which something blooms.

blooper /ˈblu.pɚ/ /ˈbluː.pə/ bloopers n
perle
(informal) A blunder, an error.
bêtisier
(film, informal) A filmed or videotaped outtake that has recorded an amusing accident and/or mistake.

blossom /ˈblɑ.səm/ /ˈblɒ.səm/ blossoms n
fleur
A flower, especially one indicating that a fruit tree is fruiting; (collectively) a mass of such flowers.
floraison
The state or season of producing such flowers.

blossom /ˈblɑ.səm/ /ˈblɒ.səm/ v
fleurir
(intransitive) To have, or open into, blossoms; to bloom.
s'épanouir
(intransitive) To begin to thrive or flourish.

blot /blɑt/ /blɒt/ blots n
tache
A blemish, spot or stain made by a coloured substance.
souillure
(by extension) A stain on someone's reputation or character; a disgrace.

blot /blɑt/ /blɒt/ v
tacher
(transitive) to cause a blot (on something) by spilling a coloured substance.

blot out v
effacer
(transitive) To make indecipherable; to obliterate.

blotting paper n
buvard
Absorbent paper used to dry ink.

blouse /blaʊs/ /blaʊz/ /bluːz/ blouses n
chemisier corsage
(fashion) A shirt for women or girls, particularly a shirt with buttons and often a collar; a dress shirt tailored for women.

blow /bloʊ/ /bləʊ/ blows n
coup
The act of striking or hitting.
A damaging occurrence.
pause
(informal) A chance to catch one's breath.
floraison
A bloom, state of flowering.

blow /bloʊ/ /bləʊ/ v
souffler
(intransitive) To produce an air current.
(transitive) To propel by an air current (or, if under water, a water current), usually with the mouth.
(intransitive) To be propelled by an air current.
(transitive) To create or shape by blowing.
(transitive) To force a current of air upon with the mouth, or by other means.
(intransitive, of a cetacean) To exhale visibly through the spout the seawater which it has taken in while feeding.
souffler jouer
(transitive) To cause to make sound by blowing, as a musical instrument.
péter sauter
(intransitive) To burst or explode; to occur suddenly
(transitive, with "up", or, with prep phrase headed by "to") To cause to explode, shatter, or be utterly destroyed.
péter
(transitive) To cause the sudden destruction of.
exploser en vol
(intransitive) To suddenly fail destructively.
chier nul
(intransitive, stative, slang, sometimes, _, considered, _) To be very undesirable.
bourrer la pipe claquer flamber pipe pomper le dard péter
(obsolete) To spread by report; to publish; to disclose.
bourrer la pipe claquer flamber pipe pomper le dard se casser
(intransitive) To breathe hard or quick; to pant; to puff.
sauter
(transitive) To put out of breath; to cause to blow from fatigue.

blow a fuse v
faire sauter les plombs
(electricity) To overload a circuit sufficiently that a fuse protecting it melts away (or informally a circuit breaker trips), stopping current from flowing.
péter les plombs
(informal) To lose one's temper; to become enraged.

blow a gasket v
péter un cable péter une durite
(informal) To become very angry or upset.

blow away v
souffler
(transitive) To cause to go away by blowing, or by wind.
(transitive, idiomatic, US) To flabbergast; to impress greatly.
s'envoler
(intransitive) To disperse or to depart on currents of air.

blow hot and cold v
souffler le chaud et le froid
(intransitive, idiomatic) To behave inconsistently; to vacillate or to waver, as between extremes of opinion or emotion.

blow me down interjection
la vache merde sapristi vingt dieux

blow off v
avoir des gaz loufer lâcher une caisse péter vesser
(intransitive) To let steam escape through a passage provided for the purpose.

blow off steam v
décompresser se défouler souffler
(idiomatic) To vent; to talk or take action (especially in a ranting or unrestrained way) so as to relieve stress.

blow one's nose v
moucher
To expel mucus or other matter from one's nasal passages, via one's nostril, by force of lung power.

blow out v
crever
(transitive) To extinguish something, especially a flame, especially by means of a strong current of air or another gas.
(intransitive) To deflate quickly on being punctured.
(sports, transitive) In a sporting contest, to dominate and defeat an opposing team, especially by a large scoring margin.
(transitive) to exhaust; to physically tire
(transitive) To force open or out by the expansive force of a gas or vapour.
(intransitive) To be driven out by the expansive force of a gas or vapour.
(slang, vulgar, archaic) To talk violently or abusively.
(slang) To spend a lot of money; to splurge.
éteindre crever
(slang) To sing out, sing out loud.

blow out of the water v
battre poutrer
(idiomatic) To trounce; to defeat thoroughly, as at a game or in battle.

blow over v
abattre
To be knocked down by wind.
enterrer passer terminer
(idiomatic) To pass naturally; to go away; to calm down or subside.

blow smoke v
parler pour ne rien dire
(idiomatic) To speak with a lack of credibility, sense, purpose, or truth; to speak nonsense.

blow someone's brains out v
faire sauter la cervelle
(slang) To shoot someone in the head.

blow someone's mind v
estomaquer souffler stupéfier époustoufler
(idiomatic) To astonish someone; to flabbergast someone.

blow the whistle v
dénoncer dévoiler mettre au jour mettre à nu
(idiomatic, usually, with "on") To disclose information to the public or to appropriate authorities concerning the illegal or socially harmful actions of a person or group, especially a corporation or government agency.
siffler
(team sports) To make a piercing sound which signals a referee's action or the end of a game.

blow to kingdom come /ˈbloʊ tə ˌkɪŋdəm ˈkʌm/ /ˈbləʊ tə ˌkɪŋdəm ˈkʌm/ [-ɾə-] v
démolir mettre en pièces ruiner
(transitive, idiomatic) To totally destroy (something); to annihilate or wipe out (something).

blow up v
faire sauter
(transitive) To cause (something or someone) to explode, or to destroy (something) or maim or kill (someone) by means of an explosion.
agrandir
(transitive) To enlarge or zoom in.
(cycling) To succumb to oxygen debt and lose the ability to maintain pace in a race.
exploser
(slang) To suddenly get very angry.
gonfler
(transitive, dated) To inflate, as with pride, self-conceit, etc.; to puff up.

blow up in one's face v
exploser à la gueule péter à la gueule
(intransitive, idiomatic) To fail disastrously.

blow-by-blow adj
détaillé
Detailing every action or occurrence completely.

blow-dry v
foehner
To dry with a hair dryer

blow-up doll blow-up dolls n
poupée gonflable

blower /ˈbləʊɚ/ blowers n
ventilateur
Any device that blows; often, especially, a furnace component or a supercharger.

blowfish blowfish blowfishes n
poisson ballon poisson globe
Any species of fish of the family Tetraodontidae that have the ability to inflate themselves to a globe several times their normal size by swallowing water or air when threatened.

blowfly blowflies n
mouche à viande
Any of various flies of the family Calliphoridae that lay their eggs in rotting meat, dung, or open wounds.

blowgun blowguns n
sarbacane
A hollow tube through which a dart or similar missile may be blown.

blowhard /ˈbloʊhɑɹd/ /ˈbləʊhɑːd/ blowhards n
grande gueule
(Canada, US, derogatory) A person who talks too much or too loudly, especially in a boastful or self-important manner. [from c. 1840]

blowhole /ˈbləʊhəʊl/ blowholes n
évent
(marine biology) The spiracle, on the top of the head, through which cetaceans breathe.

blowjob /ˈbloʊd͡ʒɑb/ /ˈbləʊdʒɒb/ blowjobs n
pipe pompier turlute
(sex, vulgar, slang) An act of fellatio, or sucking a penis or other phallic object (such as a dildo). Stimulation of somebody's penis or testicles with a person's lips, tongue or mouth with the purpose of giving the receiver sexual pleasure. It may or may not result in orgasm.

blowtorch /ˈbloʊˌtoɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈbləʊˌtɔːtʃ/ blowtorches n
chalumeau lampe à souder
A tool which projects a controlled stream of a highly flammable gas over a spark in order to produce a controlled flame.

blubber /ˈblʌbɚ/ blubbers n
lard
A fatty layer of adipose tissue found immediately beneath the epidermis.
lard de mammifère marin
The thick coat of fat worn by many Arctic animals, such as sea lions, and Antarctic animals, such as penguins; used to insulate warmth in the animal's body.

blubber /ˈblʌbɚ/ v
chialer pleurer comme un veau
To make noises or broken words while crying.

blucher /ˈbluːkə/ bluchers n
derby
A sturdy laced leather half-boot.

bludgeon /ˈblʌd͡ʒ.ən/ bludgeons n
matraque
A short, heavy club, often of wood, which is thicker or loaded at one end.

bludgeon /ˈblʌd͡ʒ.ən/ v
matraquer soutirer
(transitive) To strike or hit with something hard, usually on the head; to club.
soutirer
(transitive) To coerce someone, as if with a bludgeon.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ bluer bluest more blue most blue adj
déprimé
(informal) Depressed, melancholic, sad.
bleu démocrate
(US politics) Supportive of, run by (a member of), pertaining to, or dominated by the Democratic Party. [late 20th c.]
bleu bleue
(particle physics) Having a color charge of blue.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ blues n
bleu bleue
Anything coloured blue, especially to distinguish it from similar objects differing only in color.

blue /bljuː/ /bluː/ /blɪʊ̯/ v
bleuir bleuter
(ergative) To make or become blue; to turn blue.
bleuter
(transitive, metallurgy) To treat the surface of steel so that it is passivated chemically and becomes more resistant to rust.
azurer
(transitive, laundry) To brighten by treating with blue (laundry aid).

blue beret blue berets n
casque bleu
(military) A United Nations peacekeeper.

blue blood blue bloods n
sang bleu
(uncountable) Noble or aristocratic ancestry.

blue card blue cards n
carte bleue
p. 2009, An EU-wide work permit allowing high-skilled non-EU citizens to work and live in any country within the European Union, excluding Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom, which are not subject to the proposal.

blue catfish blue catfish blue catfishes n
poisson-chat bleu
A very large freshwater catfish native from central North America south to Central America, os species Ictalurus furcatus

blue cheese /blu ˈtʃiz/ /bluː ˈtʃiːz/ blue cheeses n
bleu fromage bleu
A kind of cheese with bluish mold in it.

blue crane blue cranes n
Grue de paradis
Grus paradisea, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

blue devils n
déprime idée noire
(idiomatic) low spirits; depression

blue fox blue foxes n
renard bleu
A variant of arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), raised in captivity because of its bluish grey-winter fur.

blue giant blue giants n
géante bleue
(star) a very hot and very luminous star that emits visible light in the blue portion of the spectrum

blue green adj
bleu-vert
Of a bluish green colour.

blue hour blue hours n
heure bleue
The period of twilight when the Sun is approximately 4-8° below the horizon and the sky is within a range of blue colors.

blue jay blue jays n
geai bleu
Any of species Cyanocitta cristata of North American jays with blue feathering from the top of its head to midway down its back.

blue jeans n
bluejean
A pair of trousers made from denim cotton and dyed dark blue.

blue light blue lights n
lumière bleue
Visible light towards the blue end of the spectrum generated from the screen of an electronic device.

blue monkey blue monkeys n
singe bleu
A monkey of species Cercopithecus mitis, native to central and eastern Africa.

blue mussel blue mussels n
moule bleue moule commune
A medium-sized edible mussel, Mytilus edulis, found on the North Atlantic coast of North America, Europe, and in other temperate and polar waters around the world.

blue oak blue oaks n
chêne bleu chêne de Douglas
Quercus douglasii, an oak tree endemic to California.

blue peter blue peters n
pavillon de partance
(nautical) A blue signal flag with a white rectangle in the centre, signifying "P". When flown alone, indicates that a ship is ready to sail, requiring all crew members and passengers to return on board.

blue rock thrush blue rock thrushes n
merle bleu monticole bleu monticole merle-bleu
Monticola solitarius, a thrush-like flycatcher found in southern Europe, northern Africa and parts of Asia

blue screen blue screens n
écran bleu
(computing) Ellipsis of blue screen of death.

blue screen of death blue screens of death n
écran bleu de la mort
(computing, informal) An error screen displayed by some operating systems, especially Microsoft Windows, after encountering an unrecoverable error which causes the system to shut down.

blue state blue states n
État bleu
(idiomatic, US politics) A state of the United States voting Democratic in a given election, or tending to vote Democratic in general.

blue supergiant blue supergiants n
supergéante bleue
(star) a very large, hot and luminous star; a large blue giant

blue swallow blue swallows n
hirondelle bleue

blue tit blue tits n
mésange bleue
Cyanistes caeruleus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae, with an azure blue crown and dark blue line passing through the eye and encircling the white cheeks to the chin.

blue whale blue whales n
baleine bleue rorqual bleu rorqual de Sibbald
A whale (Balaenoptera musculus), blue in color and the largest known living animal.

blue wildebeest blue wildebeest n
gnou bleu
A large ungulate mammal of the bovid family and one of two species of wildebeest, (Connochaetes taurinus)

blue-eyed adj
crédule innocent naïf
Naive; innocent; ingenuous.
aux yeux bleus cyanophtalme
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see blue,‎ eyed (or eye, -ed).

blue-eyed boy blue-eyed boys n
chouchou
(idiomatic, informal, usually, derogatory) The favourite, especially a young one, of especially someone in power; a fair-haired boy (US), (Australian)

blue-green blue-greens n
bleu-vert
color between blue and green

blue-green alga blue-green algae n
algue bleu-vert
Any member of the taxonomic class or phylum Cyanobacteria; a primitive photosynthetic organism similar to bacteria which is thought to have generated the first oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.

blue-pencil v
caviarder
(transitive) To edit, especially to censor, written documents.

blue-sky thinking n
rêverie
(idiomatic) Thinking that is not grounded or in touch with the realities of the present; open-minded thinking.

blue-winged grasshopper blue-winged grasshoppers n
criquet bleu criquet rubané criquet à ailes bleues criquet à ailes bleues et noires œdipode bleue œdipode bleuâtre
Oedipoda caerulescens, a grasshopper species that lives in regions with sparse vegetation.

blue-winged kookaburra blue-winged kookaburras n
martin-chasseur à ailes bleues
A kookaburra of species Dacelo leachii, of northern Australia and New Guinea.

bluebell bluebells n
jacinthe des bois
Various flowering plants with blue, usually pendulous, flowers.

blueberry /ˈblu.ˌbɛ.ɹi/ /ˈbluːb(ə)ɹi/ blueberries n
myrtille bleuet
(countable) An edible round berry, belonging to the cowberry group (Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus), with flared crowns at the end, that turns blue on ripening.
(countable) The shrub of the above-mentioned berry.
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour.

bluebird bluebirds n
merlebleu
Any of various North American birds of the genus Sialia in the thrush family. Their plumage is blue or blue and red.

bluefin tuna bluefin tunas n
thon rouge
southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii).

bluefish bluefish bluefishes n
tassergal
A voracious fish (Pomatomus saltatrix) found in waters of the Atlantic and Indian Ocean.

bluegrass n
bluegrass
(music, uncountable) A subgenre of country music with roots in Scots-Irish Appalachian folk music, blues, and jazz and characterized by banjos, fiddles, acoustic guitars, dobros, and mandolins; but containing no drums, electric guitars, pianos or other keyboard or wind instruments.

bluejet bluejets n
jet bleu
(astronomy, meteorology) an upper atmospheric optical phenomenon associated with thunderstorms, rapidly expanding disk-shaped regions of luminosity, lasting less than a thousandth of a second, which occur high above energetic cloud-to-ground lightning of positive or negative polarity

blueness bluenesses n
bleuité
The quality or characteristic of being blue in color.

blueprint /ˈbluːˌpɹɪnt/ blueprints n
cyanotype
A type of paper-based reproduction process producing white-on-blue images, used primarily for technical and architecture's drawings, now largely replaced by other technologies.
blueprint
(architecture, engineering, by extension) A detailed technical drawing (now often in some electronically storable and transmissible form).

blues /bluːz/ blues n
blues
(music genre) A musical form, African-American in origin, generally featuring an eight-bar or twelve-bar blues structure and using the blues scale.
(music, always singular) A musical composition following blues forms.

bluestocking bluestockings n
bas-bleu
(usually derogatory) A scholarly, literary, or cultured woman.

bluethroat bluethroats n
gorge-bleue à miroir gorgebleue à miroir
A small Old World passerine bird, of species Luscinia svecica, the male in spring having a bright blue throat.

bluetongue bluetongues n
fièvre catarrhale maladie de la langue bleue
(uncountable) A disease of ruminants, caused by Bluetongue virus of the genus Orbivirus, carried by mosquitos, midges etc. [from 19th c.]

bluff /blʌf/ bluffs n
falaise
A high, steep bank, for example by a river or the sea, or beside a ravine or plain; a cliff with a broad face.

bluff /blʌf/ v
bluffer
(poker) To make a bluff; to give the impression that one's hand is stronger than it is.
(by analogy) To frighten or deter with a false show of strength or confidence; to give a false impression of strength or temerity in order to intimidate and gain some advantage.

bluffer /ˈblʌfə/ /ˈblʌfɚ/ bluffers n
bluffeur

bluish /ˈbluːɪʃ/ more bluish most bluish adj
bleuâtre bleuté légèrement bleu
Having a tint or hue similar to the colour blue.

bluishness n
bleuâtreté
The quality of being bluish.

blunder /ˈblʌn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈblʌn.dɚ/ blunders n
gaffe faux pas bourde impair maladresse
A clumsy or embarrassing mistake.

blunder /ˈblʌn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈblʌn.dɚ/ v
faire une gaffe fauter gaffer se planter se tromper
(intransitive) To make a clumsy or stupid mistake.
(transitive) To cause to make a mistake.
se déplacer maladroitement se mouvoir maladroitement
(intransitive) To move blindly or clumsily.

blunderbuss /ˈblʌn.dəˌbʌs/ /ˈblʌn.dɚˌbʌs/ blunderbusses n
tromblon espingole
An old style of muzzleloading firearm and early form of shotgun with a distinctive short, large caliber barrel that is flared at the muzzle, therefore able to fire scattered quantities of nails, stones, shot, etc. at short range.

blunt /blʌnt/ blunter bluntest adj
émoussé
Having a thick edge or point; not sharp.
obtus idiot sot
Dull in understanding; slow of discernment; opposed to acute.
abrupt
Abrupt in address; plain; unceremonious; wanting the forms of civility; rough in manners or speech.

blunt /blʌnt/ blunts n
blunt
(smoking, slang, US) A marijuana cigar.

blunt /blʌnt/ v
émousser
To dull the edge or point of, by making it thicker; to make blunt.
réprimer
(figuratively) To repress or weaken; to impair the force, keenness, or susceptibility, of

blunt instrument blunt instruments n
arme contondante instrument contondant outil contondant
(literally) An object lacking sharp surfaces, especially as used to cause injury.

bluntly /ˈblʌntli/ more bluntly most bluntly adv
abruptement sans ménagement à brûle-pourpoint
In a blunt manner; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility.

blur /ˈblɜː(ɹ)/ blurs n
marque salissure tache
A smear, smudge or blot.
flou
Something that appears hazy or indistinct.

blur /ˈblɜː(ɹ)/ v
flou
brouiller estomper
To make indistinct or hazy, to obscure or dim.
s'estomper
(intransitive) To become indistinct.

blurb /blɝ(ː)b/ blurbs n
quatrième de couverture
A short description of a book, film, or other work, written and used for promotional purposes.

blurred /blɜːd/ /blɝd/ more blurred most blurred adj
flou
Out of focus; partially obscured; smudged.

blurry /ˈblɜːɹi/ blurrier blurriest adj
flou
(of an image) Not clear, crisp, or focused; having fuzzy edges.
confus
(figuratively) Not clear; lacking well-defined boundaries.

blurt /ˈblɜːt/ /ˈblɝt/ v
laisser échapper lâcher
To utter suddenly and unadvisedly; to speak quickly or without thought; to divulge inconsiderately — commonly with out.

blush /blʌʃ/ blushes n
rougeur
An act of blushing; a pink or red glow on the face caused by embarrassment, shame, modesty, etc.
blush fard fard à joues
(uncountable, countable) A sort of makeup, frequently a powder, used to redden the cheeks.

blush /blʌʃ/ v
rougir cramoisir empourprer piquer un fard
(intransitive) To become red in the face (and sometimes experience an associated feeling of warmth), especially due to shyness, shame, excitement, or embarrassment.

blushing bride blushing brides n
une jeune mariée rougissante
A bride.

blusterer blusterers n
matamore
A person who blusters

blustery more blustery most blustery adj
bruyant tumultueux
Blowing in loud and abrupt bursts.

boa /bɔː/ /ˈboʊ.ə/ /ˈbəʊ.ə/ boas n
boa
Any of a group of large American snakes, of the genus Boa, subfamily Boinae, or family Boidae, including the boa constrictor and the emperor boa of Mexico.
(plural "boas") A type of long scarf; typically made from synthetic or real feathers (or occasionally fur), and usually worn by being draped across the shoulders with the ends hanging low, sometimes also with a loop around the neck.

boa constrictor boa constrictors n
boa constricteur
A large tropical American snake, Boa constrictor, that kills its prey by squeezing them.

boar /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ boar boars n
verrat
A male pig.
A male guinea pig.

board /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ boards n
planche
A relatively long, wide and thin piece of any material, usually wood or similar, often for use in construction or furniture-making.
compteur
A device (e.g., switchboard) containing electrical switches and other controls and designed to control lights, sound, telephone connections, etc.
planche tableau plateau
Short for blackboard, whiteboard, chessboard, surfboard, circuit board, message board (on the Internet), etc.
conseil d'administration
A committee that manages the business of an organization, e.g., a board of directors.
couvert pension
(uncountable) Regular meals or the amount paid for them in a place of lodging.
bord
(nautical) The side of a ship.

board /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ v
embarquer monter (à bord de)
(transitive) To step or climb onto or otherwise enter a ship, aircraft, train or other conveyance.
aborder
(transitive, nautical) To (at least attempt to) capture an enemy ship by going alongside and grappling her, then invading her with a boarding party.

board and lodging n
le gîte et le couvert le vivre et le couvert
Lodging with daily meals, usually provided in return for rent or other considerations.

board game board games n
jeu de société
Any of many games of strategy or chance played on a specially designed board; often involves one or more players moving pieces and using dice or cards.

board of directors boards of directors n
conseil d'administration
A group of people elected by stockholders to establish corporate policies and make management decisions.

board up v
barricader condamner
(transitive) To block doors or windows with boards, either to prevent access or as protection from storms, etc.

boarder /ˈbo(ː)ɹdɚ/ /ˈboədə/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔːdə/ boarders n
interne pensionnaire
A pupil who lives at school during term time.
pensionnaire planchiste
Someone who pays for meals and lodging in a house rather than a hotel.
planchiste
One who boards a vehicle.

boarding boardings n
embarquement
The act of people getting aboard a ship aircraft, train, bus, etc.; embarkation.
abordage
The act of a sailor or boarding party attacking an enemy ship by boarding it.

boarding gate boarding gates n
porte d'embarquement

boarding house boarding houses n
pension
A private house in which paying residents are provided with accommodation and meals.
pensionnat
A boarding school building where boarders live during term time.

boarding pass /ˈbɔɹdɪŋ ˌpæs/ boarding passes n
carte d'embarquement
A document or card, similar to a ticket, needed in order to board an airplane or other mode of transport.

boarding school /bɔɹdɪŋ ˈskul/ /bɔːdɪŋ ˈskuːl/ boarding schools n
internat pensionnat
A school which provides board and lodging as well as tuition, with students going home at weekends or between terms.

boarhound boarhounds n
vautre
A large dog, descended from breeds originally used to hunt boars.

boast /boʊst/ /bəʊst/ boasts n
vantardise fanfaronnade
A brag; ostentatious positive appraisal of oneself.
Something that one brags about.
double-mur
(squash) A shot where the ball is driven off a side wall and then strikes the front wall.

boast /boʊst/ /bəʊst/ v
vanter
(intransitive) To brag; to talk loudly in praise of oneself.

boastful /ˈbəʊstf(ə)l/ /ˈbəʊstfʊl/ more boastful most boastful adj
fanfaron vantard
Tending to boast or brag.

boat /boʊt/ /bəʊt/ boats n
bateau barque nacelle
A craft used for transportation of goods, fishing, racing, recreational cruising, or military use on or in the water, propelled by oars or outboard motor or inboard motor or by wind.

boat lift boat lifts n
ascenseur à bateaux
A mechanism used for raising and lowering boats on a canal vertically from one water level to another.

boat person boat people boat persons n
boat-people
A member of any of the ethnic or refugee groups known as "boat people".

boat shoe boat shoes n
chaussure bateau
A type of casual footwear resembling a loafer, originally designed to be worn aboard a boat, characterized by water-resistant hide, soles designed to improve hold on wet deck of the boat and side lacing.

boater /ˈboʊ.tɚ/ /ˈbɐʉt.ɘ/ /ˈbəʊt.ə/ boaters n
canoteur
(nautical) Someone who travels by boat.
canotier
A straw hat, very stiff, with a flat brim and crown.

boathook boathooks n
gaffe harpin
A hook attached to a pole used for pulling or pushing boats, rafts, logs or other objects to or from the side of a boat.

boatman boatmen n
batelier passeur
A man in charge of a small boat.

boatswain /ˈboʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊ.sən/ /ˈbəʊt.sweɪn/ boatswains n
bosco
The officer (or warrant officer) in charge of sails, rigging, anchors, cables etc. and all work on deck of a sailing ship.

bob /bɑb/ /bɒb/ bobs n
plomb poids
The dangling mass of a pendulum or plumb line.

bob /bɑb/ /bɒb/ v
ballotter
(intransitive) To move gently and vertically, in either a single motion or repeatedly up and down, at or near the surface of a body of water, or similar medium.

bob haircut bob haircuts n
carré coiffure à la garçonne
A women's haircut in which both the bangs and back are cut in a straight line, with the back generally off the neck.

bobbin bobbins n
bobine
A spool or cylinder around which wire is coiled.
bobine canette
In a sewing machine, the small spool that holds the lower thread.

bobble /ˈbɒbəl/ bobbles n
pompon
A furry ball attached on top of a hat.
élastique à cheveux
(British) Elasticated band used for securing hair (for instance in a ponytail), a hair tie

bobby /ˈbɑbi/ /ˈbɒbi/ bobbies n
bobby
(British, Ireland, Australia, slang) A police officer.

bobcat /ˈbɒb.kæt/ /ˈbɔb.kæt/ bobcats n
lynx roux
A North American wildcat, Lynx rufus, having tufted ears and a short tail.

bobolink bobolinks n
goglu des prés
An American migratory songbird, Dolichonyx oryzivorus, resembling a blackbird with the bill of a finch.

bobsledder bobsledders n
bobeur bobeuse
Someone who participates in bobsled.

bobsleigh bobsleighs n
bobsleigh
(UK) The sled used in the sport of bobsleigh.

bobèche /boʊˈbɛʃ/ bobèches n
bobèche

bocal /boʊˈkæl/ /ˈboʊkəl/ bocals n
bocal
A curved, tapered metal tube which connects the reed of several double reed woodwind instruments (such as the cor anglais, bassoon, and contrabassoon) to the rest of the instrument.

bocce /ˈbɑt͡ʃi/ bocces n
bocce
(sports, uncountable) A game, similar to bowls or pétanque, played on a long, narrow, dirt-covered court

bode /boʊd/ /bəʊd/ v
présager augurer
(ambitransitive) To indicate by signs, as future events; to be an omen of; to portend or foretell.

bodger /ˈbɑ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈbɒd͡ʒ.ə(ɹ)/ bodgers n
bâcleur
One who works in a rough and ready, slipshod manner.

bodhisattva /boʊ̯diːˈsɑtvə/ /boʊ̯diːˈsʌtvə/ bodhisattvas n
bodhisattva
(Buddhism) A person who has taken specific lay or monastic vows and who is on the road to perfect knowledge; specifically, one who foregoes personal nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment.
(Buddhism) An enlightened being existing in a form of existence beyond the ordinary forms of physical reality understood and acknowledged by scientific thought, resembling the Western notion of angels, but with a wealth of its own nuances and expectations. These include the compassionate working for enlightenment of all sentient beings.

bodice /ˈbɑdɪs/ /ˈbɒdɪs/ bodices n
corsage
Blouse; any shirt for women, particularly the upper part of a two-piece dress or European folk costume.
Underbodice: an undershirt for women, (archaic) particularly a corset or other undershirt stiffened with whalebone.

bodily /ˈbɑdɪli/ /ˈbɒdɪli/ more bodily most bodily adj
corporel
Of, relating to, or concerning the body.

bodily fluid bodily fluids n
fluide corporel humeur liquide biologique
(anatomy) Any liquid portion of the body, such as blood, urine, semen, saliva, especially when expelled.

body /ˈbɑdi/ /ˈbɒdi/ [ˈbɑɾi] bodies n
carrosserie
corps
The physical structure of a human or animal seen as one single organism. [from 9th c.]
The fleshly or corporeal nature of a human, as opposed to the spirit or soul. [from 13th c.]
A group of people having a common purpose or opinion; a mass. [from 16th c.]
Any physical object or material thing. [from 14th c.]
(uncountable) Substance; physical presence. [from 17th c.]
(uncountable) Comparative viscosity, solidity or substance (in wine, colours etc.). [from 17th c.]
corpus corps
A unified collection of details, knowledge or information. [from 17th c.]
organisation corps
An organisation, company or other authoritative group. [from 17th c.]

body and soul adv
corps et âme

body art n
modification corporelle
The application of tattoos, piercings or jewellery to the body.
art corporel
A type of performance art in which artists use or abuse their own body to make particular statements.

body butter body butters n
beurre corporel
An unguent moisturizer designed to be applied to the body.

body camera /ˈbɑdi ˈkæməɹə/ /ˈbɑdi ˈkæmɹə/ /ˈbɑɾi-/ /ˈbɒdi ˈkæməɹə/ /ˈbɒdi ˈkæmɹə/ body cameras n
caméra-piéton caméra d'intervention caméra mobile
A video recording system worn on the body, typically used by law enforcement officers to record their interactions with the public, and gather video evidence at crime scenes. [from 21st century]

body hair body hairs n
poils androgéniques poils du corps
(anatomy) Hair of the body; in particular, androgenic hair, to the exclusion of facial hair and the hair atop one's head.

body image body images n
image corporelle
The subjective inner picture of one's outward physical appearance.

body language body languages n
langage corporel langage du corps
Nonverbal communication by means of facial expressions, eye behavior, gestures, posture, and the like; often thought to be involuntary.
Deliberate, usually culturally influenced, nonverbal communication using the body through facial expressions, gestures, dance, mime, etc.

body linen n
linge de corps
(now, _, historical) Linen used for clothing, especially underwear or nightwear.

body mass index body mass indexes body mass indices n
IMC indice de masse corporelle
A statistical measure of the weight of a person scaled according to height, used to estimate if a person is underweight or overweight. BMI units are defined as \mathrm{kg}/\mathrm{m}^2 ≈ \mathrm{703*lb}/\mathrm{in}^2.

body odour body odours n
odeur corporelle
The unpleasant smell emitted by a person's body, caused by bacteria multiplied by sweat.

body of water bodies of water n
étendue d'eau
Any significant accumulation of water, usually covering the Earth or another planet, such as an ocean, a river, lake or a bay.

body part body parts n
partie du corps
(anatomy) Any part of an animal organism, such as an organ, limb or extremity.

body piercing body piercings n
piercing
(uncountable) The practice of making an opening in part of the flesh and attaching rings, small barbells or varios other decoration through it.
(countable) An opening made in the flesh through the above practice.

body politic bodies politic n
corps politique
(metaphorical) The collective body of a nation or state as politically organized.

body positivity n
body positive
The acceptance and appreciation of all types of human body (associated with fat acceptance)

body shop body shops n
carrosserie
(US) A workshop in which damage to the bodywork of cars is repaired.

body temperature body temperatures n
température corporelle
The current temperature of the body of a person or animal, especially when used as a simple guide to health.

body text n
corps du texte
Within a book or other document, the main portion of text#Noun, excluding the front matter and back matter.

body-hugging more body-hugging most body-hugging adj
moulant
(of clothing) Clinging tightly to one's body.

bodybuilder /ˈbɑː.diˌbɪl.dɚ/ /ˈbɒ.diˌbɪl.də/ [ˈbɑː.ɾiˌbɪɫ.ɾɚ] bodybuilders n
culturiste bodybuilder bodybuildeur bodybuildeuse
(bodybuilding) A person who uses diet and exercise to build an aesthetically muscular physique, in order to compete in bodybuilding.

bodybuilding /ˈbɑːdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ /ˈbɒdiˌbɪldɪŋ/ n
culturisme bodybuilding
A sport in which the aesthetics of muscular development is the basis for competition.
carrosserie
(dated) Work done to construct or repair the body of an automobile.

bodyguard /ˈbɑːdiɡɑːɹd/ /ˈbɒdiɡɑːd/ bodyguards n
garde du corps
A person or group of persons, often armed, responsible for protecting an individual.

bodysuit bodysuits n
body
A one-piece, skin-tight garment rather like a leotard.

bodyweight adj
au poids du corps
Employing (only) a person's own weight as resistance to movement for the purpose of physical exercise.

bodyweight bodyweights n
poids du corps
The weight or mass of an organism.

bodywork bodyworks n
carrosserie
The exterior body of a motor vehicle.

boffin /ˈbɑfɪn/ /ˈbɒfɪn/ boffins n
intello
(Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Ireland, informal, by extension) A person with specialized knowledge or skills, especially one who is socially awkward; (in a weaker sense) an intellectual; a smart person.

bog /bɑɡ/ /bɒɡ/ /bɔɡ/ bogs n
tourbière
(uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.

bog /bɑɡ/ /bɒɡ/ /bɔɡ/ v
s’enliser
(figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.

bog bilberry /bɒɡ ˈbɪlb(ə)ɹɪ/ bog bilberries n
myrtille des marais airelle des marais airelle uligineuse
A shrub native of the cool temperate areas of northern hemisphere, Vaccinium uliginosum, and the berry of that shrub.

bog body bog bodies n
homme des tourbières
A human cadaver that has been naturally mummified in a peat bog.

bog down v
s'enliser
(transitive) To cause to become stuck and unable to progress.

bog iron ore n
fer des lacs fer des marais
(geology) Deposit of porous, impure limonite found in bogs and swamps.

bog roll bog rolls n
PQ papier-cul torche-cul
(Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, vulgar ) toilet paper.
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, vulgar) a roll of toilet paper.

bog rosemary n
andromède
Any shrub in the genus Andromeda, especially Andromeda polifolia.

bogatyr /ˌboʊɡəˈtɪɚ/ bogatyri bogatyrs n
bogatyr
(historical) A medieval heroic warrior in Kievan Rus, akin to the Western European knight-errant.

bogey /boʊɡi/ /bəʊɡi/ bogeys n
bogey boguey
(golf) A score of one over par on a hole.

bogeyman /ˈboʊ.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbu.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡiˌmæn/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡɪˌmæn/ /ˈbʊɡ.iˌmæn/ bogeymen n
croque-mitaine
A menacing, ghost-like monster in children's stories.

boggle /ˈbɑ.ɡəl/ /ˈbɒɡ.əl/ /ˈbɔɡ.əl/ v
être confus être époustouflé
(intransitive) To be bewildered, dumbfounded, or confused.
troubler épater
(transitive) To confuse or mystify; overwhelm.

boggy boggier boggiest adj
marécageux
Having the qualities of a bog; i.e. dank, squishy, muddy, and full of water and rotting vegetation.

bogie /ˈboʊ.ɡi/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡi/ bogies n
bogie boggie
(by extension, rail transport, also, attributively) One of two sets of wheels under a locomotive or railcar; also, a structure with axles and wheels under a locomotive, railcar, or semi which provides support and reduces vibration for the vehicle.

bogrush bogrushes n
choin
Any of several sedges of the genus Schoenus.

bogue /boʊɡ/ bogues n
bogue boga
A species of seabream fish native to the eastern Atlantic (Boops boops).

bogus /ˈboʊ.ɡəs/ /ˈbəʊ.ɡəs/ more bogus most bogus adj
bidon
Counterfeit or fake; not genuine.
nul
(slang) Undesirable or harmful.
fichu foireux foutu gâté hors d'usage niqué
(computing, slang) Incorrect, useless, or broken.

bohrium /ˈbɔːɹiəm/ n
bohrium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Bh) with an atomic number of 107.

boid /ˈboʊ.ɪd/ /ˈbəʊ.ɪd/ boids n
boïdé
Any member of the family Boidae of non-venomous snakes.

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ boils n
furoncle
A localized accumulation of pus in the skin, resulting from infection.
bouillir
The point at which fluid begins to change to a vapour; the boiling point.

boil /bɔɪl/ /ˈbɔɪ.əl/ v
bouillir porter à ébullition
(transitive, of liquids) To heat to the point where it begins to turn into a gas.
faire bouillir bouillir
(ambitransitive) To cook in boiling water.
bouillir
(intransitive, of liquids) To begin to turn into a gas, seethe.

boil down v
résumer
(intransitive) To become reduced (to the most central elements or ingredients: to the essence, core, or implication for action).

boil over v
déborder
(intransitive) To boil to such an extent as to overflow its container.

boil up v
bouillir
(transitive) To cook or prepare by boiling.
s'énerver
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become more excited, intense or exciting.

boiled /bɔɪld/ more boiled most boiled adj
bouilli
Cooked in boiling water.

boiled egg boiled eggs n
œuf bouilli œuf dur œuf mollet œuf à la coque
An egg which has been cooked in the shell in boiling water. It can be hard-boiled or soft-boiled.

boiler /ˈbɔɪlə/ /ˈbɔɪlɚ/ boilers n
chaudière chauffe-eau
A device consisting of a heat source and a tank for storing hot water, typically for space heating, domestic hot water etc., disregarding the source of heat.

boiler room boiler rooms n
chaufferie
A room in a building that houses the boiler(s) and similar equipment.

boiler suit boiler suits n
combinaison
A one-piece suit combining trousers and jacket, worn for heavy or hot manual labour.

boilermaker /ˈbɔɪləɹmeɪkɚ/ boilermakers n
chaudronnier
A person qualified to make or repair boilers.
Dame du lac
(US) A whiskey with a beer chaser.

boilerplate boilerplates n
texte standard
(computing) Standard text or program code used routinely and added with a text editor or word processor; text of a legal or official nature added to documents or labels.

boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ more boiling most boiling adj
bouillant
That boils or boil.

boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ boilings n
ébullition bouillonnement
(countable) The process of changing the state of a substance from liquid to gas by heating it to its boiling point.

boiling hot adj
bouillant
(idiomatic) Extremely hot (having a high temperature: of an object, the weather, a living creature)

boiling point /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ ˌpɔɪnt/ boiling points n
point d'ébullition
(physics, chemistry) The temperature at which a liquid boils, with the vapor pressure equal to the given external pressure.

boisterous /ˈbɔɪstəɹəs/ /ˈbɔɪstɹəs/ more boisterous most boisterous adj
bruyant tapageur
Full of energy; exuberant; noisy.
turbulent
Characterized by violence and agitation; wild; stormy.

bok choy /ˌbɒkˈt͡ʃɔɪ/ n
chou chinois chou de Pékin pe-tsaï
Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis, an East Asian leafy vegetable related to the Western cabbage.

bokeh /ˈboʊ.kə/ /ˈboʊˌkeɪ/ /ˈbəʊ.kə/ /ˈbəʊˌkeɪ/ bokehs n
bokeh
(photography) A subjective aesthetic quality of out-of-focus areas of an image projected by a camera lens.

bold /baʉld/ /boʊld/ /ˈbəʊld/ [bɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈbɒʊ(ɫ)d] bolder boldest more bold most bold adj
hardi effronté
Courageous, daring.
gras
(typography, of, _, typefaces) Having thicker strokes than the ordinary form of the typeface.

boldly /ˈboʊldli/ /ˈbəʊldli/ [ˈbɒʊldli] boldlier boldliest more boldly most boldly adv
hardiment
In a bold manner; with confidence.

boldness /ˈboʊldnəs/ /ˈbəʊldnəs/ boldnesses n
audace
The state of being bold; courage.

bole /bol/ /bɒʊl/ /bəʊl/ boles n
fût
The trunk or stem of a tree.

bolete /boʊˈlit/ boletes n
bolet
A type of fruiting body produced by certain fungus species in the order Boletales, especially those of genus Boletus, many of which are prized for their flavour; any species of said order that produces such a fruiting body.

bolide /ˈboʊ.laɪd/ /ˈboʊ.lɪd/ bolides n
bolide
An extremely bright meteor.

boll /boʊl/ /bɒl/ bolls n
graine

boll weevil boll weevils n
anthonome charançon du coton
A beetle (Anthonomus grandis) measuring an average length of six millimeters (¼ inch), which feeds on cotton buds and flowers, native to Central America.

bollard /ˈbɒlɑːd/ /ˈbɒləd/ /ˈbɒləɹd/ bollards n
bollard bitte bitte d'amarrage borne
A similar post preventing vehicle access to a pedestrian area, to delineate traffic lanes, or used for security purposes.

bollock /ˈbɒ.lək/ bollocks n
couille bonbon pruneau rouston
(British, Irish, vulgar, chiefly, in the plural) A testicle.

bollock /ˈbɒ.lək/ v
engueuler mettre une chasse passer un savon pourrir tancer
(British, transitive, vulgar, slang) To reprimand severely and grossly.

bollocks /ˈbɒ.ləks/ interjection
les boules merde putain putain de merde vingt dieux
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar, slang) An expression of anger, frustration, etc.
merde putain
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar, slang) An expression of incredulity.

bollocks /ˈbɒ.ləks/ n
bijoux de famille couilles pruneaux valseuses
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar) The testicles (sometimes used in the singular)
conneries foutaises
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar) Nonsense or information deliberately intended to mislead.
couillon jean-foutre malcomprenant
(Ireland, Britain, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar, used as singular) An idiot, an ignorant or disagreeable person.

bollocks /ˈbɒ.ləks/ v
péter
(transitive, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar) To break.
chier dans la colle foirer
(transitive, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, vulgar) (also bollocks up) To fail (a task); to make a mess of.

bolognese /ˌbɒləɡˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈneɪz/ /ˌbɒləˈnjeɪz/ bologneses n
sauce bolognaise
An Italian sauce made of ground meat and tomato.

bolometer bolometers n
bolomètre
(physics) A sensitive device for detecting and measuring the energy of electromagnetic radiation.

bolometric adj
bolométrique

bolometric magnitude bolometric magnitudes n
magnitude bolométrique
(astronomy) The magnitude of a star in terms of the total amount of radiation received at all wavelengths

bolon bolons n
bolon
A traditional harp played in Mali.

bolster /ˈboʊlstɚ/ /ˈbəʊlstə/ bolsters n
traversin
A large cushion or pillow.

bolt /boʊlt/ /bɒlt/ /bəʊlt/ [bɔʊɫt] bolts n
carreau boulon
A (usually) metal fastener consisting of a cylindrical body that is threaded, with a larger head on one end. It can be inserted into an unthreaded hole up to the head, with a nut then threaded on the other end; a heavy machine screw.
verrou
A sliding pin or bar in a lock or latch mechanism.
boulon vis verrou
A bar of wood or metal dropped in horizontal hooks on a door and adjoining wall or between the two sides of a double door, to prevent the door(s) from being forced open.
éclair
A lightning spark, i.e., a lightning bolt.
rouleau
A large roll of fabric or similar material, as a bolt of cloth.
boulon vis
An iron to fasten the legs of a prisoner; a shackle; a fetter.

bolt /boʊlt/ /bɒlt/ /bəʊlt/ [bɔʊɫt] v
boulonner
(transitive) To connect or assemble pieces using a bolt.
s’enfuir s’échapper
(intransitive) To flee, to depart, to accelerate suddenly.
monter monter en graine
(intransitive, botany, of lettuce, spinach, garlic, onion, etc) To produce flower stalks and flowers or seeds quickly or prematurely; to form a bolt (stalk or scape); to go to seed.

bolt action bolt actions n
mécanisme à verrou
A type of firearm action in which the weapon's bolt is operated manually by the opening and closing of the breech with a small handle, most commonly placed on the right-hand side of the weapon.

bolt bucket bolt buckets n
tas de boue tas de ferraille
(idiomatic, slang) A machine, especially an automobile. Implies that the machine is clunky or unreliable.

bolt cutter bolt cutters n
coupe-boulons pince-monseigneur
A metal tool, resembling a large pair of pliers, used to cut or sheer bolts.

bolt upright adj
droit comme un i

bolthole boltholes n
havre de paix refuge repaire sanctuaire tanière
(figurative) A second home, etc. where a person can go to escape the stresses of everyday life.

bolus /ˈbəʊləs/ boli boluses n
bol bol alimentaire
A round mass of something, especially of chewed food in the mouth or alimentary canal.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ bombs n
bombe explosif obus
An explosive device used or intended as a weapon, (especially) one dropped from an aircraft.
bombe bombe sexuelle
(chiefly, British, India, slang) A very attractive woman.
bombe
(colloquial) An act of jumping into water while keeping one's arms and legs tucked into the body, as in a squatting position, to maximize splashing.

bomb /bɑm/ /bɒm/ /bɔm/ /bʌm/ v
bombarder pilonner
(transitive, figuratively, often with with) To attack or annoy in the manner of a bombing.
se planter se ramasser
(ambitransitive) To fail dismally.

bomb crater bomb craters n
cratère de bombe
A hole in the ground created by the explosion of a large bomb, usually one dropped by a bomber (aircraft).

bomb cyclone bomb cyclones n
bombe cyclonique

bombard /bəmˈbɑɹd/ /ˈbɑmˌbɑɹd/ /ˈbɒmˌbɑːd/ /ˌbɑmˈbɑɹd/ /ˌbɒmˈbɑːd/ bombards n
bombarde
a medieval primitive cannon, used chiefly in sieges for throwing heavy stone balls.

bombard /bəmˈbɑɹd/ /ˈbɑmˌbɑɹd/ /ˈbɒmˌbɑːd/ /ˌbɑmˈbɑɹd/ /ˌbɒmˈbɑːd/ v
bombarder
(figuratively) To attack something or someone by directing objects at them.
(physics) To direct at a substance an intense stream of high-energy particles, usually sub-atomic or made of at most a few atoms.

bombardier beetle bombardier beetles n
bombardier
A beetle whose defence mechanism enables it to eject a hot aqueous mixture of chemicals at predators. They come from a number of subfamilies: Carabinae (e.g., Brachinus crepitans), Metriinae (e.g., Stenaptinus insignis) and Paussinae (e.g., Goniotropis nicaraguensis).

bombardment bombardments n
bombardement
the act of bombing, especially towns or cities

bombastic /bɑmˈbæs.tɪk/ /bɒmˈbæs.tɪk/ more bombastic most bombastic adj
ampoulé boursouflé enflé pompeux
(of a person, their language or writing) showy in speech and given to using flowery or elaborate terms; grandiloquent; pompous
abscons verbeux
High-sounding but with little meaning.

bombe /bɒm(b)/ bombes n
bombe
A dessert made from ice cream frozen in a (generally spherical or hemispherical) mold.
(computing) An electromechanical device used in early cryptanalysis.

bomber /ˈbɑmɚ/ /ˈbɒmə(ɹ)/ bombers n
bombardier
(aviation, military) A military aircraft designed to carry and drop bombs.
poseur de bombes artilleur
A person who sets bombs, especially as an act of terrorism.

bombing /ˈbɒmɪŋ/ bombings n
bombardement
The action of dropping bombs from the air.

bombshell bombshells n
bombe obus
A bomb or artillery shell designed to explode on impact.
bombe surprise
(figurative) Something that is very surprising, shocking, amazing or sensational.
avion de chasse bombe bonnasse
(by extension) Someone who is very attractive; a sex symbol.

bon appétit /ˈbɔn ˌæpəˈti/ /ˌbo(ʊ).næ.pəˈti/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈti(t)/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈti/ /ˌboʊn æpəˈtit/ /ˌbɒn apəˈtiː/ /ˌbɒn apɛˈtiː/ /ˌbɔː.næ.peɪˈtiː/ phraseologicalUnit
bon appétit bon ap'
Used to wish someone enjoyment of the meal they are about to eat.

bon mot /bɑn moʊ/ /bɒn məʊ/ /bɒ̃ məʊ/ bon mots bons mots n
bon mot
A clever saying, phrase or witticism; often, a witty riposte in dialogue.

bon vivant /ˌbɑn viˈvɑnt/ /ˌbɑn vɪvˈɑnt/ /ˌbɒ̃ viːˈvɒ̃/ bon vivants bons vivants n
bon vivant bonne vivante
A man who enjoys luxurious things in life, especially good food and drink; a man about town.

bon voyage /ˌbɒn vwaɪˈɑːʒ/ /ˌbɒn vɔɪˈɑːʒ/ interjection
bon voyage
Used to wish someone a good journey.

bona fide /ˈboʊnə.faɪd/ /ˈboʊnəˌfiːdeɪ/ /ˈbɑnə.faɪd/ /ˌboʊnəˈfaɪdi/ /ˌbəʊ.nəˈfaɪ.di/ adj
véritable authentique
de bonne foi
In good faith; sincere; without deception or ulterior motive.

bond /bɑnd/ /bɒnd/ bonds n
obligation
(finance) A documentary obligation to pay a sum or to perform a contract; a debenture.
lien entrave
(often, in the plural) A physical connection which binds, a band.
lien
An emotional link, connection or union; that which holds two or more people together, as in a friendship; a tie.
liaison
(chemistry) A link or force between neighbouring atoms in a molecule.
alliance
A binding agreement, a covenant.
appareil
(construction) In building, a specific pattern of bricklaying, based on overlapping rows or layers to give strength.

bond /bɑnd/ /bɒnd/ v
lier
(transitive) To connect, secure or tie with a bond; to bind.
appareiller
(transitive, construction) To lay bricks in a specific pattern.

bond market bond markets n
marché obligataire
A financial market where participants buy and sell debt securities, usually in the form of bonds.

bondage /ˈbɑn.dɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈbɒn.dɪd͡ʒ/ bondages n
esclavage servitude
The state of being enslaved or the practice of slavery.
esclavage
(by extension) The state of lacking freedom; constraint.
bondage
(sex) The practice of physically restraining people for sexual pleasure, such as by tying up or shackling.

bonding bondings n
lien
The act by which something is bonded or joined together.
bonding
(networking) A method of aggregating multiple network interfaces on a computer into a single logical interface

bondman bondmen n
esclave serf
A man who is bound in servitude.

bone /boʊn/ /bɐʉn/ /bəʉn/ /bəʊn/ bones n
os
(uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
(countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of bone.
(American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
os arête
A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
baleine
One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
nonos sucette
(figurative) A reward.

bone /boʊn/ /bɐʉn/ /bəʉn/ /bəʊn/ v
désosser
To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.
fourrer emmancher forniquer s’envoyer en l’air tirer sa crampe
(vulgar, slang, usually of a man, ambitransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).
potasser
(usually with "up") To study.
To polish boots to a shiny finish.

bone density bone densities n
densité minérale osseuse
(medicine) A measure of the amount of mineral in bones, used to estimate the risk of osteoporosis or fractures.

bone folder bone folders n
plioir
A dull-edged hand tool used to fold and crease material in crafts.

bone marrow bone marrows n
moelle osseuse moelle
(anatomy) The fatty vascular tissue that fills the cavities of bones, being the place where new blood cells are produced.

bone of contention /ˈboʊn əv kənˈtɛnʃən/ /ˈbəʊn əv kənˈtɛnʃən/ bones of contention n
pomme de discorde
(idiomatic) Something that continues to be disputed; something on which no agreement can be reached

bone-idle adj
cossard fainéant flemmard glandouilleur oisif
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, idiomatic) Utterly lazy.

boneless more boneless most boneless adj
désossé
Without bones, especially as pertaining to meat or poultry prepared for eating.

boner /ˈboʊ.nɚ/ /ˈbəʊ.nə(ɹ)/ boners n
trique gaule
(coarse, slang) An erect penis. [from mid-20th c.]
connerie
(dated, _, slang, especially, baseball) A blunder; a silly mistake. [from early 20th c.]

boneseeker /ˈboʊnˌsikɚ/ /ˈbəʊnsiːkə/ boneseekers n
substance ostéotrope
(physiology, radiology) Any element, especially a radioisotope, that has a tendency to accumulate in bones.

bonfire /ˈbɑnˌfaɪɚ/ /ˈbɒnfaɪə/ /ˈbɔn-/ bonfires n
feu de joie
A large, controlled outdoor fire lit to celebrate something or as a signal.
bûcher
A fire lit outdoors to burn unwanted items; originally (historical) , heretics or other offenders, or banned books; now, generally agricultural or garden waste, or rubbish.

bong /bɑŋ/ /bɒŋ/ /bɔŋ/ bongs n
bang
A vessel, usually made of glass or ceramic and filled with water, used in smoking various substances, especially cannabis.

bongo /ˈbɑŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈbɒŋ.ɡəʊ/ bongoes bongos n
bongo
A striped bovine mammal found in Africa, Tragelaphus eurycerus.
Either of a pair of small drums of Cuban origin, played by beating with the hands.

bonheur du jour /bɒˌnɜː d(j)uː ˈʒʊə/ /bəˌnɝ d(j)u ˈʒʊɹ/ /bəˌnɝ də ˈʒʊɹ/ bonheurs du jour n
bonheur-du-jour
(historical, furniture) An 18th- and 19th-century lady's portable writing desk with a raised back.

bonhomie /ˈbɑnəmi/ /ˈbɒnəmiː/ /ˌboʊ-/ /ˌbɑnəˈmi/ bonhomies n
bonhomie
(uncountable) A friendly, good-natured, pleasant manner; an affable and approachable disposition; friendliness.

boning knife boning knives n
couteau désosseur couteau à désosser
a sharp-pointed and narrow-bladed kitchen knife, used for removing the bones of poultry, meat, and fish.

bonk /bɑŋk/ /bɒŋk/ /bɔŋk/ bonks n
bosse
(informal, countable) A bump on the head.
choc heurt
(informal, countable) Any minor collision or blow.
coït
(informal, countable, chiefly, UK) An act of sexual intercourse.

bonk /bɑŋk/ /bɒŋk/ /bɔŋk/ v
heurter
(informal) To strike or collide with something.
faire l'amour
(informal, chiefly, UK, ambitransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).

bonkers /ˈbɑŋkɚz/ /ˈbɒŋkəz/ more bonkers most bonkers adj
chtarbé délirant fou irrationnel zinzin
(informal, especially, Britain) Mad; crazy.

bonnet /ˈbɑn.ɪt/ /ˈbɒn.ɪt/ bonnets n
bonnet tuque
A type of hat, once worn by women or children, held in place by ribbons tied under the chin.
béret casquette
A traditional Scottish woollen brimless cap; a bunnet.
capot
(Australia, British, NZ, South Africa, automotive) The hinged cover over the engine of a motor car; a hood.

bonobo /bəˈnoʊ̯ˌboʊ̯/ /bəˈnəʊ̯ˌbəʊ̯/ /ˈbɒ.nəˌboʊ̯/ bonobos n
bonobo
The pygmy chimpanzee, Pan paniscus, from Africa south of the Congo river.

bonsai /ˈbɑnsaɪ/ /ˈbɑnzaɪ/ /ˈbɒnsaɪ/ v
bonsaï
(transitive) To make into a bonsai by restricting the roots and pruning.

bonus /ˈboʊ.nəs/ /ˈbəʊ.nəs/ boni bonuses bonusses n
bonus
Something extra that is good; an added benefit.
bonus prime
An extra sum given as a premium, e.g. to an employee or to a shareholder.

bonus genius n
bon génie
(obsolete) A good spirit or angel, seen as influencing a person's decisions, etc.

bony /ˈboʊni/ /ˈbəʊni/ bonier boniest adj
osseux
resembling, having the appearance or consistence of, or relating to bone; osseous.

bony fish bony fish bony fishes n
poisson osseux
A fish belonging to either the Actinopterygii taxonomic class or the Sarcopterygii taxonomic class; a finfish.

bonze /ˈbɒnz/ bonzes n
bonze
A Buddhist monk or priest in East Asia.

boo /buː/ interjection
bouh hou
A loud exclamation intended to scare someone. Usually used when one has been hidden from the target, and then appears unexpectedly.
bouh
An exclamation used by a member of an audience, as at a stage play or sports game, to indicate derision or disapproval of what has just occurred.

boo /buː/ v
huer
(intransitive) To shout extended boos derisively.

boo hoo interjection
ouin-ouin
The sound of crying.

boo-boo /ˈbuːˌbuː/ boo-boos n
bobo
(countable, colloquial, childish, by or to young children) A minor injury, such as a cut or a bruise.

boob /ˈbuːb/ boobs n
néné lolo nichon boîte à lait doudoune loloche
(colloquial, slang) A breast, especially that of an adult or adolescent female human.

boob tube boob tubes n
téloche
(US, informal, dated, derogatory) A television.

booby /ˈbuːbi/ boobies n
nibard nichon néné robert
(colloquial) A breast.
fou
Any of various large tropical seabirds from the genera Sula and Papasula in the gannet family Sulidae, traditionally considered to be stupid.

booby prize booby prizes n
prix parodique
(idiomatic) A prize or status, often unwelcome, awarded as a joke or disincentive to the loser of a contest or for poor performance.

booby trap booby traps n
piège piégé
(military) An antipersonnel device deliberately hidden or disguised as a harmless object.

booger /ˈbʊɡə/ /ˈbʊɡɚ/ boogers n
crotte de nez mucus
(US, Canada, Philippines, slang) A piece of solid or semisolid mucus in or removed from a nostril.

boogie /ˈbuː.ɡi/ /ˈbʊ.ɡi/ boogies n
boogie
(informal) A style of swing dance.

boogie-woogie /ˌbuːɡiˈwuːɡi/ /ˌbʊɡiˈwʊɡi/ boogie-woogies n
boogie-woogie
(music genre) A style of blues piano music.

book /buːk/ /bɵk/ /bʊk/ books n
livre bouquin
A collection of sheets of paper bound together to hinge at one edge, containing printed or written material, pictures, etc.
A long work fit for publication, typically prose, such as a novel or textbook, and typically published as such a bound collection of sheets, but now sometimes electronically as an e-book.
A major division of a long work.

book /buːk/ /bɵk/ /bʊk/ v
réserver
(transitive) To reserve (something) for future use.

book club book clubs n
cercle de lecture club de lecture
A group of people who meet to discuss the books they have been reading.
club de livres
A commercial organization offering subscribers a selection of books from a catalogue.

book lung book lungs n
phyllotrachée
(arachnology) A lamellate respiratory organ found in arachnids.

book of hours books of hours n
livre d'heures
(Christianity, chiefly, _, historical) An illuminated Catholic devotional book, popular in the Middle Ages.

book town book towns n
village du livre

book value book values n
valeur comptable
The value of an asset as reflected on an entity's accounting books, without accounting for appreciation or depreciation.
prix public conseillé
The price for which an item or service should be bought or sold, usually as related in a printed collection of prices for similar items or services.

bookbinder bookbinders n
relieur relieuse
A person whose profession is binding pages together to form books.

bookcase /ˈbʊkˌkeɪs/ [ˈbʊʔk̚keɪs] bookcases n
bibliothèque
A piece of furniture for the storage and display of books.

bookend bookends n
serre-livre
A heavy object or moveable support placed at one or both ends of a row of books for the purpose of keeping them upright.

booking /ˈbʊkɪŋ/ bookings n
réservation
A reservation for a service, such as travel or hotel accommodation.
réserve
(sports) The issuing of a caution which is usually written down in a book, and results in a yellow card or (after two bookings) a red card, that is to say, the player is sent from the field of play.

bookish /ˈbʊk.ɪʃ/ more bookish most bookish adj
bouquineur rat de bibliothèque
Fond of reading or studying, especially said of someone lacking social skills as a result.
littéraire cuistre formaliste livresque pédant scolaire
Characterized by a method of expression generally found in books.

bookkeeper /bʌʔˈkiː.pə(ɹ)/ /ˌbʊkˈkiː.pə(ɹ)/ bookkeepers n
comptable
(accounting) A person responsible for keeping records or documents, such as of a business.

bookkeeping /ˈbʊkˌkiːpɪŋ/ bookkeepings n
comptabilité
(accounting) The skill or practice of keeping books or systematic records of financial transactions, e.g. income and expenses.

booklet /ˈbʊk.lət/ booklets n
brochure livret pamphlet
A small or thin book.

bookmaker /ˈbʊkmeɪkɚ/ bookmakers n
bookmaker
(gambling) A person (or a business) who calculates odds and accepts bets, especially on horse racing; a bookie.

bookmark /ˈbʊk.mɑː(ɹ)k/ bookmarks n
marque-page signet
A strip of material used to mark a place in a book.
marque-page signet favori
(computing) A record of the address of a file or Internet page, serving as a shortcut to it.

bookmarklet bookmarklets n
applisignet bookmarklet favelet marque-page scripté signapplet
(computing, Internet) A small piece of JavaScript code stored as a URL within a bookmark.

bookmobile bookmobiles n
bibliobus
A mobile library; especially, a large van designed to transport a portion of some library's collection.

bookplate bookplates n
ex libris ex-libris
A printed piece of paper pasted on one of the pages of a book, most often on the inside front cover, showing ownership and thus deterring theft.

bookseller /ˈbʊksɛlɚ/ booksellers n
libraire
A person engaged in the business of selling books.

bookshelf /ˈbʊkˌʃɛlf/ bookshelves n
bibliothèque étagère
A shelf or shelves for storing books for easy visual reference.

bookshop bookshops n
librairie
A shop that sells books.

bookworm /ˈbʊk.wɜːm/ bookworms n
rat de bibliothèque bibliophage papivore
(figurative) An avid book reader.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ interjection
boum
Used to suggest the sound of an explosion.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ booms n
boum
A low-pitched, resonant sound, such as of an explosion.
bôme
(sailing) A spar extending the foot of a sail; a spar rigged outboard from a ship's side to which boats are secured in harbour.
A wishbone-shaped piece of windsurfing equipment.
boom
(economics, business) A period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity.
perche
A movable pole used to support a microphone or camera.
A floating barrier used to obstruct navigation, for military or other purposes; or used for the containment of an oil spill or to control the flow of logs from logging operations.
hausse mat
A horizontal member of a crane or derrick, used for lifting.

boom /bum/ /buːm/ v
prospérer
(transitive, dated) To cause to advance rapidly in price.

boom box boom boxes n
boombox ghettoblaster radiocassette
A powerful portable audio system for listening collectively to recorded or broadcast sound.

boomerang /ˈbuməɹæŋ/ /ˈbuːməɹæŋ/ boomerangs n
boomerang
A flat curved airfoil that spins about an axis perpendicular to the direction of flight, originally used in various parts of the world as a hunting weapon or, in returnable types, for sports or training.

boomslang /ˈbuːmˌslæŋ/ boomslang boomslangs n
boomslang
(South Africa) A highly venomous snake found in sub-Saharan Africa, Dispholidus typus.

boon /buːn/ boons n
bénédiction aubaine
A good thing; a blessing or benefit; a thing to be thankful for.
bénédiction
(Hindu mythology) A blessing, typically a supernatural power, granted to an ascetic by a god or goddess.

boondock boondocks n
cambrousse
(US, with article, in the plural) A brushy, rural area or location.

boor /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ /bʊə/ /bʊɹ/ boors n
rustre
A peasant.
plouc
A yokel, country bumpkin.
rustre mufle pignouf plouc beauf
An uncultured person.

boorish /ˈbʊəɹɪʃ/ more boorish most boorish adj
grossier
Behaving as a boor; rough in manners.

booster /ˈbustɚ/ boosters n
lanceur
The first stage of a multistage rocket that provides the thrust for liftoff and the initial flight.

booster dose booster doses n
rappel
A dose of an antigen designed to strengthen immunity after an earlier immunizing dose.

boot /but/ /buːt/ /bʉːt/ /bʏːt/ [buːt] boots n
botte bottine
A heavy shoe that covers part of the leg.
copie pirate
(informal) A bootleg recording.

boot /but/ /buːt/ /bʉːt/ /bʏːt/ [buːt] v
botter
(transitive) To kick.
(informal) To eject; kick out.
démarrer amorcer
(computing) To bootstrap; to start a system, e.g. a computer, by invoking its boot process or bootstrap.
déconnecter expulser
(computing, informal) To disconnect forcibly; to eject from an online service, conversation, etc.
vomir
(slang) To vomit.

boot jack boot jacks n
tire-botte
A firm structure with hole, into which a person steps, in order to more easily remove their foot from a boot.

boot loader boot loaders n
bootloader
(computing) A small program that initiates the bootstrap process by loading the operating system proper.

boot sector boot sectors n
secteur d’amorçage
(computing) A dedicated sector, usually at the beginning (first sector on first track) of a storage medium, that holds special data used to start a system.

booted eagle booted eagles n
aigle botté
Hieraaetus pennatus, a medium-sized mostly migratory bird of prey with a wide distribution in the Palearctic and southern Asia.

booted warbler booted warblers n
hypolaïs bottée
Iduna caligata, an Old World warbler in the tree warbler group.

bootee /ˈbuːti/ bootees n
bottillon
An overshoe or sock worn to cover dirty shoes or feet.

booth /buːð/ /buːθ/ booths n
stand échoppe
A small stall for the display and sale of goods.
cabine guérite
An enclosure just big enough to accommodate one standing person.
box
An enclosed table with seats, as in a diner or café.

bootleg adj
[[non-]]officiel
Illegally produced, transported or sold; pirated.

bootlegger bootleggers n
bootlegger trafiquant
An illegal trader of goods, especially of alcohol.

bootlicker bootlickers n
lèche-bottes
(derogatory) A person who behaves in a servile or obsequious manner; a toady

bootmaker bootmakers n
bottier
A maker of boots; a cobbler.

bootstrap /ˈbuːtˌstɹæp/ bootstraps n
languette tirant
A loop (leather or other material) sewn at the side or top rear of a boot to help in pulling the boot on.
tremplin
(figuratively) A means of advancing oneself or accomplishing something without aid.
amorçage
(computing) The process by which the operating system of a computer is loaded into its memory.

bootstrap /ˈbuːtˌstɹæp/ v
amorcer lancer se débrouiller
se débrouiller
To help (oneself) without the aid of others.

booty /ˈbuːti/ booties n
fesses cul postérieur séant
(slang) The buttocks.
butin dépouille
Plunder taken from an enemy in time of war, or seized by piracy.
plan cul
(vulgar, slang, not countable) A person considered as a sexual partner or sex object.

booze /buːz/ boozes n
bibine
(colloquial, uncountable) Any alcoholic beverage. (Especially hard liquor.)

boracic more boracic most boracic adj
boracique borique
Relating to, or impregnated with borax.
fauché fauchée
(Cockney rhyming slang) penniless

borage /ˈbɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ borages n
bourrache bourrache officinale
Borago officinalis, a Mediterranean plant with rough, cucumber-flavored leaves and stems, used in salads and cooked.

borate borates n
borate
A salt or ester formed by the combination of boric acid with a base or positive radical

borax boraces boraxes n
borax
A white or gray/grey crystalline salt, with a slight alkaline taste, used as a flux, in soldering metals, making enamels, fixing colors/colours on porcelain, and as a soap, etc.
(chemistry) The sodium salt of boric acid, Na2B4O7, either anhydrous or with 5 or 10 molecules of water of crystallization; sodium tetraborate.

borborigmus /bɔːbəˈɹɪɡməs/ borborigmi n
borborygme
A rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestines.

borborygmus /bɔːbəˈɹɪɡməs/ borborygmi n
borborygme
A rumbling sound made by the movement of gas in the intestines.

border /ˈboɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔːdə/ /ˈbɔːɹdɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹdɚ] borders n
frontière
The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions.
bord bordure
The outer edge of something.
bordure
A decorative strip around the edge of something.
parterre plate-bande
A strip of ground in which ornamental plants are grown.

border /ˈboɹdɚ/ /ˈbɔədə/ /ˈbɔːdə/ /ˈbɔːɹdɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹdɚ] v
délimiter
(transitive) To put a border on something.
border
(transitive) To lie on, or adjacent to, a border of.
(intransitive) To approach; to come near to; to verge (with on or upon).

border control n
contrôle aux frontières contrôle frontalier
Measures taken by a state or a bloc of states to monitor its borders and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across the border.

border guard border guards n
police frontalière
A national agency that enforces the security of the country's national borders.
garde-frontière
A person assigned to watch, protect or control the frontier between two sovereign states.

bordereau bordereaus bordereaux n
bordereau
A detailed statement, especially one containing a detailed listing of documents or accounts.

bordering adj
limitrophe
Having a common boundary or border

borderland borderlands n
marche
Land near a border; marches.

borderline more borderline most borderline adj
limite

borderpost borderposts n
poste-frontière

bordure /ˈboɹ.djʊɹ/ /ˈboɹ.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈbɔː.d͡ʒə/ /ˈbɔːdjʊə/ /ˈbɔːd͡ʒə/ /ˈbɔːɹdjʊɹ/ /ˈbɔːɹd͡ʒɚ/ [ˈbo̞ɹ.d͡ʒɚ] bordures n
bordure
(heraldiccharge) A contrasting border around a shield.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ bores n
mascaret
A sudden and rapid flow of tide occurring in certain rivers and estuaries which rolls up as a wave.

bore /bo(ː)ɹ/ /boə/ /bɔɹ/ /bɔː/ v
ennuyer barber
(transitive) To inspire boredom in somebody.
percer
(intransitive) To make a hole with, or as if with, a boring instrument; to cut a circular hole by the rotary motion of a tool.

boreal /ˈbɔɹi.əl/ /ˈbɔːɹɪəl/ more boreal most boreal adj
boréal
Of, relating to, or coming from the north.

boreal chickadee boreal chickadees n
mésange à tête brune
Poecile hudsonicus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae.

boreas boreases n
aquilon borée

bored /bo(ː)ɹd/ /boəd/ /bɔɹd/ /bɔːd/ more bored most bored adj
ennuyé
Suffering from boredom; mildly annoyed and restless through having nothing to do.

boredom /ˈbɔɹ.dəm/ /ˈbɔː.dəm/ boredoms n
ennui
(countable) An instance or period of being bored; A bored state.

borhani n
Borhani
Yoghurt-like drink of Bangladesh.

boric adj
boracique borico- borique
(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or containing the element boron.

boric acid boric acids n
acide borique
(chemistry) H3BO3; B(OH)3; a white crystalline solid, soluble in hot water to form a weak acid. Used as a mild antiseptic, flame retardant, insecticide, and in the manufacture of borax and other borate salts.

boride borides n
borure
(chemistry) the B3− anion
(chemistry) any binary compound of boron and a more electropositive element

boring /ˈboə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈboɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈboː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈbɔː.ɹɪŋ/ more boring most boring adj
ennuyeux ennuyant barbant
Causing boredom or tiredness; making you to feel tired and impatient.

born /boɹn/ /bɔːn/ /bɔːɹn/ [bo̞ɹn] adj
né
Having from birth (or as if from birth) a certain quality or character; innate; inherited.

born with a silver spoon in one's mouth adj
né avec une cuillère d'argent dans la bouche
(idiomatic) born rich, or into a wealthy family

born-again adj
de nouveau rené à nouveau
(Christianity) Having a renewed commitment to Jesus Christ.

borne /boən/ /boɹn/ /boːɹn/ /bɔːn/ [bo̞ɹn] adj
porté supporté
carried, supported.

boromagnesite boromagnesites n
boromagnésite

boron /ˈbɔːˌɹɒn/ borons n
bore
The chemical element (symbol B) with an atomic number of 5, which is a metalloid found in its pure form as a dark amorphous powder.

borophene borophenes n
borophène

borough /ˈbɝ.oʊ/ /ˈbʌ.ɹə/ /ˈbʌɹ.oʊ/ boroughs n
arrondissement
A town having a municipal corporation and certain traditional rights.

borreliosis borrelioses n
borréliose

borrow /ˈbɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈbɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈbɔɹ.oʊ/ v
emprunter
To receive (something) from somebody temporarily, expecting to return it.
emprunter retenir
(arithmetic) In a subtraction, to deduct (one) from a digit of the minuend and add ten to the following digit, in order that the subtraction of a larger digit in the subtrahend from the digit in the minuend to which ten is added gives a positive result.

borrowed scenery n
paysage emprunté
The principle of incorporating background landscape into the composition of a garden found in traditional East Asian garden design.

borrower /ˈbɑɹoʊɚ/ /ˈbɔɹəʊə/ borrowers n
emprunteur emprunteuse
One who borrows.

borscht /bɔɹʃt/ /bɔːʃt/ borschts n
bortsch borsch
A beetroot soup that can be served hot or cold, usually with sour cream.

borzoi /ˈbɔɹ.zɔɪ/ /ˈbɔː.zɔɪ/ borzoi borzois n
barzoï lévrier russe
A dog of a particular breed, similar in shape to a greyhound but with longer silkier hair.

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ adj
intime
In a very close relationship.

bosom /ˈbʊz(ə)m/ bosoms n
sein
A breast, one of a woman's breasts

bosom friend bosom friends n
ami intime amie intime
A very close friend.

boson /ˈboʊ.zɒn/ /ˈbəʊ.zɒn/ bosons n
boson
(particle) A particle with totally symmetric composite quantum states, which exempts them from the Pauli exclusion principle, and that hence obeys Bose-Einstein statistics. They have integer spin. Among them are many elementary particles, and some (gauge bosons) are known to carry the fundamental forces. Compare fermion.

boss /bɑs/ /bɒs/ /bɔs/ bosses n
patron chef
A person who oversees and directs the work of others; a supervisor.
A person in charge of a business or company.
clé de voûte
(architectural element) A knob or projection, usually at the intersection of ribs in a vault.
chef patron
A leader, the head of an organized group or team.
(informal, especially, India, MLE, and, Philippines) A term of address to a man.
boss
(video games) An enemy, often at the end of a level, that is particularly challenging and must be beaten in order to progress.

boss around v
mener à la baguette
To act in a bossy manner with another person, ordering them to do things, whether or not one is actually their superior.

bossa nova /ˈbɒsə ˈnəʊvə/ bossa novas n
bossa nova
A genre of music originating from Brazil, similar to a fusion of jazz and samba music, no longer closely associated with the Brazilian dance.
The music of that dance.

bossage bossages n
bossage
(architecture) A rough, unfinished stone block, which is left projecting from the wall of a building to be later sculpted.

bossy /ˈbɑsi/ /ˈbɒsi/ /ˈbɒsɪ/ /ˈbɔsi/ bossier bossiest adj
autoritaire
Tending to give orders to others, especially when unwarranted; domineering.

bot /bɑt/ /bɒt/ bots n
bot robot
(computing) A piece of software designed to perform a minor but repetitive task automatically or on command, especially when operating with the appearance of a (human) user profile or account.

botanical adj
botanique
Of or pertaining to botany; relating to the study of plants.

botanical garden botanical gardens n
jardin botanique
A place where a variety of plants are grown, primarily for scientific or educational reasons, but are normally open to the public, and include ornamental plants from around the world.

botanist /ˈbɒt.ən.ɪst/ [ˈbɒt.n̩.ɪst] botanists n
botaniste
(botany) A person engaged in botany, the scientific study of plants.

botanize /ˈbɒtənaɪz/ v
botaniser
To do the work of a botanist, as to inventory the plant life in an area and to collect plants for research purposes.

botany /-nɪ/ /ˈbɑt.ni/ /ˈbɑt.ə.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ni/ /ˈbɒt.ə.ni/ botanies n
botanique
(uncountable) The scientific study of plants, a branch of biology. Typically those disciplines that involve the whole plant.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ botches n
bidouillage
An action, job, or task that has been performed very badly; a ruined, defective, or clumsy piece of work.

botch /bɑt͡ʃ/ /bɒt͡ʃ/ v
rater saccager
(transitive) To perform (a task) in an unacceptable or incompetent manner; to make a mess of something
bâcler rater
To do something without skill, without care, or clumsily.

botch up v
bousiller gâter
(informal, transitive) To ruin, mess up.

botched adj
gâché
Made or repaired in a clumsy or incompetent manner.

botfly botflies n
œstre
One of several dipterous insects of the family Oestridae, the larvae of which are parasites on many animals, including humans.

both /boʊlθ/ /bəʊθ/ [boʊɫθ] [boʊθ] [bɐʉθ] [bəʊθ] [bɜʊ̯θ] determiner
les deux tous les deux tout deux
Each of the two; one and the other; referring to two individuals or items.

both … and conjunction
aussi bien … que

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ interjection
zut mince
A mild expression of annoyance.

bother /ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɔðə(ɹ)/ v
déranger embêter gêner bâdrer
(transitive) To annoy, to disturb, to irritate; to be troublesome to, to make trouble for.
daigner se donner la peine
To do something which is of negligible inconvenience.

botnet /ˈbɒtnɛt/ botnets n
botnet
(Internet, computer security) A collection of compromised computers that is gradually built up and then unleashed as a DDOS attack or used to send very large quantities of spam.

botrytic adj
botrytique

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ bottles n
bouteille
The contents of such a container.
(figurative) Intoxicating liquor; alcohol.
culot
(British, informal) (originally "bottle and glass" as rhyming slang for "arse") Nerve, courage.

bottle /ˈbɑ.təl/ /ˈbɒt.əl/ v
embouteiller mettre en bouteille
(transitive) To seal (a liquid) into a bottle for later consumption. Also fig.
nourrir au biberon
(transitive, British) To feed (an infant) baby formula.
se dégonfler
(British, slang) To refrain from doing (something) at the last moment because of a sudden loss of courage.

bottle cap bottle caps n
capsule
Any of several designs of closure used to seal bottles.

bottle deposit bottle deposits n
consigne
A monetary deposit collected at the point of sale when a bottled beverage is purchased, and fully or partially refunded when the empty bottle is returned.

bottle episode /ˈbɑtəl ˈɛpəˌsoʊd/ /ˈbɒtəl ˈɛpɪsəʊd/ [-ɾəl-] bottle episodes n
épisode bouteille
(originally, US, television) An episode of a television series designed to be inexpensive and restricted in its use of sets, effects, cast members, etc.

bottle opener bottle openers n
décapsuleur ouvre-bouteille
A device used to remove the cap from a bottle.

bottle out v
craquer dégonfler
(UK, informal) To fail to perform a promised or planned action due to lack of courage or nerve.

bottle up v
embouteiller
To put into bottles.
To prevent (enemy vessels) from leaving an anchorage.
réprimer enfouir
(idiomatic) To keep suppressed and hidden.

bottled water bottled waters n
eau en bouteille eau embouteillée
Drinking water sold by bottle, either natural or processed by e.g. filtering, carbonation or mineralization.

bottleneck bottlenecks n
goulot goulot de bouteille tête de bouteille
The narrow portion that forms the pouring spout of a bottle; the neck of a bottle.
goulet d'étranglement goulot
(by extension) The part of a process that is too slow or cumbersome.

bottlenose dolphin bottlenose dolphins n
dauphin à gros nez grand dauphin tursiops
One of the species of gray dolphin in the genus Tursiops, between 2 and 4 meters in length inhabiting warm and temperate seas worldwide.

bottom /ˈbɑtəm/ /ˈbɒtəm/ bottoms n
fond bas dessous
The lowest part of anything.
derrière cul arrière-train popotin potron séant
(euphemism) The buttocks or anus.
passif enculé
(broadly, by extension) A submissive partner in a sexual relationship.
(LGBT, _, slang) A man, trans woman, or other person with a penis, who prefers the receptive role in anal sex.

bottom bracket bottom brackets n
axe de pédalier

bottom feeder bottom feeders n
poisson de fond
A fish or other aquatic creature that feeds off the bottom of its habitat; a flatfish.

bottom line bottom lines n
résultat net
(countable, uncountable, business) The final balance; the amount of money or profit left after everything has been tallied.
résumé
(idiomatic) The summary or result; the most important information.

bottom quark bottom quarks n
quark bottom
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -\frac{1}{3} and a mass of about 4,100 to 4,400 MeV.Symbol: b

bottom surgery bottom surgeries n
chirurgie du bas
(LGBT, surgery) Sex reassignment surgery performed on the reproductive organs, particularly the genitals.

bottom the house v
nettoyer du sol au plafond
(idiomatic, dated) To clean a house from top to bottom; to clean a house extremely thoroughly.

bottom-most adj
tout en bas
Lowest, closest to the bottom.

bottomless /ˈbaɾəmlɪs/ /ˈbɒtəm.ləs/ adj
insondable
Extremely deep.
cul nu cul-nu les fesses à l'air
Not wearing clothes below the waist; particularly not wearing clothes that would cover the genitalia.

bottomless pit bottomless pits n
abîme
(biblical) Hell.
(figuratively) An endless resource or supply.
puits sans fond
(figuratively) A person with an apparently boundless appetite; an entity or problem which consumes seemingly endless resources.

bottomonium bottomonia bottomoniums n
bottomonium
(particle) Any meson, such as an upsilon particle, formed from a bottom quark and its antiquark.

bottomry bottomries n
bodinerie bomerie

bottoms up interjection
cul sec à fond
Cheers! (the drinking toast)

botulinum toxin botulinum toxins n
toxine botulique
A neurotoxic protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum.

botulism /ˈbɑ.t͡ʃəˌlɪz.əm/ /ˈbɒt.jʊl.ɪz.əm/ botulisms n
botulisme
(pathology) Poisoning caused by the toxin from Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic bacterium that grows in improperly prepared food.

botvinya botvinyas n
botvinia
A type of Slavic kvass-based cold soup.

boubou boubous n
boubou
A flowing wide-sleeved robe worn by men in much of West Africa, and to a lesser extent in North Africa.

bougainvillea /ˌboʊ.ɡənˈvɪl.jə/ /ˌbu.ɡənˈvɪl.jə/ /ˌbuː.ɡənˈvɪl.ɪ.ə/ bougainvilleas n
bougainvillier bougainvillée
Any of several South American flowering shrubs or lianas, of the genus Bougainvillea, having three showy, colorful bracts attached below each group of three inconspicuous flowers.

bough /baʊ/ boughs n
branche
A tree-branch, usually a primary one directly attached to the trunk.

bouillabaisse /-ˌbɛs/ /ˈbujəˌbeɪs/ /ˈbuːjəˌbeɪs/ /ˌbujəˈbeɪs/ /ˌbuːjəˈbeɪs/ bouillabaisses n
bouillabaisse
A type of fish soup or stew from Provence, France.

bouillon /ˈbuˌjɑn/ /ˈbuː.jɒn/ /ˈbuː.jɒ̃/ /ˈbʊljən/ /ˈbʊlˌjɑn/ bouillons n
bouillon
A clear seasoned broth made by simmering usually light meat, such as beef or chicken.

bouillon cube bouillon cubes n
bouillon cube
(Canada, US) A small cube, consisting of dry ingredients, that can be dissolved to make a broth or soup stock.

boulder /ˈboʊldɚ/ /ˈbəʊl.də(ɹ)/ boulders n
rocher boulder
A large mass of stone detached from the surrounding land.

boules n
boules pétanque
bowls; a game played with metal balls.

bouleutes bouleutai n
bouleute
(Ancient Greece) counsellor

boulevard /ˈbuː.ləˌvɑːd/ /ˈbʊləvɑɹd/ boulevards n
boulevard
A broad, well-paved and landscaped thoroughfare.

boulevardier /ˌbu-/ /ˌbʊləvɑɹˈdjeɪ/ /ˌbʊləvɑɹˈdɪɹ/ boulevardiers n
boulevardier boulevardière
A man who frequents the boulevards; thus, a man about town or bon vivant.

bounce /baʊns/ bounces n
rebond
A change of direction of motion after hitting the ground or an obstacle.
A movement up and then down (or vice versa), once or repeatedly.

bounce /baʊns/ v
rebondir
(transitive) To cause to move quickly up and down, or back and forth, once or repeatedly.

bounced cheque bounced cheques n
chèque en bois

bouncer /ˈbaʊn.sə/ /ˈboʊn.sɚ/ bouncers n
videur
(informal) A member of security personnel employed by bars, nightclubs, etc to maintain order and deal with patrons who cause trouble.

bouncing castle /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkæsəl/ /ˌbaʊnsɪŋ ˈkɑːsəl/ bouncing castles n
jeu gonflable château gonflable
A large inflatable structure, resembling a castle etc., on which children jump and play as on a trampoline.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ adj
obligé tenu
(with infinitive) Obliged (to).
Unable to move in certain conditions.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ bounds n
frontière borne
(often, used in plural) A boundary, the border which one must cross in order to enter or leave a territory.
bond saut
A sizeable jump, great leap.
borne
(mathematics) A value which is known to be greater or smaller than a given set of values.

bound /ˈbaʊnd/ v
délimiter entourer
To surround a territory or other geographical entity; to form the boundary of.
bondir sauter
(transitive) To cause to leap.
(transitive, dated) To cause to rebound; to throw so that it will rebound; to bounce.

bound morpheme bound morphemes n
morphème lié
(linguistic morphology) A morpheme that can only occur when bound to a root morpheme. For example: cran- (as in cranberry), -ed, -ing, -ly.

bound variable bound variables n
variable liée
(programming) A variable that is associated with a value, and therefore a variable that has an allocated storage location. If the programming language implements a representation of a canonical unknown value, infinity, etc., the value bound to the variable may be one of these.

boundary /ˈbaʊndəɹi/ /ˈbaʊndɹi/ boundaries n
frontière limite
The dividing line or location between two areas.
limites
(figurative, often, in the plural) The bounds, confines, or limits between immaterial things (such as one’s comfort zone, privacy, or professional sphere and the realm beyond).
frontière
(topology) (of a set) The set of points in the closure of a set S, not belonging to the interior of that set.

bounded /ˈbaʊndɪd/ more bounded most bounded adj
borné
(analysis, of a set) That can be enclosed within a ball of finite radius.

bounded function bounded functions n
fonction bornée
(mathematics) Any function whose values remain bounded by some constant.

boundless more boundless most boundless adj
illimité
Without bounds, unbounded.

bounteous /ˈbaʊntiəs/ /ˈbaʊnʃəs/ more bounteous most bounteous adj
généreux
(, of a person) Inclined to be generous.

bounty /ˈbaʊn(t)i/ /ˈbaʊnti/ bounties n
don
(countable) Something given liberally; a gift.
prime
(countable) A reward for some specific act, especially one given by an authority or a government.
(military, historical) Money paid to a person when becoming a member of the armed forces, or as a reward for some service therein.

bounty hunter bounty hunters n
chasseur de primes
An individual who catches criminals and brings them to the police in return for a reward.

bouquet /boʊˈkeɪ/ /buˈkeɪ/ bouquets n
bouquet
A bunch of cut flowers.
The scent of a particular wine.

bouquet garni bouquets garnis n
bouquet garni
A bundled mixture of herbs or dried herbs used as a flavouring for stews, soups, and sauces.

bourbon /bɔː(ɹ)bən/ /bɜː(ɹ)bən/ /ˈbʊə(ɹ)bən/ bourbons n
bourbon
A serving of bourbon whiskey.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ more bourgeois most bourgeois adj
bourgeois
Of or relating to the middle class, (often, pejorative) their presumed overly conventional, conservative, and materialistic values.
(Marxism) Of or relating to the capitalist class, (usually, _, pejorative) the capitalist exploitation of the proletariat.

bourgeois /bəɹˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ /bəːˈdʒɔɪs/ n
gaillarde petit-romain
(printing, dated) A size of type between brevier and long primer, standardized as 9-point.

bourgeois /bʊɹʒˈwɑː/ /ˈbɔːʒ.wɑː/ /ˈbʊəʒ.wɑː/ bourgeois n
bourgeois bourgeoise
(history) An individual member of the bourgeoisie, the third estate of the French Ancien Regime.

bourgeoisie /ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/ bourgeoisies n
bourgeoisie
(Marxism) The capitalist class.

bourgeoisify /bɔː(ɹ)ʒˈwɑːzifaɪ/ /bʊə(ɹ)ʒˈwɑːzifaɪ/ v
embourgeoiser
(transitive) To make bourgeois.

bourrée bourrées n
bourrée
A baroque dance of French origin, common in Auvergne and Biscay in Spain in the 17th century.

boustrophedon /ˌbuːstɹəˈfiːdən/ boustrophedons n
boustrophédon
(historical, calligraphy, of writing) Writing that is right-to-left and left-to-right on alternate lines.

boutique /boʊˈtik/ /buːˈtiːk/ boutiques n
boutique
A small shop, especially one that sells fashionable clothes, jewelry and the like.

boutonniere /ˌbuːtənˈiːɚ/ /ˌbuːtənˈjɛɹ/ boutonnieres n
boutonnière
A small flower or bunch of flowers worn in a buttonhole or pinned to the lapel of a jacket.

bouzouki /buːˈzuːki/ /bəˈzuːki/ bouzoukis n
bouzouki
(musical instrument) A Greek long-necked plucked fretted lute with a sharp, metallic sound.

bovarysm n
bovarisme bovarysme
(psychology) An anxiety to escape from a social or sentimental condition judged to be unsatisfactory, sometimes by building a fictitious personality.

bovid /ˈboʊvɪd/ bovids n
bovidé
An animal of the family Bovidae (such as the antelope, gazelle, goat, and sheep).

bovine /ˈboʊ.vɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvin/ /ˈbəʊ.vaɪn/ more bovine most bovine adj
bovin
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to cattle.

bovine /ˈboʊ.vɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈboʊˌvin/ /ˈbəʊ.vaɪn/ bovines n
bovin
An animal of the family, subfamily, tribe, or genera including cattle, buffaloes and bison.

bovine spongiform encephalopathy n
encéphalopathie spongiforme bovine
(disease, neurology) A fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which is transmissible to humans through misshaped prion proteins, caused by eating infected tissues.

bow /baʊ/ bows n
révérence
A gesture, usually showing respect, made by inclining the head or bending forward at the waist; a reverence
proue étrave
(nautical) The front of a boat or ship.

bow /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ bows n
arc arc à flèches archet
A weapon made of a curved piece of wood or other flexible material whose ends are connected by a string, used for shooting arrows.
arc
A curved bend in a rod or planar surface, or in a linear formation such as a river (see oxbow).
arc archet arc à flèches
Any instrument consisting of an elastic rod, with ends connected by a string, employed for giving reciprocating motion to a drill, or for preparing and arranging hair, fur, etc., used by hatters.

bow /baʊ/ v
faire une révérence s'incliner
(intransitive) To bend oneself as a gesture of respect or deference.

bow /boʊ/ /bəʊ/ v
fléchir courber
(transitive, figurative) To exercise powerful or controlling influence over; to bend, figuratively; to turn; to incline.

bow and arrow /ˈbəʊ ən(d) ˈæɹəʊ/ bows and arrows n
arc et flèche
A weapon consisting of a bow and a supply of arrows, often kept in a quiver.

bow and scrape /ˌbaʊ ən ˈskɹeɪp/ v
caresser dans le sens du poil cirer les pompes lécher le cul passer de la pommade
(idiomatic, by extension) To behave in a servile, obsequious, or excessively polite manner.

bow down /baʊ ˈdaʊn/ v
s’incliner
(intransitive, idiomatic) To bow, to bend oneself as a gesture of deference or respect.

bow grip bow grips n
poucette poussette
(musical instruments, lutherie) The small section of a stringed instrument's bow near the heel having grippy material such as goatskin leather or snakeskin wrapped tightly around the bow stick between the lapping and the frog, so as to facilitate it being held and to protect the stick.

bow maker bow makers n
facteur d'arc
One who manufactures bows for use in archery.
archetier
One who manufactures bows for use with bowed stringed instruments.

bow out /baʊ aʊt/ v
incliner tirer sa révérence
(idiomatic) To resign, or leave, with one's credibility still intact.

bow saw bow saws n
scie à archet
A lightweight metal-framed saw in the shape of a bow with a removable coarse wide blade, used for cutting tree trunks.
sciotte
A woodworking saw used for straight or curved cuts.

bow shock /ˈbaʊʃɑk/ bow shocks n
onde de shock
(astronomy) The region of the magnetosphere in which the solar wind slows from supersonic to subsonic.

bow-wow interjection
mouarf ouah ouah
Representing the sound of a dog barking.

bowdlerize /ˈbaʊd.ləɹˌaɪz/ /ˈbaʊd.ləˌɹaɪz/ v
expurger censurer
To remove or alter those parts of a text considered offensive, vulgar, or otherwise unseemly.

bowel /baʊl/ /ˈbaʊ.əl/ bowels n
gros intestin
(chiefly, medicine) A part or division of the intestines, usually the large intestine.
boyaux
(in the plural) The entrails or intestines; the internal organs of the stomach.
entrailles
(in the plural, figuratively) The (deep) interior of something.
(in the plural, archaic) The seat of pity or the gentler emotions; pity or mercy.

bowel movement bowel movements n
défécation
The discharge of feces from the body, an act of defecation.
fèces
The feces thus produced.

bowel obstruction bowel obstructions n
occlusion intestinale
(gastroenterology) An obstruction of the intestines which prevents normal digestion.

bowels /baʊ.əlz/ n
boyaux entrailles
The intestines.

bower /baʊ.əɹ/ /baʊəɹ/ /bəʊ.əɹ/ /bəʊəɹ/ bowers n
boudoir
A bedroom or private apartments, especially for a woman in a medieval castle.

bower bird bower birds n
jardinier
Any bird of the Australasian family Ptilonorhynchidae noted for building display structures (bowers) and decorating them with bright objects such as shells, glass, flowers, etc.

bowhead bowheads n
baleine boréale
A large whale, Balaena mysticetus, having a large, rounded head, that inhabits Arctic waters.

bowl /boʊl/ /bɐʉl/ /bəʊl/ [boɫ] [bɒʊɫ] bowls n
bol
A roughly hemispherical container used to hold, mix or present food, such as salad, fruit or soup, or other items.

bowl a googly v
poser une colle prendre de court
(transitive, idiomatic, UK, figuratively) to surprise (someone); to introduce (to someone) something unexpected, underhand or requiring a quick reaction or correction.

bowl cut bowl cuts n
coupe au bol
(hairstyling) A haircut where the hair is cut short on the sides and back and allowed to grow long on the top, as though only the hair not covered by an inverted bowl had been removed.

bowleg bowlegs n
genu varum jambe arquée
A leg that curves outward at the knee. It might refer to the leg of a human, animal or even a piece of furniture.

bowler hat bowler hats n
chapeau melon
A hard round black felt hat with a narrow brim, formerly worn by men.

bowlful bowlfuls bowlsful n
bolée
The amount that a bowl will hold.

bowline /ˈboʊ lɪn/ /ˈbəʊ lɪn/ bowlines n
nœud de chaise bouline
(nautical) A knot tied so as to produce an eye or loop in the end of a rope that will not slip or jam.

bowling /ˈboʊlɪŋ/ /ˈbəʊlɪŋ/ [ˈbɒʊɫɪŋ] n
bowling
A game played by rolling a ball down an alley and trying to knock over a triangular group of ten pins; ten-pin bowling/five-pin bowling

bowling alley bowling alleys n
allée de bowling bowling salle de quilles
A building or room which contains lanes for bowling.

bowling ball bowling balls n
boule de quille
(bowling) A solid ball used in the sport of bowling, with finger holes allowing it to be picked up.

bowls /boʊlz/ /bəʊlz/ n
boulingrin
A precision sport where the goal is to roll biased balls (weighted on one side, and called bowls) closer to a smaller white ball (the jack or kitty) than one's opponent is able to do.

bowmaking n
archèterie

bowser bowsers n
pompe pompe à essence
(now, _, chiefly, Australia, and, New Zealand) A fuel metering/delivery pump at a filling station.
camion-citerne
A road vehicle (often a trailer) for the transport of liquid fuel, particularly aviation fuel at an airfield.

bowsprit /ˈbəʊspɹɪt/ bowsprits n
beaupré
(nautical) A spar projecting over the prow of a sailing vessel to provide the means of adding sail surface.

bowstring /ˈboʊstɹɪŋ/ /ˈbəʊstɹɪŋ/ bowstrings n
corde
The string of an archer's bow.
(historical) The string of an archer's bow, as used by the Turks for strangling offenders.

bowtie /boʊˈtaɪ/ /bəʊˈtaɪ/ adj
nœud papillon
Having the shape that the displayed part of a bowtie does when the latter is tied.

bowtie /boʊˈtaɪ/ /bəʊˈtaɪ/ bowties n
nœud papillon nœud pap'
A man's necktie tied in a bow around the throat.

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ boxes n
boutique cheminée salle de jeu
(slang, vulgar) The vagina.
boîte
A compartment or receptacle for receiving items.
boîte caisse
A cuboid space; a cuboid container, often with a hinged lid.
A cuboid container and its contents; as much as fills such a container.
boîtier tour
(computing, slang) A computer, or the case in which it is housed.
cadre case encadré
A compartment (as a drawer) of an item of furniture used for storage, such as a cupboard, a shelf, etc.
cadre encadré
(engineering) A cylindrical casing around the axle of a wheel, a bearing, a gland, etc.
A rectangle: an oblong or a square.
case
(fencing) A device used in electric fencing to detect whether a weapon has struck an opponent, which connects to a fencer's weapon by a spool and body wire. It uses lights and sound to notify a hit, with different coloured lights for on target and off target hits.
coquille protège-sexe
(cricket) A hard protector for the genitals worn inside the underpants by a batsman or close fielder.
guérite
A small rectangular shelter.
loge
A compartment to sit inside in an auditorium, courtroom, theatre, or other building.
lucarne téloche télé
(slang) Preceded by the: television.
coup de poing
A blow with the fist.
buis
(Australia) Various species of Eucalyptus trees are popularly called various kinds of boxes, on the basis of the nature of their wood, bark, or appearance for example, the drooping box (Eucalyptus bicolor), shiny-leaved box (Eucalyptus tereticornis), black box, or ironbark box trees.

box /bɑks/ /bɒks/ v
emboîter mettre en boîte
(transitive) To place inside a box; to pack in one or more boxes.
boxer
(transitive) To strike with the fists; to punch.
(transitive, boxing) To fight against (a person) in a boxing match.
(intransitive, stative, boxing) To participate in boxing; to be a boxer.
cacher
(transitive, architecture) To enclose with boarding, lathing, etc., so as to conceal (for example, pipes) or to bring to a required form.

box calf n
box-calf
A type of chromium-tanned calfskin leather with a regular grain of rectangular lines.

box in v
emboîter
To enclose by drawing a box around.

box jellyfish box jellyfish box jellyfishes n
méduse-boîte
Pacific jellyfish of class Cubozoa.

box office /ˈbɑksˌɑfɪs/ /ˈbɑksˌɔfɪs/ /ˈbɒksˌɒfɪs/ box offices n
guichet billetterie
(countable, film, theater) A place where tickets are sold in a theatre/theater or cinema.

box plot box plots n
boîte à moustaches
(statistics) A graphical summary of a numerical data sample through five statistics: median, lower quartile, upper quartile, and some indication of more extreme upper and lower values.

box seat box seats n
siège
A seat among a group of seats in an enclosure, as at a theater or stadium.

box spring box springs n
sommier
A box-shaped frame into which is a set of spiral springs, upon which rests a bed mattress.

box the compass /bɒks ðə ˈkʌmpəs/ v
virer de bord
(idiomatic) To make a complete reversal in stance or opinion.

box tree box trees n
buis
(botany) Any of several trees, of the genus Buxus, often used as a hedge, for topiary, and as a source of boxwood

box wine box wines n
caisse-outre cubi
(packaging) A type of wine that is sealed in a plastic bladder and packaged in a cardboard box; cask wine.

boxer /ˈbɑksɚ/ /ˈbɒksə/ boxers n
boxeur boxer
A participant in a boxing match; a fighter who boxes.
boxer boxeur
A breed of stocky, medium-sized, short-haired dog with a square-jawed muzzle.

boxer shorts n
caleçon
Shorts worn as underwear by men.

boxfish boxfish boxfishes n
poisson-coffre
Any of the family Ostraciidae of often colorful, squared, bony fishes.

boxful boxesful boxfuls n
boîte
as much as a box will hold

boxing /ˈbɑːksɪŋ/ /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ n
boxe pugilat
(sports) A sport where two opponents punch each other with gloved fists to head and torso; the object being to score more points by the end of the match or by knockout, or technical knockout.

boxing glove boxing gloves n
gant de boxe
(boxing) A padded mitten, designed to protect the hand while punching, and worn in boxing.

boxing ring boxing rings n
ring de boxe
A space, usually square, with elastic ropes around the edge, in which a boxing match is fought.

boxwood boxwoods n
buis
(countable, uncountable) The box tree, Buxus sempervirens.

boy /bɔɪ/ /bɔːə/ boys n
garçon
A young male human. [from 15th c.]
garçon gars boy
(obsolete) A male of low station, (especially as pejorative) a worthless male, a wretch; a mean and dishonest male, a knave. [14th–17th c.]
boy
(historical, or, offensive) A non-white male servant regardless of age, [from 17th c.] particularly as a form of address.
garçon gars
(informal, especially, with a possessive) A male friend.
garçon boy
A male non-human animal, especially, in affectionate address, a male pet, especially a dog. [from 15th c.]

boy band boy bands n
boys band
(music) A pop group whose members are all (usually attractive) young men.

boy next door boys next door n
garçon d'à côté
A regular, typical boy, as opposed to a superstar.

boy scout boy scouts n
scout
A male member of the Scout Movement.

boy's name boys' names n
nom de fils
A given name to a young male person or boy.

boyar /bəʊˈjɑː/ /ˈbɔɪɑː/ /ˈbəʊjɑː/ boyars n
boyard boïard barine barynia
(historical) A member of a rank of aristocracy (second only to princes) in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Serbia and Romania.

boyau /ˈbwɑːjəʊ/ /ˈbɔɪəʊ/ boyaus boyaux n
boyau
(military) A small trench or ditch, typically built in a zigzag pattern, serving to connect or provide communication between two trenches, particularly the rear and front lines.

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ boycotts n
boycott boycottage
The act of boycotting.

boycott /ˈbɔɪkɑt/ /ˈbɔɪkɒt/ v
boycotter
To abstain, either as an individual or a group, from using, buying, or dealing with someone or some organization as an expression of protest.

boycotter boycotters n
boycotteur boycotteuse
Someone who engages in a boycott

boyfriend /ˈbɔɪfɹənd/ /ˈbɔɪˌfɹɛnd/ boyfriends n
ami copain petit ami chum mec petit copain
A male partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.
ami copain
A male friend.

boyish /ˈbɔɪ.ɪʃ/ more boyish most boyish adj
garçon
Like a stereotypical boy in appearance or demeanor.

boykin /ˈbɔɪkən/ /ˈbɔɪkɪn/ boykins n
garçonnet
(now, _, rare, chiefly, informal, affectionate) A little boy.

boymode n
boymode

boymode v
boymoder

boys will be boys proverb
il faut que jeunesse se passe
It is hard, often fruitless, to attempt to curb the natural playfulness and tendency to mischief of most growing boys.

boysenberry /ˈbɔɪzn̩ˌbɛɹi/ adj
couleur de mûre de Boysen mûre de Boysen
A colour of the purple colour spectrum, based on the same fruit's colour, whose hexadecimal code is #873260, RGB is rgb(135, 50, 96), CMYK is (63%, 29%, 47%) and HSL is hsl(328°, 46%, 36%).

boysenberry /ˈbɔɪzn̩ˌbɛɹi/ boysenberries n
mûre de Boysen
A hybrid berry created from crossing blackberry, red raspberry, and loganberry.

boyshorts n
garçonne shorty
A female undergarment that covers the hips like a pair of shorts.

bra /bɹæ/ /bɹɑː/ bras n
soutien-gorge soutif brassière
An item of clothing, usually underwear worn to support the breasts. [from 1920s]

brace /bɹeɪs/ braces n
toise
(obsolete) A measurement of length, originally representing a person's outstretched arms.
fiche
A piece of material used to transmit, or change the direction of, weight or pressure; any one of the pieces, in a frame or truss, which divide the structure into triangular parts. It may act as a tie, or as a strut, and serves to prevent distortion of the structure, and transverse strains in its members. A boiler brace is a diagonal stay, connecting the head with the shell.
paire couple
(nautical) A rope reeved through a block at the end of a yard, by which the yard is moved horizontally; also, a rudder gudgeon.
doublé
(association football) Two goals scored by one player in a game.

brace /bɹeɪs/ v
retenir
(transitive, intransitive) To prepare for something bad, such as an impact or blow.
brasser
(nautical) To swing round the yards of a square rigged ship, using braces, to present a more efficient sail surface to the direction of the wind.
consolider fortifier
To furnish with braces; to support; to prop.
consolider fortifier retenir
To draw tight; to tighten; to put in a state of tension; to strain; to strengthen.

bracelet /ˈbɹeɪslət/ /ˈbɹeɪslɪt/ bracelets n
bracelet
A band or chain worn around the wrist as jewelry/jewellery or an ornament.
The strap of a wristwatch, used to secure it around the wrist.

braces /ˈbɹeɪsɪz/ n
appareil dentaire appareil appareil orthodontique faux-palais
(orthodontics) A device worn on the teeth to straighten them.

brachial /ˈbreɪkɪəl/ /ˈbrækɪəl/ adj
brachial
Pertaining or belonging to the arm.

brachial plexus brachial plexuses n
plexus brachial

brachialis n
brachial brachial antérieur
(anatomy) A muscle in the upper arm that flexes the elbow joint, in conjunction with the biceps brachii.

brachiation brachiations n
brachiation
(zoology) Movement by swinging the arms from one hold to the next.

brachiator brachiators n
brachiateur

brachiosaur brachiosaurs n
brachiosaure
Any of several massive, herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs, of the genus Brachiosaurus, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.

brachiosaurus brachiosauruses n
brachiosaure
A large herbivorous sauropod dinosaur, Brachiosaurus altithorax, which lived during the Jurassic period.

brachistochrone brachistochrones n
brachistochrone

brachy- prefix
brachy-
short, brief
short, small

brachylogy /bræˈkɪl.ə.d͡ʒi/ brachylogies n
brachylogie
Concise speech; laconism.

brachyology brachyologies n
brachylogie
(in discussions of, _, grammar, especially of Biblical grammar) A figure of speech that is an abbreviated expression, for example, the omission of "good" from "good morning!" (resulting in the abbreviated greeting "morning!").

brachytherapy /ˌbrækiˈθɛrəpi/ brachytherapies n
curiethérapie
Radiotherapy using radioactive sources positioned within (or close to) the treatment volume, typically with radiopharmaceuticals as opposed to external-beam sources.

brachyuran /ˌbɹæk.iˈju.ɹən/ /ˌbɹæk.iˈjʊə.ɹən/ adj
brachyurien
Of or pertaining to crabs.

bracken /ˈbɹækən/ brackens n
ptéridium
(uncountable, countable) Any of several coarse ferns, of the genus Pteridium, that form dense thickets; often poisonous to livestock.

brackish /ˈbɹækɪʃ/ more brackish most brackish adj
saumâtre
(of water) Salty or slightly salty, as a mixture of fresh and sea water, such as that found in estuaries.

brackish water brackish waters n
eau saumâtre
(hydrology) Water whose salinity falls between that of fresh water and that of seawater.

braconid braconids n
braconide
Any of the parasitic wasps of the family Braconidae.

braconniere /ˌbɹækənˈjɛɚ/ braconnieres n
braconnière

bract bracts n
bractée
(botany) A leaf or leaf-like structure from the axil out of which a stalk of a flower or an inflorescence arises.

bradycardia /bɹeɪ.dɪˈkɑɹ.di.ə/ /bɹæ.dɪˈkɑɹ.di.ə/ /bɹæ.dɪˈkɑː(ɹ).di.ə/ bradycardias n
bradycardie
(medicine, cardiology) The condition of having a slow heartbeat, defined as under 60 beats per minute for an adult.

bradyon bradyons n
bradyon
(physics) A tardyon.

brag /bɹæɡ/ brags n
brag
(by ellipsis) The card game three card brag.

brag /bɹæɡ/ v
vanter fanfaronner
(intransitive) To boast; to talk with excessive pride about what one has, is able to do, or has done; often as an attempt to popularize oneself.

braggadocio /bɹaɡaˈdoːt͡ʃo/ /ˌbɹæ.ɡəˈdəʊ.t͡ʃəʊ/ /ˌbɹæɡ.əˈdoʊ.ʃiˌoʊ/ braggadocii braggadocioes braggadocios n
fanfaronnade
Empty boasting.

braggart /ˈbɹæɡɑːt/ /ˈbɹæɡɚt/ braggarts n
hâbleur fanfaron vantard bravache fier-à-bras matamore
Someone who constantly brags or boasts. [from late 16th c.]

bragger braggers n
vantard
A person who brags.

bragging /ˈbɹæɡ.ɪŋ/ braggings n
fanfaronnade
The act of one who brags.

bragging rights n
droit de se vanter
(idiomatic) The prerogative to praise oneself for a skill or accomplishment.

brahmin /ˈbɹɑːmɪn/ brahmins n
brahmane
A learned person of refined taste and mild manners.

braid /bɹeɪd/ braids n
galon
(obsolete) A sudden movement; a jerk, a wrench. [11th–17th c.]
tresse natte
A weave of three or more strands of fibers, ribbons, cords or hair often for decoration. [from 16th c.]
tresse
A stranded wire composed of a number of smaller wires twisted together

braid /bɹeɪd/ v
tresser natter
(transitive) To weave together, intertwine (strands of fibers, ribbons, etc.); to arrange (hair) in braids.
(obsolete) To reproach; to upbraid.

braille /ˈbɹaɪ/ /ˈbɹeɪl/ brailles n
braille Braille
A system of writing in which letters and some combinations of letters are represented by raised dots arranged in three rows of two dots each and are read by the blind and partially sighted using the fingertips.

brain /bɹeɪn/ brains n
cerveau cervelle encéphale
The control center of the central nervous system of an animal located in the skull which is responsible for perception, cognition, attention, memory, emotion, and action.
(plurale tantum) A person who provides the intelligence required for something.
(in the plural) Intellect.
(in the singular) An intellectual or mental capacity.
(slang, vulgar, uncountable) Oral sex.
(informal) Mind.
A loose compartment of a backpack that straps on over the top opening.
cerveau cervelle encéphale processeur
A part of the brain, especially associated with particular mental functions, abilities, etc.
By analogy with a human brain, the part of a machine or computer that performs calculations.
cerveau cervelle encéphale tête
(informal) An intelligent person.

brain cancer brain cancers n
cancer du cerveau
(oncology) Any of various types of cancer associated with brain tumors.

brain cell brain cells n
cellule du cerveau
(cytology) A cell in the brain, such as a neuron or a glial cell.

brain damage brain damages n
lésion cérébrale
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see brain,‎ damage.

brain death n
mort cérébrale
(medicine) An irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

brain drain brain drains n
fuite des cerveaux exode des cerveaux
The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or richer countries.

brain fart brain farts n
trou de mémoire
(figuratively, slang, mildly, _, vulgar) Something ill-considered and said or done impulsively.

brain mushroom brain mushrooms n
fausse morille
A fungus common in Europe and North America and one of several species of fungi known as false morels, especially Gyromitra esculenta.

brain stem brain stems n
tronc cérébral
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) The part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the cerebrum and the rest of the forebrain.

brain surgeon brain surgeons n
neurochirurgien
Someone who does brain surgery.

brain surgery brain surgeries n
neurochirurgie
Surgery on any part of the nervous system, especially the brain; neurosurgery.

brain tumor brain tumors n
tumeur au cerveau tumeur cérébrale
An intracranial growth of abnormal and uncontrolled cell division.

brain-dead /ˈbɹeɪnˌdɛd/ more brain-dead most brain-dead adj
en état de mort cérébrale
(medicine, not comparable) Having an irreversible loss of brain function and cessation of brain activity.

brain-teaser brain-teasers n
casse-tête
A complex riddle or puzzle.

brain-washing brain-washings n
lavage de cerveau
A form of indoctrination that forces people to abandon their beliefs in favour of another set of beliefs by conditioning through various forms of pressure or torture

braincase braincases n
boîte crânienne
The part of the skull that contains the brain; the neurocranium.

brainchild /ˈbɹeɪn.tʃaɪld/ brainchildren n
création
A creation, original idea, or innovation, usually used to indicate the originators

brainiac /ˈbɹeɪniæk/ brainiacs n
grosse tête
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A very intelligent and usually studious, erudite person.

brainless more brainless most brainless adj
sans cervelle
(comparable) Unintelligent, with little common sense.

brains /bɹeɪnz/ n
cervelle
The substance of a brain, as a material or foodstuff.
(informal) The figurative substance of a brain: mental ability, intelligence.

brainstorming brainstormings n
brainstorming remue-méninge
A method of problem solving in which members of a group contribute ideas spontaneously.

brainwash /ˈbɹeɪnwɒʃ/ v
bourrer le crâne décerveler laver le cerveau
(psychology) To affect one's mind by using extreme mental pressure or any other mind-affecting process. (e.g. hypnosis)

braise /bɹeɪz/ v
braiser
(cooking) To cook in a small amount of liquid, in a covered pan, somewhere between steaming and boiling.

brake /bɹeɪk/ brakes n
frein
A device used to slow or stop the motion of a wheel, or of a vehicle, usually by friction (although other resistive forces, such as electromagnetic fields or aerodynamic drag, can also be used); also, the controls or apparatus used to engage such a mechanism such as the pedal in a car. [from 18th c.]
(engineering) An apparatus for testing the power of a steam engine or other motor by weighing the amount of friction that the motor will overcome; a friction brake.
(figuratively) Something used to retard or stop some action, process etc.
broie brisoir
(textiles) A tool used for breaking flax or hemp. [from 15th c.]
cintreuse plieuse
A type of machine for bending sheet metal. (See wikipedia.)
bringuebale
(chiefly, _, nautical) The handle of a pump.

brake /bɹeɪk/ v
freiner
(intransitive) To operate (a) brake(s).
(intransitive) To be stopped or slowed (as if) by braking.
macquer
(transitive) To bruise and crush; to knead

brake assembly brake assemblies n
pièces de driction
The collective replacement parts used to repair an automobile's worn down brakes.

brake disc brake discs n
disque de frein

brake fluid brake fluids n
liquide de frein
A special fluid for operating hydraulic brakes and clutches, which are linked by pipe to a master cylinder.

brake pad brake pads n
patin patin de freins plaquette de frein
A friction element in a disc brake.

brake pedal brake pedals n
pédale de frein
the pedal in a vehicle, usually a car, which operates the brakes

braking /ˈbɹeɪkɪŋ/ brakings n
freinage
The act of applying brakes.

braking distance braking distances n
distance de freinage
The distance travelled by a vehicle between the time that the brakes are applied and the vehicle coming to rest

brambling bramblings n
pinson du Nord pinson du nord
A finch, Fringilla montifringilla of northern Eurasia, the male having a black head in summer and an orange breast with white belly and a long white rump.

bran /ˈbɹæn/ brans n
son
The broken coat of the seed of wheat, rye, or other cereal grain, separated from the flour or meal by sifting or bolting; the coarse, chaffy part of ground grain.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːntʃ/ /bɹɑːnʃ/ branches n
branche rameau
The woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and usually dividing.
branche
Any of the parts of something that divides like the branch of a tree.
A line of family descent, in distinction from some other line or lines from the same stock; any descendant in such a line.
An area in business or of knowledge, research.
affluent
(chiefly, Southern US) A creek or stream which flows into a larger river.
succursale filiale
A location of an organization with several locations.
branchement conditionnel
(computing) A sequence of code that is conditionally executed.

branch /bɹænt͡ʃ/ /bɹɑːntʃ/ /bɹɑːnʃ/ v
brancher
(intransitive, computing) To jump to a different location in a program, especially as the result of a conditional statement.

branch line branch lines n
embranchement
(railroads) A non-through line which joins a mainline (or another branch or secondary line) and ends at a terminus.

branch off v
bifurquer fourcher
(idiomatic, intransitive, of a path or route) To diverge into two or more separate paths.

branchial /ˈbɹæŋ.ki.əl/ adj
branchial
Of, pertaining to, or resembling gills; of or pertaining to the embryonic branchial arches and clefts from which the gills arise.

branchy branchier branchiest more branchy most branchy adj
branchu
Having many branches.

brand /bɹænd/ brands n
tison
(archaic, or, poetic) A piece of burning wood or peat, or a glowing cinder.
marque
A mark or scar made by burning with a hot iron, especially to mark cattle or to classify the contents of a cask.
The symbolic identity, represented by a name and/or a logo, which indicates a certain product or service to the public.
A specific product, service, or provider so distinguished.
style
(by extension) Any specific type or variety of something; a distinct style or manner.

brand /bɹænd/ v
flétrir
(transitive) To burn the flesh with a hot iron, either as a marker (for criminals, slaves etc.) or to cauterise a wound.
marquer
(transitive) To mark (especially cattle) with a brand as proof of ownership.
graver
(transitive) To make an indelible impression on the memory or senses.
cataloguer flétrir
(transitive) To stigmatize, label (someone).

brand loyalty n
fidélité à la marque
The positive feelings towards a brand and dedication to purchase the same product or service repeatedly, regardless of deficiencies, a competitor's actions, or changes in the environment.

brand new /ˈbɹæn.n(j)uː/ /ˈbɹænd ˌn(j)uː/ adj
flambant neuf
Utterly new, as new as possible.

brandade brandades n
brandade
A puree of salted cod, olive oil, and milk.

branding iron branding irons n
fer à marquer
A piece of metal bent into a distinctive shape, heated and used to brand livestock.

brandish /ˈbɹændɪʃ/ v
brandir
(transitive) To move or swing a weapon back and forth, particularly if demonstrating anger, threat or skill.

brandy /ˈbɹændi/ brandies n
eau-de-vie brandy cognac
(uncountable) An alcoholic liquor distilled from wine or fermented fruit juice.

brane /bɹeɪn/ branes n
brane
(physics) A hypothetical object extending across a number of (often specified) spatial dimensions, with strings in string theory seen as one-dimensional examples.

brant /bɹænt/ brant brants n
bernarche
(North American) Any of several wild geese, of the genus Branta, that breed in the Arctic, but especially the brent goose, Branta bernicla.

bras d'honneur /ˌbɹɑ dɑˈnɝ/ /ˌbɹɑː dɒˈnɜː/ bras d'honneur n
bras d'honneur
An obscene gesture in which an arm is bent into an L-shape, with the closed palm pointing upwards, while the other hand then grips the biceps of the bent arm, and the bent forearm is then raised vertically; it conveys the sense of “up yours!”.

brash /bɹæʃ/ brasher brashest more brash most brash adj
agressif culotté gonflé irréfléchi
m'as-tu-vu suffisant
(of people or behaviour) Overly bold or self-assertive to the point of being insensitive, tactless or impudent; shameless.
criard
(of things) Bold, bright or showy, often in a tasteless way.

brashness brashnesses n
culot toupet
The characteristic of being brash.

brass /bɹæs/ /bɹɑːs/ more brass most brass adj
couleur de laiton
Of the colour of brass.

brass /bɹæs/ /bɹɑːs/ brasses n
laiton
(countable, uncountable) A metallic alloy of copper and zinc used in many industrial and plumbing applications.
cuivres en laiton
(music) A class of wind instruments, usually made of metal (such as brass), that use vibrations of the player's lips to produce sound; the section of an orchestra that features such instruments
douille
Spent shell casings (usually made of brass); the part of the cartridge left over after bullets have been fired.
galonnés
(military, business, or, other organizations, uncountable, used as a singular or plural noun, metonym) High-ranking officers.

brass band brass bands n
fanfare
(music) A group of musicians who play brass instruments (sometimes accompanied by percussion)

brass instrument brass instruments n
cuivre
Any musical instrument whose tone is produced by vibration of the lips as the player blows into a mouthpiece (or tubular resonator).

brass knuckles n
poing américain
A weapon consisting of a metal reinforcement for the clenched fist, with finger holes molded in.

brasserie brasseries n
brasserie
A small, informal restaurant that serves beer and wine as well as simple food.

brassic /ˈbɹæsɪk/ adj
brassique
Of or relating to brassicas.

brassica /ˈbɹæs.ɪ.kə/ brassicae brassicas n
brassique
Any of many plants of the genus Brassica, including cabbage, mustard and rapes

brat /bɹat/ /bɹæt/ brats n
garnement morveux mal élevé mal élevée morveuse peste
(pejorative) A child who is regarded as mischievous, unruly, spoiled, or selfish.

bratwurst bratwursts n
crépinette
A small pork sausage, usually served fried.

bravado /brəˈvɑːdoʊ/ /bɹɑːˈvɑːdoʊ/ bravadoes bravados n
bravade
A swaggering show of defiance or courage.

brave /bɹeɪv/ braver bravest adj
courageux
Strong in the face of fear; courageous.

brave new world brave new worlds n
meilleur des mondes
A better, often utopian (future) world.

bravely /ˈbɹeɪvli/ bravelier braveliest more bravely most bravely adv
bravement
In a brave manner.

bravery /ˈbɹeɪv.ə.ɹi/ /ˈbɹeɪv.ɹi/ braveries n
courage
(usually, uncountable) Being brave, courageousness.

bravo /bɹɑˈvoʊ/ /bɹɑːˈvəʊ/ /ˈbɹɑvoʊ/ /ˈbɹɑːvəʊ/ interjection
bravo
Used to express acclaim, especially to a performer.

brawl /bɹɑl/ /bɹɔl/ /bɹɔːl/ brawls n
bagarre rixe baston
A disorderly argument or fight, usually with a large number of people involved.

brawl /bɹɑl/ /bɹɔl/ /bɹɔːl/ v
se bagarrer
(intransitive) To engage in a brawl; to fight or quarrel.

brawler brawlers n
bagarreur
One who brawls, engages in noisy, unseemly fights.

brawn /bɹɔːn/ n
muscle
Strong muscles or lean flesh, especially of the arm, leg or thumb.
Physical strength; muscularity.
fromage de tête hure tête fromagée tête marbrée tête pressée
(chiefly, British) Head cheese; a terrine made from the head of a pig or calf; originally boar's meat.

brawny /ˈbɹɔːni/ brawnier brawniest adj
balaise balèze
Characterized by brawn; muscular, thewy; strong.

bray /bɹeɪ/ brays n
braiment
The cry of an animal, now chiefly that of animals related to the ass or donkey, or the camel.

bray /bɹeɪ/ v
braire
(intransitive) Of an animal (now chiefly of animals related to the ass or donkey, and the camel): to make its cry.

braze /bɹeɪz/ v
braser
To join two metal pieces, without melting them, using heat and diffusion of a jointing alloy of capillary thickness.

brazen /ˈbɹeɪzən/ more brazen most brazen adj
cuivreux
(archaic) Pertaining to, made of, or resembling brass (in color or strength).
aigu
Sounding harsh and loud, like brass cymbals or brass instruments.
dur comme de la pierre impénétrable
(archaic) Extremely strong; impenetrable; resolute.
éhonté brutal grossier
Shamelessly shocking and offensive; audacious; impudent; barefaced; immodest, unblushing. [from 1570s.]

brazen bull brazen bulls n
taureau d'airain taureau de Phalaris
An ancient torture device, supposed to have been devised by Perillos of Athens, consisting of a hollow bull fashioned from brass in which victims were imprisoned and burned to death.

brazen-faced /ˈbɹeɪ.zənˌfeɪst/ more brazen-faced most brazen-faced adj
impudent
Impudent; open and without shame.

brazenly more brazenly most brazenly adv
effrontément
In a brazen (shamelessly shocking and offensive) manner.

brazier /ˈbɹeɪ.zjə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹeɪ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈbɹeɪʒəɹ/ braziers n
brasier braséro mangal
An upright standing or hanging metal bowl used for holding burning coal for a source of light or heat.

brazil nut brazil nuts n
noyer du Brésil
Bertholletia excelsa, a tree native to tropical South America.
noyer du Brésil noix du Brésil
The nut produced by this tree.

brazilwood brazilwoods n
bois-brésil pernambouc
A Brazilian timber tree (Paubrasilia echinata, syn. Caesalpinia echinata), used primarily to make bows for string instruments.

breach /bɹiːtʃ/ breaches n
brèche
A gap or opening made by breaking or battering, as in a wall, fortification or levee / embankment; the space between the parts of a solid body rent by violence
infraction violation
(legal) A breaking or infraction of a law, or of any obligation or tie; violation; non-fulfillment.
brouille
A breaking up of amicable relations, a falling out.

breach of contract breaches of contract n
rupture de contrat inexécution contractuelle
(legal) A failure to meet an obligation under the terms of a contract.

breach of promise breaches of promise n
violation de promesse de mariage
(legal) A tort in common law arising when a man withdraws an earlier promise to marry a woman; abolished in many jurisdictions.

breach of trust breaches of trust n
abus de confiance

bread /bɹɛd/ breads n
pain
A foodstuff made by baking dough made from cereals.
Food; sustenance; support of life, in general.
(countable) Any variety of bread.
blé fric
(slang, US, or, Cockney) Money.

bread /bɹɛd/ v
paner
(transitive) To coat with breadcrumbs.

bread and circuses /-iz/ /-kɪ.səz/ /ˈbɹɛd ənd ˈsəː.kəs.əz/ /ˈbɹɛd ənd ˈsɚ.kə.səz/ n
du pain et des jeux
(idiomatic) Food and entertainment provided by the state, particularly if intended to placate the people.

bread knife bread knives n
couteau à pain
A knife, with a serrated edge, designed to cut bread; sometimes slots into a breadboard.

bread maker bread makers n
robot boulanger machine à pain
A household appliance which makes bread or dough from raw ingredients.

bread roll bread rolls n
petit pain
A miniature round loaf of bread, often accompanying a meal.

bread-and-butter letter bread-and-butter letters n
lettre de château
A short, hand-written communication to thank someone who has recently provided the writer with hospitality, usually dinner or an overnight visit.

breadbox /ˈbɹɛd.bɑks/ /ˈbɹɛd.bɒks/ breadboxes n
panetière
a container for storing bread or other baked goods to keep them fresh

breadcrumb /ˈbɹɛdˌkrʌm/ breadcrumbs n
miette panure miette de pain
(chiefly, in the plural) A tiny piece of bread, either one that falls from bread as it is cut or eaten, or one made deliberately by crumbling bread.
fil d'Ariane
(GUI, chiefly, in the plural) A single link in a chain indicating the hierarchical location of a directory, web page or similar, used as a navigation aid.
(figuratively, in the plural) One in a series of clues leading to a person or place.

breadfruit /ˈbɹɛdfɹuːt/ breadfruit breadfruits n
arbre à pain artocarpe artocarpus
An evergreen tree, Artocarpus altilis, native to islands of the east Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean.
fruit à pain
The large round fruit of this tree.

breadstick breadsticks n
gressin grissini
A long, very slender loaf of crisp bread smaller than a baguette; for example, grissini from Italy and rosquilletas from Spain.

breadwinner /ˈbɹɛdˌwɪnɚ/ breadwinners n
soutien de famille gagne-pain pain
The primary income-earner in a household.

break /bɹeɪk/ /bɹiːk/ [bɹ(ʷ)eɪ̯k] breaks n
casse
An instance of breaking something into two or more pieces.
espace ouverture
A physical space that opens up in something or between two things.
pause
A rest or pause, usually from work.
A temporary split with a romantic partner.
entracte
An interval or intermission between two parts of a performance, for example a theatre show, broadcast, or sports game.
aube
The beginning (of the morning).
évasion
An act of escaping.
changement
(British, weather) A change, particularly the end of a spell of persistent good or bad weather.

break /bɹeɪk/ /bɹiːk/ [bɹ(ʷ)eɪ̯k] v
muer
diviser
(transitive) To divide (something, often money) into smaller units.
briser
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to lose spirit or will; to crush the spirits of.
(transitive) To cause (a barrier) to no longer bar.
débourrer
To turn an animal into a beast of burden.
bourriner
(transitive, gaming, _, slang) To render (a game) unchallenging by altering its rules or exploiting loopholes or weaknesses in them in a way that gives a player an unfair advantage.
casser se casser mettre en panne tomber en panne
(transitive, intransitive) To stop, or to cause to stop, functioning properly or altogether.
faire une pause
(intransitive) To interrupt or cease one's work or occupation temporarily; to go on break.
publier révéler
(transitive, ergative) To disclose or make known an item of news, a band, etc.
casser contre-attaquer riposter
(transitive, with for) To (attempt to) disengage and flee to; to make a run for.
casser briser rompre se briser se casser fracturer
(intransitive, of a voice) To alter in type due to emotion or strain: in men, generally to go up, in women, sometimes to go down; to crack.
battre outrepasser
(transitive) To surpass or do better than (a specific number); to do better than (a record), setting a new record.
dégrader
(transitive, military, most often in the, _, passive tense) To demote; to reduce the military rank of.
déconnecter rompre
(transitive) To end (a connection); to disconnect.

break a lance v
rompre une lance
(intransitive) to take a stand, to contend [+ for (to the benefit of)] [+ in favour of (to the benefit of)] [+ against (in opposition to)] [+ with (in opposition to)]

break a leg interjection
bonne merde je te dis merde ! merde !
(idiomatic) Said to someone wishing they perform well in a theatrical production or comparable endeavor.

break a sweat v
commencer à transpirer se mettre à transpirer
To start sweating.
broncher sourciller
(idiomatic) To put effort into something.

break bad /bɹeɪk bæd/ /bɹæɪ̯k bæːd/ v
mal tourner
(colloquial, especially, Southern US, and, Midwest US, of a person) To go bad; to turn toward immorality or crime.

break bread v
rompre le pain
To eat a meal, especially to eat a shared meal with friends.
(Christianity) To take part in Holy Communion.

break camp v
décamper lever le camp
To pack up a campsite and move on.

break down v
tomber en panne
(intransitive) To stop functioning. (machine, computer, vehicle)
(intransitive) To cease to function. (others)
tomber en panne craquer
(ergative, figuratively) To render or to become unstable due to stress, to collapse physically or mentally.
se décomposer
(ergative) To (cause to) decay, to decompose.
analyser décomposer
(ergative, figuratively) To divide into parts to give more details, to provide a more indepth analysis of.

break even v
rentrer dans ses frais
(idiomatic) To neither gain nor lose money.
ne pas changer d'un iota
(idiomatic) To stay the same; to neither advance nor regress.

break in v
pénétrer par effraction fracturer
(intransitive) To enter a place by force or illicit means.
casser roder se faire
(transitive, idiomatic) To cause (something, or someone, new) to function more naturally through use or wear
mater
(transitive, of a horse) To tame; make obedient; to train to follow orders of the owner.

break new ground v
ouvrir de nouvelles voies
(by extension) To initiate a new venture, especially something never before attempted; to advance or innovate.

break off v
interrompre
(intransitive) To end abruptly, either temporarily or permanently.

break on the wheel v
rouer
(transitive) To fasten (a criminal etc.) to a wheel and break his limbs or beat him to death.

break one's fast v
déjeuner prendre le petit déjeuner rompre le jeûne
(dated) To eat breakfast; to eat the first meal of the day after a night of not eating or to conclude any period of fasting by consuming food.

break one's word v
manquer à sa parole

break out v
s’évader échapper
(intransitive) To escape, especially forcefully or defiantly. Notionally, to escape by breaking.
montrer
(transitive, idiomatic) To bring out from storage, use, or present.
isoler
(transitive) To separate (something) from a bundle.
briser
(transitive) To take or force out by breaking.
survenir
(intransitive) To begin suddenly; to emerge in a certain condition.

break point break points n
balle de break
(tennis) A situation in which if the receiver wins the next point, (s)he will win the game (but not the set or match).

break ranks v
rompre les rangs
(military) To march or charge out of the designated order in a military unit.
se désolidariser
(idiomatic) To publicly disagree with one's own group or organization.

break someone's heart v
briser le cœur
(idiomatic) To cause a person to feel grief, disappointment or sadness.

break the Internet v
briser l'Internet
(chiefly, US, idiomatic, colloquial, literally) To cause a connection to the Internet, or the Internet itself, to malfunction.

break the Sabbath v
profaner le sabbat violer le sabbat
(idiomatic) To violate (the holiness or sanctity of) the Sabbath (by not keeping it holy).

break the bank v
faire sauter la banque
(intransitive) At a casino etc., to win all the money that is available to be paid.
casser sa tirelire
(intransitive, idiomatic) To exhaust one's financial resources.

break the deadlock v
ouvrir la marque
(idiomatic, sports) To score the first goal or point in a competition.

break the fourth wall v
briser le quatrième mur
(idiomatic, fiction) To apparently communicate with reality directly, such as when characters of literature comment on the existence of a reader.

break the ice /ˈbɹeɪk ði ˈaɪs/ v
briser la glace
(idiomatic) To start to get to know people to avoid social awkwardness and formality.

break through v
percer
(intransitive) To gain popularity.

break up v
couper rompre se briser se casser se rompre
(intransitive) To break or separate into pieces; to disintegrate or come apart.
cesser
(intransitive, idiomatic) To dissolve; to part.
rompre casser s'interrompre
(intransitive, telecommunications) Of a conversation, to cease to be understandable because of a bad connection; of a signal, to deteriorate.
mettre fin mettre un terme
(transitive, idiomatic) To stop a fight; to separate people who are fighting.
se disperser
(intransitive, idiomatic, figuratively) To become disorganised.

break water v
perdre les eaux
To lose one's amniotic fluid a.k.a. water, usually during the last phases of pregnancy.

break wind v
en lâcher un loufer lâcher lâcher une perle péter
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To expel gases generated during digestion, especially through the anus; to fart or flatulate.

break-even point break-even points n
seuil de rentabilité
(business, management) The point where total costs equal total revenue and the organization neither makes a profit nor suffers a loss.

break-in break-ins n
effraction
The act of entering a place with the intent to steal or commit some other offense; an instance of breaking and entering.

breakable /ˈbɹeɪkəbl/ more breakable most breakable adj
frangible
Able to break or be broken.

breakaway adj
dissident sécessioniste séparatiste
Having broken away from a larger unit.

breakaway breakaways n
échappée
(ice hockey) A situation in the game where one or more players of a team attack towards the goal of the other team without having any defenders in front of them.
A swing dance in which the leader occasionally swings the follower out into an open position.

breakdance breakdances n
breakdance
The art, or an instance, of breakdancing.

breakdancing n
breakdance
(dance) An urban style of acrobatic street dance that originated in the hip hop culture of New York City in the late 20th century.

breakdown /ˈbɹeɪkdaʊn/ breakdowns n
panne
A failure, particularly mechanical in nature.
crise de nerfs crise nerveuse
A physical collapse or lapse of mental stability.
détail
Listing, division or categorization in great detail.
dégradation
(chemistry) Breaking of chemical bonds within a compound to produce simpler compounds or elements.

breaker /ˈbɹeɪkə/ /ˈbɹeɪkɚ/ breakers n
casseur
Something that breaks.
concasseuse
A machine for breaking rocks, or for breaking coal at the mines.
brisant lame
(chiefly, in the plural) A wave breaking into foam against the shore, or against a sandbank, or a rock or reef near the surface, considered a useful warning to ships of an underwater hazard

breakfast /ˈbreɪkˌfɑːst/ /ˈbɹeɪkˌfæst/ /ˈbɹɛkfəst/ breakfasts n
petit déjeuner déjeuner
The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.

breakfast /ˈbreɪkˌfɑːst/ /ˈbɹeɪkˌfæst/ /ˈbɹɛkfəst/ v
prendre le petit-déjeuner déjeuner
(intransitive) To eat the morning meal.

breakfast bar breakfast bars n
bar de cuisine
A raised counter in a domestic kitchen at which light meals may be eaten, often seated on high stools.

breakfast cereal breakfast cereals n
céréale céréale de petit déjeuner céréales
A food made from processed grains, such as maize, oats, wheat or rice, usually eaten for breakfast with milk and sometimes sugar.

breakfast poutine n
poutine déjeuner

breaking and entering n
entrée par effraction introduction par effraction
(legal) The crime of gaining unauthorized entry into another's property, usually by breaking part of a building (a lock, door, window, etc.)

breaking news n
édition spéciale nouvelle de dernière heure nouvelle de dernière minute
News that has either just happened or is currently happening.

breakpoint breakpoints n
point d'arrêt
(programming) A point in a program at which operation may be interrupted during debugging so that the state of the program at that point can be investigated.

breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ adj
capital décisif primordial
Characterized by major progress or overcoming some obstacle.

breakthrough /ˈbɹeɪk.θɹuː/ breakthroughs n
percée trouée
(military) An advance through and past enemy lines.
(sports) The penetration of the opposition's defence.
percée avancée
Any major progress; such as a great innovation or discovery that overcomes a significant obstacle.

breakup /ˈbɹeɪk.ʌp/ breakups n
rupture
The termination of a friendship or a romantic relationship.
dégel
(Alaska and northern Canada, seasons, time) The time of year during which winter ice covering bodies of water disintegrates; more generally, spring.

breakwater /ˈbɹeɪkˌwɔːtə/ breakwaters n
brise-lames jetée môle
A construction in or around a harbour designed to break the force of the sea and to provide shelter for vessels lying inside.
brise-lames digue
(on beaches) A wooden or concrete barrier, usually perpendicular to the shore, intended to prevent the movement of sand along a coast.

bream /bɹim/ /bɹiːm/ /bɹɛm/ /bɹɪm/ bream breams n
brème
A European fresh-water cyprinoid fish of the genus Abramis, little valued as food. Several species are known.
An American fresh-water fish, of various species of Lepomis and allied genera, which are also called sunfishes and pondfishes.
brème brème commune
(British) A species in that genus, Abramis brama.
brème pageot
A marine sparoid fish of the genus Pagellus, and allied genera.

breast /bɹɛst/ breasts n
sein poitrine
(anatomy) Either of the two organs on the front of a female human's chest, which contain the mammary glands; also the analogous organs in males.
poitrine sein
(anatomy) The chest, or front of the human thorax.
poitrine cœur
The figurative seat of the emotions, feelings etc.; one's heart or innermost thoughts.
poitrine poitrail
The ventral portion of an animal's thorax.
blanc poitrine cœur
A choice cut of poultry, especially chicken or turkey, taken from the bird’s breast; also a cut of meat from other animals, breast of mutton, veal, pork.

breast augmentation breast augmentations n
augmentation mammaire
(surgery) A cosmetic procedure to increase the size of a breast (the organ on the front of the chest).

breast cancer breast cancers n
cancer du sein
(oncology) Cancer of the breast.

breast implant breast implants n
implant mammaire
(surgery) A medical prosthesis used to augment, reconstruct, or create the physical form of breasts (the organs on the front of the [typically female] chest).

breast ironing n
repassage des seins
The pounding and massaging of a pubescent girl's breasts, using hard or heated objects, to try to make them stop developing or disappear, typically aiming to prevent the girl from attracting sexual interest, and mostly carried out in Cameroon.

breast milk breast milks n
lait maternel
Milk produced by human mammary glands.

breast pump breast pumps n
tire-lait
A device used by a lactating woman to extract milk from her breasts (typically for short-term storage).

breastbone breastbones n
sternum
(anatomy) The central narrow bone in the front of the chest, connecting the collarbone and the top ribs.

breastfeed /ˈbɹɛs(t)fiːd/ v
allaiter donner la tétée donner le sein
(transitive, intransitive) To feed (a baby) milk via the breasts; to suckle; to nurse.

breastfeeding /ˈbɹɛstˌfidɪŋ/ breastfeedings n
allaitement
(countable) An instance (session) of such feeding activity.

breastplate breastplates n
cuirasse plastron poitrail
A piece of armor that covers the chest.
poitrail
A piece of horse tack designed to prevent the saddle slipping backwards.

breaststroke breaststrokes n
brasse
A swimming stroke in which the swimmer lies face down, the arms being swept forward, outward and back under the water and the legs are kicked like a frog's

breastwork breastworks n
épaulement
A fortification consisting of a breast-high bulwark; a parapet.

breath /bɹɛθ/ breaths n
respiration souffle
(countable) A single act of breathing in or out; a breathing of air.
souffle haleine
(uncountable) Air expelled from the lungs.

breath of fresh air breaths of fresh air n
bouffée d'oxygène
(idiomatic) Something relieving, refreshing, or new.

breath test breath tests n
contrôle de l'alcoolémie contrôle d'alcoolémie
An official test to determine if someone has taken alcohol or drugs by testing a sample of their exhaled breath.

breathable more breathable most breathable adj
respirable
(of air) suitable for breathing

breathalyzer breathalyzers n
alcootest éthylomètre éthylotest
A device that measures alcohol in expired air so as to estimate the concentration of alcohol in a person's blood; used by traffic police in cases of suspected driving while under the influence of alcohol.

breathe /bɹið/ /bɹiːð/ v
respirer inspirer expirer
(intransitive) To draw air into (inhale), and expel air from (exhale), the lungs in order to extract oxygen and excrete waste gases.
respirer
(intransitive) To take in needed gases and expel waste gases in a similar way.
reprendre son souffle
(intransitive, now, rare) To rest; to stop and catch one's breath.

breathe a word v
ne souffler mot

breathe down someone's neck v
fliquer être sur le dos de quelqu'un
(idiomatic) To follow or supervise someone too closely, causing discomfort for that person.

breathe easy v
se calmer souffler
(idiomatic) To relax or feel secure about something.

breathe in v
inhaler inspirer
(ambitransitive) To inhale.

breather /bɹiː.ðə(ɹ)/ breathers n
pause
A short break; a rest or respite.

breathing /ˈbɹiðɪŋ/ /ˈbɹiːðɪŋ/ breathings n
respiration
(uncountable) The act of respiration; (countable) a single instance of this.

breathlessness breathlessnesses n
essoufflement halètement
The state of being breathless or out of breath.

breathtaking /ˈbɹɛθˌteɪ.kɪŋ/ more breathtaking most breathtaking adj
à couper le souffle époustouflant
stunningly beautiful; amazing
époustouflant
(by extension) Very surprising or shocking; to such a degree as to cause astonishment.

breccia /ˈbɹɛt͡ʃ.(i.)ə/ /ˈbɹɛt͡ʃ.(ɪ.)ə/ /ˈbɹɛʃ.i.ə/ breccias n
brèche
(petrology) A rock composed of angular fragments in a matrix that may be of a similar or a different material.

breech /bɹiːt͡ʃ/ breeches n
culotte
(historical, now only, _, in the plural, or, attributive) A garment whose purpose is to cover or clothe the buttocks. [from 11th c.]
culasse
(firearms) The part of a cannon or other firearm behind the chamber. [from 16th c.]

breech birth breech births n
présentation du siège présentation podalique
A birth in which the baby comes through the birth canal posterior (buttocks), feet, or knees first, instead of the more usual position of headfirst.

breeches /ˈbɹiː.t͡ʃɪz/ /ˈbɹɪ.t͡ʃɪz/ n
culotte haut-de-chausses
A garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs; smallclothes.

breed /bɹiːd/ breeds n
race
A race or lineage; offspring or issue.

breed /bɹiːd/ v
se reproduire
se reproduire engendrer
To produce offspring sexually; to bear young.
élever
To take care of in infancy and through childhood; to bring up.

breeder /ˈbɹiːdɚ/ breeders n
éleveur éleveuse
A person who breeds plants or animals (professionally).

breeding /ˈbɹiːdɪŋ/ breedings n
élevage
Propagation of offspring through sexual reproduction.
insémination
The act of insemination by natural or artificial means.
copulation
The act of copulation in animals.

breeding-ground breeding-grounds n
frayère
A place or region where animals go to breed.
pépinière vivier
(figuratively) A place or institution seen as creating large numbers of a stated thing, type of person, etc.

breeze /bɹiːz/ breezes n
brise
A light, gentle wind.
gâteau
(figurative) Any activity that is easy, not testing or difficult.

breeze-block breeze-blocks n
bloc de béton parpaing
(British) A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.

breezy /ˈbɹiːzi/ breezier breeziest adj
aéré
With a breeze blowing, with a lively wind, pleasantly windy.

brent goose brent geese n
bernache cravant
(British) A small member of the goose family (Anatidae), Branta bernicla.

brethren /ˈbɹɛðɹən/ n
confrères confrérie frères
(figuratively) The body of members, especially of a fraternal, religious or military order.

breve /bɹiːv/ /bɹɛv/ breves n
carrée
(music) A double whole note; a note twice as long as a semibreve.

breviary /ˈbɹiː.və.ɹi/ /ˈbɹiː.vɪ.əɹ.i/ /ˈbɹɛv.i.ɛɹ.i/ /ˈbɹɛv.ɪ.əɹ.i/ breviaries n
bréviaire
A book containing prayers, hymns, and so on for everyday use at the canonical hours.

brevier n
gaillarde petit-texte

brevity /ˈbɹɛvəti/ brevities n
brièveté concision
(uncountable) The quality of being brief in duration.
concision laconisme
(uncountable) Succinctness; conciseness.

brevity is the soul of wit proverb
la brièveté est l’âme de l’esprit
Conciseness of expression is an essential characteristic of astute, perceptive, or witty remarks.

brew /bɹuʊ̯/ /bɹuː/ /bɹɪʊ̯/ [bɹʉw] brews n
breuvage
The mixture formed by brewing; that which is brewed; a brewage, such as tea or beer.

brew /bɹuʊ̯/ /bɹuː/ /bɹɪʊ̯/ [bɹʉw] v
infuser
(transitive, intransitive) To make tea or coffee by mixing tea leaves or coffee beans with hot water.
brasser
(intransitive) To attend to the business, or go through the processes, of brewing or making beer.

brewer /ˈbɹuː.ə(ɹ)/ brewers n
brasseur brasseuse
Someone who brews, or whose occupation is to prepare malt liquors.

brewery /ˈbɹuːəɹi/ breweries n
brasserie
A building where beer is produced.
A company that brews beer.

brewing /ˈbɹuːɪŋ/ brewings n
brassage
The production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer, by fermentation; the process of being brewed.

brewmaster brewmasters n
maître brasseur
A person in charge of beer production at a brewery

briar /bɹaɪə/ /ˈbɹaɪɚ/ briars n
bruyère
White heath (Erica arborea), a thorny Mediterranean shrub.

briard briards n
berger de Brie
A sturdy, rough-coated dog of an ancient French breed.

bribe /bɹaɪb/ bribes n
pot-de-vin dessous-de-table
Something (usually money) given in exchange for influence or as an inducement to breaking the law.

bribe /bɹaɪb/ v
corrompre soudoyer pot-de-vin verser
(transitive) To give a bribe to; specifically, to ask a person to do something against his/her original will, in exchange for some type of reward or relief from potential trouble.
(transitive) To gain by a bribe; to induce as by a bribe.

bribery /ˈbɹaɪbəɹi/ briberies n
corruption
the making of illegal payment, or bribes, to persons in official positions as a means of influencing their decisions

bribetaker bribetakers n
concussionnaire
A person who takes bribes

bric-a-brac /ˈbɹɪkəbɹæk/ /ˈbɹɪkəˌbɹæk/ bric-a-bracs n
bric-à-brac
Small ornaments and other miscellaneous display items of little value.

brick /bɹɪk/ adj
en brique
(colloquial, AAVE, New York, of weather) Extremely cold.

brick /bɹɪk/ bricks n
brique
(countable) A hardened rectangular block of mud, clay etc., used for building.
(uncountable) Such hardened mud, clay, etc. considered collectively, as a building material.
soutien
(slang, dated) A helpful and reliable person.
rouge brique
The colour brick red.

brick /bɹɪk/ v
bricker briquer
(intransitive, computing, _, slang, of an electronic device) To become nonfunctional, especially in a way beyond repair.
(intransitive, slang) To blunder; to screw up.

brick house brick houses n
maison de briques
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A house or type of construction made of bricks or blocks of masonry.

brick red adj
rouge brique
Of a warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.

brick red brick reds n
rouge brique
A warm brownish-red colour similar to that of red clay bricks.

bricklayer bricklayers n
maçon
A craftsman who builds walls and suchlike out of bricks.

brickyard brickyards n
briqueterie
A place where bricks are, or once were, produced or distributed.

bride /bɹaɪd/ brides n
mariée jeune mariée
A woman in the context of her own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bride price bride prices n
prix de la fiancée
A sum of money or other valuables paid by a bridegroom or on his behalf to the family of the bride, in some cultures.

bridegroom /ˈbɹaɪdˌɡɹuːm/ bridegrooms n
marié jeune marié futur marié futur époux époux
A man in the context of his own wedding; one who is going to marry or has just been married.

bridesmaid /ˈbɹaɪdzˌmeɪd/ bridesmaids n
demoiselle d'honneur
A woman who attends a bride during her wedding ceremony, as part of the main wedding party.

bridge /bɹɪd͡ʒ/ bridges n
pont
A construction or natural feature that spans a divide.
(anatomy) The upper bony ridge of the human nose.
(computing) A device which connects two or more computer buses, typically in a transparent manner.
(graph theory) An edge which, if removed, changes a connected graph to one that is not connected.
pont bridge
(dentistry) A prosthesis replacing one or several adjacent teeth.
bridge
(card games) A card game played with four players playing as two teams of two players each.
chevalet pont
(music, lutherie) The piece, on string instruments, that supports the strings from the sounding board.
passerelle pont
(nautical) An elevated platform above the upper deck of a mechanically propelled ship from which it is navigated and from which all activities on deck can be seen and controlled by the captain, etc; smaller ships have a wheelhouse, and sailing ships were controlled from a quarterdeck.

bridge /bɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
fondre
(music) To transition from one piece or section of music to another without stopping.
relier
(computing, communication) To connect two or more computer buses, networks etc. with a bridge.

bridge the gap v
faire la soudure
(idiomatic) To serve as or create a connection between two disconnected or disparate things.

bridgeable more bridgeable most bridgeable adj
où un pont est possible
Able to be spanned by, or as if by, a bridge.
remédiable surmontable
(figurative) Possible to reconcile.

bridgehead /ˈbɹɪd͡ʒhɛd/ bridgeheads n
tête de pont
(military) A fortification around the end of a bridge.
(military) An area of ground on the enemy's side of a river or other obstacle, especially one that needs to be taken and defended in order to secure an advance.

bridgetender bridgetenders n
pontier
someone who maintains and/or operates a bridge

bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ bridles n
bride
(equestrian) The headgear with which a horse is directed and which carries a bit and reins.

bridle /ˈbɹaɪdəl/ v
brider
(transitive) To put a bridle on.
brider refréner
(transitive) To check, restrain, or control with, or as if with, a bridle; as in bridle your tongue.
réagir de manière piquée être susceptible
(intransitive) To show hostility or resentment.

bridled tern bridled terns n
Sterne bridée
Onychoprion anaethetus, is a seabird of the family Laridae.

bridled titmouse bridled titmice bridled titmouses n
mésange arlequin
Baeolophus wollweberi, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

brie /bɹiː/ bries n
brie
An originally French variety of soft cheese made from cow's milk.

brief /bɹiːf/ briefer briefest more brief most brief adj
bref court
Of short duration; happening quickly. [from 15th c.]

briefcase /ˈbɹiːfˌkeɪs/ briefcases n
serviette porte-documents portefeuille
A case used for carrying documents, especially for business.

briefing /ˈbɹiːfɪŋ/ briefings n
revue
A short and concise summary of a situation.

briefly /ˈbɹiːfli/ more briefly most briefly adv
brièvement concisément
(manner) In a brief manner, summarily.

briefs /bɹiːfs/ n
slip bobettes
(chiefly, Australia, informal) Male underpant bikini briefs.

brig /bɹɪɡ/ brigs n
brigantin
(watercraft) A two-masted vessel, square-rigged on both foremast and mainmast
cachot
(US) A jail or guardhouse, especially in a naval military prison or jail on a ship, navy base, or (in fiction) spacecraft.

brigadier /bɹɪɡəˈdɪɚ/ brigadiers n
brigadier brigadière
(military) An army rank; an officer commanding a brigade.

brigadier general brigadier generals n
brigadier-général
(military) A military officer who commands a brigade.

brigand /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənd/ brigands n
brigand bandit
An outlaw or bandit.

brigandess brigandesses n
brigande

brigantine /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənˌtaɪn/ /ˈbɹɪɡ.ənˌtin/ brigantines n
brigantine
(nautical) a two-masted vessel, square-rigged on the foremast, but fore-and-aft-rigged mainsail with a square-rig above it on the mainmast.

bright /bɹaɪt/ brighter brightest adj
clair brillant luisant
Emitting much light; visually dazzling; luminous, lucent, radiant.
brillant intelligent
Having a clear, quick intellect; intelligent.
brillant vivide
Of a colour: not muted or pale; bold, brilliant, vivid.
heureux
In good spirits; happy, optimistic.

bright and early /ˌbɹaɪt‿n̩ ˈɜɹli/ /ˌbɹaɪt‿n̩ ˈɜːli/ more bright and early most bright and early adv
au chant du coq au petit matin aux aurores de bon matin de bonne heure de grand matin
(idiomatic, originally, US) (Very) early in the morning.

bright side bright sides n
aspect positif bon côté
A consoling aspect of a difficult situation.

bright spark bright sparks n
flèche tête
(colloquial, often, ironic) A person who is intelligent, clever or quick-witted.

brighten up /ˈbɹaɪtən ʌp/ /ˈbɹaɪ̯ʔn̩ ʌp/ v
éclaircir
(intransitive, said of the weather) To become brighter

brightly /ˈbɹaɪtli/ brightlier brightliest more brightly most brightly adv
clairement précisément
In a bright manner.

brightness /ˈbɹaɪtnəs/ brightnesses n
brillance
The quality of being bright.
luminosité
The perceived luminance of an object.
intelligence
Intelligence, cleverness.

brightwork /ˈbɹaɪt.wɝk/ brightworks n
cuivres

brill /bɹɪl/ brill brills n
barbue
A type of flatfish, Scophthalmus rhombus.

brilliancy /ˈbɹɪljənsi/ brilliancies n
brillance
A shining quality; brilliance.

brilliant /ˈbɹɪljənt/ more brilliant most brilliant adj
brillant
Shining brightly.
(of a colour) Both bright and saturated.
(of a voice or sound) Having a sharp, clear tone.
(British) Of surpassing excellence.
(British) Magnificent or wonderful.
Highly intelligent.

brilliant /ˈbɹɪljənt/ brilliants n
brillant
A finely cut gemstone, especially a diamond, cut in a particular form with numerous facets so as to maximize light return through the top (called "table") of the stone.
Most hummingbird species of the genus Heliodoxa.
perle
(uncountable, printing, dated) The size of type between excelsior and diamond, standardized as 4-point.

brilliantly more brilliantly most brilliantly adv
brillamment
In a brilliant manner; with brilliance.

brillig n
brilgue
A nonce word in Lewis Carroll's Jabberwocky, explained by Humpty Dumpty as "four o'clock in the afternoon — the time when you begin broiling things for dinner."

brimstone /ˈbɹɪmstoʊn/ /ˈbɹɪmstən/ /ˈbɹɪmstəʊn/ brimstones n
citron
The butterfly Gonepteryx rhamni of the Pieridae family.

brine /bɹaɪn/ brines n
saumure
Salt water; water saturated or strongly impregnated with salt; a salt-and-water solution for pickling.

brine /bɹaɪn/ v
saumurer
(transitive) To preserve food in a salt solution.

brine shrimp brine shrimp brine shrimps n
artémie
An aquatic crustacean of the taxonomic genus Artemia, one species of which is often marketed under the name Sea-Monkeys as a novelty gift.

bring /ˈbɹɪŋ/ v
apporter amener
(transitive, ditransitive) To transport toward somebody/somewhere.

bring about v
provoquer causer occasionner
(transitive) To cause to take place.
accomplir effectuer réaliser
(transitive) To accomplish, achieve.

bring back v
ramener
(transitive) To cause someone to remember something from the past.
faire revenir
(transitive) To reenact an old rule or law.
ramener rapporter
(transitive) To revive, to resurrect; to cause something dead to be alive once again.

bring forth v
produire
To produce, bear as fruit.
To adduce, bring forward.
donner naissance produire
To give birth.
générer créer produire
To create, generate, bring into existence.

bring home the bacon v
faire bouillir la marmite faire bouillir la popotte gagner sa vie mettre du pain sur la table
(idiomatic) To have employment which provides remuneration to satisfy the basic needs of oneself and one's family.

bring to a boil v
porter à ébullition
(US) To heat something until it reaches its boiling point.

bring to bear v
pointer viser
(transitive) To aim a weapon at a target.
appliquer employer
(transitive, idiomatic) To apply; to employ something to achieve an intended effect.

bring to heel v
mettre au pas
(transitive, idiomatic) To compel someone to obey; to force someone into a submissive condition.

bring to justice v
traduire en justice
(idiomatic) To cause a person alleged to have committed criminal acts to be brought to trial on the offenses.

bring to light v
dévoiler mettre au grand jour mettre au jour révéler
(idiomatic) To expose, disclose or reveal something that was hidden or unknown.

bring to one's knees v
mettre à genoux

bring up v
élever
To raise or rear (children).

bring up the rear v
fermer la marche
(idiomatic) To be last in a moving line of people, to walk or go behind others in a line.

brink /bɹɪŋk/ brinks n
bord lisière
The edge, margin, or border of a steep place, as of a precipice; a bank or edge.
(figurative) The edge or border.

brinkmanship /ˈbɹɪŋk.mən.ʃɪp/ /ˈbɹɪŋk.mənˌʃɪp/ brinkmanships n
stratégie du bord de [[l’]]abyme
(chiefly, politics) The pursuit of an advantage by appearing to be willing to take a matter to the brink (for example, by risking a dangerous policy) rather than to concede a point. [from mid 1950s]

briny /ˈbɹaɪni/ brinier briniest more briny most briny adj
saumâtre
Of, pertaining to, resembling or containing brine; salty.

brioche /briːˈɒʃ/ /ˈbriːɒʃ/ brioches n
brioche
(countable, and, uncountable) A type of light sweet pastry or bun of French origin.

briquette /bɹɪˈkɛt/ briquettes n
briquette
A small brick, typically made of charcoal and used for fuel.

brisance /ˈbɹiːzɑ̃s/ brisances n
brisance
The shattering effect of the energy released in an explosion.

brisk /bɹɪsk/ brisker briskest more brisk most brisk adj
animé
Full of liveliness and activity; characterized by quickness of motion or action.
vif
Full of spirit of life; effervescing.
stimulant
Stimulating or invigorating.

brisket /ˈbɹɪskɪt/ briskets n
poitrail poitrine
The chest of an animal.
poitrine
A cut of meat taken from the chest, especially from the section under the first five ribs.

briskly /ˈbɹɪskli/ more briskly most briskly adv
vivement
Fast, quickly, swiftly.

bristle /ˈbɹɪstəl/ /ˈbɹɪsəl/ /ˈbɹʌsəl/ bristles n
soie
A stiff or coarse hair, usually and especially on a nonhuman mammal.
soie poil
The hairs or other filaments that make up a brush, broom, or similar item, typically made from plant cellulose, animal hairs, or synthetic polymers.

bristle /ˈbɹɪstəl/ /ˈbɹɪsəl/ /ˈbɹʌsəl/ v
se hérisser
To rise or stand erect, like bristles.

bristletail bristletail bristletails n
lépisme poisson d'argent
Any of various small, active six-legged arthropods that have two or three bristles at the ends of their abdomens and that do not have wings. These were formerly classified together in the insect subclass Apterygota or the order Thysanura but are no longer considered closely related:

brittle /ˈbɹɪtl̩/ brittler brittlest more brittle most brittle adj
fragile
Inflexible; liable to break, snap, or shatter easily under stress, pressure, or impact.
cassant
Not physically tough or tenacious; apt to break or crumble when bending.

brittle /ˈbɹɪtl̩/ brittles n
croquant
A confection of caramelized sugar and nuts.

brittle bone disease n
maladie des os de verre
(pathology) Synonym of osteogenesis imperfecta

brittle star brittle stars n
ophiure
Any of various echinoderms, of the class Ophiuroidea, that resemble starfish and have long, slender arms that regenerate when snapped off.

brittleness brittlenesses n
fragilité
The state of being brittle (in various senses).

bro /bɹoʊ/ /bɹəʊ/ pronoun
frérot
(originally, AAVE, Internet slang) A person previously mentioned, usually male. Chiefly equivalent to he and him.

broach /bɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /bɹəʊtʃ/ v
percer un tonneau perforer
(transitive) To make a hole in, especially a cask of liquor, and put in a tap in order to draw the liquid.
aborder
(transitive, figuratively) To begin discussion about (something).

broad /bɹoːd/ /bɹɑd/ /bɹɔd/ /bɹɔːd/ broader broadest adj
large
Having a large measure of any thing or quality; unlimited; unrestrained.
fort
(of an accent) Strongly regional.

broad /bɹoːd/ /bɹɑd/ /bɹɔd/ /bɹɔːd/ broads n
gonzesse meuf
(US, colloquial, slang, sometimes, dated) A woman or girl.

broad bean broad beans n
fève fèverole
An edible bean that has broad seeds (Vicia faba).

broad-billed sandpiper broad-billed sandpipers n
bécasseau falcinelle
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris falcinellus)

broad-leaved adj
feuillu
Having relatively broad leaves

broad-leaved epiphyllum broad-leaved epiphyllums n
Epiphyllum à large feuilles
Epiphyllum oxypetalum, a species of cactus whose flowers usually bloom only one night a year.

broad-minded more broad-minded most broad-minded adj
large d'esprit ouvert d'esprit
Having an open mind; tolerant of diversity.

broad-mindedness broad-mindednesses n
largesse d'esprit ouverture d'esprit
The characteristic of being broad-minded.

broad-shouldered more broad-shouldered most broad-shouldered adj
large [[d']]épaules
Having broad shoulders.

broad-winged hawk broad-winged hawks n
petite buse
Buteo platypterus, a small hawk of the Buteo genus.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ broadcasts n
émission
A transmission of a radio or television programme intended to be received by anyone with a receiver.
A programme (bulletin, documentary, show, etc.) so transmitted.

broadcast /-kæst/ /ˈbɹɑdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔdkæst/ /ˈbɹɔːdkast/ /ˈbɹɔːdkɑːst/ v
diffuser retransmettre radiodiffuser
(transitive) To transmit a message or signal through radio waves or electronic means.

broadcaster /-ˌkæstə/ /ˈbɹɑd-/ /ˈbɹɔdˌkæstɚ/ /ˈbɹɔːdˌkɑːstə/ broadcasters n
radiodiffuseur
An organization or station that engages in the activity of such broadcasting.

broadcasting broadcastings n
diffusion radiodiffusion émission
(business) The business or profession of radio and television.

broaden /ˈbɹoː.dən/ /ˈbɹɑ.dən/ /ˈbɹɔ.dən/ /ˈbɹɔː.dən/ v
élargir
(transitive) To make broad or broader.
(intransitive) To become broad or broader.

broadleaf adj
feuillu
Pertaining to trees with relatively broad, flat leaves as opposed to needles, or woodlands made up of such trees.
platyphylle
Used in the name of a plant or tree: having especially broad leaves.

broadly speaking adv
dans les grandes lignes pour faire simple

broadside broadsides n
bordée flanc
(nautical) One side of a ship above the water line; all the guns on one side of a warship; their simultaneous firing.

broadsword /ˈbɹɔd.sɔɹd/ /ˈbɹɔːd.sɔːd/ broadswords n
estramaçon
(history) A type of early modern sword that has a broad double-edged blade for cutting (as opposed to the more slender thrust-oriented rapier) and typically a basket hilt.

brocade /bɹəˈkeɪd/ brocades n
brocart
(countable, uncountable) A thick heavy fabric into which raised patterns have been woven, originally in gold and silver; more recently any cloth incorporating raised, woven patterns.
(metaphoric) A decorative pattern.

brocade /bɹəˈkeɪd/ v
brocher
To decorate fabric with raised woven patterns.

brocard /ˈbɹoʊkɑːd/ /ˈbɹoʊkɚd/ /ˈbɹəʊkɑːd/ /ˈbɹəʊkəd/ brocards n
brocard
(legal) A legal principle usually expressed in Latin, traditionally used to concisely express a wider legal concept or rule.

broccoli /ˈbɹɑ.kə.li/ /ˈbɹɑk.li/ /ˈbɹɒ.kə.li/ broccoli broccolis n
brocoli
A plant, Brassica oleracea var. italica, of the cabbage family, Brassicaceae; especially, the tree-shaped flower and stalk that are eaten as a vegetable.

broccolini /bɹɑ.kəˈliːni/ /bɹɒ.kəˈliːni/ broccolini broccolinis n
broccolini
A green vegetable similar to broccoli but with smaller florets and long thin stalks; a cross between broccoli and kai-lan (Chinese broccoli).

brochure /bɹoʊˈʃɝ/ /bɹoʊˈʃʊɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊ.ʃə(ɹ)/ brochures n
brochure
A booklet of printed informational matter, like a pamphlet, often for promotional purposes.

brocket /ˈbɹɒkɪt/ brockets n
daguet
A stag in its second year, before its horns have started branching.

broil /bɹɔɪl/ broils n
échauffourée
(archaic) A brawl; a rowdy disturbance.

broil /bɹɔɪl/ v
griller
(transitive, North America, obsolete in the UK) To cook by direct, radiant heat.

broke /bɹoʊk/ /bɹəʊk/ broker brokest more broke most broke adj
fauché désargenté à sec
(informal) Financially ruined, bankrupt.
(informal) Without any money, penniless.

broken /ˈbɹoʊ.kən/ /ˈbɹoʊ.kɪn/ /ˈbɹəʊ.kən/ more broken most broken adj
brisé cassé rompu
(of sleep) Interrupted; not continuous.
Fragmented; in separate pieces.
(of a, promise, etc) Breached; violated; not kept.
(colloquial, US, of a, situation) Not having gone in the way intended; saddening.
cassé fracturé
(of a, bone or body part) Fractured; having the bone in pieces.
discontinu traitillé
(of a, line) Dashed; made up of short lines with small gaps between each one and the next.
fragmenté
(meteorology, of the sky) Five-eighths to seven-eighths obscured by clouds; incompletely covered by clouds.
buggé
(software, informal) Badly designed or implemented.
cassé brisé rompu niqué pété
Non-functional; not functioning properly.
coupé
(of an, electronic connection) Disconnected, no longer open or carrying traffic.
brisé
(of a, person) Completely defeated and dispirited; shattered; destroyed.
fauché
Having no money; bankrupt, broke.
approximatif petit-nègre
(sports, and, gaming, of a tactic or option) Overpowered; overly powerful; too powerful.

broken heart broken hearts n
cœur blessé cœur brisé
A feeling of grief or loss, especially after a failed romantic relationship.

broken plural broken plurals n
pluriel brisé pluriel interne
An irregular plural formed by changing the pattern of consonants and vowels inside the singular form, found in the Semitic languages and other Afroasiatic languages such as Berber. An example in Arabic is , the plural form of .

broken-down more broken-down most broken-down adj
H.S. en panne hors-service
Which has broken down and, as a result, is no longer in working order.

brokenhearted more brokenhearted most brokenhearted adj
avoir le cœur brisé
Grieved and disappointed, especially with the loss of a beloved person or thing, such as the repudiation of a romantic relationship.

broker /ˈbɹoʊkɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊkə/ brokers n
courtier démarcheur représentant
A mediator between a buyer and seller.

broker /ˈbɹoʊkɚ/ /ˈbɹəʊkə/ v
courter
(intransitive) To act as a broker; to mediate in a sale or transaction.

brokerage brokerages n
courtier
A business, firm, or company whose business is to act as a broker (e.g., stockbroker).
courtage
The occupation of being a broker.
courtage frais de courtage
The commission paid to a broker.

brolga brolgas n
grue brolga
A large grey crane (Antigone rubicunda, syn. Grus rubicunda), of northern and eastern Australia. [from 19th c.]

bromance /ˈbɹoʊmæns/ /ˈbɹəʊmæns/ bromances n
bromance
(informal) A close but non-sexual relationship between men.

bromate bromates n
bromate
(inorganic chemistry) the anion BrO3-1, derived from bromic acid; any salt containing this anion

bromatology /bɹəʊməˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
bromatologie
The study of food.

brome /bɹəʊm/ bromes n
brome
Any grass of the genus Bromus.

bromic adj
bromique

bromide /ˈbɹoʊ.maɪd/ /ˈbɹəʊ.maɪd/ bromides n
bromure
(inorganic chemistry) A binary compound of bromine and some other element or radical.

bromine /ˈbɹoʊmin/ /ˈbɹəʊmiːn, -mɪn, -maɪn/ bromines n
brome
(uncountable) A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Br) with an atomic number of 35; one of the halogens, it is a fuming red-brown liquid at room temperature.

bromoform bromoforms n
bromoforme
(organic compound) The haloform CHBr3, a very heavy liquid that is the bromine analogue of chloroform.

bromophenol blue n
bleu de bromophénol
(organic compound) An acid-base indicator, 2,6-dibromo-4-[3-(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dioxo-3-benzo[c]oxathiolyl]phenol

bronchial /ˈbɹɑːn.ki.əl/ adj
bronchial
Of or relating to the bronchi or bronchioles.

bronchiolitis n
bronchiolite
(pathology) Inflammation of the bronchioles; especially common in young children.

bronchitis /bɹɒŋˈkaɪtɪs/ bronchitides bronchitises n
bronchite
(uncountable) An inflammation of the bronchi of the lungs, that causes the cilia of the bronchial epithelial cells to stop functioning.

bronchodilator bronchodilators n
bronchodilatateur
(medicine) Any drug used to dilate and relax the bronchial passages and ease the flow of air to the lungs

bronchoscopy bronchoscopies n
bronchoscopie
(medicine) A technique for viewing the bronchi using a flexible instrument called a bronchoscope.

bronchus /ˈbɹɑŋkəs/ /ˈbɹɒŋkəs/ bronchi n
bronche
Either of two airways, which are primary branches of the trachea, leading directly into the lungs.

brontosaur brontosaurs n
brontosaure
Any member of the genus Brontosaurus.

brony /ˈbɹoʊni/ /ˈbɹəʊni/ bronies n
brony
(fandom slang) A (usually major, often male) fan of the animated television series My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic, typically an adult male.

bronze /bɹɑnz/ /bɹɒnz/ more bronze most bronze adj
bronzé hâlé tanné (par le soleil)
(of the skin) Tanned; darkened as a result of exposure to the sun.

bronze /bɹɑnz/ /bɹɒnz/ bronzes n
bronze airain
(uncountable) A naturally occurring or man-made alloy of copper, usually in combination with tin, but also with one or more other metals.
bronze
(countable, and, uncountable) A reddish-brown colour, the colour of bronze.

bronze medal bronze medals n
médaille de bronze
A medal made of, or having the colour of, bronze, given as a prize for finishing in third place

bronze medalist bronze medalists n
médaillé de bronze médaillée de bronze
Someone who has received a bronze medal

bronzer bronzers n
autobronzant
A cosmetic product intended to give the skin a temporary bronzed colour resembling a suntan.

bronzesmith bronzesmiths n
bronzier
A maker of bronze articles.

brooch /bɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /bɹuːt͡ʃ/ /bɹəʊtʃ/ brooches n
broche
A piece of ornamental jewellery having a pin allowing it to be fixed to garments worn on the upper body.

brood /bɹuːd/ /bɹʉd/ broods n
couvée
The young of certain animals, especially a group of young birds or fowl hatched at one time by the same mother.
(uncountable) The young of any egg-laying creature, especially if produced at the same time.

brood /bɹuːd/ /bɹʉd/ v
couver
(transitive) To keep an egg warm to make it hatch.
couver protéger
(transitive) To protect (something that is gradually maturing); to foster.
broyer du noir se morfondre
(intransitive) (typically with about or over) To dwell upon moodily and at length, mainly alone.

brood mare brood mares n
poulinière
A stud mare, a female horse used for breeding.

brooder /ˈbɹudɚ/ /ˈbɹuːdə/ brooders n
couveuse
A heated box used for chicks or premature babies.

brooding /ˈbɹuːdɪŋ/ more brooding most brooding adj
méditatif
Deeply or seriously thoughtful.

brook /bɹuːk/ /bɹʊk/ brooks n
ruisselet
A body of running water smaller than a river; a small stream.

brook trout brook trout brook trouts n
omble de fontaine saumon de fontaine truite mouchetée
A fish of the species Salvelinus fontinalis.

brooklet brooklets n
ruisselet
A little brook.

broom /bɹuːm/ /bɹʊm/ brooms n
balai ramon
(countable) A domestic utensil with fibers bound together at the end of a long handle, used for sweeping.
balai argalou genêt à balais ramon
Any of several yellow-flowered shrubs of the family Fabaceae, with long, stiff, thin branches and small or few leaves used for the domestic utensil.

broom /bɹuːm/ /bɹʊm/ v
balayer
(transitive, intransitive) To sweep with a broom.

broom wagon broom wagons n
camion-balai voiture-balai
(cycling) A vehicle that follows a cycling race, picking up stragglers and carrying food and equipment.

broomrape broomrapes n
orobanche
Any of various plants, of the genus Orobanche, that are parasitic on the roots of other plants.

broomstick /ˈbɹum.stɪk/ broomsticks n
manche à balai
The handle of a broom (sweeping tool).
balai magique
A broom imbued with magic, enabling one to fly astride the handle.

bros before hoes proverb
les potes avant les putes
(US, vulgar, slang) A man should prioritize his male friends over women.

broth /bɹɑθ/ /bɹɒθ/ /bɹɔθ/ broths n
bouillon
(uncountable) Water in which food (meat or vegetable etc) has been boiled.
bouillon soupe
(countable) A soup made from broth and other ingredients such as vegetables, herbs or diced meat.

brothel /ˈbɹɑðəl/ /ˈbɹɑθəl/ /ˈbɹɒðəl/ /ˈbɹɒθəl/ /ˈbɹɔðəl/ /ˈbɹɔθəl/ brothels n
bordel lupanar maison close boxon maison de tolérance privé
A house of prostitution.

brothelkeeper brothelkeepers n
tenancier de maison close tenancière tenancière de maison close
A person who runs a brothel, whether legally or illegally.

brother /ˈbɹɐðɘ(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌvə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ/ brethren brothers n
frère
A male having at least one parent in common with another (see half-brother, stepbrother).
A male fellow member of a religious community, church, trades union etc.
frère pair semblable
Someone who is a peer, whether male or female.

brother /ˈbɹɐðɘ(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌvə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ/ v
fraterniser
(transitive) To treat as a brother.

brother-in-arms brethren-in-arms brothers-in-arms n
frère d'armes
comrade in arms (fellow combatant or soldier)

brother-in-law /ˈbɹʌðəɹ ɪn ˌlɔː/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɑ/ /ˈbɹʌðɚ ɪn ˌlɔ/ brethren-in-law brother-in-laws brothers-in-law n
beau-frère
The husband of one's sibling.
The brother of the spouse of one's sibling.
The husband of the sibling of one's spouse.

brotherhood /ˈbɹʌðəhʊd/ /ˈbɹʌðɚhʊd/ brotherhoods n
fraternité
The state of being brothers or a brother (also figuratively).
fraternité confrérie
An association of people for any purpose, such as a society of monks; a fraternity.

brotherliness brotherlinesses n
fraternalisme fraternité
the characteristic of being brotherly

brotherly /ˈbɹʌð.ə.li/ /ˈbɹʌð.ɚ.li/ more brotherly most brotherly adj
fraternel
Of or characteristic of brothers.

brouhaha /ˈbɹuː.hɑː.hɑː/ brouhahas n
brouhaha
A stir; a fuss or uproar.

brow /bɹaʊ/ brows n
andouiller d'œil andouiller de massacre maître andouiller
The first tine of an antler's beam.

brow ridge brow ridges n
arcade sourcilière
a bony projection in humans and other primates located above eye sockets delimiting the bottom of the forehead

browbeat /ˈbɹaʊ.biːt/ v
brusquer intimider
(transitive) To bully in an intimidating, bossy, or supercilious way.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browner brownest more brown most brown adj
brun marron
Having a brown colour.

brown /bɹaʊn/ browns n
brun marron
(countable, and, uncountable) A colour like that of chocolate or coffee.

brown /bɹaʊn/ v
brunir
(intransitive) To become brown.
faire dorer faire revenir faire roussir
(cooking, transitive) To cook something until it becomes brown.

brown bear brown bears n
ours brun
A species of bears native to northern America, Europe and Asia having brownish fur. (Ursus arctos)

brown bread brown breads n
pain complet
Bread with a brown colour as distinct from white bread, wholemeal, granary or other specific types of bread.

brown dwarf brown dwarfs brown dwarves n
naine brune
(star) A starlike object that contracts to about the volume of Jupiter after its formation phase; its mass may range from several times that of Jupiter, such that it fuses deuterium, up to just below the threshold of sustained hydrogen fusion.

brown eye brown eyes n
boîte à caca rondelle trou du cul œil de bronze
(vulgar, slang) the anus

brown falcon brown falcons n
faucon bérigora

brown hyena brown hyenas n
hyène brune
A comparatively rare species of hyena, Hyaena brunnea, endemic to desert and semi-desert areas and open woodland savannahs of southern Africa.

brown rat brown rats n
surmulot
A rat of species Rattus norvegicus, common worldwide.

brown rice brown rices n
riz complet riz brun
Rice with the brownish hull not polished off as in white rice. The hull contains important vitamins, including vitamin B complex, which are missing in white rice.

brown sauce brown sauces n
sauce brune
A sauce made by the addition of stock to a heated and browned mixture of butter and flour.

brown shrike brown shrikes n
pie-grièche brune
Lanius cristatus, a bird in the shrike family (Lanius) that is found mainly in Asia. It is closely related to the red-backed shrike (L. collurio) and isabelline shrike (L. isabellinus).

brown study brown studies n
blues bourdon mélancolie
(idiomatic, dated) A melancholy mood accompanied by deep thought; a moody daydream.

brown sugar brown sugars n
cassonade sucre roux
Sugar which has been only partially refined and still contains molasses.

brown thumb brown thumbs n
avoir le pouce brun
(idiomatic) Lack of skill at growing plants; something possessed by a poor gardener.

brown trout brown trout n
truite fario truite brune
A nonmigratory freshwater trout of species Salmo trutta, with dark spotted skin, native to Europe and Asia.

browned off more browned off most browned off adj
exaspéré excité
(idiomatic, slang) Annoyed, upset, angry, bored, fed up, disgusted

brownfield brownfields n
site pollué zone de friche
(often, attributive) A site, to be used for housing or commerce, that has been previously used for industry and may be contaminated or need extensive clearing.

brownie /ˈbɹaʊni/ brownies n
brownie
(usually, countable, culinary, originally, US) A small square piece of rich cake, usually made with chocolate. [from 1897]

brownie point brownie points n
bon point

brownish /ˈbɹaʊnɪʃ/ more brownish most brownish adj
brunâtre
Of a colour which resembles brown; somewhat brown.

brownnose brownnoses n
cire-pompes cireur de pompes lèche-bottes lèche-cul
(figurative) One who sucks up; a bootlicker, ass-kisser, sycophant.

brownnose v
cirer les pompes flagorner lécher le cul lécher les bottes

brownstone brownstones n
grés brun

browse /bɹaʊz/ v
feuilleter parcourir
To scan, to casually look through in order to find items of interest, especially without knowledge of what to look for beforehand.
parcourir regarder
To move about while sampling, such as with food or products on display.
naviguer
(transitive, computing) To navigate through hyperlinked documents on a computer, usually with a browser.
brouter
(intransitive, of an animal) To move about while eating parts of plants, especially plants other than pasture, such as shrubs or trees.

browsing /ˈbɹaʊzɪŋ/ browsings n
abroutissement

brr /bɝ/ [ʙ̩ː] interjection
brrr
Used to express being cold, to show shivering.

brubru /ˈbɹubɹu/ /ˈbɹuːbɹuː/ brubrus n
brubru
Also more fully as brubru shrike: a bird in the bushshrike family found in sub-Saharan Africa (Nilaus afer).

brucellosis brucelloses n
brucellose
(disease) Infection by a bacterium of the genus Brucella, which is carried by ruminants and other mammals, with symptoms include recurring fevers, sweating, weakness, anorexia, headaches, depression, and generalized aches and pains.

bruise /bɹuːz/ bruises n
bleu contusion ecchymose meurtrissure
A purplish mark on the skin due to leakage of blood from capillaries under the surface that have been damaged by a blow.
cotissure meurtrissure talure
A dark mark on fruit or vegetables caused by a blow to the surface.

bruise /bɹuːz/ v
contusionner meurtrir
(transitive) To strike (a person), originally with something flat or heavy, but now specifically in such a way as to discolour the skin without breaking it.
cotir s'abîmer se cotir se faire un bleu se taler taler
(intransitive) Of fruit or vegetables, to gain bruises through being handled roughly.

bruiser bruisers n
gorille malabar
(by extension, colloquial, derogatory) A tall, strong, heavily built person, usually a man, especially one prone to physical violence; a strong and tough person.

bruit /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ v
ébruiter
(transitive, archaic, _, in, _, Britain, current in the) To disseminate, promulgate, or spread news, a rumour, etc.

brumal /ˈbɹuːməl/ more brumal most brumal adj
brumal brumale brumales brumaux
Belonging to winter; winterlike; wintry.

brumous /ˈbɹuməs/ /ˈbɹuːməs/ /ˈbɹə-/ more brumous most brumous adj
brumeux
(literary) Foggy or misty; wintry. [from mid 19th c.]

brunch /bɹʌnt͡ʃ/ /bɹʌnʃ/ brunches n
brunch
A meal eaten later in the day than breakfast and earlier than lunch, and often consisting of typical foods from both of those meals.

brunette /bɹuˈnɛt/ /bɹuːnɛt/ adj
brun brunette
(of a person) Having brown or black hair and, often, dark eyes and darkish or olive skin.

brunette /bɹuˈnɛt/ /bɹuːnɛt/ brunettes n
brune brun
A person, especially female, with brown or black hair and, often, dark eyes and darkish or olive skin.

bruschetta /bɹuˈskɛtə/ /bɹuˈʃɛtə/ /bɹʊˈskɛtə/ bruschettas bruschette n
bruschetta
A light Italian dish of toasted bread with a topping of olive oil, garlic and chopped tomatoes.

brush /bɹɛʃ/ /bɹʌʃ/ brushes n
brosse
An implement consisting of multiple more or less flexible bristles or other filaments attached to a handle, used for any of various purposes including cleaning, painting, and arranging hair.
A piece of conductive material, usually carbon, serving to maintain electrical contact between the stationary and rotating parts of a machine.
brossage
The act of brushing something.
accrochage
A short and sometimes occasional encounter or experience.

brush /bɹɛʃ/ /bɹʌʃ/ v
brosser
(transitive) To clean with a brush.
(transitive) To remove with a sweeping motion.
brosser se brosser
(transitive) To untangle or arrange with a brush.
peindre peinturer
(transitive) To apply with a brush.
frôler effleurer
(ambitransitive) To touch with a sweeping motion, or lightly in passing.

brush off v
ignorer regarder de haut
(idiomatic) To disregard (something), to dismiss or ignore (someone), as unimportant.

brush one's teeth v
se brosser les dents
To clean one's teeth, especially by using a toothbrush and toothpaste. (This entry is a translation hub.)

brush up v
dérouiller
(idiomatic) To review; to improve an existing but rusty or underdeveloped skill.

brush-tailed phascogale brush-tailed phascogales n
phascogale à queue en brosse
A species of arboreal carnivorous dasyurid marsupial, Phascogale tapoatafa, endemic to Australia.

brushless adj
balai blaireau brosse brushless
Not using brushes, of a motor that does not use physical contacts for the commutator.
blaireau brosse
Not requiring the use of a brush.

brushtail possum brushtail possums n
phalanger vulpin phalanger-renard
A nocturnal, arboreal, Australian possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, that has a furred tail with a naked tip.

brushwood brushwoods n
brindilles
Branches and twigs fallen from trees and shrubs.

brusque /bɹuːsk/ /bɹʊsk/ /bɹʌsk/ brusquer brusquest more brusque most brusque adj
brusque
Rudely abrupt; curt, unfriendly.

brutal /ˈbɹu.təl/ /ˈbɹuː.təl/ /ˈbɹʉː.təl/ [ˈbɹu.ɾəl] [ˈbɹʉː.ɾəl] more brutal most brutal adj
brutal
Savagely violent, vicious, ruthless, or cruel.

brutalise /ˈbruːt(ə)lʌɪz/ v
brutaliser
(transitive) To inflict brutal violence on.
abrutir
(transitive) To make brutal, cruel or harsh.

brutality /bɹuˈtælɪɾi/ /bɹuːˈtælɪti/ brutalities n
brutalité
The state of being brutal.
The use of excessive physical force, often in the form of violence.

brutally more brutally most brutally adv
brutalement sauvagement
In a brutal manner; viciously, barbarically.

brute /bɹut/ /bɹuːt/ brutes n
brute
A person with the characteristics of an unthinking animal; a coarse or brutal person. [from 17th c.]

brute force /bɹut ˈfɔɹs/ n
manière forte
A method of accomplishing something primarily by means of strength, without the use of great skill, mechanical aids or thought.
force brute
(computer science) A method of computation wherein the computer is let to try all permutations of a problem until one is found that provides a solution, in contrast to the implementation of a more intelligent algorithm.

bruxism /ˈbɹʊk-/ /ˈbɹʌksɪz(ə)m/ /ˈbɹʌksɪzəm/ bruxisms n
bruxisme
(dentistry) The habit or practice of grinding the teeth, as while sleeping, or due to stress or certain drugs.

bruxomania n
bruxomanie
(medicine, dentistry) Compulsive grinding of the teeth.

bryony /ˈbɹaɪəni/ bryonies n
brione
A perennial herb of the genus Bryonia, especially the common wild species Bryonia dioica.

bryophyte /ˈbɹaɪ̯.əˌfaɪt/ /ˈbɹʌɪ̯.əˌfʌɪt/ bryophytes n
bryophyte
(botany) Any plant of the division Bryophyta, defined sensu lato to comprise the mosses, liverworts and hornworts and corresponding to all embryophytes that are not vascular plants.

bryozoan /ˌbɹɑɪəˈzəʊən/ bryozoans n
ectoprocte
(zoology) A member of the phylum Bryozoa of aquatic, usually colonial invertebrates. [from 19th c.]

bubble /ˈbʌb.əl/ bubbles n
bulle
A spherically contained volume of air or other gas, especially one made from soapy liquid.
(by extension) Anything resembling a hollow sphere.
(economics) A period of intense speculation in a market, causing prices to rise quickly to irrational levels as the metaphorical bubble expands, and then fall even more quickly as the bubble bursts.
trou bulle
A small spherical cavity in a solid material.
vent
(figurative) Anything lacking firmness or solidity; a cheat or fraud; an empty project.
ambiance
(figurative) The emotional and/or physical atmosphere in which the subject is immersed.

bubble /ˈbʌb.əl/ v
bouillonner
(intransitive) To produce bubbles, to rise up in bubbles (such as in foods cooking or liquids boiling).

bubble bath bubble baths n
bain moussant
A bath in which an additive is poured directly into the water that creates bubbles; a foam bath.
A soap-based product to be added to a bath to create bubbles.

bubble sort bubble sorts n
tri à bulles
(computing) A sorting algorithm in which pairs of neighboring values are compared and swapped into the right order if necessary in the innermost loop.

bubble tea bubble teas n
thé aux bulles thé aux perles
Sweetened tea with milk and tapioca pearls, often including fruit juice, syrup and other ingredients.

bubble wrap bubble wraps n
papier bulle
Cushioning material consisting of small spheres of air trapped in plastic, sold on long rolls for tearing off, and used as packaging for fragile items.

bubblegum /ˈbʌbl̩ɡʌm/ /ˈbʌbəlɡʌm/ bubblegums n
chewing-gum gomme balloune gomme à bulles gomme à claquer
(usually, _, uncountable) A sweet chewing gum formulated to be stretchy so the chewer can blow bubbles with it.

bubbler bubblers n
pipe à eau
(cannabis, _, subculture) A device used for smoking marijuana, similar to a cannabis pipe but with a section that holds water, like a bong

bubo /ˈbju.boʊ/ /ˈbjuː.bəʊ/ /ˈbu.boʊ/ buboes bubos n
bubon
(pathology) An inflamed swelling of a lymph node, especially in the armpit or groin, due to an infection such as bubonic plague, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, or syphilis.

bubonic /bjuːˈbɒnɪk/ adj
bubonique
Of or pertaining to buboes.

bubonic plague bubonic plagues n
peste bubonique
(disease) A contagious, often fatal, epidemic disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of fleas from an infected person or rodent, especially a rat, and characterized by delirium, chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and the formation of buboes.

buccaneer /ˌbʌkəˈnɪɚ/ buccaneers n
boucanier
(nautical) Any of a group of seamen who cruised on their own account on the Spanish Main and in the Pacific in the 17th century, who were similar to pirates but did not prey on ships of their own nation.
A pirate.

bucentaur bucentaurs n
bucentaure
A supposed mythical monster, half ox, half man.

buck /bʌk/ bucks n
bouc
A male deer, antelope, sheep, goat, rabbit, hare, and sometimes the male of other animals such as the hamster, ferret, shad and kangaroo.
balle piasse
(US, Australia, NZ, Canada, informal) A dollar (one hundred cents).

buck /bʌk/ v
ruer
(intransitive, of a horse, _, or similar saddle or pack animal) To leap upward arching its back, coming down with head low and forelegs stiff, forcefully kicking its hind legs upward, often in an attempt to dislodge or throw a rider or pack.

bucket /ˈbʌ.kət/ /ˈbʌ.kɪt/ buckets n
seau chaudière
The amount held in this container.
seau chaudière godet
Part of a piece of machinery that resembles a bucket (container).
panier
(basketball, informal) The basket.
bazou guimbarde minoune tacot
The leather socket for holding the whip when driving, or for the carbine or lance when mounted.

bucket /ˈbʌ.kət/ /ˈbʌ.kɪt/ v
pleuvoir à verse
(intransitive, informal) To rain heavily.

bucket down v
dégringoler pleuvoir comme vache qui pisse pleuvoir des cordes pleuvoir à seaux
(idiomatic) To rain heavily.

bucket hat bucket hats n
bob
A casual hat often worn at the beach, with a wide brim.

bucket list bucket lists n
liste de choses à faire avant de mourir
(idiomatic) A list of things to accomplish before one's death. [c. 2006]

bucket of bolts buckets of bolts n
tas de ferraille
(idiomatic, slang) A piece of machinery that is not worth more than its scrap value, often an old car.

buckeye /ˈbʌkaɪ/ buckeyes n
marronnier
Any of several species of trees of the genus Aesculus.

bucking /ˈbʌkɪŋ/ buckings n
ruade
The act of a quadruped kicking both hind legs upward at once.

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌkl̩/ buckles n
boucle
A metal clasp with a hinged tongue or a spike through which a belt or strap is passed and penetrated by the tongue or spike, in order to fasten the ends of the belt together or to secure the strap to something else.

buckle /ˈbʌk(ə)l/ /ˈbʌkl̩/ v
boucler
To fasten (something) using a buckle (noun sense 1); hence (obsolete) , to fasten (something) in any way.
déformer gauchir
To cause (something) to bend, or to become distorted.
céder renoncer s’affaisser s’écrouler
(figurative) Of a person: to (suddenly) cease resisting pressure or stress; to give in or give way, to yield.
se déformer
Of a thing (especially a slender structure under compression): to collapse or distort under physical pressure.

buckle down v
se concentrer
(intransitive, originally, US, idiomatic) To apply oneself to study, or a task or work; to focus on or take a serious attitude towards something; to put forth the needed effort.

buckle up v
s'attacher
(intransitive, idiomatic) To fasten one's seat belt or safety belt.

buckler /ˈbʌk.lə/ /ˈbʌk.lɚ/ bucklers n
bocle bouclier
(obsolete) A shield resembling the Roman scutum. In modern usage, a smaller variety of shield is usually implied by this term.

buckling /ˈbʌk.əl.ɪŋ/ bucklings n
flambage
The action of giving in (slightly) to pressure or stress by developing a bulge, bending or kinking (with the eventual risk of collapsing).

buckram /ˈbʌkɹəm/ buckrams n
bougran
A coarse cloth of cotton, linen or hemp, stiffened with size or glue, used in bookbinding to cover and protect the books, in garments to keep them in the form intended, and for wrappers to cover merchandise.

buckshot buckshots n
chevrotine
(chiefly, US) Lead shot used in shotgun cartridges, made of larger pellets than birdshot and suitable for hunting larger game. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

buckthorn buckthorns n
nerprun
also genus Frangula, especially Frangula alnus, the alder buckthorn.
nerprun purgatif
especially the common buckthorn or purging buckthorn; Rhamnus cathartica.

buckwheat /ˈbʌkwiːt/ /ˈbʌkʍiːt/ buckwheats n
sarrasin blé noir
An Asian plant, of the species Fagopyrum esculentum. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
sarrasin blé noir blé sarrasin
(culinary) The fruit of this plant used as a pseudocereal.

bucolic /bjuˈkɑlɪk/ /bjuːˈkɒlɪk/ more bucolic most bucolic adj
bucolique
Rustic, pastoral, country-styled.
pastoral
Pertaining to herdsmen or peasants.

bud /bʌd/ buds n
bourgeon bouton
A newly sprouted leaf or blossom that has not yet unfolded.
pote
(informal, North America) Buddy, friend.
bourgeon
A small rounded body in the process of splitting from an organism, which may grow into a genetically identical new organism.
beu
(usually uncountable, slang) Potent cannabis taken from the flowering part of the plant (the "bud"), or marijuana generally.

bud /bʌd/ v
bourgeonner
(intransitive) To form buds.
(intransitive) To reproduce by splitting off buds.

buddha /ˈbudə/ /ˈbʊdə/ buddhas n
bouddha
A human being who has become enlightened (in Buddhism).

budding /ˈbʌdiŋ/ adj
en herbe

buddy /ˈbʌd.i/ pronoun
copain camarade pote mec compagnon
(In Maritime English) A person far removed from the conversation.

budge /bʌd͡ʒ/ v
bouger
(intransitive) To move; to be shifted from a fixed position.
(transitive) To move; to shift from a fixed position.

budgerigar /ˈbɐd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɐː/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑɹ/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒəɹiˌɡɑː/ budgerigars n
perruche ondulée
A species of small green parrot, Melopsittacus undulatus, native to inland Australia; a common cagebird throughout the world and bred in many colour varieties.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ adj
budgétaire
Appropriate to a restricted budget.

budget /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ət/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪt/ budgets n
budget
The amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity or timeframe.
An itemized summary of intended expenditure; usually coupled with expected revenue.

budget constraint budget constraints n
contrainte budgétaire

budgetary /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈbʌd͡ʒ.ɪ.tɹi/ adj
budgétaire
Of or pertaining to a budget.

buff /bʌf/ buffer buffest more buff most buff adj
chamois
(color) Of the color of buff leather, a brownish yellow.
balèze baraqué
(bodybuilding) Unusually muscular.
attirant
(MLE slang) Physically attractive.

buff /bʌf/ buffs n
chamois
(color) A brownish yellow colour.
aficionado mordu passionné
(informal) A person who is very interested in a particular subject.

buff out v
poncer
(transitive) To remove paint or light scratches from the surface by friction, wearing it out by polishing or blasting with sand or by employing some similar method.
fignoler
(transitive, idiomatic) to bring something to proper shape by removing or masking minor defects, by straightening out the residual shortcomings.

buff-bellied pipit buff-bellied pipits n
pic à ventre roux
Anthus rubescens, a small songbird found on both sides of the northern Pacific.

buff-breasted sandpiper buff-breasted sandpipers n
bécasseau roussâtre
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris subruficollis)

buff-tailed bumblebee buff-tailed bumblebees n
bourdon terrestre
Any of species Bombus terrestris of bumblebees common across large parts of Europe.

buffalo /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/ /ˈbʌf.əl.əʊ/ buffalo buffaloes buffalos n
buffle
An animal from the subtribe Bubalina, also known as true buffalos, such as the Cape buffalo, Syncerus caffer, or the water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis.
bison buffle
A related North American animal, the American bison, Bison bison.
ictiobus
The buffalo fish (Ictiobus spp.).

buffalo /ˈbʌf.ə.loʊ/ /ˈbʌf.əl.əʊ/ v
chasser
(transitive) To hunt buffalo.
battre confondre intimider être
(US, slang, transitive) To outwit, confuse, deceive, or intimidate.
frapper
(archaic, transitive) To pistol-whip.

buffalo wing buffalo wings n
aile Buffalo aile de poulet Buffalo aile piquante Buffalo
A snack made of a cooked chicken wing with spicy sauce.

buffer /ˈbafə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfɚ/ [ˈbäfə(ɹ)] [ˈbɐfə(ɹ)] buffers n
solution tampon
(chemistry) A solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid.
tampon
Anything used to isolate or minimize the effect of one thing on another.
tampon mémoire tampon
(telecommunications) A routine or storage medium used to compensate for a difference in rate of flow of data, or time of occurrence of events, when transferring data from one device to another.

buffer /ˈbafə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌfɚ/ [ˈbäfə(ɹ)] [ˈbɐfə(ɹ)] v
tamponner
(chemistry) To maintain the acidity of a solution near a chosen value by adding an acid or a base.

buffer solution buffer solutions n
solution tampon
(chemistry) A solution, containing a buffer, that maintains a relatively constant pH

buffer zone buffer zones n
zone tampon
(US) A transitional area between areas of different land use.

buffet /bəˈfeɪ/ /bʌˈfeɪ/ /ˈbʊ.feɪ/ /ˈbʌ.feɪ/ buffets n
buffet
A counter or sideboard from which food and drinks are served or may be bought.

bufflehead /ˈbʌfəlhɛd/ buffleheads n
garrot albéole petit garrot
A duck in the goldeneye genus, Bucephala albeola. [from 1850s]

buffoon /bəˈfuːn/ buffoons n
bouffon
One who acts in a silly or ridiculous fashion; a clown or fool.

bufotoxin bufotoxins n
bufotoxine
(organic compound) Any of a family of toxic substances found in toads, other amphibians, and some plants and mushrooms.

bug /bʌɡ/ bugs n
punaise
(entomology) An insect of the order Hemiptera (the “true bugs”).
cigale de mer
Any of various species of marine or freshwater crustaceans; e.g. a Moreton Bay bug, mudbug.
bogue bug
(chiefly, computing and engineering jargon) A problem that needs fixing.
microbe virus
A contagious illness, or a pathogen causing it.
manie virus
(informal) An enthusiasm for something; an obsession.
pixel de tracking traceur
A small and usually invisible file (traditionally a single-pixel image) on a World Wide Web page, primarily used to track users.
logo
(broadcasting) A small, usually transparent or translucent image placed in a corner of a television program to identify the broadcasting network or cable channel.
micro mouchard écoute
(slang, US, horse-racing) An asterisk denoting an apprentice jockey's weight allowance.
insecte petite bête
(gambling, slang) A metal clip attached to the underside of a table, etc. to hold hidden cards, as a form of cheating.

bug /bʌɡ/ v
embêter taper sur le système agacer emmerder ennuyer enquiquiner
(informal, transitive) To annoy.
mettre sur écoute mouchard poser micro microter
(transitive) To install an electronic listening device or devices in.

bug off interjection
aller se faire voir dégage va chier
(idiomatic, informal, transitive, dismissal) Used to tell somebody to leave one alone.

bugfix bugfixes n
correctif patch rustine
(computing) A patch or change that fixes the unwanted behaviour caused by a bug.

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ /ˈbʌɡɚ/ interjection
bordel merde nom de Dieu
(slang, British, Australia, New Zealand, coarse) An expression of annoyance or displeasure.

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ /ˈbʌɡɚ/ buggers n
sodomite
(UK, _, legal) Someone who commits buggery; a sodomite.
abruti glandu tête de nœud
(slang, derogatory, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii) A foolish or worthless person or thing; a despicable person.
rascal vieille branche
(slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Commonwealth) Someone viewed with affection; a chap.
fondu
(slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth) Someone who is very fond of something

bugger /ˈbʌɡə/ /ˈbʌɡɚ/ v
sodomiser enculer empaffer
(transitive, vulgar, British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) To have anal sex with, sodomize.
ravager ruiner
(transitive, slang, vulgar, _, in, Britain, Ireland) To break or ruin.

bugger off interjection
chiotte flûte merde punaise putain
(idiomatic, vulgar, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, emphatic ) An expression of disagreement or disbelief.

bugger off v
aller chier dans sa caisse aller se rhabiller allez voir là-bas si j'y suis décarrer déguerpir foutre le camp
(intransitive, idiomatic, vulgar) To leave, go away, disappear.

buggeress buggeresses n
bougresse

buggy /bʌ.ɡi/ buggier buggiest adj
infesté
Infested with insects.
buggé
(computing) Containing programming errors.

buggy /bʌ.ɡi/ buggies n
calèche
A small horse-drawn cart.
quad
A small motor vehicle, such as a dune buggy.

bughouse chess n
Blitz à quatre
A variant of chess played on two chessboards by four players in teams of two. Each player plays the other colour of pieces than their teammate, to whom they pass the pieces they capture from their opponent. The teammate can then choose to put one of these pieces on their board as an alternative way of making a move.

bugle /ˈbjuːɡəl/ bugles n
clairon
A simple brass instrument consisting of a horn with no valves, playing only pitches in its harmonic series

bugler buglers n
clairon
Someone who plays a bugle.

build /bɪld/ builds n
carrure
(countable, uncountable) The physique of a human or animal body, or other object; constitution or structure.
version
(computing, countable) Any of various versions of a software product as it is being developed for release to users.

build /bɪld/ v
construire bâtir édifier ériger monter
(transitive) To form (something) by combining materials or parts.
croître fonder monter
(transitive) To develop or give form to (something) according to a plan or process.
fonder bâtir
(transitive) To establish a basis for (something).
monter
(intransitive) To form by combining materials or parts.
croître
(intransitive) To develop in magnitude or extent.
compiler
(transitive, computing) To construct (software) by compiling its source code.
(intransitive, computing, of source code) To be converted into software by compilation, usually with minimal human intervention.

build castles in the air v
bâtir des châteaux en Espagne bâtir des plans sur la comète tirer des plans sur la comète
(transitive, idiomatic) To have any desire, idea, or plan that is unlikely to be realized; to imagine visionary projects or schemes; to have an idle fancy or a pipe dream; to daydream.

build up v
renforcer
To erect; to construct.
renforcer s'accumuler s'empiler s'entasser
(intransitive, transitive, idiomatic) To accumulate, to pile up, to increase in stages.

builder /ˈbɪl.də/ /ˈbɪl.dɚ/ [ˈbɪɫ.ɾɚ] builders n
constructeur bâtisseur bâtisseuse constructrice
A person who builds or constructs things.

builder's cleavage n
sourire du plombier
(chiefly, British) the top of the buttocks showing when a pair of trousers are worn too low, or when the wearer is bending over.

building /ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/ buildings n
construction édifice
(uncountable) The act or process by which something is built; construction.
bâtiment immeuble édifice
(countable) A closed structure with walls and a roof.

building block building blocks n
brique bloc de construction composante élément constitutif
(literally) A component that is part of a larger construction, such as a brick or a stone.
cube
A block made of wood or plastic that is used as a children's toy and can be stacked or joined to form a larger structure.
composante élément constitutif
(figuratively) A component that is part of a larger system.

building material building materials n
matériau de construction
Any material which is used for construction purposes.

building site building sites n
chantier
(construction) The site, the place where a building is located, is currently under construction, or shall be constructed (including structures other than buildings).

building society building societies n
caisse d'épargne
(British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, banking ) A type of financial institution which traditionally was based on lending money (as mortgages) to society members to buy houses, from other members pooled savings and/or money borrowed wholesale.

buildup buildups n
accumulation affluence
An accumulation; an increase; a gradual development.

built-in /ˈbɪltɪn/ adj
encastré
Constructed as a non-detachable part of a larger structure.
intrinsèque
Being an essential and permanent part of something.
incorporé
Being an included feature that normally comes as an extra.

built-in function built-in functions n
fonction intégrée
(computing) Any function that is provided as part of a high-level language and can be executed by a simple reference with specification of arguments

buisine buisines n
buisine
(musical instruments, historical) A medieval wind instrument with a very long, straight and slender body, usually made of metal.

bulb /ˈbʌb/ /ˈbʌlb/ bulbs n
bulbe
A light bulb (not necessarily bulbous in shape).
Any solid object rounded at one end and tapering on the other, possibly attached to a larger object at the tapered end.

bulbous /ˈboʊlbəs/ /ˈbʌlbəs/ more bulbous most bulbous adj
bulbeux
Having the shape of or resembling a bulb, bloated.
(botany) Growing from a bulb or producing bulbs.

bulbul /ˈbʊlbʊl/ bulbuls n
bulbul
Any of several passerine songbirds, of the family Pycnonotidae (currently, 27 genera recognized), native to Africa and parts of Asia, sometimes known as the ‘nightingale of the East’.

bulge /bʊld͡ʒ/ /bʌldʒ/ /bʌld͡ʒ/ bulges n
bombement protubérance bosse
Something sticking out from a surface; a swelling, protuberant part; a bending outward, especially when caused by pressure.

bulge /bʊld͡ʒ/ /bʌldʒ/ /bʌld͡ʒ/ v
bomber déformer
(intransitive) To stick out from (a surface).

bulgogi /bʊlˈɡoʊɡiː/ n
bulgogi
A Korean dish of shredded (usually marinated) beef with vegetables.

bulgur /ˈbʊl.ɡɚ/ /ˈbʌl.ɡɚ/ bulgurs n
boulghour boulgour
Wheat grains that have been steamed, dried, and crushed; a staple of Middle Eastern cooking.

bulimia /bjuˈlimi.ə/ /bjuˈlɪmi.ə/ /buˈlimi.ə/ /buˈlɪmi.ə/ bulimias n
boulimie
(pathology) A chronic eating disorder characterized by a binge-and-purge cycle: extreme overeating followed by self-induced vomiting.

bulimic /bjʊˈliːmɪk/ /bjʊˈlɪmɪk/ /bəˈliːmɪk/ /bəˈlɪmɪk/ more bulimic most bulimic adj
boulimique
Suffering from bulimia nervosa.
Of, or relating to, bulimia nervosa.

bulimic /bjʊˈliːmɪk/ /bjʊˈlɪmɪk/ /bəˈliːmɪk/ /bəˈlɪmɪk/ bulimics n
boulimique
A person suffering from bulimia nervosa.

bulk /bʌlk/ bulks n
grosseur
Size, specifically, volume.
ensemble gros
The major part of something.
vrac
(uncountable, transport) Unpackaged goods when transported in large volumes, e.g. coal, ore or grain.

bulk carrier bulk carriers n
transporteur de vrac vracquier vraquier
(nautical) Any ocean-going cargo vessel (merchant ship) designed to carry unpackaged bulk cargo, such as grains, coal, ore, steel coils and cement, in its holds.

bulkhead /ˈbʌlk.hɛd/ bulkheads n
cloison
(nautical) A vertical partition dividing the hull into separate compartments; often made watertight to prevent excessive flooding if the ship's hull is breached.
(aerospace) A similar partition in an aircraft or spacecraft.

bulky /ˈbʌlki/ bulkier bulkiest adj
volumineux corpulent gros
Being large in size, mass, or volume; big, fat or muscular
encombrant
Unwieldy.

bulky waste bulky wastes n
encombrant objets encombrants
A waste type that is too large to be accepted by the regular waste collection.

bull /ˈbʊl/ adj
mâle
(attributive, of large mammals) Adult male.

bull /ˈbʊl/ bulls n
bulle sceau
A seal affixed to a document, especially a document from the Pope.
bêtises
(euphemistic, informal) Nonsense.
taureau
Any adult male bovine.
A large, strong man.
(finance) An investor who buys (commodities or securities) in anticipation of a rise in prices.
mâle taureau
An adult male of certain large mammals, such as whales, elephants, camels and seals.
cogne poulet bœuf chien vache
(US, slang) A policeman; a detective; a railroad security guard.

bull bar bull bars n
pare-buffle
(chiefly, Australia, NZ) A welded framework of metal bars at a vehicle's front, designed to protect it during collisions with animals, but often purchased as a fashion accessory.

bull elephant bull elephants n
mâle de l'éléphant éléphant mâle
A male elephant.

bull market bull markets n
marché haussier
(finance) A stock market where a majority of investors are buying ("bulls"), causing overall stock prices to rise.

bull ring bull rings n
arène
(bullfighting) The area in which bullfighting takes place.

bull run bull runs n
encierro
(bullfighting) An event in which people run with bulls in the streets.

bull shark bull sharks n
requin-bouledogue
A shark, Carcharhinus leucas, that is common in both temperate and tropical coastal waters.

bull terrier bull terriers n
bull terrier

bulldog /ˈbʊl.dɑɡ/ /ˈbʊl.dɒɡ/ /ˈbʊl.dɔɡ/ bulldogs n
bouledogue
A breed of dog developed in England by the crossing of the bullbaiting dog and the Pug to produce a ladies' companion dog, having a very smooth coat, a flattened face, wrinkly cheeks, powerful front legs, and smaller hind legs.

bulldog clip /ˈbʊldɒɡ ˈklɪp/ /ˈbʊlˌdɔɡ ˈklɪp/ bulldog clips n
pince à dessin
A binder clip with rigid handles.

bulldozer /ˈbʊldoʊzɚ/ bulldozers n
bulldozer
A tractor with an attached blade for pushing earth and building debris for coarse preliminary surface grading, demolishing building structures, etc.

bullet /ˈbʊl.ɪt/ bullets n
balle projectile
A projectile, usually of metal, shot from a gun at high speed.
(informal) An entire round of unfired ammunition for a firearm, including the projectile, the cartridge casing, the propellant charge, etc.
(figuratively) Anything that is projected extremely fast.
puce
(typography) A printed symbol in the form of a solid circle, “•”, often used to mark items in a list.

bullet point bullet points n
puce
The symbol, typically a solid circle, that marks each item in a bulleted list.

bullet time n
bullet time
(film, video games) A visual effect in which the camera pans around a slowed-down object, such as a flying bullet.

bullet train bullet trains n
shinkansen train à grande vitesse (TGV)
A Shinkansen train; a Japanese high-speed rail train.

bulleted list bulleted lists n
liste à puces
A list whose items start with the typographical bullet, that is •, or with other symbols other than numbers.

bulletin /ˈ bʊl.ə.tən/ /ˈ bʊl.ə.tɪn/ /ˈ bʊl.əʔ.n̩/ /ˈ bʊl.ɪ.tɪn/ bulletins n
bulletin
A time-sensitive news item or short news report.
A short printed publication, especially one produced regularly by an organization.

bulletin board bulletin boards n
panneau d'affichage
A board on which messages may be posted, especially one in a public space.

bulletin board system bulletin board systems n
système babillard electronique
(computing, historical) A type of computer system, now largely obsolete, used to exchange messages and data over a telecommunications network.

bulletproof /bʊl.ɪtpɹuːf/ more bulletproof most bulletproof adj
pare-balle blindé
(of a material) Capable of withstanding a direct shot by a bullet fired from a gun.
inattaquable infaillible à toute épreuve
(idiomatic) Reliable, infallible, sturdy or error-tolerant.

bulletproof vest /bʊl.ɪtpɹuːf vɛst/ bulletproof vests n
gilet pare-balles
A garment worn over the torso that protects against projectiles.

bullfight bullfights n
corrida

bullfighter bullfighters n
matador torero toréador toréro
One who engages in bullfighting; a toreador or matador.

bullfighting bullfightings n
corrida tauromachie

bullfinch bullfinches n
bouvreuil pivoine bouvreuil
The Eurasian bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula).

bullfrog /ˈbʊlfrɒɡ/ /ˈbʊlfɹɑɡ/ /ˈbʊlfɹɔɡ/ bullfrogs n
grenouille-taureau ouaouaron
Any of various frogs having a croak that resembles the bellow of a cow or bull.

bullion /ˈbʊl.jən/ bullions n
lingot
A bulk quantity of precious metal, usually gold or silver, assessed by weight and typically cast as ingots.

bullionism n
bullionisme
(economics, historical) An economic theory that defines wealth by the amount of precious metals owned; a primitive form of mercantilism.

bullish more bullish most bullish adj
haussier
(stock market, of the price of financial instruments) Characterized by rising value.

bullock /ˈbʊlək/ bullocks n
bouvillon taurillon
(archaic) A young bull.
bœuf
A castrated bull; an ox.

bullpen bullpens n
toril
An enclosed area used to hold bulls.

bullroarer bullroarers n
rhombe
A ritual musical instrument and means of communicating over extended distances, consisting of a slat of wood tied to the end of a thong or string, with which the slat is whirled so as to cause an intermittent roaring noise.

bullseye /ˈbʊlzaɪ/ interjection
dans le mille
A cry when someone hits the bullseye of a target.

bullseye /ˈbʊlzaɪ/ bullseyes n
mille mouche
A shot which hits the centre of a target.
hublot
(nautical, obsolete) Thick glass set into the side of a ship to let in light.
cul-de-bouteille
The central part of a crown glass disk, with concentric ripple effect.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ interjection
ben voyons mon cul mon œil n'importe quoi tu parles
(vulgar, slang) An expression of disbelief at what one has just heard.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ n
baratin conneries foutaises n’importe quoi pipeau
(vulgar, slang, usual sense) Statements that are false or exaggerated to impress or cheat the listener.
conneries foutaises n’importe quoi
(vulgar, slang) Statements that are transparently or offensively false.

bullshit /ˈbʊlʃɪt/ v
baratiner dire des conneries exagérer
(ambitransitive, vulgar, slang) To tell lies, exaggerate; to mislead; to deceive.
blablater
(intransitive, vulgar, slang) To have casual conversation with no real point; to shoot the breeze.

bullshitter bullshitters n
baratineur marchand de tapis menteur menteuse
(vulgar) Someone who lies or exaggerates a lot, especially in order to get noticed.

bully /ˈbʊli/ bullier bulliest adj
génial top
(US, slang) Very good.

bully /ˈbʊli/ interjection
bravo
(often, followed by for) Well done!

bully /ˈbʊli/ bullies n
brimeur brute tyran
A person who is intentionally physically or emotionally cruel to others, especially to those whom they perceive as being vulnerable or of less power or privilege. [from late 17th c.]

bully /ˈbʊli/ v
intimider
(transitive) To intimidate (someone) as a bully.
maltraiter harceler terroriser tourmenter tyranniser
(transitive) To act aggressively towards.

bullying /ˈbʊl.i.ɪŋ/ bullyings n
harcèlement
An act of intimidating a person to do something, especially such repeated coercion.
Persistent acts intended to make life unpleasant for another person.

bulrush bulrushes n
jonc scirpe
(AU) Any of various reed-like plants growing near water, especially Typha domingensis and Typha orientalis; cumbungi, wonga. [from 18th c.]

bulwark /ˈbʊl.wək/ /ˈbʊl.wɚk/ bulwarks n
rempart
A defensive wall or rampart.
bastion rempart
A defense or safeguard.
bastingage pavois
(nautical) The planking or plating along the sides of a nautical vessel above her gunwale that reduces the likelihood of seas washing over the gunwales and people being washed overboard.

bum /bʌm/ bums n
fesses cul
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The buttocks.
vagabond
(colloquial, derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man.
(colloquial, derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man.
(colloquial) A drinking spree.
cul trou du cul
(informal, _, or, _, childish, chiefly, Commonwealth) The anus.
tocard vagabond
(colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly.

bum /bʌm/ v
taper
(transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something.
glander glandouiller
(intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond.

bum rap bum raps n
affabulation mytho
(slang) A false accusation, or an injustice, especially one that leads to imprisonment.

bum's rush bum's rushes n
course à l'échalote débarquement
(chiefly, North America, slang, idiomatic) Forcible ejection of someone, such as a bum (hobo), from an establishment.

bumblebee /ˈbʌmbl̩bi/ bumblebees n
bourdon
Any of several species of large bee in the genus Bombus.

bumf /bʌmf/ n
paperasse
(pejorative) Useless papers; now especially official documents, standardized forms, sales and marketing print material, etc.

bumfuck bumfucks n
Pétaouchnok au diable Vauvert nulle part trou trou du cul du monde
(vulgar, _, slang, derogatory) An isolated place far removed from major cities.

bumfuck nowhere pn
Macapète Trou-en-Cambrousse au milieu de nulle part bled trou du cul du monde
(vulgar) The middle of nowhere; a nondescript, isolated, and underdeveloped locale whose precise location may be difficult to ascertain.

bummer /ˈbʌ.mɚ/ interjection
déception flop
(colloquial) Exclamation of annoyance or frustration at a bummer (disappointment).

bump /bʌmp/ [bɐm̥p] bumps n
bourrade
A light blow or jolting collision.
boum
The sound of such a collision.
(card games) In the game of khanhoo, the act of claiming a newly discarded card when it is not one's turn, permitted when one can use the card to form a meld other than a sequence.
bosse saillie
A protuberance on a level surface.
bosse
A swelling on the skin caused by illness or injury.
(obsolete) One of the protuberances on the cranium which, in phrenology, are associated with distinct faculties or affections of the mind. Also (dated, metonymically) the faculty itself
ballon
The swollen abdomen of a pregnant woman.

bump /bʌmp/ [bɐm̥p] v
heurter
To knock against or run into with a jolt.
(transitive) To move (a booked passenger) to a later flight because of earlier delays or cancellations.

bump up v
faire un bond
(transitive, idiomatic) To increase something suddenly.
promouvoir
(transitive, idiomatic) To promote a person to a higher grade.
avancer
(transitive, idiomatic) To give a more prominent place to; to advance position in queue.

bumper /ˈbʌmpə(ɹ)/ bumpers n
pare-chocs pare-choc
(automotive) Parts at the front and back of a vehicle which are meant to absorb the impact of a collision; fender.
heurtoir
Any mechanical device used to absorb an impact, soften a collision, or protect against impact.
bande
(billiards) A side wall of a pool table.

bumper car bumper cars n
auto tamponneuse
A small electric-powered vehicle encircled with a rubber bumper, used in an amusement ride.

bumpkin /ˈbʌmpkɪn/ bumpkins n
plouc péquenaud manant
A clumsy, unsophisticated person; a yokel.

bumpy /ˈbʌmpi/ bumpier bumpiest adj
accidenté
rough; jumpy; causing or characterized by jolts and irregular movements

bun /bʌn/ buns n
petit pain
A small bread roll that is sweetened or spiced.
chignon
A tight roll of hair worn at the back of the head.
biture
(Britain, slang) A drunken spree.

bunch /bʌntʃ/ /bʌnt͡ʃ/ /bʌnʃ/ bunches n
grappe botte bouquet groupe
A group of similar things, either growing together, or in a cluster or clump, usually fastened together.
bande peloton
An informal body of friends.
javelle
(forestry) A group of logs tied together for skidding.
mouche nid poche poche de minerai poche minéralisée
(geology, mining) An unusual concentration of ore in a lode or a small, discontinuous occurrence or patch of ore in the wallrock.
réserve
(textiles) The reserve yarn on the filling bobbin to allow continuous weaving between the time of indication from the midget feeler until a new bobbin is put in the shuttle.
poupe poupée
(smoking) An unfinished cigar, before the wrapper leaf is added.
grappe paquet tas
A protuberance; a hunch; a knob or lump; a hump.

bunch /bʌntʃ/ /bʌnt͡ʃ/ /bʌnʃ/ v
empiler grouper mettre en banc mettre en masse
(transitive) To gather into a bunch.

bunch of fives bunches of fives n
bugne pain patate pêche
(British, slang) A punch; a blow with the fist.

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ bundles n
amas ballot baluchon liasse
faisceau fagot
A group of objects held together by wrapping or tying.
paquet
A package wrapped or tied up for carrying.
(informal) A large amount, especially of money.

bundle /ˈbʌnd(ə)l/ v
lier
(transitive) To tie or wrap together into a bundle.
se dépêcher
(intransitive) To hurry.

bundt cake bundt cakes n
kouglof
A ring-shaped cake, of German origin, baked in a decorative, often fluted, mould.

bung /ˈbʌŋ/ bungs n
bonde bondon bouchon
(obsolete, slang) A sharper or pickpocket.

bung /ˈbʌŋ/ v
bondonner boucher
(transitive) To batter, bruise; to cause to bulge or swell.

bung-hole /ˈbʌŋˌhoʊl/ /ˈbʌŋˌhəʊl/ bung-holes n
boîte à caca coupe-cigare trou de balle œil de bronze
(vulgar, slang) The anus.

bungee /ˈbʌn.d͡ʒi/ bungees n
sandow tendeur
An elastic fabric-bound strap with a hook at each end, used for securing luggage.

bungee jump bungee jumps n
saut à l’élastique
An instance of bungee jumping.

bungee jump v
sauter à l’élastique
(intransitive) To participate in bungee jumping.

bungee jumper bungee jumpers n
sauteur à l'élastique sauteuse à l'élastique
A person who participates in bungee jumping.

bungee jumping n
saut à l’élastique
The activity of jumping from a great height with an elasticated cord attached to the ankles.

bungee rope bungee ropes n
élastique élastique de saut
A long elastic cord tied around the ankles of the jumper in bungee jumping.

bungle /ˈbʌŋɡ(ə)l/ v
foirer rater
(transitive) To incompetently perform (a task); to ruin (something) through incompetent action; to botch up, to bumble.

bungler bunglers n
bousilleur bousilleuse
Someone who makes mistakes because of incompetence.

bunion /ˈbʌnjən/ bunions n
oignon
(pathology) A bump or bulge on the first joint of the big toe caused by the swelling of a sac of fluid under the skin.

bunk /bʌŋk/ bunks n
couchette
One of a series of berths or beds placed in tiers.
(nautical) A built-in bed on board ship, often erected in tiers one above the other.

bunk /bʌŋk/ v
buissonner faire l’école buissonnière
(British) To fail to attend school or work without permission; to play truant (usually as in 'to bunk off').

bunk bed bunk beds n
lits superposés lit superposé
Two or more beds fixed on top of one another, so that one person can sleep in each bunk at a different height.

bunker /ˈbʌŋk.əː/ /ˈbʌŋk.ɚ/ bunkers n
bunker
(military) A hardened shelter, often partly buried or fully underground, designed to protect the inhabitants from falling bombs or other attacks.
(nautical) A compartment for storing coal for the ship's boilers; or a tank for storing fuel oil for the ship's engines.

bunny /ˈbʌni/ bunnies n
lapereau
(especially, used with children) A rabbit, especially a juvenile one.

bunny girl bunny girls n
bunny girl
(slang) A club hostess or other female entertainer wearing a sexually provocative outfit with rabbit-like ears and tail.

bunt bunts n
amorti
(baseball, softball) A ball that has been intentionally hit softly so as to be difficult to field, sometimes with a hands-spread batting stance or with a close-hand, choked-up hand position. No swinging action is involved.

bunting /ˈbʌntɪŋ/ buntings n
banderole
Strips of material used as festive decoration, especially in the colours of the national flag.
bruant
Any of various songbirds, mostly of the genus Emberiza, having short bills and brown or gray plumage.

buoy /ˈbu.i/ /ˈbwɔɪ/ /ˈbɔɪ/ buoys n
bouée balise flotteur
(nautical) A float moored in water to mark a location, warn of danger, indicate a navigational channel or for other purposes

buoy /ˈbu.i/ /ˈbwɔɪ/ /ˈbɔɪ/ v
surnager
(transitive) To keep afloat or aloft; used with up.

buoy up v
encourager
(idiomatic, transitive, figurative) To uplift, hearten, inspire, or raise the spirits of.

buoyancy /ˈbɔɪ.ən.si/ buoyancies n
flottabilité poussée d'Archimède
(physics) The upward force on a body immersed or partly immersed in a fluid.

buoyant /ˈbɔɪ.ənt/ more buoyant most buoyant adj
flottable flottant
Having buoyancy; able to float.
gai joyeux léger
(figuratively) Lighthearted and lively.

bupleurum bupleurums n
buplèvre
Any of the genus Bupleurum of apiaceous plants.

bur oak bur oaks n
chêne à gros fruits
Quercus macrocarpa.

bur-reed bur-reeds n
rubanier
A group (genus Sparganium) of widespread flowering perennial marsh plants widespread in wet areas in temperate regions.

burbot /ˈbɜ(ɹ).bət/ burbots n
lotte lote
A freshwater fish, taxonomic name Lota lota, which is similar to the ling and the cusk and spawns in the winter.

burden /ˈbɜːdn̩/ /ˈbɝdn̩/ burdens n
fardeau charge
A heavy load.
fardeau
A responsibility, onus.
A cause of worry; that which is grievous, wearisome, or oppressive.

burden of proof burdens of proof n
charge de la preuve
(legal) The duty of a party in a legal proceeding to prove an assertion of fact; it includes both the burden of production and the burden of persuasion; the onus probandi.
(epistemology) The obligation of the person making a claim in a dispute to provide sufficient evidence for their position.

burdensome /ˈbəː.dən.səm/ /ˈbɝ.dən.səm/ more burdensome most burdensome adj
ardu pénible casse-cul chiant emmerdant fastidieux
Characteristic of a burden; arduous or demanding

burdock /ˈbɜːdɒk/ /ˈbɝːdɑːk/ burdocks n
bardane
Any of the species of biennial thistles in the genus Arctium.

bureau /ˈbjʊ.ɹoʊ/ /ˈbjʊ.ɹə/ /ˈbjʊ.ɹəʊ/ bureaus bureaux n
bureau
An administrative unit of government; office.
bureau agence
An office (room where clerical or professional duties are performed).
bureau secrétaire
(chiefly, British) A desk, usually with a cover and compartments that are located above the level of the writing surface rather than underneath, and often used for storing papers.
commode chiffonnier
(US) A chest of drawers for clothes.

bureau de change /ˈbjʊəɹ.əʊ.dəˌʃɒ̃ʒ/ bureau de changes bureaus de change bureaux de change n
bureau de change
(UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) A place where foreign currency can be exchanged.

bureaucracy /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹəsi/ /bjʊˈɹɑːkɹəsi/ bureaucracies n
bureaucratie
Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
(business, organizational theory) A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
The body of officers and administrators, especially of a government.
(chiefly, derogatory) Excessive red tape and routine in any administration, body or behaviour.

bureaucrat /ˈbjʊəɹəkɹæt/ /ˈbjʊɹəkɹæt/ bureaucrats n
bureaucrate
An official who is part of a bureaucracy.

bureaucratese n
langue de bois
(informal, pejorative) A style of language, used by bureaucrats, that involves jargon or euphemism to the detriment of broader understanding.

bureaucratically more bureaucratically most bureaucratically adv
bureaucratiquement
In a bureaucratic manner.

bureaucratize /bjʊəˈɹɒkɹətʌɪz/ v
bureaucratiser
(transitive) To bring under the control of a bureaucracy; to make bureaucratic.

burette /bjʊəˈɹɛt/ /bjʊˈɹɛt/ burettes n
burette
(chemistry) A glass tube with fine gradations and a stopcock at the bottom, used in laboratory procedures for accurate fluid dispensing and titration.

burg burgs n
bourg
(historical) A fortified town in medieval Europe.

burgee burgees n
guidon
A flag, usually a broad tapering pennant, often with a swallowtail, flown by yachts to identify the owner's yacht club.

burgeon /ˈbɜː.d͡ʒən/ /ˈbɝː.d͡ʒən/ burgeons n
bourgeon
(obsolete) A bud, sprout, shoot.

burgeon /ˈbɜː.d͡ʒən/ /ˈbɝː.d͡ʒən/ v
croître
(intransitive) To grow or expand.
bourgeonner
(intransitive) To swell to the point of bursting.
bourgeonner fleurir
(intransitive, archaic) Of plants, to bloom, bud.

burger /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡɚ/ burgers n
burger
(informal) A hamburger.

burger sauce burger sauces n
sauce pour burger tartinade pour burger

burgher /ˈbɜː(ɹ)ɡə(ɹ)/ burghers n
bourgeois bourgeoise citadin citadine
A citizen of a borough or town, especially one belonging to the middle class.
bourgeois
A prosperous member of the community; a middle class citizen (may connote complacency).

burglar /ˈbɜːɡlə(ɹ)/ /ˈbɝɡlɚ/ burglars n
cambrioleur cambrioleuse

burglary /ˈbɜː.ɡlə.ɹi/ /ˈbɝ.ɡlɚ.i/ burglaries n
cambriolage
(law) Under the common law, breaking and entering of the dwelling of another at night with the intent to commit a felony.
The crime of unlawfully breaking into a vehicle, house, store, or other enclosure with the intent to steal.

burgle /ˈbɜːɡl̩/ /ˈbɝɡl̩/ v
cambrioler
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) To commit burglary. [from 1867]

burgomaster /ˈbɜɹɡəmæstɚ/ burgomasters n
bourgmestre
The mayor, or head magistrate, of a town in the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and certain other countries.

burgonet /ˈbɜː.ɡəˌnɛt/ /ˈbɝ.ɡəˌnɛt/ /ˌbɜː.ɡəˈnɛt/ /ˌbɝ.ɡəˈnɛt/ burgonets n
bourguignotte
(historical) A light helmet worn by infantrymen, bearing a crest and hinged cheekpieces, but typically without a visor.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ more burgundy most burgundy adj
bordeaux bourgogne
Of a deep purple red color like that of Burgundy wine.

burgundy /ˈbɜ.ɡən.di/ /ˈbɝ.ɡən.di/ burgundies n
bordeaux bourgogne
(color) A dark red colour tinged with purple, like that of Burgundy (red) wine.

burial /ˈbɛɹiəl/ /ˈbɛɹɪəl/ /ˈbɝiəl/ burials n
enterrement inhumation ensevelissement sépulture
The act of burying; interment; placing remains into the earth

buried /ˈbɛ.ɹid/ more buried most buried adj
enseveli enterré
Placed in a grave at a burial.
enfoui enseveli
Concealed, hidden.

burka burkas n
burqa voile intégral
A Central Asian garment that covers the whole body, which has a net screen covering the eyes so they cannot be seen, and is worn by women.

burl /bɜːl/ /bɝl/ burls n
loupe
A tree growth in which the grain has grown in a deformed manner; a burr knot.
Wood of a mottled veneer, usually cut from such a growth.

burlak burlaki burlaks n
bourlak
(historical) Formerly in Russia, a man employed in dragging barges or ships upstream.

burlap /ˈbɜːlæp/ /ˈbɝlæp/ burlaps n
toile de jute étoffe grossière de chanvre
(US) A very strong, coarse cloth, made from jute, flax, or hemp, and used to make sacks, etc.

burlesque /bə(ɹ)ˈlɛsk/ more burlesque most burlesque adj
burlesque
(dated) Parodical; parodic

burlesque /bə(ɹ)ˈlɛsk/ burlesques n
parodie
A derisive art form that mocks by imitation; a parody.

burly /ˈbɜːli/ burlier burliest adj
costaud fort robuste solide
(usually, of a man) Large, well-built, and muscular.

burn /bɜːn/ /bɝn/ burns n
brûlure
A physical injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, radiation or caustic chemicals.
A sensation resembling such an injury.
brûlage
The act of burning something with fire.
gland
(slang) An effective insult, often in the expression sick burn (excellent or badass insult).

burn /bɜːn/ /bɝn/ v
brûler incendier passer au feu
(transitive) To cause to be consumed by fire.
brûler
(transitive) To overheat so as to make unusable.
(transitive) To waste (time); to waste money or other resources.
In certain games, to approach near to a concealed object which is sought.
surchauffer brûler
(intransitive) To become overheated to the point of being unusable.
brûler avoir
(transitive) To consume, damage, or change the condition of, as if by action of fire or heat; to affect as fire or heat does.
se consumer brûler
(intransitive) To be hot, e.g. due to embarrassment.
brûler griller incendier oxyder se consumer surchauffer
(chemistry, transitive) To cause to combine with oxygen or other active agent, with evolution of heat; to consume; to oxidize.
graver brûler
(transitive, computing) To write data to a permanent storage medium like a compact disc or a ROM chip.

burn down v
carboniser
(transitive) To cause (a structure) to burn to nothing.
se carboniser
(intransitive, of a structure) To burn completely, so that nothing remains.

burn one's bridges v
brûler ses vaisseaux brûler les ponts couper les ponts faire sauter les ponts
(idiomatic) To destroy one's path, connections, reputation, opportunities, etc., particularly intentionally.

burn one's fingers v
se tirer une balle dans le pied
(idiomatic) to harm oneself; to suffer consequences of one's actions.

burn out v
s'épuiser
(transitive) To cause (someone) to tire due to overwork; to cause (someone) to overwork to one's limit.

burn phone burn phones n
téléphone graveur
(informal) A cell phone bought anonymously with cash, used for only a short time and then thrown away, usually used as a means of conducting illegal business or harassment without being traceable to the purchaser.

burn the candle at both ends v
brûler la chandelle par les deux bouts
(idiomatic) To work hard night and day; to sleep late and wake up early; to overwork or overexert oneself.

burn the midnight oil v
bûcher
(idiomatic) To work studiously, especially late into the night.

burn-in n
burn-in
The phase preceding a burn-out in which a worker's productivity and engagement with their work declines.

burner /ˈbɜːnə/ /ˈbɝnɚ/ burners n
brûleur feu
An element on a kitchen stove that generates localized heat for cooking.
graveur
(computing) A device that allows data or music to be stored on a CDR or CD-ROM.

burnet /ˈbɚnət/ /ˈbɚnɪt/ /ˈbɜːnət/ /ˈbɜːnɪt/ burnets n
pimprenelle
Any of the herbs of genus Sanguisorba (syn. Poterium), including salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor), an herb used in salads and herbal teas.

burnet saxifrage n
petit boucage
Pimpinella saxifraga, a plant of the family Apiaceae.

burning /bɜːnɪŋ/ /bɝnɪŋ/ more burning most burning adj
ardent brûlant
So hot as to seem to burn (something).
brûlant
Feeling very hot.
ardent
Feeling great passion.

burning /bɜːnɪŋ/ /bɝnɪŋ/ burnings n
brûlage
A fire.

burning bush burning bushes n
buisson ardent
(Judaism, Christianity) A biblical object described in Exodus 3:1-22, used by Yahweh to communicate with Moses.

burnish /ˈbɜːnɪʃ/ /ˈbɝnɪʃ/ v
brunir fourbir
To make (something, such as a surface) bright, shiny, and smooth by, or (by extension) as if by, rubbing; to polish, to shine.

burnisher burnishers n
brunissoir
A tool used to burnish, for making smooth and shiny by rubbing.

burnishing burnishings n
brunissage

burnoose /bɜːˈnuːs/ /bɝˈnus/ burnooses n
burnous
A thick hooded cloak worn by Berbers and Arabs in Northwest Africa.

burnout /ˈbɜː(ɹ)naʊt/ burnouts n
surmenage burn-out syndrome d’épuisement professionnel
A person who has the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest.
burn
(automotive) Use of the throttle to spin the wheels of a vehicle being held stationary, causing the spinning tires to produce smoke and burn rubber.

burnt /bɜːnt/ /bɝnt/ more burnt most burnt adj
brûlé
(of food) Carbonised.

buro buros n
agence bureau
an office
bureau secrétaire
a desk, usually with a cover and compartments for storing papers etc. located above the level of the writing surface rather than underneath.

burp /bɜːp/ /bɝp/ burps n
rot éructation renvoi
(chiefly, _, US, Philippines) A belch.

burp /bɜːp/ /bɝp/ v
roter éructer faire un rot
(intransitive) To emit a burp.
faire son rot
(transitive) To cause someone (such as a baby) to burp.

burqini burqinis n
burkini
A head-to-toe swimsuit, enabling women to conform to the Islamic dress code when bathing on a public beach.

burr /bɝ/ burrs n
bardane
A bur; a seed pod with sharp features that stick in fur or clothing.
grasseyement
A uvular "r" sound, or (by extension) an accent characterized by this sound.
barbe
A small piece of material left on an edge after a cutting operation.

burr /bɝ/ v
grasseyer
(transitive) To pronounce with a uvular "r".

burrata /bəˈɹɑtə/ /bʊˈɹɑːtə/ burratas n
burrata
A fresh southern Italian cheese similar to creamy mozzarella.

burrito /bəˈɹi.toʊ/ /bəˈɹiː.təʊ/ /bʊˈriːtəʊ/ burritos n
burrito
A Mexican dish consisting of a flour tortilla wrapped around a filling of meat and/or beans, cheese etc.

burrow /ˈbɜɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˈbʌɹəʊ/ burrows n
terrier clapier
A tunnel or hole, often as dug by a small creature.

burrowing owl burrowing owls n
chevêche des terriers chouette des terriers

bursa /ˈbɜːsə/ /ˈbɝsə/ bursae bursæ n
bourse
(anatomy) Any of the many small fluid-filled sacs located at the point where a muscle or tendon slides across bone. These sacs serve to reduce friction between the two moving surfaces.

bursiform /ˈbəːsɪfɔːm/ /ˈbɝsɪfɔɹm/ more bursiform most bursiform adj
bursiforme
Shaped like a purse or bag.

bursitis bursitides bursitises n
bursite hygroma
(medicine) An inflammation of a bursa, most common in the shoulder, elbow or knee

burst /bɜːst/ /bɝst/ bursts n
explosion éclatement
An act or instance of bursting.

burst /bɜːst/ /bɝst/ v
éclater rompre briser faire éclater
(transitive) To cause to break from internal pressure.
briser rompre faire éclater
(transitive, obsolete) To cause to break by any means.

burst into flame v
prendre feu s'enflammer
To catch fire suddenly and unexpectedly.

burst into tears v
fondre en larmes éclater en sanglots
(idiomatic) To suddenly start crying or sobbing.

burst out laughing v
éclater de rire
(idiomatic, intransitive) To start laughing suddenly and intensely.

burst someone's bubble v
casser le morceau casser le mythe
(idiomatic) To disillusion; to disabuse someone of a false notion or rationalization that has grown comfortable.

bury /ˈbeəɹiː/ /ˈbeɹiː/ /ˈbɛɹ.i/ /ˈbɜː.ɹi/ /ˈbɝ.i/ /ˈbʊ.ɹi/ /ˈbʌ.ɹi/ v
enterrer ensevelir
(transitive) To ritualistically inter in a grave or tomb.
enterrer enfouir
(transitive) To place in the ground.
(transitive, often, figurative) To hide or conceal as if by covering with earth or another substance.

bury one's head in the sand v
faire l'autruche se voiler la face
(idiomatic) To deliberately ignore the reality of a situation; to pretend a problem does not exist.

bury the hatchet v
enterrer la hache de guerre
(US) To stop fighting or arguing; to reach an agreement, or at least a truce.

bus /bɐs/ /bɔs/ /bʊs/ /bʊz/ /bʌs/ buses busses n
bus autobus
(automotive) A motor vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads; by extension, the driver of said vehicle
bus
An electrical conductor or interface serving as a common connection for two or more circuits or components.

bus driver bus drivers n
chauffeur de bus
A person employed to drive buses.

bus lane bus lanes n
couloir de bus voie de bus
A traffic lane designated for the use of buses.

bus rapid transit bus rapid transits n
bus à haut niveau de service service rapide par bus
(transport) A form of rapid transit using buses, which have dedicated rights-of-way or laneways, purpose-built bus stations, and dedicated traffic signalling.

bus route bus routes n
ligne de bus
The set route taken by a bus service.

bus shelter bus shelters n
abribus
A building or other structure constructed at a bus stop, to provide seating and protection from the weather for the convenience of waiting passengers.

bus station bus stations n
gare routière
A major bus stop, one that serves as a transfer point between a large number of routes.

bus stop bus stops n
arrêt de bus
A place where public transport buses stop to allow passengers to board or leave.

busbar busbars n
barre omnibus jeu de barres
An electrical conductor that carries a large current, especially one that is part of a power distribution system; typically a thick strip, or a tube, of copper or aluminium.

bush /bʊʃ/ bushes n
buisson arbrisseau
(horticulture) A woody plant distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and lower height, being usually less than six metres tall; a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category.
brousse cambrousse maquis
(Australia) The countryside area of Australia that is less arid and less remote than the outback; loosely, areas of natural flora even within conurbations.
(often with "the") Tracts of land covered in natural vegetation that are largely undeveloped and uncultivated.
persil toison touffe
(slang, vulgar) A person's pubic hair, especially a woman's.

bush dog bush dogs n
chien des buissons
A wild canine animal (Speothos venaticus), found in Central and South America.

bush hammer bush hammers n
boucharde
A square-headed hammer with spikes used in stoneworking to either even the surface before polishing, or give it a pockmarked and weathered aspect.

bush pig bush pigs n
potamochère
An African pig of the genus Potamochoerus; Potamochoerus porcus or Potamochoerus larvatus.

bush pilot bush pilots n
pilote de brousse
(chiefly, Canada, AU, New Guinea) A pilot who flies small aircraft to and from remote locations, over expanses of relatively unpopulated territory.

bushed /bʊʃt/ adj
crevé
(informal) Very tired; exhausted.

bushel /ˈbʊʃəl/ bushels n
boisseau
A vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in measuring; a bushel measure.

bushing /ˈbʊʃ.ɪŋ/ bushings n
coussinet
(mechanical engineering) A type of bearing, a cylindrical lining designed to reduce friction and wear inside a hole, often used as a casing for a shaft, pin or hinge.

bushman bushmen n
broussard

bushranger bushrangers n
forçat réfugié dans la brousse
(Australia, historical) A convict or outlaw who escapes to the bush to avoid capture; a roving bandit who lives in the bush.

business /ˈbɪd.nəs/ /ˈbɪd.nəz/ /ˈbɪz.nəs/ /ˈbɪz.nəz/ /ˈbɪz.nɪs/ /ˈbɪz.nɪz/ businesses n
entreprise firme compagnie
(countable) A specific commercial enterprise or establishment.
affaire
(countable) A person's occupation, work, or trade.
(uncountable) Commercial, industrial, or professional activity.

business analyst business analysts n
analyste d'affaires
(business, operations) A person who analyzes the operations of an organization in order to develop a solution to its problems.

business as usual n
comme si de rien n'était
(idiomatic) The normal course of an activity, particularly in circumstances that are out of the ordinary.

business card business cards n
carte de visite
A small card with a person's name and professional information (such as occupation, business phone number, e-mail address, etc.).

business class n
classe affaires
A high-quality class of travelling (especially in airlines), higher than economy class or budget, lower than first class.

business intelligence n
informatique décisionnelle
A set of techniques and tools for the acquisition and transformation of raw data into meaningful and useful information for business analysis purposes.

business is business phraseologicalUnit
les affaires sont les affaires
business matters shouldn't be influenced by friendship or sentiment

business park business parks n
zone d’activité
An area of land consisting solely of commercial buildings and enterprises, as opposed to industrial or residential concerns.

business partner business partners n
associé
A partner in a business context (as opposed to a partner in the sense of a personal relationship).

business plan business plans n
business plan plan d'affaires
(business) A summary of how a business owner, manager, or entrepreneur intends to organize an entrepreneurial endeavor and implement activities necessary and sufficient for the venture to succeed.

business trip business trips n
voyage d'affaires
Travel for business purposes, often paid for at least partially by the employer.

businessman /ˈbɪznəsmæn/ /ˈbɪznəsmən/ /ˈbɪznɪsmən/ businessmen n
homme d'affaires
A man in business, one who works at a commercial institution.

businessperson businesspeople businesspersons n
femme d'affaires homme d'affaires personne d'affaires
A person in business, or one who works at a commercial institution.

businesswoman businesswomen n
femme d'affaires businesswoman
A woman involved in business.

busk /bʌsk/ busks n
busc
A strip of metal, whalebone, wood, or other material, worn in the front of a corset to stiffen it.

busker /ˈbʌskə/ /ˈbʌskɚ/ buskers n
artiste de rue
A person who makes money by passing the hat (soliciting donations) while entertaining the public (often by playing a musical instrument) on the streets or in other public area such as a park or market.

bust /ˈbʌst/ busts n
arrestation
(slang) The act of arresting someone for a crime, or raiding a suspected criminal operation.
buste
A sculptural portrayal of a person's head and shoulders.
The breasts and upper thorax of a woman.
bide fiasco
(slang) A failed enterprise; a bomb.

bust /ˈbʌst/ v
arrêter attraper
(transitive, slang) To arrest (someone) for a crime.
choper gauler pincer prendre la main dans le sac prendre sur le fait
(transitive, slang) To catch (someone) in the act of doing something wrong, socially and morally inappropriate, or illegal, especially when being done in a sneaky or secretive state.
éclater
(snowboarding) An emphatic synonym of do or get.
bouziller niquer péter
(transitive, slang) To break in (a woman or girl), To deflower
(intransitive, slang) To ejaculate; to eject semen or to squirt.

bust one's ass v
se casser le cul
(slang, North America, vulgar) To work very hard, to put in a lot of effort.

bust one's butt v
se casser le cul
(slang, North America) To work exceptionally hard.

bust someone's balls v
briser les couilles casser les couilles les briser les casser
(slang, vulgar) To give someone a hard time, whether by playfully teasing or sincerely harassing them.

bustard /ˈbʌs.təd/ /ˈbʌs.tɚd/ bustards n
outarde
Any of several large terrestrial birds of the family Otididae that inhabit dry open country and steppes in the Old World.

busted /ˈbʌstəd/ more busted most busted adj
fauché
(slang) Broke; having no money.
pincé pris la main dans le sac pris sur le fait
(slang) Caught in the act of doing something one shouldn't do.
bouzillé
(slang) Broken.

buster busters n
pote
(colloquial, variously expressing familiarity, admiration, or hostility) A form of address, particularly of men: guy, dude, fella, mack, buddy, loser. (Originally as 'old buster.)

bustier /ˈbuːstiɚ/ bustiers n
bustier
A tight-fitting women's top, often strapless, with covers the bust and sometimes extends over the belly, worn either as an undergarment or as outerwear.

bustle /ˈbʌsəl/ bustles n
affairement agitation branlebas remue-ménage
(countable, uncountable) An excited activity; a stir.
tournure
(historical, countable) A frame worn underneath a woman's skirt, typically only protruding from the rear as opposed to the earlier more circular hoops.

bustle /ˈbʌsəl/ v
affairer
To move busily and energetically with fussiness (often followed by about).
activer
To teem or abound (usually followed by with); to exhibit an energetic and active abundance (of a thing).

bustling more bustling most bustling adj
animé trépidant
Busy; full of energy and noisy activity.

busty /ˈbʌsti/ bustier bustiest adj
plantureuse pulpeux à la poitrine planteuse
Having large breasts.

busy /ˈbɪzi/ busier busiest adj
occupé
Crowded with business or activities; having a great deal going on.
Engaged in activity or by someone else.

busy /ˈbɪzi/ v
livrer
(transitive, usually reflexive) To make somebody busy or active; to occupy.

busy work n
bassotage
(idiomatic, chiefly, US) Work or activity performed with the intention or result of occupying time, and not necessarily to accomplish something productive; routine work of low priority undertaken for the sake of avoiding idleness.

busybody busybodies n
touche-à-tout fouine fouineur mêle-tout
Someone who interferes with others; one who is nosy, intrusive or meddlesome.

but /bət/ /bʊt/ /bʌt/ [bɐt] conjunction
mais cependant
However, although, nevertheless, on the other hand (introducing a clause contrary to prior belief or in contrast with the preceding clause or sentence).
(obsolete) Except with; unless with; without.
sauf en dehors de
Except that (introducing a subordinate clause which qualifies a negative statement); also, with omission of the subject of the subordinate clause, acting as a negative relative, "except one that", "except such that".
que seulement
(obsolete) Only; solely; merely.

but me no buts phraseologicalUnit
il n'y a pas de mais qui tienne
Used to cut off objections or qualifications.

butadiene butadienes n
butadiène
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, CH2=CH-CH=CH2; it is obtained from petroleum and is used in the preparation of the synthetic rubber polybutadiene.

butane /ˈbjuːteɪn/ butanes n
butane
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon (either of the two isomers of C4H10 n-butane, and 2-methyl-propane) found in gaseous petroleum fractions.

butanol butanols n
butanol
butan-1-ol or n-butanol or butyl alcohol - CH3(CH2)3-OH

butanone butanones n
butanone
(organic compound) A simple aliphatic ketone, CH3CH2COCH3, prepared industrially as a solvent, for use in the manufacture of paints etc.

butch /bʊt͡ʃ/ butcher butchest more butch most butch adj
hommasse
(slang, originally, _, Polari) Very masculine, with a masculine appearance or attitude.

butch /bʊt͡ʃ/ butches n
camionneuse gouine hommasse
(slang, LGBT, countable) A lesbian who appears masculine or acts in a masculine manner.

butcher /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ɚ/ butchers n
boucher bouchère
A person who prepares and sells meat (and sometimes also slaughters the animals).

butcher /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʊt͡ʃ.ɚ/ v
abattre
(transitive) To slaughter (animals) and prepare (meat) for market.
(transitive) To kill brutally.
charcuter
(transitive) To ruin (something), often to the point of defamation.

butcher block butcher blocks n
billot
A style of assembled wood (often sugar maple, teak, or walnut) used as heavy duty chopping blocks, table tops, and cutting boards.

butcher's /ˈbʊtʃə(ɹ)z/ n
boucherie
(UK) A butcher’s shop

butcherbird butcherbirds n
cassican
Any of the magpie-like birds in the genus Cracticus, family Artamidae, of Australia and New Guinea.

butchershop butchershops n
boucherie
A butcher's shop; a store that sells meat.

butene butenes n
butène
(chemistry) Any of several forms of butylene.

butler /ˈbʌt.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈbʌt.lɚ/ butlers n
sommelier
A manservant having charge of wines and liquors.
majordome
The chief male servant of a household who has charge of other employees, receives guests, directs the serving of meals, and performs various personal services.

butt /bʊt/ /bʌt/ butts n
crosse
(countable) The larger or thicker end of something; the blunt end, in distinction from the sharp or narrow end
The end of a firearm opposite to that from which a bullet is fired.
cul derrière
(slang) The whole buttocks and pelvic region that includes one's private parts.
mégot
(US) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.
(usually as "butt of (a) joke") A person at whom ridicule, jest, or contempt is directed.

butt crack butt cracks n
raie entrefesse
(US, vulgar, slang) The gluteal cleft.

butt heads v
ne pas se mouiller
(idiomatic) To argue uncompromisingly.

butt in v
ramener sa fraise s’incruster
(idiomatic, informal) To join a conversation or situation in which one is not welcome or invited; to interject (connotes a rude or discourteous interruption).

butt plug /ˈbʌtplʌɡ/ butt plugs n
plug
(slang, vulgar) A sex toy designed for insertion into the anus and rectum.

butt-fucking adj
anal
(North America, slang, vulgar) Engaging in anal sex

butte /ˈbjuːt/ /ˈbʌt/ buttes n
butte
(US) An isolated hill with steep sides and a flat top.

butter /ˈbatə/ /ˈbʊtə/ /ˈbʌtə/ /ˈbʌtəɹ/ /ˈbʌtɚ/ [ˈbaɾa] [ˈbɐtʰə] [ˈbʌɾɚ] [ˈbʌʔɚ] butters n
beurre
A soft, fatty foodstuff made by churning the cream of milk (generally cow's milk).
Any of various foodstuffs made from other foods or oils, similar in consistency to, eaten like or intended as a substitute for butter (preceded by the name of the food used to make it).

butter /ˈbatə/ /ˈbʊtə/ /ˈbʌtə/ /ˈbʌtəɹ/ /ˈbʌtɚ/ [ˈbaɾa] [ˈbɐtʰə] [ˈbʌɾɚ] [ˈbʌʔɚ] v
beurrer
(transitive) To spread butter on.
(skiing, snowboarding) To move one's weight backwards or forwards onto the tips or tails of one's skis or snowboard so only the tip or tail is in contact with the snow. Similar to applying butter to bread with then end of a butterknife.

butter dish butter dishes n
beurrier
A specialised dish for serving butter. It typically has a base with a separate fitting lid with its own handle.

butter knife butter knives n
couteau à beurre
A non-serrated or unilaterally serrated table knife with a dull edge and rounded point, designed for spreading butter on a piece of bread without tearing it.

butter one's bread on both sides v
vouloir [[le beurre et l'argent du beurre]]
(idiomatic) To profit from two things at the same time, especially when those things seem contradictory or incompatible.

butter up v
caresser dans le sens du poil flatter
(transitive, figuratively, informal) To flatter, especially with the intent of personal gain.

butter wouldn't melt in someone's mouth phraseologicalUnit
on lui donnerait le bon Dieu sans confession
(idiomatic) The identified person appears to be benign, mild-mannered, or calm (but with an integral suggestion that, to the contrary, he or she really is untrustworthy, disagreeable, or mean-spirited).

butterbur butterburs n
pétasite
Any of several Eurasian herbs, of the genus Petasites, having dense clusters of often purple flowers.

buttercup /ˈbʌt.ə.kʌp/ /ˈbʌt.ɚ.kʌp/ buttercups n
renoncule fleur de l'impatience gobet du diable grenouillette bouton-d'or
Any of many herbs, of the genus Ranunculus, having yellow flowers; the crowfoot.

butterfingered /ˈbʌtəˌfɪŋɡəd/ /ˈbʌtɚˌfɪŋɡɚd/ [-ɾɚ-] more butterfingered most butterfingered adj
qui a des mains de beurre
Prone to dropping things; clumsy.

butterfingers /ˈbʌtəˌfɪŋɡəz/ /ˈbʌtɚˌfɪŋɡɚz/ [-ɾɚ-] butterfingers n
maladroit avoir deux mains gauches
Someone who tends to drop things; (more generally) someone who is clumsy or uncoordinated; a klutz.

butterfly /ˈbʌtə(ɹ)flaɪ/ [ˈbʌtəflaɪ] [ˈbʌɾɚflaɪ] butterflies n
papillon
A flying insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from moths by their diurnal activity and generally brighter colouring. [from 11th c.]
pansement papillon
Any of several plane curves that look like a butterfly; see Butterfly curve (transcendental) and Butterfly curve (algebraic).

butterfly door butterfly doors n
porte papillon
(automotive) A car door similar to scissor door, but while scissor doors move straight up via hinge points at the bottom of the A-pillar, butterfly doors move up and out via hinges along the A-pillar.
(architecture) A door which pivots on a central axis, used in locations with a pressure differential between the two sides of the door, so that forces exhibited do not inhibit opening and closing of the door, due to contrary action of forces on the two halves of the door which open inwards and outwards at the same time.

butterfly effect butterfly effects n
effet papillon
The technical notion of sensitive dependence on initial conditions in chaos theory.

butterfly kiss butterfly kisses n
baiser papillon
A very light kiss.

butterfly knife butterfly knives n
balisong
A folding pocket knife with two handles counter-rotating around the tang such that, when closed, the blade is concealed within grooves in the handles.

butterfly knot butterfly knots n
nœud d'encordement nœud de papillon nœud de papillon alpin nœud de vire
A type of knot used to provide an anchor point on a long line. Much used by mountaineers. Also known as the alpine butterfly knot.

butterfly net butterfly nets n
filet à papillons
A small net with attached handle used to collect butterflies and other insect species.

butterfly stroke butterfly strokes n
papillon
A swimming stroke in which the body is prone, the arms are moved in simultaneous circles, and the feet are kicked up and down.

butterfly valve butterfly valves n
papillon
A valve with a disk-shaped mechanism which can be used for isolating or regulating flow.

butterflyfish butterflyfish butterflyfishes n
poisson-papillon
Any of a group of conspicuous tropical marine fish of the family Chaetodontidae; the bannerfish and coralfish are also included in this group. Butterflyfish are fairly small, mostly from 12 to 22 cm (c.7-9 in) in length.

buttermilk /ˈbʌtəˌmɪlk/ /ˈbʌtɚˌmɪlk/ buttermilks n
babeurre
The liquid left over after producing butter from full cream milk by the churning process, also called traditional buttermilk.

butternut butternuts n
noyer cendré noyer à beurre
A North American walnut tree, Juglans cinerea.

butternut squash butternut squashes n
doubeurre
A vase-shaped orange-fleshed hard winter squash, a cultivar of Cucurbita moschata.

butterscotch /ˈbʌtəˌskɒtʃ/ /ˈbʌtɚˌskɑt͡ʃ/ butterscotches n
caramel au beurre
A hard candy made from butter, brown sugar, syrup and vanilla.
caramel
A sauce or syrup made of similar ingredients.

butterwort butterworts n
grassette
Any plant of the insectivorous genus Pinguicula.

buttfuckable more buttfuckable most buttfuckable adj
enculable pinocumettable
(slang, vulgar) Able to be or worthy of being buttfucked; sexually attractive.

buttfucker buttfuckers n
enculeur
(North America, vulgar, pejorative) One who engages in anal sex.

butthurt /ˈbʌtˌhɜːt/ /ˈbʌtˌhɝt/ more butthurt most butthurt adj
offusqué
(Internet slang) Overly annoyed or bothered by a perceived insult or injustice; needlessly offended.

buttock /ˈbʌtək/ [ˈbɐtək] [ˈbəɾək] buttocks n
fesse
(usually, in the plural) Each of the two large fleshy halves of the posterior part of the body between the base of the back, the perineum and the top of the legs.

button /ˈbʌ.tən/ /ˈbʌt.n̩/ /ˈbʌʔ.n̩/ [ˈbʌʔ.tən] [ˈbʌʔ.tⁿn̩] buttons n
bouton
A knob or disc that is passed through a loop or (buttonhole), serving as a fastener. [from mid-13th c.]
(graphical user interface) An on-screen control that can be selected as an activator of an attached function.
bouton touche
A mechanical device meant to be pressed with a finger in order to open or close an electric circuit or to activate a mechanism.
badge macaron
(US) A badge worn on clothes, fixed with a pin through the fabric.
bouton bourgeon
(botany) A bud.
clou
A raised pavement marker to further indicate the presence of a pavement-marking painted stripe.

button /ˈbʌ.tən/ /ˈbʌt.n̩/ /ˈbʌʔ.n̩/ [ˈbʌʔ.tən] [ˈbʌʔ.tⁿn̩] v
boutonner
(transitive) To fasten with a button. [from late 14th c.]
(intransitive) To be fastened by a button or buttons.

button mushroom button mushrooms n
champignon de Paris
Agaricus bisporus, the white or common mushroom.

buttonhole buttonholes n
boutonnière
A hole through which a button is pushed to secure a garment or some part of one.
(attributive) So shaped that it can be worn on a buttonhole or it is similar to a buttonhole.
(chiefly, British) A flower worn in a buttonhole for decoration.

buttonhole v
tenir la jambe
(transitive, colloquial) To detain (a person) in conversation against their will.

buttress /ˈbʌtɹəs/ /ˈbʌtɹɪs/ buttresses n
contrefort arc-boutant
(architecture) A brick or stone structure built against another structure to support it.
appui corroboration
(by extension) Anything that serves to support something; a prop.

buttress /ˈbʌtɹəs/ /ˈbʌtɹɪs/ v
arc-bouter
To support something physically with, or as if with, a prop or buttress.
corroborer
(figurative, by extension) To support something or someone by supplying evidence.

butylene butylenes n
butylène
(organic compound) Any of three isomeric aliphatic alkenes containing four carbon atoms and one double bond; their polymers are used as synthetic rubber.

butyric more butyric most butyric adj
butyreux butyrique
(rare) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of butter
(organic chemistry) Of, pertaining to, or derived from butyric acid or any of the isomeric univalent radicals of formula C3H7CO2-

butyric acid butyric acids n
acide butyrique
(organic compound) Either of the two isomeric carboxylic acids, normal butyric acid and isobutyric acid, with the chemical formula C3H7COOH, occurring in animal milk fat.

buxom /ˈbʌksəm/ buxomer buxomest more buxom most buxom adj
bien en chair
(of a woman) Having a full, voluptuous figure, especially possessing large breasts.

buy /baɪ/ v
acheter
(transitive, archaic) To suffer consequences for (something) through being deprived of something; to pay for (something one has done).
gober acheter
(transitive, informal) to accept as true; to believe

buy into v
marcher
(idiomatic) To believe; to accept a craze or fad as valid.

buy the farm v
casser sa pipe avaler son extrait de naissance calancher canner crever passer de vie à trépas
(idiomatic, US, informal, euphemistic) To die; generally, to die in battle or in a plane crash.

buy time v
gagner du temps
(idiomatic) To purposefully cause a delay, in order to achieve something else.

buy-in buy-ins n
support
Support; agreement; blessing (in a secular sense).

buyable /ˈbaɪəbəl/ adj
achetable
That can be bought.

buyback buybacks n
rétrocession
The repurchase of something previously sold, especially of stock by the company that issued it.

buyer /ˈbaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈbaɪ.ɚ/ buyers n
acheteur acheteuse
A person who makes one or more purchases.

buzz /bʌz/ buzzes n
coup de fil
(informal) A telephone call or e-mail.

buzz /bʌz/ v
bourdonner
(intransitive) To make a low, continuous, humming or sibilant sound, like that made by bees with their wings.
raser
(aviation) To fly at high speed and at a very low altitude over a specified area, as to make a surprise pass.
tondre
(transitive) To cut the hair in a close-cropped military style, or buzzcut.

buzzard /ˈbʌzəɹd/ buzzards n
buse carencro
Any of several Old World birds of prey of the genus Buteo with broad wings and a broad tail.
sale bougre sale bougresse
(colloquial, derogatory, slang, often preceded by "old", the "old buzzard") In North America, a curmudgeonly or cantankerous man; an old person; a mean, greedy person.

buzzcut buzzcuts n
boule à Z boule à zéro
(US, Canada) A closely-cropped military-style haircut.

buzzer /ˈbʌzə/ /ˈbʌzɚ/ buzzers n
bipeur
A device that makes a buzzing sound.

buzzing /ˈbʌzɪŋ/ buzzings n
bourdonnement vrombissement
The sound produced by something that buzzes.

by /baɪ/ preposition
près de au bord de côté
Near or next to.
par avant
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval).
par de
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
par en moyen
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
par
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
(with, the) Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.

by God adv
pardieu
Used as an oath to emphasize the veracity of an associated statement.

by God interjection
mon Dieu pardieu
An exclamation of surprise.

by Jove interjection
parbleu Jupin par
(obsolete, Classics) Invocation of the Roman god Jupiter.

by a hair's breadth
à deux doigts à un cheveu à un poil
(idiom) By a narrow margin.

by a landslide adv
dans les grandes largeurs largement
(idiomatic) with big margins, with a huge difference

by a long shot
de loin largement
(idiomatic, usually, with a negative) By a wide margin; indicates a very big difference or disparity.

by all accounts
de toute évidence
de [[l']]avis général
(idiomatic) According to everything that people have said.

by and large adv
en gros en majeure partie pratiquement
(set phrase, focus) Mostly, generally; with few exceptions.

by any chance
par hasard
Possibly; perhaps.

by any means
de toute façon de toute manière

by chance
par hasard d'aventure par rencontre
Unexpectedly, accidentally; without foreplanning.

by comparison
en comparaison par comparaison à titre de comparaison

by default
par défaut
In absence of any opposing action.

by definition
par définition

by dint of /baɪ ˈdɪnt ɒv/ /baɪ ˈdɪnt ʌv/ preposition
grâce à
By the force of; by means of.

by ear
à l'oreille
(music) To learn to play (an instrument) or sing by listening to recorded music without reading or memorizing sheet music or without any formal instruction.

by extension
par extension
(linguistics, semantics) In the broad sense; broadly

by far
de loin loin s'en faut tant s'en faut
(idiomatic) To a considerably large extent, easily.

by hand
à la main

by heart /baɪ ˈhɑɹt/ /baɪ ˈhɑːt/
par cœur
(idiomatic) From unaided memory and in full detail.

by hook or by crook
coûte que coûte de gré ou de force quoi qu'il en coûte
(idiomatic) By any means possible; one way or another.

by inches
à petit feu

by means of preposition
au moyen de
By using (an object or an approach).

by no means
en aucun cas aucunement
(idiomatic) certainly not; definitely not; not by any means.

by now
à cette heure à l'heure qu'il est

by oneself
par soi-même
tout seul
Alone; without assistance or help from others.
seul solo
Alone, without another's immediate company.

by return of post
par retour de courrier

by right /baɪ ˈɹaɪt/
de droit en toute justice légalement légitimement
According to what is right, or what one is legally or morally entitled to; justly, properly, rightfully.

by the Grace of God
par la grâce de Dieu
(idiomatic) By divine will.

by the book
au pied de la lettre dans les clous littéralement à la lettre
(idiom) In a manner which adheres strictly to rules, legal requirements, or official procedures.

by the same token
dans le même esprit dans le même ordre d'idées de la même façon de la même manière de même pour les mêmes raisons

by the skin of one's teeth
de justesse d’un poil par la peau des dents par le chas de l'aiguille à fleur de corde
(idiomatic) barely; closely; by a narrow margin; with nothing to spare.

by the strong hand
par la force

by the time conjunction
au moment où avant que d'ici à ce que le temps que
When (some future event has come to pass).

by the way
au fait à propos d'ailleurs soit dit en passant tout bien considéré
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Incidentally; used in referencing a parenthetical statement not timely, central, or crucial to the topic at hand; foregone, passed by, something that has already happened.

by trade
de son état
(idiomatic) As a profession; professionally.

by virtue of /-tjuː-/ /baɪ ˈvɜːtʃuː ɒv/ /baɪ ˈvɝtʃu ʌv/ preposition
en vertu de eu égard à vu étant donné
(idiomatic) (originally) By the authority or power of; (now) because of; on the grounds of; by reason of.

by way of phraseologicalUnit
en passant par par via
By the route of.
en forme de en guise de en passant par par par le biais de via
For the purpose of; as a means of; as an instance of; as a type or form of.
du fait de en passant par par par le fait de pas loin de via
(UK, often followed by being) Possessing the characteristics, nature, or standing of; in the state or condition of.

by what right adv
de quel droit

by-election by-elections n
élection partielle
An election held to fill a political office that has become vacant between general elections.

by-product by-products n
sous-produit co-produit produit dérivé
Something made incidentally during the production of something else.
sous-produit
A consequence, especially a side effect.

bycoket bycokets n
bicoquet
(historical) A type of medieval cap with a wide brim that comes to a point in the front and is turned up at the rear, originally worn by Western European nobility and royalty.

bye /baɪ/ interjection
salut
(colloquial) Goodbye.

bye-bye /baɪˈbaɪ/ /bəˈbaɪ/ /ˈbaɪbaɪ/ bye-byes n
salut tchao à plus
(colloquial, often, childish) A goodbye.
dodo
(colloquial, childish) Bedtime for a toddler, going to sleep, going to bed.

byform byforms n
variante
A tangential, subordinate, or secondary form.

bygone /-ɡɑn/ /-ɡɔːn/ /ˈbaɪɡɒn/ /ˈbaɪɡɔn/ adj
passé d'autrefois
Having been or happened in the distant past.

bygone /-ɡɑn/ /-ɡɔːn/ /ˈbaɪɡɒn/ /ˈbaɪɡɔn/ bygones n
évènement passé
(usually, in the plural) An event that happened in the past.

bylaw /ˈbaɪ.lɑ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔ/ /ˈbaɪ.lɔː/ bylaws n
arrêté statuts
A law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization (e.g., corporation or business).

bylina /bəˈliːnə/ bylinas bylini byliny n
byline
A traditional East Slavic oral epic narrative poem.

bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/ /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ bypasses n
déviation contournement
A road that passes around something, such as a residential area or business district.
contournement
A section of pipe that conducts a fluid around some other fixture.
pontage dérivation
(medicine) An alternative passage created to divert a bodily fluid around a damaged organ; the surgical procedure to construct such a bypass.

bypass /ˈbaɪpæs/ /ˈbaɪpɑːs/ v
contourner
To avoid an obstacle etc, by constructing or using a bypass.
contourner passer outre
To ignore the usual channels or procedures.

byproduct byproducts n
sous-produit
secondary or additional product

byre /ˈbaɪɚ/ byres n
étable
(chiefly, British) A barn, especially one used for keeping cattle in.

bystander /ˈbaɪˌstænd.ə(ɹ)/ bystanders n
passant badaud
A person who, although present at some event, does not take part in it; an observer, witness, or spectator.

bystander effect bystander effects n
effet de proximité

byte /baɪt/ bytes n
octet multiplet
(computing) A short sequence of bits (binary digits) that can be operated on as a unit by a computer; the smallest usable machine word.
(computing, most commonly) A unit of computing storage equal to eight bits, which can represent any of 256 distinct values.

byword /ˈbaɪ.wə(ɹ)d/ /ˈbaɪ.wɚd/ bywords n
proverbe
A proverb or proverbial expression, common saying; a frequently used word or phrase.

béarnaise sauce béarnaise sauces n
béarnaise sauce béarnaise
(cooking) A sauce made of clarified butter emulsified in egg yolks and white wine vinegar and flavored with herbs.

béchamel sauce béchamel sauces n
sauce béchamel
A simple white sauce made from a roux of butter and flour to which is added hot milk.

bête noire /beɪtˈnwɑː/ /bɛt ˈnwɑɹ/ bêtes noires n
bête noire
An anathema; someone or something which is particularly disliked or avoided; an object of aversion, the bane of one’s existence.

c/o preposition
a/s
(shipping) used to identify an intermediary who is responsible for transferring a piece of mail between the postal system and the final addressee.

cDNA cDNAs n
ADNc
Initialism of complementary DNA.

cabal /kəˈbæl/ /kəˈbɑːl/ cabals n
cabale
(pejorative) A putative, secret organization of individuals gathered for a political purpose.

cabalistic more cabalistic most cabalistic adj
cabalistique
Of or relating to a cabal; secretive and cliquish.

cabalistically more cabalistically most cabalistically adv
cabalistiquement
in a cabalistic manner

cabaret /kæbəˈreɪ/ cabarets n
cabaret
Live entertainment held in a restaurant or nightclub; the genre of music associated with this form of entertainment, especially in early 20th century Europe.

cabassou /ˈkæbəsuː/ cabassous n
kabassou
(obsolete) The southern naked-tailed armadillo, a type of large armadillo native to South America, with five toes and enormous claws (Cabassous unicinctus).

cabbage /ˈkæbɪd͡ʒ/ cabbages n
chou
(uncountable) The leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable.
(uncountable, slang) Money.

cabbage fly cabbage flies n
mouche du chou
Delia radicum, a fly that is a pest on cabbages and other crops.

cabbage roll cabbage rolls n
cigare au chou
(food) A dish consisting of cooked cabbage leaves wrapped around a variety of fillings.

cabin /ˈkæbɪn/ cabins n
cabane
(US) A small dwelling characteristic of the frontier, especially when built from logs with simple tools and not constructed by professional builders, but by those who meant to live in it.
cabine
A private room on a ship.
The interior of a boat, enclosed to create a small room, particularly for sleeping.

cabin boy cabin boys n
mousse moussaillon
(dated) A boy or young man who is employed to serve as an attendant for passengers or crew members on a ship.

cabin crew cabin crew cabin crews n
personnel navigant
(aviation) The members of staff aboard a commercial aircraft, employed to ensure the safety and comfort of their passengers.

cabin fever n
claustrophobie
(psychology) A condition of restlessness and irritability caused by being in a confined space.

cabinet /ˈkæb.nət/ /ˈkæb.nɪt/ /ˈkæb.ə.nət/ /ˈkæb.ɪ.nɪt/ cabinets n
armoire
A storage closet either separate from, or built into, a wall.
cabinet
A group of advisors to a government or business entity.
(politics, often, capitalized) In parliamentary and some other systems of government, the group of ministers responsible for creating government policy and for overseeing the departments comprising the executive branch.

cabinetmaker cabinetmakers n
ébéniste menuisier
A skilled woodworker who makes high-quality wooden cabinets and furniture.

cable /ˈkeɪ.bəl/ cables n
câble
A strong, large-diameter wire or rope, or something resembling such a rope.
(nautical) A strong rope or chain used to moor or anchor a ship.
(communications) A system for transmitting television or Internet services over a network of coaxial or fibreoptic cables.
A telegram, notably when sent by (submarine) telegraph cable.
câble fil électrique
An assembly of two or more wires, used for electrical power or data circuits; one or more and/or the whole may be insulated.
torsade
(knitting) A textural pattern achieved by passing groups of stitches over one another.

cable car cable cars n
téléphérique chariot
A hanging carriage or car for transporting people or cargo

cable length cable lengths n
encablure
One tenth of a nautical mile.

cable ship cable ships n
navire câblier

cable television n
télévision par câble câblodiffusion câblodistribution
Television received through coaxial cables; specifically, a TV service that provides reception to suburbs or other residential areas through utility lines and offering a wide variety of TV channels through satellite reception.

cable tie cable ties n
serre-câble collier de serrage en plastique collier de serrage colson rilsan
A type of fastener, especially for binding several electronic cables or wires together.

cable-stayed bridge cable-stayed bridges n
pont à haubans
A bridge where the deck is supported by cables attached directly to pillars

cableway cableways n
téléphérique
A system of suspended cables from which cable cars are hung.

cabriolet /kæ.bɹi.əˈleɪ/ cabriolets n
cabriolet
An automobile with a retractable top.
(originally) A light two- or four-wheeled carriage with a folding top, pulled by a single horse.

cacao /kəˈkaʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯oʊ̯/ /kəˈkeɪ̯əʊ̯/ /kəˈkɑːəʊ̯/ [kəˈkʰaʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯oʊ̯] [kəˈkʰeɪ̯əʊ̯] [kəˈkʰɑːəʊ̯] cacaos n
cacaoyer
A tree, Theobroma cacao, whose seed is used to make chocolate.
fève de cacao cacaoyer
This tree's seed, the cocoa bean.

cacatory adj
cacatoire diarrhéique

cache /keɪʃ/ /kæɪʃ/ /kæʃ/ /kæˈʃeɪ/ /ˈkæʃ.eɪ/ caches n
cache mémoire cache
(computing) A fast temporary storage where recently or frequently used information is stored to avoid having to reload it from a slower storage medium.
cache
(geocaching) A container containing treasure in a global treasure-hunt game.

cache-sexe cache-sexes n
cache-sexe
An article of clothing sufficient to cover the genitalia, primarily as used by an exotic dancer or in certain aboriginal cultures.

cachexia /kəˈkɛksiə/ /kəˈkɛksɪə/ cachexiae cachexias n
cachexie
(pathology) A systemic wasting of muscle tissue, with or without loss of fat mass, that accompanies a chronic disease. [from mid 16th c.]

caciocavallo /ˌkɑːtʃəʊkəˈvɑːləʊ/ caciocavallos n
caciocavallo kachkaval

cack /kæk/ cacks n
caca
Excrement.

cack /kæk/ v
caguer chier
(transitive) To defecate (on); to shit.

cackle /ˈkækəl/ cackles n
caquet
The cry of a hen or goose, especially when laying an egg.
gloussement ricanement
A laugh resembling the cry of a hen or goose.

cackle /ˈkækəl/ v
caqueter
(intransitive) To make a sharp, broken noise or cry, as a hen or goose does.
(intransitive) To laugh with a broken sound similar to a hen's cry.

cackling goose cackling geese n
bernache de Hutchins
Branta hutchinsii, a North American bird of the genus Branta of black geese, which contains species with largely black plumage, distinguishing them from the grey Anser species.

cacodemon /kækəˈdiːmən/ cacodemons n
cacodémon
An evil or malevolent spirit.

cacoethes /ˌkakəʊˈiːθiːz/ cacoethe n
contrainte manie
Compulsion; mania.
tumeur ulcère
(medicine, obsolete) A bad quality or disposition in a disease; a malignant tumour or ulcer.

cacography /kaˈkɒɡɹəfi/ cacographies n
cacographie

cacomistle cacomistles n
bassaris d'Amérique centrale
The Bassariscus sumichrasti.

cacophonous /kəˈkɑfənəs/ /kəˈkɒfənəs/ more cacophonous most cacophonous adj
cacophonique
Containing, consisting of, or producing harsh, unpleasant or discordant sounds.

cacophony /kəˈkɑfəni/ /kəˈkɒfəni/ cacophonies n
cacophonie
A mix of discordant sounds; dissonance.

cactus /ˈkæktəs/ /ˈkæktʌs/ cacti cactus cactuses cactusses n
cactus
(botany) Any member of the family Cactaceae, a family of flowering New World succulent plants suited to a hot, semi-desert climate.

cadastral more cadastral most cadastral adj
cadastral
(cartography) of or relating to a cadastre

cadaver /kəˈdeɪ.və(ɹ)/ /kəˈdæv.ə(ɹ)/ /kəˈdævɚ/ /kəˈdɑːv.ə(ɹ)/ cadavera cadavers n
cadavre
A dead body; especially the corpse of a human to be dissected.

cadaveric /kadəˈvɛɹɪk/ /kəˈdavəɹɪk/ more cadaveric most cadaveric adj
cadavérique
Pertaining to a corpse.

cadaverine /kəˈdævəɹɪn/ cadaverines n
cadavérine
A foul-smelling diamine produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. Cadaverine is a toxic diamine with the formula NH2(CH2)5NH2.

cadaverous more cadaverous most cadaverous adj
cadavérique
Corpselike; hinting of death; imitating a cadaver.

caddie /ˈkædi/ /ˈkɑdi/ [-ɾi] caddies n
caddie
(by extension, golf, also, attributively) A person hired to assist a golfer by carrying their golf clubs and providing advice.

cadence /ˈkeɪ.dn̩s/ cadences n
cadence
The measure or beat of movement.
(music) A progression of at least two chords which conclude a piece of music, section or musical phrases within it. Sometimes referred to analogously as musical punctuation.
(cycling) The number of revolutions per minute of the cranks or pedals of a bicycle.

cadenza /kəˈdɛnzə/ cadenzas cadenze n
cadence
(music) A part of a piece of music, such as a concerto, that is very decorative and is played by a single musician.

cadet /kəˈdɛt/ cadets n
cadet
A student at a military school who is training to be an officer.
puîné
(chiefly, history) A younger or youngest son, who would not inherit as a firstborn son would.

cadmium /ˈkædmiəm/ cadmiums n
cadmium
A chemical element (symbol Cd) with an atomic number of 48: a soft, silvery-white metal.

cadre /ˈkæd.ɹeɪ/ /ˈkæd.ɹi/ /ˈkɑ.dɚ/ /ˈkɑ.dɹeɪ/ /ˈkɑ.dɹi/ /ˈkɑ.dɹə/ /ˈkɑː.də/ /ˈkɑː.dɹə/ cadres n
cadre
A frame or framework.
cadres
(military) The framework or skeleton upon which a new regiment is to be formed; the officers of a regiment forming the staff.

caduceus /kəˈdjuː.si.əs/ /kəˈdu.si.əs/ caducei n
caducée
A symbol (☤) representing a staff with two snakes wrapped around it, used to indicate merchants and messengers. It is also sometimes incorrectly substituted for the rod of Asclepius as a symbol of medicine.

caecal adj
cæcal
Of or pertaining to the caecum.

caecum /ˈsiː.kəm/ caeca caecums n
cæcum
(anatomy) A cavity open at one end (such as the blind end of a duct), especially a blind pouch connected to the large intestine between the ileum and the colon.

caesaropapism /ˌsiːzəɹoʊˈpeɪpɪz(ə)m/ /ˌsiːzəɹəʊˈpeɪpɪzm̩/ caesaropapisms n
césaropapisme
(government, religion) The combination of state (originally imperial) power with religious authority; state authority over ecclesiastical matters.

caesium /ˈsiːzi.əm/ n
césium cæsium
The chemical element (symbol Cs) with an atomic number of 55. It is a soft, gold-colored, highly reactive alkali metal.

caesura /sɪˈzjʊəɹə/ /sɪˈʒʊɹə/ caesurae caesuras n
césure
A pause or interruption in a poem, music, building, or other work of art.
(Classical prosody) Using two words to divide a metrical foot.

cafeteria /ˌkafəˈtɪəɹi.ə/ /ˌkæfəˈtɪ(ə)ɹi.ə/ cafeterias n
cafétéria cantine cafèt’
(chiefly, US, Canada) A restaurant in which customers select their food at a counter then carry it on a tray to a table to eat.
cantine caféteria réfectoire
(chiefly, US, Canada) A dining area in an institution where meals may be purchased (as above), provided, or brought in from elsewhere.

cafetière /ˌkæf.ə.tiˈɛəɹ/ /ˌkæf.əˈtjɛəɹ/ cafetières n
cafetière à piston
A cylindrical glass or metal jug, fitted with a filter on a rod, used to make coffee.

caffeine /kæˈfiːn/ /ˈkæfiːn/ caffeines n
caféine
An alkaloid, C8H10N4O2, found naturally in tea and coffee plants which acts as a mild stimulant on the central nervous system. [from 1830]

café /ˈkæfeɪ/ /ˌkæˈfeɪ/ cafés n
café
A coffee shop; an establishment selling coffee and sometimes other non-alcoholic beverages, simple meals or snacks, with a facility to consume them on the premises.

café au lait /kæˌfeɪ əʊ ˈleɪ/ /ˌkæfeɪ əʊ ˈleɪ/ café au laits cafés au lait n
café au lait
A mixture of coffee and hot milk.
Coffee and hot milk served in separate jugs as a breakfast drink.
(color) A light coffee colour.

cage /keɪd͡ʒ/ cages n
cage
An enclosure made of bars, normally to hold animals.
The passenger compartment of a lift.

cage /keɪd͡ʒ/ v
encager
To confine in a cage; to put into and keep in a cage.

cahoots /kəˈhuːts/ n
ligue
Collusion or collaboration to nefarious ends.

caid /kɑːˈiːd/ /ˈkɑː.ɪd/ caids n
caïd
(historical) A local governor or leader, especially in North Africa or Moorish Spain; an alcaide.

caiman /ˈkeɪ.mən/ caimans n
caïman
(narrowly) Any of the relatively small crocodilians of the genus Caiman, within the family Alligatoridae.

caipirinha /ˌkaɪ.pɪˈɹiː.njə/ caipirinhas n
caïpirinha
A traditional Brazilian alcoholic drink prepared with cachaça, lime juice, sugar, and ice.

caique /kaɪˈiːk/ /kɑːˈiːk/ caiques n
caïque
(nautical) A small wooden trading vessel, brightly painted and rigged for sail, traditionally used for fishing and trawling.

cairn /kɛən/ /kɛəɹn/ cairns n
cairn
A rounded or conical heap of stones erected by early inhabitants of the British Isles, apparently as a sepulchral monument.
montjoie
A pile of stones heaped up as a landmark, to guide travelers on land or at sea, or to arrest attention, as in surveying, or in leaving traces of an exploring party, etc.

cajolement cajolements n
cajolerie
The act of cajoling or the state of being cajoled.

cajuputene n
cajeputène

cake /keɪk/ [ˈk̟ʰeɪ̯k̚] cakes n
gâteau pâtisserie
A rich, sweet dessert food, typically made of flour, sugar, and eggs and baked in an oven, and often covered in icing.
batterie d'artifice batterie de feu d'artifice
(pyrotechnics) A multi-shot fireworks assembly comprising several tubes, each with a fireworks effect, lit by a single fuse.

cake mix cake mixes n
mélange à gâteau
A powdered mixture of the dry ingredients used to produce a cake or the finished mixture before baking.

cake server cake servers n
pelle à tarte pelle à gâteau
A flat, wedge-shaped tool for serving cake.

cake shop /ˈkeɪk ʃɑp/ /ˈkeɪk ʃɒp/ cake shops n
pâtisserie
A shop where cakes can be bought.

cake slice cake slices n
pelle à tarte
A knife with a wide, triangular, unsharpened blade, designed to cut and serve slices of cake.

cake tin cake tins n
moule à gâteau tourtière
The tin in which a cake is baked.

calabash /ˈkaləbaʃ/ /ˈkæləˌbæʃ/ calabashes n
calebasse
The bottle gourd (calabash vine, Lagenaria siceraria), believed to have originated in Africa, which is grown for its fruit that are used as a vegetable and to make containers (sense 3); the fruit of this plant.
A container made from the mature, dried shell of the fruit of one of the above plants; also, a similarly shaped container made from some other material.

caladrius n
caladrius
(mythology) A mythical bird that had healing powers.

calamine calamines n
calamine
Synonym of smithsonite, a pink form of zinc oxide (mainly zinc carbonate ZnCO3) formed as a byproduct of zinc sublimation, now used in skin lotions.

calamint calamints n
calament
Any species of aromatic garden herb of the genus Calamintha, now often included in Clinopodium.

calamitous /kəˈlæmɪtəs/ more calamitous most calamitous adj
calamiteux
Concerning or involving calamity, disastrous.

calamity /kəˈlæmɪti/ calamities n
calamité
An event resulting in great loss.

calamondin /ˌkæləˈmɒndɪn/ calamondins n
calamondin
The fruit of this tree.

calandra lark calandra larks n
alouette calandre
Any bird in the genus Melanocorypha, but especially in the species Melanocorypha calandra of the Mediterranean region and central Asia.

calcaneal /kælˈkeɪniəl/ adj
calcanéen
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone).

calcareous /kælˈkɛəɹiəs/ more calcareous most calcareous adj
calcaire
Resembling or containing calcium carbonate or limestone; chalky.

calcic more calcic most calcic adj
calcique
of, pertaining to, or derived from calcium or lime

calciferous more calciferous most calciferous adj
calcarifère
Yielding or containing calcium, calcium carbonate or calcite.

calcify /ˈkælsɪfaɪ/ v
calcifier
(transitive, intransitive) To make or become hard and stony by impregnating with calcium salts.

calcination calcinations n
calcination
The process of calcining: heating a substance to a high temperature, but below its melting point, to bring about thermal decomposition.

calcine /-sɪn/ /kælˈsaɪn/ /ˈkælsaɪn/ /ˈkælˌsaɪn/ v
calciner
(chemistry) To heat (a substance) without melting in order to drive off water, etc., and to oxidize or reduce it; specifically, to decompose (carbonates) into oxides, and, especially, to heat (limestone) to form quicklime.

calcined more calcined most calcined adj
calciné
Converted by calcination.

calcite /ˈkælˌsaɪt/ calcites n
calcite
(mineral) a very widely distributed crystalline form of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, found as limestone, chalk and marble

calcium /ˈkæl.ʃəm/ /ˈkælsi.əm/ calciums n
calcium
The chemical element (Symbol Ca), with an atomic number 20. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal which occurs naturally as carbonate in limestone and as silicate in many rocks.

calcium carbide n
carbure de calcium
(inorganic compound) A black, solid, of formula CaC2, manufactured from lime and carbon at high temperatures; reacts with water to form acetylene.

calcium carbonate n
carbonate de calcium
(inorganic compound) A colourless or white inorganic compound, CaCO3, occurring as chalk, limestone, marble etc; reacts with acids to liberate carbon dioxide.

calcium chloride n
chlorure de calcium
(inorganic compound) The calcium salt of hydrochloric acid, CaCl2; used as a drying agent and to melt ice on roads.

calcium hydroxide n
chaux éteinte
(inorganic compound) A soft, white powder, Ca(OH)2, obtained by the action of water on calcium oxide; slaked lime.

calcium oxide n
oxyde de calcium
(inorganic compound) A white powderous substance, CaO, normally made by heating calcium carbonate.

calcium sulfate n
sulfate de calcium
(inorganic compound) The calcium salt of sulfuric acid, CaSO4, the hydrates of which are known as gypsum or plaster of Paris, and the anhydrous mineral form being anhydrite.

calculable /kæl.kjə.lə.bl/ [ˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌlə.bl̩] more calculable most calculable adj
calculable
Able to be calculated; calculatable.

calculate /ˈkælkjəleɪt/ /ˈkælkjʊleɪt/ v
calculer
(transitive, mathematics) To determine the value of something or the solution to something by a mathematical process.
(intransitive, US, dialect) To plan; to expect; to think.
To ascertain or predict by mathematical or astrological computations the time, circumstances, or other conditions of; to forecast or compute the character or consequences of.

calculated risk calculated risks n
risque calculé

calculation /kælkjuˈleɪʃən/ /kælkjəˈleɪʃən/ calculations n
calcul
(chess, uncountable) The act or process of imagining sequences of potential moves and responses without actually moving the pieces.

calculator /kæl.kjə.leɪ.tɚ/ /ˈkæl.kjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌleɪ̯.ɾɚ] calculators n
calculatrice calculette
A mechanical or electronic device that performs mathematical calculations.

calculus /ˈkæl.kjə.ləs/ /ˈkæl.kjʊ.ləs/ calculi calculuses n
calcul
(countable, mathematics) Any formal system in which symbolic expressions are manipulated according to fixed rules.
(uncountable, often, definite, the calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered as a single subject; analysis.
calcul lithiase
(countable, medicine) A stony concretion that forms in a bodily organ.

calculus of variations n
calcul des variations
(calculus) The form of calculus that deals with the maxima and minima of definite integrals of functions of many variables.

caldera /kælˈdɛə.ɹə/ /kælˈdɛɹ.ə/ /ˈkɔːl.də.ɹə/ calderas n
caldera caldeira
(vulcanology) A large crater formed by collapse of the cone or edifice of a volcano.

calefactory more calefactory most calefactory adj
caléfactoire
warming

calefactory calefactories n
caléfactoire chauffoir
(architecture) The room or building in a monastery holding its communal fire, kept warm and used as a sitting room.

calendar /ˈkæl.ən.də/ /ˈkæl.ən.dɚ/ [ˈkʰæl.(ə)n.dɚ] calendars n
calendrier
Any system by which time is divided into days, weeks, months, and years.
A means to determine the date consisting of a document containing dates and other temporal information.
agenda emploi du temps programme
A list of planned events.

calendar month calendar months n
mois calendaire
The period of duration from the first date of one month to the last date of the same month, which can thus vary from 28 to 31 days in length.

calendar year calendar years n
an année civile
The length of time between the beginning and end of a year as marked on a calendar, such as from 0:00 January 1 to 24:00 December 31 in the Gregorian calendar.

calendarist /ˈkæl.ən.də.ɹɪst/ /ˈkæl.ən.dəɹ.ɪst/ calendarists n
calendariste
A person who uses a particular form of calendar

calender /ˈkæləndə/ /ˈkæləndɚ/ calenders n
calendre calandre
Calander machine A machine, used for the purpose of giving cloth, paper etc., a smooth, even, and glossy or glazed surface, by cold or hot pressure, or for watering them and giving them a wavy appearance; it consists of two or more cylinders revolving nearly in contact, with the necessary apparatus for moving and regulating.
calender
One of a wandering, mendicant Sufic order of fantastically dressed or painted dervishes, founded in the 13th century by an Arab named Yusuf.

calendrical /kəˈlɛndɹɪkl̩/ adj
calendaire
Of, pertaining to, or used by a calendar system.

calends /ˈkæləndz/ /ˈkælɪndz/ n
calende
(historical, Ancient Rome) The first day of a month of the Roman calendar.

calf /kaf/ /keɪf/ /kæf/ /kɐːf/ /kɑːf/ calfs calves n
veau velle
A young cow or bull.
mollet
The muscle in the back of the leg below the knee.
baleineau baleinelle baleinon blanchon chiot éléphanteau
A young deer, elephant, seal, whale or giraffe (also used of some other animals).

calf bone calf bones n
péroné
(anatomy) The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg, the fibula.

caliber /ˈkæl.ə.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæl.ə.bɚ/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bɚ/ calibers n
calibre
Unit of measure used to express the length of the bore of a weapon. The number of calibres is determined by dividing the length of the bore of the weapon, from the breech face of the tube to the muzzle, by the diameter of its bore. A gun tube the bore of which is 40 feet (480 inches) long and 12 inches in diameter is said to be 40 calibers long.

calibrate /ˈkæl.ə.bɹeɪt/ /ˈkæl.ə.bɹæɪt/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
calibrer étalonner
To check or adjust by comparison with a standard.

calibration /ˈkæl.əˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˈkæl.əˈbɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˈkæl.ɪˈbɹeɪ.ʃən/ calibrations n
étalonnage calibrage
The act of calibrating something.

calico /ˈkælɪkəʊ/ calicoes calicos n
calicot
(textiles) A kind of rough cloth made from unbleached and not fully processed cotton, often printed with a bright pattern.
calico tricolore
(countable, cat) Ellipsis of calico cat.

californium /ˌkælɪˈfɔɹniəm/ /ˌkælɪˈfɔːniəm/ n
californium
A strongly radioactive and highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cf) with an atomic number of 98.

caliper /ˈkælɪpɚ/ calipers n
étrier
(automotive) The part of a disc brake that holds the brake pads.

calipers /ˈkæl.ɪ.pəz/ /ˈkæl.ɪ.pɚz/ n
compas d'épaisseur pied à coulisse
A device used to measure dimensions, especially for small or precise measurements.

caliph /ˈkeɪlɪf/ /ˈkælɪf/ caliphs n
calife
The political leader of the Muslim world; the successor of the prophet Muhammad's political authority.

caliphate /ˈkælɪfeɪt/ caliphates n
califat
A unified Islamic government for the Muslim world, ruled by a caliph.

calisthenics /ˌkæl.ɪsˈθɛn.ɪks/ n
callisthénie
(in the plural) Gymnastic exercises under the participation of a (surface-wise) multitude of muscles and often minimal equipment (thus, usually bodyweight exercises) with a stress on stamina.

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] calls n
appel
A telephone conversation; a phone call.
A beckoning or summoning.
visite
A short visit, usually for social purposes.
appel cri
A cry or shout.
astreinte
(uncountable) A work shift which requires one to be available when requested, i.e. on call.
(poker) The act of matching a bet made by a player who has previously bet in the same round of betting.
appel parole exécution
(computing) The act of jumping to a subprogram, saving the means to return to the original point.
cri appeau chant
A pipe or other instrument to call birds or animals by imitating their note or cry. A game call.
cri chant
(US, law) A reference to, or statement of, an object, course, distance, or other matter of description in a survey or grant requiring or calling for a corresponding object, etc., on the land.

call /koːl/ /kɑl/ /kɔl/ /kɔːl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɑɫ] [kʰɔɫ] v
appeler
(intransitive) To request, summon, or beckon.
appeler téléphoner
(ambitransitive) To contact by telephone.
faire appel
To come to pass; to afflict.
visiter
To pay a (social) visit (often used with "on", "round", or "at"; used by salespeople with "again" to invite customers to come again).
appeler crier
To state, or estimate, approximately or loosely; to characterize without strict regard to fact.
suivre
(intransitive, poker, proscribed) To match the current bet amount, in preparation for a raise in the same turn. (Usually, players are forbidden to announce one's play this way.)

call a spade a spade v
appeler un chat un chat appeler les choses par leur nom
(idiomatic) To put it bluntly, to be outspoken; to speak the truth, to say things as they really are.

call an ambulance phraseologicalUnit
appelez une ambulance
Use a telephone to ensure arrival of an ambulance

call back v
rappeler
To telephone someone again at a more convenient time.

call center call centers n
centre d'appels
(business, telephony) A communications facility where phone calls are handled; especially, a commercial one for customer service, sales and telemarketing.

call for v
appeler
To shout out in order to summon (a person).
demander commander
To ask for in a loud voice.
demander
(figuratively) To request, demand.
demander nécessiter exiger
To necessitate, demand; to make appropriate
passer
To stop at a place and ask for (someone).

call into question v
remettre en cause remettre en question
(transitive) To cause to be questioned; to introduce doubt regarding.

call it a day v
s'arrêter là
(idiomatic) To cease the activity for the day. [from 1919]
arrêter les frais jeter l'éponge retirer
(idiomatic) To retire.

call it even v
être quitte
To declare debts resolved or favors or other exchange equitable.

call it quits v
arrêter démissionner
To conclude; to quit or stop an activity, especially after applying oneself to it for a significant period of time.
être quitte
To declare debts resolved to one another

call names v
insulter traiter de tous les noms
(transitive, intransitive) To use abusive or insulting language, engage in name-calling.

call number call numbers n
cote
(library science) An identification number, usually consisting of a combination of numbers and characters, used to identify and locate materials within a library; the shelfmark that conveys it.

call on the carpet v
réprimander
(chiefly, US) To reprimand; to censure severely or angrily.

call option call options n
option d'achat
(finance) An option to buy a stated quantity of an asset or financial product, such as stock, at a stated price (the strike price), on a stated future date (or range of dates).

call out v
préciser spécifier
(transitive, idiomatic) To specify, especially in detail.
appeler convoquer
(transitive, idiomatic) To order into service; to summon into service.
annoncer crier
(intransitive, transitive) To yell out; to vocalize audibly; announce.
interpeler
(transitive, idiomatic, colloquial) To challenge, criticize, denounce.

call premium call premiums n
prime de remboursement

call roll v
faire l'appel pointer
(idiom) To make a roll call; to take attendance.

call sign call signs n
indicatif d'appel
(broadcasting) A combination of letters and numbers used to identify a radio or television station.

call someone every name in the book v
traiter de tous les noms
(idiomatic, informal) To subject an individual to a variety of insults or slanderous terms.

call the fire department phraseologicalUnit
appelez les pompiers

call the police phraseologicalUnit
appelez la police
Use a telephone to request the arrival of a police officer.

call the shots v
commander décider
(chiefly, US) To make the decisions; to be in charge; to give orders.

call to arms calls to arms n
appel aux armes
(figurative) An appeal to undertake a particular course of action or to support a specific cause; a call to action.

call to prayer calls to prayer n
appel à la prière
A public proclamation made five times a day in Muslim societies, broadcast from the mosques, to mark out the ordained occasions for worship.

call up v
sélectionner
(transitive) To select e.g. to a sports squad.
appeler
(transitive, idiomatic) To call on the telephone.

calla callas n
anguine calla calla des marais
A marsh plant native to cooler areas throughout the northern hemisphere, Calla palustris, having pale green flowers in a white spathe.

callback callbacks n
fonction de rappel
(programming) A function pointer passed as an argument to another function.

callee callees n
appelé
(telephony) The person who is called by the caller (on the telephone).

caller /ˈkɑlɚ/ /ˈkɔlɚ/ /ˈkɔːlə/ callers n
appelant téléphoneur
(telephony) The person who makes a telephone call.

calligram /ˈkæl.ɪˌɡɹæm/ calligrams n
calligramme
A word, phrase or longer text in which the typeface or the layout has some special significance.

calligrapher /kəˈlɪɡɹəfɚ/ calligraphers n
calligraphe
one who practices calligraphy

calligraphic /ˌkælɪˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
calligraphique
Of or pertaining to calligraphy.
Written in an artistic style or manner, as calligraphy.

calligraphically more calligraphically most calligraphically adv
calligraphiquement
in a calligraphic manner: using calligraphy

calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡɹəfi/ calligraphies n
calligraphie chirographie
(uncountable) The art or practice of writing letters and words in a decorative style; the letters and words so written.

calling card calling cards n
marque de fabrique
(figurative) An attribute, symptom, object, or behavior which is distinctly characteristic of someone or something.
fèces marque de fabrique popo selles
(euphemistic) Excrement, especially of a domestic animal.

callipygian /ˌkæ.ləˈpɪ.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˌkæliˈpɪdʒjən/ /ˌkæləˈpɪdʒi.ən/ /ˌkæləˈpɪdʒjən/ /ˌkælɪˈpɪdʒi.ən/ more callipygian most callipygian adj
callipyge
Having beautifully shaped buttocks.

callous /ˈkæləs/ more callous most callous adj
endurci insensible sans-cœur
(figurative) Emotionally hardened; unfeeling and indifferent to the suffering/feelings of others.

callousness callousnesses n
insensibilité
The quality of being callous; emotional hardheartedness or indifference.

callout callouts n
convocation

callus /ˈkæləs/ calli calluses n
cal calus durillon
A hardened area of the skin (especially on the foot or hand) caused by repeated friction, wear or use.
The material of repair in fractures of bone; a substance exuded at the site of fracture, which is at first soft or cartilaginous in consistency, but is ultimately converted into true bone and unites the fragments into a single piece.

callused more callused most callused adj
calleux
Having calluses.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] calmer calmest more calm most calm adj
calme
(of a person) Peaceful, quiet, especially free from anger and anxiety.
(of water) with few or no waves on the surface; not rippled.
Without wind or storm.
calme tranquille
(of a place or situation) Free of noise and disturbance.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] calms n
calme calme plat
A period of time without wind.

calm /kam/ /kaɹm/ /kaːm/ /kæm/ /kɑlm/ /kɑm/ /kɑːm/ /kɔlm/ [kʰa(ː)m] [kʰäː(ɫ)m] [kʰɐːm] [kʰɑːm] [kʰɒː(ɫ)m] v
calmer apaiser
(transitive) To make calm.

calm before the storm calms before storms n
calme avant la tempête
(idiomatic) A period of peace before a disturbance or crisis; an unnatural or false calm before a storm.

calm down v
calmer tranquilliser apaiser
(transitive) To cause to become less excited, intense, or angry.

calmly /ˈkɑː(ɹ)m.li/ more calmly most calmly adv
paisiblement
In a calm manner.

calmness /ˈkɑ(l)mnəs/ /ˈkɑːmnəs/ calmnesses n
calme
(uncountable) The state of being calm; tranquillity; silence.

calorie /ˈkæləɹi/ calories n
calorie
(physics, chemistry, obsolete) The gram calorie or small calorie, a non-SI unit of energy, equivalent to approximately 4.2 joules. This unit was widely used in chemistry and physics, being the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 °C.

calorimeter /ˌkæləˈɹɪmɪtɚ/ calorimeters n
calorimètre
(physics) An apparatus for measuring the heat generated or absorbed by either a chemical reaction, change of phase or some other physical change.

calorimetric adj
calorimétrique
of, or relating to calorimetry, or measured by a calorimeter

calorimetry calorimetries n
calorimétrie
(physics) The science of measuring the heat absorbed or evolved during the course of a chemical reaction or change of state.

calpack calpacks n
colback
A kind of cap from Turkic countries, with a high crown.

calque /kælk/ calques n
calque
(linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

calque /kælk/ v
calquer
(linguistics, translation studies, transitive) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts.

calretinin calretinins n
calrétinine

caltrop /ˈkæltɹəp/ /ˈkɔːltɹəp/ caltrops n
chausse-trape pied de corbeau
(weaponry) A small, metal object with spikes arranged so that, when thrown onto the ground, one always faces up as a threat to pedestrians, horses, and vehicles (also used as a heraldic charge).
centaurée chausse-trape chardon étoilé
(colloquial) The starthistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, a plant with sharp thorns.
tribule terrestre
Any of a number of flowering plants in the family Zygophyllaceae, including several members of the genus Kallstroemia and the species Tribulus terrestris, native to warm temperate and tropical regions.

calumniate /kəˈlʌmni.eɪt/ v
calomnier
(transitive) To make hurtful untrue comments about.

calumniator calumniators n
calomniateur
A person who calumniates (slanders, or makes personal attacks upon, others).

calumnious more calumnious most calumnious adj
calomnieux
Possessing the traits of calumny.

calumniously more calumniously most calumniously adv
calomnieusement
In the manner of a falsification intended to discredit another.

calumny /kəˈlʌmni/ /ˈkæləmni/ calumnies n
calomnie
(uncountable) Falsifications or misrepresentations intended to disparage or discredit another.

calvary calvaries n
calvaire
A life-size representation of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ on a piece of raised ground.
A type of monumental public Christian cross, sometimes encased in an open shrine.

calve /kæv/ /kɑːv/ v
vêler mettre bas
(intransitive) to give birth to a calf
(transitive) to give birth to (a calf)
vêler aider le vêlage mettre bas
(intransitive) to assist in a cow's giving birth to a calf
se détacher
(intransitive, figuratively, especially of an iceberg) to break off
abandonner perdre se briser se casser se fractionner se fragmenter
(transitive, figuratively, especially of an ice shelf, a glacier, an ice sheet, or even an iceberg) to shed (a large piece, e.g. an iceberg); to set loose (a mass of ice), e.g. a block of ice (coming off an iceberg)

calyx /ˈkeɪ.lɪks/ /ˈkæ.lɪks/ calyces calyxes n
calice
(botany) The outermost whorl of flower parts, comprising the sepals, which covers and protects the petals as they develop.

calzone /kæltˈsəʊni/ /kælˈzoʊn/ /kælˈzoʊneɪ/ /kælˈzəʊni/ calzones calzoni n
calzone
A baked Italian turnover made of pizza dough and stuffed with tomato, cheese and other toppings.

calèche /kəˈlɛʃ/ calèches n
calèche
A type of carriage with low wheels, especially pulled by horses.

cam [kæm] cams n
came
A turning or sliding piece which imparts motion to a rod, lever or block brought into sliding or rolling contact with it.
(UK, dialect) A ridge or mound of earth.

camaraderie /ˌkæm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ /ˌkæməˈɹædəɹi/ /ˌkæməˈɹɑːdəɹi/ /ˌkɑm(ə)ˈɹɑdəɹi/ camaraderies n
camaraderie
Close friendship in a group of friends or teammates.
A spirit of familiarity and closeness.

cambarysu cambarysus n
cambarysu
A device reportedly used by the Catuquinaru to communicate, consisting of a wooden drum, filled with various materials and half-buried; when one was beaten, the vibrations (travelling through the earth) could be heard on the devices in other villages up to 1.5 km away.

camber /ˈkæm.bə/ /ˈkæm.bɚ/ n
carrossage
(automotive) The alignment on the roll axis of the wheels of a road vehicle, where positive camber signifies that the wheels are closer together at the bottom than the top.

cambium /ˈkambɪəm/ /ˈkeə̯m.biˌəm/ /ˈkæm.biˌəm/ cambia cambiums n
cambium
(botany) A layer of cells between the xylem and the phloem that is responsible for the secondary growth of roots and stems.

camcorder /ˈkæmˌkoɹ.dɚ/ camcorders n
caméra vidéo caméscope
A camera recorder: a portable electronic device for recording images and audio on to a storage device, hence functioning as a camera and a recorder in a single unit.

came /keɪm/ [keːm] [kɛːm] [kʰeɪ̯m] [kʰeːm] cames n
plomb
A grooved strip of metal, traditionally usually lead or brass and today sometimes stainless steel, used to hold panes of glass together in glazing.

camel /ˈkæməl/ camels n
chameau chamelle
A beast of burden, much used in desert areas, of the genus Camelus.

camel driver camel drivers n
chamelier chamelière
One whose occupation is to direct, handle and care for camels, especially as a part of a caravan travelling long distances.

camel meat n
viande de chameau viande caméline
Camel eaten as meat.

camel rider camel riders n
chamelier chamelière
Someone who rides a camel.

camel spider camel spiders n
solifuge
Any fast-moving, predatory desert arachnid belonging to the order Solifugae having massive paired chelicerae and a long body covered with tactile hairs.

camel through the eye of a needle phraseologicalUnit
faire passer un chameau par le chas d'une aiguille
(idiomatic) Hyperbole to illustrate something that is impossible to do or to make happen.

cameleer cameleers n
chamelière chamelier
Camel driver or camel rider, one who travels by camel.

camellia /kəˈmiːlɪ.ə/ /kəˈmɛlɪ.ə/ camellias n
camélia
Any plant of the genus Camellia, shrubs and small trees native to Asia; Camellia japonica is the most popular as a garden plant; Camellia sinensis is the tea plant.

cameltoe cameltoes n
cameltoe
(slang) The visible outline of a woman's labia or vulva, as a consequence of wearing tight pants.

camembert /ˈkæmɒmˌbeə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæməmˌbeː/ camemberts n
camembert
A soft, creamy cheese from France made from cow's milk.

cameo /ˈkæm.i.oʊ/ /ˈkæm.iː.əʊ/ cameoes cameos n
camaïeu camée
A piece of jewelry, etc., carved in relief.
caméo
A single very brief appearance, especially by a prominent celebrity in a movie or song.

camera /ˈkæməɹə/ /ˈkæmɹə/ camerae cameras cameræ n
appareil photo caméra
(photography) A device for taking still or moving pictures or photographs.
caméra appareil photo
(computer graphics, video games) The viewpoint in a three-dimensional game or simulation.

camera angle camera angles n
angle de prise de vue
(photography) The viewpoint from which something is photographed or filmed.

camera obscura /ˌkæm.ə.ɹə əbˈskjʊə.ɹə/ /ˌkæm.ɚ.ə əbˈskjʊɚ.ə/ /ˌkæm.ɹə əbˈskjʊə.ɹə/ /ˌkæm.ɹə əbˈskjʊɚ.ə/ camera obscuras camerae obscurae n
chambre noire
A darkened chamber in which the image of an outside object is projected and focused onto a surface.

cameralism n
caméralisme
The theories and practices of the cameralists.

cameraman cameramen n
caméraman cadreur
Somebody who operates a movie camera or television camera.

camerlengo camerlengos n
camerlingue
The cardinal who administers the Roman Catholic Church in the interregnum between Popes.

camomile /ˈkæ.məˌmaɪl/ /ˈkæ.məˌmil/ camomiles n
camomille
Matricaria recutita (formerly known as Matricaria chamomilla), German chamomile or Hungarian chamomile, with fragrant flowers used for tea, and as an herbal remedy.

camomile tea camomile teas n
camomille thé à la camomille
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of the camomile plant (either Matricaria recutita or Chamaemelum nobile) in hot water.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ camouflages n
déguisement camouflage
A disguise or covering up.
camouflage
The act of disguising.
(military) The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects, or tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the enemy.
(biology) Resemblance of an organism to its surroundings for avoiding detection.

camouflage /ˈkæ.məˌflɑːʒ/ v
camoufler
To hide or disguise something by covering it up or changing the way it looks.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] camps n
camp campement
An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
camp
An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style.
camp campament
A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.

camp /kæmp/ [kʰeəmp] [kʰɛəmp] v
bivouaquer camper
To set up a camp.
camper
(intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.

camp bed camp beds n
lit de camp lit pliant
(chiefly, UK) A lightweight portable bed used by the military, campers, etc.

camp follower camp followers n
vivandier
(chiefly, historical) A civilian who follows an army, typically a family member of a soldier or someone who provides services to the soldiers, e.g. prostitution, sale of liquor, cooking and laundry.

camp stove camp stoves n
réchaud
A portable stove used while camping.

campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ /kəmˈpeɪn/ campaigns n
campagne
A series of operations undertaken to achieve a set goal.

campaign /kæmˈpeɪn/ /kəmˈpeɪn/ v
faire campagne mener une campagne
(intransitive) To take part in a campaign.

campaniform more campaniform most campaniform adj
campaniforme

campanologic more campanologic most campanologic adj
campanologique
Of or relating to campanology.

campanology campanologies n
campanologie
The study of bells and their casting, tuning, and ringing.

campfire /ˈkæmpˌfaɪ̯ɚ/ [ˈkʰɛə̯mpˌfaɪ̯ɚ] campfires n
feu de camp
A fire at a campground or on a camping trip, often used for cooking, to provide light and heat, to drive away bugs, and as a focal point for sitting around in the evening and talking, telling stories, and singing.

campground campgrounds n
terrain de camping
An area where tents are pitched.

camphor /ˈkæmfə/ /ˈkæmfɚ/ camphors n
camphre
(organic compound) A white transparent waxy crystalline isoprenoid ketone, 1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, with a strong pungent odour, used in pharmacy.

camphor tree camphor trees n
arbre à camphre bois de Shiu camphrier laurier de Chine
An aromatic, glossy-leaved evergreen tree native to eastern Asia (Cinnamomum camphora, Camphora officinarum) grown as a shade tree as well as for timber and camphor.

camping /ˈkæmp.ɪŋ/ campings n
camping campisme
(uncountable) The recreational or educational activity of temporarily living in a tent or similar accommodation.

camping chair camping chairs n
chaise de camping
A lightweight folding chair used by campers.

campsite campsites n
camping terrain de camping campement
A place where one or more tents may be pitched for an overnight stay in an outdoor area.

camptonitic adj
camptonitique

campus /ˈkæmpəs/ /ˈkæmpʊs/ campuses campusses n
campus
The grounds or property of a school, college, university, business, church, or hospital, often understood to include buildings and other structures.

camshaft camshafts n
arbre à cames
A shaft fitted with cams; especially one in a piston engine that activates the valves.

can /ˈkæn/ /ˈkæːn/ [ˈkeən] cans n
bidon canette
A more or less cylindrical and often metal container or vessel.
boîte de conserve arrosoir
A container used to carry and dispense water for plants (a watering can).
WC chiottes
(US, slang) a toilet or lavatory.
boule fesses miches
(US, slang) Buttocks.

can /kən/ /ˈkæn/ /ˈkɛn/ [kʰn̩] [kʰən] [ˈkʰan] [ˈkʰæn] [ˈkʰɛən ~ ˈkʰeən] [ˈkʰɛːn] [ˈkʰɛˑn] v
pouvoir
(auxiliary, _, verb, defective) To know how to; to be able to.
(modal, _, auxiliary, _, verb, defective, informal) May; to be permitted or enabled to.

can /ˈkæn/ /ˈkæːn/ [ˈkeən] v
conserver
To preserve by heating and sealing in a jar or can.
jeter
To discard, scrap or terminate (an idea, project, etc.).
taire
(transitive, slang) To shut up.
limoger virer
(US, euphemistic) To fire or dismiss an employee.

can I buy you a drink phraseologicalUnit
puis-je vous offrir quelque chose à boire ?
Indicates the speaker wishes to buy the interlocutor a drink, in a bar.

can I come in /kən ˌaɪ kʌm ˈɪn/ [kən ˌaɪ kʰɐm ˈɪn] [kən ˌaɪ kʰʌm ˈɪn] phraseologicalUnit
puis-je entrer?
Asks for permission to enter a room.

can I help you phraseologicalUnit
puis-je vous aider ?
An offering of assistance.

can I use your phone phraseologicalUnit
puis-je utiliser votre téléphone
Indicates that the speaker wants to communicate with someone via the interlocutor's telephone, if it is available.

can of worms cans of worms n
sac de nœuds
(idiomatic) A complex, troublesome situation arising when a decision or action produces considerable subsequent problems.

can opener can openers n
ouvre-boîte ouvre-boîtes
A device used to open tin cans, usually by slicing the lid off.

can you help me phraseologicalUnit
peux-tu m'aider ? pouvez-vous m'aider ?
A request for help.

can't carry a tune in a bucket v
chanter comme une casserole

can't help v
ne pas pouvoir s'empêcher de ne rien pouvoir y faire être plus fort que soi
(idiom) Be unable to avoid a situation, or stop something from happening.

can't stand the sight of v
ne plus pouvoir voir en peinture

can't wait v
avoir hâte

canaigre /-ˈneɪɡə/ /kəˈnaɪɡri/ n
canaigre
(US) Rumex hymenosepalus, a species of dock native to southwestern North America with edible red stems and taproots containing tannin. [from mid 19th c.]

canal /kəˈnæl/ /kəˈnɛl/ canals n
canal
An artificial waterway or artificially improved river used for travel, shipping, or irrigation.
(anatomy) A tubular channel within the body.

canapé canapés n
canapé
An hors d’oeuvre, a bite-sized open-faced sandwich made of thin bread or toast topped with savory garnish.
A piece of furniture similar to a couch or settee, an elegant sofa.

canard /kəˈnɑɹd/ /kəˈnɑːd/ canards n
canard
A false or misleading report or story, especially if deliberately so.
avion-canard canard
(aviation) A type of aircraft in which the primary horizontal control and stabilization surfaces are in front of the main wing.
aileron moustache plan canard
(transport, engineering, by extension) Any small winglike structure on a vehicle, usually used for stabilization.

canary /kəˈnɛəɹi/ canaries n
canari
A small, usually yellow, finch (genus Serinus), a songbird native to the Canary Islands.
Any of various small birds of different countries, most of which are largely yellow in colour.
(countable, uncountable) A light, sweet, white wine from the Canary Islands.
jaune canari
A light, slightly greenish, yellow colour.

canary grass canary grasses n
alpiste
Phalaris canariensis, a grass whose seeds are used as birdseed

canary in a coal mine canaries in a coal mine canaries in coal mines n
avant-coureur canari dans une mine de charbon
(idiomatic) Something whose sensitivity to adverse conditions makes it a useful early indicator of such conditions; something which warns of the coming of greater danger or trouble by a deterioration in its health or welfare.

canasta /kəˈnæstə/ canastas n
canasta
(uncountable, games, card games) A card game similar to rummy and played using two packs, where the object is to meld groups of the same rank.
(countable, card games) A meld of seven cards in a game of canasta.

cancan cancans n
cancan
A high-kicking chorus line dance originating in France.

cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/ [ˈkɛən.sl̩ ~ ˈkeən.sl̩] cancels n
annulation
(US) A cancellation.

cancel /ˈkæn.sl̩/ [ˈkɛən.sl̩ ~ ˈkeən.sl̩] v
annuler décommander résilier mettre fin se désabonner
(transitive) To invalidate or annul something.
compenser neutraliser
(transitive) To offset or equalize something.
annuler éliminer
(transitive, mathematics) To remove a common factor from both the numerator and denominator of a fraction, or from both sides of an equation.
oblitérer annuler
(transitive, neologism) To cease to provide financial or moral support to (someone deemed unacceptable); to disinvite. Compare cancel culture.

cancel culture n
cancel culture culture de l'annulation
(neologism, often, derogatory) The cultural phenomenon of publicly shaming, rejecting, and ceasing to provide support to people, companies, stores, etc. that are deemed unacceptable, and calling on others to boycott them.

cancellable more cancellable most cancellable adj
résiliable
Which can be cancelled.

cancellation /kænsəˈleɪʃən/ cancellations n
annulation résiliation suppression élimination
The act, process, or result of cancelling; as, the cancellation of certain words in a contract, or of the contract itself.

cancelled adj
annulé
No longer planned or scheduled.

cancellous adj
spongieux
(anatomy, of bone) Having low density and strength but high surface area, of the kind that fills the inner cavity of long bones.

cancer /ˈkænsə/ /ˈkænsɚ/ /ˈkæːnsə/ cancers n
cancer
(medicine, oncology, disease) A disease in which the cells of a tissue undergo uncontrolled (and often rapid) proliferation.

cancerous /ˈkænsəɹəs/ more cancerous most cancerous adj
cancéreux
(oncology) Relating to or affected with cancer.

candela /kænˈdiːlə/ /kænˈdɛlə/ /ˈkændɪlə/ candelae candelas n
candela candéla
In the International System of Units, the base unit of luminous intensity; the luminous intensity, in a given direction, of a source that emits monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 × 1012 hertz and that has a radiant intensity in that direction of 1/683 watt per steradian. Symbol: cd

candelabrum /kændɪˈleɪbɹəm/ /kændɪˈlɑːbɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈæ.bɹəm/ /ˌkæn.dl̩ˈɑ.bɹəm/ candelabra candelabrums n
candélabre
A candle holder.

candid /ˈkæn.dɪd/ candider candidest adj
candide
sincère
Straightforward, open and sincere.
spontané
Not posed or rehearsed.

candid camera candid cameras n
caméra cachée
(photography, hyphenated when used attributively) A camera which is concealed or unobtrusive, used to obtain candid photographs of people who usually are unaware; the practice of taking such photos.

candidacy /ˈkændɪdəsi/ candidacies n
candidature
The state of being a candidate; candidateship.

candidate /ˈkæn.dɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪ.dɪt/ /ˈkæn.dɪdət/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.deɪt/ /ˈkæn.ɪ.dɪt/ candidates n
candidat candidate
A person who is running in an election.

candidature /ˈkændɪdətjʊɚ/ /ˈkændɪdət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkændɪdət͡ʃʊɚ/ candidatures n
candidature
(Commonwealth, Ireland) The condition of becoming a candidate; candidateship.

candidiasis /ˌkændɪˈdaɪəsɪs/ candidiases n
candidose
(pathology) A fungal infection of any of the Candida (yeast) species.

candidly /ˈkændɪdli/ more candidly most candidly adv
de bonne foi
in a candid manner; frankly

candle /ˈkændl̩/ /ˈkændəl/ candles n
bougie chandelle
A light source consisting of a wick embedded in a solid, flammable substance such as wax, tallow, or paraffin.

candle in the wind candles in the wind n
petite chose fragile
(idiomatic) A fragile or vulnerable thing, likely to be put in jeopardy.

candle snuffer candle snuffers n
éteignoir mouchette
A device made to extinguish (snuff out) a candle.

candleholder candleholders n
chandelier
A device for holding one or more lit candles

candlelit dinner candlelit dinners n
dîner aux chandelles

candlepower candlepowers n
bougie
(dated) A unit of luminous intensity of a light source, equal to 0.981 candelas.

candlestick /ˈkændl̩ˌstɪk/ /ˈkændəlˌstɪk/ candlesticks n
chandelier bougeoir
A holder with a socket or spike for a candle.

candor /ˈkæn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈkæn.dɚ/ candors n
candeur
The state of being sincere and open in speech; honesty in expression. [from c. 1600]

candrabindu candrabindus n
chandrabindu tchandrabindou
A diacritic used in Indic scripts like Devanagari (ँ), Bengali (ঁ), Gurmukhi ( ਁ), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), and Telugu (ఁ) scripts. It usually indicates that the previous vowel is nasalized. Shown here over the letter "ka" (or in the case of Telugu, after the "ka"):

candy /ˈkændi/ candies n
bonbon sucrerie dragée
(countable, chiefly, North America, Philippines) A piece of confectionery of this kind.

candy /ˈkændi/ v
confire candir
(cooking) To cook in, or coat with, sugar syrup.

candy apple candy apples n
pomme d'amour
(US) An apple with a hard sugar candy coating.

candy bar candy bars n
barre chocolatée barre de chocolat
(US) A kind of candy in the shape of a bar, often made of chocolate.

candy cane /ˈkændi ˌkeɪn/ candy canes n
canne de Noël canne de bonbon sucre d'orge
(US, Canada) An edible candy in the shape of a cane or staff, generally consumed during Christmas time and usually having a peppermint flavor.

candy floss /ˈkændi ˌflɒs/ candy flosses n
barbe à papa
(UK, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia) Heated sugar spun into thin threads and collected into a mass, usually on a stick.

candy pink candy pinks n
rose bonbon

candyman candymen n
confiseur
A male confectioner.
dealer
(slang) A male drug dealer.

cane /keɪn/ canes n
canne
(uncountable) The plant itself, including many species in the grass family Gramineae; a reed
(countable) A short rod or stick, traditionally of wood or bamboo, used for corporal punishment.
canne tige
(uncountable) The slender, flexible main stem of a plant such as bamboo, including many species in the grass family Gramineae
bastonnade
(with "the") Corporal punishment by beating with a cane.
canne canne blanche
(countable) A long rod often collapsible and commonly white (for visibility to other persons), used by vision impaired persons for guidance in determining their course and for probing for obstacles in their path

cane /keɪn/ v
bâtonner
To strike or beat with a cane or similar implement.

cane rat cane rats n
aulacode
A large rodent of the genus Thryonomys, native to subsaharan Africa.

cane sugar cane sugars n
sucre de canne
Sugar obtained from the sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum).

cane toad cane toads n
crapaud-buffle
A large toad, Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus), of Central and South America, introduced to Australia and various Pacific islands where it is now an invasive pest species.

canefield canefields n
champ de canne
A field where sugar cane is grown.

canephora canephoras n
canéphore
(architecture) A caryatid supporting a basket on her head.

canid /ˈkeɪnəd/ /ˈkænəd/ canids n
canidé
Any member of the family Canidae, including canines (dogs, wolves, coyotes and jackals) and vulpines (foxes).

canine /kəˈnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪnaɪn/ /ˈkeɪˌnaɪn/ /ˈkænaɪn/ adj
canin
Of, or pertaining to, a dog or dogs.

canine tooth canine teeth n
dent de l'œil dent œillère
One of the pointed teeth behind the incisors and in front of the premolar teeth.

caning /ˈkeɪnɪŋ/ canings n
bastonnade
A beating with a cane.

caninoid more caninoid most caninoid adj
caninoïde

cannabis /ˈkænəbɪs/ cannabises n
cannabis
A mildly euphoriant or sedating, intoxicating hallucinogenic drug prepared from various parts of this plant.

canned /kænd/ adj
boîte conserve
Preserved in cans.

canned laughter n
rires en boîte rires enregistrés
Previously-recorded laughter that is edited into the soundtrack of a TV programme

cannibal /ˈkænɪbəl/ cannibals n
cannibale
An organism which eats others of its own species or kind, especially a human who eats human flesh.

cannibalism cannibalisms n
cannibalisme
The act of eating another of one's own species.

cannibalistic /kan.ɪ.bəˈlɪs.tɪk/ /kæn.ə.bəˈlɪs.tɪk/ more cannibalistic most cannibalistic adj
cannibale
Tending toward cannibalism.

canning /ˈkænɪŋ/ cannings n
mise en boîte mise en conserve
The process of preserving food by heat processing in a sealed vessel (a jar or can).

cannoli /kaˈnəʊlɪ/ /kəˈnoʊli/ /kəˈnəʊlɪ/ /k̬ɐˈnɔːlɪ̆/ cannoli cannolis n
cannolo
(chiefly, _, in the plural) A tube of fried pastry, typical of Sicily, filled with ricotta or similar cream cheese, and flavorings, eaten as a dessert.

cannon /ˈkæn.ən/ cannon cannons n
canon
(historical) A large muzzle-loading artillery piece.
(Chinese chess) A piece which moves horizontally and vertically like a rook but captures another piece by jumping over a different piece in the line of attack.

cannon bone cannon bones n
canon
The metacarpal of a horse.
The metatarsal of a horse.

cannon fodder n
chair à canon
Military forces considered to be expendable.

cannon shot n
coup de canon

cannonade /ˈkæn.ənˌeɪd/ cannonades n
canonnade
The firing of artillery for a length of time.

cannonball /ˈkænənˌbɔːl/ cannonballs n
boulet de canon
A spherical projectile fired from a smoothbore cannon.

cannot /kænˈɒt/ /kə(n)ˈnɑt/ /kəˈnɑt/ /ˈkæ(n.)nɑt/ /ˈkænɒt/ /ˈkɛ(n.)nɑt/ v
ne pas pouvoir
Can not (be unable to).
Be forbidden or not permitted to

cannot but v
ne pas pouvoir ne pas
To have to; to cannot help; to be unable to do otherwise than.

cannula /ˈkænjʊlə/ cannulae cannulas cannulæ n
canule
(medicine) A tube inserted in the body to drain or inject fluid.

canny /ˈkæni/ cannier canniest adj
prudent
Careful, prudent, cautious.
astucieux rusé
Knowing, shrewd, astute.

canoe /kəˈnuː/ canoes n
canoë
A small long and narrow boat, propelled by one or more people (depending on the size of canoe), using single-bladed paddles. The paddlers face in the direction of travel, in either a seated position, or kneeling on the bottom of the boat. Canoes are open on top, and pointed at both ends.

canoeist canoeists n
canoéiste
A person who travels by canoe.

canola oil canola oils n
huile de canola
A vegetable oil pressed from canola seeds, used in cooking or as basis for biodiesel.

canon /ˈkæn.ən/ canons n
chanoine
A clergy member serving a cathedral or collegiate church.
canon
A group of literary works that are generally accepted as representing a field.
A religious law or body of law decreed by the church.
A piece of music in which the same melody is played by different voices, but beginning at different times; a round.
(fandom, uncountable) Those sources, especially including literary works, which are considered part of the main continuity regarding a given fictional universe.
gros-canon
(printing, dated, uncountable) A large size of type formerly used for printing the church canons, standardized as 48-point.
anses
The part of a bell by which it is suspended; the ear or shank of a bell.

canon law canon laws n
droit canon droit canonique

canoness canonesses n
chanoinesse
(dated) A woman who holds a canonry in a conventual chapter.

canonical /kəˈnɑn.ɪ.kəl/ /kəˈnɒn.ɪ.kl̩/ more canonical most canonical adj
canonique
Present in a canon, religious or otherwise.
(religion) In conformity with canon law.
(mathematics, computing) In canonical form.
orthodoxe
According to recognised or orthodox rules.
basique
Stated or used in the most basic and straightforwardly applicable manner.

canonical form canonical forms n
forme canonique
(mathematics, computing) A standard or normal presentation of a mathematical entity or a text string, etc.

canonical hour canonical hours n
heure canoniale
The three-hour intervals of daytime religious services appointed by canon law.

canonicalization canonicalizations n
canonicalisation
(computing) standardization, normalization

canonically more canonically most canonically adv
canonialement canoniquement
In a canonical manner.

canonization canonizations n
canonisation
(Christianity) The final process or decree (following beatification) by which the name of a deceased person is placed in the catalogue (canon) of saints and commended to perpetual veneration and invocation.
The state of being canonized or sainted.

canonize /ˈkænənaɪz/ /ˈkænəˌnaɪz/ v
canoniser
(chiefly, Roman Catholicism) To declare (a deceased person) as a saint, and enter them into the canon of saints.

canonry canonries n
canonicat
The office of a canon; a benefice or prebend in a cathedral or collegiate church.

canopy /ˈkæ.nə.pi/ canopies n
baldaquin dais voûte
A high cover providing shelter, such as a cloth supported above an object, particularly over a bed.
marquise
Any overhanging or projecting roof structure, typically over entrances or doors.
canopée
The zone of the highest foliage and branches of a forest.
toile de parachute
In a parachute, the cloth that fills with air and thus limits the falling speed.

canopy bed canopy beds n
lit à baldaquin
A bed equipped with a canopy.

cant /kænt/ cants n
argot
(countable, uncountable) A private or secret language used by a religious sect, gang, or other group.
blabla langue de bois
(uncountable, pejorative) Empty, hypocritical talk.
lamentation
(uncountable) Whining speech, such as that used by beggars.
armes parlantes
(countable, heraldry) A blazon of a coat of arms that makes a pun upon the name (or, less often, some attribute or function) of the bearer, canting arms.

cant /kænt/ v
canter incliner
(transitive) To set (something) at an angle.

cantaloupe /ˈkæn.tə.loʊp/ /ˈkæn.tə.luːp/ cantaloupes n
cantaloup
A melon of species Cucumis melo subsp. melo with sweet orange flesh, with numerous cultivars in several cultivar groups.

cantankerous /kænˈtæŋkəɹəs/ /kənˈtæŋkəɹəs/ more cantankerous most cantankerous adj
irritable
Given to or marked by an ill-tempered, quarrelsome nature; ill-tempered, cranky, crabby.

cantata /kənˈtɑːtə/ cantatas cantate n
cantate
(music) A vocal composition accompanied by instruments and generally containing more than one movement, typical of 17th and 18th century Italian music.

canteen /kænˈtin/ /kænˈtiːn/ [kʰɛə̯nˈtin] canteens n
cantine cafétéria cafèt’
A small cafeteria or snack bar, especially one in a military establishment, school, or place of work.
gourde bidon
A water bottle, flask, or other vessel, typically used by a soldier or camper as a bottle for carrying water or liquor for drink

canter /ˈkæntɚ/ canters n
petit galop
A gait of a horse between a trot and a gallop, consisting of three beats and a "suspension" phase, where there are no feet on the ground. Also describing this gait on other four-legged animals.

canthus /ˈkænθəs/ canthi canthuses n
canthus coin de l'œil coin de la paupière
(anatomy) Either corner of the eye, where the eyelids meet.

canticle /ˈkæntɪkəl/ canticles n
cantique
A chant, hymn or song, especially a nonmetrical one, with words from a biblical text.

cantilever /ˈkantɪliːvə/ cantilevers n
porte-à-faux
(architecture) A beam anchored at one end and projecting into space, such as a long bracket projecting from a wall to support a balcony.

cantillate v
cantiller
To chant, or to recite musically (especially in a synagogue).

cantillation /ˌkæntɪˈleɪʃən/ cantillations n
cantillation
The intonation of a sentence, especially in Hebrew script, codified by marks which are read as sequences of musical pitches.

canting arms n
armes parlantes
(heraldry) A heraldic bearing in the form of a visual pun.

cantle /ˈkantəl/ /ˈkæntəl/ cantles n
troussequin
The raised back of a saddle.

canton /ˈkæntn̩/ /ˈkæntɒn/ cantons n
canton
A division of Luxembourg, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc.
A subdivision of an arrondissement of France.
(heraldiccharge) A division of a shield occupying one third of the chief, usually on the dexter side, formed by a perpendicular line from the top meeting a horizontal line from the side.

cantonal adj
cantonal
Of, pertaining to, or divided into cantons.

cantonist cantonists n
cantoniste
(historical) A young boy in the Russian Empire who was taken to a special school to be trained for future compulsory military service.

canvas /ˈkænvæs/ /ˈkænvəs/ canvases canvasses n
toile
A type of coarse cloth, woven from hemp, useful for making sails and tents or as a surface for paintings.
toile canevas
A piece of canvas cloth stretched across a frame on which one may paint.

canvas /ˈkænvæs/ /ˈkænvəs/ v
entoiler toiler
(transitive) To cover (an area or object) with canvas.

canvass /ˈkænvəs/ v
soliciter
(specifically, politics) To seek the support of (voters or a constituency) in a forthcoming election or poll through personal solicitation or public addresses.

canyon /ˈkænjən/ canyons n
canyon gorge
A valley, especially a long, narrow, steep valley, cut in rock by a river.

caoutchouc /ˈkaʊt͡ʃuk/ /ˈkaʊt͡ʃʊk/ caoutchoucs n
caoutchouc
latex; natural rubber

cap /kæp/ [kʰæp] caps n
chapeau mortier
An academic mortarboard.
bouchon capsule capuchon couvercle opercule
A protective cover or seal.
couronne
A crown for covering a tooth.
cime sommet
The summit of a mountain, etc.
plafond
An artificial upper limit or ceiling.
chapeau carpophore pileus tête
The top part of a mushroom.
(nautical) A collar of iron or wood used in joining spars, as the mast and the topmast, the bowsprit and the jib boom; also, a covering of tarred canvas at the end of a rope.
casquette bonnet tuque
(obsolete) A respectful uncovering of the head.
calotte
(geometry) A portion of a spherical or other convex surface.

cap and trade n
bourse du carbone
A market-based approach to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in emissions, participating companies being assigned an emissions quota that can be traded with others if not used.

cap'n /ˈkæpn̩/ [ˈkæʔm̩] cap'ns n
cap'taine
(informal) Contraction of captain used as a title.

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ˌkæɪ.pəˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] capabilities n
capacité
the power or ability to generate an outcome

capable /ˈkeɪpəbəl/ more capable most capable adj
capable
Able and efficient; having the ability needed for a specific task; having the disposition to do something; permitting or being susceptible to something.

capacious /kəˈpeɪʃəs/ more capacious most capacious adj
spacieux
Having a lot of space inside; roomy.

capacitance capacitances n
capacité électrique
(physics, uncountable) The property of an electric circuit or its element that permits it to store charge, defined as the ratio of stored charge to potential over that element or circuit (Q/V); SI unit: farad (F).

capacitive more capacitive most capacitive adj
capacitif
Of or pertaining to electrostatic capacitance

capacitor capacitors n
condensateur
(electronics) An electronic component capable of storing electrical energy in an electric field; especially one consisting of two conductors separated by a dielectric.

capacity /kəˈpæsɪti/ capacities n
capacité
The ability to hold, receive, or absorb
Capability; the ability to perform some task
Electrical capacitance.
qualité
A role; the position in which one functions

caparison caparisons n
caparaçon
The often ornamental coverings for an animal, especially a horse or an elephant.

cape /keɪp/ capes n
cap
(geography) A piece or point of land, extending beyond the adjacent coast into a sea or lake; a promontory; a headland.
cape
A sleeveless garment or part of a garment, hanging from the neck over the back, arms, and shoulders.

caped /ˈkeɪpt/ adj
encapé
Wearing a cape or capes.

caped crusader /ˈkeɪpt kɹuːˈseɪdə/ pn
croisé encapé
The superhero Batman.

capelin capelin capelins n
capelan
Mallotus villosus, a type of smelt found in the Atlantic and Arctic oceans.

caper /ˈkeɪpə/ /ˈkeɪpɚ/ capers n
cabriole
A playful leap or jump.
câpre
The pungent grayish green flower bud of the European and Oriental caper (Capparis spinosa), which is pickled and eaten.

caper /ˈkeɪpə/ /ˈkeɪpɚ/ v
batifoler cabrioler
To leap or jump about in a sprightly or playful manner.

caperberry caperberries n
capron
Capparis spinosa, a perennial winter-deciduous plant that bears rounded, fleshy leaves and large white to pinkish-white flowers, often eaten as pickled buds (capers).
A flower bud of a caper tree, sometimes served pickled as a garnish.

capercaillie /kæpəˈkeɪli/ /kæpɚˈkeɪli/ capercaillies n
grand tétras grand coq de bruyère
A large, black grouse of the genus Tetrao in the bird family Phasianidae, especially the western capercaillie, Tetrao urogallus.

capillary /kəˈpɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈkæpɪˌlɛɹi/ capillaries n
capillaire
(anatomy) Any of the small blood vessels (from 5 to 10 micrometres/micrometers (μm) in diameter) that connect arteries to veins (They are the smallest blood vessels in the body: they convey blood between the arterioles and venules).

capillary action n
capillarité
(physics) The drawing of a liquid (often against gravity) into or up narrow interstices due to surface tension

capisce /kəˈpiʃ/ /kəˈpiːʃ/ interjection
compris? pigé?
(slang) "Get it?"; "understood?".

capital /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/ [ˈkæp.ɪ.ɾəl] adj
excellent
(comparable, UK, dated) Excellent.
capital
(crime) Punishable by, or involving punishment by, death.
majuscule
Uppercase.

capital /ˈkæp.ɪ.təl/ [ˈkæp.ɪ.ɾəl] capitals n
capital
(uncountable, business, finance, insurance) Money and wealth. The means to acquire goods and services, especially in a non-barter system.
chapiteau
(countable, architectural element) The uppermost part of a column.

capital adequacy n
adéquation des fonds propres

capital city capital cities n
capitale chef-lieu
A city (or cities) much larger or more important to a country than all others, regardless of the actual seat of government (cf., Moscow and Saint Petersburg regardless of moves of the Russian government; Amsterdam despite the Dutch government having been situated in The Hague since 1588).

capital flight n
fuite des capitaux
(economics) The rapid flow of money or assets out of a country in response to globalization or some other economic event.

capital gain capital gains n
plus-value
(economics) An increase in the value of a capital asset.
(business, finance) An amount by which the value or the proceeds of the sale of a capital asset by its owner exceed its cost to the owner.

capital gains tax capital gains taxes n
impôt sur les plus-values
(tax) A tax levied on the profit made from selling any "capital" (i.e. non-inventory) asset.

capital good capital goods n
bien d'équipement bien de production

capital letter capital letters n
majuscule

capital punishment capital punishments n
peine de mort peine capitale
The practice of putting a person to death as a punishment for a crime.

capital ship capital ships n
bâtiment précieux navire capital
(nautical) Any of the most important types of warships, capable of projecting a fleet in being.

capitalisation capitalisations n
capitalisation
Choice of case (when writing a word); the act or process of writing a word in a particular case, such as ALL CAPS, Title Case, CamelCase, Sentence case, or all lowercase.
(in particular) The act or process of writing (something: either an entire word or text, or just the initial letter(s) thereof) in capital letters.
The act or process of seizing (an opportunity) and profiting or obtaining an advantage (from it).
The state of being capitalised.

capitalism /ˈkapɪt(ə)lɪz(ə)m/ /ˈkæpɪ̈tl̩ˌɪzm̩/ capitalisms n
capitalisme
(politics, economic liberalism) A socio-economic system based on private property rights, including the private ownership of resources or capital, with economic decisions made largely through the operation of a market unregulated by the state.

capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ more capitalist most capitalist adj
capitaliste
Supporting or endorsing capitalism.

capitalist /ˈkæp.ɪ.tə.lɪst/ capitalists n
capitaliste
A person who is a supporter of capitalism.

capitalistic more capitalistic most capitalistic adj
capitaliste
Of or pertaining to capitalism or to capitalists.

capitalize /ˈkæpətəˌlaɪz/ v
capitaliser
(transitive) In writing or editing, to write (something: either an entire word or text, or just the initial letter(s) thereof) in capital letters, in upper case.
(transitive, finance) To convert into capital, i.e., to get cash or similar immediately fungible resources for some less fungible property or source of future income.

capitate bone capitate bones n
capitatum os capitatum
The largest of the bones in the human wrist.

capitulate /kəˈpɪ.tjʊ.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪ.t͡ʃə.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪt͡ʃ.jə.leɪt/ /kəˈpɪt͡ʃ.jʊ.leɪt/ v
capituler rendre
(intransitive) To surrender; to end all resistance, to give up; to go along with or comply.

capitulation capitulations n
capitulation
The act of capitulating or surrendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms; the act of ceasing to resist an opponent or an unwelcome demand.

capon /ˈkeɪpən/ capons n
chapon
A cockerel which has been gelded and fattened for the table.

caponata caponatas n
caponata
A Sicilian dish of baked aubergines with capers, olives, pine nuts etc, normally served cold.

caponier /ˌkæp.əˈnɪə/ /ˌkæp.əˈnɪɚ/ caponiers n
caponnière
(military, historical) A work made across or in a ditch, to protect it from the enemy (as fire from it could cover the ditch), or to serve as a covered passageway (e.g. to outworks).

caponize v
chaponner
(transitive) To castrate (a cockerel) in order to fatten it for table use.

capotasto capotastos n
capodastre
(music) A device, placed across the strings of a fretted instrument such as a guitar, to shorten the strings and thus allow upward transposition without altered fingering

cappuccino /-pə-/ /ˌkæpəˈt͡ʃini/ /ˌkæpəˈt͡ʃinoʊ/ /ˌkæpʊˈtʃiːni/ /ˌkæpʊˈtʃiːnəʊ/ cappuccini cappuccinos n
cappuccino
(uncountable) An Italian coffee-based beverage made from espresso to which milk that has been steamed and/or frothed is added; (countable) a cup of this beverage.

capri pants n
capri corsaire pantacourt
Casual pants or trousers, usually for women, with the bottom hem reaching to below the knee but above the ankle; usually lightweight and summery.

capric adj
caprique
Of, pertaining to, or derived from capric acid

capric acid n
acide caprique
(fatty acid) A fatty acid, CH3(CH2)8COOH, obtained from animal fats, and used in the manufacture of perfumes and flavours.

capriccio /kəˈpriːt͡ʃoʊ/ capricci capriccios n
capriccio
(music) A piece of music, usually fairly free in form and of a lively character.

caprice /kəˈpɹiːs/ caprices n
caprice
An impulsive, seemingly unmotivated action, change of mind, or notion.

capricious /kəˈpɹɪʃəs/ more capricious most capricious adj
capricieux
Impulsive and unpredictable; determined by chance, impulse, or whim.

caprid /ˈkæprɪd/ caprids n
caprin

caprine /ˈkæp.ɹɪn/ /ˈkæpˌɹaɪn/ /ˈkæpˌɹin/ caprines n
capriné

caprizant more caprizant most caprizant adj
caprisant

caprolactam caprolactams n
caprolactame
(organic compound) A lactam (cyclic amide) manufactured from cyclohexanone and used in the manufacture of nylon.

capsicum /ˈkæpsɪkəm/ capsica capsicums n
piment piment doux
Any of several tropical American plants, of the genus Capsicum, principally the species Capsicum annuum and Capsicum frutescens, that are cultivated as edible peppers.

capsize /kæpˈsaɪz/ v
chavirer faire chavirer
(transitive, nautical) To cause (a ship) to overturn.

capsizing capsizings n
chavirage
An overturning of a boat etc.

capslock capslocks n
verrouillage majuscule
(computing, countable) A key on the keyboard that activates capslock.

capstan /ˈkæp.stən/ capstans n
cabestan
(nautical) A vertical cylindrical machine that revolves on a spindle, used to apply force to ropes, cables, etc. It is typically surmounted by a drumhead with sockets for levers used to turn it.
(electronics) A rotating spindle used to move recording tape through the mechanism of a tape recorder.

capstone capstones n
couronnement
(figurative) A crowning achievement, culmination or finishing touch.

capsule /ˈkæps(ə)l/ /ˈkæpsjuːl/ /ˈkæpʃuːl/ capsules n
capsule gélule
(physiology) A membranous envelope.
(botany) A type of simple, dehiscent, dry fruit (seed-case) produced by many species of flowering plants, such as poppy, lily, orchid, willow and cotton.
(astronautics) A detachable part of a rocket or spacecraft (usually in the nose) containing the crew's living space.
(pharmacy) A small container containing a dose of medicine.

capsule hotel capsule hotels n
hôtel capsule
A type of hotel with a number of very small "rooms" (capsules).

captain /ˈkæp.tən/ /ˈkæp.tɪn/ /ˈkæp.ən/ [ˈkæpm̩] [ˈkæpn̩] captains n
capitaine
The person lawfully in command of a ship or other vessel.
An army officer with a rank between the most senior grade of lieutenant and major.
One of the athletes on a sports team who is designated to make decisions, and is allowed to speak for his team with a referee or official.
capitaine capitaine de vaisseau
A commissioned officer in the United States Navy, Coast Guard, NOAA Corps, or PHS Corps of a grade superior to a commander and junior to a rear admiral (lower half). A captain is equal in grade or rank to a United States Army, Marine Corps, or Air Force colonel.

captain /ˈkæp.tən/ /ˈkæp.tɪn/ /ˈkæp.ən/ [ˈkæpm̩] [ˈkæpn̩] v
agir en capitaine piloter
(transitive) To exercise command of a ship, aircraft or sports team.

captain of industry captains of industry n
capitaine d'industrie

caption /ˈkæp.ʃən/ captions n
légende
A title or brief explanation attached to an illustration, cartoon, user interface element, etc.
sous-titre légende sous-titrage pour sourds et malentendants
(cinematography, television) A piece of text appearing on screen as a subtitle or other part of a film or broadcast, describing dialogue (and sometimes other sound) for viewers who cannot hear.

caption /ˈkæp.ʃən/ v
légender
To add captions to a text or illustration.
sous-titrer
To add captions to a film or broadcast.

captious /ˈkæpʃəs/ more captious most captious adj
piège
(obsolete) That captures; especially, (of an argument, words etc.) designed to capture or entrap in misleading arguments; sophistical.
pinailleur
Having a disposition to find fault unreasonably or to raise petty objections; cavilling, nitpicky.

captivate /ˈkæptəˌveɪt/ /ˈkæptəˌvət/ /ˈkæptɪveɪt/ /ˈkæptɪvət/ v
captiver
(figuratively) To attract and hold (someone's) attention and interest; to charm, to entrance, to fascinate.

captivating /ˈkæptɪveɪtɪŋ/ /ˈkæptɪvæɪtɪŋ/ [ˈkæptɪveɪɾɪŋ] [ˈkæptɪvæɪɾɪŋ] more captivating most captivating adj
fascinant captivant passionnant prenant
Showing great beauty; beautiful.

captive /ˈkæptɪv/ adj
captif
Held prisoner; not free; confined.

captive /ˈkæptɪv/ captives n
captif captive
One who has been captured or is otherwise confined.

captivity /kæpˈtɪvɪti/ captivities n
captivité
The state of being captive.

capture /ˈkæp.t͡ʃə/ /ˈkæp.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkæp.ʃə/ /ˈkæp.ʃɚ/ captures n
capture
The securing of an object of strife or desire, as by the power of some attraction.
prisonnier
Something that has been captured; a captive.

capture /ˈkæp.t͡ʃə/ /ˈkæp.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkæp.ʃə/ /ˈkæp.ʃɚ/ v
capturer saisir
(transitive) To take control of; to seize by force or stratagem.
enregistrer
(transitive) To store (as in sounds or image) for later revisitation.
capturer
(transitive) To reproduce convincingly.
prendre
(transitive) To remove or take control of an opponent’s piece in a game (e.g., chess, go, checkers).

capturing group capturing groups n
group de capture

capuchin monkey capuchin monkeys n
capucin
A New World monkey of the genus Cebus, coloured black on the top of the head.

capybara /kapɪˈbɑːɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbæɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɑɹə/ /ˌkæpiˈbɛɹə/ capybaras n
capybara cabiai
A semi-aquatic South American rodent, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris, the largest living rodent.

car /kɑɹ/ /kɑː/ [kʰaː] [kʰäɾ] cars n
voiture automobile auto char
A wheeled vehicle that moves independently, with at least three wheels, powered mechanically, steered by a driver and mostly for personal transportation.

car bomb car bombs n
voiture piégée
An automobile laden with a large amount of explosives, and used as a bomb primarily in order to cause external damage.
An explosive device installed in an automobile with the primary purpose of killing the occupants of the car.
An alcoholic beverage made by dropping a shot of liquor into a glass of beer.

car chase car chases n
course-poursuite
(road transport) A chase, usually high-speed, between people in two or more cars or other vehicles, normally between the police or other law enforcement and an offender.

car door car doors n
portière
(automotive, rail) A door designed for use on a car (whether a railway carriage or an automobile).

car insurance car insurances n
assurance auto assurance automobile

car key car keys n
clé de voiture
A key used to unlock or start a car.

car part car parts n
pièce de voiture
(automotive) A part that can be fitted to a car, often as a replacement for a worn-out or damaged part.

car rental car rentals n
location de voiture
(US) The hiring of automobiles (motor cars) for relatively short periods.

car wash car washes n
lave-auto station de lavage
A place at which a car is washed, usually for a fee and often mechanically by driving the car through a tunnel.

carabineer carabineers n
carabinier
(historical) A cavalry soldier.

carabiner /ˈkɛ.ɹəˌbi.nɚ/ /ˌkæ.ɹəˈbiː.nə/ carabiners n
mousqueton
A metal link with a gate that can open and close, generally used for clipping ropes to anchors or other objects.

caracal /ˈkeɚ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌkæl/ /ˈkæɹ.əˌkæl/ /ˈkɛɚ.əˌkæl/ caracals n
caracal
A type of cat native to Southern Africa, West Asia, and parts of Central and South Asia, Caracal caracal.

caracole /ˈkæɹəkəʊl/ caracoles n
caracole
A half-turn performed by a horse and rider in dressage.

carafe /kəˈɹæf/ carafes n
carafe carafon
A bottle, usually glass and with a flared lip, used for serving water, wine, or other beverages.

caramel /ˈkarəm(ə)l/ /ˈkarəmɛl/ /ˈkerəˌmel/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkæɹ.ə.mɛl/ /ˈkɑrməl/ /ˈkɑɹ.məl/ /ˈkɑɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.məl/ /ˈkɛɹ.ə.mɛl/ caramels n
caramel
(countable) A (sometimes hardened) piece of this confection.

caramelize /ˈkar(ə)məlʌɪz/ v
caraméliser
(cooking, transitive) To brown (sugar, or a foodstuff containing sugar) by means of heat.

carapace /ˈkæ.ɹəˌpeɪs/ /ˈkɛɹ.əˌpeɪs/ carapaces n
carapace
A hard protective covering of bone or chitin, especially one which covers the dorsal portion of an animal.

carat /ˈkæɹ.ət/ carats n
carat
A metric unit of weight equal to exactly 200 mg, chiefly used for measuring precious stones and pearls .
(historical) Any of several small units of weight used for measuring precious stones and pearls, equivalent to 189–212 mg.
A 24-point scale used to measure the purity of gold.

caravan /kaɾəˈvan/ /ˈkæɹəvæn/ caravans n
roulotte
caravane
A convoy or procession of travellers, their cargo and vehicles, and any pack animals, especially camels crossing a desert.

caravanserai /ˌkæɹəˈvænsəɹaɪ/ /ˌkɛɹəˈvænsəˌɹaɪ/ caravanserais n
caravansérail
(chiefly, historical) A roadside inn, usually having a central courtyard where caravans (see sense 3) can rest, providing accommodation for travellers along trade routes in Asia and North Africa.

caravel /ˈkæɹəvɛl/ /ˈkɛ-/ /ˌkæɹəˈvɛl/ caravels n
caravelle
(nautical, historical) A light, usually lateen-rigged sailing ship used by the Portuguese and Spanish for about 300 years from the 15th century, first for trade and later for voyages of exploration.

caraway /ˈkæɹəˌweɪ/ /ˈkɛɹəˌweɪ/ caraways n
carvi cumin
The seed-like fruit of the caraway plant.

carb /kɑɹb/ /kɑːb/ carbs n
glucide
(informal, usually, in the plural)
(informal)
(drugs) The hole on a pipe which is covered and opened to control the inflow of air.

carbamazepine /ˌkɑɹ.bəˈmæz.əˌpin/ /ˌkɑː.bəˈmeɪ.zɪ.piːn/ carbamazepines n
carbamazépine
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound of the benzodiazepine class, used as an anticonvulsant and analgesic drug.

carbamic acid n
acide carbamique
(organic compound) amino-formic acid, NH2COOH; it is too unstable to have been isolated, but its esters and salts are known.

carbene /ˈkɑɹ.bin/ carbenes n
carbène

carbine /ˈkɑɹ.baɪn/ /ˈkɑɹ.bin/ /ˈkɑː.baɪn/ /ˈkɑː.bin/ carbines n
carabine
A rifle with a short barrel.

carbinol carbinols n
carbinol
(obsolete, organic compound, uncountable) The compound methanol.
(obsolete, organic chemistry, countable) Any substituted methanol.

carbinolamine carbinolamines n
carbinolamine
(organic chemistry) A hemiaminal

carbohydrate /kɑːbəʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ /kɑːɹboʊˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ carbohydrates n
glucide
(organic chemistry, nutrition) A sugar, starch, or cellulose that is a food source of energy for an animal or plant.

carbon /ˈkɑɹ.bən/ /ˈkɑːbən/ carbons n
carbone
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol C) with an atomic number of 6. It can be found in pure form for example as graphite, a black, shiny and very soft material, or diamond, a colourless, transparent, crystalline solid and the hardest known material.
(countable, informal) A carbon copy.
(ecology, uncountable) carbon dioxide, in the context of climate change.
charbon carbone
A fossil fuel that is made of impure carbon such as coal or charcoal.

carbon black n
noir de carbone
(chemistry) A fine black powder of amorphous carbon manufactured by the incomplete combustion of natural gas or oil, and used as a pigment in the manufacture of ink and paint. Used as a filler in rubber like polymers and rubber. It helps the polymers resist deterioration by ultraviolet rays.

carbon chloride n
chlorure de carbon
(chemical compound) carbon tetrachloride

carbon copy carbon copies n
copie carbone
(by extension) Any duplicate.
copie
(Internet) A duplicate copy of an email.

carbon copy v
mettre en copie
(Internet) To send a duplicate copy of an email to.

carbon cycle carbon cycles n
cycle du carbone
The physical cycle of carbon through the Earth’s biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere that includes such processes as photosynthesis, decomposition, respiration and carbonification.

carbon dioxide /ˈˌkɑrbən daɪˈɑksaɪd/ /ˌkɑːbən dʌɪˈɒksʌɪd/ n
dioxyde de carbone anhydride carbonique gaz carbonique
(inorganic compound) The normal oxide of carbon, CO₂; a colorless, odorless gas formed during respiration and combustion and consumed by plants during photosynthesis.

carbon emissions trading n
marché du carbone
The trading of emission allowances for carbon dioxide.

carbon fiber carbon fibers n
PRFC fibre de carbone
Ellipsis of carbon fiber reinforced polymer/plastic., a type of strong and lightweight composite material.

carbon footprint carbon footprints n
empreinte carbonique
A measure of the amount of carbon dioxide produced by a person, organization or state in a given time.

carbon group n
cristallogène
(chemistry) the vertical group of the periodic table containing carbon, silicon, germanium, tin and lead; the elements have a valence of 4, and show the typical gradation from nonmetal to metal

carbon market carbon markets n
marché du carbone
Any market in which carbon emissions trading takes place.

carbon monoxide n
monoxyde de carbone
(inorganic compound) A colourless, odourless, flammable, highly toxic gas

carbon nanotube carbon nanotubes n
nanotube de carbone
Any nanostructure, a member of the fullerene family, having graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders.

carbon neutral adj
carboneutre
Having an overall zero carbon footprint after carbon emissions trading has been taken into account.

carbon neutrality n
neutralité carbone

carbon paper carbon papers n
papier carbone
Paper with one of the faces impregnated with carbon, used to make carbon copies.

carbon sink carbon sinks n
puits de carbone
A natural or artificial reservoir that accumulates and stores some carbon-containing chemical compound for an indefinite period.

carbon steel carbon steels n
acier au carbone
Any of a range of alloys of iron and carbon whose properties depend on the proportion of carbon.

carbon tax carbon taxes n
taxe carbone
A tax levied on the carbon contents used by the burning fossil fuels, so as to discourage the production of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

carbon tetrachloride n
tétrachlorure de carbone
(chemical compound) The halogenated hydrocarbon tetrachloromethane; a toxic, nonflammable liquid, used as a solvent, formerly used in dry cleaning and in fire extinguishers.

carbonade /ˈkæɹbɒneɪd/ carbonades n
carbonade
a stew of meat cooked in beer

carbonado /-ˈnɑː-/ /ˌkɑɹbəˈneɪdoʊ/ /ˌkɑːbəˈneɪdəʊ/ carbonadoes carbonados n
carbonade carbonnade
(cooking, dated) Meat or fish that has been scored and broiled.
carbonado
(mineral) A dark, non-transparent, impure form of polycrystalline diamond (also containing graphite and amorphous carbon) used in drilling.

carbonara /ˌkɑɹbəˈnæɹə/ /ˌkɑɹbəˈnɑɹə/ /ˌkɑːbəˈnɑːɹə/ carbonaras n
carbonara
A thick Italian pasta sauce, made with guanciale, grated cheese, beaten egg yolks and pepper.
(by extension) A spaghetti dish made using such a sauce.

carbonate /ˈkɑɹbəneɪt/ /ˈkɑɹbənət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.neɪt/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ).bə.nət/ carbonates n
carbonate
Any salt or ester of carbonic acid.

carbonated /ˈkɑɹ.bəˌneɪ.təd/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)bɒneɪtəd/ more carbonated most carbonated adj
gazeux gazéifié
Containing carbon dioxide gas under pressure, especially pertaining to beverages, as natural mineral water or man-made drinks.

carbonated water carbonated waters n
eau gazeuse
Water containing carbon dioxide dissolved in it under pressure.

carbonic /kɑɹˈbɒnɪk/ /kɑːˈbɒnɪk/ adj
carbonique
Of or relating to carbon.

carbonic acid n
acide carbonique
A weak unstable acid, H2CO3, known only in solution, and as carbonate salts; it is present in carbonated drinks, and sparkling wine, but decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water.

carbonyl carbonyls n
carbonyle

carboxylic adj
carboxylique
(organic chemistry) Of, or relating to the carboxyl functional group.

carboxylic acid carboxylic acids n
acide carboxylique
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds containing a carboxyl functional group.

carbuncle /ˈkɑɹˌbʌŋ.kl̩/ /ˈkɑː.bʌŋ.kl̩/ carbuncles n
carboucle
(archaic) A deep-red or fiery colored garnet or other dark red precious stone, especially when cut cabochon.

carburetor /ˈkɑɹb(j)əˌɹeɪtɚ/ /ˈkɑːb(j)əˌɹɛtə/ carburetors n
carburateur
(US, Canada) A device in an internal combustion engine where fuel is vaporized and mixed with air prior to ignition. [from 1890s]

carcass /ˈkɑɹkəs/ /ˈkɑːkəs/ carcasses n
carcasse cadavre
The body of a dead animal.
The body of a dead human, a corpse.

carceral /ˈkɑɹsəɹəl/ /ˈkɑɹsɹl̩/ /ˈkɑːsəɹəl/ /ˈkɑːsɹl̩/ adj
carcéral
(formal, or, literary) Of or pertaining to imprisonment or a prison. [from late 16th c.]

carcinization /-naɪ-/ /ˌkɑɹsɪnɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɑːsɪnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ n
carcinisation
(evolutionary theory, zoology) The convergent evolution of decapod crustaceans from forms dissimilar to true crabs into similar forms. [from 1916]

carcinogen /kɑɹˈsɪnəd͡ʒən/ carcinogens n
cancérogène carcinogène
A substance or agent that can cause cancer.

carcinogenic /ˌkɑː(ɹ)sɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more carcinogenic most carcinogenic adj
cancérigène carcinogène
Causing or tending to cause cancer.

carcinogenicity carcinogenicities n
cancérogénicité
The state or degree of being carcinogenic.

carcinoma /-sə-/ /ˌkɑɹsɪnoʊˈmɑtə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmə/ /ˌkɑɹsɪˈnoʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsnˈəʊmətə/ /ˌkɑːsɪnəʊˈmɑːtə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmə/ /ˌkɑːsɪˈnəʊmətə/ [-ɾə] carcinomas carcinomata n
carcinome
(countable) An invasive malignant tumour derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] cards n
carte
(in the plural) Any game using playing cards; a card game.
A resource or argument, used to achieve a purpose. (See play the something card.)
A greeting card.
carde
(textiles) A hand-held tool formed similarly to a hairbrush but with bristles of wire or other rigid material. It is used principally with raw cotton, wool, hair, or other natural fibers to prepare these materials for spinning into yarn or thread on a spinning wheel, with a whorl or other hand-held spindle. The card serves to untangle, clean, remove debris from, and lay the fibers straight.
carte fiche
Any flat, normally rectangular piece of stiff paper, plastic, etc.
allumé
(informal) An amusing or entertaining person, often slightly eccentric.
agenda
A list of scheduled events or of performers or contestants; chiefly used in professional wrestling.

card /kaːd/ /kɐːd/ /kɑɹd/ /kɑːd/ [kʰäːd] [kʰɐːd] [kʰɑɹd] [kʰɑːd] v
contrôler
(transitive, US) To check IDs, especially against a minimum age requirement.
carder
(textiles) To use a carding device to disentangle the fibres of wool prior to spinning.

card game card games n
jeu de cartes cartes
(games) Any of the many games played with playing cards.

card trick card tricks n
tour de cartes
Any magic trick involving playing cards.

cardamom /ˈkɑɹ.də.məm/ /ˈkɑɹ.dəˌmɑm/ /ˈkɑː.də.məm/ /ˈkɑː.də.mən/ cardamoms n
cardamome
The seed of E. cardamomum, used as a medicine and spice, especially in curry powder.
(uncommon, inexact) , the seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, of East Africa.

cardboard /ˈkɑɹdbɔɹd/ /ˈkɑːdbɔːd/ cardboards n
carton
A wood-based material resembling heavy paper, used in the manufacture of boxes, cartons and signs.

cardboard box /ˈkɑɹd.bɔɹd bɑks/ /ˈkɑːd.bɔːd bɒks/ cardboard boxes n
carton
An industrially prefabricated box made from cardboard, primarily used for packaging goods or materials and often recycled.
A corrugated box.

cardia cardiae cardias n
orifice de l'estomac
(anatomy) The area of the stomach which directly receives contents from the esophagus.

cardiac /ˈkɑɹdiˌæk/ /ˈkɑːdɪæk/ adj
cardiaque
(biology, medicine) Pertaining to the heart.
(medicine, archaic) Exciting action in the heart, through the medium of the stomach; cordial; stimulant.

cardiac arrest cardiac arrests n
arrêt cardiaque
(cardiology, pathology) Sudden and complete cessation of the heartbeat resulting in the loss of effective circulation of the blood.

cardiac muscle cardiac muscles n
myocarde
(anatomy, cardiology) The striated and involuntary muscle of the vertebrate heart.

cardiac output cardiac outputs n
débit cardiaque
(physiology) The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle of the heart per unit time, typically per minute.

cardigan /ˈkɑːdɪɡən/ cardigans n
cardigan veste
A type of sweater or jumper that fastens up the front with buttons or a zipper, usually machine- or hand-knitted from wool.

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ more cardinal most cardinal adj
cardinal
Of fundamental importance; crucial, pivotal.
(nautical) Of or relating to the cardinal directions (north, south, east and west).
Describing a "natural" number used to indicate quantity (e.g., zero, one, two, three), as opposed to an ordinal number indicating relative position.
rouge cardinal
Having a bright red color (from the color of a Catholic cardinal's cassock).

cardinal /ˈkɑɹdnəl/ /ˈkɑɹdɪnəl/ /ˈkɑː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈkɑːd.nəl/ cardinals n
cardinal
(Roman Catholic) One of the officials appointed by the pope in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking only below the pope and the patriarchs, constituting the special college which elects the pope. (See Wikipedia article on Catholic cardinals.)
Any of a genus of songbirds of the finch family, Cardinalis.
Any of various related passerine birds of the family Cardinalidae (See Wikipedia article on cardinals) and other similar birds that were once considered to be related.
(math) Short for cardinal number, a number indicating quantity, or the size of a set (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 3). (See Cardinal_number.)
rouge cardinal
(color) A deep red color, somewhat less vivid than scarlet, the traditional colour of a Catholic cardinal's cassock. (same as cardinal red)

cardinal number cardinal numbers n
nombre cardinal
A number used to denote quantity; a counting number; a cardinal.
(mathematics) A generalized kind of number used to denote the size of a set, including infinite sets.

cardinal point cardinal points n
point cardinal
Any of the four principal compass directions: north, south, east and west.

cardinal sin cardinal sins n
péché capital
Any of the deadly sins.

cardinal spider cardinal spiders n
tégénaire des murs

cardinal virtue cardinal virtues n
vertu cardinale
(Christianity, often, in the plural) One of the four foundational virtues identified by Greek and Christian philosophers, on which other virtues depend: justice, temperance, prudence, or fortitude.

cardinalate /ˈkɑː(ɹ)dɪnələt/ cardinalates n
cardinalat
The dignity and ecclesiastic office of Roman Catholic cardinal.

cardinality cardinalities n
cardinalité
(set theory, of a set) The number of elements a given set contains.

carding machine carding machines n
cardeuse
(textile manufacturing) A machine used for carding fibres.

cardio- prefix
cardio-
(anatomy) Relating to the heart.
(anatomy) Relating to the cardia of the stomach.

cardiogenic adj
cardiogénique

cardiograph cardiographs n
cardiographe
(cardiology) electrocardiograph

cardioid cardioids n
cardioïde
(geometry) An epicycloid with exactly one cusp; the plane curve with polar equation \rho = 1 + \cos\,\theta - approximately heart-shaped

cardiological more cardiological most cardiological adj
cardiologique
of or pertaining to cardiology

cardiologist cardiologists n
cardiologue
A physician who specializes in medical problems related to the heart.

cardiology /ˌkɑː(ɹ)diˈɒlədʒi/ cardiologies n
cardiologie
(medicine) The study of the structure, function, and disorders of the heart.

cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathies n
cardiomyopathie
(pathology) The deterioration of the myocardium.

cardiopulmonary adj
cardiopulmonaire
(medicine) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the lungs.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardiopulmonary resuscitations n
RCP RCR réanimation cardio-pulmonaire réanimation cardio-respiratoire
A first aid procedure for cardiac arrest involving compression of the chest wall alternating with artificial respiration.

cardiothoracic adj
cardio-thoracique cardiothoracique
(medicine, anatomy) Of or pertaining to both the heart and the chest

cardiovascular /ˌkɑː(ɹ)di.əʊˈvæskjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
cardiovasculaire
Relating to the circulatory system, that is the heart and blood vessels.

cardiovascular disease cardiovascular diseases n
maladie cardiovasculaire
A disease involving the heart or blood vessels, i.e. arteries and veins, such as coronary heart disease.

carditis carditides n
cardite
(medicine) inflammation of the muscles of the heart.

cardoon /kɑː(ɹ)ˈduːn/ cardoons n
cardon artichaut à cardes
Cynara cardunculus, a prickly perennial plant related to the artichoke which has leaf stalks eaten as a vegetable.

cardplayer cardplayers n
joueur de cartes joueuse de cartes
One who plays card games.

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] cares n
soin souci
Close attention; concern; responsibility.
souci
(countable, uncountable) Worry.
soin
(uncountable) The treatment of those in need (especially as a profession).

care /keː/ /kɛə/ /kɛɚ/ /kɪə(ɹ)/ [kʰe(ə̯)ɻ] [kʰɛ(ə̯)ɻ] v
intéresser soucier
(transitive, intransitive) To be concerned (about), to have an interest (in); to feel concern (about).
soigner
(intransitive) (with for) To look after or look out for.

care of preposition
chez
(mail) For distribution by (the named intermediary).

careen /kəˈɹiːn/ v
caréner se coucher
(nautical, transitive) To heave a ship down on one side so as to expose the other, in order to clean it of barnacles and weed, or to repair it below the water line.
se coucher
(nautical, intransitive) To tilt on one side.
battre ou mettre en carène
(intransitive) To lurch or sway violently from side to side.

career /kəˈɹɪə/ /kəˈɹɪɹ/ careers n
carrière
One's calling in life; a person's occupation; one's profession.
(obsolete) A racecourse; the ground run over.

career break career breaks n
pause-carrière

career change n
reconversion
(This entry is a translation hub.)

careerism careerisms n
carriérisme
(derogatory) The overwhelming desire or urge to advance one's own career or social status, usually at the expense of other personal interests, social growth, or ethics.
(chiefly, US) The perception that being a member of the military is a career, rather than an obligation to serve one's country.

careerist more careerist most careerist adj
carriériste
Of or pertaining to such a person or way of life

careerist careerists n
carriériste
(pejorative) A person who pursues the advancement of their career at the expense of other values.

carefree /kɛɹˈfɹi/ /ˈkɛəfɹiː/ more carefree most carefree adj
insouciant
Without cares or worries; free of concern or worries; without difficulty.

carefreeness n
insouciance
The property of being lighthearted, joyous, cheerful, without a care.

careful /ˈkɛ(ə)ɹfəl/ /ˈkɛːfəl/ carefuller carefullest more careful most careful adj
soigneux attentif prudent
Conscientious and painstaking; meticulous.

carefully /ˈkɛɹf(ə)li/ /ˈkɛːf(ə)li/ more carefully most carefully adv
soigneusement
With care; attentively, circumspectly.

careless /ˈkɛələs/ /ˈkɛəlɪs/ /ˈkɛɹləs/ more careless most careless adj
négligent distrait étourdi
Not giving sufficient attention or thought, especially concerning the avoidance of harm or mistakes. [from 16thc.]

carelessly /ˈkɛələsli/ /ˈkɛɹləsli/ more carelessly most carelessly adv
négligemment
Giving the appearance of carelessness; relaxedly.

carelessness /ˈkɛələsnəs/ /ˈkɛɹləsnəs/ carelessnesses n
négligence incurie
Lack of care; the state or quality of being careless.

carer /ˈkɛəɹə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛɹɚ/ carers n
soignant soignante
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong) Someone who regularly looks after another person, either as a job or often through family responsibilities.

caress /kəˈɹɛs/ v
caresser
(transitive) To touch or kiss lovingly; to fondle.

caressive /kəˈɹɛsɪv/ caressives n
caressive
(linguistics) A type of diminutive indicating affection or endearment.

caret /ˈkæɹ.ət/ /ˈkæɹ.ɪt/ /ˈkɛɹ.ət/ /ˈkɛɹ.ɪt/ carets n
circonflexe
An exponentiation symbol or operator ⟨＾⟩.

caretaker /ˈkɛəˌteɪ.kə/ /ˈkɛɹˌteɪ.kɚ/ adj
gardien
(chiefly, UK) Temporary, on a short term basis.

caretaker /ˈkɛəˌteɪ.kə/ /ˈkɛɹˌteɪ.kɚ/ caretakers n
concierge gardien gardienne
Someone who takes care of a place or thing; someone looking after a place, or responsible for keeping it in good repair.
gardien gardienne
Someone who takes care of a person; a parent, carer or other guardian.

caretaker government caretaker governments n
gouvernement provisoire gouvernement [[d']]affaires courantes
(politics) A government that rules temporarily, for example after a motion of no confidence in a parliamentary system.

carfentanil /kɑɹˈfɛn.təˌnɪl/ /kɑːˈfɛn.tə.nɪl/ n
carfentanil carfentanyl

carfree adj
sans voitures

cargo /ˈkɑɹɡoʊ/ /ˈkɑːɡəʊ/ cargoes cargos n
cargaison
Freight carried by a ship, aircraft, or motor vehicle.

cargo bike cargo bikes n
vélo cargo
A bicycle designed for carrying large or heavy loads.

cargo cult cargo cults n
culte du cargo
Any of several religious movements among the people of Melanesia that anticipate the arrival of material cargo or cultural restoration

cargo hold cargo holds n
cale cale arrière cale avant
(nautical) A hold on a ship (a ship's hold includes the forehold and stern hold), used to store cargo during a voyage.

cargo pants n
pantalon cargo

cargo ship cargo ships n
cargo navire de charge navire marchand
A ship that carries cargo.

caribou /ˈkæɹəbu/ caribou caribous n
caribou
Any of several North American subspecies of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus.

caricatural more caricatural most caricatural adj
caricatural

caricature /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃə/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃʊə/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ adj
caricature
Having the characteristics of a caricature, grotesque.

caricature /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /kəˈɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃə/ /ˈkæɹɪkətʃʊə/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɛɹɪkət͡ʃʊɚ/ v
caricaturer
To represent someone in an exaggerated or distorted manner.

caricaturesque more caricaturesque most caricaturesque adj
caricaturesque
in the style of a caricature

caricaturist /ˈkæɹɪkəˌt͡ʃʊəɹɪst/ caricaturists n
caricaturiste
A person who draws caricatures.

caries /ˈkɛ.ɹiz/ /ˈkɛə.ɹiːz/ caries n
carie
The progressive destruction of bone or tooth by decay

carillon /kəˈrɪljən/ /ˈkɛɹɪˌlɑn/ carillons n
carillon
(musical instrument) A set of bells, often in a bell tower, sometimes operated by means of a keyboard (manual or pedal), originating from the Low Countries.

carillonist carillonists n
carillonneur
One who plays the carillon.

caring /ˈkɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈkɛɹ.ɪŋ/ more caring most caring adj
attentionné
(of a person) Kind, sensitive, or empathetic.

carious /ˈkæɹ.i.əs/ /ˈkɛə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈkɛɚ.i.əs/ /ˈkɛɹ.i.əs/ more carious most carious adj
carieux
Having caries (bone or tooth decay); decayed, rotten.

caritive case caritive cases n
caritif
(grammatical case) A case used to express the lack or absence of something. It has the meaning of the English preposition "without." The caritive case is found in some Caucasian languages.

carmaker carmakers n
constructeur automobile
A manufacturer of automobiles.

carmeltazite n
carmeltazite
(mineral) A rare oxide mineral discovered in 2019, with the chemical formula ZrAl2Ti4O11.

carmine adj
carmin carminé

carnage /ˈkɑɹ.nɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.nɪdʒ/ carnages n
carnage
Death and destruction.

carnal /ˈkɑɹnəl/ more carnal most carnal adj
charnel
Relating to the physical and especially sexual appetites.

carnation /kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ adj
incarnat
Of a rosy pink or red colour.

carnation /kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ carnations n
œillet
(botany) A type of Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its flowers.
The type of flower they bear, originally flesh-coloured, but since hybridizing found in a variety of colours.
incarnat
A rosy pink colour

carnauba carnaubas n
carnauba
A Brazilian palm tree having waxy, fan-shaped leaves and toothed leafstalks, Copernicia prunifera.

carnelian /kɑɹˈnil.jən/ carnelians n
cornaline
(mineral) A hard, reddish brown chalcedony used in jewelry

carnival /kɑɹnəˈvɑl/ /ˈkaːnɪvəl/ /ˈkɑɹnɪvəl/ /ˈkɑːnɪvəl/ [ˈkaːnɪvl̩] [ˈkɑɹnɪvl̩] [ˈkɑːnɪvl̩] carnivals n
carnaval
Any of a number of festivals held just before the beginning of Lent.
A festive occasion marked by parades and sometimes special foods and other entertainment.

carnivore /ˈkaː.nɪ.voː/ /ˈkɑɹ.nɪ.vɔɹ/ /ˈkɑː.nɪ.vɔː/ carnivores n
carnivore
An organism that feeds chiefly on animals; an animal that feeds on meat as the main part of its diet.

carnivorism n
carnivorisme
The fact or practice of being a carnivore.

carnivorous /kaːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑɹˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ /kɑːˈnɪv.ə.ɹəs/ more carnivorous most carnivorous adj
carnivore
Of, or relating to carnivores, or the taxonomic order Carnivora.
(botany) Insectivorous: capable of trapping insects and absorbing nutrient from them.
carnivore carnassier
Predatory or flesh-eating.

carny /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ni/ carnies n
forain
(informal, countable) A person who works in a carnival (often one who uses exaggerated showmanship or fraud).

carnyx /ˈkɑɹnəˌsiz/ /ˈkɑɹnɪks/ /ˈkɑːnɪks/ /ˈkɑːnɪsiːz/ carnyces carnyxes n
carnyx carnix
(brass instrument, historical) A bronze wind instrument used by Iron Age Celts (c. 200 B.C.E. – 200 C.E.) as a type of battle trumpet; held vertically when played, it was shaped like an elongated S with a mouthpiece at the lower end and a bell (often resembling an animal with an open mouth) at the upper end.

carob /ˈkæɹəb/ carobs n
caroubier
An evergreen shrub or tree, Ceratonia siliqua, native to the Mediterranean region.
caroube
The fruit of that tree.

carol /ˈkæɹəl/ carols n
carole
(historical) A round dance accompanied by singing.
chœur
(specifically) A (usually traditional) religious or secular song sung at Christmastime.

carotene carotenes n
carotène
(organic chemistry) A class of tetraterpene plant pigments; they vary in colour from yellow, through orange to red, this colour originating in a chain of alternating single and double bonds.

carotenoid carotenoids n
caroténoïde
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of yellow to red organic pigments including the carotenes and xanthophylls.

carotid /kəˈɹɑt.ɪd/ /kəˈɹɒt.ɪd/ carotids n
carotide
(anatomy) Either of the two main arteries that supply blood to the head of which the left in humans arises from the arch of the aorta and the right by bifurcation of the brachiocephalic artery with each passing up the side of the neck and dividing opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage into an external branch supplying the face, tongue, and external parts of the head and an internal branch supplying the brain, eye, and other internal parts of the head.

carousal /kəˈɹaʊzəl/ carousals n
beuverie

carp /ˈkɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːp/ carp carps n
carpe
Any of various freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae; specifically the common carp, Cyprinus carpio.

carp /ˈkɑɹp/ /ˈkɑːp/ v
maugréer
To criticize or complain about a fault, especially for frivolous or petty reasons; to cavil.

carpal /ˈkɑɹ.pəl/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pəl/ carpals n
carpien
(anatomy) Any of the eight bones of the wrist (carpus).

carpal tunnel carpal tunnels n
canal carpien
(anatomy) A fibro-osseous passageway on the palmar side of the wrist that connects the distal forearm to the middle compartment of the deep plane of the palm.

carpal tunnel syndrome n
syndrome du canal carpien
(neurology) form of repetitive stress injury caused by compression of the median nerve travelling through the carpal tunnel.

carpe diem /ˌkɑɹ.peɪ ˈdi.əm/ /ˌkɑɹ.pi ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ /ˌkɑː.peɪ ˈdiː.əm/ /ˌkɑː.piː ˈdaɪ.ɛm/ proverb
carpe diem cueille le jour
Enjoy the present, make the most of today, (common mistranslation) seize the day.

carpel /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pəl/ carpels n
carpelle
(botany) A constituent part of a flower pistil - the individual female reproductive organs in a flower. A carpel is composed of an ovary, a style, and a stigma, although some flowers have carpels without a distinct style. In origin, carpels are leaves (megasporophylls) that have evolved to enclose the ovules. A pistil may be composed of a single carpel or of several carpels fused together.

carpenter /ˈkɑɹpəntɚ/, /ˈkɑɹpəndɚ/ /ˈkɑː.pən.tə/ carpenters n
charpentier menuisier charpentière menuisière
A person skilled at carpentry, the trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures.
(nautical) A senior rating in ships responsible for all the woodwork onboard; in the days of sail, a warrant officer responsible for the hull, masts, spars and boats of a ship, and whose responsibility was to sound the well to see if the ship was making water.
(zoology) A carpenter bee.

carpenter bee carpenter bees n
abeille charpentière
A bee of the subfamily Xylocopinae, that burrows in dead wood.

carpentry carpentries n
charpenterie
(uncountable) The trade of cutting and joining timber in order to construct buildings or other structures; woodworking.

carpet /ˈkɑɹpət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pɪt/ carpets n
tapis moquette
A fabric used as a complete floor covering.

carpet /ˈkɑɹpət/ /ˈkɑː(ɹ)pɪt/ v
tapisser
To lay carpet, or to have carpet installed, in an area.
(transitive) To substantially cover something, as a carpet does; to blanket something.

carpet beater /ˌkɑːpɪtˈbiːtə/ carpet beaters n
battoir à tapis
A tool for beating dust out of carpets, cushions, etc., used in housecleaning before the invention of the vacuum cleaner.

carpet bombing carpet bombings n
tapis de bombes
Large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.

carpet snake carpet snakes n
python tapis
A harmless snake found in New Guinea and Australia, the carpet python (Morelia spilota) and its six to eight subspecies.

carpet sweeper carpet sweepers n
balai mécanique
A mechanical (not electric) device for cleaning carpets by means of a rotating brush.

carpetbag carpetbags n
sac de voyage
A traveling bag made from scraps of carpet and widely used in the United States (and elsewhere) in the 19th century.

carpetbagger /ˈkɑɹpɪtˌbæɡɚ/ /ˈkɑːpɪtˌbaɡə/ carpetbaggers n
opportuniste
(pejorative, by extension) One who comes to a place or organisation with which they have no previous connection with the sole or primary aim of personal gain, especially political or financial gain.

carpool carpools n
covoiturage
An arrangement whereby several people travel together in the same car in order to save costs, reduce pollution etc.

carport /kɑː(ɹ).pɔːt/ carports n
auvent
A roofed structure for automobile storage, usually attached to a house and not fully enclosed like a garage but with at least one side open to the outdoors. [from 1936]

carpus /ˈkɑɹ.pəs/ /ˈkɑː.pəs/ carpi n
carpe
(skeleton) The group of bones that make up the wrist.

carrack carracks n
caraque nef
(historical) A large European sailing vessel of the 14th to 17th centuries similar to a caravel but square-rigged on the foremast and mainmast and lateen-rigged on the mizzenmast.

carrageenan /ˌkæɹəˈɡiːnən/ /ˌkɛɹəˈɡinən/ carrageenans n
carraghénane
A food additive made from a purified extract of red seaweed, commonly used as a thickening agent.

carriage /ˈkæɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɛɹɪd͡ʒ/ carriages n
carrosse
A (mostly four-wheeled) lighter vehicle chiefly designed to transport people, generally drawn by horse power.
port
(now, _, rare) A manner of walking and moving in general; how one carries oneself, bearing, gait.
chariot
The part of a typewriter supporting the paper.

carriage bolt carriage bolts n
boulon de carrosserie

carriage house carriage houses n
remise à calèches
A building for keeping a horse and carriage when not in use, separate from the house.

carriage return carriage returns n
retour chariot
On a typewriter or computer printer, the action that returns it to the beginning of the next line.
(computing) The control character (0x0D in ASCII, abbreviated as CR) that originally signaled a device to perform a carriage return, but now merely indicates the end of a line of text (newline).
retour chariot entrée
The key or lever that initiates the carriage return action (on a typewriter) or generates the carriage return character (on a computer).

carriageway carriageways n
chaussée
(UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) The part of a road that carries traffic.

carried away more carried away most carried away adj
emballé
(idiomatic) Made excessively emotional or excited, so that one goes too far.

carrier /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ə/ /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ɚ/ /ˈkɛ-/ carriers n
porteuse
A signal such as radio, sound, or light that is modulated to transmit information.

carrier bag carrier bags n
sac de caisse sac plastique
(UK) A bag made of thin polythene or paper, generally used for carrying groceries or other purchased items.

carrier pigeon carrier pigeons n
pigeon voyageur
A domestic pigeon which transports attached messages or very small parcels from the place where it is released to a familiar destination.

carrier wave /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ə weɪv/ /ˈkæ.ɹɪ.ɚ weɪv/ /ˈkɛ-/ carrier waves n
porteuse onde porteuse
(physics) A wave that can be modulated, either in amplitude, frequency, or phase, to carry or transmit images, music, speech, or other signals.

carrion /ˈkæ.ɹi.ən/ /ˈkæɹ.ən/ carrions n
charogne
(mostly, uncountable) Dead flesh; carcasses.

carrion crow carrion crows n
corneille noire corneille
The common European black crow Corvus corone.

carrot /ˈkæɹ.ət/ /ˈkɛɹ.ət/ carrots n
carotte
A vegetable with a nutritious, juicy, sweet root that is often orange in colour, Daucus carota, especially the subspecies sativus in the family Apiaceae.
(figurative) Any motivational tool; an incentive to do something.

carrot and stick carrots and sticks n
la carotte et le bâton
(idiomatic) The simultaneous rewarding of good behavior and punishing of bad behavior.

carrot cake carrot cakes n
gâteau aux carottes
A sweet cake, often iced, containing grated carrot.

carrot top carrot tops n
poil de carotte
(informal, pejorative) A person with red hair; a redhead.

carry /ˈkeɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.i/ /ˈkæɹ.ɪ/ /ˈkɛɹ.i/ v
porter
(transitive) To lift (something) and take it to another place; to transport (something) by lifting.
retenir
(transitive, arithmetic) In an addition, to transfer the quantity in excess of what is countable in the units in a column to the column immediately to the left in order to be added there.

carry coals to Newcastle v
porter de l'eau à la rivière
(idiomatic) To do something that is unneeded or redundant.

carry off v
déplacer expédier transporter
(transitive) To transport away.

carry on /ˈkæɹi ˈɑn/ v
se comporter
continuer emporter poursuivre prendre tenir
(idiomatic, transitive) To take baggage or luggage onto an airplane, rather than check it.

carry oneself v
tenir
(idiomatic) To move, especially emphasizing the manner in which one moves.
(idiomatic) To behave, especially with respect to how one's speech, body language, facial expressions, and grooming convey one's opinion concerning oneself.

carry out v
sortir
(transitive) To hold while moving it out.
réaliser accomplir effectuer mettre en application mettre à exécution
(transitive) To execute or perform; to put into operation; to do.

carry weight v
peser dans la balance
To have influence.

carry-on carry-ons n
bagages en cabine bagages à main
That luggage or baggage which is taken onto an airplane (or a ferry, etc.) with a passenger, rather than checked.

carrying basket carrying baskets n
hotte
A basket fitted with a strap or straps to allow it to be carried on the back with the carrier's arms free.

carrying capacity carrying capacities n
capacité porteuse
(ecology) The number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can support.

carrying pole carrying poles n
palanche chambalon
A yoke of wood or bamboo, used by people to carry a load.

carsickness /ˈkɑː(ɹ)ˌsɪk.nəs/ n
mal de la route
Motion sickness caused by riding in a motor car.

cart /kɑɹt/ /kɑːt/ carts n
chariot charrette
A small, open, wheeled vehicle, drawn or pushed by a person or animal, more often used for transporting goods than passengers.

carte blanche /kɑɹtˈblɑnʃ/ cartes blanches n
carte blanche
Unlimited discretionary power to act; unrestricted authority.

cartel /kɑɹˈtɛl/ /kɑːˈtɛl/ cartels n
cartel
(economics) A group of businesses or nations that collude to limit competition within an industry or market.
(historical, politics) A combination of political groups (notably parties) for common action.

carter /ˈkɑɹtɚ/ /ˈkɑːtə/ carters n
charretier
A person who transports a load on a cart that is drawn by a beast of burden.

cartilage /ˈkɑɹ.təl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑɹt.lɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑː.tɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːt.lɪd͡ʒ/ cartilages n
cartilage
(skeleton, uncountable) A usually translucent and somewhat elastic, dense, nonvascular connective tissue found in various forms in the larynx and respiratory tract, in structures such as the external ear, and in the articulating surfaces of joints. It composes most of the skeleton of vertebrate embryos, being replaced by bone during ossification in the higher vertebrates.

cartilagein cartilageins n
cartilagéine

cartilaginous /ˌkɑɹ.təˈlæd͡ʒ.ən.əs/ /ˌkɑː.tɪˈlad͡ʒ.ɪn.əs/ more cartilaginous most cartilaginous adj
cartilagineux

cartographer cartographers n
cartographe
One who makes maps or charts.

cartographic /ˌkɑɹ.təˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ /ˌkɑː.təʊˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ adj
cartographique
Of or pertaining to the making of maps.

cartographically more cartographically most cartographically adv
cartographiquement

cartography /kɐɹˈtɒɡɹəfi/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹɘfɪi̯/ /kɐː(ɹ)ˈtɔɡɹəfɪi̯/ /kɑɹˈtɑɡɹəfi/ /kɑːˈtɒɡɹəfi/ cartographies n
cartographie
(uncountable) The creation of charts and maps based on the layout of a territory's geography. [from 19th c.]

cartomancer cartomancers n
cartomancien cartomancienne
One who practices cartomancy; a fortuneteller who uses cards.

cartomancy n
cartomancie
Fortune-telling using cards, as in tarot and Lenormand.

carton /ˈkɑɹtn̩/ /ˈkɑːtn̩/ /ˈkɑːtən/ [ˈkʰɑɹʔn̩] cartons n
carton
An inexpensive, disposable box-like container fashioned from either paper, paper with wax-covering (wax paper), or other lightweight material.
cartouche
A pack of cigarettes, usually ten, wrapped in cellophane or packed in a light cardboard box.

carton-pierre /kɑː(ɹ)ˌtɒn piˈɛə(ɹ)/ n
carton-pierre
Papier-mâché that has been made to resemble wood, stone, or metal, used as decoration.

cartoon /kɑɹˈtuːn/ /kɑːˈtuːn/ cartoons n
bande dessinée caricature BD
(comics) A humorous drawing, often with a caption, or a strip of such drawings.
caricature
(comics) A drawing satirising current public figures.
croquis
(arts) An artist's preliminary sketch.
dessin animé
(animation) An animated piece of film which is often but not exclusively humorous.

cartoonist cartoonists n
cartooniste dessinatrice dessinateur dessinateur de bande dessinée dessinateur de dessins animés dessinatrice de dessins animés
(comics) One who creates a cartoon or strip cartoon.

cartouche /kɑɹˈtuʃ/ /kɑːˈtuːʃ/ cartouches n
cartouche
(architectural element) An ornamental figure, often on an oval shield.
(Egyptian hieroglyphs) An oval figure containing the characters of an important personal name, such as that of royal or divine people.

cartridge /ˈkɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑːtɹɪdʒ/ cartridges n
cartouche
(firearms) The package consisting of the bullet, primer, and casing containing gunpowder; a round of ammunition.
(computing) A vessel which contains the ink or toner for a computer printer and can be easily replaced with another.

cartridge box cartridge boxes n
giberne
The case in which a soldier carries cartridges.

cartulary /ˈkɑːtjuləɹɪ/ cartularies n
cartulaire
A collection of original documents bound in one volume.

cartwheel /ˈkɑɹtˌwil/ /ˈkɑːtˌwiːl/ cartwheels n
roue
A gymnastic maneuver whereby the gymnast rotates to one side or the other while keeping arms and legs outstretched, spinning for one or more revolutions.

caruncle /kəˈɹʌŋ.kl̩/ /kəˈɹʌŋ.kəl/ /ˈka.ɹəŋ.kl̩/ /ˈka.ɹəŋ.kəl/ /ˈkæˌɹʌŋ.kəl/ /ˈkɛɹˌʌŋ.kəl/ caruncles n
caroncule
(anatomy, zootomy) A small, fleshy excrescence that is a normal part of an animal's anatomy.

carving /ˈkɑɹvɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːvɪŋ/ carvings n
sculpture découpage gravure sculpture de bois
The act or craft of producing a carved object.

caryatid /ˌkæɹiˈætɪd/ /ˌkɛəɹiˈætɪd/ caryatides caryatids n
cariatide caryatide
A sculpted female figure serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or a pillar supporting an entablature on her head.

caryopsis caryopses caryopsides n
caryopse
(botany) A type of fruit in which the fruit skin is stuck to the seed coat; especially the grain of a cereal.

casbah /ˈkaz.bɑː/ /ˈkæz.bɑ/ casbahs n
casbah kasbah
The fortress in a city in North Africa or the Middle East.

cascade /kæsˈkeɪd/ cascades n
cascade chute d'eau
A waterfall or series of small waterfalls.

case /keɪs/ cases n
cas
An actual event, situation, or fact.
A piece of work, specifically defined within a profession; the set of tasks involved in addressing the situation of a specific person or event.
(academia) An instance or event as a topic of study.
(medicine) An instance of a specific condition or set of symptoms.
caisse
A box that contains or can contain a number of identical items of manufacture.
écrin
A piece of luggage that can be used to transport an apparatus such as a sewing machine.
cause cas
(legal) A legal proceeding; a lawsuit or prosecution.
malle
A suitcase.
vitrine
A piece of furniture, constructed partially of transparent glass or plastic, within which items can be displayed.
carter
The outer covering or framework of a piece of apparatus such as a computer.
casse
(typography, by extension) The nature of a piece of alphabetic type, whether a “capital” (upper case) or “small” (lower case) letter.

case closed phraseologicalUnit
l'incident est clos
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A case is closed; specifically, a police investigation or similar is resolved.

case in point /keɪs ɪn pɔɪnt/ cases in point n
cas d'exemple cas d'école parfait exemple
An example that illustrates a point.

case law case laws n
jurisprudence
Law developed by judges through court decisions and opinions, as distinct from statute and other legislation.

case sensitive more case sensitive most case sensitive adj
sensible à la casse
(computer science) Distinguishing upper- and lower-case letters. Often used in computer science to indicate a distinction is made in comparison or equality of letters based on case. For example, a case-sensitive password will not recognize "Password" and "password" as the same, but a case insensitive comparison would.

case study case studies n
étude de cas
(uncountable) Research performed in detail on a single individual, group, incident or community, as opposed to, for instance, a sample of the whole population.

casein /ˈkeɪ.siː.ɪn/ caseins n
caséine
(protein) A protein present in both milk and in the seeds of leguminous plants

casemate casemates n
casemate
(military) A bombproof chamber, usually of masonry, in which cannon may be placed, to be fired through embrasures; or one capable of being used as a magazine, or for quartering troops.

casement window casement windows n
fenêtre à l’anglaise
A window that has frames hinged on the side and that opens outward or inward.

cash /kæʃ/ cashes n
liquide espèces comptant
(uncountable) Money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions.

cash /kæʃ/ v
encaisser
(transitive) To exchange (a check/cheque) for money in the form of notes/bills.

cash basis n
comptabilité de trésorerie

cash cow cash cows n
vache à lait
(business) A product, service, or enterprise that generates ongoing, high net free cash flows.
(by extension) Someone or something which is a dependable source of appreciable amounts of money.

cash desk cash desks n
caisse
A place in a restaurant, bar, or shop etc, typically containing a cash register, where a customer can pay the bill.

cash flow cash flows n
flux de trésorerie
(accounting) The sum of cash revenues and expenditures over a period of time.
tableau des flux de trésorerie état des flux de trésorerie
(accounting) A statement of such transactions.

cash in v
profiter tirer parti tirer profit
(figurative) To profit from something; to take advantage of an opportunity in order to profit, especially financially.

cash in hand adj
black
Receiving wages or salary directly in the form of cash, often without deducting tax.

cash in hand adv
black
In a manner receiving direct payment by cash, often without paying tax.

cash in hand n
espèces liquide
Direct payment by cash, as opposed to through a bank.

cash register cash registers n
caisse enregistreuse
A machine that tabulates the amount of sales transactions, makes a permanent and cumulative record of them, and has a drawer in which cash can be kept.

cashbook cashbooks n
journal de caisse livre de caisse
A book used to record amounts of money received or paid out.

cashew /kəˈʃuː/ /ˈkæʃjuː/ /ˈkæʃuː/ cashews n
anacardier cajou
A tree, Anacardium occidentale, native to northeastern Brazil, now widely grown in tropical climates for its cashew nuts and cashew apples.

cashew nut cashew nuts n
noix de cajou
The seed of the cashew tree, often viewed as a nut in the culinary sense.

cashier /kaˈʃɪə/ /ˈkaʃɪə/ cashiers n
caissier caissière
One who works at a till or receives payments.

cashmere /kæʃˈmiɹ/ /kæʃˈmɪə/ /kæʒˈmiɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.miɹ/ /ˈkæʃ.mɪə/ /ˈkæʒ.miɹ/ cashmeres n
cachemire
(mostly, uncountable) Fine, downy wool from beneath the outer hair of the Cashmere goat.
(mostly, uncountable) A soft fabric made of this wool.

casino /kæˈsinoʊ/ /kəˈsinoʊ/ casini casinoes casinos n
casino
A public building or room for gambling.

cask /kæsk/ /kɑːsk/ casks n
tonneau fût barrique
A large barrel for the storage of liquid, especially of alcoholic drinks.

casket /ˈkæs.kɪt/ /ˈkɑː.skɪt/ caskets n
coffret
A little box, e.g. for jewellery.

cassata siciliana /kəˈsɑːtə sɪt͡ʃɪliˈɑːnə/ n
cassata
A rich cake, typical of Sicily, containing liqueur layered with ricotta, candied fruit and chocolate.

cassation /kæˈseɪʃən/ cassations n
cassation
The abrogation of a law by a higher authority; annulment.

cassava /kəˈsɑːvə/ cassavas n
manioc
Manioc (Manihot esculenta), a tropical plant which is the source of tapioca.

casse-croute casse-croutes n
casse-croûte

casserole /ˈkæs.əˌɹoʊl/ casseroles n
casserole cocotte
(countable) A dish of glass or earthenware, with a lid, in which food is baked and sometimes served.
timbale
Food, such as a stew, cooked in such a dish.

cassette /kæˈsɛt/ /kəˈsɛt/ cassettes n
cassette K7 audiocassette cassette audio cassette vidéo vidéocassette
A small flat case containing magnetic tape on two reels, used to record and play back audio and video material.
cassette
(cycling) A set of sprockets mounted onto a splined shaft on the freehub.

cassette recorder cassette recorders n
magnétocassette
A tape recorder that records on cassette tapes

cassiterite cassiterites n
cassitérite
(mineral) A generally black mineral, composed of tin oxide, SnO2, which is an important ore of tin.

cassock /ˈkasək/ /ˈkæsək/ cassocks n
soutane
An item of clerical clothing: a long, sheath-like, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clergy members of some Christian denominations. [from 17th c.]

cassowary /ˈkæs.ə.ˌwɛɹ.i/ cassowaries n
casoar
A large flightless bird of the genus Casuarius that is native to Australia and New Guinea, has a characteristic bony crest on its head, and can be very dangerous.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ casts n
jet
An act of throwing.
distribution
The collective group of actors performing a play or production together. Contrasted with crew.
moulage
An object made in a mould.
plâtre
A supportive and immobilising device used to help mend broken bones.
moule
The mould used to make cast objects.
strabisme
A squint.
forme
Visual appearance.

cast /kast/ /kæst/ /kɑːst/ v
muer
(of an animal) To throw off (the skin) as a process of growth; to shed the hair or fur of the coat. [from 15th c.]
sonder
(nautical) To heave the lead and line in order to ascertain the depth of water.
diriger jeter
To direct (one's eyes, gaze etc.). [from 13th c.]
additionner sommer
(dated, _, except in, _, accounting) To add up (a column of figures, accounts etc.); cross-cast refers to adding up a row of figures. [from 14th c.]
jeter voter
To turn (the balance or scale); to overbalance; hence, to make preponderate; to decide.
jeter
To perform, bring forth (a magical spell or enchantment).
(Wicca) To open a circle in order to begin a spell or meeting of witches.
fondre couler
To shape (molten metal etc.) by pouring into a mould; to make (an object) in such a way. [from 15th c.]
lancer retyper transtyper
(nautical) To bring the bows of a sailing ship on to the required tack just as the anchor is weighed by use of the headsail; to bring (a ship) round. [from 18th c.]
voter
To deposit (a ballot or voting paper); to formally register (one's vote). [from 19th c.]
plâtrer
(medicine) To set (a bone etc.) in a cast.

cast a chill v
jeter un froid
(idiom) To provoke an uneasy feeling which stops a conversation, as by an uncalled act or word.

cast aspersions v
calomnier dire du mal
(idiomatic) To make damaging or spiteful remarks.

cast in concrete adj
gravé dans le marbre
(postpositive, idiomatic) solidly established, very difficult to alter

cast iron cast irons n
fonte
A hard and brittle, but strong, alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon, formed by casting in a mould.

cast net cast nets n
filet coulé épervier
a (usually weighted) fishing net that is thrown and then pulled back via an attached line

cast off v
abandonner
(transitive) To discard or reject something.
larguer les amarres
(ambitransitive, nautical) To let go (a cable or rope securing a vessel to a buoy, wharf, etc.) so that the vessel may make way.

cast one's net wide v
ratisser large

cast one's vote v
voter
(idiomatic, intransitive) To vote for something.

cast out v
chasser expulser

cast out nines v
preuve par neuf
(arithmetic) To apply a procedure for verifying whether an arithmetic operation is probably correct or certainly incorrect using modulo characteristics of the digit 9.

cast pearls before swine v
jeter des perles aux pourceaux donner de la confiture à des cochons

cast the first stone v
jeter la pierre
(idiomatic) To act self-righteously in accusing another person, believing oneself to be blameless.

castable more castable most castable adj
transtypable
(engineering) Capable of being cast, as in a mould.
(programming) Capable of being cast to another data type.

castanet /ˌkæs.tə.ˈnɛt/ castanets n
castagnette
(musical instruments, chiefly, in the plural) A single handheld percussion instrument consisting of a pair of concave shells or shell-shaped parts joined on one edge by string.

castaway /ˈkæs.tə.weɪ/ /ˈkæstəweɪ/ /ˈkɑːstəweɪ/ castaways n
naufragé
(nautical) A shipwrecked sailor.

caste /kæst/ /kɑːst/ castes n
caste
Any of the hereditary social classes and subclasses of South Asian societies.

casteism casteisms n
casteisme
Discrimination based on a person's caste.

castellan /ˈkæstələn/ /ˈkæstɪlən/ castellans n
châtelain
(chiefly, _, historical) The governor or caretaker entrusted to oversee a castle or keep for its lord.

castellany castellanies n
castellanie

caster /ˈkæstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæstɚ/ /ˈkɑːstə(ɹ)/ casters n
roulette
(automotive) The angle of the axis around which a car's front wheels rotate when the steering wheel is turned, with a vertical axis being defined as zero caster.

caster sugar caster sugars n
sucre semoule
Granulated sugar that has been sifted to have a finer crystal size, so that it can be shaken out of the holes of a caster.

castigate /ˈkæs.tə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkæs.tɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
châtier
(transitive, formal) To punish or reprimand someone severely.
corriger réviser
(transitive, rare) To revise or make corrections to a publication.

casting /ˈkastɪŋ/ /ˈkæstɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːstɪŋ/ /ˈkɛəstɪŋ/ castings n
audition casting
The act or process of selecting actors, singers, dancers, models, etc.
(hunting) Of hounds, the act of spreading out and searching for a scent.
moulage
A manufacturing process using a mold.
moulage pièce pièce moulée
(countable) An object made in a mold.
pelote de réjection réjection
The regurgitation of fur, feathers, and other undigestible material by hawks, to clean and empty their crops.[W]
turricule
The excreta of an earthworm or similar creature.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ castles n
château château-fort
A large residential building or compound that is fortified and contains many defences; in previous ages often inhabited by a nobleman or king. Also, a house or mansion with some of the architectural features of medieval castles.

castle /kæsl̩/ /kɑːsl̩/ /ˈkæsəl/ /ˈkɑːsəl/ v
roquer
(usually, _, intransitive, shogi) To create a similar defensive position in Japanese chess through several moves.

castle in the air /ˈkæs(ə)l ɪn ði ˈɛəɹ/ /ˈkɑːs(ə)l ɪn ðiː ˈɛə/ castles in the air n
châteaux en Espagne
(idiomatic) A desire, idea, or plan that is unlikely to ever be realized; a visionary project or scheme; a daydream, an idle fancy, a near impossibility. [from mid 16th c.]

castling /ˈkæsəlɪŋ/ /ˈkɑːsəlɪŋ/ castlings n
roque
(chess) A move in which the king moves two squares towards a rook, and the rook moves to the other side of the king; the action of the verb to castle.

castor oil /ˈkæ.stɚ ˌɔɪl/ /ˈkɑː.stə ˌɔɪl/ castor oils n
huile de ricin

castor oil plant castor oil plants n
ricin
A plant of the species Ricinus communis, used in the production of castor oil and of the poison ricin.

castoreum castoreums n
castoréum
The bitter exudate of the castor sacs of mature beavers.

castrametation castrametations n
castramétation
Planning and construction of a military camp.

castrate /kæsˈtɹeɪt/ /ˈkæs.tɹeɪt/ v
castrer châtrer
(transitive) To remove the testicles of a person or animal.

castrated more castrated most castrated adj
castré
Having had the reproductive organs removed (testicles in males, ovaries in females).

castration /kæˈstɹeɪʃən/ castrations n
castration
(surgery) The act of removing the testicles.

castrato /kæsˈtɹɑː.təʊ/ adj
castrat

castrato /kæsˈtɹɑː.təʊ/ castrati castratos n
castrat
A male soprano or alto voice produced by castration of the treble singer before puberty, intended to conserve his voice; the singer.

castrator castrators n
castrator châtreur châtreuse
One who castrates (gelds or neuters).

casual /-uːæl/ /ˈkazjuːəl/ /ˈkaʒ(uː)əl/ /ˈkaʒjuːəl/ /ˈkæʒ(u)əl/ /ˈkæʒwəl/ /ˈkɛʒ(ʉː)əl/ more casual most casual adj
accidentel de hasard fortuit
Happening by chance.
occasionnel
Coming without regularity; occasional or incidental.
désinvolte
Careless.
décontracté sport
(of clothing or utensils) Designed for informal or everyday use.

casualisation casualisations n
précarisation
(economics) The process by which employment shifts from a preponderance of full-time and permanent or contract positions to higher levels of casual positions.

casualize v
casualiser

casualty /ˈkaʒjʊəlti/ /ˈkæʒjʊəlti/ casualties n
urgences
accident
Something that happens by chance, especially an unfortunate event; an accident, a disaster.
victime blessé
(military) A person in military service who becomes unavailable for duty, for any reason (notably death, injury, illness, capture, or desertion).

casuistic /ˌkæzjuˈɪstɪk/ /ˌkæʒuˈɪstɪk/ more casuistic most casuistic adj
casuistique
Relating to casuistry (attempts to solve moral dilemmas by applying general rules).

casuistry /ˈkæzjuːɪstɹi/ /ˈkæʒjuːɪstɹi/ /ˈkæʒuːəstɹi/ /ˈkæʒuːɪstɹi/ casuistries n
casuistique
The process of answering practical questions via interpretation of rules, or of cases that illustrate such rules, especially in ethics; case-based reasoning.

casus belli /- ˈbɛl.i/ /ˈkeɪ.suːs ˈbɛl.aɪ/ /ˈkeɪ.səs ˈbɛl.aɪ/ casus belli casus bellis n
casus belli
An act seen as justifying or causing a war; an act of war.

cat /kat/ /kæt/ [kʰæt] [kʰæt̚] cats n
bistoquet
chat chatte
A domesticated species (Felis catus) of feline animal, commonly kept as a house pet. [from 8thc.]
félin félidé féliforme féliformes féliné féloidé
Any similar animal of the family Felidae, which includes lions, tigers, bobcats, leopards, cougars, cheetahs, caracals, lynxes, and other such non-domesticated species.
félin félidé féliné chat
An animal of the family Felidae:
capon
(nautical) A strong tackle used to hoist an anchor to the cathead of a ship.
féliné machairodontiné machairodontinés panthériné
(archaic) The pointed piece of wood that is struck in the game of tipcat.
gus mec
(historical) A wheeled shelter, used in the Middle Ages as a siege weapon to allow assailants to approach enemy defences.

cat /kat/ /kæt/ [kʰæt] [kʰæt̚] v
caponner
(nautical, transitive) To hoist (the anchor) by its ring so that it hangs at the cathead.
fouetter avec un chat à neuf queues
(nautical, transitive) To flog with a cat-o'-nine-tails.
débecter débequeter dégobiller gerber
(slang) To vomit.

cat and mouse n
jeu du chat et de la souris
A relationship in which two parties closely monitor and challenge one another in a suspicious or self-protective manner, often because each party is attempting to gain an advantage over the other.

cat café cat cafés n
bar à chats café à chats
A café that has domestic cats for the clientele to interact with.

cat flap cat flaps n
chatière
Small hinged panel, usually cut into a door, with an opening just big enough for a cat to enter.

cat food cat foods n
nourriture pour chat
A type of food specially formulated for the feeding of cats, typically composed of processed grain and meat byproducts as dry food or canned fish or meat as wet food.

cat got someone's tongue phraseologicalUnit
tu as donné ta langue au chat ? tu as perdu ta langue ?
(idiomatic, humorous) Why is someone not saying anything?

cat in the sack n
louche
Something to be suspicious of.

cat lady cat ladies n
femme à chats
(informal, sometimes, derogatory) A woman, often elderly, who devotes her time and attention to one or usually many domestic cats.

cat meat n
viande de chat
Cat eaten as meat.

cat thyme cat thymes n
germandrée des chats
A low-growing herb, Teucrium marum, related to germander, which has a pungent scent that causes sneezing, but is attractive to cats.

cat tree cat trees n
arbre à chat
A structure of platforms and scratching posts designed in which for a cat to play.

cat's eye cats' eyes n
œil de chat
(countable, British, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia , usually, _, in the plural) A retroreflective device placed on a road surface as a marking that can be seen even at night.

cat's tongue cats' tongues n
langue de chat
A small chocolate bar or (sometimes chocolate-covered) cookie/biscuit which is shaped somewhat like the tongue of a cat.

cat's whisker cat's whiskers n
chercheur
(electronics) The wire that touches the crystal in a crystal radio.

cat-o'-nine-tails cats-o'-nine-tails n
chat à neuf queues
(nautical) A scourge (multi-tail whip) having nine, often knotted, whipcords, formerly used for flogging as naval punishment.

catabolism /kəˈtæbəlɪzm/ catabolisms n
catabolisme
(biochemistry) Destructive (lytic) metabolism or metabolization, usually including the release of energy and breakdown of materials.

catachresis /ˌkæt.əˈkɹiː.sɪs/ catachreses n
catachrèse
(rhetoric) A misapplication or overextension of figurative or analogical description; a wrongly applied metaphor or trope.

cataclysm /ˈkætəˌklɪzm̩/ cataclysms n
cataclysme
A sudden, violent event.

catacomb /ˈkætəkoʊm/ /ˈkætəkuːm/ /ˈkætəkəʊm/ catacombs n
catacombe
(often plural) An underground system of tunnels and chambers with recesses for graves, used (in former times) as a cemetery; a tunnel system used for burying the dead, as in Paris or Ancient Rome.

catadromous more catadromous most catadromous adj
catadrome
(ichthyology, of a migratory fish) Living in fresh water as an adult, but breeding in the sea.

catafalque /ˈkatəfalk/ catafalques n
catafalque échafaud
A platform used to display or convey a coffin during a funeral, often ornate.

catalepsy catalepsies n
catalepsie
(pathology) A severe bodily condition, described in psychiatric pathology, marked by sudden rigidity, fixation of posture, and loss of contact with environmental conditions.

catalogue /ˈkæt.əˌlɑɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɒɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/ catalogues n
catalogue
A systematic list of books, names, pictures, etc.
(computing, dated) A directory listing.
catalogue inventaire
(music) A complete list of a recording artist's or a composer's songs.

catalogue /ˈkæt.əˌlɑɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɒɡ/ /ˈkæt.əˌlɔɡ/ v
cataloguer
To put into a catalogue.
To add items (e.g. books) to an existing catalogue.
inventorier
To make a catalogue of.

catalysis /kəˈtæləsɪs/ catalyses n
catalyse
(chemistry) The increase of the rate of a chemical reaction, induced by a catalyst.

catalyst /ˈkæt.ə.lɪst/ /ˈkæt.əl.ɪst/ catalysts n
catalyseur
(chemistry) A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.
catalyseur agitateur démiurge enzyme ferment levain
(figurative) Something that encourages progress or change.

catalytic /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk/ more catalytic most catalytic adj
catalytique
(chemistry) Of or relating to a catalyst; having properties facilitating chemical reaction or change.

catalytic converter catalytic converters n
pot catalytique
(automotive) A chamber containing a finely divided platinum catalyst in which carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust are oxidized to carbon dioxide.

catalyze /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/ v
catalyser
(transitive) To bring about the catalysis of a chemical reaction.
(transitive) To accelerate a process.

catalyzer catalyzers n
catalyseur
(American spelling, Canadian spelling) That which catalyzes.

catamaran /ˈkæ.tə.məˌɹæn/ /ˌkæ.tə.məˈɹæn/ catamarans n
catamaran
A twin-hulled ship or boat.

catamite /ˈkætəmaɪt/ catamites n
catamite
A boy or younger man in a homoerotic relationship with an older man. [1552]

catapeltic /ˌkætəˈpɛltɪk/ adj
catapeltique
(military, weaponry, archaic) Pertaining to a catapult or catapults.

cataphora /kætəˈfɔɹə/ /kəˈtæfəɹə/ cataphoras n
cataphore
(linguistics, rhetoric) The use of a pronoun, or other linguistic unit, before the noun phrase to which it refers, sometimes used for rhetorical effect.

cataphract /ˈkætəfɹækt/ /ˈkætəˌfɹækt/ [ˈkæɾə-] cataphracts n
cataphractaire
(military, historical) A soldier (especially a horseman) covered with a cataphract (etymology 1, sense 1).

catapult /ˈkæ.tə.pʌlt/ catapults n
catapulte
A device or weapon for throwing or launching large objects.

catapult /ˈkæ.tə.pʌlt/ v
catapulter
(transitive) To fire a missile from a catapult.
(transitive) To increase the status of something rapidly.
(intransitive) To be fired from a catapult or as if from a catapult.
(intransitive) To have one's status increased rapidly.

cataract /ˈkætəɹækt/ cataracts n
cataracte
A large waterfall; steep rapids in a river.
(pathology) A clouding of the lens in the eye leading to a decrease in vision.

catarrh /kəˈtɑɹ/ catarrhs n
catarrhe
(pathology) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.

catasterism catasterisms n
catastérisation

catastrophe /kəˈtæstɹəfi/ catastrophes n
catastrophe
Any large and disastrous event of great significance.
(narratology) The dramatic event that initiates the resolution of the plot; the dénouement.

catastrophic /kætəˈstɹɒfɪk/ more catastrophic most catastrophic adj
catastrophique
Of or pertaining to a catastrophe.
catastrophique désastreux
Disastrous; ruinous.

catastrophically more catastrophically most catastrophically adv
catastrophiquement
In a catastrophic manner, or to a catastrophic extent; disastrously.

catathrenia n
catathrénie

catatonia /kætəˈtoʊniə/ catatonias n
catatonie
A severe psychiatric condition, often associated with schizophrenia, characterized by a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.

catatonic /kæ.təˈtɑn.ɪk/ /kæ.təˈtɒn.ɪk/ more catatonic most catatonic adj
catatonique
(medicine) Of, relating to, or suffering from catatonia; having a tendency to remain in a rigid state of stupor for long periods which give way to short periods of extreme agitation.

catch /kæt͡ʃ/ /kɑt͡ʃ/ /kɛt͡ʃ/ catches n
arrest
(uncountable) The game of catching a ball.
(countable, cricket, baseball) The act of catching a hit ball before it reaches the ground, resulting in an out.
prise proie
(countable) Something which is captured or caught.
prise conquête touche
(countable, colloquial, by extension) A find, in particular a boyfriend or girlfriend or prospective spouse.
loquet loqueteau verrou
(countable) A stopping mechanism, especially a clasp which stops something from opening.
couille hic
(countable, sometimes, _, noun adjunct) A concealed difficulty, especially in a deal or negotiation.

catch /kæt͡ʃ/ /kɑt͡ʃ/ /kɛt͡ʃ/ v
attraper choper
(transitive) To entrap or trip up a person; to deceive. [from 14thc.]
(intransitive) To engage with some mechanism; to stick, to succeed in interacting with something or initiating some process.
(transitive, surfing) To contact a wave in such a way that one can ride it back to shore.
attraper prendre
(transitive) To capture or snare (someone or something which would rather escape). [from 13thc.]
intercepter
(transitive, computing) To handle an exception. [from 20thc.]
attraper
(transitive) To seize or intercept an object moving through the air (or, sometimes, some other medium). [from 16thc.]
prendre
(transitive, now, rare) To seize (an opportunity) when it occurs. [from 16thc.]
(transitive, informal) To take in; to watch or listen to (an entertainment). [from 20thc.]
suivre
(transitive) To grasp mentally: perceive and understand. [from 16thc.]

catch a cold v
attraper froid attraper la mort attraper un rhume prendre froid
(idiomatic) To contract a cold.

catch fire v
prendre feu enflammer
(idiomatic) To become engulfed in flames, to combust.

catch heat v
se faire appeler Arthur se faire enguirlander se faire remonter les bretelles se faire sonner les cloches se faire tirer les oreilles
(colloquial, idiomatic) To get into trouble with somebody; to be scolded or chastised.

catch it v
se faire appeler Arthur se faire enguirlander se faire remonter les bretelles se faire sonner les cloches se faire tirer les oreilles
(idiomatic) To be severely reprimanded, punished, or beaten.

catch napping v
prendre au dépourvu prendre de court prendre sans vert
(transitive, idiomatic) To surprise; to take advantage of the lack of watchfulness of.

catch of the day catches of the day n
bon parti
(idiomatic) A person who is a popular or desirable choice to be a partner in a prospective marital or romantic relationship.

catch on v
se répandre
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become popular; to become commonplace; to become the standard.

catch one's breath v
reprendre son souffle
to take a break, or rest while doing a strenuous activity, so that one's breathing becomes easier

catch one's death v
attraper la mort

catch out v
piéger
(transitive) To discover or expose as fake, insincere, or inaccurate.

catch red-handed v
prendre la main dans le sac
(transitive) To discover or capture someone in the act of committing a crime.

catch sight of v
apercevoir entrevoir
(transitive, idiomatic) to see for a brief period; to get a glimpse of

catch someone's drift v
saisir [[l']]idée suivre

catch someone's eye v
attirer [[l']]attention de attirer le regard de

catch up v
prendre des nouvelles
(intransitive) To be brought up to date with news.
atteindre rattraper
(ambitransitive) To reach something that had been ahead.

catch-all catch-alls n
attrape-tout fourre-tout
Any place or repository where things are placed indiscriminately or without careful thought.

catcher /ˈkæt͡ʃə/ /ˈkæt͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃ-/ catchers n
attrapeur
Someone or something that catches.
receveur receveuse
(baseball) The player that squats behind home plate and receives the pitches from the pitcher

catchment basin catchment basins n
bassin versant
(hydrology) A topographic region in which all water drains to a common outlet.

catchphrase catchphrases n
phrase fétiche
A repeated expression, often originating in popular culture.

catchy /ˈkæt͡ʃi/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃi/ catchier catchiest adj
entraînant
(of a tune or phrase) Instantly appealing and memorable.

catechesis catecheses n
catéchèse
Religious instruction given orally to catechumens.

catechetical adj
cathéchétique
Of or pertaining to catechesis.

catechine catechines n
catéchine
A polyphenolic antioxidant plant metabolite.

catechism /ˈkætɪˌkɪzəm/ catechisms n
catéchisme
A book, in question and answer form, summarizing the basic principles of Christianity.

catechize /ˈkatɪkaɪz/ /ˈkætɪkaɪz/ v
catéchiser
To question at length.

catecholamine /katəˈkɒləmiːn/ /katəˈkəʊləmiːn/ catecholamines n
catécholamine
(biochemistry) Any of a class of aromatic amines derived from pyrocatechol that are hormones produced by the adrenal gland.

catechumen /ˌkæt.əˈkju.mən/ /ˌkæt.ɪˈkjuː.mɛn/ catechumens n
catéchumène
A convert to Christianity under instruction before baptism; a young or recent Christian preparing for confirmation.

categorially /ˈkæ.tə.ɡɒ.ɹɪə.li/ more categorially most categorially adv
catégoriellement
In a categorial manner.

categorical /ˌkætəˈɡɔɹɪk(ə)l/ more categorical most categorical adj
catégorique
Absolute; having no exception.
catégoriel catégorielle
Of, pertaining to, or using a category or categories.

categorical imperative categorical imperatives n
impératif catégorique
(ethics) A fundamental ethical principle intended as a guide for determining whether any contemplated action is morally right, based on the concept that an action is good or bad in and of itself regardless of what the actor's aims or preferences are.

categorically /kæt.əˈɡɒ.ɹɪk.(ə.)li/ more categorically most categorically adv
catégoriquement
In a categorical manner.
catégoriellement
By the use of categories.

categorization categorizations n
catégorisation
The process of sorting or arranging things into categories or classes.

categorize v
catégoriser classer classifier
(transitive) To assign a category; to divide into classes.

category /ˈkætəˌɡɔɹi/ /ˈkætɪɡ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘɡ(ɘ)ɹi/ /ˈkɛtɘˌɡoːɹi/ categories n
catégorie
A group, often named or numbered, to which items are assigned based on similarity or defined criteria.
(mathematics) A collection of objects, together with a transitively closed collection of composable arrows between them, such that every object has an identity arrow, and such that arrow composition is associative.

category theory n
théorie des catégories
(mathematics) A branch of mathematics which deals with spaces and maps between them in abstraction, taking similar theorems from various disparate more concrete branches of mathematics and unifying them.

catenary /kəˈtiːnəɹi/ /kəˈtɛnəɹi/ /ˈkætəˌnɛɹi/ catenaries n
chaînette
(engineering) Any physical cable, rope, chain, or other weight-supporting structure taking such geometric shape, as a suspension cable for a bridge or a power-transmission line or an arch for a bridge or roof.

catenate /kæt.ə.neɪt/ /ˈkæt.ən.eɪt/ v
caténer
To connect things together, especially to form a chain.

catenative /ˈkæ.tə.neɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkæ.tə.nə.tɪv/ adj
caténatif
Having the ability to catenate, or form chains.

catenin catenins n
caténine
(protein) Any of a class of proteins that have a role in cell adhesion

catenoid catenoids n
caténoïde
(geometry) A three-dimensional surface formed by rotation of a catenary

cater /ˈkeɪtə/ /ˈkeɪtɚ/ v
pourvoir satisfaire
faire traiteur
(ambitransitive) To provide with food, especially for a special occasion as a professional service.

caterer /ˈkeɪtəɹɚ/ caterers n
traiteur traiteuse
A person or company hired to provide and serve food, usually for a large group and at a location separate from where the food is prepared.

catering /ˈkeɪ.tə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪ.tɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈkeɪt(ə)ɹɪŋ/ [ˈkeɪ.ɾɚ.ɪŋ] caterings n
restauration
(uncountable, UK, Philippines) The business of providing food and related services; foodservice.

caterpillar /ˈkætəˌpɪlə/ /ˈkætəˌpɪlɚ/ /ˈkætɚˌpɪlɚ/ caterpillars n
chenille
The larva of a butterfly or moth; leafworm.
A vehicle with a caterpillar track; a crawler.
(maths) A set of subtrees of a tree.

caterpillar track caterpillar tracks n
chenille
A continuous track in the form of a steel or rubber belt fitted instead of wheels to crawlers, bulldozers, excavators, loaders, backhoes, tanks and similar off-road vehicles.

caterwaul /ˈkæt.ə.wɔːl/ /ˈkæt.ɚ.wɑl/ /ˈkæt.ɚ.wɔl/ v
faire un vrai sabbat
feuler
(intransitive) To cry as cats in heat; to make a harsh, offensive noise.
faire du chahut
(intransitive) To have a noisy argument, like cats.

catfight catfights n
crêpage de chignons
(slang) A fight or bickering, especially between women.

catfish catfish catfishes n
silure poisson-chat
The meat of such a fish, popular in the Southern U.S. and Central Europe.

catgirl catgirls n
fille-chat
(chiefly, Japanese and Japanese-influenced fiction) A female fictional character who has a cat's ears, tail, or other feline characteristics on an otherwise humanoid body.

catgut /ˈkætˌɡʌt/ catguts n
catgut corde en boyau corde à boyau
(uncountable) The material from which such cords are made.

catharsis /kəˈθɑɹˌsɪs/ /kəˈθɑːsɪs/ catharses n
catharsis défoulement
(drama) A release of emotional tension after an overwhelming vicarious experience, resulting in the purging or purification of the emotions, as through watching a dramatic production (especially a tragedy).
défoulement catharsis
Any release of emotional tension to the same effect, more widely.
défoulement
(psychology) A therapeutic technique to relieve tension by re-establishing the association of an emotion with the memory or idea of the event that first caused it, and then eliminating it by complete expression (called the abreaction).

cathartic more cathartic most cathartic adj
cathartique
Purgative; inducing mental or physical catharsis.

cathartic cathartics n
cathartique

cathedral /kəˈθiː.dɹəl/ adj
cathédral
Relating to the throne or the see of a bishop.

cathedral /kəˈθiː.dɹəl/ cathedrals n
cathédrale
The principal church of an archbishop's/bishop's archdiocese/diocese which contains an episcopal throne.
(loosely or informally) A large or important church building.

catheter /ˈkæθɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈkæθɪtɚ/ catheters n
cathéter
(medicine) A small tube inserted into a body cavity to administer a drug, create an opening, distend a passageway, or remove fluid.

cathetus /kəˈθɪ.təs/ /ˈkæ.θɪ.təs/ catheti cathetuses n
cathète
(geometry) A line perpendicular to a surface (or line); in particular, either of the sides of a right triangle other than its hypotenuse.

cathode /ˈkæθ.oʊd/ cathodes n
cathode
(electricity) An electrode, of a cell or other electrically polarized device, through which a positive current of electricity flows outwards (and thus, electrons flow inwards). It can have either a negative or a positive voltage with respect to anode of the same polarized device (depending on whether the device is a load or a source, respectively).

cathode ray tube cathode ray tubes n
tube cathodique
(electronics) A vacuum tube that displays still or moving images (such as for a television), by controlling the direction of a cathode ray emitted towards the front of the tube. The front is coated by a layer of fluorescent material, so that it emits light when struck by the beam.

catholic /ˈkæθ(ə)lɪk/ /ˈkɑːθ(ə)lɪk/ more catholic most catholic adj
catholique
Universal; all-encompassing.

catholicity catholicities n
catholicité
The quality of being catholic, universal or inclusive.

catholicos /kəˈθɒlɪkəs/ catholicoi catholicoses n
catholicos
(Christianity) A high-ranking bishop or patriarch in certain Eastern Christian traditions.

cation /ˈkætˌaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈkætˌaɪ.ən/ cations n
cation

catkin catkins n
chaton iule
(botany) A type of inflorescence, consisting of an axis with many unisexual apetalous flowers along its sides, as in the willow and poplar.

catlike more catlike most catlike adj
félin
resembling a cat; feline

catnip /ˈkætnɪp/ catnips n
cataire chataire herbe à chat
Nepeta cataria and Nepeta grandiflora (and perhaps other species), which are well-known for causing an apparently harmless pheromone-based intoxication among certain cats.

catoblepas /-bliː-/ /-blɛ-/ /-pæs/ /-tə-/ /kæ-/ /kəˈtɒblɪpəs/ /ˈkætoʊblɪpəs/ /ˌkætoʊˈbliːpəs/ /ˌkætoʊˈblɛpəs/ catoblepae catoblepones n
catoblépas
A legendary creature from Ethiopia, said to have the body of a Cape buffalo, scales on its back, and the head of a wild boar, which always points downward because of its weight.

catslaughter n
félicide
The killing of a cat, the slaughter of cats.

cattail /ˈkæt.teɪl/ cattails n
massette quenouille
Any of several perennial herbs, of the genus Typha, that have long flat leaves, and grow in marshy places.

cattery /ˈkætəɹi/ catteries n
chatterie
A place where cats board when their owners are on holiday.

cattle /ˈkætəl/ [ˈkʰæt(ə)ɫ] [ˈkʰæɾ(ə)ɫ] n
bétail
Certain other livestock, such as sheep, pigs or horses.
bétail bovins
(pejorative, figuratively) People who resemble domesticated bovine animals in behavior or destiny.

cattle egret cattle egrets n
héron garde-bœufs
A small egret, Bubulcus ibis, of the heron family (Ardeidae)

cattleman cattlemen n
bouvier
A man who raises or tends cattle, as:

catty /ˈkæti/ [ˈkʰæɾi] cattier cattiest adj
méchant rosse rosserie
(informal, of a person or remark) With subtle hostility in an effort to hurt, annoy, or upset, particularly among women.
(informal) Resembling or characteristic of a cat.

catwalk catwalks n
podium passerelle
(fashion) A narrow elevated stage on which models parade.

caucus /ˈkɑ(ː).kəs/ /ˈkɒ(ː).kəs/ /ˈkɔ(ː).kəs/ /ˈkɔː.kəs/ caucuses caucusses n
caucus groupe parlementaire
A grouping of all the members of a legislature from the same party.

caucus race caucus races n
course à l'échalote
(US, idiomatic) The competitive process in which a political party selects their candidate, especially presidential; a primary election via caucus.
(US, idiomatic) A political competition; the game of campaigning and one-upmanship to get votes and be elected.
(originally, British, idiomatic) A laborious but arbitrary and futile activity; an activity that amounts to running around in a circle, expending great energy but not accomplishing anything.

caudal /ˈkɔːdəl/ adj
caudal
(zoology) Pertaining to the tail or posterior or hind part of a body.

caudal fin caudal fins n
nageoire caudale
The tailfin of a fish and other aquatic vertebrates.

caudal peduncle caudal peduncles n
pédoncule caudal
(ichthyology) The narrow part of a fish's body to which the caudal or tail fin is attached. Its proportions, such as the length and breadth, and attached organs, such as spines of surgeonfishes or caudal keels and finlets of Scombridae often are important in descriptions of fish species.

caudate /ˈkɔːdeɪt/ adj
caudate
(zoology) Having a tail.

caudate /ˈkɔːdeɪt/ caudates n
caudate urodèle
(zoology) Any member of the Caudata order of amphibians.

caudillo /kaʊˈdiː(j)oʊ/ /kɔˈdiː(j)oʊ/ caudillos n
caudillo
A military dictator, especially one ruling in Spain, Portugal or Latin America.

caul /kɔːl/ cauls n
coiffe
(historical) A style of close-fitting circular cap worn by women in the sixteenth century and later, often made of linen. [from 14th c.]
crépine
The thin membrane which covers the lower intestines; the omentum. [from 14th c.]
coiffe céphalique
The amnion which encloses the foetus before birth, especially that part of it which sometimes shrouds a baby’s head at birth (traditionally considered to be good luck). [from 16th c.]

cauldron /ˈkɔːl.dɹən/ /ˈkəʊl.dɹən/ cauldrons n
chaudron
A large bowl-shaped pot used for boiling over an open flame.

cauliflower /ˈkɑl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒl.i.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɒl.ɪ.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈkɔl.ɪˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cauliflowers n
chou-fleur
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, an annual variety of cabbage, of which the cluster of young flower stalks and buds is eaten as a vegetable.
The edible head or curd of a cauliflower plant.

cauliflower ear cauliflower ears n
oreille en chou-fleur
(boxing, wrestling, sport) An ear swollen and deformed by repeated blows, common among boxers and rugby players.

caulk /kælk/ /kɑk/ /kɔk/ /kɔːk/ v
calfater calfeutrer étouper
To apply caulking to joints, cracks, or a juncture of different materials.

caulking gun caulking guns n
pistolet à calfeutrer
A tool for applying sealant, adhesives, etc., consisting of a metal skeleton with spring-loaded trigger into which a tube of sealant, caulk, etc., is fitted.

causal /ˈkɑ.zəl/ /ˈkɔ.zəl/ /ˈkɔː.zəl/ [kʰɒː.z̥əl] [ˈkʰoː.z̥əl] more causal most causal adj
causal
of, relating to, or being a cause of something; causing

causal link causal links n
lien de causalité lien de cause à effet

causalgia causalgias n
causalgie
(medicine) A disorder with intense burning pain, one of two types of complex regional pain syndrome.

causalism causalisms n
causalisme
(philosophy) The doctrine that actions have a direct cause, especially that people's actions are caused by their mental state at the time

causality /kɑˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /kɔˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /kɔːˈzæl.ɪ.tɪ/ [kɑˈzæl.ɪ.ɾɪ] [kʰoːˈz̥æl.ɪ.tɪ] [kʰɒːˈz̥æl.ɪ.tɪ] causalities n
causalité
The agency of a cause; the action or power of a cause, in producing its effect.
The relationship between something that happens or exists and the thing that causes it; the cause and consequence relationship.

causation /kɑˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /kɔˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /kɔːˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [kʰoːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən] [kʰɒːˈz̥eɪ.ʃən] causations n
causation
The act of causing.

causative /ˈkoːzətɪv/ /ˈkɑzətɪv/ /ˈkɔzətɪv/ /ˈkɔːzətɪv/ [ˈkoː.zə.ɾɪv] [ˈkɑ.zə.ɾɪv] [ˈkɔ.zə.ɾɪv] adj
causatif
(linguistics) Expressing a cause#Noun or causation#Noun.

causative /ˈkoːzətɪv/ /ˈkɑzətɪv/ /ˈkɔzətɪv/ /ˈkɔːzətɪv/ [ˈkoː.zə.ɾɪv] [ˈkɑ.zə.ɾɪv] [ˈkɔ.zə.ɾɪv] causatives n
causatif factitif
(linguistics) An expression of an agent causing or forcing a patient to perform an action (or to be in a certain condition).

cause /kɔz/ /kɔːz/ /ˈkɑz/ [kʰoːz̥] [kʰɒːz̥] causes n
cause raison
(countable, often with of, typically of adverse results) The source of, or reason for, an event or action; that which produces or effects a result.
cause
(countable) A goal, aim or principle, especially one which transcends purely selfish ends.

cause /kɔz/ /kɔːz/ /ˈkɑz/ [kʰoːz̥] [kʰɒːz̥] v
causer
(transitive) To set off an event or action.

cause célèbre /-ˈlɛbɹeɪ/ /-ˈlɛbɹə/ /koʊz seɪ.lɛbɹ(ə)/ /kɔz səˈlɛb/ /kɔːz sɛˈlɛbɹ(ə)/ causes célèbres n
fait polémique
(chiefly, UK) An issue or incident (originally, a legal case) arousing widespread controversy or public debate.

cause of action causes of action n
cause d'action motif valable
(legal) A condition under which one party would be entitled to sue another.

cause of death causes of death n
cause de la mort cause du décès
The official cause of a human death as typically determined by a coroner during an autopsy and included on the deceased's death certificate.

causeway /ˈkɔːz.weɪ/ causeways n
chaussée
A road that is raised so as to be above water, marshland, and similar low-lying obstacles, which in some cases may flood periodically (e.g. due to tides). Originally causeways were much like dykes, generally pierced to let water through, whereas many modern causeways are more like bridges or viaducts.

caustic potash n
potasse caustique

caustic soda caustic sodas n
soude caustique
sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a strong alkaline substance used in the manufacture of paint, soap and detergents, or as a drain cleaner.

causticity /kɔːˈstɪsɪti/ causticities n
causticité
The quality of being physically caustic; burning, corrosive.

caustification n
caustification

cauterization /ˌkɔːtəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/ cauterizations n
adustion cautérisation
The act of searing some morbid part by the application of a cautery or caustic; also, the effect of such application.

cauterize /ˈkɔːtəɹaɪz/ [ˈkʰɑɾəɹaɪz] [ˈkʰɔɾəɹaɪz] v
cautériser
(American spelling, Canadian spelling, Oxford) To burn, sear, or freeze tissue using a hot iron, electric current or a caustic agent.

cautery cauteries n
cautérisation
(surgery) The process of using either extreme heat or extreme cold to either cut or seal body tissue.
cautère
(surgery) A device used for cutting or sealing body tissue.

caution /ˈkɑʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ cautions n
avertissement admonition mise en garde
Prudence when faced with, or when expecting to face, danger; care taken in order to avoid risk or harm.
précaution prudence
A careful attention to the probable effects of an act, in order that failure or harm may be avoided.

caution /ˈkɑʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔʃ(ə)n/ /ˈkɔːʃ(ə)n/ v
avertir
(transitive) To warn; to alert, advise that caution is warranted.

caution - slippery when wet phraseologicalUnit
attention, plancher mouillé attention, sol glissant
Warning, often in the form of a sign, that people should pay attention when walking on a wet and slippery floor not to fall down and get injured.

cautionary tale cautionary tales n
avertissement conte moral fable leçon
A story, originally told in folklore, to warn its audience of a certain danger.

cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/ more cautious most cautious adj
prudent
Using or exercising caution; careful; tentative

cautiously /ˈkɑʃəsli/ /ˈkɔːʃəsli/ more cautiously most cautiously adv
précautionneusement
In a cautious manner.

cavalcade /ˈkævəlˌkeɪd/ /ˌkævəlˈkeɪd/ cavalcades n
cavalcade
(collective) A procession of riders, vehicles, ships, etc.
A ceremonial parade.

cavalier /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/ more cavalier most cavalier adj
cavalier cavalière nonchalant nonchalante
Not caring enough about something important.
cavalier
Supercilious.

cavalier /ˌkævəˈlɪɚ/ cavaliers n
cavalier chevalier
(historical) A military man serving on horse, (chiefly) early modern cavalry officers who had abandoned the heavy armor of medieval knights.
(historical) A gallant: a sprightly young dashing military man.

cavalry /ˈkævəlɹi/ cavalries n
cavalerie
(military, uncountable) The military arm of service that fights while riding horses.
(military, countable) An individual unit of the cavalry arm of service.

cavalryman cavalrymen n
cavalier
A soldier in the cavalry.

cavatina cavatinas n
cavatine
(music) An operatic song in slow tempo, either complete in itself or (e.g., in Bellini and Verdi) followed by a faster, more resolute section: hence

cave /keɪv/ caves n
grotte caverne
A large, naturally-occurring cavity formed underground or in the face of a cliff or a hillside.
cave
A storage cellar, especially for wine or cheese.
antre
A place of retreat, such as a man cave.
éboulement
(mining) A collapse or cave-in.

cave /keɪv/ v
se rendre
(figurative) To surrender.
s'effondrer
To collapse.
déminer saper
To hollow out or undermine.

cave bear cave bears n
ours des cavernes
A large extinct species of bear, †Ursus spelaeus.

cave in v
s'effondrer cabosser
To collapse inward or downward.
s'effondrer
(figurative) To relent; to grant approval against one's initial will.

cave painting /ˈkeɪv ˈpeɪntɪŋ/ cave paintings n
art pariétal
(uncountable) The activity of applying pigments to the interior surfaces of caves to create images, especially when carried out in prehistoric times.
peinture rupestre art pariétal
(uncountable) The paintings resulting from this activity regarded collectively, especially if prehistoric; cave art; (countable) an individual painting of this type.

cave swallow cave swallows n
hirondelle à front brun

cave-in cave-ins n
éboulement
The act of something collapsing or caving in.
The location where something has caved in.

caveat /-æt/ /ˈkeɪ-/ /ˈkæviɑt/ /ˈkævɪæt/ caveats n
avertissement
A warning.

caveman cavemen n
homme des cavernes
An early human or closely related species, popularly held to reside in caves.

cavern /ˈkav.n̩/ /ˈkav.ən/ /ˈkæv.ɚn/ /ˈkæv.ɹən/ caverns n
caverne grotte
A large cave.

cavernicolous more cavernicolous most cavernicolous adj
cavernicole

cavernitis cavernites n
cavernite

cavernous /ˈkav.ən.əs/ /ˈkæv.ɚ.nəs/ more cavernous most cavernous adj
caverneux
Having many caverns.

cavesson /ˈkæv.ə.sən/ /ˈkæv.ɪ.sən/ cavessons n
caveçon
A part of a horse's bridle that consists of a headstall with a noseband. When a martingale is used, it is attached to the horse's head at the cavesson.

caviar /ˈkæv.iˌɑɹ/ /ˈkæv.iˌɑː/ caviars n
caviar
Roe of the sturgeon or of certain other large fish, considered a delicacy.

caviar spoon caviar spoons n
cuillère à caviar
A small shallow spoon made from inert materials (such as gold, horn, or wood) rather than typical metals, intended for eating caviar.

cavil /ˈkæv.əl/ /ˈkæv.ɪl/ v
chicaner
(intransitive) To criticise for petty or frivolous reasons.

cavitation /ˌkævɪˈteɪʃən/ cavitations n
cavitation
(fluid dynamics) The formation, in a fluid, of vapor bubbles that rapidly collapse, especially in a rotating marine propeller or pump impeller.

cavity /ˈkæv.ɪt.i/ [ˈkʰæv.ɨɾ.i] cavities n
carie
(dentistry) A small or large hole in a tooth caused by caries; often also a soft area adjacent to the hole also affected by caries.

cavort /kəˈvɔɹt/ /kəˈvɔːt/ v
cabrioler
(intransitive) To move about carelessly, playfully or boisterously.

caw /kɔː/ caws n
croassement croa
The harsh cry of a crow.

caw /kɔː/ v
croasser
To make the harsh cry of a crow, rook, or raven.

cayenne pepper cayenne peppers n
piment de Cayenne cayenne poivre de Cayenne
A powder condiment or spice formed from the dried chilli pepper varieties above.

cc /siːˈsiː/ cc's ccs n
cc
Initialism of carbon copy.

cease /siːs/ v
cesser arrêter s'arrêter
(formal, intransitive) To stop.
cesser arrêter
(formal, transitive) To stop doing (something).

cease and desist v
cessez et renoncez
(legal) To stop and not resume an action.

cease-fire cease-fires n
cessez-le-feu trêve
In warfare, an agreed end to hostilities for a specific purpose. (Typically only temporary).

ceaseless /ˈsiːsləs/ adj
incessant
Without an end.

cedar /ˈsi.dɚ/ /ˈsiː.də/ cedars n
cèdre
(countable) A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.
(uncountable) The aromatic wood from a Cedrus tree, or from any of several not closely related trees.

cedar waxwing cedar waxwings n
jaseur d'Amérique
A medium-sized passerine bird native to North and Central America (Bombycilla cedrorum).

cedarn adj
en cèdre
(archaic) Constituted of or covered with cedar trees; made of cedar wood.

cede /siːd/ v
céder
(transitive) To give up; yield to another.

cedi /ˈsiːdiː/ cedis n
cedi cédi
The currency of Ghana, divided into 100 pesewas and represented by ₵.

cedilla /səˈdɪlə/ cedillas n
cédille
(orthography) In the spelling of Catalan, French, Portuguese and some other languages, a mark ⟨¸⟩ sometimes placed under the letter c to indicate that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/, as in Catalan força, French menaçant, and Portuguese almoço, and also used in various other languages to change the sounds of other letters.

cee /ˈsiː/ cees n
cé
The name of the Latin-script letter C.

ceftriaxone /ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/ n
ceftriaxone

ceilidh /ˈkeɪli/ /ˈkeɪliən/ /ˈkeːli/ /ˈkeːliən/ ceilidhean ceilidhs n
céilí
An informal social gathering, especially one where traditional Irish or Scottish folk music is played, with dancing and storytelling.

ceiling /ˈsiːlɪŋ/ ceilings n
plafond
The upper limit of an object or action.
(architecture) The overhead interior surface that covers the upper limits of a room.
partie entière par excès plafond
(mathematics) The smallest integer greater than or equal to a given number.

ceiling fan ceiling fans n
ventilateur de plafond
A fan fixture attached to a ceiling, sometimes with a built-in light.

celadon /ˈsɛlədɒn/ /ˈsɛlədən/ /ˈsɛləˌdɑn/ celadons n
céladon
A pale green colour, possibly tinted with gray.
A pale green Chinese glaze.
A ceramic ware with a pale green glaze.

celebrate /ˈsel.ə.bɹæɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ə.bɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛl.ɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
célébrer rendre hommage
(transitive) To extol or honour in a solemn manner.
célébrer fêter
(transitive) To honour by rites, by ceremonies of joy and respect, or by refraining from ordinary business; to observe duly.
(transitive) To perform or participate in, as a sacrament or solemn rite; to perform with appropriate rites.
fêter faire la fête
(intransitive) To engage in joyful activity in appreciation of an event.

celebrated /ˈsɛl.ɪ.bɹeɪ.tɪd/ more celebrated most celebrated adj
célèbre
famous or widely praised

celebration /ˌsɛlɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ celebrations n
célébration
The formal performance of a solemn rite, such as Christian sacrament.
célébration fête
A social gathering for entertainment and fun; a party.

celebrity /sɪˈlɛbɹɪti/ celebrities n
célébrité
(uncountable) Fame, renown; the state of being famous or talked-about. [from 17th c.]
célébrité people
A person who has a high degree of recognition by the general population for his or her success or accomplishments; a famous person. [from 19th c.]

celeriac /səˈlɛəɹiæk/ /səˈlɪəɹiæk/ celeriacs n
céleri-rave
A form of celery, Apium graveolens, having an aromatic taproot eaten as a vegetable. [from mid 18th century]

celerity /sɪˈlɛɹɪti/ celerities n
célérité
Speed, swiftness.
(oceanography, meteorology) The speed of an individual wave (as opposed to the speed of groups of waves); often denoted c.

celery /ˈsɛl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛl.ɚ.i/ celeries n
céleri
A European herb (Apium graveolens) of the carrot family.
(uncountable) The stalks of this herb eaten as a vegetable.

celery salt celery salts n
sel de céleri
A spice ingredient used in cooking consisting of ground celery seed and salt.

celesta /səˈlɛstə/ celestas n
célesta
(musical instruments) A musical instrument consisting principally of a set of graduated steel plates struck with hammers that are activated by a keyboard.

celestial /səˈlɛs.ti.əl/ /səˈlɛs.t͡ʃəl/ adj
céleste
of or related to Heaven and the divine.
Relating to the sky or outer space, regarded as the realm of the sun, moon, planets, and stars.

celestial body celestial bodies n
astre corps céleste
(astronomy, astrology) A natural object which is located outside of Earth's atmosphere, such as a comet, an asteroid, the Moon, a planet, the Sun, or a star.

celestial equator celestial equators n
équateur céleste
(astronomy) A great circle on the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane of earth's Equator.

celestial mechanics n
mécanique céleste
(astronomy) The dynamics of celestial bodies subject to mutual gravitational attraction.

celestial sphere celestial spheres n
sphère céleste
(astronomy) The apparent outer limit of space; an abstract sphere of infinite radius which serves as the imaginary backdrop for celestial objects, and of which the visible sky is one hemisphere.

celestine celestines n
célestine
(mineral) A mineral with orthorhombic crystals, SrSO4, colourless or white with blue and sometimes red shades.

celibacy /ˈsɛləbəsi/ celibacies n
célibat
Abstaining from marriage; the state of being unmarried.
(by extension) Abstinence from sexual relations.

celibate /ˈsɛləbət/ adj
célibataire
(chiefly religious) Not married.

celibate /ˈsɛləbət/ celibates n
célibataire
One who is not married, especially one who has taken a religious vow not to get married, usually because of being a member of a religious community.

cell /sɛl/ cells n
portable mobile
(US, informal) A cellular phone.
cellule
A small room in a monastery or nunnery accommodating one person. [from 14th c.]
A room in a prison or jail for one or more inmates. [from 18th c.]
(biology, now, chiefly, botany) Any of various chambers in a tissue or organism having specific functions. [from 14th c.]
(biology) The basic unit of a living organism, consisting of a quantity of protoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane, which is able to synthesize proteins and replicate itself. [from 19th c.]
(communication) A short, fixed-length packet, as in asynchronous transfer mode. [from 20th c.]
pile cellule
(obsolete) Specifically, any of the supposed compartments of the brain, formerly thought to be the source of specific mental capacities, knowledge, or memories. [14th–19th c.]
A device which stores electrical power; used either singly or together in batteries; the basic unit of a battery. [from 19th c.]
(entomology) An area of an insect wing bounded by veins.
cellule pile
A small group of people forming part of a larger organization, often an outlawed one. [from 20th c.]

cell membrane cell membranes n
membrane plasmique membrane cellulaire
(cytology) The semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.

cell theory n
théorie cellulaire
(biology) The scientific theory that all living organisms are made of cells as the smallest functional unit.

cell wall /sɛl wɑːl/ /sɛl wɔːl/ cell walls n
paroi cellulaire
(cytology) A thick, fairly rigid, layer formed around individual cells of bacteria, Archaea, fungi, plants, and algae (but not animals and other protists which generally have cell membranes without cell walls). The cell wall is external to the cell membrane and serves a structural function helping the cell maintain its shape and protecting the cell from damage.

cellar /ˈsɛlə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛlɚ/ cellars n
cave
An enclosed underground space, often under a building, used for storage or shelter.
A wine collection, especially when stored in a cellar.

cellar door cellar doors n
cave
Part of a winery from which wine may be sampled or purchased.

cellist /ˈt͡ʃɛlɪst/ cellists n
violoncelliste
Someone who plays the cello.

cellmate cellmates n
compagnon de cellule
A person with whom one shares a prison cell.

cello /ˈtʃɛləʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɛloʊ/ celli cellos n
violoncelle
A large unfretted stringed instrument of the violin family with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) C-G-D-A and an endpin to support its weight, usually played with a bow.

cellophane /ˈsɛləfeɪn/ cellophanes n
cellophane
Any of a variety of transparent plastic films, especially one made of processed cellulose.

cellophane noodle cellophane noodles n
dangmyeon
A transparent Asian noodle made from starch (such as mung bean starch, sweet potato or yam starch, potato starch, cassava starch, or canna starch) and water.

cellular /ˈsɛl.ju.lɚ/ /ˈsɛl.jə.lɚ/ more cellular most cellular adj
cellulaire celluleux
Of, relating to, consisting of, or resembling a cell or cells.

cellular automaton cellular automata cellular automatons n
automate cellulaire
(computing theory) An automaton consisting of cells arranged in a regular grid, in one or more dimensions. Each application of an associated rule creates a new generation, where the cells have a new configuration of values.

cellular shade /ˈsɛl.jə.lɚ ˌʃeɪd/ cellular shades n
store alvéolaire store alvéolé
A type of blind or shade with fabric in an accordion pleat, exhibiting a honeycomb structure when viewed from the side.

cellularly adv
cellulairement

cellulite cellulites n
cellulite
The dimpled appearance of skin caused by the protrusion of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

celluloid /ˈsɛljəˌlɔɪd/ celluloids n
celluloïd
Any of a variety of thermoplastics created from nitrocellulose and camphor, once used as photographic film.
cinéma du
(figuratively, often used attributively) The genre of cinema; film.

cellulose /ˈsɛljʊləʊz/ celluloses n
cellulose
A complex carbohydrate that forms the main constituent of the cell wall in most plants and is important in the manufacture of numerous products, such as paper, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and explosives.

celtuce /ˈsɛlt.əs/ celtuces n
lattuga asparago
A cultivar of lettuce harvested primarily for its 15- to 20-centimeter stem.

cement /səˈmɛnt/ /ˈsi.mɛnt/ cements n
ciment
(uncountable) The paste-like substance resulting from mixing such a powder with water, or the rock-like substance that forms when it dries.
adhésif colle
(uncountable) Any material with strong adhesive and cohesive properties such as binding agents, glues, grout.

cement /səˈmɛnt/ /ˈsi.mɛnt/ v
cimenter
(transitive) To affix with cement.
(figuratively) To make permanent.

cement mixer cement mixers n
bétonneuse bétonnière
A device used in construction in which cement, aggregate and water are slowly mixed together in a revolving drum to form concrete.

cement works cement works n
cimenterie
(manufacturing) A factory where building cement (for concrete) is manufactured.

cementer cementers n
cimentier
A person who applies cement.

cementum n
cément
(anatomy, dentistry) A bony substance that covers the root of a tooth; cement.

cemeterial adj
cémétérial

cendrée n
cendrée
(tincture, rare) Grey, ashen; the blazoning term for grey.

cenesthopathic adj
cénestopathique
(psychiatry) Of, relating to, or characterised by cenesthopathy.

cenesthopathy /ˌsiːnəsˈθɒpəθi/ cenesthopathies n
cénesthopathie cénestopathie
(psychiatry) Disordered cenesthesia; a psychopathological symptom characterised by generalised abnormal sensations in the body.

cenobite /ˈsiː.nəˌbaɪt/ /ˈsɛn.əˌbaɪt/ cenobites n
cénobite
A monk who lives in a religious community, rather than in solitude.

cenotaph /ˈsɛn.ə.tæf/ /ˈsɛn.ə.tɑːf/ cenotaphs n
cénotaphe
A monument, generally in the form of an empty tomb, erected to honour the dead whose bodies lie elsewhere, especially members of the armed forces who died in battle.

cenote /səˈnoʊtiː/ /sɛˈnoʊteɪ/ cenotes n
cénote
A deep natural well or sinkhole, especially in Central America, formed by the collapse of surface limestone that exposes ground water underneath, and sometimes used by the ancient Mayans for sacrificial offerings.

cense /sɛns/ v
encenser
To perfume with incense.

censer /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ censers n
encensoir
An ornamental container for burning incense, especially during religious ceremonies.

censor /ˈsɛnsə/ /ˈsɛnsɚ/ censors n
censeur
(Ancient Rome, historical) One of the two magistrates who originally administered the census of citizens, and by Classical times (between the 8th century B.C.E. and the 6th century C.E.) was a high judge of public behaviour and morality.
censeur censeure censeuse
An official responsible for the removal or suppression of objectionable material (for example, if obscene or likely to incite violence) or sensitive content in books, films, correspondence, and other media.
(education) A college or university official whose duties vary depending on the institution.

censor /ˈsɛnsə/ /ˈsɛnsɚ/ v
censurer caviarder
(transitive) To review for, and if necessary to remove or suppress, content from books, films, correspondence, and other media which is regarded as objectionable (for example, obscene, likely to incite violence, or sensitive).

censorial /ˌsɛnˈsɔɹi.əl/ more censorial most censorial adj
censorial
Relating to a censor.

censorship /ˈsɛnsəʃɪp/ /ˈsɛnsɚʃɪp/ censorships n
censure
The use of state or group power to control freedom of expression or press, such as passing laws to prevent media from being published or propagated.

censorware n
logiciel de censure
(computing) Software or hardware used to filter content on the Internet or block Internet access or restrict the running of applications or computer usage, on the basis of content being regarded as objectionable.

censure /ˈsen.ʃə/ /ˈsɛn.ʃ(j)ʊə/ /ˈsɛn.ʃə/ /ˈsɛn.ʃɚ/ /ˈsɛns.jʊə/ v
censurer décrier

census /ˈsɛnsəs/ census censuses censusses n
recensement recensement de la population
An official count or enumeration of members of a population (not necessarily human), usually residents or citizens in a particular region, often done at regular intervals.

cent /sɛnt/ cent cents n
centime cent
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the main unit of currency in many countries. Symbol: ¢.
(money) A subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the euro.
(nuclear physics) A unit of reactivity equal to one hundredth of a dollar.
(pièce d'un) cent (pièce d'un) centime cenne noire
(money) A coin having face value of one cent (in either of the above senses).

centaur /ˈsɛntɑɹ/ /ˈsɛntɔː(ɹ)/ centaurs n
centaure
(Greek mythology) A mythical beast having a horse's body with a man's head and torso in place of the head and neck of the horse.
Centaure
(astronomy, also, capitalised) An icy planetoid that orbits the Sun between Jupiter and Neptune.

centaury /ˈsɛntɔɹi/ /ˈsɛntɔːɹɪ/ /ˈsɛntəɹɪ/ centauries n
centaurée
Centaurea, a genus in the Asteraceae containing species sometimes called centaury

centenarian /ˌsɛntəˈnɛriən/ /ˌsɛntəˈnɛːrɪən/ /ˌsɛnəˈnɛriən/ centenarians n
centenaire
One who or that which is at least 100 years old.

centenary /sənˈtiːn(ə)ri/ /sənˈtɛn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtiːn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtɛn(ə)ri/ /sɛnˈtɛnəri/ /ˈsɛntəˌnɛri/ adj
centenaire
(historical, obsolete) Of or relating to hundreds, the administrative unit.
Of or related to the number one hundred, particularly [c. 1451]

centennial /sɛnˈtɛnɪəl/ centennials n
centenaire
The hundredth anniversary of an event or happening.

center /ˈsɛn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛn.tɚ/ [ˈsɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈsɪɾ̃ɚ] adj
central
Of, at, or related to a center.

center /ˈsɛn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛn.tɚ/ [ˈsɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈsɪɾ̃ɚ] centers n
centre centre de masse sujet
(geometry) The point in the interior of any figure of any number of dimensions that has as its coordinates the arithmetic mean of the coordinates of all points on the perimeter of the figure (or of all points in the interior for a center of volume).
centre foyer
A place, especially a building or complex, set aside for some specified function or activity.
centre
The venue in which the head of government in a centralized state is situated.
(AU, NZ) The ring in the gambling game two-up in which the spinner operates.
pivot
(basketball) The player, generally the tallest, who plays closest to the basket.
centre milieu
(engineering) A conical recess or indentation in the end of a shaft or other work, to receive the point of a center, on which the work can turn, as in a lathe.

center /ˈsɛn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɛn.tɚ/ [ˈsɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈsɪɾ̃ɚ] v
centrer
(transitive) To cause (an object) to occupy the center of an area.

center of gravity /ˌsɛn.təɹ əv ˈɡɹæv.ə.ti/ centers of gravity n
centre de gravité
(physics) A point, near or within a body, through which its weight can be assumed to act when considering forces on the body and its motion under gravity. This coincides with the center of mass in a uniform gravitational field.

centerfold /ˈsɛntəfəʊld/ /ˈsɛntɚfoʊld/ centerfolds n
pin-up
The person appearing in such a photograph.
(by extension) Any very sexually attractive person, who is therefore material for such a photograph.

centering centerings n
cintrage
(countable) A type of formwork which serves as a temporary structure during the construction of arches and bridges.
centrage
(mostly, uncountable) The process of moving something to a centre, normally before some other process.

centerpunch centerpunches n
pointeau
The indentation left by such a tool.

centi- prefix
centi-
hundred
(specifically) In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-2. Symbol: c
one-hundredth

centiampere centiamperes n
centiampère
(metrology) An SI unit of electric current equal to 10−2 amperes. Symbol: cA

centilitre centilitres n
centilitre
(British spelling) A unit of volume or capacity of one hundredth of a litre. Symbol: cl

centime centimes n
centime
(historical) A former subunit of currency equal to one-hundredth of the franc.
centime pièce d'un centime
A coin having face value of one centime.

centimetre /ˈsɑ̃.-/ /ˈsɒn.-/ /ˈsɛn.tɪ.miː.tə/ centimetres n
centimètre
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−2 metres. Symbol: cm

centipede /ˈsɛn.tɪ.pid/ centipedes n
scolopendre mille-pattes
Any arthropod of class Chilopoda, which have a segmented body with one pair of legs per segment and from about 20 to 300 legs in total.

centisecond centiseconds n
centiseconde
A unit of time equal to 0.01 seconds and with symbol cs.

central /ˈsɛntɹəl/ more central most central adj
central
Being in the centre.
Having or containing the centre of something.
Being very important, or key to something.

central bank central banks n
banque centrale
(banking) The principal monetary authority of a polity or monetary union; it normally regulates the supply of money, issues currency and controls interest rates. It usually oversees banking activity within its country's borders.

central business district central business districts n
centre-ville quartier d'affaires
The central area of a city in which there is a concentration of certain retail and business activities, especially in older cities with rail transportation.

central committee central committees n
comité central
(communism) A standing administrative body of communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states.

central government central governments n
administration centrale
The highest level of government in a unitary state.

central heating n
chauffage central
Any of various heating systems in which a central source of heat is used to distribute heat (and sometimes hot water) throughout a building in a controlled manner.

central limit theorem central limit theorems n
théorème central limite
(statistics, and, mathematics, singulare tantum) The theorem that states that if the sum of independent identically distributed random variables has a finite variance, then it will be approximately normally distributed.

central nervous system central nervous systems n
système nerveux central
(neuroanatomy) In vertebrates, that part of the nervous system comprising the brain, brainstem and spinal cord.

central processing unit central processing units n
processeur central unité centrale unité centrale de traitement
(computer hardware) The part of a computer that fetches, decodes and executes instructions; attached directly to the memory.

central tendency central tendencies n
tendance centrale

centralism centralisms n
centralisme
A system that centralizes, especially an administration of some kind.

centrality /senˈtɹæl.ə.ti/ /sɛnˈtɹæl.ə.ti/ /sɛnˈtɹæl.ɪ.ti/ [senˈtɹæl.ə.ɾi] [sɛnˈtɹæl.ə.ɾi] centralities n
centralité

centralization /ˌsɛntɹəlˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌsɛntɹəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ centralizations n
centralisation
The act or process of centralizing, or the state of being centralized; the act or process of combining or reducing several parts into a whole

centralize v
centraliser
To move things physically towards the centre; to consolidate or concentrate
To move power to a single, central authority

centre circle centre circles n
rond central
(soccer) The circle in the centre of the pitch which, at kick-off, the defending team may not enter until the attacking side has touched the ball.

centre forward centre forwards n
avant-centre attaquant de pointe
(British spelling, football) The most central of the strikers; traditionally the player who makes the kick-off.

centre of mass centres of mass n
centre de masse
(mathematics, physics) A point, near, or within a body at which the object's mass can be assumed to be concentrated; it coincides with the centroid for a body of uniform density, and with the centre of gravity in a uniform gravitational field.

centreboard centreboards n
dérive
(British spelling, nautical) The adjustable keel on a small yacht or dinghy that acts, among other things, as ballast and to counteract the sideways force of the wind.

centric /ˈsɛntɹɪk/ more centric most centric adj
centrique
Being in the centre; central.

centrifugal /sɛntɹɪˈfjuːɡl̩/ /sɛnˈtɹɪf(j)əɡl̩/ /sɛnˈtɹɪfjʊɡl̩/ adj
centrifuge
Tending, or causing, to recede from the center.

centrifugal force centrifugal forces n
force centrifuge
(physics) In circular motion, the 'reactive' centrifugal force is a real force applied by the accelerating body that is equal and opposite to the centripetal force that is acting on the accelerating body.
(erroneous) Centripetal force.

centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/ centrifuges n
centrifugeuse
By extension, any device which rotates in order to produce artificial gravity (in the form of centrifugal force)

centrifuge /ˈsɛntɹɪˌfjuːdʒ/ v
centrifuger
To rotate something in a centrifuge, typically in order to separate its constituents.

centriole /ˈsɛntɹɪˌəʊl/ centrioles n
centriole
(biology) A barrel-shaped microtubule structure found in most animal cells, important in the process of mitosis (nuclear division).

centripetal /sɛnˈtɹɪpətl̩/ /ˌsɛntɹɪˈpiːtl̩/ adj
centripète
Directed or moving towards a centre.

centripetal force centripetal forces n
force centripète
(physics) The force on a rotating or orbiting body in the direction of the centre of rotation.

centrism centrisms n
centrisme
Any moderate political philosophy that avoids extremes.

centrist /ˈsen.tɹɪst/ /ˈsɛn.tɹɪst/ more centrist most centrist adj
centriste
Of, pertaining to, or advocating centrism.

centrist /ˈsen.tɹɪst/ /ˈsɛn.tɹɪst/ centrists n
centriste
A person who advocates centrism.

centrobaric adj
centrobarique

centroid centroids n
centroïde
(statistics, cluster analysis, of a cluster of points) the arithmetic mean (alternatively, median) position of a cluster of points in a coordinate system based on some application-dependent measure of distance.

centrolecithal adj
centrolécithe

centromere /ˈsɛntɹə(ʊ)mɪə/ /ˈsɛntɹəˌmiɚ/ centromeres n
centromère
(genetics) The central region of a eukaryotic chromosome where the kinetochore is assembled.

centrosome centrosomes n
centrosome
(cytology) An organelle, near the nucleus in the cytoplasm of most organisms, that controls the organization of its microtubules

centurion /-ɔːɹ.i.ən/ /-ɚ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtjʊɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʃʊəɹ.i.ən/ /sɛnˈtʊɹ.i.ən/ centurions n
centurion
(historical) An officer of the ancient Roman army, in command of a century of soldiers.

century /ˈsɛn(t)ʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃɹi/ /ˈsɛnt͡ʃʊɹi/ centuries n
siècle centennie
A period of 100 consecutive years; often specifically a numbered period with conventional start and end dates, e.g., the twentieth century, which stretches from (strictly) 1901 through 2000, or (informally) 1900 through 1999. The first century AD was from 1 to 100.
centurie
A unit in ancient Roman army, originally of 100 army soldiers as part of a cohort, later of more varied sizes (but typically containing 60 to 70 or 80) soldiers or other men (guards, police, firemen), commanded by a centurion.
A political division of ancient Rome, meeting in the Centuriate Assembly.

century egg century eggs n
œuf de cent ans
A Chinese delicacy made by preserving a duck, chicken or quail egg in a mixture of clay, ash, salt, quicklime and rice hulls for several weeks to several months, depending on the method of processing.

cephalea n
céphalée
(pathology) headache

cephalic /sɪˈfælɪk/ /ˈsɛfəlɪk/ more cephalic most cephalic adj
céphalique
Of or relating to the cephalon (the head of a trilobite).

cephalon /ˈsɛfəlɒn/ /ˈsɛfələn/ cephalons n
céphalon
(zoology) The head of a trilobite.

cephalopod /ˈsɛfələpɑd/ /ˈsɛfələpɒd/ cephalopods n
céphalopode
Any mollusc of the class Cephalopoda, which includes squid, cuttlefish, octopus, nautiloids etc.

cephaloscopic adj
céphaloscopique

cephaloscopy n
céphaloscopie

cephalosporin /kɛfələʊˈspɔəɹɪn/ cephalosporins n
céphalosporine
Any of a class of natural and synthetic antibiotics developed from Acremonium fungi, having a cepham structure.

cephalothorax /ˌsɛfələˈθɑɹæks/ /ˌsɛfələˈθɔɹæks/ cephalothoraces cephalothoraxes n
céphalothorax
The fused head and thorax of spiders and crustaceans

cepstral adj
cepstral
Of or relating to cepstra or their analysis.

cepstrum /ˈkɛpstɹəm/ /ˈkɛpstɹʌm/ /ˈsɛpstɹəm/ /ˈsɛpstɹʌm/ cepstra n
cepstre
(signal processing) The inverse Fourier transform of the logarithm of a magnitude spectrum; used especially in voice analysis.

ceramic /səˈɹæmɪk/ adj
céramique
Made of material produced by the high-temperature firing of inorganic, nonmetallic rocks and minerals.

ceramic /səˈɹæmɪk/ ceramics n
céramique
(uncountable) A hard, brittle, inorganic, nonmetallic material, usually made from a material, such as clay, then firing it at a high tempature.

ceramics n
céramique
The art or science of making ceramic objects.
Ceramic objects as a group.

ceramide /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmaɪd/ /ˈsɪɹ.əˌmaɪd/ ceramides n
céramide
(biochemistry) Any of various lipids formed by linking a fatty acid to sphingosine and found widely but in small amounts in plant and animal tissue

cerate cerates n
cérate
(inorganic chemistry) The anion CeO32- of cerium.

cercus cerci n
cerque
(entomology) Structures on the end of the abdomen of most insects, sometimes long, hairlike sensory organs and sometimes smaller and rigid.

cereal /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əl/ [ˈsiːɹiəl] cereals n
céréale
(countable) A type of grass (such as wheat, rice or oats) cultivated for its edible grains.

cerebellar /ˌsɛ.ɹəˈbɛl.ə/ /ˌsɛɹ.əˈbɛl.ɚ/ adj
cérébelleux
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cerebellum.

cerebellum /ˌsɛ.ɹɪˈbɛl.əm/ /ˌsɛɹ.əˈbɛl.əm/ cerebella cerebellums n
cervelet
(neuroanatomy) Part of the hindbrain in vertebrates. In humans it lies between the brainstem and the back of the cerebrum and is formed of two lateral lobes and a median lobe. It plays an important role in sensory perception, motor output, balance and posture.

cerebral /səˈɹi.bɹəl/ /səˈɹiː.bɹl̩/ /səˈɹiː.bɹəl/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹl̩/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəl/ /ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəl/ more cerebral most cerebral adj
cérébral
(anatomy, relational) Of, or relating to the brain, cerebrum, or cerebral cortex.
Intellectual rather than emotional or physical.

cerebral cortex cerebral cortexes cerebral cortices n
cortex cérébral
(neuroanatomy) The grey, folded, outermost layer of the cerebrum that is responsible for higher brain processes such as sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.

cerebral palsy cerebral palsies n
infirmité motrice cérébrale paralysie cérébrale
(neurology, pathology) A group of non-progressive, non-contagious conditions, caused by brain damage before birth or during infancy, characterized by impairment of muscular coordination.

cerebralize v
cérébraliser
(transitive) To make a mental picture or map of.

cerebrospinal adj
cérébrospinal
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to brain or spine (particularly the spinal cord).

cerebrospinal fluid cerebrospinal fluids n
liquide cérébro-spinal
(neuroanatomy) A bodily fluid filling the third ventricle and surrounding the interthalamic adhesion.

cerebrovascular accident cerebrovascular accidents n
accident vasculaire cérébral
(medicine, formal, sometimes, euphemistic) Stroke (loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted).

cerebrum /səˈɹi.bɹəm/ /ˈsɛ.ɹɪb.ɹəm/ /ˈsɛɹ.əb.ɹəm/ cerebra cerebrums n
telencéphale
(neuroanatomy) The principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, which is located in the front area of the skull and divided into two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. In humans it is the largest part of the brain and is responsible for the integration of complex sensory functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity, and the higher mental functions such as consciousness, thought, reason, emotion, and memory.

ceremonial /ˌsɛɹɪˈmoʊniəl/ more ceremonial most ceremonial adj
cérémonial
Of, relating to, or used in a ceremony.

ceremonial /ˌsɛɹɪˈmoʊniəl/ ceremonials n
cérémonial
A ceremony, or series of ceremonies, prescribed by ritual.

ceremony /sɛɹˈɛ.mə.ni/ /ˈsɛɹ.əˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsɛɹ.ɪ.mə.ni/ ceremonies n
cérémonie
A ritual, with religious or cultural significance.
An official gathering to celebrate, commemorate, or otherwise mark some event.
(uncountable) A formal socially established behaviour, often in relation to people of different ranks; formality.

ceric adj
cérique
(chemistry) Containing cerium with valence four.

cerise /səˈɹiːs/ /səˈɹiːz/ cerises n
cerise
A deep, bright red colour tinted with pink.

cerite cerites n
cérite
(zoology) A horn-shaped cerithiid shell.

cerium /ˈsɪəɹiəm/ ceriums n
cérium
A chemical element (symbol Ce) with an atomic number of 58, a very soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

cerolein ceroleins n
céroléine

cerous adj
céreux
(chemistry) Containing cerium with valence three

certain /ˈsɜːtn̩/ /ˈsɝtn̩/ /ˈsɝtən/ /ˈsɝʔn̩/ certainer certainest more certain most certain adj
certain
Sure in one's mind, positive; absolutely confident in the truth of something.
certain quelconque
Particular and definite, but unspecified or unnamed; used to introduce someone or something without going into further detail.
(preceded by "a", of a person) Named but not previously mentioned.

certain /ˈsɜːtn̩/ /ˈsɝtn̩/ /ˈsɝtən/ /ˈsɝʔn̩/ determiner
certain
Having been determined but not specified.

certainly /ˈsɜːtn̩li/ /ˈsɝtn̩li/ more certainly most certainly adv
certainement
In a way which is certain; with certainty.
certainement sûrement sans aucun doute sans nul doute
Without doubt, surely.
certainement bien sûr pour sûr évidemment
An emphatic affirmative answer; of course.

certainty /ˈsɜːtn̩ti/ /ˈsɝtn̩ti/ certainties n
certitude
The state of being certain.

certificate /səˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /səˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /sɚˈtɪf.ɪˌkeɪt/ certificates n
certificat diplôme document
A document containing a certified statement.

certificate of authenticity certificates of authenticity n
certificat d'authenticité

certification /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌsɝtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ [ˌsɝɾɪfɪˈkeɪʃən] certifications n
certification homologation
The act of certifying.

certified public accountant certified public accountants n
expert-comptable

certify /ˈsɜː.tɪ.faɪ/ /ˈsɜː.tɪ.fɑɪ/ /ˈsɝ.tɪ.faɪ/ [ˈsɜː.ɾɪ.faɪ] [ˈsɝ.ɾɪ.faɪ] v
certifier
(transitive) To attest to (a fact) as the truth.

certitude /ˈsɜːtɪtjuːd/ /ˈsɝtət(j)ud/ certitudes n
certitude
(uncountable) Sureness, certainty.

cerulean /səˈɹuːli.ən/ more cerulean most cerulean adj
céruléen
Sky-blue.

cerulean /səˈɹuːli.ən/ ceruleans n
bleu céruléen
(countable, and, uncountable, color) A greenish-blue color.

cerussite cerussites n
cérusite
(mineral) A mineral form of lead carbonate, PbCO3, that is an ore of lead.

cervelliere /ˌsɛɹ.vəlˈjɛɚ/ cervellieres n
cervelière

cervical /sɜːˈvaɪ.kl̩/ /ˈsɜː.vɪk.l̩/ /ˈsɝ.vɪk.l̩/ adj
cervical
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the neck.
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the cervix.

cervical cancer cervical cancers n
cancer du col utérin cancer cervical cancer du col de l'utérus
(pathology, oncology) A type of cancer of the cervix of the uterus which can afflict some female mammals including humans. The term usually does not refer to cancer of the neck or other parts of the anatomy which use the term cervix.

cervical cap cervical caps n
cape cervicale
A small latex or silicone contraceptive device that fits over the cervix and stays in place either by suction or by surface viscosity.

cervical smear cervical smears n
frottis
(chiefly, gynaecology) A screening test to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample (‘smear’) of cells from the cervix.

cervical vertebra cervical vertebrae cervical vertebras n
vertèbre cervicale
(anatomy) Any of the seven vertebrae of the neck.

cervicitis cervicites cervicitides n
cervicite
(pathology) Inflammation of the cervix.

cervid cervids n
cervidé

cervix /ˈsɜː.vɪks/ /ˈsɝ.vɪks/ cervices cervixes n
col de l'utérus
(now, specifically) The cervix uteri, or lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina.

cessation /sɛˈseɪʃən/ cessations n
cessation
(formal) A ceasing or discontinuance, for example of an action, whether temporary or final.

cessationism n
cessationisme cessationnisme
(theology) The concept, amongst most Christians, that the works of the Holy Spirit (speaking in tongues, prophecy, healing, and miracles) ceased at some point in history.

cesspit /ˈsɛspɪt/ cesspits n
fosse septique
A cesspool; a pit or covered cistern used to collect sewage and waste water.

cesspool /ˈsɛsˌpuːl/ cesspools n
fosse fosse d’aisance
An underground pit where sewage is held.
fosse cloaque fosse d’aisance porcherie
(by extension) A filthy place.

cetacean /sɪˈteɪʃən/ cetaceans n
cétacé
An animal belonging to the order Cetacea, including dolphins, porpoises, and whales.

cetane cetanes n
cétane hexadécane
The aliphatic hydrocarbon C16H34 (hexadecane) used as a standard for diesel fuel.

cetane number cetane numbers n
indice de cétane
A performance rating of diesel fuel corresponding to the percentage of cetane in a mixture with isocetane (or, formerly, methylnaphthalene) that would have the same performance.

cetirizine /sɛˈtɪɹ.ɪˌzin/ n
cétirizine
(pharmaceutical drug) A major metabolite of hydroxyzine, an antihistamine used in the treatment of allergies, hay fever, angioedema, and urticaria.

cetology cetologies n
cétologie
The branch of zoology concerned with the order Cetacea, which includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises.

ceviche /səˈviːt͡ʃeɪ/ ceviches n
ceviche
(cooking) Raw seafood cured by marination in an acidic medium such as citrus, vinegar, or other souring agent, found primarily in Latin America.

cf. /kəmˈpɛɚ ˌwɪθ/ /siːˈɛf/ v
cf.
Compare, compare to, compare with.

cha-cha cha-chas n
Cha-cha-chá
(dance) A ballroom dance to a Latin American rhythm.

chador chadors n
chador tchador
A loose robe, made from a single cloth, worn as a combination head covering, veil and shawl by Muslim women, especially in Iran.

chaebol /ˈt͡ʃeɪbʌl/ chaebols n
chaebol
(business, sometimes, pejorative) A large, family-controlled Korean business conglomerate.

chafe /t͡ʃeɪf/ n
chauffer en frictionnant
Heat excited by friction.
abrasion inflammation
Injury or wear caused by friction.
colère énervement
Vexation; irritation of mind; rage.

chafe /t͡ʃeɪf/ v
irriter vexer
(intransitive) To have a feeling of vexation; to be vexed; to fret; to be irritated.

chaff /t͡ʃæf/ /t͡ʃɑːf/ chaffs n
balle bale
The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant.

chaffinch /ˈt͡ʃæfɪnt͡ʃ/ chaffinches n
pinson des arbres pinson
A small passerine bird, Fringilla coelebs, of the finch family, found throughout Europe and eastward to Iran and eastern Mediterranean coastlands.

chagrin /ʃəˈɡɹɪn/ /ˈʃæɡ.ɹɪn/ chagrins n
chagrin
Distress of mind caused by a failure of aims or plans, want of appreciation, mistakes etc; vexation or mortification.

chain /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/ chains n
chaîne
A series of interconnected rings or links usually made of metal.
A series of stores or businesses with the same brand name.
(chemistry) A number of atoms in a series, which combine to form a molecule.
(mathematics, set theory, order theory) A totally ordered set, especially a totally ordered subset of a poset.

chain /ˈt͡ʃeɪn/ v
enchaîner
(transitive) To fasten something with a chain.
(intransitive) To link multiple items together.
chaîner
(computing) To be chained to another data item.

chain drive chain drives n
transmission par chaîne
A transmission system in which power is transferred to the wheels (for example), by means of a chain.

chain mail chain mails n
cotte de mailles
A flexible defensive armor, made of a mesh of interlinked metal rings.

chain of command chains of command n
chaîne de commandement
(military) The command hierarchy or structure in which one rank obeys the one above it, which obeys the one above it, and so forth.

chain reaction chain reactions n
réaction en chaîne
(chemistry) A chemical reaction where the products of the reaction influence the reactants of a following reaction, leading to positive feedback.
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which particles produced by the fission of one atom trigger fissions of other atoms.
(figurative) A series of events, each one causing or influencing the next.

chain rule n
règle de la chaîne
(calculus) A formula for computing the derivative of the functional composition of two or more functions.

chain shot chain shots n
boulet chaîné
(historical, military, nautical) A projectile consisting of two cannon balls or half balls linked by a chain, fired from cannons mostly to attack spars and rigging.

chain smoker chain smokers n
fumeur à la chaîne
One who smokes continuously, by lighting one cigarette when they finish another, as in a chain.
gros fumeur
One who habitually smokes a lot.

chain store chain stores n
chaîne de magasins
A retail outlet that is one of a group of similar establishments having common format, contents, ownership and management.

chain-smoke v
fumer à la chaîne
(intransitive) To smoke tobacco cigarettes frequently.

chainring /ˈt͡ʃeɪnɹɪŋ/ chainrings n
plateau
The large forward ring on a bicycle that a chain attaches to, in order to transfer energy to a wheel. It consists of one or more sprockets that are driven by the cranks and pedals of the bicycle.

chainsaw /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɑ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɔ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.ˌsɔː/ chainsaws n
tronçonneuse scie à chaîne
(forestry, machinery, DIY) A power saw that has a power-driven and fast-revolving chain of metal teeth, usually used to cut trees.

chair /t͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɛɚ/ /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ chairs n
chaise fauteuil
An item of furniture used to sit on or in, comprising a seat, legs or wheels, back, and sometimes arm rests, for use by one person. Compare stool, couch, sofa, settee, loveseat and bench.
chaire
(education) A distinguished professorship at a university.

chair /t͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɛɚ/ /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ v
présider
(transitive) To act as chairperson at; to preside over.

chair umpire chair umpires n
arbitre de chaise

chairlift chairlifts n
télésiège
A continuously moving series of open seats, slung from overhead cables, used to transport people (especially skiers) up the sides of mountains.

chairman /ˈtʃɛɹ.mən/ /ˈtʃɛːmən/ chairmen n
président secrétaire général
A person presiding over a meeting.

chairmanship chairmanships n
présidence
The office, or the term, of a chairman.

chairperson chairpeople chairpersons n
président présidente secrétaire général secrétaire générale
A chairman or chairwoman, someone who presides over a meeting, board, etc.

chairwoman chairwomen n
présidente secrétaire générale
A female chairperson

chaise longue /ˌʃeɪz ˈlɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˌʃeɪz ˈlɔŋ/ chaise longues chaises longues n
chaise longue
(chiefly, _, UK) A reclining chair with a long seat, which can support the outstretched legs of a sitter normally with one armrest.

chakra /ˈtʃæ.kɹə/ /ˈtʃʌ.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃæ.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑː.kɹə/ /ˈt͡ʃʌ.kɹə/ chakras n
chakra tchakra
(Hinduism, Ayurveda) Any of (at least) seven centres of spiritual energy in or near the body, according to Ayurveda philosophy.

chalaza /kəˈleɪzə/ chalazae chalazas n
chalaze
(zoology) One of the two spiral bands which attach the yolk of an egg to the eggshell, suspending it in the white.

chalcanthite /kælˈkæn.θaɪt/ [kæwˈkæn.θɒ͡ɪʔ] [kʰæɫ(l)ˈkʰæn.θʌɪt̚] [kʰæɫˈkʰɛ͡ən.θʌɪt̚] [~ˈkʰe͡ən~] [~θɒ͡ɪt̚] chalcanthites n
chalcantite
(mineral) A mineral form of copper sulfate, CuSO4.

chalcedony /kælˈsɛd.ə.ni/ /ˈkæl.səˌdoʊ.ni/ chalcedonies n
calcédoine
A form of fine-grained quartz that is nearly transparent or has a milky translucence; it fractures conchoidally.

chalcocyanite n
chalcocyanite

chalcogen chalcogens n
chalcogène
(inorganic chemistry) Any element of group 16 of the periodic table: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium or polonium.

chalet /ʃæleɪ/ chalets n
chalet
An alpine style of wooden building with a sloping roof and overhanging eaves. [from late 18th c.]

chalice /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪs/ chalices n
calice
A large drinking cup, often having a stem and base and used especially for formal occasions and religious ceremonies.

chalk /t͡ʃɑk/ /t͡ʃɔk/ /t͡ʃɔːk/ chalks n
craie
(uncountable) A soft, white, powdery limestone (calcium carbonate, CaCO3).
(countable) A piece of chalk, or nowadays processed compressed gypsum (calcium sulfate, CaSO4), that is used for drawing and for writing on a blackboard (chalkboard).
magnésie
(uncountable, climbing, gymnastics) A white powdery substance used to prevent hands slipping from holds when climbing, or losing grip in weight-lifting or gymnastics, sometimes but not always limestone-chalk, often magnesium carbonate (MgCO3).

chalk and cheese n
le jour et la nuit
(British, NZ, idiomatic) Said of things that are very different, though possibly superficially alike.

chalk up v
décrocher engranger enregistrer multiplier remporter totaliser
(transitive) To achieve something.

chalk up to v
attribuer la responsabilité attribuer le mérite mettre sur le compte
(transitive, idiomatic) To attribute or account for something; to ascribe.

chalkboard /t͡ʃɔk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ /t͡ʃɔːk.bɔː(ɹ)d/ chalkboards n
tableau noir ardoise
A slate or enamel board for writing on with chalk; a predecessor to a whiteboard.

challah /ˈhɑːlə/ /ˈhʌlə/ challahs challos challot challoth n
hallah challah
(countable) A traditional bread eaten by Ashkenazi Jews, usually braided for the Sabbath and round for a yom tov.

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ challenges n
défi épreuve chalenge
A difficult task, especially one that the person making the attempt finds more enjoyable because of that difficulty.
défi challenge chalenge
(legal, rare) A judge's interest in the result of a case, constituting grounds for them to not be allowed to sit the case (e.g., a conflict of interest).

challenge /ˈt͡ʃæl.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃæl.ɪnd͡ʒ/ v
défier challenger
(transitive) To invite (someone) to take part in a competition.
défier
(transitive) To dare (someone).
(Canada, US, transitive) To take (a final exam) in order to get credit for a course without taking it.

challenger challengers n
challengeur concurrent
One who challenges; especially, one who plays against the current champion of a game or contest in hopes of winning and becoming the new champion.

challenging /ˈt͡ʃælənd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˈt͡ʃælɪnd͡ʒɪŋ/ more challenging most challenging adj
difficile stimulant éprouvant
Difficult, hard to do.

chalumeau /ˌʃælʊˈməʊ/ chalumeaus chalumeaux n
chalumeau
(musical instruments) A woodwind instrument which was the predecessor of the clarinet.

chamber /ˈtʃeɪmbə(ɹ)/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbɚ/ chambers n
chambre pièce
A room or set of rooms, particularly:
chambre
(figuratively) The legislature or division of the legislature itself.
(firearms) The area holding the ammunition round at the initiation of its discharge.
(firearms) One of the bullet-holding compartments in the cylinder of a revolver.
chambre salle
Any enclosed space occupying or similar to a room.

chamber music n
musique de chambre
(music) A genre of classical music written for a small group of instruments

chamber of commerce chambers of commerce n
chambre de commerce
(business) An association of businesses to promote their interests in a community.

chamber orchestra chamber orchestras n
orchestre de chambre
An orchestra of modest size, to play chamber music, yet larger than the various chamber ensembles named after their number of instruments (from duo to nonet)

chamber pot chamber pots n
pot de chambre
A container used for urination and defecation, particularly those used in early modern towns before the advent of the flush toilet.

chamberlain /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbəlɪn/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪmbɚlɪn/ chamberlains n
chambellan
A senior royal official in charge of superintending the arrangement of domestic affairs and often charged with receiving and paying out money kept in the royal chamber, especially in the United Kingdom and in Denmark.

chambermaid /ˈt͡ʃeɪm.bə(ɹ).meɪd/ chambermaids n
femme de chambre
A maid who handles the chores in a bedroom.

chamberstick chambersticks n
bougeoir
A short candlestick with a pan at the base to catch dripping wax.

chameleon /kəˈmi.li.ən/ /kəˈmil.jən/ chameleons n
caméléon
A small to mid-size reptile, of the family Chamaeleonidae, and one of the best known lizard families able to change color and project its long tongue.
(figuratively) A person with inconstant behavior; one able to quickly adjust to new circumstances.

chamfer /ˈt͡ʃæm.fɚ/ /ˈʃæm.fə/ chamfers n
chanfrein champfrain
An obtuse-angled relief or cut at an edge added for a finished appearance and to break sharp edges.

chamfer /ˈt͡ʃæm.fɚ/ /ˈʃæm.fə/ v
chanfreiner
(transitive) To cut off the edge or corner of something.

chamfron /ˈtʃæm.frən/ /ˈt͡ʃam.fɹən/ chamfrons n
chanfrein
Protective armor for a horse's head, especially the face and ears.

chamois /ˈʃæmi/ /ˈʃæmiz/ /ˈʃæmwɑː/ /ˈʃæmwɑːz/ chamois chamoises n
chamois isard
A short-horned goat antelope native to mountainous terrain in southern Europe; Rupicapra rupicapra.
chamois
The traditional colour of chamois leather.
An absorbent cloth used for cleaning and polishing, formerly made of chamois leather.

champ at the bit v
prendre le mors aux dents
(intransitive, horses) To bite the bit, especially when restless.
ronger son frein se ronger les ongles
(intransitive, idiomatic, of a person) To show impatience or frustration when delayed.

champagne /ʃæmˈpeɪn/ champagnes n
champagne
(countable, uncountable) A sparkling white wine made from a blend of grapes, especially Chardonnay and pinot, produced in Champagne, France, by the méthode champenoise.
(countable) A very pale brownish-gold colour, similar to that of champagne.

champagne bucket champagne buckets n
seau à Champagne
A bowl or bucket designed for holding ice cubes or crushed ice that is used to chill a bottle of champagne.

champansky /ʃæmˈpænski/ n
champansky
(humorous, informal) Imitation champagne, chiefly Russian in origin.

champignon /t͡ʃæmˈpɪnjən/ /ʃæmˈpɪnjən/ champignons n
champignon de Paris
Agaricus bisporus, a species of mushroom commonly used in cooking.

champion /ˈt͡ʃæmpiən/ /ˈt͡ʃæmpjən/ champions n
champion championne
Someone who is chosen to represent a group of people in a contest.

champion /ˈt͡ʃæmpiən/ /ˈt͡ʃæmpjən/ v
championner
(transitive) To promote, advocate, or act as a champion for (a cause, etc.).

championship /ˈt͡ʃæmpi.ənʃɪp/ championships n
championnat
(sports) A competition to determine a champion, especially the final of a series of competitions.
champion championne
The position of champion, or winner.

chance /t͡ʃæns/ /t͡ʃɑːns/ [t͡ʃɑːns] [t͡ʃʰans] [t͡ʃʰeəns] [t͡ʃʰäːns] [t͡ʃʰæns] [t͡ʃʰæːns] [t͡ʃʰɐːns] [t͡ʃʰɑːns] [t͡ʃʰɛəns] chances n
chance
(countable) An opportunity or possibility.
raccroc
(uncountable) Random occurrence; luck.
chance risque
(countable) The probability of something happening.

chancel /ˈtʃɑːnsəl/ /ˈt͡ʃænsəl/ chancels n
chancel clôture de chœur
The space around the altar in a church, often enclosed, for use by the clergy and the choir. In medieval cathedrals the chancel was usually enclosed or blocked off from the nave by an altar screen.

chancellery /-slə.ɹi/ /-səl.ɹi/ /ˈtʃɑːn.sə.lə.ɹi/ /ˈt͡ʃænt.slə.ɹi/ chancelleries n
chancellerie
The office or staff of a chancellor
The building in which such an office is situated

chancellor /-lɚ/ /ˈtʃɑːnslə/ /ˈtʃɑːnsələ/ /ˈt͡ʃænslɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃænsələ/ chancellors n
chancelier chancelière
A senior secretary or official with administrative or legal duties, sometimes in charge of some area of government such as finance or justice.
The head of the government in some German-speaking countries.
contremaître de jury
(Christianity) A senior record keeper of a cathedral; a senior legal officer for a bishop or diocese in charge of hearing cases involving ecclesiastical law.

chancellorship chancellorships n
cancellariat
The status of being a chancellor.

chances are adv
il est probable que
(idiomatic) It is likely that, it is probable that

chancy chancier chanciest adj
hasardeux
Uncertain; risky; hazardous.
aléatoire
Subject to chance; random.

chandelier /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌʃæn.dəˈlɪɚ/ chandeliers n
lustre
A branched, often ornate, lighting fixture suspended from the ceiling

chandler /ˈt͡ʃændlɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑːndlɚ/ chandlers n
chandelier
A person who makes or sells candles.

change /t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ changes n
changement modification mutation évolution
(countable, uncountable) The process of becoming different.
monnaie
(uncountable) Small denominations of money given in exchange for a larger denomination.
(uncountable) Balance of money returned from the sum paid after deducting the price of a purchase.

change /t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
changer se transformer muter
(intransitive) To become something different.
changer transformer modifier
(transitive, ergative) To make something into something else.
remplacer changer
(transitive) To replace.
changer remplacer
(intransitive) To replace one's clothing.
changer
(transitive) To replace the clothing of (the one wearing it).
(intransitive) To transfer to another vehicle (train, bus, etc.)

change hands v
changer de main
(idiomatic) To become the property of someone else; to be bought or sold.

change horses in midstream v
changer de cheval au milieu du gué
(idiomatic) To change one's plan or approach when an effort is already underway or at another inopportune time.

change management n
accompagnement au changement
(computing) the controlled implementation of required changes to some system; includes version control and planned fallback

change of heart changes of heart n
revirement
(idiomatic) A change of one's opinion, belief or decision.

change of scenery changes of scenery n
changement de décor dépaysement

change one's mind v
changer d'avis raviser
(idiomatic) To decide differently than one had decided before.

change someone's mind v
changer d'avis
(idiomatic) To convince someone to make a choice or develop a preference differing from their previous one.

change tack v
virer de bord
(nautical) To change course or heading.
changer de stratégie changer de tactique
(figurative, by extension) To take a different approach.

change the game /ˈt͡ʃeɪn(d͡)ʒ ðə ˈɡeɪm/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ ðə ˈɡeɪm/ v
changer la donne
(transitive, idiomatic) To revolutionize a field of endeavor.

change the record v
changer de disque

change the subject v
changer de sujet
To talk about something else, especially to avoid issues that are too delicate or difficult.

changeable /ˈt͡ʃeɪn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more changeable most changeable adj
changeable
Capable of being changed.
(of a species) Capable of camouflaging itself by changing colour.
changeant
Subject to sudden or frequent changes.

changeably more changeably most changeably adv
variablement
In a changeable manner.

changeling /ˈtʃeɪn(d)ʒlɪŋ/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒlɪŋ/ changelings n
changelin changeling
(European folklore, also, figurative) In pre-modern European folklore: an infant of a magical creature that was secretly exchanged for a human infant. In British, Irish and Scandinavian mythology the exchanged infants were thought to be those of fairies, sprites or trolls; in other places, they were ascribed to demons, devils, or witches.

changeover changeovers n
changement commutation conversion passage transition transposition
A conversion or transition from one thing to another.

changing room changing rooms n
vestiaire
A room, especially in a gym, sports center, school, swimming pool, etc, designed for people to change their clothes.
cabine d'essayage
A room or enclosure, e.g. in a clothes shop, where people try on clothes they are interested in buying.

changing table /ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪŋ ˈteɪbəl/ changing tables n
table à langer
A small raised platform designed to allow a person to change an infant's diaper.

channel /ˈt͡ʃænəl/ channels n
chaîne chenal
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies, usually in conjunction with a predetermined letter, number, or codeword, and allocated by international agreement.
(broadcasting) A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

channel /ˈt͡ʃænəl/ v
canaliser
(transitive) To direct or guide along a desired course.

chanson /ʃɑ̃.sɔ̃/ chansons n
chanson chanson française
Any song with French words, but more specifically a classic, lyric-driven French song.

chansonnier chansonniers n
chansonnier
A book which contains a collection of chansons.
chansonnier chansonnière
A singer of chansons.

chant /t͡ʃænt/ /t͡ʃɑːnt/ v
chanter
To sing, especially without instruments, and as applied to monophonic and pre-modern music.

chantefable chantefables n
chantefable
A form of Medieval French literature with alternative spoken and sung passages.

chanter /ˈtʃɑːntə/ /ˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ chanters n
scandeur scandeuse
chalumeau
The pipe of a bagpipe on which the melody is played.

chanterelle /ʃɒntəˈɹɛl/ /ˈtʃæntəɹɛl/ chanterelles n
girolle chanterelle
(mushroom) A widely distributed edible mushroom, Cantharellus cibarius, being yellow and trumpet-shaped; or any similar mushroom of the genera Cantharellus, Polyozellus or Gomphus, not all of which are edible.

chantwell /ˈtʃæntwɛl/ /ˈtʃɑː-/ /ˈt͡ʃæntˌwɛl/ chantwells n
chantuelle
(chiefly, Trinidad and Tobago, music) A (generally female) lead singer of traditional cariso music, or of a calypso band. [from early 20th c.]

chaos /ˈkeɪ.ɑs/ /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/ chaoses n
chaos
The unordered state of matter in classical accounts of cosmogony.
(mathematics) A behaviour of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.

chaos theory n
théorie du chaos
(mathematics) The study of iterative non-linear systems in which arbitrarily small variations in initial conditions become magnified over time.

chaotic /keɪˈɑtɪk/ /keɪˈɒtɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more chaotic most chaotic adj
chaotique
filled with chaos.
Extremely disorganized or in disarray.

chaotically more chaotically most chaotically adv
chaotiquement
In a chaotic manner.

chap /t͡ʃæp/ chaps n
mec bougre quidam
(dated, outside, UK, and, Australia) A man, a fellow.

chap /t͡ʃæp/ v
crevasser
(transitive) To cause to open in slits or chinks; to split; to cause the skin of to crack or become rough.

chaparral /ˌt͡ʃæp.əˈɹæl/ /ˌʃæp.əˈɹæl/ /ˌʃæp.əˈɹɛl/ [ˌʃæp.ɚˈ(ɹ)æl] [ˌʃæp.ɚˈ(ɹ)ɛl] chaparrals n
maquis
(US) A region of shrubs, typically dry in the summer and rainy in the winter. The coast of the Mediterranean is such a region.

chapbook chapbooks n
livret de colportage
A small book, usually made from a single sheet, folded several times, containing poems, ballads or religious tracts

chapel /ˈt͡ʃæp.əl/ [ˈt͡ʃæp.əɫ] [ˈt͡ʃæp.ɫ̩] chapels n
chapelle
(especially, _, Christianity) A place of worship, smaller than or subordinate to a church.

chapel of ease chapels of ease n
succursale
A chapel built in a remote part of a parish to meet the needs of those who live far from the parish church.

chapelmaster chapelmasters n
maître de chapelle
A director of music in a chapel, the musical director of a court and/or major church's choir and/or orchestra; often also a composer.

chaperone /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/ /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/ chaperones n
chaperon
An older person who accompanies other younger people to ensure the propriety of their behaviour, often an older woman accompanying a young woman.

chaperone /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹoʊn/ /ˈʃæ.pəˌɹəʊn/ v
chaperonner
To act as a chaperone.

chaplain /ˈt͡ʃæp.lɪn/ chaplains n
chapelain aumônier
A member of a religious body who is (often, although not always, of the clergy) officially assigned to provide pastoral care at an institution, group, private chapel, etc.

chaplaincy /ˈtʃæp.lɪn.si/ chaplaincies n
aumônerie chapelaincerie
The role or position of a chaplain.
A building, for example on a university campus, catering to people's religious needs.

chaplet /ˈt͡ʃæplət/ /ˈt͡ʃæplɪt/ chaplets n
chapelet
(archaic) A string (of beads), especially when making up five decades of the rosary.
(Catholicism) A set of repetitive prayers, other than the Rosary, typically prayed with a string of beads.

chapped /t͡ʃæpt/ more chapped most chapped adj
gercé
(of skin) Dry and flaky due to excessive evaporation of water from its surface.

chaps /t͡ʃæps/ /ʃæps/ n
guêtres
Protective leather leggings attached at the waist.

chapter /ˈt͡ʃæptə/ /ˈt͡ʃæptɚ/ chapters n
chapitre section branche
A section of a work, a collection of works, or fragments of works, often manuscripts or transcriptions, created by scholars or advocates, not the original authors, to aid in finding portions of the texts.
chapitre
Certain ecclesiastical bodies (under canon law)
branche section
An administrative division of an organization, usually local to a specific area.

chapter house chapter houses n
salle capitulaire
A building attached to a cathedral, church, or monastery and used as a meeting place.

char /t͡ʃɑɹ/ /t͡ʃɑː/ [t͡ʃɑɹ] [t͡ʃɑ˞] chars n
omble
Any of the several species of fishes of the genus Salvelinus.
bonne femme de ménage
A charlady, a woman employed to do housework; cleaning lady.

char /t͡ʃaɹ/ /t͡ʃɑɹ/ /t͡ʃɑː/ [t͡ʃaɹ] [t͡ʃaː] [t͡ʃa˞] [t͡ʃɑɹ] [t͡ʃɑ˞] v
carboniser
(ergative) To burn something to charcoal.

charabanc /ˈʃæ.ɹə.bæŋ(k)/ charabancs n
char-à-bancs
(British, historical) A horse-drawn, and then later, motorized omnibus with open sides, and often, no roof.

character /ˈkæɹ(ə)ktɚ/ /ˈkæɹɪktə/ /ˈkɛɹ(ə)ktɚ/ characters n
personnage caractère
(countable) A being involved in the action of a story.
caractère
(countable) A distinguishing feature; characteristic; trait; phene.
(uncountable) Strength of mind; resolution; independence; individuality; moral strength.
(countable) A written or printed symbol, or letter.
(countable, mathematics) A complex number representing an element of a finite Abelian group.
personnage
(countable) A unique or extraordinary individual; a person characterized by peculiar or notable traits, especially charisma.
caractère personnage
(countable, computing) One of the basic elements making up a text file or string: a code representing a printing character or a control character.

character actor character actors n
acteur de genre
A supporting actor who specializes in playing eccentric or unusual roles.

character assassination character assassinations n
diffamation médisance
(idiomatic) A malicious discourse designed to damage the reputation of someone.

character class character classes n
classe de caractères
(RPG) One of a number of pre-determined groups into which characters in role-playing games are grouped, based on the focus of their skills.

character reference character references n
référence de caractère
A statement concerning the character of a person, typically for submission during a job application or court proceeding.

character set character sets n
jeu de caractères
(computing) A set of characters together with a character encoding.

characteristic /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ more characteristic most characteristic adj
caractéristique
Being a distinguishing feature of a person or thing.

characteristic /ˌkæɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəktəˈɹɪstɪk/ characteristics n
caractéristique
A distinguishing feature of a person or thing, a part of mental or physical behavior.

characteristic polynomial characteristic polynomials n
polynôme caractéristique
(linear algebra) The polynomial produced from a given square matrix by first subtracting the appropriate identity matrix multiplied by an indeterminant and then calculating the determinant.

characteristically more characteristically most characteristically adv
caractéristiquement typiquement
In a usual or expected way; in characteristic manner.

characterization characterizations n
caractérisation
The act or process of characterizing.

characterize /ˈkæɹəktəɹaɪz/ /ˈkɛɹəktəɹaɪz/ v
caractériser dépeindre
(transitive) To depict someone or something a particular way (often negative).
caractériser
(transitive) To determine the characteristics of.

charade /ʃəˈɹeɪd/ /ʃəˈɹɑːd/ charades n
charade
(uncommon) A single round of the game charades, an acted form of the earlier riddles.

charades n
mime
A game in which each player acts out a word or phrase, usually based on puns of each syllable and without speaking, for the others to guess.

charango /t͡ʃəˈɹæŋɡəʊ/ charangos n
charango
A small guitar-like stringed instrument with five courses of eighteen to fifteen strings, originating in traditional Andean folk music.

charcoal /ˈtʃɑː.kəʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹ.koʊl/ charcoals n
charbon de bois
(countable, uncountable) impure carbon obtained by destructive distillation of wood or other organic matter, that is, heating it in the absence of oxygen.
fusain
(countable) A stick of black carbon material used for drawing.
(countable) A drawing made with charcoal.

chard /t͡ʃɑɹd/ /t͡ʃɑːd/ chards n
blette poirée bette jotte
(uncountable, culinary) An edible leafy vegetable, Beta vulgaris subsp. cicla, with a slightly bitter taste.

charge /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/ charges n
frais
The amount of money levied for a service.
charge
(military) A ground attack against a prepared enemy.
(electromagnetism, chemistry) An electric charge.
A load or burden; cargo.
An instruction.
(firearms) A measured amount of powder and/or shot in a cartridge.
chef d’accusation chef d’inculpation
An accusation by a person or organization.
An accusation.
meuble
(heraldry) An image displayed on an escutcheon.

charge /t͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒ/ /t͡ʃɑːd͡ʒ/ v
charger
(transitive) To assign (a debit) to an account.
(transitive) To load equipment with material required for its use, as a firearm with powder, a fire hose with water, a chemical reactor with raw materials.
(transitive) To cause to take on an electric charge.
(intransitive) To move forward quickly and forcefully, particularly in combat and/or on horseback.
accuser charger
(law) To formally accuse (a person) of a crime.
charger créditer
To call to account; to challenge.
armer charger
(transitive) To replenish energy to (a battery, or a device containing a battery) by use of an electrical device plugged into a power outlet.
(transitive, of a, hunting dog) To lie on the belly and be still. (A command given by a hunter to a dog)
accuser armer charger s'élancer
(cricket, of a, batsman) To take a few steps down the pitch towards the bowler as they deliver the ball, either to disrupt the length of the delivery, or to get into a better position to hit the ball.

charge-coupled device charge-coupled devices n
dispositif à couplage de charge
A device for the movement of electrical charge, usually from within the device to an area where the charge can be manipulated, for example by conversion into a digital value.

charger /ˈtʃɑːdʒə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹd͡ʒɚ/ chargers n
chargeur
A device that charges or recharges.

chargino charginos n
chargino
(physics) A hypothetical supersymmetric particle.

chargé d'affaires /ʃɑrˈʒeɪ dəˈfɛɹ/ chargés d'affaires n
chargé d'affaires chargée d'affaires
(diplomacy) A diplomat, ranking below an ambassador, who heads a diplomatic mission when no ambassador is present, either temporarily (in the interim between the departure of one ambassador and the accreditation of another) or for an extended time.

chariot /ˈt͡ʃæɹiət/ /ˈt͡ʃæɹɪət/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹiət/ chariots n
char charriot
A two-wheeled horse-drawn cart, used in Bronze Age and Early Iron Age warfare.

charioteer charioteers n
aurige
A person who drives a chariot.

charism charismata charisms n
charisme
(Christianity, theology) A power or authority, generally of a spiritual nature, believed to be a freely given gift by the Grace of God.

charisma /kəˈɹɪzmə/ charismas charismata n
charisme
Personal charm or magnetism.

charismatic /ˌkæɹɪzˈmætɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/ more charismatic most charismatic adj
charismatique
Of, related to, or being a member of a form of Christianity that emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit.

charismatic /ˌkæɹɪzˈmætɪk/ /ˌkɛɹəzˈmætək/ charismatics n
charismatique
A member of the Charismatic Movement.

charismatic megafauna n
mégafaune charismatique
Large animals with broad popular appeal, especially as used by activists to focus public opinion on environmentalist goals.

charitable more charitable most charitable adj
caritatif
Pertaining to charity.

charitable organization charitable organizations n
association caritative
An organization with charitable purposes only.

charity /ˈtʃæɹɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃɛɹəti/ charities n
organisme de charité
(countable) An organization, the objective of which is to carry out a charitable purpose.
charité bienfaisance
(countable) The goods or money given to those in need.
(uncountable) Benevolence to others less fortunate than ourselves; the providing of goods or money to those in need.
(archaic, Christianity) Christian love; representing God's love of man, man's love of God, or man's love of his fellow-men.
charité
In general, an attitude of kindness and understanding towards others, now especially suggesting generosity.

charity begins at home proverb
charité bien ordonnée commence par soi-même
One should help the people closest to oneself before thinking of helping others.

charivari /ʃɑːɹɪˈvɑːɹi/ charivaris n
charivari
The noisy banging of pots and pans as a mock serenade to a newly married couple, or similar occasion.

charivaric more charivaric most charivaric adj
charivarique

charlatan /ˈʃɑɹlətən/ /ˈʃɑːlətən/ charlatans n
charlatan
A malicious trickster; a fake person, especially one who deceives for personal profit.

charlatanry charlatanries n
charlatanisme
(uncountable) The state of being a charlatan.

charley horse charley horses n
béquille jambe de bois
(idiomatic, US) A muscle cramp, usually in the thigh or leg.

charlock charlocks n
moutarde des champs sanve
Any of several yellow-flowered cruciferous weeds of grain fields, especially wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis).

charlotte /ˈʃɑɹlət/ /ˈʃɑːlət/ charlottes n
charlotte
A dessert consisting of sponge cake filled with fruit, and cream or custard.

charlotte russe /ˈʃɑɹlət ˈɹus/ /ˈʃɑːlət ˈɹuːs/ charlotte russes charlottes russe charlottes russes n
charlotte russe
A dessert of custard or whipped cream enclosed in sponge cake, often in the form of ladyfingers. [from mid 19th c.]

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ charms n
charme fétiche
An object, act or words believed to have magic power (usually carries a positive connotation).
breloque
A small trinket on a bracelet or chain, etc., traditionally supposed to confer luck upon the wearer.
charme
(finance) A second-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the instantaneous rate of change of delta with respect to time.

charm /tʃɑːm/ /t͡ʃɑɹm/ v
charmer
To seduce, persuade or fascinate someone or something.
ensorceler
(transitive) To use a magical charm upon; to subdue, control, or summon by incantation or supernatural influence.

charm quark charm quarks n
quark charm quark charme quark charmé
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +\frac{2}{3} and a mass of about 1150 to 1350 MeV.Symbol: c

charming /ˈtʃɑː(ɹ).mɪŋ/ charmest charminger charmingest more charming most charming adj
charmant
Pleasant, charismatic.

charmonium charmonia charmoniums n
charmonium
(particle) Any meson formed from a charm quark and its antiquark.

charoite charoites n
charoïte

chart /tʃɑːt/ /t͡ʃɑɹt/ charts n
carte
A navigator's map.
diagnostiques graphe
A systematic non-narrative presentation of data.

chart of accounts charts of accounts n
plan comptable

charter /ˈt͡ʃɑɹtɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑːtə/ charters n
charte
A document issued by some authority, creating a public or private institution, and defining its purposes and privileges.
A similar document conferring rights and privileges on a person, corporation etc.

charter /ˈt͡ʃɑɹtɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑːtə/ v
affretter
(transitive) To grant or establish a charter.

chartered accountant chartered accountants n
comptable agréé expert-comptable

charterhouse charterhouses n
chartreuse
A Carthusian monastery.

chartist chartists n
chartiste
(finance) A financial analyst who attempts to predict future movements in the prices of shares or other financial instruments by looking for patterns in charts of historical data.

charwoman charwomen n
femme de journée femme de ménage femme de service nettoyeuse technicienne de surface
(chiefly, British) A woman employed to do housework, traditionally coming and going on a daily basis and paid weekly wages.

chase /t͡ʃeɪs/ chases n
poursuite
(real tennis) The occurrence of a second bounce by the ball in certain areas of the court, giving the server the chance, later in the game, to "play off" the chase from the receiving end and possibly win the point.

chase /t͡ʃeɪs/ v
chasser poursuivre
(transitive, baseball) To produce enough offense to cause the pitcher to be removed.

chase tail v
courir le cotillon courir le jupon
(idiomatic, slang, somewhat, _, vulgar) To be on the hunt for a (usually sexual) partner.

chaser /ˈtʃeɪsə/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪsɚ/ chasers n
poursuivant
A person or thing (ship, plane, car, etc.) that chases. [from 14th c.]
pousse-alcool rince-cochon rince-gueule
A drink consumed after another of a different kind.

chasm /ˈkæzəm/ chasms n
gouffre fossé chasme crevasse
(geology, planetology) A deep, steep-sided rift, gap or fissure; a gorge or abyss.
fossé divergence
(by extension) A large difference of opinion.

chasma /ˈkazmə/ /ˈkæzmə/ chasmas chasmata n
chasma
(astronomy, geology) A long, narrow, steep-sided depression on a planet (often other than Earth), a moon, or another body in the Solar System.

chasmophyte /ˈkæzməʊfaɪt/ chasmophytes n
chasmophyte
(botany) chomophyte

chasse /ʃæˈseɪ/ /ʃɑˈseɪ/ /ʃəˈseɪ/ chasses n
pas chassé
gliding step (noun)

chasse-café /ˌʃaskaˈfeɪ/ /ˌʃæskæˈfeɪ/ chasse-cafés n
chasse-café pousse-café
(dated) A small serving of spirits taken to remove the taste of coffee, tobacco, etc.

chassis /ˈt͡ʃæsi/ /ˈt͡ʃæsiz/ /ˈʃæsi/ /ˈʃæsiz/ /ˈʃæzi/ chassis n
châssis
The base frame of a motor vehicle.

chaste /t͡ʃeɪst/ /t͡ʃæst/ chaster chastest adj
chaste
Abstaining from immoral or unlawful sexual intercourse.

chaste tree chaste trees n
gattilier
A shrub native to the Mediterranean region (Vitex agnus-castus).

chastely more chastely most chastely adv
chastement
In a chaste manner. (either specifically virginal, or in a modest, unsexy and unrisque manner)

chastise /tʃæˈstaɪz/ /t͡ʃæˈstaɪz/ /ˈt͡ʃæstaɪz/ v
châtier
(transitive) To punish, especially by corporal punishment.

chastisement /t͡ʃæˈstaɪzmənt/ /ˈt͡ʃæstəzmənt/ /ˈt͡ʃæstɪzmənt/ chastisements n
châtiment
The act of chastising; rebuke; punishment.

chastity /ˈt͡ʃastɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃeɪstɪti/ /ˈt͡ʃæstɪti/ [ˈt͡ʃæstɪɾi] chastities n
chasteté
The quality of being chaste: the state of abstaining from any sexual activity considered immoral; avoidance of sexual sins.

chastity belt chastity belts n
ceinture de chasteté
A belt-like garment, designed to be worn over the genitals and locked to prevent sexual intercourse, typically for long periods of time, to maintain chastity, prevent masturbation, or to enforce BDSM submission.

chastushka chastushkas chastushki chastushky n
tchastouchka
A type of traditional Russian satirical or ironic folk poetry in quatrains.

chasuble /ˈt͡ʃæsəbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzjʊbəl/ /ˈt͡ʃæzəbəl/ chasubles n
chasuble
(Christianity) The outermost liturgical vestment worn by clergy for celebrating Eucharist or Mass.

chat /t͡ʃæt/ chats n
chat clavardage discussion
(countable, uncountable) An exchange of text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, resembling a face-to-face conversation.

chat /t͡ʃæt/ v
bavarder papoter jaser placoter
To be engaged in informal conversation.
converser discuter parler
To talk more than a few words.
chatter tchatter clavarder
To exchange text or voice messages in real time through a computer network, as if having a face-to-face conversation.

chat room chat rooms n
clavardoir
(Internet) Part of a website or other network where visitors can converse in typed messages.

chat up v
allumer draguer emballer
(transitive, idiomatic) To talk to (someone) in a friendly, open, or casual manner, sometimes also in a charming or affected manner, usually to curry favor, and sometimes flirtatiously with the intention of establishing a romantic or sexual encounter or relationship with that person.

chatbot /ˈtʃætbɑt/ chatbots n
chatbot dialogueur
(AI) A computer program that holds conversations through a chat room.

chateaubriand /ʃæˌtoʊbɹiˈɑ̃/ /ʃæˌtoʊbɹiˈɔ̃/ /ˌʃatəʊˈbɹiːɒ̃/ chateaubriands n
chateaubriand chateaubriant châteaubriand châteaubriant
A thick, juicy cut from the center of a beef tenderloin.

chatelaine /ˈʃætl̩ˌeɪn/ /ˈʃætəleɪn/ [-ɾl̩-] chatelaines n
châtelaine
(dated) The mistress of a castle or large household. [from mid 19th c.]
(historical) A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached, supposed to resemble the chain of keys once worn by medieval chatelaines.
A similar thing in miniature attached to a watchchain.

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/ chatters n
bagou jacassement
Talk, especially meaningless or unimportant talk.
jacassement
The vocalisations of a Eurasian magpie, Pica pica.

chatter /ˈtʃætə/ /ˈt͡ʃætɚ/ v
bavarder jacasser
(intransitive) To talk idly.

chatterbox chatterboxes n
moulin à paroles
(informal) One who chats or talks to excess.

chatty /ˈt͡ʃæti/ [ˈt͡ʃæɾi] chattier chattiest adj
bavard loquace
(informal) Of a person, chatting a lot or fond of chatting.

chauffeur /ʃoʊˈfɝ/ /ʃɒˈfɜː/ /ˈʃoʊfɚ/ /ˈʃəʊfə/ chauffeurs n
chauffeur chauffeuse
A person employed to drive a private motor car or a hired car of executive or luxury class (like a limousine).

chauvinism /ˈʃoʊ.vɪˌnɪzm̩/ /ˈʃəʊ.və.nɪ.zəm/ /ˈʃəʊ.vɪ.nɪ.zəm/ chauvinisms n
chauvinisme
(pejorative) Excessive patriotism, eagerness for national superiority; jingoism.
(pejorative) Unwarranted bias, favoritism, or devotion to one's own particular group, cause, or idea.

chauvinist chauvinists n
chauvin chauviniste
(pejorative) A chauvinistic person.

chauvinistic more chauvinistic most chauvinistic adj
chauvin chauviniste cocardier
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to chauvinism or chauvinists.

chav /t͡ʃæv/ chavs n
racaille cacou
(UK, MLE, Ireland, derogatory, offensive ) A working-class youth, especially one associated with aggression, poor education, and a perceived "common" taste in clothing and lifestyle.

chayote /tʃaɪˈəʊti/ /t͡ʃɑˈjoʊti/ chayotes n
chayotte chouchou christophine séchion
The fruit of this plant.

cheap /t͡ʃip/ /t͡ʃiːp/ cheaper cheapest adj
bon marché pas cher peu cher économique
Low and/or reduced in price.
au rabais à deux balles bon marché
Of poor quality.
modique
Of little worth.
radin
(informal, chiefly, derogatory) Stingy; mean; excessively frugal.

cheapen v
déprécier dévaluer
(transitive) To decrease the value or price of; to make cheaper.

cheapskate cheapskates n
avare

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ cheats n
menteur tricheur tricheuse
Someone who cheats.
menteur
(card games) A card game where the goal is to have no cards remaining in a hand, often by telling lies.
cheat
(video games) A hidden means of gaining an unfair advantage in a video game, often by entering a cheat code.

cheat /t͡ʃiːt/ v
tricher
(intransitive) To violate rules in order to gain, or attempt to gain, advantage from a situation.
tromper
(intransitive) To be unfaithful to one's spouse or partner; to commit adultery, or to engage in sexual or romantic conduct with a person other than one's partner in contravention of the rules of society or agreement in the relationship.

cheat on v
tromper
(colloquial, idiom, transitive) To be unfaithful to, especially in a romantic relationship.

cheat sheet cheat sheets n
antisèche pompe
A sheet of paper containing notes used to assist (with or without permission) on a test.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] checks n
contrôle vérification examen
An inspection or examination.
contrôle vérification
A control; a limit or stop.
échec
(chess) A situation in which the king is directly threatened by an opposing piece. [from 14th c.]
croix
(US) A mark (especially a checkmark: ✓) used as an indicator.
addition
(US) A bill, particularly in a restaurant.

check /t͡ʃɛk/ [t͡ʃɛk̚] v
vérifier contrôler
(transitive) To inspect; to examine.
cocher vérifier
(transitive, US, often used with "off") To mark items on a list (with a checkmark or by crossing them out) that have been chosen for keeping or removal or that have been dealt with (for example, completed or verified as correct or satisfactory).
contrôler faire attention
(transitive) To control, limit, or halt.
déposer laisser
(transitive) To leave in safekeeping.
enregistrer
(transitive) To leave with a shipping agent for shipping.
checker
(poker, transitive) To announce that one is remaining in a hand without betting.
échec
(chess, transitive) To make a move which puts an adversary's king in check; to put in check.

check in v
enregistrer
To announce or record one's own arrival at a hotel, airport etc.

check mark check marks n
coche marque
(North America, Philippines) A mark (✓) made to indicate agreement, correctness or acknowledgement.

check out v
régler sa note (d'hôtel)
(intransitive) To confirm and pay for goods and services at a facility (e.g.: supermarket, online store, hotel) when leaving.
emprunter
(transitive) To withdraw (an item), as from a library, and have the withdrawal recorded.
examiner claquer crever mater regarder régler sa note (d'hôtel)
(transitive) To examine, inspect, look at closely, ogle; to investigate; to gather information so as to make a decision.
s'en aller se barrer se casser
(intransitive) To become uninterested in an activity and cease to participate in more than a perfunctory manner; to become uncooperative.
(intransitive) To leave in a hurry.

check through v
laisser passer
(idiomatic) To permit someone to continue onward, e.g. through a security checkpoint, after verifying their identity, tickets, etc.
examiner inspecter
(idiomatic) To inspect something, often to try to find errors, problems, etc.

check up v
vérifier

check-in check-ins n
enregistrement
The act of contacting another person in order to keep them informed of one's situation.

checkbox /ˈtʃɛkbɒks/ /ˈt͡ʃɛkbɑks/ checkboxes n
case à cocher
A space on a paper form that can be optionally filled with a check mark.
(graphical user interface) An on-screen box that can be optionally filled with a check mark, to enable or disable a setting.

checker /ˈtʃɛkə/ /ˈt͡ʃɛkɚ/ checkers n
vérificateur vérificatrice
One who or that which checks or verifies something.

checkerboard checkerboards n
damier
A pattern of squares of alternating colours.
damier échiquier
A board, usually square, covered with such a pattern; especially such a board with 8×8 squares, used to play chess and draughts/checkers.

checkered more checkered most checkered adj
échiqueté carreauté à carreaux
Divided into squares, or into light and dark patches.

checklist /ˈt͡ʃɛklɪst/ checklists n
liste de contrôle checklist
A list of tasks to be completed, names to be consulted, conditions to be verified and similar.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ interjection
échec et mat mat
(chess) Word called out by the victor when making a move that wins the game.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ checkmates n
échec et mat mat
The conclusive victory in a game of chess that occurs when an opponent's king is threatened with unavoidable capture.

checkmate /ˈt͡ʃɛkmeɪt/ v
faire échec et mat
(transitive, chess) To put the king of an opponent into checkmate.

checkout checkouts n
caisse
The process of checking out items at a supermarket or library.

checkpoint checkpoints n
poste-frontière point de contrôle
A point or place where a check is performed, especially a point along a road or on a frontier where travellers are stopped for inspection
point de sauvegarde
(computing) A situation, often represented by a point in time, at which the state of a database system is known to be valid, and to which it can be returned in the event of a crisis by using a combination of backups and logs; the data stored at this event.
sauvegarde
(video games) A predetermined point in a map, level or scenario that the player may resume from if they die or restart from if they choose to.

checks and balances n
poids et contrepoids
(politics) A system for multiple branches of government wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others.

checksum checksums n
somme de contrôle
(mathematics, computing) A number, derived by applying a suitable algorithm to some data, used to check whether errors have occurred in transmission, storage or data entry.

checkup checkups n
bilan de santé check-up
A routine visit to the doctor, dentist, or the like.
A routine inspection.

cheddar /ˈt͡ʃɛdə(ɹ)/ cheddars n
cheddar
A cheese styled after the Cheddar cheese made in Cheddar.

cheek /t͡ʃiːk/ cheeks n
joue
(anatomy) The soft skin on each side of the face, below the eyes; the outer surface of the sides of the oral cavity.
fesse
(anatomy, informal, usually, in the plural) The lower part of the buttocks that is often exposed beneath very brief underwear, swimwear, or extremely short shorts.
culot toupet
(figurative, informal, uncountable) Impudence.
potence de bringuebale
(nautical) pump-cheek, pump-cheeks, a piece of wood cut out fork-shaped in which the brake is fastened by means of a bolt and can thus move around and move the upper box of the pump up and down

cheek by jowl more cheek by jowl most cheek by jowl adj
côte à côte joue contre joue
Tightly packed.

cheek pouch cheek pouches n
abajoue
(anatomy, zoology) A pouch in the cheek of some animals, usually used to carry food.

cheekbone cheekbones n
pommette zygoma
The small prominent bone of the cheek.

cheeky /ˈt͡ʃiːki/ cheekier cheekiest adj
effronté impertinent insolent
(informal) Impudent; impertinent; impertinently bold, often in a way that is regarded as endearing or amusing.

cheep /t͡ʃiːp/ interjection
cui-cui
The short, high-pitched sound made by a small bird.

cheep /t͡ʃiːp/ v
piailler chanter
Of a small bird, to make short, high-pitched sounds.

cheer /t͡ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /t͡ʃɪɹ/ v
acclamer applaudir
(ambitransitive) To applaud or encourage with cheers or shouts.

cheer up interjection
courage
An encouragement to somebody who seems unhappy.

cheer up v
remonter le moral
(transitive, idiomatic) To make someone happier or less downcast.

cheerful /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɪɹfʊl/ more cheerful most cheerful adj
joyeux content de bonne humeur
Noticeably happy and optimistic.

cheerio /ˈtʃɪəɹ.i.əʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɪəɹ.i.oʊ/ [ˈt͡ʃiɹi.oʊ̯] interjection
salut

cheerleader /ˈtʃɪə(ɹ)ˌliːdə(ɹ)/ cheerleaders n
cheerleader pom-pom girl
(chiefly, US) A person, usually a young, attractive female, who encourages applause and cheers at a sports event, and wearing a specially-designed uniform in the official colors of the team he/she cheers for.

cheerleading n
cheerleading
A physical activity in which cheerleaders organize elements of dance, gymnastics, and tumbling for judgment or to cheer on a team.

cheers /tʃɪəz/ /t͡ʃɪɹz/ interjection
santé à votre santé tchin-tchin
A common toast used when drinking in company.
ciao salut à plus
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) goodbye, especially as a sign-off in an email or after writing a comment.
merci
(Commonwealth, informal) thank you

cheese /t͡ʃiz/ /t͡ʃiːz/ interjection
ouistiti fromage
(photography) Said while being photographed, to give the impression of smiling.

cheese /t͡ʃiz/ /t͡ʃiːz/ cheesen cheeses n
fromage
(uncountable) A dairy product made from curdled or cultured milk.
(countable) Any particular variety of cheese.
flouze fric oseille pognon tune
(uncountable, slang) Money.

cheese it phraseologicalUnit
attention gaffe vingt-deux
(slang, dated, Britain) An imperative used as a warning to stop, hide, or flee

cheese knife cheese knives n
couteau à fromage
A type of knife used for cutting cheese, typically with a wide, curved blade.

cheese mite cheese mites n
artison artisou ciron céron mite du fromage
Any of several species of mite that thrive on the surface of cheese and feed on it. They are used on purpose in production of some types of cheese to give the cheese a distinct flavor.

cheese slicer cheese slicers n
coupe fromage tranche fromage
A kitchen instrument used for slicing cheese.

cheese wire cheese wires n
fil à couper le beurre

cheeseboard cheeseboards n
plateau de fromages
A board used for serving cheeses.

cheeseburger cheeseburgers n
cheeseburger hambourgeois au fromage hamburger au fromage
A hamburger containing cheese (usually one or more slices of processed cheese).

cheesecake /ˈt͡ʃizˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃiːzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɛzˌkeɪk/ /ˈt͡ʃɪzˌkeɪk/ cheesecakes n
cheese-cake cheesecake gâteau au fromage cheese cake tarte au fromage
(countable, and, uncountable, obsolete) A pie made of cream, eggs and milk (somewhat resembling the modern American chess cake).

cheesecloth cheesecloths n
étamine à fromage
A loosely woven cotton gauze, originally used to wrap cheese, but now used for various culinary tasks and by farmers to shade crops and keep birds off.

cheesemaker cheesemakers n
fromager fromagier fromagière fromagère
A person skilled in the art of making cheese

cheesemonger cheesemongers n
fromager fromagère
(British) Someone who sells cheese.

cheeseparing more cheeseparing most cheeseparing adj
radin radine radines radins
Niggardly, stingy.

cheesy /ˈt͡ʃiːzi/ cheesier cheesiest adj
fromageux
Of or relating to cheese.
Resembling or containing cheese.
kitsch ringard
(informal) Overdramatic, excessively emotional or clichéd, trite, contrived.

cheetah /ˈt͡ʃiːtɑ/ /ˈt͡ʃiːtə/ cheetahs n
guépard
A distinctive member (Acinonyx jubatus) of the cat family, slightly smaller than the leopard, but with proportionately longer limbs and a smaller head; native to Africa and southeast Asia (where it is nearly extinct) and also credited with being the fastest terrestrial animal.

chef /ʃɛf/ chefs n
chef chef cuisinier
The head cook of a restaurant or other establishment.

chef's knife chef's knives chefs' knives n
couteau de chef
A type of general purpose kitchen knife used for food preparation, typically measuring eight inches by one and a half inches.

chelation /ˈkiːˌleɪˈʃən/ chelations n
chélation
(chemistry) The formation of a polydentate chelate compound from a metal salt.

chelicera /kəˈlɪ.sə.ɹə/ chelicerae n
chélicère
(zoology) Either of the prehensile claws found on the proboscis of chelicerates (horseshoe crabs, sea spiders and arachnids).

chelone chelones n
chélone
(botany) Chelone, a genus of four species of perennial herbaceous plants that are native to eastern North America.

chemical /ˈkɛmɪkəl/ adj
chimique
Of or relating to chemistry.

chemical /ˈkɛmɪkəl/ chemicals n
produit chimique
(chemistry, sciences) Any specific chemical element or chemical compound or alloy.
(colloquial) An artificial chemical compound.

chemical agent chemical agents n
arme chimique
Any noxious substance intended for use in military or police operations.

chemical biology n
biochimie
A field of study that embraces both chemistry and biology.

chemical bond chemical bonds n
liaison chimique
(chemistry) Any of several attractive forces that serve to bind atoms together to form molecules

chemical castration chemical castrations n
castration chimique
A medical treatment using a anaphrodisiacal hormonal drug to inhibit the function of a man's testes, intended to have the same effect on the sex drive as surgical castration. It is typically used on sex offenders as a punishment and/or preventative measure, or on people wishing to undergo male-to-female transsexualism.

chemical compound chemical compounds n
composé chimique corps composé
(chemistry) Any substance formed by the union of two or more chemical elements in a fixed ratio, the union being a chemical bond.
produit chimique
(informal, proscribed) Any single substance, either compound or element

chemical element chemical elements n
élément chimique
(chemistry) Any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction. Chemical elements consist of atoms which have the same number of protons.

chemical engineering n
génie chimique génie des procédés
The branch of engineering that deals with the design, construction and operation of industrial process plants, and the physical, chemical and biological processes to create substances or energy in a useful and economic form.

chemical equation chemical equations n
équation chimique
(chemistry) a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction; reactants are represented on the left, and products on the right

chemical property chemical properties n
propriété chimique
(chemistry) Any of a material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction.

chemical reaction chemical reactions n
réaction chimique
(chemistry) A process, typically involving the breaking or making of interatomic bonds, in which one or more substances are changed into others.

chemical reactor chemical reactors n
réacteur chimique
(chemistry) any vessel designed to hold the compounds involved in a chemical reaction; a reaction vessel

chemical sensitivity chemical sensitivities n
sensibilité chimique
(medicine) an extreme sensitivity, or allergic reaction, to any of various chemical compounds present in the normal environment

chemical series chemical series n
série chimique
(chemistry) any group of elements whose chemical and physical properties have similarities, and that vary progressively through the series; evident within the periodic table

chemical species chemical species n
espèce chimique
(chemistry) An ensemble of chemically identical molecular entities that can explore the same set of molecular energy levels on the time scale of the experiment.

chemical toilet chemical toilets n
toilette chimique
A toilet or chamber pot which treats waste in place with chemical disinfectants and deodorizers, as in airplane lavatories.

chemical warfare n
guerre chimique
(military) The use of toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons of war, through the intentional exposure of enemy forces to such substances.

chemical weapon chemical weapons n
arme chimique
A noxious substance contained in some form of delivery system such as a shell or missile.

chemicals n
industrie chimique
The chemical industry.

chemiresistive adj
chimiorésistif

chemise /ʃəˈmiːz/ chemises n
chemise de nuit nuisette
A short nightdress, or similar piece of lingerie.

chemist /ˈkɛmɪst/ chemists n
chimiste
A person who specializes in the science of chemistry, especially at a professional level.

chemistry /ˈkɛm.ɪ.stɹi/ chemistries n
chimie
(uncountable) The branch of natural science that deals with the composition and constitution of substances and the changes that they undergo as a consequence of alterations in the constitution of their molecules.
(countable) An application of chemical theory and method to a particular substance.
(informal) The mutual attraction between two people; rapport.

chemo- /kimoʊ/ /kɛmoʊ/ prefix
chimio-
Relating to or using chemicals or chemistry.

chemokine chemokines n
chimiokine chémokine
(protein, immunology) Any of various chemotactic cytokines, produced during inflammation, that organize the leukocytes.

chemostratigraphy n
chimiostratigraphie
(chemistry, geology) The study and dating of sedimentary strata by the analysis of trace elements and isotopic ratios

chemosynthesis chemosyntheses n
chimiosynthèse
the production of carbohydrates and other compounds from simple compounds such as carbon dioxide, using the oxidation of chemical nutrients as a source of energy rather than sunlight; it is limited to certain bacteria and fungi

chemotherapeutic adj
chimiothérapeutique
(medicine, oncology) Of or having to do with chemotherapy.

chemotherapy /ˌkiːməʊˈθɛɹəpi/ chemotherapies n
chimiothérapie
(medicine) Any chemical treatment intended to be therapeutic with respect to a disease state.
(oncology, most common usage) chemical treatment to kill or halt the replication and/or spread of cancerous cells in a patient.

chemsex n
chemsex
(sexuality) Sexual intercourse under the influence of recreational drugs.

chengyu /t͡ʃɛŋˈjuː/ /t͡ʃʌŋˈjuː/ chengyu n
chengyu
(linguistics) A certain kind of Chinese set phrase originating in Classical Chinese, typically four characters in length, and often with a story behind it.

chenille /ʃəˈniːl/ chenilles n
chenille
An extremely soft and bunchy fabric often used to make sweaters.

cheque /t͡ʃɛk/ cheques n
chèque
(Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand, UK, Ireland, Hong Kong) A draft directing a bank to pay money to a named person or entity.

chequebook chequebooks n
carnet de chèques
A folder or booklet containing preprinted cheques for use by the holder of a bank account.

chequered flag chequered flags n
drapeau à damier
(motor racing) A black-and-white chequered flag which signifies the end of a race.

chequy /ˈt͡ʃɛki/ adj
échiqueté
(heraldry) Chequered; divided into small squares (chequers) by transverse vertical and horizontal lines.

cherimoya /t͡ʃɛɹɪˈmɔɪ.ə/ cherimoyas n
chérimolier
A subtropical tree, Annona cherimola, native to mountainous areas of South America.
chérimole chérimolier
A conical fruit with white flesh from that tree.

cherish /ˈt͡ʃɛɹɪʃ/ v
chérir tenir
To treat with affection, care, and tenderness; to nurture or protect with care.
To have a deep appreciation of; to hold dear.

chernozem /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)nəˌzɛm/ chernozems n
tchernoziom tchernozème
A fertile black soil containing a very high percentage of humus (3% to 15%) and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.

cheroot /t͡ʃə-/ /ʃəˈɹuːt/ cheroots n
cheroot stogie
A cigar with square-cut ends.

cherry /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ cherrier cherriest more cherry most cherry adj
goût cerise cerise
Of a bright red colour; cherry red.

cherry /ˈt͡ʃɛɹi/ cherries n
cerisier cerise
The wood of a cherry tree.
cerise
(color) Cherry red.
(slang) Virginity, especially female virginity as embodied by a hymen.
cerise griotte
The fruit of the coffee plant, containing the seeds or beans.

cherry blossom cherry blossoms n
fleur de cerisier
The blossom or flower of the cherry tree, particularly the Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata).

cherry brandy cherry brandies n
cherry brandy
A liqueur made from cherries macerated in brandy or neutral spirit, and flavoured with spices.

cherry laurel cherry laurels n
laurier-cerise
An evergreen cherry in the section Prunus sect. Laurocerasus, some of which are cultivated as ornamentals.
Prunus laurocerasus, an evergreen shrub, native to regions bordering the Black Sea in southwestern Asia.

cherry picker cherry pickers n
nacelle élévatrice
A cantilevered tool for installing or removing the engine block from a vehicle (also known as an engine crane or engine hoist)

cherry picking n
picorage cueillette de cerises
The selection of desirable items and rejection of undesirable ones in order to obtain an advantage or present something in the best possible light.

cherry plum cherry plums n
prunes-cerises
The fruit of such a tree.

cherry tomato cherry tomatoes n
tomate cerise
A type of small tomato, the cultivar Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme.

cherry tree cherry trees n
cerisier
A tree of the subgenus Prunus subg. Cerasus, the members of which are valued agriculturally for their fruit, the cherry, and the wood of the tree, cherrywood, used in woodworking.

cherry-pick v
trier sur le volet
(idiomatic) To pick out the best or most desirable items from a list or group, especially to obtain some advantage or to present something in the best possible light.

cherry-popper cherry-poppers n
déflorateur
(slang, vulgar) Someone who takes another's virginity.

chert /t͡ʃɜːt/ /t͡ʃɝt/ cherts n
chaille
(geology, uncountable) Massive, usually dull-colored and opaque, quartzite, hornstone, impure chalcedony, or other flint-like mineral.

cherub /ˈt͡ʃɛ.ɹəb/ cherubim cherubims cherubs n
chérubin
(biblical) A winged creature attending God and guarding his throne; similar to a lamassu (winged bull with a human torso) in the pre-exilic texts of the Hebrew Bible, more humanoid in later texts.
In later texts changed to a winged baby; in artistic depictions sometimes a baby's head with wings but no body.
(figuratively) A person, especially a child, seen as being particularly angelic or innocent.

cherubic /t͡ʃəˈɹuː.bɪk/ /t͡ʃɪˈɹuː.bɪk/ more cherubic most cherubic adj
chérubique
Of, or relating to a cherub; angelic.

chervil /ˈt͡ʃɜː(ɹ)vɪl/ chervils n
cerfeuil
(countable) A leafy herb, Anthriscus cerefolium, resembling parsley.
(uncountable) Leaves from the plant, used as an herb in cooking, which have a mild flavor of anise.

chervonets chervontsy n
tchervonets
Any of several former currencies of Russia: applied to various foreign gold coins prior to the reign of Peter I of Russia, then to a Russian gold coin of 1701-1757, and finally to a 1922 currency of the Soviet Union.

chess /t͡ʃɛs/ chesses n
échecs jeu d'échecs
A board game for two players, each beginning with sixteen chess pieces moving according to fixed rules across a chessboard with the objective to checkmate the opposing king.

chess clock chess clocks n
pendule d'échecs
A device consisting of two clocks and a switch for running one at a time, used in chess and other games to measure how much time each player takes.

chess piece chess pieces n
pièce d'échecs pièce
(chess) Any of the 16 white and 16 black pieces used in playing the game of chess.

chess player chess players n
joueur d’échecs joueuse d’échecs
A human or computer that plays the game of chess.

chessboard chessboards n
échiquier
(chess) The square board used in the game of chess, subdivided into eight rows of eight squares each, the squares in each row and column being of alternating colours.

chest /t͡ʃɛst/ /t͡ʃɪst/ chests n
coffre
A box, now usually a large strong box with a secure convex lid.
poitrine
(anatomy) The portion of the front of the human body from the base of the neck to the top of the abdomen; the thorax. Also the analogous area in other animals.

chest of drawers chests of drawers n
commode chiffonnier
A piece of furniture which has multiple parallel, horizontal drawers stacked one above the other, used mainly for the storage of clean clothes.

chest voice n
voix de poitrine
(phonology, music) A kind of voice of a medium or low pitch and a sonorous quality ascribed to resonance in the chest, or thorax; voice of the thick register. It is produced by vibration of the vocal cords through their entire width and thickness, and with convex surfaces presented to each other.

chestnut /ˈt͡ʃɛs.nʌt/ /ˈt͡ʃɛst.nʌt/ adj
châtain marron
Of a deep reddish-brown colour, like that of a chestnut.

chestnut /ˈt͡ʃɛs.nʌt/ /ˈt͡ʃɛst.nʌt/ chestnuts n
châtaigne marron châtain
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour, as seen on the fruit of the chestnut tree.
châtaigner marronnier
(uncountable) Wood of a chestnut tree.

chestnut munia chestnut munias n
capucin à tête noire
Lonchura atricapilla, a bird of the passerine family Estrildidae, of southern and eastern Asia.

chestnut teal chestnut teals n
sarcelle rousse
Anas castanea, a dabbling duck found in southern Australia.

chestnut tree /ˈtʃɛsnʌt ˌtɹiː/ chestnut trees n
châtaignier
A tree that bears chestnuts; a tree of the genus Castanea

chestnut-backed antshrike chestnut-backed antshrikes n
batara mantelé
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus palliatus, syn. Lanius palliatus)

chestnut-backed chickadee chestnut-backed chickadees n
mésange à dos marron
Poecile rufescens, a small bird of the tit family Paridae.

chestnut-eared bunting chestnut-eared buntings n
bruant à oreillons
Emberiza fucata, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

cheval glass cheval glasses n
psyché

chevron /ˈʃɛvɹən/ chevrons n
chevron
A V-shaped pattern; used in architecture, and as an insignia of military or police rank, on the sleeve.
(heraldiccharge) A wide inverted V placed on a shield.

chevronny adj
chevronné
Having chevrons, especially (heraldry) charged with chevrons.

chevrotain /ˈʃɛvɹə(ʊ)teɪn/ /ˈʃɛvɹəˌteɪn/ chevrotains n
chevrotain
Any of several small hornless ruminants of the family Tragulidae (genera Hyemoschus, Moschiola, and Tragulus), native to tropical rainforests of South and Southeast Asia, and Central and West Africa; a mouse deer.

chew /tʃuː/ /tʃɪʊ̯/ /t͡ʃ(j)u/ v
mâcher mastiquer mordiller
To crush with the teeth by repeated closing and opening of the jaws; done to food to soften it and break it down by the action of saliva before it is swallowed.

chew out v
engueuler enguirlander
(US, slang) To lecture, scold, reprimand, or rebuke, especially in an angry tone of voice.

chew the cud v
ruminer
(figuratively, idiomatic, of a person) To meditate or ponder before answering; to be deep in thought; to ruminate.

chew the scenery v
cabotiner surjouer
(idiomatic, performing arts) To display excessive emotion or to act in an exaggerated manner while performing; to be melodramatic; to be flamboyant.

chewing gum chewing gums n
chewing-gum gomme à mâcher chiclet chiclette
A flavoured preparation of chicle or synthetic rubber, made for chewing.

chez /ʃeɪ/ preposition
chez
At the home of.

chi /kaɪ/ chis n
chi khi
The twenty-second letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets.

chi /t͡ʃiː/ chis n
qi
(philosophy) A life force in traditional Chinese philosophy, culture, medicine, etc, related (but not limited) to breath and circulation.

chiaroscuro /kɪˌɑːɹəˈskʊəɹəʊ/ /ˌkjɑɹəˈsk(j)ʊɹoʊ/ chiaroscuri chiaroscuros n
clair-obscur
(painting) An artistic technique developed during the Renaissance, referring to the use of strong contrasts between light and dark in order to create the illusion of volume.

chiasmus /kaɪˈæzməs/ chiasmi chiasmuses n
chiasme
(rhetoric) An inversion of the relationship between the elements of phrases.

chibouk chibouks n
chibouque
A Turkish tobacco pipe.

chic /ʃik/ /ʃiːk/ chicer chicest more chic most chic adj
chic
Elegant, stylish.

chicharron chicharrones chicharrons n
chicharron

chick /t͡ʃɪk/ chicken chicks n
oisillon poussin
A young bird.
poussin
A young chicken.
nana gonzesse
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia, colloquial) A young, typically attractive, woman or teenage girl.

chickadee /ˈt͡ʃɪ.kəˌdi/ chickadees n
mésange
A small passerine bird (songbird) of the genus Parus or the family Paridae.

chicken /ˈt͡ʃɪkɪn/ chickens n
poulet poule
(uncountable) The meat from this bird eaten as food.
(archaic) The young of any bird; a chick.
poltron poule mouillée
(countable, slang) A coward.

chicken Kiev chicken Kievs n
suprême de volaille à la Kiev

chicken breast chicken breasts n
blanc de poulet
Meat from the body of a chicken.

chicken farmer chicken farmers n
aviculteur éleveur de poulets éleveur de volailles
A farmer who keeps or works with chickens.

chicken feed chicken feeds n
fifrelin trois fois rien
(idiomatic) A very small or insignificant quantity, especially of money.

chicken feet n
pattes de poulet
The feet of a chicken, stripped of their outer layer of skin, and cooked.

chicken nugget chicken nuggets n
nugget de poulet
A small, boneless piece of chicken in batter.

chicken out v
laisser tomber lâcher lâcher l'affaire se dégonfler
(idiomatic) To shy away from a daring task; to decline, refuse, or avoid something due to fear or uncertainty.

chicken pox chicken poxes n
varicelle
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed, disease) Any disease causing similar symptoms.

chicken scratch chicken scratches n
griffonnage hiéroglyphes pattes de mouche
(informal, idiom) Cramped or illegible handwriting.

chicken soup chicken soups n
soupe de poulet
Any soup made with either pieces of chicken or chicken broth as its main ingredient, often thought to cure everyday illnesses such as the common cold.

chicken wing chicken wings n
aile de poulet
(cuisine) A wing of a chicken, either on the living chicken, raw, or cooked.

chicken wire chicken wires n
grillage
(countable) A type of such material, differentiated by material, coating, wire thickness, width, and mesh size.

chicken-or-egg question chicken-or-egg questions n
paradoxe de l’œuf et de la poule
(by extension) A question to decide which of two interdependent things happened first.

chickenhawk /ˈt͡ʃɪkɪnˌhɔk/ chickenhawks n
épervier brun
Any of the North American hawk species (Cooper's hawk, sharp-shinned hawk and red-tailed hawk), or counterparts elsewhere, mistakenly believed to be pests.

chickenshit chickenshits n
conneries merde
(slang, vulgar) (A) petty and contemptible thing(s).
couille molle poule mouillée péteux sans-couilles
(slang, vulgar) coward

chickling vetch n
gesse gesse commune lentille d'Espagne pois carré
A plant with edible seeds similar to peas and chickpeas of species Lathyrus sativus, used as a famine food but causing lathyrism if eaten in large amounts or over a long time.

chickpea /ˈt͡ʃɪkˌpiː/ chickpeas n
pois chiche
A seed of this plant, often used as a food.

chickweed chickweeds n
mouron blanc
Any of several small-leaved herbs of the genera Cerastium and Stellaria.

chicory /ˈ t͡ʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkəɹi/ /ˈtʃɪkɹi/ chicories n
chicorée chicon endive
(chiefly, Britain) The common chicory (Cichorium intybus), the source of Belgian endive, radicchio, and sugarloaf.
chicorée
(uncountable, cooking) A coffee substitute made from the roasted roots of the common chicory, sometimes used as a cheap adulterant in real coffee.

chide / t͡ʃaɪd/ v
réprimander
(transitive) To admonish in blame; to reproach angrily.

chief /t͡ʃiːf/ chiefs n
chef
A leader or head of a group of people, organisation, etc. [from 13th c.]
(sometimes, ironic) An informal term of address.

chief executive officer chief executive officers n
PDG
(business) The highest-ranking corporate officer or executive officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for carrying out the policies of the board of directors on a day-to-day basis; CEO.

chief justice chief justices n
juge en chef
The senior presiding justice of a court.

chief minister chief ministers n
ministre en chef

chief of staff chiefs of staff n
Chef d'état major
chef d’état-major
(military) The senior officer of any of several services of the armed forces of several nations.
chef de cabinet
(government, politics) The head of any of several political departments in several nations.

chief operating officer chief operating officers n
directeur de l’exploitation
(business) A corporate officer of a corporation, company, or agency, responsible for executing decisions of the chief executive officer (CEO) according to their decided schedule; often initialised as COO.

chief technology officer chief technology officers n
directeur de la technologie directeur des nouvelles technologies directrice de la technologie directrice des nouvelles technologies
An executive responsible for the technological development and often the overall technical infrastructure of the products of a business, typically directly accountable to the chief executive officer or the board.

chiefly /ˈtʃiːf.li/ more chiefly most chiefly adv
surtout
(focus) Mainly or principally; almost entirely.

chiffchaff /ˈt͡ʃɪf.t͡ʃæf/ chiffchaffs n
pouillot véloce
A small, common warbler, Phylloscopus collybita, with yellowish-green plumage that breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe and Asia.

chiffonier /ˌʃɪf.əˈnɪə/ /ˌʃɪf.əˈnɪɹ/ chiffoniers n
chiffonnier
A tall, elegant chest of drawers, often with a mirror attached.
One who gathers rags and odds and ends; a ragpicker.
A receptacle for rags or shreds.

chigger /ˈt͡ʃɪɡɚ/ chiggers n
puce chique
A chigoe (Tunga penetrans), a kind of flea found in tropical climates.
aoutat
A harvest mite (Trombiculidae spp.), a very small, red mite endemic to the Midwestern and Southeastern US, the infestation of which causes intense itching.

chignon /ʃɪnˈjɒn/ chignons n
chignon
A roll or twist of hair worn at the nape of the neck; a bun.

chilblain /t͡ʃɪlbleɪn/ chilblains n
engelure
An itchy purple red inflammation of the skin, especially of the hands, feet and ears, occurring when capillaries below the skin are damaged by exposure to cold weather (but do not freeze, which would lead to frostbite instead).

child /t͡ʃaɪld/ [t͡ʃaɪ̯ɫd] [ˈt͡ʃaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] childer children n
enfant
(with possessive) One's direct descendant by birth, regardless of age; one's offspring; a son or daughter.
A person considered a product of a place or culture, a member of a tribe or culture, regardless of age.
(computing) A data item, process, or object which has a subservient or derivative role relative to another.

child abuse /ˈtʃaɪldəbjuːs/ n
maltraitance sur mineur
(criminology) Physical, sexual or emotional mistreatment of a child that causes long-term or permanent damage. [from 20th c.]

child benefit n
allocations familiales allocation familiale
(UK) A regular government payment made to parents or guardians for each child up to a certain age.

child bride child brides n
enfant mariée
A very young bride, usually coerced or pressured into nuptials with a much older man, as practiced in some cultures.

child labour n
travail des enfants
(British spelling, Canadian spelling) Work performed by a minor that is prohibited by statute law, or under terms and conditions considered inhumane.

child language n
langage enfantin

child neglect n
négligence parentale
A form of child abuse caused by the denial of basic needs like proper nutrition, care, and love.

child pornography n
pédopornographie
Pornographic material depicting minors; sexually explicit (or suggestive) images of children.

child prodigy child prodigies n
enfant prodige
(This entry is a translation hub.)

child safety seat child safety seats n
siège enfant
A car safety restraint designed for infants and young children.

child soldier child soldiers n
enfant soldat enfant-soldat
A minor who is put to use for military purposes.

child support n
pension alimentaire
(legal) The ongoing obligation for a periodic payment made directly or indirectly by an obligor, usually the noncustodial parent, to an obligee, usually the custodial parent or other guardian, for the financial care and support of children of a relationship or marriage that has been terminated, or which never existed.

child's play n
jeu d'enfant
(idiomatic) Something particularly simple or easy.

child-in-law children-in-law n
bel-enfant
A spouse of one's child; a son-in-law or daughter-in-law

childbirth childbirths n
accouchement naissance parturition
The fact or action of giving birth to a child, as the culmination of pregnancy.

childcare childcares n
garde d'enfants
(countable) A place where young children are supervised while away from their parents or guardians.

childhood /ˈt͡ʃaɪldhʊd/ childhoods n
enfance
(mostly, uncountable) The state of being a child.
The time during which one is a child, from between infancy and puberty.
(by extension) The early stages of development of something.

childhood friend childhood friends n
ami d'enfance amie d'enfance
(This entry is a translation hub.)

childhood memory childhood memories n
souvenir [[d']]enfance
A memory formed during the childhood years.

childish /ˈt͡ʃaɪldɪʃ/ more childish most childish adj
enfantin puéril
Of or suitable for a child.
puéril gamin
Immature in thought or behaviour.

childishness childishnesses n
enfantillage
(countable) Childish behaviour.

childless adj
sans enfants
Not having any children.

childminder childminders n
nourrice nounou
A person employed to look after other people's children while they are away; a babysitter.

children's home children's homes n
maison d'enfants
A public institution for the care and protection of children whose parents have died or can no longer care for them.

children's hospital children's hospitals n
hôpital pour enfants
A hospital which offers its services exclusively to children and adolescents.

children's rights n
droits de l'enfant

chili /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ /ˈt͡ʃɪliː/ chilies chilis n
piment
(countable) The pungent, spicy fresh or dried fruit of any of several cultivated varieties of capsicum peppers, used in cooking.

chili oil chili oils n
huile piquante
A spicy condiment in which crushed dried red chili peppers (and sometimes other ingredients) have been macerated in oil

chili pepper chili peppers n
piment
Any fruit of a plant of the botanical genus Capsicum, which has a spicy/burning flavour because it contains capsaicin. (Not all chili peppers are particularly spicy, but all true chili peppers contain some capsaicin, in contrast to e.g. the bell pepper, which is not a true chili pepper and does not.)

chiliagon /ˈkɪliəɡən/ chiliagons n
chiliogone
(geometry, rare) A polygon with a thousand vertices and a thousand edges.

chiliarch chiliarchs n
chiliarque
(historical) A commander of a thousand troops in Hellenistic Greece.

chiliasm /ˈkɪ.lɪæ.z(ə)m/ chiliasms n
chiliasme millénarisme
Belief in an earthly thousand-year period of peace and prosperity, sometimes equated with the return of Jesus for that period.

chill /t͡ʃɪl/ chills n
fraicheur
A moderate, but uncomfortable and penetrating coldness.
froid
A sudden penetrating sense of cold, especially one that causes a brief trembling nerve response through the body; the trembling response itself; often associated with illness: fevers and chills, or susceptibility to illness.
froid frisson
An uncomfortable and numbing sense of fear, dread, anxiety, or alarm, often one that is sudden and usually accompanied by a trembling nerve response resembling the body's response to biting cold.

chill /t͡ʃɪl/ v
se relaxer
(transitive) To lower the temperature of something; to cool.
prendre du bon temps se détendre se relaxer se reposer
(intransitive, slang) To relax; to lie back.

chill out v
se calmer se détendre se relaxer
(intransitive, slang) To relax or take time out; to calm down.

chillax /t͡ʃɪˈlæks/ v
se détendre
(intransitive, slang) To relax; to be laid back.
se calmer
(intransitive, slang) To calm down.
(intransitive, slang) To behave.

chilled /t͡ʃɪld/ more chilled most chilled adj
transi
Cooled.

chilling /ˈt͡ʃɪlɪŋ/ more chilling most chilling adj
effrayant
Causing mild fear.

chilly /ˈt͡ʃɪli/ chillier chilliest adj
froid
Cold enough to cause discomfort.

chime /tʃaɪm/ chimes n
carillon
(musical instruments) A musical instrument producing a sound when struck, similar to a bell (e.g. a tubular metal bar) or actually a bell. Often used in the plural to refer to the set: the chimes.

chime /tʃaɪm/ v
carillonner
(intransitive) To make the sound of a chime.
(transitive) To cause to sound in harmony; to play a tune, as upon a set of bells; to move or strike in harmony.

chimera /kaɪˈmɪɹə/ /kəˈmɪɹə/ /kɪˈmɪəɹə/ /kʌɪˈmɪəɹə/ chimeras n
chimère
(figurative) A foolish, incongruous, or vain thought or product of the imagination.
(genetics) An organism with genetically distinct cells originating from two or more zygotes.
(zoology) , a cartilaginous marine fish in the subclass Holocephali and especially the order Chimaeriformes, with a blunt snout, long tail, and a spine before the first dorsal fin.

chimerical /kaɪ-/ /kɪˈmɛɹɪkəl/ more chimerical most chimerical adj
chimérique
Of or pertaining to a chimera.
(genetics) Resulting from the expression of two or more genes that originally coded for separate proteins.

chimney /ˈt͡ʃɪmni/ /ˈt͡ʃɪməni/ chimneys chimnies n
cheminée
A vertical tube or hollow column used to emit environmentally polluting gaseous and solid matter (including but not limited to by-products of burning carbon- or hydrocarbon-based fuels); a flue.
(British) The smokestack of a steam locomotive.

chimney fire chimney fires n
feu de cheminée

chimney pot chimney pots n
tuyau de cheminée
A short earthenware pipe, placed on top of a chimney to improve the draft.

chimney sweep chimney sweeps n
ramoneur ramoneuse
A person whose job is to clean soot from chimneys.

chimney swift chimney swifts n
martinet ramoneur
A rapid-flying bird that feeds on flying insects, Chaetura pelagica, with a breeding range in the eastern US extending into Canada and winter range in northwestern South America.

chimpanzee /t͡ʃɪmˈpæn.zi/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pænˈziː/ /ˌt͡ʃɪm.pənˈziː/ chimpanzees n
chimpanzé
Pan troglodytes, a species of great ape in the genus Pan, native to Africa, and believed by biologists to be the closest extant relative to humans along with the bonobo.
(broadly) A member of the genus Pan, including the bonobo which was formerly known as the pygmy chimpanzee.

chin /t͡ʃɪn/ chins n
menton
The bottom of a face, (specifically) the typically jutting jawline below the mouth.

chin up phraseologicalUnit
courage haut les cœurs
(colloquial) Be happy; cheer up.

chinchilla /t͡ʃɪnˈt͡ʃɪlə/ chinchillas n
chinchilla
(countable) Either of two small, crepuscular rodents of the genus Chinchilla, native to the Andes, prized for their very soft fur and often kept as pets.
(uncountable) The fur of a chinchilla, used for clothing.

chinois chinoises n
chinois
(cooking) A fine-meshed conical strainer.

chinoiserie /ʃiːnwɑːzəˈɹiː/ chinoiseries n
chinoiserie
(arts) A style in art, or an artistic object, that reflects the influence of Chinese art.

chinrest chinrests n
mentonnière
(music, lutherie) A shaped piece of wood, plastic, etc. attached to the body of a violin or viola to aid in the positioning of the player's chin against on the instrument.

chinstrap penguin chinstrap penguins n
manchot à jugulaire
A species of penguin, Pygoscelis antarcticus, with a distinctive black strip under the head.

chintz /t͡ʃɪnts/ chintzes n
chintz
A painted or stained calico fabric, originally produced in India, and known for its brightly colored designs.

chintzy /ˈt͡ʃɪnt.si/ chintzier chintziest adj
voyant
(figuratively) Tastelessly showy; cheap, gaudy, or tacky.

chip /t͡ʃɪp/ chips n
brisure fragment
A small piece broken from a larger piece of solid material.
coche ébréchure
A damaged area of a surface where a small piece has been broken off.
puce électronique puce
(electronics) A circuit fabricated in one piece on a small, thin substrate; a microchip.
chips croustille
(US, Canada, Australia, and, New Zealand, especially, in the plural) A thin, crisp, fried slice of potato, a crisp; occasionally a similar fried slice of another vegetable or dried fruit.

chip /t͡ʃɪp/ v
briser
(transitive) To chop or cut into small pieces.
cocher
(transitive) To break small pieces from.

chip leader chip leaders n
chip leader

chip log chip logs n
loch à plateau
(nautical) A simple device for measuring the speed of a vessel, consisting of a wooden board (drag) attached to a line on a reel.

chip shop chip shops n
friterie pataterie
(British, Ireland) A fast food outlet which sells fish and chips.

chip wagon chip wagons n
roulotte à patate

chipboard chipboards n
aggloméré
(Australia, UK) A building material made from wood chips compressed and bound with synthetic resin.

chipmunk /ˈt͡ʃɪp.mʌŋk/ chipmunks n
suisse tamia
A squirrel-like rodent of the genus Tamias, native mainly to North America.

chipolata /ˌt͡ʃɪpəˈlɑːtə/ chipolatas n
chipolata
A type of sausage from Europe, typically of seasoned coarsely ground pork.

chipper /ˈtʃɪpə/ /ˈt͡ʃɪpɚ/ chippers n
broyeur hache-paille
(in particular, US) A machine that reduces organic matter to compost; depending on size, whole tree trunks are reduced to sawdust; a woodchipper.

chiral /ˈkaɪɹəl/ adj
chiral
that exhibits chirality (as in the left-handed and right-handed versions of a helix)

chirality /kaɪˈɹælɪti/ chiralities n
chiralité
The phenomenon, in chemistry, physics and mathematics, in which objects are mirror images of each other, but are otherwise identical; handedness

chirograph chirographs n
chirographe charte-partie

chiropractor /ˈkaɪ.ɹəˌpɹæk.tə(ɹ)/ chiropractors n
chiropraticien chiropraticienne chiropracteur chiropractrice
A health-care practitioner who specializes in chiropractic, the hands on or hand-held instrumental movement of the bone structure of the body to improve the function of the joints or nervous system.

chiropterologist /kaɪˌɹɑptəˈɹɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /kaɪˌɹɒptəˈɹɒlədʒɪst/ chiropterologists n
chiroptérologue
Someone who studies bats (the flying mammals).

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ chirps n
craquètement piaillement pépiement stridulation
A short, sharp or high note or noise, as of a bird or insect.

chirp /t͡ʃɘːp/ /t͡ʃɚp/ /t͡ʃɜːp/ v
gazouiller piailler pépier
(intransitive) To make a short, sharp, cheerful note, as of small birds or crickets.
craqueter striduler
(Canada) To speak rapid insulting comical banter back and forth.

chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ chisels n
ciseau burin
A cutting tool used to remove parts of stone, wood or metal by pushing or pounding the back when the sharp edge is against the material. It consists of a slim, oblong block of metal with a sharp wedge or bevel formed on one end and sometimes a handle at the other end.

chisel /ˈt͡ʃɪzəl/ v
ciseler
(intransitive) To use a chisel.
(transitive) To work something with a chisel.

chiseler chiselers n
ciseleur
One who uses a chisel for carving.

chit /t͡ʃɪt/ chits n
départoir
A small tool used in cleaving laths. Compare: froe.

chit /t͡ʃɪt/ v
piquer
(transitive, British, dialect) To initiate sprouting of tubers, such as potatoes, by placing them in special environment, before planting into the soil.

chit-chat chit-chats n
bavardage blabla causette parlotte
Gossip.

chit-chat v
blablater parler de la pluie et du beau temps parler de tout et de rien tailler une bavette
(intransitive) To engage in small talk, to discuss unimportant matters.

chitin /ˈkaɪtɪn/ chitins n
chitine
(carbohydrate) A complex polysaccharide, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and in the cell walls of fungi; thought to be responsible for some forms of asthma in humans.

chiton /ˈkaɪtn̩/ /ˈkaɪtɑn/ /ˈkaɪtɒn/ chitons n
chiton
(historical) A loose woolen tunic worn by men and women in Ancient Greece.
Any of various rock-clinging marine molluscs of the class Polyplacophora, including the genus Chiton.

chitosan chitosans n
chitosane
(carbohydrate) An oligosaccharide derived from chitin, sometimes used in the absorption of fat

chitterlings /ˈt͡ʃɪ.tɚ.lɪŋz/ /ˈt͡ʃɪt.lɪnz/ [tʃɪːlɪnz] [ˈtʃɪt.lɪnz] [ˈt͡ʃɪ.ɾɚ.lɪŋz] n
tripes de porc
Large intestine, cleaned and defatted, usually of a pig. Sometimes prepared with hog maws.

chivalrous /ˈt͡ʃɪv.əl.ɹəs/ /ˈʃɪv.əl.ɹəs/ more chivalrous most chivalrous adj
galant chevaleresque
(of a man) Honourable, especially to women; gallant.
chevaleresque galant
involving chivalry.

chivalrously more chivalrously most chivalrously adv
chevaleresquement

chivalry /ˈt͡ʃɪvəlɹi/ /ˈʃɪvəlɹi/ chivalries n
chevalerie
The ethical code of the knight prevalent in Medieval Europe, having such primary virtues as mercy towards the poor and oppressed, humility, honour, sacrifice, fear of God, faithfulness, courage and courtesy to ladies.
galanterie
Courteous behaviour, especially that of men towards women.

chive /t͡ʃaɪv/ chives n
ciboulette cive
A perennial plant, Allium schoenoprasum, related to the onion.
ciboulette
(in the plural) The leaves of this plant used as a herb.

chlamydia /kləˈmɪd.i.ə/ chlamydiae chlamydias n
chlamydia
(uncountable) Any of several common, often asymptomatic, sexually transmitted diseases caused by the microorganism Chlamydia trachomatis.

chlamydiosis n
chlamydiase

chlamys /ˈklamɪs/ /ˈklæmɪs/ chlamydes chlamyses n
chlamyde
(historical) A short poncho-like cloak caught up on the shoulder, worn by hunters, soldiers, and horsemen in Ancient Greece.

chlorargyrite n
chlorargyrite
(mineral) The mineral form of silver chloride.

chlorate chlorates n
chlorate
(chemistry) Any salt of chloric acid.

chloremia n
chlorémie
(pathology) The presence of chloride in the bloodstream

chlorhexidine n
chlorhexidine

chloric acid n
acide chlorique
(chemistry) a strong acid, HClO3, known only in solution and as its chlorate salts; a powerful oxidizing agent

chloride /ˈklɔɹˌaɪd/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪd/ chlorides n
chlorure
(chemistry) any salt of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride, or any binary compound of chlorine and another element or radical

chlorinate /ˈklɒ.ɹɪ.neɪt/ v
chlorer
(transitive, chemistry) To add chlorine to (something, especially water, to purify it; or an auriferous substance, to extract gold from it).

chlorine /ˈklɔɹin/ /ˈklɔːɹiːn/ chlorines n
chlore
A toxic, green, gaseous chemical element (symbol Cl) with an atomic number of 17.

chlorite /ˈklɔɹˌaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹaɪt/ /ˈklɔːˌɹʌɪt/ chlorites n
chlorite
(mineral) A dark green mineral resembling serpentine, being a mixed silicate of magnesium, iron and aluminium.
(chemistry, countable) Any salt of chlorous acid.

chloro- prefix
chloro-
(chemistry) Containing chlorine.

chloroauric adj
chloraurique
(inorganic chemistry) Of or pertaining to chloroauric acid

chlorocruorin n
chlorocruorine
(biochemistry, organic compound) A green respiratory pigment found in many annelids.

chlorofluorocarbon chlorofluorocarbons n
chlorofluorocarbure
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced with those of chlorine and fluorine; formerly used as refrigerants and aerosol can propellants but withdrawn due to causing damage to the ozone layer.

chloroform /ˈklɔːɹə(ʊ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ n
chloroforme
(organic compound) A halogenated hydrocarbon, trichloromethane, CHCl3; it is a volatile, sweet-smelling liquid, used extensively as a solvent and formerly as an anesthetic.

chloroform /ˈklɔːɹə(ʊ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ v
chloroformer
To treat with chloroform, or to render unconscious with chloroform.

chlorogenic adj
chlorogénique
Of or pertaining to chlorogenic acids or their derivatives

chloroma chloromas chloromata n
chlorome
(oncology) A myeloid sarcoma, often green in tint.

chlorophyll /ˈklɒɹ.ə.fɪl/ /ˈklɔɹ.ə.fɪl/ /ˈklɔː.ɹə.fɪl/ chlorophylls n
chlorophylle
(biochemistry) Any of a group of green pigments that are found in the chloroplasts of plants and in other photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria.

chlorophyllic more chlorophyllic most chlorophyllic adj
chlorophyllien
(biochemistry) Of, pertaining to, resembling or derived from chlorophyll

chloroplast /ˈklɔːrəʊˌplæst/ chloroplasts n
chloroplaste
(cytology) An organelle, found in the cells of green plants and in photosynthetic algae, where photosynthesis takes place, characterized by a high concentration of chlorophyll and two membranes.

chloroquine /-kwɪn/ /ˈklɒ.ɹə(ʊ).kwiːn/ /ˈklɔɹ.əˌkwin/ /ˈklɔɹ.əˌkwɪn/ /ˈklɔː.ɹə(ʊ).kwiːn/ chloroquines n
chloroquine
(pharmaceutical drug) A 4-aminoquinoline drug used to treat and prevent malaria, having the chemical formula C18H26ClN3.

chlorosis chloroses n
chlorose
(pathology, countable) An anaemia, due to deficiency of iron, characterized by a yellow-green colouration of the skin; greensickness.

chlorotic more chlorotic most chlorotic adj
chlorotique
Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with chlorosis, anaemic.

choana /ˈkoʊ.ən.ə/ choanae n
choane

chock /tʃɒk/ /t͡ʃɑk/ adv
carrément en plein

chock /tʃɒk/ /t͡ʃɑk/ chocks n
coinceur
Any object used as a wedge or filler, especially when placed behind a wheel to prevent it from rolling.
remplissage tin
(nautical) Any fitting or fixture used to restrict movement, especially movement of a line; traditionally was a fixture near a bulwark with two horns pointing towards each other, with a gap between where the line can be inserted.

chock full /ˌtʃɒk ˈfʊl/ more chock full most chock full adj
bourré plein à craquer
(informal) Containing the maximum amount possible, flush on all sides, jam-packed, crammed.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ more chocolate most chocolate adj
au chocolat chocolaté de chocolat
Made of or containing chocolate.
chocolat
Having a dark reddish-brown colour/color.

chocolate /t͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɑk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɒk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lət/ /ˈt͡ʃɔk(ə)lɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɔːk(ə)lət/ chocolates n
chocolat
(mostly, uncountable) A food made from ground roasted cocoa beans.
(uncountable) A dark, reddish-brown colour/color, like that of chocolate (also called chocolate brown).
chocolat praline
(countable) A single, small piece of confectionery made from chocolate.

chocolate bar chocolate bars n
tablette de chocolat
A flat slab of chocolate, usually oblong in shape, which can be broken into smaller segments when being eaten, either solid or with a filling such as nuts or caramel.

chocolate cake chocolate cakes n
gâteau au chocolat
A cake flavored with melted chocolate or chocolate powder.

chocolate chip chocolate chips n
pépite de chocolat
A small, usually near-conical piece of chocolate.

chocolate milk /ˈt͡ʃɑkɫɪtmɪɫk/ /ˌt͡ʃɑkɫɪtˈmɪɫk/ chocolate milks n
chocolat au lait
A sweetened cocoa-flavored drink, typically created by mixing chocolate syrup or chocolate powder with milk, and typically served cold.

chocolate truffle chocolate truffles n
truffe en chocolat
A confection having a center of ganache and an outer coating of powdered cocoa or chocolate.

chocolatier chocolatiers n
chocolatier
A producer of chocolate.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choicer choicest more choice most choice adj
de choix
Especially good or preferred.

choice /t͡ʃɔɪs/ choices n
choix
One selection or preference; that which is chosen or decided; the outcome of a decision.
Anything that can be chosen.
morceau de choix
(usually, with the) The best or most preferable part.

choir /kwaɪə(ɹ)/ /kwaɪɚ/ choirs n
chœur chorale
A group of people who sing together; a company of people who are trained to sing together.
(architecture) The part of a church where the choir assembles for song.
chœur classe
(Christian angelology) One of the nine ranks or orders of angels.

choir school choir schools n
manécanterie

choirboy choirboys n
enfant de chœur
(figurative) A piously innocent person.

choirmaster choirmasters n
cantor chef de chœur
the musical director of a choir, who conducts performances and supervises rehearsal

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ chokes n
starter
A control on a carburetor to adjust the air/fuel mixture when the engine is cold.
mainmise
(sports) In wrestling, karate (etc.), a type of hold that can result in strangulation.
réduit
A constriction at the muzzle end of a shotgun barrel which affects the spread of the shot.

choke /t͡ʃoʊk/ /t͡ʃəʊk/ v
suffoquer étouffer
(intransitive) To be unable to breathe because of obstruction of the windpipe (for instance food or other objects that go down the wrong way, or fumes or particles in the air that cause the throat to constrict).
étouffer juguler
(transitive) To prevent (someone) from breathing or talking by strangling or filling the windpipe.

choke collar choke collars n
chaîne d’étranglement
A dog's collar which tightens itself so as to choke the dog, when it pulls the leash. Used especially for training. W

choke down v
s’étouffer
(transitive) to swallow with difficulty

choke pear choke pears n
poire d'angoisse
A metal torture device to be inserted into the body, consisting of a usually pear-shaped piece divided into spoon-like segments that can be spread apart by turning a screw.

chokehold /ˈt͡ʃoʊkˌhoʊld/ chokeholds n
clé de tête
(martial arts, wrestling) A grappling hold around the neck that cuts off the flow of air to the brain.

choker /ˈtʃəʊkə/ /ˈt͡ʃoʊkɚ/ chokers n
ras-de-cou
(fashion) A piece of jewelry or ornamental fabric, worn as a necklace or neckerchief, tight to the throat.

cholecystectomy cholecystectomies n
cholécystectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove the gall bladder

cholecystitis cholecystites cholecystitides n
cholécystite
(disease) An inflammation of the gall bladder.

choledochal adj
cholédoque
Related to the common bile duct.

cholera /ˈkɑləɹə/ /ˈkɒləɹə/ choleras n
choléra
(pathology) Any of several acute infectious diseases of humans and domestic animals, caused by certain strains of the Vibrio cholerae bacterium through ingestion of contaminated water or food, usually marked by severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, and dehydration.

choleraic /ˌkɒl.əˈɹeɪ.ɪk/ more choleraic most choleraic adj
cholérique
Relating to, or resembling, cholera.

cholerine n
cholérine
(pathology) Minor diarrhea that happens during outbreaks of cholera.

cholesteric more cholesteric most cholesteric adj
cholestérique
(physics) Of or relating to the chiral nematic phase of some liquid crystals in which the molecules are arranged in parallel planes with adjacent planes rotated slightly

cholesterol /kəˈlɛstəɹɒl/ /kəˈlɛstɹɒl/ cholesterols n
cholestérol
(biochemistry) A sterol lipid synthesized by the liver and transported in the bloodstream to the membranes of all animal cells; it plays a central role in many biochemical processes and, as a lipoprotein that coats the walls of blood vessels, is associated with cardiovascular disease.

cholesterolemia cholesterolemias n
cholestérolémie
(medicine) The presence of cholesterol in the blood

choline /ˈkoʊliːn/ cholines n
choline
(organic compound) A hydroxy quaternary ammonium compound with formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX−. It is an essential nutrient for cardiovascular and brain health and for cell membrane formation.

cholinergic more cholinergic most cholinergic adj
cholinergique
(biochemistry) Of, pertaining to, activated by, producing or having the same function as acetylcholine.

cholinesterase cholinesterases n
cholinestérase
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of choline-based esters (acetylcholine or butyrylcholine).

chondrite /ˈkɒndɹaɪt/ chondrites n
chondrite
A meteorite consisting of rock containing chondrules.

chondroblast chondroblasts n
chondroblaste
A cell which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes.

chondrocyte chondrocytes n
chondrocyte
(biology) A cell that makes up the tissue of cartilage.

chondroma chondromas chondromata n
chondrome
(medicine) A benign tumour formed from cartilage cells

chondrosarcoma chondrosarcomas chondrosarcomata n
chondrosarcome
(oncology) A type of bone cancer, a cartilage-based tumour.

chondrule /ˈkɒndɹuːl/ chondrules n
chondre
A small, round granule, formed from molten rock, found in chondritic meteorites.

choo-choo choo-choos n
tchou-tchou
(childish) The sound made by a steam locomotive or ship.

choose /t͡ʃuːz/ v
choisir élire
To pick; to make the choice of; to select.
décider choisir
To decide to act in a certain way.

choosy choosier choosiest adj
difficile exigeant faire la fine bouche sélectif
Taking care when choosing that what is chosen best suits one's tastes, desires or requirements.

chop /t͡ʃɑp/ /t͡ʃɒp/ chops n
coup de hache
côtelette égalité
A cut of meat, often containing a section of a rib.
atemi
(martial arts) A blow delivered with the hand rigid and outstretched.
égalité
(poker) A hand where two or more players have an equal-valued hand, resulting in the chips being shared equally between them.

chop /t͡ʃɑp/ /t͡ʃɒp/ v
hacher couper découper
(transitive) To cut into pieces with short, vigorous cutting motions.

chop suey chop sueys n
chop suey
(US, Philippines) A stir-fried vegetable dish, served with pieces of beef or pork in a semi-thick sauce, and often soy sauce.
(Canada, and, British) Steamed bean sprouts served in a semi-thick sauce, and mixed with a choice of meat and/or vegetables.

chop-chop interjection
coucher magner se dépêcher se grouiller vite
Used to urge someone to do something quickly.

chopped liver /ˈt͡ʃɑpt ˌlɪvɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɒpt ˌlɪvə/ n
moins-que-rien
(idiomatic, humorous, informal) A person or object not worthy of being noticed; someone or something insignificant.

chopper /ˈtʃɒp.ə/ /ˈtʃɔp.ə/ /ˈt͡ʃɑ.pɚ/ choppers n
banane hélico
(informal) A helicopter.
hachoir
A knife for chopping food, especially one with a large oblong blade.
hacheur
(electronics) Any of various electronic switches used to interrupt one signal under the control of another.
galet aménagé
(archaeology) A crude tool with an irregular cutting edge formed by removing flakes from one side of a stone.
zob
(slang) The penis.

chopping board chopping boards n
planche à découper planche à hacher
A sturdy board, used for cutting and preparing food.

choppy /ˈt͡ʃɒ.pi/ choppier choppiest adj
haché saccadé
(of the surface of water) Having many small, rough waves.

chopstick chopsticks n
baguette
(usually, in the plural) An East Asian eating utensil usually used as a pair and held in one hand to grip pieces of food or occasionally to mix liquids or scoop up small pieces of food. The utensil is a stick, usually made of wood and measuring approximately 23cm (10 inches) in length.

chopstick rest chopstick rests n
porte-baguettes repose-baguettes
A small ornament on which a pair of chopsticks may be placed to prevent them from becoming contaminated or rolling off the table.

choral /ˈkɔɹəl/ /ˈkɔːɹəl/ adj
choral
Of, relating to, written for, or performed by a choir or a chorus.

chorale /kɔːˈɹɑːl/ chorales n
choral
(Christianity) A form of Lutheran or Protestant hymn tune.
chorale
(music, religion) A chorus or choir.

chord /kɔɹd/ /kɔː(ɹ)d/ chords n
accord
(music) A harmonic set of three or more notes that is heard as if sounding simultaneously.
corde
(rail) A section of subsidiary railway track that interconnects two primary tracks that cross at different levels, to permit traffic to flow between them.

chord progression chord progressions n
grille d'accords
(music) A pattern of two or more chords, often chords diatonic to a particular key.

chordal adj
cordal
(graph theory) For a graph, in which all cycles of four or more vertices have a chord.

chordate /ˈkɔːdeɪt/ /ˈkɔːɹdeɪt/ chordates n
chordé
A member of the phylum Chordata; numerous animals having a notochord at some stage of their development; in vertebrates this develops into the spine.

chordophone chordophones n
instrument à cordes
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound from one or more vibrating strings; a string instrument.

chore /t͡ʃo(ː)ɹ/ /t͡ʃoə/ /t͡ʃɔɹ/ /t͡ʃɔː/ chores n
corvée tâche
A task, especially a difficult, unpleasant, or routine one.

choreographer choreographers n
chorégraphe
A person who choreographs.

choreographically more choreographically most choreographically adv
chorégraphiquement
as if choreographed.
with reference to choreography

choreography /ˌkɒɹiˌɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌkɔɹiˌɑɡɹəfi/ choreographies n
chorégraphie
(by extension) The art of creating and arranging sequences of movement for performances of any kind, such as in fight choreography.
(uncountable) The art of creating, arranging and recording the dance movements of a work, such as a ballet.
The representation of these movements by a series of symbols.

chorepiscopal adj
chorépiscopal

chorepiscopus chorepiscopi chorepiscopuses n
chorévêque

chorion /ˈkɔɹiɑn/ choria chorions n
chorion
(anatomy, biology) The protective and nutritive membrane in higher vertebrates that attaches the fetus to the uterus.
(biology, entomology) The outer case of an insect egg.
(botany) The outer membrane of seeds of plants.

chorister /ˈkwæɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɒɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkwɪɹɪstəɹ/ /ˈkɒɹɪstə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔɹɪstɚ/ choristers n
chœureur chœureuse
A singer in a choir.

chorizo /tʃəˈɹisoʊ/ /t͡ʃoʊˈɹisoʊ/ /t͡ʃoʊˈɹiθoʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiː.zəʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiːsəʊ/ /t͡ʃɒˈɹiːθəʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹi.tsəʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹi.zoʊ/ /t͡ʃəˈɹɪtsəʊ/ chorizos n
chorizo
A spicy Spanish sausage flavoured with paprika, often crumbled for use in filling tacos, quesadillas, etc.

chorographic adj
chorographique
Relating to chorography.

chorography chorographies n
chorographie

choroid /ˈkɒɹ.ɔɪd/ /ˈkɔɹˌɔɪd/ /ˈkɔː.ɹɔɪd/ choroids n
choroïde
(anatomy) The pigmented vascular layer of the eyeball between the retina and the sclera.

choronym choronyms n
choronyme
A type of toponym representing the name of a region, country or any other territory.

chorten chortens n
chörten
(Buddhism) A Tibetan stupa.

chortle /ˈt͡ʃɔɹtəl/ [ˈt͡ʃɔɹɾɫ̩] chortles n
gloussement
A joyful, somewhat muffled laugh, rather like a snorting chuckle.

chortle /ˈt͡ʃɔɹtəl/ [ˈt͡ʃɔɹɾɫ̩] v
glousser
(intransitive) To laugh with a chortle or chortles.

chorus /ˈkɔɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔɹəs/ /ˈkɔːɹaɪ/ /ˈkɔːɹəs/ chori choruses chorusses n
chœur chœur antique
A group of singers and dancers in a theatrical performance or religious festival who commented on the main performance in speech or song.
chœur chorale
A group of singers performing together; a choir; specifically, such a group singing together in a musical, an opera, etc., as distinct from the soloists; an ensemble.
refrain
A part of a song which is repeated between verses to emphasize the song's content; a refrain.

chorus line chorus lines n
corps de ballet
A line of performers in a revue or other show, dancing in unison.

chosen one chosen ones n
l'élu l'élue
(authorship, informal) A character in a narrative work who is predestined to save the world or do some other grand and heroic accomplishment; one who is predestined to become the one

chough /t͡ʃʌf/ choughs n
crave
Either of two species of bird of the genus Pyrrhocorax in the crow family Corvidae that breed mainly in high mountains and on coastal sea cliffs of Eurasia.

choux pastry /ʃuː ˈpeɪstɹi/ choux pastries n
pâte à choux
A type of light pastry (made just from butter, water, flour and eggs) that is used to make profiteroles, éclairs, chouquettes, etc.

chow /t͡ʃaʊ/ chows n
bouffe

chow down v
becqueter gueuletonner
(idiomatic) To eat, especially to eat vigorously.

chowchow chowchows n
chow chow
A fruit ketchup

chowder /ˈt͡ʃaʊdɚ/ chowders n
chaudrée
A thick, creamy soup or stew.

chrematistics n
chrématistique
The study of wealth.

chresmologue chresmologues n
chresmologe
A compiler of oracles.

chrestomathy /kɹɛˈstɒməθi/ chrestomathies n
chrestomathie
A collection of written passages, used to learn an unfamiliar language.

chrism /ˈkɹɪz(ə)m/ chrisms n
chrême
A mixture of oil and balm, consecrated for use as an anointing fluid in certain Christian ceremonies, especially confirmation.

christen /ˈkɹɪsən/ v
baptiser
(transitive) To perform the religious act of baptism upon; to baptize.
baptiser nommer
(transitive, by extension) To name.

chromakey chromakeys n
incrustation
(television, cinema) The use of a particular color, usually either green or blue) as a key in a studio in order to allow one image to be seamlessly partially superimposed upon another.

chromatic /kɹoʊˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɹəʊˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɹəˈmæt ɪk/ /kɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more chromatic most chromatic adj
chromatique
Relating to or using notes not belonging to the diatonic scale of the key in which a passage of music is written.

chromatic aberration /kɹoʊˈmæ.tɪk ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ /kɹəˈmæ.tɪk ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ chromatic aberrations n
aberration chromatique
(optics) An optical aberration in which an image has coloured fringes, caused by differential refraction of light of different wavelengths.

chromatic scale chromatic scales n
échelle chromatique
(music) A scale including all intervals of a particular tuning within an octave.

chromaticity chromaticities n
chromaticité
An objective specification of the quality of a colour, regardless of its luminance.

chromatin /ˈkɹəʊmətɪn/ chromatins n
chromatine
(biology) A complex of DNA, RNA and proteins within the cell nucleus out of which chromosomes condense during cell division.

chromatographic adj
chromatographique
(analytical chemistry) Of or pertaining to chromatography.

chromatography /ˌkɹəʊ.məˈtɒɡɹə.fi/ chromatographies n
chromatographie
(analytical chemistry) Any of various techniques for the qualitative or quantitative separation of the components of mixtures of compounds; all characterised by the use of a mobile phase (gas or liquid) moving relative to a stationary phase (liquid or solid) – the differences between the rates of migration of the compounds between the two phases effects the separation.

chromatophore chromatophores n
chromatophore
A pigment-bearing cell or structure found in certain fish, reptiles, cephalopods, and other animals

chrome /kɹoʊm/ /kɹəʊm/ v
chromer
(transitive) To plate with chrome.

chromite chromites n
chromite
(mineral) A dark brown mineral species with the formula FeCr2O4.

chromium /ˈkɹoʊ.mi.əm/ chromiums n
chrome
A chemical element (symbol Cr) with an atomic number of 24: a steely-grey, lustrous, hard and brittle transition metal.

chromodacryorrhea n
chromodacryorrhée
red lacrimal secretion, typically in rats (the production of so-called "bloody tears")

chromophilic more chromophilic most chromophilic adj
chromophile

chromosomal adj
chromosomique
Of or relating to chromosomes.

chromosome /ˈkɹoʊməˌsoʊm/ /ˈkɹoʊməˌzoʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌsəʊm/ /ˈkɹəʊ.məˌzəʊn/ chromosomes n
chromosome
(cytology, genetics) A linear arrangement of condensed DNA and associated proteins (such as chaperone proteins) which contains the genetic material (genome) of an organism.

chromosphere chromospheres n
chromosphère
(star) The faint pink extension of a star's atmospheric envelope between the corona and the photosphere

chromotypography n
chromotypographie

chroneme chronemes n
chronème
A basic, theoretical unit of sound that can distinguish words by duration only of a vowel or consonant.

chronic /ˈkɹɒnɪk/ more chronic most chronic adj
chronique
Of a problem, that continues over an extended period of time.
(medicine) Prolonged or slow to heal.
Of a person, suffering from an affliction that is prolonged or slow to heal.
Inveterate or habitual.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases n
bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique
(pathology) Any of a group of diseases characterized by the pathological limitation of airflow in the airway that is not fully reversible. May be caused by reactive airways, chronic infection, congenital defects, or, most commonly, cigarette smoking. Generally does not include neoplasms, which could also obstruct airways.

chronicity /kɹɑˈnɪsɪti/ /kɹɒˈnɪsɪti/ chronicities n
chronicité
The condition of being chronic.

chronicle /ˈkrɑnɪkl̩/ /ˈkɹɒnɪkəl/ chronicles n
chronique
A written account of events and when they happened, ordered by time.

chronicler chroniclers n
chroniqueur
A person who writes a chronicle or chronicles.

chrono- prefix
chrono-
time

chronoception /ˌkɹoʊ-/ /ˌkɹɑnoʊˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɹɒnəʊˈsɛpʃn̩/ /ˌkɹəʊ-/ n
perception du temps
(physiology) The perception or sense of time.

chronogram chronograms n
chronogramme
A sentence or inscription whose letters, when interpreted according to a system (such as Roman numerals) in which letters correspond to numeric values, stand for a particular date (usually the date of inscription) when rearranged.

chronograph /-ɡɹæf/ /ˈkɹoʊ-/ /ˈkɹɑnəˌɡɹæf/ /ˈkɹɒnəɡɹɑːf/ /ˈkɹəʊ-/ chronographs n
chronographe
A device which marks or records time or time intervals.

chronokinesis n
chronokinésie

chronological /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more chronological most chronological adj
chronologique
In order of time from the earliest to the latest.

chronologically /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkli/ /ˌkɹɒnəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ more chronologically most chronologically adv
chronologiquement
(manner) In a chronological manner; with reference to time.

chronologist /kɹəˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ chronologists n
chronologiste
A person skilled in chronology.

chronology /kɹəˈnɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /kɹəˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ chronologies n
chronologie
(uncountable) The science of determining the order in which events occurred.
(countable) An arrangement of events into chronological order; called a timeline when involving graphical elements.

chronometer /kɹəˈnɑ.mə.tɚ/ /kɹəˈnɒm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ /kɹəˈnɔm.ə.tə(ɹ)/ [kɹəˈnɑ.mə.ɾɚ] chronometers n
chronomètre chronoscope
A device for measuring time, particularly a precision mechanism for measuring time of day.

chrononym chrononyms n
chrononyme
(semiotics) A term for a specific period of time, such as "summer" or "week."

chronophobia n
chronophobie
Fear of the passing of time, or more generally of time itself.

chronophotography n
chronophotographie
(photography) An antique photographic technique from the Victorian era which captures movement in several frames of print.

chronopsychology n
chronopsychologie

chronospecies chronospecies n
chrono-espèce
A group of one or more species derived from a sequential development pattern which involves continual and uniform changes from an extinct ancestral form on an evolutionary scale.

chronourbanism n
chronourbanisme

chrysalis /ˈkɹɪsəlɪs/ chrysalides chrysalises chrysalisses n
chrysalide
The pupa of a butterfly or moth, enclosed inside a cocoon, in which metamorphosis takes place.

chrysanthemum /krɪˈsænθəməm/ chrysanthema chrysanthemums n
chrysanthème
Any of many flowering perennial plants, of the genus Chrysanthemum, native to China, that have showy radiate heads.

chryselephantine /kɹɪsɛlɪˈfæntɪn/ adj
chryséléphantin
Made of gold and ivory.

chrysene chrysenes n
chrysène

chrysoberyl /ˈkɹɪs.ə(ʊ)ˌbɛɹ.ɪl/ /ˈkɹɪs.əˌbɛɹ.əl/ chrysoberyls n
chrysobéryl
(mineral) A vitreous mineral, often pale green, a mixed oxide of aluminium and beryllium with the chemical formula BeAl2O4, used as a gemstone.

chrysography n
chrysographie
The use of gold lettering in manuscripts

chrysolite /ˈkɹɪs.əˌlaɪt/ chrysolites n
chrysolite chrysolithe
(mineral) Originally, any of various green-coloured gems; later specifically peridot.

chrysoprase chrysoprases n
chrysoprase
(mineral) A variety of light-green translucent quartz.

chrysotherapy chrysotherapies n
chrysothérapie
(medicine) The therapeutic use of gold (metallic or compounds).

chthonian /ˈkθoʊni.ən/ /ˈkθəʊnɪən/ /ˈθəʊnɪən/ /ˈθʊni.ən/ more chthonian most chthonian adj
chthonien
Pertaining to the underworld; being beneath the earth.

chthonic /ˈkθɒnɪk/ /ˈθɑnɪk/ more chthonic most chthonic adj
chthonien
Dwelling within or under the earth. [from late 18th c.]

chub /t͡ʃʌb/ chub chubs n
chevesne chevaine
A European chub (Squalius cephalus, syn. Leuciscus cephalus)

chubby /ˈt͡ʃʌbi/ chubbier chubbiest adj
potelé dodu
Of a person: slightly overweight, somewhat fat, and hence plump, rounded, and soft.
Of a body part: containing a moderate amount of fat.

chubby /ˈt͡ʃʌbi/ chubbies n
dodu
A chubby, plump person

chuchotage /ʃu.ʃoʊˈtɑʒ/ /ʃu.ʃəʊˈtɑːʒ/ n
chuchotage
The interpretation or translation of speech in a whisper to a single person in proximity to other people.

chuck /t͡ʃʌk/ chucks n
mandrin
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device that holds an object firmly in place, for example holding a drill bit in a high-speed rotating drill or grinder.

chuck /t͡ʃʌk/ v
vomir
(South Africa, slang, intransitive) To leave; to depart; to bounce.

chuckle /ˈt͡ʃʌkəl/ chuckles n
ricanement ricanerie
A quiet laugh.

chuckle /ˈt͡ʃʌkəl/ v
ricaner
To laugh quietly or inwardly.
glousser
(intransitive, archaic) To make the sound of a chicken; to cluck.

chufa chufas n
souchet
Cyperus esculentus, a species of sedge native to warm temperate to subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere having small edible tubers (tiger nuts).

chuff /t͡ʃʌf/ chuffs n
glandu mou du bulbe
A coarse or stupid fellow.

chuffed /ˈtʃʌft/ more chuffed most chuffed adj
ravi
(UK, Ireland, informal) Very pleased or satisfied; delighted.

chug /t͡ʃʌɡ/ chugs n
rugissement vrombissement
A dull, fairly quick explosive or percussive sound, as if made by a labouring engine.

chug /t͡ʃʌɡ/ v
boire cul sec caler
(transitive, colloquial) To drink a large amount (especially of beer) in a single action/without breathing; to chugalug. Usually chanted at the person who is drinking.

chump /t͡ʃʌmp/ chumps n
abruti andouille idiot imbécile âne
(colloquial, pejorative) An incompetent person, a blockhead; a loser.

chunder /ˈtʃandə/ /ˈtʃɐndə/ /ˈtʃʌndə(ɹ)/ v
vomir
(Australia, New Zealand, Britain, slang) To throw up, to vomit, particularly from excessive alcohol consumption.

chunk /t͡ʃʌŋk/ chunks n
pièce morceau
A part of something that has been separated.
bloc fragment
A representative portion of a substance, often large and irregular.
fragment
(computing) A discrete segment of a file, stream, etc. (especially one that represents audiovisual media); a block.

chunky /ˈt͡ʃʌŋki/ chunkier chunkiest more chunky most chunky adj
corpulent courtaud rondelet rondouillard
(euphemistic, of a person) Fat.

chunter /ˈtʃʌn.tə/ /ˈt͡ʃʌn.tɚ/ v
se plaindre
(British, Ireland, dialect) To grumble, complain.

church /t͡ʃɜːt͡ʃ/ /t͡ʃɝt͡ʃ/ churches n
église
(countable) A Christian house of worship; a building where Christian religious services take place. [from 9th c.]
(countable) A local group of people who follow the same Christian religious beliefs, local or general. [from 9th c.]
(uncountable) Organized religion in general or a specific religion considered as a political institution.
culte misse église
(uncountable, countable, as bare noun) Christian worship held at a church; service. [from 10th c.]

church service church services n
office religieux
A formalized period of communal worship, often but not exclusively occurring on Sunday, or Saturday in the case of those churches practicing Sabbatarianism.

churchgoer churchgoers n
pratiquant catholique pratiquant chrétien pratiquant
One who regularly goes to church; a practicing Christian.

churchgoing adj
pratiquant
Regularly attending church; being a practicing Christian.

churchwarden churchwardens n
marguillier marguillière
(British) A lay officer of the Church of England who handles the secular affairs of the parish.

churchwarden's pew churchwarden's pews n
banc d'œuvre
A type of church pew, typically on the west side, originally reserved for the churchwarden, and often decorated or engraved.

churchy /ˈtʃɜːtʃi/ churchier churchiest adj
calotin
(colloquial, mildly, _, pejorative) Piously Christian.

churchy /ˈtʃɜːtʃi/ churchies n
bigot calotin
(mildly pejorative) one who is piously Christian

churl /tʃɜːl/ /t͡ʃɝl/ churls n
rustre
(derogatory) A rough, surly, ill-bred person; a boor. [from 14th c.]

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ churns n
baratte
A vessel used for churning, especially for producing butter.

churn /tʃɜːn/ /t͡ʃɝn/ v
baratter
(transitive) To agitate rapidly and repetitively, or to stir with a rowing or rocking motion; generally applies to liquids, notably cream.
agiter
(transitive, figuratively) To produce excessive and sometimes undesirable or unproductive activity or motion.
(intransitive) To move rapidly and repetitively with a rocking motion; to tumble, mix or shake.

churn out v
torcher
(transitive, informal) To produce a large quantity of (something) rapidly and easily.

churro /ˈtʃʊɹ.əʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃɜɹ.oʊ/ /ˈt͡ʃʊɹ.oʊ/ churros n
chichi churro
A fried pastry from Spain, typically eaten as a dessert and with chocolate beverage.

chute /ʃ(j)uːt/ /ʃɪu̯t/ chutes n
toboggan

chutney /ˈt͡ʃətni/ /ˈt͡ʃʌtni/ chutneys n
chutney
A sweet or savory but usually spicy condiment, originally from eastern India, made from a variety of fruits and/or vegetables, often containing significant amounts of fresh green or dried red chili peppers. [from 1813]

chutzpah /ˈxʊts.pɑ/ chutzpahs n
culot audace toupet
(informal) Nearly arrogant courage; utter audacity, effrontery or impudence; supreme self-confidence; exaggerated self-opinion.

chyle /kaɪl/ chyles n
chyle
A digestive fluid containing fatty droplets, found in the small intestine.

chyme /kaɪm/ chymes n
chyme
The thick semifluid mass of partly digested food that is passed from the stomach to the duodenum.

chypre chypres n
chypre

ciabatta /t͡ʃəˈbɑː.ta/ ciabattas ciabatte n
ciabatta
A broad, flat, white Italian bread.

ciao /t͡ʃaʊ/ interjection
tchao
Hello, hi.
Bye, goodbye.

ciborium /sɪˈbɔəɹɪəm/ ciboria ciboriums n
ciborium ciboire
(architecture) A fixed vaulted canopy over a Christian altar, supported on four columns.
ciboire
(Christianity) A covered receptacle for holding the consecrated wafers of the Eucharist.

cicada /sɪˈkeɪ.də/ /sɪˈkɑ.də/ /sɪˈkɑː.də/ [sɪˈkʰeɪ̯.də] [sɪˈkʰɑː.də] [sɪ̈ˈkʰeɪ̯.ɾə] [sɪ̈ˈkʰɑ.ɾə] cicadae cicadas cicadæ n
cigale
Any of several insects in the superfamily Cicadoidea, with small eyes wide apart on the head and transparent well-veined wings.

cicely cicelies n
cerfeuil musqué
Myrrhis odorata, a plant in the genus Myrrhis, in the family Apiaceae.

cicero /ˈsɪsəɹoʊ/ /ˈsɪsəɹəʊ/ ciceros n
Saint-Augustin cicéro
(typography, Continental, _, printing) The Continental equivalent of the English pica: a measure of 12 Didot points (4.51368 mm or about 0.178 in.) or a body of type in this size.

cicerone /sɪsəˈɹəʊni/ /t͡ʃɪt͡ʃəˈɹəʊni/ cicerones ciceroni n
cicérone
A guide who accompanies visitors and sightseers to museums, galleries, etc., and explains matters of archaeological, antiquarian, historic or artistic interest.

cichlid /ˈsɪklɪd/ cichlids n
cichlidé
Any of many tropical fish, of the family Cichlidae, popular as aquarium fish.

cicisbeo /ˌtʃɪtʃɪzˈbeɪəʊ/ /ˌt͡ʃit͡ʃəzˈbeɪoʊ/ cicisbei cicisbeos n
sigisbée cavalier servant chevalier servant cicisbée
(now, chiefly, historical) A man who escorts a married woman to social functions, especially in 18th-century Italy; a married woman's lover.

cider /ˈsaɪ̯.də/ /ˈsaɪ̯.dɚ/ [ˈsʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] ciders n
cidre
(US, Canada) A non-alcoholic still beverage consisting of the juice of early-harvest apples, usually unfiltered and still containing pulp; apple cider; sweet cider (without pulp such a beverage is called apple juice).
(Australia) A non-alcoholic carbonated beverage made from apples or pears.
(Japan, South Korea) A non-alcoholic, lemon-lime flavored carbonated beverage.
(countable) A cup, glass, or serving of any of these beverages.

cigar /sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /sɪˈɡɑː(ɹ)/ cigars n
cigare
A cylinder of tobacco rolled and wrapped with an outer covering of tobacco leaves, intended to be smoked.

cigar box cigar boxes n
boîte à cigare
A box used for storing cigars.

cigar lighter cigar lighters n
allume-cigare

cigarette /sɪ.ɡəˈɹɛt/ /ˈsɪ.ɡə.ɹɛt/ cigarettes n
cigarette
Tobacco or other substances, in a thin roll wrapped with paper, intended to be smoked.

cigarette case cigarette cases n
porte-cigare porte-cigares
A small flat case for holding cigarettes.

cigarillo /ˌsɪɡəˈɹɪloʊ/ cigarilloes cigarillos n
cigarillo
A thin cigar, differing from a cigarette in being wrapped with tobacco leaves rather than paper.

cilantro /sɪˈlæntɹəʊ/ /sɪˈlɑntɹoʊ/ cilantros n
coriandre
(US) The stems and leaves of the coriander plant, Coriandrum sativum, used as a seasoning and garnish in cooking.

cimbalom /ˈsɪmbələm/ cimbaloms n
cymbalum
A type of concert hammered dulcimer used primarily in the music of Eastern Europe.

cinch /sɪntʃ/ cinches n
jeu d'enfant
(informal) Something that is very easy to do.

cinchona /sɪŋˈkoʊnə/ /sɪŋˈkəʊnə/ cinchonas n
quinquina
A tree or shrub of the genus Cinchona, native to the Andes in South America but since widely cultivated in Indonesia and India as well for its medicinal bark.
herbe des jésuites
(medicine) Any medicine chiefly composed of the prepared bark of these plants.

cinder /ˈsɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪndɚ/ cinders n
cendre
Partially or mostly burnt material that results from incomplete combustion of coal or wood etc.

cinder block cinder blocks n
agglo bloc de béton parpaing
A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.

cindynics /sɪnˈdɪnɪks/ n
cindynique

cine- prefix
ciné-
film, movie, cinema (moving pictures).

cinema /ˈsɪn.ə.mə/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mɑː/ /ˈsɪn.ɪ.mə/ cinemas n
cinéma
(countable) A movie theatre, a movie house
(film, uncountable) Films collectively.
(film, uncountable) The film and movie industry.
(film, countable, uncountable) The art of making films and movies; cinematography

cinemascope n
cinémascope CinemaScope
An anamorphic lens series used from 1953-1967 for shooting Twentieth Century Fox widescreen movies

cinematic /sɪnəˈmætɪk/ more cinematic most cinematic adj
cinématographique
Of or relating to the cinema.
(dated) Relating to kinematics; kinematic.

cinematograph cinematographs n
cinématographe
(historical) A camera that could develop its own film and served as its own projector.

cinematographer cinematographers n
chef opérateur cheffe opératrice directeur de la photographie directeur photo directrice de la photographie directrice photo
(cinematography) A photographer who oversees the operations of the cameras and lighting when making a film. The cinematographer may also double as the camera operator of the movie camera, though this is usually done by a cameraman. The film director may also double as the cinematographer, though this is usually a different person.

cinematographic more cinematographic most cinematographic adj
cinématographique
of or pertaining to cinematography

cinematography /ˈsɪn.ə.məˌtɒɡ.ɹə.fiː/ cinematographies n
cinématographie
The art, process, or job of filming movies.

cinephile /ˈsɪnəˌfaɪl/ /ˈsɪnɪfɑɪl/ cinephiles n
cinéphile
An enthusiast of films and the cinema; a cineast.

cinephilia n
cinéphilie
Enthusiasm for films and the cinema.

cinephobia n
cinéphobie
(film) The fear or hatred of films and the cinema.

cinereous bunting cinereous buntings n
bruant cendré
Emberiza cineracea, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

cingulotomy cingulotomies n
cingulotomie
(surgery) A form of brain surgery in which an electric current is used to destroy the cortex of the cingulate gyrus and part of the corpus callosum.

cinnabar /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑɹ/ /ˈsɪn.əˌbɑː(ɹ)/ cinnabars n
cinabre
A deep red mineral, mercuric sulfide, HgS; the principal ore of mercury; such ore used as the pigment vermilion.

cinnamic acid n
acide cinnamique
(organic compound) The aromatic carboxylic acid C6H5-CH=CH-COOH obtained from cinnamon; it is used in perfumery etc

cinnamon /ˈsɪ.mɪn/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mən/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mɪn/ adj
cannelle
Containing cinnamon, or having a cinnamon taste.
Of a yellowish-brown color.

cinnamon /ˈsɪ.mɪn/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mən/ /ˈsɪn.ə.mɪn/ cinnamons n
cannelier cannelle
Several related trees, notably the Indonesian cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni) and Chinese cinnamon or cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum or Cinnamomum cassia).
cannelle cannelier
(mostly, uncountable) A spice from the dried aromatic bark of the cinnamon tree, either rolled into strips or ground into a powder. The word is commonly used as trade name for spices made of any of the species above.
cannelle
(countable) A warm yellowish-brown color, the color of cinnamon.

cinnamon roll cinnamon rolls n
roulé à la canelle
(baking) A rolled pastry flavored with cinnamon and sugar.

cinquefoil /ˈsɪŋk.fɔɪl/ cinquefoils n
quintefeuille
(heraldiccharge) A stylized flower or leaf with five lobes.

cinéma vérité n
cinéma direct
(cinema) A style of cinema that appears to be realistic, showing ordinary people in ordinary situations speaking and acting naturally.

cipher /ˈsaɪfə/ /ˈsaɪfɚ/ ciphers n
chiffre
A numeric character.
tranche
A grouping of three digits in a number, especially when delimited by commas or periods:

cipolin cipolins n
chipolin

circa /ˈsɜːkə/ /ˈsɝkə/ preposition
environ vers
Approximately, about, around (typically in relation to time)

circadian /səˈkeɪ.dɪ.ən/ /sɚˈkeɪ.di.ən/ /sɚˈkæd.i.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdaɪ.ən/ /ˌsɝ.kəˈdi.ən/ adj
circadien
(biology) Of, relating to, or showing rhythmic behaviour with a period of 24 hours; especially of a biological process.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] circles n
cercle
(geometry) A two-dimensional geometric figure, a line, consisting of the set of all those points in a plane that are equally distant from a given point (center).
Any thin three-dimensional equivalent of the geometric figures.
A specific group of persons; especially one who shares a common interest.
(Wicca) A ritual circle that is cast three times deosil and closes three times widdershins either in the air with a wand or literally with stones or other items used for worship.
(astronomy) An instrument of observation, whose graduated limb consists of an entire circle. When fixed to a wall in an observatory, it is called a mural circle; when mounted with a telescope on an axis and in Y's, in the plane of the meridian, a meridian or transit circle; when involving the principle of reflection, like the sextant, a reflecting circle; and when that of repeating an angle several times continuously along the graduated limb, a repeating circle.
A territorial division or district.
cercle disque
A two-dimensional geometric figure, a disk, consisting of the set of all those points of a plane at a distance less than or equal to a fixed distance (radius) from a given point.
cerne yeux cernés
(in the plural) A bagginess of the skin below the eyes from lack of sleep.

circle /ˈsɜɹkəl/ [ˈsɜː.kəɫ] [ˈsɝ.kəɫ] v
cercler
(transitive) To travel around along a curved path.
encercler entourer
(transitive) To surround.
encercler
(transitive) To place or mark a circle around.

circle contact lens circle contact lenses n
lentilles cercle
A cosmetic contact lens that makes the eyes' irises appear larger, popular in East Asia.

circle of friends circles of friends n
cercle d'amis
A group of close friends who usually do things together.

circle runner circle runners n
pivot

circlet /ˈsɜː(ɹ)klət/ circlets n
diadème
A crown without arches or a covering.

circlip /ˈsɜːklɪp/ /ˈsɝklɪp/ circlips n
circlip
A type of fastener consisting of a flexible metal ring of spring steel with open ends which can be snapped into place. Internal and external forms exist.

circuit /ˈsəɾ.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɜː.kɪt/ /ˈsɜː.kɪʈ/ /ˈsɝ.kɪt/ circuits n
circuit
(electricity) Enclosed path of an electric current, usually designed for a certain function.

circuit board circuit boards n
circuit imprimé
A board on which electronic components and their interconnecting circuits are mounted or etched

circuit breaker circuit breakers n
disjoncteur
(electricity) An electrical switch capable of opening and closing an electrical circuit in all operating conditions, including fault situations.

circuitous /sɚˈkjuːətəs/ /sɚˈkjuːɪtəs/ /sɜːˈkjuːɪtəs/ more circuitous most circuitous adj
tortueux
Of a long and winding route.

circuitry /ˈsɜːkɪtɹi/ /ˈsɝkətɹi/ circuitries n
circuiterie
(uncountable) Electrical (or, by extension, other) circuits considered as a group.

circular /ˈsɜː.kjə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ.kjə.lɚ/ more circular most circular adj
circulaire
Of or relating to a circle.
rond circulaire
In the shape of, or moving in a circle.

circular /ˈsɜː.kjə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ.kjə.lɚ/ circulars n
circulaire
An advertisement, directive or notice intended for mass circulation.

circular arc circular arcs n
arc de cercle arc
A continuous section of the circumference of a circle.

circular breathing n
respiration circulaire
A particular breathing technique: it involves inhaling via the nose while pushing air, that was stored in the cheeks, out through the lips, so allows for continuous playing of a wind instrument.

circular economy circular economies n
économie circulaire
(economics) An industrial economy that aims to reduce waste and pollution by means of reuse, recycling, etc.

circular letter circular letters n
circulaire
A freely distributed letter or pamphlet on routine matters.

circular reference circular references n
référence circulaire

circular saw circular saws n
scie circulaire
A power saw with a circular cutting blade, whose teeth rotate rapidly.

circular segment circular segments n
segment circulaire
(geometry) A region of a circle bounded by an arc and the chord connecting the endpoints of the arc.

circulate /ˈsɚˌkju.leɪt/ v
circuler
(transitive) to cause (a person or thing) to move in circles or through a circuit

circulating adj
circulant
Moving about freely.

circulation /ˌsɜː(ɹ).kjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɝkjʊˈleɪʃən/ circulations n
circulation
The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings the moving body to the place where its motion began.
(narrowly) The movement of the blood in the circulatory system, by which it is brought into close relations with the cells and tissues of the body; (loosely) the circulatory system.

circulatory /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi/ /ˈsɜːk(j)uːlətɹi/ /ˈsɝkjələˌtɔɹi/ adj
circulatoire
Of or pertaining to a circulation, especially to the circulatory system.

circulatory system /-tɹi-/ /ˌsɜːk(j)uːlətəɹi ˈsɪstəm/ /ˌsɝkjələˌtɔɹi ˈsɪstəm/ circulatory systems n
circulation sanguine
(physiology) The parts of an animal body comprising the heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and blood, which circulate the blood around the body. [from mid 19th c.]

circumambulation /ˌsɝ.kəmˌæm.bjuˈleɪ.ʃən/ circumambulations n
circumambulation
The act of walking around something in a circle, especially for a ritual purpose.

circumbendibus /sɝkm̩ˈbɛndɪbəs/ circumbendibi circumbendibuses n
circonlocution cultisme galimatias gongorisme préciosité
(often, humorous) A roundabout, indirect, or confusing manner of speech or writing

circumbinary adj
circumbinaire
(astronomy) Having an orbit around both stars in a binary star system, or relating to such an orbit.

circumcircle circumcircles n
cercle circonscrit
(geometry) A circle that passes through every vertex of a given triangle (or other polygon where possible)

circumcise /ˈsəːkəmsʌɪz/ v
circoncire
(sometimes, _, proscribed) To surgically remove the clitoris (clitoridectomy), clitoral hood, or labia.
(military, nautical, slang) To trim off the portion of the barrel liner of a large-caliber naval gun that protrudes from the end of the barrel as a result of the liner slowly stretching from prolonged fire.

circumcised adj
circoncis
(of a man) Having had the foreskin of the penis excised.

circumcision circumcisions n
circoncision
The surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.

circumduction /ˌsɝ.kəmˈdʌk.ʃən/ n
circumduction

circumference /səˈkam.fɹəns/ /səˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɚˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɜːˈkʌm.fɹəns/ /sɝːˈkʌm.fɹəns/ circumferences n
circonférence
(geometry) The line that bounds a circle or other two-dimensional figure.
(geometry) The length of such a line.
(graph theory) The length of the longest cycle of a graph.

circumfix /səːkəmˈfɪks/ /sɚkəmˈfɪks/ /ˈsəːkəmfɪks/ /ˈsɚkəmfɪks/ circumfixes n
circonfixe
(grammar) An affix containing both a prefixing and a suffixing element existing as a single morphological unit.

circumflex /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/ /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/ adj
circonflexe
Having a circumflex mark.

circumflex /ˈsɜː.kəmˌflɛks/ /ˈsɝ.kəmˌflɛks/ circumflexes n
accent circonflexe circonflexe
A diacritical mark (ˆ) placed over a vowel in the orthography or transliteration of many languages to change its pronunciation; while in some other languages over a consonant.

circumlocution /ˌsɜːkəmləˈkjuːʃən/ /ˌsɝkəmləˈkjuʃən/ circumlocutions n
circonlocution périphrase
(uncountable) A roundabout or indirect way of speaking; thus:

circumlunar adj
circumlunaire
Surrounding, or traveling around the Moon

circumnavigate /ˌsə.kəmˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ /ˌsɝ.kəmˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
circumnaviguer
(transitive) To travel completely around somewhere or something, especially by sail.

circumnavigation circumnavigations n
circumnavigation
The act of circumnavigating, or sailing round.

circumnavigator circumnavigators n
circumnavigateur circumnavigatrice
A person who circumnavigates, that is, sails around the world.

circumplanetary adj
circumplanétaire

circumscribe /ˈsɜː.kəm.skɹaɪb/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.skɹaɪb/ v
circonscrire
To draw a line around; to encircle.
To limit narrowly; to restrict.
(geometry) To draw the smallest circle or higher-dimensional sphere that has (a polyhedron, polygon, etc.) in its interior.

circumspect /ˈsɜː.kəm.spɛkt/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.spɛkt/ more circumspect most circumspect adj
circonspect
Carefully aware of all circumstances; considerate of all that is pertinent.

circumspection circumspections n
circonspection
Attention to all the facts and circumstances of a case; consideration of all that is pertinent.

circumstance /-aːns/ /-æns/ /-ɑːns/ /ˈsɜːkəmst(ə)ns/ /ˈsɜːkəmstæns/ /ˈsɝ.kəm.ˌstæns/ circumstances n
circonstance
Something which is related to, or in some way affects, a fact or event.
An event; a fact; a particular incident, occurrence, or condition (status).

circumterrestrial adj
circumterrestre
That surrounds, or revolves about, the Earth.

circumvallation /sɚkəmvæˈleɪʃən/ /sɜːkəmvæˈleɪʃən/ circumvallations n
circonvallation
A rampart or other defensive entrenchment that entirely encircles the position being defended.

circumvent /səːkəmˈvɛnt/ v
contourner
(transitive) to avoid or get around something; to bypass
cerner
(transitive) to surround or besiege
circonvenir
(transitive) to outwit or outsmart

circus /ˈsɜːkəs/ /ˈsɝkəs/ circi circuses circusses n
cirque
A traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, clowns, trained animals, and other novelty acts, that gives shows usually in a circular tent. [from late 18th c.]

circus ring circus rings n
piste piste de cirque
A circular arena in a circus, where the acts are performed.

cirl bunting /səːl ˈbʌntɪŋ/ cirl buntings n
bruant zizi
A small Old World passerine bird, Emberiza cirlus, of the bunting family (Emberizidae), very similar to the yellowhammer.

cirque /sɜːk/ /sɝk/ cirques n
cirque
(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley.

cirrhosis /sɪˈɹoʊ.sɪs/ cirrhoses n
cirrhose
(pathology) A chronic disease of the liver caused by damage from toxins (including alcohol), metabolic problems, hepatitis, or nutritional deprivation, characterised by an increase in fibrous tissue and the destruction of liver cells.

cirrhotic /səˈɹɒtɪk/ more cirrhotic most cirrhotic adj
cirrhotique
Of, pertaining to, or suffering from cirrhosis.

cirrocumulus cirrocumuli n
cirrocumulus
(physics, meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a thin, white patch of cloud without shadows, composed of very small droplets in the form of grains or ripples. The elements may be merged or separate, and more or less regularly arranged; they subtend an angle of less than 1° when observed at an angle of more than 30° above the horizon. Holes or rifts often occur in a sheet of cirrocumulus. Abbreviated Cc.

cirrostratus /ˌsɪɹəˈstɹeɪtəs/ cirrostrati n
cirrostratus
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type appearing as a whitish veil, usually fibrous but sometimes smooth, which may totally cover the sky and which often produces halo phenomena. Abbreviated Cs

cirrus /ˈsɪɹəs/ cirri n
cirrus
(meteorology) A principal high-level cloud type characterised by white, delicate filaments or wisps, of white (or mostly white) patches, or of narrow bands, found at an altitude of above 7000 metres.

cis /sɪs/ adj
cis
Cisgender (or sometimes cissexual): not trans (transgender or transsexual) nor non-binary.
(chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a double bond in which the greater radical on both ends is on the same side of the bond.
(chemistry) In (or constituting, forming, or describing) a coordination compound in which the two instances of a particular ligand are adjacent to each other.

cis man cis men n
homme cis

cis person cis people cis persons n
personne cis
A cisgender/cissexual person: one whose gender matches his or her assigned sex.

cis woman cis women n
femme cis

cisalpine /sɪsˈæl.paɪn/ more cisalpine most cisalpine adj
cisalpin
On this side of the Alps (usually with respect to Rome, therefore the south side).

cisbi adj
cisbi

ciscentric more ciscentric most ciscentric adj
ciscenté

ciscentrism n
ciscentrisme

cisfeminine more cisfeminine most cisfeminine adj
cis-féminin

cisgay more cisgay most cisgay adj
cisgay

cisgender /sɪsˈdʒɛndə/ /sɪsˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ adj
cisgenre cissexuel
Having a gender identity which matches the sex one was assigned at birth; or, pertaining to such people.

cisgenderism n
cisgenrisme

cisgenderist more cisgenderist most cisgenderist adj
cisgenriste

cishet /ˈsɪs.hɛt/ adj
cishet

cishetero more cishetero most cishetero adj
cis-hétéro

cisheteropatriarchal more cisheteropatriarchal most cisheteropatriarchal adj
hétéro-cis-patriarcal

cisheteropatriarchy /ˌsɪsˌhɛtəɹəˈpeɪtɹiɑɹki/ cisheteropatriarchies n
cis-hétéro-patriarcat hétéro-cis-patriarcat
The dominance of cisgender heterosexual males in society.

cismasculine more cismasculine most cismasculine adj
cis-masculin

cismasculinity cismasculinities n
cis-masculinité

cisnormativity n
cisnormativité

cispatriarchy n
cispatriarcat

cisphobia n
cisphobie
Fear or hatred of cissexuality or cisgenderism, or of cis individuals.

cisphobic more cisphobic most cisphobic adj
cisphobe

cisqueer more cisqueer most cisqueer adj
cisqueer

cissexism n
cissexisme

cissexist cissexists n
cissexiste

cissoid cissoids n
cissoïde
(geometry) Any of a family of curves defined as the locus of a point, P, on a line from a given fixed point and intersecting two given curves, C1 and C2, where the distance along the line from C1 to P remains constant and equal to the distance from P to C2.

cissplaining n
cisplaining cisplication

cissupremacy n
cis-suprémacie

cistem cistems n
cistem cistème

cistemic more cistemic most cistemic adj
cistémique

cister /ˈsɪs.tə/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ/ cisters n
cister

cistern /ˈsɪs.tən/ /ˈsɪs.tɚn/ cisterns n
citerne
A reservoir or tank for holding water, especially for catching and holding rainwater for later use.
chasse d'eau
In a flush toilet, the container in which the water used for flushing is held; a toilet tank.

cistus /ˈsɪstəs/ cisti cistuses n
ciste
A rockrose; a plant of the genus Cistus.

citadel /ˈsɪtədəl/ /ˈsɪtədɛl/ citadels n
citadelle
A strong fortress that sits high above a city.
(sometimes, figurative) A stronghold or fortified place.

citation needed /-dəd/ /ˌsaɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩ ˈniː.dɪd/ /ˌsaɪˈteɪ.ʃən ˈni.dɪd/ phraseologicalUnit
refnec référence nécessaire
(originally, Internet slang, chiefly, humorous) Used to designate an assertion or other statement as false, inaccurate, or requiring verification.

citerior /səˈtɪ.ɹi.ɚ/ /sɪˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə/ adj
citérieur citérieure
(literary) Chiefly in place names: situated on the nearer side.

citizen /ˈsɪtɪsən/ /ˈsɪtɪzən/ citizens n
citoyen citoyenne
A legally-recognized member of a state, with associated rights and obligations; a person considered in terms of this role. [from 14th c.]
citoyen citoyenne habitant habitante civil civile
(Christianity) A resident of the heavenly city or (later) of the kingdom of God: a Christian; a good Christian. [from 15th c.]

citizen journalism n
journalisme citoyen
(media) Independent reporting, often by amateurs on the scene of an event, and disseminated via new media.

citizen of the world citizens of the world n
citoyen du monde citoyenne du monde
A person regarded as part of the global citizenry; specifically, one who takes the view that they belong to no particular country or state.

citizenry citizenries n
citoyens corps des citoyens population
The group of all citizens; citizens taken collectively.

citizenship /sɪtɪzənʃɪp/ citizenships n
citoyenneté nationalité
The status of being a citizen, in its various senses.
The state of being a citizen, in its various senses.

citole citoles n
citole
An archaic musical instrument whose exact form is uncertain, generally shown with four strings

citric /ˈsɪtɹɪk/ adj
citrique
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, citrus fruit.

citric acid /ˌsɪtɹɪk ˈæsɪd/ n
acide citrique
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline compound, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, C6H8O7, found in citrus fruit; it is used as a food additive and in the manufacture of citrates.

citrine /ˈsɪtɹain/ /ˈsɪtɹin/ /ˈsɪtɹiːn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrines n
citrine
A brownish-yellow quartz.

citrine wagtail citrine wagtails n
bergeronnette citrine
Motacilla citreola, a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae native to Eurasia

citron /ˈsɪtəɹn/ /ˈsɪtɹən/ citrons n
citron jaune citron
A greenish yellow colour.
cédratier
A small citrus tree, Citrus medica.
cédrat
The fruit of a citron tree.

citronella citronellas n
citronnelle
A tropical Asian grass, Cymbopogon nardus, that has citrus-scented leaves.

citrus /ˈsɪtɹəs/ citri citruses citrusses n
agrume citrus
Any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Citrus in the family Rutaceae.

citrus fruit citrus fruits n
agrume
Any of the fruits in the common genus Citrus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae.

cittern citterns n
cistre
A stringed instrument (chordophone), played with a plectrum (a pick), and most commonly possessing four wire strings and chromatic frets.

city /sɪtɪ/ /ˈsɪti/ [ˈsɪtʰiː] [ˈsɪɾi] cities n
ville cité grande-ville
(UK) A settlement granted special status by royal charter or letters patent; traditionally, a settlement with a cathedral regardless of size.

city block city blocks n
pâté de maisons île îlot îlot urbain
The smallest part of a town enclosed by streets.

city car city cars n
citadine
A small car designed to be used primarily in urban areas and conurbations.

city council city councils n
conseil municipal
A governing body of people elected to oversee management of a city and represent the interests of residents.

city hall /ˈsɪti ˌhɑl/ /ˈsɪti ˌhɔl/ /ˈsɪti ˌhɔːl/ /ˈsɪtɪ ˌhɔːl/ city halls n
hôtel de ville mairie maison communale
The building that houses a city's government.
mairie
(figuratively, metonym) The city government; government in general.

city slicker city slickers n
citadin
(colloquial) One accustomed to a city or urban lifestyle or unsuited to life in the country.

city state city states n
cité-État
A sovereign city, as in Ancient Greece, often part of a league of such cities.

civet /ˈsɪ.vɪt/ civets n
civette
(countable) A carnivorous catlike animal, Civettictis civetta, that produces a musky secretion. It is two to three feet (30–90 cm) long, with black bands and spots on the body and tail.

civic /ˈsɪvɪk/ more civic most civic adj
civique citoyen
Of, relating to, or belonging to a city, a citizen, or citizenship; municipal or civil.

civic duty civic duties n
devoir civique devoir du citoyen

civics /ˈsɪvɪks/ civics n
éducation civique
The study of good citizenship and proper membership in a community.

civil /ˈsɪv.əl/ civiler civilest more civil most civil adj
civil
(uncomparable) Having to do with people and government office as opposed to the military or religion.
(comparable) Behaving in a reasonable or polite manner; avoiding displays of hostility.

civil aviation n
aviation civile
All non-military forms of aviation, including private and commercial flight services.

civil code civil codes n
code civil
(legal) A systematic collection of laws addressing dealings between private parties, such as business contracts and negligence lawsuits.

civil disobedience n
désobéissance civile
A form of social protest, involving the active but non-violent refusal to obey certain laws, demands, or commands of an established authority, because they are considered to be morally wrong or detrimental.

civil engineer civil engineers n
ingénieur civil
An engineer who is specifically trained for and/or specialised in civil engineering.

civil engineering n
génie civil
The technical design and construction of public works such as bridges, buildings, harbours, public greens, roads, etc., and/or technically equivalent private (usually corporate) ones.

civil law civil laws n
droit civil droit romano-civiliste droit romano-germanique
(law) The body of law dealing with the private relations between members of a community; it contrasts with criminal law, military law and ecclesiastical law.

civil marriage civil marriages n
mariage civil
A marriage performed by a government official instead of by a member of the clergy.

civil partnership civil partnerships n
PACS partenariat civil partenariat enregistré
A union similar to marriage which same-sex couples, and in some jurisdictions opposite-sex couples, may form, which affords rights and responsibilities similar or identical to those afforded by civil marriage.

civil registry civil registries n
registre d'état civil état civil
A government repository, database recording the vital events (births, deaths, etc.) of its citizens and residents, its office.

civil rights n
droits civiques
(US) Those rights which are guaranteed protection by the US Constitution and are considered to be unquestionable, deserved by all people under all circumstances, especially without regard to race, creed, religion, sexual orientation, gender, and disability.

civil servant civil servants n
fonctionnaire
A person employed in the civil service; a government employee.

civil service civil services n
fonction publique services publics
The body of civilian employees of any level of government, not subject to political appointment and removal, normally hired and promoted largely on the basis of competitive examination.

civil society civil societies n
société civile
All of the institutions, voluntary organizations and corporate bodies that are less than the state but greater than the family. [from 19th c.]

civil union civil unions n
pacte civil de solidarité partenariat enregistré union civile
A legal union similar to marriage, established to allow same-sex couples (and, in some jurisdictions, opposite-sex couples) rights similar to those married couples have.

civil war civil wars n
guerre civile guerre intestine
A war fought between factions of the inhabitants of a single country, or a similar political entity.

civilian /sɪˈvɪljən/ adj
civil
Not related to the military, police or other governmental professions.

civilian /sɪˈvɪljən/ civilians n
civil civile
A person following the pursuits of civil life, especially one who is not an active member of the armed forces.
(informal) A person who does not belong to a particular group or engage in a particular activity, an outsider.

civilise /ˈsɪvɪlaɪz/ v
civiliser
To educate or enlighten a person or people to a perceived higher standard of behaviour.

civility /sɪˈvɪl.ɪ.ti/ civilities n
politesse
Speech or behaviour that is fit for civil interactions; politeness, courtesy. [from 16th c.]

civilization /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən] civilizations n
civilisation
An organized culture encompassing many communities, often on the scale of a nation or a people; a stage or system of social, political, or technical development.

civilization /ˌsɪv.ə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌsɪv.ə.lɑeˈzæɪ.ʃən] pn
civilisation
Collectively, those people of the world considered to have a high standard of behavior and / or a high level of development. Commonly subjectively used by people of one society to exclusively refer to their society, or their elite sub-group, or a few associated societies, implying all others, in time or geography or status, as something less than civilised, as savages or barbarians. cf refinement, elitism, civilised society, the Civilised World

civilizational adj
civilisationnel
Pertaining to or arising from civilization

civilized /ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/ more civilized most civilized adj
civilisé
Having a highly developed society or culture; belonging to civilization.

civism n
civisme
Good citizenship, civic-mindedness.

clacky more clacky most clacky adj
claquant
(informal) Being or making a clack sound.

clad /klæd/ adj
habillé vêtu
(of a person, preceded by a garment type) Wearing clothing or some other covering (for example, an armour) on the body; clothed, dressed.
revêtu
(of an object, often in compounds) Covered, enveloped in, or surrounded by a cladding, or a specified material or substance.

clad /klæd/ v
habiller vêtir
(archaic, literary, or, obsolete, past tense clad) To clothe, to dress.
couvrir
(past tense clad or cladded) To cover with a cladding or another material (for example, insulation).

clade /kleɪd/ clades n
clade
(genetics) A higher level grouping of a genetic haplogroup.

cladistics /kləˈdɪs.tɪks/ n
cladistique

cladogram cladograms n
cladogramme

claim /kleɪm/ claims n
titre
The right or ground of demanding.
affirmation
A new statement of something one believes to be the truth, usually when the statement has yet to be verified or without valid evidence provided.
revendication réclamation
A demand of ownership for previously unowned land.
demande réclamation
(legal) A legal demand for compensation or damages.

claim /kleɪm/ v
prétendre
To state a new fact, typically without providing evidence to prove it is true.
revendiquer
To demand ownership or right to use for land.
prétendre revendiquer
(intransitive) To be entitled to anything; to deduce a right or title; to have a claim.

claimant /ˈkleɪ.mənt/ claimants n
prétendant
One who claims; one who makes a claim.

clairvoyance /klɛəˈvɔɪəns/ /klɛɹˈvɔɪəns/ clairvoyances n
clairvoyance
(parapsychology) The power to see or perceive things objects or events beyond the natural range of the senses, such as the past or the future.

clairvoyant /ˌklɛəˈvɔɪ.ənt/ /ˌklɛɹˈvɔɪ.ənt/ clairvoyants n
voyant
A person able to see things that cannot be perceived by the normal senses
devin
A person able to foresee the future

clairvoyée clairvoyées n
claire-voie
An opening in a garden hedge, fence, etc. through which a scenic view can be observed.

clam /klæm/ [kleəm] clams n
palourde praire
A bivalve mollusk of many kinds, especially those that are edible; for example soft-shell clams (Mya arenaria), hard clams (Mercenaria mercenaria), sea clams or hen clam (Spisula solidissima), and other species, possibly originally applied to clams of species Tridacna gigas, a huge East Indian bivalve.
(US, slang, mostly, in the plural) A dollar.

clam chowder clam chowders n
chaudrée de palourdes
A type of chowder made from clams and usually potatoes, with numerous variations.

clam up v
fermer son clapet fermer son claque-merde la boucler la fermer
(intransitive, slang) To become silent; to stop talking, to shut up.

clamber /ˈklæmbə/ /ˈklæmbɚ/ /ˈklæmɚ/ v
grimper
(ambitransitive) To climb (something) with some difficulty, or in a haphazard fashion.

clammy /ˈklæmi/ clammier clammiest adj
moite
Cold and damp, usually referring to hands or palms.

clamor /ˈklæm.ə/ /ˈklæm.ɚ/ clamors n
clameur

clamor /ˈklæm.ə/ /ˈklæm.ɚ/ v
clamer
vociférer
(intransitive) To become noisy insistently.

clamp /klæmp/ clamps n
serre-joint
A brace, band, or clasp for strengthening or holding things together.
A piece of wood (batten) across the grain of a board end to keep it flat, as in a breadboard.

clamp /klæmp/ v
fixer serrer
(transitive, intransitive) To fasten in place or together with (or as if with) a clamp.
serrer
(transitive) To hold or grip tightly.

clamp down on v
faire cesser lutter contre mettre un terme
(transitive, idiomatic) To take measures to stop (something); to put an end to.

clandestine /klænˈdɛst(a)ɪn/ /ˈklændəst(a)ɪn/ /ˈklændɪst(a)ɪn/ more clandestine most clandestine adj
clandestin
Done or kept in secret, sometimes to conceal an illicit or improper purpose.

clanger /ˈklæŋ.ə(ɹ)/ clangers n
couac
(chiefly, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, informal, often in the phrase drop a clanger) A very noticeable mistake; an attention-getting faux pas.

clap /klæp/ n
chaude-pisse chtouille
(slang, usually with "the") Gonorrhea.

clap /klæp/ v
applaudir
To strike the palms of the hands together, creating a sharp sound.
balancer jeter
To set or put, usually in haste.

clapometer clapometers n
applaudimètre
An audience-reaction monitor used to give a visual interpretation of applause; once used on some television game shows.

clapper /ˈklæpɚ/ clappers n
battant batail
An object so suspended inside a bell that it may hit the bell and cause it to ring; a clanger or tongue.

clapperboard clapperboards n
clap claquette
(film) A device used in film production, having hinged boards that are brought together with a clap, used to synchronize picture and sound at the start of each take of a motion picture or other video production.

claptrap /ˈklæpˌtɹæp/ claptraps n
charabia galimatias verbiage
Empty verbiage or nonsense. [from early 19th c.]

claque /ˈklæk/ claques n
claque
(collective) A group of people hired to attend a performance and to either applaud or boo.

claret /klɛːɹə/ /klɛːɹət/ /ˈklæɹə/ /ˈklæɹət/ /ˈklæɹɪ/ /ˈklæɹɪt/ clarets n
bordeaux-clairet clairet
(chiefly, UK) A dry red wine produced in the Bordeaux region of France, or a similar wine made elsewhere.
bordeaux
(color) A deep purplish-red colour, like that of the wine.

clarification /ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ clarifications n
clarification
The act of clarifying; the act or process of making clear or transparent by freeing visible impurities; particularly, the clearing or fining of liquid substances from feculent matter by the separation of the insoluble particles which prevent the liquid from being transparent.

clarified butter clarified butters n
beurre clarifié
A cooking fat made by gently heating butter and separating the solids from the butterfat.

clarify /ˈklæɹɪfaɪ/ v
clarifier
To make clear or easily understood; to explain in order to remove doubt or obscurity.

clarinet /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/ /ˌklɛɹɪˈnɛt/ clarinets n
clarinette
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that has a distinctive liquid tone whose characteristics vary among its three registers: chalumeau (low), clarion (medium), and altissimo (high).

clarinetist /ˌklæɹɪˈnɛtɪst/ clarinetists n
clarinettiste
Someone who plays the clarinet.

clarion /ˈklæ.ɹi.ən/ /ˈklæ.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˈklɛ-/ clarions n
clairon
(brass instrument, historical, or, poetic) A medieval brass instrument chiefly used as a battle signal; related to the trumpet, it had a narrow, straight pipe and a high-pitched, piercing sound.

clarion call clarion calls n
appel du clairon
(figuratively) Appeal, urgent call to action.

clarity /ˈklæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˈklɛɹ.ə.ti/ clarities n
clarté
The state or measure of being clear, either in appearance, thought or style; lucidity.

clash /klaʃ/ /klæʃ/ clashes n
cliquetis fracas
(onomatopoeia) A loud sound, like the crashing together of metal objects.
escarmouche échauffourée
A skirmish, a hostile encounter.

clash /klaʃ/ /klæʃ/ v
s'affronter
(intransitive, of clothes, decor, colours) To fail to look good together; to contrast unattractively; to fail to harmonize.

clasp /klæsp/ /klɑːsp/ clasps n
fermoir
A fastener or holder, particularly one that clasps.

clasp /klæsp/ /klɑːsp/ v
serrer
(transitive) To take hold of; to grasp.

clasp-knife clasp-knives n
canif
A knife with a hinged blade or blades that, for safety when not in use, can be folded into a slot in the handle.

class /klas/ /kleəs/ /klæs/ /klɑ(ː)s/ /klɑːs/ classes n
classe
(countable) A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes.
(sociology, countable) A social grouping, based on job, wealth, etc. In Britain, society is commonly split into three main classes: upper class, middle class and working class.
(uncountable) The division of society into classes.
(uncountable) Admirable behavior; elegance.
(education, countable, and, uncountable) A group of students in a regularly scheduled meeting with a teacher.
(countable) A category of seats in an airplane, train or other means of mass transportation.
(taxonomy, countable) A rank in the classification of organisms, below phylum and above order; a taxon of that rank.
(set theory) A collection of sets definable by a shared property.
(object-oriented, countable) A set of objects having the same behavior (but typically differing in state), or a template defining such a set in terms of its common properties, functions, etc.
cours
A series of lessons covering a single subject.
promotion classe
(countable) A group of students who commenced or completed their education during a particular year. A school class.
fine fleur must top
Best of its kind.

class action class actions n
action collective recours collectif action de groupe
(law, chiefly, US, Canada) A lawsuit brought by a single plaintiff or small group of plaintiffs as a representative of a large group of others having a common interest, with everyone in the large group eligible to receive damages if the plaintiff is successful.

class consciousness class consciousnesses n
conscience de classe
(Marxism, social sciences) An individual's awareness of their relative place within the class system of society.

class struggle class struggles n
lutte des classes
Conflict between social or economic classes (especially between the capitalist and proletariat classes); the active expression of a theoretical class conflict looked at from any kind of socialist perspective.

class variable class variables n
variable de classe

classeme classemes n
classème
(semiotics) A generic or contextual seme, denoting a group of objects.

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/ more classic most classic adj
classique
Exemplary of a particular style; defining a class/category; typical.
Exhibiting timeless quality and excellence.

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/ classics n
classique
A perfect and/or early example of a particular style.
An artistic work of lasting worth, such as a film or song; a work of enduring excellence.
A major, long-standing sporting event.

classical /ˈklæsɪkl̩/ more classical most classical adj
classique
(informal, music) Describing art music (rather than pop, jazz, blues, etc), especially when played using instruments of the orchestra.
Of or pertaining to the ancient Greeks and Romans, especially to Greek or Roman authors of the highest rank, or of the period when their best literature was produced; of or pertaining to places inhabited by the ancient Greeks and Romans, or rendered famous by their deeds.
Conforming to the best authority in literature and art; chaste; pure; refined

classical antiquity pn
Antiquité classique
(history) The era of the height of Greco-Roman civilization in southern Europe, roughly comprising the 6th century BC to the 5th century (AD), although sometimes distinguished from Late Antiquity

classical conditioning n
conditionnement classique conditionnement pavlovien
(psychology) A learning process in which a previously neutral stimulus (such as a bell) is paired with a potent stimulus (such as food in the case of a dog), so that the neutral stimulus comes to elicit a conditioned response (salivation) similar to the one elicited by the potent stimulus.

classical guitar classical guitars n
guitare classique
A type of flat-tabled guitar of Spanish origin used primarily for Western classical music, flamenco, and Latin American music, with six nylon (formerly gut) strings, usually played with the fingers rather than with a plectrum.

classical language classical languages n
langue classique
(literature, linguistics) An ancient language that has an independent tradition that arose mostly on its own, and has a large and rich body of ancient literature.

classical logic classical logics n
logique classique

classical mechanics n
mécanique classique
(physics) All of the physical laws of nature that account for the behaviour of the normal world, but break down when dealing with the very small (see quantum mechanics) or the very fast or very heavy (see relativity).

classical music classical musics n
musique classique
(music genre) Music of the classical period; the music of Mozart, Haydn, etc; the musical period before the romantic.

classical physics n
physique classique
(physics) all aspects of physics developed before the rise of quantum mechanics

classical studies n
lettres classiques
The study of Ancient Greek and Latin, their literature, history, etc., sometimes inclusive of the study of the ancient Mediterranean generally.

classicism classicisms n
classicisme
(uncountable) All the classical traditions of the art and architecture of ancient Greece and Rome, especially the aspects of simplicity, elegance and proportion.

classicist classicists n
classiciste
A classical scholar, especially one who studies ancient Greek and Latin language and culture.
A follower of classicism.

classicistic more classicistic most classicistic adj
classicisant
Emulating classical rules, conventions, principles, models, or styles; characterised by classicism.

classifiable adj
classable
Able to be classified.

classification /ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ classifications n
classification
The act of forming into a class or classes; a distribution into groups, as classes, orders, families, etc., according to some common relations or attributes.

classified advertisement classified advertisements n
petite annonce
Any of a list of newspaper or website advertisements included with others under a heading describing the category of product or service offered.

classifieds n
petite annonce petites annonces
A section of a newspaper, magazine or web site containing classified advertisements.

classifier /ˈklæsɪfaɪə/ /ˈklæsɪfaɪɚ/ classifiers n
mot de mesure
classificateur
Someone who classifies.
classifieur
(computing) A program or algorithm that classifies.
(object-oriented) Class which classifies other classes by features.

classify /ˈklæs.əˌfaɪ/ /ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
classifier
to identify by or divide into classes; to categorize
to declare something a secret, especially a government secret

classism /ˈklæsɪzəm/ classisms n
classisme
Discrimination or prejudice that is based on social class, especially against those of lower social class.

classist /ˈklæsɪst/ more classist most classist adj
classiste
Of or pertaining to classism.

classmate /ˈklɑːs.meɪt/ classmates n
camarade classe
A student who is in the same class at school.

classpath classpaths n
classpath
(Java programming language) The path on a file system where the Java virtual machine should look for user-defined classes and packages when running Java programs.

classroom /ˈklasruːm/ /ˈklæsruːm/ /ˈklɑːsɹʊm/ classrooms n
salle de classe
A room, often in a school, where classes take place

classy /ˈklæsi/ /ˈklɑːsi/ classier classiest adj
chic
Elegant, highly stylish or fashionable.

clastic /ˈklæstɪk/ adj
clastique
(geology, of rock) Made from fragments of pre-existing rocks.

clathrate /ˈklæθɹeɪt/ clathrates n
clathrate
(chemistry) A clathrate compound.

clatter /ˈklætə/ /ˈklætɚ/ clatters n
claquement craquement
A rattling noise; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds.
vacarme
A loud disturbance.

clatter /ˈklætə/ /ˈklætɚ/ v
claquer craquer
(intransitive) To make a rattling sound.

clause /klɑz/ /klɔz/ /klɔːz/ clauses n
proposition
(grammar) A verb along with its subject and their modifiers. If a clause provides a complete thought on its own, then it is an independent (superordinate) clause; otherwise, it is (subordinate) dependent.
clause
(legal) A separate part of a contract, a will or another legal document.

claustral more claustral most claustral adj
claustral
Of or pertaining to a cloister.

claustrophobe /ˈklɒs.tɹəˌfəʊb/ /ˈklɔstɹəˌfoʊb/ claustrophobes n
claustrophobe
One who suffers from claustrophobia.

claustrophobia claustrophobias n
claustrophobie
The fear of closed, tight places.

claustrophobic more claustrophobic most claustrophobic adj
claustrophobe
(psychology) Suffering from claustrophobia; being scared of being enclosed in a confined space.

clavichord /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈklæv.ɪˌkɔːd/ clavichords n
clavicorde manicordion
(musical instruments) An early keyboard instrument producing a soft sound by means of metal blades (called tangents) attached to the inner ends of the keys gently striking the strings.

clavicle /ˈklæv.ɪk.l̩/ /ˈklæv.ɪk.əl/ clavicles n
clavicule
(skeleton) The collarbone; the prominent bone at the top of the chest between the shoulder and the neck connecting the shoulder and the breastbone.

clavicular /klæˈvɪk.jəl.ɚ/ /kləˈvɪk.jəl.ɚ/ /kləˈvɪk.jʊl.ə/ adj
claviculaire
(anatomy) Of or relating to the clavicle.

clavicytherium /ˌklæv.ə.saɪˈθɪə.ɹi.əm/ /ˌklæv.ə.saɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əm/ clavicytheria clavicytheriums n
clavecin verticale clavicythérium
(musical instruments) A harpsichord in which the soundboard and strings are mounted vertically facing the player. [early 16th c.]

claviform /-və-/ /ˈkleɪ-/ /ˈklævɪfɔːm/ /ˈklævɪˌfɔɹm/ more claviform most claviform adj
claviforme
(chiefly, biology) Larger at the tip than at the base; club-shaped.

claw /klɑ/ /klɔ/ /klɔː/ claws n
griffe
A curved, pointed horny nail on each digit of the foot of a mammal, reptile, or bird.
pince
The pincer (chela) of a crustacean or other arthropod.
(botany) A slender appendage or process, formed like a claw, such as the base of petals of the pink.
pied-de-biche pieds-de-biche
A mechanical device resembling a claw, used for gripping or lifting.

claw /klɑ/ /klɔ/ /klɔː/ v
griffer
To scratch or to tear at.
To rail at, revile, or scold (someone or something).
s'agripper
To use the claws to seize, to grip.

clay /kleɪ/ [kl̥eɪ] clays n
argile
A mineral substance made up of small crystals of silica and alumina, that is ductile when moist; the material of pre-fired ceramics.
terre battue
(tennis) A tennis court surface made of crushed stone, brick, shale, or other unbound mineral aggregate.

clay pit clay pits n
argilière
A quarry for clay

claycourt claycourts n
terre battue
(tennis) A court whose surface is made of crushed shale, stone or brick.

clayey /ˈkleɪ(j)i/ /ˈkleɪi/ clayier clayiest adj
argileux glaiseux
Composed of clay or containing (much) clay; clayish.

claystone claystones n
argilite
(geology) Sedimentary rock composed of fine clay particles.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] cleaner cleanest adj
propre net
Not dirty, filthy, or soiled.
abstinent propre
(of criminal, driving, etc. records) Without restrictions or penalties, or someone having such a record.
Not having used drugs or alcohol.
pur propre
Pure, especially morally or religiously.

clean /kleːn/ /klin/ /kliːn/ [kʰl̥eːn] [kʰl̥iːn] [kʰl̥ĩn] v
nettoyer poutzer
(transitive) To remove dirt from a place or object.
ranger nettoyer
(transitive) To tidy up, make a place neat.
nettoyer
(intransitive) To make things clean in general.

clean and jerk clean and jerks n
épaulé-jeté
(weightlifting) The act of lifting the barbell from the floor to a resting position across the front of the shoulders (the clean phase), pausing, and thrusting the barbell over the head to a stationary position in one movement (the jerk phase). The normal technique for both parts of this act involves propelling the barbell upwards, quickly lowering the torso, and then straightening the legs.

clean as a whistle adj
propre comme un sou neuf
(simile) Very clean
blanc comme neige
(simile) Completely innocent; beyond moral reproach.

clean sheet clean sheets n
cage inviolée
(soccer) A game played without having conceded a goal.

clean someone's clock v
battre à plate couture
(idiomatic, informal) To defeat someone decisively, in a physical fight or other competition or negotiation.

clean up v
nettoyer
(transitive) To make an area or a thing clean; to pick up a mess; to tidy.

clean up one's act v
s'acheter une conduite se ranger des voitures
(idiomatic) To reform; to improve one's habits.

cleaner /ˈkli.nɚ/ /ˈkliː.nə/ cleaners n
nettoyeur nettoyeuse
A person whose occupation is to clean floors, windows and other things.
nettoyeur
A device that cleans, such as the vacuum cleaner.
nettoyant
A substance used for cleaning, a cleaning agent.
pressing
(in the plural) A professional laundry or dry cleaner (business). (This form is now interpreted as plural and usually spelled without an apostrophe, even in official usage, to justify the removal of the apostrophe. It was traditionally spelled cleaner's with an apostrophe because this is grammatically correct, as can be seen with forms such as go to the doctor's, which cannot be reinterpreted as plural.)

cleaning agent cleaning agents n
produit de nettoyage

cleaning lady cleaning ladies n
femme de ménage femme d'ouvrage

cleanliness /ˈklɛn.li.nəs/ /ˈklɛn.li.nɪs/ cleanlinesses n
propreté
The property of being cleanly, or habitually clean; good hygiene.

cleanly /ˈkliːnli/ cleanlier cleanliest more cleanly most cleanly adv
proprement
In a clean way, neatly.

cleanness /ˈkliːn.nəs/ cleannesses n
propreté
The state of being physically clean and free of contamination or dirt; cleanliness.

cleanroom cleanrooms n
salle blanche
A room or environment that is controlled in such a way as to minimize airborne particulate matter, typically for the purpose of fabricating sensitive electronic or other devices.

cleanse /klɛnz/ v
purifier
(transitive) To spiritually purify; to free from guilt or sin; to purge.

cleansing /ˈklɛn.zɪŋ/ more cleansing most cleansing adj
détergent détersif
That cleanses.

cleanup /ˈkliːnʌp/ [ˈkʰliːˌnʌp] cleanups n
nettoyage
The act of cleaning or tidying something; the act of finishing something off.

clear /kliɹ/ /klɪə(ɹ)/ clearer clearest adj
clair transparent
Transparent in colour.
clair
Bright; luminous; not dark or obscured.
libre
Free of obstacles.
clair dégagé
Without clouds.
dégagé
(meteorology) Of the sky, such that less than one eighth of its area is obscured by clouds.
clair sans ambiguïté
Free of ambiguity or doubt; easily understood.

clear /kliɹ/ /klɪə(ɹ)/ v
s'éclaircir
(intransitive) To become free from obstruction or obscurement; to become transparent.
clarifier
(transitive) To eliminate ambiguity or doubt from (a matter); to clarify or resolve; to clear up.
dégager
(transitive, intransitive, sports) To hit, kick, head, punch etc. (a ball, puck) away in order to defend one's goal.

clear cut more clear cut most clear cut adj
évident clair direct
(idiomatic) Straightforward, obvious, simple, or basic.

clear one's throat v
se racler la gorge
Forcibly, sometimes mutedly, expelling air from one's lungs, sometimes to clear mucus, sometimes to attract attention to something; less vigorous than coughing.

clear the air v
crever l'abcès détendre l'atmosphère mettre les choses au clair
To assuage a hostile or uncomfortable situation.

clear the table v
desservir
To remove plates, etc. from a table after a meal.

clearance /ˈklɪəɹən(t)s/ /ˈklɪɹən(t)s/ clearances n
tolérance
The distance between two moving objects, especially between parts of a machine
gabarit
The height or width of a tunnel, bridge or other passage, or the distance between a vehicle and the walls or roof of such passage; a gap, headroom.
autorisation
A permission for a vehicle to proceed, or for a person to travel.
liquidation soldes braderie
(retail) A sale of merchandise, especially at significantly reduced prices, usually in order to make room for new merchandise or updated versions of the same merchandise; sometimes as a closeout.
clairance
(medicine) The removal of harmful substances from the blood; renal clearance.
dégagement
(soccer) The act of kicking a ball away from the goal one is defending.

clearcutting clearcuttings n
coupe blanche coupe rase coupe à blanc
A forestry practice in which most or all trees in a harvest area are cut down.

clearing /ˈklɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈklɪɹ.ɪŋ/ clearings n
clarification
The act or process of making or becoming clear.
clairière
An area of land within a wood or forest devoid of trees.

clearing house clearing houses n
chambre de compensation
A central point where clearing banks and other financial firms exchange checks, settle accounts, etc.

clearly /ˈkliːɹli/ /ˈklɪəli/ /ˈklɪɹli/ clearlier clearliest more clearly most clearly adv
clairement
(manner) In a clear manner.

clearness clearnesses n
clarté
The state of being free from obscurities or opacity; distinctness of light, colour etc. [from 17th c.]

cleartext cleartexts n
texte en clair texte lisible
(cryptography) The unencrypted form of an encrypted text; plain text

cleat /kliːt/ cleats n
taquet
(nautical) A device to quickly affix a line or rope, and from which it is also easy to release. Nautical cleat
crampon
A protrusion on the bottom of a shoe or wheel meant for better traction.

cleats /kliːts/ n
chaussures à crampons crampons
A pair of athletic shoes equipped with cleats.

cleavable more cleavable most cleavable adj
scindable
Capable of being cleaved.

cleavage /ˈkli.vɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkliː.vɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈklɪi.vɪd͡ʒ] cleavages n
clivage
The act of cleaving or the state of being cleft. [from 19th c.]
(chemistry) The splitting of a large molecule into smaller ones.
(mineralogy) The tendency of a crystal to split along specific planes. [from 19th c.]
décolleté
The hollow or separation between a woman's breasts, especially as revealed by a low neckline. [from 20th c.]
(by extension) Any similar separation between two body parts, such as the buttocks or toes.
division
(biology) The repeated division of a cell into daughter cells after mitosis. [from 19th c.]

cleave /kliv/ /kliːv/ v
fendre cliver
(transitive) To split or sever something with, or as if with, a sharp instrument.
(transitive, chemistry) To split (a complex molecule) into simpler molecules.
cliver fendre
(intransitive) To split.
cliver tailler
(intransitive, mineralogy) Of a crystal, to split along a natural plane of division.

cleaver /ˈklivɚ/ cleavers n
couperet fendoir
A squarish, heavy knife used by butchers for hacking through bones, etc.

cleavers n
gaillet gratteron
Galium aparine, a herbaceous annual bedstraw of the family Rubiaceae.

clef /klɛf/ clefs n
clé clef
A symbol found on a musical staff that indicates the pitches represented by the lines and the spaces on the staff [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

cleft /klɛft/ clefts n
fissure
An opening, fissure, or V-shaped indentation made by or as if by splitting.

cleft chin cleft chins n
menton fendu menton fourchu
An anatomical genetic trait in which a fissure in the lower jaw causes a visible dimple in the center of the chin.

cleft sentence cleft sentences n
Spaltsatz phrase clivée
(linguistics) A complex sentence whose meaning could be expressed by a simple sentence, that has a dependent clause in front of the main clause, and that typically stresses a particular constituent.

clematis /ˈklɛmətɪs/ clematis clematises n
clématite
(botany) Any plant of the genus Clematis, vigorous climbing lianas found throughout the temperate zones.

clemency /ˈklɛ.mən.si/ /ˈklɛ.mənt.si/ clemencies n
clémence miséricorde commisération compassion pitié
The gentle or kind exercise of power; leniency, mercy; compassion in judging or punishing.
clémence
(legal) A pardon, commutation, or similar reduction, removal, or postponement of legal penalties by an executive officer of a state.

clementine /ˈklɛməntaɪn/ /ˈklɛməntiːn/ clementines n
clémentine
A type of small, sweet-tasting orange, the result of a hybrid cross between the willowleaf variety of mandarin orange (C. × deliciosa) and a sweet orange (C. × sinensis).

clench /klɛnt͡ʃ/ clenches n
poigne prise
A tight grip.

clench /klɛnt͡ʃ/ v
serrer
To grip or hold fast.
To close tightly.

clench one's fists v
serrer les poings
To clench one's fists tightly because of anger.

clerestory /ˈklɪər.stɔːri/ clerestories n
claire-voie clair-étage

clergy /ˈklɜːdʒi/ /ˈklɝd͡ʒi/ clergies n
clergé
Body of persons, such as priests, who are trained and ordained for religious service.

clergyman /ˈklɜːdʒimən/ /ˈklɝd͡ʒimən/ clergymen n
clerc prêtre
An ordained (male) Christian minister, a male member of the clergy.

clergyperson clergypeople clergypersons n
prêtre prêtresse
An ordained (male or female) Christian minister, a member of the clergy.

cleric /ˈklɛɹɪk/ clerics n
clerc ecclésiastique prêtre
A member of the clergy.

clerical /ˈklɛɹɪkəl/ adj
administratif clérical
Of or relating to clerks or their work.

clerical collar clerical collars n
col pasteur col romain
A stiff white collar, having no opening at the front, fastened at the back, worn by members of the Christian clergy.

clericalism clericalisms n
cléricalisme
political or secular power invested in members of the clergy.

clerk /klɐːk/ /klɑːk/ /klɜːk/ /klɝk/ clerks n
greffier greffière
One who occupationally provides assistance by working with records, accounts, letters, etc.; an office worker.

clever /ˈklɛvə/ /ˈklɛvɚ/ cleverer cleverest more clever most clever adj
adroit adroite agile habile talentueux
Nimble with hands or body; skillful; adept.
intelligent malin
Smart, intelligent, or witty; mentally quick or sharp.
malin
(of objects or actions) Showing mental quickness and resourcefulness.
ingénieux
(of objects or actions) Showing inventiveness or originality; witty.

clevis clevises n
chape
A U-shaped coupling having holes at each end, through which a bolt is run; used especially to fit attachments to a tractor or other vehicle as it allows a degree of rotation about the bolt.

clevis pin clevis pins n
tige à épaulement
Part of clevis fastener that allows rotation of the connected parts about the axis of the pin. A clevis pin consists of a head, shank and hole. The hole passes through the shank at the opposite end of the pin from the head. A cotter pin or similar through the hole keeps the clevis pin in place.

cliché /kliˈʃeɪ/ /ˈkliːʃeɪ/ clichés n
cliché lieu commun platitude poncif
Something, most often a phrase or expression, that is overused or used outside its original context, so that its original impact and meaning are lost. A trite saying; a platitude. [from 19th c.]

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] clicks n
clic déclic
A brief, sharp, not particularly loud, relatively high-pitched sound produced by the impact of something small and hard against something hard, such as by the operation of a switch, a lock, or a latch.
clic
Sound made by a dolphin.
(GUI) The act of pressing a button on a computer mouse or similar input device, both as a physical act and a reaction in the software.

click /klɪk/ [kʰl̥ɪk] v
cliquer
(transitive) To cause to make a click; to operate (a switch, etc) so that it makes a click.
(computing) To press and release (a button on a computer mouse).
(transitive, GUI) To select a software item using, usually, but not always, the pressing of a mouse button.

click and collect /klɪk ænd kəˈlɛkt/ n
cliqué-retiré retrait en magasin

click beetle click beetles n
taupin agriote
Any of various beetles of the family Elateridae, generally less than 20 mm long, which, if turned upside down, flip themselves into the air with a clicking sound.

clickably more clickably most clickably adv
cliquablement

clickbait /ˈklɪkbeɪt/ clickbaits n
piège à clics putaclic
(Internet, _, marketing, pejorative) Website content that is aimed at generating advertising revenue, especially at the expense of quality or accuracy, relying on sensationalist headlines to attract click-throughs; such headlines.

clicktivism n
clictivisme
(informal, derogatory) Half-hearted activism on the Internet, lacking actual engagement with the real-world issues.

client /ˈklaɪ.ənt/ clients n
client cliente
A customer, a buyer or receiver of goods or services.
client
(computing) The role of a computer application or system that requests and/or consumes the services provided by another having the role of server.
A person who receives help or services from a professional such as a lawyer or accountant.

client state client states n
État client
A state that is economically, politically and/or militarily dependent on another, more powerful state. Originally, the realm of a client king of Rome.

clientele /klaɪ.ənˈtɛl/ /kliː.ɒnˈtɛl/ [klaɪ.n̩ˈtɛl] [kliː.n̩ˈtel] [klɑɪ.n̩ˈtel] clienteles n
clientèle
The body or class of people who frequent an establishment or purchase a service, especially when considered as forming a more-or-less homogeneous group of clients in terms of values or habits.

clientelism [klaɪ.n̩ˈtɛl.ɪ.zm̩] [klaɪ.ənˈtɛl.ɪ.zm̩] [kliː.n̩ˈtel.ɪ.zm̩] [kliː.ɒnˈtɛl.ɪ.zm̩] [klɑɪ.n̩ˈtel.ɪ.zm̩] clientelisms n
clientélisme
A political system based on personal relations rather than personal merits.

clientelist /klaɪ.ənˈtɛl.ɪst/ /kli.ənˈtɛl.ɪst/ /kliː.ɒnˈtɛl.ɪst/ [klaɪ.n̩ˈtɛl.ɪst] [kli.n̩ˈtɛl.ɪst] [kliː.ɔnˈtel.ɪst] [klɑɪ.n̩ˈtel.ɪst] adj
clientéliste
Of or relating to clientelism.

cliff /klɪf/ [kl̥ʰɪf] cliffs n
falaise
A vertical (or nearly vertical) rock face.

cliffhanger /ˌklɪfˈhæŋ.ə(ɹ)/ cliffhangers n
cliffhanger
(narratology) An ending or stopping point calculated to leave a story unresolved, in order to create suspense.

climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/ /ˈklaɪ.mɪt/ climates n
climat
The long-term manifestations of weather and other atmospheric conditions in a given area or country, now usually represented by the statistical summary of its weather conditions during a period long enough to ensure that representative values are obtained (generally 30 years).
(figuratively) The context in general of a particular political, moral, etc., situation.

climate change /ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/ climate changes n
changement climatique dérèglement climatique
Rapid, large-scale, and long-term change in the Earth's climatic system produced by global warming; anthropogenic climate change.

climate control climate controls n
chauffage, ventilation et climatisation

climate denier climate deniers n
climato-négationniste climato-sceptique

climate migrant climate migrants n
migrant climatique migrante climatique

climate refugee climate refugees n
réfugié climatique réfugié écologique
A person who is forced to relocate in response to anthropogenic climate change that has made their region unliveable.

climate sceptic climate sceptics n
climato-sceptique
A person who does not believe climate change is happening or does not believe it is caused by human activity.

climatic /klaɪˈmætɪk/ adj
climatique
Of, relating to, or influenced by climate.

climatological more climatological most climatological adj
climatologique
Of or pertaining to climatology.

climatologist climatologists n
climatologue climatologiste
A person who studies, professes or practices climatology.

climatology /klaɪ.mɪˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /klaɪ.mɪˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ climatologies n
climatologie
The science that deals with climates, and investigates their phenomena and causes.

climax /ˈklaɪ.mæks/ climaces climaxes n
climax
(originally, rhetoric) A rhetorical device in which a series is arranged in ascending order.
apogée paroxysme
(narratology) The culmination of a narrative's rising action, the turning point.
orgasme jouissance
(euphemistic) The culmination of sexual pleasure, an orgasm.

climb /klaɪm/ climbs n
montée
An act of climbing.

climb /klaɪm/ v
monter grimper
(intransitive) To ascend; rise; to go up.
grimper escalader gravir
(transitive) To mount; to move upwards on.
grimper escalader
(transitive) To scale; to get to the top of something.
(transitive) To move (especially up and down something) by gripping with the hands and using the feet.
escalader grimper
(intransitive) To practise the sport of climbing.

climb up v
gravir
(transitive) to gradually ascend something

climber /ˈklaɪmə/ /ˈklaɪmɚ/ climbers n
grimpeur grimpeuse
Someone or something that climbs (such as a mountain climber).
(cycle racing) A cyclist who specializes in riding especially well on steep hills or roads.

climbing /ˈklaɪ̯mɪŋ/ climbings n
escalade
(uncountable) The sport of climbing, ascending a wall or a rock or another object using available holds, generally with the safety of a rope and belayer.

climbing shoe climbing shoes n
chausson d'escalade
A kind of close-fitting footwear designed for rock climbing

clinch /klɪnt͡ʃ/ clinches n
attache fixation
Any of several fastenings.
clinch
(wrestling, combat sports) The act of one or both fighters holding onto the other to prevent being hit or engage in standup grappling.

clinch /klɪnt͡ʃ/ v
agrafer
To clasp; to interlock.

cling /ˈklɪŋ/ v
accrocher coller
To hold very tightly, as to not fall off.

cling film /ˈklɪŋˌfɪlm/ cling films n
film étirable
(British) A plastic film (originally polyvinylidene chloride but now polyethylene) that is so light and thin that it clings to any object about which it is wrapped; used to cover and preserve foodstuffs etc.

clingfilm /ˈklɪŋfɪlm/ clingfilms n
film étirable
(Britain, Ireland) Light, transparent plastic film used as a wrapping for food etc.

clinging vine clinging vines n
pot de colle

clingy /ˈklɪŋi/ clingier clingiest adj
collant collante
Having a tendency to cling.
(informal, usually, derogatory) Pathetically attached to, or possessive of someone, usually a significant other.

clinic /ˈklɪnɪk/ clinics n
clinique
A medical facility, such as a hospital, especially one for the treatment and diagnosis of outpatients.

clinical /ˈklɪnɪkəl/ more clinical most clinical adj
clinique
(medicine) Dealing with the practical management of patients, in practice#Noun at the point of care; as contrasted with other health care venues (see clinical medicine#Noun for more explanation).
Of or pertaining to a clinic, such as a medical clinic or law clinic.

clinical death clinical deaths n
mort clinique
(medicine, legal) A state in which usual medically observable vital signs—such as respiration, heartbeat, and corneal reflex—are not present, but from which patients are sometimes revived.

clinical psychology n
psychologie clinique
(psychology) A branch of psychology with the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.

clinically more clinically most clinically adv
cliniquement
In the setting of a medical clinic; in a clinical setting; (of a health condition) to a degree high enough to be relevant to clinical practice.

clinker-built /ˌklɪŋkəˈbɪlt/ /ˌklɪŋkɚˈbɪlt/ adj
bordé à clin
(nautical) Of a boat or ship: having the hull constructed using planks or plates laid so that each plank overlaps the edge of the plank or plate below it, and in the case of plates, behind it; the planks were traditionally secured by nails which had been clenched (or clinched), that is, after being hammered through the planks the points of the nails were bent to make them unremovable.

clinopyroxene /-nə-/ /ˌklaɪnoʊpaɪˈɹɑksin/ /ˌklaɪnə(ʊ)paɪˈɹɒksiːn/ clinopyroxenes n
clinopyroxène
(mineral) Any pyroxene that has a monoclinic crystal structure.

clip /klɪp/ [kl̥ʰɪp] clips n
pince
Something which clips or grasps; a device for attaching one object to another.
clip extrait
Something which has been clipped from a larger whole:
tonte
A short piece of audio (shortened version of audio clip, or alternatively clipping of audio).
An act of clipping, such as a haircut.
accolade étreinte
(obsolete) An embrace.

clip /klɪp/ [kl̥ʰɪp] v
maintenir
To grip tightly.
découper
To cut, especially with scissors or shears as opposed to a knife etc.
pincer
To fasten with a clip.
taper
(dialectal, informal) To strike with the hand.
accrocher
To hit or strike, especially in passing.

clip someone's wings v
couper les ailes
(idiomatic) To restrict someone's freedom.

clip-clop /k͜ǃ.k͜ǃ/ /ˈklɪp.klɑːp/ /ˈklɪp.klɒp/ /ˈklɪp.klɔp/ clip-clops n
cataclop tagada
(onomatopoeia) The sound of steps on hard ground, especially of a horse's hooves.

clipboard clipboards n
planchette à pince presse-papiers
(computing) A buffer in memory where the user can store data temporarily while transferring it from one place within an application to another or between applications.

clipper clippers n
clipper
(nautical) Any of several forms of very fast sailing ships having a long, low hull and a sharply raked stem.

clipping /ˈklɪpɪŋ/ clippings n
troncation
(countable, linguistics) A short form (of a longer word) created by removing syllables, often terminal ones.

clique /kliːk/ /ˈklɪk/ cliques n
clique
A small, exclusive group of individuals, usually according to lifestyle or social status; a cabal.

clit /klɪt/ [kʰl̥ɪt] clits n
clito
(slang, often, derogatory) A penis likened to a clitoris, especially in terms of smallness.

clit tease clit teases n
allumeur
(slang, vulgar) A person, usually a man, who teases a woman with a promise (either implicit or explicit) of sexual fulfillment but does not deliver on it.

clitic /ˈklɪtɪk/ clitics n
clitique
(linguistics) A morpheme that functions like a word, but never appears as an independent word, instead being always attached to a following or preceding word (or, in some cases, within a surrounding word).

clitoral /klɪˈtɔɹəl/ /ˈklɪtəɹəl/ adj
clitoridien
Of, or relating to the clitoris.

clitoral glans clitoral glandes clitoral glans n
gland clitoridien gland du clitoris
(anatomy) An external part of the clitoris covered by the clitoral hood.

clitoral hood clitoral hoods n
capuchon clitoridien capuchon du clitoris prépuce clitoridien
(anatomy) A prepuce or fold of skin that surrounds the clitoris; homologous with the male foreskin.

clitoridectomy clitoridectomies n
clitoridectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the clitoris; female circumcision

clitoris /klɪˈtɔɹɪs/ /ˈklɪtəɹɪs/ clitorides clitorises n
clitoris
(anatomy) A sensitive elongated erectile organ at the anterior part of the vulva in female humans and mammals, homologous with the penis. [from 17th c.]

cloaca /kloʊˈeɪkə/ /kləʊˈeɪkə/ cloacae cloacas n
cloaque
(zoology) The duct in reptiles, amphibians and birds, as well as fish and some mammals, which serves as the common outlet for urination, defecation, and reproduction.
(anatomy) A duct through which gangrenous material escapes a body.

cloak /ˈkloʊk/ cloaks n
pèlerine pelisse
A long outer garment worn over the shoulders covering the back; a cape, often with a hood.

cloak-and-dagger adj
de cape et d’épée
Marked by menacing furtive secrecy, often with a melodramatic tint or espionage involved.

cloakroom /ˈkləʊkɹuːm/ /ˈkləʊkɹʊm/ cloakrooms n
vestiaire consigne
(British, Irish, India) A room intended for holding luggage, as at an airport.

cloakroom attendant cloakroom attendants n
vestiaire vestiairiste

clobber /ˈklɑb.ɚ/ /ˈklɒb.ə(ɹ)/ n
tabasser
écraser
(slang) A thumping or beating.
tabassage écraser
A bash on say the head, typically with a tool or object rather than with fists.

cloche /kloʊʃ/ /klɒʃ/ cloches n
cloche
A bell-shaped, close-fitting women’s hat with a deep rounded crown and narrow rim.
A tableware cover, often resembling a bell.

clock /klɑk/ /klɒk/ /klɔk/ [kl̥ɒχ] clocks n
horloge berloqe sourder
(attributive) A common noun relating to an instrument that measures or keeps track of time.
compteur de vitesse indicateur de vitesse
(British) The odometer of a motor vehicle.

clock face clock faces n
cadran
The surface of a clock that contains the dial and hands.

clock in v
embaucher pointer
(US) To begin working time, especially by punching in (entering a workplace by punching a time card with the time clock).

clock is ticking phraseologicalUnit
l'horloge tourne
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the and often followed by for) Time is running out; a deadline is approaching.

clock speed clock speeds n
fréquence d'horloge fréquence de base fréquence de base de temps fréquence de synchronisation vitesse d'horloge
(computing) The rate, measured in hertz, at which a processor performs its fundamental operations.

clock tower clock towers n
tour de l'horloge
(architecture) A tower, usually in a prominent position, having a large clock in a high position, often with several faces.

clockmaker clockmakers n
horlogère horloger
A person who makes and/or maintains clocks.

clockwise /ˈklɒkwaɪz/ adv
sens des aiguilles d’une montre sens horaire
In a curve or twist corresponding to the movement of the hands of a clock.

clockwork /ˈklɑkwɝk/ /ˈklɒkwɜːk/ clockworks n
rouage
A mechanism powered by a coiled spring and regulated by some form of escapement; the power is transmitted through toothed gearwheels and used to drive a mechanical clock, toy, or other device.

clocky clockier clockiest adj
clocky

clod /klɑd/ /klɒd/ clods n
motte
A lump of something, especially earth or clay.
Part of a shoulder of beef, or of the neck piece near the shoulder.
andouille cruche
A stupid person; a dolt.

clodhopper /ˈklɑdˌhɑpɚ/ /ˈklɒdˌhɒpə/ clodhoppers n
écrase-merde
A strong shoe for heavy-duty use, a boot.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ clogs n
sabot
A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.
bouchon
A weight, such as a log or block of wood, attached to a person or animal to hinder motion.

clog /klɑɡ/ /klɒɡ/ /klɔɡ/ v
boucher
To block or slow passage through (often with 'up).

clogger cloggers n
sabotier
A maker of the shoes called clogs.

cloister /ˈklɔɪstə/ /ˈklɔɪstɚ/ cloisters n
cloître
A covered walk with an open colonnade on one side, running along the walls of buildings that face a quadrangle; especially:
A place, especially a monastery or convent, devoted to religious seclusion.
(la vie des) cloîtres
(figuratively) The monastic life.

cloistral more cloistral most cloistral adj
claustral
Of, pertaining to, resembling or living in a cloister.
monacal monastique
Sheltered from the world; monastic.

clonazepam /kloʊˈnæz.əˌpæm/ /ˌkləʊˈnaz.ɪ.pam/ /ˌkləʊˈneɪ.zɪ.pam/ n
clonazépam
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A benzodiazepine with potent anticonvulsant used especially in the treatment of epilepsy and other seizure disorders; TemplateParserError:LuaError. It is a derivative of nitrazepam.

clone /kloʊn/ /kləʊn/ clones n
clone
A living organism (originally a plant) produced asexually from a single ancestor, to which it is genetically identical.
(cytology) A group of identical cells derived from a single cell.
A copy or imitation of something already existing, especially when designed to simulate it.

clone /kloʊn/ /kləʊn/ v
cloner
(transitive) To create a clone of.

close /kloʊs/ /kləʊs/ closer closest adj
proche près
At a little distance; near.
proche
Intimate; well-loved.
lourd
(Ireland, UK, weather) Hot, humid, with no wind.

close /kloʊs/ /kləʊs/ closes n
cul-de-sac
(chiefly British) A street that ends in a dead end.

close /kloʊz/ /kləʊz/ closes n
conclusion achèvement fin
An end or conclusion.

close /kloʊz/ /kləʊz/ v
conclure
(transitive, intransitive, electricity, of a switch, fuse or circuit breaker) To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.
fermer clore boucher
(ambitransitive) To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
(ergative, computing) To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
clore terminer conclure finir mettre fin à
(transitive) To put an end to; to conclude.
fermer clore
(intransitive) To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.

close combat n
combat rapproché
violent physical confrontation between two or more opponents at short range

close down /kləʊzˈdaʊn/ v
faire fermer fermer
(ambitransitive) To stop trading as a business.

close in on v
enserrer
(idiomatic) To enclose around; to tighten or shrink; to collapse.
se rapprocher
(idiomatic) To catch up with in a chase; to near the end of a pursuit.
approcher
(idiomatic) To near a goal or completion.

close one's eyes v
fermer les yeux ignorer
(idiomatic) To ignore something.

close ranks v
serrer les rangs
(figuratively) To regroup forces, especially when this involves overlooking differences in order to face a challenge or adverse situation. Often implies making a show of unity, especially to the public.

close the stable door after the horse has bolted v
c'est de la moutarde après dîner
(idiomatic) To attempt to prevent a problem that has already occurred; to design and implement a preventive mechanism too late (after the first failure instead of before).

close to preposition
proche de près de
Near.

close up shop v
baisser le rideau fermer boutique mettre la clé sous la porte

close, but no cigar /ˈkloʊs bʌt noʊ sɪˈɡɑɹ/ /ˈkləʊs bʌt nəʊ sɪˈɡɑː/ phraseologicalUnit
presque réussi, mais raté
(idiomatic, originally, US, colloquial) Used to indicate that one is almost correct or has almost succeeded, but not quite. [from early 20th c.]

close-fitting more close-fitting most close-fitting adj
serré
(of clothing etc.) Snug, tight, form-fitting.

close-mid adj
mi-fermé
(phonetics, of a vowel) pronounced with the tongue in a position approximately two-thirds of the way between an open and a close vowel

close-up /ˈkləʊsʌp/ close-ups n
gros plan plan rapproché
(photography) A photographic (or other) image in which the subject is shown at a relatively large scale, and occupies most or all of the frame.

closed /kloʊzd/ /kləʊzd/ adj
fermé
Sealed, made inaccessible or impassable; not open.
(of a store or business) Not operating or conducting trade.
fermé privé
Not public.

closed question closed questions n
question fermée

closed set closed sets n
ensemble fermé

closed syllable closed syllables n
syllabe fermée
(linguistics) A syllable that ends in a consonant.

closely /ˈkləʊsliː/ closelier closeliest more closely most closely adv
près
étroitement
In a close manner.

closemouthed more closemouthed most closemouthed adj
peu bavard taciturne
reticent, secretive or uncommunicative

closer /ˈkloʊ.zɚ/ /ˈkləʊ.zɚ/ closers n
stoppeur
(baseball) A relief pitcher who specializes in getting the last three outs of the game. See Wikipedia:closer (baseball)

closet /ˈklɑzɪt/ /ˈklɒzɪt/ closets n
placard
A small room within a house used to store clothing, food, or other household supplies.
(obsolete) Any private space, (particularly) bowers in the open air.
(archaic) A private room used for prayer or other devotions.
(archaic) The private residence or private council chamber of a monarch.
(figuratively, archaic) A place of (usually, fanciful) contemplation and theorizing.
(now, rare) Any private or inner room, (particularly):
(obsolete) A private room used by women to groom and dress themselves.
(obsolete) A pew or side-chapel reserved for a monarch or other feudal lord.
(archaic) One used to store curiosities.
(figuratively) A secret or hiding place, (particularly) the hiding place in English idioms such as in the closet and skeleton in the closet.
(obsolete) One used to store valuables.
(slang, uncommon) .
A private cabinet, (particularly):
(US, Philippines) One intended for storing clothes or bedclothes.
(now, chiefly, Scotland, Ireland) Any small room or side-room, (particularly):
(obsolete) , (later, UK) : a room containing a toilet.
(heraldiccharge) An ordinary similar to a bar but half as broad.
(Scotland, obsolete) A sewer.
A state or condition of secrecy, privacy, or obscurity.

closeup /ˈkləʊs.ʌp/ closeups n
gros plan
(film) A video or film recording made with the camera positioned close to an actor, often so that only the head or face is visible.

closing /ˈkloʊzɪŋ/ /ˈkləʊzɪŋ/ closings n
clôture
The end or conclusion of something.

closing credits n
générique de fin
The credits shown at the end of a film, TV program, etc.

clostridium clostridia n
clostridie

closure /ˈkloʊ.ʒɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ closures n
fermeture
(topology, of a set) The smallest closed set which contains the given set.
The act of shutting or closing something permanently or temporarily.

closure temperature closure temperatures n
température de blocage température de fermeture
(geology) The temperature, of a mineral, etc., below which there is no significant diffusion of isotopes into the external environment; the temperature of said mineral at the time it was formed (as calculated by radiometric dating).

clot /klɒt/ clots n
caillot thrombus
A thrombus, solidified mass of blood.
idiot imbécile
A silly person.

clot /klɒt/ v
coaguler cailler
(transitive) To cause to clot or form into a mass.

cloth /kloʊθ/ /klɑθ/ /klɒθ/ /klɔːθ/ /klɔθ/ clothes cloths n
tissu étoffe
(countable, uncountable) A fabric, usually made of woven, knitted, or felted fibres or filaments, such as used in dressing, decorating, cleaning or other practical use.
(metaphoric) Appearance; seeming.
tissu
(countable) A piece of cloth used for a particular purpose.
tenue
A form of attire that represents a particular profession or status.

clothe /ˈkloʊð/ /ˈkləʊð/ v
habiller vêtir
(transitive) To adorn or cover with clothing; to dress; to supply clothes or clothing.

clothes /kloʊ(ð)z/ /kləʊ(ð)z/ n
vêtements
(plural only) Items of clothing; apparel.

clothes don't make the man proverb
l’habit ne fait pas le moine
You cannot accurately judge a person solely by appearances.

clothes dryer clothes dryers n
sèche-linge
An electrical appliance used for drying clothes, usually by tumbling them in a heated rotating drum.

clothes iron clothes irons n
fer à repasser
A hand-held device with a heated flat metal base used to smooth out wrinkles in clothes; an iron.

clothes moth clothes moths n
mite mite des vêtements teigne
Any of several small, yellowish or buff-colored moths of the family Tineidae, feeding on textiles (wool, fur, feathers).

clothes peg clothes pegs n
pince à linge épingle à linge
(British, Australia, NZ) An object (usually made of wood or plastic) used to attach wet laundry to a clothesline so that it (the laundry) can dry.

clothes-brush clothes-brushes n
vergette
A type of brush designed for dusting and tidying (especially formal) clothes.

clotheshorse clotheshorses n
tancarville étendoir
A frame on which laundry is hung to dry.

clothesline /ˈkloʊðzlaɪn/ /ˈkləʊðzlaɪn/ clotheslines n
corde à linge
A rope or cord tied up outdoors to hang clothes on so they can dry.

clothing /ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ clothings n
vêtements habits
An act or instance of putting clothes on.

clotted cream clotted creams n
crème caillée
A thick, sweet dairy product, made by skimming the thickened layer off the top of unhomogenized cream that has been heated and allowed to stand. Fat content is at least 55%.

cloud /klaʊd/ clouds n
nuage
A visible mass of water droplets suspended in the air.
Any mass of dust, steam or smoke resembling such a mass.
Anything which makes things foggy or gloomy.
A group or swarm, especially suspended above the ground or flying.
cloud nuage
(computing, with "the") The Internet, regarded as an abstract amorphous omnipresent space for processing and storage, the focus of cloud computing.

cloud /klaʊd/ v
s'obscurcir
(intransitive) To become foggy or gloomy, or obscured from sight.

cloud bank cloud banks n
barre de nuages
A wall of clouds, rising above horizon or observed from a distance, but not overhead.

cloud chamber cloud chambers n
chambre à brouillard

cloud computing n
infonuagique informatique en nuage
(informal, computing) Computing services provided over the Internet (or "cloud"), whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices on demand.

cloud nine /ˈklaʊd ˈnaɪn/ n
septième ciel
(idiomatic) Often in the phrase on cloud nine: a state of bliss, elation or happiness.

cloud over v
couvrir ennuager
(intransitive) To become cloudy or overcast.

cloud-cuckoo-land /klaʊdˈkʊkuːlænd/ n
Coucouville-les-Nuées
An imaginary place where silly or unrealistic people metaphorically reside.

cloudberry /ˈklaʊdbəɹi/ /ˈklaʊdbɹi/ /ˈklaʊdˌbɛɹi/ cloudberries n
plaquebière
A species of slow-growing bramble, Rubus chamaemorus.
plaquebière mûre des marais ronce des tourbières chicoutai chicouté mûre arctique
The fruit of these plants.

cloudburst /ˈklaʊdˌbɜːst/ /ˈklaʊdˌbɝst/ cloudbursts n
averse
A sudden heavy rainstorm.

clouded leopard clouded leopards n
panthère nébuleuse léopard tacheté panthère longibande
A medium-sized, arboreal cat (Neofelis nebulosa) found in Southeast Asia. It has a disproportionately long tail and canines, and a tawny coat with dark, irregular, oval markings.

cloudiness cloudinesses n
nébulosité
(figurative) Of information, a writing style, etc.: the property of being obscure.

cloudless sulfur cloudless sulfurs n
piéride des jardins piéride soumaké
(entomology) A yellow pierid butterfly, Phoebis sennae, found in the Americas.

cloudy /ˈklaʊdi/ /ˈklaʊːdɪ/ /ˈkɫaʊdi/ cloudier cloudiest adj
nuageux
Covered with or characterised by clouds; overcast.
trouble
Not transparent or clear.
brumeux nébuleux opaque
Uncertain; unclear.

clout /klaʊt/ /klʌʊt/ clouts n
influence
(informal) Influence or effectiveness, especially political.
coup
(regional, informal) A blow with the hand.

clout nail clout nails n
clou

clove /kloʊv/ /kləʊv/ cloves n
clou de girofle
(uncountable, countable) A very pungent aromatic spice, the unexpanded flower bud of the clove tree.
gousse
(horticulture, cooking) One of the small bulbs formed in the axils of the scales of a large bulb.

clove hitch clove hitches n
nœud de batelier nœud de cabestan
(nautical) a bend formed by two half hitches in the same direction, used to make a line fast to a spar or to a larger rope; it will not slip

cloven adj
fendu
Split, sundered, or divided.

clover /ˈkloʊ.vɚ/ /ˈkləʉ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈkləʊ.və(ɹ)/ clovers n
trèfle
A plant of the genus Trifolium with leaves usually divided into three (rarely four) leaflets and with white or red flowers.

cloverleaf interchange cloverleaf interchanges n
échangeur en trèfle
(US, Canada) A junction of two highways, one crossing over the other, having a series of exit and entrance ramps, arranged in the form of a four-leaf clover, such that traffic may proceed from either highway in all directions.

clown /klaʊn/ clowns n
clown bouffon bouffonne pitre clownesse
A slapstick performance artist often associated with a circus and usually characterized by bright, oversized clothing, a red nose, face paint, and a brightly colored wig.
bouffon guignol mariole pitre andouille bouffonne
A person who acts in a silly fashion.

clownfish clownfish clownfishes n
poisson clown poisson-clown
Any of colorful fish of genera Amphiprion and Premnas in subfamily Amphiprioninae of family Pomacentridae, native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans, notable for their mutual relationship with sea anemones.

clownish /ˈklaʊnɪʃ/ more clownish most clownish adj
clownesque
Resembling or characteristic of a circus clown; comical, ridiculous.

clownlike more clownlike most clownlike adj
clownesque
Resembling a clown or some aspect of clowns.

cloying /ˈklɔɪ.ɪŋ/ more cloying most cloying adj
écœurant
Excessively sweet.

cloze /kloʊz/ /kləʊz/ clozes n
texte à trous

club /klʌb/ clubs n
club
An association of members joining together for some common purpose, especially sports or recreation.
An implement to hit the ball in certain ball games, such as golf.
gourdin bâton
A heavy object, often a kind of stick, intended for use as a bludgeoning weapon or a plaything.
boîte de nuit boîte
An establishment that provides staged entertainment, often with food and drink, such as a nightclub.
trèfle
(card games) A black clover shape (♣), one of the four symbols used to mark the suits of playing cards.

club /klʌb/ v
bâtonner
(transitive) To hit with a club.

club soda club sodas n
soda club
(North America) A carbonated beverage consisting mainly of carbonated water, with or without a few other minor ingredients such as potassium citrate.

clubfoot clubfeet n
pied bot
(medicine) A congenital deformity of the foot in which the ankle, heel and toes are twisted.

clubs /klʌbz/ n
trèfle
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♣.

cluck /klʌk/ clucks n
gloussement
The sound made by a hen, especially when brooding, or calling her chicks.

cluck /klʌk/ v
glousser
(transitive) To cause (the tongue) to make a clicking sound.

clue /kljuː/ /kluː/ clues n
indice
Information which may lead one to a certain point or conclusion.
indice piste
An object or a kind of indication which may be used as evidence.
idée
Insight or understanding ("to have a clue [about]" or "to have clue". See have a clue, clue stick)

clue /kljuː/ /kluː/ v
informer
To provide someone with information which he or she lacks (often used with "in" or "up").

clueless /ˈkluː.ləs/ more clueless most clueless adj
ignorant
Lacking knowledge or understanding; uninformed; oblivious.

clump /klʌmp/ clumps n
amas
A cluster or lump; an unshaped piece or mass.
touffe
A thick group or bunch, especially of bushes or hair.
massif
A small group of trees or plants.

clumsily more clumsily most clumsily adv
maladroitement
In a clumsy manner or way; without care or finesse, often hurriedly or awkwardly.

clumsiness /ˈklʌm.zi.nəs/ clumsinesses n
maladresse inélégance
A lack of coordination or elegance; the condition or quality of being clumsy.

clumsy /ˈklʌmzi/ clumsier clumsiest adj
maladroit gauche empoté lourd
Awkward, lacking coordination, not graceful, not dextrous.

clunker /ˈklʌŋkɚ/ clunkers n
guimbarde tacot
(informal) A decrepit motor car.

cluster /ˈklʌstə/ /ˈklʌstɚ/ clusters n
amas
(astronomy) A group of galaxies, nebulae, or stars that appear to the naked eye to be near each other.
grappe groupe régime
A bunch or group of several discrete items that are close to each other.
grappe régime
(epidemiology) A group of cases of the same disease occurring around the same place or time.
(linguistics) Synonym of lexical bundle (“a sequence of two or more words that occur in a language with high frequency but are not idiomatic”)
A set of bombs or mines released as part of the same blast.

cluster bomb cluster bombs n
arme à sous-munitions bombe à sous-munitions
An explosive munition designed to explode in the air and release a cluster of smaller explosives, thus spreading the blast over a larger area.

clustered index clustered indexes clustered indices n
index cluster
(databases) a type of database index that physically sorts the data in a table on the disk to match the criteria specified by the index.

clusterfuck /ˈklʌs.təˌfʌk/ /ˈklʌs.tɚˌfʌk/ clusterfucks n
foutoir bordel caillon merdier
(slang, vulgar) A chaotic situation where everything seems to go wrong, often caused by communication failure, a complex environment, or incompetence.

clustering clusterings n
regroupement
(writing) A prewriting technique consisting of writing ideas down on a sheet of paper around a central idea within a circle, with the related ideas radially joined to the circle using rays.

clutch /klʌt͡ʃ/ clutches n
couvée nichée
A group or bunch (of people or things). [from 20th c.]
embrayage débrayage
A device to interrupt power transmission, commonly used to separate the engine and gearbox in a car. [from 19th c.]
embrayage pédale d'embrayage
The pedal in a car that disengages power and torque transmission from the engine (through the drivetrain) to the drive wheels.
pochette
A small handbag or purse with no straps or handle.

clutch /klʌt͡ʃ/ v
agripper serrer
To grip or grasp tightly. [from 17th c.]

clutch pedal clutch pedals n
pédale d'embrayage
(automotive) A pedal in a manual transmission car that modulates the clutch mechanism, via clutch plate pressure.

clutter /ˈklʌtə(ɹ)/ /ˈklʌtɚ/ [ˈklʌɾɚ] clutters n
bordel bric-à-brac encombrement
(uncountable) A confused disordered jumble of things.

clutter /ˈklʌtə(ɹ)/ /ˈklʌtɚ/ [ˈklʌɾɚ] v
encombrer
To fill something with clutter.

cluttered more cluttered most cluttered adj
encombré
Scattered with a disorderly mixture of objects that take up space; littered.

cnidarian /naɪˈdeɹ.i.ən/ /nɪˈdeɹ.i.ən/ /nɪˈdɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /nʌɪˈdɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ cnidarians n
cnidaire
(zoology) Any of various invertebrate animals, such as jellyfish, hydras, sea anemones, corals and formerly sponges and ctenophores that belong to the phylum Cnidaria. [from 19th c.]

cnidoblastic adj
cnidoblastique

cnoidal /ˈknɔɪd(ə)l/ /ˈnɔɪd(ə)l/ adj
cnoïdal

co- /kɒ/ /ˈkoʊ-/ /ˈkəʉ-/ /ˈkəʊ-/ prefix
co-
together; mutually; jointly

co-cathedral co-cathedrals n
cocathédrale
(Christianity) One of a group of churches (usually a pair) which share the function of being the seat of a bishop.

co-counselling n
co-écoute
A form of self-help counselling in which each person takes equal turns, usually in pairs, to work on the things in themselves and their lives that they would like to change. This person is mostly or wholly in charge; the other person or people mainly give supportive attention, or suggest ways of working.

co-ed /ˌkoʊˈɛd/ more co-ed most co-ed adj
mixte
Of an educational institution, teaching both males and females.
Mixing males and females; unisex; mixed-gender.

co-ed /ˌkoʊˈɛd/ co-eds n
étudiante
(US, dated, informal) A young woman who attends college.

co-edition co-editions n
coédition

co-father-in-law co-fathers-in-law n
père de la belle-fille père du gendre
The father of one's son- or daughter-in-law; that is, the father-in-law of one's child, or, the father of one spouse in relation to the father of the other spouse; either of two or more men whose children marry each other, such as the father of a bride vis-à-vis the father of the groom.

co-mother-in-law co-mothers-in-law n
mère de la belle-fille mère du gendre
(uncommon) The mother of one's children-in-law; that is, the mother-in-law of one's children, or, the mother of one spouse in relation to the parents of the other spouse; either of two or more women whose children marry each other, such as the mother of a bride vis-à-vis the mother of the groom.

co-official adj
coofficiel
Jointly official, having full official status alongside another official one.

co-opt /kəʊˈɒpt/ v
coopter
To elect as a fellow member of a group, such as a committee.

co-owner co-owners n
copropriétaire
Someone who owns something together with one or more other people.

co-parent co-parents n
coparent
A divorced or separated parent who shares custody with the other parent.

co-religionist /kəʊɹɪˈlɪdʒənɪst/ co-religionists n
coreligionnaire
A fellow follower of one's religion.

co-responsibility co-responsibilities n
coresponsabilité

co-responsible more co-responsible most co-responsible adj
coresponsable

co-sister-in-law co-sisters-in-law n
co-belle-sœur

co-wife /ˈkoʊ.waɪf/ /ˈkəʊ.waɪf/ co-wives n
co-épouse coépouse sœur-épouse
In a polygamous marriage, another wife of a woman’s husband.

coach /koʊt͡ʃ/ /kəʊtʃ/ [kʰoʊ̯t͡ʃ] [kʰəʊ̯tʃ] adv
coacher entraîner entrainer instruire
(chiefly, US) Via the part of a commercial passenger airplane or train reserved for those paying the lower standard fares; via the economy section.

coach /koʊt͡ʃ/ /kəʊtʃ/ [kʰoʊ̯t͡ʃ] [kʰəʊ̯tʃ] coaches n
coche
A wheeled vehicle, generally drawn by horse power.
voiture
(rail, UK, Australia) A passenger car, either drawn by a locomotive or part of a multiple unit.
entraineur entraineuse
(originally, Oxford University, _, slang) A trainer or instructor.
autocar
(British, Australia) A long-distance, or privately hired, bus.

coach driver coach drivers n
cocher
A person driving a horse-drawn coach (carriage).

coachwork coachworks n
carrosserie
The body of a motor vehicle (as opposed to the chassis).

coadjutor /kəʊəˈd͡ʒuːtə/ /kəʊˈæd͡ʒʊtə/ coadjutors n
coadjuteur
(ecclesiastical) An assistant to a bishop.

coagulate /koʊˈæɡ.jə.lət/ /kəʊˈæɡ.jʊ.lət/ coagulates n
caillot coagulat thrombus
A mass formed by means of coagulation.

coagulate /koʊˈæɡ.jə.leɪt/ /kəʊˈæɡ.jʊ.leɪt/ v
cailler thromboser
coaguler se coaguler
(intransitive) To become congealed; to convert from a liquid to a semisolid mass.
coaguler
(transitive) To cause to congeal.

coagulation coagulations n
coagulation
The precipitation of suspended particles as they increase in size by any of several physical or chemical processes. (e.g. coagulation of proteins)
The process by which blood forms solid clots.

coal /koʊl/ /kɐʉl/ /kəʊl/ [kʰoɫ] [kʰɒʊɫ] v
braises
charbon houille tisons
(internet slang, 4chan slang) To post low-quality content online.

coal gas n
gaz de houille
(petrochemistry) The poisonous gas, used domestically for cooking etc and formerly for lighting, prepared by heating coal with steam; it is a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide; sometimes synonymous with synthesis gas or town gas.

coal mine coal mines n
mine de charbon charbonnage houillère
A mine from which coal ore or coal minerals are mined.

coal seam coal seams n
veine de charbon
(geology) A stratum of coal between strata of other rocks.

coal tar coal tars n
coaltar
A black, viscous tar made by the destructive distillation of coal (to make coke and town gas); it contains a great number of compounds including hydrocarbons and phenols; used in the preparation of medicinal soap and shampoo, and industrially for the manufacture of many products.

coal tit coal tits n
mésange noire
Periparus ater melanolophus, the similar black-crested tit.

coalesce /ˌkoʊ.əˈlɛs/ /ˌkəʉ.əˈles/ /ˌkəʊ.əˈlɛs/ v
amalgamer coalescer se fondre
(of separate elements) To join into a single mass or whole.
amalgamer réunir unir
(of a whole or a unit) To form from different pieces or elements.

coalescer coalescers n
coalesceur
Any of several devices used to perform coalescence; especially to make the fatty elements of an emulsion to coalesce into larger droplets in order to facilitate their separation.

coalfish coalfish coalfishes n
lieu noir colin
Any of several blackish fish, especially Pollachius virens, a pollack, and Anoplopoma fimbria, sablefish.

coalition /koʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ /kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ coalitions n
coalition
A temporary group or union of organizations, usually formed for a particular advantage.

coalminer coalminers n
houilleur mineur de charbonnage
One who mines for coal.

coaming /ˈkəʊ.mɪŋ/ coamings n
surbaux
(nautical) On a boat, the vertical side of above-deck structures, such as the coach roof, hatch, and cockpit.

coarse /ko(ː)ɹs/ /koəs/ /koɹs/ /kɔːs/ [kʰo̞ɹs] coarser coarsest adj
vulgaire
With a rough texture; not smooth.
grossier
Composed of large particles.
brut
Of inferior quality.

coarsely /ˈkɔː(ɹ)sli/ more coarsely most coarsely adv
grossièrement
in a coarse manner

coast /koʊst/ /kəʊst/ coasts n
côte
The edge of the land where it meets an ocean, sea, gulf, bay, or large lake. [from 14th c.]

coast /koʊst/ /kəʊst/ v
aller en roue libre
(intransitive) To glide along without adding energy; to allow a vehicle to continue moving forward after disengaging the engine or ceasing to apply motive power.
caboter
(intransitive, nautical) To sail along a coast.

coast guard coast guards n
garde-côte
The organisation or officer enforcing maritime law and policing the seas within territorial waters.

coastal /ˈkoʊstəl/ /ˈkəʊstəl/ more coastal most coastal adj
côtier
(geography) Relating to the coast; on or near the coast.

coaster /ˈkoʊstɚ/ /ˈkəʊstə/ /ˈkʌʊstə/ coasters n
sous-verre dessous de verre
A small, flat or tray-like object on which a bottle, cup, glass, mug, etc., is placed to protect a table surface from drink spills, heat, or water condensation.
caboteur
A merchant vessel that stays in coastal waters, especially one that travels between ports of the same country.

coaster brake coaster brakes n
frein à rétropédalage
A special rear hub for a bicycle that functions as a brake when the user pedals backwards, and which allows the bicycle to roll without forcing the pedals to turn.

coastline coastlines n
littoral rive
The shape, outline, or boundary of a coast. (The term coastline is generally used to describe the approximate boundaries at relatively large spatial scales.)

coat /koʊt/ /kəʊt/ coats n
manteau paletot pardessus
(countable) An outer garment covering the upper torso and arms.Wp
couche
(countable) A covering of material, such as paint.Wp

coat /koʊt/ /kəʊt/ v
revêtir couvrir
(transitive) To cover with a coating of some material.

coat hanger coat hangers n
cintre portemanteau
A device used to hang up coats, shirts, etc, consisting of a hook with sloping "arms" in the approximate shape of human shoulders.

coat of arms coats of arms n
armoiries blason armes
(heraldry) Hereditary designs and symbols depicted on an escutcheon, sometimes accompanied by other elements of a heraldic achievement, such as a helm, crest, crest coronet, torse, mantling and supporters; described by a blazon.

coat of mail coats of mail n
cotte de mailles
(historical) A defensive garment made of metal scales or interlinked metal rings.

coat rack coat racks n
portemanteau
A rack or stand with hooks or pegs for holding hats and coats, often placed near an entrance for temporary use

coated /ˈkoʊtɪd/ /ˈkəʊtɪd/ [ˈkʰoʊ̯ɾɨd] adj
revêtu
Covered with a thin layer.

coati /koʊˈɑti/ /kəʊˈɑːti/ coatis n
coati
Any of several omnivorous mammals, of the genus Nasua or Nasuella, in order Carnivora, that live in the range from southern United States to northern Argentina.

coating /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/ /ˈkəʊtɪŋ/ [ˈkʰoʊ̯ɾɪŋ] coatings n
couche enrobage pellicule
A thin outer layer.

coauthor coauthors n
coauteur coautrice
An author who collaborates with another to write something.

coauthor v
coécrire
To write something in collaboration with another author.

coax /koʊks/ /kəʊks/ v
amadouer cajoler
(transitive) To wheedle or persuade (a person, organisation, animal etc.) gradually or by use of flattery to do something.

coaxial /koʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ /kəʊ.ˈæk.sɪi.əl/ adj
coaxial
(geometry) Having a common central axis

coaxial cable coaxial cables n
coax coaxial câble coaxial
(electronics, telecommunications) A transmission line, consisting of a conducting wire surrounded by an insulated spacer, surrounded by a cylindrical conducting sheath; used to carry high frequency signals such as TV.

cob /kɑb/ /kɒb/ cobs n
torchis
(uncountable) A building material consisting of clay, sand, straw, water, and earth, similar to adobe; also called cobb, rammed earth or pisé.

cobalamin /koʊˈbæləmɪn/ cobalamins n
cobalamine
(organic compound) Any of several forms of vitamin B12 depending on the upper axial ligand of the cobalt ion.

cobalt /ˈkoʊ.bɑlt/ /ˈkəʊ.bɒlt/ cobalts n
cobalt
A chemical element (symbol Co) with an atomic number of 27: a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal.

cobalt blue cobalt blues n
bleu de cobalt
A deep blue pigment derived from cobalt; zaffre.

cobble together v
bricoler
To put together (something) without adequate preparation or equipment; to improvise (something) minimally usable.

cobbler /ˈkɑblɚ/ /ˈkɑbəlɚ/ /ˈkɒblə/ /ˈkɒbələ/ cobblers n
cordonnier cordonnière bouif savetier savetière
A person who repairs, and sometimes makes, shoes.

cobbler's cobblers' n
cordonnerie
shoe repair shop

cobbler, keep to your last proverb
chacun son métier, les vaches seront bien gardées
(idiom) Do not criticise matters outside your field of expertise; mind your own business.

cobblestone /ˈkɑbl̩ˌstoʊn/ /ˈkɒbl̩ˌstəʊn/ cobblestones n
pavé
(countable) A rounded stone from a river bed, fit for use as ballast in ships and for paving roads.

cobelligerent cobelligerents n
cobelligérant
Country that wages war against a common enemy, without the countries on the same side having a formal treaty of military alliance.

cobra /ˈkoʊbɹə/ /ˈkɒbɹə/ /ˈkəʊbɹə/ cobras n
cobra naja
Any of various venomous snakes of the family Elapidae.

coca /ˈkoʊkə/ /ˈkəʊkə/ cocas n
coca
The dried leaf of one of these plants, the South American shrub (Erythroxylum coca), widely cultivated in Andean countries, which is the source of cocaine and used as aphrodisiac in the past.

cocaine /koʊˈkeɪn/ /kə(ʊ)ˈkeɪn/ /ˈkoʊˌkeɪn/ cocaines n
cocaïne
(uncountable, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive drug derived from coca (Erythroxylum) or prepared synthetically, used sometimes medicinally as a local anesthetic and, often illegally, as a stimulant.

cocaine addict cocaine addicts n
cocaïnomane

cocainism n
cocaïnomanie
cocaine addiction

coccus [ˈkʰɑkəs] cocci n
coccus
One of the carpels or seed-vessels of a dry fruit.

coccygeal adj
coccygien
Relating to the coccyx

coccyx /ˈkɑksɪks/ /ˈkɒksɪks/ coccyges n
coccyx
(medical, formal) The final (bottom-most) fused vertebrae at the base of the spine, the tailbone.

cochineal /ˌkɑt͡ʃɪˈni(ə)l/ /ˌkɒtʃɪˈniː(ə)l/ cochineals n
cochenille
(entomology) A species of insect (Dactylopius coccus).
A vivid red dye made from the bodies of cochineal insects.
The vivid red color of this dye.

cochlea /ˈkoʊ.kli.ə/ /ˈkɑk.li.ə/ /ˈkɒk.li.ə/ cochleae cochleas n
cochlée

cochlear /ˈkoʊ.kli.ɚ/ /ˈkɑk.li.ɚ/ /ˈkɒk.li.ə/ adj
cochléaire

cock /kɑk/ /kɒk/ cocks n
mâle
A rooster: a male gallinaceous bird, especially a male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).
chien
The hammer of a firearm trigger mechanism.
abruti abrutie bouffon bouffonne con con comme une valise sans poignée
(Britain, Australia , New Zealand, Ireland, derogatory , slang) A stupid, obnoxious or contemptible person.
camarade mon vieux
The bridge piece that affords a bearing for the pivot of a balance in a clock or watch.

cock /kɑk/ /kɒk/ v
armer le chien
(ambitransitive) To lift the cock of a firearm or crossbow; to prepare (a gun or crossbow) to be fired.
baiser copuler coïter enculer faire l'amour faire une partie de jambes en l’air
(British, transitive, slang) To copulate with; (by extension, as with fuck) to mess up, to damage, to destroy.
retourner
(transitive) To turn or twist something upwards or to one side; to lift or tilt (e.g. headwear) boastfully.

cock pigeon cock pigeons n
mâle du pigeon pigeon pigeon mâle
A male pigeon.

cock ring cock rings n
anneau pénien
(slang, vulgar, sex) A band, worn around the base of the penis, used to slow down the flow of blood from the penile tissue and hence maintain an erection.

cock tease /ˈkɑkˌtiːz/ /ˈkɒkˌtiːz/ cock teases n
allumeuse
(slang, vulgar) A person, usually a woman, who teases a man but then withdraws an alluded-to promise of sexual intercourse.

cock-a-doodle-doo /ˌkɑkəˌdudəlˈdu/ /ˌkɒkəˌduːdəlˈduː/ interjection
cocorico coquerico
The cry of a rooster.

cock-and-bull story cock-and-bull stories n
conte de bonne femme histoire à dormir debout
(idiomatic) A far-fetched and fanciful story or tale of highly dubious validity.

cockade /kɑˈkeɪd/ /kɒkˈeɪd/ cockades n
cocarde
A rosette or knot of ribbon worn in a hat, especially as an office or party badge.

cockatiel /ˌkɒk.əˈtil/ cockatiels n
calopsitte
Nymphicus hollandicus, a small, rather atypical cockatoo with a distinctive pointed yellow crest, native to Australia. Avicultural forms come in many color mutations such as White Face Gray, White Face Pearl, Fallow, Pearl Pied, Cinnamon Pearl, and White Face Pied.

cockatoo cockatoos n
cacatoès
A bird of the family Cacatuidae with a curved beak and a zygodactyl foot. [from 1610s]

cockatrice /ˈkɒkətraɪs/ /ˈkɒkətrɪs/ cockatrices n
cocatrix
(mythology) A legendary creature about the size and shape of a dragon or wyvern, but in appearance resembling a giant rooster, with some lizard-like characteristics.

cockchafer /ˈkɒkˌt͡ʃeɪfɚ/ cockchafers n
hanneton mélolonthe
Any of the large European beetles from the genus Melolontha that are destructive to vegetation.

cocked /kɑkt/ /kɒkt/ adj
beurré bourré cassé gris pété comme un Petit LU rond comme une queue de pelle
(informal) Drunk.

cockerel /ˈkɑkəɹəl/ /ˈkɑkɹəl/ /ˈkɒkəɹəl/ /ˈkɒkɹəl/ cockerels n
coquelet
A young male chicken.

cockfight cockfights n
combat de coqs
A contest, in a cockpit, between gamecocks fitted with cockspurs

cockfighting cockfightings n
combat de coqs
A gambling blood sport (illegal in most countries) in which two roosters have spikes placed on their feet and are made to fight each other, usually to the death.

cockfighting pit cockfighting pits n
gallodrome

cockle /ˈkɒkl̩/ cockles n
coque
Any of various edible European bivalve mollusks, of the family Cardiidae, having heart-shaped shells.
ivraie enivrante
Any of several field weeds, such as the common corncockle (Agrostemma githago) and darnel ryegrass (Lolium temulentum).

cocklebur cockleburs n
lampourde xanthium
Any of the coarse composite weeds of the genus Xanthium, with a prickly fruit.

cockpit cockpits n
cockpit cabine de pilotage
The compartment in an aircraft in which the pilot sits and from where the craft is controlled; an analogous area in a spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

cockpit voice recorder cockpit voice recorders n
enregistreur phonique
(aviation) A flight recorder which records the audio environment in the flight deck of an aircraft.

cockroach /ˈkɑkəɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɑkɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ˈkɒkɹəʊt͡ʃ/ cockroaches n
cafard blatte
A black or brown straight-winged insect of the order Blattodea.

cockscomb cockscombs n
crête de coq crête
The fleshy red crest of a rooster

cocksucker cocksuckers n
suceur de bite suceuse de bite
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory) Someone who performs fellatio.
suceur de bite lécheur de boule suceuse de bite
(vulgar, colloquial, derogatory) A very annoying or objectionable person.

cocktail /ˈkɑk.teɪl/ /ˈkɒk.teɪl/ /ˈkɔk.tæɪl/ cocktails n
cocktail coquetel
A mixed alcoholic beverage.

cocktail bar cocktail bars n
bar à cocktails
A drinking establishment that specializes in cocktails.

cocky /ˈkɑki/ /ˈkɒki/ /ˈkɔki/ cockier cockiest adj
arrogant suffisant
Overly confident; arrogant and boastful.

coco-de-mer /ˌkəʊkəʊdəˈmɛː/ cocos-de-mer n
cocotier de mer
A tall palm tree, Lodoicea maldivica, found in the Seychelles.
The woody nut of such a tree.

cocoa /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/ /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/ adj
cacao
Of a light to medium brown colour, like that of cocoa powder.

cocoa /ˈkoʊ.koʊ/ /ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/ cocoas n
cacao
The dried and partially fermented fatty seeds of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made.
(uncountable) A hot drink made with milk, cocoa powder, and sugar.
(countable) A serving of this drink.
(countable, color) A light to medium brown colour.

cocoa bean cocoa beans n
fève de cacao
seed of the cocoa plant; used to make chocolate, cocoa and cocoa butter

cocoa butter cocoa butters n
beurre de cacao
The fat that is extracted from the cocoa bean to make chocolate; it has a relatively sharp melting point so does not feel greasy when eaten.

cocoa powder n
poudre de cacao cacao
(baking, cooking) A powder derived from ground cocoa solids, which is used to make the drink of cocoa, various chocolate products, also used as an ingredient in baking.

coconut /ˈkoʊ.kə.nʌt/ /ˈkəʉ.kə.nat/ /ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/ [ˈkʰoʊ̯.kə.nʌt] [ˈkʰəʉ̯.kə.nat] [ˈkʰəʊ̯.kə.nɐt] [ˈkʰəʊ̯.kə.nʌt] coconuts n
noix de coco coco
A fruit of the coconut palm (not a true nut), Cocos nucifera, having a fibrous husk surrounding a large seed.

coconut crab coconut crabs n
crabe de cocotier
A terrestrial hermit crab of species Birgus latro, that lives on the shores of the Indian Ocean and the central Pacific Ocean and feeds on fruits, nuts, seeds and coconut flesh.

coconut milk coconut milks n
lait de coco lait de noix de coco
A thick white liquid produced by soaking the white inner flesh of the seed of the coconut in water and straining. It is traditionally used in Southeast Asian cuisine in curry and other gravy.

coconut oil coconut oils n
huile de coco huile de noix de coco
A type of cooking oil extracted from the kernel or meat of matured coconuts harvested from the coconut palm.

coconut palm coconut palms n
cocotier
a tropical palm tree, Cocos nucifera, having feathery leaves and bearing coconuts

coconut water coconut waters n
eau de coco
A clear liquid found inside immature coconuts, which suspends the endosperm during the nuclear stage of development. It is a popular drink in tropical regions.

cocoon /kəˈkuːn/ cocoons n
cocon
Any similar protective case, whether real or metaphorical.

cod /kɑd/ /kɒd/ cod cods n
morue cabillaud
The sea fish of the genus Gadus generally, as inclusive of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) and Greenland cod (Gadus ogac or Gadus macrocephalus ogac).

cod liver cod livers n
foie de morue
The liver of codfish.

cod liver oil cod liver oils n
huile de foie de morue
Oil derived from the liver of codfish, often used as a nutritional supplement due to its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA, and very high levels of vitamin A and vitamin D.

coda /ˈkoʊ.də/ /ˈkəʊ.də/ codas n
coda
(music) A passage that brings a movement or piece to a conclusion through prolongation.

coddle /ˈkɑ.dəl/ /ˈkɒd.əl/ /ˈkɔd.əl/ v
choyer dorloter
(transitive) To treat gently or with great care.
mijoter
(transitive) To cook slowly in hot water that is below the boiling point.
couver
(transitive) To exercise excessive or damaging authority in an attempt to protect. To overprotect.

code /koʊd/ /kəʊd/ codes n
code
A short textual designation, often with little relation to the item it represents.
A body of law, sanctioned by legislation, in which the rules of law to be specifically applied by the courts are set forth in systematic form; a compilation of laws by public authority; a digest.
Any system of principles, rules or regulations relating to one subject.
A set of rules for converting information into another form or representation.
(cryptography) A cryptographic system using a codebook that converts words or phrases into codewords.
(programming, uncountable) Instructions for a computer, written in a programming language; the input of a translator, an interpreter or a browser, namely: source code, machine code, bytecode.

code /koʊd/ /kəʊd/ v
programmer
(computing) To write software programs.

code monkey code monkeys n
pisseur de code
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A computer programmer.

code name code names n
nom de code
(business, espionage, military) A name used to clandestinely identify somebody or something, either for military or espionage purposes, or for commercial confidentiality.

code of conduct codes of conduct n
code de conduite
(ethics) A set of rules dictating acceptable behaviour and decisions in a specified environment.

code of honour codes of honour n
code de l'honneur code d'honneur
Certain rules by which social intercourse is regulated among a social group, and which are founded on a regard for reputation.

code point code points n
point de code
(computing, especially, Unicode) A numerical offset in a character set, etc., as opposed to a displayed grapheme or character, which can be composed of several code points.

code-switching n
alternance codique alternance de code
(linguistics) The phenomenon or practice of alternating between two or more languages or language varieties.

codebase codebases n
codebase

codec codecs n
codec
(computing) A device or program capable of performing transformations on a data stream or signal.

codeine /ˈkoʊˌdiːn/ /ˈkəʊ.diːn/ codeines n
codéine
(pharmaceutical drug) An addictive alkaloid narcotic derived from opium and used as a hypnotic, analgesic and antitussive; often mixed with aspirin etc.

codex /ˈkoʊdɛks/ /ˈkəʊdɛks/ codexes codices n
codex
An early manuscript book.

codger /ˈkɑd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈkɒdʒə/ codgers n
grognon vieux bougon
(informal) An amusingly eccentric or grumpy and usually elderly man.

codicil /ˈkɒdɪsɪl/ /ˈkəʊdɪsɪl/ codicils n
codicille
(legal) An addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one.

codification /ˌkɑ.dɪfɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkəʊ.dɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ codifications n
codification
The process of precisely formulating a statement, such as a code of laws.

codified more codified most codified adj
codifié

codify /ˈ koʊ.dɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈ kɑd.ɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈ kəʊ.dɪˌfaɪ/ v
codifier
To reduce to a code, to arrange into a code.

codimension codimensions n
codimension

coding codings n
morphisme de codage
(math) A 1-uniform morphism; an injective morphism; a morphism that maps letter to letter

codirect v
codiriger
(transitive) To direct (an artistic work) with another person.

codirector codirectors n
codirecteur codirectrice
Someone who directs something together with one or more other people.

codon /ˈkəʊdɒn/ codons n
codon
(biochemistry) A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides, which encode for a specific amino acid during protein synthesis or translation.

codpiece /ˈkɒdˌpiːs/ codpieces n
braguette
A part of male dress in the 15th and 16th centuries, worn in front of the breeches to cover the male genitals.

codriver codrivers n
copilote
The navigator in the sport of rally racing, who sits in the front passenger seat and gives directions to the driver.

coeditor coeditors n
corédacteur corédactrice
One of two or more people serving together as editors of a work or project.

coeducation n
éducation mixte
the education of male and female students in the same institution

coefficient /ˌkoʊ.əˈfɪʃənt/ /ˌkoʊ.ɪˈfɪʃənt/ [ˌkəʊ.iˈfɪʃn̩t] [ˌkəʊ.ɪˈfɪʃn̩t] coefficients n
coefficient facteur
(mathematics) A constant by which an algebraic term is multiplied.
coefficient
A number, value, or item that serves as a measure of some property or characteristic.

coefficient of friction coefficients of friction n
coefficient de frottement coefficient de friction
(physics) The ratio between (1) the magnitude of the force of friction which a surface produces on an object (moving along the surface or being pressed statically against it) and (2) the magnitude of the normal force which is produced by the surface on the object and which is perpendicular to that surface.

coelacanth /ˈsiː.lə.kænθ/ coelacanths n
cœlacanthe
Either of two species of deep-water fish, Latimeria chalumnae of the Indian Ocean and Latimeria menadoensis of Indonesia.

coelanaglyphic /ˌsilænəˈɡlɪfɪk/ /ˌsiːlænəˈɡlɪfɪk/ adj
coilanaglyphique
(sculpture) In the form of cavo-rilievo.

coelenterate /sɪˈlɛn.tə.ɹət/ /sɪˈlɛn.tɚ.ɪt/ coelenterates n
cœlentéré
(zoology, dated) Any simple aquatic animal formerly considered to belong to the phylum Coelenterata, now divided into the cnidarians and ctenophores.

coelenteric adj
cœlentéré
(anatomy) Of or relating to the coelenteron.

coeliac /ˈsiːlɪæk/ adj
cœliaque
(UK, anatomy) Relating to the abdomen, or to the cavity of the abdomen.

coeliac disease n
maladie cœliaque cœliaquie
(UK) An auto-immune disease characterised by sensitivity of the lining of the small intestine to gluten, causing a failure to digest food properly.

coelom /ˈsiːləm/ coeloms n
célome cœlome
(zoology) A fluid-filled cavity within the body of an animal. The digestive system is suspended within the cavity, which is lined by a tissue called the peritoneum.

coenure coenures n
coenure cénure
the larva of Taenia coenurus, the canine tapeworm - causes staggers in sheep

coenzyme coenzymes n
coenzyme
(biochemistry) Any small molecule that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.

coequal adj
coégal
Equal to each other in size, rank or position.

coerce /koʊˈɝs/ /kəʊˈɜːs/ v
retenir
(transitive) To restrain by force, especially by law or authority; to repress; to curb.
contraindre forcer
(transitive) To use force, threat, fraud, or intimidation in an attempt to compel one to act against their will.
forcer
(transitive, computing) To force an attribute, normally of a data type, to take on the attribute of another data type.

coercion /koʊˈɜːʃən/ /koʊˈɝʃən/ /koʊˈɝʒən/ coercions n
coercition
(uncountable) Actual or threatened force for the purpose of compelling action by another person; the act of coercing.
(programming, countable) Conversion of a value of one data type to a value of another data type.

coercive /kəʊˈɜː(ɹ)sɪv/ more coercive most coercive adj
coercitif coercif
Displaying a tendency or intent to coerce.

coeval /koʊˈi.vəl/ /kəʊˈiːvəl/ adj
contemporain du même âge
Of the same age; contemporary.

coevolution coevolutions n
coévolution
(ecology, evolutionary theory) The evolution of organisms of two or more species in which each adapts to changes in the other.

coexist v
coexister
(intransitive, stative, of two or more things, people, concepts, etc.) To exist contemporaneously or in the same area.

coexistence coexistences n
coexistence
The state of two or more things existing together, usually in a temporal or spatial sense, with or without mutual interaction.

coffee /ˈkɑ.fi/ /ˈkɒ.fi/ /ˈkɒf.i/ /ˈkɔ.fi/ /ˈkɔə.fi/ /ˈkɔː.fɪ/ adj
café
Of a pale brown colour, like that of milk coffee.

coffee /ˈkɑ.fi/ /ˈkɒ.fi/ /ˈkɒf.i/ /ˈkɔ.fi/ /ˈkɔə.fi/ /ˈkɔː.fɪ/ coffees n
café caféier
(uncountable) A beverage made by infusing the beans of the coffee plant in hot water.
(countable) A serving of this beverage.
caféier café
A tropical plant of the genus Coffea.

coffee bean coffee beans n
grain de café grain de café
The seed of a tropical plant of the genus Coffea. Prepared by drying, roasting and grinding for making the beverage coffee.

coffee break coffee breaks n
pause-café
A rest period during the business day (usually of about 10 or 15 minutes). So named because it is an opportunity to get coffee.

coffee cup coffee cups n
tasse à café
A cup, typically a small one, in which coffee can be served.

coffee extract coffee extracts n
extrait de café
A concentrated liquid made from coffee beans and alcohol used as a flavouring.

coffee grinder coffee grinders n
moulin à café
A device for pulverizing or powdering coffee beans so they can be brewed as coffee. (Technically many of the machines tear the coffee beans).

coffee grounds n
marc de café
The sediment that remains after ground coffee beans have been extracted with hot water.

coffee pot coffee pots n
cafetière
A pot in which coffee is brewed or from which it is served.

coffee table coffee tables n
table basse table de salon
(furniture) A long, low table, often placed before seating in a living room, on which drinks may be served, and magazines etc placed.

coffee table book /ˈkɒfi ˌteɪbəl ˈbʊk/ /ˈkɔfi ˌteɪbəl ˈbʊk/ coffee table books n
beau livre beau-livre
A large book, usually with lavish illustrations, typically displayed on a coffee table.

coffeemaker coffeemakers n
machine à café cafetière
Any of several different types of kitchen apparatus used to brew and filter coffee.

coffeeman coffeemen n
cafetier

coffeewoman coffeewomen n
cafetière

coffer /ˈkɑfɚ/ /ˈkɒfə/ /ˈkɔfɚ/ coffers n
coffre
A strong chest or box used for keeping money or valuables safe.
caisson
(architectural element) An ornamental sunken panel in a ceiling or dome.

coffin /ˈkɑfɪn/ /ˈkɒfɪn/ /ˈkɔfɪn/ coffins n
cercueil
A rectangular closed box in which the body of a dead person is placed for burial.

coffin bone coffin bones n
os du pied troisième phalangien
The bottommost bone in the equine leg, encased by the hoof capsule, and corresponding to the third phalanx of the middle finger, or toe, of most mammals.

cofounder /kəʊˈfaʊndə/ /ˈkoʊ(ˌ)faʊndɚ/ /ˌkoʊˈfaʊndɚ/ cofounders n
cofondateur cofondatrice
A joint founder; one of several people involved with the creation of a business, organization, union, or entity.

cog /kɑɡ/ /kɒɡ/ /kɔɡ/ cogs n
dent
A tooth on a gear.
pion
An unimportant individual in a greater system.

cogeneration cogenerations n
cogénération
The simultaneous or serial production of heat and electricity from the same source.

cogent /ˈkoʊd͡ʒn̩t/ /ˈkəʊd͡ʒn̩t/ more cogent most cogent adj
convaincant cohérent persuasif
Reasonable and convincing; based on evidence.
intelligible logique
Appealing to the intellect or powers of reasoning.
irréfutable
Forcefully persuasive; relevant, pertinent.

cogitate /ˈkoʊd͡ʒɪteɪt/ /ˈkɑd͡ʒɪteɪt/ /ˈkɒdʒɪteɪt/ /ˈkəʊdʒɪteɪt/ v
cogiter

cogitation /ˌkoʊd͡ʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɑd͡ʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɑː.d͡ʒəˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒd͡ʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒː.d͡ʒəˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkəʊd͡ʒ.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ cogitations n
cogitation
(uncountable) The process of cogitating; contemplation, deliberation, reflection, meditation.

cognac /ˈkɒn.jæk/ /ˈkəʊn.jæk/ cognacs n
cognac
A brandy distilled from white wine in the region around Cognac in France.

cognate /ˈkɑɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɑɡ.nət/ /ˈkɑɡ.nɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.nət/ /ˈkɒɡ.nɪt/ adj
apparenté cognat
(linguistics) Descended from the same source lexemes (same etymons) of an ancestor language.

cognate /ˈkɑɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɑɡ.nət/ /ˈkɑɡ.nɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.neɪt/ /ˈkɒɡ.nət/ /ˈkɒɡ.nɪt/ cognates n
cognat mot apparenté
(linguistics) A word either descended from the same base word of the same ancestor language as the given word, or strongly believed to be a regular reflex of the same reconstructed root of proto-language as the given word.

cognate accusative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈkɑɡˌneɪt əˈkjuzətɪv/ /ˈkɒɡneɪt əˈkjuːzətɪv/ cognate accusatives n
accusatif interne complément d'objet interne
(grammar) An object of kindred sense or derivation; specifically, that which may adverbially follow an intransitive verb (for example, the word death in “to die the death”).

cognitariat cognitariats n
cognitariat
(sociology) A social group formed by people with high academic training, who receive a low salary not in accordance with their educational level.

cognition /kɑɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ /kɒɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ /kɔɡˈnɪʃ.ən/ cognitions n
connaissance
The process of knowing, of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought and through the senses.

cognitive /ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɔɡ.nɪ.tɪv/ [ˈkɑɡ.nɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkɔɡ.nɪ.ɾɪv] more cognitive most cognitive adj
cognitif
Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions.

cognitive behavioral therapy cognitive behavioral therapies n
thérapie cognitivo-comportementale
(psychology) A psychotherapeutic approach that addresses dysfunctional emotions, behaviors, and cognitions, focussing on a client's current state rather than on their past.

cognitive dissonance cognitive dissonances n
dissonance cognitive
(psychology) A conflict or anxiety resulting from inconsistencies between one's beliefs and one's actions or other beliefs.

cognitive linguistics n
linguistique cognitive

cognitive load cognitive loads n
charge cognitive

cognitive psychology n
psychologie cognitive
(psychology) A branch of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.

cognitive science cognitive sciences n
sciences cognitives
The multidisciplinary study of mind and behavior.

cognizant /ˈkɒnɪzənt/ /ˈkɒɡnɪzənt/ more cognizant most cognizant adj
conscient
Sapient; self-aware.

cognize v
connaître
To know, perceive, or become aware of.
To make into an object of cognition (the process of acquiring knowledge through thought); to cogitate.

cognoscente /kɒnjəˈʃɛnteɪ/ /ˌkɑn.jəˈʃɛn.ti/ /ˌkɑɡ.nəˈʃɛn.ti/ cognoscenti n
connaisseur expert
(often, in plural) Someone possessing superior or specialized knowledge in a particular field.

cogon cogons n
impérata cylindrique impérate paille de dys paillotte

cohabit /koʊˈhæbɪt/ v
cohabiter
(intransitive) To live together with someone else, especially in a romantic and sexual relationship but without being married.

cohabitation /koʊhæbɪˈteɪʃən/ cohabitations n
cohabitation
An emotional and physical intimate relationship which includes a common living place and which exists without legal or religious sanction.
The act of living together.
(biology) The act of two species living together in the same habitat.

cohere /koʊˈhɪɚ/ /kəʊˈhɪə/ v
attirer s'attirer se cohérer
(intransitive) To stick together physically, by adhesion.

coherence coherences n
cohérence
The quality of cohering, or being coherent; internal consistency.
A logical arrangement of parts, as in writing.
(physics, of waves) The property of having the same wavelength and phase.

coherent /koʊˈhɛɹ.ənt/ /koʊˈhɪɹ.ənt/ /koːˈhɪɹ.ənt/ /kəʉˈhɪə.ɹənt/ /kəʊˈhɪə.ɹənt/ more coherent most coherent adj
cohérent
Unified; sticking together; making up a whole.
Orderly, logical and consistent.
(physics) Of waves having the same direction, wavelength and phase, as light in a laser.

coherer coherers n
cohéreur
(physics) A detector of radio waves used in very early radio receivers.

cohesion /koʊˈhiː.ʒən/ /kəʉˈhiː.ʒən/ /kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/ [kəʉˈhɪi.ʒən] cohesions n
cohésion
State of cohering, or of working together.
(physics, chemistry) Various intermolecular forces that hold solids and liquids together.

cohort /ˈkoʊ̯.hɔɹt/ /ˈkəʊ.hɔː(ɹ)t/ cohorts n
cohorte
(statistics) A demographic grouping of people, especially those in a defined age group, or having a common characteristic.
(historical, Ancient Rome, military) Any division of a Roman legion, normally of about 500 or 600 men (equalling about six centuries).

cohort study cohort studies n
étude de cohorte
A type of research project in which participants sharing a common feature (the cohort) are studied over a long period of time.

coif /kwɑf/ /kɔɪf/ coifs n
coiffure
A hairdo.
coiffe
(historical) A hood; a close-fitting cap covering much of the head, widespread until the 18th century; after that worn only by small children and country women.

coil /kwaɪl/ /kɔɪl/ coils n
spire
Something wound in the form of a helix or spiral.
bobine
(electronics) A coil of electrically conductive wire through which electricity can flow.

coil /kwaɪl/ /kɔɪl/ v
enrouler embobiner
To wind or reel e.g. a wire or rope into regular rings, often around a centerpiece.

coil winder coil winders n
bobinoir
A machine that winds wire into electromagnetic coils.

coilgun /ˈkɔɪl.ɡʌn/ coilguns n
canon de Gauss canon magnétique
Any of various devices that use electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic projectile via non contact means

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ coins n
pièce de monnaie jeton monnaie
(money) A piece of currency, usually metallic and in the shape of a disc, but sometimes polygonal, or with a hole in the middle.
jeton
A token used in a special establishment like a casino.

coin /kwaɪn/ /kɔɪn/ v
forger inventer
(by extension) To make or fabricate (especially a word or phrase).

coin of the realm /ˈkɔɪn əv ðə ˈɹɛlm/ n
monnaie d'échange
(figuratively) Something that is valued like money within a particular context.

coinage /ˈkɔɪnɪd͡ʒ/ coinages n
frappe
The process of coining money.

coincide /ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd/ v
coïncider
To occupy exactly the same space.
To occur at the same time.
To correspond, concur, or agree.

coincidence /koʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ /kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/ /kəˈwɪnsɪdəns/ coincidences n
coïncidence
Of objects, the property of being coincident; occurring at the same time or place.
Of events, the appearance of a meaningful connection when there is none.

coincidental /ˈkəʊ.ɪn.sɪˌdɛn.tl̩/ more coincidental most coincidental adj
coïncidentiel fortuit
Occurring as or resulting from coincidence.

coincidentally more coincidentally most coincidentally adv
coïncidentiellement

coinsurance coinsurances n
franchise
(US) The joint assumption of risk between the insurer and the insured party.

coir /ˈkɔɪə/ /ˈkɔɪɚ/ coirs n
caire chaire
The fibre obtained from the husk of a coconut, used chiefly in making rope, matting and as a peat substitute.

coitarche /ˌkəʊɪˈtɑː(ɹ)ki/ n
coïtarche
The first sexual intercourse.

coitus /ˈkoʊ.ɪ.təs/ /ˈkɔɪ.təs/ /ˈkəʊ.ɪ.təs/ coituses n
coït
(formal, or, humorous) Sexual intercourse, especially involving penile-vaginal penetration.

coitus interruptus n
coït interrompu coitus interruptus
Sexual intercourse interrupted by withdrawal of the penis before ejaculation.

coke /koʉk/ /koʊk/ /kəʊk/ n
coke charbon
(uncountable) Solid residue from roasting coal in a coke oven; used principally as a fuel and in the production of steel and formerly as a domestic fuel.
coke coca
(informal, slang, uncountable) Cocaine.

coke float coke floats n
flotteur
By extension, a scoop of something like ice cream floating in a cold liquid drink

col /kɒl/ cols n
col
(geography) A dip on a mountain ridge between two peaks.

col legno /ˌkoʊl ˈleɪnjoʊ/ /ˌkɒl ˈlɛnjəʊ/ adv
col legno
(music) A musical notation indicating that the strings of an instrument are to be struck with the wooden part of the bow.

cola /ˈkoʊlə/ /ˈkəʊ.lə/ colas n
coca
A beverage or a drink made with kola nut flavoring, caramel and carbonated water.

colander /ˈkɑləndɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪndə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔləndɚ/ colanders n
passoire
A bowl-shaped kitchen utensil with holes in it used for draining food that has been cooking in water, such as pasta.

colchicine /ˈkɑl.kəˌsiːn/ /ˈkɑl.t͡ʃəˌsiːn/ /ˈkɒl.kɪs.iːn/ /ˈkɒl.tʃɪs.iːn/ colchicines n
colchicine
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A highly toxic alkaloid, chemical formula C22H25NO6, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum and formerly used to treat rheumatic complaints, now used mainly in the treatment of gout.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colder coldest adj
froid froide
(of a thing) Having a low temperature.
Unfriendly; emotionally distant or unfeeling.
faire froid froid
(of the weather) Causing the air to be cold.
avoir froid froid
(of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of coldness, especially to the point of discomfort.
froid
Completely unprepared; without introduction.

cold /kaʉld/ /koʊld/ /kəʊld/ [kʰɒʊ(ɫ)d] [kʰɔʊ(ɫ)d] colds n
froid
(uncountable) A condition of low temperature.
rhume
(countable, pathology) A common, usually harmless, viral illness, usually with congestion of the nasal passages and sometimes fever.

cold approach cold approaches n
approche à froid
(seduction community) The act of approaching a stranger (usually female) and asking them on a date.

cold approach v
aborder à froid approcher à froid

cold boot v
démarrage à froid

cold brew coffee cold brew coffees n
café infusé à froid

cold calling n
cold calling
(marketing) The practice of making unsolicited telephone calls or house calls to potential clients, voters or other groups in order to drum up custom or investigate intentions

cold chain cold chains n
chaîne du froid

cold cream cold creams n
cérat de Galien
(pharmacy) An emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.

cold day in Hell cold days in Hell n
aux calendes grecques quand les poules auront des dents semaine des quatre jeudis à la Saint-Glinglin
(idiomatic, slang) The time of occurrence of an event that will never happen.

cold drop cold drops n
goutte froide
(meteorology) A high-impact rainfall event occurring in the autumn along the Spanish Mediterranean coast.

cold fish cold fish cold fishes n
pissefroid
(idiomatic) A heartless individual; a person lacking empathy and emotion.

cold front cold fronts n
front froid
(meteorology) The leading edge of an advancing mass of cold air.

cold fusion n
fusion froide
A hypothetical form of nuclear fusion not requiring the usual immensely high temperatures; nuclear fusion at or near room temperature.

cold hands, warm heart proverb
froides mains, chaudes amours
Having cold hands is an indication of warmheartedness; used as a rejoinder if one finds that another's hands are cold.

cold snap cold snaps n
coup de froid vague de froid

cold sore /ˈkoʊld ˌsɔɹ/ cold sores n
bouton de fièvre feu sauvage
(pathology) A small bump (namely a vesicle) on the lips resulting from infection by herpes simplex viruses (mostly HHV1 but also HHV2).

cold storage n
chambre froide
Refrigerated storage.

cold sweat cold sweats n
sueur froide
Perspiration which feels chilly to the person perspiring, and which indicates debilitating illness, shock, or the experiencing of an intense emotion such as despair, anxiety, or, especially, fear.

cold turkey adv
brutalement d'un coup d'un seul d'un seul coup
(idiomatic) Not gradually; all at once. Refers especially to quitting a habit by force of will rather than by a gradual reduction.

cold turkey n
manque
The physiological effects of such a withdrawal.

cold war /ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/ n
guerre froide
A period of hostile relations between rivals where direct open warfare between them is largely undesired and avoided. [from 1945]

cold wave cold waves n
vague de froid

cold weapon /koʊld ˈwɛpən/ /kəʊld ˈwɛp(ə)n/ cold weapons n
arme blanche
(weaponry) A weapon that does not use explosives or fire.

cold-blooded /ˈkoʊldˈblʌd.ɪd/ colder-blooded coldest-blooded more cold-blooded most cold-blooded adj
impitoyable
(figuratively) Lacking emotion or compunction.

coldly /ˈkoʊldli/ /ˈkəʊldli/ more coldly most coldly adv
froidement
in a cold or uncaring manner; indifferently.

coldness /ˈkoʊldnəs/ /ˈkəʊldnəs/ coldnesses n
froideur froid
The relative lack of heat.
froid froideur
The sensation resulting from exposure to low temperatures.
froideur
Limited enthusiasm or affection; coolness.

cole /koʊl/ /kɔʊl/ /kəʊl/ coles n
choux
Brassica; a plant of the Brassica genus, especially those of Brassica oleracea (rape and coleseed).

colectomy colectomies n
colectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all or part of the large intestine or colon.

colemanite colemanites n
colémanite
(mineral) A white, grey or colorless mineral form of calcium borate; a principal source of boron.

coleopterologist coleopterologists n
coléoptérologiste coléoptérologue
A person who studies or practices coleopterology (the science that studies beetles).

coleopterology n
coléoptérologie
(entomology) The scientific study of beetles.

coleoptile /kɒliːˈɒptɪl/ coleoptiles n
coléoptile
(botany) A pointed sheath that protects the emerging shoot in monocotyledons such as oats and grasses.

coleslaw /ˈkəʊlslɔː/ coleslaws n
coleslaw salade de chou
A salad of finely shredded raw cabbage and sometimes shredded carrots, dressed with mayonnaise (white slaw) or a vinaigrette (red slaw).

coleta coletas n
coleta
(bullfighting) A pigtail, a symbol of the matador.

colewort coleworts n
chou chou commun
A plant of the genus Brassica; now specifically, a Brassica plant without a head used for food, such as kale.

coli /ˈkoʊ.laɪ/ coli n
coli colibacille
(often, attributive, bacteriology) Escherichia coli, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms.

colic /ˈkɒl.ɪk/ adj
colique
Relating to the colon; colonic.

colic /ˈkɒl.ɪk/ colics n
colique
(pathology) Severe pains that grip the abdomen or the disease that causes such pains (due to intestinal or bowel-related problems).

colitis /kəˈlaɪtɪs/ colitises n
colite
(pathology) inflammation of the colon.

collaborate /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹeɪt/ /kəˈlæb.ɹeɪt/ v
collaborer
To work together with others to achieve a common goal.
To voluntarily cooperate treasonably, as with an enemy occupation force in one's country.

collaboration /kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/ [kʰəˌlæbəˈɹeɪ̯ʃən] collaborations n
collaboration
(uncountable) The act of collaborating.
(uncountable) Treasonous cooperation.

collaborationism collaborationisms n
collaboration collaborationnisme
The act of collaborating, especially with an enemy.

collaborative /kəˈlæb.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ more collaborative most collaborative adj
collaboratif
Of, relating to, or done by collaboration.

collaborator /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtə/ /kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/ collaborators n
collaborateur collaboratrice
A person who works with others towards a common goal.
A person who cooperates traitorously with an enemy.

collage /koʊˈlɑʒ/ /kɒˈlɑːʒ/ /kəˈlɑʒ/ /kəˈlɑːʒ/ /ˈkɒl.ɑːʒ/ collages n
collage
A picture made by sticking other pictures onto a surface.

collagen /ˈkɒləd͡ʒən/ /ˈkɒləd͡ʒɪn/ collagens n
collagène
(biochemistry) Any of more than 28 types of glycoprotein that form elongated fibers, usually found in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue.

collagist collagists n
collagiste
One who makes collages, or who has made a specific collage.

collapsar collapsars n
collapsar
(star) The black hole thought to form following the gravitational collapse of a massive star.

collapse /k(ə)ˈlæps/ collapses n
effondrement
The act of collapsing.

collapse /k(ə)ˈlæps/ v
s'effondrer
(intransitive) To cease to function due to a sudden breakdown; to fail suddenly and completely.

collapsible more collapsible most collapsible adj
pliable
That can be collapsed.

collar /ˈkɑ.lɚ/ /ˈkɒl.ə/ collars n
col
The part of an upper garment (shirt, jacket, etc.) that fits around the neck and throat, especially if sewn from a separate piece of fabric.
collier
A band or chain around an animal's neck, used to restrain and/or identify it.
(rail transport) A physical lockout device to prevent operation of a mechanical signal lever.
(technology) Any encircling device or structure.

collard /ˈkɒlɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈkɒlə(ɹ)d/ collards n
chou cavalier
A Mediterranean variety of kale, Brassica oleracea var. acephala.

collard greens n
chou cavalier chou fourrager
A form of Brassica oleracea, sometimes called Brassica oleracea var. acephala or Brassica oleracea var. viridis, similar to kale, that is a popular food in the rural southern United States.

collared antshrike collared antshrikes n
batara de Bernard
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus bernardi, syn. Sakesphorus bernardi)

collared dove collared doves n
tourterelle turque
A bird of the species Streptopelia decaocto.

collared flycatcher collared flycatchers n
gobemouche à collier
Ficedula albicollis, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia, overwintering in Africa

collared peccary collared peccaries n
pécari à collier
A small wild hog (Pecari tajacu), native to southern United States through to northern Argentina.

collared pratincole collared pratincoles n
glaréole à collier
A wader, Glareola pratincola.

collate /kɒˈleɪt/ /ˈkoʊ.leɪt/ v
collationner
(transitive) To examine diverse documents and so on, to discover similarities and differences.

collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/ adj
collatéral
Parallel, along the same vein, side by side.
Being aside from the main subject, target, or goal.
(genealogy) Of an indirect ancestral relationship, as opposed to lineal descendency.
Coming or directed along the side.
indirect
Acting in an indirect way.

collateral /kəˈlætəɹəl/ collaterals n
gage nantissement
(finance) A security or guarantee (usually an asset) pledged for the repayment of a loan if one cannot procure enough funds to repay.
collatéral
(marketing) Printed materials or content of electronic media used to enhance sales of products (short form of collateral material).
collatérale
(anatomy) A thinner blood vessel providing an alternate route to blood flow in case the main vessel becomes occluded.

collateral damage collateral damages n
dommage collatéral dégât collatéral
(military, euphemistic) Damage to civilian property or civilian casualties that are the unintended result of military operations.

collative /kəˈleɪtɪv/ adj
collatif
(ecclesiastical, of a, benefice) In which the ordinary (or bishop) is the same person as the patron.

colleague /kɔˈliːɡ/ /kəˈliːɡ/ /ˈkɑliɡ/ /ˈkɒliːɡ/ colleagues n
collègue confrère consœur confrèsœur
A fellow member of a profession, staff, academic faculty or other organization; an associate.

collect /ˈkɑlɛkt/ /ˈkɑlɪkt/ /ˈkɒlɛkt/ /ˈkɒlɪkt/ collects n
collecte
(Christianity) The prayer said before the reading of the epistle lesson, especially one found in a prayerbook, as with the Book of Common Prayer.

collect /kəˈlɛkt/ v
rassembler recueillir collectionner
(transitive) To gather together; amass.
recueillir percevoir récupérer
(transitive) To get; particularly, get from someone.
collectionner
(transitive) To accumulate (a number of similar or related objects), particularly for a hobby or recreation.

collect call collect calls n
PCV
(US, Canada) A phone call paid for by the receiver (callee), as opposed to the caller.

collect dust v
ramasser la poussière
(idiomatic) To remain untouched and unused for a long period of time.

collect up v
amasser
(transitive) To find and put together in the same place.

collected /kəˈlɛktɪd/ more collected most collected adj
posé
Cool‐headed, emotionally stable, in focus.

collecting /kəˈlɛktɪŋ/ collectings n
collection
A hobby including seeking, locating, acquiring, organizing, cataloging, displaying, storing, and maintaining whatever items are of interest to the individual collector.

collection /kəˈlɛkʃən/ collections n
collecte ramassage
The activity of collecting.
collection recueil
(set theory, topology, analysis) A set of sets; used because such a thing is in general too large to comply with the formal definition of a set.
quête
A gathering of money for charitable or other purposes, as by passing a contribution box for donations.
collection
The quality of being collected; calm composure.

collective /kəˈlɛktɪv/ collectives n
collectif
(grammar) A collective noun or name.

collective agreement collective agreements n
convention collective convention collective de travail
A contract specifying terms and conditions of employment between one or more labour unions and employers' associations legally binding for employers organized in these and the employees if they are unionized in them or their employment contract incorporates them by referral.

collective memory collective memories n
mémoire collective
(sociology) A shared pool of information held in the memories of multiple members of a group.

collective noun collective nouns n
nom collectif
(grammar) A noun which, though singular, refers to a group of things or animals. Examples: a school of fish, a pride of lions.

collective unconscious collective unconsciouses n
inconscient collectif
(psychology) The common experiences, thoughts and opinions of a large group of people taken as a whole.

collectivism collectivisms n
collectivisme
An economic system in which the means of production and distribution are owned and controlled by the people collectively

collectivist /kəˈlɛktɪvɪst/ adj
collectiviste
Of or pertaining to collectivism.

collectivity collectivities n
collectivité
(uncountable) The condition of being collective.
(countable) A body of people considered as a whole.

collectivization collectivizations n
collectivisation
The act of collectivizing

collectivize v
collectiviser

collector /kəˈlɛktə(ɹ)/ /kəˈlɛktɚ/ collectors n
collectionneur collectionneuse
A person who or thing that collects, or which creates or manages a collection.
collecteur encaisseur percepteur
A person who is employed to collect payments.
collecteur
(electronics) The amplified terminal on a bipolar junction transistor.

collector's item collectors' items n
objet de collection pièce de collection
Anything that a collector finds desirable and worth collecting.

college /ˈkɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɒlɪd͡ʒ/ colleges n
collège
(obsolete) A corporate group; a group of colleagues.
faculté
A specialized division of a university.
université
An academic institution. [From 1560s.]
université fac
(chiefly, US) An institution of higher education teaching undergraduates.

college town college towns n
ville universitaire
A town or city that is dominated by its university population.

collegiality collegialities n
collégialité
power and authority that is shared among peers, especially the sharing of collegiate power among Roman Catholic bishops.

collide /kəˈlaɪd/ v
heurter collision percuter en entrer
(intransitive) To impact directly, especially if violent.

collider colliders n
collisionneur
(physics) Any of several forms of particle accelerator in which two opposing beams of particles collide.

collie /ˈkɒli/ collies n
colley
Any of various breeds of dog originating in Scotland and England as sheepdogs

collier /ˈkɑliɚ/ /ˈkɒlɪə(ɹ)/ colliers n
charbonnier mineur
A person in the business or occupation of producing (digging or mining) coal or making charcoal or in its transporting or commerce.
charbonnier
(nautical) A vessel carrying a bulk cargo of coal.
(nautical) A sailor on such a vessel.

colliery /ˈkɑl.jɚ.ɪ/ /ˈkɒl.jə.ɹi/ collieries n
charbonnage houillère
(British) An underground coal mine, together with its surface buildings.

colligation colligations n
colligation
(logic) The formulation of a general hypothesis which seeks to connect two or more facts.

colligative adj
colligatif
(chemistry, physics) Describing any property that depends only on the number of molecules present.

collinear /koʊˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ /kəˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ adj
colinéaire
(geometry, of three or more points) Lying on the same straight line.

collinearity collinearities n
colinéarité
(uncountable) The condition of being collinear.
(countable, genetics) The relationship between the linear sequence of codons in DNA and that of amino acids in the protein so coded

collision /kəˈlɪʒən/ collisions n
collision
An instance of colliding.

collocation /ˌkɑl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ collocations n
collocation
(mathematics) A method of finding an approximate solution of an ordinary differential equation L[y]=0 by determining coefficients in an expansion y(x) = y_{0}(x) + \sum_{l=0}^{q}\alpha_{l} y_{l}(x) so as to make L[y] vanish at prescribed points; the expansion with the coefficients thus found is the sought approximation.

collodion collodions n
collodion
A syrupy solution of nitrocellulose (pyroxylin) in alcohol and ether that evaporates on a surface to form a clear elastic film; used in surgical dressings, photographic plates and lacquer paints.

colloid /ˈkɒlɔɪd/ colloids n
colloïde
(chemistry) A stable system of two phases, one of which is dispersed in the other in the form of very small droplets or particles.

colloquial /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əl/ /kəˈləʊ.kwɪəl/ more colloquial most colloquial adj
familier parlé
(linguistics) Characteristic of familiar conversation, of common parlance; informal.

colloquialism /kəˈloʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/ /kəˈləʊ.kwi.əˌlɪz.əm/ colloquialisms n
expression familière
A colloquial word or phrase; a common spoken expression.

colloquium /kəˈləʊkwiəm/ colloquia colloquiums n
colloque
An academic meeting or seminar usually led by a different lecturer and on a different topic at each meeting.

colloquy /ˈkɒ.lə.kwi/ colloquies n
conversation colloque
A conversation or dialogue. [from 15th c.]

collotype collotypes n
phototypie
(uncountable) A dichromate-based photographic process formerly used for large-volume mechanical printing
phototype
(countable) An image produced by this process

collude /kəˈluːd/ v
colluder comploter faire collusion
(intransitive) to act in concert with; to conspire

collusion /kəˈluːʒən/ collusions n
collusion
A private agreement for a fraudulent or illegal purpose; conspiracy.

colluvium colluvia colluviums n
colluvion
(geology) A loose accumulation of rock and soil debris at the foot of a slope

colocynth /kɒl.əˈsɪnθ/ colocynths n
coloquinte
A viny plant, Citrullus colocynthis, native to the Mediterranean Basin and Asia. It produces a lemon-sized, yellowish, green-mottled, spongy, and extremely bitter fruit.
The powdered pulp of this fruit, a powerful hepatic stimulant and hydragogue cathartic used as a strong laxative.

cologne /kəˈloʊn/ /kəˈləʊn/ colognes n
eau de Cologne
Any of a family of fresh, citrus-based fragrances distilled using extracts from citrus, floral, and woody ingredients, said to have been developed in the early 18th century in Cologne, Germany.

colon /ˈkoʊ.lən/ /ˈkɔ.lən/ /ˈkəʊ.lɒn/ /ˈkəʊ.lən/ [ˈkʰɔ.ɫn̩] cola coli colons n
deux points deux-points
The punctuation mark ⟨:⟩.
côlon
(anatomy) Part of the large intestine; the final segment of the digestive system, after (distal to) the ileum and before (proximal to) the rectum. (Because the colon is the largest part of the large intestine (constituting most of it), it is often treated as synonymous therewith in broad or casual usage.)

colonel /ˈkɜːnəl/ /ˈkɝnəl/ colonels n
colonel
A commissioned officer in an armed military organization, typically the highest rank before flag officer ranks (generals). It is generally found in armies, air forces or naval infantry (marines).

colonial /kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/ more colonial most colonial adj
colonial
Of or pertaining to a period when a country or territory was a colony.
(US) Of or relating to the original Thirteen Colonies of the USA.
(US) Of or relating to the style of architecture prevalent at about the time of the Revolution.

colonial power colonial powers n
puissance coloniale
(mainly historical) a country which possesses, or formerly possessed, colonies in different parts of the world.

colonialism /kəˈloʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈloʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.ni.ə.lɪ.zəm/ /kəˈləʊ.njə.lɪ.zəm/ colonialisms n
colonialisme
The policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.

colonialist more colonialist most colonialist adj
colonialiste
Of or pertaining to colonialism.

colonialist colonialists n
colonialiste
One who supports or advocates colonialism.

colonist /ˈkɑlənɪst/ /ˈkɒlənɪst/ colonists n
colonisateur colonisatrice
A founder of a colony.

colonization colonizations n
colonisation
The process of establishing a colony.

colonize /ˈkɑlənaɪz/ /ˈkɒlənaɪz/ v
coloniser
(transitive) To settle (a place) with colonists, and hence make (a place) into a colony.
(transitive) To settle (a group of people, a species, or the like) in a place as a colony.
(intransitive) To begin a colony or colonies.

colonnade /ˌkɒləˈneɪd/ colonnades n
colonnade
A series of columns at regular intervals.

colonoscopy /kɑləˈnɑskəpi/ colonoscopies n
coloscopie colonoscopie
(medicine) The examination of the colon using a colonoscope.

colony /ˈkɑ.lə.ni/ /ˈkɒl.ə.ni/ /ˈkɔl.ə.ni/ colonies n
colonie
(biology) A group of organisms of same or different species living together in close association.
A potential new chapter of a fraternity or sorority awaiting official recognition from their headquarters.

colophon /ˈkɒləfən/ colophons n
colophon achevé d’imprimer
(printing, publishing) In manuscripts (typically before the invention of printing), the note, usually at the end, left by the scribe who copied it, giving information on their exemplar, where and when the copy was made, and sometimes, their own name.
achevé d’imprimer
(printing) A printer's or publisher's identifying inscription or logo appearing at the front or end of a book, or the same appearing on the spine or dust jacket.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ adj
en couleur
Conveying color, as opposed to shades of gray.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ colors n
couleur
(uncountable) The spectral composition of visible light.
(finance, uncountable) A third-order measure of derivative price sensitivity, expressed as the rate of change of gamma with respect to time, or equivalently the rate of change of charm with respect to changes in the underlying asset price.

color /ˈkʌl.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌl.ɚ/ v
colorer teinter
(transitive) To give something color.
colorier
(intransitive) To apply colors to the areas within the boundaries of a line drawing using colored markers or crayons.
rougir
(of a person or their face) To become red through increased blood flow.

color blind more color blind most color blind adj
daltonien
(of a, person or animal) Unable to distinguish between two or more primary colors (usually red and green).

color blindness color blindnesses n
daltonisme
(medicine, ophthalmology) Any of several medical conditions in which the physical ability to see colors is impaired, especially achromatopsia, Daltonism.

color coordinate /ˈkʌlə(ɹ) koʊˈɔː(ɹ)dɪneɪt/ /ˈkʌlə(ɹ) koʊˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnət/ color coordinates n
coordonnée colorimétrique
(colorimetry) Each value in a set of coordinates representing the position of a color in a color space.

color space color spaces n
espace colorimétrique

coloration colorations n
coloration
The act or art of coloring.

coloratura /kɒləɹəˈtjʊɹə/ coloraturas n
colorature
(uncountable) Florid or fancy passages in vocal music.

colorectal adj
colorectal
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the colorectum

colorectally adj
colorectalement

colored /ˈkʌləɹd/ more colored most colored adj
coloré de couleur
Having a particular color or kind of color.
coloré de couleur en couleur
Having prominent colors; colorful.
marqué teinté
Biased; pervasively (but potentially subtly) influenced in a particular way.
de couleur
(US, now, dated, and, usually, offensive) Of skin color other than white; in particular, black.
de couleur métis
(South Africa, sometimes, capitalized) Belonging to a multiracial ethnic group or category, having ancestry from more than one of the racial groups of southern Africa (black, white, and Asian). (Under apartheid, used as a metadescription for mixed-race people and peoples such as the Cape Coloureds.)

colored /ˈkʌləɹd/ coloreds n
personne de couleur
(South Africa) A colored person; a person descended from more than one of the racial groups of Southern Africa (black white, Asian, Austronesian).
couleurs
(laundry) A colored article of clothing.

colored pencil colored pencils n
crayon de couleur
(, American spelling) A pencil with a wax-like colored core.

colorful /ˈkʌləfəl/ /ˈkʌlɚfəl/ more colorful most colorful adj
coloré
Possessing prominent and varied colors.
Interesting, multifaceted, energetic, distinctive.

colorimeter colorimeters n
colorimètre
Any of various instruments designed to determine the color of something, by comparison with standard colors or by spectroscopy.

colorimetric adj
colorimétrique
(analytical chemistry) Of or pertaining to colorimetry.
Obtained by using a colorimeter.

colorimetry colorimetries n
colorimétrie
The science of measuring colours and assigning them numeric values.

coloring book coloring books n
livre de coloriage
A book containing line art for readers (usually children) to add color using crayons, colored pencils, markers, paint, or other artistic media.

colorism colorisms n
colorisme
(American spelling) Prejudice or bias against persons on the basis of their skin color or complexion, often among persons of the same racial identification.
(painting) A style of painting characterised by the use of intense color.

colorization colorizations n
colorisation
An electronic process that adds color to black and white movies.

colorize v
colorier coloriser
To add color to.

coloscopic adj
coloscopique

colossal /kəˈlɒsəl/ more colossal most colossal adj
colossal
Extremely large or on a great scale.

colossus /kəˈlɑs.əs/ /kəˈlɒs.əs/ colossi colossuses n
colosse
A statue of gigantic size. The name was especially applied to certain famous statues in antiquity, as the Colossus of Nero in Rome and the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
(by extension) Any creature or thing of gigantic size.

colostomy colostomies n
colostomie
(surgery) An incision into the colon to allow for drainage; the opening produced in such incision.

colostrum /kəˈlɒstɹəm/ colostra n
colostrum
(medicine) A form of milk produced by the mammary glands in late pregnancy and the few days after giving birth. Human and bovine colostrum is thick and yellowish. In humans, it has high concentrations of nutrients and antibodies, but it is small in quantity.

colour television colour televisions n
télévision en couleur
(countable) A television set that displays images in colour.

colourable /ˈkʌləɹəb(ə)l/ adj
colorable coloriable
That can be coloured.

colourant colourants n
colorant
A pigment, dye etc added to something to change its colour or hue

colourless /ˈkʌlə(ɹ).ləs/ more colourless most colourless adj
incolore sans couleur
Having little or no colour.

colovaginoplasty colovaginoplasties n
colovaginoplastie

colposcope /ˈkɒlpəskəʊp/ colposcopes n
colposcope
a form of endoscope used to examine the tissues of the vagina and cervix

colt /koʊlt/ /kɒlt/ /kəʊlt/ [kɔʊlt] colts n
poulain
A young male horse.
jeunot
(figuratively) A youthful or inexperienced person; a novice.

coltan /ˈkoʊlˌtæn/ coltans n
coltan
(mineralogy) A metallic ore, (Fe,Mn)(Ta,Nb)2O6, from which the elements niobium and tantalum are extracted.

colter /ˈkoʊltɚ/ /ˈkəʊltə/ colters n
coutre
A knife or cutter attached to the beam of a plow to cut the sward, in advance of the plowshare and moldboard.

coltsfoot coltsfeet coltsfoots n
tussilage
An herbaceous plant, species Tussilago farfara, that grows in Europe and the Middle East; yellow coltsfoot.

colubrid colubrids n
colubridé
Any snake in the family Colubridae, completely covered in scales and mostly nonvenomous.

colugo /kəˈluːɡoʊ/ colugo colugos n
dermoptère galéopithèque
An arboreal gliding mammal of the family Cynocephalidae native to Southeast Asia.

columbarium columbaria columbariums n
columbarium
A building, a vault or a similar place for the respectful and usually public storage of cinerary urns containing cremated remains.

columbine /ˈkɒləmbaɪn/ columbines n
ancolie
Any plant of the genus Aquilegia, having distinctive bell-shaped flowers with spurs on each petal.

columbite columbites n
columbite
(mineral) A black mineral that is a mixed iron and manganese niobate and tantalate, and is the main ore of niobium and tantalum.

columella /ˌkɒləˈmɛlə/ columellae columellas n
columelle
(biology) Any of various small structures in plants or animals that are columnar in shape.

column /ˈkɑljəm/ /ˈkɑləm/ /ˈkɒləm/ columns n
colonne
(architecture) A solid upright structure designed usually to support a larger structure above it, such as a roof or horizontal beam, but sometimes for decoration.
(chemistry) An object used to separate the different components of a liquid or to purify chemical compounds.
colonne rubrique
A unit of width, especially of advertisements, in a periodical, equivalent to the width of a usual column of text.
Something having similar vertical form or structure to the things mentioned above, such as a spinal column.

columnar /kəˈlʌmnɚ/ adj
colonnaire
Having the shape of a column.

columnist /ˈkɑ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɑ.ləm.nɪst/ /ˈkɒ.lə.mɪst/ /ˈkɒ.ləm.nɪst/ columnists n
chroniqueur
A regular writer of a column, such as in a magazine or newspaper

colza n
colza chou
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus), cultivated for its seeds, which yield an oil, valued for illuminating and lubricating purposes.

coma /ˈkoʊmə/ /ˈkəʊmə/ comae n
coma
A state of unconsciousness from which one may not wake up, usually induced by some form of trauma.
coma chevelure
(astronomy) A cloud of dust surrounding the nucleus of a comet.

comarca comarcas n
comarque
A traditional region or local administrative division found in parts of Spain, Portugal, Panama, Nicaragua, and Brazil.

comatose /ˈkoʊ.məˌtoʊs/ /ˈkɑm.əˌtoʊs/ /ˈkɒm.əˌtəʊs/ /ˈkəʊ.məˌtoʊs/ more comatose most comatose adj
comateux
In a coma: unconscious.

comb /koʊm/ /kəʊm/ combs n
peigne
A toothed implement for grooming the hair or (formerly) for keeping it in place.
The toothed plate at the top and bottom of an escalator that prevents objects getting trapped between the moving stairs and fixed landings.
crête peigne
A fleshy growth on the top of the head of some birds and reptiles; crest.

comb /koʊm/ /kəʊm/ v
peigner coiffer
(transitive, especially of hair or fur) To groom with a toothed implement, especially a comb.
peigner
(transitive) To separate choice cotton fibers from worsted cloth fibers.
passer au peigne fin ratisser
(transitive) To search thoroughly as if raking over an area with a comb.

comb one's hair v
peigner ses cheveux
To straighten one's hair with a comb. (This entry is a translation hub.)

comb-crested jacana comb-crested jacanas n
jacana à crête
Irediparra gallinacea, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

combat /kəmˈbæt/ /ˈkɑmˌbæt/ /ˈkɒmˌbæt/ combats n
combat bataille lutte
A battle, a fight (often one in which weapons are used).

combat /kəmˈbæt/ /ˈkɑmˌbæt/ /ˈkɒmˌbæt/ v
combattre
(intransitive) To fight (with); to struggle for victory (against).

combat engineer combat engineers n
ingénieur militaire

combat sport combat sports n
sport de combat
A sport that involves man-to-man combat.

combatant /kəm.ˈbæ.tənt/ /ˈkɑm.bə.tənt/ /ˈkɒm.bə.tənt/ combatants n
combattant combattante
A person engaged in combat, often armed.

combative /kɒmˈbæ.tɪv/ /kəmˈbæ.tɪv/ /ˈkɑm.bə.tɪv/ /ˈkɒm.bə.tɪv/ more combative most combative adj
combatif
Given to fighting; disposed to engage in combat; pugnacious.

combe /kuːm/ combes n
combe
A valley, often wooded and often with no river

comber /ˈkɑmbɚ/ /ˈkɒmbə/ combers n
perche de mer
Serranus cabrilla, the gaper, a fish found in European waters.

combinable more combinable most combinable adj
combinable
Able to be combined.

combination /kɑmbɪˈneɪʃən/ /kɒmbɪˈneɪʃən/ combinations n
combinaison
The act of combining, the state of being combined or the result of combining.
An object formed by combining.
A sequence of numbers or letters used to open a combination lock.
combinaison sélection
(mathematics) One or more elements selected from a set without regard to the order of selection.
association groupement
An association or alliance of people for some common purpose.
side-car
A motorcycle and sidecar.

combination pliers n
pince universelle
(US, UK) A type of pliers used by linemen, electricians, and other tradesmen primarily for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wire, cable and small metalwork components.

combinatorics /ˌkɑm.bɪn.əˈtɔɹ.ɪks/ n
combinatoire
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that studies (usually finite) collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria

combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ /ˈkɑm.baɪn/ /ˈkɒm.baɪn/ v
combiner
(transitive) To bring (two or more things or activities) together; to unite.

combine harvester /ˈkɑmˌbaɪn ˈhɑɹvəstəɹ/ combine harvesters n
moissonneuse-batteuse
A combine, a farming machine that harvests, threshes, and cleans grain plants.

combined /kəmˈbaɪnd/ adj
combiné
Resulting from the addition of several sources, parts, elements, aspects, etc. united together.

combo box [ˈkɒmbəʊ bɒks] combo boxes n
boîte combinée
(graphical user interface) A GUI widget that is a combination of a dropdown list or list box and a single-line textbox, allowing the user either to type a value directly into the control or choose from the list of existing options.

combustible /kəmˈbʌstɪbəl/ combustibles n
combustible
A material that is capable of burning.

combustion /kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/ combustions n
combustion
(chemistry) The act or process of burning.
A process whereby two chemicals are combined to produce heat.
A process wherein a fuel is combined with oxygen, usually at high temperature, releasing heat.

combustion chamber combustion chambers n
chambre de combustion
An enclosed space, within a heat engine, in which the fuel is mixed and reacted with air or other oxidizing agent in a controlled manner.

combustion engine combustion engines n
moteur à combustion moteur thermique
an engine that uses the combustion of fuel to produce work (movement)

come /kʌm/ [km] [km̩] [kəm] [kʰɐm] [kʰʌm] v
venir
(intransitive) To move from further away to nearer to.
(intransitive) To take a position relative to something else in a sequence.
venir jouir arriver
(intransitive, vulgar, slang) To achieve orgasm; to cum; to ejaculate.
arriver devenir se révéler s’avérer
(copulative, fossil word) To become, to turn out to be.
arriver venir
(transitive, informal) To pretend to be; to behave in the manner of.

come a long way v
faire du chemin parcourir du chemin
(idiomatic) To make significant progress.

come about v
se passer
(intransitive) To come to pass; to develop; to occur; to take place; to happen; to exist.

come across v
avoir l'air de
(idiomatic) To give an appearance or impression; to project a certain image.
tomber sur
(idiomatic, transitive) To find, usually by accident.

come after v
suivre
To pursue or follow; to pursue with hostile intent.
To follow or succeed; to be the successor of.

come again interjection
comment de quoi hein pardon plaît-il quoi
(idiomatic, informal, by ellipsis) A polite formula used when one has not heard or understood what has been said, or to indicate surprise.
au plaisir
(idiomatic) Used as a polite farewell to a visitor, inviting a return visit.

come along v
accompagner venir
(intransitive, followed by "with") To accompany.
avancer
(idiomatic, intransitive) To progress; to make progress.

come and go v
aller et venir
To alternately enter and exit, arrive and depart (either physically or figuratively)

come at v
attaquer
(obsolete) To come to; to attend.
To attack; to harass.

come back v
revenir
(intransitive) To return to a former state, usually a desirable one; to become fashionable once more.

come between v
provoquer une séparation séparer
(transitive) To affect negatively or cause discord between (someone) and another person.

come clean v
avouer confesser
(idiomatic) To confess; admit the truth.

come down v
descendre tomber
(intransitive) To descend, fall down, collapse.
chuter faire son choix
(intransitive) To reach or release a decision.
être transmis
(intransitive) To be passed through time.

come down to earth v
redescendre sur terre
(idiomatic, of an event, thing, person) To be brought back to reality; to emerge from a daydream.

come down with v
contracter attraper tomber malade
To contract or get (an illness); to show symptoms of.

come first v
arriver premier
(idiomatic) To win first place in a competition.
avant tout d'abord primer
(idiomatic) To be the most important thing to consider.

come from v
venir de

come full circle v
boucler la boucle
(idiomatic) To complete a cycle of transition, returning to where one started after gaining experience or exploring other things.

come hell or high water adv
coûte que coûte quoi qu'il arrive à tout prix

come in from the cold /ˈkʌm‿ɪn fɹəm ðə ˈkoʊld/ /ˈkʌm‿ɪn fɹəm ðə ˈkəʊld/ v
venir du froid
(by extension) To gain widespread acceptance in a group or society, especially where there was not any before.

come in handy v
être utile
(idiomatic, informal) To prove to be useful or helpful.

come into being v
apparaître
(idiomatic) To form; to start to exist.

come into force v
entrer en vigueur prendre effet
(of a law, regulation, etc.) To become valid or active, to inure.

come into play v
entrer en jeu
To become involved, start to play a role.

come of age v
atteindre la majorité
(idiomatic) To reach a specific age where one is legally considered to be an adult.
maturer mûrir
(idiomatic, by extension) To mature, or become fully developed.

come off v
se décoller se détacher
To become detached.

come on /ˌkʌm ˈɑn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɔn/ interjection
c'est pas vrai mais enfin mais voyons quoi
An expression of disbelief.
allez mais enfin quoi voyons à la fin
An expression of frustration, exasperation, or impatience; hurry up.

come on /ˌkʌm ˈɑn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɒn/ /ˌkʌm ˈɔn/ v
avancer
(intransitive) To progress, to develop.
avoir ses Anglais avoir ses ours
(intransitive, idiomatic, colloquial, UK) To get one's period, start menstruating.

come on to v
draguer
(transitive, informal) To make a romantic or sexual advance to.

come out /ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/ v
sortir
To be discovered, be revealed.
To be published, be issued.
(copulative) To end up or result.
To be deducted from.
To express one's opinion openly.

come out of one's shell v
sortir de sa coquille

come out of the closet v
sortir du placard coming out faire son coming out sortie du placard
(intransitive, idiomatic) To tell others about one's homosexuality, bisexuality, transness, or any minority or disapproved-of identity, belief, preference, etc., where previously this had been kept secret.

come over v
venir
(intransitive) To change one's position or location, especially to someone's place of residence; to come by.

come round v
se raviser
To change one's opinion to a prevailing one.
passer
To visit someone's home or other regular place.

come to /kʌm ˈtu/ /ˈkʌm tu/ v
reprendre connaissance reprendre ses esprits revenir à soi
(intransitive, idiomatic) To recover consciousness after fainting etc.
arriver à atteindre monter à
(transitive) To befall; to happen to; to come upon.

come to a head v
arriver à un point critique
(idiomatic) To rapidly reach a turning point or climax.
mûrir
(medicine, of an abscess) To reach its final stage.

come to an end v
tirer à sa fin toucher à sa fin
(idiomatic, intransitive) To stop; to cease; to no longer continue.

come to grief v
exploser en vol
(idiomatic) To suffer a disastrous outcome.

come to grips with v
faire face
(idiomatic) To confront or deal with directly; to commence a confrontation.

come to light v
se montrer sortir du bois être révélé
(idiomatic) To become known; to be revealed.

come to nothing v
ne servir à rien
(idiomatic) To fail completely; to have no result.

come to one's senses v
reprendre ses esprits revenir à soi
(idiomatic) To reawaken after having lost consciousness.
revenir à soi
(idiomatic) To become reasonable, comprehending, or responsible, especially after having behaved in an unreasonable, uncomprehending, or irresponsible manner.

come to pass v
se passer
To happen; to occur.

come to power v
arriver au pouvoir
(idiom) To be installed in high office, for example as a king, president, or prime minister.

come to someone's aid v
venir en aide
(idiomatic) To assist and rescue someone.

come to terms with v
se faire une raison se résigner à se résoudre à
(idiomatic) To accept or resign oneself to something emotionally painful.

come to think of it adv
maintenant que [[j']]y pense maintenant que tu en parles maintenant que tu le dis
(idiomatic) by the way; now that I think about it; indicates something brought to mind.

come together /tə-/ /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðə(ɹ)/ /ˈkʌm tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ v
affluer s’assembler s’unir
(intransitive) To assemble; to congregate.

come true v
réaliser
To become real: to become true or existent.

come up v
approcher
(intransitive) To come towards, to approach.
se montrer sortir du bois
(idiomatic, intransitive) To emerge or become known, especially unexpectedly.
produire
(intransitive) To appear (before a judge or court).
monter
(British, slang, intransitive) To begin to feel the effects of a recreational drug.

come up with v
imaginer inventer
(idiomatic) To manage to produce, deliver, or present (something) by inventing, creating, thinking of, or obtaining it.

come what may adv
advienne que pourra quoiqu'il arrive
(idiomatic) In spite of anything that might happen; whatever may occur.

come-hither more come-hither most come-hither adj
aguicheur
Seductive or alluring.

comeback /ˈkʌmbæk/ comebacks n
repartie
A retort or answer, particularly a quick or clever one.
comeback remontée
(sports) An occurrence of an athlete or sports team in a competition overcoming a substantial disadvantage in points to win or draw.

comedian /kəˈmiːdi.ən/ comedians n
comique humoriste
An entertainer who performs in a humorous manner, especially by telling jokes.

comedienne /kəˌmiːdiˈɛn/ /kəˌmiːdɪˈɛn/ comediennes n
comédienne
(dated) A female comedian.

comedy /ˈkɑmədi/ /ˈkɒmədi/ comedies n
comédie
(countable, historical) A choric song of celebration or revel, especially in Ancient Greece.
(countable) A light, amusing play with a happy ending.
(countable, Medieval Europe) A narrative poem with an agreeable ending (e.g., The Divine Comedy).
(countable, drama) A dramatic work that is light and humorous or satirical in tone.
(drama) The genre of such works.

comely /ˈkʌmli/ comelier comeliest more comely most comely adj
avenant
Of a person: attractive or pleasing to look at; beautiful, handsome; also, attractive but not particularly beautiful or handsome.

comestible /kəˈmɛstəbl̩/ /kəˈmɛstɪbl̩/ more comestible most comestible adj
comestible
Suitable to be eaten; edible. [From 15th c.]

comet /ˈkɒmət/ comets n
comète
A celestial phenomenon with the appearance of such a body.

comeuppance /kʌmˈʌpəns/ comeuppances n
châtiment
Retribution or outcome that is justly deserved.

comfort /kʌmˈfɔɹt/ /ˈkʊm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fɚt/ [ˈkʰʌɱ.fɚt] comforts n
confort commodité
Contentment, ease.

comfort /kʌmˈfɔɹt/ /ˈkʊm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fət/ /ˈkʌm.fɚt/ [ˈkʰʌɱ.fɚt] v
consoler
(obsolete) To make strong; to invigorate; to fortify; to corroborate.

comfort food /ˈkʌmfət ˌfuːd/ /ˈkʌmfɚt ˌfud/ comfort foods n
aliment réconfortant aliment-doudou aliment-réconfort
Simple, comforting home-cooked-style food associated with one's formative years, often a staple of diners and other informal restaurants.

comfort woman comfort women n
femme de réconfort
(idiomatic, historical, euphemistic) A woman forced, or supposedly recruited, into brothels by the Japanese occupation forces before or during World War II.

comfort zone comfort zones n
zone de confort
The range of temperature, humidity, and other environmental factors that people or other organisms require in order to be physiologically unstressed.
(idiomatic, by extension) The range of circumstances in which a person feels relaxed or able to cope.

comfortability /ˌkʌmfətəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌkʌmfɚtəˈbɪlɪti/ [ˌkəmfɚɾəˈbɪləɾi] comfortabilities n
confortabilité
Synonym of comfortableness (“the quality or state of being comfortable or relaxed”)

comfortable /ˈkɐmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌm.fəɹ.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ˈkʌmf.təɹ.bəl/ [ˈkʰɐɱf.tɘ.bɫ̩] [ˈkʰʌɱf.tə̥.bɫ̩] comfortabler comfortablest more comfortable most comfortable adj
confortable agréable
Providing physical comfort and ease; agreeable. [from 18th c.]

comfortable in one's own skin adj
bien dans sa peau bien dans ses baskets bien dans ses bottes bien dans ses pompes
(idiomatic) Relaxed and confident in one's manner of presenting oneself and interacting with others; conveying the impression that one has a clear, satisfying understanding of one's own abilities and situation.

comfortably /ˈkʌmf(ə)təbli/ /ˈkʌmftɚbli/ /ˈkʌmfɚtəbli/ more comfortably most comfortably adv
confortablement
In a comfortable manner.

comforter /ˈkʌmfətə/ /ˈkʌmfəɹtɚ/ comforters n
consolateur
A person who comforts someone who is suffering.

comforting /ˈkʌm.fə.tɪŋ/ /ˈkʌm.fɚ.tɪŋ/ more comforting most comforting adj
rassurant réconfortant
Giving comfort.

comfrey /ˈkʌm.fɹi/ comfreys n
consoude
Any of several species of perennial herbs of the genus Symphytum, often specifically Symphytum officinale.

comfy /ˈkʌm.fi/ [kʰʌmpfi] [ˈkʰʌɱ.fi] comfier comfiest adj
confortable
(informal) Comfortable.

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ more comic most comic adj
comique
Pertaining to comedy, as a literary genre. [from 16th c.]
comique cocasse
Using the techniques of comedy, as a composition, performer etc; amusing, entertaining. [from 16th c.]

comic /ˈkɑmɪk/ /ˈkɒmɪk/ comics n
comédien
A comedian.
bande dessinée BD
A story composed of drawn images arranged in a sequence, usually with textual captions; a graphic novel.

comic book comic books n
bande dessinée bédé
(comics) A book or magazine that uses sequences of drawings to tell a story or series of stories, primarily in serialized form, usually fiction.

comic relief /ˈkɑmɪk ɹɪˈliːf/ /ˈkɒmɪk ɹɪˈliːf/ n
faire-valoir comique
(narratology) The inclusion of a humorous character or scene or witty dialogue in an otherwise serious work, often to relieve tension.

comic strip comic strips n
bande dessinée bande strip
(comics) A series of drawings, in sequence, often but not necessarily depicting something funny or satirical in nature.

comical /ˈkɑmɪkəl/ /ˈkɒmɪkəl/ more comical most comical adj
comique
(archaic) Originally, relating to comedy.

comics /ˈkɑmɪks/ /ˈkɒmɪks/ n
bande dessinée BD bédé
the medium of comic books, comic strips, and other sequential art

coming /ˈkʌmɪŋ/ comings n
arrivée venue
The act of arriving; an arrival.

coming and going comings and goings n
va-et-vient faits et gestes
(in the plural) The activities of a specified person or group

coming into the world comings into the world n
venue au monde
(idiom, dated) The act of being born; a birth.

coming of age comings of age n
passage à [[l']]âge adulte
A person's journey from childhood or adolescence to adulthood.

coming-of-age adj
passage à l'âge adulte
Of or pertaining to a person's journey from childhood or adolescence to adulthood.

comital more comital most comital adj
comtal
Of or pertaining to a count or earl.

comitative case comitative cases n
comitatif
(grammatical case) Noun case used to denote companionship. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase in company with, together with or with, as in "with the house." Languages that use the comitative case include Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Inari Sami, Northern Sami, Skolt Sami, and Quechua. It is also found in many Australian Aboriginal languages, where it is commonly used to form names of places and languages.

comitia comitia n
comices
(historical) A popular legislative assembly in ancient Rome.

comitology /ˌkɑm.ɪˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌkɒm.ɪˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/ comitologies n
comitologie
(European Union) The system of committees, composed of representatives of the member states, used to oversee European Commission implementing acts made under European Union legislation.

comma /ˈkɑ.mə/ /ˈkɒ.mə/ /ˈkɒm.ə/ /ˈkɔm.ə/ commaes commas commata n
virgule
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨,⟩ used to indicate a set of parts of a sentence or between elements of a list.

comma /ˈkɑ.mə/ /ˈkɒ.mə/ /ˈkɒm.ə/ /ˈkɔm.ə/ v
virguler
(rare, transitive) To place a comma or commas within text; to follow, precede, or surround a portion of text with commas.

command /kəˈmænd/ /kəˈmɑːnd/ commands n
ordre commandement
An order to do something.
maîtrise
power of control, direction or disposal; mastery.
commandement
The act of commanding; exercise or authority of influence.
(military) A body or troops, or any naval or military force, under the control of a particular officer; by extension, any object or body in someone's charge.
commande
(computing) A directive to a computer program acting as an interpreter of some kind, in order to perform a specific task.

command /kəˈmænd/ /kəˈmɑːnd/ v
commander ordonner
(ambitransitive) To order, give orders; to compel or direct with authority.
diriger
(transitive) To hold, to control the use of.
(obsolete) To direct to come; to bestow.

command line command lines n
ligne de commande
(computing) The text prompt presented to the user in a command line interface.

command post command posts n
poste de commandement
(military) The headquarters of a given unit; the operational base of a unit's commanding officer.

commandable more commandable most commandable adj
commandable

commandant /-dɑnt/ /kɒmənˈdænt/ /kɒmənˈdɑːnt/ /ˈkɒməndænt/ /ˈkɒməndɑːnt/ commandants n
commandant
(military) A commanding officer, usually of a specific force or division.

commandeer /kɒmənˈdɪə(ɹ)/ v
réquisitionner
(transitive) To seize for military use.
enrôler
(transitive) To force into military service.

commander /kəˈmandə/ /kəˈmændɚ/ /kəˈmɑːndə/ commanders n
commandant commandante
One who exercises control and direction of a military or naval organization.
commandeur
A rank within an honorary order: e.g. Commander of the Legion of Honour.

commander in chief commanders in chief n
commandant en chef
Supreme commander of the armed forces of an entire country.

commanding officer commanding officers n
commandant
The officer in command of, and typically having ultimate authority over, a military unit.

commandment /kəˈmændmənt/ /kəˈmændɪmənt/ /kəˈmændɪˌmɛnt/ /kəˈmɑːndmənt/ commandments n
commandement
(archaic) Something that must be obeyed; a command or edict.

commando /kəˈmændoʊ/ /kəˈmɑːn.dəʊ/ commandoes commandos n
commando
A small fighting force specially trained for making quick destructive raids against enemy-held areas.

comme ci comme ça adv
comme ci comme ça couci-couça
Neither very well nor very poorly.

comme il faut /ˌkʌmilˈfoʊ/ /ˌkʌmiːlˈfəʊ/ more comme il faut most comme il faut adj
comme il faut
Proper; in keeping with etiquette or social standards.

commemorate /kəˈmɛməˌɹeɪt/ v
commémorer
(transitive) To honour the memory of someone or something with a ceremony or object.
(transitive) To serve as a memorial to someone or something.

commemoration commemorations n
commémoration
The act of commemorating; an observance or celebration to honor the memory of some person or event.

commemorative adj
commémoratif
Serving to commemorate something.

commemorative commemoratives n
commémoratif
(philately) A postage stamp issued to commemorate, usually a person or event; also commonly applied to thematic (topical) stamp issues.

commence /kəˈmɛns/ v
commencer
(intransitive) To begin, start.

commend /kəˈmɛnd/ v
féliciter
(transitive) To congratulate or reward.
louer féliciter
(transitive) To praise or acclaim.
recommander
(transitive) To entrust or commit to the care of someone else.

commendable /kəˈmɛndəbəl/ /ˈkɒməndəbəl/ /ˈkɒmɛndəbəl/ more commendable most commendable adj
louable digne d'éloges
Worthy of commendation; deserving praise; admirable, creditable, or meritorious.

commensurate /kəˈmɛnsəɹət/ /kəˈmɛnʃəɹət/ more commensurate most commensurate adj
commensurable
Of a proportionate or similar measurable standard.

commensurately more commensurately most commensurately adv
proportionnel
In a commensurate manner; so as to be equal or proportionate.
convergent correspondant
With equal measure or extent.

comment /ˈkɑmɛnt/ /ˈkɒm.ɛnt/ [ˈkʰɑmɛnt] [ˈkʰɒm.ɛnt] comments n
commentaire
A spoken or written remark.
(programming) A remark embedded in source code in such a way that it will be ignored by the compiler or interpreter, typically to help people to understand the code.

comment /ˈkɑmɛnt/ /ˈkɒm.ɛnt/ [ˈkʰɑmɛnt] [ˈkʰɒm.ɛnt] v
commenter
(transitive) To remark.
(transitive, software, of code) To comment out (code); to disable by converting into a comment.

comment out v
commenter
(programming, transitive) To disable a section of source code by converting it into a comment.

commentation commentations n
commentation
The act of making comments
commentarisation
(programming) Utilization of comments in source code.

commentative /kəˈmɛntətɪv/ /ˈkɒmənˌteɪtɪv/ adj
commentatif
(of film music) That occurs outside of the context of the film's action, and therefore cannot be heard by the film's characters.

commentator /ˈkɑmənˌteɪtəɹ/ commentators n
commentateur
A person who comments; especially someone who is paid to give his/her opinions in the media about current affairs, sports, etc.

commenter commenters n
commentateur
One who comments.

commerce /kəˈmɜːs/ /kəˈmɝs/ /ˈkɑ.mɚs/ /ˈkɒm.əs/ commerces n
commerce rapports
(business) The exchange or buying and selling of commodities; especially the exchange of merchandise, on a large scale, between different places or communities; extended trade or traffic.
rapports
Social intercourse; the dealings of one person or class in society with another; familiarity.
(obsolete) Sexual intercourse.
(card games) An 18th-century French card game in which the cards are subject to exchange, barter, or trade.

commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ /kəˈmɝʃəl/ more commercial most commercial adj
commercial
Of or pertaining to commerce.

commercial /kəˈmɜːʃəl/ /kəˈmɝʃəl/ commercials n
publicité
An advertisement in a common media format, usually radio or television.

commercialization /kəˌmɜːrʃəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ commercializations n
commercialisation
The act of commercializing.

commercially more commercially most commercially adv
commercialement
In a commercial manner: a manner pertaining to commerce.

commie /ˈkɑ.mi/ /ˈkɒm.i/ /ˈkɔm.i/ commies n
coco
(pejorative, slang) A communist; a person with communist sympathies; a supposed communist infiltrator.

comminution /ˌkɑməˈn(j)uʃən/ /ˌkɒmɪˈnjuːʃ(ə)n/ comminutions n
comminution
(often, mining, waste management) The breaking or grinding up of a material to form smaller particles.

commiserate /kəˈmɪzəɹeɪt/ v
compatir

commiseration commiserations n
commisération
The act of commiserating; sorrow for the hardships or afflictions of another; pity; compassion.

commissar /ˈkɑ.məˌsɑr/ /ˌkɒmɪ.ˈsɑː/ commissars n
commissaire
(historical, Soviet Union) In the early Soviet Union, the head of a commissariat.

commissariat commissariats n
commissariat
(historical) A department of the government of the Soviet Union in the early period of its existence.

commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ commissions n
commission
A body or group of people, officially tasked with carrying out a particular function.
commission courtage commission d'agent immobilier
A fee charged by an agent or broker for carrying out a transaction.

commission /kəˈmɪʃən/ v
charger missionner
(transitive) To send or officially charge someone or some group to do something.
commander
(transitive) To place an order for (often a piece of art).
mettre en service
(transitive, especially, of a ship or boat) To put into active service.

commissioner /kəˈmɪʃənə/ /kəˈmɪʃənɚ/ commissioners n
commissaire
Someone commissioned to perform certain duties.

commissioning commissionings n
mise en service
The process of assuring that all systems and components of a major piece of equipment, a process, a building or similar are designed, installed and tested according to the operational requirements of the owner or final client.

commissure /ˈkɑm.əˌʃʊɹ/ /ˈkɒm.ɪs.jʊə/ commissures n
commissure
(anatomy) The line where the upper and lower lips or eyelids meet.

commit /kəˈmɪt/ commits n
commit

commit /kəˈmɪt/ v
engager commettre confier consigner remettre
(transitive) To give in trust; to put into charge or keeping; to entrust; to consign; used with to or formerly unto.
engager
(ambitransitive) To pledge or bind; to compromise, expose, or endanger by some decisive act or preliminary step. (Traditionally used only reflexively but now also without oneself etc.)

commit adultery v
commettre un adultère
(This entry is a translation hub.)

commit suicide v
se suicider francetélécomer mettre fin à ses jours s'autolyser se brûler la cervelle se buter
To kill oneself; to take one's own life. (This entry is a translation hub.)

commit to memory /kəˈmɪts tu ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi/ v
apprendre par cœur
To learn by heart, to memorize.

commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ commitments n
engagement
Promise or agreement to do something in the future, especially:
Being bound emotionally or intellectually to a course of action or to another person or persons.

committee [kɑmɪˈtiː] [kɒmɪˈtiː] [kəˈmɪt.i] committees n
comité commission
A body of one or more persons convened for the accomplishment of some specific purpose, typically with formal protocols.

commode /kəˈməʊd/ commodes n
commode
A low chest of drawers on short legs.
selle
(euphemistic, US) A toilet.

commodious /kəˈmoʊdi.əs/ /kəˈməʊdɪəs/ more commodious most commodious adj
ample logeable spacieux
Spacious and convenient; roomy and comfortable. [from 16th c.]
approprié commode convenable
(now, rare) Of life or living, endowed with conveniences; comfortable; free from hardship. [from 16th c.]

commodity /kəˈmɑdəti/ /kəˈmɒdəti/ commodities n
marchandise bien produit
(business) Anything movable (a good) that is bought and sold. [from 15th c.]
bien de consommation courante
(marketing) Undifferentiated goods characterized by a low profit margin, as distinguished from branded products.

commodore /ˈkɒm.ə.dɔː/ /ˈkɔ.mə.doɹ/ commodores n
commodore
(military, nautical) A naval officer holding a rank between captain and rear admiral.

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commoner commonest more common most common adj
commun commune
Mutual; shared by more than one.
Occurring or happening regularly or frequently; usual.
Found in large numbers or in a large quantity; usual.
ordinaire commun
Simple, ordinary or vulgar.
commun
(grammar) Of, pertaining or belonging to the common gender.

common /ˈkɑ.mən/ /ˈkɒm.ən/ /ˈkɒm.ʌn/ commons n
copropriété espace domanial espace public
A tract of land in common ownership; common land.

common ash common ashes n
frêne commun
Any of a species of tall deciduous trees, (Fraxinus excelsior) native to most of Europe.

common bean common beans n
haricot
An herbaceous annual plant (Phaseolus vulgaris), grown for its edible bean.
A bean of such a plant, varying in size, shape and especially color.

common bile duct common bile ducts n
canal cholédoque
(anatomy) The bile duct downstream of the confluence of the common hepatic duct and the cystic duct. It discharges bile into the duodenum.

common buzzard common buzzards n
buse variable
A bird of prey species, Buteo buteo.

common carp common carp common carps n
carpe commune
A fish in the carp family, of species Cyprinus carpio.

common chickweed common chickweeds n
mouron des oiseaux morgeline
The herb Stellaria media.

common cockchafer common cockchafers n
hanneton hanneton commun
A cockchafer of species Melolontha melolontha.

common cold common colds n
rhume
(pathology) A very common, mild viral infection of the nose and throat, whose symptoms include sneezing, sniffling, a running or blocked nose, a sore throat, coughing and a headache.

common columbine common columbines n
ancolie commune
Aquilegia vulgaris, native to most of Europe, excepting Scandinavia.

common crane common cranes n
grue cendrée
Grus grus, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

common currency common currencies n
monnaie commune monnaie unique
(literally) A currency that is common to several countries.
monnaie courante
(figuratively) Common practice; a widespread idea, a commonplace habit.

common dandelion common dandelions n
pissenlit commun
The most common and well-known species of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)

common death adder common death adders n
vipère de la mort

common decency common decencies n
décence commune décence ordinaire
A basic level of politeness and courtesy that is expected of all people.

common denominator common denominators n
dénominateur commun
(mathematics) Any integer that is a common multiple of the denominators of two or more fractions.

common eland common elands n
antilope canna
an antelope, Taurotragus oryx, of the African savannah

common fraction common fractions n
fraction d'entiers
(arithmetic) A fraction in the form of one integer divided by another, non-zero, integer.

common gender common genders n
genre commun
(linguistics) A grammatical gender in some languages, formed by the historical merging of masculine and feminine genders.

common good common goods n
bien commun
The general interest of the population as a whole.
(economics) A good that is rivalrous and nonexcludable.

common grackle common grackles n
quiscale bronzé
Quiscalus quiscula

common green lacewing common green lacewings n
chrysope verte demoiselle aux yeux d'or
a particular species of green insect in the order Neuroptera, Chrysoperla carnea

common greenshank common greenshanks n
chevalier aboyeur
A small wader, Tringa nebularia.

common ground n
terrain d’entente
(idiomatic) A characteristic or interest shared by multiple people or systems; any belief, etc. held in common.

common ground dove common ground doves n
colombe à queue noire
Columbina passerina, a small bird that inhabits the southern United States, parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America.

common gull /ˈkɑːmən ˌɡʌl/ /ˈkɒmən ˌɡʌl/ common gulls n
goéland cendré
A medium-sized gull, Larus canus.

common hepatica common hepaticas n
anémone hépatique
The flowering plant species Hepatica nobilis

common house martin common house martins n
hirondelle de fenêtre
A migratory bird of the species Delichon urbicum, breeding in Europe, North Africa and temperate Asia.

common kestrel common kestrels n
faucon crécerelle
A small falcon, Falco tinnunculus.

common kingfisher common kingfishers n
martin-pêcheur d'Europe
Alcedo atthis, a Eurasian and North African species of kingfisher.

common knowledge n
de notoriété publique
That which is known by most people, and thus cannot reasonably be contested.
connaissance commune de notoriété publique
(logic, game theory) A special kind of knowledge for a group of agents, such that when all the agents in a group G know p, they all know that they know p, they all know that they all know that they know p, and so on ad infinitum.

common lavender common lavenders n
lavande officinale lavande vraie
A lavender plant of the species Lavandula angustifolia.

common law n
common law
(legal, historical) Body of law and procedure administered in certain courts (known as law courts) in England and its former colonies characterized by a rigid system of writs, with a limited set of remedies (as opposed to equity or admiralty).
droit commun
(legal, Scots law, Roman-Dutch law) Law of general application throughout a country, province, or state as opposed to law having only a special or local application

common linnet common linnets n
linotte
A common small bird (Linaria cannabina), of Europe, western Asia and north Africa.

common man common men n
citoyen lambda l'homme de la rue monsieur Tout-le-monde
The average citizen, as contrasted with the social, political or cultural elite.

common minnow common minnows n
vairon
A species of minnow widespread in the fresh waters of northern Eurasia, Phoxinus phoxinus.

common murre common murres n
guillemot marmette
A large auk, Uria aalge.

common name common names n
nom vernaculaire
(taxonomy) The name by which an organism or group of organisms is known to the general public, rather than its taxonomic or scientific name.

common noun common nouns n
nom commun nom appellatif
A noun that denotes any member, or all members, of a class; an ordinary noun such as "dog" or "city". In contrast, a proper noun is a single named entity such as "Socrates".

common pochard common pochards n
fuligule milouin
A diving duck of temperate and cool Eurasia (Aythya ferina)

common purse common purses n
pot commun
(idiom) A shared or community fund.

common purslane common purslanes n
pourpier
Portulaca oleracea, an annual succulent.

common quail common quails n
caille
Coturnix coturnix, a bird in pheasant family.

common raven common ravens n
grand corbeau
A large all-black passerine bird in the crow family, Corvus corax.

common redpoll common redpolls n
sizerin cabaret sizerin flammé
A bird of the species Acanthis flammea

common redshank common redshanks n
chevalier gambette
A small wader, Tringa totanus.

common rock thrush common rock thrushes n
monticole
Monticola saxatilis, a chat belonging to the family Muscicapidae.

common rosefinch common rosefinches n
roselin cramoisi
Carpodacus erythrinus, a small passerine bird.

common rue n
herbe de grâce herbe de la rue herbe à la belle fille rue des jardiniers rue des jardins rue fétide
Ruta graveolens

common sandpiper common sandpipers n
chevalier guignette
A small species of wading bird, Actitis hypoleucos, widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.

common scoter common scoters n
macreuse noire
Melanitta nigra, an arctic sea bird in the family Anatidae

common sense n
bon sens sens commun
Ordinary sensible understanding; one's basic intelligence which allows for plain understanding and without which good decisions or judgments cannot be made.

common shrew common shrews n
musaraigne carrelet musaraigne commune
A shrew, Sorex araneus, one of the most common mammals.

common snipe common snipe common snipes n
bécassine des marais
A bird of the species Gallinago gallinago.

common sorrel n
oseille commune
Rumex acetosa, a taxonomic species within the family Polygonaceae, garden sorrel, native in much of Europe.

common starling common starlings n
étourneau commun étourneau sansonnet
A bird of the species Sturnus vulgaris.

common swift common swifts n
martinet noir
Apus apus, a swallow-like bird native to Europe and much of temperate Asia, rarely alighting on the ground.

common tern common terns n
sterne pierregarin
A small, gull-like shore bird of the species Sterna hirundo, of wide geographic distribution.

common thread common threads n
fil rouge fil conducteur fil d'Ariane
A recurring characteristic or theme present in different events or areas.

common whitefish common whitefish n
corégone lavaret
A freshwater fish of salmon family, Coregonus lavaretus.

common whitethroat common whitethroats n
fauvette grisette
Sylvia communis, an Old World warbler, now sometimes Mezophilus communis or Curruca communis.

common yarrow n
achillée millefeuille saigne-nez
Achillea millefolium, a flowering plant widespread in the temperate Northern Hemisphere, formerly and sometimes used to stanch the flow of blood.

common-law marriage common-law marriages n
mariage de droit commun
A marriage based on the duration of cohabitation rather than formal ceremony.

commonality /kɒməˈnalɪti/ commonalities n
communité
Such a shared attribute or characteristic

commoner /ˈkɑ.mə.nɚ/ /ˈkɒm.ə.nə(ɹ)/ commoners n
homme du peuple plébéien roturier
A member of the common people who holds no title or rank.

commonly /ˈkɑmənli/ /ˈkɒmənli/ more commonly most commonly adv
fréquemment
As a rule; frequently; usually.

commonplace /ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs/ /ˈkɒmənˌpleɪs/ more commonplace most commonplace adj
banal ordinaire
Ordinary; not having any remarkable characteristics.

commonplace /ˈkɑmənˌpleɪs/ /ˈkɒmənˌpleɪs/ commonplaces n
lieu commun
A platitude or cliché.

commons /ˈkɑmənz/ /ˈkɒmənz/ n
communs

commonwealth /ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwelθ/ /ˈkɒmənˌwɛlθ/ /ˈkɔmənˌwɛlθ/ commonwealths n
communauté richesse commune
(obsolete) The well-being of a community.
The entirety of a (secular) society, a polity, a state.

communal /kəˈmju.nəl/ /kəˈmjuː.nəl/ /kəˈmjʉː.nəl/ /ˈkɒm.jə.nəl/ /ˈkɔm.jə.nəl/ more communal most communal adj
communautaire
Pertaining to a community.
commun
shared by a community; public.

commune /ˈkɑmjuːn/ /ˈkɒmjuːn/ communes n
commune
A local political division in many European countries.

communicability communicabilities n
communicabilité
The quality of being communicable.

communicable more communicable most communicable adj
communicable communiquable
(epidemiology, of a disease) Able to be transmitted between people or animals.

communicant /kəˈmjuːnɪkənt/ communicants n
communiant communiante
(Christianity) A person who receives (or is allowed to receive) the elements (i.e., bread and wine) of the sacrament of Holy Communion. (Compare also these terms: communion, Communion, Lord's Supper, Mass, Eucharist, Divine Liturgy.)

communicate /kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ v
communiquer communier
(transitive) To impart or transmit (information or knowledge) to someone; to make known, to tell. [from 16th c.]
communier
(intransitive, Christianity) To receive the bread and wine at a celebration of the Eucharist; to take part in Holy Communion. [from 16th c.]
communier communiquer
(transitive, obsolete) To share (in); to have in common, to partake of. [16th–19th c.]
communiquer
(intransitive) To express or convey ideas, either through verbal or nonverbal means; to have intercourse, to exchange information. [from 16th c.]

communicating vessel communicating vessels n
vase communicant
(physics, used mostly in plural) One vessel in a system of containers filled with a homogeneous fluid, connected at the base and subjected to the same atmospheric pressure.

communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ communications n
communication
The act or fact of communicating anything; transmission.
(uncountable) The concept or state of exchanging data or information between entities.
The body of all data transferred to one or both parties during an act of communication.
A passageway or opening between two locations; connection.
(anatomy) A connection between two tissues, organs, or cavities.
communication message
A message; the essential data transferred in an act of communication.
(rhetoric) A trope by which a speaker assumes that his hearer is a partner in his sentiments, and says "we" instead of "I" or "you".

communicational adj
communicationnel
Relating to communications

communicator communicators n
communicateur communicatrice
Someone who, or something that communicates.

communion /kəˈmjuːnjən/ communions n
communion
A joining together of minds or spirits; a mental connection.

communion wafer communion wafers n
hostie oublie
(Christianity) The sacramental bread used in the Eucharist; the host.

communiqué /kəˌmjuːn.ɪˈkeɪ/ communiqués n
communiqué
An official report or statement, such as a government press release or the report of a conference.

communism [ˈkɑ.mju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɒm.ju.nɪ.zm̩] [ˈkɔm.jə.nɪ.zm̩] communisms n
communisme
Any far-left political ideology or philosophy advocating holding the production of resources collectively, especially by seizing it through revolution.
The international socialist society where classes, money, and the state no longer exist.

communist /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ more communist most communist adj
communiste
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating communism.

communist /ˈkɑ.mju.nɪst/ /ˈkɑ.mjə.nɪst/ /ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/ communists n
communiste
An advocate of a society based on the common ownership of property; a proponent of communism.

communitarianism communitarianisms n
communautarisme
(ethics) The group of doctrines that oppose excessive individualism in favour of a more community-based approach [from 1980s]

community /k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ti/ /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/ [k(ə)ˈmju.nə.ɾi] communities n
communauté
(countable) A group sharing common characteristics, such as the same language, law, religion, or tradition.
(countable) A residential or religious collective; a commune.
(countable, ecology) A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other.
(uncountable) The condition of having certain attitudes and interests in common.

community policeman community policemen n
agent de quartier îlotier

community service community services n
travail d'intérêt général travaux communautaires
(legal) Such work done as alternative for a criminal penalty.

community spirit n
esprit communautaire
Willingness to do deeds which benefit the community at large, such as community service.

communize v
communiser
To impose Communist ideals upon.

commutative adj
abélien abélienne commutatif commutative

commutativity commutativities n
commutativité
(mathematics, physics) The state of being commutative.

commute /kəˈmjuːt/ v
faire la navette
(intransitive, US, UK, Canada) To regularly travel from one's home to one's workplace or school, or vice versa.
commuter
(intransitive, mathematics) Of an operation, to be commutative, i.e. to have the property that changing the order of the operands does not change the result.

commuter /kəˈmjuːtɚ/ commuters n
navetteur pendulaire
(US, UK, Canada) To and from work and home.

commuter rail n
train de banlieue
(rail transport) A rail transport system with trains used to transport commuters between two places, typically their homes and works, normally within a metropolitan area and its surrounding environs, and generally distinguished from other rail transport systems (i.e. subways, metros, tramways) by having less frequent service, lacking free transfers between trains and using heavy rolling stock running on a mainline railway

comorbidity /ˌkəʊmɔː(ɹ)ˈbɪdɪti/ comorbidities n
comorbidité
(medicine, uncountable) The presence of one or more disorders (or diseases) in addition to a primary disease or disorder.

comp /kɒmp/ comps n
compil' compile ordi
(design) , a graphic design showing final proposed layout of text and images.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacter compactest more compact most compact adj
compact
Closely packed, i.e. packing much in a small space.
Having all necessary features fitting neatly into a small space.
(topology, uncomparable, of a set in a topological space) Such that every open cover of the given set has a finite subcover. In a Euclidean space this is equivalent to a Closed and bounded set.

compact /kəmˈpækt/ /ˈkɑmˌpækt/ /ˈkɒmˌpækt/ compacts n
poudrier
A small, slim folding case, often featuring a mirror, powder and a powderpuff; that fits into a woman's purse or handbag, or that slips into one's pocket.

compact disc compact discs n
disque compact CD
A kind of plastic optical disc used to store audio or digital data, read by a laser in a drive.

compact fluorescent lamp compact fluorescent lamps n
lampe fluo-compacte lampe fluorescente
A type of fluorescent lamp (that may or may not contain mercury).

compactness compactnesses n
compacité
The state of being compact.

compactor /kɑmˈpæktɚ/ /kɒmˈpæktə/ compactors n
compacteur
A machine that reduces the bulk of waste or other material by compaction.

companion /kəmˈpænjən/ companions n
compagnon compagne
A friend, acquaintance, or partner; someone with whom one spends time or accompanies

companion animal companion animals n
animal de compagnie
A pet.

companionship /kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/ companionships n
camaraderie
The state of having or being a companion.

company /ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/ /ˈkʌmpəni/ companies n
compagnie entreprise
A group of individuals who work together for a common purpose.
(military) A unit of approximately sixty to one hundred and twenty soldiers, typically consisting of two or three platoons and forming part of a battalion.
(uncountable) Companionship.
compagnie entreprise société firme
(legal) An entity having legal personality, and thus able to own property and to sue and be sued in its own name; a corporation.
compagnie
(uncountable) Social visitors or companions.

company car company cars n
voiture de fonction voiture de société
A car, provided by an employer, that an employee may use on company business and personal use.

comparability /kəmˌpæɹəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌkɒmp(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ comparabilities n
comparabilité
The quality of being comparable.

comparable /kəmˈpæɹəbl̩/ /kəmˈpɛɹəbl̩/ /ˈkɑmp(ə)ɹəbl̩/ /ˈkɒmp(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more comparable most comparable adj
comparable
(often with to) Able to be compared (to).

comparatist comparatists n
comparatiste
A person who carries out a comparative study, especially of language and literary works.

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more comparative most comparative adj
comparatif
Of or relating to comparison.
Using comparison as a method of study, or founded on something using it.
Approximated by comparison; relative.

comparative /kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪv/ /kəmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ comparatives n
comparatif
(grammar) A construction showing a relative quality, in English usually formed by adding more or appending -er. For example, the comparative of green is greener; of evil, more evil.
(grammar) A word in the comparative form.

comparative advantage comparative advantages n
avantage comparatif
(economics) The ability to produce a particular good at a lower relative opportunity cost than another producer.

comparative anatomy n
anatomie comparée
the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of organisms

comparative linguist comparative linguists n
linguiste comparatif
linguist whose field is comparative linguistics.

comparative linguistics n
linguistique comparée
(linguistics) A branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages in order to establish their historical relatedness.

comparative literature comparative literatures n
littérature comparée
The academic field dealing with the study of literature and cultural expression across linguistic, cultural and national boundaries.

comparative method n
méthode comparative
(linguistics) A technique for studying the development of languages by performing a feature-by-feature comparison of two or more languages with a common ancestor.

comparator comparators n
comparateur
Any device for comparing a physical property of two objects, or an object with a standard.
(computing) An application or program that compares prices, rates, tariffs of flights, smartphones, cars, etc.

compare /kəmˈpɛə/ /kəmˈpɛɚ/ [kəmˈpeə] [kəmˈpeɚ] [kəmˈpeɹ] [kəmˈpɛə] [kəmˈpɛɚ] [kəmˈpɛɹ] [kəmˈpɛː] v
comparer
(transitive) To assess the similarities and differences between two or more things ["to compare X with Y"]. Having made the comparison of X with Y, one might have found it similar to Y or different from Y.

comparison /kəmˈpæɹɪsən/ /kəmˈpɛɹɪsən/ comparisons n
comparaison
The act of comparing or the state or process of being compared.
An evaluation of the similarities and differences of one or more things relative to some other or each other.
degrés de comparaison comparaison
(grammar) A feature in the morphology or syntax of some languages whereby adjectives and adverbs are inflected to indicate the relative degree of the property they define exhibited by the word or phrase they modify or describe.

compartment /kəmˈpɑɹtmənt/ /kəmˈpɑːtmənt/ compartments n
compartiment
A room, or section, or chamber
One of the parts into which an area is subdivided.
terrasse
(heraldry) A mound (often of grass), shelf (of e.g. wall) or other thing beneath the shield in a coat of arms on which the supporters stand.

compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ compasses n
boussole compas
A magnetic or electronic device used to determine the cardinal directions (usually magnetic or true north).
ambitus
(music) The range of notes of a musical instrument or voice.
étendue portée
(obsolete) A space within limits; an area.

compass point compass points n
point cardinal
Any of the horizontal directions indicated on a compass. There may be 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or even 128 compass points on a compass, depending on its size and accuracy.

compass rose compass roses n
rose des vents
(navigation) A graduated circle, usually marked in degrees, indicating directions and printed or inscribed on an appropriate medium.

compassion /kəmˈpæʃ.ən/ compassions n
compassion
Deep awareness of the suffering of another, coupled with the wish to relieve it.

compassionate /kəmˈpæʃəneɪt/ /kəmˈpæʃənət/ more compassionate most compassionate adj
compatissant
Having, feeling or showing compassion (to or toward someone).

compatibility /kəmˌpæt.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /kəmˌpæt.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [kəmˌpæɾ.əˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] compatibilities n
compatibilité
(telecommunication) the capability of two or more items or components of equipment or material to exist or function in the same system or environment without mutual interference.

compatible /kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/ [km̩ˈpæt.ə.bl̩] more compatible most compatible adj
compatible
Capable of easy interaction.
Able to get along well.

compatriot /kəmˈpeɪtɹi.ət/ /kəmˈpætɹi.ət/ compatriots n
compatriote
Somebody from one's own country.

compel /kəmˈpɛl/ v
forcer contraindre
(transitive) To force, constrain or coerce.
obliger
(transitive) To exact, extort, (make) produce by force.

compendium compendia compendiums n
compendium recueil
A short, complete summary; an abstract.

compensable more compensable most compensable adj
compensable
Able to be compensated; entitling one to compensation.

compensate /ˈkɑm.pənˌseɪt/ /ˈkɒm.pən.seɪt/ /ˈkɒm.pɛn.seɪt/ /ˈkɔm.penˌsæɪt/ v
compenser
(ambitransitive) To make up for; to do something in place of something else; to correct, satisfy; to reach an agreement such that the scales are literally or (metaphorically) balanced; to equalize or make even.

compensation /ˌkɑm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒm.pɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔm.penˈsæɪ.ʃən/ compensations n
compensation
The act or principle of compensating.
Something which is regarded as an equivalent; something which compensates for loss.
(finance) The extinction of debts of which two persons are reciprocally debtors by the credits of which they are reciprocally creditors; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.
indemnisation dédommagement émolument
A recompense or reward for service.
compensation contrepartie
(real estate) An equivalent stipulated for in contracts for the sale of real estate, in which it is customary to provide that errors in description, etc., shall not avoid, but shall be the subject of compensation.

compensatory lengthening /kɒmpɛnˈseɪtəɹi ˈlɛŋ(k)θ(ə)nɪŋ/ /kɒmˈpɛnsətəɹi-/ /kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔɹi ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/ compensatory lengthenings n
allongement compensatoire
(phonology, uncountable) The lengthening of a vowel sound which occurs when a following consonant is lost, regarded as an extreme form of fusion; (countable) an instance of this.

compersion /kəmˈpɜːʒən/ /kəmˈpɝʒən/ n
compersion
Vicarious joy associated with seeing one's partner have a joyful romantic or sexual relation with another.

compete /kəm.ˈpiːt/ v
rivaliser concourir
To be in battle or in a rivalry with another for the same thing, position, or reward; to contend
To take part in a contest, game or similar event

competence /ˈkɒmpətəns/ competences n
compétence
(countable) The quality or state of being able or suitable for a particular task; the quality or state of being competent for a particular task or skill.

competency /ˈkɑm.pə.tən.si/ /ˈkɒm.pə.tən.si/ competencies n
compétence
(linguistics) Implicit knowledge of a language’s structure.

competent /ˈkɒmpətənt/ more competent most competent adj
compétent
Having sufficient skill, knowledge, ability, or qualifications.
(legal) Having jurisdiction or authority over a particular issue or question.

competition /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/ /ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃən/ competitions n
concurrence compétition
(uncountable) The action of competing.
compétition concours
(countable) A contest for a prize or award.

competitive /kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv/ more competitive most competitive adj
compétitif
(biochemistry) Inhibiting the action of an enzyme by binding with it.

competitive advantage competitive advantages n
avantage compétitif avantage concurrentiel
(economics, business) An attribute that allows a company or a person to outperform competitors.

competitiveness /kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnəs/ n
compétitivité
The state of being competitive.

competitor /kəm.ˈpɛt.ɪ.təɹ/ competitors n
concurrent concurrente compétiteur compétitrice
A person or organization against whom one is competing.

compilate /ˈkʌmpaɪleɪt/ v
compiler
(rare) To put together; to assemble; to make by gathering things from various sources.
(rare, computing) To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code.

compilation /kɑmpɪˈleɪʃən/ /kɒmpɪˈleɪʃən/ compilations n
compilation
(uncountable) The act or process of compiling or gathering together from various sources.
(countable) That which is compiled; especially, a book or document composed of materials gathering from other books or documents.
(countable, uncountable, computing) Translation of source code into object code by a compiler.

compile /kəmˈpaɪl/ /kəmˈpɑɪl/ v
compiler
(transitive, snooker) To achieve (a break) by making a sequence of shots.
(transitive, programming) To use a compiler to process source code and produce executable code.

compiler /kəmˈpaɪlə/ /kəmˈpaɪlɚ/ compilers n
compilateur compilatrice
One who compiles.
(compilation) A computer program which transforms source code into object code.

complacency /kəmˈpleɪsənˌsiː/ complacencies n
suffisance
A feeling of contented self-satisfaction, especially when unaware of upcoming trouble.
complaisance
An instance of self-satisfaction.

complacent /kəmˈpleɪsənt/ more complacent most complacent adj
suffisant
Uncritically satisfied with oneself or one's achievements; smug.

complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v
se plaindre
(intransitive) To express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.
porter plainte
(intransitive) To make a formal accusation or bring a formal charge.

complainant /kəmˈpleɪnənt/ complainants n
plaignant
(legal) The party that brings a civil lawsuit against another; the plaintiff.

complaint /kəmˈpleɪnt/ complaints n
plainte réclamation
(legal) In a civil action, the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim is based;The purpose is to give notice to the adversary of the nature and basis of the claim asserted.
porter plainte
(legal) In criminal law, the preliminary charge or accusation made by one person against another to the appropriate court or officer, usually a magistrate.However, court proceedings, such as a trial, cannot be instituted until an indictment or information has been handed down against the defendant.

complaisant /kəmˈpleɪsənt/ /kəmˈpleɪzənt/ more complaisant most complaisant adj
complaisant
Willing to do what pleases others; obliging; agreeable.

complement /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmpləmənt/ complements n
complète
Something which completes, something which combines with something else to make up a complete whole; loosely, something perceived to be a harmonious or desirable partner or addition. [from 19th c.]

complement /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmpləmənt/ v
compléter complémenter
To complete, to bring to perfection, to make whole.
complémenter
To provide what the partner lacks and lack what the partner provides, thus forming part of a whole.

complementarity /ˌkɒmpləmɛnˈtæɹɪti/ /ˌkɒmpləmɛnˈtɛəɹɪti/ complementarities n
complémentarité
The state or characteristic of being complementary.

complementary /ˌkɑmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more complementary most complementary adj
complémentaire
Acting as a complement; making up a whole with something else.

complementary angles n
angle complémentaire
(geometry) A pair of angles that sum to a right angle.

complementary distribution complementary distributions n
distribution complémentaire
(phonetics) The distribution of phones in their respective phonetic environments such that one never appears in the same phonetic context as the other.

complemented class complemented classes n
classe complémentée

complementizer complementizers n
complémenteur
(linguistics) A subordinating conjunction that can convert a clause into a complement clause, i.e. one that completes a grammatical construction in the predicate and that describes or is identified with the subject or object.

complete /kɒmˈpliːt/ /kəmˈpliːt/ completer completest more complete most complete adj
complet complète
With all parts included; with nothing missing; full.
complète
(analysis, of a metric space) In which every Cauchy sequence converges to a point within the space.

complete /kɒmˈpliːt/ /kəmˈpliːt/ v
terminer achever accomplir
(ambitransitive) To finish; to make done; to reach the end.
compléter
(transitive) To make whole or entire.

completed /kəmˈpliːtɪd/ more completed most completed adj
accompli terminé
Finished.

completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ more completely most completely adv
complètement
(manner) In a complete manner
(degree) To the fullest extent or degree; totally.

completeness completenesses n
complétude
The state or condition of being complete.

completion /kəmˈpliːʃən/ completions n
achèvement
The act or state of being or making something complete; conclusion, accomplishment.
exécution
(legal) The conclusion of an act of conveyancing concerning the sale of a property.

completist /kəmˈpliːtɪst/ completists n
complétiste
A collector who strives to obtain a complete collection of some type of thing, especially a fan who aims to own or consume the complete output of a particular author, publisher, musician or band.

complex /kɑmˈplɛks/ /kəmˈplɛks/ /ˈkɑmplɛks/ /ˈkɒm.plɛks/ complexer complexest more complex most complex adj
complexe
Not simple, easy, or straightforward; complicated.
(mathematics, of a number) Having the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i is (by definition) the imaginary square root of −1.
(mathematics, analysis, of a function) Whose range is a subset of the complex numbers.
(mathematics, algebra) Whose coefficients are complex numbers; defined over the field of complex numbers.

complex /kɑmˈplɛks/ /kəmˈplɛks/ /ˈkɑmplɛks/ /ˈkɒm.plɛks/ complexes n
complexe
A collection of buildings with a common purpose, such as a university or military base.
An assemblage of related things; a collection.
(informal, by extension) A vehement, often excessive psychological dislike or fear of a particular thing.
(chemistry) A structure consisting of a central atom or molecule weakly connected to surrounding atoms or molecules, as for example coordination complexes in inorganic chemistry and protein complexes in biochemistry.

complex analysis n
analyse complexe
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that studies holomorphic functions.

complex number complex numbers n
nombre complexe
(complex analysis) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and i denotes the imaginary unit

complex plane complex planes n
plan complexe

complex sentence complex sentences n
phrase complexe
(grammar) A sentence that contains an independent clause as well as one or more dependent clauses, such as a relative clause, an adverbial clause, or a noun clause.

complexify v
complexifier
To make something more complex; to complicate.

complexion /kəmˈplɛkʃən/ complexions n
teint complexion
The quality, colour, or appearance of the skin on the face.

complexity /kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/ complexities n
complexité
(uncountable) The state of being complex; intricacy; entanglement.
(countable) That which is and renders complex; intricacy; complication.

compliance /kəmˈplaɪəns/ compliances n
acquiescement conformité
An act of complying.
conformité
(uncountable) The state of being compliant.
conformisme
(uncountable) The tendency of conforming with or agreeing to the wishes of others.
observance
(medicine) The accuracy with which a patient follows an agreed treatment plan

compliant /kəmˈplaɪənt/ /kəmˈplʌɪənt/ more compliant most compliant adj
obéissant accommodant docile
Willing to comply; submissive; willing to do what someone wants.
conforme
Compatible with or following guidelines, specifications, rules, or laws.

complicate /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪt/ /ˈkɒmplɪkət/ v
compliquer
(transitive) To make complex; to modify so as to make something intricate or difficult.

complicated /ˈkɑmplɪkeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ more complicated most complicated adj
compliqué alambiqué
Difficult or convoluted.

complication complications n
complication
The state of being complicated; intricate or confused relation of parts; complexity.
(medicine) A disease or diseases, or adventitious circumstances or conditions, coexistent with and modifying a primary disease, but not necessarily connected with it.

complicit /kəmˈplɪs.ɪt/ more complicit most complicit adj
complice
Associated with or participating in an activity, especially one of a questionable nature.

complicity complicities n
complicité
The state of being complicit; involvement as a partner or accomplice, especially in a crime or other wrongdoing.

compliment /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/ compliments n
compliment
An expression of praise, congratulation, or respect.

compliment /ˈkɑmpləmənt/ /ˈkɒmplɪmənt/ v
complimenter faire des compliments faire un compliment
(ambitransitive) To pay a compliment (to someone); to express a favourable opinion (of someone).

complimentary /ˌkɑmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more complimentary most complimentary adj
gratuit
flatteur laudatif
In the nature of a compliment.

compliments of the house phraseologicalUnit
[[c']]est la maison qui offre

compline /ˈkɑmplɪn/ /ˈkɒmplɪn/ complines n
complies
(Christianity) The last of the canonical hours, sung just before retiring to bed.

comply /kəmˈplaɪ/ v
respecter acquiescer se conformer
To yield assent; to accord; to acquiesce, agree, consent; to adapt oneself, to conform.

component /kəmˈpoʊnənt/ /kəmˈpəʊnənt/ components n
composant
A smaller, self-contained part of a larger entity. Often refers to a manufactured object that is part of a larger device.

comport /kəmˈpɔː(ɹ)t/ v
s'accorder avec se conformer à se mettre d'accord tomber d'accord être en agrément avec
(intransitive) To be in agreement (with); to be of an accord. [from 16th c.]
se comporter se conduire se tenir
(reflexive) To behave (in a given manner). [from 17th c.]

comportment /kəmˈpɔɹt.mənt/ comportments n
comportement

compose /kəmˈpoʊz/ /kəmˈpəʊz/ v
composer
(transitive) To make something by merging parts. [from later 15th c.]
(transitive) To make up the whole; to constitute.
(transitive, or, intransitive) To construct by mental labor; to think up; particularly, to produce or create a literary or musical work.

composed /kəmˈpoʊzd/ /kəmˈpəʊzd/ more composed most composed adj
calme posé
Showing composure.

composer /kəmˈpoʊzəɹ/ /kəmˈpəʊzə/ composers n
compositeur compositrice compositeur de musique compositrice de musique
Especially, one who composes music.

composing stick composing sticks n
composteur
A device used in printing with movable type to hold the type as it is being selected.

composite /kəmˈpɑzɪt/ /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ more composite most composite adj
combiné composé

composite /kəmˈpɑzɪt/ /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ composites n
composite

composite /kəmˈpɑzɪt/ /ˈkɒmpəzɪt/ v
composer
To make a composite.

composite bow composite bows n
arc composite
(archery) a bow made from horn, wood, and sinew laminated together.

composite key composite keys n
clé composite

composite particle composite particles n
particule composite
(nuclear physics) A subatomic particle that is not an elementary particle, i.e. a hadron or an atomic nucleus.

composition /ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ compositions n
composition
A mixture or compound; the result of composing. [from 16th c.]
The proportion of different parts to make a whole. [from 14th c.]
The general makeup of a thing or person. [from 14th c.]
(object-oriented programming) Way to combine simple objects or data types into more complex ones.
composition œuvre
A work of music, literature or art. [from 17th c.]

composition algebra composition algebras n
algèbre de composition
(algebra) A non-associative (not necessarily associative) algebra, A, over some field, together with a nondegenerate quadratic form, N, such that N(xy) = N(x)N(y) for all x, y ∈ A.

compost /ˈkɑmpoʊst/ /ˈkɒmpɒst/ composts n
compost
The decayed remains of organic matter that has rotted into a natural fertilizer.

compost /ˈkɑmpoʊst/ /ˈkɒmpɒst/ v
composter
To produce compost, let organic matter decay into fertilizer.

composure /kəmˈpoʊʒɚ/ /kəmˈpəʊʒə/ composures n
contenance calme quiétude
Calmness of mind or temperament

compote /ˈkɑmpoʊt/ /ˈkɒmpɒt/ /ˈkɒmpəʊt/ compotes n
compote
A dessert made of fruit cooked in sugary syrup.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ adj
composé
Composed of elements; not simple.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ compounds n
composé
Anything made by combining several things.
composé combinaison
(chemistry) A substance formed by chemical bonding of two or more elements in definite proportions by weight.

compound /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ compounds n
complexe
An enclosure within which workers, prisoners, or soldiers are confined.
A group of buildings situated close together, e.g. for a school or block of offices.

compound /kəmˈpaʊnd/ /ˈkɑmpaʊnd/ /ˈkɒmpaʊnd/ v
composer
(intransitive) To come to terms of agreement; to settle by a compromise.

compound bow compound bows n
arc à poulies

compound butter compound butters n
beurre composé
Any mixture of butter and supplementary ingredients (such as lemon or garlic), typically used in cooking.

compound interest compound interests n
intérêts composés
(banking, finance) Interest, as on a loan or a bank account, that is calculated on the total on the principal plus accumulated unpaid interest.

compound interval compound intervals n
intervalle composé

compound key compound keys n
clé composée

compound sentence compound sentences n
phrase complexe
(grammar) a sentence that has two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction (such as 'but', 'and') and/or punctuation (such as ',').

compound word compound words n
mot composé
(linguistics) A word composed of two or more stems.

comprachico comprachicos n
comprachico

comprador bourgeoisie /ˈkɒmpɹədɔː(ɹ) ˌbʊə(ɹ)ʒwɑːˈziː/ comprador bourgeoisies n
comprador
(Marxism) A section of an indigenous middle class allied with foreign investors, multinational corporations, bankers, and military interests.

comprehend /kɑmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ /kɒmpɹɪˈhɛnd/ v
comprendre
(now, _, rare) To include, comprise; to contain. [from 14th c.]
To understand or grasp fully and thoroughly. [from 14th c.]

comprehensibility comprehensibilities n
compréhensibilité
The characteristic of being comprehensible; clarity.

comprehensible /kɒmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/ more comprehensible most comprehensible adj
compréhensible
Able to be comprehended.

comprehension /ˌkɑmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ /ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/ /ˌkɔmpɹɪˈhenʃn̩/ comprehensions n
compréhension entendement
Thorough understanding.

comprehensive /ˌkɑːm.pɹəˈhɛn.sɪv/ /ˌkɒm.pɹɪˈhɛn.sɪv/ more comprehensive most comprehensive adj
complet exhaustif
Broadly or completely covering; including a large proportion of something.

comprehensive school comprehensive schools n
école moyenne
(British) a normal secondary school, accepting pupils of all abilities; replaced the secondary modern schools and grammar schools

compress /ˈkɑmpɹɛs/ /ˈkɒmpɹɛs/ compresses n
compresse
(medicine) A multiply folded piece of cloth, a pouch of ice, etc., used to apply to a patient's skin, cover the dressing of wounds, and placed with the aid of a bandage to apply pressure on an injury.

compress /kəmˈpɹɛs/ v
condenser
comprimer
(transitive) To make smaller; to press or squeeze together, or to make something occupy a smaller space or volume.
compresser comprimer
(intransitive) To be pressed together or folded by compression into a more economic, easier format.
(technology, transitive) To make digital information smaller by encoding it using fewer bits.

compressed air n
air comprimé
Air which has been reduced in volume and increased in pressure for use in industrial processes or for cleaning.

compressibility compressibilities n
compressibilité

compression /kɒm.pɹɛʃ.ən/ compressions n
concision réduction
compression
An increase in density; the act of compressing, or the state of being compressed; compaction.
(automotive) The cycle of an internal combustion engine during which the fuel and air mixture is compressed.
(computing) The process by which data is compressed.
(music) The electronic process by which any sound's gain is automatically controlled.

compressor compressors n
compresseur
A device that produces pressure, such as a gas compressor that produces pressurized gas.
(audio, sound engineering) A device that reduces the dynamic range of an audio signal.

comprise /kəmˈpɹaɪz/ v
comprendre contenir
(transitive) To be made up of; to consist of (especially a comprehensive list of parts). [from the earlier 15th c.]
être composé de
(sometimes, proscribed, usually in the passive) To compose; to constitute. [from the late 18th c.]
comprendre
(patent law) To include, contain, or be made up of, defining the minimum elements, whether essential or inessential to define an invention.

compromise /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑɪz/ compromises n
compromis concession
The settlement of differences by arbitration or by consent reached by mutual concessions.

compromise /ˈkɑmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/ /ˈkɔmpɹəˌmɑɪz/ v
compromettre
(transitive) To breach (a security system).

compromissorial more compromissorial most compromissorial adj
compromissoire
Relating to compromise.

comprovincial adj
comprovincial
Being part of the same province.

comprovincial comprovincials n
comprovincial
One who comes from the same province.

compulsorily more compulsorily most compulsorily adv
compulsivement
In a compulsory manner.

compulsory /kəmˈpʌlsəri/ more compulsory most compulsory adj
obligatoire
Required; obligatory; mandatory.

compulsory acquisition n
expropriation expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique
(legal, Australia, New Zealand) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

compulsory education n
enseignement obligatoire obligation scolaire
(legal, education) A period of time in a child's life during which the child must receive schooling as required by law.

compulsory purchase n
expropriation expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique
(legal, UK, Ireland) The power of a state to expropriate private land within its jurisdiction for public use.

compunction /kəmˈpʌŋk.ʃən/ compunctions n
componction remords scrupule
A pricking of conscience or a feeling of regret, especially one which is slight or fleeting.

computability computabilities n
calculabilité
(computing theory) The property of being computable by purely mechanical means.

computation /ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃən/ computations n
calcul
The act or process of computing; calculation; reckoning.
résultat
The result of computation; the amount computed.

computational more computational most computational adj
computationnel informatique
Of or relating to computation.

computational linguistics n
linguistique informatique
(linguistics, computer science) An interdisciplinary field dealing with the statistical and/or rule-based modeling of natural language from a computational perspective. This modeling is not limited to any particular field of linguistics.

computational number theory pn
théorie algorithmique des nombres théorie calculatoire des nombres
(mathematics, number theory) The field of study dealing with computational methods for investigating and solving problems in number theory and arithmetic geometry.

computative more computative most computative adj
computatif

compute /kəmˈpjuːt/ v
calculer computer
(transitive) To reckon, calculate.

computer /kəmˈpjutəɹ/ /kəmˈpjuːtə/ [kəmˈpʰjuɾəɹ] computers n
ordinateur
A programmable electronic device that performs mathematical calculations and logical operations, especially one that can process, store and retrieve large amounts of data very quickly; now especially, a small one for personal or home use employed for manipulating text or graphics, accessing the Internet, or playing games or media. [from 20th c.]

computer architecture computer architectures n
architecture des ordinateurs
(computer hardware) The conceptual structure around which a given computer is designed.
(computer hardware) The science of computer design.

computer engineering n
génie informatique ingénierie informatique
A branch of engineering that deals with design and application of computers.

computer game /ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌɡeɪm/ computer games n
jeu informatique jeu vidéo
An electronic game, especially a game played using a general-purpose computer (as opposed to a game console).

computer graphics n
infographie
(computing) The representation and manipulation of pictorial data by a computer.

computer language computer languages n
langage informatique
(programming) A language that is used internally by computers, including programming languages, machine languages, query languages, markup languages etc.

computer literacy /kəmˌpjutəɹ ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəsi/ /kəmˌpjuːtə ˈlɪt(ə)rəsi/ [-ɾ(ə)ɹə-] computer literacies n
alphabétisme informatique
(computing) The ability to operate a personal computer, including its associated hardware and software (but not necessarily to understand the underlying electronics or a programming language). [from late 20th c.]

computer network computer networks n
réseau informatique

computer program computer programs n
logiciel
A complete piece of software. A set of instructions for a computer. This term can refer to either the executable form that a computer can execute (executable code) or the human readable form (source code). (Several programs, each of which does a task, can be collected as a software package or suite).

computer science computer sciences n
informatique
The study of computers and their architecture, languages, and applications, in all aspects, as well as the mathematical structures that relate to computers and computation.

computer scientist computer scientists n
informaticien
One who studies or practises computer science.

computer security n
sécurité informatique
A branch of computer science that addresses enforcement of 'secure' behavior on the operation of computers.

computer system computer systems n
système informatique
(computing) A system for computing that includes the physical computing unit itself and its peripherals.

computer virus computer viruses n
virus informatique
(computing) A program which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks and USB drives, often causing damage to systems and data.

computer-aided design /ˈkəmˈpjuːtəˌeɪˈdɪdˌdɪˈzʌɪn/ n
conception assistée par ordinateur
The process of using drawings made by using a computer to design machines, buildings, etc.

computerization /kəmˌpjuːtəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/ computerizations n
informatisation
The act of computerizing something, or something computerized.

computerize v
informatiser
(transitive, computing) To equip with a computer or a computer system.

computing /kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/ computings n
utilisation d'un ordinateur
(computer science) The use of a computer or computers.
informatique
The study of computers and computer programming.

comrade /-ɹeːd/ /ˈkɑmɹæd/ /ˈkɑmɹəd/ /ˈkɒmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʊmɹeɪd/ /ˈkʌmɹeɪd/ comrades n
camarade
A mate, companion, or associate.
A companion in battle; fellow soldier.
(communism) A fellow socialist, communist or other similarly politically aligned person.
(communism) A non-hierarchical title, functionally similar to "Mr.", "Mrs.", "Miss", "Ms." etc, in a communist or socialist state.

comradeship comradeships n
camaraderie
The company or friendship of others, or sharing a goal.

con /kɑn/ /kɒn/ cons n
inconvénient contre inconvénients
A disadvantage of something, especially when contrasted with its advantages (pros).
taulard
(slang) A convicted criminal, a convict.
arnaque duperie escroquerie
(informal) A fraud; something carried out with the intention of deceiving, usually for personal, often illegal, gain.

con /kɑn/ /kɒn/ v
escroquer duper
(transitive, informal) To trick or defraud, usually for personal gain.

con artist con artists n
arnaqueur arnaqueuse escroc
A person who defrauds or swindles others after first gaining their trust; a scam operator.

con game con games n
abus de confiance
A swindle in which the mark, or victim, is defrauded after his or her trust has been won.

concatemer concatemers n
concatémère

concatenate /kənˈkæ.tə.neɪt/ v
concaténer enchaîner
To join or link together, as though in a chain.
concaténer
(transitive, computing) To join (text strings) together.

concatenation /kɑn.ˌkæt.ɪ.ˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kən.ˌkæt.ə.ˈneɪ.ʃən/ concatenations n
enchaînement
(countable) A series of links united; a series or order of things depending on each other, as if linked together; a chain, a succession.
concaténation
(programming) A character string formed by joining multiple character strings.

concave /kɑnˈkeɪv/ /kɒnˈkeɪv/ /kənˈkeɪv/ /ˈkɑn.keɪv/ /ˈkɒn.keɪv/ more concave most concave adj
concave
Curved like the inner surface of a sphere or bowl.

concavity /kəŋkævɪti/ concavities n
concavité
(uncountable) The state of being concave

conceal /kənˈsil/ /kənˈsiːl/ v
cacher dissimuler
(transitive) To hide something from view or from public knowledge, to try to keep something secret.

concealer concealers n
correcteur
(countable, uncountable) A cosmetic designed to cover blemishes.

concealment /kənˈsiːlmənt/ concealments n
dissimulation
The practice of keeping secrets.
The condition of being hidden or concealed.
(military) protection from observation or surveillance.

concede /kənˈsid/ /kənˈsiːd/ [kənˈsɪid] v
admettre concéder céder
To yield or suffer; to surrender; to grant
concéder
To grant, as a right or privilege; to make concession of.
(sports) To have a goal or point scored against
admettre concéder reconnaître
To admit or agree to be true; to acknowledge.
céder
To yield or make concession.

conceit /kənˈsiːt/ conceits n
concept
(countable, rhetoric, literature) An ingenious expression or metaphorical idea, especially in extended form or used as a literary or rhetorical device. [from 16th c.]
vanité orgueil
(uncountable) Overly high self-esteem; vain pride; hubris. [from 17th c.]

conceited conceiteder conceitedest more conceited most conceited adj
narcissique
vaniteux suffisant orgueilleux prétentieux vain
Having an excessively favourable opinion of one's abilities, appearance, etc.; egotistical and vain.

conceitedly more conceitedly most conceitedly adv
frivolement
in a conceited or egotistical manner

conceivable /kənˈsiːvəbl̩/ adj
imaginable pensable concevable
Capable of being conceived or imagined

conceive /kənˈsiːv/ v
concevoir tomber enceinte
(ambitransitive) To have a child; to become pregnant (with).
concevoir
(transitive) To develop; to form in the mind; to imagine.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ concentrates n
concentré
A substance that is in a condensed form.

concentrate /ˈkɑn.sən.tɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/ v
concentrer
(ambitransitive) To bring to, or direct toward, a common center; to unite more closely; to gather into one body, mass, or force.
To increase the strength and diminish the bulk of, as of a liquid or an ore; to intensify, by getting rid of useless material; to condense.
To approach or meet in a common center; to consolidate.
(intransitive) To focus one's thought or attention (on).

concentrated /ˈkɑnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ /ˈkɒnsəntɹeɪtɪd/ more concentrated most concentrated adj
concentré
Not dilute; having a high concentration.

concentration /ˌkɑnsənˈtɹeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnsənˈtɹeɪʃən/ concentrations n
concentration
The act, process or ability of concentrating; the process of becoming concentrated, or the state of being concentrated.
The act or process of removing the dress of ore and of reducing the valuable part to smaller compass, as by currents of air or water.
The proportion of a substance in a whole.
(chemistry) The amount of solute in a solution measured in suitable units (e.g., parts per million (ppm))

concentration camp concentration camps n
camp de concentration
A camp where large numbers of people, especially political prisoners, prisoners of war, refugees etc., are detained for the purpose of confining them in one place, typically with inadequate or inhumane facilities. [from 19th c.]

concentric more concentric most concentric adj
concentrique
(geometry) Having a common center.

concentricity concentricities n
concentricité
The condition of being concentric.

concept /ˈkɑn.sɛpt/ /ˈkɒn.sɛpt/ concepts n
concept notion
Understanding retained in the mind, from experience, reasoning and imagination; a generalization (generic, basic form), or abstraction (mental impression), of a particular set of instances or occurrences (specific, though different, recorded manifestations of the concept).

concept album concept albums n
album-concept
An album of music where the content follows an overall theme or narrative.

conception /kənˈsɛpʃən/ conceptions n
conception
The power or faculty of apprehending of forming an idea in the mind; the power of recalling a past sensation or perception; the ability to form mental abstractions.

conceptual /kənˈsep.t͡ʃʉ.əl/ /kənˈsɛp.tjʊəl/ /kənˈsɛp.t͡ʃu.əl/ /kənˈsɛp.t͡ʃʊəl/ more conceptual most conceptual adj
conceptuel
Of, or relating to concepts or mental conception.

conceptual art n
art conceptuel
A genre of art in which the transmission of ideas is more important than the creation of an art object

conceptualisation conceptualisations n
conceptualisation
The act of conceptualising, or something conceptualised.

conceptualize v
conceptualiser

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ /kənˈsɝn/ concerns n
souci inquiétude
That which affects one’s welfare or happiness. A matter of interest to someone.
souci préoccupation soin
The expression of solicitude, anxiety, or compassion toward a thing or person.

concern /kənˈsɜːn/ /kənˈsɝn/ v
concerner préoccuper inquiéter interesser toucher
(transitive) To relate or belong to; to have reference to or connection with; to affect the interest of; to be of importance to.

concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/ /kənˈsɝnd/ more concerned most concerned adj
inquiet préoccupé
Showing concern.
impliqué
Involved or responsible.

concerning /kənˈsɜːnɪŋ/ /kənˈsɝnɪŋ/ preposition
au sujet de quant à à propos de
Regarding, respecting.

concert /kənˈsɜːt/ /kənˈsɝt/ /ˈkɑnsɚt/ /ˈkɒnsət/ concerts n
concert
(uncountable) Agreement in a design or plan; union formed by mutual communication of opinions and views; accordance in a scheme; harmony; simultaneous action.
(uncountable) Musical accordance or harmony; concord.
(countable) A musical entertainment in which several voices or instruments take part.

concert hall concert halls n
salle de concert
A large building where concerts are performed.

concertation concertations n
concertation
A form of dialogue and co-decision, implying the mutual exchange of information, open discussion and knowledge sharing, and the signature of operational agreements between public administrations and/or with representatives of the private sector.

concertina /ˌkɑnsɚˈtinə/ /ˌkɒnsəˈtiːnə/ concertinas n
accordéon
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, like the various accordions, that is a member of the free-reed family of musical instruments, typically having buttons on both ends.

concertmaster concertmasters concertmistress n
premier violon
(music, US) The first violin in a symphony orchestra; normally plays violin solos

concerto /kənˈt͡ʃɛɹtoʊ/ concerti concertos n
concerto
(music) A piece of music for one or more solo instruments and orchestra.

concession /kənˈsɛʃən/ concessions n
concession
(by extension) Any admission of the validity or rightness of a point; an instance of this.
(rhetoric) An admission of the validity of an opponent's point in order to build an argument upon it or to move on to another of greater importance; an instance of this.
(Canadian) A concession road: a narrow road between tracts of farmland, especially in Ontario, from their origin during the granting of concessions (see above).
A right to use land or an offshore area for a specific purpose, such as oil exploration.

conch /kɒnt͡ʃ/ /kɒŋk/ conches conchs n
conque
The shell of this sea animal.
Synonym of concher (“machine used to refine the flavour and texture of chocolate”)

concher conchers n
conche
A person who operates such a machine.

conchology /kɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ conchologies n
conchyliologie
the study of molluscs and their shells

concierge /ˌkɑn.siˈɛɹʒ/ /ˌkɒn.siˈɛə̯ʒ/ concierges n
concierge
One who attends to the wishes of hotel guests.
concierge gardien
(British) One who attends to the maintenance of a building and provides services to its tenants and visitors.

conciliatory /kənˈsɪl.i.əˌtɔɹ.i/ more conciliatory most conciliatory adj
accommodant
Willing to conciliate, or to make concessions.

concise /kənˈsaɪs/ more concise most concise adj
concis
Brief, yet including all important information

concisely more concisely most concisely adv
concisément
In a concise manner, briefly, without excessive length.

conciseness /kənˈsaɪsnəs/ n
concision
The property of being concise; succinctness.

conclave /kɒn.ˈkleɪv/ /ˈkɑn.kleɪv/ conclaves n
conclave
(Roman Catholic) The set of apartments in which the elector cardinals are secluded while a conclave takes place.
(Roman Catholic) The group of cardinals involved in a conclave.

conclavist conclavists n
conclaviste
The personal aide of a cardinal at a papal conclave.

conclude /kən.ˈkluːd/ v
conclure
(intransitive) To end; to come to an end.
(obsolete) To include; to comprehend; to shut up together; to embrace; to confine.

conclusion /kənˈkluːʒən/ conclusions n
conclusion fin
The end, finish, close or last part of something.
conclusion
The outcome or result of a process or act.
A decision reached after careful thought.
(logic) In an argument or syllogism, the proposition that follows as a necessary consequence of the premises.

conclusive /kənˈkluːsɪv/ /kəŋˈkluːsɪv/ more conclusive most conclusive adj
conclusif
Pertaining to a conclusion.
concluant
Providing an end to something; decisive.

concoct /kənˈkɒkt/ [kʰəŋˈkʰɒkt] v
concocter

concomitance concomitances n
concomitance
occurrence or existence together or in connection with one another, coexistence

concomitant /kənˈkɑːmətənt/ /kənˈkɒmɪtənt/ adj
concomitant
Accompanying; conjoining; attending; concurrent. [from early 17th c.]

concord /ˈkɒn.kɔɹd/ /ˈkɒŋ.kɔɹd/ concords n
concorde
A state of agreement; harmony; union.

concordant /kəŋˈkɔː(ɹ)dənt/ more concordant most concordant adj
concordant
Agreeing or harmonious; consistent (with).

concordat /kənˈkɔːdæt/ concordats n
concordat
A formal agreement between two parties, especially between a church and a state; specifically, an agreement between the Pope and a government.

concourse /ˈkɒŋkɔː(ɹ)s/ concourses n
hall
A large open space in or in front of a building where people can gather, particularly one joining various paths, as in a rail station or airport terminal, or providing access to and linking the platforms in a railway terminus.

concrescence concrescences n
concrescence
The growing together and merging of similar or dissimilar parts.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concreter concretest adj
concret béton
Real, actual, tangible.
Particular, specific, rather than general.
concret
Being or applying to actual things, rather than abstract qualities or categories.
(obsolete) Not liquid or fluid; solid.
de béton béton
(not comparable) Made of concrete (building material).

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ concretes n
béton
(countable, uncountable) A building material created by mixing cement, water, and aggregate such as gravel and sand.

concrete /kɑŋˈkɹiːt/ /kɵnˈkɹiːt/ /kɵŋˈkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɑŋkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒnkɹiːt/ /ˈkɒŋkɹiːt/ /ˌkɑnˈkɹiːt/ v
bétonner
(usually, transitive) To cover with or encase in concrete (building material).
concrétiser concréter
(usually, transitive) To solidify: to change from being abstract to being concrete (actual, real).

concrete class concrete classes n
classe concrète
(object-oriented) A class that can be instantiated and may have concrete methods.

concrete interface concrete interfaces n
interface concrète
(object-oriented) An interface that extends another.

concrete method concrete methods n
méthode concrète
(object-oriented) A method of a concrete class.

concrete noun concrete nouns n
nom concret
(grammar) A noun that denotes something tangible or material, such as a person or place.

concrete number concrete numbers n
nombre concret
A number used in application to a thing. E.g. "11" is abstract but "11 men" is concrete.

concretely more concretely most concretely adv
concrètement
In a concrete manner, physically, definitely

concretism concretisms n
concrétisme
(art) An abstractionist painting movement that evolved in the 1930s.

concretization concretizations n
concrétisation
(countable) Something specific which is the result of a process of concretizing a general principle or idea.

concretize v
concrétiser
(transitive) To make concrete, substantial, real, or tangible; to represent or embody a concept through a particular instance or example.

concubine /ˈkɑŋkjəbaɪn/ concubines n
concubine
A woman who lives with a man, but who is not a wife.

concupiscence /kənˈkjuːpɪsəns/ concupiscences n
concupiscence
An ardent desire, especially sexual desire; lust.

concur /kəŋˈkɜː/ /kəŋˈkɝ/ v
être d'accord
To agree (in action or opinion); to have a common opinion; to coincide; to correspond.
convenir
To meet in the same point; to combine or conjoin; to contribute or help towards a common object or effect.

concurrent /kɒŋˈkʌɹənt/ /kəŋˈkɝɹənt/ /kəŋˈkʌɹənt/ more concurrent most concurrent adj
simultané concomitant
Happening at the same time; simultaneous.
contemporain
Belonging to the same period; contemporary.
parallèle
(computing, of code) Designed to run independently, rather than sequentially, using various mechanisms, such as threads, event loops or time-slicing.

concussion /kənˈkʌʃn̩/ /kənˈkʌʃən/ concussions n
choc
A violent collision or shock.
commotion cérébrale commotion
(uncountable, _, in, _, Commonwealth, countable, _) An injury to part of the body, most especially the brain, caused by a violent blow, followed by loss of function.

condemn /kənˈdɛm/ /kənˈdɪm/ v
condamner
(transitive) To confer eternal divine punishment upon.
condamner déclarer coupable
(transitive, legal) To declare (a vessel) to be forfeited to the government, to be a prize, or to be unfit for service.

condemnation /ˌkɑndəmˈneɪʃən/ /ˌkɒndəmˈneɪʃən/ /ˌkɒndɛmˈneɪʃən/ condemnations n
condamnation
The act of condemning or pronouncing to be wrong.
The act of judicially condemning, or adjudging guilty, unfit for use, or forfeited; the act of dooming to punishment or forfeiture.

condemned /kənˈdɛmd/ adj
condamné
Having received a curse to be doomed to suffer eternally.
Having been sharply scolded.

condemned /kənˈdɛmd/ condemned n
condamné condamnée
A person sentenced to death.

condensate /ˈkɒndənseɪt/ /ˈkɒndənsət/ condensates n
condensat
(physics) A liquid that is the product of condensation of a gas, i.e. of steam.

condensation /ˌkɑn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/ condensations n
condensation
The act or process of condensing or of being condensed
(physics) The conversion of a gas to a liquid.
condensation déshydratation
(chemistry) The reaction of two substances with the simultaneous loss of water or other small molecule.

condense /kənˈdɛns/ v
condenser
(transitive) To concentrate toward the essence by making more close, compact, or dense, thereby decreasing size or volume.
(transitive, chemistry) To transform from a gaseous state into a liquid state via condensation.
condenser se condenser
(intransitive, chemistry) To be transformed from a gaseous state into a liquid state.

condensed more condensed most condensed adj
condensé condensée condensées condensés
Highly concentrated, or packed into a small space.

condensed milk condensed milks n
lait concentré sucré lait condensé
Milk that has been reduced and sweetened to the consistency of syrup.

condenser condensers n
condenseur
A device designed to condense a gas into a liquid, either as part of a still, steam engine, refrigerator or similar machine.

condescending /ˈkɔn.dɪ.sɛnd.ɪŋ/ /ˈkɔnˌdi.sɛnd.ɪŋ/ /ˌkɑndəˈsɛndɪŋ/ more condescending most condescending adj
condescendant
Assuming a tone of superiority, or a patronizing attitude.

condescension /kɑndiˈsɛnʃən/ /kɒndiˈsɛnʃən/ condescensions n
condescendance
The act of condescending; a manner of behaving in an outwardly polite way that nevertheless implies superiority to another; patronizing courtesy toward inferiors.

condign /kənˈdaɪn/ more condign most condign adj
condigne
Fitting, appropriate, deserved, especially denoting punishment

condiment /ˈkɒn.dɪ.mənt/ condiments n
condiment
Something used to enhance the flavor of food; for example, salt or pepper.

condition /kənˈdɪʃən/ conditions n
condition
The health status of a medical patient.
A requirement.
A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses. The phrase can either be true or false.
(law) A clause in a contract or agreement indicating that a certain contingency may modify the principal obligation in some way.

condition precedent conditions precedent n
condition suspensive
(legal) a condition depending upon an uncertain event which must be fulfilled before an obligation arises or a legal transaction takes effect.

condition subsequent conditions subsequent n
condition résolutoire
(legal) A condition depending upon an uncertain event which, if fulfilled, brings an end to an obligation or legal transaction.

conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.nəl/ /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/ adj
conditionnel
Limited by a condition.

conditional /kənˈdɪʃ.nəl/ /kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/ conditionals n
conditionnel
(grammar) The conditional mood.

conditional perfect conditional perfects n
conditionnel passé
(grammar) A combination of the conditional mood and the perfect tense, roughly corresponding to English 'I would have...'

conditionality conditionalities n
conditionnalité
(uncountable) A state of being subject to conditions.

conditionally /kənˈdɪʃənəli/ more conditionally most conditionally adv
conditionnellement
under specified conditions

conditioned reflex conditioned reflexes n
réflexe conditionnel
A response, to a stimulus, that has been acquired by operant conditioning.

conditioner conditioners n
conditionneur
anything that improves the condition of something
entraîneur
someone who trains athletes or racehorses

conditioning /kənˈdɪʃənɪŋ/ conditionings n
conditionnement
The process of modifying a person or animal's behaviour.

condolence /kənˈdoʊləns/ /ˈkɒndələns/ condolences n
réconfort
(uncountable) Comfort, support or sympathy.
condoléances
(countable, usually, in the plural) An expression of comfort, support, or sympathy offered to the family and friends of somebody who has died.

condolences /kənˈdoʊlənsəz/ /ˈkɒndələnsəz/ interjection
mes condoléances toutes mes condoléances
Expressing sympathy to someone, especially after learning of a close death.

condom /ˈkɑn.dəm/ /ˈkɒn.dɒm/ /ˈkɒn.dəm/ /ˈkʌn.dəm/ condoms n
préservatif capote capote anglaise condom
A flexible sleeve made of latex or other impermeable material such as sheepskin, worn over an erect penis during sexual intercourse as a contraceptive or as a way to prevent the spread of STDs.

condominium /kɑn.dəˈmɪn.i.əm/ /kɒn.dəˈmɪn.ɪ.əm/ condominia condominiums n
copropriété
(US, Canada, Philippines) A building or complex of buildings that provides multiple residential units each of which is owned separately but whose grounds, structure, etc. (if any) are owned jointly. [from 20th c.]
copropriété propriété par étages
(US, Canada, Philippines) The system of ownership by which such condominiums operate

condone /kənˈdoʊn/ /kənˈdəʊn/ v
pardonner tolérer
(transitive) To forgive, excuse or overlook (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked).
(transitive, legal) To forgive (marital infidelity or other marital offense).
autoriser permettre tolérer
(transitive) To allow, accept or permit (something that is considered morally wrong, offensive, or generally disliked).

condor /ˈkɒndɔː(ɹ)/ condor condors n
condor
Either of two New World vultures, Vultur gryphus of the Andes or Gymnogyps californianus, a nearly extinct vulture of the mountains of California.
(golf) The completion of a hole four strokes under par (a quadruple birdie, triple eagle, or double albatross).

conducive /kənˈdjuːsɪv/ /kənˈdusɪv/ more conducive most conducive adj
favorable
Tending to contribute to, encourage, or bring about some result.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ conducts n
conduite comportement
The act or method of controlling or directing.

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/ /ˈkɑndʌkt/ /ˈkɒndʌkt/ v
se comporter
(transitive, reflexive) To behave.
conduire mener
(transitive) To carry out (something organized)

conductance conductances n
conductance
(physics) A measure of the ability of a body to conduct electricity; the reciprocal of its resistance.

conductimetry n
conductimétrie
(chemistry, physics) The measurement of the conductance of a solution, especially during a reaction or titration

conduction /kənˈdʌkʃən/ conductions n
conduction
(physics) The conveying of heat or electricity through material.

conductive /kənˈdʌktɪv/ more conductive most conductive adj
conducteur
Able to conduct electrical current or heat.

conductivity conductivities n
conductivité
The ability of a material to conduct electricity, heat, fluid or sound
(physics) The reciprocal of resistivity

conductor /kənˈdʌktɚ/ conductors conductress conductrix n
chef d'orchestre
(music) A person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble; a professional whose occupation is conducting.
contrôleur poinçonneur
(rail transport) A person who takes tickets on public transportation and also helps passengers.
conducteur
(physics) Something that can transmit electricity, heat, light, or sound.

conduit /ˈkɑnd(j)ʊɪt/ /ˈkɑndɪt/ /ˈkɒnd(j)ʊɪt/ /ˈkɒndɪt/ /ˈkɒndʒʊɪt/ conduits n
canal
(figurative) A means by which something is transmitted.

condylar /ˈkɑn.də.lɚ/ /ˈkɒn.də.lə/ more condylar most condylar adj
condylaire condylien
Relating to or resembling a condyle.

condyle /ˈkɒndaɪl/ /ˈkɒndɪl/ condyles n
condyle
(anatomy) A smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone.

condyloma condylomas condylomata n
condylome
(pathology) A wartlike growth on the skin or a mucous membrane, caused by certain types of HPV viruses, usually occurring in the genital area

cone /ˈkoʊn/ /ˈkəʊn/ cones n
surface conique cône
(geometry) A surface of revolution formed by rotating a segment of a line around another line that intersects the first line.
cône
(geometry) A solid of revolution formed by rotating a triangle around one of its altitudes.
Anything shaped like a cone.
(anatomy) Any of the small cone-shaped structures in the retina.
cône pomme de pin pive
The fruit of a conifer.

confabulate /kənˈfæbjʊleɪt/ v
confabuler
(ambitransitive, psychology) To fabricate memories in order to fill gaps in one's memory.

confection /kənˈfɛkʃən/ confections n
bonbon friandise pâtisserie sucrerie
A food item prepared very sweet, frequently decorated in fine detail, and often preserved with sugar, such as a candy, sweetmeat, fruit preserve, pastry, or cake.

confectioner confectioners n
confiseur confiseuse pâtissier
A manufacturer of or dealer in confections (sweets and candies, and other sweet food items).

confectioner's cream confectioner's creams n
crème pâtissière
Cream used by confectioners to make pies, etc.

confectionery /kənˈfɛkʃənəɹi/ /kənˈfɛkʃənɹi/ confectioneries n
confiserie sucreries
(uncountable) Foodstuffs that taste very sweet, taken as a group; candies, sweetmeats and confections collectively.
confiserie
(uncountable) The business or occupation of manufacturing confectionery; the skill or work of a confectioner.

confederacy /kənˈfɛdəɹəsi/ confederacies n
confédération
An alliance.

confederal adj
confédéral
Of, pertaining to, or being a confederation.

confederate /kənˈfɛdəɹeɪt/ /kənˈfɛdəɹət/ confederates n
confédéré confédérée
A member of a confederacy.

confederation /kənfɛdəˈɹeɪʃən/ confederations n
confédération
A union or alliance of states or political organizations.

confer /kənˈfɜː/ /kənˈfʌɹ/ [kʰə̥ɱˈfɚ] v
conférer accorder décerner
(transitive) To grant as a possession; to bestow. [from 16th c.]
(intransitive) To talk together, to consult, discuss; to deliberate. [from 16th c.]

conferee conferees n
participant à une conférence
A person who participates in a conference.

conference /ˈkɑnf(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈkɒnf(ə)ɹəns/ [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹn̩s] [ˈkʰɑɱ.fɹəns] conferences n
conférence
(business) An event organized by a for-profit or non-profit organization to discuss a pressing issue, such as a new product, market trend or government regulation, with a range of speakers.
(Philippines, sports) A constituent tournament of a sports league in a given season.

conference interpreter conference interpreters n
interprète de conférence

conference interpreting n
interprétation de conférence

conferencier conferenciers n
conférencier conférencière
A person who organizes a conference, or is a leading member of one

conferva /kənˈfɜːvə/ confervae confervas confervæ n
conferve
An unbranched slender green freshwater alga.

confess /kənˈfɛs/ v
avouer confesser
(intransitive, transitive) To admit to the truth, particularly in the context of sins or crimes committed.
confesser
(transitive) To acknowledge faith in; to profess belief in.
(religion) To unburden (oneself) of sins to God or a priest, in order to receive absolution.

confession /kənˈfɛʃən/ confessions n
confession aveu
The open admittance of having done something (especially something bad).
A formula in which the articles of faith are comprised; a creed to be assented to or signed, as a preliminary to admission to membership of a church; a confession of faith.

confessional /kənˈfɛʃənəl/ confessionals n
confessionnal
(Roman Catholicism) A small room where confession—the Sacrament of Penance—is performed in private with a priest.

confessional chair confessional chairs n
confessional
A chair, or rather booth, in various constructional variations, typically in church or chapel, where the confessor, seated in one compartment, can privately (to protect the sacred secret of the sacrament) hear confession from the person in the other

confessor /kənˈfɛsə/ /kənˈfɛsɚ/ /ˈkɒnfɛs(ɔ)ə/ /ˈkɒnfɛsɔː/ confessoress confessors n
confesseur
(Roman Catholicism) A priest who hears confession and then gives absolution

confetti /kənˈfɛt.i/ n
confetti
Small pieces or strips (streamers) of colored paper or other material (metal, plaster, etc) generally thrown about at festive occasions, especially at weddings and in victory celebrations.

confidant /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dɑnt/ /ˈkɒn.fɪˌdænt/ /ˌkɒn.fɪˈdænt/ confidants n
confident confidente
A person in whom one can confide or share one's secrets: a friend.

confide /kənˈfaɪd/ v
confier faire confiance
(intransitive, with in) To take (someone) into one's confidence, to speak in secret with.
confier
(transitive, intransitive) To say (something) in confidence.

confidence /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dəns/ /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/ confidences n
assurance confiance en soi
Self-assurance.
confiance
A feeling of certainty; firm trust or belief; faith.
confidence
Information held in secret; a piece of information shared but to thence be kept in secret.

confidence interval confidence intervals n
intervalle de confiance
(statistics) A range defined such that there is a fixed probability that the value of the measured parameter will fall within the range.

confident /ˈkɑn.fɪ.dənt/ /ˈkɒn.fɪ.dənt/ [ˈkʰɑɱ.fə.dn̩t] [ˈkʰɒɱ.fə.dn̩t] more confident most confident adj
confiant assuré sûr
Very sure of something; positive.

confidential /ˌkɑːnfɪˈdɛnʃl/ more confidential most confidential adj
confidentiel
Kept, or meant to be kept, secret within a certain circle of persons; not intended to be known publicly

confidential informant /ˌkɒnfɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪnˈfɔː(ɹ)mənt/ confidential informants n
indic indic’
(law enforcement) A person who secretly provides information to the police about wrongdoing which they are aware of due to their relationship to the wrongdoer.

confidently /ˈkɑnfɪdəntli/ /ˈkɒnfɪdəntli/ more confidently most confidently adv
candidement confidemment
In a confident manner; with confidence; with strong assurance; positively.

configuration /kənˌfɪɡ.jəˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/ /kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹæɪ̯.ʃən/ configurations n
configuration
The form of a thing, as depending on the relative placement of the parts of a thing's shape.
The relative positions of a set of things; the way things are arranged or put together;

configure /kənˈfɪɡ(j)ɚ/ /kənˈfɪɡə(ɹ)/ v
configurer
(transitive) To set up or arrange something in such a way that it is ready for operation for a particular purpose, or to someone's particular liking

confine /kənˈfaɪn/ /ˈkɑnfaɪn/ /ˈkɒnfaɪn/ confines n
limite
(mostly, in the plural) A boundary or limit.

confine /kənˈfaɪn/ /ˈkɑnfaɪn/ /ˈkɒnfaɪn/ v
confiner
(transitive) To restrict (someone or something) to a particular scope or area; to keep in or within certain bounds. [from 17th c.]

confined /kənˈfaɪnd/ more confined most confined adj
emprisonné enfermé
Not free to move.

confinement /kənˈfaɪnmənt/ confinements n
confinement
The act of confining or the state of being confined.

confines /kənˈfaɪnz/ /ˈkɑnfaɪnz/ /ˈkɒnfaɪnz/ n
confins
The borders or limits of an area.

confirm /kənˈfɜːm/ /kənˈfɝm/ v
confirmer
To strengthen; to make firm or resolute.
To assure the accuracy of previous statements.

confirmation /ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.fəˈmeɪ.ʃn̩] confirmations n
confirmation
An official indicator that things will happen as planned.
A ceremony of sealing and conscious acknowledgement of the faith in many Christian churches, typically around the ages of 14 to 18; considered a sacrament in some churches, including Catholicism, but not in most Protestant churches.
confirmation vérification
A verification that something is true or has happened.

confirmed bachelor confirmed bachelors n
célibataire endurci
Any man uninterested in committed relationships.

confiscate v
confisquer
(transitive) To use one's authority to lay claim to and separate a possession from its holder.

confiscation confiscations n
confiscation
The act or process of confiscating.

confiture /ˈkɑnfɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkɒnfɪtjʊə(ɹ)/ confitures n
confiture
a preserve or jelly/jam of candied fruit

conflagration /ˌkɒnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/ conflagrations n
conflagration incendie
A large fire extending to many objects, or over a large space; a general burning.

conflate /kɒnˈfleɪt/ /kənˈfleɪt/ v
fusionner amalgamer assembler confondre
(by extension) To fail to properly distinguish or keep separate (things); to mistakenly treat (them) as equivalent.
(by extension) To deliberately draw a false equivalence or association, typically in a tacit or implicit manner as propaganda and/or an intentional distortion or misrepresentation of the subject matter.

conflict /kənˈflɪkt/ /ˈkɑn.flɪkt/ /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/ conflicts n
conflit
A clash or disagreement, often violent, between two or more opposing groups or individuals.
conflit incompatibilité
An incompatibility, as of two things that cannot be simultaneously fulfilled.

conflict of interest conflicts of interest n
conflit d'intérêts
(legal) A situation in which an individual or legal entity in a position of trust (such as an attorney, investment advisor, broker, politician, executive, director, scientist or physician) has competing professional or personal interests.

confluence /kənˈflu.əns/ /ˈkɑnˌflu.əns/ /ˈkɒn.flu.əns/ confluences n
confluent confluence
The place where two rivers, streams, or other continuously flowing bodies of water meet and become one, especially where a tributary joins a river.
confluent convergence
A convergence or combination of forces, people, or things.

confocal adj
confocal
(optics, mathematics) Having the same foci

conform /kənˈfɔɹm/ /kənˈfɔːm/ v
s'aligner
(transitive, intransitive, often followed by to) To change to more closely match typical characteristics or behavior.
se conformer
(intransitive, of things or procedures) To be as required or recommended by a specification, regulation, or policy.

conformable more conformable most conformable adj
conforme
Having the same shape or form; very similar.

conformal more conformal most conformal adj
conforme
(mathematics, of a transformation) That preserves angles between intersecting curves.
conforme orthomorphe
(cartography, of a map projection) That preserves relative angles over small scales, at all but a limited number of distinct points.

conformance /kənˈfɔːm(ə)ns/ conformances n
conformité
The act of conforming; conformity.

conformant more conformant most conformant adj
conforme

conformism conformisms n
conformisme
A willingness to conform; conformity.

conformist /kənˈfoː.mɪst/ /kənˈfɔɹ.mɪst/ /kənˈfɔː.mɪst/ more conformist most conformist adj
conformiste
Conforming to established customs, etc.

conformity /kənˈfɔɹmɪti/ /kənˈfɔːmɪti/ conformities n
conformité
The state of things being similar or identical.

confounded /kənˈfaʊndɪd/ more confounded most confounded adj
confondu
confused, astonished

confounder confounders n
confondeur
(mathematics) A factor, in data analysis, that causes the effects of two distinct processes to be indistinguishable; a confounding variable

confront /kɒnˈfɹɒnt/ /kənˈfɹʌnt/ v
confronter
(transitive) To stand or meet facing, especially in competition, hostility or defiance; to come face to face with
(transitive) To deal with.
(intransitive) To engage in confrontation.

confrontation /ˌkɑn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔn.fɹənˈtæɪ.ʃən/ confrontations n
confrontation
The act of confronting or challenging another, especially face to face.
A conflict between armed forces.

confrontational /ˌkɒnfɹənˈteɪʃənˈəl/ more confrontational most confrontational adj
agressif
Pertaining to a confrontation; characterized by, or given to initiating hostile encounter; in-your-face.

confuse /kənˈfjuːz/ v
confondre rendre perplexe
(transitive) to puzzle, perplex, baffle, bewilder (somebody); to afflict by being complicated, contradictory, or otherwise difficult to understand
confondre
(transitive) To mix up, muddle up (one thing with another); to mistake (one thing for another).

confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ more confused most confused adj
embrouillé désorienté perdu
(of a person) unable to think clearly or understand
désorienté confus
(of a person or animal) disoriented
embrouillé confus
chaotic, jumbled or muddled
incohérent
making no sense; illogical
embarrassé
embarrassed

confusedly /kənˈfjuzdli/ /kənˈfjuzɪdli/ /kənˈfjuːzdli/ /kənˈfjuːzɪdli/ more confusedly most confusedly adv
confusément
In a confused manner.

confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ more confusing most confusing adj
complexe déroutant
difficult to understand; not clear as lacking order, chaotic etc

confusion /kənˈfjuːʒən/ confusions n
confusion désordre
A lack of clarity or order.
confusion malentendu
The state of being confused; misunderstanding.

confusionism n
confusionnisme
A strategy of maintaining confusion in the minds and preventing objective analysis.

conga /ˈkɑŋɡə/ /ˈkɒŋɡə/ congas n
conga
(dance) A march of Cuban origin in four-four time in which people form a chain, each holding the hips of the person in front of them; in each bar, dancers take three shuffle steps and then kick alternate legs outwards at the beat; the chain weaves around the place and allows new participants to join the back of the chain. [from 1935]

congee /ˈkɑnd͡ʒi/ /ˈkɒndʒiː/ congees n
congee
(Asian, _, cuisine) A type of thick rice porridge or soup, sometimes prepared with vegetables and/or meat.

congenial /kənˈd͡ʒiːniəl/ more congenial most congenial adj
semblable
Having the same or very similar nature, personality, tastes, habits or interests.
sympathique
Friendly or sociable.
agréable
Suitable to one’s needs.

congeniality /kənˌd͡ʒiːniˈælɪti/ congenialities n
sociabilité
The quality of being congenial; the state of being agreeable or of having similar tastes.

congenital adj
congénital
(of a trait or a disease) Present since birth.

congenital insensitivity to pain n
insensibilité congénitale à la douleur
(disease) A rare inborn disorder, the sufferers of which cannot feel pain.

conger /ˈkɑŋɡɚ/ /ˈkɒŋɡə(ɹ)/ congers n
congre
Any of several scaleless marine eels, of the genus Conger, found in coastal waters

conger eel conger eels n
congre
Any of various large marine eels of the family Congridae, having no scales and found in temperate and tropical coastal waters.

congestion /-ˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛst.ʃən/ /kʊnˈd͡ʒɛʃ.d͡ʒən/ congestions n
bouchon embouteillage
An excess of traffic; usually not a complete standstill of traffic, so usually not synonymous with traffic jam.

conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑm.əˌɹeɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɚ.ɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɹɪt/ /kənˈɡlɒm.(ə.)ɹət/ /kənˈɡlɒm.əˌɹeɪt/ conglomerates n
conglomérat
(business) A corporation formed by the combination of several smaller corporations whose activities are unrelated to the corporation's primary activity.
conglomérat roche conglomérée
(geology) A rock consisting of gravel or pebbles embedded in a matrix.

conglomerate /kənˈɡlɑm.əˌɹeɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɚ.ɪt/ /kənˈɡlɑm.ɹɪt/ /kənˈɡlɒm.(ə.)ɹət/ /kənˈɡlɒm.əˌɹeɪt/ v
conglomérer
(transitive) To combine together into a larger mass.

conglomeration conglomerations n
conglomération
That which consists of many previously separate parts.

congratulate /-d͡ʒ.ə-/ /-t͡ʃ.ə-/ /kənˈɡɹæd͡ʒ.ʊˌleɪt/ /kənˈɡɹæt͡ʃ.ʊˌleɪt/ v
féliciter
To express one’s sympathetic pleasure or joy to the person(s) it is felt for.

congratulation /kənˌɡɹætjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ congratulations n
félicitation félicitations
The act of congratulating.

congratulations /-d͡ʒə-/ /-d͡ʒʊ-/ /-tjə-/ /-tjʊ-/ /-t͡ʃʊ-/ /kənˌɡɹat͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ /kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/ interjection
félicitations
Expressing praise and approval, expressing approbation.

congregation /ˌkɑŋɡɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒŋɡɹɪˈɡeɪʃən/ congregations n
rassemblement
The act of congregating or collecting together.
assemblée assemblée des fidèles
A gathering of faithful in a temple, church, synagogue, mosque or other place of worship. It can also refer to the people who are present at a devotional service in the building, particularly in contrast to the pastor, minister, imam, rabbi etc. and/or choir, who may be seated apart from the general congregation or lead the service (notably in responsory form).
congrégation
A Roman Congregation, a main department of the Vatican administration of the Catholic Church.
assemblée
Any large gathering of people.

congress /-ɹɛs/ /kənˈɡɹɛs/ /kəŋˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈkɑŋɡɹəs/ /ˈkɒŋˌɡɹɛs/ congresses n
congrès
A formal gathering or assembly; a conference held to discuss or decide on a specific question.
(often, capitalized) A legislative body of a state, originally the bicameral legislature of the United States of America.

congressman congressmen congresswoman n
membre du Congrès
A male member of congress.

congruence /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əns/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹʊ.əns/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.əns/ congruences n
congruence
The quality of agreeing or corresponding; being suitable and appropriate.
(mathematics, number theory) A relation between two numbers indicating they give the same remainder when divided by some given number.

congruent /kənˈɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɒŋ.ɡɹu.ənt/ /ˈkɔŋ.ɡɹʉ.ənt/ more congruent most congruent adj
conforme convenable
Corresponding in character; congruous
congru
(mathematics) Having a difference divisible by a modulus.

congruous /ˌkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əs/ more congruous most congruous adj
congru
Corresponding in character.

conical /ˈkɑnɪkəl/ /ˈkɒnɪkəl/ more conical most conical adj
conique
(geometry) Of or relating to a cone or cones.
Shaped like a cone.

conicity conicities n
conicité
The quality of being conic.

conifer /ˈkɒnɪfə(ɹ)/ conifers n
conifère
(botany) A plant belonging to the order Coniferales; a cone-bearing seed plant with vascular tissue, usually a tree.

coniine coniines n
conine
(organic compound) A poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock and the yellow pitcher plant; it is a neurotoxin which disrupts the peripheral nervous system.

conjectural more conjectural most conjectural adj
conjectural
In the nature of a conjecture, or based on a conjecture.

conjecture /kənˈd͡ʒek.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ conjectures n
conjecture
(formal) A statement or an idea which is unproven, but is thought to be true; a guess.
(formal) A supposition based upon incomplete evidence; a hypothesis.
(mathematics, philology) A statement likely to be true based on available evidence, but which has not been formally proven.

conjecture /kənˈd͡ʒek.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /kənˈd͡ʒɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ v
conjecturer
(formal, intransitive) To guess; to venture an unproven idea.
(transitive) To infer on slight evidence; to guess at.

conjoin /kənˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
conjoindre
(transitive) To join together; to unite; to combine.

conjugal /kənˈd͡ʒuːɡəl/ /ˈkɑnd͡ʒəɡəl/ /ˈkɒndʒʊɡəl/ adj
conjugal
Of or relating to marriage, or the relationship of spouses; connubial.

conjugate /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkɑn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡeɪt/ /ˈkɒn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ /ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡæɪt/ /ˈkɔn.d͡ʒə.ɡət/ v
conjuguer
(grammar, transitive) To inflect (a verb) for each person, in order, for one or more tenses; to list or recite its principal parts.

conjugation /ˌkɑnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ conjugations n
conjugaison
The coming together of things; union.
(biology) The temporary fusion of organisms, especially as part of sexual reproduction
(grammar) In some languages, one of several classifications of verbs according to what inflections they take.
(grammar) The product of that act: the conjugated forms of a verb, collected into a list or recitation.

conjugator conjugators n
conjugueur
An automated process or written aid for giving the conjugation table of verbs.

conjunction /kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃən/ conjunctions n
conjonction
The act of joining, or condition of being joined.
(grammar) A word used to join other words or phrases together into sentences. The specific conjunction used shows how the two joined parts are related.
(astronomy) The alignment of two bodies in the solar system such that they have the same longitude when seen from Earth.
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the ∧ (\and) operator.

conjunctiva /kənˈdʒʌŋ(k).tɪv.ə/ /kənˌd͡ʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaɪ.və/ /ˌkɑnˌd͡ʒʌŋ(k)ˈtaɪ.və/ /ˌkɒn.dʒʌŋ(k)ˈtʌɪ.və/ conjunctivae conjunctivas n
conjonctive
(anatomy) A clear mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelid and the exposed surface of the eyeball or sclera.

conjunctive adj
conjonctif
(grammar) Relating to a conjunction (part of speech).
(grammar) Relating to the conjunctive mood.
(logic) Of or relating to logical conjunction.

conjunctively adv
conjonctivement
In a conjunctive way.

conjunctivitis /kənˌd͡ʒʌŋktɪˈvaɪtɪs/ conjunctivites conjunctivitides conjunctivitises n
conjonctivite
(pathology) An inflammation of the conjunctiva, often due to infection.

conjunctivity conjunctivities n
conjonctivité
State or quality of being conjunctive.

conjuncture /ˈkənd͡ʒʌŋkt͡ʃɚ/ conjunctures n
conjoncture
A combination of events or circumstances; a conjunction; a union.

conjurer /ˈkʌnd͡ʒəɹə(ɹ)/ conjurers conjuress n
conjurateur invocateur
One who conjures; one who calls, entreats, or charges in a solemn manner.

conk /kɑŋk/ /kɒŋk/ conks n
langue
The shelf- or bracket-shaped fruiting body of a bracket fungus (also called a shelf fungus), i.e. a mushroom growing off a tree trunk.

conk /kɑŋk/ /kɒŋk/ v
cogner
(slang) To hit, especially on the head.
lâcher péter
(colloquial, often, with out) To fail or show signs of failing, cease operating, break down.

conlanger /ˈkɑn.læŋ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒn.læŋ.ə/ conlangers n
conlanger idéolinguiste
Someone who creates constructed languages (conlangs).

conman conmen n
arnaqueur escroc
confidence trickster

connect /kəˈnɛkt/ v
connecter accoupler brancher
(intransitive, of an object) To join (to another object): to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to another object.
(transitive, of an object) To join (two other objects), or to join (one object) to (another object): to be a link between two objects, thereby attaching them to each other.
connecter accoupler
(intransitive, of two objects) To join: to attach, or to be intended to attach or capable of attaching, to each other.
brancher connecter
To join an electrical or telephone line to a circuit or network.

connect the dots v
relier les points

connected /kəˈnɛktɪd/ more connected most connected adj
connexe
(mathematics, graph theory, of a graph) Having a path, either directed or undirected, connecting every pair of vertices.

connecting rod connecting rods n
bielle
Any rod, in an engine, that transmits power or motion, especially one that connects a reciprocating shaft to a rotating wheel, in reciprocating engines connecting piston to crankshaft

connection /kəˈnɛkʃən/ connections n
connexion
(uncountable) The act of connecting.
An established communications or transportation link.
liaison lien rapport connexion
The point at which two or more things are connected.
complicité connexion
A feeling of understanding and ease of communication between two or more people.
correspondance
(transport) A transfer from one transportation vehicle to another in scheduled transportation service

connections /kəˈnɛkʃənz/ n
piston
People with whom one is acquainted who can offer help and influence.

connective tissue connective tissues n
tissu conjonctif
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals whose main function is binding other tissue systems (such as muscle to skin) or organs and consists of the following three elements: cells, fibers and a ground substance (or extracellular matrix).

connectivity connectivities n
connectivité connexité
(uncountable) The state of being connected

connectome /kəˈnɛktəʊm/ connectomes n
connectome
(biology, neuroscience) The complete mapping of the structural links in an organism's neural circuitry.

connectomic adj
connectomique

connectomics n
connectomique

connector connectors n
connecteur
A device (or, more precisely, a mating pair of devices, often a plug and a socket) for connecting together two wires, cables, or hoses, allowing electricity or fluid to flow but also allowing easy disconnection and reconnection when necessary.

conning tower conning towers n
kiosque
(nautical) A connecting structure between the bridge and pressure hull of a submarine; in larger, modern submarines it contains the captain's cabin and is known as the sail.

conniption /kəˈnɪp.ʃən/ conniptions n
crise de colère crise de panique
(informal) A fit of anger or panic; conniption fit.
crise de fou-rire
A fit of laughing; convulsion.

connivance /kəˈnaɪvəns/ connivances n
connivence
(law) The process of conniving or conspiring.

connive /kəˈnaɪv/ v
conspirer intriguer
(intransitive) To secretly cooperate with other people in order to commit a crime or other wrongdoing; to collude, to conspire. [from mid 17th c.]
feindre l'ignorance
(intransitive, obsolete) Often followed by at: to pretend to be ignorant of something in order to escape blame; to ignore or overlook a fault deliberately.

connoisseur /ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/ /ˌkɑnəˈsʊɹ/ /ˌkɒnəˈsɜː/ /ˌkɒnəˈsʊə/ connoisseurs n
connaisseur connaisseuse
A specialist in a given field whose opinion is highly valued, especially in one of the fine arts or in matters of taste.

connotation /ˌkɑnəˈteɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/ connotations n
connotation
(semantics) A meaning of a word or phrase that is suggested or implied, as opposed to a denotation, or literal meaning. A characteristic of words or phrases, or of the contexts that words and phrases are used in.

connotative more connotative most connotative adj
connotatif
that implies or suggests something else

connote /kɒˈnəʊt/ /kəˈnoʊt/ /kəˈnəʊt/ v
connoter désigner impliquer indiquer
(transitive) To signify beyond its literal or principal meaning.
connoter impliquer
(intransitive) To express without overt reference; to imply.

conoidal adj
conoïdal
Having the shape of a conoid; having a roughly conical shape.

conoscopy conoscopies n
conoscopie

conquer /ˈkɑŋkɚ/ /ˈkɒŋkə/ v
conquérir
To defeat in combat; to subjugate.

conqueror /ˈkɑŋˌkɚ.ɚ/ /ˈkɒŋˌkə.ɹə/ /ˈkɔnˌkɚ.ɚ/ conquerors n
conquérant conquérante
Someone who conquers.

conquest /ˈkɑnkwəst/ /ˈkɑnkwɛst/ /ˈkɑŋ-/ /ˈkɒŋkwəst/ /ˈkɒŋkwɛst/ conquests n
conquête
An act or instance of achieving victory through combat; the subjugation of an enemy.

conrod conrods n
bielle
(automotive)

consanguineous /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪni.əs/ /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnjəs/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪni.əs/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnjəs/ adj
consanguin
Related by birth; descended from the same parent or ancestor.

consanguinity /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnəti/ /kɑnsæŋˈɡwɪnɪti/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnəti/ /kɒnsaŋˈɡwɪnɪti/ consanguinities n
consanguinité
A consanguineous or family relationship through parentage or descent. A blood relationship.

conscience /ˈkɑn.ʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.tʃəns/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəns/ consciences n
conscience
(chiefly, fiction, narratology) A personification of the moral sense of right and wrong, usually in the form of a person, a being or merely a voice that gives moral lessons and advices.

conscientious /ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs/ /ˌkɒnʃiˈɛnʃəs/ more conscientious most conscientious adj
consciencieux
Thorough, careful, or vigilant in one’s task performance.

conscientious objector conscientious objectors n
objecteur de conscience objectrice de conscience
Someone who refuses to perform military service (for example to fight in an armed conflict, or be compulsorily drafted in a time of peace) because of religious or moral principles.

conscientiousness n
conscienciosité
The state or characteristic of being conscientious.

conscientize v
conscientiser
To make aware of a social or political issue or idea

conscious /ˈkɑn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒn.ʃəs/ /ˈkɒntʃəs/ more conscious most conscious adj
conscient
Alert, awake; with one's mental faculties active.
Aware of one's own existence; aware of one's own awareness.
Aware of, sensitive to; observing and noticing, or being strongly interested in or concerned about.

consciously more consciously most consciously adv
consciemment
In a conscious manner; knowingly, volitionally.

consciousness /ˈkɑnʃəsnəs/ /ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ consciousnesses n
conscience connaissance
The state of being conscious or aware; awareness.

conscript /kənˈskɹɪpt/ /ˈkɑnskɹɪpt/ /ˈkɒnskɹɪpt/ conscripts n
appelé conscrit
One who is compulsorily enrolled, often into a military service; a draftee.

conscription /kənˈskɹɪpʃən/ conscriptions n
conscription service militaire obligatoire
Involuntary labor, especially military service, demanded by some established authority.

consecrate /ˈkɑnsəkɹeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəkɹət/ /ˈkɒnsəkɹeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəkɹət/ v
consacrer
(transitive) To declare something holy, or make it holy by some procedure.

consecration /ˌkɒnsɪˈkɹeɪʃən/ consecrations n
consécration
The act or ceremony of consecrating; the state of being consecrated; dedication.

consecutio temporum /ˌkɒnsəˈkjuːʃiəʊ ˌtɛmˈpɔːɹəm/ n
concordance des temps
(linguistics, grammar) A set of grammatical rules of a particular language, governing the agreement between the tenses of verbs in related clauses or sentences; agreement between tenses of verbs in accordance with said set of rules.

consecution /ˌkɒnsɪˈkjuːʃən/ consecutions n
consécution
(logic) The relation of consequent to antecedent.

consecutive /kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/ adj
consécutif
following, in succession, without interruption
having some logical sequence

consecutive interpreting n
interprétation consécutive
(translation studies) A type of oral translation from one language into another which is produced after a person has finished speaking and typically with the aid of notetaking.

consecutively adv
consécutivement
In a consecutive manner; without interruption.

consensus /kənˈsɛnsəs/ consensus consensuses n
consensus
General agreement among the members of a given group or community, each of which exercises some discretion in decision-making and follow-up action.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ consents n
consentement approbation agrément
Voluntary agreement or permission.

consent /kənˈsɛnt/ v
consentir agréer approuver
(intransitive) To express willingness, to give permission.

consequence /ˈkɑnsɪkwəns/ /ˈkɑnsɪkwɛns/ /ˈkɒnsɪkwɛns/ consequences n
conséquence
An effect; something that follows a cause as a result.
(especially when preceded by "of") Importance, influence, or significance.

consequent /ˈkɑn.sɪ.kwənt/ /ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənt/ /ˈkɔn.sɪ.kwənt/ consequents n
conséquent
(logic) The second half of a hypothetical proposition; Q, if the form of the proposition is "If P, then Q."

consequently /ˈkɑːnsəˌkwɛntli/ /ˈkɑːnsɪˌkwɛntli/ /ˈkɒnsɪˌkwɛntli/ adv
par conséquent
(conjunctive) As a result or consequence of something; subsequently.

conservation /ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/ conservations n
préservation
The act of preserving, guarding, or protecting; the keeping (of a thing) in a safe or entire state; preservation.
défense préservation
Wise use of natural resources.
conservation
(biology) Genes and associated characteristics of biological organisms that are unchanged by evolution, for example similar or identical nucleic acid sequences or proteins in different species descended from a common ancestor

conservation law conservation laws n
loi de conservation
(physics) Any of several laws that hold that some physical property remains constant in a closed system regardless of other changes that take place.

conservationist conservationists n
écologiste défenseur de l'environnement
A person who maintains natural areas or protects threatened species.

conservatism conservatisms n
conservatisme
A political philosophy that advocates traditional values.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ more conservative most conservative adj
conservateur
Tending to resist change or innovation.
(US, economics, politics, social sciences) Supporting some combination of fiscal, political or social conservatism.
prudent conservateur
Based on pessimistic assumptions.

conservative /kənˈsɜːvətɪv/ /kənˈsɝvətɪv/ conservatives n
conservateur
(US, economics) A fiscal conservative.
A person who favors maintenance of the status quo.
conservateur conservatrice
(US, politics) A person who favors decentralization of political power and disfavors interventionist foreign policy.
(politics) One who opposes changes to the traditional institutions of their country.

conservatoire conservatoires n
école de musique académie de musique conservatoire école supérieure de musique
(music) A music academy.

conservatory /kənˈsɜː.və.tɹi/ /kənˈsɝ.vəˌtɔ.ɹi/ conservatories n
serre
A large greenhouse or hothouse for the display of plants
véranda
(chiefly, _, UK, Ireland) A glass-walled and -roofed room in a house
conservatoire école de musique académie de musique école d'art dramatique école de théâtre école supérieure de musique
A school of music or drama

conserve /kənˈsɜː(ɹ)v/ /ˈkɒnsɜː(ɹ)v/ v
conserver

consider /kənˈsɪdə/ /kənˈsɪdɚ/ /kənˈsɪɾə/ [kənˈsɪɾɚ] v
considérer réfléchir examiner songer
(intransitive) To think about something seriously or carefully: to deliberate.
envisager songer
(transitive) To think of doing.
considérer observer
(transitive) To look at attentively.
prendre
(transitive) To take up as an example.
considérer tenir estimer
To have regard to; to take into view or account; to pay due attention to; to respect.

considerable /kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/ /kənˈsɪdɹəbl̩/ more considerable most considerable adj
considérable
Significant; worth considering.
Large in amount.

considerably /kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/ /kənˈsɪdɹəbli/ more considerably most considerably adv
considérablement largement
Significantly; to a degree worth considering.

considerate /kənˈsɪdəɹət/ more considerate most considerate adj
circonspect réfléchi
Consciously thoughtful and observant (often of other people and their rights, needs, feelings and comfort).
attentif attentionné circonspect prévenant réfléchi
Characterised by careful and conscious thought.

consideration /kənˌsɪdəˈɹeɪʃən/ considerations n
motif raison récompense
considération
The thought process of considering, of taking multiple or specified factors into account (with of being the main corresponding adposition).
The tendency to consider others.

considering /kənˈsɪdəɹɪŋ/ preposition
compte tenu de eu égard à vu étant donné
Taking into account.

consignee /ˌkɒn.saɪˈniː/ consignees n
consignataire destinataire
The person to whom a shipment is to be delivered.

consigner consigners n
expéditeur
(business) The party that provides merchandise for consignment sale.

consignment /kənˈsaɪnmənt/ consignments n
envoi consignation
A collection of goods to be sent, in transit or having been sent.

consilience /kənˈsɪ.li.əns/ consiliences n
consilience
(logic) The concurrence of multiple inductions drawn from different data sets. [from 1840]

consist /ˈkɒn.sɪst/ consists n
rame
(rail transport) A lineup or sequence of railroad carriages or cars, with or without a locomotive, that form a unit.

consist /kənˈsɪst/ v
consister composer
(intransitive, with of) To comprise, or to be composed, formed, or constituted of.

consist in v
consister
To have the thing mentioned as the only or most important part.

consistence /kənˈsɪst(ə)ns/ /kənˈsɪstəns/ consistences n
consistance
(archaic) The physical quality which is given by the degree of firmness, solidity, density, and viscosity; consistency.
cohérence
The staying together, or remaining in close relation, of non-physical things.

consistency /kənˈsɪstənsi/ consistencies n
consistance
The degree of viscosity of something.

consistent /kənˈsɪstənt/ more consistent most consistent adj
constant
Of a regularly occurring, dependable nature. [from late 16th c. in the obsolete sense ‘consisting of’]
conforme
Compatible, accordant.
cohérent
(logic) Of a set of statements: such that no contradiction logically follows from them.

consociationalism n
consociationalisme consociativisme
Political consociation; government through guaranteed group representation.

consolable more consolable most consolable adj
consolable
Able or likely to be consoled.

consolation /ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/ consolations n
consolation consoler
The act or example of consoling; the condition of being consoled.

consolation goal consolation goals n
but pour l'honneur
(sports) A goal scored by the losing team near the end of a game that has no effect on the outcome.

consolation prize consolation prizes n
prix de consolation lot de consolation
An award or small item given to persons or groups of people who do not win an event but are worthy of recognition, especially in a game show.

consolatory /kənˈsoʊl.ə.tɔɹ.i/ /kənˈsɑl.ə.tɔɹ.i/ /kənˈsɒl.ət.(ə)ɹ.i/ more consolatory most consolatory adj
consolatif consolatoire
Which consoles.

console /ˈkɑn.soʊl/ /ˈkɒn.səʊl/ consoles n
console console de jeu
(video games) A consumer device dedicated to playing video games, with the ability to change games.

console /kənˈsoʊl/ /kənˈsəʊl/ v
consoler
(transitive) To comfort (someone) in a time of grief, disappointment, etc.

consoler consolers n
consolateur
One who gives consolation.

consolidate /kənˈsɒlɪdeɪt/ v
consolider
To make stronger or more solid.

consolidation consolidations n
consolidation
The act or process of consolidating, making firm, or uniting; the state of being consolidated

consommé /ˈkɒnsəˌmeɪ/ consommés n
consommé
a clear broth made from reduced meat or vegetable stock, served either hot as a soup or chilled as a jelly

consonance consonances n
consonance
(prosody) The repetition of consonant sounds, but not vowels as in assonance.
(chiefly, music) Harmony; agreement; lack of discordance.

consonant /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/ /ˈkɑns.nənt/ /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/ more consonant most consonant adj
consonant
consistent, harmonious, compatible, or in agreement

consonant /ˈkɑn.sə.nənt/ /ˈkɑns.nənt/ /ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/ consonants n
consonne
(phonetics) A sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the oral cavity; any sound that is not the dominant sound of a syllable, the dominant sound generally being a vowel.
A letter representing the sound of a consonant.

consonant cluster consonant clusters n
groupe consonantique
(phonetics) Two or more consonants in succession.

consonant stem consonant stems n
consonne radicale

consonantal /ˌkɑn.sə.ˈnæn.təl/ /ˌkɑn.sə.ˈnɛn.təl/ /ˌkɒn.sə.ˈnæn.təl/ more consonantal most consonantal adj
consonantique
Of, relating to, or functioning as a consonant.

consort /kənˈsɔɹt/ /kənˈsɔːt/ /ˈkɑnsɔɹt/ /ˈkɒnsɔːt/ consorts n
consort
The spouse of a monarch.
A husband, wife, companion or partner.
navire d'accompagnement
A ship accompanying another.

consortium /kənˈsɔː(ɹ).ti.əm/ /kənˈsɔː(ɹ).ʃəm/ consortia consortiums n
consortium
An association or combination of businesses, financial institutions, or investors, for the purpose of engaging in a joint venture.
A similar arrangement among non-commercial institutions or organizations.
An association or society.

conspecific /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/ /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/ adj
conspécifique
(taxonomy) relating to the same species

conspecific /ˌkɑnspəˈsɪfɪk/ /ˌkɒnspəˈsɪfɪk/ conspecifics n
congénère
An organism belonging to the same species as another.

conspicuous /kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ more conspicuous most conspicuous adj
voyant remarquable qui se remarque aisément visible
Obvious or easy to notice.
qui attire l'attention
Noticeable or attracting attention, especially if unattractive.

conspicuous by one's absence phraseologicalUnit
briller par son absence

conspicuous consumption n
consommation ostentatoire
A public display of acquisition of possessions with the intention of gaining social prestige; excessive consumerism in order to flaunt one's purchasing power.

conspicuously more conspicuously most conspicuously adv
ostensiblement
In a conspicuous manner; noticeably.

conspiracism n
complotisme conspirationnisme

conspiracy /kənˈspɪɹəsi/ conspiracies n
complot conspiration
(legal) An agreement between two or more persons to break the law at some time in the future.
conspiration complot
(loosely) An agreement to work together to bring something about; an act or instance of conspiring.

conspiracy theorist /- ˌθiː.ɘ.ɹɘst/ /- ˌθiː.ə.ɹəst/ /- ˌθɪɚ.əst/ /- ˌθɪɚ.ɪst/ /kɘnˈspɘɹ.ɘ.siː ˌθiə.ɹɘst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.si ˌθi.ɚ.əst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.si ˌθɪəɹɪst/ /kənˈspɪɹ.ə.siː ˌθɪə.ɹəst/ conspiracy theorists n
complotiste conspirationniste
One who believes in, follows, or advances a conspiracy theory.

conspiracy theory /- θiːɘɹiː/ /- θiːəɹi/ /- θiːəɹiː/ /- θɪɹi/ /kɘnˈspɘɹɘsiː θiəɹiː/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi θi.əɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsi θɪəɹi/ /kənˈspɪɹəsiː θɪəɹiː/ conspiracy theories n
théorie du complot
(dismissive, derogatory) Hypothetical speculation that is commonly considered untrue or outlandish.

conspirator /kənˈspɪɹətə/ /kənˈspɪɹətɚ/ conspirators n
conspirateur conspiratrice
One of a group that acts in harmony; a person who is part of a conspiracy.

conspiratorial /kənˌspɪɹəˈtɔːɹɪəl/ more conspiratorial most conspiratorial adj
conspiratoire
Pertaining to conspiracy or conspirators.

conspiratorialism n
conspirationnisme
Belief in conspiracies.

constable /ˈkanstəbəl/ /ˈkɑnstəbəl/ /ˈkɒnstəbəl/ /ˈkʌnstəbəl/ constables n
constable
(UK, law) A police officer or an officer with equivalent powers.
connétable
(historical) An officer of a noble court in the Middle Ages, usually a senior army commander. (See also marshal).
(Channel Islands) An elected head of a parish (also known as a connétable)

constabulary /kənˈstæbjʊləɹi/ constabularies n
gendarmerie
A police force.

constancy /ˈkɑnstənsi/ /ˈkɒnstənsi/ constancies n
constance
(uncountable) The quality of being constant; steadiness or faithfulness in action, affections, purpose, etc.

constant /ˈkɑnstənt/ /ˈkɒnstənt/ more constant most constant adj
constant constante
Unchanged through time or space; permanent.
Consistently recurring over time; persistent.
Steady in purpose, action, feeling, etc.

constant /ˈkɑnstənt/ /ˈkɒnstənt/ constants n
constante constant
(algebra) A quantity that remains at a fixed value throughout a given discussion.
(science) Any property of an experiment, determined numerically, that does not change under given circumstances.
(computing) An identifier that is bound to an invariant value; a fixed value given a name to aid in readability of source code.

constant function constant functions n
fonction constante
(mathematics) A function whose value is the same for all the elements of its domain.

constantly /ˈkɑnstənʔli/ /ˈkɒnstəntli/ more constantly most constantly adv
constamment
In a constant manner; occurring continuously; persistently.
In an unchangeable or invariable manner; in every case.
constamment en boucle
(frequency) Recurring regularly.

constellate v
consteller
(transitive) To fit, adorn (as if) with constellations.

constellation /ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkɑn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃn̩] constellations n
constellation
(modern, _, astronomy) Any of the 88 regions of the sky officially recognized by the International Astronomical Union, including all stars and celestial bodies in the region. [from 1920s]
(astronomy) An arbitrary formation of stars perceived as a figure (especially one from mythology) or pattern, or a division of the sky including it, especially one officially recognized by astronomers; an asterism.
A wide, seemingly unlimited, assortment.

consternate v
consterner
(transitive) To cause consternation in; to dismay.

consternation /ˌkɑn.stɚˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.stəˈneɪ.ʃən/ consternations n
consternation sidération accablement prostration
Amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and incapacitates for reflection; terror, combined with amazement; dismay.

constipate /ˈkɒnstɪˌpeɪt/ v
constiper
(transitive) To cause constipation in.

constipated /ˈkɒnstəpeɪtəd/ more constipated most constipated adj
constipé
Unable to defecate; costive.

constipation /ˌkɒnstɪˈpeɪʃən/ constipations n
constipation
The act of crowding anything into a lesser space, or the state of being crowded or pressed together; condensation.
A state of the bowels in which the evacuations are infrequent and difficult, or the intestines become filled with hardened faeces

constituency /kənˈstɪtju.ənsi/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃu.ənsi/ constituencies n
circonscription électorale circonscription
(politics) A district represented by one or more elected officials.

constituent /kənˈstɪtjuənt/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃuənt/ adj
constituant
being a part, or component of a whole
constitutive or constituting; (politics) authorized to make a constitution

constituent /kənˈstɪtjuənt/ /kənˈstɪt͡ʃuənt/ constituents n
composant
A part, or component of a whole
électeur administré commettant
A resident of an area represented by an elected official, particularly in relation to that official.
constituant
(grammar) A functional element of a phrase or clause

constitute /ˈkɑnstɪt(j)uːt/ /ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/ v
constituer
(transitive) To make up; to compose; to form.

constitution /-ˈtʃuː-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n/ constitutions n
constitution
The act, or process of setting something up, or establishing something; the composition or structure of such a thing; its makeup.
(government) The formal or informal system of primary principles and laws that regulates a government or other institutions.
(law) A legal document describing such a formal system.
(dated) The general health of a person.

constitutional /-stə-/ /ˌkɑnstɪˈt(j)uʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ more constitutional most constitutional adj
constitutionnel
In compliance with or valid under a legal or political constitution.
Relating to a legal or political constitution.

constitutional court constitutional courts n
cour constitutionnelle
a high court whose jurisdiction is focused on constitutional law or constitutional issues, such as the review of the constitutionality of laws, draft laws, political and bureaucratic decisions, acts of political parties, etc.

constitutional law n
droit constitutionnel
(legal) The area of law which deals with the interpretation and application of a constitution, particularly that of a national government.

constitutional monarchy constitutional monarchies n
monarchie constitutionnelle
A monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.

constitutionalism /ˌkɑnstɪˈtuʃənəˌlɪzəm/ /ˌkɒnstɪˈtjuːʃənəˌlɪzəm/ constitutionalisms n
constitutionnalisme
Philosophical belief in government under a written constitution.

constitutionalist constitutionalists n
constitutionnaliste
A person who adheres to the philosophy of constitutionalism.
A person who is expert in constitutional law.

constitutionality constitutionalities n
constitutionnalité
(legal) The status of being constitutional; of being in accord with the provisions of the appropriate constitution.

constitutionalization constitutionalizations n
constitutionnalisation

constitutionalize v
constitutionaliser

constitutionally /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən(ə)li/ more constitutionally most constitutionally adv
constitutionnellement
In accordance with a political constitution.

constitutive /kənˈstɪt͡ʃuˌtɪv/ more constitutive most constitutive adj
constitutif
extremely important, essential
that forms a constituent part of something else

constrain /kənˈstɹeɪn/ v
contraindre astreindre confiner
(transitive) To force physically, by strong persuasion or pressuring; to compel; to oblige.

constraint /kənˈstɹeɪnt/ /kənˈstɹæɪnt/ constraints n
contrainte
Something that constrains; a restriction.
(mathematics) A condition that a solution to an optimization problem must satisfy.

construal /kənˈstɹuːəl/ construals n
interprétation
The act of construing or interpreting; interpretation.

construct /kənˈstɹʌkt/ /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ /ˈkɒn.stɹʌkt/ constructs n
construction
Something constructed from parts.
(genetics) A segment of nucleic acid, created artificially, for transplantation into a target cell or tissue.

construct /kənˈstɹʌkt/ /ˈkɑn.stɹʌkt/ /ˈkɒn.stɹʌkt/ v
construire
(transitive) To build or form (something) by assembling parts.
(transitive, geometry) To draw (a geometric figure) by following precise specifications and using geometric tools and techniques.

construct state construct states n
état construit
(grammar) A noun form associated especially with Afroasiatic languages, but occurring also in Iranian and others; used in construing a nominal with another, particularly for the object of a genitive.

constructed language constructed languages n
langue construite idéolangue
Any language—whether a human language, a programming language, or markup language—that is not a natural language.

constructible adj
constructible
Of a land, suitable or allowable for constructing a building on.
Of a building or other thing, capable of being constructed.

construction /kənˈstɹʌkʃən/ constructions n
construction
The process of constructing.

construction grammar /kənˈstɹʌkʃən ˈɡɹæ.mə(ɹ)/ /kənˈstɹʌkʃən ˈɡɹæ.mɚ/ construction grammars n
grammaire de construction

construction site construction sites n
chantier
A place where a building or other physical structure is under construction. (This entry is a translation hub.)

construction worker construction workers n
ouvrier du bâtiment ouvrière du bâtiment
An employee working on a physical construction site.

constructive /kənˈstɹʌktɪv/ more constructive most constructive adj
constructif
Relating to or causing construction.
Carefully considered and meant to be helpful.
implicite
(legal) Imputed by law; created to give legal effect to something for equitable reasons, as with constructive notice or a constructive trust.

constructivism constructivisms n
constructivisme
(arts) A Russian movement in modern art characterized by the creation of nonrepresentational geometric objects using industrial materials.

constructor /kənˈstɹʌktə/ /kənˈstɹʌktɚ/ constructors n
écurie
(automotive) A company or individual who builds racing vehicles. In Formula One, constructor status is strictly defined by the rules, but in other motorsports the term is merely a descriptor. Depending on the racing rules, some constructors (e.g. Cosworth) may provide vehicles to racing teams who are not themselves constructors, while others are both teams and constructors (Ducati Corse, Scuderia Ferrari).
constructeur
(object-oriented programming) A class method that creates and initializes each instance of an object.

construe /kənˈstɹuː/ /ˈkɒnstəɹ/ v
comprendre expliquer
(transitive) To interpret (something) to another or publicly, explain the meaning (of something), usually language.

consubstantial /ˌkɒnsəbˈstanʃəl/ more consubstantial most consubstantial adj
consubstantiel
Of the same substance or essence.

consubstantiality consubstantialities n
consubstantialité
The quality of being consubstantial.

consul /ˈkɑn.səl/ /ˈkɒn.səl/ consuls n
consul consule
(by extension) An official residing in major foreign towns to represent and protect the interests of the merchants and citizens of their country.

consul-general consul-generals consuls-general n
consul général
A consular officer who heads a consulate general, and is a consul of the highest rank serving at a particular location.

consular adj
consulaire
Of or pertaining to a consul, or the office thereof.

consularly adv
consulairement

consulate /ˈkɑnsələt/ /ˈkɑnsəlɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊlət/ /ˈkɒnsələt/ consulates n
consulat
The term of office of a consul.
The business office of a consul; a minor embassy.

consulate general consulates general n
consulat général
The residence, office, or jurisdiction of a consul general; the base of operations for the highest ranking consul for one nationality in a specific foreign country.

consult /kənˈsʌlt/ /ˈkɑnsʌlt/ /ˈkɒnsʌlt/ v
consulter concerter
(intransitive) To seek the opinion or advice of another; to take counsel; to deliberate together; to confer.
consulter
(transitive) To ask advice of; to seek the opinion of (a person)

consultancy /kənˈsʌltənsi/ consultancies n
cabinet de conseil société de conseil
A consultant or consulting firm.

consultant /kənˈsʌl.tənt/ consultants n
consultant consultante
A person or party that is consulted.
A person whose occupation is to be consulted for their expertise, advice, service or help in an area or specialty; a party whose business is to be similarly consulted.

consultation /ˌkɑnsl̩ˈteɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnsl̩ˈteɪʃən/ consultations n
consultation
The act of consulting.

consultative more consultative most consultative adj
consultatif
That gives advice or consultation; advisory.

consumable consumables n
consommable
A material or product that is produced for consumption.

consume /kənˈsjuːm/ /kənˈsjʉːm/ /kənˈsum/ /kənˈʃuːm/ v
consommer
(transitive) To use up.
(transitive) To eat.
consumer consommer
(transitive) To destroy completely.

consumed adj
dévoré
construed with with Full of, exuding (also figuratively).

consumer /kənˈsjuːmə/ /kənˈsjʉːmə/ /kənˈsumɚ/ /kənˈʃuːmə/ consumers n
consommateur consommatrice
(economics) Someone who trades money for goods or services as an individual.

consumer credit n
crédit conso crédit à la consommation
(banking, economics) Credit extended to an individual for the purchase of consumer goods and services.

consumer good consumer goods n
bien de consommation

consumer price index n
indice des prix à la consommation
(economics) A statistical estimate of the level of prices of goods and services bought for consumption purposes by households.

consumer society consumer societies n
société de consommation

consumerism consumerisms n
consumérisme
An economic theory that increased consumption is beneficial to a nation's economy in the long run.

consummate /kənˈsʌmɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmət/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmət/ /ˈkɒnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəmət/ more consummate most consummate adj
consommé
Complete in every detail, perfect, absolute.

consummate /kənˈsʌmɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɑnsəmət/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsjʊmət/ /ˈkɒnsəmeɪt/ /ˈkɒnsəmət/ v
consommer
(transitive) To bring (a task, project, goal etc.) to completion; to accomplish.
(transitive) To make (a marriage) complete by engaging in first sexual intercourse.

consumption /kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/ consumptions n
consommation
The act of eating, drinking or using.
The amount consumed.
The act of consuming or destroying.
consomption
(pathology) The wasting away of the human body through disease.

consumptive /kənˈsʌmptɪv/ more consumptive most consumptive adj
tuberculeuse tuberculeux
(pathology) Relating to pulmonary tuberculosis.

consumptive /kənˈsʌmptɪv/ consumptives n
tuberculeuse tuberculeux
A person suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis.

contact /kənˈtækt/ /ˈkɑntækt/ /ˈkɒntækt/ contacts n
contact
The act of touching physically; being in close association.
The establishment of communication (with).
(electricity) A device designed for repetitive connections.
contact connaissance
Someone who can be contacted, or with whom one is in communication.
lentille
(informal) A contact lens.

contact /kənˈtækt/ /ˈkɑntækt/ /ˈkɒntækt/ v
toucher
(transitive, occasionally, proscribed) To touch; to come into physical contact with.
contacter
(transitive, occasionally, proscribed) To establish communication with (something or someone).

contact details n
coordonnées
Information on how to contact a person or entity, typically including a telephone number, address etc.

contact juggling n
jonglerie de contact
(juggling) The art of moving a ball or balls over one's body by rolling them, with very few throws.

contact lens contact lenses n
lentille de contact verre de contact
A thin lens, made of flexible or rigid plastic, that is placed directly on to the eye to correct vision, used as an alternative to spectacles, or, if coloured, to change one's eye color cosmetically.

contact person contact people contact persons n
personne de contact

contact sport contact sports n
sport de contact
(sports) An athletic contest which involves a significant amount of physical contact between the participating athletes.

contact tracing contact tracings n
contact tracing recherche des contacts
(epidemiology) The process of identification of persons ("contacts") who may have come into contact with a person carrying an infectious disease.

contagion /kənˈteɪd͡ʒən/ contagions n
contagion
A disease spread by contact.
The spread or transmission of such a disease.
(figuratively, by extension) The spread of anything likened to a contagious disease.
(finance) The spread of (initially small) shocks, which initially affect only a few financial institutions or a particular region of an economy, to other financial sectors and other countries whose economies were previously healthy.

contagious /kənˈteɪdʒəs/ more contagious most contagious adj
contagieux
(of a disease) Easily transmitted to others.
(figurative) Easily passed on to others.
(of a person) Having a disease that can be transmitted to another person.

contagiousness n
contagiosité
The state or condition of being contagious.

contain /kənˈteɪn/ v
contenir
(transitive) To hold inside.
(transitive) To include as a part.
(transitive) To put constraints upon; to restrain; to confine; to keep within bounds.

container /kənˈteɪnə/ /kənˈteɪnɚ/ containers n
conteneur
Someone who contains; something that contains.
(object-oriented programming) An abstract data type whose instances are collections of other objects.
récipient contenant
An item in which objects, materials or data can be stored or transported.
conteneur container
(transportation) A very large, typically metal, box used for transporting goods.

container ship container ships n
porte-conteneurs
(watercraft) A cargo vessel designed to carry cargo prepacked into containers, especially shipping containers.

containerization containerizations n
conteneurisation
The process of containerizing; the use of containers in shipping and transport, especially shipping containers.

containerize v
conteneuriser
(computer, transitive) To run an application in a software container.

containment /kənˈteɪnmənt/ containments n
confinement
(uncountable, countable) A policy of checking the expansion of a hostile foreign power by creating alliances with other states; especially the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War.

contaminate /kənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v
contaminer salir
(transitive) To make something dangerous or toxic by introducing impurities or foreign matter.

contamination /kənˌtæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtæm.ɪˈnæɪ.ʃən/ [kənˌɾ̃æm.əˈneɪ.ʃən] contaminations n
contamination
The process of making a material or surface unclean or unsuited for its intended purpose, usually by the addition or attachment of undesirable foreign substances.

contemplate /ˈkɑn.təmˌpleɪt/ /ˈkɒn.təmˌpleɪt/ v
contempler envisager étudier
To look at on all sides or in all its aspects; to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to meditate on; to study, ponder, or consider.

contemplate one's navel v
se regarder le nombril

contemplation /ˌkɑntəmˈpleɪʃən/ /ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃən/ contemplations n
contemplation
The act of contemplating; musing; being highly concentrated in thought

contemplative /kənˈtɛmplətɪv/ /ˈkɒntəmplətɪv/ more contemplative most contemplative adj
contemplatif
Inclined to contemplate; introspective and thoughtful; meditative.

contemporaneous /kənˌtɛm.pəˈɹeɪ.ni.əs/ /ˌkɒn.tɛm-/ adj
contemporain
Existing or created in the same period of time.

contemporary /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹi/ /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹəɹ.i/ /kənˈtɛm.pəˌɹɛɹ.i/ more contemporary most contemporary adj
contemporain
From the same time period, coexistent in time; contemporaneous.
Modern, of the present age (shorthand for ‘contemporary with the present’).

contemporary /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹi/ /kənˈtɛm.p(ə).ɹəɹ.i/ /kənˈtɛm.pəˌɹɛɹ.i/ contemporaries n
contemporain contemporaine
Someone or something living at the same time, or of roughly the same age as another.

contempt /kənˈtɛmpt/ contempts n
mépris
(uncountable) The state or act of contemning; the feeling or attitude of regarding someone or something as inferior, base, or worthless; scorn, disdain.
outrage
(legal) Open disrespect or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law or legislative body.

contempt of court contempts of court n
outrage au tribunal outrage à la cour
(legal, countable) A particular act of open disrespect for or willful disobedience of the authority of a court of law.

contemptible /kənˈtɛmptəbəl/ more contemptible most contemptible adj
méprisable
Deserving contempt.

contemptuous /kənˈtɛm(p).tju.əs/ /kənˈtɛm(p).tʃu.əs/ /kənˈtɛm(p).tʃəs/ /kənˈtɛmp.t͡ʃu.əs/ more contemptuous most contemptuous adj
dédaigneux contempteur méprisant
Showing contempt; expressing disdain; showing a lack of respect.

contender /kənˈtɛn.dɚ/ contenders n
concurrent rival
Someone who competes with one or more other people.

content /kənˈtɛnt/ contenter more content most content adj
content
Satisfied, pleased, contented.

content /ˈkɑn.tɛnt/ /ˈkɒn.tɛnt/ /ˈkɔn.tɛnt/ contents n
contenu
(uncountable) That which is contained.
Subject matter; semantic information (or a portion or body thereof); that which is contained in writing, speech, video, etc.
(mathematics) The n-dimensional space contained by an n-dimensional polytope (called volume in the case of a polyhedron and area in the case of a polygon); length, area or volume, generalized to an arbitrary number of dimensions.
(algebra, ring theory, of a polynomial with coefficients in a GCD domain) The greatest common divisor of the coefficients; (of a polynomial with coefficients in an integral domain) the common factor of the coefficients which, when removed, leaves the adjusted coefficients with no common factor that is noninvertible.

content /kənˈtɛnt/ v
satisfaire
(transitive) To give contentment or satisfaction; to satisfy; to make happy.

content management system /ˈkɑntɛnt ˈmænɪdʒmənt ˈsɪstəm/ /ˈkɒntɛnt ˈmænɪdʒmənt ˈsɪstəm/ content management systems n
système de gestion de contenu

content word content words n
mot plein mot lexical

contention /kənˈtɛnʃən/ contentions n
discorde dispute litige
Argument, contest, debate, strife, struggle.

contentious /kənˈtɛn.ʃəs/ more contentious most contentious adj
controversé
Marked by heated arguments or controversy.
bagarreur agressif batailleur belliqueux chamailleur combatif
Given to struggling with others out of jealousy or discord.

contentment /kənˈtɛntmənt/ contentments n
contentement
The state or degree of being contented or satisfied.

contents /ˈkɑn.tɛnts/ /ˈkɒn.tɛnts/ n
contenu
(usually, in the plural) That which is contained.

contentwise adv
sur le fond

contest /kənˈtɛst/ /ˈkɑn.tɛst/ /ˈkɒn.tɛst/ contests n
compétition concours
(countable) A competition.

contestable more contestable most contestable adj
contestable
That can be contested.

context /ˈkɑn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɒn.tɛkst/ /ˈkɔn.tekst/ contexts n
contexte
The surroundings, circumstances, environment, background or settings that determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.
(linguistics) The text in which a word or passage appears and which helps ascertain its meaning.

context-sensitive adj
contextuel
(computing, philosophy) Sensitive to context; exhibiting different behaviour depending on a task or situation.

contextual more contextual most contextual adj
contextuel
Of, pertaining to, or depending on the context of information; relating to the situation or location in which the information was found.

contextualization contextualizations n
contextualisation
The act or process of putting information into context; making sense of information from the situation or location in which the information was found.

contextualize v
contextualiser
To place something or someone in a particular context.

contextually more contextually most contextually adv
contextuellement
In a contextual manner; with reference to context

contiguity /ˌkɑn.təˈɡju.ə.ti/ /ˌkɑn.tɪˈɡju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈɡjuː.ɪ.ti/ [ˌkɑn.təˈɡju.ə.ɾi] [ˌkɑn.ɾəˈɡju.ə.ɾi] contiguities n
contiguïté
A state in which two or more physical objects are physically touching one another or in which sections of a plane border on one another.

contiguous /kənˈtɪɡ.ju.əs/ /kənˈtɪɡ.jʉ.əs/ adj
contigu
Connected; touching; abutting.
contigu voisin adjacent
Adjacent; neighboring.
contigu continu attenant
Connecting without a break.

contiguous United States pn
États-Unis contigus
(US, geography) The contiguous continental states area of the United States of America, comprising 48 states in number, and the District of Columbia, excluding Alaska and Hawaii.

continent /ˈkɑnt(ə)nənt/ /ˈkɑntɪnənt/ /ˈkɒntɪnənt/ continents n
continent
Each of the traditional main regions into which the Earth’s land surface is divided, now generally regarded as seven in number, each usually including both an extent of mainland and various conventionally associated islands, etc.

continental /ˌkɑntɪˈnɛntl̩/ /ˌkɒntɪˈnɛntl̩/ more continental most continental adj
continental
Of or relating to a continent or continents.

continental United States pn
États-Unis continentaux
(US, geography) The portion of the United States which is located on the North American continent; the United States exclusive of Hawaii and other overseas territories.

continental drift n
dérive des continents
(geology) The slow movement of continents explained by plate tectonics.

continental shelf continental shelves n
plateau continental
(oceanography) The outer area of a land mass covered by a shallow sea that extends into open ocean.

contingency /kənˈtɪnd͡ʒənsi/ contingencies n
contingence éventualité
(uncountable) The quality of being contingent, of happening by chance. [from 1560s]

contingency plan contingency plans n
plan B
An alternative plan to be put into operation if needed, especially in case of emergencies, or if a primary plan fails.

contingent /kənˈtɪn.d͡ʒənt/ more contingent most contingent adj
contingent hypothétique éventuel
Possible or liable, but not certain to occur.

continuance /kənˈtɪnjuəns/ /kənˈtɪnjʊəns/ continuances n
continuation
(uncountable) The action of continuing.

continuation /kənˌtɪn.jʉˈæɪ.ʃən/ /kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ /kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ [kənˌtɪn.jʉˈæɪ.ʃn̩] continuations n
continuation
The act or state of continuing or being continued; uninterrupted extension or succession

continue /-(j)ɪu̯/ /kənˈtɪnjuː/ v
continuer
(transitive) To proceed with (doing an activity); to prolong (an activity).
(intransitive) To resume.

continued /kənˈtɪnjuːd/ adj
continu
Uninterrupted.

continued fraction continued fractions n
fraction continue
(mathematics, number theory) A compound numerical expression consisting of an integer plus a fraction whose numerator is a positive integer and whose denominator is a continued fraction (an integer plus a fraction), and so on, with finite or infinite recursion.

continuity /ˌkɑːn.tɪˈn(j)uː.ə.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈn(j)ɪu̯.ɪ.ti/ /ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/ continuities n
continuité
Lack of interruption or disconnection; the quality of being continuous in space or time.
(narratology) A narrative device in episodic fiction where previous and/or future events in a series of stories are accounted for in present stories.

continuous /-(j)ɪu̯.əs/ /kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/ adj
continu continuel
Without stopping; without a break, cessation, or interruption.
continu
(analysis, of a function) Such that, for every x in the domain, for each small open interval D about f(x), there's an interval containing x whose image is in D.
(mathematics, more generally, of a function between two topological spaces) Such that each open set in the target space has an open preimage (in the domain space, with respect to the given function).
(grammar) Expressing an ongoing action or state.

continuous function continuous functions n
fonction continue
(analysis) a function whose value at any point in its domain is equal its limit at the same point
(analysis, topology) a function from one topological space to another, such that the inverse image of any open set is open

continuous integration continuous integrations n
intégration continue
(software engineering) The practice of merging all branches to a shared mainline several times a day.

continuously /kənˈtɪnjuəsli/ adv
continuellement
Without pause.

continuously variable transmission continuously variable transmissions n
boite de vitesses à variation continue
(automotive) Any of several forms of automatic transmission, without specific gears, in which the gear ratio may be changed without any noticeable steps.

continuum /-(j)ɪu̯əm/ /kənˈtɪnjuəm/ continua continuums n
continuum
A continuous series or whole, no part of which is noticeably different from its adjacent parts, although the ends or extremes of it are very different from each other.
A continuous extent.

contoid /ˈkɒn.tɔɪd/ contoids n
contoïde
(linguistics) A phonetic consonant, as opposed to a phonological one.

contort /kənˈtɔː(ɹ)t/ v
se contorsionner
(transitive) To twist in a violent manner.

contortion contortions n
contorsion
A form of acrobatic display which involves the dramatic bending and flexing of the human body.

contortionist /kənˈtɔː(ɹ)ʃənɪst/ contortionists n
contorsionniste
An acrobat who is capable of twisting their body into unusual positions.

contour /-tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈkɒntʊə(ɹ)/ contours n
contour
An outline, boundary or border, usually of curved shape.
ligne de niveau
A line on a map or chart delineating those points which have the same altitude or other plotted quantity: a contour line or isopleth.

contour line contour lines n
isobathe
(geography) A line on a map through points of equal elevation, often height above sea level.

contraband /ˈkɑn.tɹəˌbænd/ /ˈkɒn.tɹəˌbænd/ contrabands n
contrebande
(uncountable) Goods which are prohibited from being traded, smuggled goods.

contrabass /ˈkɑn.tɹəˌbeɪs/ contrabasses n
contrebasse
The part or section one octave lower than bass.

contrabassoon contrabassoons n
contrebasson
(musical instruments) A larger version of the bassoon sounding one octave lower, having a technique similar to the bassoon but offers more resistance in every way.

contraception contraceptions n
contraception
The use of a device or procedure to prevent conception as a result of sexual activity.

contraceptive /ˈkɒn.tɹəˌsɛp.tɪv/ more contraceptive most contraceptive adj
contraceptif
That acts to prevent conception as a result of sexual intercourse.

contraceptive /ˈkɒn.tɹəˌsɛp.tɪv/ contraceptives n
contraceptif
A mechanism or means by which conception as a result of sexual intercourse can be prevented or made less likely.

contract /ˈkɑntɹækt/ /ˈkɒntɹækt/ contracts n
contrat
An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement.
(legal) An agreement which the law will enforce in some way. A legally binding contract must contain at least one promise, i.e., a commitment or offer, by an offeror to and accepted by an offeree to do something in the future. A contract is thus executory rather than executed.

contract /kənˈtɹækt/ v
recroqueviller rétracter
(ambitransitive) To draw together or nearer; to shorten, narrow, or lessen.
contracter
(transitive) To gain or acquire (an illness).

contract law n
droit des contrats
(legal) The area of law pertaining to the rights and duties that arise from agreements.

contract of sale contracts of sale n
contrat de vente
(legal) A contract that involves an exchange of goods, services or property to be exchanged from seller (or vendor) to buyer (or purchaser) for an agreed upon value in money (or money equivalent) paid or the promise to pay same.

contraction /kɒn-/ /kənˈtɹækʃ(ə)n/ /kənˈtɹækʃn̩/ contractions n
contraction
(biology, medicine) A shortening of a muscle during its use; specifically, a strong and often painful shortening of the uterine muscles prior to or during childbirth.
A (sometimes reversible) contracting or reduction in length, scope, size, or volume; a narrowing, a shortening, a shrinking.
(economics) A period of economic decline or negative growth.
(linguistics) A process whereby one or more sounds of a free morpheme (a word) are reduced or lost, such that it becomes a bound morpheme (a clitic) that attaches phonologically to an adjacent word.
(orthography) In the English language: a shortened form of a word, often with omitted letters replaced by an apostrophe or a diacritical mark.

contractor /ˈkɒnˌtɹæk.tə(ɹ)/ contractors n
entrepreneur
A person or company that builds or improves buildings.
sous-traitant
A person or company that performs specific tasks like electrical or plumbing work in construction projects.

contractual adj
contractuel
Of, relating to, or enforced by a contract.

contractually adv
contractuellement
By means of a contract

contracture contractures n
contracture
(medicine) An abnormal, sometimes permanent, contraction of a muscle or skin; a deformity so caused.

contradict /kɒn.tɹəˈdɪkt/ v
contredire
To deny the truth or validity of (a statement or statements).
To oppose (a person) by denying the truth or pertinence of a given statement.

contradiction /ˌkɑːntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkʃən/ contradictions n
contradiction
(countable, uncountable) The act of contradicting.
(countable) A statement that contradicts itself, i.e., a statement that claims that the same thing is true and that it is false at the same time and in the same senses of the terms.
(logic, countable) A proposition that is false for all values of its propositional variables or Boolean atoms.

contradiction in terms contradictions in terms n
contradiction
A phrase or expression in which the component words contradict one another, often unintentionally, or are claimed to do so when seen from a particular point of view.

contradictorily more contradictorily most contradictorily adv
contradictoirement
In a contradictory manner

contradictory /ˌkɑntɹəˈdɪktəɹi/ /ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkt(ə)ɹi/ more contradictory most contradictory adj
contradictoire
That contradicts something, such as an argument.
That is itself a contradiction.

contrail contrails n
traînée de condensation traînée blanche traînée de vapeur
An artificial cloud made by the exhaust of jet aircraft or wingtip vortices that precipitate a stream of tiny ice crystals in moist, frigid upper air.

contraindicate v
contre-indiquer
(medicine) To make inadvisable; to warn against a specific medicine or treatment.

contraindication /ˌkɒntɹəɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ contraindications n
contre-indication contrindication
(medicine) A factor or symptom which makes a certain treatment inadvisable, generally or individually.

contralto /kɒnˈtɹæltəʊ/ /kɒnˈtɹɑːltəʊ/ contralti contraltos n
contralto
(music) The lowest female voice or voice part, falling between tenor and mezzo-soprano. The terms contralto and alto refer to a similar musical pitch, but among singers, the term contralto is reserved for female singers; the equivalent male form is counter-tenor. Originally the contratenor altus was a high countermelody sung against the tenor or main melody.

contranym /ˈkɑn.tɹə.nɪm/ /ˈkɒn.tɹə.nɪm/ contranyms n
énantiosème
A word that has two opposing meanings, such as cleave (“stick together” or “split apart”).

contraposition contrapositions n
contraposition contraposée
(countable, logic) The statement of the form "if not Q then not P", given the statement "if P then Q".

contraption /kənˈtɹæp.ʃən/ contraptions n
bidule machin
A machine that is complicated and precarious.

contrapuntal more contrapuntal most contrapuntal adj
contrapuntique
(music) Of or relating to counterpoint.

contrarian /kənˈtɹɛɹi.ən/ contrarians n
anti-conformiste contradicteur
A person who likes or tends to express a contradicting viewpoint, especially one who denounces the majority persuasion, usually because of spite or nonconformity.

contrarily more contrarily most contrarily adv
au contraire contrairement
In a contrary manner; in opposite ways or directions.

contrarious more contrarious most contrarious adj
contraire
(archaic, of persons) Tending to counter, oppose, resist, argue.

contrarotating adj
contra-rotatif contrarotatif

contrary /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/ /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/ more contrary most contrary adj
contraire
Opposite; in an opposite direction; in opposition; adverse.

contrary /kənˈtɹɛəɹi/ /ˈkɑntɹɛɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹi/ /ˈkɒntɹəɹi/ contraries n
contraire contrepied
The opposite.

contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /kənˈtɹɑːst/ /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/ contrasts n
contraste
(countable) A difference in lightness, brightness and/or hue between two colours that makes them more or less distinguishable.
(countable) A control on a television, etc, that adjusts the amount of contrast in the images being displayed.
(uncountable) The degree of this difference.
(countable) A difference between two objects, people or concepts.

contrast /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /kənˈtɹɑːst/ /ˈkɑnt(ʃ)ɹæst/ /ˈkɒntɹɑːst/ v
contraster
(transitive) To set in opposition in order to show the difference or differences between.
(intransitive) To form a contrast.

contrast ratio contrast ratios n
rapport de contraste
(technology) ratio of the luminance of white to that of black of a display. A higher value means a higher contrast of white and black.

contravariance contravariances n
contravariance
(object-oriented programming) The reversal of the order of data types acted upon by an operator.

contravariant adj
contravariant
(category theory, of a functor) which reverses composition
(object-oriented programming) Using or relating to contravariance.

contretemps /kɑːn.tɹə.tɑ̃/ /ˈkɒn.tɹə.tɑ̃ŋ/ contretemps n
contretemps
An unforeseen, inopportune, or embarrassing event.

contribute /kənˈt(ʃ)ɹɪb.juːt/ /kənˈtɹɪb.(j)ət/ /kənˈtɹɪb.jut/ /ˈkɒn.t(ʃ)ɹɪˌbjuːt/ [kənˈtɹɪb.(j)əɾ] v
contribuer
(ambitransitive) To give something that is or becomes part of a larger whole.

contribution /ˌkɑntɹɪˈbjuʃən/ /ˌkɒntɹɪˈbjuːʃən/ contributions n
contribution cotisation
Something given or offered that adds to a larger whole.
contribution contribution financière
An amount of money given toward something.
contribution
The act of contributing.

contributor /-ju-/ /-juː-/ /-jʊ-/ /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tə/ /kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/ /ˈkɒn.tɹɪb.juː-/ contributors n
contributeur
A benefactor; someone who donates to charity or some cause.
contributeur soumissionnaire
A person who produces articles published in a newspaper, magazine, online publication, etc.

contrite /kənˈtɹaɪt/ /ˈkɑnˌtɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒnˌtɹaɪt/ more contrite most contrite adj
contrit
Sincerely penitent or feeling regret or sorrow, especially for one’s own actions.

contrition /kənˈtɹɪʃən/ contritions n
contrition componction
The state of being contrite; sincere penitence or remorse.

contrivance /kənˈtɹaɪ.vəns/ contrivances n
appareil dispositif
A (mechanical) device to perform a certain task; contraption.
stratagème
A means, such as an elaborate plan or strategy, to accomplish a certain objective.

contrive /kənˈtɹaɪv/ v
combiner inventer
To invent, to make devices; to form designs especially by improvisation.

contrived /kənˈtɹaɪvd/ more contrived most contrived adj
forcé affecté artificiel feint
Unnatural, forced; artificial, or unrealistic.

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ controls n
contrôle maîtrise
(countable, uncountable) Influence or authority over something.
commandes contrôle
The method and means of governing the performance of any apparatus, machine or system, such as a lever, handle or button.

control /kənˈtɹoʊl/ /kənˈtɹəʊl/ v
contrôler
(transitive) To exercise influence over; to suggest or dictate the behavior of.

control engineering n
ingénierie de contrôle
(engineering) The subfield of engineering concerned with designing and building controllers and control systems.

control group control groups n
groupe témoin
(in an experiment) The group of test subjects left untreated or unexposed to some procedure and then compared with treated subjects in order to validate the results of the test.

control rod control rods n
barre de commande

control room control rooms n
salle de contrôle
A room serving as the centre of monitoring a building, controlling an operation etc.

control tower control towers n
tour de contrôle
(aviation) An airport building from which the air traffic control unit monitors and directs the movement of aircraft on and around the airport.

controllability controllabilities n
contrôlabilité
The quality or extent of being controllable; controllableness.

controllable more controllable most controllable adj
contrôlable
Able to be controlled; subject to regulation or command.

controlled /kənˈtɹoʊld/ /kənˈtɹəʊld/ more controlled most controlled adj
contrôlé
(medicine, science, research) Resulting from a comparison with control samples; including a comparison (control) group. (describing clinical trials)

controlled atmosphere controlled atmospheres n
atmosphère controllé

controlled substance controlled substances n
substance contrôlée
(officialese, legal) A drug or chemical whose use, possession, manufacture, or sale is regulated or banned by the government.

controller /kənˈtɹoʊlɚ/ /kənˈtɹəʊlə/ controllers n
contrôleur contrôleuse
One who controls something.
contrôleur manette
(business) The chief accounting officer which audits, and manages the financial affairs of a company or government; a comptroller.
contrôleur
(computer hardware) A mechanism that controls or regulates the operation of a machine, especially a peripheral device in a computer.
manette manette de jeu
(video games) A hardware device designed to allow the user to play video games.

contronymy n
énantiosémie
The quality of being a contranym or including contranyms.

controversial /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.si.əl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.sjəl/ /ˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.ʃəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.sjəl/ /ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ /ˌkɔn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/ more controversial most controversial adj
controversé polémique
Arousing controversy—a debate or discussion of opposing opinions.

controversialist controversialists n
controversiste
One who regularly engages in public controversies.

controversy /kənˈtɹɒvəsi/ /ˈkɑntɹəˌvɝsi/ /ˈkɒntɹəˌvɜːsi/ controversies n
controverse polémique
A debate or discussion of opposing opinions; (generally) strife.

contumacious /ˌkɑːn.tjəˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌkɑːn.tʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmeɪ.ʃəs/ more contumacious most contumacious adj
contumace
Contemptuous of authority; willfully disobedient; rebellious.

contumacy /ˈkɒntjʊməsi/ contumacies n
contumace désobéissance
(chiefly, _, Christianity, _, and, _, law) Disobedience, resistance to authority.

contumelious /ˌkɑn.tjuˈmiː.li.əs/ /ˌkɑn.tʊˈmiː.li.əs/ /ˌkɒn.tjʊˈmiː.li.əs/ more contumelious most contumelious adj
contempteur dédaigneux insolent irrespectueux méprisant
(archaic, literary) Rudely contemptuous; showing contumely; exhibiting an insolent or disdainful attitude.

contumeliously more contumeliously most contumeliously adv
contumélieusement

contusion /kənˈtjuːʒən/ /kənˈtuʒən/ contusions n
contusion ecchymose sang extravasé
(medicine, countable) Synonym of bruise.
(medicine, uncountable) Synonym of bruising.

conundrum /kəˈnʌn.dɹəm/ conundra conundrums n
casse-tête énigme problème
A difficult question or riddle, especially one using a play on words in the answer.
dilemme
A difficult choice or decision that must be made.

conurbation /ˌkɑnɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌkɒnəˈbeɪʃən/ conurbations n
conurbation agglomération
A continuous aggregation of built-up urban communities created as a result of urban sprawl.

convallamarin n
convallamarine

convallarin n
convallarine

convection /kənˈvɛkʃən/ convections n
convection
(physics) The transmission of heat in a fluid by the circulation of currents.

convector convectors n
convecteur
A space heater that transfers heat by convection; a radiator

convenience /kənˈvinjəns/ /kənˈviːnɪəns/ conveniences n
convenance
The quality of being convenient.
commodité avantage
Any object that makes life more convenient; a helpful item.
commodités
(chiefly, British) Ellipsis of public convenience: a public lavatory.

convenience store convenience stores n
supérette épicerie dépanneur night shop épicerie de quartier
A small retail store, often in a residential area, that carries a limited selection of items such as staples, junk food, and drugstore items, and which is open long hours for the convenience of shoppers.

convenient /kənˈvinjənt/ /kənˈviːniənt/ more convenient most convenient adj
commode pratique convénient
Serving to reduce a difficulty, or accessible with minimum difficulty; expedient.

conveniently /kənˈvinjəntli/ /kənˈviːnɪəntli/ more conveniently most conveniently adv
commodément à pic à point
In a convenient manner, form, or situation; without difficulty.

convent /ˈkɑn.vɛnt/ /ˈkɒn.vənt/ /ˈkɒn.vɛnt/ convents n
couvent
The buildings and pertaining surroundings in which such a community lives.
(now, _, especially) Synonym of nunnery, a female religious community and its residence.

conventicle /kənˈvɛn(t)ək(ə)l/ /kənˈvɛntɪk(ə)l/ conventicles n
conventicule
A secret, unauthorized or illegal religious meeting.

convention /kənˈvɛn.ʃən/ /ˌkɒnˈvɛn.ʃən/ conventions n
convention
A meeting or gathering.
A formal agreement, contract, rule, or pact.
(international law) A treaty or supplement to such.
A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom.

conventional /kənˈvɛnʃənəl/ more conventional most conventional adj
conventionnel
Pertaining to a convention, as in following generally accepted principles, methods and behaviour.
Ordinary, commonplace.

conventional warfare n
guerre conventionnelle
The waging of war in a manner which does not use nuclear, biological, or chemical weapons.
guerre classique guerre conventionnelle
The waging of war in set military battles, as opposed to waging guerrilla warfare or fighting insurgencies.

conventional weapon conventional weapons n
arme conventionnelle
A weapon of warfare which is not nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological in nature.

conventional weaponry n
armement conventionnel
(military) Destructive implements of warfare which are not nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological in nature.

conventional wisdom conventional wisdoms n
idée reçue sagesse populaire
A belief or set of beliefs that is widely accepted, especially one which may be questionable on close examination.

conventionalism conventionalisms n
conventionnalisme
(uncountable) Adherence to social conventions; conventional behavior.

conventionally /kənˈvɛnʃnəli/ /kənˈvɛnʃənli/ /kənˈvɛnʃənəli/ more conventionally most conventionally adv
conventionnellement
Ordinarily, by convention. See other synonyms at Thesaurus:usually

converb /ˈkɑn.vɝb/ /ˈkɒn.vɜːb/ converbs n
converbe

converge /kənˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ v
converger
(intransitive) (said of two or more entities) To approach each other; to get closer and closer.
(intransitive, mathematics) (said of a sequence or series) To have a (finite, proper) limit.

convergent evolution n
convergence évolutive évolution convergente

convergent series convergent series n
série convergente
(analysis) An infinite series whose partial sums converge.

conversant /kənˈvɜːsənt/ /kənˈvɝsənt/ /ˈkɒnvə(ɹ)sænt/ /ˈkɒnvə(ɹ)sənt/ more conversant most conversant adj
à l'aise
Closely familiar; current; having frequent interaction.

conversation /ˌkɑn.vəɹˈseɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒn.vəˈseɪ.ʃən/ [ˌkʰɑɱ.vɚˈseɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌkʰɒɱ.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩] conversations n
conversation
Expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people; also, a set instance or occasion of such talking. [from 16th c.]

conversational /ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/ more conversational most conversational adj
conversationnel
Of, relating to, or in the style of a conversation; informal and chatty.

converse /ˈkɑnvɝs/ /ˈkɒnvɜːs/ converses n
inverse opposé
The opposite or reverse.
réciproque
(logic) Of a proposition or theorem consisting of a statement of the form "If A is true, then B is true", the statement "If B is true, then A is true" which need not be equivalent to the first one.

converse /kənˈvɜːs/ /kənˈvɝs/ v
converser
(formal, intransitive) To talk; to engage in conversation.

conversely /kənˈvɜːsli/ /kənˈvɝsli/ /ˈkɒnvɜːsli/ adv
inversement à l'inverse
(often, conjunctive) With a reversed relationship.

conversion /-ʒ(ə)n/ /kənˈvɜːʃ(ə)n/ /kənˈvɝʒən/ conversions n
conversion
(law) Under the common law, the tort of the taking of someone's personal property with intent to permanently deprive them of it, or damaging property to the extent that the owner is deprived of the utility of that property, thus making the tortfeasor liable for the entire value of the property.

conversion therapy conversion therapies n
thérapie de conversion thérapie de réorientation sexuelle thérapie réparatrice
(LGBT, pseudoscience) The use of psychiatric or psychological treatment to change the sexual orientation or gender identity of a person; used especially as an attempt to heterosexualize gay people.

convert /kənˈvɜːt/ /kənˈvɝt/ /ˈkɑn.vɚt/ /ˈkɒn.vət/ [kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt] [kʰə̥ɱˈvɝt] [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət] converts n
reconverti
A person who has converted to a religion.
A person who is now in favour of something that he or she previously opposed or disliked.

convert /kənˈvɜːt/ /kənˈvɝt/ /ˈkɑn.vɚt/ /ˈkɒn.vət/ [kʰə̥ɱˈvɜːt] [kʰə̥ɱˈvɝt] [ˈkʰɑɱ.vɚt] [ˈkʰɒɱ.vət] v
convertir
(transitive) To transform or change (something) into another form, substance, state, or product.
(transitive) To change (something) from one use, function, or purpose to another.
(transitive) To exchange for something of equal value.
(transitive) To express (a unit of measurement) in terms of another; to furnish a mathematical formula by which a quantity, expressed in the former unit, may be given in the latter.
(intransitive) To undergo a conversion of religion, faith or belief (see also sense 3).

converter /kənˈvɜːtə/ /kənˈvɝtɚ/ converters n
convertisseur
A person or thing that converts.

convertible /kənˈvɜːtɪbl̩/ /kənˈvɝtɪbl̩/ more convertible most convertible adj
convertible
Able to be converted, particularly:

convertible /kənˈvɜːtɪbl̩/ /kənˈvɝtɪbl̩/ convertibles n
décapotable cabriolet
(vehicles) A convertible car: a car with a removable or foldable roof able to convert from a closed to open vehicle and back again.

convertible mark convertible marks n
mark convertible
The official currency of Bosnia and Herzegovina, abbreviated BAM.

convex /kɑnˈvɛks/ /kɒnˈvɛks/ /kənˈvɛks/ /ˈkɑn.vɛks/ /ˈkɒn.vɛks/ more convex most convex adj
convexe
Curved or bowed outward like the outside of a bowl, circle, or sphere.

convex hull convex hulls n
enveloppe convexe
(mathematics) The smallest convex set of points in which a given set of points is contained.

convexity convexities n
convexité
The state of being convex.

convey /kənˈveɪ/ v
communiquer véhiculer
To communicate; to make known; to portray.
transporter
(obsolete) To carry or take away secretly; to steal; to thieve.

conveyancing /kənˈveɪənsɪŋ/ conveyancings n
cession des droits immobiliers
(legal) The drawing of deeds etc. concerning transfer of property, and the legal execution of such transfers.

conveyor /kənˈveɪə/ /kənˈveɪɚ/ conveyors n
convoyeur
A person that conveys, transports or delivers.
Anything that conveys, transports or delivers.

conveyor belt conveyor belts n
bande transporteuse
A continuous flexible band moved by a series of rollers to transport objects or material from one place to another, especially within a factory or mine.

convict /kənˈvɪkt/ /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ convicts n
criminel détenu
(legal) A person convicted of a crime by a judicial body.
bagnard
A person deported to a penal colony.

convict /kənˈvɪkt/ /ˈkɑnvɪkt/ /ˈkɒnvɪkt/ v
condamner
(chiefly, religion) To convince, persuade; to cause (someone) to believe in (something).

convince /kənˈvɪns/ v
convaincre persuader
To make someone believe, or feel sure about something, especially by using logic, argument or evidence.

convinced /kənˈvɪnst/ more convinced most convinced adj
convaincu
In a state of believing, especially from evidence but not necessarily.

convincing /kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/ more convincing most convincing adj
convaincant probant
Effective as proof or evidence.

convivence n
convivence
coexistence, cohabitation

convoluted /-vəʊ-/ /ˈkɑnvəˌlutəd/ /ˈkɒnvəl(j)uːtɪd/ /ˌkɑnvəˈlutəd/ /ˌkɒnvəˈl(j)uːtɪd/ [-ɾəd] more convoluted most convoluted adj
convoluté circonvolutif
(chiefly, anatomy, zoology) Having numerous overlapping coils or folds; convolute.
alambiqué compliqué tortueux
(figuratively) Complex, complicated, or intricate.

convolution convolutions n
circonvolution
(mathematics, functional analysis) A mathematical operation on two functions that produces a third that expresses how the shape of one is modified by the other; the integral of the product of the two functions after one is reflected about the y-axis and shifted along the x-axis.

convolvulus convolvuli convolvuluses n
convolvulus
(botany) Any of several plants, of the genus Convolvulus, found in temperate climates, having small trumpet-shaped flowers.

convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/ convoys n
convoi
(nautical) One or more merchant ships sailing in company to the same general destination under the protection of naval vessels.
A group of vehicles travelling together for safety, especially one with an escort.

convoy /ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/ v
convoyer
(transitive) To escort a group of vehicles, and provide protection.

convulse /kənˈvʌls/ v
convulser
(intransitive) To suffer violent involuntary contractions of the muscles, causing one's body to contort.

convulsion /kənˈvʌlʃən/ convulsions n
convulsion
(medicine) An intense, paroxysmal, involuntary muscular contraction.

convulsive /kənˈvʌlsɪv/ more convulsive most convulsive adj
convulsif
Having or producing convulsions.

convulsively more convulsively most convulsively adv
convulsivement
In a convulsive manner.

coo /ku/ /kuː/ coos n
roucoulement
The murmuring sound made by a dove or pigeon.

coo /ku/ /kuː/ v
roucouler
(ambitransitive) To make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon.

coochie /ˈkuːt͡ʃi/ coochies n
foufoune
(US, slang) The vagina or vulva.

coochy coochies n
barboutzet chatte con foufoune frifri minou
(slang) Vagina.

cook /kuːk/ /kʊk/ cooks n
cuisinier chef cuisinière cuistot
(cooking) A person who prepares food.

cook /kuːk/ /kʊk/ v
cuisiner cuire faire cuire
(transitive, or, intransitive) To prepare food for eating by heating it, often combining with other ingredients.
cuire
(intransitive, figuratively) To be uncomfortably hot.

cook through v
cuire à cœur

cookbook /ˈkʊkˌbʊk/ cookbooks n
livre de cuisine livre de recettes
A book or an encyclopedia of recipes and cookery tips.

cooked /kʊkt/ more cooked most cooked adj
cuit
Of food, that has been prepared by cooking.

cookie /ˈkuːki/ /ˈkʊki/ cookies n
biscuit
(North America) A small, flat, baked good which is either crisp or soft but firm.
cookie
(UK, Commonwealth) A sweet baked good (as in the previous sense) usually having chocolate chips, fruit, nuts, etc. baked into it.
chatte motte moule poupée
(slang, dated) An attractive young woman.
chatte motte moule
(slang, vulgar) The vulva.

cookie cutter cookie cutters n
emporte-pièce
A device used to cut flattened dough into shapes before baking.

cookiecutter shark cookiecutter sharks n
squalelet féroce
A small shark, Isistius brasiliensis, that tears circular chunks of flesh from its prey.

cooking /ˈkʊk.ɪŋ/ cookings n
cuisine
(uncountable) The process of preparing food by using heat.
art culinaire
(uncountable) The style or genre of food preparation.

cooking apple cooking apples n
pomme à cuire pomme à étuver
Any variety of apple primarily used for making pies, crumbles or sauces.

cooking oil cooking oils n
huile de cuisson
A purified fat taken from plant material that is commonly used in cooking, e.g. olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, etc.

cooking pot cooking pots n
marmite casserole faitout
any vessel (such as a saucepan), with or without a lid, used to cook food

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ cooler coolest adj
looc sympa
frais
Of a mildly low temperature.
Unenthusiastic, lukewarm, skeptical.
cool
Of a color, in the range of violet to green.
(of a person) Not showing emotion; calm and in control of oneself.
(informal) All right; acceptable.
chouette cool
(informal) Of a person, knowing what to do and how to behave; behaving with effortless and enviable style and panache; considered popular by others.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ n
frais
A moderate or refreshing state of cold; moderate temperature of the air between hot and cold; coolness.
calme sang-froid
A calm temperament.

cool /kul/ /kuːl/ v
rafraichir refroidir
(intransitive, literally) To lose heat, to get colder.

cool down v
calmer
To cause (someone) to become less agitated or excited.
refroidir
To cause (something) to become cooler; to reduce the temperature of.

cool one's heels v
faire le poireau poireauter
(idiomatic) To wait, especially impatiently or restlessly.

coolant /ˈkuːlənt/ coolants n
fluide caloporteur réfrigérant
A medium, usually fluid, used to draw heat from an object.

cooler /ˈkuːl.ə(ɹ)/ coolers n
glacière
An insulated bin or box used with ice or freezer packs to keep food or beverages cold while picnicking or camping.

cooler bag cooler bags n
sac isotherme
Insulated bag used to keep food items cool for a limited amount of time (for example on the way from a grocery store to one's house).

coolie /ˈkuːli/ coolies n
coolie
An unskilled Asian worker, usually of Chinese or Indian descent; a labourer; a porter. Coolies were frequently transported to other countries in the 19th and early 20th centuries as indentured labourers.

cooling /ˈkuːlɪŋ/ coolings n
refroidissement
A decrease in temperature.
Refrigeration.

cooling tower cooling towers n
tour de refroissement
A large device, in the form of a tower-shaped building, in which warm water is cooled by evaporation caused by circulating currents of air

cooling-off period cooling-off periods n
délai de rétractation
A length of time in which the two sides to a purchase agreement, or contract can think things over and cancel with no penalty. This period is often stipulated by national law. In the UK it is currently (2008) 14 days. In many countries it is 10 days.

coolness /ˈkuːlnəs/ coolnesses n
frais
(uncountable) The state of being cool, i.e. chilly.

coonhound coonhounds n
chien pour la chasse au raton laveur
(countable) Any of several American breeds of dog originally used in hunting raccoons.

coop /kuːp/ coops n
poulailler
A basket, pen or enclosure for birds or small animals.

coop up v
claustrer enfermer mettre en cage
To confine in a restricted place or situation

cooper /ˈkuːpə(ɹ)/ coopers n
tonnelier
A craftsman who makes and repairs barrels and similar wooden vessels such as casks, buckets and tubs.

cooperate /koʊˈɒpəɹeɪt/ /kuˈɒpəɹeɪt/ v
coopérer collaborer
(intransitive) To work or act together, especially for a common purpose or benefit.

cooperation /koʊˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /kəʊˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ cooperations n
coopération
(usually, uncountable) The act of cooperating.
coopérative
Association for mutual benefit, such as for purposes of production or purchase.

cooperative more cooperative most cooperative adj
coopératif
Ready to work with another person or in a team; ready to cooperate.

cooperative cooperatives n
coopérative
A type of company that is owned partially or wholly by its employees, customers or tenants.

coordinate /koʊˈɔɹdənət/ /koʊˈɔɹdənɪt/ /koʊˈɔɹdəˌneɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪˌneɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnˌneɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdəˌneɪt/ coordinates n
coordonnée
(mathematics, cartography, astronomy) A number representing the position of a point along a line, arc, or similar one-dimensional figure.
coordonnées
(humorous, in the plural) Coordinated clothes.

coordinate /koʊˈɔɹdənət/ /koʊˈɔɹdənɪt/ /koʊˈɔɹdəˌneɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪnɪt/ /kəʊˈɔːdɪˌneɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnɪt/ /ˈkwɔːdɪnˌneɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹdəˌneɪt/ v
coordonner
(ambitransitive) To synchronize (activities).
(ambitransitive) To match (objects, especially clothes).

coordinate clause coordinate clauses n
proposition principale
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

coordinate system coordinate systems n
système de coordonnées
(geometry, analysis) A method of representing the position of any individual point in a space of given dimensionality as a tuple of numerical coordinates.

coordinate term coordinate terms n
cohyponyme
(semantics) A term (word#Noun or noun phrase#Noun) that shares a hypernym#Noun (or hypernymic noun phrase#Noun) with another.

coordinating conjunction coordinating conjunctions n
conjonction de coordination
(grammar) A conjunction that joins two grammatical elements of the same status or construction. It can join subjects, objects, verbs, nouns, adjectives, phrases, and independent clauses. [from 1875–80]

coordination /koʊˌɔɹdɪˈneɪʃən/ /kəʉˌoːdɪˈnæɪʃən/ /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/ coordinations n
coordination
The act of coordinating, making different people or things work together for a goal or effect.
The ability to coordinate one's senses and physical movements in order to act skillfully.
(chemistry) The reaction of one or more ligands with a metal ion to form a coordination compound.

coordinator coordinators n
coordonnateur coordonnatrice coordinateur coordinatrice
One who coordinates.

coot /kuːt/ coots n
foulque
Any of various aquatic birds of the genus Fulica that are mainly black with a prominent frontal shield on the forehead.

cootchie-cootchie-coo interjection
guili-guili
Said when tickling someone to get them to laugh.

cootie /ˈkuːti/ cooties n
microbes

cootie catcher cootie catchers n
coincoin
(informal, US) A form of origami with hidden fortunes, activities, etc. written on the folds, and used mainly in children's games, where a person is asked to choose a fold to open.

cop /kɑp/ /kɒp/ /kɔp/ cops n
flic poulet keuf police
(informal) A police officer or prison guard.

cop out v
se défiler
(idiomatic) To avoid or shirk, either by failing to perform, or by performing in a grossly insufficient, negligent, or superficial manner.

copacetic /kəʊ.pəˈsɛt.ɪk/ /ˌkoʊ.pəˈsɛt.ɪk/ more copacetic most copacetic adj
extra génial super
(US, slang) Fine, excellent, OK, in excellent order.

copal /ˈkoʊpəl/ /ˈkəʊp(ə)l/ copals n
copal
A resinous exudation from various tropical trees, especially Hymenaea courbaril and Schinus terebinthifolia, used chiefly in making varnishes and printing ink.

cope /kəʊp/ copes n
chape pluvial
(liturgy) A long, loose cloak worn by a priest, deacon, or bishop when presiding over a ceremony other than the Mass.
chape
Any covering such as a canopy or a mantle.
(foundry) The top part of a sand casting mold.

cope /kəʊp/ v
débrouiller faire face
(intransitive) To deal effectively with something, especially if difficult.

copernicium /koʊpəɹˈnɪsi.əm/ n
copernicium
The transuranic chemical element (symbol Cn) with atomic number 112.

copier /ˈkɑpiɚ/ /ˈkɒpɪə/ copiers n
copieur
A machine that copies graphical material; a duplicator.
copiste
A person who copies documents.

copilot copilots n
copilote
A backup or assistant pilot of an aircraft.

coping saw coping saws n
scie à chantourner
A thin-bladed saw for cutting wood into curved shapes.

copious /ˈkoʊ.pi.əs/ more copious most copious adj
copieux copieuse
Vast in quantity or number, profuse, abundant; taking place on a large scale.

coplanar /kəʊˈpleɪnə(ɹ)/ adj
coplanaire
(geometry, of at least two things, usually lines or plane figures) Within the same plane.

copolymer copolymers n
copolymère
(chemistry) A polymer derived from more than one species of monomer.

copolymerization copolymerizations n
copolymérisation

copper /ˈkɑ.pɚ/ /ˈkɒ.pə/ /ˈkɔ.pə/ more copper most copper adj
cuivré
Having the reddish-brown colour/color of copper.

copper /ˈkɑ.pɚ/ /ˈkɒ.pə/ /ˈkɔ.pə/ coppers n
cuivre
(uncountable) A reddish-brown, malleable, ductile metallic element with high electrical and thermal conductivity, symbol Cu, and atomic number 29.
flic keuf poulaga poulet
(slang, law enforcement) A police officer.
cuivré cuivre
(countable, dated) Any of various specialized items that are made of copper, where the use of copper is either traditional or vital to the function of the item.

copper shark copper sharks n
requin cuivre
Carcharhinus brachyurus, a species of requiem shark characterized by its narrow, hook-shaped upper teeth, lack of a prominent ridge between the dorsal fins, and plain bronze coloration.

copperas copperases n
copperas
obsolete sulphate compound with one of three metals, zinc, copper or iron

coppersmith coppersmiths n
dinandier chaudronnier
A person who forges things out of copper.

coppice /ˈkɒpɪs/ coppices n
boqueteau taillis
A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes, typically managed to promote growth and ensure a reliable supply of timber. See copse.

coppice /ˈkɒpɪs/ v
rejeter de souche
(intransitive) To sprout from the stump.

copra /ˈkɒ.pɹə/ copras n
coprah
The dried kernel of the coconut, from which coconut oil is extruded.

coprime adj
premiers entre eux
(number theory, of two or more positive integers) Having no positive integer factors in common, aside from 1.
(number theory, of a positive integer) Having no positive integer factors, aside from 1, in common with one or more specified other positive integers.

coprocessor coprocessors n
coprocesseur
(computer hardware) An additional microprocessor used to supplement the functionality of the central processing unit, performing tasks such as floating-point arithmetic (floating-point unit) or graphics calculations (graphics processing unit).

coproducer coproducers n
coproducteur
Any of a group of producers who work together on a coproduction

coproduction coproductions n
coproduction
A production in which two or more people, groups or companies work together.

coprolalia /ˌkɑpɹəˈleɪliə/ coprolalias n
coprolalie
(psychiatry) The uncontrolled use of abusive, obscene or scatological language; especially such behaviour associated with Tourette syndrome.

coprolite coprolites n
coprolithe
A fossil consisting of petrified dung.

coprophagous adj
coprophage

coprophagy n
coprophagie
The eating of feces.

coprophilia coprophilias n
coprophilie
(psychiatry) A marked interest in excrement; especially the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces and defecation.

cops /kɑps/ /kɒps/ /kɔps/ n
bœufs cakes chiens cognes vaches vandames
(slang, with the) The police, considered as a group entity.

copse /kɒps/ copses n
fourré
Any thicket of small trees or shrubs, coppiced or not.

copter /ˈkɑptɚ/ /ˈkɒptə/ copters n
hélico
(informal) A helicopter.

copula /ˈkɑpjələ/ /ˈkɒpjələ/ /ˈkɒpjʊlə/ /ˈkɔpjələ/ copulae copulas n
copule verbe copule
(linguistics, grammar) A word, usually a verb, used to link the subject of a sentence with a predicate (usually a subject complement or an adverbial), that unites or associates the subject with the predicate.

copulate /ˈkɒp.jʊ.leɪt/ /ˈkɒp.jʊ.lət/ /ˈkɔ.pjə.leɪt/ /ˈkɔ.pjə.lət/ v
coïter copuler
(somewhat, _, formal) To engage in sexual intercourse.

copulation /kɒp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ copulations n
copulation
(uncountable) Sexual procreation between a man and a woman or transfer of the sperm from male to female; usually applied to the mating process in nonhuman animals; coitus; coition.

copy /ˈkɑpi/ /ˈkɒpi/ copies n
copie
The result of copying; an identical duplicate of an original.
An imitation, sometimes of inferior quality.
(uncountable) The text of newspaper articles.
(genetics) The result of gene or chromosomal duplication.
exemplaire copie
A printed edition of a book or magazine.

copy /ˈkɑpi/ /ˈkɒpi/ v
copier
(transitive) To produce an object identical to a given object.
(transitive, computing) To place a copy of an object in memory for later use.
imiter copier
(transitive) To imitate.
recevoir
(radio) To receive a transmission successfully.

copy editor copy editors n
correcteur lecteur-correcteur réviseur
Someone who corrects printed material (copy) and prepares it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

copy-paste copy-pastes n
copié-collé
(computing) The action of duplicating (text, an object, etc.) by copying it and later pasting somewhere else.
(chiefly, computing, informal) Material incorporated into another work with minimal or no changes.

copy-paste v
copier-coller
(computing, transitive) To copy (text, an object, etc.) and later paste it somewhere else.

copyable more copyable most copyable adj
copiable
Alternative form of copiable

copycat copycats n
copieur copycat faussaire imitateur
(informal, derogatory) One who imitates or plagiarizes others' work. [from late 19th c.]
A criminal who imitates the crimes of another; specifically, a criminal who commits the same crime, especially a highly-publicized one, that has just or recently been committed by someone else.

copyedit v
corriger
(transitive, printing) To correct the spelling, grammar, formatting, etc. of printed material and prepare it for typesetting, printing, or online publishing.

copying /ˈkɑpiɪŋ/ /ˈkɒpiɪŋ/ copyings n
copiage copie

copyist /ˈkɑpiɪst/ /ˈkɒpiɪst/ copyists n
copiste
a person who makes manual copies of works such as manuscripts or paintings.

copyleft copylefts n
copyleft gauche d'auteur
A software license that follows this philosophy.

copypasta /ˈkɒp.iˌpeɪ.stə/ /ˈkɒp.iˌpæs.tə/ /ˈkɒp.iˌpɑː.stə/ copypastas n
copié-collé
(Internet slang) A block of text which has been copied and pasted from somewhere else, serving as a story or meme. [from 2006]

copyright /ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪt/ copyrights n
droit d'auteur copyright
(uncountable) The right by law to be the entity which determines who may publish, copy and distribute a piece of writing, music, picture or other work of authorship.

copyright /ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪt/ v
copyrighter
(transitive, or, intransitive) To obtain or secure a copyright for some literary or other artistic work.

copywrite v
rédiger
(rare) To write the copy (or text) of an advertisement; to have a job as a copywriter.

copywriter /ˈkɑːpiˌɹaɪɾɚ/ /ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪtə/ copywriters n
concepteur-rédacteur rédacteur
(marketing, advertising) A person who writes advertising copy (the text used in advertisements).

coquetry /ˈkoʊkətɹi/ /ˈkɒkɪtɹi/ /ˈkəʊkətɹi/ coquetries n
coquetterie coquetisme
(countable) An act constituting such behaviour; an affectation of amorous interest or enticement, especially of a woman directed towards a man.

coquette /koʊˈkɛt/ /kɒˈkɛt/ coquettes n
coquette allumeuse
A woman who flirts or plays with people's affections.

coquettish more coquettish most coquettish adj
coquette coquet
Of or relating to a young, flirtatious girl.

coquina /koʊˈkiː.nə/ /kɑˈkiː.nə/ /kɒˈkiː.nə/ coquinas n
coquina
(uncountable, geology) A soft form of limestone made of fragments of shells, sometimes used as a building or road paving material. [from mid 19th c.]

cor anglais /ˌkɔɹ ɔŋˈɡleɪ/ /ˌkɔːɹ ˈɒŋɡleɪ/ cors anglais n
cor anglais
(musical instruments) A double-reed woodwind instrument in the oboe family that is pitched in F, one-fifth lower than the oboe and is consequently approximately one-third longer than the oboe.

cor pulmonale n
cœur pulmonaire
(disease) A change in structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of a respiratory disorder.

coracle /ˈkɒɹəkəl/ coracles n
coracle
(nautical) A small circular or oblong boat made of wickerwork and made watertight with hides or pitch, propelled and steered with a single paddle and light enough to be carried on a person's back.

coral /ˈkɒɹəl/ /ˈkɔɚɹəl/ /ˈkɔɹəl/ adj
corallien
Made of coral.
corail
Having the orange-pink colour of coral.

coral /ˈkɒɹəl/ /ˈkɔɚɹəl/ /ˈkɔɹəl/ corals n
corail
(countable) Any of many species of marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa, most of which build hard calcium carbonate skeletons and form colonies, or a colony belonging to one of those species.
(uncountable) A hard substance made of the skeletons of these organisms.

coral island coral islands n
ile corallienne île corallienne
A type of island formed from coral detritus and associated organic material.

coral reef coral reefs n
récif corallien
A reef formed by compacted coral skeletons

coral snake coral snakes n
serpent corail
About 16 species of Old World coral snakes in three genera (Calliophis, Hemibungarus, Sinomicrurus), some banded.
Any of various venomous snakes of six genera in family Elapidae, many displaying distinctive color bands.

corban corbanot corbanoth corbans n
corban
An offering to God, especially in fulfilment of a vow.

corbel /ˈkɔːbəl/ corbels n
corbeau
(architectural element) A structural member jutting out of a wall to carry a superincumbent weight.

cord /kɔɹd/ /kɔːd/ cords n
corde
(countable) A long, thin, flexible length of twisted yarns (strands) of fiber (a rope, for example).
A unit of measurement for firewood, equal to 128 cubic feet (4 × 4 × 8 feet), composed of logs and/or split logs four feet long and none over eight inches diameter. It is usually seen as a stack four feet high by eight feet long.
cordon
A small flexible electrical conductor composed of wires insulated separately or in bundles and assembled together usually with an outer cover; the electrical cord of a lamp, sweeper ((US) vacuum cleaner), or other appliance.

cordage /ˈkɔːdɪdʒ/ cordages n
cordage
(nautical) A set of ropes and cords, especially that used for a ship's rigging.

cordial /ˈkɔɹ.di.əl/ /ˈkɔɹ.djəl/ /ˈkɔɹ.d͡ʒəl/ /ˈkɔː.di.əl/ /ˈkɔː.dʒəl/ cordials n
sirop
(UK, AU, NZ) A concentrated non-carbonated soft drink which is diluted with water before drinking.

cordially /ˈkɔɹd͡ʒəli/ /ˈkɔːdɪəli/ more cordially most cordially adv
cordialement
In a cordial, warm or friendly manner.

cordierite cordierites n
cordiérite
(mineral) A magnesium iron aluminium cyclosilicate.

cordite /ˈkɔːdaɪt/ cordites n
cordite
A smokeless propellent made by combining two high explosives, nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine, used in some firearm ammunition.

cordocentesis cordocenteses n
cordocentèse
(surgery) The removal of blood from an umbilical cord in utero for testing.

cordon off v
boucler
(transitive) To protect from intrusion by enclosing in a rope barrier.

cordon sanitaire /ˌkɔːdɒn sanɪˈtɛː/ cordons sanitaires n
cordon sanitaire
(public health) A barrier (physical or administrative) to prevent the spread of disease.
(by extension) Any barrier to the spread of anything deemed undesirable.

corduroy /ˈkɔɹdəɹɔɪ/ /ˈkɔːdəɹɔɪ/ /ˈkɔːdɹɔɪ/ corduroys n
velours côtelé
A heavy fabric, usually made of cotton, with vertical ribs.

core /ko(ː)ɹ/ /koə/ /koɹ/ /kɔː/ [kʰo̞ɹ] cores n
centre cœur
The center or inner part of a space or area.
trognon cœur noyau
The central part of a fruit, containing the kernels or seeds.
cœur
A technical term for classification of things denoting those parts of a category that are most easily or most likely understood as within it.
The most important part of a thing or aggregate of things wherever located and whether of any determinate location at all; the essence.
(computer hardware) An individual computer processor, in the sense when several processors (called cores or CPU cores) are plugged together in one single integrated circuit to work as one (called a multi-core processor).
mandrin
(printing) A hollow cylindrical piece of cardboard around which a web of paper or plastic is wound.
noyau
A piece of ferromagnetic material (e.g., soft iron), inside the windings of an electromagnet, that channels the magnetic field.
trognon noyau cœur
(engineering, manufacturing) The portion of a mold that creates a cavity or impression within the part (casting or molded part) or that makes a hole in or through the part.
carotte
A cylindrical sample of rock or other materials obtained by core drilling.

core business n
cœur de métier

core curriculum core curricula core curriculums n
tronc commun

core drill core drills n
carotteuse
A device used to remove a cylinder-shaped sample of material for examination

core inflation core inflations n
inflation sous-jacente
(economics) Inflation excluding the increase or decrease of prices in some transitory sectors (usually food and energy).
(economics, in the Eurozone) Inflation excluding energy, food, alcohol and tobacco prices.

core sample core samples n
carotte
A cylindrical section of a naturally occurring substance, typically obtained by drilling into the substance, for example sediment or rock, with a core drill.

coregency coregencies n
corégence
A monarchical position (such as king, queen, emperor or empress) held by two persons when normally held by only one.

coregent coregents n
corégent
joint ruler or regent

coreopsis coreopses coreopsises n
coréopsis
Any of several composite herbs, of genus Coreopsis, typically with bright yellow flowers.

coresidence coresidences n
corésidence
(anthropology) Living together, sharing a residence, as of an adult child with a parent.

corgi /ˈkɔɹɡi/ /ˈkɔɹɡun/ /ˈkɔːɡi/ /ˈkɔːɡuːn/ corgies corgis corgwn n
corgi
Short for Welsh corgi (“a type of herding dog originating from Wales, having a small body, short legs, and fox-like features such as large ears; two separate breeds are recognized: the Cardigan Welsh Corgi and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi”).

coriander /ˈkɔɹiˌændɚ/ /ˌkɒɹiˈændə/ /ˌkɔɹiˈændɚ/ corianders n
coriandre graine de coriandre
(UK) The annual herb Coriandrum sativum, used in many cuisines.

corium n
corium
(nuclear physics) A lavalike mixture of fissile material created in a nuclear reactor's core during a nuclear meltdown.

cork /kɔɹk/ /kɔːk/ corks n
liège bouchon
The phellem of the cork oak, used for making bottle stoppers, flotation devices, and insulation material.
liège phellème suber
(botany, uncountable) The dead protective tissue between the bark and cambium in woody plants, with suberin deposits making it impervious to gasses and water.
cork
(snowboarding, skiing, skateboarding) An aerialist maneuver involving a rotation where the rider goes heels over head, with the board overhead.
bouchon liège
A bottle stopper made from this or any other material.
bouchon
An angling float, also traditionally made of oak cork.

cork oak cork oaks n
chêne-liège liège
A type of evergreen oak tree, Quercus suber, native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa.

corkage /ˈkɔɹkɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɔːkɪdʒ/ corkages n
droit de bouchon
A fee charged by a restaurant to serve wine that a diner has provided.

corkscrew /ˈkɔɹk.skɹu/ /ˈkɔːk.skɹuː/ corkscrews n
tire-bouchon
An implement for opening bottles that are sealed by a cork. Sometimes specifically such an implement that includes a screw-shaped part, or worm.

corky corkier corkiest adj
bouchonné
Of wine, contaminated by a faulty or tainted cork.

corm corms n
corme
A short, vertical, swollen, underground stem of a plant (usually one of the monocots) that serves as a storage organ to enable the plant to survive winter or other adverse conditions such as drought.

cormorant /ˈkɑm(ə)ɹənt/ /ˈkɔɹməɹənt/ /ˈkɔːməɹənt/ cormorants n
cormoran
Any of various medium-large black seabirds of the family Phalacrocoracidae which dive into water for fish and other aquatic animals, found throughout the world except for islands in the centre of the Pacific Ocean; specifically, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo).

corn /kɔɹn/ /kɔːn/ corns n
cor
A type of callus, usually on the feet or hands.

corn dog corn dogs n
pogo saucisse sur bâtonnet
A hot dog coated in cornbread batter and deep-fried in hot oil.

corn flakes n
flocons de maïs
A breakfast cereal made from toasted flakes of maize.

corn poppy corn poppies n
coquelicot
The common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), of Eurasia.

corn salad n
mâche doucette
Any of the small plants in genus Valerianella, used in salads and as a herb, especially Valerianella locusta.

corn smut corn smuts n
charbon du maïs
A fungus that affects corn (maize), taxonomic name Ustilago maydis, which induces tumors in the plant, known to be eaten as a delicacy.

corn snake corn snakes n
serpent des blés
A species of rat snake, Pantherophis guttatus guttatus (syn. Elaphe guttata guttata.

corn syrup corn syrups n
sirop de maïs
A sticky sweet liquid, consisting of sugars dissolved in water, produced from corn (maize). Used as a sweetener in cooking, especially in commercial kitchens but also in candy making.

corncob /ˈkɔɹn.kɑb/ /ˈkɔɹn.kɒb/ /ˈkɔːn.kɒb/ corncobs n
rafle
The central cylindrical core of an ear of corn (maize) on which the kernels are attached in rows.

corncockle corncockles n
nielle
Any of several species of flowering plants, of the genus Agrostemma, in the Caryophyllaceae family.

corncrake /ˈkɔrnˌkreɪk/ /ˈkɔːnkreɪk/ corncrakes n
râle des genêts roi caille roi des cailles
A bird of the rail family, Crex crex, that breeds in meadows and arable farmland across Europe and western Asia, migrating to Africa in winter.

cornea /ˈkɔː(ɹ)ni.ə/ corneae corneas corneæ n
cornée
(anatomy) The transparent layer making up the outermost front part of the eye, covering the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.

corned beef corned beefs n
corned-beef
Smoke-cured and salted beef.

cornein corneins n
cornéine

cornel cornels n
cornouiller
Any tree or shrub of the dogwood subgenera, Cornus subg. Arctocrania (syn. Cornus subg. Chamaepericlymenum) or Cornus subg. Cornus, especially Cornus mas, the European cornel.
cornouille
The cherry-like fruit of such plants, certain of which are edible.

corner /ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ corners n
coin
The space in the angle between converging lines or walls which meet in a point.
A secret or secluded place; a remote or out of the way place; a nook.
coin angle
An intersection of two streets; any of the four outer points off the street at that intersection.

corner /ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ v
acculer piéger
(transitive) To trap in a position of great difficulty or hopeless embarrassment.
cornériser négocier un prix de gros
(finance, business, transitive) To get sufficient command of (a stock, commodity, etc.), so as to be able to manipulate its price.
rencogner tourner
(automotive, transitive) To turn a corner or drive around a curve.
manœuvrer
(automotive, intransitive) To handle while moving around a corner in a road or otherwise turning.

corner flag corner flags n
drapeau de coin
(sports) Each of the flags that denotes the corner of the field of play.

corner kick corner kicks n
coup de pied de coin corner coup de coin
(soccer) A kick awarded to the attacking team when the ball leaves the field of play by wholly crossing the goal line without a goal having been scored, having last touched a player from the defending team. For the kick, the ball is placed within the corner arc closest to where it went out of play.

corner of the mouth corners of the mouth n
commissure des lèvres
The side of the mouth where the upper and lower lips join.

cornerstone cornerstones n
pierre angulaire pierre d'angle
A stone forming the base at the corner of a building.
(figuratively) That which is prominent, fundamental, noteworthy, or central.
pierre angulaire première pierre
Such a stone used ceremonially, often inscribed with the architect's and owner's names, dates and other details.

cornet /kɔɹˈnɛt/ /ˈkɔːnɪt/ cornets n
cornet cornet à pistons
A musical instrument of the brass family, slightly smaller than a trumpet, usually in the musical key of B-flat.
cornet
A piece of paper twisted to be used as a container.
A pastry shell to be filled with ice-cream, hence (UK, dated) an ice cream cone.
cornette
(historical) The fifth commissioned officer in a cavalry troop, who carried the colours (equivalent to the ensign in infantry).

cornetist cornetists n
cornettiste

cornett /kɔɹˈnɛt/ /kɔːˈnɛt/ /ˈkɔːnɪt/ cornetts n
cornet à bouquin
(musical instruments) An early horn wind instrument used in European music of the medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Not to be confused with later brass instrument.

cornfield /ˈkɔɹnˌfild/ /ˈkɔːnfiːld/ cornfields n
champ de blé
A field of corn, wheat or other cereal crop

cornflower /ˈkɔɹnˌflaʊ.ɚ/ cornflowers n
bleuet centaurée bleuet aubifoin
A small annual plant in the family Asteraceae, Centaurea cyanus, usually with bushy blue flowers which grows natively in European cornfields (i.e. wheatfields).

cornflower blue adj
bleu bleuet bleu barbeau

cornice cornices n
corniche
(architectural element) A horizontal architectural element of a building, projecting forward from the main walls, originally used as a means of directing rainwater away from the building's walls.
(geography, mountaineering) An overhanging edge of snow on a ridge or the crest of a mountain and along the sides of gullies.

cornmeal cornmeals n
farine de maïs
Dried corn (maize) milled (ground) to a coarse meal.

cornrow cornrows n
tresse africaine
(chiefly, in plural) One of a set of rows of tightly braided hair close to the scalp, forming a hairstyle, of African origin.

cornstarch cornstarches n
maïzena
A very fine starch powder derived from corn (maize) used in cooking as a thickener, to keep things from sticking, or as an anti-caking agent.

cornucopia /ˌkɔɹ.njəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔɹ.nəˈkoʊ.pi.ə/ /ˌkɔː.njəˈkəʊ.pi.ə/ cornucopiae cornucopias cornucopiæ n
corne d'abondance
(Greek mythology) A goat's horn endlessly overflowing with fruit, flowers and grain; or full of whatever its owner wanted: or, an image of a such a horn, either in two or three dimensions.
An abundance or plentiful supply.

corny /ˈkɔɹni/ /ˈkɔːni/ cornier corniest adj
banal dégoulinant kitsch sirupeux
Hackneyed or excessively sentimental.
banal
(obsolete) Producing corn or grain; furnished with grains of corn.

corolla /kəˈɹoʊlə/ /kəˈɹɑlə/ /kəˈɹɒlə/ /kəˈɹəʊlə/ corollae corollas corollæ n
corolle
(botany) An outermost-but-one whorl of a flower, composed of petals, when it is not the same in appearance as the outermost whorl (the calyx); it usually comprises the petal, which may be fused.

corollarily adv
corollairement

corollary /kɒˈɹɒləɹi/ /kɔˈɹoʊˌlɛɹi/ /ˈkɒɹələɹi/ /ˈkɔɹəˌlɛɹi/ corollaries n
corollaire corolaire
(mathematics, logic) A proposition which follows easily from the proof of another proposition.

corona /kəˈɹoʊ.nə/ /kəˈɹəʊ.nə/ coronae coronas coronæ n
couronne
The circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males.
The luminous plasma atmosphere of the Sun (the solar corona) or other star, extending millions of kilometres into space, most easily seen during a total solar eclipse.

corona glandis /kəˈɹəʊnə ˈɡlændɪs/ coronae glandis coronae glandum n
couronne balanique couronne du gland

corona glandis penis /kəˈɹəʊnə ˈɡlændɪs ˈpiːnɪs/ coronae glandis penis coronae glandum penium n
couronne du gland du pénis

coronach /kɒɹənək/ /kɒɹənəx/ coronachs n
coronach
(historical, Scotland, Ireland) A dirge or lamentation.

coronal /kəˈɹoʊnəl/ /kəˈɹəʊnəl/ /ˈkɑɹənəl/ /ˈkɒɹənəl/ /ˈkɔɹənəl/ more coronal most coronal adj
coronal
(phonetics) Relating to a sound made with the tip or blade of the tongue.

coronal /kəˈɹoʊnəl/ /kəˈɹəʊnəl/ /ˈkɑɹənəl/ /ˈkɒɹənəl/ /ˈkɔɹənəl/ coronals n
coronale
(phonetics) A consonant produced with the tip or blade of the tongue.

coronal mass ejection coronal mass ejections n
éjection de masse coronale
(astronomy) A massive burst of solar wind, other light isotope plasma, and magnetic fields rising above the solar corona or being released into space.

coronary artery coronary arteries n
artère coronaire coronaire
(anatomy, cardiology) An artery arising from aorta.

coronary sinus coronary sinuses n
sinus coronaire
(anatomy) A large collection of veins in the heart wall that collects blood from the myocardium and empties into the right atrium.

coronary thrombosis n
thrombose coronaire
(cardiology, pathology) Thrombosis of a coronary artery, that is, a blockage, caused by a blood clot, of the blood flow in a coronary artery of the heart, leading to myocardial infarction.

coronasceptic coronasceptics n
coronasceptique
A person who believes Covid-19 is not real or is not a serious problem.

coronation /kɒɹəˈneɪʃn̩/ /ˌkɑ-/ /ˌkɔɹəˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ coronations n
couronnement
(specifically, also, attributively) An act or the ceremony of formally investing a sovereign or the sovereign's consort with a crown and other insignia of royalty, on or shortly after their accession to the sovereignty.

coronavirus /kəˈɹoʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ /kəˈɹəʊnəˌvaɪɹəs/ coronaviruses n
coronavirus
(virology) A member of the family Coronaviridaews, comprising viruses which infect animals and human beings, and the genome of which consists of a single strand of RNA. [from 1968]

coronene coronenes n
coronène

coroner /ˈkɑɹ.ə.nɚ/ /ˈkɒ.ɹə.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔɹ.ə.nɚ/ /ˈkɹaʊnə(ɹ)/ coroners n
coroner médecin légiste
(Commonwealth, Japan, legal) A public official who presides over an inquest into unnatural deaths, and who may have (or historically had) additional powers such as investigating cases of treasure trove.

coronet /kɒɹəˈnɛt/ /kɔɹəˈnɛt/ /ˈkɒɹənɪt/ /ˈkɔɹənɪt/ coronets n
couronne
The ring of tissue between a horse's hoof and its leg.

corporal /ˈkoɹ.pɚ.əl/ /ˈkoɹ.pɹəl/ /ˈkɔː.pɜ.ɹəl/ /ˈkɔː.pɹəl/ corporals n
caporal
(military) A non-commissioned officer army rank with NATO code OR-4. The rank below a sergeant but above a lance corporal and private.
corporal
(ecclesiastical) The white linen cloth on which the elements of the Eucharist are placed; a communion cloth.

corporal punishment /ˌkɔː.pəɹ.əl ˈpʌn.ɪʃ.mənt/ corporal punishments n
châtiment corporel
A form of punishment achieved by inflicting blows to the offender's body.

corporate /ˈkɔɹ.pəɹ.eɪt/ /ˈkɔɹ.pəɹ.ət/ /ˈkɔɹ.pɹət/ /ˈkɔː.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/ /ˈkɔː.pɹət/ more corporate most corporate adj
corporatif
Of or relating to a corporation.

corporatespeak n
jargon [[d']]entreprise
(informal, derogatory) The jargon used within business and corporations.

corporation /ˈkɔːpəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌkɔɹpəˈɹeɪʃən/ corporations n
société anonyme corporation
A body corporate, created by law or under authority of law, having a continuous existence independent of the existences of its members, and powers and liabilities distinct from those of its members.

corporatism corporatisms n
corporatisme
The principle or practice of corporate action; (in later use, _, chiefly) specifically, a political ideology which advocates for government and social organization by collective interest groups.

corporeality corporealities n
corporalité corporéité
(uncountable) The state of being or having a body (being corporal/corporeal); bodily existence.

corps /ko(ː)ɹ/ /ko(ː)ɹz/ /koə/ /koəz/ /koɹ/ /koɹz/ /kɔː/ /kɔːz/ [kʰo̞ɹ] [kʰo̞ɹz] corps n
corps
(military) A battlefield formation composed of two or more divisions.

corpse /koɹps/ /koːps/ /kɔːps/ /kɔːɹps/ [kʰo̞ɹps] n
cadavre corps corps sans vie
A dead body.

corpulence /ˈkɔː(ɹ)pjʊləns/ corpulences n
corpulence
The characteristic or state of being corpulent.

corpulent /ˈkoɹpjəlɪnt/ /ˈkɔːpjələnt/ /ˈkɔːpjʊlənt/ more corpulent most corpulent adj
corpulent
Large in body; fat; overweight.

corpus /ˈkɔɹpəs/ /ˈkɔːpəs/ corpi corpora corpuses corpusses n
corpus
(specifically, linguistics) Such a collection in form of an electronic database used for linguistic analyses.

corpus callosum corpora callosa n
corps calleux mésolobe
(neuroanatomy) In mammals, a broad band of nerve fibres that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

corpus cavernosum corpora cavernosa n
corps caverneux
(anatomy) One of the pair of cylindrical columns of erectile tissue that form the bulk of the clitoris and penis.

corpus delicti corpora delicti n
corps du délit
(legal) The evidence that a crime has occurred.

corpus spongiosum corpora spongiosa n
corps spongieux
(anatomy) The mass of spongy erectile tissue surrounding the male urethra within the penis.

corpuscle /ˈkɔɹˌpʌsəl/ /ˈkɔːˌpʌsəl/ corpuscles n
corpuscule
A minute particle; an atom; a molecule.

corral /kəˈɹæl/ /kəˈɹɑːl/ corrals n
corral
An enclosure for livestock, especially a circular one.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ more correct most correct adj
correct
Free from error; true; accurate; astute.

correct /kəˈɹɛkt/ v
corriger
(transitive) To make something that was wrong become right; to remove error from.

correcting fluid correcting fluids n
correcteur liquide
An opaque fast-drying liquid used to cover a mistake written or typed on a piece of paper.

correction /kəˈɹɛkʃən/ corrections n
correction
The act of correcting.
(chiefly, in plural) Punishment that is intended to rehabilitate an offender.
An amount or quantity of something added or subtracted so as to correct.
correction rectification
A substitution for an error or mistake.

correction fluid correction fluids n
blanco correcteur liquide tipex
A white, opaque fluid, applied to paper to mask textual errors; used especially to mask errors in typing so that corrections may be overtyped.

correction tape correction tapes n
ruban correcteur tipex
An opaque white tape that can be placed against paper and transferred by pressure in order to blank out a mistake; an alternative to correction fluid that does not need time to dry.

corrective /kəˈɹɛktɪv/ adj
correcteur
Of or pertaining to correction; serving to correct.

corrective rape corrective rapes n
viol correctif
The act of raping someone because of their perceived sexual orientation or gender identity in an attempt to force the person to be heterosexual or to enforce gender stereotypes.

correctly /kəˈɹɛk(t)li/ more correctly most correctly adv
correctement
In a correct manner.

correctness correctnesses n
conformité, exactitude
freedom from error
véracité
conformity to the truth or to fact

correlate /ˈkɑɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɑɹələt/ /ˈkɒɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɒɹələt/ /ˈkɔɹəleɪt/ /ˈkɔɹələt/ v
corréler
(transitive) To compare things and bring them into a relation having corresponding characteristics.
(intransitive) To be related by a correlation; to be correlated.

correlation /ˌkɑ.ɹəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɒɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌkɔɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ correlations n
corrélation
A reciprocal, parallel or complementary relationship between two or more comparable objects.
(statistics) One of the several measures of the linear statistical relationship between two random variables, indicating both the strength and direction of the relationship.

correspond /ˌkɑɹəˈspɑnd/ /ˌkɒɹəˈspɒnd/ /ˌkɔɹəˈspɑnd/ v
correspondre
(intransitive, constructed with to) To be equivalent or similar in character, quantity, quality, origin, structure, function etc.
(intransitive, constructed with with) to exchange messages, especially by postal letter, over a period of time.

correspondence /ˌkɑ.ɹəˈspɑn.dəns/ /ˌkɒɹ.əˈspɒn.dəns/ /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dəns/ /ˌkɔɹ.əˈspɑn.dəns/ correspondences n
correspondance
(uncountable) Reciprocal exchange of civilities, especially conversation between persons by means of letters.
(countable, or, uncountable) Postal or other written communications.
(countable) An agreement of situations or objects with an expected outcome.
correspondance chronique
(uncountable) Newspaper or news stories.

correspondent /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dənt/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈspɑn.dənt/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈspɔn.dənt/ correspondents n
correspondant correspondante
A journalist who sends reports back to a newspaper or radio or television station from a distant or overseas location.

corresponding /ˌkɑɹəˈspɑndɪŋ/ /ˌkɒɹəˈspɒndɪŋ/ /ˌkɔɹəˈspɑndɪŋ/ more corresponding most corresponding adj
correspondant
that have a similar relationship

correspondingly adv
conformément
In a corresponding manner; conformably.

corridor /-də/ /ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/ /ˈkɔɹədɚ/ /ˈkɔɹəˌdɔɹ/ corridors n
couloir corridor
A narrow hall or passage with rooms leading off it, as in a building or in a railway carriage.
A restricted tract of land that allows passage between two places.
couloir aérien
Airspace restricted for the passage of aircraft.

corridors of power n
allées du pouvoir avenues du pouvoir

corrie /ˈkɒɹi/ corries n
cirque
(Scotland) A bowl-shaped geographical feature formed by glaciation.

corrigendum /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈdʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈd͡ʒɛn.dəm/ /ˌkɔɹ.ɪˈɡɛn.dəm/ corrigenda n
coquille erratum
An error that is to be corrected in a printed work after publication.

corroborate /kəˈɹɑbəɹeɪ̯t/ /kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/ v
corroborer
(transitive) To confirm or support something with additional evidence; to attest or vouch for.

corrode /kəˈɹoʊd/ /kəˈɹəʊd/ [kəˈɹoʊ̯d] [kɚˈ(ɹ)oʊ̯d] v
rouiller éroder
(transitive) To consume; to wear away; to prey upon; to impair.
corroder
(intransitive) To have corrosive action; to be subject to corrosion.

corrodible more corrodible most corrodible adj
corrodable
Readily corroded

corrosion /kəˈɹoʊʒən/ /kəˈɹəʊʒən/ corrosions n
corrosion
The act of corroding or the condition so produced.
(chemistry) Erosion by chemical action, especially oxidation.
(by extension) The gradual destruction or undermining of something.

corrosive /kəˈɹəʊsɪv/ more corrosive most corrosive adj
corrosif
Eating away; having the power of gradually wearing, hanging, or destroying the texture or substance of a body; as the corrosive action of an acid.

corrugated adj
ondulé
Marked with parallel folds, ridges or furrows.

corrugated iron n
tôle ondulée
An iron sheet building material, usually galvanised, which has been pressed into corrugations.

corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/ more corrupt most corrupt adj
corrompu dévoyé
In a depraved state; debased; perverted; morally degenerate; weak in morals.

corrupt /kəˈɹʌpt/ v
corrompre
(transitive) To make corrupt; to change from good to bad; to draw away from the right path; to deprave; to pervert.

corrupted /kəˈɹʌptɪd/ more corrupted most corrupted adj
corrompu
Marked by immorality and perversion; depraved.

corruptible more corruptible most corruptible adj
corruptible
(of a person) bribable, that can be bought

corruption /kəˈɹʌpʃən/ corruptions n
corruption pourriture
The act of corrupting or of impairing integrity, virtue, or moral principle; the state of being corrupted or debased; loss of purity or integrity.
corruption concussion
Unethical administrative or executive practices (in government or business), including bribery (offering or receiving bribes), conflicts of interest, nepotism, and so on.

corsac fox corsac foxes n
renard corsac renard des steppes
a medium-sized Asiatic fox, of species Vulpes corsac.

corsage /kɔɹˈsɑʒ/ /kɔːˈsɑːʒ/ corsages n
corsage petit bouquet
A small bouquet of flowers, originally worn attached to the bodice of a woman's dress.

corsair /ˈkɔːrsɛər/ corsairs n
corsaire pirate
A privateer or pirate in general.
corsaire
The ship of privateers or pirates, especially of French nationality.

corselet /ˈkɔːslət/ corselets n
combiné
A type of women's underwear, combining a bra and a girdle in one garment; a corselette.

corseque corseques n
corsèque
A pole weapon with a spike and two lateral blades on a shaft.

corset /ˈkɔː(ɹ).sɪt/ corsets n
corset
A woman's foundation garment, reinforced with stays, that supports the waistline, hips and bust.

cortege /kɔɹˈtɛʒ/ /ˈkɔɹ.tɛʒ/ corteges n
cortège
A ceremonial procession, especially for a wedding or funeral or following a monarch.

cortex /ˈkɔɹtɛks/ /ˈkɔːtɛks/ cortexes cortices n
cortex
(countable, anatomy) The outer layer of an internal organ or body structure, such as the kidney or the brain.
(uncountable, botany) The tissue of a stem or root that lies inward from the epidermis, but exterior to the vascular tissue.

corticosteroid corticosteroids n
corticostéroïde
(steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroid hormones, secreted by the adrenal cortex, that are involved in a large range of physiological systems.

cortisol /ˈkɔɹ.tɪˌsɔl/ /ˈkɔː.tɪ.sɒl/ cortisols n
cortisol

cortisone /ˈkɔɹ.tɪˌsoʊn/ /ˈkɔː.tɪ.zəʊn/ cortisones n
cortisone
(steroid hormone, pharmaceutical drug) A corticosteroid hormone, closely related to corticosterone, produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and antiallergy agent. 17-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone, with formula C21H28O5.

corundum /kəˈɹʌn.dəm/ corundums n
corindon
(mineral) An extremely hard mineral, a form of aluminum oxide with the chemical formula Al2O3, that occurs in the form of the gemstones sapphire and ruby; it is used as an abrasive.

coruscation /ˌkɒɹəsˈkeɪʃən/ coruscations n
coruscation fulgurance
A sudden display of brilliance; a flashing of light; a sparkle.

corvee /kɔːɹˈveɪ/ /ˈkɔːveɪ/ corvees n
corvée
Unpaid labor required by a feudal lord.
Labor, especially for roads or dams, in lieu of taxes.

corvette /kɔːɹ.ˈvɛt/ corvettes n
corvette
(nautical, historical) A flush-decked warship of the 17th-18th centuries having a single tier of guns; it ranked next below a frigate; – called in the United States navy a sloop of war.
(nautical) In a modern navy, a lightly armed and armoured blue water warship, smaller than a frigate, capable of transoceanic duty.

corvid /ˈkɔɹvɪd/ corvids n
corvidé
A member of the bird family Corvidae, including crows, ravens, jays, choughs, treepies etc.

corvine more corvine most corvine adj
corvide
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of crows or ravens.

corymb /ˈkɒɹɪmb/ corymbs n
corymbe
(botany) A cluster of flowers with a flat or convex top.

coryphée /-ɹə-/ /kɑɹɪˈfeɪ/ /kɒɹɪˈfeɪ/ coryphées n
coryphée
(ballet) A ballet dancer ranking above a member of the corps de ballet and below a soloist.

coryza /kəˈɹɑɪ̯.zə/ coryzae coryzas coryzæ n
coryza
(pathology) Inflammation of the mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity, usually causing a running nose, nasal congestion and loss of smell.

cosecant /ˈkoʊˌsiːkənt/ cosecants n
cosécante
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the sine of an angle. Symbols: cosec, csc

cosign /ˈkoʊ.saɪn/ /ˈkəʊ.saɪn/ v
cosigner
To sign a document jointly with another person, sometimes as an endorsement.

cosignatory cosignatories n
cosignataire
Any of several people who sign a document together (especially a treaty)

cosine /ˈkoʊ.saɪn/ /ˈkəʉ.sɑɪn/ /ˈkəʊ.saɪn/ cosines n
cosinus
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse. Symbol: cos

cosmeceutical cosmeceuticals n
cosméceutique

cosmetic /kɑzˈmɛtɪk/ /kɒzˈmɛtɪk/ cosmetics n
cosmétique cosmétiques
Any substances applied to enhance the external color or texture of the skin, e.g. lipstick, eyeshadow, eyeliner; makeup.

cosmetic surgeon cosmetic surgeons n
chirurgien cosmétique chirurgien esthéticien chirurgien esthétique chirurgienne cosmétique chirurgienne esthéticienne chirurgienne esthétique
A surgeon who performs cosmetic surgery

cosmetic surgery cosmetic surgeries n
chirurgie cosmétique chirurgie esthétique
Surgery (and related medical treatment) to improve appearance rather than for health reasons.

cosmetics n
cosmétique
The study of such products.

cosmetologist cosmetologists n
esthéticien esthéticienne visagiste
A person who advises people (normally women) on cosmetics and other beauty treatments; a beautician.

cosmic /ˈkɒz.mɪk/ more cosmic most cosmic adj
cosmique
Of or from or pertaining to the cosmos or universe.

cosmic dust n
poussière cosmique
Dust which exists in outer space or has fallen from outer space to Earth.

cosmic microwave background n
fond diffus cosmologique

cosmic ray cosmic rays n
rayon cosmique
(astronomy) An energetic particle originating outside our solar system.
(astronomy) Cosmic radiation: a stream of cosmic rays.

cosmo- prefix
cosmo-
universe, world

cosmochemistry n
cosmochimie
The branch of chemistry that deals with the creation of the elements, and their isotopic distribution, in the universe; also with the synthesis and reactions of simple molecules in interstellar space.

cosmocracy cosmocracies n
cosmocratie
rulership of the world; a global government

cosmodicy cosmodicies n
cosmodicée
A justification of the fundamental goodness of the universe, especially in regard to the existence of evil and suffering in the world; a work or discourse justifying the ways of the universe.

cosmodrome cosmodromes n
cosmodrome base de lancement
A site for launching spacecraft, usually in reference to such Soviet or Russian built sites as the Baikonur, Kazakhstan and Plesetsk, Russia cosmodromes.

cosmogonic adj
cosmogonique
Of or pertaining to cosmogony.

cosmogony /kɑzˈmɑ.ɡə.ni/ /kɒzˈmɒɡ.ə.ni/ /kɔzˈmɔɡ.ə.ni/ cosmogonies n
cosmogonie
The study of the origin, and sometimes the development, of the universe or the solar system, in astrophysics, religion, and other fields.

cosmographer /kɒzˈmɒɡɹəfə/ cosmographers n
cosmographe

cosmological adj
cosmologique
Of or pertaining to cosmology, or to the overall structure of the universe

cosmologist cosmologists n
cosmologiste cosmologue
A person who studies cosmology.

cosmology cosmologies n
cosmologie
The study of the physical universe, its structure, dynamics, origin and evolution, and fate.
A metaphysical study into the origin and nature of the universe.

cosmonaut /ˈkɒzməˌnɔːt/ cosmonauts n
cosmonaute
An astronaut, especially a Russian or Soviet one.

cosmopolitan /ˌkɑz.məˈpɑl.ɪ.tən/ /ˌkɒz.məˈpɒl.ɪ.tən/ more cosmopolitan most cosmopolitan adj
cosmopolite
(of a place, or, institution) Composed of people from all over the world.
(of a person) At ease in any part of the world; familiar with many cultures.
(biology, ecology) Growing or living in many parts of the world; widely distributed.

cosmopolitanism /ˌkɑzməˈpɑlɪtənɪzm̩/ cosmopolitanisms n
cosmopolitisme
The idea that all of humanity belongs to a single moral community.

cosmopolite /kɑzˈmɑ.pəˌlaɪt/ cosmopolites n
cosmopolite
One who is at home in every place; a citizen of the world; a cosmopolitan person.

cosmos /ˈkɑz.moʊs/ /ˈkɒz.mɒs/ cosmoi cosmoses n
cosmos
The universe.

cosom hockey n
hockey cosom

cosplay /ˈkɑs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɑz.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒz.pleɪ/ /ˌkoʊˈspleɪ/ cosplays n
cosplay costumade
(uncountable) The art or practice of costuming oneself as a (usually fictional) character.

cosplay /ˈkɑs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɑz.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒs.pleɪ/ /ˈkɒz.pleɪ/ /ˌkoʊˈspleɪ/ v
cosplayer costumader
(intransitive) To costume oneself as a character.
(transitive) To costume oneself as (a character).

cosset /ˈkɒsɪt/ v
chouchouter choyer dorloter gâter
(transitive) To treat like a pet; to overly indulge. [from 1650s]

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ costs n
coût frais
Amount of money, time, etc. that is required or used.
coût
A negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur.

cost /ˈkɑst/ /ˈkɒst/ /ˈkɔst/ v
coûter couter
(transitive, ditransitive) To incur a charge of; to require payment of a (specified) price.
couter coûter
(transitive, ditransitive) To cause something to be lost; to cause the expenditure or relinquishment of.

cost center cost centers n
centre de coûts

cost dear v
coûter cher

cost estimate cost estimates n
devis estimation de coûts

cost object cost objects n
objet de coût

cost of living costs of living n
coût de la vie
The average cost of a standard set of basic necessities of life, especially of food, shelter and clothing.

cost price cost prices n
prix coûtant
(finance) The cost to a manufacturer of producing an item, before any profit is taken.

cost the earth v
coûter bonbon coûter la peau du cul coûter la peau du dos coûter un bras coûter une blinde coûter une couille
(idiomatic) To be a huge expense.

cost-effective more cost-effective most cost-effective adj
rentable
Returning a benefit that justifies the initial investment; economical.

costal /ˈkɑstl̩/ /ˈkɒstl̩/ adj
costal
Pertaining to a rib.
(entomology) Pertaining to the costa or to the wing areas next to it.

costal cartilage costal cartilages n
cartilage costal
(anatomy) One of the bars of hyaline cartilage, found at the anterior ends of the ribs, that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

costly /ˈkɒst.li/ costlier costliest adj
coûteux lourd
Of high cost; expensive.

costmary costmaries n
menthe-coq

costume /kɑsˈt(j)um/ /kɑsˈt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɑs.təm/ /ˈkɑs.tʊm/ /ˈkɑsˌt(j)um/ /ˈkɑsˌt͡ʃum/ /ˈkɒs.tjuːm/ /ˈkɒs.t͡ʃuːm/ costumes n
costume
A style of dress, including garments, accessories and hairstyle, especially as characteristic of a particular country, period or people.
A set of clothes appropriate for a particular occasion or season.
costume déguisement
An outfit or a disguise worn as fancy dress etc.

costumier costumiers n
costumier costumière
A person who supplies or designs costumes.

cosy /ˈkoʊzi/ /ˈkəʊzi/ cosier cosiest adj
douillet douillette peinard
Affording comfort and warmth; snug; social.

cot /kɑt/ /kɒt/ [Kɒʔ] [Kɔt] [Kɔʔ] [kɔt] [kɔʈ] [kʰat̚] [kʰaʔ] [kʰɑt̚] [kʰɑʔ] [kʰɒʔ(t)] [kʰɒːt̚] [kʰɔt] [kʰɔʔ] cots n
lit de camp
(Canada, US) A simple bed, especially one for portable or temporary purposes.
huche lit de bébé
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A bed for infants or small children, with high, often slatted, often moveable sides.

cot death cot deaths n
mort subite du nourrisson
(pathology, British) The unexplained death of a baby, usually while sleeping.

cotangent /ˈkoʊˌtænd͡ʒənt/ cotangents n
cotangente
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the tangent of an angle. Symbols: cot, ctg, or ctn

cotehardie cotehardies n
cotte-hardie
(historical) A mid to late 14th century unisex garment tailored to fit the torso and arms, usually with a row of buttons down the front as well as down each fitted sleeve from the elbow to the wrist. Women's coathardies trailed on the floor, but those for men could be cut very short.

coterie /ˈkoʊtəɹi/ /ˈkəʊtəɹi/ /ˌkoʊtəˈɹi/ [ˈkoʊɾəɹi] [ˌkoʊɾəˈɹi] coteries n
coterie
A circle of people who associate with one another for a common purpose.
A communal burrow of prairie dogs.

coterminous /kəˈtəː.mɪ.nəs/ /kəˈtɝ.mɪ.nəs/ adj
limitrophe
(geography) Having matching boundaries; or, adjoining and sharing a boundary.

cotidal adj
cotidal
Describing the locations (and of related lines on a chart) linking places where tides occur at the same time of day

cotillion /koʊtɪlˈjɑ̃/ /kətɪlˈjɑ̃/ /kətɪlˈjɒ̃/ /kəʊtɪlˈjɒ̃/ cotillions n
cotillon
(dance) A bold dance performed in groups of eight where women lift their skirts to display their ankles. [from 1766]

cottage /ˈkɑtəd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɑtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkɒtɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈkɑɾəd͡ʒ] [ˈkɑɾɪd͡ʒ] cottages n
cottage
A seasonal home of any size or stature, a recreational home or a home in a remote location.

cottage cheese cottage cheeses n
fromage blanc faisselle fromage frais quark
A cheese curd product with a mild flavor that is drained but not pressed so some whey remains.

cotton /ˈkɑt.ən/ /ˈkɒt.ən/ [ˈkɑʔn̩] cottons n
coton
Gossypium, a genus of plant used as a source of cotton fiber.
Any fiber similar in appearance and use to Gossypium fiber.
coton cotonnade
Any plant that encases its seed in a thin fiber that is harvested and used as a fabric or cloth.

cotton swab cotton swabs n
coton-tige bâtonnet ouaté coton tige
A small wad of cotton wrapped around the end of a small rod, made of wood, rolled paper, or plastic. The most common uses for cotton swabs include aural hygiene and cosmetics application.

cotton wool /ˈkɒtən wʊl/ cotton wools n
ouate coton hydrophile
(UK) Soft, absorbent cotton for medical or cosmetic use, protective padding, etc.

cotton-wool v
ouater
(transitive) To cover with, or in, cotton wool.

cottontail /ˈkɑt.n̩teɪl/ /ˈkɒt.n̩teɪl/ cottontails n
lapin de Floride lapin à queue blanche
A rabbit of any of various species in genus Sylvilagus.

cotyledon /ˌkɑt.əˈliː.dən/ /ˌkɒt.ɪˈliː.dən/ cotyledons n
cotylédon
(botany) The leaf of the embryo of a seed-bearing plant; after germination it becomes the first leaves of the seedling.

cotyloid cavity cotyloid cavities n
cavité cotyloïde
(anatomy) Synonym of acetabulum

coua couas n
coua
A terrestrial bird of the genus Coua, in the cuckoo family.

couch /kaʊt͡ʃ/ couches n
canapé sofa
(North America, Australia, Ireland) An item of furniture, often upholstered, for the comfortable seating of more than one person; a sofa.

couch /kaʊt͡ʃ/ v
s'allonger
To lie down; to recline (upon a couch or other place of repose).
formuler rédiger
To phrase in a particular style; to use specific wording for.

couch grass /ˈkaʊt͡ʃˌɡɹæs/ /ˈkuːt͡ʃɡɹɑːs/ n
chiendent
A species of grass, Elymus repens, usually considered a weed.

couch potato couch potatoes n
pantouflard avachi légume télézard
(idiom) A person who spends a lot of time sitting or lying down, often watching television, eating snacks or drinking alcohol. [from 1976]

cougar /ˈkuɡɚ/ /ˈkuːɡɑː/ /ˈkuːɡə/ [ˈkʰuɡɚ] [ˈkʰuːɡə] cougars n
puma cougar lion des montagnes
Puma concolor, a wild feline native to the Americas.
cougar
(North America, slang) An older woman who actively seeks the casual, often sexual, companionship of younger men, by implication a female “sexual predator”.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ coughs n
toux
A sudden, often involuntary expulsion of air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.
A bout of repeated coughing (verb sense 2.1); also, a medical condition that causes one to cough.

cough /kɑf/ /kɒf/ /kɔf/ /kɔːf/ v
tousser
Sometimes followed by up: to force (something) out of the lungs or throat by pushing air from the lungs through the glottis (causing a short, explosive sound), and out through the mouth.
To make a noise like a cough.

cough mixture cough mixtures n
sirop contre la toux
A medicine or medication used to treat coughs, usually in liquid or syrup form.

cough syrup cough syrups n
sirop contre la toux sirop antitussif
A liquid used to ease a sore throat and possibly suppress excess coughing.

cough up v
cracher
To expel from the lungs, throat, etc. by coughing.
cracher lâcher
(of money) To pay, disburse - [perhaps influenced by "coffers" of money.]
se planter
(idiomatic) To lose a competition by one's own mistakes, usually near the end of the contest.

cougher /ˈkɑfɚ/ /ˈkɒfə/ /ˈkɔfɚ/ coughers n
tousseur tousseuse tousseux
A person who coughs.

could I see the menu, please phraseologicalUnit
apportez-moi la carte, s'il vous plaît apportez-nous la carte, s'il vous plaît
Said in a restaurant, to ask for the menu.

could do with v
ne pas dire non
To need something that would be beneficial.

coulomb /ˈku.loʊm/ /ˈku.lɑm/ /ˈkuː.lɒm/ coulombs n
coulomb
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electric charge; the amount of electric charge carried by a current of 1 ampere flowing for 1 second. Symbol: C

coulrophobia /kəʊl.ɹə.ˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ n
coulrophobie
The fear of clowns.

coumarin /ˈkuːməɹɪn/ coumarins n
coumarine
(organic compound) the bicyclic aromatic compound 1,2-benzopyrone or any of its derivatives

council /ˈkaʊn.səl/ councils n
conseil
A committee that leads or governs (e.g. city council, student council).

councillor councillors n
conseiller conseiller municipal conseillère
In particular, a representative elected to a local authority, such as a city council: a city councillor

counsel /ˈkaʊn.səl/ counsel counsels n
conseil
The exchange of opinions and advice especially in legal issues; consultation.
conseil expertise
Advice; guidance.
conseil plan projet
Deliberate purpose; design; intent; scheme; plan.

counsel /ˈkaʊn.səl/ v
conseiller
(transitive) To give advice, especially professional advice, to (somebody).
(transitive) To recommend (a course of action).

counsel of despair counsels of despair n
aveu [[d']]impuissance

counseling counselings n
conseil
Assistance (especially from a professional) in the resolution of personal difficulties.

counselor /ˈkaʊnsələ(ɹ)/ counselors n
conseiller conseillère
A professional who counsels people, especially on personal problems.

count /kaʊnt/ counts n
compte décompte
The act of counting or tallying a quantity.
comte
The male ruler of a county.
compte compte à rebours décompte nombre
The result of a tally that reveals the number of items in a set; a quantity counted.
chef d'accusation chef d’inculpation
(legal) A charge of misconduct brought in a legal proceeding.

count /kaʊnt/ v
compter
(intransitive) To amount to, to number in total.
(intransitive) To be of significance; to matter.

count angels on pinheads v
discuter du sexe des anges
To focus on getting correct details which are largely irrelevant.

count down v
décompter
To announce the passage of time to a precisely timed expected event.
To await a precisely timed expected event.

count noun count nouns n
nom comptable nom dénombrable
A noun which refers to something that can be counted. Examples: house, car, bush, point.

count on v
compter sur
(transitive) To rely on, trust, or expect.

count on the fingers of one hand v
compter sur les doigts d'une main

count one's blessings v
voir le bon côté des choses
(idiomatic) To focus one's attention on the circumstances of one's life which are pleasant or fortunate, especially with the intention of diverting one's thoughts from serious or disagreeable matters.

count sheep v
compter les moutons
(idiomatic) To attempt to go to sleep by thinking of something boring, traditionally by counting imaginary sheep.

countable /ˈkaʊntəbəl/ [ˈkʰãʊ̯̃n(ɾ)əbɫ̩] adj
dénombrable
Capable of being counted; having a quantity.
(mathematics, of a set) finite or countably infinite; having a one-to-one correspondence (bijection) with a subset of the natural numbers.
(grammar, of a noun) Freely usable with the indefinite article and with numbers, and therefore having a plural form.

countable set countable sets n
ensemble dénombrable
(set theory) A set that is countable.

countdown /ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn/ countdowns n
compte à rebours décompte
A count backward in fixed units to the time of some event, especially the launch of a space vehicle.
hit-parade top 50
A radio or television program counting down the top songs of a given week, usually in reverse order ending with the No. 1.

countenance /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/ /ˈkaʊnt.nəns/ [kæũ̯n.tɪ̆.nəns] countenances n
visage
Appearance, especially the features and expression of the face.
Calm facial expression, composure, self-control.

countenance /ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/ /ˈkaʊnt.nəns/ [kæũ̯n.tɪ̆.nəns] v
approuver
(transitive) To tolerate, support, sanction, patronise or approve of something.

counter /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ [ˈkaʊ.ɾ̃ɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.nɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.ɾ̃ɚ] adv
contre
Contrary, in opposition; in an opposite direction.

counter /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ [ˈkaʊ.ɾ̃ɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.nɚ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯.ɾ̃ɚ] counters n
compteur
One who counts.
An object (now especially a small disc) used in counting or keeping count, or as a marker in games, etc.
comptoir guichet
A table or board on which money is counted and over which business is transacted

counter- /ˈkaʊn.tə/ /ˈkaʊn.tɚ/ /ˈkæɔn.tə/ /ˌkaʊn.tɚ/ prefix
contre-
In opposition to.

counter-attack counter-attacks n
contre-attaque contre-offensive contrattaque controffensive
An attack made in response to an attack by the opponents

counter-attack v
contre-attaquer contrattaquer
To attack in response to an attack by opponents.

counter-offensive counter-offensives n
contre-offensive
An attack made in response to a previous offensive, and intended to stop it.

counterargument counterarguments n
contre-argument
An argument that is opposed to another argument.

counterbalance /ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈbæləns/ counterbalances n
contrepoids
(literally) A weight that is put in opposition to an equal weight so it keeps that in balance.
(figuratively) A force or influence that balances, checks or limits an opposite one.

counterbalance /ˌkaʊntəˈbæləns/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈbæləns/ v
contrebalancer
(transitive) To apply weight in order to balance an opposing weight.

counterbore counterbores n
chambrage
The tool with which a counterbore is machined.

counterclaim counterclaims n
demande reconventionnelle
(legal) A suit filed by a defendant against a plaintiff secondary to the original complaint.

counterculture countercultures n
contreculture
Any culture whose values and lifestyles are opposed to those of the established mainstream culture, especially to Western culture.

countercurrent countercurrents n
contre-courant
A current that flows against the prevailing one.

counterespionage n
contre-espionnage
All those activities undertaken to neutralize or exploit the espionage activities of another nation or an enemy.

counterexample counterexamples n
contrexemple
(logic) An example that counters a general rule; an exception to a general rule; a specific instance of the falsity of (and falsifiability of) any proposed universal applicability of a rule or statement.

counterfactual /ˌkaʊn.tə(ɹ)ˈfæk.tʃu.əl/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈfæktʃuəl/ adj
contrefactuel
Contrary to known or agreed facts; untrue.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ adj
contrefait
False, especially of money; intended to deceive or carry appearance of being genuine.
Inauthentic.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ counterfeits n
contrefaçon
A non-genuine article; a fake.

counterfeit /ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/ v
contrefaire
(transitive) To falsely produce what appears to be official or valid; to produce a forged copy of.

counterfeiter /ˈkaʊntə(ɹ)ˌfɪtə(ɹ)/ counterfeiters n
contrefacteur faux-monnayeur
A person who counterfeits

counterintuitive /ˌkaʊntəɹɪnˈtuɪtɪv/ [ˌkʰaʊɾ̃ɚɪnˈtʰuɪɾɪv] more counterintuitive most counterintuitive adj
contre-intuitif
Contrary to intuition or common sense.

counterion counterions n
contre-ion
(chemistry) Any ion of opposite charge to another in a solution or other electrochemical system

countermand /ˈkaʊntɚˌmænd/ /ˌkaʊntəˈmɑːnd/ /ˌkaʊntɚˈmænd/ countermands n
contrordre
An order to the contrary of a previous one.

countermeasure /ˈkaʊntəmɛʒə/ countermeasures n
contre-mesure
Any action taken to counteract or correct another.

countermelody countermelodies n
contre-chant contrechant
(music) a secondary or supplemental melody played simultaneously with the primary melody.

counterpart /ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/ /ˈkaʊntɚˌpɑɹt/ counterparts n
duplicat pendant équivalent
contre-partie
Either of two parts that fit together, or complement one another.
homologue
One who or that which has corresponding functions or characteristics.

counterpoint /ˈkaʊntə(ɹ)ˌpɔɪnt/ counterpoints n
contrepoint
(music) A melody added to an existing one, especially one added to provide harmony whilst each retains its simultaneous identity; a composition consisting of such contrapuntal melodies.

counterpower counterpowers n
contre-pouvoir

counterproductive /ˌkaʊntəprəˈdʌktɪv/ more counterproductive most counterproductive adj
contre-productif contreproductif
More of a hindrance than a help.

counterpropaganda n
contre-propagande contrepropagande
Propaganda disseminated as a response and opposition to other propaganda.

counterquestion counterquestions n
contre-question
A question that serves as a reply to, or distraction from, another.

counterrevolution counterrevolutions n
contre-révolution
A revolution aiming to reverse the political or social changes instigated by a previous revolution.

counterrevolutionary more counterrevolutionary most counterrevolutionary adj
contre-révolutionnaire
In opposition to a revolution.

counterrevolutionary counterrevolutionaries n
contre-révolutionnaire
A person who opposes a revolution and attempts to reverse the changes made by it.

counterscarp counterscarps n
contrescarpe
(architecture) The outer slope of a defensive or fortified ditch

countersign v
contresigner
(transitive, by extension) To add a second signature to a document, affirming the validity of the signature of another person.

countersignature countersignatures n
contresignature
A signature made to confirm or endorse another.

countersink countersinks n
fraisure
a cylindrical recess, typically machined around a hole to admit a screw so that it sits flush with a surface.

countersteer v
contre-braquer
(transitive) To steer (a vehicle) in the opposite direction at the beginning of a turn in order to adjust the rider's center of gravity.

countersteering n
contre-braquage

countersubject countersubjects n
contre-sujet
(music) The secondary melody in contrapuntal music

countersurveillance n
contre-surveillance
The art of evading surveillance

countertenor countertenors n
contreténor contre-ténor
An adult male singer who uses head tone or falsetto to sing far higher than the typical male vocal range.
contreténor
(historical) A part or section performing a countermelody against the tenor or main part.

counterterrorist adj
contreterroriste
Intended to combat terrorism

countertop countertops n
comptoir
The top surface of a counter, for preparation of food etc.

countervairy adj
contrevairé

counterweight counterweights n
contrepoids
A heavy mass of often iron or concrete, mechanically linked in opposition to a load which is to be raised and lowered, with the intent of reducing the amount of work which must be done to effect the raising and lowering. Counterweights are used, for example, in cable-hauled elevators and some kinds of movable bridges (e.g. a bascule bridge).

countess /ˈkaʊntɪs/ countesses n
comtesse
A woman holding the rank of count or earl in her own right; a female holder of an earldom.

counting /ˈkaʊntɪŋ/ countings n
comptage décompte
a count
the act by which something is counted.

counting rhyme counting rhymes n
comptine

counting rod counting rods n
baguette à calculer
(mathematics) One of a set of small bars, used by mathematicians in some Asian countries, placed either horizontally or vertically to represent any number and any fraction.

counting-out game counting-out games n
formulette

countless /ˈkaʊntləs/ adj
innombrable incalculable sans nombre
Too many to count; innumerable.

country /ˈkaʊntɹi/ /ˈkɐntɹi/ /ˈkʌntɹi/ [ˈkʰʌnt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷi] adj
campagnard de la campagne de la contrée de province
From or in the countryside or connected with it.

country /ˈkaʊntɹi/ /ˈkɐntɹi/ /ˈkʌntɹi/ [ˈkʰʌnt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷi] countries n
pays contrée
The territory of a nation, especially an independent nation state or formerly independent nation; a political entity asserting ultimate authority over a geographical area; a sovereign state. [from 14th c.]
A set region of land having particular human occupation or agreed limits, especially inhabited by members of the same race, speakers of the same language etc., or associated with a given person, occupation, species etc. [from 13th c.]
campagne
(uncountable, usually preceded by “the”) A rural area, as opposed to a town or city; the countryside. [from 16th c.]
country
Ellipsis of country music. [from 20th c.]

country bumpkin country bumpkins n
péquenaud
(colloquial) An unsophisticated person from the rural area of a particular country.

country club country clubs n
country club
A private club in a rural area or in the outskirts of a town, offering recreational sports activities.

country code country codes n
code de pays code pays
A short alphabetic or numeric geographical code representing a specific country or area.

country house country houses n
maison de campagne
(British) A weekend and holiday residence, located outside of urban areas, used as a retreat from city life.

country music n
country musique country
(music) A style of popular music that originated in the folk music of the rural population of the southern and western United States and characterized by string-band instruments and simple melodies.

country rock country rocks n
country rock
(music, uncountable) A genre of music combining elements of country music and rock music.

country wine country wines n
vin de pays

countryman /ˈkʌntɹimən/ countrymen countrywoman n
citoyen citoyenne habitant habitante
Somebody from a certain country.
compatriote
Somebody from one's own country; a fellow countryman; compatriot.
campagnarde campagnard
A country dweller, especially a follower of country pursuits.

countryside /ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/ countrysides n
campagne arrière-pays
An area located outside of towns and cities; an area that is not urban or suburban; a rural area.
campagne
A rural landscape.

county /ˈkaʊnti/ counties n
comté département
An administrative or geographical region of various countries, including Bhutan, Canada, China, Croatia, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, South Korea, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and 48 of the 50 United States (excluding Alaska and Louisiana).
comté
(historical) The land ruled by a count or a countess.

county town county towns n
chef-lieu de département
The administrative town of a county in Ireland or the United Kingdom.

coup d'état /ˌku deɪˈtɑ/ /ˌkuː deɪˈtɑː/ coup d'états coups d'état n
coup d'État putsch
(politics, government) The sudden overthrow of a government, differing from a revolution by being carried out by a small group of people who replace only the leading figures.

coup de grâce /kuː də ɡɹɑs/ /kuː də ɡɹɑː/ coups de grâce n
coup de grâce
A final blow or shot given to kill a wounded person or animal.

couple /ˈkʌpəl/ couples n
paire couple
Two of the same kind connected or considered together.
couple paire époux
Two partners in a romantic or sexual relationship.
quelques couple deux ou trois...
One of the pairs of plates of two metals which compose a voltaic battery, called a voltaic couple or galvanic couple.
couple
(physics) A turning effect created by forces that produce a non-zero external torque.
That which joins or links two things together; a bond or tie; a coupler.

couple /ˈkʌpəl/ v
coupler accoupler
(transitive) To join (two things) together, or (one thing) to (another).

couplet /ˈkʌp.lət/ /ˈkʌplɪt/ couplets n
couplet
(literature) A pair of lines, typically with rhyming end words.

coupling /ˈkʌplɪŋ/ couplings n
dépendance
(software engineering) The degree of reliance between two or more software modules.

coupon /ˈkjuːˌpɑn/ /ˈkjuːˌpɔn/ /ˈkuːpən/ /ˈkuːˌpɑn/ /ˈkuːˌpɒn/ /ˈkuːˌpɔn/ /ˈkuːˌpɔ̃/ [ˈkj̥uˌpan] [ˈkʰuˌpan] coupons n
bon coupon
A section of a ticket, showing the holder to be entitled to some specified accommodation or service, as to a passage over a designated line of travel, a particular seat in a theater, a discount, etc.
coupon bon
A voucher issued by a manufacturer or retailer which offers a discount on a particular product.
coupon
(finance, obsolete) A certificate of interest due, printed at the bottom of transferable bonds (state, railroad, etc.), given for a term of years, designed to be cut off and presented for payment when the interest is due; an interest warrant.

courage /ˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪdʒ/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ courages n
courage bravoure cœur vaillance
The quality of being confident, not afraid or easily intimidated, but without being incautious or inconsiderate.
courage
The ability to overcome one's fear, do or live things which one finds frightening.

courage of one's convictions n
avoir le courage de ses opinions

courgette /kɔɹˈʒɛt/ /kɔːˈʒɛt/ /kʊəˈʒɛt/ /kʊɚˈʒɛt/ courgettes n
courgette zucchini
(British, Ireland, uncountable) A particular variety of Cucurbita pepo, a small marrow/squash.

courier /ˈkɝ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈkʊɹ.ɪə/ couriers n
coursier messager
A person who delivers messages.

course /koəs/ /koɹs/ /koːɹs/ /kuːɹs/ /kɔɹs/ /kɔːs/ /kɜːs/ /kʊɹs/ courses n
cours
A learning programme, whether a single class or (UK) a major area of study.
(navigation) The intended passage of voyage, such as a boat, ship, airplane, spaceship, etc.
plat
A stage of a meal.
parcours
The itinerary of a race.
route cours
(nautical) The direction of movement of a vessel at any given moment.
trajectoire
(sports) The trajectory of a ball, frisbee etc.

course /koəs/ /koɹs/ /koːɹs/ /kuːɹs/ /kɔɹs/ /kɔːs/ /kɜːs/ /kʊɹs/ v
parcourir
To run or flow (especially of liquids and more particularly blood).

course credit course credits n
crédit
(education, academics) A unit for measuring the amount of academic studies of which exact definition varies by learning institution. Typically, there is a minimum number of course credits required as a precondition for graduation.

course of action courses of action n
marche à suivre plan d'action
A plan; a set of intended actions, through which one intends to achieve a goal.

coursebook /ˈkɔː(r)sbʊk/ coursebooks n
livre de classe livre de cours
A textbook, a book designed to accompany a specific academic course, or one specified by the writers of the course to be read by its students.

court /ko(ː)ɹt/ /koət/ /koːt/ /kɔɹt/ /kɔːt/ courts n
cour
An enclosed space; a courtyard; an uncovered area shut in by the walls of a building, or by different buildings; also, a space opening from a street and nearly surrounded by houses; a blind alley.
The collective body of persons composing the retinue of a sovereign or person high in authority; all the surroundings of a sovereign in his regal state.
The residence of a sovereign, prince, nobleman, or other dignitary; a palace.
Attention directed to a person in power; behaviour designed to gain favor; politeness of manner; civility towards someone
cour tribunal court court de tennis
The persons officially assembled under authority of law, at the appropriate time and place, for the administration of justice; an official assembly, legally met together for the transaction of judicial business; a judge or judges sitting for the hearing or trial of cases.
tribunal cour
The hall, chamber, or place, where justice is administered.
court court de tennis
(sports) A place arranged for playing the games of tennis, basketball, handball, badminton, volleyball, squash and some other games

court /ko(ː)ɹt/ /koət/ /koːt/ /kɔɹt/ /kɔːt/ v
courtiser faire la cour
(transitive) To try to win a commitment to marry from.
(transitive) To invite by attractions; to allure; to attract.

court bouillon court bouillons courts bouillons n
court-bouillon
A seasoned, aromatic liquid, such as a mixture of water with wine or vinegar and spices and vegetables, used for poaching fish, meat, seafood, or vegetables.

court jester court jesters n
bouffon fou fou du roi
A person in colorful garb and fool's cap who amused a medieval and early modern royal or noble court.

court martial court martials courts martial n
cour martiale conseil de guerre tribunal militaire
(legal, military) A court where cases of military law are heard.

court martial v
faire comparaître en cour martiale
(legal, military) To subject to trial in a military court.

court of cassation courts of cassation n
Cour de cassation cour de cassation
(legal) In many legal systems, the highest-level court of appeal in procedural matters, which is asked to squash a verdict but then refers the case back for a new court case at the previous level.

court of first instance courts of first instance n
tribunal de première instance
(law) a court of law where legal proceedings are first heard.

court of law courts of law n
tribunal cour de justice

court order court orders n
ordonnance judiciaire
(legal) A written command, issued by a judge, requiring whomever it is served upon to do whatever the order says, under penalty of being held in contempt of court.

court shoe court shoes n
bâbette escarpin
A shoe with no fastening and a low-cut front, worn by men with formal dress such as court dress or white tie, but now usually by women.

courteous /ˈkɜːti.əs/ /ˈkɝti.əs/ more courteous most courteous adj
poli courtois
Showing regard or thought for others; especially, displaying good manners or etiquette.

courtesan /kɔɹtɪˈzæn/ /kɔːtɪˈzæn/ /ˈkoɹtɪzæn/ /ˈkoɹtɪzən/ /ˈkɔɹtɪzæn/ /ˈkɔɹtɪzən/ /ˈkɔːtɪzæn/ /ˈkɔːtɪzən/ courtesans n
courtisane
A female prostitute, especially one with high-status or wealthy clients.

courtesy /ˈkɜːtəsi/ /ˈkɝtəsi/ courtesies n
courtoisie
(uncountable) Polite behavior.
politesse
(countable) A polite gesture or remark, especially as opposed to an obligation or standard practice.
indulgence
(uncountable) Consent or agreement in spite of fact; indulgence.

courthouse courthouses n
maison de cour palais de justice tribunal
A public building housing courts of law.

courtier /ˈko(ː)ɹtiɚ/ /ˈkoətɪə/ /ˈkɔɹtiɚ/ /ˈkɔːtɪə/ courtiers n
courtisan
A person in attendance at a royal court.

courtly love n
amour courtois

courtroom courtrooms n
salle d'audience
The room where a judge presides over hearings and trials, sometimes with a jury.

courtship /ˈkɔɹt.ʃɪp/ /ˈkɔːt.ʃɪp/ courtships n
cour
The act of wooing a person to enter into a romantic relationship or marriage; hence, the period during which a couple fall in love before their marriage.

courtship display courtship displays n
parade nuptiale

courtyard /ˈkɔɹt.jɑɹd/ /ˈkɔːt.jɑːd/ courtyards n
cour
An area, open to the sky, partially or wholly surrounded by walls or buildings.

couscous /ˈkus.kus/ /ˈkuːs.kuːs/ /ˈkʊs.kʊs/ couscouses n
couscous
A pasta of North African origin made of crushed and steamed semolina.

couscoussier couscoussiers n
couscoussière

cousin /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ /ˈkʌzn̩/ /ˈkʌzɪn/ [ˈkʰɐz.ɹ̩n] cousins n
cousin cousine
(specifically) When used without a qualifying word: the child of a person's parent's brother (that is, an uncle) or sister (an aunt); a cousin-german, a first cousin.

cousin-in-law cousins-in-law n
beau-cousin belle-cousine cousin politique cousine politique
Husband or wife of one's cousin.
Cousin of one's husband or wife.

cousinship /ˈkʌzənˌʃɪp/ cousinships n
cousinage
The state of being cousins, or the relationship that exists among cousins.

couth /kuːθ/ /kuθ/ more couth most couth adj
raffiné sophistiqué
Marked by or possessing a high degree of sophistication; cultured, refined.

couth /kuːθ/ /kuθ/ couths n
raffinement sophistication
Social grace, refinement, sophistication; etiquette, manners.

couturier couturiers n
couturier couturière
A person who designs haute couture (high fashion).

couverture couvertures n
chocolat de couverture
Chocolate prepared for covering cakes and sweets; a covering of such chocolate.

covalent bond /koʊveɪlənt bɒnd/ covalent bonds n
liaison covalente
(chemistry) A type of chemical bond where two atoms are connected to each other by the sharing of two or more electrons.

covariance /koʊˈvæɹ.i.əns/ /kəʉˈveː.ɹi.əns/ /kəʊˈvɛː.ɹi.əns/ /ˈkoʊˈvɛɹ.i.əns/ covariances n
covariance
(statistics) A statistical measure defined as \scriptstyle\operatorname{Cov}(X, Y) = \operatorname{E}((X - \mu) (Y - \nu)) given two real-valued random variables X and Y, with expected values \scriptstyle E(X)\,=\,\mu and \scriptstyle E(Y)\,=\,\nu.
(object-oriented programming) The conversion of data types from wider to narrower in certain situations.

covariant adj
covariant
(category theory) (Of a functor) which preserves composition.
(object-oriented programming) Using or relating to covariance.

cove /koʊv/ /kəʊv/ coves n
caverne grotte
(now, _, uncommon) A hollow in a rock; a cave or cavern. [from 9th c.]
arcade voûte
(architecture) A concave vault or archway, especially the arch of a ceiling. [from 16th c.]
anse crique
A small coastal inlet, especially one having high cliffs protecting vessels from prevailing winds. [from 16th c.]

coven /ˈkʌ.vən/ covens n
sabbat clan coven
A formal group or assembly of witches.
clique
A clique that shares common interests or activities.

covenant /ˈkʌv.nənt/ /ˈkʌv.ən.ənt/ covenants n
accord
(legal) An agreement to do or not do a particular thing.
alliance convention pacte
A pact or binding agreement between two or more parties.
clause
An incidental clause in an agreement.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ covers n
couvercle
A lid.
couverture
The top sheet of a bed.
(music) A new performance or rerecording of a previously recorded song; a cover version; a cover song.
(espionage) A persona maintained by a spy or undercover operative; cover story.
couvert
A setting at a restaurant table or formal dinner.

cover /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvɚ/ v
couvrir
(transitive) To place something over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
(transitive) To be over or upon, as to conceal or protect.
To deal with or include someone or something.
To be enough money for.
(military, law enforcement) To protect using an aimed firearm and the threat of firing; or to protect using continuous, heaving fire at or in the direction of the enemy so as to force the enemy to remain in cover; or to threaten using an aimed firearm.
To copulate with (said of certain male animals such as dogs and horses).
reprendre
(music) To make a cover version of (a song that was originally recorded by another artist).
parcourir
To extend over a given period of time or range, to occupy, to stretch over a given area.
To traverse or put behind a certain distance.

cover girl cover girls n
covergirl
(informal) An attractive, usually well-known, female model whose image has been featured on one or more magazine covers.

cover letter cover letters n
lettre de motivation
A letter or written communication that serves to introduce an accompanying document; especially, a letter that introduces a résumé or curriculum vitae.

cover one's back v
assurer ses arrières couvrir ses arrières protéger ses arrières

cover one's feet v
poser culotte

cover story cover stories n
gros titre
(media) A story included in a publication that is highlighted on the front cover.
couverture
(espionage) A fictitious account that is intended to hide one's real motive.

cover up v
dissimuler cacher couvrir
(idiomatic) To conceal or disguise.
couvrir
(idiomatic) To clothe.

cover version cover versions n
reprise cover
(music) A version of a song that is a new performance or rerecording of that song by a different artist.

cover-up cover-ups n
dissimulation étouffement omerta
An attempt to conceal or disguise something, especially a wrongdoing or a mistake.

coverage /ˈkʌv.(ə)ɹ.ɪdʒ/ coverages n
couverture reportage
An amount by which something or someone is covered.
couverture
(genetics) The average number of reads representing a given nucleotide in the reconstructed sequence.

coverall /ˈkʌv.ə.ɹɔːl/ /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɑl/ /ˈkʌv.ɚ.ɔl/ coveralls n
combinaison
(chiefly, US) A loose-fitting jumpsuit-style protective garment worn over other clothing.

covered /ˈkʌvə(ɹ)d/ adj
couvert recouvert
Overlaid (with) or enclosed (within something).

coverlet /ˈkʌvə(ɹ)lɪt/ coverlets n
couvre-lit
A blanket used as a bed covering, usually quilted.

covert /koʊˈvɜɹt/ /ˈkoʊvəɹt/ /ˈkəʊvəːt/ /ˈkʌvə/ /ˈkʌvət/ /ˈkʌvəɹ/ /ˈkʌvəɹt/ more covert most covert adj
clandestin secret
(figuratively) Secret, surreptitious, concealed.

covet /ˈkʌvɪt/ v
convoiter désirer
(transitive) To wish for with eagerness; to desire possession of, often enviously.
convoiter guigner
(transitive) To long for inordinately or unlawfully; to hanker after (something forbidden).

coveted /ˈkʌvɪtɪd/ more coveted most coveted adj
convoité
Highly sought-after.

covetous /ˈkʌvətəs/ more covetous most covetous adj
avare
Distastefully keen or desirous, especially for something belonging to someone else; avaricious.

covetousness /ˈkʌvətəsnəs/ covetousnesses n
convoitise
Immoderate desire for the possession of something, especially for wealth.

covid /ˈkoʊvɪd/ /ˈkɐʉvəd/ /ˈkɒvɪd/ /ˈkəʊvəd/ /ˈkəʊvɪd/ /ˈkʌvɪd/ n
covid

covidiot /ˌkoʊˈvɪd.i.ət/ /ˌkɒvˈɪd.i.ət/ covidiots n
covidiot covidiote
(pejorative, jocular, neologism) A person who is foolishly reckless with respect to avoiding contracting or spreading COVID-19.

cow /kaʊ/ /ɘ kaʊ/ cattle cows kine n
vache bovin
(loosely, or, informal) Any member of the species Bos taurus regardless of sex or age, including bulls and calves.
vache femelle
(biology) A female member of other large species of mammal, including the bovines, moose, whales, seals, hippos, rhinos, manatees, and elephants.
chipie garce vache
(derogatory, UK, AU, informal) A woman considered unpleasant in some way, particularly one considered nasty, stupid, fat, lazy, or difficult.

cow elephant cow elephants n
femellle de l'éléphant éléphant femelle
A female elephant.

cow parsley n
anthrisque sauvage
Anthriscus sylvestris, a weedy biennial umbellifer native to the Old World.

cow's milk /kaʊ̯z.mɪlk/ /ˈkaʊ̯zˌmɛlk/ [ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɛɫkʰ] [ˈkʰaʊ̯zˌmɪɫkʰ] cow's milks n
lait de vache
A white liquid produced by the mammary glands of a cow, and used as food by humans.

cow-wheat cow-wheats n
mélampyre
Any of several flowering plants in the genus Melampyrum.

coward /ˈkaʊəd/ /ˈkaʊɚd/ cowards n
couard lâche poltron froussard couarde froussarde
A person who lacks courage.

cowardice /ˈkaʊə(ɹ)daɪs/ /ˈkaʊədɪs/ /ˈkaʊɚdɪs/ cowardices n
lâcheté couardise
Lack of courage.

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ cowardlier cowardliest more cowardly most cowardly adj
lâche bas veule
Showing cowardice; lacking in courage; weakly fearful.

cowardly /ˈkaʊədli/ more cowardly most cowardly adv
lâchement
(archaic) In the manner of a coward, cowardlily.

cowbane /ˈkaʊbeɪn/ cowbanes n
ciguë aquatique
Any of several related poisonous plants of the genus Cicuta

cowbell /ˈkaʊˌbɛl/ cowbells n
sonnaille clarine
A bell worn by cows; sometimes with an ornate strap.
sonnaille
(musical instruments) A musical instrument, typically found without a clapper.

cowboy /ˈkaʊˌbɔɪ/ cowboys n
cow-boy vacher cowboy
A man who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.
cow-boy cowboy
A man who identifies with cowboy culture, including wearing a cowboy hat and being a fan of country and western music.

cowboy hat cowboy hats n
chapeau de cow-boy
A broad-brimmed hat worn by cowboys, ranchers, and farmers, common in the western United States and Mexico.

cowed /kaʊd/ more cowed most cowed adj
intimidé
Frightened into submission.

cower /ˈkaʊə/ /ˈkaʊɚ/ v
recroqueviller tapir
(intransitive) To crouch or cringe, or to avoid or shy away from something, in fear.

cowgirl cowgirls n
vachère cow-girl
A woman who tends free-range cattle, especially in the American West.

cowgirl position cowgirl positions n
Andromaque amazone
(idiomatic) A sex position in which the man lies on his back, and the woman sits on top of him facing him.

cowherd cowherds n
vachère bouvier bouvière vacher
A person who herds cattle; a cowboy.

cowhide cowhides n
cuir de vache
(countable) A hide of a cow.

cowl /kaʊl/ cowls n
froc
A monk's hood that can be pulled forward to cover the face; a robe with such a hood attached to it.
capuchon
A thin protective covering over all or part of an engine; also cowling.

cowled adj
encapuchonné
Wearing a cowl; hooded.

cowlick /ˈkaʊˌlɪk/ /ˈkælɪk/ cowlicks n
épi
An unruly lock or section of hair that sticks straight out from the skull or lies at an angle at odds with the rest of an individual's hair, like a whorl or vortex.

cowling cowlings n
capot
A removable protective covering for the engine of an aircraft, motorcycle, etc.

coworker /ˈkoʊˈwɝ.kɚ/ /ˈkəʊˈwɜː.kə/ coworkers n
collègue confrère
Somebody with whom one works.

cowpat cowpats n
bouse
A dropping of cow dung.

cowpox cowpoxes n
cowpox vaccine
A pustular, eruptive skin disease of cattle caused by an Orthopoxvirus, with lesions occurring principally on the udder and teats. Human infection may occur from touching cows, and gives immunity to smallpox.

cowrie /ˈkaʊ.ɹi/ cowries n
cauri
A small gastropod (Monetaria moneta, syn. Cypraea moneta) common in the Indian Ocean; its shell.
cauri porcelaine
(by extension, dated) Any gastropod of the genus Cypraea; its shell.

cowshed cowsheds n
étable bouverie vacherie
A shed for keeping cows.

coy /kɔɪ/ coyer coyest adj
timide
(dated) Bashful, shy, retiring.
coi
(archaic) Quiet, reserved, modest.

coyote /kaɪˈ(j)oʊ.ɾi/ /kɔɪˈ(j)əʊt(ɪ)/ /kəˈjoʊ.ɾi/ /ˈkaɪ.(j)oʊt/ coyotes n
coyote
Canis latrans, a species of canine native to North America.

coypu /ˈkɔɪ.pu/ coypu coypus n
ragondin
A large, crepuscular, semiaquatic rodent (Myocastor coypus) resembling a large rat, having bright orange-yellow incisors, native to South America and introduced to Europe, Asia and North America, valued for its fur in eastern Europe and central Asia and considered a pest elsewhere.

coywolf coywolves n
coyloup
A hybrid of a coyote (Canis latrans) and a wolf.

crab /kɹæb/ crabs n
crabe
(uncountable) The meat of this crustacean, served as food; crabmeat.
morpions
(in plural crabs, informal) An infestation of pubic lice (Pthirus pubis).

crab louse crab lice n
morpion
A parasitic insect, Pthirus pubis, that lives amongst the pubic hairs of humans and feeds on blood.

crab-eating fox crab-eating foxes n
petit loup renard crabier renard des savanes
A medium-sized canid of species Cerdocyon thous, endemic to central South America.

crabapple /ˈkɹæbˌæpəl/ crabapples n
coing
The fruit of this tree.

crabber crabbers n
crabier
A person who catches crabs.

crabby /ˈkɹæb.i/ crabbier crabbiest adj
de mauvais poil
Visibly irritated or annoyed; grouchy, irritable, in a foul mood; given to complaining or finding fault in an annoyed way.

crabgrass crabgrasses n
digitaire
Those members of the genus Digitaria, grasses of tropical to temperate climates, which are pests of lawns, mainly from their invasive habits and the fact they die off in the fall and winter, leaving bare patches.

crack /kɹæk/ cracks n
fissure
A thin and usually jagged space opened in a previously solid material.
A narrow opening.
crack
(obsolete) One who excels; the best.
plaisanterie vanne
A sharply humorous comment; a wisecrack.
craquement
(onomatopoeia) The sharp sound made when solid material breaks.
(onomatopoeia) Any sharp sound.
raie
(informal) The space between the buttocks.
ambiance
(Northern England, Scotland, Ireland) Conviviality; fun; good conversation, chat, gossip, or humorous storytelling; good company.
affaire
(Northern England, Scotland, Ireland) Business; events; news.
crack
(computing) A program or procedure designed to circumvent restrictions or usage limits on software.
discussion
(Cumbria, elsewhere throughout the North of the UK) a meaningful chat.
fêlé timbré
(archaic) A crazy or crack-brained person.
instant
(slang, dated, UK) A brief time; an instant; a jiffy.

crack /kɹæk/ v
se fissurer
(intransitive) To form cracks.
craquer
(intransitive) To break apart under force, stress, or pressure.
(intransitive) To make a cracking sound.
(transitive, figurative) To cause to yield under interrogation or other pressure.
(transitive) To cause to make a sharp sound.
craquer lâcher
(intransitive) To become debilitated by psychological pressure.
muer
(intransitive, of a pubescent boy's voice) To alternate between high and low register in the process of eventually lowering.
lâcher
(intransitive) To make a sharply humorous comment.
casser
(transitive) To break open or crush to small pieces by impact or stress.
(transitive) To overcome a security system or component.
cogner
(transitive) To strike forcefully.
entrouvrir
(transitive) To open slightly.
craquer hacker
(transitive, computing) To circumvent software restrictions such as regional coding or time limits.
décapsuler
(transitive, informal) To open a canned beverage, or any packaged drink or food.

crack cocaine n
crack
A mixture of baking soda and cocaine in solid form that is smoked in a pipe as a narcotic.

crack up /ˈkɹæk ˈʌp/ v
faire rire pouffer de rire éclater de rire
(idiomatic, transitive) To cause to laugh heartily.
péter un plomb craquer
(idiomatic, intransitive, dated) To become insane; to suffer a mental breakdown.

crack willow crack willows n
saule fragile
A of willow native to Europe and western Asia (Salix fragilis).

cracker /ˈkɹækə(ɹ)/ crackers n
cracker craquelin
A dry, thin, crispy baked bread (usually salty or savoury, but sometimes sweet, as in the case of graham crackers and animal crackers).
cracker crackeur crackeuse
(computing) One who cracks (i.e. overcomes) computer software or security restrictions.

cracker-barrel more cracker-barrel most cracker-barrel adj
de comptoir

crackhead /ˈkɹæk.hɛd/ crackheads n
accro au crack
(pejorative, slang) A person who is addicted to or regularly uses crack cocaine.

crackle /ˈkɹækəl/ crackles n
crépitement
A prolonged, frequent cracking sound; a fizzing, popping sound.

crackle /ˈkɹækəl/ v
crépiter grésiller
(intransitive) To make a prolonged, frequent cracking sound which sounds like fizzing or popping.

crackling /ˈkɹæk(ə)lɪŋ/ adj
couenne rissolee
Sounding with small, sharp cracks or reports, frequently repeated.

crackpot /ˈkɹæk.pɒt/ more crackpot most crackpot adj
loufoque
(informal) Eccentric or impractical.

crackpot /ˈkɹæk.pɒt/ crackpots n
fou fêlé
(informal) An eccentric, crazy or foolish person.

cradle /ˈkɹeɪdəl/ cradles n
berceau
A bed or cot for a baby, oscillating on rockers or swinging on pivots.
(figuratively) The place of origin, or in which anything is nurtured or protected in the earlier period of existence.
(figuratively) Infancy, or very early life.
bers
A framework of timbers, or iron bars, moving upon ways or rollers, used to support, lift, or carry ships or other vessels, heavy guns, etc., as up an inclined plane, or across a strip of land, or in launching a ship.

cradle /ˈkɹeɪdəl/ v
bercer
(transitive) To rock (a baby to sleep).

cradle cap cradle caps n
croûte de lait
(medicine, pathology) A form of seborrheic dermatitis that occurs on the scalps of infants, causing scaly, flaky, itchy, red skin.

cradle snatcher cradle snatchers n
prendre au berceau
(idiom, slang, pejorative) A person who prefers to date people significantly younger than themselves.

craft /kɹæft/ /kɹɐːft/ /kɹɑːft/ craft crafts n
ruse
Ability, skilfulness, especially skill in making plans and carrying them into execution; dexterity in managing affairs, adroitness, practical cunning; ingenuity in constructing, dexterity [9th century].
métier
(countable, plural crafts) A branch of skilled work or trade, especially one requiring manual dexterity or artistic skill, but sometimes applied equally to any business, calling or profession; the skilled practice of a practical occupation [since the 9th century].
nef
(countable, plural craft) A vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space [since the 17th century].

craftiness craftinesses n
ruse
Skill in deception, slyness.

craftsman craftsmen n
artisan
One who is highly skilled at one's trade; an artisan or artificer.

crafty /ˈkɹæfti/ /ˈkɹɑːfti/ craftier craftiest adj
rusé madré
Skillful at deceiving others.

crag /kɹæɡ/ crags n
affleurement éperon rocheux
(Northern England) A rocky outcrop; a rugged steep cliff or rock.

craggy /ˈkɹæɡ.i/ craggier craggiest adj
escarpé
Characterized by rugged, sharp, or coarse features.

cram /kɹæm/ crams n
bourrage remplissage
The act of cramming (forcing or stuffing something).

cram /kɹæm/ v
bourrer bachoter bâcler emmancher ficher fourrer
(transitive) To press, force, or drive, particularly in filling, or in thrusting one thing into another; to stuff; to fill to superfluity.
bourrer gaver farcir truffer
(transitive) To fill with food to satiety; to stuff.
bachoter
(transitive) To put hastily through an extensive course of memorizing or study, as in preparation for an examination.
bourrer bâfrer gaver remplir
(intransitive) To eat greedily, and to satiety; to stuff oneself.

cram school cram schools n
classe préparatoire prépa
(education) A specialized school that trains students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities.

cramp /kɹæmp/ cramps n
crampe
A painful contraction of a muscle which cannot be controlled.

cramped /kɹæmpt/ more cramped most cramped adj
serré être à l'étroit
Uncomfortably restricted in size or space, or financially.
bondé serré surchargé surpeuplé
Overcrowded or congested.
contracté
Tight because of or like suffering a cramp.

crampon /ˈkɹæmpɑn/ /ˈkɹæmpən/ crampons n
crampon
An attachment to a shoe or boot that provides traction by means of spikes. Used for climbing or walking on slippery surfaces, especially ice.

cranberry /ˈkræn.b(ə).ri/ /ˈkræn.bɛr.i/ cranberries n
canneberge
(countable) The edible red berry of that shrub.

cranberry juice cranberry juices n
jus de canneberge
The unfermented juice of squeezed cranberries, often mixed with water and a sweetener, used as a beverage.

crane /kɹeɪn/ cranes n
grue
Any bird of the family Gruidae, large birds with long legs and a long neck which is extended during flight.
A mechanical lifting machine or device, often used for lifting heavy loads for industrial or construction purposes.

crane /kɹeɪn/ v
étirer (le cou)
(ambitransitive) To extend (one's neck).

crane operator crane operators n
grutier grutière

cranefly /ˈkɹeɪnˌflaɪ/ craneflies n
tipule
Any of various large flies of the suborder Tipulomorpha that have slender bodies and very long legs and that resemble giant mosquitoes.

cranesbill cranesbills n
géranium
Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium found throughout the temperate zone.

cranial /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əl/ adj
crânien
(anatomy) Of or relating to the cranium, or to the skull.

cranial nerve cranial nerves n
nerf crânien
(neuroanatomy) Any of the twelve paired nerves that originate from the brainstem or base of the brain instead of the spinal cord.

craniological adj
craniologique
Of or pertaining to craniology.

craniometry craniometries n
craniométrie
The practice of taking measurements of the skull.

craniotomy craniotomies n
craniotomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure for removing a part of the skull, called a bone flap, prior to a treatment. The bone flap is replaced at the end of the operation.

cranium /ˈkɹeɪ.ni.əm/ crania craniums n
boîte crânienne
(skeleton) That part of the skull consisting of the bones enclosing the brain, but not including the bones of the face or jaw.

crank /kɹæŋk/ cranks n
manivelle
A bent piece of an axle or shaft, or an attached arm perpendicular, or nearly so, to the end of a shaft or wheel, used to impart a rotation to a wheel or other mechanical device; also used to change circular into reciprocating motion, or reciprocating into circular motion.
original tordu
(informal, British, dated in US) A person who is considered strange or odd by others, and may behave in unconventional ways.
(slang) The penis.

crank up v
monter
(idiomatic) To increase, as the volume, power or energy of something.

cranked adj
coudé
Formed with, or having, a bend or crank.

crankset cranksets n
pédalier

crankshaft crankshafts n
vilebrequin
A rotating shaft that drives (or is driven by) a crank.

cranky /ˈkɹæŋki/ crankier crankiest adj
chafouin grincheux
Grouchy, grumpy, irritable; easily upset.

crap /kɹæp/ interjection
crotte merde putain
(slang, often, _, vulgar) Expression of worry, fear, shock, surprise, disgust, annoyance, or dismay.

crap /kɹæp/ craps n
merde crotte saleté bouse ordure
(slang, mildly, vulgar, uncountable) Something worthless or of poor quality; junk.
merde conneries crotte
(slang, mildly, vulgar, uncountable) Nonsense; something untrue.
crotte caca
(slang, mildly, vulgar) Faeces/feces.

crap /kɹæp/ v
chier couler un bronze poser une pêche
(mildly, _, vulgar, slang, intransitive) To defecate.

crapper /ˈkɹæ.pɚ/ crappers n
cagoinces chiotte là où le roi va seul petit coin trône
(coarse, _, slang) A chamber pot or toilet, particularly (dated) a flush toilet by Thomas Crapper.

crappy /ˈkɹæpi/ crappier crappiest adj
merdique pourrave à chier
(chiefly, North America, colloquial, mildly, vulgar) Of very poor quality; unpleasant; distasteful.

crapshoot crapshoots n
un coup de poker
(US) A venture with a highly risky or unpredictable outcome.

craquelure /kɹæk.əˈljʊə/ /kɹæk.əˈljʊɹ/ /kɹæk.əˈlʊə/ /kɹæk.əˈlʊɹ/ craquelures n
craquelure
(arts) The distinctive pattern of hairline cracks in the surface of an old painting.

crash /kɹæʃ/ crashes n
fracas
A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals.
accident crash écrasement
An automobile, airplane, or other vehicle accident.
plantage
(computing) A malfunction of computer software or hardware which causes it to shut down or become partially or totally inoperable.
krach
(finance) A sudden large decline of business or the prices of stocks (especially one that causes additional failures).
descente
(informal) A comedown from a drug.

crash /kɹæʃ/ v
s'écraser
(intransitive) To collide with something destructively, fall or come down violently.
percuter s'incruster taper l'incruste
(transitive) To cause something to collide with something else, especially when this results in damage.
crécher pieuter
(intransitive, slang) To make or experience informal temporary living arrangements, especially overnight.
planter bugger
(computing, hardware, software, intransitive) To terminate or halt execution due to an exception.

crash barrier crash barriers n
glissière de sécurité
A barrier on the side of a road, to keep vehicles on the road.

crash course crash courses n
cours intensif formation accélérée formation courte
(idiomatic) A quick, intense course of learning, especially one which is informal or hurried.

crash helmet crash helmets n
casque casque de moto
A helmet worn by motorcyclists worn to protect the head in case of an accident.

crasis /ˈkɹeɪsɪs/ crases n
crase
(linguistics) External vowel sandhi; contraction of a vowel or diphthong at the end of a word with a vowel or diphthong at the start of the following word.

crass /kɹæs/ crasser crassest adj
grossier crasse grossière
Coarse; crude; unrefined or insensitive; lacking discrimination (in the third sense of the word).

crate /kɹeɪt/ crates n
caisse
A large open box or basket, used especially to transport fragile goods. [from 1680s]

crater /ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɹeɪ.tɚ/ craters n
cratère
(astronomy) A hemispherical pit created by the impact of a meteorite or other object. [from 1831]
(geology) The basin-like opening or mouth of a volcano, through which the chief eruption comes; similarly, the mouth of a geyser, about which a cone of silica is often built up. [from 1610s]
The pit left by the explosion of a mine or bomb. [from 1839]

crater lake crater lakes n
maar
(geology) A lake that has formed in the caldera of a volcano.

cratonic more cratonic most cratonic adj
cratonique
Of or pertaining to a craton.

cravat /kɹəˈvat/ /kɹəˈvæt/ cravats n
foulard
A wide fabric band worn as a necktie by men having long ends hanging in front.

crave /kɹeɪv/ v
désirer souhaiter
(ambitransitive) To desire strongly, so as to satisfy an appetite; to long or yearn for.
implorer
(transitive) To ask for earnestly; to beg; to claim.

craven /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/ more craven most craven adj
lâche
Unwilling to fight; lacking even the rudiments of courage; extremely cowardly.

craven /ˈkɹeɪ.vən/ cravens n
couard lâche
A coward.

craw /kɹɔː/ craws n
goitre jabot
The crop of a bird.

crawl /kɹoːl/ /kɹɑl/ /kɹɔl/ /kɹɔːl/ v
ramper grouiller grouiller de
(intransitive) To creep; to move slowly on hands and knees, or by dragging the body along the ground.
s'aplatir s'aplatir devant
(intransitive) To act in a servile manner.
avoir la chair de poule
(intransitive) To feel a swarming sensation.
faire le crawl
(intransitive, transitive) To swim using the crawl stroke.
avancer au pas
(transitive) To move over (an area) slowly, with frequent stops.
grouiller grouiller de
(transitive, internet) To visit files or web sites in order to index them for searching.

crawl space crawl spaces n
vide sanitaire
(construction) A narrow opening underneath the bottom of a building or storey used to give access to pipes, cables and other utilities.

craye crayes n
craie
A type of vessel, which was notably used in Denmark and Sweden

crayfish /ˈkɹeɪˌfɪʃ/ crayfish crayfishes n
écrevisse langoustine
Any of numerous freshwater decapod crustaceans in superfamily Astacoidea or Parastacoidea, resembling the related lobster but usually much smaller.

crayon /ˈkɹaʊn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɒ̃/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ɔn/ /ˈkɹeɪ.ən/ /ˈkɹæn/ [ˈkɹeən] [ˈkɹæɔn] [ˈkɹɛɔn] crayons n
craie de cire pastel
A stick of colored chalk or wax used for drawing.

craze /kɹeɪz/ crazes n
engouement
A temporary passion or infatuation, as for some new amusement, pursuit, or fashion; a fad.

crazed /kɹeɪzd/ more crazed most crazed adj
forcené
Maddened; driven insane.

crazing /ˈkɹeɪzɪŋ/ crazings n
faïençage
A covering of fine cracks on a hard smooth surface such as a glazed object or car exterior.

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazier craziest adj
fou avoir une araignée au plafond chtarbé dingo dérangé insensé
Of unsound mind; insane; demented. [from 17th c.]
fou
Out of control.

crazy /ˈkɹeɪ.zi/ /ˈkɹæɪ̯zi/ crazies n
fou folle
(slang, countable) An insane or eccentric person; a crackpot.

creak /kɹiːk/ creaks n
craquement
The sound produced by anything that creaks; a creaking.

creak /kɹiːk/ v
craquer
(intransitive) To make a prolonged sharp grating or squeaking sound, as by the friction of hard substances.

creaky /ˈkɹiːki/ creakier creakiest adj
grinçant gémissant
Tending to creak

cream /kɹiːm/ adj
crème
Cream-coloured; having a yellowish white colour.

cream /kɹiːm/ creams n
crème crème de la crème fin du fin fine fleur fleur
The butterfat/milkfat part of milk which rises to the top; this part when separated from the remainder.
crème
A yellowish white colour; the colour of cream.
crème onguent
(medicine) A viscous aqueous oil/fat emulsion with a medicament added, used to apply that medicament to the skin. (compare with ointment)
foutre jus
(vulgar, slang) Semen.

cream /kɹiːm/ v
démolir poutrer écraser
(slang) To obliterate, to defeat decisively.

cream cheese cream cheeses n
cream cheese fromage en crème
(countable, and, uncountable) A soft, mild-tasting, white cheese that comes from cow’s milk.

cream of tartar n
crème de tartre
(chemistry) Potassium hydrogen tartrate (also called potassium bitartrate), a byproduct of wine manufacture, used in baking powder and in cooking to stabilize beaten egg whites.

cream of the crop n
crème de la crème
(idiom) The best or most desirable among some selection.

cream puff cream puffs n
chou chou à la crème
A light, hollow pastry typically filled with cream or custard.

cream soda cream sodas n
soda mousse
Soda water flavoured with vanilla etc.

cream-colored courser cream-colored coursers n
courvite isabelle
A wader, Cursorius cursor.

creamery creameries n
crémerie
A place where dairy products are prepared or sold.

creampie /kɹiːmˈpaɪ/ /ˈkɹiːmˌpaɪ/ creampies n
creampie
(pornography) Semen visibly displayed after ejaculation in the vagina or anus.

creamy /ˈkɹiːmi/ creamier creamiest adj
crémeux crémeuse
Containing cream.
crémeux crème
Of food or drink, having the rich taste or thick, smooth texture of cream, whether or not it actually contains cream.
crémeux
Of any liquid, having the thick texture of cream.
crème
Having the colour of cream.

crease /kɹiːs/ creases n
pli
A line or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance; hence, a similar mark, however produced.

creased /kɹiːst/ more creased most creased adj
froissé
Having a crease or creases.

create /kɹiːˈeɪt/ v
créer
(especially, of a, god) To bring into existence out of nothing, without the prior existence of the materials or elements used.
(transitive) To bring into existence; (sometimes in particular:)
To make#Verb or produce#Verb from other (e.g. raw, unrefined or scattered) materials or combinable elements or ideas; to design or invest with a new form, shape, function, etc.
nommer
(transitive) To confer or invest with a rank or title of nobility, to appoint, ordain or constitute.

creatine /ˈkɹi.əˌtin/ /ˈkɹiː.əˌtiːn/ creatines n
créatine
(amino acid) An amino acid, 2-(carbamimidoyl-methyl- amino)acetic acid, which naturally occurs in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle and nerve cells.

creatine kinase creatine kinases n
créatine kinase
(enzyme) An enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of creatine and uses adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to create phosphocreatine and adenosine diphosphate (ADP).

creatinine /kɹiˈæ.təˌnin/ /kɹiːˈæ.təˌniːn/ creatinines n
créatinine
(biochemistry) A heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-1-methyl-5H-imidazol-4-one, formed by the metabolism of creatine.

creation /kɹiːˈeɪʃən/ [kɹiːˈʲeɪʃɘn] creations n
création
(countable) Something created such as an invention or artwork.
(uncountable) The act of creating something.
(uncountable) All which exists.

creationism /kɹiˈeɪʃənɪzəm/ creationisms n
créationnisme
Any creationary belief, especially a belief that the origin of things is due to an event or process of creation brought about by the deliberate act of any divine agency, such as a Creator God.

creationist more creationist most creationist adj
créationniste
Of or relating to creationism.

creationist creationists n
créationniste
A proponent or supporter of creationism.

creationistic more creationistic most creationistic adj
créationniste
Of or pertaining to creationism.

creative /kɹiˈeɪtɪv/ more creative most creative adj
créatif
Tending to create things, or having the ability to create; often, excellently, in a novel fashion, or any or all of these.
(of a created thing) Original, expressive and imaginative.

creative /kɹiˈeɪtɪv/ creatives n
créatif créative
(countable) A person directly involved in a creative marketing process.

creativity /-ɾi/ /kɹieɪˈtɪvəti/ /kɹieɪˈtɪvɪti/ creativities n
créativité
The ability to use imagination to produce a novel idea or product.

creator /kɹiˈeɪtɚ/ /kɹiːˈeɪtə/ creators creatress creatrix n
créateur créatrice
(social media) Ellipsis of content creator, someone who regularly produces and publishes content on social media, especially of a monetizable nature.
créateur
(religion, sometimes, capitalized) The deity that created the world.

creature /kɹiːˈeɪtjʊə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃə/ /ˈkɹiːt͡ʃɚ/ creatures n
créature être
A living being, such as an animal, monster, or alien.

credence /ˈkɹiː.dəns/ credences n
crédit
(uncountable) Acceptance of a belief or claim as true, especially on the basis of evidence.

credential /kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/ credentials n
accréditation
(informal) Evidence of skill or excellence.

credentialism /kɹəˈdɛn.ʃə.lɪ.zəm/ n
crédentialisme inflation des diplômes inflation scolaire
Excessive emphasis on the importance of educational, academic, legal, or regulatory qualifications.

credibility /kɹɛd.ə.ˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/ credibilities n
crédibilité
Reputation impacting one's ability to be believed.

credible /ˈkɹɛdəbəl/ more credible most credible adj
crédible
Believable or plausible.
Authentic or convincing.

credibly more credibly most credibly adv
crédiblement
In a credible manner; believably.

credit /ˈkɹɛdɪt/ credits n
crédit mérite reconnaissance
(uncountable) Recognition, respect and admiration.
attribution
(countable) Acknowledgement of a contribution, especially in the performing arts.
A nominal unit of value assigned outside of a currency system.
générique
(television/film, usually, in the plural) Written titles and other information about the TV program or movie shown at the beginning and/or end of the TV program or movie.
crédit
(uncountable, law, business, finance) A privilege of delayed payment extended to a buyer or borrower on the seller's or lender's belief that what is given will be repaid.
(accounting) An addition to certain accounts; the side of an account on which payments received are entered.
(uncountable) Recognition for having taken a course (class).
(countable) A course credit, a credit hour – used as measure if enough courses have been taken for graduation.

credit balance credit balances n
solde créditeur
(accounting) The amount by which credits exceed debits.

credit card credit cards n
carte de crédit
(banking) A plastic card, usually with a magnetic strip or an embedded microchip, connected to a credit account and used to buy goods or services.

credit institution credit institutions n
établissement de crédit

credit note credit notes n
note de crédit
A commercial document issued by a seller to adjust downwards the amount of an invoice already issued, i.e. to cancel part or all of it.

credit score credit scores n
évaluation des risques-clients
(finance) A measure of credit risk, usually for a consumer, calculated from credit information using a standardized formula.

credit union credit unions n
banque coopérative
(finance) A financial cooperative similar to a bank but owned and controlled by its members, often restricted to a local area or sometimes to a single profession.

credit where credit's due phraseologicalUnit
rendre à César ce qui est à César à tout seigneur tout honneur
Used to justly praise someone for their achievement or contribution.

creditor creditors n
créancier créancière
(finance) A person to whom a debt is owed.

credo /ˈkɹeɪdoʊ/ /ˈkɹeɪdəʊ/ /ˈkɹidoʊ/ /ˈkɹidəʊ/ credoes credos n
crédo
A statement of a belief or a summary statement of a whole belief system; also (metonymically) the belief or belief system itself.

credulous /ˈkɹɛdjələs/ /ˈkɹɛd͡ʒələs/ more credulous most credulous adj
crédule
Excessively ready to believe things; gullible.

creed /kɹid/ /kɹiːd/ creeds n
crédo
That which is believed; accepted doctrine, especially religious doctrine; a particular set of beliefs; any summary of principles or opinions professed or adhered to.
(specifically, religion) A reading or statement of belief that summarizes the faith it represents; a confession of faith for public use, especially one which is brief and comprehensive.

creek /kɹik/ /kɹiːk/ /kɹɪk/ [kɹiːk] [kɹɪ(ː)k] creeks n
crique
(British) A small inlet or bay, often saltwater, narrower and extending farther into the land than a cove; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a river; the inner part of a port that is used as a dock for small boats.
ruisseau
(Australia, New Zealand, Canada, US) A stream of water (often freshwater) smaller than a river and larger than a brook; in Australia, also used of river-sized bodies of water.

creel /kɹiːl/ creels n
nasse
(fishing) An osier basket that anglers use to hold fish.

creep /kɹiːp/ [kʰɹiːp] creeps n
rampement
The movement of something that creeps (like worms or snails).
fatigue fluage
(materials science) An increase in strain with time; the gradual flow or deformation of a material under stress.
reptation
(geology) The imperceptible downslope movement of surface rock.

creep /kɹiːp/ [kʰɹiːp] v
ramper
(intransitive, of plants) To grow across a surface rather than upwards.

creeper /ˈkɹipɚ/ creepers n
plante grimpante
Any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping, especially a climbing plant of the genus Parthenocissus.

creeping gromwell creeping gromwells n
grémil couché grémil à rameaux étalés
(botany) Glandora prostrata.

creepy /ˈkɹipi/ /ˈkɹiːpi/ creepier creepiest adj
angoissant flippant
(informal) Producing an uneasy fearful sensation, as of things crawling over one's skin.
flippant
(informal) Causing discomfort or repulsion due to strange or eccentric behaviour.

crema n
crème
The light-colored, orangish head of foam on a cup of espresso.
crème fraîche
A Mexican foodstuff, the Mexican version of crème fraîche or sour cream. Its fat content is usually higher than that of sour cream, and it is thinner and less sour.

cremaster /kɹiˈmæstəɹ/ /kɹiːˈmastə/ cremasters n
crémaster
(anatomy) A thin muscle attached to the testicles.

cremate /kɹəˈmeɪt/ /kɹɪˈmeɪt/ /ˈkɹimeɪt/ v
incinérer
(transitive) To burn something to ashes.
incinérer crématiser
(transitive) To incinerate a dead body (as an alternative to burial).

cremation /kɹɪˈmeɪʃən/ cremations n
crémation
A burning; especially the act or practice of cremating the dead, burning a corpse.

crematorium /kɹiːməˈtɔːɹi.əm/ /kɹɛməˈtɔːɹɪəm/ crematoria crematoriums n
crématorium
A place where the bodies of dead people are cremated.

crenel /ˈkɹɛnəl/ creneaux crenels n
créneau
The space between merlons in a crenelated battlement.

crenellate /ˈkɹɛnəˌleɪt/ /ˈkɹɛnɛleɪt/ v
créneler

crenellation /ˌkɹɛnəlˈeɪʃən/ /ˌkɹɛnəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌkɹɛnɪˈleɪʃən/ crenellations n
créneaux
(countable, uncountable) A pattern along the top of a parapet (fortified wall), most often in the form of multiple, regular, rectangular spaces in the top of the wall, through which arrows or other weaponry may be shot, especially as used in medieval European architecture.

creole /ˈkɹi.əʊl/ /ˈkɹioʊl/ creoles n
créole langue créole
(linguistics) A language formed from two or more languages which has developed from a pidgin to become a first language.

creolistics n
créolistique
(linguistics) The branch of linguistics concerned with the study of creole languages and literatures.

creosol creosols n
créosol
(organic compound) The methoxy phenol 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol that is a constituent of creosote

creosote /ˈkɹiːəˌsoʊt/ /ˈkɹiːəˌsəʊt/ creosotes n
créosote
A similar brown liquid obtained from coal tar used as a wood preservative.

creosote /ˈkɹiːəˌsoʊt/ /ˈkɹiːəˌsəʊt/ v
créosoter
To apply creosote.

creosote bush creosote bushes n
créosotier
A common North American desert shrub used as a medicinal herb, Larrea tridentata.

crepe /kɹeɪp/ /kɹɛp/ crepes n
crêpe
A soft thin light fabric with a crinkled surface.
Crepe paper; thin, crinkled tissue paper.

crepenynic acid n
acide crépénynique

creperie creperies n
crêperie
A crêperie; a restaurant that specializes in crêpes.

crepitation crepitations n
crépitation
A grating or crackling sensation or sound, as that produced by rubbing two fragments of a broken bone together, or by pressing upon cellular tissue containing air.

crepuscular /kɹɪˈpʌs.kjə.lɚ/ /kɹɪˈpʌs.kjʊ.lə/ more crepuscular most crepuscular adj
crépusculaire
Of or resembling twilight; dim.
(zoology) Active at or around dusk, dawn or twilight.

crepuscule /kɹɪˈpʌs.kjul/ /ˈkɹɛp.əˌskjul/ /ˈkɹɛp.ʊˌskjuːl/ crepuscules n
crépuscule
(now, _, rare) Twilight.

crescent /ˈkɹɛ.sənt/ /ˈkɹɛ.zənt/ crescents n
croissant
The figure of the moon as it appears between its first or last quarter and the new moon, with concave and convex edges terminating in points.
A curved pastry.

crescent moon crescent moons n
croissant de lune
The Moon as it appears early in its first quarter or late in its last quarter, when only a small arc-shaped section of the visible portion is illuminated by the Sun.

cress /kɹɛs/ cresses n
cresson
(plants) A plant of various species, chiefly cruciferous. The leaves have a moderately pungent taste, and are used as a salad and antiscorbutic.

crest /kɹɛst/ crests n
crête
The summit of a hill or mountain ridge.
A tuft, or other natural ornament, growing on an animal's head, for example the comb of a cockerel, the swelling on the head of a snake, the lengthened feathers of the crown or nape of bird, etc.
The ridge or top of a wave.
The ornamental finishing which surmounts the ridge of a roof, canopy, etc.
aigrette huppe
The plume of feathers, or other decoration, worn on or displayed on a helmet; the distinctive ornament of a helmet.
cimier
(heraldry) A bearing worn, not upon the shield, but usually on a helmet above it, sometimes (as for clerics) separately above the shield or separately as a mark for plate, in letterheads, and the like.
crinière
The upper curve of a horse's neck.

crested honey buzzard crested honey buzzards n
bondrée orientale
Pernis ptilorhynchus, is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

crested lark crested larks n
cochevis huppé
A small, non-migratory lark found throughout most of temperate Eurasia (Galerida cristata).

crested penguin crested penguins n
gorfou
A small penguin from New Zealand and the Falkland islands

crested screamer crested screamers n
kamichi à collier
Chauna torquata, a species of birds of the small family Anhimidae, found in South America.

crestfallen /ˈkɹɛstfɑlən/ /ˈkɹɛstfɔlən/ /ˈkɹɛstfɔːlən/ more crestfallen most crestfallen adj
déçu abattu
Sad because of a disappointment.

cretaceous /kɹəˈteɪ.ʃəs/ adj
crayeux
Of or relating to chalk.
crayeux crétacé
Consisting of chalk.

cretin /ˈkɹiːtɪn/ /ˈkɹɛtɪn/ cretins n
crétin
(pathology) A person who fails to develop mentally and physically due to a congenital hypothyroidism. [from 1779]
(by extension, pejorative) An idiot.

cretinism cretinisms n
crétinisme
(disease) A condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth due to the untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormones.

cretinously more cretinously most cretinously adv
stupidement
In a cretinous manner.

cretonne cretonnes n
cretonne
A strong, heavy fabric of cotton, linen or rayon, used to make curtains and upholstery.

crevasse /kɹəˈvæs/ crevasses n
crevasse
A crack or fissure in a glacier or snowfield; a chasm.

crevice /ˈkɹɛvɪs/ crevices n
fissure anfractuosité fente
A narrow crack or fissure, as in a rock or wall.

crew /kɹu/ /kɹuː/ [kɹuʊ̯] crews n
équipage équipe
A group of people (often staff) manning and operating a large facility or piece of equipment such as a factory, ship, boat, airplane, or spacecraft.
équipe
A group of people working together on a task.
équipage
(nautical, plural: crew) A member of a ship's company who is not an officer.

crew cut crew cuts n
brosse
A closely-cropped male haircut in which the hairs stick upward, like the short bristles of a brush.

crew sock crew socks n
mi-mollet chaussette
A sock that extends to the mid calf and is often characterized by being ribbed above the ankle.

crewmember /kɹuːˈmɛmbə/ /kɹuːˈmɛmbɚ/ crewmembers n
membre d’équipage

cri du chat syndrome n
maladie du cri du chat syndrome du cri du chat
(medicine) A rare genetic disorder identified by the catlike cry of the infant, caused by an absence of some genetic material on the fifth chromosome.

crib /kɹɪb/ cribs n
berceau
(US) A baby’s bed with high, often slatted, often moveable sides, suitable for a child who has outgrown a cradle or bassinet.
huche
A manger, a feeding trough for animals elevated off the earth or floor, especially one for fodder such as hay.
antisèche
(usually, in the plural) A collection of quotes or references for use in speaking, for assembling a written document, or as an aid to a project of some sort; a crib sheet.

cribbage /ˈkɹɪbɪd͡ʒ/ cribbages n
crib
(card games) A point-counting card game for two players, with variants for three or four players; the cribbage board used for scoring to 61 or 121 points in numerous small increments is characteristic.

cribellum /kɹɪˈbɛləm/ cribella n
cribellum
(zoology) A spinning organ having many fine pores, situated in front of the spinners in some araneomorph spiders.

cricket /ˈkɹɪkɪt/ n
grillon cri-cri criquet
An insect in the order Orthoptera, especially family Gryllidae, that makes a chirping sound by rubbing its wing casings against combs on its hind legs.
cricket
A variant of the game of darts. See Cricket (darts).

cricoid /ˈkɹaɪˌkɔɪd/ /ˈkɹʌɪ.kɔɪd/ cricoids n
cricoïde

cricoidectomy n
cricoïdectomie

cricothyrotomy cricothyrotomies n
coniotomie cricothyroïdotomie
(surgery) An incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations, such as airway obstruction by a foreign body, angioedema, or massive facial trauma.

crikey /kɹɑɪki/ interjection
crique morbleu palsambleu parbleu
(UK, Ireland, Newfoundland, AU, NZ, Commonwealth) An exclamation of astonishment.

crime /kɹaɪm/ crimes n
crime délit délinquer
(countable) A specific act committed in violation of the law.
crime délit
(uncountable) The habit or practice of committing crimes.

crime against humanity crimes against humanity n
crime contre l'humanité
(now, chiefly, legal) A very destructive and immoral act; later specifically, something causing widespread human misery or loss of life; an atrocity. [from 17th c.]

crime doesn't pay /kɹaɪm ˈdʌzˌənt peɪ/ proverb
le crime ne paie pas
If you commit a crime you will most likely be punished for it.

crime of passion crimes of passion n
crime passionnel
(law, criminology) A crime, typically a violent crime such as assault or murder, committed against a loved one because of sudden jealous rage or heartbreak rather than as a premeditated act.

crime scene crime scenes n
scène de crime
The location of a crime, especially one at which forensic evidence is collected in a controlled manner.

criminal /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/ /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/ more criminal most criminal adj
criminel
Against the law; forbidden by law.
Guilty of breaking the law.
Of or relating to crime or penal law.

criminal /ˈkɹɪm.ə.nəl/ /ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/ criminals n
criminel criminelle
A person who is guilty of a crime, notably breaking the law.

criminal code criminal codes n
code pénal code criminel
(legal) A document which compiles all, or a significant amount of, a particular jurisdiction's criminal law.

criminal law criminal laws n
droit pénal droit criminel
(legal) The area of law pertaining to crime and punishment.

criminal lawyer criminal lawyers n
pénaliste

criminal record criminal records n
casier casier judiciaire
A record of past crimes of which an individual has been convicted.

criminality criminalities n
criminalité
(uncountable) The state of being criminal.

criminalization /ˌkɹɪmɪnəlaɪzˈeɪʃən/ criminalizations n
criminalisation pénalisation
The act of making a previously legal activity illegal, the act of making something a criminal offence.

criminalize v
criminaliser
(transitive) To make (something) a crime; to make illegal under criminal law; to ban.
(transitive) To treat as a criminal.

criminogenic more criminogenic most criminogenic adj
criminogène
Tending to produce crime or criminals.

criminological more criminological most criminological adj
criminologique
Of or pertaining to criminology.

criminologist /ˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ criminologists n
criminologiste
A person who is skilled in, or practices criminology

criminology criminologies n
criminologie
The study of crime and criminals, especially their behaviour.

crimp /kɹɪmp/ v
sertir
(electricity) To fasten by bending metal so that it squeezes around the parts to be fastened.

crimping tool crimping tools n
pince à sertir

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ more crimson most crimson adj
cramoisi
Having a deep red colour.

crimson /ˈkɹɪmsən/ /ˈkɹɪmzən/ crimsons n
cramoisi carmin pourpre
A deep, slightly bluish red.

cringe /kɹɪnd͡ʒ/ cringes n
se faire tout petit
(countable) A gesture or posture of cringing (recoiling or shrinking).

cringe /kɹɪnd͡ʒ/ v
grincer des dents
(intransitive) To cower, flinch, recoil, shrink, or tense, as in disgust, embarrassment, or fear.
gêner
(intransitive, figuratively) To experience an inward feeling of disgust, embarrassment, or fear; (by extension) to feel very embarrassed.

cringeworthy /ˈkɹɪndʒˌwɜːð.i/ /ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒˌwɝð.i/ more cringeworthy most cringeworthy adj
embarrassant malaisant
(colloquial) That causes one to cringe with embarrassment; embarrassing.

crinkle /ˈkɹɪŋkəl/ v
froisser
(ambitransitive) To fold, crease, crumple, or wad.
froufrouter
(intransitive) To rustle, as stiff cloth when moved.

crinkly crinklier crinkliest more crinkly most crinkly adj
froufroutant
That crinkles.

crinoline /ˈkɹɪnəlɪn/ crinolines n
crinoline
A stiff petticoat made from this fabric.

cripple /ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/ cripples n
estropié infirme
(sometimes, _, offensive) A person who has severely impaired physical abilities because of deformation, injury, or amputation of parts of the body.

cripple /ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/ v
estropier
To make someone a cripple; to cause someone to become physically impaired.
bridé
To release a product (especially a computer program) with reduced functionality, in some cases, making the item essentially worthless.

crippled adj
estropié
(usually, _, offensive) Having any difficulty or impediment which can be likened to a crippling injury.

crisis /ˈkɹaɪsɪs/ crises n
crise
A crucial or decisive point or situation; a turning point.
An unstable situation, in political, social, economic or military affairs, especially one involving an impending abrupt change.
(medicine) A sudden change in the course of a disease, usually at which point the patient is expected to either recover or die.
(psychology) A traumatic or stressful change in a person's life.
(drama) A point in a drama at which a conflict reaches a peak before being resolved.

crisp /kɹɪsp/ crisper crispest adj
net
(of something seen or heard) Sharp, clearly defined.
croquant croustillant
Possessing a certain degree of firmness and freshness.

crispy /ˈkɹɪs.pi/ crispier crispiest adj
croustillant
Having a crisp texture; brittle yet tender.

crisscross /ˈkɹɪs.ˌkɹɒs/ [ˈkɹɪs.ˌkɹɒs] [ˈkɹɪs.ˌkɹɔs] v
sillonner
(transitive) To move back and forth over or through.

cristate more cristate most cristate adj
cristé crêté
Having a crest; crested.

criterion /kɹaɪˈtɪə.ɹi.ən/ /kɹaɪˈtɪɹ.i.ən/ /kɹɪˈtɪəɹi.ən/ criteria n
critère
A standard or test by which individual things or people may be compared and judged.

critic /ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/ critics n
détracteur détractrice
critique
A person who appraises the works of others.
A specialist in judging works of art.
One who criticizes; a person who finds fault.

critical /ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/ [ˈkɹɪɾ.ɪ.kəl] more critical most critical adj
critique
Inclined to find fault or criticize.
Pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning point.
Extremely important.
(medicine) Of a patient condition involving unstable vital signs and a prognosis that predicts the condition could worsen; or, a patient condition that requires urgent treatment in an intensive care or critical care medical facility.
Likely to go out of control if disturbed, that is, opposite of stable.
(physics) Of a temperature that is equal to the temperature of the critical point of a substance, i.e. the temperature above which the substance cannot be liquefied.

critical apparatus n
apparat critique
The critical and primary source material that accompanies an edition of a text.

critical condition n
état critique
(medicine) A precarious state of health of a person, who is in need of intensive care to remain alive. (This entry is a translation hub.)

critical mass critical masses n
masse critique
(nuclear physics) The amount of fissile material needed to support a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.

critical point critical points n
point critique
(thermodynamics) The temperature and pressure at which the vapour density of the gas and liquid phases of a fluid are equal, at which point there is no difference between gas and liquid.
(mathematics) A maximum, minimum or point of inflection on a curve; a point at which the derivative of a function is zero or undefined.

critical race theory n
théorie critique de la race

critical section critical sections n
section critique
(programming) A piece of code that accesses a shared resource that must not be concurrently accessed by more than one thread of execution.

critical thinking n
esprit critique pensée critique
The application of logical principles, rigorous standards of evidence, and careful reasoning to the analysis and discussion of claims, beliefs, and issues.

criticism /ˈkɹɪtɪsɪzəm/ criticisms n
critique
(uncountable) The act of criticising; a critical judgment passed or expressed

criticize /ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/ v
critiquer
To find fault (with something).
To evaluate (something), assessing its merits and faults.

critique /kɹɪˈtik/ /kɹɪˈtiːk/ critiques n
critique
(countable) An essay in which another piece of work is criticised, reviewed, etc.

critter /ˈkɹɪtə/ /ˈkɹɪtɚ/ critters n
bestiole bébête
(usually, affectionate) A creature, an animal.

croak /kɹoʊk/ /kɹəʊk/ croaks n
coassement
The call of a frog or toad. (see also ribbit)

croak /kɹoʊk/ /kɹəʊk/ v
coasser croasser
(intransitive) To make a croak.
coasser
(intransitive, of a frog, toad, raven, or various other birds or animals) To make its sound.
crever clamser
(slang) To die.
crever buter clamser
To complain; especially, to grumble; to forebode evil; to utter complaints or forebodings habitually.

crochet /kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/ crochets n
crochet
Needlework made by looping thread with a hooked needle.

crockery /ˈkrɒkɹi/ /ˈkɹɑk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkɹɒkəɹi/ crockeries n
vaisselle
Dishes, plates, and similar tableware collectively, usually made of some ceramic material, used for serving food on and eating from.

crocket crockets n
crochet
(architectural element) Any of a series of hook-shaped decorative floral elements used in Gothic architecture.

crocodile /ˈkɹɑkədaɪl/ /ˈkɹɒkədaɪl/ [ˈkʰɹɑkədaɪɫ] crocodiles n
crocodile
Any of the predatory amphibious reptiles of the family Crocodylidae; (loosely) a crocodilian, any species of the order Crocodilia, which also includes the alligators, caimans and gavials.

crocodile bird crocodile birds n
pluvian
The Egyptian plover, Pluvianus aegyptius

crocodile tear /ˈkɹɑkədaɪl ˌtɪɹ/ /ˈkɹɒkədaɪl ˌtɪə/ crocodile tears n
larmes de crocodile
(idiomatic) A tear shed insincerely, in a false display of sorrow or some other emotion.
(idiomatic, in the plural) A display of tears that is forced or false.

crocodilian /ˌkɹɒkəˈdɪliən/ crocodilians n
crocodilien
Any reptile of the order Crocodilia; a crocodile, alligator, caiman or gavial.

crocoite crocoites n
crocoïte
(mineral) A rare red mineral; lead chromate, PbCrO4.

crocus /ˈkɹoʊ.kəs/ /ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/ croci crocus crocuses n
crocus
A perennial flowering plant (of the genus Crocus in the Iridaceae family). Saffron is obtained from the stamens of Crocus sativus.

croissandwich croissandwiches n
croissandwich

croissant /k(ɹ)waˈsɑ̃/ /k(ɹ)wɑˈsɑ̃/ /kwə-/ /kɹɘˈsɔnt/ /kɹə-/ /kɹəˈsɑnt/ /kɹəˈsɔnt/ /ˈk(ɹ)wæsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wɑːsɒ̃/ /ˈk(ɹ)wʌsɒ̃/ croissants n
croissant
A flaky roll or pastry in a form of a crescent.

cromlech /ˈkɹɑmlɛk/ /ˈkɹɒmlɛk/ cromlechs n
cromlec'h cromlech
A dolmen or ancient underground tomb in Wales, usually made with stones disposed in a circular shape.

crone /kɹoʊn/ /kɹəʊn/ crones n
sorcière mégère
An ugly, evil-looking, or frightening old woman; a hag.
vieille
(obsolete) An old man, especially one who talks and acts like an old woman.

crono- prefix
krono-

cronocentric more cronocentric most cronocentric adj
kronocentrique
(astronomy) Having the planet Saturn at the center.

cronocentric orbit cronocentric orbits n
orbite kronocentrique

cronut /ˈkɹoʊnʌt/ /ˈkɹəʊnʌt/ cronuts n
cronut
A pastry which combines characteristics of a croissant and a donut.

cronyism /ˈkɹoʊniˌɪzəm/ /ˈkɹəʊnɪɪz(ə)m/ cronyisms n
copinage favoritisme
(originally, US, derogatory) Favouritism to friends without regard for their qualifications; especially (politics) , in their appointment to political positions.

crook /kɹuːk/ /kɹʊk/ crooks n
courbe
(obsolete) A support beam consisting of a post with a cross-beam resting upon it; a bracket or truss consisting of a vertical piece, a horizontal piece, and a strut.
houlette
A specialized staff with a semi-circular bend (a "hook") at one end used by shepherds to control their herds.
escroc arnaqueur
A person who steals, lies, cheats or does other dishonest or illegal things; a criminal.

crook /kɹuːk/ /kɹʊk/ v
courber
To turn from the path of rectitude; to pervert; to misapply; to twist.

crooked /ˈkɹʊkɪd/ more crooked most crooked adj
courbé tortueux
Not straight; having one or more bends or angles.
tordu
Set at an angle; not vertical or square.
(figuratively) Dishonest or illegal; corrupt.

crooner /ˈkɹuːn.ə(ɹ)/ crooners n
chanteur de charme
One who croons; a singer, usually male, especially of popular music.

crop /kɹɑp/ /kɹɒp/ crops n
récolte
The natural production for a specific year, particularly of plants.
cravache
An entire short whip, especially as used in horse-riding.
jabot
(anatomy) A pouch-like part of the alimentary tract of some birds (and some other animals), used to store food before digestion or for regurgitation.

crop /kɹɑp/ /kɹɒp/ v
découper rogner
(transitive) To remove the outer parts of a photograph or other image, typically in order to frame the subject better.

crop circle crop circles n
agroglyphe
An area in a field of crops where the stalks have been flattened into a circle or other geometric shape.

crop milk crop milks n
lait de jabot lait de pigeon
A semi-solid substance, somewhat like pale yellow cottage cheese, secreted from the lining of the crop of (both male and female) pigeons and doves that is fed to their young (squabs) through regurgitation. An analog to crop milk is also secreted from the esophagus of flamingos and some penguins.

crop rotation crop rotations n
assolement
(agriculture) A farming practice in which the same land is used to grow different crops in successive seasons or years (when once the land would have been left fallow); used to prevent erosion and increase fertility.

crop top /ˈkɹɒp ˌtɒp/ crop tops n
haut court
A short T-shirt or blouse that is cut off above the abdomen.

croquembouche /ˌkɹɑkəmˈbuʃ/ /ˌkɹɒkɒmˈbuːʃ/ croquembouches n
croquembouche
A French dessert made by piling profiteroles and other crunchy sweets in a tall shape, then pouring caramel over them to hold them in place.

croquet /kɹoʊˈkeɪ/ /ˈkɹəʊkeɪ/ /ˈkɹəʊki/ croquets n
croquet
(uncountable, games) A game played on a lawn, in which players use mallets to drive balls through hoops (wickets).

croquette /kɹoʊˈkɛt/ croquettes n
croquette
(culinary) A minced, cooked food (usually meat or vegetables), which is deep-fried in fat and sometimes sprinkled with breadcrumbs.

croquis /kɹoʊˈkiː/ croquis n
croquis
(arts) A quick and sketchy drawing, often of a live model. Croquis drawings are usually made in a few minutes, after which the model changes pose and another croquis is drawn.

crosier /ˈkɹoʊʒɚ/ /ˈkɹəʊzi.ə/ /ˈkɹəʊʒə/ crosiers n
crosse
A staff with a hooked end similar to a shepherd's crook, or with a cross at the end, carried by an abbot, bishop, or archbishop as a symbol of office.

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ crosser crossest adj
transversal transversale
Transverse; lying across the main direction.
contraire
(archaic) Opposite, opposed to.
fâché contrarié
(chiefly, British, Ottawa Valley) Bad-tempered, angry, annoyed.

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ crosses n
croix
A geometrical figure consisting of two straight lines or bars intersecting each other such that at least one of them is bisected by the other.
(heraldiccharge) Any geometric figure having this or a similar shape, such as a cross of Lorraine or a Maltese cross.
A wooden post with a perpendicular beam attached and used (especially in the Roman Empire) to execute criminals (by crucifixion).
(Christianity) The Crucifix, the cross on which Christ was crucified.
(figurative, from Christ's bearing of the cross) A difficult situation that must be endured.
A place where roads intersect and lead off in four directions; a crossroad (common in UK and Irish place names such as Gerrards Cross).
signe de croix croix
(Christianity) A hand gesture made in imitation of the shape of the Cross; sign of the Cross.
direct du bras arrière
(boxing) A hook thrown over the opponent's punch.

cross /kɹɑs/ /kɹɒs/ /kɹɔs/ v
barrer
To mark with an X.
croiser
To make or form a cross.
(intransitive) To travel in a direction or path that will intersect with that of another.
faire le signe de la croix signer
(reflexive, to cross oneself) To make the sign of the cross over oneself.
traverser franchir
(football) To pass the ball from one side of the pitch to the other side.
contrecarrer déjouer
(transitive) To contradict (another) or frustrate the plans of.

cross country cross countries cross countrys n
cross-country
(sports) A running sport popular in US high schools, colleges, etc., where participants race over varying terrain (e.g. golf courses, roads, etc.) in approximately 5- to 10-kilometre races. Abbreviated XC.

cross my heart and hope to die v
croix de bois, croix de fer, si je mens, je vais en enfer

cross one's arms v
se croiser les bras
(intransitive) To link one's arms together across one's chest.

cross one's fingers v
croiser les doigts
To put the middle finger across the index finger, especially:
when telling a lie (and attempting to escape the moral and other consequence of that lie).
croiser les doigts tenir les pouces
when wishing for luck, or

cross one's legs v
croiser les jambes
(intransitive) To place one leg over the other, especially while sitting down.

cross oneself v
se signer
(Christianity) To make the sign of the cross.

cross out v
rayer barrer biffer supprimer
(idiomatic, transitive) To strike out; to draw a line through.

cross section cross sections n
section transversale
A section formed by a plane cutting through an object, usually at right angles to an axis.
section efficace
(physics) The probability that a particular nuclear reaction will take place.

cross someone's mind v
traverser l'esprit venir à l'esprit

cross swords v
croiser le fer se prendre de bec
(idiomatic) To quarrel or argue with someone; to have a dispute with someone.

cross tabulation cross tabulations n
tableau croisé
(statistics) A presentation of data about categorical variable in a tabular form to aid in identifying a relationship between the variables.

cross that bridge when one comes to it v
voir le moment venu
(idiomatic) To deal with a problem or situation only if and when it arises.

cross the Rubicon v
franchir le Rubicon passer le Rubicon
(idiomatic) To make an irreversible decision or to take an action with consequences.

cross the line v
dépasser les bornes
(idiomatic) To overstep a boundary, rule, or limit; to go too far or do something unacceptable.

cross-border adj
transfrontalier
Taking place across a border.

cross-browser adj
inter-navigateur

cross-channel adj
outre-Manche transmanche
(chiefly, Irish, dated, _, in, _, Britain) Relating to the body of water between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland (the Irish Sea, Saint George's Channel, and the North Channel); to, from, or in the other of the two islands

cross-country skiing n
ski de fond
(sports) An endurance sport and method of getting about involving travelling on skis, uphill as well as downhill .
(skiing) A leisure activity using cross-country skis and ski poles for traversing natural terrain during winter.

cross-cousin cross-cousins n
cousin croisé
(anthropology) The child of one's father's sister or of one's mother's brother; a cousin related via opposite-gender siblings rather than same-gender ones (the latter being a parallel cousin).

cross-dresser /ˈkɹɑsˌdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˈkɹɒsˌdɹɛ.sə/ /ˈkɹɔsˌdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˌkɹɑsˈdɹɛ.sɚ/ /ˌkɹɔsˈdɹɛ.sɚ/ cross-dressers n
travelo travesti
A person who wears clothing which society considers appropriate only for members of the opposite sex.

cross-dressing v
transformisme
wearing clothes of the opposite gender

cross-examination cross-examinations n
contre-interrogatoire
(legal) The interrogation or questioning of a witness by the party against whom they have been called and examined, in an attempt to prove or reveal something false or untold during direct examination.

cross-eyed more cross-eyed most cross-eyed adj
bigle bigleux

cross-lag cross-lags n
étude longitudinale correlationnelle
The statistical relation between two facts at two different times

cross-platform adj
multi-plateforme multiplate-forme multiplateforme
(computing) Of software, etc., designed to work on various operating systems.

cross-ratio cross-ratios n
birapport
(geometry) A special number associated with an ordered quadruple of collinear points, particularly points on a projective line, and preserved by the fractional linear transformations.

cross-reference cross-references n
renvoi
A reference or direction in one place in a book or other source of information to information at another place in the same work.

cross-sectional adj
transversal
Of, pertaining to, or being a cross section.

cross-stitch cross-stitches n
point de croix
(uncountable) Embroidery or needlework made using such stitches.

cross-strait adj
relations transdétroit
Pertaining to relations between the People's Republic of China, commonly known as mainland China, and the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan.

cross-vote cross-votes n
Panachage
A cross-voted ballot.

cross-vote v
panacher
To vote for a candidate or political party other than one's preference, in order to block the election of a candidate one would prefer not to be elected.

crossbar crossbars n
barre transversale transversale
(sports) The top of the goal structure.

crossbeam crossbeams n
bau
(nautical) A beam laid across the bitts, to which the cable is fastened when riding at anchor.

crossbill /ˈkɹɒsbɪl/ crossbills n
bec-croisé
Any of various finches of the genus Loxia, whose bill crosses over at the tips; they are specialist feeders on conifer cones.

crossbow /ˈkɹɒsbəʊ/ crossbows n
arbalète
A mechanised weapon, based on the bow and arrow, that shoots bolts.

crossbowman crossbowmen n
arbalétrier
Someone (usually a soldier) equipped with a crossbow.

crossbred adj
croisé
Produced by breeding from two breeds, varieties or species.

crosse crosses n
crosse
A lacrosse stick.

crossed cheque crossed cheques n
chèque barré
(finance) An ordinary cheque with two transverse lines drawn across it, which have the effect of making it payable only through a banker.

crossfire /ˈkɹɒsfaɪə/ /ˈkɹɔːsfaɪɹ/ crossfires n
feux croisés
(military) Lines of fire from multiple positions that cross in a small region

crossguard crossguards n
garde
A bar of metal, at right-angles, between the blade and the hilt of a sword that stops an opponent's blade from sliding down and injuring the hand of the person wielding the sword.

crosshatch crosshatches n
hachure
A pattern of crossing lines.

crosshatch v
hachurer
To mark or fill with a crosshatch pattern.

crossing /ˈkɹɑsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɒsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔsɪŋ/ /ˈkɹɔːsɪŋ/ crossings n
carrefour croisement
An intersection where roads, lines, or tracks cross.
traversée
A voyage across a body of water.

crossing guard crossing guards n
agent municipal
A person who directs vehicular traffic so that pedestrians, especially students, may cross the right of way.

crossing-out crossings-out n
biffure

crossroads n
carrefour croisée des chemins
(by analogy) A decision point; a turning point or opportunity to change direction, course, or goal.

crosstalk crosstalks n
diaphonie
(electronics) Undesirable signals from a neighbouring transmission circuit; undesired coupling between circuits.

crosswalk crosswalks n
passage piéton
(US) A point designated for pedestrians to cross a street.

crosswind /ˈkɹɑːs.wɪnd/ crosswinds n
vent latéral
A wind blowing across a line of travel.

crossword /ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/ crosswords n
mots croisés grille de mots croisés
(games, puzzles) A word puzzle in which interlocking words are entered usually horizontally and vertically into a grid based on clues given for each word.

crotch /kɹɑt͡ʃ/ /kɹɒt͡ʃ/ crotches n
fourche
The area where something forks or branches, a ramification takes place.
entrejambe
The ventral area (very bottom) of the human body between where the legs fork from the torso, in the area of the genitals and anus.

crotchet /ˈkɹɑt͡ʃ.ɪt/ /ˈkɹɒtʃ.ɪt/ crotchets n
noire
(music) A musical note one beat long in 4/4 time.

croton /ˈkɹoʊt(ə)n/ /ˈkɹəʊtən/ [ˈkɹoʊ̯ʔn̩] crotons n
croton
A tropical evergreen shrub, Codiaeum variegatum, having glossy foliage, cultivated as a houseplant.

crotonaldehyde crotonaldehydes n
crotonaldéhyde
(organic compound) The unsaturated aliphatic aldehyde CH3-CH=CH-CHO that is used in organic synthesis

crotonic acid n
acide crotonique
(organic compound) An unsaturated organic acid, trans-CH3-CH=CH-COOH, found in croton oil and having many industrial uses; the cis- form is isocrotonic acid.

crouch /kɹaʊt͡ʃ/ v
s'accroupir se recroqueviller se tapir
(intransitive) To bend down; to stoop low; to stand close to the ground with legs bent, like an animal when waiting for prey, or someone in fear.

croup /kɹuːp/ n
croupe
The top of the rump of a horse or other quadruped.
croup
(pathology) An infectious illness of the larynx, especially in young children, causing respiratory difficulty.

croupier /ˈkɹupieɪ/ /ˈkɹupiɚ/ /ˈkɹuːpieɪ/ /ˈkɹuːpɪə/ croupiers n
croupier croupière
The person who collects bets and pays out winnings at a gambling table, such as in a casino.

croustade croustades n
croustade
An edible container (often of pastry) filled with a savoury food

crouton /ˈkɹuːtɑːn/ /ˈkɹuːtɒn/ croutons n
croûton crouton
A small, often seasoned, piece of dry or fried bread.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ crows n
corneille corbeau chant
Any of various dark-coloured nymphalid butterflies of the genus Euploea.
pied-de-biche
A bar of iron with a beak, crook or claw; a bar of iron used as a lever; a crowbar.

crow /kɹoʊ/ /kɹəʊ/ v
chanter
(intransitive) To make the shrill sound characteristic of a rooster; to make a sound in this manner, either in gaiety, joy, pleasure, or defiance.

crow's feet n
pattes d'oie
Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eye.

crow's nest crow's nests n
nid-de-pie vigie gabie
(nautical) A small open-top shelter, originally a cask, on the top of the foremast, large enough to accommodate a lookout. It was used by whalers to watch for a blow (spout), or in icebound waters to seek a channel.

crowbar /ˈkɹoʊˌbɑɹ/ crowbars n
pied-de-biche pince-monseigneur
An iron or steel bar, often with a flattened end which may also be hook-shaped, to be used as a lever to manually force things apart.

crowberry /ˈkɹəʊbəɹɪ/ crowberries n
camarine
Empetrum; a small genus of dwarf evergreen shrubs that bear edible fruit.
A fruit of this plant.
camarine noire
Empetrum nigrum; a species of crowberry.

crowd /kɹaʊd/ crowds n
foule monceau
A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order.
A group of people united or at least characterised by a common interest.
monceau
Several things collected or closely pressed together; also, some things adjacent to each other.

crowd /kɹaʊd/ v
se précipiter
(intransitive) To press together or collect in numbers

crowded /ˈkɹaʊdɪd/ more crowded most crowded adj
bondé
Containing too many of something; teeming.

crowdfunding crowdfundings n
financement participatif sociofinancement finance participative
(finance) Funding by many individuals pooling their money together for a common goal, usually via the Internet.

crowdsourcing crowdsourcings n
externalisation ouverte production participative
The delegation of a task to a large diffuse group in order to introduce new or more developed skill sets and improve efficiency. There is usually no substantial monetary compensation involved.

crown /kɹaʊn/ adj
couronne
Of, related to, or pertaining to a crown.
Of, related to, pertaining to the top of a tree or trees.

crown /kɹaʊn/ crowns n
couronne
A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem.
A wreath or band for the head, especially one given as reward of victory or a mark of honor.
Imperial or regal power, or those who wield it.
Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the koruna, kruna, krone, korona.
(historical) A former predecimalization British coin worth five shillings.
(anatomy, dentistry) The part of a tooth above the gums.
(dentistry) A prosthetic covering for a tooth.
lauriers
(by extension) Any reward of victory or mark of honor.
clef
The highest part of an arch.
faîte sommet
The highest part of a hill.
fond
The top section of a hat, above the brim.
milieu
The raised centre of a road.
sommet
The topmost part of the head.
couronnement couronne
Splendor; culmination; acme.
houppier cime houpier milieu
(chemistry) A monocyclic ligand having three or more binding sites, capable of holding a guest in a central location.
couronne sommet fond
(religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.

crown /kɹaʊn/ v
couronner
To formally declare (someone) a king, queen, emperor, etc.
To declare (someone) a winner.
Of a forest fire or bushfire, to spread to the crowns of the trees and thence move from tree to tree independent of the surface fire.

crown cap crown caps n
capsule
A type of bottle cap made by pressing a circular piece of metal around the top of the bottle.

crown imperial crown imperials n
couronne impériale fritillaire impériale
Fritillaria imperialis, a plant of the lily family.

crown jewels n
bijoux de famille joyaux de la couronne
(literally) The jewelry that accompany the office of rulership in a monarchy, i.e. crown, scepter, signet ring, etc.
bijoux de famille
(slang) The male genitalia.

crown molding crown moldings n
moulure couronnée moulure de couronnement
(woodworking, interior decorating) A molding at the edge of a room between the ceiling and the wall.

crown of thorns /ˌkɹaʊn əv ˈθɔːnz/ crowns of thorns n
couronne d’épines acanthaster pourpre couronne du Christ coussin de belle-mère
A large starfish with venemous spines, Acanthaster planci. [from 20th c.]

crown prince crown princes n
prince héritier héritier du trône prince royal
A person designated and raised to become the next king.
prince héritier prince impérial
A person designated and raised to become the next emperor.
héritier
A person expected to inherit or take over an enterprise or undertaking once its current manager retires or dies.

crown princess crown princesses n
princesse héritière
The heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy.

crucial /ˈkɹuː.ʃəl/ more crucial most crucial adj
crucial
Essential or decisive for determining the outcome or future of something; extremely important; vital.
(archaic) Cruciform or cruciate; cross-shaped.

crucian carp crucian carps n
carassin
Carassius carassius, a species of carp found in northern Europe and northern Asia.

crucible /ˈkɹuː.sɪ.bəl/ crucibles n
creuset
(chemistry) A cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment used to contain chemical compounds when heating them to very high temperatures.
A heat-resistant container in which metals are melted, usually at temperatures above 500°C, commonly made of graphite with clay as a binder.
The bottom and hottest part of a blast furnace; the hearth.
épreuve du feu épreuve
(figuratively) A very difficult and trying experience, that acts as a refining or hardening process.

crucifer crucifers n
crucifère
(Christianity) A person who carries a cross in a religious procession, a cross bearer.
(botany) A member of the family Cruciferae, the cabbage family, including cabbage and mustard.

cruciferous /kɹuˈsɪfəɹəs/ adj
crucifère
(botany) Of or relating to the crucifer plants or products from these plants; of the family Cruciferae, the cabbage family, including cabbage and mustard.
Bearing a cross.

crucifix /ˈkɹuː.sɪˌfɪks/ crucifixes n
crucifix croix
An ornamental or symbolic sculptural representation of Christ on a cross, often worn as a pendant or displayed in a Christian church.

crucifixion /ˌkɹuːsɪˈfɪkʃən/ crucifixions n
crucifiement crucifixion
An execution by being nailed or tied to an upright cross and left to hang there until dead.
crucifixion
(Christianity, often, capitalized) The death of Jesus Christ on the Cross.

cruciform adj
cruciforme
Having the shape of a cross.

crucify /ˈkɹuːsɪfaɪ/ v
crucifier
To execute (a person) by nailing to a cross.

cruciverbalist /ˌkɹuːsɪˈvɜː(ɹ)bəlɪst/ cruciverbalists n
verbicruciste
A person who constructs or solves crosswords.

crud /kɹʌd/ cruds n
crud crude
merde
(uncountable, euphemistic) Feces; excrement.

crude /kɹuːd/ /kɹʉd/ cruder crudest adj
brut cru
In a natural, untreated state.
cru
Lacking concealing elements.
cru vulgaire
Lacking tact or taste.

crude oil crude oils n
pétrole brut
Unrefined oil; as it is found underground, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.

crude sap crude saps n
sève brute
(botany) The sap of a plant that rises from the roots to the leaves.

crudely /ˈkɹuːdli/ more crudely most crudely adv
crûment

cruel /kɹuː(ə)l/ crueler cruelest crueller cruellest more cruel most cruel adj
cruel cruelle
Intentionally causing or reveling in pain and suffering; merciless, heartless.

cruelly /ˈkɹuːli/ /ˈkɹuːəli/ more cruelly most cruelly adv
cruellement
In a cruel manner.

cruelty /ˈkɹuː(ə)lti/ cruelties n
cruauté
(uncountable) An indifference to suffering or pleasure in inflicting suffering.
(countable) A cruel act.

cruise /kɹuːz/ cruises n
croisière
A sea or lake voyage, especially one taken for pleasure.

cruise control n
régulateur de vitesse
A system that maintains a vehicle at constant set speed, usually until the brake or accelerator is pressed.

cruise missile cruise missiles n
missile de croisière
A missile designed for guided flight over the full course of its path.

cruise ship cruise ships n
navire de croisière
(nautical) A passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are considered an essential part of the experience.

cruiser /ˈkɹu.zɚ/ cruisers n
croiseur
(nautical, in the days of sail) A frigate or other vessel, detached from the fleet, to cruise independently in search of the enemy or its merchant ships.
(nautical) A class of fast warships of medium tonnage, having a long cruising range but less armour and firepower than a battleship.
beach cruiser cruiser
(cycling) A bicycle designed for low-speed, recreational use, usually characterized by balloon tires, upright seating, a single-speed drivetrain and expressive styling.

cruising speed n
vitesse de croisière

crumb /kɹʌm/ crumbs n
miette
A small piece which breaks off from baked food (such as cake, biscuit or bread).
(figuratively) A bit, small amount.
mie
The soft internal portion of bread, surrounded by crust.

crumb /kɹʌm/ v
paner
(transitive) To cover with crumbs.
(transitive) To break into crumbs or small pieces with the fingers; to crumble.

crumble /ˈkɹʌmbəl/ [ˈkɹʌmbl̩] [ˈkɹʌmbɪ̈l] crumbles n
croustade crumble
A dessert of British origin containing stewed fruit topped with a crumbly mixture of fat, flour, and sugar.

crumble /ˈkɹʌmbəl/ [ˈkɹʌmbl̩] [ˈkɹʌmbɪ̈l] v
s'effondrer
(intransitive, often, figurative) To fall apart; to disintegrate.
effriter émietter
(transitive) To break into crumbs.

crumhorn crumhorns n
tournebout cromorne
(musical instruments) Any of several related simple woodwind instruments having a bent horn

crumpet /ˈkɹʌmpɪt/ crumpets n
crumpet
A type of savoury cake, typically flat and round, made from batter and yeast, containing many small holes and served toasted, usually with butter.

crumple /ˈkɹʌmpəl/ v
froisser chiffonner
(transitive) To rumple; to press into wrinkles by crushing together.
s'effondrer
(transitive) To cause to collapse.
(intransitive, figurative) To collapse; to surrender.
se froisser
(intransitive) To become wrinkled.

crunch /kɹʌnt͡ʃ/ crunches n
craquement croquement
A noisy crackling sound; the sound usually associated with crunching.

crunch /kɹʌnt͡ʃ/ v
croquer
To crush something, especially food, with a noisy crackling sound.
compiler
(slang) To calculate or otherwise process (e.g. to crunch numbers: to perform mathematical calculations). Presumably from the sound made by mechanical calculators.

crunchy /ˈkɹʌnt͡ʃi/ crunchier crunchiest adj
croquant
Likely to crunch, especially with reference to food when it is eaten.

cruoric adj
cruorique

crupper /ˈkɹʊpəɹ/ /ˈkɹʊpɚ/ /ˈkɹʌpə/ /ˈkɹʌpɚ/ cruppers n
croupière
A strap, looped under a horse's tail, used to stop a saddle from slipping.

crusade /kɹuːˈseɪd/ crusades n
croisade
(historical) Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars.
(figuratively) A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.

crusade bull crusade bulls n
bulle de la sainte croisade
(historical, Roman Catholicism) A papal bull providing indulgences, dispensations from certain religious obligations, and absolution from certain ecclesiastical censures for the participants in a crusade, including those making donations for the cause.

crusader /kɹuˈseɪdɚ/ /kɹuːˈseɪdə/ crusaders n
croisé
(historical) A fighter in the medieval Crusades who had taken the Cross.

crush /kɹʌʃ/ crushes n
barricade
A crowd control barrier.
amourette béguin coup de cœur faible kick
(informal, by extension) The human object of such infatuation or affection.

crush /kɹʌʃ/ v
écraser écrabouiller
To press between two hard objects; to squeeze so as to alter the natural shape or integrity, or to force together into a mass.
broyer concasser piler
To reduce to fine particles by pounding or grinding.
écraser
To oppress or grievously burden.
To overcome completely; to subdue totally.
écrabouiller écraser s'écraser
(intransitive) To be or become broken down or in, or pressed into a smaller volume or area, by external weight or force.
avoir le béguin
(intransitive, transitive) To feel infatuation or unrequited love.

crushed /kɹʌʃt/ more crushed most crushed adj
attristé déprimé
Broken, saddened, depressed.

crushing /ˈkɹʌ.ʃɪŋ/ more crushing most crushing adj
écrasant
That crushes; overwhelming.

crushing /ˈkɹʌ.ʃɪŋ/ crushings n
broyage
A former method of execution by placing heavy weights on the victim.

crust /kɹʌst/ crusts n
croûte
A more solid, dense or hard layer on a surface or boundary.
The external, hardened layer of certain foodstuffs, including most types of bread, fried meat, etc.
croûte écorce
(geology) The outermost layer of the lithosphere of the Earth.
(astronomy, by extension) The outermost layer of any terrestrial planet.

crustacean /kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/ crustacea crustaceans n
crustacé
Any arthropod of the subphylum Crustacea, including lobsters, crabs, shrimp, barnacles and woodlice.

crutch /kɹʌt͡ʃ/ crutches n
béquille
A device to assist in motion as a cane, especially one that provides support under the arm to reduce weight on a leg.
soutien support
Something that supports, often used negatively to indicate that it is not needed and causes an unhealthful dependency; a prop

crux /kɹʌks/ cruces cruxes n
crux
(climbing) The hardest point of a climb.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ cries n
pleur
A shedding of tears; the act of crying.
cri
A shout or scream.
(of an animal) A typical sound made by the species in question.

cry /kɹaɪ̯/ v
pleurer
(intransitive) To shed tears; to weep.
crier hurler gueuler
(transitive) To utter loudly; to call out; to declare publicly.
crier
(ambitransitive) To shout, scream, yell.

cry for help cries for help n
appel à l'aide
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cry,‎ for,‎ help.
(idiomatic) Acting out as a means of displaying a subconscious desire for attention or help.

cry one's eyes out v
pleurer comme une madeleine pleurer toutes les larmes de son corps pleurer à chaudes larmes pleurer à mouchoir que veux-tu
(idiomatic) To weep for an elongated time, or in an excessive manner.

cry out v
crier hurler
To shout in a loud voice, due to pain, or fear, or unhappiness.

cry over spilt milk v
pleurer sur le lait renversé
To worry about unfortunate events which have already happened and which cannot be changed.

cry wolf v
crier au loup
(idiomatic) To raise a false alarm; to constantly warn others about an imagined threat, thereby failing to get assistance when a real threat appears.

crybaby /ˈkɹaɪˌbeɪbi/ crybabies n
pleurnichard pleurnicheur pleurnicheuse
A baby who cries excessively.
pleurnichard
(slang) Someone whose feelings are very easily hurt, often by trivial matters.

crying /kɹaɪ̯.ɪŋ/ cryings n
pleur
The act of one who cries; a weeping or shouting.

cryoglobulin cryoglobulins n
cryoglobuline

cryokinesis n
cryokinésie

cryolite cryolites n
cryolite cryolithe
(mineral) The mineral sodium aluminium fluoride (Na3AlF6).

cryosphere cryospheres n
cryosphère
All those areas of the Earth where the surface is frozen.

cryotechnology cryotechnologies n
cryotechnologie
Technology involving very low temperatures, such as cryonics and cryoelectronics.

cryovolcano cryovolcanoes cryovolcanos n
cryovolcan
(planetology, geology, vulcanology) A volcano on an icy moon that ejects volatile materials rather than magma.

crypt /kɹɪpt/ crypts n
crypte
An underground vault, especially one beneath a church that is used as a burial place. [from 16th c.]

cryptanalysis cryptanalyses n
cryptanalyse
The science of analyzing and breaking of codes and ciphers.

cryptanalyst cryptanalysts n
cryptanalyste
An expert in analyzing and breaking codes and ciphers.

cryptic /ˈkɹɪptɪk/ more cryptic most cryptic adj
mystérieux énigmatique
Mystified or of an obscure nature.

crypto- /kɹɪptoʊ-/ prefix
crypto-

crypto-Jew crypto-Jews n
Crypto-juif
A person who, while publicly converting to another religion (such as Christianity or Islam), secretly practices Judaism.

crypto-Judaism n
crypto-judaïsme cryptojudaïsme
Secret adherence to Judaism.

crypto-fascist more crypto-fascist most crypto-fascist adj
cryptofasciste
Having private or secret fascist views or motives.

crypto-fascist crypto-fascists n
cryptofasciste
A person whose fascist views or motives are kept private or secret.

cryptocurrency cryptocurrencies n
cryptomonnaie
A digital currency based on a cryptographic system, usually having no central issuing or regulating authority.

cryptodepression /ˌkɹiptoʊdəˈpɹɛʃ(ə)n/ /ˌkɹɪptəʊdɪˈpɹɛʃən/ cryptodepressions n
cryptodépression
(geography, limnology) The portion of a lake which lies below sea level.

cryptographic adj
cryptographique

cryptography /kɹɪpˈtɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ [kɹ̥ɪpˈtʰɒɡɹəfiː] cryptographies n
cryptographie
The discipline concerned with communication security (eg, confidentiality of messages, integrity of messages, sender authentication, non-repudiation of messages, and many other related issues), regardless of the used medium such as pencil and paper or computers.

cryptolect /ˈkɹɪptəlɛkt/ /ˈkɹɪptəˌlɛkt/ cryptolects n
cryptolecte
(linguistics) A secretive language form used by a subculture; an arcane cant.

cryptologic adj
cryptologique
Of or relating to cryptology.

cryptologist cryptologists n
cryptologue
one who studies cryptology

cryptology /kɹɪpˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /kɹɪpˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/ cryptologies n
cryptologie
The practice of analysing encoded messages, in order to decode them.

cryptomeria cryptomerias n
cèdre du Japon
A Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

cryptonym cryptonyms n
cryptonyme
A secret name, a code name.

cryptophone cryptophones n
cryptophone
A secure telephone that provides security against eavesdropping and electronic surveillance.

cryptoporticus cryptoportici cryptoporticuses n
cryptoportique

cryptorchidism cryptorchidisms n
cryptorchidie
(andrology) The failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum

cryptovirology n
cryptovirologie
(cryptography, computer security) The use of cryptography to design powerful malicious software such as ransomware and asymmetric backdoors.

cryptovirus /ˈkɹɪptoʊˌvaɪɹəs/ /ˈkɹɪptəʊˌvaɪɹəs/ cryptoviruses n
crypto-verrouilleur cryptorançongiciel cryptovirus logiciel de cryptoverrouillage
(computer security) A type of malware that is used for extortion by encrypting user files and asking for payment in exchange for the decryption key.

cryptozoological /ˌkɹɪptoʊˌzoʊəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
cryptozoologique
(cryptozoology) Of or pertaining to cryptozoology.

cryptozoology /ˌkɹɪp.toʊ.zoʊˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌkɹɪp.toʊ.zuːˈɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌkɹɪp.təʊ.zuːˈɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌkɹɪp.təʊ.zəʊˈɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
cryptozoologie
Study of cryptids, animals whose existence has not been proven.

crystal /ˈkɹɪstəl/ crystals n
cristal
(countable) A solid composed of an array of atoms or molecules possessing long-range order and arranged in a pattern which is periodic in three dimensions.
(countable) A piece of glimmering, shining mineral resembling ice or glass.
The glass over the dial of a watch case.
de cristal en cristal cristal
(uncountable) A fine type of glassware, or the material used to make it.

crystal ball crystal balls n
boule de cristal
A globe of glass or crystal used to foretell the future.

crystal clear crystal clearer crystal clearest more crystal clear most crystal clear adj
clair comme de l'eau de roche
Visually clear, a sharp image, of high acuity.

crystal habit crystal habits n
habitus
(crystallography) The characteristic external shape of an individual crystal or crystal group.

crystal set crystal sets n
poste de radio à cristal poste à galène récepteur à cristal
(electronics) An early radio receiver, having no electrical power supply except the radio waves themselves; it used a crystal of lead or cadmium sulphide and a wire (the cat's whisker) touching the crystal's surface.

crystal system crystal systems n
système cristallin
(crystallography) Any of the seven distinct symmetry classifications of crystals: cubic, tetragonal, hexagonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic, triclinic and trigonal.

crystalline /ˈkɹɪs.tə.lɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌlaɪn/ /ˈkɹɪs.təˌliːn/ more crystalline most crystalline adj
cristallin
Of, relating to, or composed of crystals.
Resembling crystal in being clear and transparent.

crystallite crystallites n
cristallite
A small region of a solid that consists of a single crystal; a grain.

crystallization crystallizations n
cristallisation
The act or process by which a substance in solidifying assumes the form and structure of a crystal, or becomes crystallized.

crystallize /ˈkɹɪstəlaɪz/ v
cristalliser
(transitive, chemistry, physics) to make something form into crystals
(intransitive) to assume a crystalline form
(intransitive) to take a definite form
(transitive) to coat something with crystals, especially with sugar

crystallogen crystallogens n
cristallogène
(rare, chemistry) Any member of the carbon group (group 14) of elements

crystallographer crystallographers n
cristallographe
a person skilled in crystallography

crystallography n
cristallographie
The experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids.

crème brûlée /kɹɛm bɹuˈleɪ/ crème brûlées crèmes brûlée crèmes brûlées n
crème brûlée
A dessert of custard, covered by a brittle layer of browned sugar.

crème de la crème n
crème de la crème fin du fin fine fleur nec plus ultra top du top
(idiom, singulare tantum) Best of the best; something superlative; the very best.

crème fraîche /kɹɛmˈfɹɛʃ/ crèmes fraîches n
crème fraîche
A slightly soured thick cream (generally less sour than sour cream).

créquier créquiers n
créquier

crêpe de Chine crêpes de Chine n
crêpe de Chine
A fine, thin fabric, usually of silk, that is used to make dresses or blouses.

crêpe paper crêpe papers n
papier crépon
A thin, crinkled tissue paper, often coloured, used for decoration.

csardas /ˈtʃɑːdæʃ/ /ˈt͡ʃɑɹdɑʃ/ /ˈzɑːdəs/ csardases n
csardas czardas
An intricate Hungarian folk dance characterized by variations in tempo. The two main parts are called lassú (slow) and friss (quick).

ctenophore /ˈtiː.nəˌfɔɹ/ /ˈtiː.nəˌfɔː/ /ˈtɛn.əˌfɔɹ/ /ˈtɛn.əˌfɔː/ ctenophores n
cténaire cténophore
Any of various marine animals of the phylum Ctenophora, having lucent, mucilaginous bodies bearing eight rows of comblike cilia used for swimming. [from 19th c.]

cuadrilla cuadrillas n
quadrille
(bullfighting) The team which supports the matador.

cub /kʌb/ cubs n
renardeau
A young fox.
petit lionceau louveteau ourson renardeau
(by extension) The young of certain other animals, including the bear, wolf, lion and tiger.

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ cubes n
cube
(geometry) A regular polyhedron having six identical square faces.
Any object more or less in the form of a cube.
(mathematics) The third power of a number, value, term or expression.

cube /kjub/ /kjuːb/ v
élever à la troisième puissance
(transitive, arithmetic) To raise to the third power; to determine the result of multiplying by itself twice.

cube root cube roots n
racine cubique
(mathematics) Of a number or expression, a number or expression the cube of which is equal to the given number or expression.

cube sugar n
sucre en morceaux sucre en cubes
Sugar shaped into cubes.

cubeb /ˈkjuːbɛb/ cubebs n
cubèbe poivre à queue
The tailed pepper, Piper cubeba; an Indonesian plant cultivated for its berries and essential oil.

cubed adj
au cube
(mathematics) Raised to the third power.

cubic /ˈkju.bɪk/ /ˈkjuː.bɪk/ adj
cube
(geometry) Used in the names of units of volume formed by multiplying a unit of length by itself twice.
cubique
(algebraic geometry) Of a class of polynomial of the form ax^3 + bx^2 + cx + d

cubic /ˈkju.bɪk/ /ˈkjuː.bɪk/ cubics n
cubique
(algebraic geometry) A cubic curve.

cubic centimetre cubic centimetres n
centimètre cube
A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one centimetre in length, equal to 10-6 cubic metres and 1 millilitre. Commonly used in fluid measure and for engine sizes.

cubic equation cubic equations n
équation cubique
(mathematics) A polynomial equation whose greatest exponent is 3.

cubic function cubic functions n
fonction cubique
(mathematics) Any function (polynomial) whose greatest exponent is 3.

cubic metre cubic metres n
mètre cube
A unit of volume equal to that of a cube having sides each one metre in length. Symbol: m3

cubicle /ˈkjubɪkəl/ cubicles n
box
A small separate part or one of the compartments of a room, especially in a work environment.
cabine
A small enclosure at a swimming pool etc. used to provide personal privacy when changing.
cabinet
(UK, AU) A small enclosure in a public toilet for individual use.

cubism /ˈkjuː.bɪz.əm/ cubisms n
cubisme
(often, capitalized) An artistic movement in the early 20th Century characterized by the depiction of natural forms as geometric structures of planes. [from 1900s]

cubit /ˈkju.bɪt/ /ˈkjuː.bɪt/ cubits n
coudée
The distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger used as an informal unit of length.

cubohemioctahedron cubohemioctahedra n
cubohémioctaèdre

cuboid more cuboid most cuboid adj
parallélépipèdique
Of the shape of a cube.

cuboid bone cuboid bones n
cuboïde os cuboïde
One of the seven tarsal bones, the most lateral of the bones in the distal row of the tarsus, and roughly cubical in shape.

cucamelon cucamelons n
concombre à confire
Melothria scabra, a vine grown for its edible fruit.

cuck /kʌk/ cucks n
cocu cocue cocues cocus
(derogatory, slang) A weakling.

cuckold /ˈkʌ.koʊld/ /ˈkʌ.kəld/ /ˈkʌ.kəʊld/ cuckolds n
cocu cornard
A man married to an unfaithful wife, especially when he is unaware or unaccepting of the fact.

cuckold /ˈkʌ.koʊld/ /ˈkʌ.kəld/ /ˈkʌ.kəʊld/ v
cocufier
(transitive) To make a cuckold or cuckquean of someone by being unfaithful, or by seducing their partner or spouse.

cuckoo /ˈkuː.kuː/ /ˈkʊk.uː/ cuckoos n
coucou coucoulement
The sound of that particular bird.
A person who inveigles themselves into a place where they should not be (used especially in the phrase a cuckoo in the nest).
coucou
(slang) Someone who is crazy.

cuckoo /ˈkuː.kuː/ /ˈkʊk.uː/ v
coucouler
To make the call of a cuckoo.

cuckquean /ˈkʌk.kwiːn/ cuckqueans n
cocue
A woman who has an unfaithful husband.

cucumber /ˈkaʊˌkʌmbəɹ/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə/ /ˈkjuːˌkʌmbɚ/ cucumbers n
concombre
The edible fruit of this plant, having a green rind and crisp white flesh.

cucumiform /kjuːˈkjuːmɪfɔːm/ more cucumiform most cucumiform adj
cucumiforme
Shaped like a cucumber; having the form of a cylinder tapered and rounded at the ends, and possibly curved.

cud /kʌd/ cuds n
herbe ruminée
The portion of food which is brought back into the mouth by ruminating animals from their first stomach, to be chewed a second time.

cuddle /ˈkʌd.l̩/ cuddles n
câlin
A snuggle; an affectionate embrace, often given to family members and close friends.

cuddle /ˈkʌd.l̩/ v
câliner
(intransitive) To embrace affectionately; to lie together snugly.
cajoler
(transitive) To cradle in one's arms so as to give comfort, warmth.

cuddly /ˈkʌdli/ /ˈkʌdl̩i/ /ˈkʌdəli/ cuddlier cuddliest adj
câlin
Suitable for cuddling; designed to be cuddled.

cudgel /ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/ cudgels n
gourdin
A short heavy club with a rounded head used as a weapon.

cue /kɪu̯/ /ˈkjuː/ [cj̊uː] [kj̊ʉː] cues n
cu ku
The name of the Latin-script letter Q.
signe
An action or event that is a signal for somebody to do something.
The last words of a play actor's speech, serving as an intimation for the next actor to speak; any word or words which serve to remind an actor to speak or to do something; a catchword.
queue de billard queue
(sports, billiards, snooker, pool) A straight tapering stick used to hit the balls in various games.

cuff /kʌf/ v
revers manchette
(transitive) To furnish with cuffs.
gifler souffleter
(transitive) To hit, as a reproach, particularly with the open palm to the head; to slap.

cufflink /ˈkʌflɪŋk/ cufflinks n
bouton de manchette
A button or stud used to hold a sleeve cuff together.

cuirass /kwɪˈɹæs/ /ˈkjʊəɹæs/ cuirasses n
cuirasse
A piece of defensive armor, covering the body from the neck to the girdle.

cuirassier cuirassiers n
cuirassier

cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ cuisines n
cuisine art culinaire
(countable, uncountable) A characteristic style of preparing food, often associated with a place of origin.

cul-de-lampe n
cabochon couillard cul-de-lampe
An ornamental design used to fill up blank spaces in a book.

cul-de-sac /ˈkʌldəsak/ /ˈkʌldəsæk/ cul-de-sacs culs-de-sac n
bout de [[cul-de-sac]] résidentiel
A circular area at the end of a dead end street to allow cars to turn around, designed so children can play on the street, with little or no through-traffic.

cul8r phraseologicalUnit
ALP
(internet slang, text messaging)

culantro /kuːˈlæn.tɹoʊ/ /kuːˈlɑːn.tɹoʊ/ n
coriandre chinoise coriandre longue
The tropical herb Eryngium foetidum, native to Mexico, Central America and South America but cultivated worldwide, used medicinally and in Caribbean cuisine.

culinary /ˈk(j)ulɪˌnɛɹi/ /ˈkʌlɪn(ə)ɹi/ /ˈkʌlɪˌnɛɹi/ more culinary most culinary adj
culinaire
Relating to the practice of cookery or the activity of cooking.

culinary art culinary arts n
art culinaire cuisine
The art of cooking in particular way, a characteristic style of cooking.

cull /kʌl/ v
cueillir
To pick or take someone or something (from a larger group).

culminate /ˈkʌl.məˌneɪt/ /ˈkʌl.mɪnˌeɪt/ v
culminer
(intransitive, astronomy) Of a heavenly body, to be at the highest point, reach its greatest altitude.
(intransitive) To reach the (physical or figurative) summit, highest point, peak etc.
(intransitive, figuratively) To reach a climax; to come to a decisive point, especially an end or conclusion.
aboutir à conduire à déboucher sur se terminer par
(transitive) To finalize, bring to a conclusion, form the climax of.

culottes /kjuːˈlɒts/ n
jupe-culotte
A type of loose shorts which look like a skirt; a divided skirt.

culpable /ˈkʌlpəbəl/ more culpable most culpable adj
coupable
Meriting condemnation, censure or blame, especially as something wrong, harmful or injurious; blameworthy, guilty.

culpeo /kʊlˈpeɪ.əʊ/ culpeos n
renard de Magellan
A canid of species (Lycalopex culpaeus), native to the Andes region of South America.

culprit [ˈkʰʌɫpɹ̥ɪt] culprits n
coupable
The person or thing at fault for a problem or crime.

cult /kʌlt/ /ˈkɒlt/ [kʰʌlt] adj
culte
Enjoyed by a small, loyal group.

cult /kʌlt/ /ˈkɒlt/ [kʰʌlt] cults n
culte secte
The veneration, devotion, and religious rites given to a deity (especially in a historical polytheistic context), or (in a Christian context) to a saint.

cult film cult films n
film culte
A film that has acquired a cult following.

cult of personality cults of personality n
culte de la personnalité
A situation where a leader (often a dictator) has been idolized and made into a national or group icon and is revered as a result.

cultist /ˈkʌltɪst/ cultists n
sectateur
A member of a cult.

cultivable more cultivable most cultivable adj
cultivable
Capable of being cultivated or farmed.

cultivar /ˈkʌltɪvɑɹ/ cultivars n
cultivar
A cultivated (not necessarily botanical) variety of a plant species or hybrid of two species. [from 1923]

cultivate /ˈkʌltɪveɪt/ v
cultiver
To grow plants, notably crops.
(figurative) To nurture; to foster; to tend.
To turn or stir soil in preparation for planting or as a method of weed control between growing crop plants.

cultivated /ˈkʌltɪveɪtɪd/ more cultivated most cultivated adj
cultivé
(of a person) cultured, refined, educated
(of a plant) grown by cultivation (not wild)
(of land) farmed

cultivation /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/ cultivations n
culture
The art or act of cultivating (improvement of land for or by agriculture), as:

cultivator cultivators n
motoculteur
Any of several devices used to loosen or stir the soil, either to remove weeds or to provide aeration and drainage.
cultivateur
A person who cultivates.

cultural /ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃ(ʊ)əɹəl/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɹ(ə)l/ more cultural most cultural adj
culturel
Pertaining to culture.

cultural Bolshevism n
bolchevisme culturel
(Nazism, politics, historical) Those cultural elements that were perceived by the Nazi party to be propagating politically undesirable Bolshevik ideas.

cultural Marxism n
marxisme culturel
(Marxism, academia) A form of Marxism perceived as subsumed by capitalism and thus as unauthentic by its critics (usually other Marxists).

cultural center cultural centers n
centre culturel
An organization, building or complex that promotes culture and arts.

cultural identity cultural identities n
identité culturelle
(sociology) An identity or feeling of belonging to a group.

cultural studies n
études culturelles
A diverse field of study which examines representations of culture through a variety of academic theories.

culture /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ cultures n
culture
The arts, customs, lifestyles, background, and habits that characterize humankind, or a particular society or nation.
The beliefs, values, behaviour and material objects that constitute a people's way of life.
The conventional conducts and ideologies of a community; the system comprising the accepted norms and values of a society.
(anthropology) Any knowledge passed from one generation to the next, not necessarily with respect to human beings.
(microbiology) The process of growing a bacterial or other biological entity in an artificial medium.
(euphemism) Ethnicity, race (and its associated arts, customs, etc.)

culture /ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/ /ˈkʌlt͡ʃɚ/ v
cultiver
(transitive) to maintain in an environment suitable for growth (especially of bacteria) (compare cultivate)

culture hero culture heroes n
héros culturel
(idiomatic) A mythical character or real person who is renowned as the exemplar of the values or achievements of a society, group, or time period.

culture medium culture media n
milieu de culture substrat
(microbiology) A liquid or gel, containing nutrients, that is used to cultivate microorganisms.

culture of death cultures of death n
culture de la mort

culture shock culture shocks n
choc culturel choc des cultures
(anthropology, sociology) A state of anxious confusion experienced by someone exposed to an alien or unfamiliar environment.

culture war culture wars n
guerre culturelle
(often, in plural) Conflict between different ideological groups, especially political conflict for cultural dominance between liberals and conservatives in the United States.

cultured more cultured most cultured adj
cultivé
Learned in the ways of civilized society; civilized; refined.
Artificially developed.

culverin /ˈkʌlvəɹɪn/ culverins n
couleuvrine
A kind of handgun.

culvert /ˈkʌlvə(ɹ)t/ culverts n
buse drain ponceau
A channel crossing under a road or railway for the draining of water.

cum /kʌm/ n
foutre jute sirop de cordum
(colloquial, vulgar) Semen.

cum /kʊm/ /kʌm/ preposition
soit

cum /kʌm/ v
éjaculer jouir venir balancer la purée juter
(slang, vulgar) To have an orgasm, to feel the sensation of an orgasm.

cum dumpster /kʌm dʌmpstɚ/ cum dumpsters n
vide-couilles
(vulgar, derogatory, offensive, slang) A sexually promiscuous person, usually a woman or bottom, who has sexual relations with men who often ejaculate in their body cavities.

cum laude adv
avec distinction
With praise; an honor added to a diploma or degree for work that is above average.

cumber /ˈkʌmbə/ v
encombrer
(transitive, dated) To slow down; to hinder; to burden; to encumber.

cumbersome /ˈkʌmbəsəm/ /ˈkʌmbɚsəm/ more cumbersome most cumbersome adj
encombrant
Burdensome or hindering, as if a weight or drag; vexatious
fastidieux pénible
Hard, difficult, demanding to handle or get around with.
lent lourd
Inert, lumbering, slow in movement

cumdump cumdumps n
vide-couilles
(sex) A place or person to ejaculate in, especially a body part or cavity.

cumin /ˈkjumɪn/ /ˈkjuːmɪn/ /ˈkumɪn/ /ˈkʊmɪn/ /ˈkʌmɪn/ cumins n
cumin
The flowering plant Cuminum cyminum, in the family Apiaceae.
Its aromatic long seed, used as a spice, notably in Indian, Middle Eastern, and Mexican cookery.

cummerbund /ˈkʌmbɚˌbʌnd/ /ˈkʌməbʌnd/ /ˈkʌmɚˌbʌnd/ cummerbunds n
large ceinture
(fashion) A broad sash, especially one that is pleated lengthwise and worn as an article of formal dress, as around a man's waist together with a tuxedo or dinner jacket. [from early 17th c.]

cummingtonite /ˈkʌm.ɪŋ.təˌnaɪt/ cummingtonites n
cummingtonite
(mineral) A mineral, magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2.

cumshot /ˈkʌm.ʃɒt/ cumshots n
coup de foutre
(vulgar, slang) A sex act in pornographic films in which a person with a penis (usually a man or trans woman) ejaculates onto their partner's body.

cumslut /ˈkʌmslət/ /ˈkʌmslʌt/ cumsluts n
accro au sperme avaleuse
(slang, vulgar, usually, derogatory) A person who badly wants to receive another person's semen, particularly in the mouth to be swallowed.

cumulative /ˈkjuːmjʊlətɪv/ /ˈkjuːmjʊˌleɪtɪv/ more cumulative most cumulative adj
cumulé cumulée
Incorporating all current and previous data up to the present or at the time of measuring or collating.

cumulonimbus /ˌkju.mjə.loʊˈnɪm.bəs/ /ˌkjuː.mjʊ.ləʊˈnɪm.bəs/ cumulonimbi cumulonimbuses n
cumulonimbus
(meteorology) A cloud, with a tall structure and a flat base, that is often associated with thunderstorms.

cuneiform /kjuˈni.ə.fɔɹm/ /kjʊˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkju.nɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈkjuː.ni.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkjuː.nɪ.fɔːm/ adj
cunéiforme
Written in the cuneiform writing system.

cuneiform /kjuˈni.ə.fɔɹm/ /kjʊˈneɪ.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkju.nɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈkjuː.ni.ɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈkjuː.nɪ.fɔːm/ cuneiforms n
cunéiforme
An ancient Mesopotamian writing system, adapted within several language families, originating as pictograms in Sumer around the 30th century BC, evolving into more abstract and characteristic wedge shapes formed by a blunt reed stylus on clayen tablets.
os cunéiforme
(anatomy) A wedge-shaped bone, especially a cuneiform bone.

cuneiform bone cuneiform bones n
os cunéiforme
(skeleton) Any one of three wedge-shaped bones of the foot.

cunnilingus /ˌkʌn.iˈlɪŋ.ɡəs/ /ˌkʌn.ɪˈlɪŋ.ɡəs/ cunnilinguses n
cunnilingus minette
The stimulation of the vulva using the mouth.

cunning /ˈkʌnɪŋ/ more cunning most cunning adj
astucieux malin
rusé
Sly; crafty; clever in surreptitious behaviour.
talentueux
(obsolete) Skillful, artful.

cunning /ˈkʌnɪŋ/ cunnings n
fourberie sournoiserie
The disposition to employ one's skill in an artful manner; craftiness; guile; artifice; skill of being cunning, sly, conniving, or deceitful.

cunning folk n
devins-guérisseurs leveurs de sorts
(historical) professional or semi-professional practitioners of magic (who were often charlatans) who were active from at least the 15th up until the early 20th century.

cunningly more cunningly most cunningly adv
[[d']]une manière rusée astucieusement ingénieusement
With cunning, cleverly.

cunt /kʌnt/ [kʰʌ̃nt] cunts n
con chatte
(vulgar, countable) The female genitalia, especially the vulva.
con connard salaud
(vulgar, offensive, countable) An extremely unpleasant or objectionable person (in US, especially a woman; in Commonwealth more usually a man).
(Australia, Ireland, NZ, UK, Commonwealth, countable, vulgar) An unpleasant or difficult experience or incident.

cup /kʊp/ /kʌp/ cups n
tasse coupe
A concave vessel for drinking from, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.
coupe
The contents of said vessel.
A trophy in the shape of an oversized cup.
A contest for which a cup is awarded.
tasse
A customary unit of measure
bonnet coupe
One of the two parts of a brassiere which each cover a breast.
cloche
Anything shaped like a cup.

cup of tea /ˈkʌp əv ˈtiː/ /ˌkʌp ə ˈtiː/ cups of tea n
tasse de thé
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cup,‎ tea. A cup or mug with tea in it.
tasse de thé truc
(idiomatic, singular only) Whatever suits or interests one.

cup-and-ball cup-and-balls cups-and-balls n
bilboquet
A traditional children's toy consisting of a hand-held wooden cup with a ball attached by a string. The player jerks the ball into the air and attempts to catch it in the cup.

cupbearer /ˈkʌpˌbɛəɹə/ /ˈkʌpˌbɛɹɚ/ cupbearers n
échanson
(chiefly, historical) One who ceremonially fills and hands out the cups in which a drink is served.

cupboard /ˈkʌb.əd/ /ˈkʌb.ɚd/ /ˈkʌp.boɹd/ cupboards n
armoire placard buffet
A cabinet, closet, or other piece of furniture with shelves intended for storing cookware, dishware, or food; similar cabinets or closets used for storing other items.

cupel /ˈkjuːpəl/ cupels n
coupelle
A small circular receptacle used in assaying gold or silver with lead.

cupful cupfuls cupsful n
tasse
The amount necessary to fill a cup.

cupola /ˈkjupəloʊ/ /ˈkjuːpələ/ /ˈkupələ/ cupolae cupolas n
coupole dôme
(architecture) A dome-shaped ornamental structure located on top of a larger roof or dome.

cupping glass cupping glasses n
ventouse palette
(archaic, medicine) A glass vessel used in cupping.

cupric adj
cuprique
Of, pertaining to, or derived from, copper; containing copper.

cupronickel cupronickels n
cupronickel
An alloy of copper containing from 10 to 40% nickel.

cur /kɜː/ /kɝ/ curs n
clébard clebs corniaud roquet
(dated, or, humorous) A contemptible or inferior dog.
chien roquet
(dated, or, humorous) A detestable person.

curable more curable most curable adj
curable
Capable of being cured.

curacy curacies n
vicariat

curare /kjʊˈɹɑ.ɹi/ /kjʊˈɹɑː.ɹi/ curares n
curare
A substance containing the alkaloid D-tubocurarine, used historically as a muscle relaxant during surgery.

curassow curassows n
hocco
Any of several species of bird in the genera Nothocrax, Mitu, Pauxi, and Crax of the Cracidae family, limited to the Americas.

curate /-ɹɪt/ /ˈkjʊəɹət/ /ˈkjʊɹɪt/ curates n
vicaire
An assistant rector or vicar.
curé
A parish priest.

curative /ˈkjʊɹ.ə.tɪv/ more curative most curative adj
curatif
Possessing the ability to cure, to heal or treat illness.

curator /kjʊəˈɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ curators n
conservateur conservatrice
A person who manages, administers or organizes a collection, either independently or employed by a museum, library, archive or zoo.

curaçao /ˈk(j)ʊəɹ.əˌsaʊ/ /ˈk(j)ʊəɹ.əˌsoʊ/ /ˈkjuːɹəsaʊ/ /ˈkjuːɹəsəʊ/ /ˌk(j)ʊəɹ.əˈsaʊ/ /ˌk(j)ʊəɹ.əˈsoʊ/ curaçaos n
curaçao
A liqueur, made from eau-de-vie, sugar and, as flavor, dried peel of sweet and sour oranges, naturally colorless but often artificially colored blue.

curb /kɜːb/ /kɝb/ v
endiguer restreindre

curd /kɜː(ɹ)d/ curds n
caillot lait caillé
The part of milk that coagulates when it sours or is treated with enzymes; used to make cottage cheese, dahi, etc.

curdle /ˈkɜː.dəl/ /ˈkɝ.dəl/ v
cailler
(ambitransitive) To form curds so that it no longer flows smoothly; to cause to form such curds. (usually said of milk)

cure /kjɔː(ɹ)/ /kjɜː(ɹ)/ /kjɝ/ /kjʊə(ɹ)/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ cures n
traitement
A method, device or medication that restores good health.
durcissement prise
An act of healing or state of being healed; restoration to health after a disease, or to soundness after injury.
A process of solidification or gelling.

cure /kjɔː(ɹ)/ /kjɜː(ɹ)/ /kjɝ/ /kjʊə(ɹ)/ /kjʊɹ/ /kɜː(ɹ)/ v
guérir soigner
(transitive) To restore to health.
guérir
(transitive) To bring (a disease or its bad effects) to an end.

curettage /ˌkjʊəɹɪˈtɑːʒ/ curettages n
curetage
(medicine) The removal of unwanted tissue from a body cavity using a curette.

curette /kjʊˈɹɛt/ curettes n
curette
(medicine, dentistry) A hand-held surgical instrument, often with a scoop or hook at its tip, used for cleaning or debriding biological tissue.

curfew /ˈkɜː.fjuː/ /ˈkɝ.fju/ curfews n
couvre-feu
Any regulation requiring people to be off the streets and in their homes by a certain time.
A signal indicating this time.
A fireplace accessory designed to bank a fire by completely covering the embers.
(historical) A regulation in feudal Europe by which fires had to be covered up or put out at a certain fixed time in the evening, marked by the ringing of an evening bell.

curiosity /-ɪti/ /ˌkjɔːɹiˈɒsəti/ /ˌkjɔːˈɹɒsəti/ /ˌkjɚiˈɑsəti/ /ˌkjɜːˈɹɒsəti/ /ˌkjʊəɹiˈɑsəti/ /ˌkjʊəɹiˈɒsəti/ /ˌkjʊəˈɹɒsəti/ curiosities n
curiosité
(uncountable) Inquisitiveness; the tendency to ask and learn about things by asking questions, investigating, or exploring. [from 17th c.]
A unique or extraordinary object which arouses interest. [from 17th c.]

curiosity killed the cat proverb
la curiosité est un vilain défaut
One should not be curious about things that can be dangerous.

curious /-i.jɪs/ /-i.ɪs/ /ˈkjɔː-/ /ˈkjɚ.i.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈkjʊ.ɹəs/ /ˈkjʊə.ɹi.əs/ curiouser curiousest more curious most curious adj
curieux
Tending to ask questions, or to want to explore or investigate; inquisitive; (with a negative connotation) nosy, prying.
Leading one to ask questions about; somewhat odd, out of the ordinary, or unusual.

curium /ˈkjʊəɹiəm/ n
curium
A highly fissile transuranic chemical element (symbol Cm) with an atomic number of 96.

curl /kəːl/ /kɝl/ curls n
boucle
A curving piece or lock of hair; a ringlet.
rotationnel
(calculus) The vector field denoting the rotationality of a given vector field.
(calculus, proper noun) The vector operator, denoted \rm{curl}\; or \vec{\nabla}\times\vec{\left(\cdot\right)}, that generates this field.

curl /kəːl/ /kɝl/ v
boucler

curl up v
se recroqueviller
(intransitive) to become coiled or shriveled
se pelotonner se recroqueviller
(intransitive) to shape one's body into a somewhat ball-like shape, with one's legs tucked into the abdomen, especially for cosiness or for protection.

curler /ˈkɜː(ɹ)lə(ɹ)/ curlers n
curleur curleuse
A sportsman who plays curling.

curlew /ˈkɜːlju/ /ˈkɜːlu/ /ˈkɝlu/ curlews n
courlis
Any of several migratory wading birds in the genus Numenius of the family Scolopacidae, remarkable for their long, slender, downcurved bills.

curlew sandpiper curlew sandpipers n
bécasseau cocorli
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris ferruginea)

curling /ˈkəɹlɪŋ/ /ˈkɜː(ɹ)lɪŋ/ curlings n
curling
(uncountable) A winter sport where players aim and slide stones down a sheet of ice and attempt to get their color stones closest to the house (a circular target marked on the ice).

curling iron curling irons n
fer à friser
A heated cylindrical device for curling the hair.

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlier curliest adj
bouclé frisé
Having curls.
courbe courbé
(typography) Curling in a direction, as opposed to straight (quotation marks or apostrophes)

curly /ˈkɜːli/ /ˈkɝli/ curlies n
frisé
a person or animal with curly hair.

curly bracket curly brackets n
accolade
Either { or }, having various uses in math, music, computer programming and chemistry.

curly kale curly kales n
chou frisé

curmudgeon /kɚˈmʌd͡ʒən/ /kɜːˈmʌdʒ.ən/ curmudgeons n
baderne bourru ganache rombière
An ill-tempered person full of stubborn ideas or opinions.

currant /ˈkɝənt/ /ˈkʌɹənt/ currants n
raisin de Corinthe groseillier
A small dried grape, usually the Black Corinth grape, rarely more than 4 mm in diameter when dried.
groseille groseillier
The fruit of various shrubs of the genus Ribes, white, black or red.
groseillier groseille
A shrub bearing such fruit.

currency /ˈkɝ.ən.si/ /ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/ currencies n
monnaie devise numéraire
Money or other items used to facilitate transactions.
billet de banque
(more, _, specifically) Paper money.
courant
The state of being current; general acceptance, recognition or use.

current /ˈkɝ.ənt/ /ˈkɝ.ɪnt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹənt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪnt/ currenter currentest more current most current adj
actuel courant présent
Existing or occurring at the moment.
actuel
Generally accepted, used, practiced, or prevalent at the moment.

current /ˈkɝ.ənt/ /ˈkɝ.ɪnt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹənt/ /ˈkʌ.ɹɪnt/ currents n
courant
The part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction, especially (oceanography) short for ocean current.
(electricity) the amount of electric charge flowing in each unit of time.
a tendency or a course of events

current account current accounts n
compte courant
(British, Ireland, banking) An account at a bank which is used for daily transactions.

current asset current assets n
actif circulant
(accounting) An asset on the balance sheet which is expected to be sold or otherwise used up in the near future, usually within one year, or one business cycle - whichever is longer, such as cash, accounts receivable, and inventory.

current events n
actualités
Current affairs; those events and issues of interest currently found in the news.

currently /kɝəntli/ /ˈkʌɹəntli/ more currently most currently adv
actuellement maintenant à l'heure actuelle
At this moment, at present, now.

curricular adj
curriculaire
Of, relating to, or following a curriculum.

curriculum /kəˈɹɪk.jə.ləm/ /kəˈɹɪkjələm/ /kɚˈɪkjələm/ /kɜːɹˈɪk.juː.ləm/ curricula curriculums n
cursus
The set of courses, coursework, and their content, offered at a school or university.

curriculum vitae /kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːtaɪ/ /kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːteɪ/ curricula vitae curricula vitarum n
curriculum vitæ CV
(British) A written account of one's life comprising one's education, accomplishments, work experience, publications, etc.; especially, one used to apply for a job.

curry /ˈkɝ.i/ /ˈkʌɹ.i/ curries n
curry
One of a family of dishes originating from Indian cuisine, flavoured by a spiced sauce
curry cari
A spiced sauce or relish, especially one flavoured with curry powder

curry favor v
cirer les bottes flatter
(idiomatic) To seek to gain favor by flattery or attention.

curry leaf curry leaves n
feuille de cari
The leaf of the curry tree, Murraya koenigii, which is used in Indian and Thai cooking (but not in curry powder).

currycomb currycombs n
étrille
A comb or brush, having rubber or plastic teeth, used to groom horses.

currying /ˈkɝɹi.ɪŋ/ /ˈkʌɹi.ɪŋ/ curryings n
curryfication
(computing) The technique of converting a function that takes multiple arguments into a sequence of functions that each take a single argument.

curse /kɜːs/ /kɝs/ curses n
malédiction mauvais sort
A supernatural detriment or hindrance; a bane.
A prayer or imprecation that harm may befall someone.
juron
A vulgar epithet.

curse /kɜːs/ /kɝs/ v
maudire
(transitive) To place a curse upon (a person or object).
To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil upon; to execrate.
jurer gronder
To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to harass or torment.

cursed /kɜːst/ /kɝst/ /ˈkɜːsɪd/ /ˈkɝsɪd/ [kʰɝst] [ˈkʰɝsɪ̈d] curseder cursedest more cursed most cursed adj
maudit maudite
Under some divine harm, malady, or other curse.

cursive /ˈkɜːsɪv/ /ˈkɝsɪv/ more cursive most cursive adj
cursif attaché
(of writing) Having successive letters joined together.

cursive /ˈkɜːsɪv/ /ˈkɝsɪv/ cursives n
cursive
(countable) A cursive character, letter or font.

cursively more cursively most cursively adv
cursivement
In a cursive manner.

cursor /kɜɹsəɹ/ /kɜːsə/ [ˈkʰɜːsə] [ˈkʰɜ˞sə˞] cursors n
curseur
A part of any of several scientific or measuring instruments that moves back and forth to indicate a position.
(GUI) A moving icon or other representation, usually called a pointer, of the position of the pointing device.

cursorial more cursorial most cursorial adj
coureur

cursory /ˈkɜː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈkɜːs.ɹi/ /ˈkɝː.sə.ɹi/ /ˈkɝːs.ɹi/ /ˈkɵː.sɘ.ɹi/ /ˈkɵːs.ɹi/ more cursory most cursory adj
superficiel rapide
Hasty or superficial.

curt /kɜːt/ /kɝt/ curter curtest adj
abrupt sommaire
Brief or terse, especially to the point of being rude.

curtail /kɚˈteɪl/ /kɜːˈteɪl/ v
écourter
(transitive, obsolete) To cut short the tail of an animal
abréger écourter
(transitive) To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate.
restreindre
(transitive, figuratively) To limit or restrict, keep in check.

curtain /ˈkɜː.tən/ /ˈkɝ.tən/ [ˈkʰɝʔn̩] curtains n
rideau
A piece of cloth covering a window, bed, etc. to offer privacy and keep out light.
A similar piece of cloth that separates the audience and the stage in a theater.

curtain rod curtain rods n
tringle
A rod used to hang a curtain, typically by using curtain rings.

curtains /ˈkɜː(ɹ).tənz/ n
fichu
(figuratively, in reference to curtains closing at the end of a stage show) An end or death.

curtsey /ˈkɜːtsɪ/ /ˈkɝtsɪ/ curtseys curtsies n
révérence
A small bow, generally performed by a woman or a girl, where she crosses the shin of one leg behind the calf of her other leg and briefly bends her knees and lowers her body in deference.

curtsey /ˈkɜːtsɪ/ /ˈkɝtsɪ/ v
faire la révérence révérencier
To make a curtsey.

curvaceous /-ʃəs/ /kɚˈveɪ.ʃɪs/ more curvaceous most curvaceous adj
bien roulé plantureux pulpeux
(of a, woman) Having shapely and voluptuous curves; curvy.

curvature /ˈkɝ.və.t͡ʃɚ/ curvatures n
courbure
The shape of something curved.
(differential, _, geometry) The extent to which a Riemannian manifold is intrinsically curved.

curve /kɚv/ /kɜːv/ [ˈkʰɚv] [ˈkʰɜːv] curves n
courbe
A gentle bend, such as in a road.
A simple figure containing no straight portions and no angles; a curved line.
(geometry) A one-dimensional figure of non-zero length; the graph of a continuous map from a one-dimensional space.
courbes courbe
A grading system based on the scale of performance of a group used to normalize a right-skewed grade distribution (with more lower scores) into a bell curve, so that more can receive higher grades, regardless of their actual knowledge of the subject.

curve /kɚv/ /kɜːv/ [ˈkʰɚv] [ˈkʰɜːv] v
courber
(transitive) To bend; to crook.

curve-billed thrasher curve-billed thrashers n
moqueur à bec courbe
A non-migratory species of mimid native to the southwestern United States and much of Mexico, Toxostoma curvirostre.

curveball curveballs n
balle courbe
(baseball) A forespin pitch thrown by rotating the index and middle fingers down and resulting in motion down "curve"

curved /kɜːvd/ /kɝːvd/ more curved most curved adj
courbé
Having a curve or curves; curving.

cushaw cushaws n
courge du Mexique
Any of certain cultivars of Cucurbita argyrosperma (Cucurbita mixta), one of the species of winter squash.

cushion /ˈkʊʃən/ cushions n
coussin
A soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag, used for comfort or support.

cushion /ˈkʊʃən/ v
amortir
To absorb or deaden the impact of.

cushy /ˈkʊʃi/ cushier cushiest more cushy most cushy adj
douillet
(chiefly, US) Comfortable, often in a way that will suit a person's body; ergonomic.

cushy number /ˌkʊʃi ˈnʌmbə/ /ˌkʊʃi ˈnʌmbɚ/ cushy numbers n
boulot peinard boulot pépère planque sinécure
(Britain, informal) A job or task that is easy to do; a position that requires little work or is undemanding; a sinecure.

cusp /kʌsp/ cusps n
point de rebroussement
(geometry) A point of a curve where the curve is continuous but has no derivative, but such that it has a derivative at every nearby point.
cuspide
(astrology) A boundary between zodiacal signs and houses.
(dentistry) Any of the pointed parts of a canine tooth or molar.

cuspidate more cuspidate most cuspidate adj
cuspidé
Having a cusp

cuss /kʌs/ v
jurer
(chiefly, US, colloquial) To use cursing, to use bad language, to speak profanely.

custard /ˈkʌs.təd/ /ˈkʌs.tɚd/ custards n
crème anglaise crème pâtissière custard
(by extension) A similar sauce made from milk and cornflour or custard powder (and usually sugar, and sometimes vanilla or other flavourings) and thickened by heat.

custodian /kəˈstoʊdiən/ custodians n
gardien gardienne
A person entrusted with the custody or care of something or someone; a caretaker or keeper.

custody /ˈkʌstədiː/ custodies n
custodie garde
The legal right to take care of something or somebody, especially children.
custodie détention
Temporary possession or care of somebody else's property.
custodie détention garde à vue
The state of being imprisoned or detained, usually pending a trial.
custodie
(Roman Catholicism) An area under the jurisdiction of a custos within the Order of Friars Minor.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ adj
personnalisé sur mesure
Created under particular specifications, specially to fit one's needs: specialized, unique, custom-made.
(archaic) Accustomed; usual.

custom /ˈkʌstəm/ customs n
coutume
Frequent repetition of the same behavior; way of behavior common to many; ordinary manner; habitual practice; method of doing, living or behaving.
chalandise
(dated, outside, UK) Habitual buying of goods from one same vendor.
coutume us
(legal) Long-established practice, considered as unwritten law, and resting for authority on long consent. Compare prescription.
connaissance
(obsolete) Familiar acquaintance; familiarity.
droit de douane
(archaic, uncountable) Toll, tax, or tribute.

custom and practice n
us et coutumes

custom house custom houses n
douane
An official building, in a port, where customs are collected and shipping is cleared for entry and exit

custom-made adj
personnalisé sur mesure
Made according to the specifications of a particular individual; unique.

customary /ˈkʌs.tə.m(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈkʌs.təˌmɛɹ.i/ more customary most customary adj
habituel coutumier d'usage
In accordance with, or established by, custom or common usage
coutumier
Holding or held by custom

customary /ˈkʌs.tə.m(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈkʌs.təˌmɛɹ.i/ customaries n
coutumier
(law) A book containing laws and usages, or customs; a custumal.

customer /ˈkʌstəmə/ /ˈkʌstəmɚ/ customers n
chaland chalande
(obsolete) A habitual patron, regular purchaser, returning client; one who has a custom of buying from a particular business.
client cliente
A patron, a client; one who purchases or receives a product or service from a business or merchant, or intends to do so.

customer service n
service à la clientèle service client service clientèle
The act of providing services to customers before, during and after a purchase.

customer support n
soutien à la clientèle
Provision of service to customers before, during and after a purchase.

customizable more customizable most customizable adj
personalisable
Able to be customized.

customization customizations n
personnalisation
The act of customizing something.

customs /ˈkʌs.təmz/ customs n
douane douanes
(in the plural) The duties or taxes imposed on imported or exported goods.

customs clearance n
dédouanage dédouanement

customs officer customs officers n
douanier douanière
An officer enforcing customs laws.

customs union customs unions n
union douanière
A type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.

custos custodes n
custode
(Roman Catholicism) A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ more cut most cut adj
coupé coupée coupées coupés
(participial adjective) Having been cut.
taillé
(of a gem) Carved into a shape; not raw.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ interjection
coupez!

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ cuts n
coupe entaille
The act of cutting.
(card games) The act or right of dividing a deck of playing cards.
coupe
The result of cutting.
The manner or style in which a garment or an article of clothing is fashioned.
A slab or slice, especially of meat.
coupure entaille
An opening resulting from cutting; an incision or wound.
coupé
(fencing) An attack made with a chopping motion of the blade, landing with its edge or point.

cut /kʊt/ /kʌt/ v
couper
To divide with a knife, scissors, or another sharp instrument.
(intransitive) To admit of incision or severance; to yield to a cutting instrument.
(transitive, computing) To remove (text, a picture, etc.) and place in memory in order to paste at a later time.
(transitive, intransitive) To divide a pack of playing cards into two.
couper inciser
To perform an incision on, for example with a knife.
couper sécher
To abridge or shorten a work; to remove a portion of a recording during editing.
couper réduire
(transitive, slang) To make, to negotiate, to conclude.

cut corners v
prendre des raccourcis
To bypass a prescribed route so as to gain competitive advantage or to circumvent traffic signals or other rules of the road.
couper les coins ronds
(idiomatic) To do a less-than-thorough or incomplete job; to do something poorly; to take inappropriate shortcuts.

cut down v
abattre
(transitive) To bring down by cutting.
diminuer réduire
(idiomatic) To reduce the amount of something.

cut glass n
taille du verre
Glass that has been cut, using an abrasive wheel, into a decorative pattern of facets.

cut in v
couper resquiller
To join a queue in the middle, as opposed to at the back.
relayer
(idiomatic, dated) To dance with someone who is already dancing by replacing his or her partner.

cut off v
couper tailler trancher
(transitive) To remove via cutting.
couper
(transitive) To isolate or remove from contact.
(transitive) To end abruptly.
couper la parole
(transitive) To stop providing funds or something else to (someone).
(transitive) To interrupt (someone speaking).
couper la route faire une queue de poisson
(transitive) (North American) swerve in front of (another car) while driving; cut [someone] up

cut one loose v
lâcher une caisse
(slang, vulgar, idiomatic) To flatulate; to fart.

cut one's losses v
arrêter les frais
To discontinue something to put a stop to continued losses after facing that it is unlikely it will ever bear fruit.

cut one's teeth v
faire ses dents se faire les dents
(idiomatic) To begin; to gain early experience.

cut out v
arrêter
(transitive) To refrain from (doing something, using something etc.), to stop/cease (doing something).
enlever supprimer
(transitive) To remove, omit.
caler
(intransitive) To stop working, to switch off; (of a person on the telephone etc.) to be inaudible, be disconnected.

cut out the middleman v
supprimer les intermédiaires

cut scene cut scenes n
cinématique
(video games) A typically non-interactive portion of cinematic narrative shown during a video game to advance the story. Cut scenes may be presented with full motion video or may be done with the game engine, in which case they may allow some interactivity.

cut someone some slack v
donner du mou lâcher la bride

cut the Gordian knot v
trancher le nœud gordien

cut the cheese v
coupe fromage
(North America, euphemistic, idiomatic, slang) To fart (flatulate).

cut the mustard /kʌt ðə ˈmʌstəd/ /kʌt ðə ˈmʌstəɹd/ v
faire le poids
(intransitive, idiomatic) To achieve the expected standard; to be effective or good enough; to suffice.

cut the umbilical cord v
couper le cordon

cut ties v
couper les ponts

cut to the chase v
aller droit au but aller à l'essentiel
(idiomatic) To get to the point; to get on with it; to state something directly.

cut to the quick v
piquer au vif
(transitive, figuratively) To hurt a person deeply, especially emotionally.

cut-out /ˈkʌt.aʊt/ /ˈkʌɾ-/ cut-outs n
découpage découpe
A hole or space produced when something is removed by cutting.

cutaneous /kjuːˈteɪniəs/ adj
cutané dermatologique épidermique
(anatomy, zoology) Of, relating to, existing on, or affecting the exterior skin, especially the cutis.

cutaway /ˈkʌtəweɪ/ cutaways n
plan de coupe
(television) A cut to a shot of person listening to a speaker so that the audience can see the listener's reaction.
queue-de-pie
A coat with a tapered frontline.
échancrure
(music) An indentation in the upper bout of a guitar's body adjacent to the neck, allowing easier access to the upper frets.

cute /kjuːt/ /kɪu̯t/ cuter cutest adj
mignon chou
Possessing physical features, behaviors, personality traits or other properties that are mainly attributed to infants and small or cuddly animals; e.g. fair, dainty, round, and soft physical features, disproportionately large eyes and head, playfulness, fragility, helplessness, curiosity or shyness, innocence, affectionate behavior.
joli mignon
Lovable, charming, attractive or pleasing, especially in a youthful, dainty, quaint or fun-spirited way.

cute as a button adj
mignon comme un bouton
(simile) Very cute.

cuteness cutenesses n
mignoncité mignonitude mignonité mignonnerie
The state of being cute (endearingly attractive).

cuticle /ˈkjuːtɪkəl/ cuticles n
cuticule
The strip of hardened skin at the base and sides of a fingernail or toenail.
(zoology, botany) A noncellular protective covering outside the epidermis of many invertebrates and plants.

cuticular adj
cuticulaire
Of or pertaining to the cuticle

cutie /ˈkjuti/ /ˈkjuːti/ [-ɾi] cuties n
mignon
A cute person or animal.

cutin cutins n
cutine
(biochemistry) A waxy polymer of hydroxy acids that is the main constituent of plant cuticle.

cutlass /ˈkʌtləs/ cutlasses n
sabre d'abordage
(nautical) A short sword with a curved blade, and a convex edge; once used by sailors when boarding an enemy ship.

cutler cutlers n
coutelier coutelière
One whose business is making or dealing in cutlery.

cutlery /ˈkʊt.lə.ɹi/ /ˈkʌt.lə.ɹi/ cutleries n
couverts couverts de table services
A collective ensemble of eating and serving utensils such as knives, forks and spoons.

cutlet cutlets n
côtelette
A thin slice of meat, usually fried.
A chop, a specific piece of meat (especially pork, chicken, or beef) cut from the side of an animal.

cutoff /kəˈtɑf/ /kəˈtɒf/ /kəˈtɔf/ /kəˈtɔːf/ [kəˈɾɑf] [kəˈɾɔːf] cutoffs n
de coupure de seuil seuil
The point at which something terminates or to which it is limited.

cutpurse /ˌkʌtˈpɜːs/ /ˌkʌtˈpɝs/ cutpurses n
coupe-bourse voleur à la tire
A thief who steals from others' purses or pockets in public.

cutter /ˈkʌtə/ /ˈkʌtɚ/ cutters n
coupeur coupeuse
A person or device that cuts (in various senses).
cotre
(nautical) A single-masted, fore-and-aft rigged, sailing vessel with at least two headsails, and a mast set further aft than that of a sloop.
chaloupe
(nautical) A ship's boat, used for transport ship-to-ship or ship-to-shore.

cutthroat /ˈkʌtθɹoʊt/ cutthroats n
coupe-jarret
A murderer who slits the throats of victims.

cutting /ˈkʌtɪŋ/ cuttings n
découpage
(countable, uncountable) The action of the verb to cut.
bouture
(countable, horticulture) A leaf, stem, branch, or root removed from a plant and cultivated to grow a new plant.
coupure
(countable) A newspaper clipping.
montage
(uncountable, cinematography, sound engineering) The editing of film or other recordings.

cutting room cutting rooms n
salle de montage
(cinema) A room in which a film is edited to its final form.

cuttlefish /-təɹ-/ /ˈkʌt(ə)lfɪʃ/ /ˈkʌtl̩fɪʃ/ [-ɾ(ə)l] cuttlefish cuttlefishes n
seiche
any of various squid-like cephalopods (marine mollusks) of the order Sepiida that have eight arms, two retractable tentacles, and a calcareous internal shell, and can eject a dark ink when threatened

cuttlefish bone /ˌkʌt(ə)lˌfɪʃ ˈboʊn/ /ˌkʌtl̩fɪʃ ˈbəʊn/ [-ɾ(ə)l-] cuttlefish bones n
os de seiche sépion
The calcareous, oval-shaped internal shell of a cuttlefish (order Sepiida), originally used in powdered form as an antacid and for absorbing moisture or polishing objects, and now chiefly as a dietary supplement for cage birds.

cutwater cutwaters n
taille-mer
(nautical) The forward curve of the stem of a ship.

cwm /kuːm/ /kʊm/ cwms n
cirque
A valley head created through glacial erosion and with a shape similar to an amphitheatre.

cyan /saɪˈæn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪˌæn/ more cyan most cyan adj
turquois cyan
Of the colour cyan.

cyan /saɪˈæn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪˌæn/ cyans n
cyan
An additive secondary colour midway between green and blue, evoked by wavelengths between ~490 and ~520 nm.

cyanic acid n
acide cyanique

cyanide /ˈsaɪənaɪd/ cyanides n
cyanure
(chemistry, countable) Any compound containing the -C≡N group or the CN− anion.

cyanidin /saɪˈænədɪn/ cyanidins n
cyanidine
(organic compound) An anthocyanidin pigment, 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) chromenylium-3,5,7-triol, found in many red berries.

cyano- prefix
cyano-
dark blue-green in colour

cyanoacrylate cyanoacrylates n
cyanoacrylate
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of esters of cyanoacrylic acid that are used as instant adhesives.

cyanobacterium cyanobacteria n
cyanobactérie
(biology) Any of very many photosynthetic prokaryotic microorganisms, of phylum Cyanobacteria, once known as blue-green algae.

cyanogen /sajˈæn.ə.d͡ʒɪn/ cyanogens n
cyane
(organic compound) The pseudohalogen (CN)2; a colourless, poisonous gas used as a rocket propellant, an insecticide and in chemical warfare.

cyanosis /ˌsaɪəˈnoʊsɪs/ cyanoses n
cyanose
(pathology) A blue discolouration of the skin due to the circulation of blood low in oxygen.

cyanotype /saɪˈænəʊˌtaɪp/ /saɪˈænəˌtaɪp/ cyanotypes n
cyanotype cyanotypie
(countable) A photographic print produced by means of this process.

cyber- /ˈsaɪbə/ /ˈsaɪbɚ/ prefix
cyber-
Relating to the Internet or cyberspace, or to computers more generally.

cyberattack cyberattacks n
cyberattaque
An attack or intrusion by means of a computer network such as the Internet, often for the purpose of spying.

cyberattacker cyberattackers n
cyberattaquant cyberattaquante
(Internet) The perpetrator of a cyberattack.

cyberbullying n
cyber-harcèlement cyber-intimidation cyberharcèlement cyberintimidation
Acts in cyberspace intended to make life unpleasant for another person.

cybercrime cybercrimes n
cybercriminalité
Crime committed using computer networks.
cybercrime
An individual crime of this kind.

cybercriminal cybercriminals n
cybercriminel
A perpetrator of cybercrime.

cyberdefense cyberdefenses n
cyberdéfense
Defense against internet attack.

cyberespionage n
cyberespionnage
Espionage carried out by means of the Internet or in cyberspace.

cyberharassment n
cyberharcèlement cyberintimidation
Harassment that takes place online, in cyberspace.

cyberian cyberians n
cybérien
A user of the Internet or virtual reality.

cybernetic /ˌsaɪbə(ɹ)ˈnɛtɪk/ /ˌsaɪbɚˈnɛtɪk/ more cybernetic most cybernetic adj
cybernétique
Of or relating to cybernetics—the mathematical study of communication and control in living organisms or machines.
Of or relating to computers and internet.

cyberneticist cyberneticists n
cybernéticien cybernéticienne
Someone who studies cybernetics.

cybernetics /ˌsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˈnɛ.tɪks/ n
cybernétique
The theory/science of communication and control in living organisms or machines.
The art/study of governing, controlling automatic processes and communication.
informatique
Technology related to computers and Internet.

cyberprodigy cyberprodigies n
cyber-prodige

cyberpunk cyberpunks n
cyberpunk
(science fiction, uncountable) A subgenre of science fiction which focuses on computer or information technology and virtual reality juxtaposed with a degree of breakdown or radical change in the social order.
(music genre, uncountable) A musical genre related to the punk movement that makes use of electronic sounds such as synthesizers.

cyberresilience n
cyberrésilience

cybersecurity /saɪbəsɪˈkjʊəɹɪtɪ/ n
cybersécurité
Security against electronic attacks such as cyberwarfare or cyberterrorism.

cybersex n
cybersexe
A virtual sexual encounter in which two or more persons connected remotely via a computer network send one another sexually explicit messages simulating a sexual experience.

cyberspace /ˈsaɪ.bəɹˌspeɪs/ /ˈsaɪ.bəˌspeɪs/ cyberspaces n
cyberespace
A world of information accessed through the Internet.
(science fiction) A three-dimensional representation of virtual space in a computer network.

cyberstrategy cyberstrategies n
cyberstratégie
Military strategy in cyberspace.

cyberterrorism n
cyberterrorisme
(computing) The deliberate, large-scale disruption of networks of computers, especially of computers attached to the Internet, by means of viruses etc.

cyberwarfare n
cyberguerre guerre informatique
Warfare taking place on the Internet, as by disrupting critical online services.

cyborg /ˈsaɪ.boɹɡ/ /ˈsaɪ.bɔː(ɹ)ɡ/ [ˈsaɪ.bo̞ɹɡ] cyborgs n
cyborg
(scifi) A being which is part machine and part organic.

cyclable adj
cyclable
Capable of being cycled (progressed through a cycle, or ridden by bicycle)

cyclamen cyclamens n
cyclamen artanite
Any of various flowering plants, of the genus Cyclamen, widely cultivated as a houseplant, having decorative leaves and solitary flowers.

cycle /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈsɑɪ.kəl/ [ˈsaɪ.kl̩] [ˈsɑɪ.kl̩] cycles n
tour cycle
A complete rotation of anything.
cycle
A process that returns to its beginning and then repeats itself in the same sequence.
A series of poems, songs or other works of art, typically longer than a trilogy.
A programme on a washing machine, dishwasher, or other such device.

cycle /ˈsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈsɑɪ.kəl/ [ˈsaɪ.kl̩] [ˈsɑɪ.kl̩] v
faire du vélo biker véloter
To go through a cycle or to put through a cycle.

cycle of fifths cycles of fifths n
cycle des quintes
(music, _, theory) A sequence of bass notes at intervals of one perfect fifth lower than the previous note. In twelve-tone equal temperament the sequence repeats every twelve tones, forming a cycle.

cycle rickshaw cycle rickshaws n
rickshaw
A rickshaw, mostly used as taxi, with two wheels in the back for the carriage and one wheel for steering in the front (or sometimes vice versa), propelled by the action of a driver’s feet upon pedals.

cyclic /ˈsaɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɑɪ.klɪk/ /ˈsɪk.lɪk/ more cyclic most cyclic adj
cyclique
Characterized by, or moving in cycles, or happening at regular intervals.

cyclic redundancy check cyclic redundancy checks n
CRC contrôle de redondance cyclique
(computing) A type of hash function that produces a checksum used to detect and correct transmission errors in data (abbreviation CRC).

cyclicality cyclicalities n
cyclicité
The condition of being cyclic.

cycling /ˈsaɪk(ə)lɪŋ/ cyclings n
cyclisme
(uncountable) The sport of riding and racing cycles, especially bicycles.

cyclist /ˈsaɪ.klɪst/ cyclists n
cycliste
A person who rides a cycle, especially a bicycle, or who habitually engages in cycling.

cyclize v
cycliser
(chemistry, ambitransitive) To undergo, or cause to undergo, a reaction resulting in the formation of an aromatic or ring structure.

cyclo- /saɪ.kloʊ/ /saɪ.klə/ /sʌɪ.klə(ʊ)/ prefix
cyclo-
Circle, circular.

cycloalkane cycloalkanes n
cycloalcane cyclane
(organic chemistry) Any saturated alicyclic hydrocarbon.

cyclobutadiene cyclobutadienes n
cyclobutadiène
(organic compound) The unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbon, C4H4, that is the smallest annulene.

cyclobutane cyclobutanes n
cyclobutane
(uncountable, organic compound) A simple alicyclic hydrocarbon, C4H8; a light inflammable gas.
(countable, organic chemistry) Any derivative of this compound.

cyclocomputer cyclocomputers n
cyclomètre
A device, designed to be mounted on the handlebar of a bicycle, that displays trip information.

cyclocross /ˈsaɪkləʊˌkɹɒs/ n
cyclo-cross
(cycle racing) A form of bicycle racing consisting of many laps of a short course featuring pavement, wooded trails, grass, steep hills and obstacles and requiring the rider to quickly dismount, carry the bike whilst navigating the obstruction and remount in one motion.

cycloheptane cycloheptanes n
cycloheptane
(organic compound) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C7H14; a volatile inflammable liquid.

cyclohexane /ˌsaɪkloʊˈhɛkseɪn/ cyclohexanes n
cyclohexane
(organic compound) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C6H12, consisting of a ring of six carbon atoms; a volatile liquid.

cyclohexene cyclohexenes n
cyclohexène
(organic compound) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing six carbon atoms and one double bond; any of its derivatives.

cycloid /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/ adj
cycloïdal
Resembling a circle; cycloidal.
cycloïde
(zoology, of fish scales) Thin and rounded, with smooth edges.

cycloid /ˈsaɪklɔɪd/ cycloids n
cycloïde
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping on a fixed straight line.

cyclomatic /ˌsaɪkləˈmætɪk/ adj
cyclomatique
(graph theory) Used to describe the number of edges that must be removed from a graph to ensure that no graph cycle remains; equal to the number of edges, minus the number of nodes plus one.

cyclone /ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/ /ˈsaɪ.kləʊn/ cyclones n
cyclone
(broad sense) A weather phenomenon consisting of a system of winds rotating around a centre of low atmospheric pressure.
(narrow sense) Such a weather phenomenon occurring in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean

cyclonic more cyclonic most cyclonic adj
cyclonique
Of, pertaining to, or resembling a cyclone.

cyclopentadiene cyclopentadienes n
cyclopentadiène
(organic compound) an unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon, C5H6; it forms complexes with some transition elements

cyclopentane cyclopentanes n
cyclopentane
(organic compound) An alicyclic hydrocarbon, C5H10; a volatile inflammable liquid, sometimes used as a solvent.

cyclopropane cyclopropanes n
cyclopropane
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) The simplest alicyclic hydrocarbon, C3H6, an inflammable gas, sometimes used as an anaesthetic.

cyclops /ˈsaɪˌklɑps/ cyclopes cyclops cyclopses n
cyclope
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) A one-eyed giant from Greek and Roman mythology.

cyclostome cyclostomes n
cyclostome
Any of various primitive jawless fish of the class Cyclostomata, such as the lamprey or hagfish.

cyclothymia cyclothymias n
cyclothymie
(medicine) A chronic mental disturbance characterized by mood swings and depression.

cyclotron /ˈsaɪklətɹɒn/ cyclotrons n
cyclotron
An early particle accelerator in which charged particles were generated at a central source and accelerated spirally outward through a fixed magnetic field and alternating electric fields.

cygnet /ˈsɪɡ.nɪt/ cygnets n
cygneau jeune cygne petit du cygne
The young of a swan.

cylinder /ˈsɪləndɚ/ /ˈsɪlɪndə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪlɪ̈ndɚ] cylinders n
cylindre
(geometry) A surface created by projecting a closed two-dimensional curve along an axis intersecting the plane of the curve.
(geometry) A solid figure bounded by a cylinder and two parallel planes intersecting the cylinder.
Any object in the form of a circular cylinder.
A cylindrical cavity or chamber in a mechanism, such as the counterpart to a piston found in a piston-driven engine.
(automotive) The space in which a piston travels inside a reciprocating engine or pump.
barillet
A container in the form of a cylinder with rounded ends for storing pressurized gas; a gas cylinder.
cylindre cylindre phonographique
An early form of phonograph recording, made on a wax cylinder.
barillet bonbonne
The part of a revolver that contains chambers for the cartridges.

cylinder head cylinder heads n
culasse
(automotive) A part of an internal combustion engine, usually made as a removable piece, that closes one end of the engine's cylinders.

cylindrical /sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/ more cylindrical most cylindrical adj
cylindrique
Shaped like a cylinder.

cymbal /ˈsɪmbəl/ [ˈsɪmbɫ̩] cymbals n
cymbale
(musical instruments) A concave plate of brass or bronze that produces a sharp, ringing sound when struck: played either in pairs, by striking them together, or singly by striking with a drumstick or the like.

cymophane /ˈsaɪ.məˌfeɪn/ /ˈsʌɪ.mə(ʊ)ˌfeɪn/ cymophanes n
cymophane
(mineral) A translucent yellowish chatoyant chrysoberyl.

cynanthropy n
cynanthropie
(medicine) A delusion in which a person believes he or she is transformed into a dog.

cynic /ˈsɪnɪk/ more cynic most cynic adj
cynique
cynical (in all senses)
(not comparable) Relating to the Dog Star.

cynical /ˈsɪnɪkəl/ more cynical most cynical adj
cynique
Of or relating to the belief that human actions are motivated only or primarily by base desires or selfishness.

cynically /ˈsɪn.ɪk.(ə.)li/ more cynically most cynically adv
cyniquement
in a cynical manner

cynicism /ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/ cynicisms n
cynisme
(countable) A skeptical, scornful or pessimistic comment or act.

cynocephaly n
cynocéphalie
(mythology) The state of a human having the head of a dog.

cynological adj
cynologique

cynology n
cynologie
The study of dogs.

cynophile cynophiles n
cynophile
A person who loves canines; a dog lover.

cynophobia /ˌsaɪnəˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˌsaɪnəˈfəʊbi.ə/ cynophobias n
cynophobie
An irrational fear or hatred of dogs or other canines.

cynophobic more cynophobic most cynophobic adj
canophobe cynophobe
Of or relating to cynophobia, having an irrational fear or hatred / dislike of dogs or other canines.

cynosure /-sjʊə/ /-ʃɚ/ /-ʃʊə/ /ˈsaɪnəʃʊɹ/ /ˈsɪn-/ /ˈsɪnəzjʊə/ cynosures n
chien d'aveugle guide mentor parangon tramontane
(figuratively) That which serves to guide or direct; a guiding star.
cible foyer point de mire
(figuratively) Something that is the center of attention; an object that serves as a focal point of attraction and admiration.

cypress /ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/ cypresses n
cyprès
An evergreen coniferous tree with flattened shoots bearing small scale-like leaves, whose dark foliage is sometimes associated with mourning, in family Cupressaceae, especially the genera Cupressus and Chamaecyparis.

cyst /sɪst/ cysts n
kyste
A pouch or sac without opening, usually membranous and containing morbid matter, which develops in one of the natural cavities or in the substance of an organ.

cystectomy cystectomies n
cystectomie
(surgery) The removal of the bladder; the removal of a cyst

cysteine /ˈsɪs.tɪ.iːn/ cysteines n
cystéine
(amino acid) A sulphur-containing nonessential amino acid C3H7NO2S found in most animal proteins; it readily oxidizes to cystine.

cystic /ˈsɪstɪk/ adj
kystique
Of or pertaining to a cyst.

cystic duct cystic ducts n
canal cystique conduit cystique
(anatomy) A short duct that leads from the gallbladder and unites with the common hepatic duct to form the common bile duct.

cystic fibrosis n
mucoviscidose
(pathology) An inherited condition in which the exocrine glands produce abnormally viscous mucus, causing chronic respiratory and digestive problems.

cystine /ˈsɪs.tiːn/ cystines n
cystine
(chemistry) A nonessential amino acid formed by the oxidation of cysteine; it contains two cysteine residues linked by a disulfide bond.

cystitis /sɪsˈtaɪtɪs/ cystitides n
cystite
(pathology) Inflammation of the urinary bladder.

cysto- prefix
cysto-
(anatomy) Of or relating to the urinary bladder.

cystocele cystoceles n
cystocèle
(medicine) Hernial intrusion of the bladder into the vagina, resulting from tearing of the pubocervical fascia during childbirth and often accompanied by urethroceles.

cystoscopy cystoscopies n
cystoscopie
An endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra

cystotomy cystotomies n
cystotomie
A surgical operation which consists of making an incision into the urinary bladder.

cythero- prefix
cythéro-

cytherocentric more cytherocentric most cytherocentric adj
cythérocentrique

cytherocentric orbit cytherocentric orbits n
orbite cythérocentrique

cytisus cytisuses n
cytise
Any flowering plant in the genus Cytisus.

cyto- prefix
cyto-
(biology) cell.

cytochemistry cytochemistries n
cytochimie
(biochemistry) The biochemistry of cells, especially that of the macromolecules responsible for cell structure and function.

cytochrome /ˈsaɪtəkɹəʊm/ cytochromes n
cytochrome
Any of various related hemoproteins found in the cells of most organisms, which are an important part of cell respiration.

cytogenesis /ˌsaɪt.əʊˈdʒɛn.ə.sɪs/ cytogeneses n
cytogenèse

cytogenetic /ˌsaɪtoʊd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/ adj
cytogénétique
Of or pertaining to cytogenetics.

cytogenetics n
cytogénétique
(biology, genetics) The branch of genetics that studies the relationships between the structure and number of chromosomes as seen in isolated cells and variation in genotype and phenotype

cytokine cytokines n
cytokine
(protein, immunology) Any of various small regulatory proteins that regulate the cells of the immune system.

cytokine storm cytokine storms n
choc cytokinique
(pathology) An immune system–cytokine positive feedback reaction to certain infections and certain drugs, which occurs when large numbers of white blood cells are activated and release inflammatory cytokines, which in turn activate more white blood cells.

cytokinesis cytokineses n
cytocinèse cytokinèse
(biology) The process in which the cytoplasm of a cell divides following the division of the nucleus.

cytological adj
cytologique
Of, or relating to cytology or cytologists.

cytologist /saɪˈtɑːləd͡ʒɪst/ /saɪˈtɒlədʒɪst/ cytologists n
cytologiste
A biologist who studies cells.

cytology /saɪˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /saɪˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
cytologie
(biology) The study of cells.

cytolysis cytolyses n
cytolyse
The pathological breakdown of a cell due to the bursting of the cell membrane caused by osmosis

cytoplasm /ˈsaɪtoʊˌplæzəm/ /ˈsaɪtəʊˌplæzəm/ cytoplasms n
cytoplasme
(cytology) The contents of a cell except for the nucleus. It includes cytosol, organelles, vesicles, and the cytoskeleton.

cytoplasmic /saɪtə(ʊ)ˈplazmɪk/ adj
cytoplasmique
(cytology) Of or pertaining to cytoplasm.

cytosine /ˈsaɪtəsiːn/ cytosines n
cytosine
(biochemistry) A heterocyclic base, 4-aminopyrimidin-2(1H)-one, which pairs with guanine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).

cytoskeleton cytoskeleta cytoskeletons n
cytosquelette

cytosol cytosols n
cytosol hyaloplasme
(cytology) The aqueous solution of a cell's cytoplasm, consisting of water, organic molecules and inorganic ions.

cytosolic more cytosolic most cytosolic adj
cytosolique
Of or pertaining to the cytosol.

cytotaxonomic adj
cytotaxinomique
(taxonomy) Relating to cytotaxonomy

cytotoxic more cytotoxic most cytotoxic adj
cytotoxique
Of, relating to, or being a cytotoxin.
Of or relating to cytotoxicity.

cytotoxic T cell cytotoxic T cells n
lymphocyte T cytotoxique
(immunology) A subtype of T cell, capable of inducing death in infected somatic or tumor cells.

cytotoxin cytotoxins n
cytotoxine
(cytology) Any substance having a specific toxic effect on certain cells

cégep cégeps n
cégep
(Québec) A publicly funded school that combines grade 12 with either college or freshman year of university, depending on the programme. It can be a public-sector school or a private school with some public funding, though those with "CEGEP" in the name are usually public-sector. In Québec's system, it is a required step between secondary school (ending in grade 11) and university (starting in sophomore year).

d'Amour pn
d'Amour

d'oh /doʊ(ʔ)/ /dəʊ(ʔ)/ interjection
d'oh t’oh
Expresses frustration or anger, especially at one’s own stupidity.

d10 n
D10

d100 n
D100 d%

d12 n
D12

d20 /ˈdaɪˌtwɛnti/ /ˈdiːˌtwɛnti/ n
D20

d4 d4s n
D4

d6 d6s n
D6

d8 d8s n
D8

dab /dæb/ v
tamponner tapoter
(transitive) To press lightly in a repetitive motion with a soft object without rubbing.
dabber
(dance, intransitive) To perform the dab dance move, by moving both arms to one side of the body parallel with your head.

dabble /ˈdæb(ə)l/ /ˈdæbəl/ v
barboter
(transitive) To cause splashing by moving a body part like a bill or limb in soft mud, water, etc., often playfully; to play in shallow water; to paddle.

dace /deɪs/ dace daces n
vandoise
A shoal-forming fish of species Leuciscus leuciscus, common to swift rivers in England and Wales and in Europe.

dacha /ˈdæt͡ʃə/ dachas dachi n
datcha
A Russian villa or summer house in the countryside.

dachshund /ˈdæk.sənd/ /ˈdæksˌhʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.h(a)ʊnd/ /ˈdæʃ.ənd/ /ˈdɑk.sənd/ /ˈdɑksˌhʊnt/ /ˈdɑːksˌhʊnd/ dachshunde dachshunds n
teckel
A certain breed of dog having short legs and a long trunk, including standard-sized, miniature (smooth-haired, long-haired, and short-haired) varieties.

dacite /ˈdeɪsaɪt/ dacites n
dacite
(geology) An igneous, volcanic rock with a high iron content.

dacryorrhea n
dacryorrhée
excessive lacrimal secretion

dactyl /ˈdæktɪɫ/ dactyls n
dactyle
A metrical foot of three syllables (— ⏑ ⏑), one long followed by two short, or one accented followed by two unaccented.

dactylic /dæk.ˈtɪ.lɪk/ more dactylic most dactylic adj
dactylique

dactyliform adj
dactyliforme

dactylology /ˌdæktəlˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌdæktɪlˈɒlədʒi/ n
dactylologie
The use of the fingers and hands to communicate ideas, especially by the deaf.

dactyloscopy /ˌdæktɪlˈɒskəpi/ n
dactyloscopie
The forensic analysis and comparison of fingerprints as a means of identification of individuals

dad /dæd/ dads n
papa
(informal) A father, a male parent.
Used to address one's father

dad joke v
blague de papa blague à papa joke de papa
(colloquial) To tell (someone) a dad joke.

dadaism /ˈdɑːdɑːɪzəm/ dadaisms n
dadaïsme
The cultural movement of Dada.

daddy /ˈdædi/ daddies n
papa
(slang, obsolete) The person who gives away the bride at a wedding, in the absence of her actual father.

daddy long-legs spider daddy long-legs spiders n
tipule
Any of the true spiders of the family Pholcidae: small spiders with long legs.

daddy longlegs /ˈdædɪ ˈlɒŋ(ɡ)lɛɡz/ daddy longlegs daddy longlegses n
faucheur
(Australia, Canada, New Zealand, US) Any (non-spider) arachnid of the order Opiliones, mostly with long thin legs; the harvestman.

dado /ˈdeɪdoʊ/ /ˈdeɪdəʊ/ dadoes dados n
embrèvement
(carpentry) The rectangular channel in a board cut across the grain.

daemon /ˈdeɪmən/ /ˈdiːmən/ daemons n
démon
(computing, Unix) A process (a running program) that does not have a controlling terminal.

daeva /ˈdiːvə/ daevas n
dive
(Zoroastrianism) A supernatural entity of disagreeable nature.

daffodil /ˈdæfəˌdɪl/ daffodils n
jonquille narcisse
(countable) A bulbous plant of the genus Narcissus, with yellow flowers and a trumpet shaped corona, especially Narcissus pseudonarcissus, the national flower of Wales.

daft /dæft/ /dɑːft/ dafter daftest adj
branque dingue simplet
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Foolish, silly, stupid.
cinglé
(chiefly, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, informal) Crazy, insane, mad.

daft as a brush adj
con comme un balai
Tending to do or say silly things.

dagesh dageshes n
dagesh
A symbol used in Hebrew script to denote a geminated consonant, or a consonant pronounced as a plosive as opposed to as a fricative.

dagger /ˈdæɡə/ /ˈdæɡəɹ/ daggers n
poignard croix kandjar
(weapons) A stabbing weapon, similar to a sword but with a short, double-edged blade.

daggertooth pike conger daggertooth pike congers n
murène japonaise
Muraenesox cinereus, a species of eel native to the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

daguerreotype /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)oʊˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)əˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɹ.(ɪ.)əʊˌtaɪp/ daguerreotypes n
daguerréotype
An early type of photograph created by exposing a silver surface which has previously been exposed to either iodine vapor or iodine and bromine vapors.

daguerreotype /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)oʊˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɚ.(i.)əˌtaɪp/ /dəˈɡɛɹ.(ɪ.)əʊˌtaɪp/ v
daguerréotyper
(transitive, intransitive) To make a photograph using this process, to make a daguerreotype (of).

dagwood dog dagwood dogs n
pogo
A batter-covered hot dog wiener, deep fried and eaten off a wooden stick.

dah /dɑː/ dahs n
ta
The spoken representation of a dash in radio and telegraph Morse code.

dahlia /ˈdeɪlɪə/ /ˈdɑːlɪə/ dahlias n
dahlia
Any plant of the genus Dahlia, tuberous perennial flowering plants native to Mexico.

dahu dahus n
dahu

daikon /ˈdaɪkɒn/ daikon daikons n
daïkon radis blanc radis chinois radis d'hiver radis japonais
An East Asian cultivar or subspecies of garden radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, syn. Raphanus sativus) bearing a large, white, carrot-shaped taproot consumed throughout East and South Asia but grown in North America primarily as a fallow crop for its fast-growing leaves (used as animal fodder) and as a soil ripper.

daily /ˈdeɪli/ adj
quotidien journalier
That occurs every day, or at least every working day

daily /ˈdeɪli/ adv
quotidiennement chaque jour tous les jours journellement
quotidianly, every day

daily /ˈdeɪli/ dailies n
quotidien
A newspaper that is published every day.

daily bread /ˈdeɪli ˌbɹɛd/ n
pain quotidien
All those things, such as regular food and water, needed to sustain physical life.
(by extension, chiefly, _, Christianity) All those things, such as regular prayer, worship and meditation, needed to sustain spiritual life.

daimyo /ˈdaɪ.mjoʊ/ /ˈdaɪ.mjəʊ/ daimyo daimyoes daimyos n
daimyo
(historical) A lord during the Japanese feudal period.

dainty /ˈdeɪnti/ daintier daintiest adj
délicat mignon
Elegant; delicately small and pretty.

daiquiri /ˈdaɪ.kə.ɹi/ /ˈdaɪ.kɪ.ɹi/ /ˈdæ.kə.ɹi/ /ˈdæ.kɪ.ɹi/ daiquiris n
daiquiri ti-punch
A cocktail of rum, lemon or lime juice and sugar, sometimes with fruit added.

dairy /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ /ˈdɛɚ.i/ /ˈdɛɹ.i/ adj
laitier
(specifically) Referring to products produced from animal milk as opposed to non-milk substitutes.

dairy /ˈdɛə.ɹi/ /ˈdɛɚ.i/ /ˈdɛɹ.i/ dairies n
laiterie
A place, often on a farm, where milk is processed and turned into products such as butter and cheese.
alimentation générale dépanneur
(New Zealand) A corner store, superette or minimart.
laiterie crèmerie laitages produits laitiers
(uncountable) (also dairy products or dairy produce) Products produced from milk.

dairy farm dairy farms n
élevage laitier
A place where dairy farming takes place.

dairy product dairy products n
laitage produit laitier
Any foodstuff made from milk, such as cheese or yogurt.

dais /-əs/ /ˈdaɪ-/ /ˈdeɪ.əs/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪs/ daises n
estrade
A raised platform in a room for a high table, a seat of honour, a throne, or other dignified occupancy, such as ancestral statues; a similar platform supporting a lectern, pulpit, etc., which may be used to speak from. [from c. 1800.]

daisy /ˈdeɪ.zi/ daisies n
pâquerette marguerite
The wild flowering plant Bellis perennis of the Asteraceae family, with a yellow head and white petals
marguerite
Any of numerous other flowering plants of various species, mostly among the asterids.

daisy chain v
connecter en série
(electronics) To connect a network or other peripheral in sequence from one node to another through the connected devices.

dale /deɪl/ dales n
vallon
(slightly dated, mainly, Britain) A valley, often in an otherwise hilly area.

dalet /ˈdɑː.lɪd/ /ˈdɑː.lɪt/ /ˈdɑː.lɪð/ dalets n
daleth dalèt
The fourth letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

dalgona /dælˈɡoʊnə/ /dælˈɡəʊnə/ dalgonas n
dalgona
A Korean sweet made of sugar and baking soda.

dalgona coffee dalgona coffees n
café dalgona
A coffee beverage made using whipped dalgona-flavored coffee cream and milk.

dalliance /ˈdalɪəns/ /ˈdæli.əns/ dalliances n
flirt conter fleurette coquetage
Playful flirtation; amorous play. [from 14th c.]
baguenaudage glandouillage perte de temps
A wasting of time in idleness or trifles. [from 16th c.]

dally /ˈdæli/ v
lambiner lanterner procrastiner traîner
To waste time in trivial activities, or in idleness; to trifle.
flirter
(ambitransitive) To caress, especially of a sexual nature; to fondle or pet
lambiner lanterner
To delay unnecessarily; to while away.

dalmatic /dalˈmatɪk/ dalmatics n
dalmatique
A long wide-sleeved tunic, which serves as a liturgical vestment in the Roman Catholic and Anglican Churches and is worn by a deacon at the Eucharist or Mass and, although infrequently, by bishops as an undergarment above the alb.

dam /dæm/ dams n
barrage
A structure placed across a flowing body of water to stop the flow or part of the flow, generally for purposes such as retaining or diverting some of the water or retarding the release of accumulated water to avoid abrupt flooding.

dam failure dam failures n
rupture de barrage

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ damages n
dégât dommage
Injury or harm; the condition or measure of something not being intact.
dommage dégât
(slang) Cost or expense.

damage /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/ v
endommager abîmer
(transitive) To impair the soundness, goodness, or value of; to harm or cause destruction.

damages /ˈdæmɪd͡ʒɪz/ n
dommages-intérêts
(legal) The money paid or awarded to a claimant (in England), a pursuer (in Scotland) or a plaintiff (in the US) in a civil action as compensation for a loss suffered by the same.

damascene adj
damasquin
inlaid with silver or gold
Of or from Damascus

damascene v
damasquiner
(transitive) To decorate (metalwork) with a peculiar marking or water produced in the process of manufacture, or with designs produced by inlaying or encrusting with another metal, such as silver or gold, or by etching, etc.; to damask.

damask /ˈdæm.əsk/ more damask most damask adj
lie-de-vin
Of a grayish-pink color, like that of the damask rose.

damask /ˈdæm.əsk/ damasks n
damas
An ornate silk fabric originating from Damascus.
lie-de-vin
A grayish-pink color, like that of the damask rose.

damma damma dammas n
damma
(linguistics) In the Arabic script, the vowel point for u, appearing as a small curl placed above a letter ( ⁧ـُ⁩ ) and designating a short u /u/. If the Arabic letter و immediately follows, it indicates a long ū /uː/.

dammit /ˈdæmət/ /ˈdæmɪt/ interjection
merde
(mildly, vulgar) Expressing anger, irritation, contempt, or disappointment.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] adj
foutu putain
(mildly, _, profane) Generic intensifier. Fucking; bloody.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] adv
putain
(mildly, _, profane) Very; extremely.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] interjection
mince zut purée
(mildly, _, profane) Used to express anger, irritation, disappointment, annoyance, contempt or surprise, etc. See also dammit.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] damns n
merde putain
The word "damn" employed as a curse.

damn /dæm/ [deəm] [dɛəm] [dɛːm] v
condamner damner
To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment.
damner réprouver
To condemn as unfit, harmful, invalid, immoral or illegal.

damn it interjection
bon sang bordel diable putain sacrebleu
An expression of surprise, outrage, or frustration.

damnation /dæmˈneɪʃən/ damnations n
damnation
(religion) Condemnation to everlasting punishment in the future state, or the punishment itself.

damned /dæmd/ damneder damnedest more damned most damned adj
maudit condamné foutu
Godforsaken.

damned if one does and damned if one doesn't adj
[[c']]est un choix cornélien quoi que je fasse, ce [[n']]est jamais bon
(idiomatic) Of a situation where either choice results in a negative outcome.

damning /ˈdæmɪŋ/ more damning most damning adj
accablant
Condemning.

damp /dæmp/ damper dampest adj
humide mouillé moite
In a state between dry and wet; moderately wet; moist.

damp /dæmp/ damps n
humidité
Moisture; humidity; dampness.
grisou
(mining, archaic, or, historical) A gaseous product, formed in coal mines, old wells, pits, etc.

damp /dæmp/ v
amortir
(transitive) To suppress vibrations (mechanical) or oscillations (electrical) by converting energy to heat (or some other form of energy).

damp squib damp squibs n
pétard mouillé
(literally) A firework that has been wet and therefore fails to go off correctly.
(idiomatic, by extension) Anything that doesn’t work properly, or fails to come up to expectations; a dud.

damped more damped most damped adj
amorti amortie
(of an extinguished fire) stopped from smouldering and reigniting by the application of water
(physics, of a linear dynamic system) Possessing a nonzero damping ratio.

dampen /ˈdæmpən/ v
humecter humidifier mouiller
(transitive) To make damp or moist; to make moderately wet.
déprécier rabaisser
(transitive) To lessen; to dull; to make less intense (said of emotions and non-physical things).
s'humecter s'humidifier
(intransitive) To become damped or deadened.

damping dampings n
amortissement
(mechanics) The reduction in the magnitude of oscillations by the dissipation of energy
(mechanics) The stabilization of a physical system by reducing oscillation

dampness dampnesses n
moiteur
Moderate humidity; moisture; moistness; the state or quality of being damp.

damsel /ˈdæm.zəl/ [ˈdɛəm.zɫ̩] [ˈdɛːm.zɫ̩] damsels n
demoiselle jeune femme jeune fille
A girl; a maiden (without sexual experience).

damsel in distress /ˈdæm.zəl ɪn dɪˈstɹɛs/ damsels in distress n
demoiselle en détresse
A young woman perceived as being helpless in a dangerous situation and requiring rescue.

damselfly /ˈdæmzəlflaɪ/ damselflies n
demoiselle
Any of various insects of the suborder Zygoptera that have long slender bodies, and are similar to dragonflies but having wings folded when at rest.

damson /ˈdæmzən/ damsons n
quetsche crèque créquier pruneau prunier de Damas prunéolier
The edible fruit of this tree.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deənts] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛənts] [ɖɑːns] dances n
danse
A sequence of rhythmic steps or movements usually performed to music, for pleasure or as a form of social interaction.

dance /dæn(t)s/ /dɑːns/ [dans] [deənts] [däns] [däːns] [dæns] [dæːns] [dɐːns] [dɑːns] [dɛənts] [ɖɑːns] v
danser
(intransitive) To move with rhythmic steps or movements, especially in time to music.

dance card /ˈdæns ˌkɑɹd/ /ˈdɑːns kɑːd/ dance cards n
carnet de bal
(dance, dated) A card on which a person (usually a woman) lists those they have agreed to dance with. [from late 19th c.]

dance floor dance floors n
piste de danse
A large floor, usually made of hardwood, used primarily for dancing.

dance music n
musique entraînante
Music composed to accompany social dancing.

dance pole dance poles n
barre de pole dance
The pole around which a pole dance is performed.

dance step dance steps n
pas de danse

dancehall dancehalls n
salle de danse
(countable) A public hall for dancing.

dancer /ˈdæns.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈdæns.ɚ/ /ˈdɑːns.ə(ɹ)/ dancers n
danseur danseuse
A person who dances, usually as a hobby, an occupation, or a profession.

dancetté adj
vivré
(heraldry) Deeply indented; having large teeth.

dandelion /ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/ /ˈdæn.dɪˌlaɪ.ən/ dandelions n
pissenlit dent-de-lion baraban
(countable) Any of the several species of plant in the genus Taraxacum, characterised by yellow flower heads and notched, broad-ended leaves, especially the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale).

dander /ˈdændə(ɹ)/ danders n
squame
Hair follicles and dead skin shed from mammals.
fixette
(slang) Passion, temper, anger. Usually preceded by "have" or "get" and followed by "up".

dandle /ˈdændəl/ [ˈdændəɫ] dandles n
dodeliner se trémousser
(Rhode Island) A teeter-totter or seesaw.

dandruff /ˈdændɹʊf/ /ˈdændɹʌf/ dandruffs n
pellicules pellicule
scaly white dead skin flakes from the human scalp; Pityriasis capitis

dandy /ˈdæn.di/ dandier dandiest adj
très bien
Very good; better than expected but not as good as could be.

dandy /ˈdæn.di/ dandies n
dandy
A man very concerned about his physical appearance, refined language, and leisurely hobbies, pursued with the appearance of nonchalance in a cult of self.

dandy-horse dandy-horses n
draisienne
(UK, historical) A two-wheeled foot-propelled vehicle with no pedals or brakes; a draisienne.

danger /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ dangers n
danger péril
Exposure to likely harm; peril.
danger
An instance or cause of likely harm.

danger in delay n
péril en la demeure

danger pay n
prime de risque
Extra payment given to anybody, civilian or soldier, who is employed in a situation where the working conditions or locale are considered to be hazardous.

dangerous /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚs/ /ˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒ(ə)ɹəs/ /ˈdeɪnʒɹəs/ more dangerous most dangerous adj
dangereux périlleux périculeux
Full of danger.
dangereux
Causing danger; ready to do harm or injury.

dangerously more dangerously most dangerously adv
dangereusement
In a dangerous manner.

dangerousness n
dangerosité
The state or quality of being dangerous.

dangle /ˈdæŋ.ɡl̩/ v
pendre pendouiller
(intransitive) To hang loosely with the ability to swing.
(transitive) To hang or trail something loosely.

danish /ˈdeɪ.nɪʃ/ danishes n
danoise feuilleté
Danish pastry, light sweet yeast-raised roll usually filled with fruit or cheese.

dank /deɪŋk/ /dæŋk/ danker dankest adj
fort
(figuratively, of marijuana) Moist and sticky, (by extension) highly potent.

danse macabre /dɑns məˈkɑb(ɹə)/ danses macabres n
danse macabre
(arts) A conventional subject in art, literature and drama, or a particular work in that style, in which death (in the form of a putrid corpse, skeleton, the Grim Reaper, etc) is shown leading people to the grave.

danseuse danseuses n
danseuse

danta dantas n
kotibé
A deciduous timber-yielding tree native to West and West Central Tropical Africa, Nesogordonia papaverifera.

daphne daphnes n
garou
Any one of least 50 species of shrub in the genus Daphne of the family Thymelaeaceae, some of which are grown as ornamentals.

daphnia /ˈdæfnɪə/ daphnias n
daphnie puce d'eau
A water flea of the genus Daphnia.

dapper /ˈdæpə(ɹ)/ dapperer dapperest adj
fringant sémillant
Neat, trim.
chic
Stylishly dressed, neatly dressed, spiffy.

dapple [ˈdæpəɫ] more dapple most dapple adj
tacheté taché
Having a mottled or spotted skin or coat, dappled.

dare /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ /dɛə(ɹ)/ dares n
défi
A challenge to prove courage.

dare /dɛ(ə)ɹ/ /dɛə(ɹ)/ v
oser
(intransitive) To have enough courage (to do something).
défier
(transitive) To defy or challenge (someone to do something)
oser affronter
(transitive) To have enough courage to meet or do something, go somewhere, etc.; to face up to

daredevil /ˈdɛədɛvəl/ [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ] more daredevil most daredevil adj
casse-cou
Recklessly bold; adventurous. [from 1832]

daredevil /ˈdɛədɛvəl/ [ˈdɛədɛvəɫ] daredevils n
casse-cou
A person who engages in very risky behavior, especially one who is motivated by a craving for excitement or attention. [from 1794]

daric darics n
darique
A gold coin from Persian Empire, introduced by Darius the Great (522-486 BC) and used until Alexander the Great's invasion (330 BC).

daring /ˈdɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɹɪŋ/ more daring most daring adj
audacieux hardi osé
Adventurous, willing to take on or look for risks; overbold.
audacieux courageux
Courageous or showing bravery; doughty.
osé
Racy; sexually provocative.

daring /ˈdɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɛɹɪŋ/ darings n
hardiesse audace
Boldness.

dariole darioles n
dariole
(desserts) A dessert consisting of puff pastry filled with almond cream, baked in an oven.
(cooking) A mould, in the shape of a truncated cone (frustum of a cone), in which the dessert is cooked.

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darker darkest adj
sombre obscur
Having an absolute or (more often) relative lack of light.
Without moral or spiritual light; sinister, malevolent, malign.
foncé obscur sombre
(of colour) Dull or deeper in hue; not bright or light.
obscur sombre
Marked by or conducted with secrecy: hidden, secret; clandestine, surreptitious.

dark /dɑɹk/ /dɑːk/ darks n
noir obscurité
A complete or (more often) partial absence of light.
tombée de la nuit
(uncountable) Nightfall.

dark blue dark blues n
bleu foncé
A deep, dim blue colour: navy or similar.

dark chocolate dark chocolates n
chocolat noir
(countable) A serving or a variety of this chocolate.

dark energy n
énergie noire énergie sombre
(astronomy, astrophysics) A hypothetical form of energy which, it is supposed, is spread uniformly throughout space (and time) and has anti-gravitational properties: it represents a possible mechanism for the cosmological constant, and thus is one of the possible explanations for the current accelerating rate of expansion of the universe; and it is estimated to account for about 74% of the mass-energy of the universe.

dark horse dark horses n
outsider
(idiomatic, politics) A candidate for an election who is nominated unexpectedly, without previously having been discussed or considered as a likely choice.

dark matter n
matière noire matière sombre
(astronomy, astrophysics, broadly) Matter which cannot be detected by its radiation but whose presence is inferred from gravitational effects.

dark side of the Force n
côté obscur côté obscur de la force

dark tourism n
tourisme noir

dark-eyed junco dark-eyed juncos n
junco ardoisé
Junco hyemalis, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

dark-skinned more dark-skinned most dark-skinned adj
basané bronzé
Having a relatively dark skin.

darken /ˈdɑɹkən/ /ˈdɑːkən/ v
obscurcir assombrir
(transitive) To make dark or darker by reducing light.
assombrir obscurcir
(intransitive) To become dark or darker (having less light).
foncer
(transitive) To make dark or darker in colour.
(intransitive) To become dark or darker in colour.

darkly /ˈdɑɹkli/ /ˈdɑːkli/ darklier darkliest more darkly most darkly adv
obscurément sombrement
With a dark appearance
mystérieusement
(figuratively) In a manner which produces an inward conviction of future misfortune; ominously

darkness /ˈdɑɹknɪs/ /ˈdɑːknəs/ darknesses n
obscurité ténèbres noirceur sombreur
(uncountable) The state of being dark; lack of light; the absolute or comparative absence of light.
noirceur sombreur
(uncountable) The state or quality of reflecting little light, of tending to a blackish or brownish color.
(uncountable) Gloom; gloominess; depression.

darknet darknets n
darknet
(internet) A network of computers that can only be accessed using special software, configuration, or authorization, usually characterized by the anonymization of users, participating hosts, or both.

darkroom darkrooms n
chambre noire
(photography) A dark room, where photographs are developed.
darkroom backroom
A darkened room where sexual activity can take place, especially one in a gay club.

darkside /ˈdɑɹkˌsaɪd/ /ˈdɑːk.saɪd/ darksides n
face cachée
(countable) The side of something that is in darkness or unlit, or has less illumination.
côté sombre
(countable, figuratively) The side of something that is metaphorically dark, i.e. evil, distressing or otherwise undesirable; the negative aspect of something.

darkwave n
dark wave
(music genre) A musical movement that originated in the late 1970s, combining elements of new wave and gothic rock with dark, thoughtful lyrics and an undertone of sorrow.

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlinger darlingest adj
chéri chérie
Dear; cherished.

darling /ˈdɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈdɑːlɪŋ/ darlings n
chéri chérie
A person who is dear to one.

darmstadtium /dɑːɹmˈʃtɑːtiəm/ n
darmstadtium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Ds) with atomic number 110.

darn /daːn/ /dɑɹn/ /dɑːn/ v
repriser
(transitive, sewing) To repair by stitching with thread or yarn, particularly by using a needle to construct a weave across a damaged area of fabric.

darnel /ˈdɑːnəɫ/ darnels n
ivraie enivrante
A species of ryegrass, Lolium temulentum, often found in wheat fields and often host to a fungus intoxicating to humans and animals.

darning egg darning eggs n
œuf à repriser
An egg-shaped ovoid of stone, porcelain, wood, or similar hard material, which is inserted into the toe or heel of a sock to hold it in the proper shape and provide a firm foundation for repairs.

dart /dɑɹt/ /dɑːt/ [daɹt̚] [daɹɾ̥] darts n
dard flèche trait
Any sharp-pointed missile weapon, such as an arrow.
fléchettes fléchette
A small object with a pointed tip at one end and feathers at the other, which is thrown at a target in the game of darts.
pli piqué
(sewing) A fold that is stitched on a garment.

dartboard /ˈdɑɹtbɔːɹd/ /ˈdɑːtbɔːd/ dartboards n
cible
A board used as a target for throwing darts.

darts /ˈdɑːts/ n
fléchettes
(games, sports) A game or sport in which darts are thrown at a board, and points are scored depending on where the darts land

dasein /dɑ.zaɪn/ /dɑː.zʌɪn/ n
dasein
(philosophy) Being; especially the nature of being; existence, presence, hereness, suchness, essence

dash /dæʃ/ dashes n
tiret
(typography) Any of the following symbols: ‒ (figure dash), – (en dash), — (em dash), or ― (horizontal bar).
ta trait
(by extension) The longer of the two symbols of Morse code.
sprint
A short run, flight.
soupçon
A small quantity of a liquid substance etc.; less than 1/8 of a teaspoon.

dash /dæʃ/ v
bondir se précipiter se ruer sprinter
(intransitive) To run quickly or for a short distance.
se barrer se tirer
(intransitive, informal) To leave or depart.
balancer jeter
(transitive, dated) To mix, reduce, or adulterate, by throwing in something of an inferior quality.
doucher
(transitive, of hopes or dreams) To ruin; to destroy.
bâcler
(transitive, usually with down or off) To complete hastily.

dashboard /ˈdæʃˌboəɹd/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔː(ɹ)d/ /ˈdæʃˌbɔːɹd/ dashboards n
tableau de bord
(historical) An upturned screen of wood or leather placed on the front of a horse-drawn carriage, sleigh or other vehicle that protected the driver from mud, debris, water and snow thrown up by the horse's hooves.
(GUI, video games) A graphical user interface in the form of or resembling a motor car dashboard.

dashcam /ˈdæʃˌkæm/ dashcams n
caméra-témoin de circulation dashcam
(automotive) A digital video recorder mounted on the dashboard of a vehicle or elsewhere inside the vehicle to record occurrences in the vicinity, such as traffic accidents that the vehicle has been involved in, to provide evidence for criminal prosecutions, insurance claims, etc.

dashing /ˈdæʃɪŋ(ɡ)/ more dashing most dashing adj
fringant
Spirited, audacious and full of high spirits.

dashpot dashpots n
piston
A mechanical damping device consisting of a piston that moves through a viscous fluid (usually oil); used, in conjunction with a spring, in shock absorbers.

dassie /ˈdæs.i/ /ˈdɑs.i/ dassies n
daman
A small, herbivorous mammal in the order Hyracoidea, the rock hyrax.

data /ˈdeɪ.tə/ /ˈdæt.ə/ /ˈdɐːtə/ /ˈdɑːtə/ [ˈdeɪ.ɾə] [ˈdäːɾə] [ˈdæɾ.ə] n
données
(collectively, uncountable) Information, especially in a scientific or computational context, or with the implication that it is organized.

data centre data centres n
centre de données datacenter

data entry n
saisie des données
(computing) The act of inputting data into a computer, such as by typing out handwriting, capturing data from scanned documents, taking responses from telephone interviews, etc.

data journalism n
journalisme de données

data leak data leaks n
fuite de données

data mining n
exploration de données forage de données fouille de données orpaillage prospection de données
(database) A technique for searching large-scale databases for patterns; used mainly to find previously unknown correlations between variables that may be commercially useful.

data model data models n
modèle de données
(databases) A result of applying a data modeling to some particular application, using a database model such as relational.

data processing n
traitement de données
Any of many techniques in which data is retrieved, stored, classified, manipulated, transmitted and/or reported in such a way as to generate information; especially such processing using computers.

data quality data qualities n
qualité des données

data science n
science des données
(science) An interdisciplinary field about scientific methods, processes and systems to extract knowledge or insights from data.

data set data sets n
jeu de données
(computing) A file of related records on a computer-readable medium such as disk, especially one on a mainframe computer.
ensemble de données jeu de données
(statistics) A set of data to be analyzed.

data stream data streams n
flux de données
(computing) a sequence of digitally encoded coherent signals used in a transmission

data structure data structures n
structure de donnée
(computer science) Any form of storing and organizing data in a computer so that it can be accessed efficiently.

data type data types n
type type de données
(programming) A classification or category of various types of data, that states the possible values that can be taken, how they are stored, and what range of operations are allowed on them.

data warehouse data warehouses n
entrepôt de données
(computing) A collection of data, from a variety of sources, organized to provide useful guidance to an organization's decision-makers.

database /ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdætəˌbeɪs/ /ˈdæːtəˌbeːs/ /ˈdɑːtəˌbeɪs/ databases n
base de données
(general) A collection of (usually) organized information in a regular structure, usually but not necessarily in a machine-readable format accessible by a computer.
base de données database
(computing, loosely, metonymically) A software program (application) for storing, retrieving and manipulating such a structured data set.

database administrator database administrators n
DBA administrateur de bases de données
(databases) A person who is responsible for the logical and physical design of databases, and normally for all aspects of their recoverability, integrity, security, availability and performance.

datathon datathons n
datathon
(informal, programming) A kind of hackathon focusing on the use of large data sets.

date /deɪt/ dates n
datte
The fruit of the date palm, Phoenix dactylifera, somewhat in the shape of an olive, containing a soft, sweet pulp and enclosing a hard kernel.
date
The addition to a writing, inscription, coin, etc., which specifies the time (especially the day, month, and year) when the writing or inscription was given, executed, or made.
A point in time.
date cavalier
A specific day in time at which a transaction or event takes place, or is appointed to take place; a given point of time.
rendez-vous réunion rencard
A pre-arranged meeting.
rendez-vous rencard rendez-vous d'amour
A romantic meeting or outing with a lover or potential lover, or the person so met.

date /deɪt/ v
dater
(transitive) To note the time or place of writing or executing; to express in an instrument the time of its execution.
(transitive) To determine the age of something.
vieillir
(ambitransitive) To make or become old, especially in such a way as to fall out of fashion, become less appealing or attractive, etc.

date of birth dates of birth dates of births n
date de naissance
The date and year on which something or someone was born.

date palm date palms n
dattier
A palm tree, Phoenix dactylifera, whose fruit is the date.

date with destiny dates with destiny n
rendez-vous avec le destin
(idiomatic) An inevitable future event or anticipated occurrence, especially in the form of an encounter which is likely to be momentous.

dateable more dateable most dateable adj
datable
That may be ascribed a date or age.

dated /ˈdeɪtɪd/ more dated most dated adj
daté démodé vieilli
Marked with a date.
anachronique
Anachronistic; being obviously inappropriate for its present context.
démodé
No longer fashionable.
démodé vieilli
(obsolete) Alotted a span of days.

dating /ˈdeɪt.ɪŋ/ datings n
datation
An estimation of the age of an artifact, biological vestige, linguistic usage, etc.

dating agency dating agencies n
agence de rencontres agence matrimoniale
A business providing a service allowing people to meet each other for romantic outings.

dation in payment dations in payment n
dation en paiement
(legal) The agreed discharge of a debt by giving something differing in character from that of the original debt

datiscin datiscins n
datiscine

dative /ˈdeɪtɪv/ adj
datif
(grammar) Noting the case of a noun which expresses the remoter or indirect object, generally indicated in English by to or for with the objective.

dative case dative cases n
datif C.O.I. complément d'objet indirect quatrième déclinaison troisième déclinaison
(grammar) Case used to express direction towards an indirect object, the recipient or beneficiary of an action, and is generally indicated in English by to (when a recipient) or for (when a beneficiary) with the objective case. The direct object may be either stated or unstated where the indirect object is the beneficiary of the verbal action, but is stated where the indirect object is a recipient. If there is emphasis on the indirect object, the indirect object usually precedes the direct object and is not usually indicated with to or for; said structure is also used when neither object is being emphasized.

datolite datolites n
datolite
(mineral) A borosilicate of lime commonly occurring in glassy, greenish crystals, with the chemical formula CaBSiO4(OH).

datum /ˈdeɪtəm/ /ˈdætəm/ /ˈdɑːtəm/ data datums n
donnée
(cartography, surveying, engineering) A fixed reference point or set of reference points which precisely define a system of measurement or a coordinate system.

datura daturas n
datura
A plant of the genus Datura, known for its trumpet-shaped flowers and poisonous properties. [from 16th c.]

daub /dɑb/ /dɔb/ /dɔːb/ daubs n
torchis
A soft coating of mud, plaster, etc.
croûte
A crude or amateurish painting.

daub /dɑb/ /dɔb/ /dɔːb/ v
barbouiller
(intransitive, transitive) To apply (something) to a surface in hasty or crude strokes.

dauber /ˈdɔːbə(ɹ)/ daubers n
barbouilleur
(derogatory) One who, or that which, daubs; especially, a coarse, unskillful painter.

daughter /ˈdoːtɐ/ /ˈdɑ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.tɚ/ /ˈdɔ.t̬ɚ/ /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈdɑ.ɾɚ] [ˈdɔ.ɾɚ] daughters daughtren n
fille
One’s female offspring.

daughter language daughter languages n
langue fille
(linguistics) A language which genetically descends from an earlier parent language.

daughter-in-law /ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)ɪnˌlɔː/ daughter-in-laws daughters-in-law n
belle-fille bru
The wife of one's child.

daughterling daughterlings n
fifille fillette
(diminutive, affectionate) A daughter, especially a young or precious one.

daunt /dɑnt/ /dɑːnt/ /dɔnt/ /dɔːnt/ v
décourager démonter intimider
(transitive) To discourage, intimidate.

daunting /ˈdɔntɪŋ/ /ˈdɔːntɪŋ/ more daunting most daunting adj
décourageant intimidant
Discouraging; inspiring fear.
colossal monumental titanesque
Intimidatingly impressive; awe-inspiring, overwhelming.

dauntless /ˈdɔːntləs/ more dauntless most dauntless adj
indomptable
Invulnerable to fear or intimidation.

dauphin /doʊˈfæ̃/ /ˈdɔ.fən/ /ˈdɔ.fɪn/ /ˈdɔː.fɪn/ /ˈdəʊ.fæ̃/ dauphins n
dauphin
The eldest son of the king of France. Under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, the Dauphin of France, generally shortened to Dauphin, was heir apparent to the throne of France. The title derived from the main title of the Dauphin, Dauphin of Viennois.

dauphinate dauphinates n
dauphinat

dauphine dauphines n
dauphine

davit /ˈdeɪvɪt/ /ˈdævət/ davits n
bossoir
(nautical, construction) A crane, often working in pairs and usually made of steel, used to lower things over an edge of a long drop off, such as lowering a maintenance trapeze down a building or launching a lifeboat over the side of a ship.

dawdle /ˈdɑd(ə)l/ /ˈdɔd(ə)l/ /ˈdɔːdl̩/ v
lambiner traîner flâner musarder pateter traînailler
To spend time idly and unfruitfully; to waste time. [from mid 17th c. (probably dialectal); in general use from late 18th c.]

dawg /dɑːɡ/ /dɔːɡ/ dawgs n
mec
(chiefly, US, slang) Dude, bud, pal, used to address a close male friend.

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ dawns n
aube aurore
(uncountable) The morning twilight period immediately before sunrise.
(uncountable) The time when the sun rises.
aube aurore lever du soleil
(countable) The rising of the sun.

dawn /doːn/ /dɑn/ /dɔn/ /dɔːn/ v
naître se lever
(intransitive, figurative) To begin to give promise; to begin to appear or to expand.

dawn of time n
nuit des temps

day /deɪ̯/ days n
jour journée
(informal, or, meteorology) A 24-hour period beginning at 6am or sunrise.
A period of time between two set times which mark the beginning and the end of day in a calendar, such as from midnight to the following midnight or (Judaism) from nightfall to the following nightfall.
The part of a day period which one spends at one’s job, school, etc.
A period of contention of a day or less.

day after days after n
lendemain
the next day.

day after day adv
jour après jour
(idiomatic) For an indefinite number of days.

day after tomorrow adv
après-demain
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day after tomorrow n
surlendemain
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day and night adv
jour et nuit
All the time; round the clock; unceasingly.

day before yesterday adv
avant-hier
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day before yesterday n
avant-veille
(This entry is a translation hub.)

day by day more day by day most day by day adv
de jour en jour
gradually

day care center day care centers n
garderie
A nursery for the supervision of preschool children while the parents work. Generally more entertaining and less educational than a preschool, but with longer hours of operation.

day for night n
nuit américaine
(film) A cinematographic technique in which a crew films in a high-contrast situation, typically in the early morning or late afternoon, with a blue filter, causing the scene to look as if it were shot in moonlight.

day game n
drague de rue drague en journée

day in, day out adv
jour après jour
(idiomatic) Every day; daily; constantly or continuously (especially, of something that has become routine or monotonous).

day of reckoning days of reckoning n
jour du Jugement
(religion) The final and eternal judgment by God of all nations; Final Judgment.

day off days off n
jour de congé
A day of vacation; a day when one does not go to work, school, etc.

day shift day shifts n
poste de jour
Regularly scheduled work during daylight hours, especially 8AM to 4PM.

daybreak /ˈdeɪbɹeɪk/ daybreaks n
point du jour
Dawn.

daycare /ˈdeɪkeə(ɹ)/ daycares n
garderie
Daytime supervision, usually of children.

daycare centre daycare centres n
garderie
A building where children are supervised during the day so that their parents can work.

daydream /ˈdeɪdɹiːm/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹiːm] daydreams n
rêverie
A spontaneous series of thoughts while awake not connected to immediate reality.

daydream /ˈdeɪdɹiːm/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹiːm] v
rêvasser rêver
(intransitive) To have such a series of thoughts; to woolgather.

daydreamer /ˈdeɪdɹimɚ/ /ˈdeɪdɹiːmə/ [ˈdeɪd͡ʒɹimɚ] daydreamers n
rêveur rêveuse jongleur jongleuse rêvasseur rêvasseuse
One who daydreams.

daylight /ˈdeɪlaɪt/ /ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ daylights n
lumière du jour jour
The light from the Sun, as opposed to that from any other source.
jour
The period of time between sunrise and sunset.

daylight robbery /ˌdeɪlaɪt ˈɹɒb(ə)ɹi/ /ˌdeɪˌlaɪt ˈɹɑb(ə)ɹi/ daylight robberies n
arnaque vol manifeste
(uncountable) The practice of cheating or of imposing an exorbitant charge for a product or service; (countable, rare) an instance of this.

daylight saving time daylight saving times n
heure d’été
The practice in some places of adjusting clocks forward in the spring and back in the fall, usually by one hour, so that the adjustment causes the time to coincide with the greatest period of illumination by the sun over the course of the day.

daylily daylilies n
hémérocalle
Any of several perennial plants, of the genus Hemerocallis, that have fleshy roots, grasslike leaves and colourful flowers that bloom for just one day.

daytime /ˈdeɪtaɪm/ daytimes n
jour journée
The time of daylight; the time between sunrise and sunset.

daze /deɪz/ dazes n
stupéfaction
The state of being dazed

daze /deɪz/ v
étourdir abasourdir
(transitive) To stun or stupefy, for example with bright light, with a blow, with cold, or with fear

dazed /deɪzd/ more dazed most dazed adj
abasourdi
In a state of shock or confusion.

dazibao /dɑːdzəˈbaʊ/ dazibao dazibaos n
dazibao
A wall-mounted newspaper or similar, used as a form of protest, propaganda, and popular communication in China.

dazzle /ˈdæzəl/ v
éblouir
(transitive) To confuse the sight of by means of excessive brightness.
(transitive, figuratively) To render incapable of thinking clearly; to overwhelm with showiness or brilliance.

de Lesseps de Lesseps de Lessepses pn
de Lesseps

de facto /dəˈfæktoʊ/ /dɪˈfæktəʊ/ /ˌdeɪˈfæktoʊ/ /ˌdeɪˈfæktəʊ/ /ˌdiˈfæktoʊ/ /ˌdiːˈfæktəʊ/ adj
de facto de fait
In fact or in practice; in actual use or existence, regardless of official or legal status. (Often opposed to de jure.)

de jure /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹeɪ/ /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɪ/ /deɪ ˈd͡ʒʊɹi/ /diː ˈd͡ʒʊəɹi/ /dɪ ˈd͡ʒʊəɹi/ adj
de jure de droit
Legal; justified by right or law, especially when in name only.

de rigueur /də ɹɪˈɡɜː(ɹ)/ /də ɹɪˈɡɝ/ adj
de rigueur
Necessary according to etiquette, protocol or fashion.

de- /diː/ /də/ /dɪ/ prefix
dé-
reversal, undoing

de-escalation /diːˌɛskəˈleɪʃən/ de-escalations n
désescalade
A decrease in scope, extension or severity.

de-ice /diːˈaɪs/ v
déglacer
(transitive) To remove ice, as from the wings of an airplane.

deacetylation deacetylations n
désacétylation
(organic chemistry) Any reaction that removes one or more acetyl groups from a molecule

deacon /ˈdiːkən/ deacons n
diacre
(Christianity) A designated minister of charity in the early Church (see Acts 6:1-6).
(Orthodoxy, Catholicism) A clergyman ranked directly below a priest, with duties of helping the priests and carrying out parish work.
diacre diaconesse
(Protestantism) Free Churches: A lay leader of a congregation who assists the pastor.

deaconess /ˌdiːkəˈnɛs/ deaconesses n
diaconesse
A female deacon (Anglican).

deactivatable adj
désactivable

deactivate /ˌdiːˈæktɪveɪt/ v
désactiver
(ergative) to make something inactive or no longer effective

dead /diːd/ /dɛd/ deader deadest adj
mort
(hyperbole) Figuratively, not alive; lacking life.
(not comparable) No longer used or required.
(rare, especially, religion, often with "to") Indifferent to; having no obligation toward; no longer subject to or ruled by (sin, guilt, pleasure, etc).

dead /diːd/ /dɛd/ n
cœur milieu profondeurs
(often with "the") Time when coldness, darkness, or stillness is most intense.

dead and buried adj
mort et enterré
(idiomatic) Of an issue, moot, passed, irrelevant, forgotten.

dead as a dodo adj
aussi mort qu'un dodo
(simile) Undoubtedly and unquestionably dead.

dead as a doornail adj
mort et bien mort
(simile) Unquestionably dead. Used for both inanimate objects and once living beings.

dead donkey dead donkeys n
chiens écrasés
(journalism) A news item of no real significance, usually of whimsical or sentimental nature, placed at the end of a news bulletin or in a newspaper as filler. A dead donkey can often be removed from the programme or publication if a more significant story needs extra time or space.

dead drop dead drops n
boite aux lettres morte
(espionage) A location used to secretly pass items between two people, without requiring them to meet.

dead duck dead ducks n
être fait comme un rat
(idiomatic) One who is in serious danger or trouble.
(idiomatic) A project that is doomed to failure from the start.

dead end dead ends n
impasse cul-de-sac voie sans issue
(idiomatic) A street or path or tunnel that goes nowhere or is blocked on one end.
impasse voie de garage voie sans issue
A position that offers no hope of change or progress.

dead fish dead fish dead fishes n
étoile de mer
(slang) A sexual partner who lies flat and unresponsive during sex.

dead freight n
faux fret
A sum of money paid by a person who charters a whole vessel but fails to make out a full cargo. The payment is made for the unoccupied capacity.

dead in the water adj
erre
(nautical) Stationary with respect to the current, having no means of propulsion.

dead key dead keys n
touche morte
A special modifier key on a typewriter or computer keyboard, typically used to attach a specific diacritic to another character.

dead language dead languages n
langue morte langue ancienne
A language which no longer has any native speakers.

dead letter dead letters n
n'habite pas à l'adresse indiquée
An item of mail that cannot be delivered to its intended recipient; after some time it is returned to the sender, or destroyed.

dead link dead links n
lien mort
(Internet) An HTML hypertext link that points to a webpage or website that is permanently unavailable.

dead man's handle dead man's handles n
VACMA homme-mort
(rail) A lever used as a safety device, typically on trains, which shuts off power if the operator releases their grip.

dead man's switch dead man's switches n
homme-mort
A switch that automatically stops a machine or vehicle after a set period of inactivity from the operator.

dead meat n
être fait comme un rat être un homme mort
(slang, idiomatic) Someone in danger of being killed or severely punished.

dead men tell no tales /dɛd mɛn tɛl nəʊ teɪlz/ proverb
les morts ne parlent pas
A dead person can no longer reveal information, especially information which others wish to keep secret.

dead or alive adj
mort ou vif
Either dead or alive.
Used to indicate someone is being sought for some kind of punishment or reprimand, and that (s)he may be killed in the process of finding, as if this was reasonable punishment.

dead reckoning dead reckonings n
navigation à l'estime
A method of estimating the position of a ship or aircraft by applying estimates of the distance and direction travelled from a previously known position. In respect to ships/boats, it excludes the effect of wind and current on the vessel. Compare with estimated position. Abbreviation: DR

dead ringer dead ringers n
portrait craché
(idiomatic) Someone or something that very closely resembles another; someone or something easily mistaken for another.

dead sleep dead sleeps n
premier somme
The first sleep of the night in a biphasic sleep pattern, before the watch.

dead soldier dead soldiers n
cadavre
(idiom, slang) An empty container, usually a bottle or can which contained an alcoholic beverage.

dead weight dead weights n
boulet poids mort
(figuratively) That which is useless or excess; that which slows something down.
poids mort
(rail) The total (unpowered) weight of a train to be propelled (or hauled) by the locomotive; another locomotive being hauled dead as part of the train is a dead weight.

dead-end /dɛdˈɛnd/ /ˈdɛdɛnd/ more dead-end most dead-end adj
sans issue
Going nowhere; blocked.

deaden /ˈdɛdən/ v
endormir
(transitive) To render less lively; to diminish; to muffle.
assourdir isoler
(transitive) To make soundproof.

deadfall /ˈdɛdfɑl/ /ˈdɛdfɔːl/ deadfalls n
chablis
(countable, specifically) A fallen tree.
piège assommoir
(countable, Canada, US, hunting) A kind of trap for animals, consisting of a heavy board or log that falls on to the prey.

deadlift deadlifts n
soulevé de terre
(weightlifting) A weight training exercise where one lifts a loaded barbell off the ground from a stabilized bent-over position.

deadline /ˈdɛdˌlaɪn/ deadlines n
date limite échéance date butoir
A time limit in the form of a date on or before which something must be completed.

deadlock /ˈdɛdlɑk/ /ˈdɛdlɒk/ deadlocks n
impasse
A standstill resulting from the opposition of two evenly matched forces; a stalemate or impasse.
interblocage étreinte fatale
(computing) An inability to continue due to two programs or devices each requiring a response from the other before completing an operation.

deadly /ˈdɛd.li/ deadlier deadliest more deadly most deadly adj
mortel létal fatal
Causing death; lethal.
mortel
(informal) Very boring.

deadly nightshade deadly nightshades n
belladone
The plant Atropa belladonna, a perennial shrub of the nightshade family that contains high concentrations of the alkaloid atropine which can be deadly if taken in excess.

deadly sin deadly sins n
péché capital
Any of the seven deadly sins: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

deadname deadnames n
deadname morinom
(neologism, especially, LGBTQ) A previous name of a person (especially a transgender person) who has since changed their name.

deadname v
deadnamer morinommer
To refer to someone (especially a transgender person) who has changed names by a previous name.

deadnettle /ˈdɛdnɛtəl/ deadnettles n
lamier
Any plant of a species in genus Lamium, which closely resembles the nettle, but does not possess stinging hairs.

deadpan /ˈdɛdpæn/ more deadpan most deadpan adj
pince-sans-rire
Deliberately impassive or expressionless.

deadpan /ˈdɛdpæn/ n
pince-sans-rire
A style of comedic delivery in which something humorous is said or done while not exhibiting a change in emotion or facial expression.

deadweight loss deadweight losses n
perte sèche

deadwood /ˈdɛd.wʊd/ deadwoods n
potiche
People or things judged to be superfluous to an organization or project.

deaf /diːf/ /dɛf/ deafer deafest adj
sourd les sourds
Unable to hear, or only partially able to hear.

deaf person deaf people deaf persons n
sourd
(This entry is a translation hub.)

deaf-mute adj
sourd-muet
(now, offensive) Unable to hear or speak.

deaf-mute deaf-mutes n
sourd-muet sourde-muette
(now, offensive) A person who is unable to hear or speak.

deafblind adj
sourd et aveugle
Unable to see and hear.

deafen /ˈdɛfən/ v
assourdir rendre sourd
(transitive) To make deaf, either temporarily or permanently.

deafening /ˈdɛfənɪŋ(ɡ)/ more deafening most deafening adj
assourdissant
Loud enough to cause temporary or permanent hearing loss.

deafening silence deafening silences n
silence assourdissant silence de mort
(idiomatic) A noteworthy silence, or absence of response, especially one signifying disapproval or lack of enthusiasm.

deafness /ˈdɛfnəs/ deafnesses n
surdité
The condition of being deaf; the lack or loss of the ability to hear.

deal /diːl/ deals n
part
(obsolete) A division, a portion, a share, a part, a piece.
donne pli
(card games) The distribution of cards to players; a player's turn for this.
marché
A particular instance of trading (buying or selling; exchanging; bartering); a transaction.
contrat
An agreement between parties; an arrangement.

deal /diːl/ v
distribuer
(ambitransitive) To distribute cards to the players in a game.
agir
(obsolete, intransitive) To take action; to act.
traiter faire face faire le commerce
(intransitive) To handle, to manage, to cope.

deal with v
traiter
(transitive) To handle verbally or in some form of artistic expression; to address or discuss as a subject.
aborder avoir affaire à
(transitive) To take action with respect to (someone or something).
gérer
(transitive) To come to terms with; to overcome any difficulties presented by.

dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ dealerships n
concessionnaire
A place that sells items, especially cars.

deaminase /diːˈæmɪneɪz/ deaminases n
déaminase

dean /diːn/ [diːn] [dĩːn] deans n
doyen
A senior official in a college or university, who may be in charge of a division or faculty (for example, the dean of science) or have some other advisory or disciplinary function (for example, the dean of students).
A dignitary or presiding officer in certain church bodies, especially an ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate to a bishop, in charge of a chapter of canons.
doyen doyenne
The senior member of some group of people.

dear /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ dearer dearest more dear most dear adj
cher aimable
Loved; lovable.
cher
Precious to or greatly valued by someone.
A formal way to start (possibly after my) addressing somebody at the beginning of a letter, memo etc.
A formal way to start (often after my) addressing somebody one likes or regards kindly.

dearness /ˈdɪə(ɹ)nəs/ dearnesses n
cherté
The quality of having great value or price.

dearth /dɜːθ/ /dɝθ/ dearths n
disette
A period or condition when food is rare and hence expensive; famine.
pénurie
(by extension) Scarcity; a lack or short supply.

death /diːθ/ /dɛθ/ deaths n
mort décès l'arcane sans nom
The cessation of life and all associated processes; the end of an organism's existence as an entity independent from its environment and its return to an inert, nonliving state.
mort l'arcane sans nom
Execution (in the judicial sense).
(figuratively, especially followed by of-phrase) A cause of great stress, exhaustion, embarrassment, or another negative condition (for someone).
(preceded by the) The collapse or end of something.
(figurative) Spiritual lifelessness.
mort camarde l'arcane sans nom
(often, capitalized) The personification of death as a (usually male) hooded figure with a scythe; the Grim Reaper.

death adder death adders n
faiseur de mort
Any snake of the genus Acanthophis, a group of highly venomous elapids found in Australia and New Guinea.

death camp death camps n
camp de la mort camp d'extermination
A facility built during the Holocaust by the Nazis to kill especially the Jewish people through gassing.

death certificate death certificates n
acte de décès
A document issued by a medical practitioner, or by a registrar, certifying the date, location and cause of a person's death as later entered in an official register of deaths.

death erection death erections n
érection post mortem érection terminale
A post-mortem priapism observed in the corpses of human males who have been executed, particularly by hanging.

death knell /dɛθ nɛl/ death knells n
glas
The tolling of a bell announcing death.
(by extension) A sign or omen foretelling the death or destruction of something.

death march death marches n
marche de la mort
A forced movement of people, on foot, in such circumstances that many die during the journey.

death mask death masks n
masque funéraire masque mortuaire
A plaster or similar cast of a person's face after death.

death metal n
death metal
(music) A subgenre of heavy metal typically employing moderate to fast tempos, heavily distorted guitars, deep growling vocals, blast beat drumming and complex song structures with multiple tempo changes, often having violent or dark lyrics.

death penalty death penalties n
peine de mort peine capitale punition capitale
(legal) A punishment in which the offender is put to death by the state.

death rate death rates n
taux de mortalité
The number of deaths per given unit of population over a given period of time.

death row death rows n
couloir de la mort
The section of a prison which houses those inmates who are sentenced to death.

death sentence death sentences n
arrêt de mort condamnation à mort sentence de mort
(legal) A decree that someone be put to death as a punishment for a crime; a sentence of execution.

death squad death squads n
escadron de la mort
An armed group that carries out clandestine, extrajudicial killings.

death threat death threats n
menace de mort
A threat to kill another person or a group of people.

death toll death tolls n
bilan nombre de morts
The number of dead as a result of a war, natural disaster or other incident.

death warrant death warrants n
condamnation à mort
An official warrant that authorizes capital punishment.

death wish death wishes n
pulsion de mort
(psychology) A desire, especially subconscious, for the death of oneself or of someone else.

death's-head death's-heads n
tête de mort
A human skull, as symbol of death.

deathbed /ˈdɛθˌbɛd/ deathbeds n
lit de mort
The bed on which someone dies.

deathblow /ˈdɛθbləʊ/ deathblows n
coup coup de grâce fatal
A strike or blow that leads to death, especially a coup de grace.
coup fatal
(figurative) Something that prevents the completion, or ends the existence, of a project etc.; a fatal setback.

deathism n
mortisme
The belief that death is natural, inevitable, or desirable.

deathmatch /ˈdɛθ.mæt͡ʃ/ deathmatches n
combat à mort match à mort
(video games) A competitive mode found in first-person shooter games in which competitors attempt to assassinate one another.

debacle /deɪˈbɑ.kəl/ /deɪˈbɑː.kəl/ /dəˈbɑ.kəl/ /dɛˈbɑː.kəl/ /dɪˈbɑ.kəl/ debacles n
débâcle fiasco
An event or enterprise that ends suddenly and disastrously, often with humiliating consequences. [from early 19th c.]
débâcle
(ecology) A breaking up of a natural dam, usually made of ice, by a river and the ensuing rush of water.

debaptism /diːˈbæptɪzəm/ debaptisms n
débaptisation
A ceremony supposed to cancel a person's earlier baptism.

debarker debarkers n
écorceur

debase /dɪˈbeɪs/ v
abâtardir
(transitive) To lower in character, quality, or value; to degrade.

debasement /dɪˈbeɪsmənt/ debasements n
avilissement
The act of debasing or the state of being debased; a lowering or degradation, especially in character or quality.

debatable [dɪˈbeɪtəbəɫ] more debatable most debatable adj
discutable débattable
Open to debate; not fully proved or confirmed.

debate /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈbeɪt/ debates n
débat
An argument, or discussion, usually in an ordered or formal setting, often with more than two people, generally ending with a vote or other decision.
An informal and spirited but generally civil discussion of opposing views.
discussion débat
(uncountable) Discussion of opposing views.

debate /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈbeɪt/ v
débattre
(ambitransitive, reciprocal) To participate in a debate; to dispute, argue, especially in a public arena. [from 14th c.]

debater /dɪˈbeɪtə(ɹ)/ debaters n
débatteur débatteuse
One who debates or participates in a debate; one who argues.

debauch /dɪˈbɔːt͡ʃ/ debauches n
débauche
An individual act of debauchery.

debauch /dɪˈbɔːt͡ʃ/ v
débaucher
(transitive) To morally corrupt (someone); to seduce.

debauched /dɪˈbɔːtʃt/ more debauched most debauched adj
libertin débauché
Indulging in or characterised by sensual pleasures to a degree perceived to be morally harmful; corrupted; immoral; self-indulgent.

debaucher /dɪˈbɔːtʃə(ɹ)/ debauchers n
débaucheur
Somebody who debauches or corrupts others; a seducer.

debaucherous /dɪˈbɔːtʃəɹəs/ more debaucherous most debaucherous adj
débauché libertin
Excessively indulgent in sensual pleasures.

debauchery /dɪˈboː.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ /dɪˈbɑ.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ /dɪˈbɔː.t͡ʃə.ɹi/ debaucheries n
débauche débaucherie dévergondage
Indulgence in sensual pleasures; scandalous activities involving sex, alcohol, or drugs without inhibition.
(archaic) Seduction from duty.

debenture /dɪˈbɛntjʊə/ /dɪˈbɛntʃə/ debentures n
obligation
débenture
A certificate that certifies an amount of money owed to someone; a certificate of indebtedness.

debilitate /dəˈbɪləteɪt/ /dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/ v
débiliter
(transitive) To make feeble; to weaken.

debility /dɪˈbɪlɪti/ debilities n
débilité fatigue
A state of physical or mental weakness.

debit /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ debits n
débit
In bookkeeping, an entry in the left hand column of an account.

debit /ˈdɛb.ɪt/ v
débiter
To make an entry on the debit side of an account.

debit balance debit balances n
solde débiteur
(accounting) The amount by which debits exceed credits.

debit card debit cards n
carte de débit

debit note debit notes n
note de débit
(accounting) A commercial document issued by a seller in order to adjust upwards the amount of an invoice already issued.

debone /diːˈbəʊn/ v
désosser
(ambitransitive) To remove the bones from.

debrief /diːˈbɹiːf/ v
débriefer
(transitive) To question someone after a military mission in order to obtain information (especially intelligence).

debris /dəˈbɹiː/ /ˈdeɪbɹi/ /ˈdɛbɹi/ n
débris
Rubble, wreckage, scattered remains of something destroyed.
The ruins of a broken-down structure.

debt /dɛt/ debts n
dette
An action, state of mind, or object one has an obligation to perform for another, adopt toward another, or give to another.
The state or condition of owing something to another.
(finance) Money that one person or entity owes or is required to pay to another, generally as a result of a loan or other financial transaction.

debt collection debt collections n
encaissement recouvrement
(law) The process of pursuing payments of debts owed by individuals or businesses.

debt relief n
remise de dette
The partial or total forgiveness of debt.

debt-ridden /ˈdɛt.ɹɪd.n̩/ more debt-ridden most debt-ridden adj
criblé de dettes
Dominated by debt.

debtor /ˈdet.ə/ /ˈdɛt.ə/ /ˈdɛt.ɚ/ debtors n
débiteur débitrice
(economics) A person or firm that owes money; one in debt; one who owes a debt.

debtors' prison debtors' prisons n
prison pour dettes

debug /diːˈbʌɡ/ /ˈdiː.bʌɡ/ v
déboguer
(computer science) To search for and eliminate malfunctioning elements or errors in something, especially a computer program or machinery.
désinsectiser
(US) To remove insects from (somewhere), especially lice.

debugger /diˈbʌɡəɹ/ /diːˈbʊɡə/ /diːˈbʌɡə/ debuggers n
débogueur débugueur
(programming) A computer program that helps the user to test and debug other programs, by enabling their step-by-step execution controlled by the user, setting of breakpoints, and monitoring values of variables.

debugging /diːˈbʌɡɪŋ/ debuggings n
débogage
(computing) The process of finding and resolving bugs or defects that prevent correct operation of computer software or a system.

debunk /diːˈbʊŋk/ /diːˈbʌŋk/ /dɪˈbʌŋk/ /ˌdiːˈbʌŋk/ v
dévoiler jeter l'opprobre sur mettre en pièces réduire à néant se discréditer se déconsidérer
(transitive) To discredit, or expose to ridicule the falsehood or the exaggerated claims of something.

deburr /diːˈbɜː(ɹ)/ v
ébavurer
(transitive) To remove burrs from (a workpiece).

deburring tool deburring tools n
boësse ébarboir
A tool used to deburr metal

debut /-b(j)ɪu̯/ /deɪˈbjuː/ /də-/ /dəˈbjuː/ /dəˈbʉː/ /dɛˈbjuː/ /dɛˈbuː/ /ˈdeɪbjuː/ /ˈdeːbjuː/ /ˈdæɪbjʉː/ /ˈdæɪbʉː/ /ˈdɛbjuː/ debuts n
première début
A performer's first performance to the public, in sport, the arts or some other area.

debut /-b(j)ɪu̯/ /deɪˈbjuː/ /də-/ /dəˈbjuː/ /dəˈbʉː/ /dɛˈbjuː/ /dɛˈbuː/ /ˈdeɪbjuː/ /ˈdeːbjuː/ /ˈdæɪbjʉː/ /ˈdæɪbʉː/ /ˈdɛbjuː/ v
présenter lancer
(transitive, chiefly, US) to formally introduce, as to the public
se lancer débuter
(intransitive) to make one's initial formal appearance

debutant /ˈdeɪbjuːtənt/ /ˈdɛbjuːtənt/ debutants n
débutant
A person (especially a male) who débuts, or appears for the first time.

deca- /dɛkə-/ prefix
déca-

decade /dəˈkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkeɪd/ /ˈdɛkəd/ decades n
décade dizaine
(Roman Catholicism) A series of prayers counted on a rosary, typically consisting of an Our Father, followed by ten Hail Marys, and concluding with a Glory Be and sometimes the Fatima Prayer.
A group, set, or series of ten [from 16th c.], particularly:
Any of the sets of ten sequential braille characters with predictable patterns.
décennie décade dizaine
A period of ten years [from 17th c.], particularly such a period beginning with a year ending in 0 and ending with a year ending in 9. [from 19th c.]

decadence /ˈdɛkədəns/ decadences n
décadence décadentisme
A state of moral or artistic decline or deterioration; decay

decadent /ˈdɛkədənt/ more decadent most decadent adj
décadent
Characterized by moral or cultural decline.

decadent /ˈdɛkədənt/ decadents n
décadent décadente
A person affected by moral decay.

decadentism n
décadentisme
Decadence.

decaf /ˈdiːkæf/ decafs n
déca
(informal) A decaffeinated coffee, tea, or soft drink.

decaffeinated /diːˈkæfiːneɪtəd/ /dɪˈkæfɪneɪtəd/ adj
décaféiné
From which caffeine has been removed (e.g. decaffeinated coffee).

decagon /ˈdɛ.kə.ɡɑn/ /ˈdɛ.kə.ɡən/ decagons n
décagone
(geometry) A polygon with ten sides and ten angles.

decahedron /ˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ decahedra decahedrons n
décaèdre
A polyhedron with ten faces.

decakatal decakatals n
décakatal
(metrology) An SI unit of catalytic activity equal to 101 katals. Symbol: da

decal /dɪˈkæl/ /ˈdiː.kæl/ /ˈdiːkæl/ /ˈdɛkəl/ decals n
autocollant décalque
A design or picture produced in order to be transferred to another surface either permanently or temporarily.

decalcify [diːˈkæɫsɪfaɪ] v
décalcifier
To deprive of calcareous matter.

decalcomania [diːˌkæɫkəˈmeɪnɪə] decalcomanias n
décalcomanie
The process of transferring decorative designs onto surfaces using decals.

decalin decalins n
décaline
(organic compound) decahydronaphthalene

decalitre /ˈdɛkəlɪtə(ɹ)/ decalitres n
décalitre
Ten litres. Symbol: daL

decametre /ˈdɛkəmiːtə(ɹ)/ decametres n
décamètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 101 metres. Symbol: dam

decane decanes n
décane
(chemistry) any of the seventy-five isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having the chemical formula C10H22

decannulate v
décanuler
(medicine) To remove the cannula or cannulae from the atrium or aorta.

decant /dəˈkænt/ v
décanter
(transitive) To pour off (a liquid) gently, so as not to disturb the sediment.
transvaser
(transitive) To pour from one vessel into another.

decantation /ˌdiːkænˈteɪʃən/ decantations n
décantation transvasement
the act of decanting the supernatant liquid from a solid sediment

decanter /dɪˈkæntə(ɹ)/ decanters n
décanteur
A vessel for decanting liquor.

decaoxide /ˌdɛkəˈɒksaɪd/ decaoxides n
décaoxyde

decapitated /dɪˈkæpɪteɪtəd/ adj
décapité décolleté
With the head removed.

decapitation /diˌkæp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌkæp.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˈdi.kæp.əˌteɪ.ʃən/ /ˈdi.kæp.əˌteɪ.ʃɪn/ decapitations n
décapitation
Beheading; the act of beheading or decapitating.

decapod /ˈdɛkəpɒd/ decapods n
décapode
(zoology) Any crustacean, of the order Decapoda, such as crabs or lobsters.

decarbonization /diːkɑːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ decarbonizations n
décarbonation décarbonisation

decarbonize /diːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ v
décarboniser décarboner

decarboxylase /diːkɑːˈbɒksɪleɪz/ decarboxylases n
décarboxylase

decarboxylate /diːkɑːˈbɒksɪleɪt/ v
décarboxyler
(organic chemistry) To remove one or more carboxyl groups from a molecule

decathlete /diːˈkæθliːt/ decathletes n
décathlonien décathlète décathlonienne
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the decathlon.

decathlon /diːˈkæθlɒn/ /dɪˈkæθlɒn/ decathla decathlons n
décathlon
An athletic contest consisting of ten events which includes sprinting, hurdling, jumping, and throwing over a span of two days.

decay /di.ˈkeɪ/ /dɪˈkeɪ/ decays n
déchéance
décrépitude
The process or result of being gradually decomposed; rot, decomposition.

decay /di.ˈkeɪ/ /dɪˈkeɪ/ v
pourrir
(intransitive) To deteriorate, to get worse, to lose strength or health, to decline in quality.
se désintégrer
(intransitive, transitive, physics, chemistry, of an unstable atom) To change by undergoing fission, by emitting radiation, or by capturing or losing one or more electrons; to undergo radioactive decay.

decay chain decay chains n
chaîne de désintégration

decease /dɪˈsiːs/ deceases n
décès
(formal) Death, departure from life.

decease /dɪˈsiːs/ v
mourir décéder expirer trépasser
(now, rare) To die.

deceased /diˈsist/ /diˈsizd/ /dɪˈsist/ /dɪˈsizd/ /dɪˈsiːst/ /dɪˈzizd/ adj
mort décédé
No longer alive; dead.

deceased /diˈsist/ /diˈsizd/ /dɪˈsist/ /dɪˈsizd/ /dɪˈsiːst/ /dɪˈzizd/ deceased deceaseds n
défunt défunts
A dead person.

deceit /dɪˈsiːt/ deceits n
tromperie ruse
An act or practice intended to deceive; a trick.
fraude tromperie
(law) The tort or fraudulent representation of a material fact made with knowledge of its falsity, or recklessly, or without reasonable grounds for believing its truth and with intent to induce reliance on it; the plaintiff justifiably relies on the deception, to his injury.

deceitful /-fl̩/ /dɪˈsiːtfʊl/ more deceitful most deceitful adj
tricheur trompeur
Deliberately misleading or cheating.
trompeur
Deceptive, two-faced.

deceive /dɪˈsiːv/ v
tromper leurrer séduire
(transitive) To trick or mislead.

deceiver /dɪˈsivɚ/ /dɪˈsiːvə(ɹ)/ deceivers n
trompeur trompeuse
A person who lies or deceives.

decelerate /diːˈsɛləɹeɪt/ v
décélérer ralentir
(transitive) To reduce the velocity of something.
(intransitive) To go slower.

deceleration /diːsɛləˈɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌsɛləˈɹeɪʃən/ decelerations n
décélération
(uncountable) The act or process of decelerating.

decemvirate decemvirates n
décemvirat

decency /ˈdiːsənsi/ decencies n
décence
The quality of being decent; propriety.

decent /ˈdiːsənt/ more decent most decent adj
intègre décent
(of a person) Having a suitable conformity to basic moral standards; showing integrity, fairness, or other characteristics associated with moral uprightness.
décent
(informal) Sufficiently clothed or dressed to be seen.
Fair; acceptable; okay.
substantiel décent
Significant; substantial.

decentralization /diːˌsɛntɹəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ decentralizations n
décentralisation
The process of decentralizing

decentralize /diːˈsɛntɹəlaɪz/ v
décentraliser
To cause something to change from being concentrated at one point to being distributed across a number of points.
To reduce the authority of a governing body by distributing that authority among several bodies.

decentralized /diːˈsɛntɹəlaɪzd/ adj
décentralisé
not centralized; having no center or several centers

deception /dɪˈsɛpʃən/ deceptions n
supercherie tromperie
An instance of actions and/or schemes fabricated to mislead someone into believing a lie or inaccuracy.

deceptive /dɪˈsɛp.tɪv/ more deceptive most deceptive adj
illusoire trompeur mensonger
Likely or attempting to deceive.

deceptive advertising n
publicité mensongère
exaggerated advertising that attempts to deceive

deceptively /dɪˈsɛptɪvli/ more deceptively most deceptively adv
fallacieusement
In a deceptive manner; misleadingly.

decerebrate /dɪˈsɛɹəbɹət/ v
décérébrer
To remove the cerebrum in order to eliminate brain function.

deci- /ˈdɛsɪ/ prefix
déci-
A tenth part.

decibel /ˈdɛsɪbəl/ /ˈdɛsɪbɛl/ decibels n
décibel
A common measure of sound intensity ratio that is one tenth of a bel on the logarithmic intensity scale. It is defined as dB = ⅒log10(P1 / P2), where P1 and P2 are the relative powers of the sound.

decide /dɪˈsaɪd/ v
décider
(ambitransitive) to resolve (a contest, problem, dispute, etc.); to choose, determine, or settle
(intransitive) to make a judgment, especially after deliberation

decided /dɪˈsaɪ.dəd/ /dɪˈsaɪ.dɪd/ more decided most decided adj
décidé

decidedly /dɪˈsaɪdɪdli/ more decidedly most decidedly adv
clairement
In a manner which leaves little question; definitely, clearly.
décidément
In a decided or final manner; resolutely.

decidua /dɪˈsɪdʒʊə/ deciduae deciduas n
caduque membrane déciduale
(anatomy) A mucous membrane that lines the uterus and is shed during menstruation and modified during pregnancy

deciduous /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.u.əs/ /dɪˈsɪd͡ʒ.ʊ.əs/ adj
caduc décidual
(biology, anatomy) Describing a part that falls off, or is shed, at a particular time or stage of development.
caducifolié à feuilles caduques
(botany) Of or pertaining to trees which lose their leaves in winter or the dry season.

decigrade /ˈdɛsɪɡɹeɪd/ decigrades n
décigrade
(mathematics) An angular measure equal to one tenth of a grade

decigram /ˈdɛsɪɡɹæm/ decigrams n
décigramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−1 grams. Symbol: dg

decile /ˈdɛs.əl/ /ˈdɛsˌaɪl/ [ˈdiːsaɪɫ] [ˈdɛsaɪɫ] deciles n
décile
(statistics) Any of the values in a series that divides the distribution of individuals in that series into ten groups of equal frequency.
Any one of the ten subsets or groups so divided.

decilitre /ˈdɛsɪliːtə(ɹ)/ decilitres n
décilitre
(metrology) An SI unit of fluid equal to 10−1 liters. Symbol: dl.

decimal /ˈdɛs.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ə.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məɫ/ adj
décimal
(arithmetic, computing) Concerning numbers expressed in decimal or mathematical calculations performed using decimal.

decimal /ˈdɛs.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ə.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.məɫ/ decimals n
décimal système décimal
(countable) A number expressed in the base-ten system, (particularly) a fractional numeral written in this system.

decimal fraction decimal fractions n
fraction décimale
(arithmetic) A proper or improper fraction the denominator of which is a power of ten and the decimal representation of which is a terminating decimal number.

decimal number decimal numbers n
nombre décimal
(mathematics) A number expressed in the decimal system (base ten), (particularly) fractional numbers so represented.

decimal place decimal places n
décimale
(arithmetic) the position of a digit to the right of the decimal point in a decimal number.

decimal point decimal points n
point point décimal virgule
(typography) A period/full stop ⟨.⟩ or middot ⟨·⟩ used to set off the decimal or fractional part of a number.

decimate /ˈdɛsəmeɪt/ /ˈdɛsɪmeɪt/ v
décimer
(archaic) To kill one-tenth of (a group), (historical, specifically) as a military punishment in the Roman army selected by lot, usually carried out by the surviving soldiers.
(proscribed) To reduce to one-tenth: to destroy or remove nine-tenths of (something).

decimetre /ˈdɛsɪmiːtəɹ/ decimetres n
décimètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−1 metres. Symbol: dm

decipher /dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/ v
déchiffrer
(transitive) To decode or decrypt a code or cipher to plain text.

decipherable [dɪˈsaɪfəɹəbəɫ] more decipherable most decipherable adj
déchiffrable
that can be deciphered, understood or comprehended

decipherment decipherments n
déchiffrement
The analysis of documents written in ancient languages, where the language is unknown, or knowledge of the language has been lost.

decisecond /ˈdɛsɪˌsɛkənd/ deciseconds n
déciseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−1 seconds. Symbol: ds

decision /dɪˈsɪʒən/ [dɪˈsɪʒn̩] decisions n
décision arrêt
A choice or judgement.

decision making n
prise de décision
The process of reaching a decision.

decision tree decision trees n
arbre de décision
A visualization of a complex decision-making situation in which the possible decisions and their likely outcomes are organized in the form of a graph that resembles a tree.

decisional [dɪˈsɪʒənəɫ] adj
décisionnel
Of or pertaining to decisions.

decisionism /dɪˈsɪʒənɪzəm/ n
décisionnisme
The doctrine that moral or legal precepts are the product of decisions made by political or legal bodies

decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ more decisive most decisive adj
décisif
Having the power or quality of deciding a question or controversy; putting an end to contest or controversy; final; conclusive.
décidé ferme
Marked by promptness and decision.

decisively /dɪˈsaɪsɪvli/ more decisively most decisively adv
de manière décisive
In a decisive manner.

deck /dɛk/ decks n
pont
Any raised flat surface that can be walked on: a balcony; a porch; a raised patio; a flat rooftop.
jeu de cartes
(cards) A pack or set of playing cards.

deck chair deck chairs n
transat
A folding chair in which a wooden frame supports a length of canvas; traditionally used on the beach or onboard a liner.

deckhouse deckhouses n
rouf
A cabin that protrudes above a ship's deck.

declaim /dɪˈkleɪm/ v
déclamer réciter scander
To recite, e.g., poetry, in a theatrical way; to speak for rhetorical display; to speak pompously, noisily, or theatrically; bemouth; to make an empty speech; to rehearse trite arguments in debate; to rant.

declamatorily adv
déclamatoirement

declaration /ˌdɛkləˈɹeɪʃən/ declarations n
déclaration
A written or oral indication of a fact, opinion, intention, belief, etc.
A list of items for various legal purposes, e.g. customs declaration.
The act or process of declaring.
(legal) In common law, the formal document specifying plaintiff's cause of action, including the facts necessary to sustain a proper cause of action, and to advise the defendant of the grounds upon which he is being sued.

declaration of war declarations of war n
déclaration de guerre
A formal announcement by a country or other body with military capability that it is in a state of war with another such entity.

declaration of will declarations of will n
déclaration de volonté
(law) A private outward manifestation of intention which is directly aimed at bringing about a legal effect.

declarative /dɪˈklæɹətɪv/ /dɪˈklɛɹətɪv/ [dɪˈklæɹəɾɪv] [dɪˈklɛɹəɾɪv] adj
déclaratif
Serving to declare; having the quality of a declaration.
(grammar, of a verb, sentence, or mood) Expressing truth.
(programming) A way of programming that is most akin to just stating what is wanted, rather than having to describe how to do it. w:Declarative programming

declarator /ˈdɛkləɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ declarators n
déclaration
(legal, Scotland) A legal declaration.
déclarateur
(programming) A construct in source code that declares something, such as a variable.

declaratory /dɛˈklæɹətɹi/ adj
déclaratoire
Serving to declare or explain

declare /dəˈklɛɚ/ /dɪˈklɛə/ /dɪˈklɛɚ/ v
expliquer
(obsolete, transitive) To make clear, explain, interpret.
déclarer
(transitive, intransitive) To assert or announce formally, officially, explicitly, or emphatically.
(card games) To show one's cards in order to score.
(intransitive, politics) For a constituency in an election to officially announce the result
(transitive) To inform government customs or taxation officials of goods one is importing or of income, expenses, or other circumstances affecting one's taxes.

declare war v
déclarer la guerre
(of a governmental authority) To make a formal pronouncement, or sign a legal document, that initiates a state of war between one nation and another, usually before hostilities begin.

declension /dɪˈklɛn.ʃən/ declensions n
déclinaison
(grammar) The act of declining a word; the act of listing the inflections of a noun, pronoun or adjective in order.
(grammar) A way of categorizing nouns, pronouns, or adjectives according to the inflections they receive.

declensional /dɪˈklɛnʃənəɫ/ adj
déclinatif
(grammar) Pertaining to declension.

declericalization n
décléricalisation

declericalize v
décléricaliser

declinable /dɪˈklaɪnəbəɫ/ adj
déclinable
(grammar) Capable of being declined.

declination /ˌdɛklɪˈneɪʃən/ declinations n
déclinaison
At a given point, the angle between magnetic north and true north.
At a given point, the angle between the line connecting this point with the geographical center of the earth and the equatorial plane.

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ declines n
déclin
Downward movement, fall.
A deterioration of condition; a weakening or worsening.

decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v
décliner péricliter
(intransitive) To become weaker or worse.
refuser décliner
(transitive) To choose not to do something; refuse, forbear, refrain.
décliner
(transitive, grammar, usually of substantives, adjectives and pronouns) To inflect for case, number, gender, and the like.
(by extension) To run through from first to last; to recite in order as though declining a noun.
refuser
(American football, Canadian football) To reject a penalty against the opposing team, usually because the result of accepting it would benefit the non-penalized team less than the preceding play.

declivity /dɪˈklɪvɪti/ declivities n
déclivité
(geomorphology) The downward slope of a curve.

decoction /dɪˈkɒkʃən/ decoctions n
décoction
An extraction or essence of something, obtained by boiling it down.

decode /diːˈkəʊd/ /dɪˈkəʊd/ v
décoder
To convert from an encrypted form to plain text.

decoherence /diːkəʊˈhɪəɹəns/ decoherences n
décohérence
(quantum mechanics) Loss of quantum coherence (phase relation between the quantum states of particles) in a physical system as it interacts with its environment.

decollete /dɪˈkɒləteɪ/ more decollete most decollete adj
décolleté
Having a low-cut neckline.

decolonization /diːˌkɒl.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ decolonizations n
décolonisation
The freeing of a colony etc from dependent status by granting it independence.

decolonize /diːˈkɒlənaɪz/ v
décoloniser
(transitive) To release from the status of colony; to allow a colony to become independent.

decommission /diːkəˈmɪʃən/ v
déclasser
To take out of service or to render unusable.

decommunization n
décommunisation
The act, process, or result of decommunizing.

decommunize v
décommuniser
(transitive) To divest of communism.

decompaction /diːkəmˈpækʃən/ decompactions n
décompactage
(chiefly, _, in, _, geology, biochemistry) The act or process of making something less compact; often specifically the reversal of previous compaction

decompile /diːkəmˈpaɪl/ v
décompiler
(computer science) To recreate the original source code from a compiled executable.

decompiler /diːkəmˈpaɪlə(ɹ)/ decompilers n
décompilateur
(computer science) A computer program performing the reverse operation to that of a compiler.

decompose /ˌdiːkəmˈpəʊz/ v
décomposer
(transitive) To separate or break down (something) into its components; to disintegrate or fragment.
se décomposer
(intransitive) To rot, decay or putrefy.

decomposer /diːkəmˈpəʊzə(ɹ)/ decomposers n
décomposeur

decomposition /diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/ decompositions n
décomposition
A biological process through which organic material is reduced to e.g. compost.
The splitting (of e.g. a matrix, an atom, or a compound) into constituent parts.
démontage
The act of taking something apart, e.g. for analysis.

decompress /diːkəmˈpɹɛs/ v
décomprimer
(transitive) To relieve the pressure or compression on something.

decompression sickness n
accident de décompression maladie de décompression maladie des caissons
(pathology) A sometimes fatal condition resulting from the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood and tissues, because of too rapid decompression, seen especially in deep-sea divers ascending rapidly from a dive. It is characterized by severe pains in the joints and chest, skin irritation, cramps, nausea, and paralysis.

deconfessionalization /diːkənˌfɛʃ(ə)nəlʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ deconfessionalizations n
déconfessionnalisation
The removal of the influence of a particular religion (from).

deconfessionalize v
déconfessionnaliser

deconfigure v
déconfigurer
(transitive, computing) To remove or cancel the configuration of; to reset.

decongest /diːkənˈdʒɛst/ v
décongestionner
To free from congestion

decongestant /diːkənˈdʒɛstənt/ decongestants n
décongestionnant
A drug that relieves congestion, e.g. pseudoephedrine.

deconstruct /diːkənˈstɹʊkt/ /diːkənˈstɹʌkt/ v
déconstruire
(transitive, often, figurative) To break something down into its component parts.

decontaminate /diːkənˈtæmɪneɪt/ v
décontaminer
(transitive) To remove contamination from (something), rendering it safe.

decontamination /diːkənˌtæmɪˈneɪʃən/ decontaminations n
décontamination
The process of removing contamination, particularly the cleaning off of dangerous materials.

decorate /ˈdɛkəɹeɪt/ v
décorer orner
(transitive) To furnish with decorations.
décorer
(transitive) To improve the appearance of an interior of, as a house, room, or office.

decoration /ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃən/ decorations n
décoration
The act of adorning, embellishing, or honoring; ornamentation.
Any item that adorns, enriches, or beautifies; something added by way of embellishment or ornamentation.
Specifically, any mark of honor to be worn upon the person, as a medal, cross, or ribbon of an order of knighthood, bestowed for services in war, great achievements in literature, art, etc.

decorative /ˈdek.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/ /ˈdɛk.ɹə.tɪv/ [ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.ɾɪv] [ˈdɛk.ɹə.ɾɪv] more decorative most decorative adj
décoratif
That serves to decorate

decorative arts n
arts décoratifs
Arts and crafts concerned with making beautiful but functional objects. Includes carpentry, metalworking and interior design.

decorator /ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ decorators n
décorateur décoratrice
Someone who decorates.

decorticate /diːˈkɔːtɪkeɪt/ v
décortiquer
(transitive) To peel or remove the bark, husk, or outer layer from something.

decorum /dɪˈkɔːɹəm/ decora decorums n
décorum
(uncountable) Appropriate social behavior.

decossackization n
décosaquisation

decouple [diːˈkʊpəɫ] [diːˈkʌpəɫ] v
découpler
(ambitransitive) To unlink; to take or come apart.

decoy /ˈdiːkɔɪ/ decoys n
appât leurre
A person or object meant to lure somebody into danger.
leurre
A real or fake animal used by hunters to lure game.
Deceptive military device used to draw enemy attention or fire away from a more important target.

decoy /ˈdiːkɔɪ/ v
appâter leurrer piéger
(intransitive) To act as, or use, a decoy.

decrease /dɪˈkɹiːs/ /ˈdiːkɹiːs/ v
diminuer
(intransitive) Of a quantity, to become smaller.
diminuer réduire
(transitive) To make (a quantity) smaller.

decree /dɪˈkɹiː/ decrees n
ordonnance
décret
An edict or law.

decree /dɪˈkɹiː/ v
décréter
To command by a decree.

decrepit /dəˈkɹɛp.ɪd/ /dɪˈkɹɛp.ɪt/ more decrepit most decrepit adj
décrépit décati
Weakened or worn out from age or wear.

decriminalization /diːˌkɹɪmɪnəlaɪzˈeɪʃən/ n
décriminalisation dépénalisation
The act of making an activity or substance no longer criminalized (no longer a crime, subject to criminal penalties, to perform or possess). (Compare legalization, which often implies regulation.)
The act of ceasing to treat a person as a criminal, by making their activities legal or no longer subjecting them to the criminal justice system (but instead possibly the mental healthcare system, etc).

decriminalize /diːˈkɹɪmɪnəlaɪz/ v
dépénaliser
(transitive) To change the laws so something is no longer a crime.

decry /dɪˈkɹaɪ/ v
décrier dénoncer
(transitive) To denounce as harmful.
blâmer critiquer
(transitive) To blame for ills.

decrypt /diːˈkɹɪpt/ /dɪˈkɹɪpt/ /ˈdiːkɹɪpt/ v
déchiffrer
(transitive) To convert (an encrypted or coded message) back into plain text.

decryption /dɪˈkɹɪpʃən/ decryptions n
décryptage
The process reversing an encryption, i.e. the process which converts encrypted data into its original form.

decubitus /dɪˈkjuː.bɪt.əs/ decubitus n
décubitus
(medicine) The posture of someone in bed, lying down or reclining.

decumbent /dɪˈkʊmbənt/ /dɪˈkʌmbənt/ adj
décombant
Lying down; reclining on the ground.
(botany) Of a plant, which lies on the ground with tips turned upwards.

decurdling n
décaillage

decurion /dɪˈkjʊəɹɪən/ decurions n
décurion
(historical) An officer in charge of ten men in the ancient Roman army.
(historical) A member of local government in ancient Rome.

dedicate /ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/ /ˈdɛdɪˌkɪt/ v
consacrer vouer
(transitive) To set apart for a deity or for religious purposes; consecrate.
destiner dédicacer
(transitive) To set apart for a special use
se consacrer se dévouer
(transitive) To commit (oneself) to a particular course of thought or action
dédier dédicacer
(transitive) To address or inscribe (a literary work, for example) to another as a mark of respect or affection.
inaugurer
(transitive) To open (a building, for example) to public use.
(transitive) To show to the public for the first time

dedicated /ˈdɛdɪkeɪtəd/ more dedicated most dedicated adj
dévoué dédié
Devoted; loyal; conscientious.
dédié consacré
Used or intended for a particular purpose

dedication /ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ dedications n
dédicace
(countable) A note addressed to a patron or friend, prefixed to a work of art as a token of respect, esteem, or affection.

dedovshchina /-dəf-/ /dɪdəvˈʃːinə/ n
dedovchtchina
Hazing, the informal system of subjection and abuse of new junior conscripts, formerly in the Soviet Armed Forces and today in the Russian, Ukrainian, etc. armed forces.

deduce /-ˈdjus/ /də-/ /dɪˈdjuːs/ /dɪˈdus/ /dɪˈdʒuːs/ v
déduire
(transitive) To reach (a conclusion) by applying rules of logic or other forms of reasoning to given premises or known facts.

deduct /dɪˈdʊkt/ /dɪˈdʌkt/ v
décompter déduire
To take one thing from another; remove from; make smaller or less by some amount.

deductible [dɪˈdʊktəbəɫ] [dɪˈdʌktəbəɫ] more deductible most deductible adj
déductible
Eligible to be deducted.

deduction /diˈdʌkʃən/ /dɪˈdʊkʃən/ /dɪˈdʌkʃən/ deductions n
déduction
That which is deducted; that which is subtracted or removed
A sum that can be removed from tax calculations; something that is written off
(logic) A process of reasoning that moves from the general to the specific, in which a conclusion follows necessarily from the premises presented, so that the conclusion cannot be false if the premises are true.
The ability or skill to deduce or figure out; the power of reason
A conclusion; that which is deduced, concluded or figured out
précompte
(law, finance) A sum withheld from an employee's pay for the purpose of paying tax.

deductive /dɪˈdʊktɪv/ /dɪˈdʌktɪv/ more deductive most deductive adj
déductif
Of, pertaining to, or based on deduction (process of reasoning).

deductivism /dɪˈdʊktɪvɪzəm/ /dɪˈdʌktɪvɪzəm/ n
déductivisme

deduplicate /diːˈdʒuːplɪkeɪt/ v
dédupliquer
(transitive, computing) To eliminate redundant duplicate data from.

dee /ˈdiː/ dees n
dé
The name of the Latin-script letter D.

deed /diːd/ deeds n
action acte œuvre
An action or act; something that is done.
Action or fact, as opposed to rhetoric or deliberation.
action d'éclat coup d'éclat exploit haut fait prouesse
A brave or noteworthy action; a feat or exploit.
acte juridique
(legal) A legal instrument that is executed under seal or before a witness; sometimes required for certain legal activities, such as the transfer of certain kinds of property.

deejay /ˈdiːdʒeɪ/ v
mixer
To play music as a disc jockey.

deem /dim/ /diːm/ v
estimer croire
(ditransitive) To hold in belief or estimation; to adjudge as a conclusion; to regard as being; to evaluate according to one's beliefs; to account.
considérer croire
(ambitransitive) To think, judge, or have or hold as an opinion; to decide or believe on consideration; to suppose.

deen n
din
(Islam) religion; religiosity; the way of life of a pious Muslim

deep /diːp/ deeper deepest adj
grave profond
(cricket, baseball, softball) Far from the center of the playing area, near to the boundary of the playing area, either in absolute terms or relative to a point of reference.
(sound, voice) Low in pitch.
profond
Extending far down from the top, or surface, to the bottom, literally or figuratively.
Positioned or reaching far, especially down through something or into something.
(sports, _, such as, _, soccer, tennis) Penetrating a long way, especially a long way forward.
(in combination) Extending to a level or length equivalent to the stated thing.
Voluminous.
In a (specified) number of rows or layers.
Hard to penetrate or comprehend; profound; intricate; obscure.
épais profond
Far in extent in another (non-downwards, but generally also non-upwards) direction away from a point of reference.
foncé foncée
(of a color or flavour) Highly saturated; rich.

deep /diːp/ deeps n
profondeurs
(with "the") The sea, the ocean.

deep down adv
au fond
(idiomatic) Fundamentally; in essence; in reality

deep drawing deep drawings n
emboutissage
A sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch.

deep fryer deep fryers n
friteuse
A heated vessel for frying food by immersing in hot oil, as opposed to shallow frying in a frying pan.

deep learning n
apprentissage profond
(computing) A form of machine learning based on the interpretation of the structure of data.

deep link deep links n
lien profond
(Internet) A type of hyperlink directly pointing to content on a website, rather than its home page.

deep sleep deep sleeps n
sommeil profond
(medicine) stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement sleep

deep space n
espace lointain
All of space beyond the gravitational influence of Earth, or outside the Solar System, or distant from stars

deep state /ˈdiːp ˈsteɪt/ deep states n
État profond
(politics, conspiracy research) A large group of people, typically members of government agencies and the military, believed to have long-lasting political influence that is difficult for an administration voted into power to counter.

deep vein thrombosis deep vein thromboses n
phlébite profonde thrombophlébite thrombose veineuse profonde
(pathology) A potentially fatal condition in which one or more thrombi (or clots) form in the predominantly the leg or, more unusually, the arm. The clot may break free from the venous wall and travel via the circulatory system to the heart or to the lungs (causing a pulmonary embolism); this condition is often caused by keeping the legs bent for long periods but can also be caused by other medical problems.

deep water deep waters n
eau profond
Waters suitable for deep-draft ships, especially ocean-going.
profonde détresse être dans de beaux draps
(idiomatic) A difficult or embarrassing situation.

deep-freeze v
surgeler
To freeze at very low temperatures.

deep-fry v
faire frire frire
(transitive) To cook (food) by deep-frying.

deep-rooted adj
profondément enraciné
(literally, of a plant) Having deep roots; (of a non-living object) deeply and firmly embedded (in the ground, etc.).
ancré profondément enraciné
(figurative) Firmly established in thought or behaviour and difficult to change.

deep-sea prawn deep-sea prawns n
crevette nordique
a species of shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Pandalus borealis.

deep-throat /diːp.θɹəʊt/ v
irrumer

deepen /ˈdiːpən/ v
approfondir
(transitive) To make deep or deeper
intensifier
(transitive) To make darker or more intense; to darken
(transitive) To make more poignant or affecting; to increase in degree
devenir plus profond
(intransitive) To become deeper

deepfake /ˈdipˌfeɪk/ /ˈdiːpfeɪk/ deepfakes n
hypertrucage
(technology, neologism) A convincingly realistic but fake image, video, or audio created with the use of artificial intelligence, especially one that imposes the face of one person onto the body of someone else.

deeply /ˈdi(ː)pli/ deeplier deepliest more deeply most deeply adv
profondément
At depth.
In a profound, not superficial, manner.

deepthroating deepthroatings n
gorge profonde
The act of deepthroat.

deepwater prawn deepwater prawns n
crevette nordique
A species of shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Pandalus borealis.

deer /diːɹ/ /dɪə/ /dɪɹ/ deer deers n
cerf chevreuil
A ruminant mammal with antlers and hooves of the family Cervidae, or one of several similar animals from related families of the order Artiodactyla.

deer mouse deer mice n
souris sylvestre
Any of the muroid rodents in the genus Peromyscus, especially Peromyscus maniculatus.

deerslaughter n
cérvicide
(rare) The killing of a deer, the slaughter of deer; cervicide.

deface /diːˈfeɪs/ /dɪˈfeɪs/ v
défigurer dégrader
To damage or vandalize something, especially a surface, in a visible or conspicuous manner.
To void or devalue; to nullify or degrade the face value of.

defamation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ defamations n
diffamation
The act of injuring another person's reputation by any slanderous communication, written or oral; the wrong of maliciously injuring the good name of another.

defamatory /dɪˈfæmətɔɹi/ /dɪˈfæmətɹi/ more defamatory most defamatory adj
diffamant diffamatoire
damaging to someone's reputation, especially if untrue

defame /dɪˈfeɪm/ v
diffamer
To harm or diminish the reputation of; to disparage. [from 4th c.]

default /dɪˈfɑlt/ /dɪˈfɔlt/ /dɪˈfɔːlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɑlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔlt/ /ˈdiːˌfɔːlt/ defaults n
défaut
(finance) The condition of failing to meet an obligation.

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ defeats n
défaite
The act or instance of being defeated, of being overcome or vanquished; a loss.

defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v
vaincre défaire
(transitive) To overcome in battle or contest.
anéantir contrecarrer réduire à néant
(transitive) To reduce, to nothing, the strength of.

defeated /dɪˈfiːtəd/ more defeated most defeated adj
vaincu
Subjugated, beaten, overcome.

defeatism /dɪˈfiːtɪzəm/ defeatisms n
défaitisme
Acceptance of defeat without struggle.

defeatist /dɪˈfiːtɪst/ more defeatist most defeatist adj
défaitiste
of, or relating to defeatism

defeatist /dɪˈfiːtɪst/ defeatists n
défaitiste
someone who advocates defeatism, or has such an attitude

defecate /ˈdɛfɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪkət/ v
déféquer aller à la selle couler un bronze

defecation /ˌdɛfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌdɛfɪˈkeɪʃən/ defecations n
défécation
The act or process of voiding feces from the bowels.
Any of several processes for the removal of impurities, or for clarifying various materials.

defect /dɪˈfɛkt/ /ˈdiːfɛkt/ defects n
défaut
A fault or malfunction.

defect /dɪˈfɛkt/ /ˈdiːfɛkt/ v
déserter passer à
(intransitive) To abandon or turn against; to cease or change one's loyalty, especially from a military organisation or political party.

defection /dɪˈfɛkʃən/ defections n
défection
An act or incidence of defecting.

defective /dɪˈfɛktɪv/ more defective most defective adj
défectueux
Having one or more defects.
défectif
(grammar, of a lexeme, especially a verb) Lacking some forms; e.g., having only one tense or being usable only in the third person.

defective verb defective verbs n
verbe défectif
(grammar) A verb with an incomplete conjugation; for example, one that can only be conjugated in certain persons and numbers.

defector /dɪˈfɛktə(ɹ)/ defectors n
transfuge
One who defects.

defenceman defencemen n
défenseur
In ice hockey and lacrosse, a player position with a primary responsibility to prevent the opposing team from scoring goals; same as defender in many other ballgames.

defend /diˈfɛnd/ /dəˈfɛnd/ /dɪˈfɛnd/ v
défendre
(transitive) To ward off attacks against; to fight to protect; to guard.

defendant /dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/ defendants n
inculpé défenderesse défendeur inculpée
(legal) In civil proceedings, the party responding to the complaint; one who is sued and called upon to make satisfaction for a wrong complained of by another.

defender /dɪˈfɛndə(ɹ)/ defenders n
défenseur défenseuse
Someone who defends people or property.
(law, rare) A lawyer who represents defendants, especially a public defender; a defense attorney (US) or defence counsel (UK).
défenseur
(sports) One of the players whose primary task is to prevent the opposition from scoring.
A fighter who seeks to repel an attack.
(Scots law) A defendant in a civil action.

defenestrate /dəˈfɛnɪstɹeɪt/ /dɪˈfɛnɪstɹeɪt/ v
défenestrer
(transitive) To eject or throw (someone or something) from or through a window.
(computing, transitive, humorous, slang) To remove a Windows operating system from a computer.

defenestration /diˌfɛnəˈstɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌfɛnɪˈstɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdiː-/ defenestrations n
défenestration
The act of throwing something or someone out of a window. [from c. 17th c.]

defense /dɪˈfɛns/ /ˈdiːˌfɛns/ defenses n
défense
The action of defending or protecting from attack, danger, or injury.
Anything employed to oppose attack(s).

defense attorney defense attorneys n
avocat de la défense
(US) A lawyer who represents defendants in legal proceedings.

defense mechanism defense mechanisms n
mécanisme de défense
(psychology) A psychological strategy used unconsciously by people to cope with harmful or stressful situations.

defenseless /dɪˈfɛnsləs/ more defenseless most defenseless adj
sans défense
Lacking any form of defense; vulnerable; open to attack.

defensive /dɪˈfɛnsɪv/ more defensive most defensive adj
défensif defendant
Intended for defence; protective.

defensive wound defensive wounds n
lésion défensive

defensively /dɪˈfɛnsɪvli/ more defensively most defensively adv
défensivement
In a defensive manner.

defer /dɪˈfɜː(ɹ)/ /dɪˈfɝ/ v
s'en remettre
(ambitransitive) To submit to the opinion or desire of others in respect to their judgment or authority.
reporter différer remettre
(intransitive) To delay, to wait.

deference /ˈdɛ.fɚ.əns/ /ˈdɛ.fɹəns/ /ˈdɛfəɹəns/ deferences n
déférence respect
Great respect.
déférence
The willingness to carry out the wishes of others.

deferential [ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ] more deferential most deferential adj
déférent
Respectful and considerate; showing deference.

defiance /dɪˈfaɪ(j)əns/ defiances n
défi
The feeling, or spirit of being defiant.

defibrillate /diːˈfɪbɹɪleɪt/ v
défibriller
(cardiology, transitive) To stop the fibrillation of the heart in order to restore normal contractions, especially by the use of an electric shock.

defibrillation /diːˌfɪbɹɪˈleɪʃən/ defibrillations n
défibrillation
The stopping of the fibrillation of the heart in order to restore normal contractions, especially by the use of an electric shock.

defibrillator /diːˈfɪbɹɪleɪtə(ɹ)/ defibrillators n
défibrillateur
(cardiology) An electronic device used internally or externally that delivers a controlled electric shock to a patient to correct ventricular fibrillation, a lack of coordination of the contraction of muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart.

deficiency /dɪˈfɪʃənsi/ deficiencies n
déficience
(uncountable) Inadequacy or incompleteness.
déficience carence
(countable) An insufficiency, especially of something essential to health.

deficient number deficient numbers n
nombre déficient
(number theory) A number that is greater than the sum of all of its divisors except itself.

deficit /ˈdɛfəsɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪsɪt/ deficits n
déficit déficit budgétaire
A situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds (e.g. government) revenue.

defile /dəˈfaɪl/ /dɪˈfaɪl/ /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ /ˈdiː-/ defiles n
défilé
A single file of soldiers; (by extension) any single file.

defile /dəˈfaɪl/ /dɪˈfaɪl/ /ˈdiˌfaɪl/ /ˈdiː-/ v
souiller
To make (someone or something) physically dirty or unclean; to befoul, to soil.
défiler
(intransitive, archaic) To march in a single file or line; to file.

definable [dɪˈfaɪnəbəɫ] more definable most definable adj
définissable
Able to be defined.

define /dɪˈfaɪn/ v
déterminer définir
To determine with precision; to mark out with distinctness; to ascertain or exhibit clearly.
définir
To express the essential nature of something.
To state the meaning of a word, phrase, sign, or symbol.
To describe, explain, or make definite and clear; used to request the listener or other person to elaborate or explain more clearly his or her intended meaning of a word or expression.
To demark sharply the outlines or limits of an area or concept.

defined /dɪˈfaɪnd/ /dɪˈfʌɪnd/ more defined most defined adj
défini
Having a definition or value.

definite /ˈdɛfənət/ /ˈdɛfənɪt/ /ˈdɛfɪnɪt/ more definite most definite adj
défini
Having distinct limits.

definite article definite articles n
article défini
(grammar) An article that introduces a noun and specifies it as the particular noun that is being considered; in English, the only definite article is the and its variations.

definite integral definite integrals n
intégrale définie
(mathematics) The integral of a function between an upper and lower limit

definitely /ˈdɛf.nɪt.li/ /ˈdɛf.ə.nɪt.li/ /ˈdɛf.ɪ.nɪt.li/ more definitely most definitely adv
assurément certainement décidément sans conteste
Without question and beyond doubt.
assurément décidément
In a definite manner; decisively.

definiteness /ˈdɛfɪnɪtnəs/ definitenesses n
définitude
The state or quality of being definite.

definition /ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.ən/ /ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/ [ˌdɛf.əˈnɪʃ.n̩] [ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.n̩] definitions n
définition
(semantics, lexicography) A statement of the meaning of a word or word group or a sign or symbol (dictionary definitions).
A statement expressing the essential nature of something; formulation
The act of defining; determination of the limits.
A product of defining.
The action or power of describing, explaining, or making definite and clear.
Clarity of visual presentation, distinctness of outline or detail.

definitional [ˌdɛfɪˈnɪʃənəɫ] adj
définitionnel

definitive /dɪˈfɪn.ə.tɪv/ /dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/ [dɪˈfɪn.ə.ɾɪv] more definitive most definitive adj
définitif définitive
conclusive or decisive

definitive /dɪˈfɪn.ə.tɪv/ /dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/ [dɪˈfɪn.ə.ɾɪv] definitives n
timbre d'usage courant
(philately) an ordinary postage stamp that is part of a series of all denominations or is reprinted as needed to meet demand

definitively /dɪˈfɪnɪtɪvli/ more definitively most definitively adv
définitivement
In a way that is not only decisive, but also conclusive and final.

deflagrate /ˈdɛfləɡɹeɪt/ v
déflagrer
(physics) To burn with intense light and heat.

deflation /dɪˈfleɪʃən/ deflations n
déflation
(economics) A decrease in the general price level, that is, in the nominal cost of goods and services as well as wages.

deflea /diːˈfliː/ v
épucer
(transitive) To rid of fleas.

deflect /dɪˈflɛkt/ v
détourner
(transitive) To make (something) deviate from its original path.
dévier
(intransitive) To deviate from its original path.

deflection /dəˈflɛkʃən/ /dɪˈflɛkʃən/ deflections n
déflexion
The act of deflecting or something deflected.

defloration deflorations n
défloration
the act of deflowering

deflower /diˈflaʊ.ɚ/ /dɪˈflaʊə(ɹ)/ v
déflorer dépuceler
(transitive) To take the virginity of (somebody), especially a woman or girl.

defoliate /diːˈfəʊliː(j)eɪt/ v
défolier
(transitive) To remove foliage from (one or more plants), most often with a chemical agent.

deforest /dɪˈfɒɹɪst/ v
déboiser déforester
(transitive) To clear (an area) of forest.

deforestation /dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdiːfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/ deforestations n
déboisement déforestation
The process of destroying a forest and replacing it with something else, especially with an agricultural system.

deform /dəˈfɔɹm/ /dɪˈfɔːm/ v
déformer
To change the form of (something), usually thus making it disordered or irregular; to give (something) an abnormal or unusual shape.

deformation /ˌdɛfəˈmeɪʃən/ deformations n
déformation
The act of deforming, or state of being deformed.

deformed /dɪˈfɔːmd/ more deformed most deformed adj
difforme
Unusual of shape; misshapen.

defragment /diːfɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /diːˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ v
défragmenter
(computing) To run a process that collects fragments of files and sorts them into contiguous sections on one or more hard disks or hard disk partitions, thus speeding up file management.

defragmentation /diːˌfɹæɡmənˈteɪʃən/ defragmentations n
défragmentation
(computing) The action of defragmenting, particularly with respect to a computer disk or drive.

defragmenter /diːfɹæɡˈmɛntə(ɹ)/ defragmenters n
défragmenteur
(computing) That which defragments; a program that performs defragmentation.

defraud /dɪ.ˈfɹɔːd/ v
escroquer arnaquer
(transitive) To obtain money or property from (a person) by fraud; to swindle.

defray /dɪˈfɹeɪ/ v
défrayer
To pay or discharge (a debt, expense etc.); to meet (the cost of something).

defrock /diˈfɹɑk/ /diːˈfɹɒk/ v
défroquer
(figuratively) To formally remove the rights and authority of a member of the clergy.

defrost /diːˈfɹɒst/ v
décongeler dégivrer déglacer
(transitive) To remove frost from.
décongeler
(transitive) To thaw something.

deft /dɛft/ defter deftest adj
habile adroit compétent
Quick and neat in action; skillful.

deftly /ˈdɛftli/ more deftly most deftly adv
habilement
In a deft manner; quickly and neatly in action.

defunct /dɪˈfʌŋkt/ /ˌdiˈfʌŋkt/ more defunct most defunct adj
défunt
(now, _, rare) Deceased, dead.

defunction /dəˈfʌŋkʃən/ defunctions n
défunction
(obsolete) Death.

defuse /diːˈfjuːz/ v
désamorcer
(transitive) To remove the fuse from (a bomb, etc.).
(transitive, figurative) To make less dangerous, tense, or hostile.

defy /dɪˈfaɪ/ v
désobéir à
(transitive) To refuse to obey.
défier
(transitive, obsolete) To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce.

degauss /diːˈɡaʊs/ v
dégausser
(transitive) To reduce or eliminate the magnetic field from (the hull of a ship, or a computer monitor, etc.).

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ more degenerate most degenerate adj
dégradé dégénéré
(of qualities) Having deteriorated, degraded or fallen from normal, coherent, balanced and desirable to undesirable and typically abnormal.
(of a human or system) Having lost good or desirable qualities.

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ degenerates n
dégénéré dépravé
One who is degenerate, who has fallen from previous stature; an immoral or corrupt person.

degenerate /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈdʒɛnəɹɪt/ v
dégénérer dégrader se dégrader
(transitive) To cause to lose good or desirable qualities.

degeneration /dɪˌdʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ degenerations n
dégénérescence dégénération
(uncountable) That condition of a tissue or an organ in which its vitality has become either diminished or perverted; a substitution of a lower for a higher form of structure.
dégénération dégénérescence
(uncountable) Gradual deterioration, from natural causes, of any class of animals or plants or any particular organ or organs; hereditary degradation of type.

degenerative /dɪˈdʒɛn(ə)ɹətɪv/ more degenerative most degenerative adj
dégénératif
Characterized by or causing degeneration.

deglaze /diːˈɡleɪz/ v
déglacer
(transitive, cooking) To detach small pieces of cooked food from a pan by adding liquid, so that they can be used in further cooking.

deglobalization /diːˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ n
démondialisation
The process of diminishing interdependence and integration between the economies of nations.

deglobalize /diːˈɡləʊbəlaɪz/ v
démondialiser
To make independent according to deglobalization.

deglutination /diːˌɡluːtɪˈneɪʃən/ deglutinations n
déglutination
The act of ungluing.

degradable [dɪˈɡɹeɪdəbəɫ] more degradable most degradable adj
dégradable
Able to be chemically or biologically degraded.

degradation /ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/ degradations n
dégradation
The act of reducing in rank, character, or reputation, or of abasing; a lowering from one's standing or rank in office or society

degrease v
dégraisser
(transitive) To remove grease from something.

degree /dɪˈɡɹiː/ degrees n
diplôme
A stage of proficiency or qualification in a course of study, now especially an award bestowed by a university or, in some countries, a college, as a certification of academic achievement. (In the United States, can include secondary schools.) [from 14th c.]
degré grade
(geometry) A unit of measurement of angle equal to 1⁄360 of a circle's circumference. [from 14th c.]
(physics) A unit of measurement of temperature on any of several scales, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit. [from 18th c.]
(graph theory) The number of edges that a vertex takes part in; a valency.
The amount that an entity possesses a certain property; relative intensity, extent. [from 14th c.]
degré ordre
(algebra) The sum of the exponents of a term; the order of a polynomial. [from 18th c.]

degree Celsius degrees Celsius n
degré Celsius
A metric unit of temperature, a derived unit of the International System of Units. Symbol: °C

degree of freedom degrees of freedom n
degré de liberté
(physics) Any of the coordinates, a minimum number of which are needed to specify the motion of a mechanical system.

degrowth degrowths n
décroissance
A negative growth (i.e. a reduction) of an economy or a population

degu degus n
dègue du Chili octodon
Any species of the genus Octodon, especially Octodon degus, a small, caviomorph rodent native to Chile.

dehisce /dɪˈhɪs/ v
déhiscer
(intransitive, botany) To burst or split open at definite places, discharging seeds, pollen or similar content.

dehiscence /dɪˈhɪsəns/ dehiscences n
déhiscence
(botany) Opening of an organ by its own means (such as an anther or a seed pod) to release its contents.
(medicine) A rupture, as with a surgical wound opening up, often with a flow of serous fluid.

dehiscent /dɪˈhɪsənt/ more dehiscent most dehiscent adj
déhiscent
(botany) Which dehisces or presents dehiscence

dehumanization /diːˌhjuːmənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ dehumanizations n
déshumanisation
The act or process of dehumanizing.

dehumanize /diːˈhjuːmənaɪz/ v
déshumaniser
To take away humanity; to remove or deny human qualities, characteristics, or attributes; to impersonalize.

dehumidification /diːhjuːˌmɪdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ dehumidifications n
déshumidification

dehumidifier /diːˌhjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ(j)ə(ɹ)/ dehumidifiers n
déshumidificateur
A device for removing the moisture content from air

dehumidify /diːˌhjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ/ v
déshumidifier

dehydrate /diːhaɪdˈɹeɪt/ /diːˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ v
déshydrater
(transitive) To remove water from; to dry up.
(intransitive) To lose water from one's body; to become dehydrated.

dehydrated /diːhaɪdˈɹeɪtəd/ /dəˈhaɪdɹeɪtəd/ [dəˈhaɪd͡ʒɹeɪdəd] more dehydrated most dehydrated adj
déshydraté
From which the water has been removed.
Suffering from dehydration.

dehydration /dihaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ /diːhaɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ dehydrations n
déshydratation
The act or process of removing water from something.
The condition in which water in the body drops below normal levels, usually caused by illness, sweating or by not drinking enough.

dehydro- prefix
déshydro-
(organic chemistry) Used to form the names of compounds that have lost one or more hydrogen atoms, especially those that have lost even numbers of hydrogen atoms to form double bonds

dehydrogenase /diːˌhaɪdˈɹɒdʒəneɪz/ dehydrogenases n
déshydrogénase
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that catalyze the removal of hydrogen (a proton) from biological compounds.

deicidal [deɪ(j)ɪˈsaɪdəɫ] more deicidal most deicidal adj
déicide
Of or pertaining to deicide.

deicide /ˈdeɪ.ə.saɪd/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.saɪd/ /ˈdi.ə.saɪd/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.saɪd/ deicides n
déicide
The killing of a deity; godslaughter.
The killer of a deity.
(Christianity, theology) The crucifixion of Jesus, viewed as a crime.

deictic /ˈdaɪktɪk/ /ˈdeɪktɪk/ more deictic most deictic adj
déictique
(grammar) Of or pertaining to deixis; to a word whose meaning is dependent on context.

deification deifications n
déification
The act of deifying; exaltation to divine honors; apotheosis.

deify /ˈdeɪ.ə.faɪ/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈdiː.ə.faɪ/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.faɪ/ v
déifier
(transitive) To make a god of (something or someone).

deign /deɪn/ v
daigner condescendre
(transitive) To condescend to give; to do something.

deindustrialization deindustrializations n
désindustrialisation

deindustrialize v
désindustrialiser

deinterlace /diːˈɪntəleɪs/ v
désentrelacer
(film, transitive) To convert (video footage) into a non-interlaced format; to remove one field from each video frame.

deism /ˈdeɪ-/ /ˈdiːɪz(ə)m/ deisms n
déisme
A philosophical belief in the existence of a god (or goddess) knowable through human reason; especially, a belief in a creator god unaccompanied by any belief in supernatural phenomena or specific religious doctrines.

deist /ˈdeɪ.ɪst/ /ˈdiː.ɪst/ more deist most deist adj
déiste
(religion) of or relating to deism.

deist /ˈdeɪ.ɪst/ /ˈdiː.ɪst/ deists n
déiste
(religion) a person who believes in deism.

deity /ˈdeɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈdeɪ.ɪ.tɪ/ /ˈdi.ə.ti/ /ˈdiː.ɪ.tɪ/ [ˈdeɪ̯-] [ˈdeɪ̯.ə.ɾi] [ˈdi.ə.ɾi] deities n
déité divinité

deixis /ˈdaɪksɪs/ /ˈdeɪksɪs/ deixes n
deixis déixis
(linguistics) The use of a word, such as a pronoun, to refer to something that must be identified from the wider context; a word used in such a way.

dejecta /diˈd͡ʒɛk.tə/ /dɪˈdʒɛk.tə/ /dɪˈd͡ʒɛk.tə/ n
déjection
(medicine, zoology) any liquid or solid waste matter that is emanated, shed or discharged from the body. Dejecta include urine, faeces, sputum, pus, mucus, skin sloughing, lochia; their discharge can be nasal, aural, by expectoration, urethral, vaginal and so on.

dejected /dɪˈdʒɛktəd/ more dejected most dejected adj
abattu découragé déprimé
Sad and dispirited.

dejection /dəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ /dɪˈdʒɛkʃən/ dejections n
abattement
A state of melancholy or depression; low spirits, the blues.

dejudicialization n
déjudiciarisation

dejudicialize v
déjudiciariser
(transitive) To make no longer judicial.

dekulakization dekulakizations n
dékoulakisation
(historical) The communist repression of the kulaks (prosperous peasants and farmers) in the Soviet Union and communistic Eastern Europe.

dekulakize /dɪˈkulæˌkaɪz/ /dɪˈkuːlækaɪz/ v
dékoulakiser
(transitive, historical) Usually with reference to the Soviet Union and communist Eastern Europe: to dispossess a kulak (that is, a prosperous peasant) of his or her property and/or rights. [from 20th c.]

delation /diˈleɪʃn̩/ /dɪˈleɪʃn̩/ delations n
délation
(legal) An accusation or charge brought against someone, especially by an informer; the act of accusing someone.

delative case delative cases n
délatif
(grammar) case used to indicate movement from an object. In English, this is usually expressed by the prepositions from or off of, as in "down off of the house." Hungarian is a language that uses the delative case, see -ról.

delay /dəˈleɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈleɪ/ delays n
retard délai
A period of time before an event occurs; the act of delaying; procrastination; lingering inactivity.

delay /dəˈleɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈleɪ/ v
retarder
(ambitransitive) To put off until a later time; to defer.

delayed-onset muscle soreness n
courbature
(medicine) The pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed or strenuous exercise.

delectable /dɪˈlɛktəbəl/ [dɪˈlɛktəbəɫ] more delectable most delectable adj
délicieux savoureux
Highly pleasing; delightful, especially to any of the senses; delicious.

delectable /dɪˈlɛktəbəl/ [dɪˈlɛktəbəɫ] delectables n
délice
Something that is delectable.

delegate /ˈdɛlɪɡət/ /ˈdɛlɪˌɡeɪt/ delegates n
délégué déléguée
A person authorized to act as representative for another; a deputy.
(US) An appointed representative in some legislative bodies.

delegate /ˈdɛlɪɡət/ /ˈdɛlɪˌɡeɪt/ v
déléguer
(transitive) To commit (a task or responsibility) to someone, especially a subordinate.
(computing, Internet, transitive) (of a subdomain) To give away authority over a subdomain; to allow someone else to create sub-subdomains of a subdomain of one's own.

delegation /dɛlɪˈɡeɪʃən/ delegations n
délégation
(legal) The act whereby or constellation in which the performance of an obligation (owed to an obligee, presuming its validity; irrespective of the obligation as the target of the delegation, rarely called delegatary) is assigned by its debtor (delegator, obligor) to and towards another party (delegatee, delegate)

delegitimization delegitimizations n
délégitimation
The act or process of delegitimizing.

delegitimize v
délégitimer

delete /diˈliːt/ /dəˈliːt/ /dɪˈliːt/ v
supprimer
To remove, get rid of or erase, especially written or printed material, or data on a computer or other device. [from 1600s]

deleterious /ˌdɛləˈtɪɹi.əs/ /ˌdɛlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɪəɹi.əs/ more deleterious most deleterious adj
délétère
Harmful, often in a subtle or unexpected way.

deletion /dɪˈliːʃən/ deletions n
suppression
The act of deleting. [c. 1600]
cassure chromosomique délétion
(genetics) A mutation in which a gene, or other section of DNA, is removed from a chromosome.

deleverage v
désendetter
(finance) To reduce debt by rapidly selling assets.

deliberate /dəˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dəˈlɪbəɹət/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹət/ more deliberate most deliberate adj
délibéré
Done on purpose; intentional.
Not hasty or sudden; slow.
concerté
Formed with deliberation; carefully considered; not sudden or rash.

deliberate /dəˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dəˈlɪbəɹət/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ /dɪˈlɪbəɹət/ v
délibérer
(transitive) To consider carefully; to weigh well in the mind.

deliberately /dəˈlɪb(ə)ɹətli/ /dɪˈlɪb(ə)ɹətli/ more deliberately most deliberately adv
délibérément
exprès délibérément
Intentionally, or after deliberation; not accidentally.

delicacy /ˈdɛlɪkəsi/ delicacies n
délicatesse
The quality of being delicate.
gourmandise
Something appealing, usually a pleasing food, especially a choice dish of a certain culture suggesting rarity and refinement.

delicate /ˈdɛlɪkət/ more delicate most delicate adj
délicat
Easily damaged or requiring careful handling.
Refined; gentle; scrupulous not to trespass or offend; considerate; said of manners, conduct, or feelings.

delicately /ˈdɛlɪkətli/ more delicately most delicately adv
délicatement
In a delicate manner; exquisitely.

delicateness n
délicatesse
the characteristic of being delicate; fragility

delicatessen /ˌdɛlɪkəˈtɛsən/ delicatessens n
épicerie fine traiteur
A shop that sells cooked or prepared foods ready for serving.

delicious /diˈlɪʃəs/ /dəˈlɪʃəs/ /dɪˈlɪʃəs/ more delicious most delicious adj
délicieux savoureux gouteux goutu
(colloquial, figurative) Pleasing to a person's taste; pleasing to the eyes or mind.

delight /dəˈlaɪt/ /dɪˈlaɪt/ delights n
délice joie plaisir
Joy; pleasure.

delight /dəˈlaɪt/ /dɪˈlaɪt/ v
enchanter ravir
To give delight to; to affect with great pleasure; to please highly.

delighted /dɪˈlaɪtɪd/ more delighted most delighted adj
ravi
Greatly pleased.
Filled with wonder and delight.

delightful /dəˈlaɪt.fəl/ more delightful most delightful adj
délicieux
Pleasant; pleasing, bringing enjoyment, satisfaction, or pleasure.

delineate /dɪˈlɪniːeɪt/ v
délimiter
délinéer
To sketch out, draw or trace an outline.
décrire
To describe or depict with words or gestures.

delineation /diːlɪniˈeɪʃən/ delineations n
délimitation
ébauche
(arts) An image of the outline of an object.

delinquent /dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/ delinquents n
délinquant
One who disobeys or breaks rules or laws, or who acts against another's wishes.

deliquescence deliquescences n
déliquescence
The condition of being deliquescent.

delirium /dɪˈlɪ.ɹi.əm/ /dɪˈlɪɹ.i.əm/ deliria deliriums n
délire
(symptom) A temporary mental state with a sudden onset, usually reversible, including symptoms of confusion, inability to concentrate, disorientation, anxiety, and sometimes hallucinations. Causes can include dehydration, drug intoxication, and severe infection.

deliver /dɪˈlɪvə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈlɪvɚ/ v
délivrer
To set free from restraint or danger.
accoucher
To give birth to.
livrer tenir parole tenir ses promesses
To bring or transport something to its destination.
livrer remettre
To hand over or surrender (someone or something) to another.
accoucher tenir parole tenir ses promesses
To give forth in action or exercise; to discharge.

deliver the goods v
livrer la marchandise
(idiomatic, informal) To do what was promised or expected.

deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/ more deliverable most deliverable adj
livrable
Able to be delivered.

deliverable /dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/ deliverables n
livrable
(business, management) The tangible end product; that which will be delivered.

deliverance /dɪˈlɪvɹəns/ deliverances n
délivrance
The act of delivering or conveying something.

delivery /dɪˈlɪv(ə)ɹi/ deliveries n
livraison
The act of conveying something.
The item which has been conveyed.
accouchement naissance parturition
The act of giving birth
débit élocution
The manner of speaking.
administration
(medicine) The administration of a drug.

delivery room delivery rooms n
salle d'accouchement
(medicine) An operating theatre or similar room in a hospital or other medical facility, furnished with suitable equipment and staffed by physicians, surgeons, or other medical workers, for the purpose of assisting mothers with the births of their babies.

deliveryman deliverymen n
livreur
Someone employed to make deliveries.

delouse v
épouiller
To remove lice from.

delphinula delphinulas n
delphinule

delta /ˈdɛltə/ [ˈdɛɫtə] deltas n
delta
The fourth letter of the modern Greek alphabet Δ, δ.
A landform at the mouth of a river where it empties into a body of water.
(mathematics, physics, engineering) The symbol Δ; A change in a quantity, likely from "d" for "difference".

deltiology /ˌdɛltɪˈɒlədʒɪ/ n
deltiologie
The study and collection of postcards.

deltoid /ˈdɛɫtɔɪd/ adj
deltoïde
Of or pertaining to the deltoid muscle.

deltoid /ˈdɛɫtɔɪd/ deltoids n
deltoïde
(anatomy) The deltoid muscle, a triangular muscle on the human shoulder.

delude /dəˈluːd/ /dɪˈljuːd/ /dɪˈluːd/ v
tromper tricher
(transitive) To deceive into believing something which is false; to lead into error; to dupe.

deluge /dəˈlud͡ʒ/ /ˈdi.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛ.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.jud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.juːdʒ/ deluges n
déluge
A great flood or rain.
déluge avalanche
An overwhelming amount of something; anything that overwhelms or causes great destruction.

deluge /dəˈlud͡ʒ/ /ˈdi.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛ.lud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.jud͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛl.juːdʒ/ v
inonder
(transitive) To flood with water.
(transitive) To overwhelm.

delusion /dɪˈl(j)uːzjən/ /dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ delusions n
illusion délire
The state of being deluded or misled, or process of deluding somebody.

delusion of grandeur delusions of grandeur n
folie des grandeurs mégalomanie
(usually, in the plural) The false belief that one is important or powerful, accompanying certain mental disorders.

delusional /dɪˈluːʒənəl/ more delusional most delusional adj
délirant
Suffering from delusions; having false or faulty beliefs.

deluxe /diˈlʌks/ /dəˈlʌks/ /dɪˈlʌks/ deluxer deluxest more deluxe most deluxe adj
de luxe
Very fine in quality or luxurious.

delve /dɛlv/ v
creuser
(intransitive) To dig into the ground, especially with a shovel.
fouiller
(ambitransitive) To search thoroughly and carefully for information, research, dig into, penetrate, fathom, trace out

demagnetize v
démagnétiser
(transitive) To make something nonmagnetic by removing its magnetic properties.

demagnetized more demagnetized most demagnetized adj
démagnétisé
From which all magnetism has been removed.

demagogic more demagogic most demagogic adj
démagogique
of or pertaining to demagogy or a demagogue.

demagogism n
démagogie
The practices and principles of a demagogue; a pandering to the multitude for selfish ends.

demagogue /ˈdɛməɡɑɡ/ /ˈdɛməɡɒɡ/ /ˈdɛməɡɔɡ/ demagogues n
démagogue
(pejorative) A political orator or leader, especially in a democratic system, who gains favor by pandering to or exciting the passions and prejudices of the audience rather than by using rational argument.
(historical) A leader of the people.

demagoguery demagogueries n
démagogie
Rhetoric that appeals to the prejudices of the people.

demagogy demagogies n
démagogie
demagogism

demand /dəˈmænd/ /dɪˈmænd/ /dɪˈmɑːnd/ demands n
demande
The desire to purchase goods and services.
(economics) The amount of a good or service that consumers are willing to buy at a particular price.
exigence
An order.

demand /dəˈmænd/ /dɪˈmænd/ /dɪˈmɑːnd/ v
exiger
To request forcefully.

demand deposit demand deposits n
dépôt à vue
(banking) A bank deposit that may be withdrawn without notice.

demanding /dəˈmændɪŋ/ /dɪˈmɑːndɪŋ/ more demanding most demanding adj
exigeant éprouvant
Requiring much endurance, strength, or patience.
exigeant
Making great demands in terms of quality, quantity, accuracy or other criteria; difficult to satisfy.

demarcation /ˌdi.mɑɹˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdiː.maːˈkæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdiː.mɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdɛm.ɑɹˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdɛm.ɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/ demarcations n
démarcation
The act of marking off a boundary or setting a limit, notably by belligerents signing a treaty or ceasefire.
A limit thus fixed, in full demarcation line.

demarketing n
démarketing
Marketing where the goal is reducing the demand for goods or services.

dematerialize /ˌdi.məˈtɪɹ.i.ə.laɪz/ /ˌdiː.məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə.laɪz/ v
dématérialiser
(intransitive) To disappear by becoming immaterial.
(transitive) To cause something to disappear by making it immaterial.

deme /diːm/ demes n
dème
A township or other subdivision of ancient Attica.

demeaning more demeaning most demeaning adj
avilissant dégradant
degrading; that degrades

demeanor /dɪˈminɚ/ /dɪˈmiːnə(ɹ)/ demeanors n
comportement conduite
(American spelling) The social, non-verbal behaviours (such as body language and facial expressions) that are characteristic of a person.

demented /dɪˈmɛntɪd/ more demented most demented adj
dément
Insane; mentally ill.

dementia /dɪˈmɛnʃə/ dementiae dementias n
démence
(pathology) A progressive decline in cognitive function due to damage or disease in the brain beyond what might be expected from normal aging. Areas particularly affected include memory, attention, judgement, language and problem solving.
Madness or insanity.

demerit /dɪˈmɛɹɪt/ demerits n
démérite blâme
A mark given for bad conduct to a person attending an educational institution or serving in the army.

demersal more demersal most demersal adj
démersal
(biology) That lives near the bottom of a body of water.
Taking place near the bottom of a body of water.

demetallize v
démétalliser
(transitive) To remove traces of metal from (a material or a surface), especially from a material that has been subjected to a metal-based catalysis.

demi- prefix
demi-
half

demiboy demiboys n
demi-gars demi-garçon demi-homme demiboy

demigender adj
demigenre

demigirl demigirls n
demigirl

demigod /ˈdɛmiɡɑd/ /ˈdɛmiɡɒd/ demigods n
demi-dieu
A half-god or hero; the offspring of a deity and a mortal.

demijohn /ˈdɛmɪdʒɒn/ demijohns n
dame-jeanne tourie
A large bottle with a short neck, sometimes with two small handles at the neck, sometimes encased in wickerwork.

demilitarisation demilitarisations n
démilitarisation
The removal of a military force, usually at the end of hostilities or as part of a treaty.

demilitarize /dɪˈmɪlɪtəɹaɪz/ v
démilitariser
To remove troops from an area.

demilitarized zone demilitarized zones n
zone démilitarisée
(military) An area, often on a border between military factions, in which military forces and operations are prohibited. (This sense is a translation hub.)

demimonde /ˈdɛmiˌmɑnd/ /ˈdɛmiːmɒnd/ demimondes n
demi-monde
(chiefly, historical, _, (19th-century France)) A class of women maintained by wealthy protectors; female courtesans or prostitutes as a group.

demine v
déminer
(transitive) To remove explosive mines (landmines or naval mines) from.

deminer deminers n
démineur
One who removes explosive mines.

demise /dɪˈmaɪz/ demises n
transfert
(legal) The conveyance or transfer of an estate, either in fee for life or for years, most commonly the latter.
chute disparition fin transfert transmission échec
Transmission by formal act or conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; especially, the transfer or transmission of the crown or royal authority to a successor.
mort
(countable) Death.

demisemiquaver /dɛmɪˈsɛmɪkweɪvə(ɹ)/ demisemiquavers n
triple-croche
(music) A thirty-second note, drawn as a crotchet with three tails.

demitasse /ˈdɛmɪtæs/ demitasses n
demi-tasse
A small cup of strong black coffee.

demiurge /ˈdiː-/ /ˈdɛ.miˌɚd͡ʒ/ /ˈdɛ.mɪ.ɜːdʒ/ demiurges n
démiurge
(Platonic, _, philosophy) The (usually benevolent) being that created the universe out of primal matter.

demiurgically adv
démiurgiquement

demo /ˈdɛm.oʊ/ /ˈdɛm.əʊ/ demos n
démo démonstration
(informal) A demonstration or visual explanation.
démo
(informal) A recording of a song meant to demonstrate its overall sound for the purpose of getting it published or recorded more fully.
(informal) An example of a product used for demonstration and then sold at a discount.
démonstration manif
(informal) A march or gathering to make a political protest.

demo- prefix
démo-
people or society

demobilization /diːˌməʊbɪlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ demobilizations n
démobilisation
The disorganization or disarming of troops which have previously been mobilized or called into active service; the change from a war footing to a peace footing; the act of demobilizing.

demobilize /diːˈməʊbɪlaɪz/ v
démobilier
To release someone from military duty, especially after a war.

democide /ˈdɛməsaɪd/ democides n
démocide

democracy /dɪˈmɑ.kɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɒk.ɹə.si/ /dɪˈmɔk.ɹə.si/ democracies n
démocratie
(uncountable) Rule by the people, especially as a form of government; either directly or through elected representatives (representative democracy).
(countable, government) A government under the direct or representative rule of the people of its jurisdiction.

democrat /ˈdɛməkɹæt/ democrats n
démocrate
A supporter of democracy; an advocate of democratic politics (originally (historical) as opposed to the aristocrats in Revolutionary France).

democratic /ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk/ [-ɾɪk] more democratic most democratic adj
démocratique
Pertaining to democracy; constructed upon or in line with the principle of government chosen by the people.

democratic centralism n
centralisme démocratique
A set of principles of internal organization, mainly associated with Leninism, in which political decisions reached by voting are binding upon all members of the party.

democratic socialism democratic socialisms n
socialisme démocratique
Any form of socialism based on democratic principles and institutions.

democratically /dɛməˈkɹætɪkəli/ more democratically most democratically adv
démocratiquement
In a democratic way.

democratism democratisms n
démocratisme
The principles or spirit of a democracy; the ideology of democracy.

democratist adj
démocratiste
Relating to, or supporting, democratism.

democratization democratizations n
démocratisation
The introduction of democracy, its functions or principles, to an area or country which did not have democracy previously.

democratize /dɪˈmɒkɹətaɪz/ v
démocratiser
(transitive) To make democratic.

demodulator /dɪˈmɒdʃəleɪtə(ɹ)/ demodulators n
démodulateur
Any device that demodulates a signal

demogeron demogerons demogerontes n
démogéronte
Member of a demogerontia.

demogerontia demogerontias n
démogérontie
(historical) A local government in Greece.

demographer /dɪˈmɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ demographers n
démographe
a person who studies demography

demographic /ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/ more demographic most demographic adj
démographique
Of or pertaining to demography.

demography /dɪˈmɒɡɹəfi/ demographies n
démographie
The study of the characteristics of human populations, especially with regards to their makeup and fluctuations and the social causes behind these.

demoiselle crane [dɛməˈzɛɫ kɹeɪn] demoiselle cranes n
grue demoiselle
A crane, Grus virgo (syn. Anthropoides virgo), found in central Asia, 85-100 centimeters long with a loud trumpeting call.

demolish /dəˈmɒl.ɪʃ/ v
démolir
(literally) To destroy (buildings, etc.), especially in a planned or intentional fashion.

demolition /ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/ [ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.n̩] demolitions n
démolition
The process of demolishing or destroying buildings or other structures.

demolition derby demolition derbies n
derby de démolition
(chiefly, US) a competition in which contestants crash old cars into each other, the last vehicle surviving being the winner.

demon /ˈdiː.mən/ demons n
diable démon
(now, chiefly, historical) A false god or idol; a Satanic divinity. [from 10th c.]
démon
An evil spirit resident in or working for Hell; a devil. [from 10th c.]

demonetization /diˌmɑn.ə.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /diːˌmʊnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /diːˌmʌnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˈdi.mɑn.ə.taɪˌzeɪ.ʃən/ demonetizations n
démonétisation
The act or process of demonetizing.

demonetize /diˈmɑnətaɪz/ /diːˈmʊnətaɪz/ /diːˈmʌnətaɪz/ v
démonétiser
(Internet, transitive) To demote (published content, or its creator) so that it is no longer eligible to earn money for its publisher.

demonic /dɪˈmɒnɪk/ more demonic most demonic adj
démoniaque
Pertaining to demons or evil spirits; demoniac.

demonically more demonically most demonically adv
démoniaquement
In a demonic way.

demonization demonizations n
diabolisation démonisation
The act of demonizing.

demonize /ˈdiːmənaɪz/ v
diaboliser démoniser
To turn into a demon.
diaboliser
To describe or represent as evil or diabolic, usually falsely.

demonologist demonologists n
démonologue
An expert in the study of demonology.

demonology /ˌdiːməˈnɑːləd͡ʒi/ /ˌdiːməˈnɒlədʒi/ demonologies n
démonologie
The study of demons, especially the incantations required to summon and control them.

demonstrable /dɪˈmɑnstɹəbl̩/ /ˈdɛmənstɹəbl̩/ more demonstrable most demonstrable adj
démontrable
Able to be demonstrated.

demonstrably more demonstrably most demonstrably adv
démontrablement
In such a manner that is capable of being demonstrated, shown, or proved.

demonstrate /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪt/ v
démontrer manifester
(transitive) to show how to use (something).
manifester démontrer
(intransitive) to participate in or organize a demonstration.

demonstration /dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/ demonstrations n
démonstration manifestation
The act of demonstrating; showing or explaining something.
An event at which something will be demonstrated.
manifestation démonstration
A public display of group opinion, such as a protest march.
démonstration
(mathematics, philosophy) A proof.

demonstrative /dəˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɑnstɹətɪv/ /dɪˈmɒnstɹətɪv/ /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtɪv/ more demonstrative most demonstrative adj
démonstratif
that serves to demonstrate, show or prove
(grammar) that specifies the thing or person referred to

demonstrative adjective demonstrative adjectives n
adjectif démonstratif
An adjective that points out which person, object or concept is being referred to; whether it is singular or plural; and whether it is near or far from the speaker or writer.

demonstrative pronoun demonstrative pronouns n
pronom démonstratif
(grammar) a pronoun that replaces a noun whose identity can be understood from the context; it indicates whether the noun is singular or plural, and whether it is near or far from the speaker or writer

demonstrator /ˈdɛmənstɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ demonstrators n
manifestant manifestante
One who takes part in a demonstration; a protester.
One who demonstrates products in a retail environment; a merchandiser.

demonym /ˈdɛmənɪm/ demonyms n
gentilé démonyme ethnonyme
A name for an inhabitant or native of a specific place, usually derived from the name of the place.

demoralize /dɪˈmɒɹəlaɪz/ v
démoraliser
To destroy the morale of; to dishearten.

demoscene /ˈdɛməʊˌsiːn/ demoscenes n
scène démo
(computing) The informal computer art subculture that produces and watches demos (audiovisual computer programs).

demote /dɪˈmoʊt/ /dɪˈməʊt/ v
dégrader rétrograder
(transitive) To lower the rank or status of.
reléguer au second plan
(transitive) To relegate.

demotic /dɪˈmɑ.tɪk/ /dɪˈmɒt.ɪk/ adj
démotique
Of, relating to, or written in the ancient Egyptian script that developed from Lower Egyptian hieratic writing starting from around 650 BCE and was chiefly used to write the Demotic phase of the Egyptian language, with simplified and cursive characters that no longer corresponded directly to their hieroglyphic precursors.
Of, relating to, or written in the form of modern vernacular Greek.

demotion demotions n
dégradation
An act of demoting; a lowering of rank or status.

demotivate /ˌdiːˈmoʊtɪveɪt/ /ˌdiːˈməʊtɪveɪt/ v
démotiver
To decrease the motivation of a person or a group.

demotivating adj
démotivant

demotivation demotivations n
démotivation
A feeling or state of being demotivated.

demountable more demountable most demountable adj
démontable
Able to be removed from its mount; designed to be dismantled.

demousing demousings n
désourisation
The removal of mice

demure /dɪˈmjʊə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈmjʊɹ/ demurer demurest adj
réservé discret sobre sérieux
(usually, of women) Quiet, modest, reserved, sober, or serious.

demurrage demurrages n
surestarie
(shipping) the detention of a ship or other freight vehicle, during delayed loading or unloading
compensation paid for such detention

demyelinate /diːˈmaɪ(j)əlɪneɪt/ v
démyéliniser
(pathology) To remove the myelin sheath from a nerve

demyelination demyelinations n
démyélinisation
(biology, medicine) The removal of the myelin sheath from a nerve fibre, usually as a result of disease causing myelinolysis.

demystification demystifications n
démystification
The removal of mystery or confusion surrounding a topic or idea.

demystify /diːˈmɪstɪfaɪ/ v
démythifier démystifier
(transitive) To remove the mystery from something; to explain or clarify.

demythologization demythologizations n
démythologisation
The removal of mythological elements from something, especially from religious writing.
Something from which such elements have been removed.

den /dɛn/ /dɪn/ dens n
antre salon tanière repaire
A small cavern or hollow place in the side of a hill, or among rocks; especially, a cave used by a wild animal for shelter or concealment.
antre tanière repaire
A group of Cub Scouts of the same age who work on projects together.

denarius /dɪˈnɑɹi.əs/ /dɪˈnɑːɹɪ.əs/ /dɪˈnɛəɹɪ.əs/ /dɪˈnɛɚ.i.əs/ /dɪˈnɛɹi.əs/ denarii denariuses n
denier
(Ancient Rome, numismatics) A small silver coin issued both during the Roman Republic and during the Roman Empire, equal to 10 asses or 4 sesterces.

denationalize /diːˈnæʃ(ə)nəlaɪz/ v
dénationaliser
(transitive) To transfer the control and ownership of an industry from government to private hands; to privatize.

denature /diːˈneɪtjə(ɹ)/ /diːˈneɪtʃə(ɹ)/ v
dénaturer
(transitive, intransitive, biochemistry) To alter its original form or state, especially of a protein, by heat, acidity etc.

denatured alcohol denatured alcohols n
alcool dénaturé
(US) Reasonably pure ethyl alcohol for industrial purposes that has been made unfit for consumption by the addition of a poisonous substance such as acetone or methyl alcohol

denazification denazifications n
dénazification
The process of the removal of Nazis from public office and positions of responsibility in Germany and Austria after World War II.

denazify v
dénazifier
(transitive) To free from Nazi influence.

dendrite /ˈdɛndɹaɪt/ dendrites n
dendrite
(cytology) A slender projection of a nerve cell which conducts nerve impulses from a synapse to the body of the cell; a dendron.

dendritic /dɛndˈɹɪtɪk/ more dendritic most dendritic adj
dendritique
Of, pertaining to or possessing dendrites.

dendrochronologist dendrochronologists n
dendrochronologue
One who carries out dendrochronology.

dendrochronology n
dendrochronologie
(biology, archaeology) The science that uses the spacing between the annual growth rings of trees to date their exact year of formation.

dendrograph dendrographs n
dendrographe
An instrument for measuring the growth of trees.

dendrolatry /dɛnˈdɹɒlətɹɪ/ n
dendrolâtrie
The worship of trees.

dendrology /dɛndˈɹɑlədʒi/ /dɛndˈɹɒlədʒi/ n
dendrologie
the study of trees and other woody plants

dendromancy /ˈdɛndɹəmænsi/ n
dendromancie
Divination by leaves and branches of plants and trees. Especially oak and mistletoe.

dendrometer /dɛndˈɹɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ dendrometers n
dendromètre
A device for measuring the height or diameter of trees.

dendrometry /dɛndˈɹɒmɪtɹi/ n
dendrométrie
The measurement of the height or diameter of trees.

dengue /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ/ /ˈdɛŋɡi/ /ˈɖɛŋɡi/ /ˈɖɛŋɡu/ /ˈɖɛŋɡɛ/ dengues n
dengue
An acute febrile disease of the (sub)tropics caused by the Dengue virus, a flavivirus, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and characterized by high fever, rash, headache, and severe muscle and joint pain.

dengue fever /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvə/ /ˈdɛŋɡeɪ ˈfiːvɚ/ /ˈdɛŋɡiː ˈfiːvɚ/ n
dengue
An acute febrile and sometimes hemorrhagic disease endemic to the tropics, caused by varieties of the species Dengue virus, and primarily transmitted to humans from mosquitoes, though human-to-human transmission is also well documented.

denial /dɪˈnaɪ.əl/ denials n
négation
An assertion of untruth.
dénégation négation
(logic) The negation in logic.
déni rejet
Refusal to believe that a problem exists.
refus
(psychology) A defense mechanism involving a refusal to accept the truth of a phenomenon or prospect.

denial of pregnancy n
déni de grossesse
(medicine, psychology) A condition whereby a pregnant woman refuses to accept or recognise her pregnancy.

denial-of-service attack denial-of-service attacks n
déni de service
(Internet) A type of network computer attack that attempts to render a particular service (e.g. web site) unavailable to its audience.

denialism /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əlɪzəm/ denialisms n
négationnisme dénialisme
The practice of rejecting propositions which are strongly supported by scientific or historical evidence, and often of seeking to influence policy processes and outcomes accordingly.

denialist /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əlɪst/ more denialist most denialist adj
négationniste
Relating to denial in a controversial debate.

denialist /dɪˈnaɪ(j)əlɪst/ denialists n
négationniste
(derogatory) One who denies an assertion in a controversial debate.

denier /dəˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛnjə(ɹ)/ deniers n
denier
(now, _, historical) An old French coin worth one-twelfth of a sou.
A unit of linear density which indicates the fineness of fiber or yarn, equal to one gram per 9000 meters, used especially to measure or indicate the fineness of hosiery. Originally equal to the weight of a denier coin per 9600 aunes.

denigrate /ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ v
dénigrer médire
(transitive) To criticise so as to besmirch; traduce, disparage or defame.
dénigrer déprécier rabaisser
(transitive) To treat as worthless; belittle, degrade or disparage.
noircir
(rare) To blacken.

denim /ˈdɛnɪm/ denims n
denim
A textile often made of cotton with a distinct diagonal pattern.

denizen /ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/ denizens n
habitué citoyen habitant résident
An inhabitant of a place; one who dwells in a certain place.

denoising n
débruitage

denominal adj
dénominal

denominal denominals n
dénominal
(grammar, linguistics) A denominative: a word, often a verb, that is derived from a noun or adjective.

denomination /dɪˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ denominations n
dénomination
(uncountable) The act of naming or designating.
(countable, religion) A class, or society of individuals, called by the same name; a subdivision of a religion.
désignation dénomination
(countable) That by which anything is denominated or styled; an epithet; a name, designation, or title; especially, a general name indicating a class of like individuals.

denominational adj
confessionnel
Of or pertaining to a denomination.

denominative adj
dénominal

denominative denominatives n
dénominal
A word, often a verb, that is derived from a noun or adjective.

denominator /dɪˈnɒmɪneɪtə(ɹ)/ denominators n
dénominateur
(arithmetic) The number or expression written below the line in a fraction (such as 2 in ½).

denormalization n
dénormalisation
The act or process of denormalizing.

denotatum denotata n
dénotatum
(linguistics, philosophy) Something that is denoted; a referent.

denote /dɪˈnoʊt/ /dɪˈnəʊt/ v
dénoter indiquer marquer
(transitive) To indicate; to mark.
dénoter signifier
(transitive) To refer to literally; to convey as meaning.

denounce /diˈnaʊns/ /dəˈnaʊns/ v
dénoncer
(transitive) To criticize or speak out against (someone or something); to point out as deserving of reprehension, etc.; to openly accuse or condemn in a threatening manner; to invoke censure upon; to stigmatize; to blame.
(transitive) To announce the termination of; especially a treaty or armistice.
balancer dénoncer
(transitive) To make a formal or public accusation against; to inform against; to accuse.

dense /dɛns/ denser densest adj
dense
Having relatively high density.
obscur
Obscure, or difficult to understand.
bouché
Slow to comprehend; of low intelligence. (of a person)

densimetry n
densimétrie
(physics) The measurement of density by means of a densimeter.

density /ˈdɛn.sə.ti/ /ˈdɛn.sɪ.ti/ [ˈdɛn.sə.ɾi] densities n
densité masse volumique
(physics) A measure of the mass of matter contained by a unit volume.
The ratio of one quantity, representing something of interest, to another quantity representing space, area, or extent in which the thing of interest is distributed.
(mathematics, statistics) The probability that an outcome will fall into a given range, per unit of that range; the relative likelihood of possible values of a continuous random variable.

dent /dɛnt/ dents n
bosse
A shallow deformation in the surface of an object, produced by an impact.

dent /dɛnt/ v
cabosser
(transitive) To impact something, producing a dent.
(intransitive) To develop a dent or dents.

dental /ˈdɛn.tl̩/ /ˈdɛn.təl/ [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)əɫ] [ˈdɛn.(ɾ)ɫ̩] [ˈdɛn.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.əɫ] [ˈdɛɾ̃.ɫ̩] more dental most dental adj
dentaire
(dentistry, relational) Of or concerning dentistry.
dentaire dental
(phonetics) Made with the tip of the tongue touching the upper front teeth or the alveolar ridge.

dental calculus n
tartre
A hard crust of calcium salts and food particles on the teeth, developing from plaque.

dental caries n
carie dentaire carie
A disease of the teeth resulting in damage to tooth structure.

dental floss dental flosses n
fil dentaire soie dentaire
A cord of thin filaments used to clean the gaps between the teeth.

dental hygienist dental hygienists n
hygiéniste dentaire
A licensed dental professional who specializes in preventive oral health, typically focusing on techniques in oral hygiene.

dentate /ˈdɛnteɪt/ more dentate most dentate adj
dentelé denté
Having teeth or toothlike projections; serrated, toothed.

denticity denticities n
denticité
(chemistry) The number of donor groups from a ligand to the central atom of a coordination compound

denticulate adj
denticulé
(architecture) Having dentils or denticules.

dentifrice dentifrices n
dentifrice
Toothpaste or any other substance, such as powder, for cleaning the teeth.

dentil dentils n
denticule
(architectural element) Any one of a series of small rectangular blocks projecting like teeth from a molding or beneath a cornice.

dentin dentins n
dentine
The hard, dense calcareous material that makes up the bulk of a tooth.

dentist /ˈdɛntɪst/ dentists n
dentiste
A medical doctor who specializes in teeth.

dentistry /ˈdɛntɪstɹi/ dentistries n
odontologie dentisterie
(uncountable) The field of medicine concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions of the teeth and oral cavity.

dentition /dɛnˈtɪʃən/ dentitions n
dentition
The set of natural teeth of an individual

denture /ˈdɛntjə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛntʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛnt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ dentures n
dentier
denture dentition prothèse dentaire
A set of teeth, the teeth viewed as a unit.

denuclearization denuclearizations n
dénucléarisation
The act or process of denuclearizing.

denuclearize /diːˈn(j)uːkliəˌɹaɪz/ v
dénucléariser
(transitive) To ban, remove or reduce the numbers of nuclear weapons in an area.

deny /dəˈnaɪ/ /dɪ-/ /dɪˈnaɪ/ v
nier démentir
(transitive) To assert that something is not true.
refuser
To disclaim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to refuse to acknowledge; to disown; to abjure; to disavow.

deoccupation n
désoccupation
Cessation of occupation (occupying) of a place.

deoccupy v
désoccuper
To remove an occupation from (a place).

deodorant /diˈoʊdəɹənt/ /diˈəʊdəɹənt/ deodorants n
déodorant
An odor-controlling substance applied to the underarm to counteract odor from perspiration.
Any agent acting to eliminate, reduce, mask, or control odor.

deontic /diːˈɒntɪk/ more deontic most deontic adj
déontique
(ethics, linguistics) Pertaining to necessity, duty or obligation, or expressions conveying this.

deontological more deontological most deontological adj
déontologique
(ethics, philosophy) Of or relating to deontology.

deontology /ˌdiːɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ deontologies n
déontologie
(ethics) The normative ethical position that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules or obligations rather than either the inherent goodness or the consequences of those actions. [from 1930]

deoxygenate /diˈɒksɪdʒɪneɪt/ v
désoxygéner
(transitive, physiology) To remove dissolved oxygen from (something, such as water or blood).

deoxygenation /diˌɒksɪdʒɪˈneɪʃən/ deoxygenations n
désoxygénation
The removal of oxygen atoms or molecules from a material.

deoxyribonucleic /di.ɒk.sɪˌɹaɪ.bəʊ.njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk/ /di.ɔk.siˌɹaɪ.boʊ.nuːˈkleɪ.ɪk/ adj
désoxyribonucléique
(genetics) Of or pertaining to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or its derivatives.

deoxyribonucleic acid n
acide désoxyribonucléique
(biochemistry, genetics) A nucleic acid found in all living things (and some non-living things such as certain viruses) which consists of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix; encoded in its structure are genetic instructions for development, functioning, growth, and reproduction.

deoxyribonucleotide deoxyribonucleotides n
désoxyribonucléotide
(biochemistry, genetics) Any nucleotide containing deoxyribose.

deoxyribose deoxyriboses n
désoxyribose
(carbohydrate) A derivative of the pentose sugar ribose in which the 2' hydroxyl (-OH) is reduced to a hydrogen (H); it is a constituent of the nucleotides that constitute the biopolymer, deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA.

deparasitize v
déparasiter
To remove parasites (from)

depart /dɪˈpɑɹt/ /dɪˈpɑːt/ v
partir dévier s’en aller
(intransitive, figurative) To disappear, vanish; to cease to exist.
dévier
(intransitive) To deviate (from), be different (from), fail to conform.
partir quitter
(transitive) To go away from; to leave.

department /dɪˈpɑɹtmənt/ /dɪˈpɑːtm(ə)nt/ departments n
département
A part, portion, or subdivision.
A territorial division; a district; especially, in France, one of the districts into which the country is divided for governmental purposes, similar to a county in the UK and in the USA. France is composed of 101 départements organized in 18 régions, each department is divided into arrondissements, in turn divided into cantons.
(historical) A military subdivision of a country
ministère département
A subdivision of an organization.

department store department stores n
grand magasin
A large store containing many different departments, each of which deals in the sale of different goods or services.

departmental /dɪpɑː(ɹ)tˈmɛntəl/ /ˌdiːpɑː(ɹ)tˈmɛntəl/ adj
départemental
Of or pertaining to a department.

departure /dɪˈpɑː(ɹ)tjə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈpɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ departures n
déviation
A deviation from a plan or procedure.
départ
(navigation) The distance due east or west made by a ship in its course reckoned in plane sailing as the product of the distance sailed and the sine of the angle made by the course with the meridian.
(legal) The desertion by a party to any pleading of the ground taken by him in his last antecedent pleading, and the adoption of another

depend /di-/ /də-/ /dɪˈpɛnd/ v
dépendre
(intransitive, followed by on or upon, formerly also by of) To be contingent or conditioned; to have something as a necessary condition; to hinge on.
pendre
(now, literary) To hang down; to be sustained by being fastened or attached to something above.

dependability dependabilities n
fiabilité sûreté de fonctionnement
The characteristic of being dependable; the ability to be depended upon.

dependable [dɪˈpɛndəbəɫ] more dependable most dependable adj
fiable
Able, or easily able to be depended on.

dependence /dɪˈpɛndəns/ dependences n
dépendance
The state of being dependent, of relying upon another.
An irresistible physical or psychological need, especially for a chemical substance.

dependency /dɪˈpɛndənsi/ dependencies n
dépendance
(computing) Reliance on the functionality provided by some other, external component.
(computing) An external component whose functionality is relied on.

dependency grammar dependency grammars n
grammaire de dépendance

dependency injection dependency injections n
injection de dépendances
(software architecture) A type-safe way of supplying an external dependency to a software component.

dependency inversion principle pn
principe d'inversion des dépendances

dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/ more dependent most dependent adj
dépendant
Relying upon; depending upon.

dependent /dɪˈpɛndənt/ dependents n
dépendant dépendante personne à charge
(US) One who relies on another for support

dependent variable dependent variables n
variable dépendante
(algebra) In an equation, the variable whose value depends on one or more variables in the equation.

dependently more dependently most dependently adv
dépendamment
In a dependent manner.

deperdition deperditions n
déperdition
(archaic) Loss; destruction

depict /dɪˈpɪkt/ v
représenter décrire
To render a representation of something, using words, sounds, images, or other means. [from early 15th c.]

depiction /dɪˈpɪkʃən/ depictions n
représentation
(countable) A lifelike image of something, either verbal or visual.
dépiction
(countable) A drawing or painting.

depilate /ˈdɛpɪleɪt/ v
épiler
To remove hair from the body.

deplete /dɪˈpliːt/ v
vider
To empty or unload, as the vessels of the human system, by bloodletting or by medicine.

depleted /dɪˈpliːtəd/ adj
épuisé
Used up, expended; of which nothing is left.

depleted uranium n
uranium appauvri
Uranium that contains a reduced (depleted) amount of the fissile isotope U-235 compared to natural uranium; it is used in applications where the nuclear properties of the uranium are not important, and the uranium is instead being used for its mechanical or chemical properties.

deplorable /dəˈplɔɹəb(ə)l/ /dɪˈplɔːɹəbl̩/ more deplorable most deplorable adj
déplorable lamentable pitoyable
Deserving strong condemnation; shockingly bad, wretched.

deplorably more deplorably most deplorably adv
déplorablement
in a deplorable manner

deplore /dɪˈplo(ː)ɹ/ /dɪˈploə/ /dɪˈplɔɹ/ /dɪˈplɔː/ v
déplorer
(transitive) To bewail; to weep bitterly over; to feel sorrow for.

deployment /dɪˈplɔɪmənt/ deployments n
déploiement
An implementation, or putting into use, of something.
The distribution of military forces prior to battle.

depoetize v
dépoétiser

depolarization /diˌpoʊlɚˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /diːˌpəʊ.ləɹaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ depolarizations n
dépolarisation
The act of reducing polarity, or the result of such action; reduction to an unpolarized or less polarized condition.

depoliticization /diːpəˌlɪtɪsaɪˈzeɪʃən/ depoliticizations n
dépolitisation

depoliticize /diːpəˈlɪtɪsaɪz/ v
dépolitiser
To remove something from political influence

depollute v
dépolluer
(transitive) To free from pollution.

depolymerization /diˌpɑliməɹɪˈzeɪʃən/ /diːˌpɒl.ɪ.mə.ɹaɪˌˈzeɪ.ʃən/ depolymerizations n
dépolymérisation
(chemistry) The decomposition of a polymer into smaller fragments

deponent /diˈpoʊ.nənt/ /diˈpəʊ.nənt/ deponents n
déponent
(grammar) A deponent verb.

depopulate /diˈpɑpjəleɪt/ /diːˈpɒpjəleɪt/ v
dépeupler
(transitive) To reduce the population of a region by disease, war, forced relocation etc.

depopulation /diːˌpɒpjəˈleɪʃən/ depopulations n
dépeuplement
The act of depopulating or condition of being depopulated; the destruction or expulsion of inhabitants.

deport /dɪˈpoət/ /dɪˈpoɹt/ /dɪˈpɔɹt/ /dɪˈpɔːt/ v
déporter
(transitive) To evict, especially from a country.

deportation /diːˌpɔːˈteɪʃən/ deportations n
déportation
The act of deporting or exiling, or the state of being deported; banishment; transportation.

deportee /dɪˌpɔːˈti/ deportees n
déporté déportée
A deported person.

deposable adj
déposable

depose /diˈpoʊz/ /dəˈpoʊz/ /dɪˈpəʊz/ v
déposer faire une déposition interroger prester serment

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ deposits n
dépôt gisement
(geology) Sediment or rock that is not native to its present location or is different from the surrounding material. Sometimes refers to ore or gems.
dépôt
That which is placed anywhere, or in anyone's hands, for safekeeping; something entrusted to the care of another.
(banking) Money placed in an account.
arrhes acompte
(finance) A sum of money or other asset given as an initial payment, to show good faith, or to reserve something for purchase.
caution
A sum of money given as a security for a borrowed item, which will be given back when the item is returned, e.g. a bottle deposit or can deposit

deposit /dɪˈpɑzɪt/ /dɪˈpɒzɪt/ v
déposer
(transitive) To lay down; to place; to put.
To entrust one's assets to the care of another. Sometimes done as collateral.
(transitive) To put money or funds into an account.

deposit insurance deposit insurances n
assurance-dépôts
A form of insurance that protect bank depositors, in full or in part, from losses caused by a bank's inability to pay its debts when due.

depositary /dɪˈpɑzɪtɛɹi/ /dɪˈpɒzɪtɹi/ depositaries n
dépositaire
One who receives goods or a deposit in trust.

deposition /ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ depositions n
destitution
The removal of someone from office.
déposition
(legal) The process of taking sworn testimony out of court; the testimony so taken.
condensation solide
(physics) The transformation of a gas into a solid without an intermediate liquid phase (reverse of sublimation)

depositor depositors n
dépositaire
A person who makes a deposit, especially a deposit of money in a bank.

depository /dɪˈpɑzɪtɔɹi/ /dɪˈpɒzɪtɹi/ depositories n
dépôt
A place where something is deposited, as for storage, safekeeping, or preservation; a repository.

depot /ˈdepɐʉ/ /ˈdiːpoʊ/ /ˈdɛpoʊ/ /ˈdɛpəʊ/ depots n
dépôt
(US) A bus station or railway station.
(military) A place for the storage, servicing or upgrade of military hardware.

depower v
dépouvoirer
(transitive) To reduce the power of; to strip power from.

deprecate /ˈdɛpɹəkeɪt/ /ˈdɛpɹɪkeɪt/ v
désapprouver
(transitive) To belittle or express disapproval of.

deprecated /ˈdɛp.ɹə.keɪt.ɪd/ /ˈdɛp.ɹɪ.keɪt.ɪd/ more deprecated most deprecated adj
rabaissé
Belittled; insulted.
obsolète
(computing) Said of a function or feature planned to be phased out, but still available for use.

deprecation /ˌdɛpɹɪˈkeɪʃən/ deprecations n
désapprobation

depreciate /dɪˈpɹiːʃɪeɪt/ v
déprécier

depreciation /dɪˌpɹiːʃɪˈeɪʃən/ depreciations n
dépréciation
The state of being depreciated; disparagement.
(accounting) The measurement of the decline in value of assets. Not to be confused with impairment, which is the measurement of the unplanned, extraordinary decline in value of assets.

depredator depredators n
déprédateur

depress /dɪˈpɹɛs/ v
appuyer
To press down.

depressed /dɪˈpɹɛst/ more depressed most depressed adj
déprimé dépressif mélancolique
Unhappy; despondent.

depressing /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ(ɡ)/ /dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ/ more depressing most depressing adj
déprimant
Causing depression or sadness.

depression /dəˈpɹɛʃ(ə)n/ /dɪˈpɹɛʃən/ depressions n
dépression
(psychology, usually, uncountable) A state of mind producing serious, long-term lowering of enjoyment of life or inability to visualize a happy future.
(psychology, countable) A period of low morale or unhappiness (a period of experiencing the above-mentioned state of mind) which lasts longer than several weeks and may include ideation of self-inflicted injury or suicide.
(geography) An area that is lower in topography than its surroundings.
(meteorology) An area of lowered air pressure that generally brings moist weather, sometimes promoting hurricanes and tornadoes.
(economics) A period of major economic contraction.
(biology, physiology) A lowering, in particular a reduction in a particular biological variable or the function of an organ, in contrast to elevation.

depressive /dɪˈpɹɛsɪv/ more depressive most depressive adj
dépressif déprimant
Causing depression; dispiriting.
dépressif
Affected by depression, depressed; dispirited; melancholic.
Relating to or characteristic of depression.

depressor /dɪˈpɹɛs.ə/ /dɪˈpɹɛs.ɚ/ depressores depressors n
abaisseur
Anything that depresses:

depressurization depressurizations n
dépressurisation
The act, or an instance, of depressurizing; a reduction of atmospheric pressure within a chamber or space vehicle etc.

depressurize /diːˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/ v
dépressuriser
(transitive) To reduce the air pressure within a chamber.

deprivation /dɛp.ɹɪ.veɪʃən/ deprivations n
privation
(countable) The act of depriving, dispossessing, or bereaving; the act of deposing or divesting of some dignity.

deprive /dɪˈpɹaɪv/ v
priver
(transitive) Used with “of”, to take something away from (someone) and keep it away; to deny someone something.

deprived /dɪˈpɹaɪvd/ more deprived most deprived adj
dépouillé
Subject to deprivation; poor.

deprogramming deprogrammings n
déprogrammation
The removal of the programming instilled into a person by a religious, political, economic, or social group associated with the belief system.

depth /dɛpθ/ depths n
profondeur
the vertical distance below a surface; the degree to which something is deep
épaisseur
(aeronautics) the perpendicular distance from the chord to the farthest point of an arched surface

depth of field depths of field n
profondeur de champ
In photography, the distance in front of and behind the subject that appears to be in focus.

depths /dɛpθs/ n
profondeurs
(literary) The deepest part. (Usually of a body of water.)
(literary) A very remote part.
cœur
The most severe or involved period.

deputinization n
députinisation
(neologism, politics) The process of the removal of the influence of Vladimir Putin from politics.

deputy /ˈdɛpjəti/ /ˈdɛpəti/ deputies n
député députée
(Ireland, often, capitalized) A member of Dáil Éireann, or the title of a member of Dáil Éireann.
suppléant adjoint adjointe suppléante
(historical) A member of the French Chamber of Deputies, formerly called Corps Législatif.
(US) a law enforcement officer who works for the county sheriff's office; a deputy sheriff or sheriff's deputy; the entry level rank in such an agency.

deracinate /dɪˈɹæsəneɪt/ /dɪˈɹæsɪneɪt/ v
déraciner
To pull up by the roots; to uproot; to extirpate.
To force (people) from their homeland to a new or foreign location.

deradicalize /diːˈɹædɪkəlaɪz/ v
déradicaliser
(transitive) To divest of radicalism; to normalize politically.

derail /ˌdiːˈɹeɪ.əl/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.əl/ v
dérailler
(transitive) To cause to come off the tracks.
(intransitive, figurative) To deviate from the previous course or direction.

derailleur /ˌdiˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdiˈɹeɪl.jə/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪ.lɚ/ /ˌdəˈɹeɪl.jə/ derailleurs n
dérailleur
The mechanism on a bicycle used to move the chain from one sprocket (gear) to another.

derailment derailments n
déraillement
(rail transport) The action of a locomotive or train leaving the rails along which it runs.

deranged /dɪˈɹeɪnd͡ʒd/ more deranged most deranged adj
dérangé
Disturbed or upset, especially mentally.
Insane.

deratization deratizations n
dératisation
(humorous, or, nonstandard) Extermination of rats, especially aboard a merchant vessel.

derealization derealizations n
déréalisation
(psychology) The psychological symptom in which the world appears to be unreal, and the patient has a sense of detachment from it.

dereference /dɪˈɹɛfɹəns/ v
déréférencer
(programming) To access the value or object located in a memory location addressed by a pointer or another value interpreted as such; to access a value being referenced by something else.
(computing, in operating systems derived from Unix) To operate on the file or directory pointed to by a symbolic link, rather than on the link itself.

deregulatory /diːˈɹɛɡjulətɔɹi/ /diːˈɹɛɡjələtɹi/ more deregulatory most deregulatory adj
dérégulateur
Of or pertaining to deregulation

derelict /ˈdɛɹəlɪkt/ more derelict most derelict adj
abandonné délaissé en ruines
Abandoned, forsaken; given up by the natural owner or guardian; (of a ship) abandoned at sea, dilapidated, neglected; (of a spacecraft) abandoned in outer space.
négligent
Negligent in performing a duty.

derelict /ˈdɛɹəlɪkt/ derelicts n
épave
Property abandoned by its former owner, especially a ship abandoned at sea.
clochard paria épave
(dated) An abandoned or forsaken person; an outcast.

dereliction /dɛɹ.ɪ.ˈlɪk.ʃən/ derelictions n
prévarication
Willful neglect of one's duty.
déréliction
The act of abandoning something, or the state of being abandoned.

deride /dɪˈɹaɪd/ v
bafouer railler
(transitive) To harshly mock; ridicule.

derision /dɪˈɹɪʒən/ derisions n
dérision
Act of treating with disdain.

derisive /dɪˈɹaɪ.sɪv/ /dɪˈɹɪ.sɪv/ more derisive most derisive adj
dérisoire moqueur ironique ridicule
Expressing or characterized by derision; mocking; ridiculing.

derivational more derivational most derivational adj
dérivationnel
(grammar) Of or pertaining to derivation; relating to that which is derived.

derivative /dɪˈɹɪvətɪv/ more derivative most derivative adj
dérivé
Obtained by derivation; not radical, original, or fundamental.
(legal, copyright) Referring to a work, such as a translation or adaptation, based on another work that may be subject to copyright restrictions.
(finance) Having a value that depends on an underlying asset of variable value.

derivative /dɪˈɹɪvətɪv/ derivatives n
dérivé dérivée
Something derived.
dérivé
(linguistics) A word that derives from another one.
(chemistry) A chemical derived from another.
dérivée
The value of such a derived function for a given value of its independent variable: the rate of change of a function at a point in its domain.

derivatives market derivatives markets n
marché des produits dérivés
(economics) A market where various financial derivatives such as forwards, futures, options, and swaps are bought and sold.

derive /dəˈɹaɪv/ v
tirer trouver
(transitive) To obtain or receive (something) from something else.
déduire conclure
(transitive, logic) To deduce (a conclusion) by reasoning.
dériver
(transitive, linguistics) To find the derivation of (a word or phrase).
(transitive, chemistry) To create (a compound) from another by means of a reaction.
dériver découler
(intransitive) To originate or stem (from).

derived class derived classes n
classe dérivée
(object-oriented) Synonym of subclass

derived function derived functions n
fonction dérivée
(calculus) Of a function, another function, the value of which for any value of the independent variable is the instantaneous rate of change of the given function at that value of the independent variable.

dermal [ˈdɜːməɫ] adj
dermique
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to skin or integument (or other forms of tissue)

dermatitis /ˌdɜː(ɹ)m.əˈtaɪ.tɪs/ dermatites dermatitides dermatitises n
dermatite dermite
(pathology) Inflammation of the skin.

dermatographic adj
dermatographique

dermatological [ˌdɜːmətəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəɫ] adj
dermatologique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to dermatology

dermatologist /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/ /ˌdɝ.mə.ˈtɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ dermatologists n
dermatologue
A person who is skilled in, professes or practices dermatology.

dermatology /ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒi/ dermatologies n
dermatologie
(medicine) The study of the skin and its diseases.

dermatophyte /dɚˈmæt.oʊ.faɪt/ /dɚˈmæt.ə.faɪt/ dermatophytes n
dermatophyte
Any parasitic fungus (mycosis) that infects the skin (tinea, ringworm, jock itch, athlete's foot).

dermatopontin dermatopontins n
dermatopontine

dermatoscope /ˌdɜːməˈtɒskoʊp/ dermatoscopes n
dermatoscope

dermatosis /ˌdɜːməˈtəʊsɪs/ dermatoses n
dermatose
(medicine) Any disease of the skin.

dermis /ˈdɜː.mɪs/ /ˈdɝ.mɪs/ dermides dermises n
derme
(anatomy) The tissue of the skin underlying the epidermis.

dernier cri derniers cris n
dernier cri
The latest sensation; the last word, the newest or ultimate expression or example (of something).

derogatory /dɪˈɹɑɡətɔɹi/ /dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/ more derogatory most derogatory adj
péjoratif dépréciatif
Lessening the worth of (a person, etc); expressing derogation; insulting.

derouine derouines n
dérouine
(fur trade, Canada, historical) An expedition made to First Nations camps or villages for trade rather than waiting for the natives to come to the forts, often involving wintering in the camps.

derring-do /ˌdɛɹɪŋˈduː/ n
acte de bravoure exploits faits d'armes hauts faits prouesse
Brave and adventurous (albeit often reckless) actions.

derrière /ˌdɛɹiˈɛə(ɹ)/ derrières n
derrière
(chiefly, humorous) Bottom, bum, backside.

derussification n
dérussification
The process or action of derussifying something.

dervish /ˈdɜːvɪʃ/ dervishes n
derviche
(Islam) An itinerant Sufi mystic practicing voluntary poverty in devotion to God, and often engaging in ecstatic rituals.

desalination /diːˌsælɪˈneɪʃən/ desalinations n
dessalement désalinisation
The process of removing salt from sea water in order to make drinking water.

desalination plant desalination plants n
usine de désalinisation
an industrial installation which converts seawater into drinking water by removing the salt.

desalt v
dessaler
(transitive) To remove salt from; to desalinate.

descend /dɪˈsɛnd/ v
descendre
(intransitive) To pass from a higher to a lower place; to move downwards; to come or go down in any way, for example by falling, flowing, walking, climbing etc.
(intransitive, music) To fall in pitch; to pass from a higher to a lower tone.
(transitive) To go down upon or along; to pass from a higher to a lower part of

descendant /dɪˈsɛndənt/ descendants n
descendant descendante
One of the progeny of a specified person, at any distance of time or through any number of generations.
descendant
(biology) A later evolutionary type.

descendeur /deɪsɒnˈdɜː(ɹ)/ descendeurs n
descendeur
A piece of metal around which a rope is passed in order to slow descent when abseiling

descending colon descending colons n
côlon descendant
(anatomy) A part of the colon adjacent to the sigmoid colon.

descent /diˈsɛnt/ /dəˈsɛnt/ /dɪˈsɛnt/ descents n
descente
An instance of descending; act of coming down.
A way down.
A sloping passage or incline.
origine ascendance
Lineage or hereditary derivation.

describe /dəˈskɹaɪb/ /dɪˈskɹaɪb/ v
décrire
(transitive) To represent in words.
(transitive, mathematics) To give rise to a geometrical structure.

described video described videos n
vidéodescription

description /dɪˈskɹɪpʃən/ descriptions n
description
A sketch or account of anything in words; a portraiture or representation in language; an enumeration of the essential qualities of a thing or species.
signalement
A set of characteristics by which someone or something can be recognized.

descriptive statistics n
statistique descriptive
(statistics) A branch of statistics dealing with summarization and description of collections of data—data sets, including the concepts of arithmetic mean, median, mode, and quantile.

descriptivism descriptivisms n
descriptivisme
(linguistics) The practice of describing realistic forms, as opposed to prescribing idealistic norms, of linguistic usage.

descry /dɪˈskɹaɪ/ v
percevoir
(transitive) To see, especially from afar; to discover (a distant or obscure object) by the eye; to espy; to discern or detect.

desecrate /ˈdɛs.ə.kɹeɪ̯t/ /ˈdɛs.ɪ.kɹeɪ̯t/ v
profaner désacraliser
(transitive) To profane or violate the sacredness or sanctity of something.
désécrer
(transitive) To remove the consecration from someone or something; to deconsecrate.
désacraliser profaner
(transitive) To change in an inappropriate and destructive manner.

desecration /dɛ.səˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɛ.sɪˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɛ.zəˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/ desecrations n
profanation
An act of disrespect or impiety towards something considered sacred.

deseed v
épépiner
(transitive) To remove seed or seeds from.

deselect /diːsəˈlɛkt/ v
désélectionner
(transitive) To not select; to rule out of selection.

desensitize /dɪˈsɛnsɪtaɪz/ v
désensibiliser
To cause to become less sensitive or insensitive.

desert /dəˈzɑɹt/ /ˈdɛz.ət/ /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ adj
désert
Usually of a place: abandoned, deserted, or uninhabited.

desert /dəˈzɑɹt/ /ˈdɛz.ət/ /ˈdɛz.ɚt/ deserts n
désert
(informal) In particular, a barren, arid area of land which is hot, with sandy, rocky, or parched ground.
A barren area of land or desolate terrain, especially one with little water or vegetation; a wasteland.

desert /dəˈzɝt/ /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ v
déserter abandonner
To leave (anything that depends on one's presence to survive, exist, or succeed), especially when contrary to a promise or obligation; to abandon; to forsake.

desert island desert islands n
île déserte île inhabitée
A deserted island, an uninhabited island, especially one in the tropics and (now, frequently, _, misunderstood, _, as) a small and almost entirely sandy desert.

desert rose /dɪˈzɜːt ɹəʊz/ /dɪˈzɝt ɹoʊz/ desert roses n
rose des sables
(mineral) A rosette of gypsum or barite crystals formed under certain conditions.

deserter /dɪˈzɜːtə(ɹ)/ deserters n
déserteur déserteuse
(military) A person who has physically removed him- or herself from the control or direction of a military or naval unit with the intention of permanently leaving

deserticolous more deserticolous most deserticolous adj
déserticole
(zoology) Living in a desert.

desertification /dɪˌzɜː.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌzɝ.tɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ n
désertification
The process by which a geographic region becomes a desert, resulting from natural changes in climate or by human activity.

desertify v
désertifier
(intransitive, of a geographical region) To become desert.
(transitive) To cause (a geographical region) to become desert.

desertion /dɪˈzɜːʃən/ /dɪˈzɝʃən/ desertions n
désertion
The act of deserting.

deserve /dəˈzɝv/ /dɪˈzɜːv/ /dɪˈzɝv/ v
mériter
(transitive) To be entitled to, as a result of past actions; to be worthy to have.
(obsolete) To serve; to treat; to benefit.

desiccant /ˈdɛsɪkənt/ desiccants n
absorbeur d'humidité
A substance (such as calcium oxide or silica gel) that is used as a drying agent because of its high affinity for water.

desiccate /dɪˈsɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛsɪkeɪt/ /ˈdɛsɪkət/ v
déshydrater mettre à sec secher

desiccation /ˌdɛsɪˈkeɪʃən/ desiccations n
dessiccation
(uncountable) The state or process of being desiccated

desideratum /-ˈɹeɪ-/ /-ˌzɪ-/ /dəˌsɪdəˈɹɑtəm/ /dɪˌsɪdəˈɹɑːtəm/ [-ɾəm] desiderata n
desideratum désideratum
Something that is wished for, or considered desirable, particularly when thought to be essential. [from mid 17th c.]

design /dɪˈzaɪn/ designs n
conception plan
A plan (with more or less detail) for the structure and functions of an artifact, building or system.
modèle
A pattern, as an element of a work of art or architecture.
dessein intention
Intention or plot.
design
The art of designing

design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v
concevoir designer
(obsolete, transitive) To mark out and exhibit; to designate; to indicate; to show; to point out; to appoint.

designate /ˈdɛzɪɡ.neɪt/ /ˈdɛzɪɡ.nət/ v
désigner
To mark out and make known; to point out; to indicate; to show; to distinguish by marks or description

designated driver designated drivers n
bob conducteur désigné
An individual who avoids drinking alcohol at a social engagement for the purpose of driving their companions home.

designation /dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/ designations n
appellation désignation
That which designates; a distinguishing mark or name; distinctive title; appellation.
indication
Signification, meaning, for example of a word or phrase.

designer /dɪˈzaɪnɚ/ designers n
designer styliste
A person who designs something, or who designs things as a profession.

designer label designer labels n
griffe
A luxury brand name for a piece of clothing, other personal accessory item, automobile etc.

designer stubble n
barbe de trois jours
A fashionable short growth of male facial hair.

desinence /ˈdɛsənəns/ /ˈdɛsɪnəns/ desinences n
désinence
(linguistics) A suffix used as an inflection; an ending; inflectional suffix.

desirability desirabilities n
désirabilité
The state of being desirable.

desirable /dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/ [dɪˈzaɪ(j)əɹəbəɫ] more desirable most desirable adj
désirable souhaitable
Worthy to be desired; pleasing; agreeable.

desirably /dɪˈzaɪ(j)əɹəbli/ more desirably most desirably adv
désirablement
in a manner likely to arouse desire

desire /diˈzaɪɚ/ /diˈzaɪɹ/ /dɪˈzaɪə/ /dɪˈzaɪɚ/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ/ desires n
désir
(countable) Someone or something wished for.
(uncountable) Strong attraction, particularly romantic or sexual.
(uncountable) The feeling of desiring; an eager longing for something.

desire /diˈzaɪɚ/ /diˈzaɪɹ/ /dɪˈzaɪə/ /dɪˈzaɪɚ/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ/ v
désirer
To want; to wish for earnestly.
To want emotionally or sexually.

desire line /-ˈzaɪɚ/ /di-/ /dɪˈzaɪə laɪn/ /dɪˈzaɪɹ laɪn/ desire lines n
ligne de désir
A path that pedestrians or vehicles take informally rather than taking a sidewalk or set route, for example, a well-worn ribbon of dirt cutting across a patch of grass, or a path in the snow.

desirous /dɪˈzaɪəɹəs/ /dɪˈzaɪɹəs/ more desirous most desirous adj
désireux désirant
Feeling desire; eagerly wishing; eager to obtain.

desister desisters n
désisteur désisteuse

desize v
désensimer
(textiles) To remove sizing material from (a fabric).

desk /dɛsk/ desks n
bureau pupitre
A table, frame, or case, in past centuries usually with a sloping top but now usually with a flat top, for the use of writers and readers. It often has a drawer or repository underneath.
bureau pupitre rubrique
A station for a string player in an orchestra, consisting of a chair and a music stand, or a row of such stations.

desklamp desklamps n
lampe de bureau
A lamp which sits on and is used to illuminate a desk.

desktop /ˈdɛsktɒp/ [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɑp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɒp] [ˈdɛsk.ˌtɔp] desktops n
bureau
(computing, GUI) The main graphical user interface of an operating system, usually displaying icons, windows and background wallpaper.

desktop computer /ˈdɛsktɒpˌkəmˈpjuːtə/ desktop computers n
ordinateur de bureau
A computer of a size designed to be used on a desk or table, as opposed to larger machines, such as mainframes, and smaller machines, such as laptops and palmtops.

desktop publishing n
PAO publication assistée par ordinateur
(computer graphics) The use of page layout software on a desktop computer to produce publishable documents.

desman /ˈdɛsmən/ desmans n
desman
Either of two species, Desmana moschata or Galemys pyrenaicus, of aquatic or semi-aquatic insectivore of the mole family, Talpidae, found in Europe.

desmography n
desmographie

desmosome desmosomes n
desmosome
(biology) A structural unit that functions in the adhesion of cells to form tissue

desolate /ˈdɛsəleɪt/ /ˈdɛsələt/ v
ravager
To deprive of inhabitants.
désoler
To make someone sad, forlorn and hopeless.

desomorphine n
désomorphine
(pharmaceutical drug) An opiate analogue derived from morphine, with sedative and analgesic effects.

despair /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈspɛɚ/ despairs n
désespoir
Loss of hope; utter hopelessness; complete despondency.

despair /dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈspɛɚ/ v
désespérer désespoir
(transitive) To cause to despair.
désespérer
(intransitive, often with “of”) To be hopeless; to have no hope; to give up all hope or expectation.

desperado /dɛspəˈɹɑːdəʊ/ desperadoes desperados n
desperado
A bold outlaw, especially one from southern portions of the Wild West.

desperate /ˈdɛsp(ə)ɹət/ desperates n
désespéré
A person in desperate circumstances or who is at the point of desperation, such as a down-and-outer, addict, etc.

desperate times call for desperate measures proverb
aux grands maux les grands remèdes
In adverse circumstances, actions that might have been rejected under other circumstances may become the best choice.

desperately /ˈdɛsp(ə)ɹətli/ more desperately most desperately adv
désespérément
In a desperate manner; without regard to danger or safety; recklessly.

desperation /ˌdɛspəˈɹeɪʃən/ desperations n
désespoir
The act of despairing or becoming desperate; a giving up of hope.

despicable /dɪˈspɪkəbəl/ /ˈdɛspɪkəbəl/ more despicable most despicable adj
méprisable abject détestable
Fit or deserving to be despised; contemptible; mean.

despise /dɪˈspaɪz/ v
mépriser dédaigner
To regard with contempt or scorn.

despite /dɪˈspaɪt/ preposition
malgré en dépit de

despite that conjunction
malgré que

despond /dɪˈspɒnd/ /ˈdɛspɒnd/ v
se décourager
To give up the will, courage, or spirit; to become dejected, lose heart.

despondency despondencies n
désespoir
The loss of hope or confidence; despair or dejection.
abattement
A feeling of depression or disheartenment.

despondent /dɪˈspɒndənt/ more despondent most despondent adj
découragé abattu déprimé triste
In low spirits from loss of hope or courage.

despot /ˈdɛs.pɒt/ /ˈdɛs.pət/ /ˈdɛz.pɒt/ despots n
despote
A ruler with absolute power; a tyrant.

despotic /disˈpɒt.ɪk/ /dəˈspɒt.ɪk/ /dɛsˈpɑt.ɪk/ /dɛsˈpɒt.ɪk/ more despotic most despotic adj
despotique
Of or pertaining to a despot or tyrant.
Acting or ruling as a despot, tyrannical.

despotism /ˈdɛspətɪzəm/ despotisms n
despotisme
government by a singular authority, either a single person or tight-knit group, which rules with absolute power, especially in a cruel and oppressive way.

dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ /dɪˈzɝt/ desserts n
dessert
A sweet dish or confection served as the last course of a meal.

dessertspoon dessertspoons n
cuiller à dessert cuillère à dessert
A unit of measure, being equivalent to two teaspoons or two-thirds of a tablespoon, or approximately 10 millilitres; a dessertspoonful.
(rare) An item of cutlery; a spoon, larger than a teaspoon and smaller than a tablespoon, used for eating dessert.
cuiller à dessert cuillerée à dessert cuillère à dessert
More generally, that volume of a substance which is contained within a dessert spoon.

dessiatina /dɛsjəˈtiːnə/ dessiatinas dessiatiny n
dessiatine
A Russian measure of land, roughly 1.1 hectares.

destabilization destabilizations n
déstabilisation
The act or process of destabilizing.

destabilize /diːˈsteɪbɪlaɪz/ v
déstabiliser
(transitive) To make something unstable.
(intransitive) To become unstable.

destalinization n
déstalinisation
The process, begun by Nikita Khrushchev, of discrediting and then reforming the policies of Joseph Stalin.

destem v
érafler
(transitive) To remove the stem from (grapes, tobacco, etc.).

destigmatize /diːˈstɪɡmətaɪz/ v
déstigmatiser
(transitive) To remove the disgraceful or ignominious characterization; to remove stigma or stigmata.

destination /dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/ destinations n
destination arrivée
(countable) The place set for the end of a journey, or to which something is sent; place or point aimed at.
destination destinée
(archaic) The act of destining or appointing.

destitute /ˈdɛstɪtjuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtuːt/ /ˈdɛstɪtʃuːt/ more destitute most destitute adj
démuni
Lacking money; poor, impoverished.

destitution /dɛstɪˈtjuːʃən/ /dɛstɪˈtuːʃən/ /dɛstɪˈtʃuːʃən/ destitutions n
dénuement
The condition of lacking something.
indigence
An extreme state of poverty, in which a person is almost completely lacking in resources or means of support.

destroy /dɪˈstɹɔɪ/ v
détruire
(ambitransitive) To damage beyond use or repair.
(transitive, informal) To utterly defeat; to crush.
euthanasier
(transitive) To put down or euthanize.

destroyable more destroyable most destroyable adj
destructible
Able to be destroyed.

destroyer /dəˈstɹɔɪ.ɚ/ destroyers n
destructeur destructrice
That which destroys something.
contre-torpilleur destroyer
(science fiction, by extension) A starship of comparable role.

destructible /dɪˈstɹʌktɪbəl/ more destructible most destructible adj
destructible
Liable to destruction; capable of being destroyed.

destruction /dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/ destructions n
destruction
The act of destroying.
The results of a destructive event.

destructive /dɪˈstɹʊktɪv/ /dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/ more destructive most destructive adj
destructif
Causing destruction; damaging.

destructiveness n
destructivité
the state or quality of being destructive

destructor destructors n
destructeur
One who destructs.
(object-oriented programming) A function that runs when an object is no longer required, used to release any resources that it was using.

destruxin destruxins n
destruxine

desuetude /-tʃuːd/ /dəˈsuəˌtud/ /dɪˈs(j)uːɪtjuːd/ /ˈdɛswəˌt(j)ud/ /ˈdɛswɪtjuːd/ desuetudes n
abandon désuétude oubli
(uncountable) The state when something (for example, a custom or a law) is no longer observed nor practised; disuse, obsolescence; (countable) an instance of this.

detach /dəˈtæt͡ʃ/ /dɪˈtæt͡ʃ/ v
détacher
(transitive) To take apart from; to take off.

detachable /diːtætʃəbl̩/ /dətætʃəbl̩/ adj
amovible détachable
Designed to be unfastened or disconnected without damage.

detached /dɪˈtæt͡ʃt/ more detached most detached adj
à quatre façades
Of a house: not joined to another house on either side.

detached house detached houses n
maison individuelle
A free-standing, single-family dwelling unit that does not share a common wall with any other structure.

detachment /dɪˈtæt͡ʃmənt/ detachments n
détachement
(uncountable) The action of detaching; separation.
(uncountable) Indifference to the concerns of others; disregard; nonchalance; aloofness.
(uncountable, military) The separation of a military unit from the main body for a particular purpose or special mission.
(countable, military) The unit so dispatched.
impartialité
(uncountable) Absence of bias; impartiality; objectivity.

detail /dɪˈteɪl/ /ˈditeɪl/ /ˈdiːteɪl/ details n
détail
(countable) A part small enough to escape casual notice.
A part considered trivial enough to ignore.
détails détail
(uncountable) A profusion of details.
coordonnées
(countable) A person's name, address and other personal information.
détachement
(military, law enforcement) A temporary unit or assignment.

detail /dɪˈteɪl/ /ˈditeɪl/ /ˈdiːteɪl/ v
détailler
(transitive) To explain in detail.

detailed /dɪˈteɪld/ /ˈdiːteɪld/ more detailed most detailed adj
détaillé
Characterized by attention to detail and thoroughness of treatment.

detain /dɪˈteɪn/ v
arrêter détenir
(transitive, law enforcement) To put under custody.

detainee /ˌdɪteɪˈniː/ detainees n
détenu détenue
Someone who is detained, especially in custody or confinement.

detect /dɪˈtɛkt/ v
détecter déceler
To discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing.

detectable /dɪˈtɛktəbəɫ/ more detectable most detectable adj
détectable
That which can be detected, noticeable.

detected /dɪˈtɛktɪd/ adj
détecté
Having been noticed.

detected /dɪˈtɛktɪd/ v
détecté
Simple past tense and past participle of detect

detection /dɪˈtek.ʃən/ /dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/ detections n
détection
The act or process of detecting, uncovering, or finding out, the discovery of something new, hidden, or disguised.

detective /dɪˈtɛktɪv/ detectives n
détective enquêteur
(law enforcement) A police officer who looks for evidence as part of solving a crime; an investigator.
détective enquêteur enquêteuse
A person employed to find information not otherwise available to the public.

detector /dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/ detectors n
détecteur
A device capable of registering a specific substance or physical phenomenon, and that optionally sounds an alarm or triggers a warning.

detention /dɪˈtɛnʃən/ detentions n
détention arrestation
(uncountable) The act of detaining or the state of being detained.
détention retenue
(pedagogy) A punishment given to a student for a minor infraction, typically requiring the student to report to a designated room during recess or outside of school hours to work on homework or perform busywork.
détention
(civil law) The bare physical control without the mental element of intention required for possession.

deter /dɪˈtɜː(ɹ)/ v
empêcher
(transitive) To prevent something from happening.
dissuader décourager
(transitive) To persuade someone not to do something; to discourage.

detergent /dɪˈtɜːdʒənt/ detergents n
détergent lessive
Any non-soap cleaning agent, especially a synthetic surfactant.

deteriorate /dəˈtɪɹ.i.eɪt/ /dəˈtɪɹ.iə.ɹeɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪ.eɪt/ /dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪə.ɹeɪt/ v
détériorer
(transitive) To make worse; to make inferior in quality or value; to impair.

deterioration /dəˌti.ɹi.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dəˌtiɹiˈeɪʃən/ /dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/ /dɪˌtɪəɹɪˈeɪʃən/ deteriorations n
détérioration
The process of making or growing worse, or the state of having grown worse.

determinant /dɪˈtɜːmɪnənt/ /dɪˈtɝmɪnənt/ determinants n
déterminant
A determining factor; an element that determines the nature of something.
(linear algebra) A scalar that encodes certain characteristics of a given transformation matrix; the unique scalar function over square matrices which is distributive over matrix multiplication, multilinear in the rows and columns, and takes the value 1 for the unit matrix; abbreviated as: det.

determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃən/ determinations n
détermination
(countable) The act, process, or result of any accurate measurement, as of length, volume, weight, intensity, etc.

determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ /dɪˈtɝmɪn/ v
déterminer
To fix the form or character of; to shape; to prescribe imperatively; to regulate; to settle.
To resolve (to do something); to establish a fixed intention; to cause (something) to come to a conclusion or decision; to lead.

determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ /dɪˈtɝmɪnd/ more determined most determined adj
déterminé résolu
Decided; resolute, possessing much determination.

determinedly more determinedly most determinedly adv
déterminément résolument
In a determined manner.

determiner /dɪˈtɜː.mɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈtɝ.mɪ.nɚ/ determiners n
déterminant
(grammar) A member of a class of words functioning in a noun phrase to identify or distinguish a referent without describing or modifying it.

determinism /dɪˈtɜːmɪnɪzəm/ determinisms n
déterminisme
(philosophy) The doctrine that all actions are determined by the current state and immutable laws of the universe, with no possibility of choice.
(computing) The property of having behavior determined only by initial state and input.

deterministic /dɪˌtɜː.mɪˈnɪs.tɪk/ /dɪˌtɝ.mɪˈnɪs.tɪk/ more deterministic most deterministic adj
déterministe
(philosophy) Of, or relating to determinism.
(mathematics, of a Turing machine) Having at most one instruction associated with any given internal state.
(physics, of a system) Having exactly predictable time evolution.
(computing, of an algorithm) For a given particular input, always producing the same output through the same sequence of states.

deterministically more deterministically most deterministically adv
déterministiquement
In a deterministic manner, predictably.

deterrence /dɪˈtɛɹəns/ deterrences n
dissuasion
The act of deterring, or the state of being deterred.
Action taken by states or alliances of nations against equally powerful alliances to prevent hostile action.
The art of producing in one's enemy the fear of attacking.

deterrent /dɪˈtəɹənt/ /dɪˈtɛɹənt/ /dɪˈtɜɹənt/ more deterrent most deterrent adj
dissuasif dissuasive
Serving to deter, preventing something from happening.

deterrent /dɪˈtəɹənt/ /dɪˈtɛɹənt/ /dɪˈtɜɹənt/ deterrents n
dissuasion
Something that deters.

detersion detersions n
détersion
The act of deterging or cleansing.

detersive more detersive most detersive adj
détersif détersive
Having cleansing abilities

detest /dɪˈtɛst/ v
détester mépriser
(transitive) To dislike (someone or something) intensely; to loathe.

detestation detestations n
détestation
Hate coupled with disgust; abhorrence.

dethronable adj
détrônable

dethrone v
détrôner
To depose; to forcibly relieve a monarch of the monarchy.

dethronement dethronements n
détrônement
The act of being dethroned; the state of having been dethroned or removed from a superior place in a hierarchy.

dethroning dethronings n
détrônement

detonate /ˈdɛtəneɪt/ /ˈdɛʔ.ə.neɪt/ v
détonner
(intransitive) To explode; to blow up. Specifically, to combust or decompose supersonically via shock compression.
détonner détoner
(transitive) To cause to explode.

detonation /dɛtəˈneɪʃən/ detonations n
détonation
(chemistry) An explosion or sudden report made by the near-instantaneous decomposition or combustion of unstable substances. Specifically, combustion that spreads supersonically via shock compression.

detonator /ˈdɛt.ə.neɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɛtn̩eɪ.tə(ɹ)/ detonators n
détonateur capsule fulminante
A device used to detonate an explosive device etc.

detour /ˈdi.toɹ/ /ˈdiː.tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdiː.tʊə(ɹ)/ detours n
détour déviation
A diversion or deviation from one's original route.

detour /ˈdi.toɹ/ /ˈdiː.tɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdiː.tʊə(ɹ)/ v
détourner
(intransitive) To make a detour.

detox /ˈdiːtɒks/ detoxes n
désintox détox
A detoxification unit.

detoxication detoxications n
détoxication
(medicine) Any treatment of a patient suffering from poisoning that promotes physiological process to reduce the effects

detoxification detoxifications n
détoxification
The process of removing toxins.

detoxify v
désintoxiquer
To remove foreign and harmful substances from something.

detractor detractors n
détracteur détracteuse
A person who belittles the worth of another person or cause.

detrans adj
détrans

detransition detransitions n
détransition
The act of one who detransitions.

detransition v
détransitionner

detransitioner detransitioners n
détransitionneur
One who detransitions.

detriment /ˈdɛtɹɪmənt/ detriments n
détriment
Harm, hurt, damage.

detrimental /ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/ more detrimental most detrimental adj
nuisible néfaste
Causing damage or harm.

detritivore /-ɾə-/ /-ˈtɹɪ-/ /dəˈtɹaɪtəvɔɹ/ /dɛˈtɹaɪtɪvɔː/ detritivores n
détritivore
(ecology) An organism that feeds on detritus; a detrivore, a saprophage.

detritus /dɪˈtɹaɪ.təs/ detrita detritus n
détritus

detrusor /dɪˈtɹuː.sə/ /dɪˈtɹuː.sɚ/ /dɪˈtɹuː.zɚ/ detrusores detrusors n
détrusor
(anatomy) A smooth muscle in the wall of the bladder that relaxes to allow urine to be stored and contracts to expel it; often used attributively.

deuce /djuːs/ /duːs/ /d͡ʒuːs/ deuces n
deux
The number two.
égalité
(tennis) A tied game where either player can win by scoring two consecutive points.

deus ex machina /ˈdeɪ.əs ɛks ˈmækɪnə/ dei ex machina dei ex machinis deus ex machinas n
deus ex machina
(by extension) A contrived solution to a problem, relying on an agent external to the situation.

deuteragonist /ˌdju.təˈɹæɡ.ə.nɪst/ /ˌduː.təˈɹæɡ.ə.nɪst/ deuteragonists n
deutéragoniste
(narratology) A secondary character; specifically, the second most important character (after the protagonist).

deuterium /djuːˈtɪəɹɪəm/ /djuːˈtɪɹi.əm/ /dʒuːˈtɪəɹɪəm/ deuteriums n
deutérium
(isotope) An isotope of hydrogen formed of one proton and one neutron in each atom - 21H.

deuterocanonical adj
deutérocanonique
(biblical) Being of the second canon of the Old Testament of the Bible, and not accepted by some Christians. Part of the Apocrypha.

deuteron deuterons n
deutéron
(physics) the atomic nucleus of deuterium, consisting of a proton and a neutron

deutoxide /djuːˈtɒksaɪd/ deutoxides n
deutoxide deutoxyde
(chemistry) A compound containing in the molecule two atoms of oxygen united with some other element or radical; a dioxide or binoxide.

devaluation devaluations n
dévaluation
Depreciation.

devastate /ˈdɛvəsteɪt/ v
dévaster
To ruin many or all things over a large area, such as most or all buildings of a city, or cities of a region, or trees of a forest.

devastated more devastated most devastated adj
dévasté ravagé ruiné
Ruined, ravaged.
dévasté
Extremely upset and shocked.

devastating more devastating most devastating adj
dévastateur
causing devastation

devastation /ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/ devastations n
dévastation
The act of devastating, or the state of being devastated; a laying waste.

develop /dɛˈʋɛ.ləp/ /dɪˈvɛl.əp/ /ˈdɛʋ.ləp/ v
développer se développer
(ambitransitive) To progress through a sequence of stages.
développer se développer créer
(transitive) To advance; to further; to promote the growth of.
développer
(transitive) To bring out images latent in photographic film.
se développer développer
(chess, transitive) To place one's pieces actively.

developed /dɪˈvɛləpt/ more developed most developed adj
développé
(said of a country) Not primitive; not third-world.
Mature.

developed country developed countries n
pays développé
(economics) A country with an advanced, high-income, industrialized economy.

developer /dɪˈvɛləpə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈvɛləpɚ/ developers n
développeur concepteur créateur
A person or entity engaged in the creation or improvement of certain classes of products.
promoteur
A real estate developer; a person or company who prepares a parcel of land for sale, or creates structures on that land.
révélateur
A film developer; a person who uses chemicals to create photographs from photograph negatives.
développateur
A liquid used in the chemical processing of traditional photos.
développeur programmeur
(computing) A software developer; a person or company who creates or modifies computer software.

developing /dɪˈvɛl.ə.pɪŋ/ adj
en développement
Of a country: becoming economically more mature or advanced; becoming industrialized.

developing country developing countries n
pays en voie de développement
(economics) A country with an emerging and low- and middle-income but still industrializing its economy.

development /dɪˈvɛləpmənt/ developments n
développement
(countable) Something which has developed.
(chess, uncountable) The active placement of the pieces, or the process of achieving it.

developmental biology developmental biologies n
biologie du développement
(biology) The study of the physiological changes that occurs within individual organisms from their conception through reaching physical maturity.

deverbal adj
déverbal déverbatif
(grammar, linguistics) Derived from a verb.

deverbal deverbals n
déverbal
(grammar, linguistics) A word, especially a substantive, that is derived from a verb.

deviance /ˈdiːvɪəns/ deviances n
déviance
(sociology) Actions or behaviors that violate formal and informal cultural norms such as laws and customs.

deviancy /ˈdiː.vij(e)nsiː/ deviancies n
déviance
The state of being deviant, abnormal or anomalous.

deviant /ˈdiː.vi.ənt/ more deviant most deviant adj
déviant
Characterized by deviation from an expectation or a social standard.

deviant /ˈdiː.vi.ənt/ deviants n
déviant
A person who deviates, especially from norms of social behavior.

deviate /ˈdi.vi.eɪt/ /ˈdi.vi.ət/ /ˈdiː.vi.eɪt/ /ˈdiː.vi.æɪt/ /ˈdiː.vi.ət/ [ˈdɪi.vi.æɪt] [ˈdɪi.vi.ət] v
dévier
(intransitive) To go off course from; to change course; to change plans.

deviation /diviˈeɪʃən/ deviations n
déviation
The state or result of having deviated; a transgression; an act of sin; an error; an offense.
A detour in a road or railway.
écart
(statistics) For interval variables and ratio variables, a measure of difference between the observed value and the mean.

deviationist deviationists n
dissident dissidente
One who deviates from accepted beliefs or policies, especially from a prescribed form of Communism.

device /dəˈvaɪs/ /dɪˈvaɪs/ devices n
appareil dispositif
Any piece of equipment made for a particular purpose, especially a mechanical or electrical one.
artifice manœuvre ruse stratagème
A project or scheme, often designed to deceive; a stratagem; an artifice.

device driver device drivers n
pilote pilote informatique
(computing) Software, usually supplied with the operating system or by a hardware manufacturer, that communicates between the operating system of a personal computer and a specific hardware device.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ devils n
diable
(theology) An evil creature, the objectification of a hostile and destructive force.
The bad part of the conscience; the opposite to the angel.
A wicked or naughty person, or one who harbors reckless, spirited energy, especially in a mischievous way; usually said of a young child.
(euphemistic, with an article, as an intensifier) Hell.
type diable
A person, especially a man; used to express a particular opinion of him, usually in the phrases poor devil and lucky devil.

devil /ˈdɛvəl/ /ˈdɛvɪl/ pn
Satan Diable diable
(theology) The chief devil; Satan.

devil is in the details proverb
le diable se cache dans les détails
(idiomatic) The specific provisions of, or particular steps for implementing, a general plan, policy, or contract may be complicated, controversial, or unworkable.

devil's advocate devil's advocates n
avocat du diable
(idiomatic) One who debates from a viewpoint which one may not actually hold, usually to determine its validity or simply for the sake of argument.
(historical, Roman Catholic) A canon lawyer appointed by the Church to argue against the canonization of the proposed candidate.

devil's beating his wife phraseologicalUnit
le diable bat sa femme et marie sa fille
(Southern US) Said when it rains while the sun is shining; that is, when a sun shower occurs.

devil's coach-horse devil's coach-horses n
ocype odorant staphylin noir staphylin odorant

devil's luck n
chance du diable
(idiomatic) astounding good luck.

devil-may-care more devil-may-care most devil-may-care adj
insouciant
Carefree, reckless, irresponsible.

devilish /ˈdɛvəlɪʃ/ /ˈdɛvɪlɪʃ/ more devilish most devilish adj
diabolique
Characteristic of a devil.
diabolique infernal
(informal) Extreme, excessive.

devious /ˈdiːvi.əs/ more devious most devious adj
rusé sournois roublard
Cunning or deceiving, not straightforward or honest, not frank.

devise /dɪˈvaɪz/ v
concevoir élaborer
(transitive) To use one’s intellect to plan or design (something).

devlog /ˈdɛvlɒɡ/ devlogs n
devlog

devoicing devoicings n
dévoisement

devoid /dɪˈvɔɪd/ adj
dépourvu
Completely without; having none of.

devolution /diːvəˈluːʃən/ devolutions n
dévolution
A rolling down.

devote /dɪˈvoʊt/ /dɪˈvəʊt/ v
consacrer vouer
to give one's time, focus one's efforts, commit oneself, etc. entirely for, on, or to a certain matter

devoted /dɪˈvəʊtəd/ more devoted most devoted adj
voué
Vowed; dedicated; consecrated.
dévoué
Zealous; characterized by devotion.

devotee /ˌdɛvəˈtiː/ devotees n
dévot inconditionnel
An ardent enthusiast or admirer.

devotion /dɪˈvoʊʃən/ /dɪˈvəʊʃən/ devotions n
dévouement
(uncountable) Feeling of strong or fervent affection; dedication
dévotion
(uncountable) Religious veneration, zeal, or piety.

devotional /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/ /dɪˈvəʊʃənəl/ more devotional most devotional adj
dévotionnel
(usually, religious) Of or pertaining to devotion or worship.

devour /dɪˈvaʊə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈvaʊɚ/ v
dévorer
To eat quickly, greedily, hungrily, or ravenously.
To rapidly destroy, engulf, or lay waste.
To take in avidly with the intellect or with one's gaze.

dew /d(j)uː/ /djuː/ /dɪu̯/ /d͡ʒ(j)uː/ dews n
rosée
(uncountable) Moisture in the air that settles on plants, etc in the morning or evening, resulting in drops.

dew point dew points n
point de rosée
The temperature at which the air becomes saturated and water vapor condenses to form dew.

dewatering dewaterings n
exondation
Any of various techniques for the removal of water, either from a solid or from a structure.

dewclaw dewclaws n
ergot
A vestigial digit, hoof or claw that does not reach the ground.

dewdrop dewdrops n
goutte de rosée
A droplet of water formed as dew.

dewlap /ˈdju.læp/ /ˈdjuː.læp/ /ˈdu.læp/ dewlaps n
fanon
The pendulous skin under the neck of an ox, or a similar feature on any other animal.

deworm v
déparasiter vermifuger
To cause an animal to excrete any worms in the digestive tract by the administration of drugs.

dexamethasone /ˌdɛk.səˈmɛθ.ə.səʊn/ /ˌdɛk.səˈmɛθ.ə.zəʊn/ /ˌdɛk.səˈmɛθ.əˌsoʊn/ /ˌdɛk.səˈmɛθ.əˌzoʊn/ dexamethasones n
dexaméthasone

dexterity /dɛksˈtɛɹɪti/ dexterities n
dextérité
Skill in performing tasks, especially with the hands.

dexterous /ˈdɛkstɹəs/ more dexterous most dexterous adj
adroit habile
Skillful with one's hands.

dexterously /ˈdɛkst(ə)ɹəsli/ more dexterously most dexterously adv
adroitement avec dextérité
In a dexterous manner; skillfully; with precision.

dextrocardia /ˌdɛkstɹəˈkɑː(ɹ)diə/ dextrocardias n
dextrocardie
(medicine) A congenital abnormality in which the heart is transposed to the right side of the chest

dextrochere n
dextrochère

dextrorotatory adj
dextrogyre
(chemistry, of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the right, or clockwise. Notation: (+) or formerly lowercase d-#Prefix.

dextrose /ˈdɛkstɹəʊz/ dextroses n
dextrose
The naturally-occurring dextrorotatory form of glucose monosaccharide molecule.

dhampir dhampirs n
dhampire
(mythology, fiction) A half-human, half-vampire hybrid.

dharma /d̪ʱəɾm/ /ˈdɑɹ.mə/ /ˈdɑːmə/ /ˈd̪ʱəɾ.mə/ dharmas n
dharma
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

dhimmitude n
dhimmitude
(pejorative) Appeasement towards Islamic demands.

dhole /doʊl/ /dəʊl/ dhole dholes n
dhole
An Asian wild dog, Cuon alpinus.

dhoti dhotis n
pagne
(countable) A long loincloth worn by men in India.
(countable, uncountable) The cotton fabric used for such loincloths.

dhuhr /ˈðʊhə(ɹ)/ /ˈðʊə(ɹ)/ n
dhohr
(Islam) The midday Islamic prayer.

di- /daɪ/ prefix
di-
Two, twice or double.

dia- prefix
dia-

diabase /ˈdaɪ.əˌbeɪs/ diabases n
diabase
(geology) A fine-grained igneous rock composed mostly of pyroxene and feldspar.

diabasic more diabasic most diabasic adj
diabasique

diabetes /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/ n
diabète
Diabetes mellitus; any of a group of metabolic diseases whereby a person (or other animal) has high blood sugar due to an inability to produce, or inability to metabolize, sufficient quantities of the hormone insulin. [from 19th c.]

diabetes insipidus n
diabète insipide
A disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced.

diabetes mellitus /ˈmɛlɨtəs/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/ /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtɪs/ /ˌməˈlaɪtəs/ n
diabète sucré diabète
A medical disorder commonly called diabetes, characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (high blood sugar levels), especially after eating.

diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/ more diabetic most diabetic adj
diabétique
Of or pertaining to diabetes, especially diabetes mellitus.
Having diabetes, especially diabetes mellitus.
Suitable for one having diabetes, especially diabetes mellitus.

diabetic /daɪəˈbɛtɪk/ diabetics n
diabétique
A person with diabetes, usually diabetes mellitus.

diabetologist diabetologists n
diabétologue
A physician whose speciality is diabetology.

diabolic /ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪk/ more diabolic most diabolic adj
diabolique
Showing wickedness typical of a devil.
Extremely evil or cruel.

diabolically more diabolically most diabolically adv
diaboliquement
In a diabolical manner.

diabolo /dɪˈæbələʊ/ diabolos n
diabolo
A juggling apparatus consisting of a spool which is whirled and tossed on a string attached to handsticks.

diachronic /daɪ.əˈkɹɑnɪk/ /daɪ.əˈkɹɒnɪk/ more diachronic most diachronic adj
diachronique
Occurring over or changing with time.

diaconal /daɪˈækənəl/ adj
diaconal
Of or pertaining to a deacon or the diaconate lay clergy.

diacritical mark diacritical marks n
signe diacritique diacritique
(orthography, typography) A symbol in writing used with a letter to indicate a different pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning, also called "tone marks" when used to indicate tones, e.g. in Vietnamese or pinyin (romanised Mandarin Chinese).

diacritically adv
diacritiquement
In a diacritical manner.

diacriticked /ˌdaɪ.əˈkɹɪtɪkt/ adj
diacrité

diadem /ˈdaɪ.ə.dəm/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.dɛm/ diadems n
diadème
An ornamental headband worn as a badge of royalty.
couronne diadème
A crown.
couronne
Regal power; sovereignty; empire—considered as symbolized by the crown.

diadochus diadochi n
diadoque
(historical) Any of the rival families who fought for control over Alexander the Great's empire after his death.

diaeresis /daɪˈɛɹəsɪs/ /daɪˈɛɹɪsɪs/ /daɪˈɪəɹɪsɪs/ diaereses n
tréma diérèse
(orthography) A diacritic (◌̈) placed over a vowel letter (especially the second of two consecutive ones) indicating that it is sounded separately, usually forming a distinct syllable, as in the English words naïve, Noël and Brontë, the French haïr and the Dutch ruïne.
diérèse
(linguistics, prosody) Distraction; the separation of a vowel, often a diphthong, into two distinct syllables.

diagenetic adj
diagenétique
(geology) of, or relating to diagenesis

diagnose /ˈdaɪ.əɡˌnoʊs/ /ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/ /ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnoʊs/ /ˌdʌɪ.əɡˈnəʊz/ v
diagnostiquer
(by extension) To determine the cause of a problem.

diagnosis /daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/ diagnoses n
diagnostic diagnose
The process of, or an instance of, identification of the nature and cause of something (of any nature).

diagnostic /daɪəˈɡnɒstɪk/ more diagnostic most diagnostic adj
diagnostique
Of, or relating to diagnosis.

diagnostician diagnosticians n
interniste
A person who diagnoses, especially a medical doctor.

diagnostics n
diagnostic
The process of determining the state of or capability of a component to perform its function(s)

diagonal /daɪˈæɡnəl/ /daɪˈæɡənəl/ /dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/ adj
diagonale diagonal
(geometry) Joining two nonadjacent vertices (of a polygon or polyhedron).

diagonal /daɪˈæɡnəl/ /daɪˈæɡənəl/ /dɑɪˈæɡ.ə.nəl/ diagonals n
diagonale
Anything forming or resembling such a line, particularly:

diagonal element diagonal elements n
coefficient diagonal élément diagonal
(linear algebra) An element on the main diagonal of a square matrix, that is, an element in row k and column k where k is an integer between 1 and the number of rows (or columns) in the matrix.

diagonal matrix diagonal matrices n
matrice diagonale
(linear algebra) A matrix in which the entries outside the main diagonal are all zero.

diagram /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/ /ˈdaɪ.ɡɹæm/ diagrams n
diagramme schéma
A plan, drawing, sketch or outline to show how something works, or show the relationships between the parts of a whole.
diagramme
A graph or chart.

dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/ [ˈdaɪ.əɫ] dials n
cadran
A graduated, circular scale over which a needle moves to show a measurement (such as speed).
A disk with finger holes on a telephone; used to select the number to be called.
bouille tronche
(UK, AU, slang) A person's face. [from 19th c.]

dial /ˈdaɪ.əl/ [ˈdaɪ.əɫ] v
composer signaler
(transitive) To select a number, or to call someone, on a telephone.

dial indicator dial indicators n
comparateur
Any device for comparing a physical property of two objects, or an object with a standard.

dial tone dial tones n
tonalité
A telephony signal, usually in the form of a sound, used to indicate that the telephone exchange is working, has recognized an off-hook, and is ready to accept a call.

dialect /ˈdaɪ.əˌlɛkt/ dialects n
dialecte patois
(linguistics, broad sense) A variety of a language that is characteristic of a particular area, community, or social group, differing from other varieties of the same language in relatively minor ways as regards grammar, phonology, and lexicon.

dialect continuum dialect continua dialect continuums n
continuum dialectal
(linguistics) A range of dialects that vary slightly by region, so that the further apart two regions are, the more the language differs.

dialectal /ˌdaɪəˈlɛktəl/ more dialectal most dialectal adj
dialectal
Of or relating to a dialect.

dialectally more dialectally most dialectally adv
dialectalement
In a dialectal way.

dialectical more dialectical most dialectical adj
dialectique
Of, or pertaining to dialectic; (in, _, philosophy) logically reasoned through the exchange of opposing ideas.
Synonym of dialectal (“of, or peculiar to a dialect”)

dialectical materialism n
matérialisme dialectique
(philosophy) The concept of reality in which material things are in the constant process of change brought about by the tension between conflicting or interacting forces, elements, or ideas.

dialectically more dialectically most dialectically adv
dialectiquement
In a dialectical manner; logically.

dialectics /daɪəˈlɛktɪks/ n
dialectique
(philosophy, uncountable) A systematic method of argument that attempts to resolve the contradictions in opposing views or ideas.

dialectological adj
dialectologique

dialectology dialectologies n
dialectologie
The study of dialects.

diallage /daɪˈæləd͡ʒi/ diallages n
diallage
(mineral) A green form of pyroxene.

dialog /ˈdaɪəlɑɡ/ /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ v
dialoguer
(American spelling, informal, business) To discuss or negotiate so that all parties can reach an understanding.

dialog box dialog boxes n
boîte de dialogue
(computing, graphical user interface) A window that prompts the user to enter information.

dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ/ dialogues n
dialogue conversation
A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals.
(authorship) In a dramatic or literary presentation, the verbal parts of the script or text; the verbalizations of the actors or characters.

dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɑɡ/ /ˈdaɪəˌlɔɡ/ v
dialoguer
(informal, business) To discuss or negotiate so that all parties can reach an understanding.

dialogue tag dialogue tags n
incise
(narratology, authorship) A sentence part that attributes a piece of written dialogue to its speaker. (e.g. In "Get out of here," he said, "he said" is a dialogue tag.)

dialysis /daɪˈælɪsɪs/ dialyses n
dialyse
(chemistry) A method of separating molecules or particles of different sizes by differential diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.
(medicine) Utilization of this method for removal of waste products from the blood in the case of kidney failure: hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis.

diameter /daɪˈæmɪtə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈæmɪtɚ/ [-mɪɾɚ] diameters n
diamètre
(geometry) The length of such a line.

diametral adj
diamétral

diametrically /ˌdaɪ.ə.ˈmɛt.ɹɪk.li/ more diametrically most diametrically adv
diamétralement
Separated by a diameter, on exactly the opposite side.

diamide /daɪˈeɪmaɪd/ /daɪˈæmaɪd/ /ˈdaɪəmaɪd/ diamides n
diamide
(organic chemistry) Any compound having two amide groups

diamine /ˈdaɪ.ə.miːn/ diamines n
diamine
(chemistry) Any compound containing two amino functional groups.

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ diamonds n
diamant
(uncountable) A glimmering glass-like mineral that is an allotrope of carbon in which each atom is surrounded by four others in the form of a tetrahedron.
A gemstone made from this mineral.
Something that resembles a diamond.
carreau
(card games) A card of the diamonds suit.

diamond /ˈdaɪ.(ə.)mənd/ v
diamanter
To adorn with or as if with diamonds.

diamond crossover diamond crossovers n
bretelle croisement double jonction double
(rail transport) superimposed pair of railway crossovers, resembling a letter X, permitting to travel in either direction between a pair of parallel tracks

diamondiferous more diamondiferous most diamondiferous adj
diamantifère
(mineralogy) Yielding diamond.

diamonds /ˈdaɪ(ə)məndz/ n
carreau
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♦.

diapause /ˈdaɪəpɔːz/ diapauses n
diapause
(biology, entomology, ichthyology) A temporary pause in the growth and development of an organism due to adverse environmental conditions (especially in insects and in the embryos of many of the oviparous species of fish in the order Cyprinodontiformes)

diapedesis diapedeses n
diapédèse
The migration of blood cells, especially leucocytes, through the intact walls of blood vessels into the surrounding tissue. [from 1625]

diaper /ˈdaɪ(ə)pə/ /ˈdaɪ(ə)pɚ/ diapers n
couche
(North America) An absorbent garment worn by a baby, by a young child not yet toilet trained, or by an adult who is incontinent; a nappy.

diaper /ˈdaɪ(ə)pə/ /ˈdaɪ(ə)pɚ/ v
langer
To put diapers on someone.

diaper lover /ˈdaɪ(ə)pə ˌlʌvə/ /ˈdaɪ(ə)pɚ ˌlʌvɚ/ diaper lovers n
amateur de couches
(sexuality, ABDL) A person who wears diapers for pleasure or a fetish rather than necessity.

diaphanoscopy diaphanoscopies n
diaphanoscopie

diaphanous /daɪˈæf.ən.əs/ more diaphanous most diaphanous adj
diaphane
Transparent or translucent; allowing light to pass through; capable of being seen through.
Of a fine, almost transparent, texture; gossamer; light and insubstantial.

diaphone diaphones n
diaphone
(phonology) A particular dialectal variant of a phoneme; all the dialectal variants of a phoneme, considered as a whole.

diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ diaphragms n
diaphragme
(anatomy) In mammals, a sheet of muscle separating the thorax from the abdomen, contracted and relaxed in respiration to draw air into and expel air from the lungs; also called thoracic diaphragm.
A contraceptive device consisting of a flexible cup, used to cover the cervix during intercourse.
(optics, photography) A thin opaque structure with a central aperture, used to limit the passage of light into a camera or similar device.
membrane diaphragme
(mechanics) A flexible membrane separating two chambers and fixed around its periphery that distends into one or other chamber as the difference in the pressure in the chambers varies.

diaphragm /ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/ v
diaphragmer
(optics, photography) To reduce lens aperture using an optical diaphragm.

diapir /ˈdaɪ.ə.pɪə(ɹ)/ diapirs n
diapir
(geology) An intrusion of a ductile rock into an overburden.

diapositive diapositives n
diapositive
(photography) slide (used with a projector for projecting images)

diarchy diarchies n
diarchie dyarchie
A state under the rule of two people; the form of government of such state.

diarist /ˈdaɪəɹɪst/ diarists n
diariste
One who keeps a diary.

diarrhea /ˌdaɪ.əˈɹiː.ə/ diarrheas n
diarrhée foire
A gastrointestinal disorder characterized by frequent and very soft or watery bowel movements.
diarrhée chiasse foire
The watery or very soft excrement that comes from such bowel movements.

diarthrosis diarthroses n
diarthrose
(anatomy) A joint that can move freely in various planes

diary /ˈdaɪ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈdaɪ.ɹi/ diaries n
journal intime journal
A daily log of experiences, especially those of the writer.

diascopy diascopies n
diascopie
(medicine) A test for blanchability performed by applying pressure with a finger or glass slide and observing color changes.

diaspora /daɪˈæs.pə.ɹə/ /daɪˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /daɪˈæs.pɹə/ /diˈæs.pɚ.ə/ /diˈæs.pɹə/ diasporae diasporai diasporas n
diaspora
(collective) A group so dispersed, especially Jews outside of the land of Israel.

diaspore /ˈdaɪ.əˌspoʊɹ/ /ˈdaɪ.əˌspɔɹ/ diaspores n
diaspore
(botany) seeds and fruit together regarded as a dispersal unit.

diasporic more diasporic most diasporic adj
diasporique
Of or pertaining to the dispersion of the Jews from the land of Israel, a similar dispersion, or a people so dispersed. See diaspora.

diastase /ˈdaɪəsteɪz/ diastases n
diastase
(enzyme) Any one of a group of enzymes which catalyse the breakdown of starch into maltose; mostly amylases (α-amylase and β-amylase).

diastolic /daɪəˈstɒlɪk/ more diastolic most diastolic adj
diastolique
Pertaining to a diastole.

diathermy diathermies n
diathermie
(physics, medicine) The generation of heat using high-frequency electromagnetic currents; especially the therapeutic production of heat in tissues in order to form coagulation

diatom /ˈdaɪ.ə.təm/ /ˈdaɪ.əˌtɔm/ diatoms n
diatomée
Any of a group of minute unicellular algae having a siliceous covering of great delicacy, now categorized as class Diatomophyceae or division Bacillariophyta.

diatomaceous earth n
kieselguhr terre d'infusoires terre diatomée
A light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material or microabrasive.

diatomic /daɪəˈtɒmɪk/ adj
diatomique
(chemistry, of a molecule etc.) Consisting of two atoms.

diatomite /daɪˈæt.əˌmaɪt/ diatomites n
diatomite
(geology) A fine, powdery earth formed from the skeletons of diatoms

diatonic adj
diatonique
(music) Relating to or characteristic of a musical scale which contains seven pitches and a pattern of five whole tones and two semitones; particularly, of the major or natural minor scales.

diatonic scale diatonic scales n
échelle diatonique
(music) A seven-note musical scale consisting of five tones and two diatonic semitones, formed by stacking six perfect fifths.

diatribe /ˈdaɪ.əˌtɹaɪb/ diatribes n
diatribe
An abusive, bitter verbal or written attack, criticism or denunciation.
A prolonged discourse; a long-winded speech.

diazepam /daɪˈæz.əˌpæm/ /dʌɪˈaz.ɪ.pam/ /dʌɪˈeɪ.zɪ.pam/ diazepams n
diazépam
(pharmaceutical drug) A tranquilizing muscle relaxant drug (trademark Valium) used chiefly to relieve anxiety.

diazine diazines n
diazine

diazoma diazomata n
diazome
(theatre, Ancient Greece) A corridor that divided sections of an Ancient Greek theatre.

diazonium diazoniums n
diazonium

dibber dibbers n
plantoir
A tool with a handle on one end and a point on the other, used in the garden to poke holes in preparation for planting seeds, bulbs, etc. Also known as a dibble or dib.

dibble /ˈdɪb(ə)l/ dibbles n
plantoir
A pointed implement used to make holes in the ground in which to set out plants or to plant seeds.

dibbler dibblers n
plantoir
A dibble (device for making holes in which to plant seeds).

dibenzodioxin dibenzodioxins n
dibenzodioxine
(organic compound) An aromatic heterocycle having two benzene rings fused to a dioxin one; dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, oxanthrene.

dibs /dɪbz/ interjection
prems preums prims shotgun
(informal) Used to claim this right

dibs /dɪbz/ n
prems preums prims shotgun
(informal) The right to use or enjoy something exclusively or before anyone else.

dicastery dicasteries n
dicastère
A ministry or department of the Roman Curia of the Holy See, whether administrative or ecclesiastical.
A judicial body of the ancient Athenian state, made up of dicasts.

dicey /ˈdaɪsi/ dicier diciest adj
périlleux risqué
Fraught with danger.
au résultat incertain risqué
Of uncertain, risky outcome.

dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes n
dichlorodiphényltrichloroéthane
(organic compound) A chlorinated hydrocarbon originally used as an insecticide, often abbreviated as DDT.

dichloromethane dichloromethanes n
dichlorométhane
(organic compound) The partially halogenated hydrocarbon CH2Cl2 widely used as a solvent

dichogamy n
hermaphrodisme successif hermaphrodisme séquentiel
(biology) The condition in which an organism changes sex during its lifetime.

dichotomy /daɪˈkɑtəmi/ /daɪˈkɒtəmi/ /dɪ-/ [-ɾə-] dichotomies n
dichotomie
A separation or division into two; a distinction that results in such a division.

dichroic more dichroic most dichroic adj
dichroïque
Exhibiting dichromatism; dichromatic.

dichromatic more dichromatic most dichromatic adj
dichromatique
(pathology) having a form of colorblindness in which only two of the three primary colors can be distinguished

dick /dɪk/ dicks n
bite queue paf pine vit zob
(countable, and, uncountable, vulgar, slang) The penis.
connard pédé
(countable, vulgar, slang, derogatory) A highly contemptible or obnoxious person; a jerk.

dick-measuring contest dick-measuring contests n
concours de qui a la plus grosse
(vulgar, figurative) A situation in which people (usually men) compete, often over superficial characteristics, to demonstrate their worthiness, power, etc.

dickhead /ˈdɪ.kɛd/ /ˈdɪkˌhɛd/ dickheads n
gland
(vulgar, colloquial) The glans penis.
gland connard tête de nœud tête de vier
(vulgar, colloquial, pejorative) A stupid or useless person.

dickkopf /-ˌkɔ(p)f/ /ˈdɪkˌkɑ(p)f/ /ˈdɪkˌkɒpf/ dickkopfs n
dickkopf
(protein) Any of a family of glycoproteins that are involved in the development of the embryo. [from 1998]

dickslap dickslaps n
biffle bifle
(slang, vulgar) The act of slapping someone with one's penis, particularly in the face.

dickslap v
biffler bifler

dicotyledon dicotyledons n
dicotylédone Dicotylédone
(botany, historical) Any plant in what used to be the Dicotyledones.

dictate /ˈdɪkˌteɪt/ /ˌdɪkˈteɪt/ v
dicter
To order, command, control.
To speak in order for someone to write down the words.

dictation /dɪkˈteɪʃən/ dictations n
dictée
(countable, uncountable) Dictating, the process of speaking for someone else to write down the words.
(countable, uncountable) An activity in school where the teacher reads a passage aloud and the students write it down.

dictation machine dictation machines n
dictaphone appareil à dictée
A sound recording device most commonly used to record speech for later playback or to be typed into print.

dictator /dɪkˈteɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹ/ dictators n
dictateur dictatrice
A totalitarian leader of a country, nation, or government.

dictatorial [dɪktəˈtɔːɹɪəɫ] more dictatorial most dictatorial adj
dictatorial
of or pertaining to a dictator
in the manner of a dictator, usually with callous disregard for others.

dictatorially more dictatorially most dictatorially adv
dictatorialement
In a dictatorial manner.

dictatorship /dɪkˈteɪtə(ɹ)ʃɪp/ /ˈdɪkteɪtəɹʃɪp/ dictatorships n
dictature
A type of government where absolute sovereignty is allotted to an individual or a small clique.

dictatorship of the proletariat dictatorships of the proletariat n
dictature du prolétariat
(Marxism) A socio-political power, as opposed to the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, characterized by a struggle to achieve a communist society.

diction /ˈdɪkʃən/ dictions n
diction
The effectiveness and degree of clarity of word choice and expression.

dictionaric /ˈdɪkʃənˌæɹɪk/ /ˈdɪkʃənˌɛɹɪk/ more dictionaric most dictionaric adj
dictionnairique
(rare) Of or pertaining to a dictionary; of a type or style commonly found in a dictionary.

dictionary /ˈdɪkʃnəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənəɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃənɹi/ /ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛɹi/ dictionaries n
dictionnaire dico
A reference work with a list of words from one or more languages, normally ordered alphabetically, explaining each word's meanings (senses), and sometimes also containing information on its etymology, pronunciation, usage, semantic relations, and translations, as well as other data.

dictionary attack dictionary attacks n
attaque par dictionnaire
(cryptography) An attack that uses a list of words (from a dictionary) to try to guess passwords or decryption keys.

dictionary form dictionary forms n
forme canonique

dictyopteran dictyopterans n
dictyoptère
Any of the polyneopterous insects of the order Dictyoptera: the termites, cockroaches and mantids

dictyosome dictyosomes n
dictyosome
(cytology) A plant organelle that is functionally equivalent to the Golgi apparatus in animal cells.

didact /ˈdaɪdækt/ didacts n
didacte

didactic /daɪˈdæk.tɪk/ /dɪˈdæk.tɪk/ more didactic most didactic adj
didactique
Instructive or intended to teach or demonstrate, especially with regard to morality.
livresque
(medicine) Teaching from textbooks rather than laboratory demonstration and clinical application.

didactically more didactically most didactically adv
didactiquement
In a didactic manner.

didactician /daɪdəkˈtɪʃən/ didacticians n
didacticien didacticienne

diderm adj
didermique
(biology) (of bacteria) Having two cell membranes.

didgeridoo /ˌdɪd͡ʒ.əɹ.iˈduː/ didgeridoos n
didgeridoo
A musical instrument, endemic to the Top End of Australia, consisting of a long hollowed-out log which, when blown into, produces a low, deep mesmerising drone with sweeping rhythms.

didie didies n
coucouche
(North America, childish) A diaper.

didymium n
didyme
A mixture of praseodymium and neodymium once thought to be an element (symbol Di).

die /daɪ/ dice dies n
dé emporte-pièce filière matrice
An isohedral polyhedron, usually a cube, with numbers or symbols on each side and used in games of chance.
emporte-pièce matrice puce
(obsolete) That which is, or might be, determined, by a throw of the die; hazard; chance.

die /daɪ/ v
mourir expirer trépasser crever
(intransitive) To stop living; to become dead; to undergo death.
périr décéder avaler son extrait de naissance calancher claquer passer l’arme à gauche
To perish; to cease to exist; to become lost or extinct.
claquer tomber en panne
To sink; to faint; to pine; to languish, with weakness, discouragement, love, etc.
(often with "to") To become indifferent; to cease to be subject.

die hard v
avoir la peau dure avoir la vie dure
To be slow in changing or disappearing. (of a custom, idea etc)

die out v
s'éteindre
(idiomatic) To become extinct.

diegetic /ˌdaɪəˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ adj
diégétique

diehard more diehard most diehard adj
entier inflexible inébranlable irréductible
Unreasonably or stubbornly resisting change.
conservateur réac réactionnaire
Fanatically opposing progress or reform.
déter déterminé fanatique illuminé intégriste
Complete; having no opposite opinion of anything in a particular topic of one's values; thorough of in one's beliefs.

diel /ˈdaɪ.əl/ /ˈdi.əl/ adj
diel
(biology) Having a 24-hour period regardless of day or night.

dieldrin dieldrins n
dieldrine
(organic compound) A cyclodiene insecticide, related to aldrin, that is a persistent organic pollutant.

dielectric /ˌdaɪ.əˈlɛk.tɹɪk/ /ˌdaɪ.ɪˈlɛk.tɹɪk/ more dielectric most dielectric adj
diélectrique
(electrically) insulating

diesel /ˈdisəl/ /ˈdizəl/ /ˈdiːzəl/ diesels n
gazole diésel
A fuel derived from petroleum (or other oils) but heavier than gasoline/petrol. Used to power diesel engines which burn this fuel using the heat produced when air is compressed.

diesel engine diesel engines n
moteur Diesel
(mechanical engineering) a piston engine that operates using the Diesel cycle, with fuel being sprayed into the hot, high-pressure air in the combustion chamber at the end of the compression stroke

diet /ˈdaɪət/ diets n
diète régime
The food and beverage a person or animal consumes.
Diète parlement
(usually capitalized as a proper noun) A council or assembly of leaders; a formal deliberative assembly.
régime diète
(countable) A controlled regimen of food and drink, as to gain or lose weight or otherwise influence health.

dietary /ˈdaɪətɹi/ /ˈdaɪəˌtɛɹi/ adj
alimentaire diététique
Of, or relating to diet.

dietary fibre n
fibre alimentaire
Substances, generally of plant origin, consisting mostly of complex carbohydrates which are undigested when eaten by humans, and which therefore help the passage of food and waste through the alimentary tract.

dietary supplement dietary supplements n
complément alimentaire
(medicine) Any substance, such as a vitamin or mineral, taken as a supplement to food to replace nutrients that would otherwise be missing in a person's diet.

dietetic /daɪəˈtɛtɪk/ adj
diététique
Relating to diet.
Relating to preparation for those on a restricted diet.

dietetics /daɪəˈtɛtɪks/ n
diététique
The study of diet and nutrition in relation to health and disease.

diethanolamine diethanolamines n
diéthanolamine
(organic compound) A hydroxy secondary amine, (HO-CH2-CH2)2NH, used as a chemical intermediate and to absorb acidic gases.

diethylene glycol n
diéthylène glycol
(organic compound) A clear, hygroscopic, odorless liquid, which is described by the chemical structural formula HO-CH2-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-OH. It is toxic to humans and other animals.

dietitian /daɪəˈtɪʃən/ dietitians n
diététicien diététicienne
A person who studies or practices dietetics.

diffeomorphism diffeomorphisms n
difféomorphisme
(mathematics) A differentiable homeomorphism (with differentiable inverse) between differentiable manifolds.

differ /ˈdɪfə/ /ˈdɪfɚ/ v
différer
(intransitive) Not to have the same traits or characteristics; to be unalike or distinct.
(intransitive, people, groups, etc.) To have diverging opinions, disagree.

difference /ˈdɪf(ə)ɹəns/ differences n
différence
(uncountable) The quality of being different.
(countable) A characteristic of something that makes it different from something else.
(countable) The result of a subtraction; sometimes the absolute value of this result.
différend
(countable) A disagreement or argument.

difference of two squares differences of two squares n
différence de carré
(algebra) The identity x^2 - y^2 = (x+y)(x-y)\, that holds for all real numbers.

different /ˈdɪfəɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈdɪfəɹənt/ /ˈdɪfɹənt/ more different most different adj
différent
Not the same; exhibiting a difference.
Unlike most others; unusual.

differentiable /ˌdɪf.ə(ɹ)ˈɛn.ʃə.bəl/ more differentiable most differentiable adj
dérivable
(calculus, not comparable) Having a derivative, said of a function whose domain and codomain are manifolds.
différenciable
(comparable, of multiple items) able to be differentiated; distinguishable, as for example by differing appearance or measurable characteristics.

differentiable manifold differentiable manifolds n
variété différentiable variété différentielle
(differential geometry) A manifold that is locally similar enough to a Euclidean space (ℝn) to allow one to do calculus;(more formally) a manifold that can be equipped with a differentiable structure (an atlas of ℝn-compatible charts).

differential [dɪfəˈɹənʃəɫ] more differential most differential adj
différentiel
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to differentiation or the differential calculus.

differential calculus n
calcul différentiel
(calculus) The calculus that deals with instantaneous rates of change.

differential equation differential equations n
équation différentielle
(calculus) an equation involving the derivatives of a function

differential geometry differential geometries n
géométrie différentielle
(geometry, analysis) The study of geometry, especially geometric structures on differentiable manifolds, using techniques from calculus, linear algebra and multilinear algebra.

differentiate /dɪf.əˈɹen.ʃi.æɪt/ /dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/ /ˌdɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/ v
différencier
(mathematics) To calculate the differential of a function of multiple variables.
dériver
(mathematics) To calculate the derivative of a function.
distinguer
To perceive the difference between things; to discriminate.
(transitive, intransitive, often in the, _, passive, biology) To (cause to) go through a process of development called differentiation; to make or become different in form or function.

differentiation /dɪf.əˌɹen.ʃiˈæɪ.ʃən/ /dɪf.əˌɹɛn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdɪf.əˌɹɛn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ differentiations n
différenciation différentiation
The act of treating one thing as distinct from another, or of creating such a distinction; of separating a class of things into categories; of describing a thing by illustrating how it is different from something else.
différentiation
(mathematics, calculus) The process of applying the derivative operator to a function; of calculating a function's derivative.

differently /ˈdɪfəɹəntli/ /ˈdɪfɹəntli/ more differently most differently adv
différemment
(manner) In a different way.

difficult /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ more difficult most difficult adj
difficile
Hard, not easy, requiring much effort.
(often, _, of a, person, or a horse, etc) Hard to manage, uncooperative, troublesome.

difficultly more difficultly most difficultly adv
difficilement
(archaic) With difficulty; not easily.

difficulty /ˈdɪfɪkəlti/ difficulties n
difficulté
The state of being difficult, or hard to do.
An obstacle that hinders achievement of a goal.

difficulty level difficulty levels n
niveau de difficulté
The relative difficulty of completing a task or objective.

diffidence /ˈdɪfɪdəns/ diffidences n
timidité
The state of being diffident, timid or shy; reticence or self-effacement.

diffident /ˈdɪfɪdənt/ more diffident most diffident adj
méfiant timide
(archaic) Lacking confidence in others; distrustful.

diffidently /ˈdɪf.ɪ.dənt.li/ more diffidently most diffidently adv
en hésitant humblement modestement timidement
In a diffident manner; without confidence in oneself.

diffraction /dɪˈfɹækʃən/ diffractions n
diffraction
(quantum mechanics) The breaking up of an electromagnetic wave as it passes a geometric structure (e.g. a slit), followed by reconstruction of the wave by interference.

diffuse /dɪˈfjus/ /dɪˈfjuːs/ more diffuse most diffuse adj
diffus
Everywhere or throughout everything; not focused or concentrated.

diffuse /dɪˈfjuz/ /dɪˈfjuːz/ v
diffuser
(transitive) To spread over or through as in air, water, or other matter, especially by fluid motion or passive means.
diffuser se diffuser
(intransitive) To be spread over or through as in air, water, or other matter, especially by fluid motion or passive means.

diffusibility diffusibilities n
diffusibilité

diffusion /dɪˈfjuːʒən/ diffusions n
diffusion
(physics) The intermingling of the molecules of a fluid due to random thermal agitation.
(physics, weather) Exchange of airborne media between regions in space in an apparently random motion of a small scale.
The movement of water vapor from regions of high concentration (high water vapor pressure) toward regions of lower concentration.

dig /dɪɡ/ digs n
fouille
An archeological or paleontological investigation, or the site where such an investigation is taking place.

dig /dɪɡ/ v
creuser
(transitive, intransitive) To move hard-packed earth out of the way, especially downward to make a hole with a shovel. Or to drill, or the like, through rocks, roads, or the like. More generally, to make any similar hole by moving material out of the way.
excaver
(transitive) To get by digging; to take from the ground; often with up.
kiffer
(dated, _, slang, transitive) To appreciate, or like.

dig in one's heels v
freiner des quatre fers
(idiomatic) To act in a determined manner by firmly maintaining one's beliefs, demands, situation, etc. in the face of opposition.

dig into v
s'attaquer se plonger
To research a particular subject.

dig one's own grave v
creuser sa propre tombe creuser sa tombe
(idiomatic) To behave in a way that is likely to have future negative effects on oneself, including (but not limited to) death.

dig out v
dénicher
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To find or retrieve something buried.

dig up v
déraciner déterrer exhumer mettre à jour piocher
déplanter
(transitive) to excavate something
dégoter dénicher mettre la main
(transitive, idiomatic) to discover something by digging; to unearth

digamma /daɪˈɡæmə/ digammas n
digamma
Letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet: Ϝ, ϝ

digamous adj
digame
Pertaining to a second marriage, i.e. one taking place after a divorce or the death of the first spouse.

digest /ˈdaɪd͡ʒəst/ /ˈdaɪd͡ʒɛst/ digests n
digeste
A compilation of statutes or decisions analytically arranged; a summary of laws.
revue revue de presse
Any collection of articles, as an Internet mailing list including a week's postings, or a magazine arranging a collection of writings.

digest /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/ /dəˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
digérer
(transitive) To separate (the food) in its passage through the alimentary canal into the nutritive and nonnutritive elements; to prepare, by the action of the digestive juices, for conversion into blood; to convert into chyme.
(transitive) To think over and arrange methodically in the mind; to reduce to a plan or method; to receive in the mind and consider carefully; to get an understanding of; to comprehend.

digestible /daɪˈdʒɛstəbəɫ/ adj
digestible
Capable of being digested.

digestif /daɪˈdʒɛstɪf/ /ˌdiːʒɛsˈtiːf/ digestifs n
digestif
An alcoholic beverage consumed after eating, so called because it is presumed to aid digestion.

digestion /daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ /dɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ digestions n
digestion
The process, in the gastrointestinal tract, by which food is converted into substances that can be utilized by the body.

digestive system digestive systems n
système digestif
(anatomy) A system of organs for the purpose of digesting food.

digestive tract digestive tracts n
tube digestif
System of organs within multicellular animals which takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste.

digging fork digging forks n
fourche bêche
A farming tool, with a long straight handle and several short, sturdy tines.

digit /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/ digits n
chiffre
(mathematics) A distinct symbol representing a natural number in a positional number system.
doigt
(historical, _, units of measure) A unit of length notionally based upon the width of an adult human finger, standardized differently in various places and times, (especially) the English digit of 1⁄16 foot, now equivalent to about 1.9 cm.
doigt orteil
(anatomy) A narrow extremity of the human hand or foot: a finger, thumb, or toe.

digital /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtl̩/ adj
digital
Having to do with digits (fingers or toes); performed with a finger.
numérique digital
Property of representing values as discrete, often binary, numbers rather than a continuous spectrum.
Of or relating to computers or the Information Age.

digital camera digital cameras n
appareil photo numérique caméra numérique
An electronic, often battery-powered device for recording and storing photographs in digital format, especially on a flash card.

digital divide digital divides n
fossé numérique fracture numérique
(information technology, sociology, neologism) The gap between those with regular, effective access to digital technologies (and the computer literacy to use them) and those without it.

digital footprint digital footprints n
trace numérique
(telecommunications) Digital evidence of a person's activities and interactions with others on the Internet, TV, mobile devices, etc.

digital ink n
encre numérique

digital native digital natives n
digital native
(technology, sociology) A person who has grown up in an environment replete with digital interactions and ways of communicating, thought to increase difficulty with traditional nondigital teaching methods, work practices, etc.

digital nomad digital nomads n
nomade numérique
Someone who earns a living from telecommunication technology while living in a nomadic manner, typically working remotely from various locations such as coffee shops and public libraries.

digital nomadism n
nomadisme numérique

digital television digital televisions n
télévision numérique
(uncountable) The broadcasting and receiving of television services via digital (rather than analog) signals, either broadcast, or via cable or satellite.

digital watermark digital watermarks n
tatouage numérique
(computing) Auxiliary data embedded in a datafile for subsequent identification and verification of the file.

digitalin /dɪdʒɪˈtɑːlɪn/ digitalins n
digitaline
Any of a mixture of glycosides, extracted from the foxglove plant, that are used as cardiotonics.

digitally more digitally most digitally adv
numériquement
In a digital manner.

digitiform /ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtɪˌfɔː(ɹ)m/ more digitiform most digitiform adj
digitiforme
Having the shape of a finger.

digitigrade /-ɾə/ /ˈdɪdʒɪtɪˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˈdɪd͡ʒətəɡɹeɪd/ adj
digitigrade
(zoology) Of an animal: walking on the toes, putting the weight of the body mainly on the ball of the foot, with the back of the foot, or heel, raised.

digitigrade /-ɾə/ /ˈdɪdʒɪtɪˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˈdɪd͡ʒətəɡɹeɪd/ digitigrades n
digitigrade
(zoology, chiefly, in the plural) A digitigrade animal; an animal that walks on its toes, such as a cat or a dog.

digitizable adj
numérisable
Capable of being digitized.

digitization digitizations n
numérisation
(computing) The conversion of data or information from analog to digital or binary.

digitize /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪz/ v
numériser digitaliser
(transitive, computing) To represent something (such as an image or sound) as a structured sequence of binary digits.

digitizer /ˈdɪdʒɪtaɪzə(ɹ)/ digitizers n
digitaliseur numériseur

diglossia /ˌdaɪˈɡlɑsi.ə/ /ˌdaɪˈɡlɒsi.ə/ n
diglossie
(linguistics, sociology) The coexistence in a given population of two closely related native languages or dialects, one of which is regarded as more prestigious than the other; the similar coexistence of two unrelated languages. [from 1959]

dignified /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/ more dignified most dignified adj
digne
Having an attitude or bearing that connotes respectability and poise.

dignify /ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪ/ v
honorer
(transitive) To invest with dignity or honour.

dignitary /ˈdɪɡnɪtɹi/ dignitaries n
dignitaire
An important or influential person, or one of high rank or position.

dignity /ˈdɪɡnɪti/ dignities n
dignité
The state of being dignified or worthy of esteem: elevation of mind or character.
forme
Decorum, formality, stateliness.
dignité rang
High office, rank, or station.

digon /ˈdaɪɡən/ /ˈdaɪˌɡɑn/ /ˈdaɪˌɡɒn/ digons n
digone
(geometry) A polygon having two edges and two vertices.

digraph /ˈdaɪɡɹæf/ /ˈdaɪɡɹɑːf/ digraphs n
digramme
(computing) A two-character sequence used to enter a single conceptual character.
(linguistics) A pair of letters, especially a pair representing a single phoneme.

digress /daɪˈɡɹɛs/ /dɪˈɡɹɛs/ v
digresser dévier s'écarter
(intransitive) To step or turn aside; to deviate; to swerve; especially, to turn aside from the main subject of attention, or course of argument, in writing or speaking.

digression /daɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ /dɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ /dʌɪˈɡɹɛʃən/ digressions n
digression
(generally, _, uncountable) The act of straying from the main subject in speech or writing, (rhetoric) particularly for rhetorical effect.

dihydrogen monoxide /daɪˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n məˈnɒksaɪd/ /daɪˈhaɪdɹədʒən məˈnɑkˌsaɪd/ n
monoxyde de dihydrogène
(inorganic compound, usually, jocular) H₂O, water.

dilapidate /dəˈlæp.ə.deɪt/ /dɪˈlæp.ɪ.deɪt/ v
délabrer
(transitive) To cause to become ruined or put into disrepair.
dilapider
(transitive, figurative) To squander or waste.

dilapidated /dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtəd/ more dilapidated most dilapidated adj
délabré caduc infirme vieux
Having fallen into a state of disrepair or deterioration, especially through neglect.

dilapidation /dəˌlæp.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ dilapidations n
dilapidation dissipation délabrement détournement

dilapidator dilapidators n
dilapidateur
One who dilapidates; a person causing dilapidation.

dilatable more dilatable most dilatable adj
dilatable
That can be dilated

dilatation /dɪleɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdaɪleɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌdaɪləˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ dilatations n
dilatation

dilate /daɪˈleɪt/ v
dilater
(transitive) To enlarge; to make bigger.
se dilater
(intransitive) To become wider or larger; to expand.

dilation /daɪˈleɪʃən/ dilations n
dilatation

dilation and curettage n
curetage
(medicine) A surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet.

dilatory /daɪˈleɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈdɪlət(ə)ɹi/ adj
dilatoire
Intentionally delaying (someone or something), intended to cause delay, gain time, or adjourn decision.

dildo /ˈdɪldoʊ/ /ˈdɪldəʊ/ [ˈdɪɫdoʊ] [ˈdɪɫdəʊ] dildoes dildos n
godemichet dildo olisbos gode miché michet
An artificial phallus (penis) for sexual use.

dilemma /daɪˈlɛmə/ /dɪˈlɛmə/ dilemmas dilemmata n
dilemme
A circumstance in which a choice must be made between two or more alternatives that seem equally undesirable.
A difficult circumstance or problem.
(logic) A type of syllogism of the form "if A is true then B is true; if C is true then D is true; either A or C is true; therefore either B or D is true".

dilemmatic more dilemmatic most dilemmatic adj
dilemmatique
Of or relating to a dilemma

dilettante /dɪləˈtɒnti/ /dɪlɪˈtænti/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtænt/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtænt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnteɪ/ more dilettante most dilettante adj
dilettante
Pertaining to or like a dilettante.

dilettante /dɪləˈtɒnti/ /dɪlɪˈtænti/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtænt/ /ˈdɪlɪˌtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtænt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnt/ /ˌdɪlɪˈtɑnteɪ/ dilettantes dilettanti n
dilettante
An amateur, someone who dabbles in a field out of casual interest rather than as a profession or serious interest.

dilettantism dilettantisms n
dilettantisme
The act of behaving like a dilettante, of being an amateur or "dabbler", sometimes in the arts. Also the act of enjoying the arts, being a connoisseur.

diligence /ˈdɪlɪdʒəns/ diligences n
diligence assiduité
The qualities of a hard worker, including conscientiousness, determination, and perseverance.
diligence
(historical) A four-wheeled public stage-coach, widely used in France before the general establishment of the railways.

diligent /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/ more diligent most diligent adj
diligent industrieux
Performing with industrious concentration; hard-working and focused.

diligently more diligently most diligently adv
diligemment
In a diligent manner, with appropriate effort, carefully.

dill /dɪl/ dills n
aneth aneth odorant
Anethum graveolens (the type species of the genus Anethum), a herb, the seeds of which are moderately warming, pungent, and aromatic, formerly used as a soothing medicine for children; also known as dillseed.

dilly-dally /ˈdɪliˌdæli/ v
procrastiner
(intransitive) To dawdle; to waste time; to procrastinate.

dilutable more dilutable most dilutable adj
diluable
Capable of or, more strongly, suitable for being diluted.

dilute /daɪˈljuːt/ /daɪˈlut/ /dɪˈlut/ more dilute most dilute adj
dilué diluée
Having a low concentration.
faible
Weak; reduced in strength by dilution; diluted.

dilute /daɪˈljuːt/ /daɪˈlut/ /dɪˈlut/ v
diluer couper
(transitive) To make thinner by adding solvent to a solution, especially by adding water.

dilution /daɪˈljuːʃən/ /daɪˈluʃən/ /dɪˈluʃən/ dilutions n
dilution
The process of making something dilute.

diluvial /daɪˈluːvi.əl/ adj
diluvial
Relating to or produced by a flood or deluge.

dim /dɪm/ dimmer dimmest adj
faible tamisé
Not bright or colorful.
bête
(colloquial) Not smart or intelligent.
flou indistinct
Indistinct, hazy or unclear.

dim sum n
dimsum
The food served at a dim sum meal, typically including dumplings, seafood, and desserts.

dimension /daɪˈmɛnʃən/ /dɪˈmɛnʃən/ dimensions n
dimension
A single aspect of a given thing.
A measure of spatial extent in a particular direction, such as height, width or breadth, or depth.
A construct whereby objects or individuals can be distinguished.
(geometry) The number of independent coordinates needed to specify uniquely the location of a point in a space; also, any of such independent coordinates.
(linear algebra) The number of elements of any basis of a vector space.
(physics) One of the physical properties that are regarded as fundamental measures of a physical quantity, such as mass, length and time.
(computing) Any of the independent ranges of indices in a multidimensional array.
(science fiction, fantasy) A universe or plane of existence.

dimension /daɪˈmɛnʃən/ /dɪˈmɛnʃən/ v
dimensionner
(transitive) To mark, cut or shape something to specified dimensions.

dimension stone dimension stones n
pierre de taille

dimensional /-ʃnəl/ /daɪ-/ /dɪˈmɛnʃənəl/ more dimensional most dimensional adj
dimensionnel dimension
(mathematics) Appended to cardinal numbers or algebraic symbols to form adjectives meaning "having the stated number of dimensions".

dimensional analysis n
analyse dimensionnelle
(mathematics, physics) The study of the dimensions of physical quantities; used to obtain information about large complex systems, and as a means of checking mathematical and physics equations.

dimensionality /daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.tɪ/ /daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ɪ.tɪ/ /dɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.tɪ/ [daɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ɾɪ] [dɪˌmɛn.ʃəˈnæl.ə.ɾɪ] dimensionalities n
dimensionnalité
The state or characteristic of possessing dimensions.
(chiefly, _, mathematics, and, computing) The number of dimensions something has.

dimer /ˈdaɪmə(ɹ)/ dimers n
dimère endoestas
(chemistry) A molecule consisting of two identical halves, formed by joining two identical molecules, sometimes with a single atom acting as a bridge.

dimethylmercury n
diméthylmercure
(organic compound) An organometallic compound of mercury, (CH3)2Hg, that is a dangerous neurotoxin

diminish /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/ v
diminuer réduire amincir rapetisser rétrécir
(transitive) To lessen the authority or dignity of; to put down; to degrade; to abase; to weaken; to nerf (in gaming).

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ more diminutive most diminutive adj
minuscule diminutif
Very small.
diminutif
(obsolete) Serving to diminish.
(grammar) Of or pertaining to, or creating a word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.

diminutive /dəˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/ /dɪˈmɪn.jʊ.tɪv/ diminutives n
diminutif
(grammar) A word form expressing smallness, youth, unimportance, or endearment.

dimly /ˈdɪmli/ more dimly most dimly adv
confusément faiblement obscurément vaguement
In a dim manner; not clearly.

dimmable more dimmable most dimmable adj
dimmable graduable
Able to be dimmed; able to have illumination decreased in brightness.

dimmer /ˈdɪmə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɪmɚ/ dimmers n
gradateur variateur
A rheostat that is used to vary the intensity of a domestic electric light

dimorphism /daɪˈmɔːfɪzəm/ dimorphisms n
dimorphisme
(biology) The occurrence within a plant of two distinct forms of any part.

dimple /ˈdɪmpəl/ dimples n
alvéole
A small depression or indentation in a surface.
fossette
Specifically, a small natural depression on the skin, especially on the face near the corners of the mouth.

dimwit /ˈdɪmwɪt/ dimwits n
idiot abruti abrutie idiote sans-dessein
(pejorative) A person who is deficient in intelligence.

din /dɪn/ dins n
vacarme boucan
A loud noise; a cacophony or loud commotion.

dinar /ˈdiːnɑː(ɹ)/ dinars n
dinar
The official currency of several countries, including Algeria, Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Serbia, Tunisia and (as denar) North Macedonia.

dine /daɪn/ v
dîner diner
(intransitive) To eat; to eat dinner or supper.

dine and dash dine and dashes n
filouterie grivèlerie resto basket
(North America, informal) The crime of eating a meal in a restaurant and leaving without paying.

diner /ˈdaɪnə(ɹ)/ diners n
café-restaurant wagon-restaurant
(US) A typically small restaurant, usually modeled after a railroad dining car, that serves lower-class fare, normally having a counter with stools along one side and booths on the other, and often decorated in 50s and 60s pop culture themes and playing popular music from those decades.

ding /di(ː)ŋ/ v
bigner
(transitive) To hit or strike.
(transitive) To inflict minor damage upon, especially by hitting or striking.

ding dong /dɪŋ(ɡ)ˈdɒŋ(ɡ)/ interjection
drelin-drelin dring-dring
(onomatopoeia, colloquial, often, childish) The sound made by a doorbell.

dinghy /ˈdɪŋ(ɡ)i/ /ˈdɪŋ.i/ dinghies n
dinghy petit canoe youyou
(nautical) A small open boat, propelled by oars or paddles, carried as a tender, lifeboat, or pleasure craft on a ship.
dinghy
(nautical) An inflatable rubber life raft.

dingo /ˈdɪŋɡəʊ/ dingoes dingos n
dingo
A wild dog native to Australia (Canis familiaris, Canis familiaris dingo, Canis dingo, or Canis lupus dingo).

dining car dining cars n
wagon-restaurant
(rail) A carriage on a train that functions as a restaurant.

dining chair dining chairs n
chaise de salle à manger chaise de salon
A chair, usually in a dining room, designed to be used at a dining table.

dining hall dining halls n
cantine réfectoire
a large room, typically in schools or colleges, where people eat together

dining room dining rooms n
salle à manger
A room, in a home or hotel, where meals are eaten. Some restaurants provide private dining rooms for hire, away from the main public eating areas.

dining table dining tables n
table à manger
A table, usually in a dining room, on which meals are served.

dinitrogen n
diazote
(chemistry) the normal nitrogen molecule having two atoms

dinitrogen tetroxide n
peroxyde d'azote
(inorganic compound) A binary compound of nitrogen and oxygen, N2O4, that exists in equilibrium with nitrogen dioxide NO2; it is a powerful oxidizing agent and is used in rocket propellants.

dinky /ˈdɪŋki/ dinkier dinkiest adj
croquignolet mignon
(informal, British) Tiny and cute; small and attractive.
croquignolet
(informal, US) Tiny and insignificant; small and undesirable.

dinner /ˈdɪnə/ /ˈdɪnəɹ/ [ˈdɪnɚ] dinners n
déjeuner dîner
A midday meal (in a context in which the evening meal is called supper or tea).
dîner souper
The main meal of the day, often eaten in the evening.

dinner's ready phraseologicalUnit
à table !

dinosaur /ˈdaɪnəsɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdʌɪnəsɔːɹ/ dinosaurs n
dinosaure
(proscribed) Any extinct reptile, not necessarily belonging to Dinosauria, that existed between about 230 million and 65 million years ago.
(figuratively, colloquial) Something or someone that is very old or old-fashioned, or is not willing to change and adapt.

dinucleotide dinucleotides n
dinucléotide

diocesan /daɪˈɑsɪsən/ /dʌɪˈɒsɪsən/ adj
diocésain
Pertaining to a diocese.

diocese /-siz/ /ˈdaɪ.ə.sɪs/ dioceses n
diocèse éparchie
(religion) Region administered by a bishop.

diode /ˈdaɪoʊd/ /ˈdaɪəʊd/ diodes n
diode
(electronics) An electronic device that allows current to flow in one direction only; used chiefly as a rectifier.

dioecy /daɪˈiːsi/ n
dioécie
(botany) The condition of being dioecious, namely having separate sexes, especially of plants.

diol diols n
diol
(organic compound) any organic compound having two hydroxy functional groups

diopside /daɪˈɑpsaɪd/ /daɪˈɒpsaɪd/ diopsides n
diopside
(mineral) A monoclinic pyroxene mineral, a magnesium calcium silicate with the chemical formula CaMgSi2O6, found in igneous and metamorphic rocks.

dioptase dioptases n
dioptase
An intense emerald-green to bluish-green copper cyclosilicate mineral.

dioptrics n
dioptrique
the study of the refraction of light, especially by lenses

diorama dioramas n
diorama
A three-dimensional display of a scenery, often having a painted background in front of which models are arranged, e.g. in a museum where stuffed animals are presented against a painted landscape.

diorite /ˈdaɪ.əˌɹaɪt/ diorites n
diorite
(rock) A grey intrusive igneous rock composed mostly of plagioclase feldspar, biotite, hornblende and/or pyroxene.

dioritic more dioritic most dioritic adj
dioritique

dioxide /daɪˈɒksaɪd/ /ˈdaɪɔksaɪd/ dioxides n
dioxyde bioxyde
(chemistry) Any oxide containing two oxygen atoms in each molecule.

dioxin /daɪˈɑksən/ /daɪˈɒksɪn/ n
dioxine
(countable, organic compound) Any of a broad range of toxic or carcinogenic halogenated polycyclic compounds that occur as byproducts of herbicides.

dioxygen n
dioxygène
(inorganic chemistry) the normal allotrope of oxygen having two atoms per molecule; O₂
(inorganic chemistry, in combination) two atoms of oxygen in a molecule

dip /dɪp/ dips n
pendage
A lower section of a road or geological feature.
trempette
A sauce for dipping.

dip /dɪp/ v
tremper plonger baigner
(transitive) To lower (a flag), particularly a national ensign, to a partially hoisted position in order to render or to return a salute. While lowered, the flag is said to be “at the dip.” A flag being carried on a staff may be dipped by leaning it forward at an approximate angle of 45 degrees.

dip pen dip pens n
stylo plongeur

dipeptide /daɪˈpɛptaɪd/ dipeptides n
dipeptide
(biochemistry, organic chemistry) An organic compound formed from two amino acids joined by a peptide bond.

diphtheria /dɪfˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪfˈθɪɹi.ə/ /dɪpˈθɪəɹɪə/ /dɪpˈθɪɹi.ə/ diphtherias n
diphtérie
(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

diphthong /ˈdɪfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈdɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈdɪpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈdɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈdɪpˌθɔŋ/ diphthongs n
diphtongue
(phonetics) A complex vowel sound that begins with the sound of one vowel and ends with the sound of another vowel, in the same syllable.

diphthongisation diphthongisations n
diphtongaison
The process by which a single vowel sound (monophthong) shifts to a two-vowel vocalization (diphthong).

diphthongize v
diphtonguer
(transitive, phonetics) To change to a diphthong, as by inserting or removing a vowel.

diploblastic adj
diploblastique
(biology) Having two embryonic germ layers (the ectoderm and the endoderm)

diplococcus diplococci n
diplocoque

diplodocus diplodocuses n
diplodocus
Any of several herbivorous sauropod dinosaurs, of the genus Diplodocus, known as fossils from the late Jurassic in North America.

diploid adj
diploïde
(genetics) Of a cell, having a pair of each type of chromosome, one of the pair being derived from the ovum and the other from the spermatozoon. Most somatic cells of higher organisms are diploid.

diploidy diploidies n
diploïdie
(uncountable, genetics) The state of being diploid, having two sets of chromosomes.

diploma /dɪˈpləʊmə/ diplomas diplomata n
diplôme
A document issued by an educational institution testifying that the recipient has earned a degree or has successfully completed a particular course of study.

diploma mill diploma mills n
usine à diplômes
(education, pejorative) A disreputable university, churning out diplomas to unqualified students.

diplomacy /dɪˈploʊməsi/ /dɪˈpləʊməsi/ diplomacies n
diplomatie
The art and practice of conducting international relations by negotiating alliances, treaties, agreements etc., bilaterally or multilaterally, between states and sometimes international organizations, or even between polities with varying status, such as those of monarchs and their princely vassals.
Tact and subtle skill in dealing with people so as to avoid or settle hostility.

diplomat /ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/ diplomats n
diplomate
A person, such as an ambassador, who is accredited to represent a government officially in its relations with other governments or international organisations
(figuratively) Someone who uses skill and tact in dealing with other people

diplomatic /ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk/ more diplomatic most diplomatic adj
diplomatique
Concerning the relationships between the governments of countries.
Exhibiting diplomacy; exercising tact or courtesy; using discussion to avoid hard feelings, fights or arguments.

diplomatic corps diplomatic corps n
corps diplomatique
The collective body of foreign diplomats accredited to a particular country or body.

diplomatic immunity n
immunité diplomatique
A diplomat's immunity to prosecution and/or litigation under local law.

diplomatically more diplomatically most diplomatically adv
diplomatiquement
In a diplomatic manner.

diplomatics diplomatics n
diplomatique
The science of authenticating, dating, and interpreting old official documents.

dipluran diplurans n
diploure
Any of various hexapods, of the order Diplura.

dipole /ˈdaɪˌpoʊl/ /ˈdʌɪpəʊl/ dipoles n
dipôle
(physics) Any object (such as a magnet, polar molecule or antenna) that is oppositely charged at two points (or poles).
(chemistry) Any molecule or radical that has delocalised positive and negative charges.

dipped headlight dipped headlights n
feux de croisement
The main light on a motor vehicle, with the beam in a lower angle position, to enable oncoming traffic to see.

dipper /ˈdɪpə/ /ˈdɪpɚ/ dippers n
louche
A cup-shaped vessel with a long handle, for dipping into and ladling out liquids; a ladle or scoop.

dipshit /ˈdɪpʃɪt/ dipshits n
connerie daube glandu merde saloperie trou du cul
(slang, derogatory, vulgar, countable) A stupid, obnoxious or undesirable person.

dipsology /dɪpˈsɒləd͡ʒi/ n
dipsologie
The study of the thirst for alcoholic beverages.

dipsomania /ˌdɪpsə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ dipsomanias n
dipsomanie
(disease) Addiction to alcohol.

dipstick /ˈdɪpstɪk/ dipsticks n
jauge
A stick or rod used to measure the depth of a liquid. Often used to check the level at which a liquid in an opaque or inaccessible tank or reservoir stands; gauge.

dipteral adj
diptère
Having two wings only.

diptote /ˈdɪptoʊt/ diptotes n
diptote
(grammar) A noun which has only two cases.

diptych /ˈdɪptɪk/ diptychs n
diptyque
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on two tablets, usually connected by hinges.

dipyramid dipyramids n
bipyramide diamant dipyramide
In geometry, any of a class of solids formed from two pyramids placed symmetrically base to base.

dire /ˈdaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ direr direst more dire most dire adj
funeste sinistre
Warning of bad consequences: ill-boding; portentous.
terrible extrême pressant
Requiring action to prevent bad consequences: urgent, pressing.
terrible extrême
Expressing bad consequences: dreadful; dismal.

dire straits n
mauvaise passe
A difficult position.

direct /d(a)ɪˈɹɛkt/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/ /dəˈɹɛkt/ more direct most direct adj
direct
Proceeding without deviation or interruption.

direct /d(a)ɪˈɹɛkt/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛkt/ /dəˈɹɛkt/ v
mettre en scène
To point out to or show (somebody) the right course or way; to guide, as by pointing out the way.
(dated) To address (a letter) to a particular person or place.
mettre en scène ordonner
To point out to with authority; to instruct as a superior; to order.

direct action direct actions n
action directe
A form of political activism in which participants act directly, ignoring established political procedures. It may take the form of strikes, workplace occupations, sabotage, sit-ins, squatting, revolutionary/guerrilla warfare, demonstrations, vandalism or graffiti.

direct case direct cases n
cas direct
(grammar) A noun case which covers the nominative and possibly other cases such as vocative and/or accusative (the precise definition depends on the case system in question; the term is used especially in simple systems with two or three cases)

direct cost direct costs n
coût direct

direct current direct currents n
courant continu
(physics) An electric current that always flows in the same direction but may differ in intensity over time.

direct debit direct debits n
ordre permanent
a single order to allow a commercial, or similar entity to charge directly to one's bank for a regular payment.

direct democracy direct democracies n
démocratie directe

direct deposit direct deposits n
dépôt direct
(finance, banking, business) A deposit of money straight from the source (and initiated by the source) into a bank account, by wire, or other means.

direct flight direct flights n
vol direct
(ornithology) A flight where the bird's altitude does not change significantly with each wingbeat.

direct free kick direct free kicks n
coup franc direct
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored directly

direct object direct objects n
C.O.D. complément d'objet direct
(grammar, in languages without cases) The noun or noun phrase that a verb is directly acting upon.

direct speech n
discours direct
(grammar, narratology) the writing of speech, using the exact words of the speaker, usually between quotation marks

directable more directable most directable adj
dirigeable
Able to be directed.

directed graph directed graphs n
graphe orienté
(graph theory) A graph in which the edges are ordered pairs, so that, if the edge (a, b) is in the graph, the edge (b, a) need not be in the graph and is distinct from (a, b) if it is.

directeur sportif directeurs sportifs n
directeur sportif
The manager of a cycle racing team.

direction /d(a)ɪˈɹɛk.ʃən/ directions n
direction
A theoretical line (physically or mentally) followed from a point of origin or towards a destination. May be relative (e.g. up, left, outbound, dorsal), geographical (e.g. north), rotational (e.g. clockwise), or with respect to an object or location (e.g. toward Boston).
direction régie
The work of the director in cinema or theater; the skill of directing a film, play etc.

directions /d(a)ɪˈɹɛk.ʃənz/ n
mode d'emploi
Instructions for how to reach a destination or how to do something

directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dəˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ adj
directif directive
That which directs; serving to direct, indicate, or guide.

directive /daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dəˈɹɛk.tɪv/ /dɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/ directives n
directive
An instruction or guideline that indicates how to perform an action or reach a goal.
An authoritative decision from an official body, which may or may not have binding force.
(European Union law) A form of legislative act addressed to the member states. The directive binds the member state to reach certain objectives in their national legislation.

directly /daɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ /dɪˈɹɛk(t)li/ more directly most directly adv
tout droit
directement
In a direct manner; in a straight line or course.

directly proportional adj
directement proportionnel
(mathematics) Proportional to a constant multiple of an independent variable.

director /daɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /daɪˈɹɛktɚ/ /daɪ̯əˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktə(ɹ)/ /dɪˈɹɛktɚ/ directors directress directrix n
directeur directrice régisseur régisseuse
One who directs; the person in charge of managing a department or directorate (e.g., director of engineering), project, or production (as in a show or film, e.g., film director).

director general director generals directors general directors generals n
directeur général
The highest executive officer within a governmental, statutory, NGO, third sector or not-for-profit institution. In reference to government, the executive officer below the minister of the department.

director's cut director's cuts n
version d'auteur
(film) A specially edited version of a piece of media, especially a film, that is supposed to represent the director's own approved edit of the media, and is released some time after the original release of the media.

directorate /daɪˈɹɛktəɹət/ /dɪˈɹɛktəɹət/ directorates n
direction
An agency headed by a director, usually a subdivision of a major government department.

directory /daɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ /dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/ directories n
dossier répertoire annuaire
A list of names, addresses etc, of specific classes of people or organizations, often in alphabetical order or in some classification.
répertoire dossier
(computing) A structured listing of the names and characteristics of the files on a storage device.

directory service directory services n
service d'annuaire
(computing) The software system that stores, organizes and provides access to information in a map between names and values.

directrix directrices directrixes n
directrice
(geometry) A line used to define a curve or surface; especially a line, the distance from which a point on a conic has a constant ratio to that from the focus.

dirge /dɜːdʒ/ /dɝd͡ʒ/ dirges n
chant funèbre
A mournful poem or piece of music composed or performed as a memorial to a dead person.

dirham dirhams n
dirham
A unit of currency used in the Arab world, currently the name of the currency of Morocco and the United Arab Emirates.

dirigible /ˈdɪɹ.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/ more dirigible most dirigible adj
dirigeable
steerable

dirigible /ˈdɪɹ.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈdɪɹɪdʒəbəɫ/ dirigibles n
dirigeable ballon dirigeable
(aviation) A self-propelled airship that can be steered.

dirk /dɜːk/ /dɝk/ dirks n
dirk
A long Scottish dagger with a straight blade.

dirndl /ˈdɜɹnd(ə)l/ /ˈdɜːndl̩/ [ˈdɚndɫ̩] [ˈdɪəndəɫ] dirndls n
dirndl
A traditional Alpine woman's dress having a tight bodice and full skirt.

dirt /dɜːt/ /dɝt/ dirts n
saleté terre boue ordure
(chiefly, US) Soil or earth.
saleté ordure salissure tache
A stain or spot (on clothes etc); any foreign substance that worsens appearance.
saleté kompromat ordure
Previously unknown facts or rumors about a person.
saleté ordure
(figurative) Meanness; sordidness.
(mining) In placer mining, earth, gravel, etc., before washing.
Freckles.

dirt road dirt roads n
chemin de terre piste
An unpaved road consisting solely of subgrade material.

dirtiness dirtinesses n
saleté
The state or quality of being dirty.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] dirtier dirtiest adj
sale
Unclean; covered with or containing unpleasant substances such as dirt or grime.
Dishonourable; violating accepted standards or rules.
Corrupt, illegal, or improper.
Of color, discolored by impurities.
salissant
That makes one unclean; corrupting, infecting.
cochon sale
Morally unclean; obscene or indecent, especially sexually.
modifié
(computing) Containing data needing to be written back to memory or disk.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] more dirty most dirty adv
salement
In a dirty manner.

dirty /ˈdɜːti/ /ˈdɝti/ [ˈdɝɾi] v
salir
(transitive) To make (something) dirty.
salir avilir
(transitive) To stain or tarnish (somebody) with dishonor.
salir se salir
(intransitive) To become soiled.

dirty blonde more dirty blonde most dirty blonde adj
châtain clair
Of a dark blonde colour/color bordering on light brown.

dirty bomb dirty bombs n
bombe sale
A device containing conventional explosives and radioactive material, designed to spread radiation over a wide area.

dirty grease n
cambouis

dirty joke dirty jokes n
blague de cul
A joke with a morally objectionable or obscene punchline.

dirty laundry n
linge sale
(idiom) Unflattering or embarrassing facts, or questionable activities that one wants to remain secret, but which someone else may use as blackmail.

dirty look dirty looks n
regard noir regarder de travers
(idiomatic) An unpleasant or disdainful look or expression, often directed at someone.

dirty money n
argent sale
(idiomatic, business, law) Money that is illegally gained, illegally transferred or illegally utilized, especially money gained through forgery, bribery, prostitution, money laundering, or theft.

dirty old man dirty old men n
vieux cochon
(derogatory) An adult male who acts in a lecherous or lewd manner, especially towards people younger than him.

dirty trick dirty tricks n
coup bas coup de pute sale coup
An unkind trick.

dirty war dirty wars n
guerre sale
(historical) A conflict (particularly one in South America) between a dictatorship against leftist revolutionaries or activists, typically characterized by extrajudicial repression like kidnapping, torture and enforced disappearance.

dirty word /ˈdɚɾijˌwɝd/ /ˈdɜːtiˌwɜːd/ dirty words n
gros mot
A word that is considered vulgar, not necessarily sexual in nature.

dirty work n
basse besogne sale boulot

dis- /dɪs/ prefix
dé-
Expressing separation or removal.

disability /dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ disabilities n
invalidité
Want of legal qualification to do a thing; legal incapacity or incompetency.
pension d'invalidité
(uncountable, informal) Regular payments received by a disabled person, usually from the state

disability sport disability sports n
handisport
(countable, sport) A sport played by people with a physical disability

disable /dɪsˈeɪbəl/ /dɪzˈeɪbəl/ v
désactiver
(chiefly, electronics, computing) To deactivate, to make inoperational (especially of a function of an electronic or mechanical device).

disabled [dɪsˈeɪbəɫd] more disabled most disabled adj
handicapé infirme invalide handicapée
Having a disability.

disabled sport disabled sports n
sport adapté
(countable, sports) A sport played by people with a physical disability

disabuse /dɪsəˈbjuːz/ v
détromper
(transitive) To free (someone) of a misconception or misapprehension; to unveil a falsehood held by (someone).

disaccharide /daɪˈsækəɹaɪd/ disaccharides n
diholoside disaccharide
(carbohydrate) Any sugar, such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, consisting of two monosaccharides combined together.

disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ disadvantages n
désavantage
A weakness or undesirable characteristic; a con.
A setback or handicap.

disadvantageous /dɪsˌædvənˈteɪdʒəs/ more disadvantageous most disadvantageous adj
désavantageux
Not advantageous.

disaffected /dɪsəˈfɛktɪd/ more disaffected most disaffected adj
rebelle
Alienated or estranged, often with hostile effect; rebellious, resentful; disloyal.

disaffiliation disaffiliations n
désaffiliation
The termination of an affiliation; the act of ceasing to be associated with something.

disagreeable [dɪsəˈɡɹi.əbəɫ] more disagreeable most disagreeable adj
désagréable
Causing repugnance; unpleasant to the feelings or senses; displeasing.
incompatible
(archaic) Not suitable; that does not conform or fit.

disagreement /dɪsəˈɡɹiːmənt/ disagreements n
désaccord
An argument or debate.
A condition of not agreeing or concurring.

disambiguate /dɪ.samˈbɪɡjuːeɪt/ v
désambiguïser désambigüiser
To remove ambiguities from; to make less ambiguous; to clarify or specify which of multiple possibilities applies – e.g., possible meanings of an ambiguous statement – or to invite or require this.

disambiguation /dɪsæmˌbɪɡjuːˈeɪʃən/ disambiguations n
désambiguïsation
The removal of ambiguity.

disappear /dɪsəˈpiːɹ/ /dɪsəˈpɪə/ /dɪsəˈpɪɹ/ v
disparaître
(intransitive) To vanish.
(transitive, often, euphemistic) To make vanish; especially, to abduct or murder for political reasons.

disappearance /dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/ disappearances n
disparition
The action of disappearing or vanishing.

disappoint /dɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnt/ v
décevoir désappointer
(transitive) To sadden or displease (someone) by underperforming, or by not delivering something promised or hoped for.

disappointed /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/ more disappointed most disappointed adj
déçu
Defeated of expectations or hope; experiencing disappointment; let down.

disappointer disappointers n
décepteur
One who or that which disappoints (all senses).

disappointing more disappointing most disappointing adj
décevant
Causing disappointment.

disappointment /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/ disappointments n
déception désappointement
(countable) An example or the act of disappointing: a circumstance in which a positive expectation is not achieved.

disapproval /dɪsəˈpɹuvəl/ [dɪsəˈpɹuːvəɫ] disapprovals n
désapprobation
The act of disapproving; condemnation.

disapprove /dɪsəˈpɹuːv/ v
désapprouver
(intransitive) To condemn; to consider wrong or inappropriate; used with of.

disarm /dɪsˈɑɹm/ /dɪsˈɑː(ɹ)m/ v
désarmer
(transitive) To deprive of weapons; to deprive of the means of attack or defense; to render defenseless.
(transitive) To deprive of the means or the disposition to harm; to render harmless or innocuous.

disarmament /dɪsˈɑː(r)məmənt/ disarmaments n
désarmement
The reduction or the abolition of the military forces and armaments of a nation, and of its capability to wage war.

disarray /dɪsəˈɹeɪ/ n
désordre désarroi zizanie
Lack of array or regular order; disorder; confusion.

disassemble /dɪs.əˈsɛm.bəɫ/ v
démonter désassembler
To take to pieces; to reverse the process of assembly.

disassembler disassemblers n
désassembleur
(computing) A computer program that examines another computer program and attempts to generate assembly language source code that would, in theory, reproduce the target program.

disassembly /dɪsəˈsɛmbli/ disassemblies n
démontage désassemblage
The process of disassembling.
désassemblage
(computing, countable) The code generated by a disassembler.

disaster /dɪˈzæs.tə/ /dɪˈzæs.tɚ/ /dɪˈzɑːs.tə(ɹ)/ disasters n
désastre catastrophe
An unexpected natural or man-made catastrophe of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life or sometimes permanent change to the natural environment.
désastre
An unforeseen event causing great loss, upset or unpleasantness of whatever kind.

disaster area disaster areas n
région sinistrée zone sinistrée
An area that has been the site of a natural disaster that receives an official designation entitling residents and organizations within that area to receive relief and benefits.

disaster tourism n
tourisme de catastrophe

disastrous /dɪˈzɑːstɹəs/ more disastrous most disastrous adj
désastreux
Of the nature of a disaster; calamitous.

disavow /dɪsəˈvaʊ/ v
désavouer
(transitive) To strongly and solemnly refuse to own or acknowledge; to deny responsibility for, approbation of, and the like.
désapprouver désavouer
(transitive) To deny; to show the contrary of; to deny legitimacy or achievement of any kind.

disavowal [dɪsəˈvaʊ(ə)ɫ] disavowals n
désaveu reniement
A denial of knowledge, relationship, or responsibility towards something or someone.

disband /dɪsˈbænd/ v
dissoudre décommissionner démanteler
(ambitransitive) To break up or (cause to) cease to exist; to disperse.

disbelieve /dɪsbɪˈliːv/ v
croire mécroire
To not believe; to exercise disbelief.

disburse /dɪsˈbɝs/ [dɪsˈpɝs] v
débourser
(finance) To pay out, expend; usually from a public fund or treasury.

disc brake disc brakes n
frein à disque
(automotive, British spelling) A type of brake where the friction is produced by brake pads which are pressed against a disc.

disc jockey /ˌdɪsk ˈdʒɒki/ disc jockeys n
disc jockey DJ DJette
(dated, radio) A person who conducts a radio program of recorded music combined with talk, news, commercials, weather, etc.
A person who plays, and sometimes mixes, recorded music at nightclubs, dances, parties, or some other social event; and/or as a backup musician for spoken word, or hip hop performers.

discalced /dɪsˈkælst/ adj
déchaux
(Roman Catholicism) Pertaining to a religious order that historically forswore the wearing of shoes. [from 17th c.]

discard /dɪsˈkɑɹd/ /dɪsˈkɑːd/ /ˈdɪskɑɹd/ /ˈdɪskɑːd/ v
écarter rejeter
(transitive) To throw away, to reject.
défausser
(intransitive, card games) To make a discard; to throw out a card.

discern /dɪˈsɜːn/ /dɪˈsɝn/ /dɪˈzɜːn/ /dɪˈzɝn/ v
discerner
(transitive) To detect with the senses, especially with the eyes.
(transitive) To perceive, recognize, or comprehend with the mind; to descry.
(transitive) To distinguish something as being different from something else; to differentiate or discriminate.

discharge /dɪsˈtʃɑɹdʒ/ /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑɹdʒ/ /ˈdɪstʃɑːdʒ/ discharges n
licenciement
(military) The act of releasing a member of the armed forces from service.
débit
(hydrology) The volume of water transported by a river in a certain amount of time, usually in units of m3/s (cubic meters per second).

disciple /dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/ disciples n
disciple
A person who learns from another, especially one who then teaches others.
An active follower or adherent of someone, or some philosophy etc.

disciplinary /dɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ə.pləˌnɛɹi/ more disciplinary most disciplinary adj
disciplinaire
For the purpose of imposing punishment.

discipline /ˈdɪs.ə.plən/ /ˈdɪs.ə.plɪn/ /ˈdɪs.ɪ.plɪn/ disciplines n
discipline
A controlled behaviour; self-control.
A state of order based on submission to authority.
A systematic method of obtaining obedience.
An enforced compliance or control.
discipline pénalité
A punishment to train or maintain control.
discipline branche
A category in which a certain art, sport or other activity belongs.
A specific branch of knowledge, learning, or practice.

disciplined /ˈdɪsɪplɪnd/ more disciplined most disciplined adj
discipliné
Possessing mental discipline.

disclaimer /dɪsˈkleɪm.ə/ /dɪsˈkleɪm.ɚ/ disclaimers n
clause de non-responsabilité
A public disavowal, as of responsibility, pretensions, claims, opinions, etc.

disclose /dɪsˈkləʊz/ v
découvrir laisser voir
(transitive) To uncover, physically expose to view.
divulguer dévoiler révéler
(transitive) To expose to the knowledge of others; to make known, state openly, reveal.

disclosure /dɪsˈkloʊʒɚ/ /dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/ disclosures n
révélation divulgation propagation publication
(legal) The making known of a previously hidden fact or series of facts to another party; the act of disclosing.

disco /ˈdɪskoʊ/ /ˈdɪskəʊ/ discos n
discothèque boîte de nuit
(uncountable, music genre) A genre of dance music that was popular in the 1970s, characterized by elements of soul music with a strong Latin-American beat and often accompanied by pulsating lights.

disco ball /ˈdɪskoʊ ˌbɑːl/ /ˈdɪskoʊ ˌbɔːl/ /ˈdɪskəʊ ˌbɔːl/ disco balls n
boule à facettes boule disco
A suspended rotating mirrored sphere which casts moving spots of light across a room when light is projected on it.

discobolus discoboli n
discobole
A statue of a discus thrower.

discography /ˌdɪsˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌdɪsˈkɒɡɹəfi/ discographies n
discographie
List of all of the releases of a certain musical act, usually with release dates, and often with other information about the releases.

discoid more discoid most discoid adj
discoïde
Shaped like a disc/disk.

discoloration discolorations n
décoloration
The act of discoloring, or the state of being discolored; alteration of hue or appearance.

discombobulate /ˌdɪs.kəmˈbɒb.jəˌleɪt/ v
déconcerter déconfire décontenancer
(transitive, humorous) To throw into a state of confusion; to befuddle or perplex.

discomfit /dɪsˈkʌmfɪt/ v
déconfire
(transitive) To embarrass (someone) greatly; to confuse; to perplex; to disconcert.

discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfət/ /dɪsˈkʌmfɚt/ discomforts n
inconfort
Mental or bodily distress.
Something that disturbs one’s comfort; an annoyance.

disconcert /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːt/ /ˌdɪskənˈsɝt/ v
confondre déconcerter frustrer perturber

disconcerting /ˌdɪskənˈsɜːtɪŋ/ /ˌdɪskənˈsɝtɪŋ/ more disconcerting most disconcerting adj
troublant
Tending to cause discomfort, uneasiness or alarm.

disconnect /dɪskəˈnɛkt/ /ˈdɪskənɛkt/ disconnects n
déconnecter
A break or interruption in an existing connection, continuum, or process; disconnection.

disconsolate /dɪsˈkɑnsəlɪt/ /dɪsˈkɒnsəlɪt/ more disconsolate most disconsolate adj
inconsolable
Seemingly beyond consolation; inconsolable.

discontent /ˌdɪskənˈtɛnt/ discontents n
mécontentement protestation

discontinue /dɪskənˈtɪnju/ v
arrêter cesser la production de discontinuer interrompre retirer du marché
(transitive) To interrupt the continuance of; to put an end to, especially as regards commercial productions; to stop producing, making, or supplying.

discontinued /ˌdɪskənˈtɪnjuːd/ adj
cessé
(Of a product) Permanently no longer available for sale

discord /dɪsˈkɔɹd/ /dɪsˈkɔːd/ /ˈdɪskɔɹd/ /ˈdɪskɔːd/ discords n
discorde désaccord
Lack of concord, agreement or harmony.
discorde dispute dissension
Tension or strife resulting from a lack of agreement; dissension.
dissonance
(music) An inharmonious combination of simultaneously sounded tones; a dissonance.

discotheque /ˈdɪskoʊˌtɛk/ /ˈdɪskəˌtɛk/ discotheques n
discothèque
(dated) A nightclub where dancing takes place.

discount /dɪsˈkaʊnt/ /ˈdɪskaʊnt/ discounts n
rabais discompte promotion
A reduction in price.

discount card discount cards n
carte de réduction

discourage /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒ/ /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
décourager démoraliser
(transitive) To extinguish the courage of; to dishearten; to depress the spirits of; to deprive of confidence; to deject.
dissuader
(transitive) To persuade somebody not to do (something).

discouraged /dɪsˈkɝɪd͡ʒd/ /dɪsˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒd/ more discouraged most discouraged adj
déconseillé
unrecommended; unprescribed.

discouraging /dɪsˈkɝ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ /dɪsˈkʌɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪŋ/ adj
décourageant démotivant
That causes discouragement.

discourse /dɪsˈko(ː)ɹs/ /dɪsˈkoəs/ /dɪsˈkɔː(ɹ)s/ /ˈdɪsko(ː)ɹs/ /ˈdɪskoəs/ /ˈdɪskɔː(ɹ)s/ discourses n
discussion exposé
discours conversation
(uncountable, archaic) Verbal exchange, conversation.
discours
(uncountable) Expression in words, either speech or writing.
(countable) A formal lengthy exposition of some subject, either spoken or written.

discourteous /dɪsˈkɜːtɪəs/ more discourteous most discourteous adj
discourtois
impolite; lacking consideration for others

discover /dɪsˈkʊvə/ /dɪsˈkʌvə/ /dɪsˈkʌvɚ/ v
découvrir
To find or learn something for the first time.
(transitive, now, rare) To expose, uncover.

discovered check discovered checks n
échec à la découverte
(chess) A check by means of a discovered attack against the opponent's king.

discoverer discoverers n
découvreur
One who discovers: a person who has discovered something.

discovery /dɪsˈkʌvəɹi/ discoveries n
découverte
Something discovered.
(uncountable) The discovering of new things.

discredit /dɪsˈkɹed.ɪt/ /dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ discredits n
discrédit
(countable, or, uncountable) Discrediting or disbelieving.
(uncountable) The state of being discredited or disbelieved.

discredit /dɪsˈkɹed.ɪt/ /dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/ v
discréditer
(transitive) To harm the good reputation of a person; to cause an idea or piece of evidence to seem false or unreliable.

discreditation discreditations n
discréditation
The act or process of discrediting or of being discredited

discreet /dɪˈskɹiːt/ discreeter discreetest more discreet most discreet adj
discret
Respectful of privacy or secrecy; exercising caution in order to avoid causing embarrassment; quiet; diplomatic.
Not drawing attention, anger or challenge; inconspicuous.

discreetly more discreetly most discreetly adv
discrètement
Acting in a discreet manner; acting in a way that respects privacy or secrecy; quietly
inconspicuously

discrepancy /dɪsˈkɹɛpənsi/ discrepancies n
incohérence désaccord
An inconsistency between facts or sentiments.

discrete /dɪˈskɹiːt/ more discrete most discrete adj
distinct
Separate; distinct; individual; non-continuous.

discrete mathematics n
mathématiques discrètes
(mathematics) Collectively, most discrete or computer science-related branches of mathematics, such as graph theory and combinatorics.

discretion /dɪˈskɹɛʃən/ discretions n
discrétion
The quality of being discreet.
The ability to make wise choices or decisions.

discretionary /dɪsˈkɹɛʃəˌnɛɹi/ /dɪˈskɹɛʃən(ə)ɹi/ more discretionary most discretionary adj
discrétionnaire
Available at one's discretion; able to be used as one chooses; left to or regulated by one's own discretion or judgment.

discretization discretizations n
discrétisation
(mathematics, computing, cognitive science) The act of discretizing, or dividing a continuous object or spectrum into a finite number of discrete elements

discretize v
discrétiser
(transitive, mathematics, computing) To convert (a continuous space) into an equivalent discrete space, often for the purposes of easier calculation.

discriminant discriminants n
discriminant
(geometry) The invariant (on the vector space of forms of degree d in n variables) that vanishes exactly when the corresponding hypersurface in Pn-1 is singular.

discriminate /dɪˈskɹɪm.əˌneɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.əˌnæɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ /dɪˈskɹɪm.ɪ.nət/ v
discriminer
(intransitive, construed with against) To make decisions based on prejudice.
(transitive) To set apart as being different; to mark as different; to separate from another by discerning differences; to distinguish.

discrimination /dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/ discriminations n
discrimination
(uncountable, countable) Discernment, the act of discriminating, discerning, distinguishing, noting or perceiving differences between things, with the intent to understand rightly and make correct decisions. [from early 17th c.]
(uncountable, countable, sometimes, with, "against") Differential treatment of an individual or group to their disadvantage; treatment or consideration based on class or category rather than individual merit; partiality; prejudice; bigotry. [from early 19th c.]

discriminator discriminators n
discriminateur discriminatrice
A person who discriminates, as:

discriminatory /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnət(ə)ɹɪ/ /dɪsˈkɹɪmɪnəˌtɔɹi/ /dɪˌskɹɪmɪˈneɪt(ə)rɪ/ more discriminatory most discriminatory adj
discriminateur discriminatif discriminatoire
Of or pertaining to discrimination (in all senses).

discursion /dɪˈskɜːʃən/ /dɪˈskɜːʒən/ /dɪˈskɝʒən/ discursions n
errance vagabondage
(obsolete, rare) The action of hurriedly moving hither and thither.
digression détours
(rare, figuratively) Digression.
discursion
(philosophy) Ratiocination; step-by-step philosophical reasoning, as opposed to intuition.

discus /ˈdɪs.kəs/ discuses n
disque
A round plate-like object that is thrown for sport.
(uncountable, athletics) The athletics event of discus throw.

discus throw n
lancer du disque
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is a heavy lenticular disc called discus.

discus thrower discus throwers n
lanceur de disque lanceuse de disque
(athletics) An athlete who takes part in the discus throw.

discuss /dɪˈskas/ /dɪˈskʊs/ /dɪˈskʌs/ v
discuter débattre s'entretenir sur
(transitive) To converse or debate concerning a particular topic.

discussion /dɪsˈkʊʃən/ /dɪˈskʌʃən/ discussions n
discussion
Conversation or debate concerning a particular topic.

disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ /dɪˈsteɪn/ n
mépris dédain
(uncountable) A feeling of contempt or scorn.

disdain /dɪsˈdeɪn/ /dɪˈsteɪn/ v
dédaigner mépriser
(transitive) To regard (someone or something) with strong contempt.

disdainful /dɪsˈdeɪn.fəl/ more disdainful most disdainful adj
dédaigneux
Showing contempt or scorn; having a pronounced lack of concern for others viewed as unworthy.

disease /dəˈziz/ /dɪˈziz/ /dɪˈziːz/ diseases n
maladie mal
(medicine) An abnormal condition of a human, animal or plant that causes discomfort or dysfunction; distinct from injury insofar as the latter is usually instantaneously acquired.

diseased /dɪˈzizd/ /dɪˈziːzd/ more diseased most diseased adj
malade
Affected with or suffering from disease.

disembark /ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑɹk/ /ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑːk/ v
débarquer
(transitive) To remove from on board a vessel; to put on shore
(intransitive) To go ashore out of a ship or boat; to leave a train or aircraft.

disembarkation /ˌdɪsɪmbɑːˈkeɪʃən/ disembarkations n
débarquement

disembarkment syndrome n
mal de débarquement

disembodied /dɪsɪmˈbɒdiːd/ more disembodied most disembodied adj
désincarné
Having no material body, immaterial; incorporeal or insubstantial.

disembowel [dɪsɪmˈbaʊ(ə)ɫ] v
éviscérer éventrer étriper
(transitive) To take or let out the bowels or interior parts of; to eviscerate.

disenchant /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃænt/ /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːnt/ /ˌdɪsɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ v
désenchanter
(transitive, of a person) To free from illusion, false belief or enchantment; to undeceive or disillusion.

disenchantment /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃæntmənt/ /ˌdɪsɪnˈtʃɑːntmənt/ disenchantments n
désenchantement

disenclave v
désenclaver

disencumber v
déshypothéquer
(transitive) To remove an encumbrance or burden from (someone or something); unburden.

disenfranchised more disenfranchised most disenfranchised adj
défavorisé
Not represented; especially, not having the right to vote.

disengage /ˌdɪsɪŋˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ v
désengager
(ambitransitive) To release or loosen from something that binds, entangles, holds, or interlocks.

disentangle [ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡəɫ] v
démêler
(transitive) To free something from entanglement; to extricate or unknot.

disfavor disfavors n
défaveur

disfavour /dɪsˈfeɪvə(ɹ)/ disfavours n
défaveur
A state of being out of favour.

disfavour /dɪsˈfeɪvə(ɹ)/ v
défaveur
(British spelling) To show lack of favour or antipathy towards.

disfigure /dɪsˈfɪɡjɚ/ /dɪsˈfɪɡə/ v
défigurer
to change the appearance of something/someone to the negative.

disgorge /dɪsˈɡɔːdʒ/ v
vomir
To vomit or spew, to discharge.

disgrace /dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/ /dɪzˈɡɹeɪs/ disgraces n
disgrâce honte ignominie
The condition of being out of favor; loss of favor, regard, or respect.

disgraceful [dɪsˈɡɹeɪsfəɫ] [dɪzˈɡɹeɪsfəɫ] disgracefuller disgracefullest more disgraceful most disgraceful adj
honteux déshonorant ignominieux scandaleux
Bringing or warranting disgrace; shameful.

disgruntled /dɪsˈɡɹʌntl̩d/ more disgruntled most disgruntled adj
frustré malheureux
insatisfait mécontent
Unhappy; dissatisfied

disgruntlement /dɪsˈɡɹʌntəlmɪnt/ disgruntlements n
insatisfaction
The state of being disgruntled, usually displayed in a stereotypical form such as frowning and annoyance; the acts of sulky dissatisfaction.

disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ /dɪzˈɡaɪz/ /dɪˈskaɪz/ disguises n
déguisement
Material (such as clothing, makeup, a wig) used to alter one’s visual appearance in order to hide one's identity or assume another.

disguise /dɪsˈɡaɪz/ /dɪzˈɡaɪz/ /dɪˈskaɪz/ v
déguiser
(transitive) To change the appearance of (a person or thing) so as to hide, or to assume an identity.

disgust /dɪsˈɡʌst/ /dɪzˈɡʌst/ /dɪˈskʌst/ n
dégoût
An intense dislike or loathing someone feels for something bad or nasty.

disgust /dɪsˈɡʌst/ /dɪzˈɡʌst/ /dɪˈskʌst/ v
dégoûter
To cause an intense dislike for something.

disgusting /dɪsˈkʌstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʊstɪŋ/ /dɪsˈɡʌstɪŋ/ /dɪˈskʊstɪŋ/ disgustinger disgustingest more disgusting most disgusting adj
dégoûtant dégueulasse immonde
Causing disgust; repulsive; distasteful.

dish /dɪʃ/ dishes n
plat assiette
A vessel such as a plate for holding or serving food, often flat with a depressed region in the middle.
plat
The contents of such a vessel.
plat mets
(metonym) A specific type of prepared food.
vaisselle
(in the plural) Tableware (including cutlery, etc, as well as crockery) that is to be or is being washed after being used to prepare, serve and eat a meal.
parabole
(telecommunication) A type of antenna with a similar shape to a plate or bowl.
canon
(slang) A sexually attractive person.

dish rack dish racks n
égouttoir
A perforated rack on which washed dishes, etc. may be placed in order to dry.

dish towel dish towels n
torchon essuie de vaisselle
A piece of absorbent cloth for drying or wiping dishes, cups or silverware

dish up v
servir
(transitive) To serve (cooked food); to take (food) from the oven, pots, etc. and put in dishes to be served at table.

disharmonious /dɪshɑːˈməʊni.əs/ more disharmonious most disharmonious adj
dysharmonique
Not harmonious; lacking harmony.

disharmony /dɪsˈhɑrməni/ /dɪsˈhɑːməni/ disharmonies n
dysharmonie désaccord désharmonie
The absence of harmony or concordance.

dishcloth dishcloths n
lavette
A cloth used to wash dishes.
linge torchon
A cloth used to dry dishes.

dishearten /dɪsˈhɑɹ.tən/ /dɪsˈhɑː.tən/ v
décourager
(transitive) To discourage someone by removing their enthusiasm or courage.

disheartening more disheartening most disheartening adj
démoralisant

disher dishers n
cuillère à glace
A type of scoop with a lever that helps the user dig through hard substances such as ice cream.

dishes /ˈdɪʃɪz/ n
vaisselle
Dishwashing

dishevelled /dɪsˈʃɛvəld/ /dɪˈʃɛvəld/ more dishevelled most dishevelled adj
ébouriffé
(by extension) Disorderly or untidy in appearance.

dishonest /dɪzˈɒnɛst/ /dɪzˈɒnɪst/ /dɪˈsɑnɪst/ /dɪˈsɒnɪst/ more dishonest most dishonest adj
malhonnête
Not honest.

dishonestly more dishonestly most dishonestly adv
malhonnêtement
In a dishonest manner.

dishonesty /dɪsˈɒnɪ.sti/ dishonesties n
malhonnêteté
(uncountable) The characteristic or condition of being dishonest.

dishonorable more dishonorable most dishonorable adj
déshonoré
Without honor, or causing dishonor.

dishonour /dɪsˈɒnə(ɹ)/ /dɪzˈɒnəɹ/ dishonours n
déshonneur
Shame or disgrace.

dishonour /dɪsˈɒnə(ɹ)/ /dɪzˈɒnəɹ/ v
déshonorer
To bring disgrace upon someone or something; to shame.

dishware dishwares n
vaisselle
crockery used for serving or cooking food

dishwasher /ˈdɪʃˌwɑʃɚ/ /ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃə/ /ˈdɪʃˌwɔʃɚ/ dishwashers n
lave-vaisselle plongeur plongeuse
A machine for washing dishes.
plongeur plongeuse
Someone who washes dishes, especially one hired to wash dishes in a restaurant.
(UK, dialect, Wiltshire) A European bird, the wagtail.
(AU) A bird, the restless flycatcher (Myiagra inquieta).

dishwater dishwaters n
eau de vaisselle rinçure
Water that dishes and cooking utensils have been washed in.

disillusion /dɪs.ɪˈluːʒən/ disillusions n
désillusion
(countable) The act or process of disenchanting or freeing from a false belief.

disillusion /dɪs.ɪˈluːʒən/ v
désillusionner
(transitive) To free or deprive of illusion; to disenchant.

disillusioned /dɪs.ɪˈluːʒənd/ more disillusioned most disillusioned adj
désabusé désillusionné
Disappointed; experiencing disillusionment; having lost one's illusions.

disillusionment /dɪsɪˈljuʒənmənt/ /dɪsɪˈluʒənmənt/ disillusionments n
désillusion
A feeling of disappointment, akin to depression, arising from the realization that something is not what it was expected or believed to be, possibly accompanied by philosophical angst from having one's beliefs challenged.
The act of freeing from an illusion; the state of being freed therefrom.

disinfect /dɪs.ɪnˈfɛkt/ v
désinfecter
To sterilize by the use of cleaning agent.

disinfectant /dɪs.ɪnˈfɛktənt/ disinfectants n
désinfectant
A substance that kills germs or viruses.

disinfection /dɪsɪnˈfɛkʃən/ disinfections n
désinfection
Treatment with disinfectant materials in order to destroy harmful microorganisms

disinformation /dɪsˌɪnfɚˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ v
désinformation mésinformation
(transitive) To use disinformation.

disingenuous /ˌdɪs.ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ more disingenuous most disingenuous adj
malhonnête sournois
Not honourable; unworthy of honour.

disinherit /ˌdɪsɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ v
déshériter
(transitive) To exclude from inheritance; to disown.

disinheritance disinheritances n
exhérédation
The act of disinheriting

disintegrate /dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/ v
désintégrer
(science fiction, transitive) To cause to break up into infinitesimal parts through the use of a disintegrator.

disintegration /dɪs.ɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪsˌɪɾ̃.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ [dɪsˌɪn.əˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən] disintegrations n
désintégration
A process by which anything disintegrates.

disinter /ˌdɪsɪnˈtɜː(ɹ)/ v
déterrer
(transitive) To take out of the grave or tomb.
(transitive, figurative) To bring out, as from a grave or hiding place; to bring from obscurity into view.

disinterest /dɪsˈɪntɹɛst/ n
désintérêt

disinterested /dɪˈsɪnt(ə)ɹɛstɪd/ more disinterested most disinterested adj
désintéressé
Having no stake or interest in the outcome, and no conflicts of interest; free of bias, impartial. [from 17th c.]

disinterestedness n
désintéressement
The state or quality of being disinterested.

disintermediate v
court-circuiter
(business, banking, finance) To carry out disintermediation.

disjointed /dɪsˈdʒɔɪn.tɪd/ more disjointed most disjointed adj
décousu
(figuratively) Not connected, coherent, or continuous.

disjunction /dɪsˈdʒʊŋk(t)ʃən/ /dɪsˈdʒʌŋk(t)ʃən/ disjunctions n
disjonction
(logic) The proposition resulting from the combination of two or more propositions using the or operator.

disjunctive /dɪsˈdʒʊŋktɪv/ /dɪsˈdʒʌŋktɪv/ /dɪsˈd͡ʒʌŋktɪv/ more disjunctive most disjunctive adj
disjonctif
(grammar, of a personal pronoun) Not used in immediate conjunction with the verb of which the pronoun is the subject.
(logic) Of or related to a disjunction.

disjunctive syllogism disjunctive syllogisms n
syllogisme disjonctif
(logic) A logical argument of the form that if there are only two possibilities, and one of them is ruled out, then the other must take place. In symbols: P \vee Q, \neg P \vdash Q

disk /dɪsk/ disks n
disque
A thin, flat, circular plate or similar object.
(figuratively) Something resembling a disk.
(anatomy) An intervertebral disc
(dated) A vinyl phonograph/gramophone record.
(computer hardware) Ellipsis of floppy disk - removable magnetic medium or a hard disk - fixed, persistent digital storage.
(computer hardware, nonstandard) A disc - either a CD-ROM, an audio CD, a DVD or similar removable storage medium.

dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ /ˈdɪslaɪk/ dislikes n
antipathie
An attitude or a feeling of distaste or aversion.

dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ /ˈdɪslaɪk/ v
ne pas aimer
(transitive) To have a feeling of aversion or antipathy towards; not to like. [from 16th c.]

dislocate /dɪsləʊˈkeɪt/ /dɪsˈloʊkeɪt/ v
luxer disloquer déboîter
(medicine) To (accidentally) dislodge a skeletal bone from its joint.

dislocation /dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃən/ dislocations n
luxation
The act of dislocating, or putting out of joint; also, the condition of being thus displaced.

dislodge /dɪsˈlɒdʒ/ v
déloger
(transitive) To remove or force out from a position or dwelling previously occupied.

dislodgement dislodgements n
délogement
The state or process of being dislodged

disloyal [dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ] more disloyal most disloyal adj
déloyal
Not loyal, without loyalty.

disloyalty /dɪsˈlɔɪ.(j)əɫ.ti/ disloyalties n
déloyauté
(uncountable) The quality of being disloyal.

dismal /ˈdɪzməl/ more dismal most dismal adj
lamentable misérable
Disappointingly inadequate.
morne lugubre
Causing despair; gloomy and bleak.
déprimant
Depressing, dreary, cheerless.

dismantle /dɪsˈmæntəl/ [dɪsˈmæntʰəɫ] [dɪsˈmænʔəɫ] [dɪsˈmæ̃nɫ̩] [dɪsˈmæ̃nɾɫ̩] v
démanteler démonter
(transitive) To take apart; to disassemble; to take to pieces.

dismantlement dismantlements n
démantèlement démontage

dismast v
démâter
(transitive, nautical) To break off the mast (of a ship), especially by gunfire.

dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ n
consternation désarroi
A sudden or complete loss of courage and firmness in the face of trouble or danger; overwhelming and disabling terror; a sinking of the spirits

dismay /dɪsˈmeɪ/ v
affliger
To cause to feel apprehension; great sadness, or fear; to deprive of energy
mortifier
To render lifeless; to subdue; to disquiet.
affliger avoir peur
To take dismay or fright; to be filled with dismay.

dismayed more dismayed most dismayed adj
consterné
Having the emotion of dismay.

dismember /ˌdɪsˈmɛmbə(ɹ)/ v
démembrer dépecer
(transitive) To remove the limbs of.

dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ /dɪzˈmɪs/ v
renvoyer rompez
(transitive) To order to leave.
rejeter licencier renvoyer démettre limoger rompez
(transitive) To reject; to refuse to accept.
retirer
(transitive, cricket) To get a batsman out.

dismissal [dɪsˈmɪsəɫ] [dɪzˈmɪsəɫ] dismissals n
licenciement limogeage
Deprivation of office; the fact or process of being fired from employment or stripped of rank.
non-lieu
(legal) The rejection of a legal proceeding, or a claim or charge made therein.

dismount /dɪsˈmaʊnt/ v
démonter
(ambitransitive) To (cause to) get off (something).
(computing, ambitransitive) To make (a mounted drive) unavailable for use.
descendre
(intransitive) To come down; to descend.

dismutate v
dismuter

disobedience /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/ disobediences n
désobéissance
Refusal to obey.

disobedient /dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪənt/ more disobedient most disobedient adj
désobéissant
Not obedient.

disobey /ˌdɪs.oʊ.ˈbeɪ/ /ˌdɪs.əˈbeɪ/ v
désobéir
(transitive) To refuse or (intentionally) fail to obey an order of (somebody).
(intransitive) To refuse or (intentionally) fail to obey.

disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /dɪzˈɔːɹdəɹ/ disorders n
désordre
Absence of order; state of not being arranged in an orderly manner.
trouble
A disturbance of civic peace or of public order.
désordre trouble
(medicine, countable) A physical or mental malfunction.

disordered /dɪsˈɔɹdɚd/ /dɪsˈɔːdəd/ more disordered most disordered adj
désordonné
Chaotic; without clear order; in a state of disorder.

disorderly /dɪsˈɔː.də.li/ more disorderly most disorderly adj
désordonné
Not in order; marked by disorder or disarray.

disorganise v
désorganiser
To make less organised; to reduce to chaos.

disorganization /dɪsˌɔː(ɹ).ɡənˌaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /dɪˌsoɹɡəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/ disorganizations n
désorganisation
The act of disorganizing; destruction of system.
The state of being disorganized

disorientation /dɪs.ˌɔ.ɹi.ɪn.ˈteɪ.ʃn̩/ /dɪsˌɔːɹɪənˈteɪʃən/ disorientations n
désorientation

disoriented more disoriented most disoriented adj
déboussolé
Having lost one's direction; confused.

disown /dɪsˈəʊn/ v
renier
(transitive) To refuse to own, or to refuse to acknowledge one’s own.

disparage /dɪsˈpæɹɪd͡ʒ/ n
mésalliance
(obsolete) Inequality in marriage; marriage with an inferior.

disparage /dɪsˈpæɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
se mésallier
(obsolete) To match unequally; to degrade or dishonor.
dénigrer
To dishonor by a comparison with what is inferior; to lower in rank or estimation by actions or words; to speak slightingly of; to depreciate; to undervalue.

disparaging /dɪsˈpæɹɪdʒɪŋ(ɡ)/ more disparaging most disparaging adj
péjoratif
Insulting, ridiculing.

disparate /dɪˈspæɹət/ /dɪˈspɛɹət/ /ˈdɪsp(ə)ɹət/ /ˈdɪsp(ə)ɹɪt/ more disparate most disparate adj
disparate
Composed of inherently different or distinct elements; incongruous.

disparity /dɪsˈpæɹɪti/ disparities n
disparité
(uncountable) The state of being unequal; difference.

dispassionate /dɪsˈpæʃənət/ more dispassionate most dispassionate adj
dépassionné calme impartial objectif rationnel
not showing, and not affected by, emotion, bias, or prejudice

dispatch /dəˈspæt͡ʃ/ /dɪˈspætʃ/ dispatches n
dépêche
A message sent quickly, as a shipment, a prompt settlement of a business, or an important official message sent by a diplomat, government official, military officer, etc.

dispatch rider dispatch riders n
estafette
(military) A messenger on a motorcycle.

dispatcher /ˈdɪs.pætʃ.ə(ɹ)/ dispatchers n
expéditeur
one who dispatches.
régulateur
In a transportation organization, a person who controls the movements of vehicles.

dispel [dɪˈspɛɫ] v
dissiper chasser
(transitive) To drive away or cause to vanish by scattering.

dispensable /dɪsˈpɛnsəbəl/ [-bəɫ] [dɪsˈpʰɛnsəbɫ̩] more dispensable most dispensable adj
facultatif
Able to be done without; able to be expended; easily replaced.

dispensary /dɪsˈpɛnsəɹi/ dispensaries n
dispensaire
An institution that dispenses medical supplies and advice.

dispensation /dɪsˌpɛnˈseɪʃən/ dispensations n
dispense dérogation
The act of dispensing or dealing out; distribution
dispense dispensation
The relaxation of a law in a particular case; permission to do something forbidden, or to omit doing something enjoined; exemption.

dispense /dɪˈspɛns/ v
se dispenser de se passer de éliminer
dispenser distribuer partager émettre
To issue, distribute, or give out.
dispenser doser préparer
To supply or make up a medicine or prescription.

dispenser /dɪˈspɛnsə/ dispensers n
distributeur dérouleur dévidoir
An object used to dispense other items.

dispersant dispersants n
dispersant
(chemistry) Any substance that is used to prevent settling or clumping of particles suspended in a liquid.

disperse /dɪˈspɜːs/ /dɪˈspɝs/ v
disperser
(physics, transitive, intransitive) To separate rays of light, etc., according to wavelength; to refract.

dispersion /dɪˈspɜːʒən/ /dɪˈspɝʒən/ dispersions n
dispersion
The state of being dispersed; dispersedness.
A process of dispersing.
The degree of scatter of data.
(optics) The separation of visible light by refraction or diffraction.

dispirit v
décourager
(transitive) To lower the morale of; to make despondent; to dishearten.

displaced person displaced people displaced persons n
personne déplacée
A refugee, especially of war or of forced migration.

displacement /dɪsˈpleɪsmɪnt/ /dɪzˈpleɪsmənt/ displacements n
déplacement
(physics) A vector quantity which denotes distance with a directional component.

displacement current displacement currents n
courant de déplacement
(electromagnetism) The direction and rate of change of the electric displacement field at a given point of space and time. It can be expressed as a vector.

display /dɪsˈpleɪ/ /ˈdɪspleɪ/ displays n
représentation spectacle
A show or spectacle.
présentoir
A device, furniture or marketing-oriented bulk packaging for visual presentation for sales promotion.
écran moniteur
(computing) An electronic screen that shows graphics or text.

display /dɪsˈpleɪ/ /ˈdɪspleɪ/ v
afficher montrer présenter étaler
(transitive) To show conspicuously; to exhibit; to demonstrate; to manifest.
étaler
(obsolete) To spread out, to unfurl.

display window display windows n
vitrine
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

displeased /dɪsˈpliːzd/ more displeased most displeased adj
mécontent
Not pleased or happy with something.

disport /dəˈspɔɹt/ /dɪˈspɔːt/ disports n
divertissement
(countable, archaic) Anything which diverts one from serious matters; a game, a pastime, a sport.

disport /dəˈspɔɹt/ /dɪˈspɔːt/ v
s'amuser
(ambitransitive, reflexive, dated) To amuse oneself divertingly or playfully; in particular, to cavort or gambol.

disposable /dɪsˈpoʊzəbl̩/ /dɪsˈpəʊzəbl̩/ more disposable most disposable adj
jetable
That can be disposed of.
That is designed to be discarded rather than reused, refilled or repaired.
disponible
Available to be used; at one's disposal.

disposable /dɪsˈpoʊzəbl̩/ /dɪsˈpəʊzəbl̩/ disposables n
jetable
Any object that is designed to be disposed of rather than refilled or repaired.

disposable income disposable incomes n
revenu disponible
(economics) The amount of a person's or group's monetary income which is available to be saved or spent (on either essential or non-essential items), after deducting all taxes and other governmental fees.

disposal [dɪsˈpəʊzəɫ] disposals n
disposition
(countable) An arrangement, categorization or classification of things.
(uncountable) The power to use something or someone.
élimination
(countable) A disposing of or getting rid of something.

dispose /dɪsˈpoʊz/ /dɪˈspəʊz/ v
éliminer débarrasser
(intransitive, used with "of") To eliminate or to get rid of something.

disposition /ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ɪn/ dispositions n
disposition
Control over something, especially with regard to disposing or dispensing with an action item (disposal of a concern, allocation of disbursed funds) or control over the arrangement or placement of certain things.
Tendency or inclination under given circumstances.
tempérament
temperament, temperamental makeup or habitual mood.

disproportionate /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.eɪt/ /dɪs.pɹəˈpɔːʃən.ət/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.eɪt/ /ˈdɪs.pɹəˌpɔɹ.ʃən.ət/ more disproportionate most disproportionate adj
disproportionnel
Not proportionate.
disproportionné
Out of proportion.

disproportionation disproportionations n
dismutation
(chemistry) A form of redox reaction in which part of a reactant is oxidized and part of it is reduced simultaneously

disprove /dɪsˈpɹuv/ /dɪsˈpɹuːv/ /dɪsˈpɹʉːv/ v
réfuter infirmer
To prove to be false or erroneous; to confute; to refute.

disputable /dɪˈspju.tə.bəɫ/ /dɪˈspjuː.tə.bəɫ/ more disputable most disputable adj
contestable
Of opinions, propositions or questions, subject to dispute; not settled.

dispute /dɪsˈpjuːt/ /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/ disputes n
dispute litige
An argument or disagreement, a failure to agree.
dispute
(uncountable) Verbal controversy or disagreement; altercation; debate.

dispute /dɪsˈpjuːt/ /ˈdɪs.pjuːt/ v
discuter argumenter contester résister évaluer
to oppose by argument or assertion; to controvert; to express dissent or opposition to; to call in question; to deny the truth or validity of

disqualification /dɪsˌkwɑːləfɪˈkeɪʃn/ /dɪsˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ disqualifications n
disqualification
The act of disqualifying, or the state of being disqualified

disqualify /dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/ v
disqualifier
(transitive) To make ineligible for something.

disquietude /dɪˈskwaɪ.ɪ.tjud/ /dɪˈskwaɪ.ɪ.tjuːd/ /dɪˈskwaɪə.tjuːd/ /dɪˈskwaɪə.tud/ disquietudes n
affres angoisse anxiété chagrin préoccupations souci
(uncountable) A state of disquiet, uneasiness, or anxiety.

disquisition /ˌdɪskwəˈzɪʃən/ /ˌdɪskwɪˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ disquisitions n
disquisition
A lengthy, formal discourse that analyses or explains some topic; (loosely) a dissertation or treatise.

disregard /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑːd/ disregards n
mépris
The act or state of deliberately not paying attention or caring about; misregard.

disregard /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /dɪsɹɪˈɡɑːd/ v
ignorer mépriser
(transitive) To ignore; pay no attention to.

disrespect /dɪsɹɪˈspɛkt/ disrespects n
irrespect
A lack of respect, esteem or courteous behaviour.

disrespectful [dɪsɹɪˈspɛktfəɫ] more disrespectful most disrespectful adj
irrespectueux
Lacking respect.

disrespectfully more disrespectfully most disrespectfully adv
irrespectueusement
In a disrespectful manner; with a lack of respect.

disrobe /dɪsˈɹoʊb/ /dɪsˈɹəʊb/ v
déshabiller dévêtir
(transitive) To undress someone or something.
(intransitive) To undress oneself.

disrupt /dɪsˈɹʌpt/ /dɪzˈɹʊpt/ /dɪzˈɹʌpt/ v
déranger perturber
(transitive) To throw into confusion or disorder.
interrompre
(transitive) To interrupt or impede.

disrupter disrupters n
perturbateur
Someone or something that disrupts.

disruption /dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/ /dɪzˈɹʊpʃən/ /dɪzˈɹʌpʃən/ disruptions n
interruption rupture perturbation
An interruption to the regular flow or sequence of something.

disruptive /dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/ /dɪzˈɹʊptɪv/ /dɪzˈɹʌptɪv/ more disruptive most disruptive adj
dérangeant perturbant
Causing disruption or unrest.

diss /dɪs/ v
diffamer insulter
(slang) To put (someone) down, or show disrespect by the use of insulting language or dismissive behaviour.

dissatisfaction /dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/ dissatisfactions n
mécontentement insatisfaction
Unhappiness or discontent.

dissatisfied /dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/ more dissatisfied most dissatisfied adj
mécontent
Feeling or displaying disappointment or a lack of contentment.
insatisfait
Not satisfied (e.g. with the quality of something).

dissect /daɪˈsɛkt/ /dɪˈsɛkt/ v
disséquer
(transitive) To study an animal's anatomy by cutting it apart; to perform a necropsy or an autopsy.
(transitive) To analyze an idea in detail by separating it into its parts.

dissection /daɪˈsɛkʃən/ /dɪˈsɛkʃən/ dissections n
dissection
the act of dissecting, or something dissected

disseminate /dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/ v
disséminer
(transitive) To sow and scatter principles, ideas, opinions, etc, or concrete things, for growth and propagation, like seeds.

dissemination /dɪˌsɛmɪˈneɪʃən/ disseminations n
dissémination
The act of disseminating, or the state of being disseminated; diffusion for propagation and permanence; a scattering or spreading abroad, as of ideas, beliefs, etc.

disseminator disseminators n
propagateur
One who, or that which, disseminates.

dissension /dɪˈsɛnʃən/ dissensions n
dissension

dissent /dəˈsɛnt/ /dɪˈsɛnt/ dissents n
dissidence
An act of disagreeing with, or deviating from, the views and opinions of those holding authority.

dissenter dissenters n
dissident dissidente
Someone who dissents (disagrees), especially from an established church.

dissertation /ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdɪsɚˈteɪʃən/ dissertations n
dissertation
A formal exposition of a subject, especially a research paper that students write in order to complete the requirements for a doctoral degree in the US and a non-doctoral degree in the UK; a thesis.

disservice /dɪ(s)ˈsɜːvɪs/ /dɪ(s)ˈsɝvɪs/ disservices n
desservice mauvais service
Service that results in harm; an (intentionally or unintentionally) unhelpful, harmful action.

dissident /ˈdɪsɪdənt/ dissidents n
dissident dissidente
A person who formally opposes the current political structure, the political group in power, the policies of the political group in power, or current laws.

dissimilar /dɪˈsɪmɪlə(ɹ)/ more dissimilar most dissimilar adj
dissemblable différent
Not similar; unalike; different

dissimilarity /dɪˌsɪmɪˈlæɹɪti/ dissimilarities n
dissimilitude
Lack of similarity or lack of likeness in appearance to something else.

dissimilate /dɪˈsɪmɪleɪt/ v
différentier dissimiler distinguer
(rare, transitive) To make dissimilar or unlike.

dissimilation /ˌdɪsɪmɪˈleɪʃən/ dissimilations n
dissimilation
(phonology) A phenomenon whereby similar consonant or vowel sounds in a word become less similar, resulting in a form that is easier for the listener to perceive.

dissimulation dissimulations n
dissimulation
The act of concealing the truth; hypocrisy or deception.

dissipate /ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/ v
dissiper

dissipation /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ dissipations n
débauche
A dissolute course of life, in which health, money, etc., are squandered in pursuit of pleasure; profuseness in immoral indulgence, as late hours, riotous living, etc.; dissoluteness.

dissociate /dɪˈsoʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.si.eɪt/ /dɪˈsəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ v
dissocier
(transitive) To make unrelated; to sever a connection; to separate.

dissociative identity disorder dissociative identity disorders n
trouble dissociatif de l'identité
(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by the presence of two or more personality states or distinct identities that repeatedly take control of a person's behavior.

dissolution /ˌdɪsəˈl(j)uːʃən/ /ˌdɪsəˈluʃən/ dissolutions n
dissolution
The termination of an organized body or legislative assembly, especially a formal dismissal.
Dissolving, or going into solution.

dissolve /dɪˈzɑlv/ /dɪˈzɒlv/ v
annuler rompre supprimer
dissoudre
(transitive) To terminate a union of multiple members actively, as by disbanding.
(chemistry, transitive) To disintegrate chemically into a solution by immersion into a liquid or gas.
(transitive) To disperse, drive apart a group of persons.
(transitive) To break the continuity of; to disconnect; to loosen; to undo; to separate.
(intransitive) To resolve itself as by dissolution.

dissolvent more dissolvent most dissolvent adj
dissoluble

dissonance /ˈdɪsənəns/ /ˈdɪsənɪns/ dissonances n
dissonance
(music) Conflicting notes that are not overtones of the note or chord sounding.

dissonate /dɪsəneɪt/ v
dissoner
(music, intransitive) To be dissonant.

dissuade /dɪˈsweɪd/ v
dissuader
(transitive) To convince not to try or do.

dissuasion /dɪˈsweɪʒən/ dissuasions n
dissuasion
the act or an instance of dissuading

distaff /ˈdɪstæf/ /ˈdɪstɑːf/ distaffs distaves n
quenouille
A device to which a bundle of natural fibres (often wool, flax, or cotton) are attached for temporary storage, before being drawn off gradually to spin thread. A traditional distaff is a staff with flax fibres tied loosely to it (as indicated by the etymology of the word), but modern distaffs are often made of cords weighted with beads, and attached to the wrist.
The part of a spinning wheel from which fibre is drawn to be spun.

distal /ˈdɪs.təl/ more distal most distal adj
distal
(anatomy, geology) Remote from the point of attachment or origin.

distal phalange distal phalanges n
phalangette
Any of the phalanx bones at the tip of the fingers or toes.

distance /ˈdɪs.təns/ /ˈdɪs.tɪns/ distances n
distance
The amount of space between two points, usually geographical points, usually (but not necessarily) measured along a straight line.

distance /ˈdɪs.təns/ /ˈdɪs.tɪns/ v
éloigner s'éloigner
(transitive, also reflexive) To move away (from) someone or something.

distance learning n
formation à distance
Education obtained remotely, often involving written material together with audio-visual material transmitted via the internet and, sometimes, summer schools and local tutorials.

distant /ˈdɪstənt/ more distant most distant adj
lointain éloigné distant
Far off (physically, logically or mentally).

distasteful /dɪsˈteɪstfəɫ/ more distasteful most distasteful adj
désagréable déplaisant
(figuratively) Unpleasant.
de mauvais goût
Offensive.

distavorous adj
distavore

distend /dɪˈstɛnd/ v
distendre
(intransitive) To extend or expand, as from internal pressure; to swell

distich /ˈdɪstɪk/ distichs n
distique
(prosody) A couplet, a two-line stanza making complete sense.

distichous /ˈdɪstɪkəs/ adj
distique
(botany) Arranged in two rows on each side of an axis.

distil /dəˈstɪl/ /dɪˈstɪl/ v
distiller
To heat (a substance, usually a liquid) so that a vapour is produced, and then to cool the vapour so that it condenses back into a liquid, either to purify the original substance or to obtain one of its components; to subject to distillation.

distillable more distillable most distillable adj
distillable
Capable of being distilled, especially capable of being distilled without chemical decomposition.

distillation /dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/ /dɪstɪˈlæɪʃən/ /ˌdɪstɪˈleɪʃən/ distillations n
distillation
(chemistry, chemical engineering) The separation of more volatile parts of a substance from less volatile ones by evaporation and condensation.

distilled water distilled waters n
eau distillée
Water that has been purified by distillation.

distiller distillers n
alambic
A device or apparatus that distills, a condenser; a still.

distillery /dɪˈstɪləɹi/ distilleries n
distillerie
A place where distillation takes place, especially the distillation of alcoholic spirits.

distinct /dɪˈstɪŋkt/ distincter distinctest more distinct most distinct adj
distinct intelligible
Capable of being perceived very clearly.
distinct
Different from one another (with the preferable adposition being "from").
reconnaissable
Noticeably different from others; distinctive.

distinction /dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/ distinctions n
distinction différence
That which distinguishes; a single occurrence of a determining factor or feature, the fact of being divided; separation, discrimination.

distinctive /dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/ more distinctive most distinctive adj
distinctif
Distinguishing, used to or enabling the distinguishing of some thing.

distinctly /dɪsˈtɪŋktli/ more distinctly most distinctly adv
distinctement
In a distinct manner.

distingue /dɪstæŋˈɡeɪ/ /dɪsˈtæŋɡeɪ/ more distingue most distingue adj
distingué
Fashionably distinguished or elegant; having an air of superiority.

distinguish /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
distinguer différencier
To recognize someone or something as different from others based on its characteristics.
distinguer
To see someone or something clearly or distinctly.
To make oneself noticeably different or better from others through accomplishments.

distinguishability distinguishabilities n
distinguabilité
The state of being distinguishable.

distinguishable /dɪsˈtɪŋ.ɡwɪ.ʃə.bl̩/ more distinguishable most distinguishable adj
distinguable distinguible
Able, or easily able to be distinguished.

distinguished /dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃt/ more distinguished most distinguished adj
distingué
celebrated, well-known or eminent because of past achievements; prestigious
Having a dignified appearance or demeanor

distinguishing more distinguishing most distinguishing adj
distinctif
That serves to distinguish.

distort /dɪˈstɔɹt/ /dɪˈstɔːt/ v
déformer distordre
(transitive) To bring something out of shape, to misshape.
déformer
(transitive) To give a false or misleading account of

distorting mirror distorting mirrors n
miroir déformant
(entertainment) A curved mirror, often using convex and concave sections to achieve a distorted effect, as:

distortion /dɪsˈtɔːʃən/ distortions n
aberration corruption déformation
distorsion
An act of distorting.
A result of distorting.
Noise or other artifacts caused in the electronic reproduction of sound or music.
An effect used in music, most commonly on guitars in rock or metal.

distract /dɪsˈtɹækt/ v
distraire
(transitive) To divert the attention of.

distracter distracters n
fausse réponse mauvaise réponse
Any of the incorrect answers in a multiple-choice question, serving to distract from the correct answer.

distraction /dɪsˈtɹækʃən/ distractions n
distraction
Something that distracts.
The process of being distracted.
folie
Perturbation; disorder; disturbance; confusion.
Mental disarray; a deranged state of mind; insanity.

distraint distraints n
saisie mobilière saisie-arrêt saisie-exécution
(legal) The legal right of a landlord to seize the property of a tenant in the event of nonpayment of rent.

distrait /dɪˈstɹeɪ/ /ˈdɪstɹeɪ/ more distrait most distrait adj
distrait distraite
absent-minded, troubled, distracted

distraught /dɪsˈtɹɔːt/ more distraught most distraught adj
affolé désemparé perturbé égaré éperdu
Deeply hurt, saddened, or worried; incapacitated by distress.

distress /dɪˈstɹɛs/ distresses n
détresse
A cause of such discomfort.
Serious danger.
(medicine, psychology) An aversive state of stress to which a person cannot fully adapt.

distress signal distress signals n
signal de détresse
An emergency signal sent by radio (or other means) from a ship or aircraft in distress or danger.

distressed /dɪˈstɹɛst/ more distressed most distressed adj
accablé en détresse
Anxious or uneasy.

distribute /dɪˈstɹɪbjut/ /dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/ /ˈdɪstɹɪbjuːt/ v
distribuer
(transitive) To divide into portions and dispense.
(transitive) To deliver or pass out.
distribuer répartir
(transitive) To supply to retail outlets.
répartir distribuer
(transitive) To scatter or spread.
répartir
(transitive) To apportion (more or less evenly).
(transitive) To classify or separate into categories.

distributed ledger distributed ledgers n
registre partagé
A consensus of replicated, shared, and synchronized digital data geographically spread across multiple locations.

distribution /ˌdɪstɹəˈbjuːʃən/ distributions n
distribution
An act of distributing or state of being distributed.
An apportionment by law (of funds, property).
(business, marketing) The process by which goods get to final consumers over a geographical market, including storing, selling, shipping and advertising.
The frequency of occurrence or extent of existence.
(mathematics, statistics) A probability distribution; the set of relative likelihoods that a variable will have a value in a given interval.
(mathematics, differential geometry) A subset of the tangent bundle of a manifold that satisfies certain properties; used to construct the notions of integrability and foliation of a manifold.
(printing, historical) The process of sorting the types and placing them in their proper boxes in the cases.

distribution center distribution centers n
centre de distribution

distributive /dɪsˈtɹɪbjʊtɪv/ more distributive most distributive adj
distributif
(mathematics) A property of functions that have a rule describing how the function can be performed to the individual components of another operation.

distributivity distributivities n
distributivité
(mathematics) the fact of being distributive

distributor distributors n
delco
A device that distributes electric current, especially to the spark plugs in an internal combustion engine.

district /ˈdɪstɹɪkt/ districts n
région
district
An administrative division of an area.

district heating n
chaleur à distance
A system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements.

distro /ˈdɪstɹoʊ/ /ˈdɪstɹəʊ/ distros n
distri distrib distro
(slang) A mid-level drug dealer; A distributor.

distrust /dɪsˈtɹʊst/ /dɪsˈtɹʌst/ distrusts n
méfiance défiance
Lack of trust or confidence.

distrust /dɪsˈtɹʊst/ /dɪsˈtɹʌst/ v
se méfier
To put no trust in; to have no confidence in.

distrustful more distrustful most distrustful adj
méfiant suspicieux
(active sense) Experiencing distrust, showing distrust, wary, sceptical, suspicious, doubtful.

disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/ /dɪˈstɝb/ v
déranger gêner perturber
(transitive) to confuse a quiet, constant state or a calm, continuous flow, in particular: thoughts, actions or liquids.
déranger perturber
(intransitive) to have a negative emotional impact; to cause emotional distress or confusion.

disturbance /dɪˈstɜːbn̩s/ /dɪˈstɝbn̩s/ disturbances n
trouble tapage
The act of disturbing, being disturbed.

disturbing /dɪsˈtɜːbɪŋ/ more disturbing most disturbing adj
dérangeant perturbant
Causing distress or worry; upsetting or unsettling.

disturbingly more disturbingly most disturbingly adv
de façon troublante étrangement

disulfide bond disulfide bonds n
pont disulfure
(organic chemistry) A bond, consisting of a covalent bond between two sulfur atoms, formed by the reaction of two thiol groups, especially between the thiol groups of two proteins

disunity /dɪsˈjuːnɪti/ disunities n
désunion
The lack of unity or cohesion.

disused /ˌdɪsˈjuːzd/ adj
désuet
No longer in use.

disyllabic /ˌdaɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ /ˌdɑɪ.sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ adj
dissyllabique bisyllabique
Comprising two syllables.

dit /dɪt/ dits n
ti
The spoken representation of a dot in radio and telegraph Morse code.

ditch /dɪt͡ʃ/ ditches n
fossé rigole tranchée
A trench; a long, shallow indentation, as for irrigation or drainage.

ditch /dɪt͡ʃ/ v
abandonner débarrasser laisser tomber larguer
(transitive) To discard or abandon.
faire l'école buissonnière sécher
(ambitransitive) To deliberately not attend classes; to play hookey.

ditetrahedral adj
ditétraédral ditétraédrique

ditheism n
dithéisme
A belief in two deities, which may be in conflict with each other.

dither /ˈdɪðə/ /ˈdɪðɚ/ v
être incertain être indécis
To be uncertain or unable to make a decision about doing something.

dithyramb /ˈdɪθ.ɪ.ɹæm/ dithyrambs n
dithyrambe
A raucous and ardent choral hymn sung in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus.
A poem or oration in the same style.

ditransitive adj
bitransitif
(grammar) Of a class of verbs which take both a direct and an indirect object. An example is 'give', which entails a giver (subject), a gift (direct object) and a receiver (indirect object).

dittander [dɪˈtændə] n
grande passerage
A peppergrass of species Lepidium latifolium, native from Iberia to the Himalayas, introduced elsewhere.

dittany /ˈdɪtəni/ dittanies n
dictame
A labiate plant, Origanum dictamnus, formerly renowned for its medicinal properties; dittany of Crete.

ditto /ˈdɪtoʊ/ /ˈdɪtəʊ/ [ˈdɪɾoʊ] dittoes dittos n
dito idem
That which was stated before, the aforesaid, the above, the same, likewise.

ditty /ˈdɪti/ ditties n
chansonnette
A short, simple verse or song.

ditzy /ˈdɪtsi/ ditzier ditziest adj
sot
(informal) Silly or scatterbrained, usually of a young woman.

diuresis /ˌdaɪjʊˈɹiːsɪs/ diureses n
diurèse
(biology, medicine) Excessive production of urine; polyuria.

diuretic /daɪ(j)əˈɹɛtɪk/ more diuretic most diuretic adj
diurétique
(medicine, pharmacology) Increasing the amount or frequency of urination.

diuretic /daɪ(j)əˈɹɛtɪk/ diuretics n
diurétique
(medicine, pharmacology) A drug or a substance that increases the rate of urine excretion.

diurnal /daɪˈɜːnəl/ /daɪˈɝ.nəl/ more diurnal most diurnal adj
diurne
Happening or occurring during daylight, or primarily active during that time.
(botany) Said of a flower open, or releasing its perfume during daylight hours, but not at night.
journalier
Having a daily cycle that is completed every 24 hours, usually referring to tasks, processes, tides, or sunrise to sunset; circadian.
journalier quotidien
(uncommon) Done once every day; daily, quotidian.

diva /ˈdiːvə/ divas dive n
diva
Any female celebrity, usually a well known singer or actress. [from the 19th c.]
A person who may be considered or who considers herself (or by extension himself) much more important than others, has high expectations of others and who is extremely demanding and fussy when it comes to personal privileges.

divan /dɪˈvæn/ /ˈdaɪ.væn/ divans n
divan
The council chamber where this court is held; (by extension), any court of justice.
divan canapé
A couch- or sofa-like piece of furniture made of a mattress lying against the wall and either on the floor or an elevated structure.

dive /daɪv/ dives n
plongeon
A jump or plunge into water.
plongée
A swim under water.
A decline.
bouge boui-boui gargote
(slang) A seedy bar, nightclub, etc.
piqué
(aviation) Aerial descent with the nose pointed down.
chiqué comédie
(sports) A deliberate fall after a challenge.

dive /daɪv/ v
plonger nager
(intransitive) To swim under water.
plonger
(intransitive) To jump into water head-first.
(transitive) To cause to descend, dunk; to plunge something into water.
(intransitive, figuratively) To plunge or to go deeply into any subject, question, business, etc.; to penetrate; to explore.
se plonger
(intransitive, especially with in) To undertake with enthusiasm.
chiquer jouer la comédie
(sports) To deliberately fall down after a challenge, imitating being fouled, in the hope of getting one's opponent penalised.

dive bomber dive bombers n
bombardier en piqué
(aviation, historical) A bomber aircraft that dives directly at its target in order to drop a bomb with greater accuracy.

diver /ˈdaɪ̯vəɹ/ divers n
plongeur plongeuse
Someone who dives, especially as a sport.

diverge /daɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /daɪˈvɝd͡ʒ/ /dɑɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvɝd͡ʒ/ v
diverger
(intransitive, figuratively, of interests, opinions, or anything else) To become different; to run apart; to separate; to tend into different directions.
(intransitive, mathematics, of a sequence, series, or function) Not to converge: to have no limit, or no finite limit.

divergence /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/ divergences n
divergence
The degree to which two or more things diverge.
(calculus) the operator which maps a function F=(F1, ... Fn) from a n-dimensional vector space to itself to the function \sum_{i=1}^n \frac{\partial F_i}{\partial x_i}

divergent series divergent series n
série divergente
(analysis) An infinite series whose partial sums are divergent.

diverse /daɪ.ˈvɝs/ /daɪˈvɜːs/ /dɪ.ˈvɝs/ /ˈdaɪ.ˌvɝs/ more diverse most diverse adj
différent
Consisting of many different elements; various.
divers
Capable of various forms; multiform.
diversifié
Composed of people with a variety of different demographic characteristics in terms of, for example, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, etc., and having a sizeable representation of people that are minorities in a given area.

diversification /daɪˌvɜːsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /daɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /dɪˌvɝsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ diversifications n
diversification
The act, or the result, of diversifying.

diversify /daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/ /daɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ /dɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/ /dɪˈvɝ.sə.faɪ/ v
diversifier
(transitive) To make (something) diverse or various in form or quality; to give variety to distinguish by numerous differences or aspects, as:

diversion /daɪˈvɜːʃən/ /daɪˈvɜːʒən/ /daɪˈvɝʒən/ /dɪˈvɝʒən/ diversions n
diversion
(military) A tactic used to draw attention away from the real threat or action.
déviation
(transport) A detour, such as during road construction.

diversity /daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ /dɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/ diversities n
diversité
The quality of being diverse or different; difference or unlikeness.

divert /daɪˈvɜːt/ /daɪˈvɝt/ /dɪˈvɝt/ v
dévier
(transitive) To turn aside from a course.
(obsolete, intransitive) To turn aside; to digress.
divertir
(transitive) To entertain or amuse (by diverting the attention)

diverticulosis diverticuloses n
diverticulose
(pathology) The condition of having diverticula, or small pouches, formed along the mucosa of the colon.

divertimento /dəˌvɝtəˈmɛntoʊ/ /dɪˌvɜːtɪˈmɛntəʊ/ divertimenti divertimentos n
divertimento
(music) composition that has several short movements, a style that composers started to use in the 18th century.

divestment /daɪˈvɛstmənt/ divestments n
liquidation désinvestissement
(finance) The sale or other disposal of some kind of asset.

divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ divides n
fossé
(geography) A large chasm, gorge, or ravine between two areas of land.

divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v
diviser fendre
(transitive) To split or separate (something) into two or more parts.
partager diviser
(transitive) To share (something) by dividing it.
diviser
(transitive, arithmetic, with by) To calculate the number (the quotient) by which you must multiply one given number (the divisor) to produce a second given number (the dividend).
(intransitive) To separate into two or more parts.
(intransitive, biology) Of a cell, to reproduce by dividing.

divide and conquer v
diviser pour mieux régner
To use a combination of political, military and economic strategies that aim to gain and maintain power by breaking up larger concentrations of power into chunks that individually have less power than the one implementing the strategy.

divide and rule v
diviser pour régner
(politics) Synonym of divide and conquer

dividend /ˈdɪvɪdɛnd/ dividends n
dividende
(finance) A cash payment of money by a company to its shareholders, usually made periodically (e.g., quarterly or annually).
(arithmetic) A number or expression that is to be divided by another.

divider /dɪˈvaɪdə(ɹ)/ dividers n
intercalaire séparateur
One who or that which divides or separates.
terre-plein
A piece of card placed in a ring binder to separate groups of documents.

divination /ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/ divinations n
divination
(uncountable) The act of divining; a foreseeing or foretelling of future events.

divinatory /dɪˈvɪnətɹi/ adj
divinatoire
Pertaining to divination.

divine /dɪˈvaɪn/ more divine most divine adj
divin divine
Of or pertaining to a god.
Of superhuman or surpassing excellence.
Beautiful, heavenly.

divine /dɪˈvaɪn/ v
prédire
(transitive) To foretell (something), especially by the use of divination.
deviner
(transitive) To guess or discover (something) through intuition or insight.

divine law divine laws n
droit divin

diving /ˈdaɪ.vɪŋ/ adj
plongeant plongeur
That or who dives or dive.

diving /ˈdaɪ.vɪŋ/ divings n
plongement plongeon
The action of the verb to dive in any sense.
plongeon plongée sous-marine
The sport of jumping into water, often acrobatically.
plongée sous-marine
Descending below the surface of the water to interact with the environment.

diving bell diving bells n
cloche de plongée
An airtight chamber, open at the bottom, that is lowered on a cable underwater to operate as a base or a means of transport for a diver or a small number of divers.

diving bell spider diving bell spiders n
argyronète
A spider, Argyroneta aquatica, living almost entirely underwater, using hairs on its abdomen and legs to trap air.

diving header diving headers n
tête plongeante
(soccer) A ball struck near ground level by the head of a diving player.

diving mask diving masks n
masque de plongée
A mask worn by divers over the eyes or face to allow them to see clearly underwater, having a watertight seal around its edges to hold it securely to the face.

diving suit diving suits n
combinaison de plongée
A garment or apparatus worn by a diver for protection from the underwater environment.

divining rod divining rods n
baguette de sourcier baguette de coudrier baguette divinatoire
Rod used for dowsing, a technique of divination used to locate subterranean sources of water, metal, other mineral resources or even various other things through magic, or according to many believers a natural phenomenon.

divinity /dɪˈvɪnɪti/ divinities n
divinité déité
(uncountable) The state, position, or fact of being a god or God. [from 14th c.]

divinization /ˌdɪvɪnaɪˈzeɪʃən/ divinizations n
divinisation
The act or process of making divine.

divisibility /dɪˈvɪzɪbɪlɪti/ divisibilities n
divisibilité
(uncountable) The state of being divisible. The state capable of being divided.

divisibility sequence divisibility sequences n
suite à divisibilité
(number theory, algebra) Any sequence of integers {an}, indexed by the natural numbers, such that if n is divisible by m then an is divisible by am.

divisible [dɪˈvɪzɪbəɫ] adj
divisible
Capable of being divided or split.
(arithmetic) Of an integer, that, when divided by another integer, leaves no remainder.

division /dɪˈvɪʒən/ divisions n
division
(uncountable) The act or process of dividing anything.
(arithmetic) A calculation that involves this process.
(military) A formation, usually made up of two or three brigades.
A usually high-level section of a large company or conglomerate.
(taxonomy) A rank below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plants or fungi, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank.
(music) A florid instrumental variation of a melody in the 17th and 18th centuries, originally conceived as the dividing of each of a succession of long notes into several short ones.

division of labour n
division du travail
(economics) The separation of work into different categories or tasks; each category or task being carried out by different groups of workers.

division ring division rings n
anneau à division corps corps gauche corps non commutatif
(algebra) A ring with 0 ≠ 1, such that every non-zero element a has a multiplicative inverse, meaning an element x with ax = xa = 1.

division sign division signs n
signe de division
(mathematics) Any symbol (in particular ÷, / or : ) used to denote the operation of division.

divisive /dɪˈvaɪsɪv/ /dɪˈvɪsɪv/ /dɪˈvɪzɪv/ more divisive most divisive adj
clivant
Having a quality that divides or separates.

divisor /dɪ.ˈvaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /dɪ.ˈvaɪ.zɚ/ divisors n
diviseur
(arithmetic) A number or expression that another is to be divided by.

divo /ˈdiːvoʊ/ divos n
divo
A male diva; a man with the traits characteristic of a typical diva.

divorce /dɪˈvo(ː)ɹs/ /dɪˈvoəs/ /dɪˈvɔɹs/ /dɪˈvɔːs/ divorces n
divorce
The legal dissolution of a marriage.
A separation of connected things.

divorce /dɪˈvo(ː)ɹs/ /dɪˈvoəs/ /dɪˈvɔɹs/ /dɪˈvɔːs/ v
divorcer
(transitive) To legally dissolve a marriage between two people.
(transitive) To end one's own marriage to (a person) in this way.

divorced /dɪˈvɔː(ɹ)st/ adj
divorcé
(of a marriage) Legally dissolved.
(of persons formerly married) Having had one's marriage legally dissolved.

divorcee /-eɪ/ /dɪvɔɹˈsi/ /dɪvɔːˈsiː/ divorcees n
divorcé divorcée
A divorced person.

divorcé /dɪvɔɹˈseɪ/ /dɪˈvɔːseɪ/ divorcés n
divorcé
A divorced man.

divorcée /dɪvɔɹˈseɪ/ /dɪˈvɔːseɪ/ divorcées n
divorcée
A divorced woman.

divot /ˈdɪvət/ divots n
divot
(especially, golf) A torn-up piece of turf, especially by a golf club in making a stroke or by a horse's hoof.

divulge /daɪˈvʌld͡ʒ/ /dɪˈvʌld͡ʒ/ v
divulguer rendre public ébruiter
(transitive) To make public or known; to communicate to the public; to tell (information, especially a secret) so that it may become generally known.

divvy /ˈdɪvi/ v
diviser partager
(informal, transitive) To divide into portions.

dizygotic adj
dizygote
(biology) Derived from two eggs that have been separately fertilized; dizygous.

dizziness dizzinesses n
vertige défaillance
The state of being dizzy; the sensation of instability.

dizzy /ˈdɪzi/ dizzier dizziest adj
avoir la tête qui tourne avoir le vertige
Experiencing a sensation of whirling and of being giddy, unbalanced, or lightheaded.
vertigineux étourdissant
Producing giddiness.
tête en l’air écervelé
Empty-headed, scatterbrained or frivolous; ditzy.

dizzying more dizzying most dizzying adj
vertigineux
Tending to make one (actually or metaphorically) dizzy or confused, as of great speed or height.

djembe /ˈd͡ʒɛmbeɪ/ djembes n
djembé
(music) A large, rope-tuned, skin-covered drum played with the bare hands, used in West African and some fusion music.

djent /d͡ʒɛnt/ n
djent
(neologism) A style of progressive heavy metal music characterized by rhythmic and technical complexity, and typically featuring heavily distorted, palm-muted guitar chords, syncopated, downtuned riffs, and polyrhythms alongside virtuoso soloing.

do /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ dos n
do
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the first and eighth tonic of a major scale.

do /du/ /duː/ /də/ /dʉː/ /dʊ/ /d͡ʒ/ do's doos dos n
do
(UK, informal) A party, celebration, social function; usually of moderate size and formality.
(chiefly, obsolete, fossilized, _, in, _, the) Something that has been done.
(archaic) Ado; bustle; stir; to-do; A period of confusion or argument.
(obsolete, UK, slang) An act of swindling; a fraud or deception.

do /du/ /duː/ /də/ /dʉː/ /dʊ/ /d͡ʒ/ v
faire
(pro-verb) A syntactic marker that refers back to an earlier verb and allows the speaker to avoid repeating the verb; in most dialects, not used with auxiliaries such as be, though it can be in AAVE.
(transitive) To perform; to execute.
To cook.
(transitive, in the form be doing [somewhere]) To exist with a purpose or for a reason.
aller
(intransitive, transitive) To suffice.
(intransitive) To be reasonable or acceptable.
se débrouiller
(intransitive) To fare, perform (well or poorly).
est-ce que faire
(transitive, chiefly in questions) To have as one's job.
se faire
(transitive, slang) To have sex with. (See also do it)

do as I say and not as I do v
fais ce que je dis, pas ce que je fais faites ce que je dis, pas ce que je fais

do away with v
en finir (avec)
(transitive, idiomatic, informal) To abolish; to put an end to; to eliminate.

do business v
faire des affaires
(intransitive) To be engaged in business, to be involved in commerce or trade.

do cartwheels v
être fou de joie
(idiomatic) To be extremely happy

do good v
faire bien de
To contribute positively; to aid.

do in v
tuer
(transitive, colloquial) To kill or end.
claquer crever
(transitive, colloquial) To exhaust, to tire out.

do it tough v
être dans la dèche être dans la mouise être dans le pétrin
(intransitive, Australian, idiomatic, informal) To be in a desperate situation; to struggle.

do it yourself n
bricolage
The practice of doing home improvements and maintenance oneself, rather than employing a professional.

do justice v
rendre justice
(idiomatic) To allow to be apprehended in its full scope.
faire honneur
(idiomatic) To enjoy to the full.

do not disturb phraseologicalUnit
ne pas déranger
Used to indicate that somebody does not wish to be disturbed, e.g. a sign on a hotel room door, or a "busy" mode of an instant messenger.

do not enter phraseologicalUnit
défense d'entrer entrée interdite

do one's bit v
apporter sa pierre à l'édifice faire sa part faire sa part du boulot
(informal) To make an individual contribution toward an overall effort.

do one's own thing v
faire son truc
(idiomatic, possibly, somewhat, dated, informal) To do what one considers to be best suited or most satisfying for oneself; to do what expresses one's distinctive interests or talents; to do as one chooses.

do one's sums v
faire ses comptes

do someone's head in v
prendre la tête
(UK, Australian, informal, idiomatic) To frustrate, infuriate, irritate or disturb someone.

do the dishes v
faire la vaisselle faire la plonge
(intransitive) to wash up dirty crockery (plates and dishes) and cutlery (knives, forks, and spoons)

do the impossible v
faire l'impossible

do the laundry v
faire la lessive laver
To wash the laundry.

do the math v
se rendre à l'évidence
(chiefly US) To perform a mathematical calculation.
(chiefly US, idiomatic) To determine the explanation for or precise nature of a situation, such as the motive underlying someone's behavior, based on available facts.

do the right thing v
bien faire faire ce [[qu']]il fallait faire ce [[qu']]il faut faire la bonne chose
(set phrase) To do what is ethical or just.

do the trick v
faire l'affaire
(informal) To work; to be successful; to solve a problem; to be sufficient or adequate to fulfill a purpose.

do time v
faire de la prison
(colloquial) To spend time in prison (as a prisoner).

do unto others as you would have them do unto you proverb
traite les autres comme tu voudrais être traité
One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself; an expression of the golden rule.

do what interjection
de quoi?
(idiomatic, colloquial) An intensified version of what? or huh?, expressing surprise or lack of comprehension

do without v
se passer de
(mostly, transitive) To manage despite the lack of.

do you accept American dollars phraseologicalUnit
acceptez-vous les dollars américains
Used to ask whether or not products or services may be paid for in American dollars.

do you accept credit cards phraseologicalUnit
acceptez-vous les cartes de crédit ?
Used to ask whether or not products or services may be paid for by credit card.

do you believe in God phraseologicalUnit
crois-tu en dieu ? croyez-vous en Dieu ?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor believes in God.

do you come here often phraseologicalUnit
venez-vous souvent ici
A common phrase for initiating conversation with a stranger, especially one for seeking romantic involvement.

do you have Wi-Fi phraseologicalUnit
Est-ce que tu as Wi-Fi? Est-ce que vous avez Wi-Fi?
Asks if there is any available Wi-Fi connection.

do you have a boyfriend phraseologicalUnit
as-tu un petit-ami ?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor has a boyfriend.

do you have a girlfriend phraseologicalUnit
as-tu une petite-amie
Used to ask whether the interlocutor has a girlfriend.

do you have a menu in English phraseologicalUnit
avez-vous un menu en anglais est-ce que vous avez un menu en anglais
A question used to ask for a restaurant menu in the English language

do you have any brothers or sisters phraseologicalUnit
as-tu des frères et sœurs ? avez-vous des frères et sœurs ?
Used to ask whether someone has any siblings.

do you have any pets phraseologicalUnit
avez-vous des animaux de compagnie ?
Used to ask whether the interlocutor is an owner of pets.

do you have children phraseologicalUnit
as-tu des enfants ? avez-vous des enfants ?
Used to ask whether somebody is a parent of children.

do you know phraseologicalUnit
est-ce que vous savez ? sais-tu ? savez-vous ?
(This entry is a translation hub.)

do you love me phraseologicalUnit
est-ce que tu m'aimes ? est-ce que vous m'aimez ?
do you love me?

do you need help phraseologicalUnit
as-tu besoin d'aide? avez-vous besoin d'aide?
Asks the interlocutor if they require assistance.

do you speak English phraseologicalUnit
parles-tu anglais&nbsp;? parles-tu français parlez-vous anglais&nbsp;? parlez-vous français tu parles anglais&nbsp;? vous parlez anglais&nbsp;?
Asks the interlocutor whether or not they are able to speak in the English language.

do you think you can walk phraseologicalUnit
peux-tu marcher ? pouvez-vous marcher ?
Asked to find out whether an ill or wounded person is able to walk or needs to sit down or lie down.

do-goodism do-goodisms n
bonnisme
The action of a do-gooder

dob in v
balancer
(slang, transitive) To betray someone by informing on them.

dobbin /ˈdɒbɪn/ dobbins n
carne
An old jaded horse.

dobra /ˈdɒbɹə/ /ˈdəʊbɹə/ dobras n
dobra
The official or principal currency of São Tomé and Príncipe, divided into 100 cêntimos.

doc /dɑk/ /dɒk/ docs n
toubib
(informal) A doctor.

docile /ˈdɑ.saɪl/ /ˈdɑ.səl/ /ˈdəʊ.saɪl/ more docile most docile adj
docile
Yielding to control or supervision, direction, or management.

docility docilities n
docilité
The quality of being docile.

docimastically adv
docimastiquement

dock /dɑk/ /dɒk/ docks n
parelle patience
Any of the genus Rumex of coarse weedy plants with small green flowers related to buckwheat, especially bitter dock (Rumex obtusifolius), and used as potherbs and in folk medicine, especially in curing nettle rash.
darse dock
(nautical) A fixed structure attached to shore to which a vessel is secured when in port.
The body of water between two piers.
banc des accusés
(law) Part of a courtroom where the accused sits.
bardane
A burdock plant, or the leaves of that plant.
socle
(electronics) A device designed as a base for holding a connected portable appliance such as a laptop computer (in this case, referred to as a docking station), or a mobile telephone, for providing the necessary electrical charge for its autonomy, or as a hardware extension for additional capabilities.

docking dockings n
caudectomie
The process of cutting off or trimming the tail or ears of an animal.
amarrage
(nautical) The securing of a vessel to the quayside with cables.
(astronautics) The process of connecting one spacecraft to another.

docking station docking stations n
station d'accueil
(computing) A piece of hardware into which a laptop computer can be plugged for use as a desktop computer, peripherals such as the monitor being connected directly to the docking station.

dockworker dockworkers n
docker
A person who works on the dock of a harbor or shipyard, usually employed to load or unload freight.

dockyard dockyards n
chantier naval
A place where ships are repaired or outfitted.

doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/ /ˈdɒktə/ /ˈdɔktə/ doctors n
docteur docteure doctoresse docteuse
A person who has attained a doctorate, such as a Ph.D. or Th.D. or one of many other terminal degrees conferred by a college or university.

doctor /ˈdɑktɚ/ /ˈdɒktə/ /ˈdɔktə/ v
falsifier
(transitive) To physically alter (medically or surgically) a living being in order to change growth or behavior.
(transitive) To alter or make obscure, as with the intention to deceive, especially a document.

doctor's office doctors’ offices n
pratique
A clinic where one or more doctors receives patients for their medical care.

doctoral thesis doctoral theses n
thèse (de doctorat)
A research paper that a student writes in order to complete the requirements for a doctorate; a dissertation.

doctorate /ˈdɑk.tɚ.eɪt/ /ˈdɑk.tɚ.ət/ /ˈdɒk.tə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈdɒk.tə.ɹɪt/ doctorates n
doctorat
The highest degree awarded by a university faculty.

doctrinal /dɑkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /dɒkˈtɹaɪnəl/ /ˈdɑktɹɪnəl/ /ˈdɒktɹɪnəl/ adj
doctrinal
Of, relating to, involving, belonging to or concerning a doctrine.

doctrinally more doctrinally most doctrinally adv
doctrinalement
In a doctrinal manner; in terms of doctrine.

doctrine /ˈdɑk.tɹɪn/ /ˈdɒk.tɹɪn/ doctrines n
doctrine
(countable) A belief or tenet, especially about philosophical or theological matters.
(countable, and, uncountable) The body of teachings of an ideology, most often a religion, or of an ideological or religious leader, organization, group, or text.

doctype doctypes n
doctype

docudrama docudramas n
docudrame docufiction
A type of drama (a film, a television show, or a play) that combines elements of documentary and drama, to some extent showing real events and to some extent using actors performing recreations of documented events.

docufiction docufictions n
docufiction
(film genre) A cinematographic combination of documentary and fiction.

document /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/ documents n
document écrit
An original or official paper used as the basis, proof, or support of anything else, including any writing, book, or other instrument conveying information pertinent to such proof or support.

document /ˈdɑkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɑkjʊmɛnt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmənt/ /ˈdɒkjʊmɛnt/ v
documenter
To record in documents.

documentary /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ adj
documentaire
Of, related to, or based on documents.

documentary /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɑk.jəˈmɛn.tɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/ documentaries n
documentaire film documentaire
A film, TV program, publication etc. which presents a social, political, scientific or historical subject in a factual or informative manner.

documentary hypothesis pn
hypothèse documentaire
(theology) The hypothesis that the Pentateuch consists of two or more, usually four, originally distinct major documents. [ca. 1840]

documentation /ˌdɑkjəmənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdɒkjʊmənˈteɪʃən/ documentations n
documentation
(computing, mechanical engineering) Documents that explain the operation of a particular machine or software program.

docuseries docuseries n
docu-série docusérie
A documentary, or a collection of documentaries, presented as a series.

dodder /ˈdɑdɚ/ /ˈdɒdə/ dodders n
cuscute
Any of about 100-170 species of yellow, orange or red (rarely green) parasitic plants of the genus Cuscuta. Formerly treated as the only genus in the family Cuscutaceae, it is now placed in the morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

dodecadodecahedron /ˌdoʊdɛkəˈˌdoʊdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌdəʊdɛkəˈˌdəʊdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌdəʊdɪkəˈˌdəʊdɪkəˈhiːdɹən/ dodecadodecahedra dodecadodecahedrons n
dodécadodécaèdre
(geometry) A nonconvex polyhedron with twenty-four faces, thirty vertices, and sixty edges.

dodecagon dodecagons n
dodécagone
(geometry) A polygon with twelve edges and twelve angles.

dodecagram dodecagrams n
dodécagramme
A star polygon that has twelve vertices.

dodecahedron /doʊˌdɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdoʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɛk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ /ˌdəʊ.dɪk.əˈhiː.dɹən/ dodecahedra dodecahedrons n
dodécaèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with twelve faces; the regular dodecahedron has regular pentagons as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.

dodecaphonic adj
dodécaphonique
Of or pertaining to dodecaphony.

dodecaphonist dodecaphonists n
dodécaphoniste
(music) A practitioner or proponent of dodecaphony, i.e. use of the dodecaphonic musical scale, which has twelve tones per octave

dodge /dɑd͡ʒ/ /dɒd͡ʒ/ v
contourner esquiver éviter
(ambitransitive) To avoid (something) by moving suddenly out of the way.
esquiver éluder
(transitive, figuratively) To avoid; to sidestep.

dodge a bullet /dɔd͡ʒ ə ˈbʊl.ɪt/ v
l’échapper belle
(idiomatic, informal) To have a narrow escape; to avoid injury, disaster, or some other undesirable situation.

dodgeball dodgeballs n
balle aux prisonniers ballon-chasseur
A team sport whose main objective is to dodge or catch balls thrown by the opposition.

dodgy /ˈdɒd͡ʒ.i/ dodgier dodgiest adj
pas fiable suspect
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Unsound and unreliable.
malhonnête croche
Dishonest.
craignos périlleux risqué
Risky.
louche
Uncomfortable and weird.

dodo /ˈdoʊˌdoʊ/ /ˈdəʊdəʊ/ dodoes dodos n
dodo dronte
A large, flightless bird, †Raphus cucullatus, related to the pigeon, that is now extinct (since the 1600s) and was native to Mauritius.
fossile
(figuratively) A person or organisation which is very old or has very old-fashioned views or is not willing to change and adapt.

doe /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ does n
biche chevrette daine
A female deer; also used of similar animals such as antelope (less commonly a goat, as nanny is also used).
lapine
A female rabbit.
hase
A female hare.

doe eyes n
yeux doux
Large seductive eyes, usually on a woman.

doer /ˈduː.ə/ /ˈduː.ɚ/ doers n
faiseur faiseuse
Someone who does, performs, or executes; an active person, an agent.

does anyone here speak English phraseologicalUnit
est-ce qu'il y a quelqu'un ici qui parle anglais
Does anyone here speak English?

doff /dɑf/ /dɒf/ /dɔf/ v
enlever oster
(clothing) To remove or take off (something such as clothing).

dog /dɑɡ/ /dɒɡ/ /dɔɡ/ dogs n
chien chien mâle
A mammal of the family Canidae:
chien
(derogatory) Someone who is cowardly, worthless, or morally reprehensible.
thon
(slang, derogatory) A dull, unattractive girl or woman.

dog Latin pn
latin de cuisine latin macaronique
Bad, erroneous Latin.

dog cart /ˈdɒɡkɑːt/ dog carts n
voiture à chien
A cart drawn by a dog.
charrette anglaise
A two-wheeled horse-drawn carriage with two transverse seats back to back. The rear seat originally closed up to form a box for carrying dogs.

dog collar dog collars n
collier
A collar for a dog.

dog days /ˈdɒɡ deɪz/ /ˈdɔɡ deɪz/ n
canicule
(archaic) The days following the heliacal rising of Sirius, now in early August (Gregorian) at dates varying by latitude.
The unpleasantly hot days of late summer.

dog eat dog /dɒɡ iːt dɒɡ/ /dɔɡ it dɔɡ/ adj
loi de la jungle
Ruthlessly acquisitive or competitive. Describes a business or other set of circumstances where people try to succeed at the expense of other people.

dog food dog foods n
nourriture pour chien
Food eaten by or appropriate for dogs in general, whether wild or domesticated.

dog in the manger dogs in mangers dogs in the manger n
Le Chien du jardinier
(idiom) Someone who denies to others something that he or she cannot use.

dog meat n
viande de chien
Meat from a dog eaten as food.

dog rose dog roses n
rosier des chiens rosier sauvage églantier églantier des chiens
A European wild rose shrub of species Rosa canina, having fragrant white or pink flowers and stems with sharp spines.
rose sauvage rosier des chiens rosier sauvage églantier églantier des chiens églantine
A Rosa canina flower.

dog shit n
merde de chien
(vulgar, literal) Fecal matter produced by a dog.

dog whelk dog whelks n
pilau pourpre
A carnivorous European mollusc, Nucella lapillus, found on rocky coasts.

dog's life dogs' lives n
vie de chien vie de galérien
(idiomatic) A miserable, wretched existence.
vivre comme un coq en pâte
(idiomatic) A life of indolence where the individual may do as he or she pleases, just like a pampered dog.

dog's mercury n
mercuriale vivace
Mercurialis perennis, a herbaceous, downy perennial woodland plant with erect stems bearing simple, serrate leaves, found in much of Europe.

dog-ear /ˈdɑɡ-/ /ˈdɒɡɪə/ /ˈdɔɡˌɪ(ə)ɹ/ dog-ears n
corne
The folded corner of the page of a book or other publication, either due to having been read many times or intentionally as a sort of bookmark.

dog-ear /ˈdɑɡ-/ /ˈdɒɡɪə/ /ˈdɔɡˌɪ(ə)ɹ/ v
corner
(transitive) To fold (the corner of the page of a book or other publication).

dog-eared /ˈdɑɡ-/ /ˈdɒɡɪəd/ /ˈdɔɡˌɪ(ə)ɹd/ more dog-eared most dog-eared adj
corné
Of a page in a book or other publication: having its corner folded down, either due to having been read many times, or intentionally as a sort of bookmark.
écorné
(figuratively) Ragged, worn-out; also, hackneyed, tired.

dogbane dogbanes n
apocyn
Any plant in the genus Apocynum, eponymous of the dogbane family Apocynaceae

doge /doʊd͡ʒ/ /doʊʒ/ /dəʊdʒ/ /dəʊʒ/ /ˈdoʊ.d͡ʒeɪ/ /ˈdəʊ.dʒeɪ/ doges dogi n
doge
(historical) The chief magistrate in the republics of Venice and Genoa.

dogfight dogfights n
combat aérien
(aviation, military) A twisting turning battle between two or more military aircraft, especially between fighters.
combat de chiens
A fight between dogs, especially as part of the blood sport of dogfighting.

dogged /ˈdɒɡɪd/ /ˈdɔɡɪd/ more dogged most dogged adj
obstiné opiniâtre tenace
stubbornly persevering, steadfast

doggerel /ˈdɒɡəɹəl/ doggerels n
vers de mirliton
(poetry) A comic or humorous verse, usually irregular in measure.

doggone /ˈdɑɡ.ɑn/ /ˈdɒɡ.ɒn/ doggonest adj
sacré

doggy /ˈdɑɡ.i/ /ˈdɒ.ɡi/ /ˈdɔ.ɡi/ doggies n
toutou chienchien
(childish, or, endearing) A dog, especially a small one.

doggy style /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/ /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/ adv
en levrette
(slang, of sexual intercourse) In a position whereby one partner is on all fours and the other partner is penetrating from behind.

doggy style /ˈdɑɡ.i staɪl/ /ˈdɒ.ɡi staɪl/ /ˈdɔ.ɡi staɪl/ n
levrette
(slang) The position assumed for doggy style intercourse.

dogma /ˈdɑɡ.mə/ /ˈdɒɡ.mə/ /ˈdɔɡ.mə/ dogmas dogmata n
dogme
An authoritative principle, belief or statement of opinion, especially one considered to be absolutely true and indisputable, regardless of evidence or without evidence to support it.
A doctrine (or set of doctrines) relating to matters such as morality and faith, set forth authoritatively by a religious organization or leader.

dogmatic /dɑɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk/ /dɔɡˈmæt.ɪk/ [dɑɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [dɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ˈdɔɡˈmæɾ.ɪk] more dogmatic most dogmatic adj
dogmatique
Asserting dogmas or beliefs in a superior or arrogant way; opinionated, dictatorial.

dogmatically more dogmatically most dogmatically adv
dogmatiquement
In a dogmatic manner.

dogmatism dogmatisms n
dogmatisme
The manner or character of a dogmatist; arrogance or positiveness in stating opinion.

dogmatist dogmatists n
dogmatiste
A stubborn, assertive, opinionated person.

dogsbody /ˈdɑɡz.bɑ.di/ /ˈdɒɡz.bɒ.dɪ/ /ˈdɔɡz.bɑ.di/ dogsbodies n
larbin petite main
(British, Ireland) A person who does menial work, a servant.

dogsitter dogsitters n
promeneur de chien dogsitter promeneuse de chien
One who acts as babysitter for a dog in the owner's absence.

dogsled dogsleds n
traîneau à chien
A sled, pulled by dogs over ice and snow.

dogwood /ˈdɒɡwʊd/ dogwoods n
cornouiller
Any of various small trees of the genus Cornus, especially the wild cornel and the flowering cornel

doily /ˈdɔɪli/ doilies n
napperon
(Judaism) A similar circular piece of lace worn as a head-covering by some married Jewish women.

dojo /ˈdoʊˌd͡ʒoʊ/ /ˈdəʊdʒəʊ/ [ˈdoʊ̯ˌd͡ʒoʊ̯] [ˈdəʊ̯d͡ʒəʊ̯] dojo dojos n
dojo
(martial arts) A training facility, usually led by one or more sensei; a hall or room used for such training.

dolabriform more dolabriform most dolabriform adj
dolabriforme
Shaped like the head of an axe or hatchet.

dolce far niente /ˌdoʊltʃeɪ ˌfɑɹ niˈɛnteɪ/ /ˌdoʊltʃi ˌfɑɹ niˈɛnti/ /ˌdɒltʃeɪ ˌfɑː nɪˈɛnteɪ/ n
farniente
Sheer indulgent relaxation and blissful laziness, the enjoyment of idleness.

dolce vita /ˌdoʊltʃeɪ ˈvitə/ /ˌdɒltʃeɪ ˈviːtə/ n
dolce vita
The good life; a life of self-indulgence and luxury. [from 20th c.]

doldrums /ˈdɑldɹəmz/ /ˈdɒldɹəmz/ n
Pot-au-Noir
(nautical, oceanography, by extension) Usually preceded by the: a part of the ocean near the equator where calms, squalls, and light, baffling winds are common.

dole /dol/ /dɔʊl/ /dəʊl/ n
assedics
(informal) Payment by the state to the unemployed; unemployment benefits.

dole out v
distribuer
(idiomatic, transitive) To distribute in apportioned amounts.

dolerite /ˈdɑl.əˌɹaɪt/ /ˈdɒl.əˌɹaɪt/ dolerites n
diabase diorte dolérite
(geology) A type of fine-grained basaltic rock.

doleritic more doleritic most doleritic adj
doléritique
Of the nature of dolerite.

dolichocephaly n
dolichocéphalie dolichocrânie
(medicine) The quality or condition of being dolichocephalic.

doll /dɑl/ /dɒl/ /dɔl/ [dɒːɫ] dolls dollz n
poupée
A toy in the form of a human.
(slang) An attractive young woman.

doll's house doll's houses n
maison de poupée
(UK) A miniature house used by children as a toy for recreating domestic settings.

dollar /ˈdoː.lə/ /ˈdɑ.lɚ/ /ˈdɒl.ə/ /ˈdɔ.lɚ/ /ˈdɔː.lə/ dollars n
dollar
Official designation for currency in some parts of the world, including Canada, the United States, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and elsewhere. Its symbol is $.

dollar sign dollar signs n
signe du dollar
The symbol $, used to indicate a price in dollars.

dollarization /dɑlɝɪˈzeɪ̯ʃɪn/ n
dollarisation
(economics) The process of a country, officially, or its residents, unofficially, adopting the US dollar or other foreign currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency.

dollarize v
dollariser
(intransitive) To undergo dollarization; to start using the dollar as currency.

dollop /ˈdɑləp/ /ˈdɒləp/ dollops n
motte
A considerable lump, scoop, or quantity of something, especially soft food. [from 1810s]

dolly zoom dolly zooms n
travelling contrarié
(film) A camera effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception, achieved by using the setting of a zoom lens to adjust the field of view while the camera dollies towards or away from the subject in such a way as to keep the subject the same size in the frame throughout.

dolman /ˈdoʊlmən/ /ˈdɒlmən/ dolmans n
dolman
A short, close-fitting, heavily braided military jacket, usually worn under a pelisse, originally by hussars.
A woman's garment with wide capelike sleeves.

dolmen /ˈdoʊl.mən/ /ˈdɑl.mən/ /ˈdɒl.mɛn/ dolmens n
dolmen
A prehistoric megalithic tomb consisting of a capstone supported by two or more upright stones, most having originally been covered with earth or smaller stones to form a barrow.

dolostone dolostones n
dolomie
(geology) A sedimentary carbonate rock that contains a high percentage of the mineral dolomite.

dolour /ˈdoʊlɚ/ /ˈdɒlə/ /ˈdəʊlə/ dolours n
douleur deuil
(chiefly, uncountable, literary) Anguish, grief, misery, or sorrow.

dolphin /ˈdɑlf.ɪn/ /ˈdɒlf.ɪn/ [ˈdɑl̥fɪn] [ˈdɒl̥fɪn] dolphins n
dauphin
A carnivorous aquatic mammal in one of several families of order Cetacea, famed for its intelligence and occasional willingness to approach humans.
duc-d'Albe
(nautical) A man-made semi submerged maritime structure, usually installed to provide a fixed structure for temporary mooring, to prevent ships from drifting to shallow water or to serve as base for navigational aids.

dolphinarium /dɑl.fɪˈnɛəɹ.i.əm/ /dɒl.fɪˈnɛəɹ.i.əm/ dolphinaria dolphinariums n
delphinarium

dolt /doʊlt/ /dɒlt/ /dɔʊlt/ /dəʊlt/ dolts n
imbécile
(pejorative) A stupid person; a blockhead or dullard.

dom doms n
dominateur dominatrice
(BDSM) A dominant (in sadomasochistic sexual practices), especially a male one.

domain /doʊˈmeɪn/ /dəʊˈmeɪn/ /dəˈmeɪn/ domains n
domaine
A geographic area owned or controlled by a single person or organization.
A field or sphere of activity, influence or expertise.
(computing, Internet) A collection of DNS or DNS-like domain names consisting of a delegated domain name and all its subdomains.
(computing) The collection of computers identified by a domain's domain names.
(taxonomy) The highest rank in the classification of organisms, above kingdom; in the three-domain system, one of the taxa Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukaryota.
(biochemistry) A folded section of a protein molecule that has a discrete function; the equivalent section of a chromosome
domaine domaine de définition
(computing) A collection of information having to do with a domain, the computers named in the domain, and the network on which the computers named in the domain reside.

domain-specific language domain-specific languages n
langage dédié
(programming) A programming/specification language that is dedicated to a particular problem domain, a particular problem representation/solution technique.

domanial more domanial most domanial adj
domanial

domaniality n
domanialité

dome /dəʊm/ domes n
dôme coupole
(architecture) A structural element resembling the hollow upper half of a sphere.

domestic /-stək/ /dəˈmes.tɪk/ /dəˈmɛs.tɪk/ more domestic most domestic adj
domestique
Of or relating to the home.
(of an animal) Kept by someone, for example as a farm animal or a pet.
domestique conjugal familial
Of or relating to activities normally associated with the home, wherever they actually occur.
intérieur national intestin
Internal to a specific country.

domestic cat domestic cats n
chat domestique
(zoology) A domesticated cat, of the species Felis catus or Felis silvestris catus, especially one kept as a pet or for vermin control.

domestic debt domestic debts n
dette intérieure dette nationale dette publique
(economics) debt owed to creditors resident in the same country as the debtor

domestic policy domestic policies n
politique intérieure
A government's policy relating to issues and activity within a nation's borders.

domestic sheep domestic sheep n
mouton domestique
Ovis aries, domesticated sheep kept as livestock

domestic violence n
violence conjugale
Violence between members of a household, such as spouses.

domesticate /-kɪt/ /-stə-/ /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/ /dəˈmɛ.stɪ.kət/ v
domestiquer
(transitive) To make domestic.
(transitive) To make (more) fit for domestic life.
(transitive) To adapt to live with humans.
(intransitive) To adapt to live with humans.

domesticated more domesticated most domesticated adj
domestiqué
selectively bred to live with or around humans. (of an animal or a plant, especially a pet)

domestication domestications n
domestication
The act of domesticating, or accustoming to home; the action of taming wild animals or breeding plants.

domestique /dəˌmɛˈstik/ /ˌdɒ-/ /ˌdə(ʊ)mɛˈstiːk/ domestiques n
équipier équipière
(cycle racing) A cyclist on a cycle racing team whose role is to assist the team's designated leaders (for example, by riding in front of them to create a slipstream, or to set the pace), even if at the expense of their own individual performance.

domicile /ˈdɑ.mɪ.saɪl/ /ˈdɑ.mɪ.sɪl/ /ˈdɒm.ɪ.saɪl/ domiciles n
domicile
(formal) A home or residence.

dominance /ˈdɑmɪnəns/ /ˈdɒmɪnəns/ /ˈdɔmɪnəns/ dominances n
domination dominance
The state of being dominant; of prime importance; supremacy.
autorité dominance
Being in a position of power, authority or ascendancy over others.
dominance
(physiology) The superior development of or preference for one side of the body or one of a pair of organs; such as being right-handed.

dominant /ˈdɑmənənt/ /ˈdɒmɪnənt/ more dominant most dominant adj
dominant
Ruling; governing; prevailing
Predominant, common, prevalent, of greatest importance.

dominate /ˈdɑːmənət/ /ˈdɒmənət/ dominates n
dominat
(historical) The late period of the Roman Empire, following the principate, during which the emperor's rule became more explicitly autocratic and remaining vestiges of the Roman Republic were removed from the formal workings of government; the reign of any particular emperor during this period.

dominate /ˈdɑ.məˌneɪt/ /ˈdɒm.əˌneɪt/ /ˈdɔm.əˌnæɪt/ v
dominer
To govern, rule or control by superior authority or power

domination /ˌdɑːməˈneɪʃən/ /ˌdɒməˈneɪʃən/ dominations n
domination
The exercise of power in ruling; sovereignty; authority; government.
(Christianity) A dominion; an angel from a high order of angels in the celestial hierarchy.
(BDSM) A fetish characterized by control and power over and discipline of one's sexual partner.

dominatrix /ˌdɒmɪˈneɪtɹɪks/ dominatrices dominatrixes n
dominatrice
A dominating woman; a female dominator.
domina dominatrice
A dominant female in sadomasochistic practices.

domineering more domineering most domineering adj
dominateur
Overbearing, dictatorial or authoritarian.

dominical /dəʊ-/ /dəˈmɪnək(ə)l/ /dəˈmɪnɪk(ə)l/ adj
dominical
(historical) Of or pertaining to the ancient system of dominical letters, used for determining Sundays (particularly Easter Sunday) in any given year.

dominion /doʊˈmɪnjən/ /dəˈmɪnjən/ dominions n
domination
Power or the use of power; sovereignty over something; stewardship, supremacy.

domino effect domino effects n
effet domino
The situation in which one event sets off a chain of additional events.

dominoes /ˈdɑmɪnoʊz/ /ˈdɒmɪnəʊz/ n
dominos
Any of several games played by arranging domino tiles on a flat surface.

domotics n
domotique
Robotic technology for use in the home.

don /dɑn/ /dɒn/ v
enfiler mettre revêtir
(transitive) To put on clothing; to dress (oneself) in an article of personal attire.

don't change a winning team proverb
on ne change pas une équipe qui gagne

don't count your chickens before they're hatched proverb
il ne faut pas vendre la peau de l'ours avant de l'avoir tué
One should not depend upon a favorable (and typically overoptimistic) outcome to one's plans until it is certain to occur.

don't look a gift horse in the mouth proverb
à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la denture à cheval donné on ne regarde pas la bride à cheval donné on ne regarde pas les dents à cheval donné, on ne regarde pas la bouche
One should not unappreciatively question or inspect a gift too closely.

don't mention it phraseologicalUnit
de rien il n'y a pas de quoi pas de quoi
A polite way of responding to thanks, by suggesting that the service is too trivial or humble to warrant thanks; you're welcome.

don't put all your eggs in one basket proverb
il ne faut pas mettre tous ses œufs dans le même panier
Do not dedicate all your resources to one project.

don't shoot the messenger proverb
ce n’est pas en cassant le thermomètre qu’on fait tomber la fièvre ne tirez pas sur le messager ne tuez pas le messager
The bearer of bad news should not be held accountable for it.

don't try to teach grandma how to suck eggs proverb
ce n’est pas à un vieux singe qu’on apprend à faire des grimaces on n'apprend pas à un vieux singe à faire la grimace
Don't presume to give advice to those who are more experienced.

don't worry phraseologicalUnit
inquiéter t'inquiète
Indicates to the interlocutor not to worry about something.

donate /doʊˈneɪt/ /dəʊˈneɪt/ /dəˈneɪt/ /ˈdoʊˌneɪt/ v
donner faire un don
(ambitransitive) To make a donation; to give away something of value to support or contribute towards a cause or for the benefit of another.

donatee donatees n
donataire
Someone who has received a donation or someone who needs a donation.

donation /doʊˈneɪʃən/ /dəʊˈneɪʃən/ donations n
donation don
A voluntary gift or contribution for a specific cause.

donator donators n
donateur donatrice
(rare) Donor, one who donates.

done /dʌn/ [dɐn] [dʊn] more done most done adj
fini
(of an activity or task) Completed or finished.
prêt cuit fait terminé
(of food) Ready, fully cooked.
mort
Being exhausted or fully spent.

done /dʌn/ [dɐn] [dʊn] interjection
fini
Expresses that a task has been completed.

doner kebab /ˈdɒn.ə(ɹ) kəˌbæb/ /ˌdoʊ.nɚ kɪˈbɑb/ doner kebabs n
döner kebab doner kebab sandwich grec
A Turkish dish in which meat (typically seasoned lamb or mutton, but alternatively chicken or perhaps beef) is grilled on a revolving vertical spit; when cooked, the meat is sliced off and served with fresh vegetables in pita or rolled in a piece of unleavened flatbread.

dong /dɑŋ/ /dɒŋ/ /dɔŋ/ dong dongs n
dong
The currency of Vietnam, 100 xus. Symbol: ₫
(historical) The currency of South Vietnam, 100 xus. Symbol: Đ.

dongle /ˈdɑŋɡl̩/ /ˈdɒŋɡl̩/ dongles n
clé électronique dongle
(computer hardware) A hardware device utilized by a specific application for purposes of copy protection.

donkey /ˈdɑŋki/ /ˈdɒŋki/ /ˈdɔŋki/ /ˈdʌŋki/ donkeys n
âne
A domestic animal, Equus asinus asinus, similar to a horse.
A stubborn person.
A fool.

donor /ˈdoʊnɚ/ /ˈdəʊnə/ donors n
donneur donateur
One who makes a donation.

doodle /ˈdud(ə)l/ /ˈduːdl̩/ doodles n
gribouillis griffonnage
A small mindless sketch, etc.
zizi
(slang, sometimes, _, childish) The penis.

doodle /ˈdud(ə)l/ /ˈduːdl̩/ v
griffonner gribouiller
(ambitransitive) To draw or scribble aimlessly.

doofus /ˈduːfəs/ doofi doofuses n
andouille
(slang, derogatory, sometimes affectionately humorous) A person with poor judgment and taste; a foolish or silly person.

doohickey /ˈduhɪki/ doohickeys n
machin truc
(slang, originally, US) A thing (used in a vague way to refer to something whose name one does not know or cannot recall)

doom /duːm/ dooms n
perte ruine
An undesirable fate; an impending severe occurrence or danger that seems inevitable.
mort
Death.

doom /duːm/ v
condamner
(transitive) To pronounce judgment or sentence on; to condemn.

doomed /duːmd/ more doomed most doomed adj
condamné
Assured to suffer death, failure, or a similarly negative outcome.

doomsayer /ˈdumˌseɪ.ɚ/ /ˈduːmˌseɪ.ə/ doomsayers n
apocalyptique catastrophiste
One who makes dire predictions about the future; one who predicts doom.

doomsday /ˈduːmz.deɪ/ doomsdays n
jugement dernier jour du Jugement dernier
The day when God is expected to judge the world; the end times.

door /do(ː)ɹ/ /doə/ /doʊ/ /dɔɹ/ /dɔː/ doors n
porte huis portière
A portal of entry into a building, room, or vehicle, typically consisting of a rigid plane movable on a hinge. It may have a handle to help open and close, a latch to hold it closed, and a lock that ensures it cannot be opened without a key.

door /do(ː)ɹ/ /doə/ /doʊ/ /dɔɹ/ /dɔː/ v
emportiérer
(transitive, cycling) To cause a collision by opening the door of a vehicle in front of an oncoming cyclist or pedestrian.

door chain door chains n
chaîne de porte chaîne de sûreté
A device that allows a door to be partially opened from the inside, whilst preventing it from being fully opened from the outside

door frame /ˈdɔɹ ˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈdɔː ˌfɹeɪm/ door frames n
encadrement de porte
The frame into which a door is fitted.

door handle door handles n
poignée clenche poignée de porte
A mechanism attached to a door and used to open or close it.

door opener door openers n
ouvre-porte
Any of various devices to automatically open a door in response to a sensor or signal sent from a controller.

door to door adv
porte à porte
(by metonymy) From one household or business to the next.
(by metonymy) From ultimate origin to ultimate destination.

door-to-door adj
porte-à-porte
Going from house to house, when selling, delivering or asking for something.

doorbell /ˈdɔɹ.bɛl/ /ˈdɔː.bɛl/ doorbells n
sonnette
A device on or adjacent to an outer door for announcing one's presence. It can be mechanical, directly sounding a bell, or a button that electrically sounds a chime or buzzer inside the building.

dooring doorings n
emportiérage
The event of a cyclist crashing into a newly opened car door.

doorjamb doorjambs n
jambage piédroit
Either of the upright posts on either side of a door, which together support a lintel.

doorkeeper doorkeepers n
portier concierge portière
The person in charge of an entryway, sometimes just a doorman, sometimes something more.

doorknob /ˈdɔɹ.nɑb/ /ˈdɔː.nɒb/ doorknobs n
bouton de porte clenche poignée de porte
A circular device attached to a door, the rotation of which permits the unlatching of the door.

doorknocker doorknockers n
heurtoir
A knocker mounted on a door.

doorman doormen n
portier
A person who holds open the door at the entryway (entrance) to a building, summons taxicabs, and provides an element of security; in apartment buildings, he also accepts deliveries and may perform certain concierge type services.

doormat /ˈdɔɹˌmæt/ /ˈdɔːˌmæt/ doormats n
paillasson essuie-pieds
A coarse mat at the entrance to a house, upon which one wipes one's shoes.
paillasson carpette
(figuratively, derogatory) Someone who is overly submissive to others' wishes.

doorsill doorsills n
barre de seuil
The horizontal piece of material at the threshold of a doorway; a doorstep.

doorstep /ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/ doorsteps n
seuil
An outside step leading up to the door of a building, usually a home.

doorstop doorstops n
cale-porte
Any device or object used to halt the motion of a door, as a large or heavy object, a wedge, or some piece of hardware fixed to the floor, door or wall.
brique pavé
(jocular) A large book, which by implication could be used to stop a door.

doorway /ˈdo(ː)ɹweɪ/ /ˈdoəweɪ/ /ˈdɔɹweɪ/ /ˈdɔːweɪ/ doorways n
embrasure de la porte
The passage of a door; a door-shaped entrance into a house or a room.

doorwoman doorwomen n
portière
The female equivalent of a doorman.

doozy /ˈduːzi/ doozies n
c'est quelque chose
(US, informal) Something that is extraordinary: often troublesome, difficult or problematic, but sometimes extraordinary in a positive sense.

dopamine /ˈdoʊ.pəˌmin/ /ˈdəʊ.pə.miːn/ dopamines n
dopamine
(neurotransmitter, pharmaceutical drug) A monoamine C8H11NO2 that is a decarboxylated form of dopa, present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including adrenalin.

dopaminergic /ˌdow.pəmɪˈnɜː(ɹ)dʒɪk/ adj
dopaminergique
Containing, involving, or transmitting dopamine.

dope [doʊp] [dəʊp] dopes n
cirage cire glaçage patine sous-couche vernis
(uncountable) Any viscous liquid or paste, such as a lubricant, used in preparing a surface.
éponge
(uncountable) An absorbent material used to hold a liquid.
cire vernis
(uncountable, aeronautics) Any varnish used to coat a part, such as an airplane wing or a hot-air balloon in order to waterproof, strengthen, etc.
dope drogue
(uncountable, slang) Any of various recreational substances:
actus fraiches infos
(uncountable, slang) Information, usually from an inside source, originally in horse racing and other sports. [from early 20th c.]
con idiot
(countable, slang) A stupid person.

doping dopings n
dopage doping
(sports) The use of drugs to improve athletic performance.
dopage
The addition of small quantities of an element (a dopant) to a semiconductor to change its characteristics.

doppelganger /-ˌɡæŋə/ /-ˌɡæŋəɹ/ /ˈdɑp(ə)lˌɡɛŋəɹ/ /ˈdɒp(ə)lˌɡɛŋə/ doppelgangers n
jumeau maléfique
An evil twin.
sosie
A remarkably similar double.

dor /ˈdɔː(ɹ)/ dors n
géotrupe du fumier

dorama doramas n
drama
Japanese TV drama.

dorayaki n
dorayaki
A Japanese confection consisting of two sponge cake patties wrapped around a filling of sweet azuki bean paste.

dormant /ˈdɔɹmənt/ /ˈdɔːmənt/ adj
dormant endormi inactif
Inactive, sleeping, asleep, suspended.

dormant volcano dormant volcanoes dormant volcanos n
volcan endormi
(geology) A volcano that has not erupted for a considerable length of time, but is still capable of erupting.

dormer-window dormer-windows n
lucarne
An upright window built from a sloping roof.

dormition /dɔːˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ dormitions n
dormition
(Eastern Orthodoxy, often, capitalized) The death and assumption into heaven of the Virgin Mary.

dormitory /ˈdɔɹmɪˌtɔɹi/ dormitories n
dortoir cellule
A room containing a number of beds (and often some other furniture and/or utilities) for sleeping, often applied to student and backpacker accommodation of this kind.
cité universitaire foyer résidence
A building or part of a building which houses students, soldiers, monks etc. who sleep there and use communal further facilities.

dormouse /ˈdɔɹmaʊs/ /ˈdɔːmaʊs/ dormice n
loir
Any of several species of small, mostly European rodents of the family Gliridae; also called Myoxidae or Muscardinidae by some taxonomists.
(figuratively) A person who sleeps a great deal, or who falls asleep readily (by analogy with the sound hibernation of the dormouse).

dorsal /ˈdɔɹ.səl/ /ˈdɔː.sl̩/ /ˈdɔː.səl/ more dorsal most dorsal adj
dorsal
(anatomy, zootomy) With respect to, or concerning the side in which the backbone is located, or the analogous side of an invertebrate.

dorsal fin dorsal fins n
nageoire dorsale
A fin located on the backs of fish and some marine mammals.

dorveille n
assoupissement
(literary) A dreamlike semi-conscious state, such as while falling asleep or waking up, between periods of sleep, or from exhaustion; generally with reference to an altered mental state where there is no distinction between the fantastic and the familiar.

dory /ˈdɔːɹi/ dories n
doris
(nautical) A small flat-bottomed boat with pointed or somewhat pointed ends, used for fishing both offshore and on rivers.

dosage /ˈdəʊsɪd͡ʒ/ dosages n
dosage
The administration of a medication etc, in a measured amount; dosing.

dose /doʊs/ /dəʊs/ doses n
dose
A measured portion of medicine taken at any one time.
The quantity of an agent (not always active) substance or radiation administered or experienced at any one time.

dosh /dɒʃ/ n
fric pognon thune
(UK, AU, slang) Money.

dosimeter dosimeters n
dosimètre
A device used to measure a dose of ionizing radiation.

doss-house doss-houses n
asile asile de nuit
A place where homeless people can sleep for the night.

dossard /ˈdɑsɑɹ/ /ˈdɒsɑː/ dossards n
dossard
(cycle racing) A bib attached to the back of a cyclist's shirt that carries the cyclist's race number.

dosseret dosserets n
dosseret
A cubical block of stone above the capitals in a Byzantine church.

dossier /-si.ɚ/ /ˈdɑ.si.eɪ/ /ˈdɑs.jeɪ/ /ˈdɒs.i.eɪ/ /ˈdɔ.si.eɪ/ /ˈdɔs.jeɪ/ dossiers n
dossier
A collection of papers and/or other sources, containing detailed information about a particular person or subject, together with a synopsis of their content.

dot /dɑt/ /dɒt/ /dɔt/ dots n
point
(grammar) A punctuation mark used to indicate the end of a sentence or an abbreviated part of a word; a full stop; a period.
(mathematics) A symbol used for separating the fractional part of a decimal number from the whole part, for indicating multiplication or a scalar product, or for various other purposes.
One of the two symbols used in Morse code.
Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen.
(MLE) buckshot, projectile from a "dotty" or shotgun

dot matrix /ˈdɑt ˌmætɹɪks/ /ˈdɒt ˌmeɪtɹɪks/ dot matrices dot matrixes n
matricielle à aiguilles
(computing, also, attributively) A two-dimensional array or pattern of dots used (for example, by a display device or a printer) to represent alphanumeric characters and pictures.

dot matrix printer dot matrix printers n
imprimante matricielle
(computer hardware) A type of printer that prints characters using an array of small wires that produce an array of dots when striking the paper.

dotage /ˈdoʊtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈdəʊtɪdʒ/ dotages n
débilité sénile sénilité
Decline in judgment and other cognitive functions, associated with aging; senility.

dotard /ˈdoʊ.tɑɹd/ /ˈdoʊ.tɚd/ /ˈdəʊ.təd/ dotards n
radoteur
(archaic) An old person with impaired intellect; one in their dotage.

dotted line dotted lines n
pointillé
A line made up of dots or dashes, often used to indicate where one is supposed to sign a contract.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] adj
double
Made up of two matching or complementary elements.
Of twice the quantity.
Having two aspects; ambiguous.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] doubles n
double
Twice the number, amount, size, etc.
A drink with two portions of alcohol.
sosie double
A person who resembles and stands in for another person, often for safety purposes
doublon
A redundant item for which an identical item already exists.

double /ˈdʌb(ə)l/ /ˈdʌbl̩/ [ˈdʌb.ɫ] v
doubler
(transitive) To multiply by two.
(intransitive) To increase by 100%, to become twice as large in size.
(bridge) To make a call that will double certain scoring points if the preceding bid becomes the contract.
(transitive) To multiply the strength or effect of by two.

double Dutch /dʌb.əl ˈdʌtʃ/ n
charabia
Incomprehensible language.

double English n
petit-canon
(printing, US, dated) The size of type between double pica and double great primer, standardized as 28-point.

double act double acts n
duettistes duo comique
A comic pairing in which humor is derived from the uneven relationship between two partners, usually of the same gender, age, ethnic origin and profession, but often with drastically different personalities or behavior, maybe with a stooge or straight man.

double acute accent double acute accents n
double accent aigu
A rare diacritical mark (˝) made up of two acute accents on the same letter, usually a vowel.

double agent double agents n
agent double

double articulation n
double articulation
(linguistics) property of speech which allows creation of potentially infinite number of meaningful language sequences out of a limited number of meaningless elements called phonemes

double back v
revenir sur ses pas

double bass /ˈdʌ.bl̩beɪs/ double basses n
contrebasse
The largest stringed instrument of the violin family.

double bed double beds n
lit double
(UK, US) A bed designed for two adults, typically measuring 54 by 75 inches (1.35 by 1.9 meters).

double bridle double bridles n
bride
(equestrian) A Weymouth bridle, which uses both a bradoon, held by a sliphead, and a curb bit, and is used with two reins.

double chin double chins n
double menton
A layer of subcutaneous fat under the chin, giving the appearance of having an extra chin.

double cousin double cousins n
double-cousin
A cousin who is related on both sides of a family. A relative with four common grandparents.

double dagger double daggers n
double obèle
The typographical sign ‡ that is used to indicate a footnote or reference

double door double doors n
porte à deux battants
A set of two adjoining doors that can be opened independently.

double down v
doubler la mise
(gambling) To double one's wager. In particular, it is the name of a specific doubling bet allowed in blackjack.

double entendre /dubl ɑ̃tɑ̃ːdɹ/ /dʌbəl ɒnˈtɒndɹə/ double entendre double entendres n
double sens sous-entendu équivoque
A phrase that has two meanings, especially where one is innocent and literal, the other risqué, bawdy, or ironic; an innuendo.

double exposure double exposures n
surimpression
(photography) The process of producing such a photograph.

double factorial double factorials n
double factorielle
(mathematics, combinatorics) For an odd integer, the result of multiplying all the odd integers from 1 to the given number; or for an even integer, the result of multiplying all the even integers from 2 to the given number; symbolised by a double exclamation mark (!!). For example, 9!! = 1 × 3 × 5 × 7 × 9 = 945.

double fault double faults n
double faute
(tennis) The missing of both the first serve and second serve, resulting in a point for the receiver.

double flat double flats n
double bémol
(music) an accidental that indicates that a note should be played a whole step lower

double glazing double glazings n
double vitrage
A system of insulated windows (and doors) having two parallel layers of glass separated by an air space

double grave accent double grave accents n
double accent grave
A diacritical mark whose appearance consists of two grave accents.

double life /ˈdʌb(ə)l ˌlaɪf/ double lives n
double vie
An existence or life that has two aspects, particularly when one of them is regarded as embarrassing, immoral, or unlawful and thus kept hidden from a person's family, friends, and work colleagues.

double or quits n
quitte ou double
A bet of the same value as the initial one, resulting in either a doubling of a loss, or it being cancelled.

double penetration n
double pénétration
The simultaneous sexual penetration of one or more orifices of one person by two other people or objects.

double pica n
Palestine gros-paragon
(printing, dated) A large size of type, standardized as (UK) 22- or (US) 24-point.

double play double plays n
double jeu
(baseball, softball) A defensive play in which two outs are recorded.

double room double rooms n
chambre double
A room, especially in a hotel, that is designed for two people and has two single beds (sometimes called a twin room) or one double bed.

double sharp double sharps n
double dièse
(music) An accidental that indicates that a note should be played a whole step higher.

double sheet bend double sheet bends n
nœud d'écoute double
Doubled version of the sheet bend; a strong knot used to tie two ropes of different diameters together.

double standard double standards n
deux poids et deux mesures deux poids, deux mesures
A pair of monetary values, i.e. a gold standard and a silver standard, both of which are legal tender.

double star double stars n
étoile binaire étoile double
(star) Two stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a binary star.

double stop double stops n
double corde

double whole note double whole notes n
carrée
(US, music) A note with twice the value of a whole note; a breve.

double-barrelled shotgun double-barrelled shotguns n
fusil à deux coups fusil à double canon
A type of shot-firing gun with two long, parallel barrels, allowing the user to fire twice in quick succession.

double-blind adj
en double aveugle
Describing an experiment (usually medical) in which some information which might influence the experiment is withheld from two parties. Most commonly, parties in question are the subjects and the administrators and the information which is withheld is the treatment groups of the subjects.

double-blind test double-blind tests n
étude en double aveugle
(science) A form of scientific testing in which some information is withheld from two different parties. Most commonly, neither the tester nor the subjects tested know which are the control items and which are the test items.

double-click double-clicks n
double-clic
(computing) The action of pushing the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task that would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

double-click v
double-cliquer
(computing) To push the button on a mouse twice in quick succession in order to perform a different task than would be performed from a single-click or triple-click.

double-decker double-deckers n
autobus à impériale bus à impériale
A frigate with two decks above the waterline.

double-decker bus double-decker buses n
autobus à impériale bus à impériale
A bus that has two levels (decks) of seating.

double-edged more double-edged most double-edged adj
à double tranchant
(not comparable) Of a blade, such as a sword or knife, sharp on both edges.

double-edged sword double-edged swords n
arme à double tranchant
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see double-edged,‎ sword.

double-entry adj
en partie double
(accounting) Describing a method of bookkeeping in which each transaction is entered in two accounts, for debits and for credits.

double-park v
en double file se garer en double file
To park a car next to a car already parked on the side of a street, obstructing traffic.

double-sided adj
recto-verso
Using or able to be used on both sides.

double-u /ˈdʌbəljuː/ /ˌdʌb.əlˈjuː/ double-ues n
double vé
The name of the Latin-script letter W.

doublespeak n
double discours double langage
Any language deliberately constructed to disguise or distort its actual meaning, often by employing euphemism or ambiguity.

doublet /ˈdʌblət/ doublets n
doublon
pourpoint
A man’s close-fitting jacket, with or without sleeves, worn by European men from the 1400s to the 1600s.
doublet
(quantum mechanics) A quantum state of a system with a spin of ½, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, −½ and +½.

doublethink doublethinks n
doublepensée
The holding of two contradictory beliefs in one's mind simultaneously and accepting both of them as true or correct, without realizing the contradiction.

doubleton doubletons n
doublet
(mathematics, rare) A set containing precisely two elements.

doubloon /dʌˈbluːn/ doubloons n
doublon
(historical, numismatics) A former Spanish gold coin, also used in its American colonies. [from early 17th c.]

doubly /ˈdʌ.bəl.li/ /ˈdʌb.li/ adv
doublement
(usually, of relative importance, of degree, quantity or measure) In a double manner; with twice the severity or degree.

doubt /daʊt/ /dʌʊt/ doubts n
doute
(uncountable, countable) Disbelief or uncertainty (about something); (countable) a particular instance of such disbelief or uncertainty.

doubt /daʊt/ /dʌʊt/ v
douter
(ambitransitive) To be undecided about; to lack confidence in; to disbelieve, to question.

doubter doubters n
douteur

doubtful /ˈdaʊtfəl/ more doubtful most doubtful adj
douteux douteuse
Subject to, or causing doubt.

doubtfully more doubtfully most doubtfully adv
douteusement
In a doubtful manner, in context of doubt or ambiguity, questionably.

doubting Thomas doubting Thomases n
Thomas l'incrédule
One who requires proof before believing.

doubtless /ˈdaʊ̯tləs/ /ˈdʌʊ̯tləs/ adv
sans aucun doute sans nul doute indubitablement
Without doubt; certainly; definitely; very probably, in all likelihood; doubtlessly.

douche /duːʃ/ douches n
douche douche vaginale
A jet or current of water or vapour directed upon some part of the body to benefit it medicinally; in particular, such a jet directed at the vagina for irrigation.
poire de lavement
Something that produces the jet or current in the previous sense, such as a syringe.

douche /duːʃ/ v
doucher
(transitive) To administer a douche to; to shower; to douse

douchebag /ˈduːʃˌbæɡ/ douchebags n
con connard couille molle crétin enfoiré
(US, slang, vulgar) A jerk or asshole; a mean or rude person; someone seen as being arrogant, snobby or obnoxious.

dough /doʊ/ /dəʊ/ /dʌf/ doughs n
pâte
A thick, malleable substance made by mixing flour with other ingredients such as water, eggs, and/or butter, that is made into a particular form and then baked.
fric thune blé pognon flouze galette
(slang, somewhat dated) Money.

dough scraper dough scrapers n
maryse
A rubber or metal implement used to scrape food, such as dough, off a countertop, out of a bowl, etc.

doughnut /ˈdoʊnət/ /ˈdoʊˌnʌt/ /ˈdəʊˌnʌt/ doughnuts n
beignet donut
A deep-fried piece of dough or batter, commonly of a toroidal (a ring doughnut) shape, often mixed with various sweeteners and flavourings; or flattened sphere (a filled doughnut) shape filled with jam, custard or cream.

doula /ˈduːlə/ doulas n
doula
A trained support person who provides emotional, physical and practical assistance to a pregnant woman or couple before, during or after childbirth.

doum palm doum palms n
doum palmier doum d’Égypte
Hyphaene thebaica, a palm tree with edible oval fruit.

dour /ˈdaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈdaʊə/ /ˈdaʊɚ/ /ˈdur/ /ˈdʊə/ /ˈdʊɹ/ dourer dourest more dour most dour adj
austère dur rigoriste rigoureux sévère
Stern, harsh and forbidding.
entêté inflexible obstiné rigide têtu
Unyielding and obstinate.
lugubre morose mélancolique taciturne
Expressing gloom or melancholy.

douse /daʊs/ v
immerger
(ambitransitive) To plunge suddenly into water; to duck; to immerse.

dove /dʌv/ doves n
colombe pigeon
(countable) A pigeon, especially one smaller in size and white-colored; a bird (often arbitrarily called either a pigeon or a dove or both) of more than 300 species of the family Columbidae.
colombe
(countable, politics) A person favouring conciliation and negotiation rather than conflict.

dove of peace doves of peace n
colombe de la paix

dovecote /ˈdʌvkɑt/ /ˈdʌvkɒt/ dovecotes n
colombier
A small house or box, often raised to a considerable height above the ground, and having compartments (pigeonholes), in which domestic pigeons breed; a dove house.

dovetail /ˈdʌvteɪl/ /ˈdʌvˌteɪl/ dovetails n
queue-d'aronde
In full dovetail joint: a type of joint where adjoining components are fastened by multiple tenons cut into wedge shapes resembling a dove's tail, which interlock with mortises having corresponding shapes.

dovetail /ˈdʌvteɪl/ /ˈdʌvˌteɪl/ v
assembler imbriquer
(chiefly, woodworking) To unite (components) with a dovetail (noun sense 2.1) or similar joint.
concorder coïncider s'imbriquer
To combine or fit (things) together well.

dowager /ˈdaʊədʒə/ /ˈdaʊəd͡ʒɚ/ dowagers n
douairière
a widow holding property or title derived from her late husband
dame
any lady of dignified bearing

dowdy /ˈdaʊdi/ dowdier dowdiest adj
vieux jeu
Plain and unfashionable in style or dress.

dowel /ˈdaʊəl/ dowels n
cheville goujon
A pin, or block, of wood or metal, fitting into holes in the abutting portions of two pieces, and being partly in one piece and partly in the other, to keep them in their proper relative position.
cheville
(construction) A piece of wood or similar material fitted into a surface not suitable for fastening so that other pieces may be fastened to it.

dower /ˈdaʊ.əɹ/ [ˈdaʊ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈdaʊ.ɚ] dowers n
dot
(legal) The part of or interest in a deceased husband's property provided to his widow, usually in the form of a life estate.
douaire
(legal) Property given by a groom directly to his bride at or before their wedding in order to legitimize the marriage; dowry.

down /daʊn/ more down most down adj
dépressif
(informal) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.
HS hors-service
(not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.

down /daʊn/ farther down farthest down adv
en bas à bas
(comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.
sud
To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).
couché descendez descends
(sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.

down /daʊn/ downs n
duvet
Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets.
(botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle.

down /daʊn/ v
faire cul sec
(transitive) Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.). [from 19th c.]
faire cul sec laisser tomber
(transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. [from 16th c.]

down bow down bows n
tiré

down payment down payments n
acompte premier acompte versement initial
(legal, finance) A payment representing a fraction of the price of something being purchased, made to secure the right to continue making payments towards that purchase.
acompte arrhes
(by extension) Any initial commitment signifying an intention to carry out a larger future commitment, even though no legal rights or obligations are secured.

down quark down quarks n
quark bas quark down
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -\frac{1}{3} and a mass of about 4 to 8 MeV.Symbol: d

down the hatch
cul sec
(informal) Into the mouth and down the throat, especially with regard to the consumption of a beverage.

down the track
plus tard
(idiomatic) Further along, in terms of time or progress.

down with interjection
à bas
Expressing disapproval of or encouraging actions against a person, organization, practice, belief, etc., typically in a public protest.

down-to-earth /ˌdaʊn.ɾəˈɚθ/ adj
terre à terre
(idiomatic) Practical; realistic; pragmatic.

downbeat /daʊnˈbiːt/ more downbeat most downbeat adj
pessimiste triste
Sad or pessimistic.

downbeat /ˈdaʊnbiːt/ downbeats n
temps fort
(music) The accented beat at the beginning of a bar (indicated by a conductor with a downward stroke).

downburst downbursts n
rafale descendante
(meteorology) A powerful downward air current, especially one during a thunderstorm, often creating powerful divergent horizontal winds and strong wind shear upon impacting the surface.

downfall /daʊnˈfɔːl/ /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/ downfalls n
chute
A precipitous decline in fortune; death or rapid deterioration, as in status or wealth.

downgrade /ˈdaʊnˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˌdaʊnˈɡɹeɪd/ v
rétrograder
To place lower in position.

downhill /ˈdaʊnˌhɪl/ /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/ more downhill most downhill adv
en aval
Down a slope.

downhill /ˈdaʊnˌhɪl/ /ˌdaʊnˈhɪl/ downhills n
descente
(uncountable) The fastest of the disciplines of alpine skiing.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ downloads n
téléchargement
A file transfer to a given computer or device from a remote one through a network connection.

download /ˈdaʊnˌloʊd/ /ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ v
télécharger
(transitive, computing) To transfer data to a given computer from a remote one via a network.

downloadable /ˌdaʊnˈloʊd.ə.bl̩/ /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd.ə.bl̩/ adj
téléchargeable
Capable of being downloaded.

downloader downloaders n
téléchargeur téléchargeuse
Someone who downloads files from the Internet.

downplay v
minimiser
(transitive) To de-emphasize; to present or portray as less important or consequential.

downpour /ˈdaʊn.pɔː(ɹ)/ downpours n
averse trombe
A heavy rain.

downpour /ˈdaʊn.pɔː(ɹ)/ v
pleuvoir à verse
(intransitive) To pour down; rain heavily.

downright /ˈdaʊnˌɹaɪt/ adv
carrément vraiment
Really; actually; quite

downshift /ˈdaʊnʃɪft/ /ˈdaʊnˌʃɪft/ v
rétrograder
(automotive, cycling) To shift (a car or bicycle) into a lower gear.

downspout downspouts n
descente
A vertical pipe or conduit that carries rainwater from the scupper, guttering of a building to a lower roof level, drain, ground or storm water runoff system.

downstairs /daʊnˈstɛəz/ /daʊnˈstɛɹz/ adv
en bas au-dessous
Down the stairs.

downstairs /daʊnˈstɛəz/ /daʊnˈstɛɹz/ downstairs n
en bas
(slang, euphemism) The genitalia.

downstream farther farthest further downstream furthest downstream adj
aval descendant
Further along in the flow of current, in relation to a river, stream, bloodstream, or other flow of fluid.
en aval
(biology) Towards the 3′ end of a DNA molecule.

downstream adv
en aval dans le sens du courant (descente, vers la vallée)
Following the path of a river or stream

downtime /ˈdaʊntaɪm/ /ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm/ downtimes n
pause repos taux d'indisponibilité temps d'arrêt
The amount of time lost due to forces beyond one's control, such as the breakdown of machinery or a computer crash.

downtown adv
centre-ville
In or towards the central business district.

downtown downtowns n
centre-ville quartier d'affaires
(chiefly, US, Canada) The main business part of a city or town, usually located at or near its center.

downtrodden more downtrodden most downtrodden adj
brimé opprimé écrasé
(figuratively) Oppressed, persecuted or subjugated.
écrasé
Trodden down.

downturn downturns n
déclin ralentissement
A downward trend, or the beginnings of one; a decline.

downy /ˈdaʊni/ downier downiest adj
duveteux
Having down, covered with a soft fuzzy coating as of small feathers or hair.

dowry /ˈdaʊəɹi/ /ˈdaʊɹi/ dowries n
dot
Payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

dowser /ˈdaʊzə/ dowsers n
rhabdomancien sourcier baguettisant baguettisante radiesthésiste rhabdomancienne
One who uses the dowser or divining rod. A diviner.

dowsing dowsings n
rhabdomancie
The practice of seeking water or other substances (usually liquid) with the aid of a forked stick or similar pointing device, as believed by some practitioners to derive from supernatural power.

doxastic /dɒkˈsæstɪk/ more doxastic most doxastic adj
doxastique
Of, pertaining to, or depending on opinion; conjectural. Example 1794 T. Taylor tr. Plotinus Five Bks. Introd. 22 Different objects of knowledge were known by different gnostic powers..sensibles by sense, doxastics by opinion. 1801 T. Taylor tr. Aristotle Metaphysics Introd. 54 Subordinate to this is the doxastic energy. 1822 T. Taylor tr. Apuleius Metamorphosis i. 332 Things which may be seen by the eyes, and touched by the hand, and which Plato calls doxastic

doxology /dɑkˈsɑləd͡ʒi/ /dɒkˈsɒlədʒi/ doxologies n
doxologie
An expression of praise to God, especially a short hymn sung as part of a Christian worship service.

doyen /dwɑˈjæ̃/ /dɔɪˈɛn/ /ˈdɔɪ.ən/ doyens n
doyen
The senior, or eldest male member of a group.

doyenne doyennes n
doyenne
A female doyen.
The senior or eldest female member of a group, especially one who is most or highly respected.

doze /doʊz/ v
somnoler
(intransitive) To sleep lightly or briefly; to nap, snooze.

doze off v
assoupir
To fall asleep unintentionally.

dozen /ˈdʌzən/ dozen dozens n
douzaine
A set of twelve.
(bingo) The number twelve.
dizaine
(as plural only, always followed by of) A large, unspecified number of, comfortably estimated in small multiples of twelve, thus generally implied to be significantly more than ten or twelve, but less than perhaps one or two hundred; many.

dozer dozers n
assoupi assoupie
One who dozes.
bulldozer
(informal) A bulldozer.

dozy dozier doziest adj
somnolent
Quite sleepy or tired.

drab /dɹæb/ drabber drabbest adj
beigeasse beigeâtre drabe fade grisâtre morne
Of the colour of some types of drabcloth: dull brownish yellow or dun.
drabe fade morne relief terne
(by extension) Particularly of colour: dull, uninteresting.

drab /dɹæb/ drabs n
beige gris
The colour of this fabric.
apparence morne terne
(by extension) A dull or uninteresting appearance or situation, unremarkable.

drachma /ˈdɹæk.mə/ /ˈdɹɑk.mə/ drachmae drachmai drachmas n
drachme
The currency of Greece in ancient times and again from 1832 until 2001, with the symbol ₯, since replaced by the euro.
A coin worth one drachma.

draconian /dɹeɪˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹækˈəʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkoʊ.ni.ən/ /dɹəˈkəʊ.ni.ən/ more draconian most draconian adj
draconien
Very severe, cruel, or harsh.

draculin /ˈdɹæk.jəl.ɪn/ n
draculine
(organic chemistry, zoology) A glycoprotein with anticoagulant properties, found in the saliva of vampire bats.

draff /dɹæf/ /dɹɑːf/ draffs n
drêche
A byproduct from a grain distillery, often fed to pigs or cattle as part of their ration; often synonymous with brewer's spent grain, sometimes differentiated from it; usually differentiated from potale, at least in technical use, although broad, nontechnical use has often lumped all such byproducts together, especially in the past.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ adj
au fût
(not comparable) Referring to drinks on tap, in contrast to bottled.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ drafts n
courant d'air
(US spelling) A current of air, usually coming into a room or vehicle.
gorgée
(US spelling) The quantity of liquid (such as water, alcohol, or medicine) drunk in one swallow.
bière à la pression pression
(US spelling) Liquid, especially beer or other alcohol, drawn from a cask or keg rather than a bottle or can.
tirant tirant d'eau
(US spelling, nautical) The depth of water needed to float a particular ship; the depth from the waterline to the bottom of a vessel's hull; the depth of water drawn by a vessel.
brouillon ébauche
(universal) An early version of a written work (such as a book or e-mail) or drawing.
traite
(universal) A cheque, an order for money to be paid.
conscription
(American English, usually with the) Conscription, the system of forcing people to serve in the military.
repêchage
(sports, American English) A system of assigning rookie players to professional sports teams.

draft /dɹæft/ /dɹɑːft/ v
ébaucher
(transitive) To write a first version, make a preliminary sketch.
conscrire embrigader enrôler
(transitive, US) To conscript a person, force a person to serve in some capacity, especially in the military.

draft horse draft horses n
cheval de trait
(American spelling) A horse used for muscular work, other than carrying a rider and/or load, such as pulling a cart, plow or log.
cheval de trait jument de trait étalon de trait
A horse of a race specifically bred for such work, heavier and stronger than a mount.

draftee draftees n
appelé
One who is drafted (into a military service, etc).

drag /dɹæɡ/ [d͡ɹ̝˗ʷæˑɡ] drags n
taffe
(countable, informal) A puff on a cigarette or joint.
emmerdeur emmerdeuse
(countable, slang) Someone or something that is annoying or frustrating, or disappointing; an obstacle to progress or enjoyment.
sabot trainée
(nautical) The difference between the speed of a screw steamer under sail and that of the screw when the ship outruns the screw; or between the propulsive effects of the different floats of a paddle wheel.

drag /dɹæɡ/ [d͡ɹ̝˗ʷæˑɡ] v
traîner
(transitive) To pull along a surface or through a medium, sometimes with difficulty.

drag and drop n
glisser-déposer
(usually, attributive, computing, GUI) A feature of a graphical user interface whereby the user can move or copy an object by dragging its visual representation across the screen and releasing it in another location.

drag king drag kings n
drag king
(colloquial, LGBT) A person, usually female, who dresses up in men's clothing, typically in an exaggerated fashion and for public performance.

drag one's feet v
traîner les pieds
(idiomatic) To procrastinate, put off; to dawdle, avoid, or make progress slowly and reluctantly.

drag out v
faire traîner faire traîner en longueur
(ambitransitive) To extend or lengthen excessively.

drag queen drag queens n
drag queen travelo
(LGBT, originally, slang) A person, usually male, who dresses up in women’s clothing and makeup, typically in an exaggerated fashion and for public performance.

drag through the mud v
traîner dans la boue

dragline /ˈdɹæɡlaɪn/ draglines n
dragline
Short for dragline excavator.

dragline excavator /-ɾɚ/ /ˈdɹæɡlaɪn ˈɛkskəˌveɪtə/ /ˈdɹæɡlaɪn ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɚ/ dragline excavators n
dragline
Any of several very large vehicles used for lifting, especially in the process of mining: basically an excavator which drags its bucket to fill it.

dragnet dragnets n
chalut
(fishing) A net dragged across the bottom of a body of water.

dragoman dragomans dragomen n
drogman dragoman drogoman
(historical) An interpreter, especially for the Arabic and Turkish languages.

dragon /ˈdɹæɡən/ /ˈdɹæɡɪn/ [ˈdɹeɪɡən] dragons n
vouivre
dragon
In European mythologies, a gigantic beast, typically reptilian with leathery bat-like wings, lion-like claws, scaly skin and a serpent-like body, often a monster with fiery breath.
(pejorative) A fierce and unpleasant woman; a harridan.

dragon boat dragon boats n
bateau-dragon
A type of boat raced in Chinese festivals featuring a dragon motif and twenty paddling, one drumming, and one steering known as the sweep.

dragon fruit /ˈdɹæɡ.ən ˌfɹuːt/ dragon fruits n
fruit du dragon pitahaya pitaya
The fruit of certain cacti of the genus Hylocereus, cultivated in Southeast Asia and Central and South America, having cerise-pink- or yellow-coloured skin and a white or pink sweet fleshy interior with black seeds.

dragon's blood n
sang-dragon
A bright red resin, obtained from different species of a number of distinct plants Calamus rotang and genera Croton, Dracaena, Daemonorops, and Pterocarpus, used in the manufacture of varnishes, lacquers, medicines, and incenses.

dragoness /ˈdɹæɡənɛs/ dragonesses n
dracène dragonne
(rare, archaic, mostly, figurative) A female dragon.

dragonet /ˈdɹæɡənɛt/ dragonets n
dragonnet dragonnette
A small dragon.

dragonfly /ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/ dragonflies n
libellule
An insect of the suborder Epiprocta or, more strictly, the infraorder Anisoptera, having four long transparent wings held perpendicular to a long body when perched.

dragonslayer dragonslayers n
sauroctone
One who slays a dragon.

dragonwort dragonworts n
coulevrée gouet serpentaine serpentaire serpentine
A perennial herb of Greece and the Balkans, Dracunculus vulgaris.

dragoon /dɹæ-/ /dɹəˈɡun/ /dɹəˈɡuːn/ dragoons n
dragon
(by extension) Originally (historical) , a soldier armed with a dragoon musket (sense 1.1) who fought both on foot and mounted on a horse; now, a cavalier or horse soldier from a regiment formerly armed with such muskets.
dragon Dragon pigeon Dragon pigeon bec anglais pigeon dragon
A variety of pigeon, originally a cross between a horseman and a tumbler.

dragoon /dɹæ-/ /dɹəˈɡun/ /dɹəˈɡuːn/ v
dragonner
Chiefly followed by into: to force (someone) into doing something through harassment and intimidation; to coerce.

dragée /dɹæˈʒeɪ/ dragées n
dragée
A sweet or confection, originally used to administer drugs, medicine, etc.

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ [d͡ʒɹeɪn] drains n
bonde drain
(chiefly, US, Canada) A conduit allowing liquid to flow out of an otherwise contained volume; a plughole (UK)
gouffre hémorragie
Something consuming resources and providing nothing in return.
drain
(electronics) One terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).

drain /dɹeɪn/ /dɹiːn/ [d͡ʒɹeɪn] v
drainer
(intransitive) To lose liquid.
(transitive) To draw off by degrees; to cause to flow gradually out or off; hence, to exhaust.
déshydrater essorer
(transitive, ergative) To convert a perennially wet place into a dry one.

drain pump drain pumps n
pompe de vidange
A pump specifically built for draining something such as a washing machine or an A/C unit.

drainage /ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/ drainages n
drainage
A natural or artificial means for the removal of fluids from a given area by its draining away.

drainage basin drainage basins n
bassin versant
(hydrology) A topographic region in which all water drains to a common outlet; a watershed.

drainer drainers n
égouttoir
A frame or rack for allowing washed crockery etc to dry naturally.

draining board draining boards n
égouttoir
A board beside a kitchen sink, designed to drain into the sink, used for letting kitchen utensils dry after they had been washed.

drainpipe drainpipes n
descente
A verticle pipe carrying water from the roof gutter down the side of a building; downspout.

draisine draisines n
draisine
(rail transport) A light auxiliary rail vehicle (train) or tram.

drake /dɹeɪk/ drakes n
canard mâle malard
A male duck.

drama /ˈdɹeɪmə/ /ˈdɹæmə/ /ˈdɹɑmə/ /ˈdɹɑːmə/ dramas dramata n
drame
(countable) A composition, normally in prose, telling a story and intended to be represented by actors impersonating the characters and speaking the dialogue
(uncountable) Theatrical plays in general.
(uncountable, countable) A situation in real life that has the characteristics of such a theatrical play.

dramatic /dɹəˈmætɪk/ more dramatic most dramatic adj
dramatique
Of or relating to the drama.
dramatique spectaculaire
Striking in appearance or effect.

dramatization dramatizations n
dramatisation
The act of dramatizing.

dramatize v
dramatiser
to present something in a dramatic or melodramatic manner

dramaturge dramaturges n
dramaturge
(rare, theater) Someone who writes or adapts theater plays, a playwright, dramatist, especially one connected with a specific theater or company.

dramaturgic /ˈdɹæm.ə.tɚ.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹæm.əˈtəː.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹɑ.məˈtɚ.dʒɪk/ /ˌdɹɑː.məˈtəː.dʒɪk/ more dramaturgic most dramaturgic adj
dramaturgique
Of or relating to the art of dramatic composition for the stage.

dramaturgy /ˈdɹæməˌtɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒi/ dramaturgies n
dramaturgie
(theater) The art of dramatic composition for the stage.

dramedy dramedies n
comédie dramatique
(uncountable) A genre of film or television that lies somewhere between drama and comedy.
(countable) A film or television programme belonging to this genre.

drape /dɹeɪp/ v
draper
(transitive) To cover or adorn with drapery or folds of cloth, or as with drapery.

drapery /ˈdɹeɪpəɹi/ draperies n
rideau
(countable) A piece of cloth, hung vertically as a curtain; a drape.

drapes /dɹeɪps/ n
rideau
Heavy cloth hung over a window.

drastic /ˈdɹæs.tɪk/ /ˈdɹɑːs.tɪk/ more drastic most drastic adj
drastique draconien énergique
Having a strong or far-reaching effect; extreme, severe.

drastically more drastically most drastically adv
extrêmement
To a drastic degree.

drat /dɹæt/ interjection
mince
Expressing anger, annoyance or frustration.

drat /dɹæt/ v
jurer
(transitive) To damn or curse.

draught animal draught animals n
animal de trait bête de somme bête de trait
A strong working animal used to draw a load like a cart, a plough etc., as opposed to a mount.

draughtproof more draughtproof most draughtproof adj
calfeutré
That prevents the entry of draughts.

draughtproof v
calfeutrer
To seal an opening, so as to prevent the entry of draughts.

draughtproofing n
calfeutrage calfeutrement
The act of making something draughtproof.

draughts /dɹæfts/ /dɹɑːfts/ n
dames jeu de dames
(board games, British, Australian, uncountable) A board game for two players in which the players each have a set number of pieces (typically 12 or 20, depending on the rule set), known as men, and the object is to capture each of the opponent's pieces by jumping one's own pieces over the opponent's pieces.

draughtsman /ˈdɹɑːftsmən/ draughtsmen n
dessinateur
A person skilled at drawing engineering or architectural plans.

draw /dɹɑ/ /dɹɔ/ /dɹɔː/ [d͡ʒɹɔ] [d͡ʒɹɔɹ] draws n
tirage
The procedure by which the result of a lottery is determined.
match nul remise égalité
Draft: flow through a flue of gasses (smoke) resulting from a combustion process, possibly adjustable with a damper.
(poker) A situation in which one or more players has four cards of the same suit or four out of five necessary cards for a straight and requires a further card to make their flush or straight.

draw /dɹɑ/ /dɹɔ/ /dɹɔː/ [d͡ʒɹɔ] [d͡ʒɹɔɹ] v
dégainer tirer
(intransitive, now, rare) To pull something along; to have force to move anything by pulling. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To pull (a plough, vehicle etc.); to cause (something) to move forwards by pulling it. [from 11th c.]
tirer
(intransitive) To have a draught; to allow air to be passed through in order to allow for combustion. [from 18th c.]
(intransitive, transitive) To steep; to leave (tea) temporarily in water to allow the flavour to increase. [from 18th c.]
To elicit information from (someone); to induce (a person) to speak on some subject. (Now frequently in passive.) [from 19th c.]
tirer extraire puiser attirer
To cause (someone) to come to a particular place, condition, or course of action; to attract (a person). [from 12th c.]
dessiner tirer
To conduct (a lottery); to select (the numbers) for a lottery; to win (a prize) in a lottery. [from 16th c.]
dégainer
To pull out, unsheathe (a sword, firearm etc.). [from 12th c.]
piocher
(cards) To take or be dealt (a card) from the deck; to have (a particular hand) as a result of this. [from 16th c.]
égaliser
(transitive, or, intransitive) To end a game in a draw (with neither side winning). [from 17th c.]
tirer inférer
To deduce or infer (a conclusion); to make (a deduction). [from 16th c.]

draw a blank v
trou de mémoire
(idiom) To be unable to recall a required piece of information.

draw and quarter v
écarteler
(transitive, historical) To execute (someone) by castration, disembowelling, beheading and quartering.

draw attention v
attirer l'attention
to rouse someone to notice something, to cause someone to focus on something.

draw down v
baisser
To initiate a drawdown (withdrawal of equipment, supplies, etc., potentially to provide it to another party).
lever
(transitive) To acquire or pull in, as funding.

draw lots v
tirer au sort

draw near /dɹɔ nɪɚ/ /dɹɔː nɪə(ɹ)/ v
approcher
(transitive) To approach, to move toward.
(intransitive) To approach, to come closer.

draw on v
exploiter
(also draw upon) To appeal to, make a demand of, rely on; to utilize or make use of, as a source.

draw one's last breath v
rendre le dernier soupir rendre son dernier souffle
(idiomatic) To die.

draw out v
faire durer prolonger
To make something last for more time than is necessary; prolong; extend.
extraire prendre
To physically extract, as blood from a vein.

draw straws v
tirer à la courte paille
To decide at random by drawing (selecting randomly between) straws, sticks, etc., one of which differs from the others (typically by being shorter), held in a person's hand so as to conceal which is the different one. Typically, whoever draws the short straw must complete some undesirable task. Alternatively, whoever draws the longest straw gets a desired position.

draw the short straw v
tirer la courte paille
To select the shortest straw or other object while drawing straws.
(idiomatic) To be selected to do an undesirable task (by drawing the shortest straw or otherwise).

draw up v
rédiger
(transitive) To compose (a document), especially following a standard form; prepare a plan.
former
(transitive) To arrange in order or formation.
arrêter s’arrêter
(transitive) To cause to come to a halt.

drawback /ˈdɹɔːˌbæk/ drawbacks n
inconvénient désavantage
A disadvantage; something that detracts or takes away.
drawback
A partial refund of an import fee, as when goods are re-exported from the country that collected the fee.

drawbridge /ˈdɹɔːbɹɪd͡ʒ/ drawbridges n
pont-levis
A hinged bridge which can be raised (to prevent its being crossed, as across a moat, or to allow watercraft to travel beneath it).

drawer /dɹɔɹ/ /dɹɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹɑ.ɚ/ /ˈdɹɔ.ɚ/ /ˈdɹɔɹɚ/ /ˈdɹɔː.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹɔːɹə(ɹ)/ drawers n
tiroir
An open-topped box that can be slid in and out of the cabinet that contains it, used for storing clothing or other articles.
dessinateur
Agent noun of draw; one who draws.
dessinateur dessinatrice
An artist who primarily makes drawings.

drawers /dɹɔɹz/ /dɹɔːz/ n
caleçon culotte
(dated, or, regional, informal) Underpants, especially long underpants.

drawing /ˈdɹɑ.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔː.ɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɔːɹɪŋ/ drawings n
dessin
A picture, likeness, diagram or representation, usually drawn on paper.
Such acts practiced as a graphic art form.
pige
An act or event in which the outcome (e.g., designating a winner) is selected by chance in the form of a blind draw, notably of lots; especially such a contest in which a winning name or number is selected randomly by removing (or drawing) it from a container, popularly a hat.

drawing knife drawing knives n
plane
A knife with a handle at each end, used for shaving hoops for barrels by drawing it towards oneself.

dread /dɹɛd/ dreads n
crainte
Great fear in view of impending evil; fearful apprehension of danger; anticipatory terror.

dread /dɹɛd/ v
craindre redouter
(transitive) To fear greatly.
To anticipate with fear.
(intransitive) To be in dread, or great fear.

dreaded /ˈdɹɛ.dəd/ /ˈdɹɛ.dɪd/ more dreaded most dreaded adj
redoutable
Causing fear, dread, or terror.

dreadful /ˈdɹɛd.fʊl/ more dreadful most dreadful adv
affreux terrible redoutable
(informal) Dreadfully.

dreadfully /ˈdɹɛd.fʊl.i/ more dreadfully most dreadfully adv
terriblement
In a dreadful manner.

dreadlock /ˈdɹɛdlɒk/ /ˈdɹɛdˌlɑk/ dreadlocks n
cadenette dread
A single strand of dreadlocks.

dreadlocks /ˈdɹɛdlɒks/ /ˈdɹɛdˌlɑks/ n
dreadlocks cadenettes
A hairstyle worn by Rastafarians and others in which the hair is left to grow long, and twisted into matted strings.

dreadnought /ˈdɹɛd.nɔt/ dreadnoughts n
dreadnought
(informal) Any type of warship heavier in armour or armament than a typical battleship.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] dreams n
rêve songe
Imaginary events seen in the mind while sleeping.
rêve songe souhait voeu vœu
(figurative) A hope or wish.
rêve
A visionary scheme; a wild conceit; an idle fancy.

dream /dɹiːm/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] [d͡ʒɹiːm] v
rêver
(intransitive) To see imaginary events in one's mind while sleeping.
(transitive) To envision as an imaginary experience (usually when asleep).
rêver souhaiter
(intransitive) To hope, to wish.

dream come true dreams come true n
rêve devenu réalité rêve qui se réalise
Something which has long been desired or hoped for and which has finally happened.

dream team /dɹim/ /dɹiːm tiːm/ /dʒɹim/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷɪi̯m] dream teams n
équipe de choc
A team of players or members ideal for a given task; a team of the best players of a particular sport or members of a particular field.

dream up v
imaginer inventer
To have an imaginative, unusual or foolish idea, to invent something unreal.

dreamboat /ˈdɹimˌboʊt/ /ˈdɹiːmbəʊt/ dreamboats n
apollon beau gosse canon femme de (mes/tes/...) [[rêve|rêve(s)]] homme de (mes/tes/...) [[rêve|rêve(s)]] prince charmant
(informal, dated, or, humorous) An exceptionally good-looking and sexually attractive person, particularly a man.

dreamcatcher dreamcatchers n
attrape-rêves capteur de rêves attrapeur de rêves
A decorative Native American object in the form of a hoop and net with attachments such as feathers, traditionally believed by the Ojibwa to “filter out” bad dreams.

dreamer /ˈdɹimɚ/ /ˈdɹiːmə/ [d͡ʒɹimɚ] dreamers n
rêveur rêveuse
One who dreams.
Someone whose beliefs are far from realistic.

dreamland dreamlands n
pays de rêve pays imaginaire
An imaginary world experienced while dreaming.
monde imaginaire paradis
An imagined world that is ideal yet unrealistic; a fantasy.

dreamlike more dreamlike most dreamlike adj
onirique rêveur
Like something from a dream; having a sense of vagueness, insubstantiality, or incongruousness.

dreamt /ˈdɹɛm(p)t/ adj
rêvé
Imagined or only extant in a dream or dreams.

dreary /ˈdɹɪəɹi/ /ˈdɹɪɹi/ drearier dreariest more dreary most dreary adj
insipide maussade terne
Drab; dark, colorless, or cheerless.

dredge /dɹɛd͡ʒ/ v
draguer
To make a channel deeper or wider using a dredge.

dredger /ˈdɹɛdʒ.ə(ɹ)/ dredgers n
dragueur bateau de dragage
(nautical) A vessel equipped for the removal of sand or sediment from the seabed.
A container with a perforated lid, used to sprinkle sugar or flour.

dredging dredgings n
dragage
That which is dredged up.

dreg /dɹɛɡ/ dregs n
lie
Sediment in a liquid.
(by extension) The lowest and most worthless part of something; scum.

dregs /dɹɛɡz/ n
lie
(collectively) The sediment settled at the bottom of a liquid; the lees in a container of unfiltered wine.
(figuratively, the dregs) The worst and lowest part of something.

dreidel /ˈdɹeɪdl̩/ dreidels n
dreydel sevivon
A four-sided spinning top, inscribed with the four Hebrew letters נ, ג, ה, and ש (or פ) on each side, often used to play a traditional game during the Jewish festival of Hanukkah.

drench /dɹɛn(t)ʃ/ v
tremper abreuver saturer
To make (someone or something) completely wet by having water or some other liquid fall or thrown on them or it; to saturate, to soak; also (archaic) , to make (someone or something) completely wet by immersing in water or some other liquid; to soak, to steep.

drenched /dɹɛnt͡ʃt/ more drenched most drenched adj
trempé
Completely wet; sodden

dress /dɹɛs/ dresses n
robe
An item of clothing (usually worn by a woman or young girl) which both covers the upper part of the body and includes a skirt below the waist.
tenue
Apparel or clothing, especially when appropriate for a particular occasion, profession, etc.

dress /dɹɛs/ v
habiller s'habiller
(also, reflexive, and, figuratively) To put clothes (or, formerly, armour) on (oneself or someone, a doll, a mannequin, etc.); to clothe. [from 15th c.]
panser
To apply a dressing to or otherwise treat (a wound); (obsolete) to give (a wounded person) medical aid. [from 15th c.]
s'habiller
(agriculture, horticulture) To cultivate or tend to (a garden, land, plants, etc.); especially, to add fertilizer or manure to (soil); to fertilize, to manure.
(sports) Of a sportsperson: to put on the uniform and have the equipment needed to play a sport.
To put on clothes.

dress code dress codes n
code vestimentaire dress code
A formal specification of acceptable attire for a specific event or location.

dress rehearsal dress rehearsals n
répétition générale
A rehearsal prior to a public spectacle, where all the performers are in costume, in order to test all aspects of the production by closely reproducing the actual conditions of a performance.

dress shirt dress shirts n
chemise
A collared shirt with buttons worn as part of a formal, business or business casual outfit.

dress up v
costumer

dressage /ˈdɹɛs.ɑːʒ/ dressages n
dressage
(uncountable) The schooling of a horse.
(uncountable) An equestrian sport in which the horse and rider perform a test of specific movements in an arena, and are judged on the horse's obedience, acceptance of the bridle and of the rider's aids, gaits, impulsion, and the harmony between horse and rider.

dressed /ˈdɹɛst/ v
habillé vêtu
having clothes on

dressed to kill adj
sur son trente-et-un tiré à quatre épingles
(idiomatic) Dressed in a very fashionable style.

dressed to the nines adj
sur son trente et un tiré à quatre épingles
(idiomatic) Very fancily or formally dressed; wearing very showy or splendid clothing.

dresser /ˈdɹɛsə/ dressers n
buffet
An item of kitchen furniture, like a cabinet with shelves, for storing crockery or utensils.
commode
An item of bedroom furniture, like a low chest of drawers (bureau), often with a mirror.
habilleur
(theater, film, television) A wardrobe assistant (who helps actors put on their costume).

dressing /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ/ dressings n
sauce
(cooking) A sauce, especially a cold one for salads.

dressing gown /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɡaʊn/ dressing gowns n
robe de chambre peignoir
(UK, Ireland) An item of clothing often made from cotton or another absorbent material, in the form of a long open robe with a belt to tie it around the middle and fasten it securely; often worn over pyjamas.

dressing room /ˈd(ʒ)ɹɛsɪŋ ɹum/ /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɹuːm/ /ˈdɹɛsɪŋ ɹʊm/ dressing rooms n
vestiaire
dressing dressing-room
A small room adjoining a domestic bedroom where people may dress or undress in privacy.
loge
A room in a theatre or other performance venue in which performers may change costumes and apply makeup.

dressing table dressing tables n
coiffeuse commode poudreuse
A low table or chest of drawers with a mirror at which one sits while dressing, applying makeup or similar tasks.

dressmaker /ˈdɹɛsˌmeɪkɚ/ dressmakers n
couturière
A person who makes tailor-made women's clothes.

dressmaking dressmakings n
couture
The craft of making custom clothing for women, such as dresses, blouses, and evening gowns.

drever drevers n
basset suédois drever
A short-legged scenthound of a Swedish breed.

dribble /dɹɪ.bl̩/ /ˈdɹɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈdɹɪ.bəl/ /ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ dribbles n
bave
(countable) A weak, unsteady stream; a trickle.
goutte
(countable) A small amount of a liquid.
dribble
(countable, sports) The act of moving (with) a ball by kicking or bouncing it.

dribble /dɹɪ.bl̩/ /ˈdɹɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈdɹɪ.bəl/ /ˈdɹɪ.bɫ̩/ v
dribbler
(basketball, soccer) In various ball games, to move (with) the ball, controlling its path by kicking or bouncing it repeatedly.
baver
To let saliva drip from the mouth; to drool.
goutter
To fall in drops or an unsteady stream; to trickle.

dribbler dribblers n
baveur baveuse
A person who dribbles (salivates excessively).
dribbleur dribbleuse
(sports) A person who performs dribbling.

dried /dɹaɪd/ [d͡ʒɹaɪd] adj
séché
Without water or moisture, said of something that has previously been wet or moist; resulting from the process of drying.

dried fruit dried fruits n
fruit sec
Small fruit that has been preserved by drying.

drift /dɹɪft/ drifts n
dérive
The act or motion of drifting; the force which impels or drives; an overpowering influence or impulse.
The tendency of an act, argument, course of conduct, or the like; object aimed at or intended; intention; hence, also, import or meaning of a sentence or discourse; aim.

drift /dɹɪft/ v
dériver
(intransitive) To move slowly, especially pushed by currents of water, air, etc.
errer
(intransitive) To move haphazardly without any destination.
dévier
(intransitive) To deviate gently from the intended direction of travel.

drift meter drift meters n
dérivomètre
An optical device, with a telescope and reticle, used to improve dead reckoning in aircraft navigation.

drifter /ˈdɹɪftə/ /ˈdɹɪftɚ/ drifters n
vagabond
(sometimes, pejorative) A person who moves from place to place or job to job.

driftwood /ˈdɹɪftwʊd/ driftwoods n
bois flotté
A floating piece, or pieces, of wood that drifts with the current of a body of water.
Such a piece of wood that has been cast ashore.

drill /dɹɪl/ [dɹɪɫ] drills n
sillon
An agricultural implement for making holes for sowing seed, and sometimes so formed as to contain seeds and drop them into the hole made.
A light furrow or channel made to put seed into, when sowing.
drill
An Old World monkey of West Africa, Mandrillus leucophaeus, similar in appearance to the mandrill, but lacking the colorful face.
coutil
A strong, durable cotton fabric with a strong bias (diagonal) in the weave.
perceuse foreuse chignole
The portion of a drilling tool that drives the bit.
exercice entraînement
An activity done as an exercise or practice (especially a military exercise), particularly in preparation for some possible future event or occurrence.

drill /dɹɪl/ [dɹɪɫ] v
forer percer
(transitive) To create (a hole) by removing material with a drill (tool).
approfondir entraîner
(ergative) To cause to drill (practice); to train in military arts.
rabâcher
(transitive) To repeat an idea frequently in order to encourage someone to remember it.
baiser niquer
(slang, vulgar) To have sexual intercourse with; to penetrate.

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] drinks n
boisson
A type of beverage (usually mixed).
Alcoholic beverages in general.
boisson verre
A (served) alcoholic beverage.
boire
The action of drinking, especially with the verbs take or have.

drink /dɹɪŋk/ [d̠ɹ̠˔ʷɪŋk] v
boire
(ambitransitive) To consume (a liquid) through the mouth.
(intransitive) To consume alcoholic beverages.

drink like a fish v
boire comme un trou
(simile) To drink (especially alcohol) heavily and in excess.

drink-driver drink-drivers n
conducteur ivre conductrice ivre
(chiefly, British, and, Australian, legal) A person who operates a motor vehicle when legally intoxicated.

drinkability n
buvabilité

drinkable more drinkable most drinkable adj
potable buvable
(of water) Safe to drink.
buvable
(of an alcoholic beverage, especially wine) Of good or satisfactory quality.

drinker /ˈdɹɪŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹɪŋkɚ/ drinkers n
buveur buveuse
Agent noun of drink; someone or something that drinks.
Someone who drinks alcoholic beverages on a regular basis.

drinking /ˈdɹɪŋkɪŋ/ drinkings n
boire
An act or session by which drink is consumed, especially alcoholic beverages.

drinking fountain drinking fountains n
fontaine à boire
(Upper Midwestern US, Western US) A device in a public place that provides water to drink.

drinking game drinking games n
jeu à boire jeu bibitif
(games) A game (often a logic or memory game) which involves the drinking of alcohol, usually as a penalty for making mistakes, as the intoxication makes the game harder to play.

drinking horn drinking horns n
corne à boire
(chiefly, _, historical) A drinking vessel fashioned from an animal's horn.

drinking song drinking songs n
chanson à boire
A song which celebrates or accompanies the drinking of alcohol.

drinking straw drinking straws n
paille
A long tube (usually made out of plastic or paper) through which a beverage is drunk via suction.

drinking water drinking waters n
eau potable
Water that is suitable or intended for ingestion by humans.

drip /dɹɪp/ drips n
goutte
A drop of a liquid.
goutte-à-goutte
(medicine) An apparatus that slowly releases a liquid, especially one that intravenously releases drugs into a patient's bloodstream.

drip /dɹɪp/ v
goutter goutteler tomber goutte à goutte
(intransitive) To fall one drop at a time.
suinter
(intransitive) To leak slowly.

dripping /ˈdɹɪpɪŋ/ drippings n
dégoulinade ruissellement
Solid animal fat, traditionally collected from dripping off roasting meat.

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] drives n
avancée offensive
(military) A sustained advance in the face of the enemy to take a strategic objective.
dynamisme volonté élan
A mechanism used to power or give motion to a vehicle or other machine or machine part.
virée (en voiture/auto) voyage (en voiture/auto)
A trip made in a vehicle (now generally in a motor vehicle).
pulsion
(psychology) Desire or interest.
lecteur
(computer hardware) A mass storage device in which the mechanism for reading and writing data is integrated with the mechanism for storing data.

drive /dɹaɪv/ [d̠ɹ̠ ̝ʷaɪv] [d͡ʒɹaɪv] v
conduire entraîner guider emmener rendre battre
To cause intrinsic motivation through the application or demonstration of force: to impel or urge onward thusly, to compel to move on, to coerce, intimidate or threaten.
conduire guider
(transitive) (especially of animals) To impel or urge onward by force; to push forward; to compel to move on.
enfoncer
(transitive) To move (something) by hitting it with great force.
conduire
(transitive, ergative) To operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle).
(transitive) To convey (a person, etc.) in a wheeled motorized vehicle.
pousser
(transitive) To motivate; to provide an incentive for.
conduire aller rouler
(intransitive) To travel by operating a wheeled motorized vehicle.

drive a hard bargain v
être dur en affaires

drive away v
repousser
(idiomatic) To force someone or something to leave

drive off v
chasser déloger
(idiomatic) To force to leave or go away.

drive out v
éconduire
(idiomatic) to push or to pull, i.e. to force, (someone or something) out of somewhere

drive-in drive-ins n
ciné-parc drive-in
(US, Canada, Australia) An outdoor cinema where movies are projected onto a large screen and patrons watch from inside their vehicles, listening either by a speaker or a designated radio frequency.

drive-through drive-throughs n
drive drive-in
An establishment, especially a restaurant, providing drive-through service.

drivel /dɹɪv.əl/ drivels n
foutaise
Nonsense; senseless talk.
bave
(archaic) Saliva, drool.

drivel /dɹɪv.əl/ v
baragouiner radoter
To talk nonsense; to talk senselessly; to drool.
baver
(archaic, intransitive) To have saliva drip from the mouth.

driver /ˈdɹaɪ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹaɪvɚ/ drivers n
conducteur conductrice traqueur traqueuse
One who drives something, in any sense of the verb drive.
chauffeur conducteur conductrice chauffeuse
A person who drives a motorized vehicle such as a car or a bus.
conducteur conductrice
A person who drives some other vehicle.
pilote
(computing) A device driver; a program that acts as an interface between an application and hardware, written specifically for the device it controls.

driver's license driver's licenses n
permis de conduire
(American spelling) A document issued to a specific person by a government authority, permitting this person to drive one or more classes of motor vehicle on public roads and highways, often used as an identification document.

driver's seat driver's seats n
siège conducteur
(chiefly, US) The seat in a vehicle where the driver sits.

driveshaft driveshafts n
arbre
A shaft used to transmit rotary motion.

driveway driveways n
allée
(UK, US) A short private road that leads to a house or garage.

driving /ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/ more driving most driving adj
moteur
That drives (a mechanism or process).

driving /ˈdɹaɪvɪŋ/ drivings n
conduite
The action of the verb to drive in any sense.
In particular, the action of operating a motor vehicle.

driving force driving forces n
force motrice moteur
The force that causes something to move or a physical process to occur.

driving school driving schools n
auto-école école de conduite moto-école
An institution where people learn to drive a land vehicle such as a car or motorcycle.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ drizzles n
bruine crachin grainasse
Light rain.
flotte
(slang) Water.

drizzle /ˈdɹɪz.l/ v
bruiner pleuvioter grainasser
(impersonal) To rain lightly.
mouiller
(cooking, transitive) To pour slowly and evenly, especially oil or honey in cooking.

drogue /dɹəʊɡ/ drogues n
panier-entonnoir
(aeronautics) A conical basket or device used variously as a target for gunnery practice, and as a docking point for aerial refuelling.

droit de seigneur n
droit de cuissage

droll /dɹoʊl/ /dɹəʊl/ [dɹoːɫ] droller drollest adj
fantaisiste
Oddly humorous; whimsical, amusing in a quaint way; waggish.

dromedary /-dɹi/ /-mə-/ /ˈdrʌ-/ /ˈdɹɑməˌdɛɹi/ /ˈdɹɒmɪdəɹi/ dromedaries n
dromadaire
The single-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

drone /dɹoʊn/ /dɹəʊn/ drones n
faux bourdon
A male ant, bee or wasp, which does not work but can fertilize the queen.
bourdonnement dupe idiot utile
A low-pitched hum or buzz.
dupe idiot utile
(musical instrument) One of the fixed-pitch pipes on a bagpipe.
(music genre, uncountable) A genre of music that uses repeated lengthy droning sounds.
A humming or deep murmuring sound.
drone
(metonymically): An aircraft operated by remote control, especially an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV).

drone on v
pérorer

dronist dronists n
droniste

drool /dɹuːl/ n
bave
Saliva trickling from the mouth.

drool /dɹuːl/ v
baver saliver
(ambitransitive) To secrete saliva, especially in anticipation of food.

droop /ˈdɹuːp/ droops n
bec
(aviation) A hinged portion of the leading edge of an aeroplane's wing, which swivels downward to increase lift during takeoff and landing.

droop /ˈdɹuːp/ v
s'affaisser tomber
(intransitive) To hang downward; to sag.

droopy /ˈdɹuːpi/ droopier droopiest adj
abattu fané tombant
Tending to droop; sagging; wilting.

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] drops n
goutte larme
(also, figuratively) A small quantity of liquid, just large enough to hold its own round shape through surface tension, especially one that falls from a source of liquid.
chute
An act of moving downwards under the force of gravity; a descent, a fall.
vide
The distance through which something drops, or falls below a certain level.

drop /dɹɑp/ /dɹɒp/ [d͡ʒɹɑp] v
tomber
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To fall (straight down) under the influence of gravity, like a drop of liquid. [from 14th c.]
laisser tomber
(transitive, ergative, also, figuratively) To let (something) fall; to allow (something) to fall (either by releasing hold of, or losing one's grip on). [from 14th c.]

drop anchor v
jeter l'ancre
(nautical) To release the anchor of a ship or boat, allowing it to fall to the bed of a body of water and thereby securing the vessel in place.

drop by v
passer
(colloquial) To visit informally and spontaneously.

drop cap drop caps n
lettrine
(typography) A large initial letter that drops below the first line of a paragraph, usually used at the beginning of a section or chapter of a book.

drop dead interjection
va crever va mourir
Used angrily to express disgust, contempt, derision, etc., toward another person.

drop dead v
tomber raide mort
(intransitive) To die suddenly.

drop goal drop goals n
drop
(rugby union, rugby league) A goal scored by kicking the ball through the goal from open play, after the ball has touched the ground.

drop in the bucket drops in the bucket n
goutte d'eau dans l'océan
(idiomatic) Something of little importance, especially an inconsequential effort or action as compared to a huge problem.

drop kick drop kicks n
drop
(rugby, Australian rules football, American football, Canadian football) A kick made by dropping the ball on the ground and kicking it as it bounces up.

drop like a bad habit v
jeter comme une vieille chaussette laisser tomber comme une vieille chaussette

drop like flies v
tomber comme des mouches
(simile, of members of a group, especially soldiers) To die en masse, one after the other.

drop off v
déposer
tomber abaisser réduire s’endormir
(idiomatic, transitive, especially, _, US) To deliver; to deposit or leave; to allow passengers to alight.

drop shot drop shots n
amorti
(sports) In sports such as badminton, squash, tennis and volleyball, a lightly-struck shot that just lands into play.

drop-ball drop-balls n
entre-deux
(soccer) A method of restarting play in a game where the referee drops the ball between two players of opposing teams.

dropbox /ˈdɹɑp.bɑks/ /ˈdɹɒp.bɒks/ dropboxes n
boîte de dépôt urne
A box wherein objects can be deposited by one person for later collection by another.

dropdown adj
déroulant
(computing, GUI, of a widget) Dropping down from above; being a specific type of selection control that hides its contents until activated.

dropdown list dropdown lists n
liste déroulante listes déroulantes
(graphical user interface) A user interface control GUI element similar to a list box which allows the user to choose one value from a list.

droplet /ˈdɹɑːplət/ /ˈdɹɒplət/ droplets n
gouttelette goutte
A very small drop.

dropped ceiling dropped ceilings n
faux plafond plafond suspendu
A secondary ceiling, suspended from above, used to conceal wiring, plumbing and ducts

dropper /ˈdɹɑ.pɚ/ /ˈdɹɒp.ə/ /ˈdɹɔp.ə/ droppers n
compte-goutte
A utensil for dispensing a single drop of liquid at a time.

dropping /ˈdɹɑpɪŋ/ /ˈdɹɒpɪŋ/ droppings n
crotte fiente
(usually, in the plural) A piece of animal excrement; dung. [late 16th C.]

dropshipper dropshippers n
parachuteur
(business) A seller who drop ships.

dropsy /ˈdrɑp.si/ /ˈdrɒp.si/ dropsies n
hydropisie
(archaic) Edema, swelling.

drosera droseras n
droséra
Any of several carnivorous, flowering plants of the genus Drosera.

droshky /ˈdɹɒʃki/ droshkies droshkys n
drojki
An open horse-drawn carriage, especially in Russia.

drosophila /dɹoʊˈsɑfələ/ /dɹəˈsɑfələ/ drosophilae drosophilas n
drosophile

dross /dɹɑs/ /dɹɒs/ /dɹɔs/ drosses n
crasse scorie écume
Residue that forms as a scum on the surface of molten metal from oxidation.

drought /dɹaʊt/ [dɹʌʊt] droughts n
sécheresse sècheresse
A period of unusually low rainfall, longer and more severe than a dry spell.

drove /dɹəʊv/ /d͡ʒɹoʊv/ droves n
troupeau horde manade
A cattle drive or the herd being driven by it; thus, a number of cattle driven to market or new pastures.
foule
(figuratively, by extension, usually, in the plural) A large number of people on the move.

droveway droveways n
carraire draille

drown /dɹaʊn/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaʊn] v
submerger
noyer
(transitive) To kill by suffocating in water or another liquid.
noyer se noyer
(intransitive) To be flooded: to be inundated with or submerged in (literally) water or (figuratively) other things; to be overwhelmed.

drown one's sorrows v
noyer son chagrin
To drink alcohol heavily to deal with miserable feelings.

drowning /ˈdɹaʊnɪŋ/ drownings n
noyade
An instance of a person or animal drowning.
An instance of a person or animal being drowned.

drowse /dɹaʊz/ drowses n
somnolence
The state of being sleepy and inactive.

drowse /dɹaʊz/ v
somnoler
(intransitive, also, figurative) To be sleepy and inactive.

drowsiness drowsinesses n
somnolence assoupissement torpeur

drowsy /ˈdɹaʊzi/ drowsier drowsiest adj
somnolent ensommeillé
Inclined to drowse; heavy with sleepiness
soporifique
Causing someone to fall sleep or feel sleepy; lulling; soporific.
stupide
Dull; stupid.

drub /dɹʌb/ v
bâtonner fustiger
To beat (someone or something) with a stick.

drubbing /ˈdɹʌbɪŋ/ drubbings n
branlée raclée
A severe beating.
raclée
A thorough defeat.

drudge /dɹʌd͡ʒ/ drudges n
larbin moins-que-rien sous-merde
A person who works in a low servile job.
laquais larbin valet
(pejorative) Someone who works for (and may be taken advantage of by) someone else.

drudgery /ˈdɹʌd͡ʒəɹi/ drudgeries n
corvée
Exhausting, menial, and tedious work.

drug /dɹʌɡ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] drugs n
drogue
(pharmacology) A substance used to treat an illness, relieve a symptom, or modify a chemical process in the body for a specific purpose.
A psychoactive substance, especially one which is illegal and addictive, ingested for recreational use, such as cocaine.

drug /dɹʌɡ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷʌɡ] v
droguer
(transitive) To administer intoxicating drugs to, generally without the recipient's knowledge or consent.
(transitive) To add intoxicating drugs to with the intention of drugging someone.

drug addict drug addicts n
toxicomane drogué accro junkie toxico droguée
A person with a chemical or psychological dependency on a drug, especially one which is illegal or improperly procured.

drug addiction drug addictions n
toxicomanie
Dependency on drugs, especially which are illegal or improperly procured.

drug dealer drug dealers n
dealer dealeur charbonneur revendeur de drogue revendeuse de drogue vendeur de drogue
One who illegally sells recreational drugs.

drug trafficker drug traffickers n
narcotrafiquant trafiquant de drogues
A person involved in the smuggling, distribution, and sale of illegal drugs.

drug trafficking n
narcotrafic trafic de drogues
The process of smuggling, distributing and selling illegal drugs.

druglord druglords n
baron de la drogue
A person who controls a large network of people involved in the illegal drug trade.

druid /ˈdɹuː.ɪd/ druids n
druide
One of an order of priests among certain groups of Celts before the adoption of Abrahamic religions.

druidess druidesses n
druidesse
A female druid.

druidic /dɹuːˈɪd.ɪk/ more druidic most druidic adj
druidique
Of or relating to the druids.

druidism druidisms n
druidisme

drum /ˈdɹʌm/ drums n
tambour batterie
A percussive musical instrument spanned with a thin covering on at least one end for striking, forming an acoustic chamber; a membranophone.
tambour cylindre
Any similar hollow, cylindrical object.
baril bidon tonneau
A barrel or large cylindrical container for liquid transport and storage.

drum and bass n
drum and bass drum'n'bass
(music) A style of electronic dance music focusing heavily on loud bass and fast-tempo drumbeats.

drum kit drum kits n
batterie
A collection of drums and other percussion instruments designed to be played together.

drum major drum majors n
tambour-major
One who conducts and commands a marching band.

drum roll drum rolls n
roulement de tambour roulé
A sound produced by hitting a drum repeatedly and rhythmically over short intervals.

drumbeat drumbeats n
battement de tambour
The beating of a drum.
The sound of a beating drum.

drummer /ˈdɹʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈdɹʌmɚ/ drummers n
batteur
(music) One who plays the drums.

drumstick drumsticks n
baguette
A stick used to play drums. [from 16th c.]
pilon
The second joint of the legbone of a chicken or other fowl, especially as an item of food. [from 17th c.]

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunker drunkest adj
ivre soûl saoul bourré paqueté schlass
Intoxicated as a result of excessive alcohol consumption, usually by drinking alcoholic beverages.
ivre
(usually followed by with or on) Elated or emboldened.

drunk /dɹʌŋk/ /d͡ʒɹʌŋk/ drunks n
ivrogne buveuse alcoolo arsouille buveur picoleur
A habitual drinker, especially one who is frequently intoxicated.
ivresse ébriété
A drunken state.

drunk as a skunk adj
bourré comme un coing plein comme un œuf plein comme une huître

drunk driving n
conduite en état d'ivresse

drunk tank drunk tanks n
cellule de dégrisement
(slang) A cell where people who have been arrested for public drunkenness are detained until they are sober.

drunken /ˈdɹʌŋkən/ more drunken most drunken adj
ivre saoul
Drunk, in the state of intoxication after having drunk an alcoholic beverage.

drunkenness /ˈdɹʌŋkən.nəs/ drunkennesses n
ébriété ivresse
A state of being drunk.

drupaceous more drupaceous most drupaceous adj
drupacé

drupe /dɹuːp/ /dɹɪu̯p/ drupes n
drupe
(botany) a kind of fruit, with a fleshy exterior, formed from the exocarp and mesocarp, surrounding a hardened endocarp which protects the seed.

drupelet /-lət/ /ˈdɹuplɪt/ /ˈdɹuːplɪt/ drupelets n
drupéole
(botany) One of the small drupe-like subdivisions which compose the outer layer of certain fruit such as blackberries or raspberries. [from mid 19th c.]

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] drier driest dryer dryest adj
sec
Free from or lacking moisture.
(humor) Amusing without showing amusement.
Lacking interest, boring.
Of a bite from an animal: not containing the usual venom.
anhydre sec
(chemistry) Anhydrous: free from or lacking water in any state, regardless of the presence of other liquids.

dry /dɹaɪ/ [d̠͡ɹ̠˔aɪ̯] [d̠͡ɹ̠˔ʷaɪ̯] [d͡ʒɹaɪ̯] v
sécher faire sécher
(transitive, figurative) To exhaust; to cause to run dry.

dry cell dry cells n
pile sèche
Any electrochemical cell whose electrolyte is a solid or stiff paste

dry cleaner dry cleaners n
pressing teinturier
A business establishment that engages in the dry cleaning of clothes and other fabrics.

dry cleaning n
nettoyage à sec
The process of cleaning clothes and other fabrics without using water, instead using solvents and specialized equipment.

dry cough dry coughs n
toux sèche
Coughing without expectoration of sputum.

dry humor n
pince-sans-rire
Humor that is presented with no change of expression; deadpan.

dry ice n
glace carbonique glace sèche
Carbon dioxide frozen in the solid state, used especially as a cooling agent and for the production of fog-like special effects. It sublimes at −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) at normal atmospheric pressure.

dry mouth n
xérostomie
(medicine) Abnormal dryness of the mouth

dry off v
essuyer
(transitive) To make dry.

dry out v
dessécher
(transitive) To cause moisture to be completely removed from; to make dry.
(intransitive) To have excess water evaporate or be otherwise removed; to become dry.

dry riser dry risers n
colonne sèche

dry rot n
mérule
(plant disease) A fungal infection which affects plants, in particular potatoes.

dry season dry seasons n
saison sèche
Any season in which little rain falls; used especially in the tropics where it alternates with the rainy season

dry stone wall dry stone walls n
mur en pierres sèches

dry-stone adj
en pierres sèches

dryad /ˈdɹaɪæd/ /ˈdɹaɪəd/ dryads n
dryade
(Greek mythology) A female tree spirit.

drydock drydocks n
cale sèche forme de radoub
(nautical) A dock that can be drained of water and is used in the repair and construction of ships.

dryer /ˈdɹaɪə/ /ˈdɹaɪɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒɹaɪɚ] dryers n
sécheuse sèche-linge
A household appliance that removes the water from clothing by accelerating evaporation, usually though heat and a tumbling motion.

dryness /ˈdɹaɪ.nəs/ drynesses n
sécheresse siccité
(uncountable) A lack of moisture.
siccité
The degree to which something is dry.

drypoint drypoints n
pointe sèche
(uncountable) A technique of intaglio printmaking similar to engraving in which an image is incised into a plate by scratching the surface with a hard, sharp metal (or diamond) point.
(countable) The needle used in this technique.

drywall drywalls n
plaque de plâtre cloison sèche
A building material comprising a sheet of gypsum sandwiched between two pieces of heavy paper, used mainly for interior walls and ceilings.

dual /ˈd(j)u.əl/ /ˈdjuː.əl/ /ˈdʒuː.əl/ adj
dual duel double
Characterized by having two (usually equivalent) components.
double
Pertaining to two, pertaining to a pair of.
(mathematics, physics) Exhibiting duality.
(linear algebra) Being the space of all linear functionals of (some other space).
(category theory) Being the dual of some other category; containing the same objects but with source and target reversed for all morphisms.
duel double
(grammar) Pertaining to a grammatical number in certain languages that refers to two of something, such as a pair of shoes.

dual /ˈd(j)u.əl/ /ˈdjuː.əl/ /ˈdʒuː.əl/ duals n
duel
(mathematics) Of a vector in an inner product space, the linear functional corresponding to taking the inner product with that vector. The set of all duals is a vector space called the dual space.

dual carriageway dual carriageways n
double chaussée
(UK) A road in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land, known as a central reservation or median.

dual citizenship dual citizenships n
double nationalité
The status of being a citizen of two countries.

dualin n
dualine
(dated) An explosive substance consisting essentially of sawdust or wood pulp saturated with nitroglycerin and similar compounds.

dualism dualisms n
dualisme dualité
Duality; the condition of being double.
dualisme
(theology) The belief that the world is ruled by a pair of antagonistic forces, such as good and evil; the belief that man has two basic natures, the physical and the spiritual.

duality /d(j)uːˈælɪti/ dualities n
dualité
A classification into two subclasses or opposed parts.
(projective geometry) The interchangeability of points and planes.
(mathematics, physics) The mathematical equivalence of two seemingly different theoretical descriptions of a physical system.

dualize v
dualiser
(transitive, sciences) To make dual, to find or consider the dual item of a given one.

dub /dʌb/ dubs n
dub
(music, uncountable) A trend in music starting in 2009, in which bass distortion is synced off timing to electronic dance music.

dub /dʌb/ v
reconnaître
(transitive) To name, to entitle, to call. [from the later 16th c]
doubler
To replace the original soundtrack of a film with a synchronized translation
adouber
To clothe or invest; to ornament; to adorn.

dubber /ˈdʌbə/ /ˈdʌbɚ/ dubbers n
doubleur doubleurs doubleuse doubleuses
A person who records or adds a dubbed soundtrack to a film.

dubbing /ˈdʌbɪŋ/ dubbings n
doublage
(film) The replacement of a voice part in a film or animation, particularly with a translation, revoicing.

dubious /ˈdjuː.bi.əs/ /ˈdu.bi.əs/ more dubious most dubious adj
douteux louche dubitatif
(of a statement, matter, or thing) Arousing doubt; questionable; open to suspicion.
douteux sceptique
(of a person) In disbelief; wavering, uncertain, or hesitating in opinion; inclined to doubt; undecided.

dubiously more dubiously most dubiously adv
douteusement dubitativement
In a dubious manner.

dubitation /djuːbɪˈteɪʃən/ /dʒuːbɪˈteɪʃən/ /ˌdju.bɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌdu.bɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ dubitations n
doute
(uncountable, archaic) The process of doubting or the state of being in doubt; hesitation, uncertainty.
affres angoisse anxiété interrogation
(countable) A pang or expression of doubt.

dubnium /ˈduːbniəm/ /ˈdʌbniəm/ n
dubnium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Db) with atomic number 105.

dubplate /ˈdʌbpleɪt/ /ˈdʌbˌpleɪt/ /ˈdʌbˌpleːt/ dubplates n
dubplate
(music, originally, Jamaica) An acetate or vinyl record pressed in very limited numbers, especially one issued to disc jockeys in advance of an official release; specifically (and, originally) , one containing a piece of dub music (a style of reggae music, often instrumental, involving the mixing of different audio tracks).

dubstep /ˈdʌbstɛp/ n
dubstep
A subgenre of electronic dance music descended from 2-step garage that was popular in the early 2010s, characterized by its dark mood, sparse half-step and two-step rhythms, and emphasis on sub-bass.

ducal /djuːkəl/ more ducal most ducal adj
ducal
Of or pertaining to a duke, a duchess, or the duchy or dukedom they hold.

ducat /ˈdʌkət/ ducats n
ducat
(historical) A gold coin minted by various European nations.

duce /ˈduːtʃeɪ/ duci n
duce
(fascism) an authoritarian leader, especially Benito Mussolini

duchess /ˈdʌt͡ʃəs/ /ˈdʌt͡ʃɪs/ duchesses n
duchesse
The wife or widow of a duke.
The female ruler of a duchy.

duchy /ˈdʌt͡ʃi/ duchies n
duché
A dominion or region ruled by a duke or duchess.

duck /dʌk/ duck ducks n
canard cane
An aquatic bird of the family Anatidae, having a flat bill and webbed feet.
cane canard femelle canard
Specifically, an adult female duck; contrasted with drake and with duckling.
canard
(uncountable) The flesh of a duck used as food.

duck /dʌk/ v
baisser esquiver
(intransitive) To quickly lower the head or body, often in order to prevent it from being struck by something.
(transitive) To quickly lower (the head or body), often in order to prevent it from being struck by something.
plonger
(intransitive) To go under the surface of water and immediately reappear; to plunge one's head into water or other liquid.
esquiver
(transitive, figurative) To evade doing something.

duck press duck presses n
presse à canard
A machine used to extract the blood and bone marrow from a duck for use in pressed duck.

duck test duck tests n
test du canard
(epistemology, philosophy) A form of abductive reasoning, application of intuition, or common sense regardless of technical parameters, to identify an ostensibly unknown subject by observing that subject's characteristics.

duck typing n
duck typing

duckface /ˈdʌkˌfeɪs/ duckfaces n
duckface
(slang) A facial expression in which the lips are pushed outwards in a pout.

duckling /ˈdʌklɪŋ/ ducklings n
canardeau caneton
A young duck.
A young female duck.

duckpond duckponds n
barbotière
A pond that is populated by ducks.

ducktail ducktails n
banane
A hairstyle in which the hair is swept back into an upturned point at the back.

duckweed duckweed duckweeds n
lentille d’eau
Any of several reduced floating aquatic plants in the subfamily Lemnoideae of the family Araceae.

duct /dʌkt/ ducts n
canalisation conduit tuyau
a pipe, tube or canal which carries gas or liquid from one place to another

duct tape duct tapes n
chatterton, ruban adhésif
A generally gray waterproof adhesive tape used for many purposes and easy to cut with the hands.

ductal adj
canalaire ductal
(anatomy) Of, relating to, or originating in a duct

ductile /ˈdʌk.taɪl/ /ˈdʌk.təl/ more ductile most ductile adj
ductile
Capable of being pulled or stretched into thin wire by mechanical force without breaking.

ductility /dʌkˈtɪlɪdi/ ductilities n
ductilité
(physics) Ability of a material to be drawn out longitudinally to a reduced section without fracture under the action of a tensile force.

dud /dʌd/ duds n
munition non explosée
(informal) A device or machine that is useless because it does not work properly or has failed to work, such as a bomb, or explosive projectile.

dude /duːd/ [dʉːu̯d] dudes n
mec gars type
(chiefly, US, Canada, colloquial) A man, generally a younger man.
gars mec man mon pote
(colloquial, used in the vocative) A term of address for someone, typically a man, particularly when cautioning them or offering advice.

duduk duduks n
duduk
(musical instrument) An Armenian woodwind instrument.

due /d(j)uː/ /djuː/ /du/ /dɪu̯/ /dʒuː/ /dʒʉː/ more due most due adj
dû
Having reached the expected, scheduled, or natural time.
plein
On a direct bearing, especially for the four points of the compass

due date due dates n
terme
The date on which a pregnant woman is expected to give birth.
échéance
The date of payment in financial arrangements.
date limite échéance
The date by which a book (or other item) borrowed from a library must be returned.

due to preposition
à cause de
Caused by; resulting from; because of.

duel /ˈd(j)uəl/ /ˈdjuːəl/ duels n
duel
Arranged, regular combat between two private persons, often over a matter of honor.
(by extension) Any battle or struggle between two contending persons, forces, groups, or ideas.

duel /ˈd(j)uəl/ /ˈdjuːəl/ v
croiser le fer
To engage in a battle.

duenna /duˈɛ.nə/ duennas n
accompagnatrice
a chaperon of a young lady, usually an older woman.

duet /djuˈɛt/ /duˈɛt/ duets n
duetto duo
(music) A musical composition in two parts, each performed by a single voice (singer, instrument or univoce ensemble).
(music) A song composed for and/or performed by a duo.

duff /dʌf/ duffer duffest adj
nul
(UK) Worthless; not working properly, defective.

duffel /dʌfəl/ duffels n
duffel
A kind of coarse woolen cloth, having a thick nap or frieze.

duffel bag duffel bags n
sac de sport sac de toile
(US, AU, often, _, military) A large, cylindrical, duffel cloth bag used to carry personal gear, especially by soldiers.

duffel coat duffel coats n
duffel-coat duffle-coat duffel coat
A warm, hooded coat, made from duffel, fastened with toggles.

duffer /ˈdʌfə/ /ˈdʌfɚ/ duffers n
tocard
(informal) An incompetent, indolent, or clumsy person.

dufrenite dufrenites n
dufrénite

dug /dʌɡ/ dugs n
mamelle têton
(chiefly, in the plural) A mammary gland on a domestic mammal with more than two breasts.

dugong /ˈdjuːɡɒŋ/ /ˈduɡɑŋ/ dugongs n
dugong vache marine
A plant-eating aquatic marine mammal, of the genus Dugong, found in tropical regions.

dugout dugouts n
pirogue monoxyle
(nautical) A canoe made from a hollowed-out log.
banc de touche
(military) A pit dug into the ground as a shelter, especially from enemy fire.

duh /dɜː/ /dʌ/ interjection
bah bah oui
Disdainful indication that something is obvious.

duke /d(j)uːk/ /djuːk/ /dʒuːk/ dukes n
duc
The male ruler of a duchy (female equivalent: duchess).
A high title of nobility; the male holder of a dukedom.

dukkah n
dukkah
An Egyptian dry mixture of chopped nuts, seeds and Middle Eastern spices, usually eaten by dipping bread into olive oil and then into the mixture.

dukkha /ˈdʊkə/ dukkhas n
dukkha
(Buddhism) The three main types of pain, suffering, or stress: physical and mental, impermanence, and conditioned states. One of the three marks of existence.

dulce de leche /ˌdulseɪ də ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ /ˌdʌlseɪ də ˈlɛtʃeɪ/ n
confiture de lait
A South American sweet spread made from sugar and boiled milk.

dulcet /ˈdʌl.sət/ /ˈdʌl.sɪt/ adj
doux
suave
Sweet, especially when describing voice or tones; melodious.

dulcian dulcians n
dulciane
(musical instruments) A Renaissance bass woodwind instrument, with a double reed and a folded conical bore

dulcimer /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mə/ /ˈdʌl.sɪ.mɚ/ dulcimers n
tympanon
A stringed instrument, with strings stretched across a sounding board, usually trapezoidal, played by plucking on the strings (traditionally with a quill) or by tapping on them (in the case of the hammer dulcimers).

dull /dʌl/ duller dullest adj
émoussé
Lacking the ability to cut easily; not sharp.
ennuyeux barbant
Boring; not exciting or interesting.
mat terne
Not shiny; having a matte finish or no particular luster or brightness.
idiot sot obtus
Not bright or intelligent; stupid; having slow understanding.
sourd
Not clear, muffled. (of a noise or sound)

dull /dʌl/ v
adoucir amortir assourdir engourdir modérer
(transitive) To soften, moderate or blunt; to make dull, stupid, or sluggish; to stupefy.
user émousser
(intransitive) To lose a sharp edge; to become dull.
To render dim or obscure; to sully; to tarnish.

dull as dishwater adj
chiant comme la pluie
(simile) Boring; ordinary; exceedingly dull.

dullness /ˈdʌl.nəs/ dullnesses n
obtusité
The quality of being slow of understanding things; stupidity.

dulse /dʌls/ dulses n
algue à vache dulse goémon à vache rhodyménie palmé
A seaweed of a reddish-brown color (Palmaria palmata) which is sometimes eaten, as in Scotland.

duly /ˈdjuːli/ /ˈdjʉːli/ /ˈduli/ /ˈdʒuːli/ /ˈdʒʉːli/ more duly most duly adv
dûment ponctuellement
Regularly; at the proper time.

duma /ˈdumə/ dumas n
douma
A Russian legislative assembly such as the historical duma of the Russian Empire or the modern lower house of the Federal Assembly (the Russian national parliament).

dumb /dʌm/ dumber dumbest adj
stupide bête idiot débile niais
(informal, pejorative, especially of a person) Stupid.
bête stupide
(figuratively) Pointless, foolish, lacking intellectual content or value.

dumb as a doornail adj
con comme un balai
(simile) irrefutably or unquestionably dumb

dumb blonde dumb blondes n
blondasse
(pejorative) A common stereotype of a blonde as a woman with low intelligence.
(by extension, rare) A man of similar type.

dumb down v
vulgariser
(idiomatic, transitive) To convey some subject matter in simple terms, avoiding technical or academic language, especially in a way that is considered condescending.

dumbass /ˈdʌm.æs/ dumbasses n
abruti andouille crétin tête de nœud
(US, vulgar, slang) A stupid or foolish person.

dumbbell /ˈdʌm.bɛl/ dumbbells n
haltère
A weight training implement consisting of a short bar with weight counterpoised on each end.
balourd imbécile
(pejorative) A stupid person.

dumbfound /ˈdʌm.faʊnd/ /ˌdʌmˈfaʊnd/ v
abasourdir
(transitive) To confuse and bewilder; to leave speechless.

dumbfounded more dumbfounded most dumbfounded adj
abasourdi ahuri choqué stupéfait éberlué
Shocked and speechless.

dumbwaiter /ˈdʌmˌweɪtəɹ/ dumbwaiters n
monte-plat monte-plats
A small elevator used to move food etc. from one floor of a building to another.

dummy /ˈdʌmi/ dummies n
muet
(dated) A silent person; a person who does not talk.
idiot idiote imbécile muet
A figure of a person or animal used by a ventriloquist; a puppet.
mannequin
Something constructed with the size and form of a human, to be used in place of a person.
mort
A person who is the mere tool of another; a man of straw.

dump /dʌmp/ [dɐm̥p] dumps n
décharge dépotoir
A place where waste or garbage is left; a ground or place for dumping ashes, refuse, etc.; a disposal site.

dump /dʌmp/ [dɐm̥p] v
se débarrasser de
(transitive) To discard; to get rid of something one no longer wants.
larguer domper
(transitive, informal) To end a romantic relationship with.

dump truck dump trucks n
tombereau camion benne camion à benne basculante camion-tombereau
A heavy truck, for carrying loose, bulk cargo, having a hinged bed that allows the contents to be unloaded onto the ground.

dumper dumpers n
benne conteneur
A dropper of refuse, particularly not in landfill sites/recycling sites.

dumping /ˈdʌmpɪŋ/ dumpings n
dumping vente à perte
Selling goods at less than their normal price, or even at a loss, especially in the export market as a means of securing a monopoly.

dumpling /ˈdʌmp.lɪŋ/ dumplings n
ravioli quenelle
By restriction, a food composed of a dough wrapper around a filling.
chou
(endearing) A term of endearment.

dumpster /ˈdʌmpstɚ/ dumpsters n
conteneur poubelle
(Canada, US) A large, usually metal trash receptacle designed to be hoisted up by a garbage truck in order to be emptied.

dumpster diving /ˈdʌmpstəˈdaɪvɪŋ/ /ˈdʌmpstɚˈdaɪvɪŋ/ v
déchétarisme glanage alimentaire trésordure
act of recovering discarded items

dun /dʌn/ adj
brun gris
Of a brownish grey colour.

dun /dʌn/ duns n
brun
A brownish grey colour.

dunce /dʌns/ dunces n
cancre

dunce cap dunce caps n
bonnet d’âne
A conical hat that a school pupil is forced to wear to indicate that he or she is a dunce.

dune /d(j)uːn/ /djuːn/ /dɪu̯n/ /dʒuːn/ dunes n
dune
(geomorphology) A ridge or hill of sand piled up by the wind.

dung /ˈdʌŋ/ dungs n
fumier bouse purin
(uncountable) Manure; animal excrement.

dung beetle /ˈdʌŋ biːtəl/ dung beetles n
bousier scarabée bousier escarbot
Any of the beetle of the family Scarabaeidae (scarab beetles), especially of the subfamilies Scarabaeinae and Aphodiinae, noted for rolling dung into balls for use as food or as brooding chambers.

dungarees /ˌdʌŋ.ɡəˈɹiːz/ n
salopette
Heavy denim pants or trousers, usually with bib and braces, worn especially as work clothing.

dungeon /ˈdʌn.d͡ʒən/ dungeons n
oubliette cachot
An underground prison or vault, typically built underneath a castle.
cachot donjon
(obsolete) The main tower of a motte or castle; a keep or donjon.

dunlin dunlins n
bécasseau variable
A small wading bird, Calidris alpina, found along the coast and having a distinctive black belly patch in its breeding plumage. A type of stint.

dunnock dunnocks n
accenteur mouchet
A small European and Asian passerine bird, Prunella modularis; the hedge sparrow or hedge warbler.

duo /ˈdju.oʊ/ /ˈdjuː.əʊ/ /ˈdu.oʊ/ /ˈdʒuː.əʊ/ duos n
duo
Two people who work or collaborate together as partners; especially, those who perform music together.

duodecade duodecades n
duodécennie

duodecillion /ˌdjuːoʊdəˈsɪl.i.ən/ duodecillions numeral
sextilliard duodécillion
(rare, US, British, Australian, short scale) 1039.
(rare, dated, British, Australian, long scale) 1072.

duodecimal /ˌd(j)uː.əʊ.ˈdɛs.ɪm.əl/ adj
duodécimal
(arithmetic) Of a number, expressed in base twelve.

duodecimo duodecimos n
in-12º in-douze in-duodecimo

duodenal /ˌdjuːəʊˈdiːnəl/ /ˌduəˈdinəl/ adj
duodénal
Of or pertaining to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine.

duodenitis n
duodénite
Inflammation of the duodenum.

duodeno- prefix
duodéno-

duodenojejunal adj
duodénojéjunal

duodenum /ˌdjuːə(ʊ)ˈdiːnəm/ /ˌduəˈdinəm/ /ˌduˈɑdənəm/ duodena duodenums n
duodénum
(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the stomach and extending to the jejunum.

duopoly /djuːˈɒpəli/ /duˈɑpəli/ /duː-/ duopolies n
duopole
(economics) An economic condition in which two sellers exert (most of the) control over the market of a commodity.

duotheism duotheisms n
duothéisme
Belief in the existence of two deities. This often refers to the belief in a god and goddess of roughly equal power, as is the case in Wicca.

duotrigintillion numeral
sexdecilliard
(rare, US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1099.

dupe /djuːp/ /duːp/ /dʒuːp/ v
duper
To swindle, deceive, or trick.

duplex /ˈdu.plɛks/ duplexes duplices n
duplex
(US, Canada) A house made up of two dwelling units.
(juggling) A throwing motion where two balls are thrown with one hand at the same time.
flamme flamme postale
(philately) A cancellation combining a numerical cancellation with a second mark showing time, date, and place of posting.

duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/ /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.ˌkeɪt/ adj
dupliqué dupliquée
Being the same as another; identical, often having been copied from an original.

duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/ /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.ˌkeɪt/ duplicates n
copie duplicata double
One that resembles or corresponds to another; an identical copy.

duplicate /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/ /ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.ˌkeɪt/ v
dupliquer copier
(transitive) To make a copy of.

duplication /d(j)u.plɪ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /djuː.plɪ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /dʒuː.plɪ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ duplications n
duplication
The act of duplicating.

duplicator duplicators n
polycopieuse
A device that reproduces something, such as printed documents or compact discs; a copier.

duplicitous /djuːˈplɪsətəs/ /djʊˈplɪsɪtəs/ /duːˈplɪsətəs/ more duplicitous most duplicitous adj
fourbe
Given to or marked by deliberate deceptiveness in behavior or speech.

duplicity /dju-/ /duˈplɪ.sɪ.ti/ duplicities n
duplicité double jeu
Intentional deceptiveness; double-dealing.

dura mater /ˈd(j)ʊɹ.ə ˌmeɪ.tɚ/ /ˈd(j)ʊɹ.ə ˌmɑt.ɚ/ /ˌdjʊə.ɹə ˈmeɪ.tə/ dura maters durae matres n
dure-mère
(anatomy) The tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges, enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

durability durabilities n
durabilité résistance
Permanence by virtue of the power to resist stress or force.

durable /ˈdjʊəɹəbəl/ /ˈdʊɹəbəl/ /ˈdʒʊəɹəbəl/ more durable most durable adj
durable
Able to resist wear or decay; lasting; enduring.

duralumin duralumins n
duralumin
(metallurgy) An alloy of over 90% aluminium, 4% copper and traces of manganese, magnesium, iron and silicon, widely used in the aircraft industry.

duration /djəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /djʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /dəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ /dʒʊˈɹeɪʃn̩/ durations n
durée
An amount of time or a particular time interval.

durative adj
duratif
(linguistics) Of or pertaining to the aspect of a verb that expresses continuing action; continuative. Part of the imperfective aspect, as opposed to the perfective aspect, of verbs.

durative duratives n
duratif
(linguistics) This aspect, or a verb in this aspect; a continuative.

duress /djʊˈɹɛs/ /duˈɹɛs/ /d͡ʒʊˈɹɛs/ n
contrainte
Constraint by threat.

durian /ˈdʊə.ɹi.ən/ /ˈdʊə.ɹiˌɑn/ /ˈdʊə.ɹɪən/ /ˈdʒʊə.ɹɪən/ durians n
durian
The spiky edible fruit of this tree, known for its strong taste and very strong, unpleasant odor.

during /ˈd(j)ɜɹɪŋ/ /ˈd(j)ʊəɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjɔː.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdjʊə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒɔːɹɪŋ/ /ˈdʒʊəɹɪŋ/ preposition
durant pendant
For all of a given time interval.
pendant durant
At any time or period within a given time interval.

durum wheat durum wheats n
blé dur
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum, syn. Triticum durum (hard wheat), the flour of which is used to make pasta and bread.

dusk /dʌsk/ dusks n
crépuscule
The time after the sun has set but when the sky is still lit by sunlight; the evening twilight period.

dusky thrush dusky thrushes n
grive à ailes rousses
A species of thrush, Turdus eunomus, which breeds eastwards from central Siberia.

dusky tit dusky tits n
mésange enfumée
Melaniparus funereus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

dusky warbler dusky warblers n
pouillot brun
Phylloscopus sibilatrix, a leaf warbler which breeds in East Asia.

dust /dʌst/ dusts n
poussière
(countable, obsolete) A single fine, dry particle of earth or other material; grain of dust.

dust /dʌst/ v
épousseter dépoussiérer
(intransitive) To remove dust; to clean by removing dust.
pulvériser
(transitive) To spray or cover (something) with fine powder or liquid, to sprinkle.

dust bunny /ˈdʌst bʌni/ dust bunnies n
mouton
(US, informal) A small clump of dust, fluff, hair, particles of skin, etc., that tends to accumulate indoors in areas not regularly dusted, such as under heavy furniture.

dust devil /dʌst ˈdɛvəl/ dust devils n
tourbillon de poussière
A small atmospheric vortex appearing in clear, dry conditions, made visible by swirling dust picked up from the ground.

dust jacket dust jackets n
jaquette liseuse
(printing, publishing) The detachable paper cover of a book; used to protect the binding, and to provide blurb.

dust mite dust mites n
acarien de poussière
A microscopically small mite, of the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, or Dermatophagoides farinae species.

dust off v
dépoussiérer
(transitive) To remove dust from.

duster /ˈdʌstə/ /ˈdʌstɚ/ dusters n
brosse chiffon
An object, now especially a cloth, used for dusting surfaces etc.

dusting /ˈdʌstɪŋ/ dustings n
saupoudrage
A light covering of something.
dépoussiérage
The act of removing dust from the furniture, as a household chore.

dustpan /ˈdʌstpæn/ dustpans n
pelle pelle à poussière pelle de ménage pelle à ordures
A flat scoop with a short handle, into which dust, dirt and other material is conveyed with a brush or broom.

duststorm /ˈdʌst.stɔɹm/ /ˈdʌst.stɔːm/ duststorms n
tempête de sable
phenomenon in which gale- to hurricane-force winds blow particles up in a planet's atmosphere.

dustup dustups n
différend
(informal, by extension) An argument or dispute.

dusty /ˈdʌsti/ dustier dustiest adj
poussiéreux
Covered with dust.

dutasteride /duˈtæ.stəˌɹaɪd/ n
dutastéride

dutchman dutchmen n
romaillet
(carpentry, masonry) A piece of wood or stone used to repair a larger piece, shaped such that it fills as exactly as possible a void or cavity that is to be repaired.

dutiful more dutiful most dutiful adj
dévoué
Pertaining to one's duty; demonstrative of one's sense of duty.

dutifully more dutifully most dutifully adv
attentivement consciencieusement scrupuleusement
With a regard to duty; in a dutiful manner.

duty /ˈdjuː.ti/ /ˈdu.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒʉː.ti/ [ˈdu.ɾi] duties n
devoir obligation service
That which one is morally or legally obligated to do.
taxe
A tax placed on imports or exports; a tariff.
travail
The efficiency of an engine, especially a steam pumping engine, as measured by work done by a certain quantity of fuel; usually, the number of pounds of water lifted one foot by one bushel of coal (94 lbs. old standard), or by 1 cwt. (112 lbs., England, or 100 lbs., United States).

duty calls phraseologicalUnit
le devoir m'appelle
(idiomatic) Expresses that the speaker must go and deal with something.

duty of care duties of care n
devoir de diligence
(legal) A legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others.

duty-free adj
hors taxe
Exempt from duty, especially from customs duty.

duumvirate /djuːˈʌmvɪɹət/ duumvirates n
duumvirat
(historical) Any of several offices of the Roman Republic held by two joint magistrates known as duumvirs.

duvet /d(j)uːˈveɪ/ /ˈd(j)uːveɪ/ duvets n
couette
(British, New Zealand, Canada) A quilt or usually flat cloth bag with a filling (traditionally down) and usually an additional washable cover, used instead of blankets; often called a comforter or quilt, especially in US English.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ dwarfer dwarfest adj
nain naine
(especially in, _, botany) Miniature.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ dwarfs dwarves n
nain naine
(mythology) Any member of a race of beings from (especially Scandinavian and other Germanic) folklore, usually depicted as having some sort of supernatural powers and being skilled in crafting and metalworking, often as short with long beards, and sometimes as clashing with elves.
(now, sometimes, _, offensive) A person of short stature, often one whose limbs are disproportionately small in relation to the body as compared with typical adults, usually as the result of a genetic condition.
An animal, plant or other thing much smaller than the usual of its sort.
naine nain
(star) A dwarf star.

dwarf /dwɔɹf/ /dwɔːf/ v
nanifier naniser rapetisser
(transitive) To render (much) smaller, turn into a dwarf (version).
écraser
(transitive) To make appear (much) smaller, puny, tiny.
éclipser écraser
(transitive) To make appear insignificant.
rapetisser se nanifier
(intransitive) To become (much) smaller.
éclipser rapetisser se nanifier écraser
To hinder from growing to the natural size; to make or keep small; to stunt.

dwarf elder dwarf elders n
sureau hièble
A small European herbaceous perennial elder, species Sambucus ebulus.

dwarf galaxy dwarf galaxies n
galaxie naine
(galaxy) Any galaxy, considerably smaller than the Milky Way, that has only several billions of stars.

dwarf planet dwarf planets n
planète naine
(astronomy) A planetary (world-like) body of the Solar system, that directly orbits the Sun like the classical planets but does not gravitationally dominate other bodies in the region of its orbit.

dwarf spheroidal galaxy dwarf spheroidal galaxies n
galaxie naine sphéroïdale
(galaxy) A faint galaxy, devoid of gas, having a higher than normal proportion of dark matter; especially those that orbit the Milky Way and Andromeda

dwarf standing on the shoulders of giants dwarfs standing on the shoulders of giants dwarves standing on the shoulders of giants n
des nains sur des épaules de géants
(metaphor, idiom) One who discovers by building on previous discoveries.

dwarf star dwarf stars n
étoile naine
(star) A star that is located in the main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, though generally excluding the small minority which fall in the blue band due to their large size and high luminosity; fuses hydrogen into helium in its core.

dwarf tinamou dwarf tinamous n
tinamou carapé

dwarf tossing n
lancer de nain
A "sport" in which contestants compete to throw a small person the farthest.

dwarfism /ˈdwɔɹfɪzəm/ /ˈdwɔːfɪzəm/ dwarfisms n
nanisme
The condition of being a dwarf (person of short stature).

dwell /dwɛl/ v
résider
(intransitive, now, _, literary) To live; to reside.
[[s'appesantir]] sur
(intransitive) To abide; to remain; to continue.

dwelling /ˈdwɛl.ɪŋ/ dwellings n
domicile habitation
A house or place in which a person lives; a habitation, a home.

dwindle /ˈdwɪn.dəl/ v
disparaître décroître diminuer amenuiser fondre s'évanouir
(intransitive) To decrease, shrink, diminish, reduce in size or intensity.

dwindling more dwindling most dwindling adj
diminuant déclinant
declining; growing less

dyad /ˈdaɪ.æd/ dyads n
duo
A set of two elements treated as one; a pair.
(music) Any set of two different pitch classes.

dyadic /daɪˈæ.dɪk/ [daɪˈæ.ɾɪk] more dyadic most dyadic adj
dyadique
Pertaining to a dyad, the number two; of two parts or elements.

dye /daɪ/ dyes n
teinture
A colourant, especially one that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is applied.

dye /daɪ/ v
teindre
(transitive) To colour with dye, or as if with dye.

dyed /daɪd/ more dyed most dyed adj
teint
Coloured or tinted with dye, or as though therewith.

dyed-in-the-wool /ˌdaɪd ɪn ðə ˈwʊl/ more dyed-in-the-wool most dyed-in-the-wool adj
teint en laine
(of, textiles) Having the fibres dyed before they are formed into cloth.
ancré
(idiomatic, figuratively, of a person) Firmly established in one's beliefs or habits; having a specified characteristic, identity, etc. deeply ingrained in one's nature.

dyer /ˈdaɪə/ /ˈdaɪɚ/ dyers n
teinturier teinturière
One who dyes, especially one who dyes cloth etc. as an occupation.

dying /ˈdaɪ.ɪŋ/ adj
mourant
Pertaining to death, or the moments before death.

dyke /daɪk/ dykes n
gouine
(slang, usually, _, pejorative, offensive) A lesbian, particularly one with masculine or butch traits or behavior.
fossé
An embankment formed by the creation of a ditch.
(now, chiefly, Scotland) A low embankment or stone wall serving as an enclosure and boundary marker.
digue
An earthwork raised to prevent inundation of low land by the sea or flooding rivers.

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ more dynamic most dynamic adj
dynamique
Changing; active; in motion.
Powerful; energetic.
Able to change and adapt.
(computing) Happening at runtime instead of being predetermined at compile time.

dynamic /daɪˈnæm.ɪk/ dynamics n
dynamique
A characteristic or manner of an interaction; a behavior.
(music) The varying loudness or volume of a song or the markings that indicate the loudness.

dynamic memory dynamic memories n
mémoire dynamique
Computer memory that requires a periodic refresh to maintain its contents. This memory is usually cheaper and faster than ROM.

dynamic system dynamic systems n
système dynamique
A dynamical system.

dynamic verb dynamic verbs n
verbe d'action

dynamically more dynamically most dynamically adv
dynamiquement
Of a dynamic nature; variable or constantly changing nature.

dynamicity n
dynamicité
The condition of being dynamic

dynamics n
dynamique
(physics) The branch of mechanics that is concerned with the effects of forces on the motion of objects.

dynamism dynamisms n
dynamisme

dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ dynamites n
dynamite
A class of explosives made from nitroglycerine in an absorbent medium such as kieselguhr, used in mining and blasting.

dynamite /ˈdaɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ /ˈdɪ.nəˌmaɪt/ v
dynamiter
To blow up with dynamite or other high explosive.

dynamiter dynamiters n
dynamiteur
A person who uses dynamite, especially one who uses it unlawfully.

dynamize v
dynamiser
To make dynamic.

dynamo /ˈdaɪnəmoʊ/ dynamos n
dynamo
(electromagnetism) An electricity generator; a dynamo-electric machine.

dynamometrically more dynamometrically most dynamometrically adv
dynamométriquement

dynastic /daɪˈnæstɪk/ /dɪˈnæstɪk/ more dynastic most dynastic adj
dynastique
Pertaining to a dynasty.

dynasty /ˈdaɪnəsti/ /ˈdɪnəsti/ dynasties n
dynastie
A series of rulers or dynasts from one family.
(East Asian history) The polity or historical era under the rule of a certain dynasty.

dysarthria dysarthrias n
dysarthrie
(neurology, neuropsychology) Difficulty in articulating words due to a disturbance in the form or function of the structures that modulate voice into speech; one of the first indicative symptoms of myasthenia gravis, brought about by an autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptors.

dyscalculia /ˌdɪskælˈkjuːli.ə/ dyscalculias n
dyscalculie
(pathology) A learning disability characterized by significantly below average mathematical ability.

dyscrasia /dɪsˈkɹeɪzɪə/ dyscrasias n
dyscrasie
(modern usage) Any bodily disorder, especially regarding the blood.

dyscrasic adj
dyscrasique
Of or relating to dyscrasia.

dysentery /ˈdɪs.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈdɪs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ dysenteries n
dysenterie
(pathology) A disease characterised by inflammation of the intestines, especially the colon (large intestine), accompanied by pus (white blood cells) in the feces, fever, pain in the abdomen, high-volume diarrhea, and possible blood in the feces.

dysfunction /dɪsˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ dysfunctions n
dysfonction dysfonctionnement
(mostly, medical) A failure to function in an expected or complete manner. Usually refers to a disorder in a bodily organ (e.g. erectile dysfunction), a mental disorder, or the improper behavior of a social group.

dysfunctional more dysfunctional most dysfunctional adj
dysfonctionnel
Functioning incorrectly or abnormally; especially, designating of a business, family or social group with harmful, aberrant, strange or abnormal behavior.

dysgraphia dysgraphias n
dysgraphie
A language disorder that affects a person's ability to write.

dyskinesia /dɪs.kaɪˈniʒi.ə/ /dɪs.kaɪˈniʒə/ /dɪs.kəˈniʒi.ə/ /dɪs.kəˈniʒə/ dyskinesias n
dyskinésie
(uncountable) A state of involuntary muscle movements, like tics and torticollis, and reduced voluntary muscle movements.

dyslalia /dɪsˈleɪliə/ dyslalias n
dyslalie
difficulty in talking due to a structural abnormality

dyslexia /dɪsˈlɛk.si.ə/ dyslexias n
dyslexie
(neurology, pathology) A learning disability characterized by reading and writing difficulties.

dyslexic /dɪsˈlɛksɪk/ more dyslexic most dyslexic adj
dyslexique
Of or pertaining to dyslexia.

dyslexic /dɪsˈlɛksɪk/ dyslexics n
dyslexique
A person who has dyslexia.

dysmenorrhea /dɪs.mɛ.nəˈɹi.ə/ dysmenorrheas n
dysménorrhée
(medicine) Painful menstruation (menstrual#Adjective pain), viewed as a symptom#Noun in any of various disorders.

dysmorphia dysmorphias n
dysmorphophobie
(pathology) Any of various psychological disorders whose sufferers believe that their body is wrong or inadequate, such as anorexia, bulimia, and muscle dysmorphia ("bigorexia").

dysostosis dysostoses n
dysostose
(medicine) A disorder of the development of bone.

dyspareunia /dɪspəˈɹuːnɪə/ n
dyspareunie
(medicine) Painful or difficult sexual intercourse, especially in women.

dyspeptic /dɪsˈpɛp.tɪk/ more dyspeptic most dyspeptic adj
nauséabond
(pathology, not comparable) Of, relating to, or having dyspepsia or indigestion.
irritable morose
(figuratively, comparable) Irritable or morose.

dysphasia /dɪsˈfeɪʒə/ dysphasias n
dysphasie
(pathology) Loss of or deficiency in the power to use or understand language as a result of injury or disease of the brain.

dysphemism /ˈdɪs.fəˌmɪ.z(ə)m/ dysphemisms n
dysphémisme hyperbole
(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase carrying negative connotations or imagery (especially one that is derogatory, offensive or vulgar) to replace a (more) neutral original.
dysphémisme
(countable) A word or phrase that is used to replace another in this way.

dysphoria /dɪsˈfɔːɹi.ə/ dysphorias n
dysphorie
A state of feeling unwell or unhappy; a feeling of emotional and mental discomfort and suffering from restlessness, malaise, depression, or anxiety.

dysplasia /dɪsˈpleɪ.ʒə/ dysplasias n
dysplasie
(pathology) Abnormal development of cells or tissue, often a precancerous stage of growth.

dyspnea /dɪspˈniː.ə/ /ˈdɪsp.ni.ə/ dyspneas n
dyspnée essoufflement
(pathology) Difficult or laboured respiration; shortness of breath.

dyspraxia /dɪsˈpɹæksiə/ dyspraxias n
dyspraxie
(neurology) A genetic neurological disorder where a person has motor skills severely below average due to their brain's inability to consistently send messages accurately to the body for the planning of motor movements.

dysprosium /dɪsˈpɹoʊ.zi.əm/ n
dysprosium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Dy) with atomic number 66: a rare earth element with a metallic silver lustre.

dyssynchrony dyssynchronies n
asynchronisme
(medical) A medical condition wherein the activation of different parts of the heart is improperly synchronized.
(medical) A neurological condition wherein auditory stimuli are not processed synchronously.
asynchronisme dysynchronie
A lack of proper synchrony.

dysthymia dysthymias n
dysthymie
A tendency to be depressed, without hope.
(psychiatry) A form of clinical depression, characterized by low-grade depression which lasts at least two years.

dysthymic more dysthymic most dysthymic adj
dysthymique
Having or relating to dysthymia.

dysthymic dysthymics n
dysthymique
A person diagnosed with dysthymia, or dysthymic depression.

dystopia /dɪs.ˈtoʊ.pi.ə/ /dɪs.ˈtəʊ.pi.ə/ /dɪsˈtɐʉpiə/ dystopia dystopiae dystopias n
dystopie contre-utopie
A vision of a future that is a corrupted (usually beyond recognition) utopian society.

dystopian /dɪs.ˈtoʊ.pi.ən/ more dystopian most dystopian adj
dystopique contre-utopique contre-utopiste dystopiste
Of or pertaining to a dystopia.

dystrophin dystrophins n
dystrophine

dystrophy /ˈdɪstɹəfi/ dystrophies n
dystrophie
A wasting of body tissues, of either genetic origin or due to inadequate or defective nutrition.

dzhigit dzhigits n
djiguite
A skilled horseman in the Caucasus and Central Asia.
(Caucasus, Central Asia) A brave man in general.

dzud /(d)zuːd/ dzuds n
dzud
An ecological crisis in the steppe-land of Mongolia and Central Asia causing loss of livestock, typically a summer drought followed by a severe winter.

décolletage /dɪˈkɒlətɑːʒ/ décolletages n
décolleté décolletage
A low neckline on a woman's dress, especially one that reveals or emphasizes her cleavage.
The portion of a woman's body that is revealed by a low neckline; the upper chest, as well, sometimes, as the neck, and shoulders.

déjà vu /ˌdeɪ.ʒɑː ˈvuː/ n
déjà-vu
Loosely or humorously, anything one has done before or is being repeated.

département départements n
département
An administrative unit in various French-speaking countries, smaller than a région, similar to an English county.

détente /deɪˈtɑnt/ /deɪˈtɒnt/ /dɪˈtɑnt/ détentes n
détente
(chiefly, _, politics) A relaxing of tension, especially between countries.

e /eɪ/ /iː/ /ə/ /ɛ/ /ɪ/ /ˈiː/ pronoun
e
(rare, epicene, nonstandard) A gender-neutral third-person singular subject pronoun, equivalent to the singular they and coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.

e pluribus unum proverb
de plusieurs, un un à partir de plusieurs
"out of many, one" or "from many, one" (alternatively translated as "one out of many" or "one from many”)

e-banking n
homebanking
(banking) Banking carried out electronically, as for example over the Internet.

e-bike /ˈiː.baɪk/ e-bikes n
vélo à assistance électrique
(informal) A bicycle powered by an electric motor

e-book e-books n
livre électronique livre numérique livrel
Electronic book, a book published in electronic form.

e-card e-cards n
e-carte
A computerized greeting card, typically hosted on a website to which the recipient is directed by an email message.

e-commerce n
commerce électronique vente en ligne
(Internet, business) Commercial activity conducted via the Internet.

e-dictionary e-dictionaries n
dictionnaire électronique
A dictionary in electronic form (software or hardware).

e-grade n
degré plein

e-learning n
e-learning formation en ligne téléformation
Learning conducted via electronic media, especially via the Internet.

e-mail address e-mail addresses n
adresse de courrier électronique adresse mail adresse courriel adresse e-mail adresse électronique adresse de messagerie
A unique identifier of the form user name@domain name specifying a virtual location to which e-mail can be sent.

e-paper n
papiel papier électronique

e-reader e-readers n
liseuse e-reader
A hardware device used to read e-books.

e-scooter e-scooters n
trottinette électrique

e-sport e-sports n
jeu video de competition

e-sports n
e-sport e-sports
Short for electronic sports, the competitive play of video games as a commercial spectator sport.

e-ticket e-tickets n
e-ticket
A virtual ticket, especially for a flight, that is issued electronically.

e-wallet e-wallets n
porte-monnaie électronique portefeuille électronique
(finance) An electronic data store for a customer's e-money, credit card details, etc.

e.g. /fɔɹ‿ɪɡˈzæmpəl/ /fɔːɹ‿ɪɡˈzɑːmpəl/ /ˌiˈd͡ʒi/ /ˌiːˈdʒiː/ adv
par ex.
An initialism used to introduce an illustrative example or short list of examples: for the sake of an example; for example.

eBay pn
eBay
A popular Internet auction website.

eGovernment n
administration électronique
The use of information technologies in order to enhance the access to and the delivery of government information and services to the public and to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and/or the quality of government operations.

ePrix /iːˈpɹiː/ ePrix n
eprix
An electric grand prix, a motor race with electric-powered vehicles.

ea. adv
ch.
each

each /it͡ʃ/ /iːt͡ʃ/ adv
chacun
For one; apiece; per.

each /it͡ʃ/ /iːt͡ʃ/ determiner
chaque chacun
All; every; qualifying a singular noun, indicating all examples of the thing so named seen as individual or separate items (compare every).

each other /iˈtʃʌðɚ/ /iːˈtʃʌðə/ pronoun
l'un l'autre les uns les autres
(reciprocal pronoun) To one another; one to the other; signifies that a verb applies to two or more entities both as subjects and as direct objects:

eager /ˈiɡɚ/ /ˈiːɡə/ /ˈɪɡə/ /ˈɪɡɚ/ eagerer eagerest more eager most eager adj
enthousiaste désireux impatient
(comptheory) Not employing lazy evaluation; calculating results immediately, rather than deferring calculation until they are required.

eagerly /ˈiɡɚli/ /ˈiːɡəli/ more eagerly most eagerly adv
avidement
In an eager manner.

eagle /ˈiːɡəl/ /ˈɪɡəl/ eagles n
aigle
Any of several large carnivorous and carrion-eating birds in the family Accipitridae, having a powerful hooked bill and keen vision.
(historical, numismatics) A 13th-century coin minted in Europe and circulated in England as a debased sterling silver penny, outlawed under Edward I of England.
eagle
(golf) A score of two under par for a hole.

eagle /ˈiːɡəl/ /ˈɪɡəl/ v
réussir un aigle
(golf) To score an eagle.

eagle eye eagle eyes n
œil de lynx
(figuratively) Someone with a keen eye for detail.

eagle owl /ˈiːɡəl ˈɑʊl/ eagle owls n
grand duc hibou
Any of various Old World large owls of the genus Bubo, especially the Eurasian eagle owl, Bubo bubo, that have prominent ear tufts.

eagle-eyed more eagle-eyed most eagle-eyed adj
œil de lynx
Having great visual acuity, especially the ability to see at a distance.

eaglehawk eaglehawks n
uraète
(AU) Any large bird of prey, especially the wedge-tailed eagle, Aquila audax.

eaglet eaglets n
aiglon aiglette
The immature young of an eagle; an eagle chick.

ear /iə̯/ /ɪə̯/ /ɪɚ/ /ˈiɹ/ [iːə̯] [ɪə̯~eə̯] [ɪə̯~ɪɐ̯] [ɪː] ears n
oreille
(countable) The organ of hearing, consisting of the pinna, auditory canal, eardrum, malleus, incus, stapes and cochlea.
(countable) The external part of the organ of hearing, the auricle.
The sense of hearing; the perception of sounds; skill or good taste in listening to music.
épi
(countable) The fruiting body of a grain plant.
balance indic mouchard
(countable, slang) A police informant.

ear /iə̯/ /ɪə̯/ /ɪɚ/ /ˈiɹ/ [iːə̯] [ɪə̯~eə̯] [ɪə̯~ɪɐ̯] [ɪː] v
monter en épi épier
(intransitive) To put forth ears in growing; to form ears, as grain does.
labourer
(archaic) To plough.

ear canal ear canals n
conduit auditif
(anatomy) The tube or meatus running from the outer ear to the eardrum through which sound enters.

ear lobe ear lobes n
lobe
The fleshy patch of skin below the ear tuft of a chicken.

ear tag ear tags n
étiquette d'oreille
(agriculture) A tag attached to the ear of an animal (usually a farm animal) to identify ownership.

ear to the ground ears to the ground n
rester à l'écoute être à l'écoute
(attributively, usually, hyphenated) Pursuing the practice or having the characteristic of carefully gathering information; well-informed.

earache /ˈiɹeɪk/ /ˈɪə̯ɹeɪk/ earaches n
otalgie
(medicine) A pain in the middle or inner ear.

earbone earbones n
osselet de l'ouïe
(anatomy) Any bone in the ear.

earbud /ˈiɹ.bʌd/ earbuds n
écouteur
A small earphone designed to be placed in the ear canal for use with portable sound systems.

eardrum /ˈiɚˌdɹʌm/ /ˈɪəˌdɹʌm/ eardrums n
tympan
(anatomy) A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and transmits sound from the air to the malleus.

earl /ɜːl/ /ɝl/ earls n
comte earl
(nobility) A British or Irish nobleman next in rank above a viscount and below a marquess; equivalent to a European count. A female using the style is termed a countess.

earless seal earless seals n
phoque
Any of the seals in the taxonomic family Phocidae characterized by lacking external ear flaps; true seals.

earlier /ˈɜː.lɪə/ /ˈɝliɚ/ adv
plus tôt
previously; before now; sooner

early /ˈɜɹli/ /ˈɜːli/ earlier earliest adj
tôt de bonne heure précoce
At a time in advance of the usual or expected event.
en avance précoce
Arriving a time before expected; sooner than on time.
ancien précoce
Near the start or beginning.
précoce
Having begun to occur; in its early stages.

early /ˈɜɹli/ /ˈɜːli/ earlier earliest adv
tôt de bonne heure avance
At a time before expected; sooner than usual.

early bird early birds n
lève-tôt
(idiomatic) A person who wakes early or arrives early, typically before most others.

early childhood early childhoods n
petite enfance
(mostly, uncountable, psychiatry, sociology) A stage in human development, generally including toddlerhood and some time afterwards.

early retiree early retirees n
préretraité préretraitée
Someone who's on early retirement.

early retirement early retirements n
préretraite retraite anticipée
retirement before the ordinary legal retirement age

early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise proverb
coucher de poule et lever de corbeau écartent l'homme du tombeau
A person who goes to bed early and wakes up early will lead a more successful life.

earmark v
allouer réserver
(transitive, by extension) To specify or set aside for a particular purpose, to allocate.

earmuff earmuffs n
cache-oreilles
A garment to keep the ears warm.
casque anti-bruit casque antibruit
A sound-deadening cup or a pair of such cups worn over the ear or ears.

earmuffs n
cache-oreilles
A headphone-like device designed to cover a person's ears for protection against cold or noise. They consist of a thermoplastic or metal head-band, that fits over the top of the head, and a pad at each end, to cover the external ears.

earn /ɜːn/ /ɝn/ v
mériter gagner
(transitive) To gain (success, reward, recognition) through applied effort or work.
gagner mériter
(transitive) To receive payment for work.
(intransitive) To receive payment for work.
mériter
(transitive) To cause (someone) to receive payment or reward.
(transitive) To achieve by being worthy of.

earnest /ˈɜː.nɪst/ /ˈɝ.nɪst/ earnester earnestest more earnest most earnest adj
ardent
Intent; focused; showing a lot of concentration.
sérieux grave
Serious; weighty; of a serious, weighty, or important nature; important.

earnest /ˈɜː.nɪst/ /ˈɝ.nɪst/ n
gravité sérieux
Gravity; serious purpose; earnestness.

earnest money earnest moneys n
arrhes
(chiefly, US) Money paid as a deposit to show intent to buy or to reserve an item to be purchased; especially, money accompanying an offer to buy real estate.

earnestly /ˈɜːnɪstli/ /ˈɝnɪstli/ more earnestly most earnestly adv
sérieusement
In an earnest manner; being very sincere; putting forth genuine effort.

earnings n
revenus
Wages, money earned, income.

earphone /ˈɪə(ɹ)fəʊn/ earphones n
écouteur
A transducer that converts electric signals into sound and is held near the ear, especially as part of a telephone; an earpiece or headphone.

earphones n
écouteurs
A pair of small loudspeakers worn inside each outer ear or covering all or part of the ear, without a connecting band worn over head.

earpick earpicks n
cure-oreille
An instrument for removing earwax from the ear.

earplug earplugs n
bouchon d’oreille
A piece of protective gear meant to be inserted in the ear canal to protect the wearer's hearing from loud noises or the intrusion of water.

earring /ˈɪəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɪɹɪŋ/ earrings n
boucle d'oreille
A piece of jewelry worn on the ear.

ears are burning phraseologicalUnit
avoir les oreilles qui sifflent

earshot /ˈɪəˌʃɒt/ /ˈɪɹˌʃɑt/ earshots n
portée de voix
A distance from which sound is still audible.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ earths n
terre sol
(uncountable) Soil.
terre
(uncountable) Any general rock-based material.
The ground, land (as opposed to the sky or sea).
(British) A connection electrically to the earth ((US) ground); on equipment: a terminal connected in that manner.
The world of our current life (as opposed to heaven or an afterlife).
(alchemy, philosophy, and, Taoism) The aforementioned soil- or rock-based material, considered one of the four or five classical elements.
terrier
The lair or den (as a hole in the ground) of an animal such as a fox.

earth /ɜːθ/ /ɜθ/ /ɝθ/ /ɵːθ/ v
mettre à la terre relier à la terre
(UK, transitive) To connect electrically to the earth.
enterrer
(transitive) To hide, or cause to hide, in the earth; to chase into a burrow or den.

earth science earth sciences n
science de la terre géoscience
Any of the sciences dealing with the planet Earth, such as geology and meteorology.

earthbound more earthbound most earthbound adj
terre-à-terre
(figuratively) Unimaginative or mundane.

earthenware /ˈəːθ(ə)nwɛː/ earthenwares n
poterie
(ceramics, often, attributive) An opaque, semi-porous ceramic made from clay and other compounds.

earthly /ˈəːθli/ earthlier earthliest adj
terrestre
Relating to the earth or this world, as opposed to heaven; terrestrial.

earthly branch earthly branches n
branche terrestre
One of the twelve terms used in East Asian cultures to represent

earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ /ˈɝθkweɪk/ earthquakes n
tremblement de terre séisme
A shaking of the ground, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults. [from 14th c.]
(planetary geology) Such a quake specifically occurring on the planet Earth, as opposed to other celestial bodies. [from 20th c.]

earthshine /ˈɜː(ɹ)θʃaɪn/ n
clair de Terre lumière cendrée
(astronomy) Reflected earthlight visible on the Moon's night side.

earthworm earthworms n
ver de terre lombric lèche
A worm that lives in the ground.

earwax n
cérumen
(medicine, pathology) A waxy substance secreted by the ear.

earwig /ˈɪə(ɹ)wɪɡ/ earwigs n
perce-oreille forficule
Any of various insects of the order Dermaptera that have elongated bodies, large membranous wings folded underneath short leathery forewings and a pair of large pincers protruding from the rear of the abdomen.

earwitness /-wɪtnɪs/ /ˈɪə̯wɪtnəs/ /ˈɪɹwɪtnəs/ earwitnesses n
témoin auriculaire
A witness who gives evidence of what he or she has heard. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ease /iz/ /iːz/ n
facilité
Skill, dexterity, facility.
repos
Followed by of or from: release from or reduction of pain, hardship, or annoyance.
Release from constraint, obligation, or a constrained position.

ease /iz/ /iːz/ v
soulager abaisser abréger amoindrir
(transitive) To alleviate, assuage or lessen (pain).

ease up v
lâcher du lest
(informal, intransitive) To become more relaxed or less demanding.
lever le pied
(informal, intransitive) To reduce one's speed.

easel /ˈi.zəl/ /ˈiː.z(ə)l/ easels n
chevalet
An upright frame, typically on three legs, for displaying or supporting something, such as an artist's canvas.

easement /ˈizmənt/ /ˈiːzm(ə)nt/ easements n
servitude
(law) An interest in land which grants the legal right to use another person's real property (real estate), generally in order to cross a part of the property or to gain access to something on the property (right of way).

easier said than done adj
plus facile à dire qu’à faire
(idiomatic) Easy to propose, but difficult to accomplish.

easily /ˈi.zə.li/ /ˈiː.zɪ.li/ easilier easiliest more easily most easily adv
facilement
Without difficulty.
(colloquial, not comparable) Absolutely, without question.

easiness /ˈiːzɪnəs/ easinesses n
facilité simplicité
The state or quality of being easy (in various senses). particularly:

east /iːst/ adj
à [[l']]est
Situated or lying in or towards the east; eastward.
de [[l']]est
(meteorology) Blowing (as wind) from the east.
Of or pertaining to the east; eastern.
oriental orientale
From the East; oriental.

east /iːst/ adv
vers l
towards the east; eastwards

east /iːst/ easts n
est levant orient
The direction of the earth's rotation, specifically 90°.
The eastern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the altar and chancel; the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

east by north n
est-quart-nord-est
The compass point halfway between east and east-northeast, specifically 78.75°.

east by south n
est-quart-sud-est
The compass point halfway between east and east-southeast, specifically 101.25°, abbreviated as EbS.

east-northeast n
est-nord-est
The compass point halfway between northeast and east; specifically at a bearing of 67.5°.

east-southeast n
est-sud-est
The compass point halfway between east and southeast; specifically at a bearing of 112.5°.

eastern /ˈi.stɚn/ /ˈiː.stən/ more eastern most eastern adj
oriental
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the east.

eastern Orphean warbler eastern Orphean warblers n
fauvette orphéane
Sylvia crassirostris, an Old World warbler. Now sometimes Curruca crassirostris.

eastern buzzard eastern buzzards n
buse du Japon
A species of buzzard, Buteo japonicus, similar to the common buzzard, but with less variability in plumage and smaller dark carpal spots, and with usually dark-brown upperparts, pale nearly-white underparts, and darkish primaries.

eastern gorilla eastern gorillas n
gorille de l'Est

eastern imperial eagle eastern imperial eagles n
aigle impérial
Aquila heliaca, a large bird of prey that breeds in southeastern Europe and extensively through Western and Central Asia.

eastern olivaceous warbler eastern olivaceous warblers n
hypolaïs pâle
Iduna pallida, an Old World warbler, mainly found in the northern Afrotropics and winters in southeastern Europe, the Middle East and adjacent western Asia.

eastern redbud eastern redbuds n
gainier du Canada
Cercis canadensis, a tree native to the southeastern, midwestern, and south central United States and parts of northern Mexico.

eastern yellow wagtail eastern yellow wagtails n
bergeronette de Béringie
Motacilla tschutschensis, a small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae native to East Asia

easterner easterners n
Oriental
A native or inhabitant of the east of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as one of the eastern United States.

easternize v
orientaliser
(transitive) To make eastern in character.

easy /ˈizi/ /ˈiːzi/ easier easiest more easy most easy adj
facile aisé simple fastoche
Requiring little skill or effort.
facile
(informal, pejorative, of a woman) Consenting readily to sex.

easy as pie adj
simple comme bonjour
(simile, colloquial) Very easy.

easy chair easy chairs n
fauteuil
A comfortable chair, often well upholstered; a lounge chair.

easy does it phraseologicalUnit
d'une main légère doucement
(idiomatic) Relax; do something gently, lightly or carefully; slow down; calm down.

easy listening n
easy listening
A genre of music characterized by simple and laid-back melodies.

easy on the eyes more easy on the eyes most easy on the eyes adj
pas désagréable à regarder pas moche
(idiomatic) Physically attractive; beautiful.

easy peasy adj
les doigts dans le nez simple comme Baptiste simple comme bonjour

easygoing more easygoing most easygoing adj
sympathique
(of a person) Calm, relaxed, casual and informal.

eat /it/ /iːt/ v
manger
(copulative, intransitive) To have a particular quality of diet; to be well-fed or underfed (typically as "eat healthy" or "eat good").
manger bouffer
To ingest; to be ingested.
bouffer ronger
(transitive, informal) To cause (someone) to worry.

eat crow v
admettre son erreur aller à Canossa faire amende honorable reconnaître son erreur venir à Canossa
(chiefly, US, idiomatic) To recognize that one has been shown to be mistaken or outdone, especially by admitting that one has made a humiliating error.

eat humble pie v
manger son chapeau
(idiomatic, intransitive) To admit one's faults; to make a humiliating apology.

eat like a bird v
manger comme un moineau
(colloquial, simile) To eat in small amounts rather than in a single full meal.

eat like a horse v
manger comme quatre manger comme un ogre
(colloquial, simile) To eat large amounts of food. (The term connotes large quantity but not gluttony or sloppiness.)

eat my shorts /ˈiːt maɪ ˈʃɔːɹts/ phraseologicalUnit
mange de la crotte va chier va te faire shampooiner va te faire shampouiner
(idiomatic, chiefly, US, vulgar) An irreverent rebuke or dismissal.

eat one's fill v
manger à sa faim
To eat to one's satisfaction, until full. (This entry is a translation hub.)

eat one's hat v
manger son chapeau
(idiomatic) Used in a result clause to express disbelief in a proposition expressed in a conditional clause.

eat one's heart out v
se ronger le cœur
(idiomatic) To feel overwhelming sorrow, jealousy, or longing; to grieve.

eat one's words v
se rétracter
(figuratively) To regret or retract what one has said.

eat out /it aʊt/ v
aller au restaurant
(intransitive) To dine at a restaurant or such public place.
bouffer la chatte bouffer le cul
(transitive, slang, vulgar) To perform cunnilingus or anilingus on.

eat out of someone's hand v
manger dans la main
(idiomatic) To behave in a docile, submissive way towards someone.

eat pussy v
bouffer la chatte brouter le gazon coller les timbres à la cave faire minette
(vulgar, slang) To perform cunnilingus.

eat shit interjection
va chier
(idiomatic, vulgar) An expression of discontent or aggravation to another party.

eat the rich phraseologicalUnit
mangeons les riches
(slang, politics, idiomatic) An expression of contempt towards capitalism and the rich, demanding an equitable redistribution of wealth.

eat up v
dévorer
(ambitransitive) To consume completely.

eater /ˈiː.tə/ /ˈiː.tɚ/ eaters n
mangeur
A person or animal who eats.

eatery /ˈiːtəɹi/ eateries n
resto
(informal) A restaurant or café; a place to purchase and eat food.

eating /ˈitɪŋ/ /ˈiːtɪŋ/ [ˈiɾɪŋ] eatings n
bouffe manger
The act of ingesting food.

eating disorder eating disorders n
trouble des conduites alimentaires
Any psychological disorder characterized by abnormal eating habits.

eau de toilette /ˌəʊ də twɑːˈlɛt/ eau de toilettes eaus de toilette eaux de toilette n
eau de toilette
(cosmetics) A lightly scented perfume to freshen the skin, usually applied directly to the skin after bathing or shaving.

eaves /ivz/ /iːvz/ n
corniche avant-toit
(architectural element) The underside of a roof that extends beyond the external walls of a building.

eavesdrop /ˈivzˌdɹɑp/ /ˈiːvzˌdɹɒp/ eavesdrops n
chéneau
The space around a house on which such water drips.

eavesdrop /ˈivzˌdɹɑp/ /ˈiːvzˌdɹɒp/ v
être aux écoutes écouter discrètement écouter secrètement
(ambitransitive) To hear (intentionally) a conversation one is not intended to hear; to listen in.

eavesdropping eavesdroppings n
écoute clandestine
(telecommunication) The interception of electronic communication.

eavestrough eavestroughs n
gouttière
(Canada, Upper Midwest US, Western US) A trough under the eaves of a building for draining water from the roof; gutter.

ebb /ɛb/ ebbs n
reflux jusant
The receding movement of the tide.

ebb /ɛb/ v
refluer décliner
(intransitive) to fall away or decline

ebb and flow ebbs and flows n
flux et reflux
The flowing out and in of the tide.

ebb tide ebb tides n
jusant marée descendante reflux
The period between high tide and the next low tide in which the sea is receding.

ebonite /ˈɛb.əˌnaɪt/ ebonites n
ébonite
The relatively hard product of vulcanizing natural rubber with sulfur; vulcanite.

ebony /ˈɛb.ən.i/ more ebony most ebony adj
[[d']]ébène ébène
Made of ebony wood.

ebony /ˈɛb.ən.i/ ebonies n
ébène bois d'ébène ébénier
(countable) A tree that yields such wood.
ébène
(countable, and, uncountable) A deep, dark black colour.

ebullience /-ˈbəl-/ /-ˈbʌl-/ /ɪˈbʊl.i.əns/ /ɪˈbʊl.jəns/ ebulliences n
ébullition
A boiling or bubbling up; an ebullition.
joie de vivre
(figuratively) The quality of enthusiastic or lively expression of feelings and thoughts.

eccentric /ɛkˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ɪkˈsɛntɹɪk/ more eccentric most eccentric adj
excentrique
Not at or in the centre; away from the centre.
Not perfectly circular; elliptical.
Having a different center; not concentric.
(physiology, of a motion) Against or in the opposite direction of contraction of a muscle (such as results from flexion of the lower arm (bending of the elbow joint) by an external force while contracting the triceps and other elbow extensor muscles to control that movement; opening of the jaw while flexing the masseter).

eccentric /ɛkˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ɪkˈsɛntɹɪk/ eccentrics n
excentrique
One who does not behave like others.

eccentricity /ˌɛk.sɛnˈtɹɪs.ɪ.ti/ [ˌɛk.sənˈtɹɪs.ə.ɾi] eccentricities n
excentricité
The quality of being eccentric or odd; any eccentric behaviour.
(mathematics) The ratio, constant for any particular conic section, of the distance of a point from the focus to its distance from the directrix.
(astronomy) The eccentricity of the conic section (usually an ellipse) defined by the orbit of a given object around a reference object (such as that of a planet around the sun).

ecchi ecchi n
ecchi

ecchymosis /ˌɛk.ɪˈmoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌɛk.ɪˈməʊ.sɪs/ ecchymoses n
ecchymose
A skin discoloration caused by bleeding underneath the skin, especially one that is remote from a site of trauma or caused by a nontraumatic process (such as neoplasia).

ecclesiastic /əkliziˈæstɪk/ more ecclesiastic most ecclesiastic adj
ecclésiastique
Of or pertaining to the church; ecclesiastical.

ecclesiastical /əˈkliː.ziˌæ.stɪ.kəl/ /əˌkli.ziˈæ.stə.kəl/ more ecclesiastical most ecclesiastical adj
ecclésiastique
Of or pertaining to the church.

ecclesiologist ecclesiologists n
ecclésiologiste ecclésiologue
A specialist in ecclesiology.

ecclesiology ecclesiologies n
ecclésiologie
The branch of theology concerned with the doctrines, role etc. of a church.

ecdysteroid ecdysteroids n
ecdystéroïde
(organic compound, biochemistry) Any of a group of hormones responsible for moulting in insects and other functions in other invertebrates and plants.

echelon /ˈeɪ-/ /ˈɛk.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.əˌlɑn/ echelons n
échelon
A level or rank in an organization, profession, or society.
(military) A formation of troops, ships, etc., in diagonal parallel rows. [from late 18th c.]

echelon /ˈeɪ-/ /ˈɛk.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.ə.lɒn/ /ˈɛʃ.əˌlɑn/ v
échelonner
(transitive, military) To form troops into an echelon.

echidna /əˈkɪdnə/ echidnae echidnas n
échidné
Any of the species of small spined monotremes in family Tachyglossidae, the four extant species of which are found in Australia and southern New Guinea.

echinococcosis echinococcoses n
échinococcose
(diseases) A potentially fatal parasitic disease of animals and humans, caused by the Echinococcus tapeworm.

echinococcus /ɪˌkaɪ.nəˈkɑk.əs/ echinococci n
échinocoque
(zoology) A parasite of humans and of many domestic and wild animals, the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, that forms compound cysts or tumours (called hydatid cysts) in various organs, but especially in the liver and lungs.

echinoderm echinoderms n
échinoderme
An animal of the phylum Echinodermata, comprising radially symmetric, spiny-skinned marine animals including seastars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, crinoids, and sand dollars. [from 19th c.]

echinofauna echinofaunas n
échinofaune

echo /ˈɛkoʊ/ /ˈɛkəʊ/ echoes echos n
écho
A reflected sound that is heard again by its initial observer.

echo chamber echo chambers n
chambre réverbérante
A room or other enclosed space that is highly conducive to the production of echoes, particularly one that has been designed and built for this purpose.
chambre d'écho écho
(music production) A sound effect that may be applied to live or recorded sounds through a sound editing process, which creates the impression that the sounds originated in an enclosed space which was conducive to producing echoes or echoing.
chambre d'échos
(by extension) An environment in which a person is exposed to only those beliefs and opinions that agree with their own, so that their existing views are magnified and reinforced while alternative ideas are not expressed or considered.

echo sounder echo sounders n
échosondeur
A sonar device used for echo sounding

echo sounding echo soundings n
échosondage

echocardiogram echocardiograms n
échocardiogramme
(medicine) The visual image formed by an echocardiograph.

echocardiography echocardiographies n
échocardiographie
(medicine) The use of ultrasound to produce images of the heart.

echogram echograms n
échogramme

echograph echographs n
échographe

echographer echographers n
échographiste

echographic adj
échographique

echography n
échographie
(medicine) The use of ultrasound as a diagnostic aid.

echolalia /ˌɛkoʊˈleɪliə/ /ˌɛkə(ʊ)ˈleɪlɪə/ echolalias n
écholalie
(clinical psychology, autism) The involuntary repetitive echoing of words or phrases spoken by another person; either immediate or delayed.

echolalic adj
écholalique
(clinical psychology) Of or pertaining to echolalia.

echolocation /ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/ echolocations n
écholocalisation écholocation
The use of echoes to detect objects as observed in bats and other natural creatures. Also known as biosonar.

eclaircissement /eɪˌklɛə(ɹ)siːsˈmɒ̃n/ eclaircissements n
éclaircissement
An explanation of something obscure or unknown; clarification, enlightenment. [from 17th c.]

eclampsia /ɪˈklæmp.si.ə/ eclampsias n
éclampsie
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy characterized by seizures and coma due to hypertension.

eclatant more eclatant most eclatant adj
éclatant
(rare) Impressive, brilliant, striking, convincing.

eclectic /ɛkˈlɛk.tɪk/ /ɪˈklɛk.tɪk/ more eclectic most eclectic adj
éclectique
Selecting a mixture of what appears to be best of various doctrines, methods or styles.
de bric et de broc disparate hétéroclite hétérogène
Unrelated and unspecialized; heterogeneous.

eclipse /iˈklɪps/ /ɪˈklɪps/ eclipses n
éclipse
Especially, an alignment whereby a planetary object (for example, the Moon) comes between the Sun and another planetary object (for example, the Earth), resulting in a shadow being cast by the middle planetary object onto the other planetary object.

eclipse /iˈklɪps/ /ɪˈklɪps/ v
éclipser
(transitive) Of astronomical or atmospheric bodies, to cause an eclipse.
(transitive, figurative) To overshadow; to be better or more noticeable than.

ecliptic /ɪˈklɪp.tɪk/ ecliptics n
écliptique
(astronomy) The plane in which this great circle lies.

eclogue eclogues n
églogue
A pastoral poem, often in the form of a shepherd's monologue or a dialogue between shepherds.

eco- /ˈiːkəʊ/ /ˈɛkoʊ/ prefix
éco-
ecology or the environment (in the ecological sense)

eco-region eco-regions n
écorégion
A region, smaller than an ecozone, that contains a distinct biodiversity of flora and fauna.

eco-responsible more eco-responsible most eco-responsible adj
écoresponsable

ecochemistry n
écochimie

ecocide /ˈiːkəʊsaɪd/ ecocides n
écocide
The complete destruction of an ecosystem due to human activities, such as due to exploitation of resources, nuclear warfare, or the dumping of harmful chemicals.

ecoclimatic adj
écoclimatique
Relating to an ecoclimate

ecodistrict ecodistricts n
écoquartier

ecofascism n
écofascisme écototalitarisme
The combination of fascist politics with support for ecological concerns.

ecofeminism ecofeminisms n
écoféminisme éco-féminisme
A sociopolitical movement combining feminism and environmentalism.

ecofeminist more ecofeminist most ecofeminist adj
éco-féministe écoféministe
Of or relating to ecofeminism.

ecofeminist ecofeminists n
éco-féministe écoféministe
One who subscribes to ecofeminism.

ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ more ecological most ecological adj
écologique
Relating to ecology, the interrelationships of organisms and their environment.

ecological footprint ecological footprints n
empreinte écologique
A measure of how much biologically productive land and water area an individual, population or activity requires to produce all the resources it consumes and to absorb the waste it generates using prevailing technology and resource management practices.

ecologically more ecologically most ecologically adv
écologiquement
In an ecological manner.

ecologism n
écologisme
An ideology focusing on ecology and the environment.

ecologist /iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ ecologists n
écologiste écologue
A scholar of ecology.

ecologization ecologizations n
écologisation
The application of ecological methods

ecology /iˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˈkɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ecologies n
écologie
(biology) The branch of biology dealing with the relationships of organisms with their environment and with each other.

ecomuseum ecomuseums n
écomusée
A museum, often consisting of replica buildings in an outdoor setting, that shows the heritage of a particular locality or community

ecomusicology ecomusicologies n
écomusicologie
(music) The study of music, culture, and nature, related to ecology and the natural environment. A mixture of the fields of ecocriticism and musicology.

econometrics /ɪˌkɑ.nəˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɒn.əˈmɛt.ɹɪks/ /ɪˌkɔn.əˈmet.ɹɪks/ n
économétrie
(economics) The branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationships.

economic /ˌekəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌikəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌiːkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌiːkəˈnɔmɪk/ /ˌɛkɔˈnɒmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪk/ more economic most economic adj
économique
Pertaining to an economy.
Frugal; cheap (in the sense of representing good value); economical.
Pertaining to the study of money and its movement.

economic crisis economic crises n
crise économique
A crisis caused by the general demand for goods within an economy falling below their supply, either temporarily or on a protracted basis, typically resulting in widespread bankruptcies of unproductive businesses and falling prices.

economic growth economic growths n
croissance économique croissance
(economics) The growth of the economic output of a country.

economic migrant economic migrants n
migrant économique
A person who emigrates from one region to another to seek an improvement in living standards.

economic refugee economic refugees n
réfugié économique
A person fleeing poverty rather than political persecution or the results of a natural disaster.

economical /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪkəl/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪkəl/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪkəl/ more economical most economical adj
économe
Careful with money so as not to spend too much; prudent; thrifty.
économique
Saving money or resources.

economics /ˌikəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks/ /ˌɛkəˈnɒmɪks/ n
économie science économique
(social sciences) The study of resource allocation, distribution and consumption; of capital and investment; and of management of the factors of production.

economies of scale n
économies d'échelle
(economics) The characteristics of a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit.

economism economisms n
économisme
(Leninism) Working class political action that makes purely economic demands

economist /iːˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mɪst/ /ɪˈkɔn.ə.mɪst/ economists n
économiste
An expert in economics, especially one who studies economic data and extracts higher-level information or proposes theories.

economize /iˈkɑnəmaɪz/ /iˈkɒnəmaɪz/ v
économiser épargner
(intransitive) To practice being economical (by using things sparingly or in moderation, and by avoiding waste or extravagance).

economy /iːˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /iːˈkɒn.ə.mi/ /əˈkɑ.nə.mi/ /ɪˈkɑ.nə.mi/ economies n
économie
(obsolete) System of management; general regulation and disposition of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any department of government.
Frugal use of resources.
The system of production and distribution and consumption. The overall measure of a currency system; as the national economy.

ecophysiology ecophysiologies n
écophysiologie

ecosophy ecosophies n
écosophie

ecosphere ecospheres n
écosphère
The portion of the atmosphere from sea-level to about 4000 meters in which it is possible to breathe without technological assistance.

ecosystem /ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm/ /ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/ ecosystems n
écosystème
A system formed by an ecological community and its environment that functions as a unit.

ecosystemic adj
écosystémique
Of or pertaining to an ecosystem

ecothriller ecothrillers n
éco-thriller
A thriller (suspenseful dramatic work) with an ecological theme.

ecotone /ˈiːkətəʊn/ ecotones n
écotone
A transition area between two adjacent ecological communities (ecosystems).

ecotourism /ˌikoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ /ˌiːkəʊˈtʊəɹɪz(ə)m/ /ˌɛkoʊˈtʊɹɪzəm/ ecotourisms n
écotourisme
Responsible (sustainable#Adjective) travel to natural areas supporting the fauna, flora, and local economy.

ecotype ecotypes n
écotype
(ecology) A phenotype that is adapted to a specific environment.

ecozone ecozones n
écozone
(biogeography) A large geographical region having a distinct biodiversity of flora and fauna.

ecstasy /ˈɛk.stə.si/ ecstasies n
extase
Intense pleasure.
A state of emotion so intense that a person is carried beyond rational thought and self-control.
A trance, frenzy, or rapture associated with mystic or prophetic exaltation.
ecstasy exta
(slang) The drug MDMA, a synthetic entactogen of the methylenedioxyphenethylamine family, especially in a tablet form.

ecstatic /ɛkˈstætɪk/ more ecstatic most ecstatic adj
extatique
Feeling or characterized by ecstasy.

ecto- /ɛktoʊ-/ prefix
ecto-

ectoblast ectoblasts n
ectoblaste
(dated, biology) The outer layer of the blastoderm; the ectoderm or epiblast.

ectoderm ectoderms n
ectoderme
(biology) Outermost of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal. Through development, it will produce the epidermis (skin) and nervous system of the adult.

ectomorph /ˈɛktoʊmɔːɹf/ /ˈɛktəmɔːɹf/ /ˈɛktəʊmɔːf/ ectomorphs n
ectomorphe
Someone with a lean, only slightly muscular body
(bodybuilding) : Theoretical body type in which a person has a high metabolism. Such a person can easily maintain a low fat physique, but does not add muscle or body weight easily.

ectopic pregnancy ectopic pregnancies n
grossesse extra-utérine
A pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is implanted in any tissue other than the uterine wall.

ectoplasm /ˈɛktəˌplæzəm/ ectoplasms n
ectoplasme
(parapsychology) A visible substance believed to emanate from the body of a spiritualistic medium during communication with the dead.
(parapsychology) An immaterial or ethereal substance, especially the transparent corporeal presence of a spirit or ghost.
(cytology) The outer granule-free layer of cytoplasm.

ectothermic adj
poïkilotherme à sang froid
(zoology) Of or relating to an ectotherm; having a body temperature that varies depending on the outside temperature.

ecu ecus n
écu
(historical) The European Currency Unit (symbol ₠), a currency used in the European Community before the euro.

ecumene /iːˈkjuː.mə.ni/ n
écoumène
(obsolete) All known inhabited areas of the world.

ecumenical /ˌiːk.jʊˈmɛ.nɪ.kəl/ /ˌɛk.jʊˈmɛ.nɪ.kəl/ more ecumenical most ecumenical adj
œcuménique
(ecclesiastical) Pertaining to the universal Church, representing the entire Christian world; interdenominational; sometimes by extension, interreligious. [from 16th c.]
(rare) General, universal, worldwide. [from 17th c.]

ecumenical council ecumenical councils n
concile œcuménique
(Christianity) A church council to which bishops from the entire world are invited, held by Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christians to be infallible in its decisions on faith and morals when certain conditions are met.

ecumenism ecumenisms n
œcuménisme
(philosophy) Ecumenical doctrines and practices, especially as manifested in the ecumenical movement.

ecumenopolis /ˌɛkjuːmɛˈnɒpəlɪs/ ecumenopoleis ecumenopoli ecumenopolises n
œcumenopole
(chiefly, science fiction) A city spanning an entire planet or large moon.

eczema /ɪɡˈzi.mə/ /ˈɛk.səm.ə/ /ˈɛk.sɪm.ə/ /ˈɛks.mə/ /ˈɛɡ.zəm.ə/ /ˈɛɡ.zɪm.ə/ /ˈɛɡz.mə/ eczemas eczemata n
eczéma exéma
(biology, medicine) A non-contagious acute or chronic inflammation of the skin, characterized by redness, itching, and the outbreak of oozing vesicular lesions which become encrusted and scaly.

eczematous /ɪɡˈzɛmətəs/ more eczematous most eczematous adj
eczémateux exémateux
Of, pertaining to or afflicted with eczema

edamame /ˌɛdəˈmɑːmeɪ/ edamames n
edamame
Fresh green soybeans boiled as a vegetable.

edaphic adj
édaphique
(geography) Relating to, or determined by, conditions of the soil, especially as it relates to biological systems.

edaphology n
édaphologie
The ecological relationship of soil with plants, and land cultivation practices.

eddy /ˈɛd.i/ eddies n
remous contre-courant
A current of air or water running back, or in an opposite direction to the main current.
tourbillon
A circular current; a whirlpool.

eddy current eddy currents n
courants de Foucault
(physics) An induced electric current formed within the body of a conductor when it is exposed to a time varying magnetic field; utilized in induction heating and in some braking and damping systems.

edelweiss edelweisses n
edelweiss édelweiss
A European perennial alpine plant (Leontopodium alpinum), with downy leaves and small white flower heads in a dense cluster.

edema /ɪˈdiː.mə/ edemas edemata n
œdème
(American spelling, pathology) An excessive accumulation of serum in tissue spaces or a body cavity.

edge /ɛd͡ʒ/ edges n
arête bord côté
(geometry) A one-dimensional face of a polytope. In particular, the joining line between two vertices of a polygon; the place where two faces of a polyhedron meet.
carre tranchant
(also, _, figuratively) The thin cutting side of the blade of an instrument, such as an ax, knife, sword, or scythe; that which cuts as an edge does, or wounds deeply, etc.
bord
A sharp terminating border; a margin; a brink; an extreme verge.

edgy /ˈɛd͡ʒi/ edgier edgiest adj
anxieux nerveux à cran
limite
(entertainment, advertising) On the edge between acceptable and offensive; pushing the boundaries of good taste; risqué.

edible /ˈedɪbəl/ /ˈɛdəbəl/ /ˈɛdɪbəl/ [ˈedɪbɫ̩] [ˈɛdəbɫ̩] [ˈɛdɪbɫ̩] more edible most edible adj
comestible mangeable
Capable of being eaten without harm; suitable for consumption; innocuous to humans.
mangeable
Capable of being eaten without disgust.

edible /ˈedɪbəl/ /ˈɛdəbəl/ /ˈɛdɪbəl/ [ˈedɪbɫ̩] [ˈɛdəbɫ̩] [ˈɛdɪbɫ̩] edibles n
comestible
Anything edible.

edible dormouse edible dormice n
Loir gris loir gris
The European dormouse, Glis glis, especially when considered as a food

edict /ˈiː.dɪkt/ edicts n
édit
A proclamation of law or other authoritative command.

edification /ˌɛdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ edifications n
édification
The act of edifying, or the state of being edified or improved; a building process, especially morally, emotionally, or spiritually
(archaic) A building or edifice.

edifice /ˈɛd.ɪ.fɪs/ edifices n
édifice
A building; a structure; an architectural fabric, especially a large and spectacular one.
école de pensée édifice
An abstract structure; a school of thought.

edify /ˈɛdɪfaɪ/ v
édifier
(transitive) To instruct or improve morally or intellectually.

edit /ˈɛdɪt/ [ˈɛɾɪʔt̚] edits n
correction modification
(computing) A change in the text of a file, a website or the code of software.

edit /ˈɛdɪt/ [ˈɛɾɪʔt̚] v
éditer modifier corriger monter rediger
To change a text, or a document.

edit conflict edit conflicts n
conflit de modification
(computing) An instance of two people trying to edit the same file or document simultaneously.

edit out v
couper au montage

edit war edit wars n
guerre d'édition
(WMF) A dispute over the content of a page on a wiki or other editable work where opposing editors continually change the page without discussion.

editability n
modifiabilité

editable adj
modifiable
Capable of being edited.

editing /ˈɛdɪtɪŋ/ editings n
rédaction
An act or instance of something being edited.

editio princeps editiones principes n
édition originale
(humanities, printing) The first printed edition of a work previously only published in manuscript form.

edition /əˈdɪʃən/ /ɪˈdɪʃən/ [ɪˈdɪʃ.n̩] editions n
édition
(publishing) A written work edited and published, as by a certain editor or in a certain manner, or at a certain time.
The whole number of copies of a work printed and published at one time.

editor /ˈɛ.ɾɪ.tɚ/ /ˈɛd.ɪ.tə/ [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.tɚ] [ˈɛˑ.ɾɪ.ɾɚ] editors n
rédacteur éditeur
A person who edits or makes changes to documents.
rédacteur correcteur lecteur-correcteur réviseur
A person who edited a specific document.
éditeur éditrice
A person at a newspaper, publisher or similar institution who edits stories and/or decides which ones to publish.
monteuse
A machine used for editing (cutting and splicing) movie film
éditeur
(computing) A program for creating and making changes to files, especially text files.
monteur monteuse
(television, cinematography) Someone who manipulates video footage and assembles it into the correct order etc for broadcast; a picture editor.

editor in chief editors in chief n
rédacteur en chef rédactrice en chef
The highest ranking editor on an editorial staff.

editorial /ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/ /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ adj
rédactionnel éditorial
Of or relating to an editor, editing or an editorial.

editorial /ˌɛdɪˈtɔɹiəl/ /ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/ editorials n
éditorial
An article in a publication giving the opinion of its editors on a given topic or current event.

editorial cartoon editorial cartoons n
dessin de presse
An illustration containing a commentary that usually relates to current events or personalities.

educable more educable most educable adj
éducable
Capable of being educated.

educate /ˈed͡ʒ.ɘˌkæet/ /ˈɛd.jʊˌkeɪt/ /ˈɛd͡ʒ.əˌkeɪt/ /ˈɛd͡ʒ.ʊˌkeɪt/ v
éduquer
(transitive) To instruct or train.

educated /ˈɛdjuːkeɪtɪd/ /ˈɛdʒəkeɪtɪd/ /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪɾɪd/ more educated most educated adj
cultivé
Having attained a level of higher education, such as a college degree.
averti avisé éclairé
Based on relevant information.

educated guess educated guesses n
approximation au pifomètre estimation éclairée hypothèse bien fondée hypothèse raisonnable hypothèse raisonnée
A well-informed guess or estimate based on experience or theoretical knowledge.

educatee educatees n
élève
Someone who is being educated.

education /ˌɛd.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/ educations n
éducation enseignement
(uncountable) The process of imparting knowledge, skill and judgment.
éducation
(countable) Facts, skills and ideas that have been learned, especially through formal instruction.

educational /ˌɛdjʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɛd͡ʒʊˈkeɪʃənəl/ more educational most educational adj
éducatif
Of, or relating to education.

educative more educative most educative adj
éducatif éducative
Serving to educate; educational.

educator /ˈɛdjʊkeɪtə/ /ˈɛdʒʊkeɪtə/ /ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/ educators n
éducateur éducatrice
A person distinguished for their educational work, a teacher.

educology n
éducologie
The fund of knowledge about the educational process, including theoretical, philosophical, and praxeological perspectives.

edulcorate v
édulcorer
(rare) To sweeten.

eek /ik/ /iːk/ interjection
hiii
Representing a scream or shriek (especially in comic strips and books).

eel /iːl/ eels n
anguille
Any freshwater or marine fish of the order Anguilliformes, which are elongated and resemble snakes.

eelgrass eelgrasses n
zostère marine

eelworm eelworms n
anguillule
A nematode, or roundworm, especially any that resemble small eels and feed on plants.

eeny, meeny, miny, moe n
ams tram gram
(playground games) A method of choosing between two or more people or things, used by children. A child points to each item in turn (or alternately), while saying a rhyme starting "Eeny, meeny, miney, moe", moving to the next item after each quarter-line (i.e. each word or pair of syllables). The item pointed to on the last word of the rhyme is the one chosen.

eerie /ˈɪəɹi/ /ˈɪɹi/ eeries n
craintif peureux sinistre timide étrange
Alternative form of eyrie
An eerie creature or thing.

eerily /ˈɪəɹɪli/ more eerily most eerily adv
sinistrement étrangement
In an eerie manner.

ef /ˈɛf/ efs n
effe
The name of the Latin-script letter F.

efface /əˈfeɪs/ /ɪˈfeɪs/ v
effacer
(transitive) To erase (as anything impressed or inscribed upon a surface); to render illegible or indiscernible.
(transitive) To cause to disappear as if by rubbing out or striking out.
s'effacer
(intransitive) To make oneself inobtrusive as if due to modesty or diffidence.

effacement effacements n
effacement
Withdrawal in order to make oneself inconspicuous; the making of oneself inconspicuous.

effect /iˈfɛkt/ /əˈfɛkt/ /ɪˈfekt/ /ɪˈfɛkt/ effects n
effet
(filmology, computer graphics, demoscene) An illusion produced by technical means (as in "special effect")
(sound engineering) An alteration, or device for producing an alteration, in sound after it has been produced by an instrument.
(physics, psychology, etc.) A scientific phenomenon, usually named after its discoverer.
effets
(usually, in the plural) Belongings, usually as personal effects.

effect /iˈfɛkt/ /əˈfɛkt/ /ɪˈfekt/ /ɪˈfɛkt/ v
effectuer
(transitive) To make or bring about; to implement.

effect size effect sizes n
taille d'effet
(statistics) A measure of the strength or magnitude of the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable in an experiment or a quasi-experiment.

effective /əˈfɛktɪv/ /ɪˈfɛktɪv/ more effective most effective adj
efficace effectif
Having the power to produce a required effect or effects.
efficace décisif
Producing a decided or decisive effect.
efficace
Efficient, serviceable, or operative, available for useful work.
en vigueur
Actually in effect.

effectively /ɪˈfɛktɪvli/ more effectively most effectively adv
efficacement
In an efficient or effective manner; with powerful effect.

effectiveness /əˈfɛk.tɪv.nəs/ /ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/ effectivenesses n
efficacité
The property of being effective, of achieving results.

effeminacy effeminacies n
efféminement
The quality of being effeminate.

effeminate /ɪˈfɛmɪneɪt/ /ɪˈfɛmɪnət/ more effeminate most effeminate adj
efféminé efféminée
(often, derogatory, of a man or boy) Exhibiting behaviour or mannerisms considered typical of a female; unmasculine.

effendi /ɛˈfɛndi/ effendis n
effendi éfendi
An educated or well-respected man in an eastern Mediterranean or Arab country; often used as a title of respect or courtesy in Turkey or a former Ottoman territory.

efferent /ˈɛ.fə.rənt/ /ˈɛ.fɜː.ənt/ adj
efférent
Carrying away from.

effervescence /ˌɛfə(ɹ)ˈvɛsəns/ effervescences n
effervescence
The escape of gas from solution in a liquid, especially the escape of carbon dioxide from a carbonated drink.

effervescent /ˌɛfəˈvɛsənt/ /ˌɛfɚˈvɛsənt/ more effervescent most effervescent adj
effervescent
(of a liquid) Giving off bubbles; fizzy.

effete /ɪˈfit/ /ɪˈfiːt/ more effete most effete adj
affaibli
Lacking strength or vitality; feeble, powerless, impotent.
décadent
Decadent, weak through self-indulgence.

efficacious /ˌef.əˈkæɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɛf.əˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɛf.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ more efficacious most efficacious adj
efficace
(formal) Effective; possessing efficacy. [from 1520s]

efficacy /ˈɛf.ɪ.kə.si/ efficacies n
efficacité efficience
Degree of ability to produce a desired effect; effectiveness.

efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃn̩si/ efficiencies n
efficacité
The extent to which time is well used for the intended task.
rendement
The extent to which a resource is used for the intended purpose; the ratio of useful work to energy expended.

efficient /əˈfɪʃənt/ /ɪˈfɪʃənt/ more efficient most efficient adj
efficace efficient
making good, thorough, or careful use of resources; not consuming extra. Especially, making good use of time or energy
efficace
expressing the proportion of consumed energy that was successfully used in a process; the ratio of useful output to total input

efficiently more efficiently most efficiently adv
efficacement
In an efficient manner.

effigy /ˈɛfəd͡ʒi/ effigies n
effigie
A dummy or other crude representation of a person, group or object that is hated.
A likeness of a person.

effloresce /-flɒ-/ /ˌɛfləˈɹɛs/ v
effleurir
Of a salt: to seep through some material (bricks, concrete, earth, rock, etc.) in a dissolved state, and then crystallize on a surface in a powdery form.

efflorescence /ˌɛfləˈɹɛsəns/ efflorescences n
efflorescence
(chemistry) The formation of a powdery surface on crystals, as a hydrate is converted to anhydrous form by losing loosely bound water of crystallization to the atmosphere.
(botany) The production of flowers.
(metaphorical) Rapid flowering of a culture or civilisation etc.
efflorescence irruption
(pathology) A redness, rash, or eruption on the skin.

effluence /ˈɛfluəns/ effluences n
effluence
The process of flowing out.

effluvium /ɪˈfluːvi.əm/ effluvia effluviums n
effluvium
A gaseous or vaporous emission, especially a foul-smelling one.

effort /ˈɛfət/ /ˈɛfɚt/ efforts n
effort
The work involved in performing an activity; exertion.

effortless adj
aisé sans effort
Without effort.

effortlessly /ˈɛf.ət.ləs.li/ /ˈɛf.ɚt.ləs.li/ more effortlessly most effortlessly adv
sans effort
Without effort; without difficulty or struggle.

effrontery /ɛˈfɹʌntəɹi/ /ɪˈfɹʌntəɹi/ effronteries n
effronterie
(uncountable) Insolent and shameless audacity.

effulgent /ɛ-/ /ɪˈfʌldʒ(ə)nt/ /ɪˈfʌld͡ʒənt/ more effulgent most effulgent adj
rayonnant rayonnante
(literary, also, figuratively) Radiant, resplendent, shining.

effusion effusions n
effusion
A liquid outpouring.
(chemistry, physics) Process of gases passing through a hole or holes considerably smaller than the mean free path of the gas molecules.
(figurative, by extension) An outpouring of speech or emotion.
(medicine) The seeping of fluid into a body cavity; the fluid itself.

effusive /ɪˈfjuːsɪv/ more effusive most effusive adj
expansif généreux émotif
Gushy; unrestrained, extravagant or excessive (in emotional expression).

eftsoons adv
bientôt
(now, archaic) Soon after, presently. [from 13th c.]

egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ more egalitarian most egalitarian adj
égalitaire
Characterized by social equality and equal rights for all people.

egalitarian /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ egalitarians n
égalitaire
A person who accepts or promotes social equality and equal rights for all people.

egalitarianism egalitarianisms n
égalitarisme
The political doctrine that holds that all people in a society should have equal rights from birth.

egestion /iːˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ egestions n
excrétion excrément
The act or result of egesting

egg /eɪɡ/ /ɛɡ/ eggs n
œuf
(specifically, countable) The edible egg (sense 1.1) of a domestic fowl such as a duck, goose, or, especially, a chicken; (uncountable) the contents of such an egg or eggs used as food.
An approximately spherical or ellipsoidal body produced by birds, insects, reptiles, and other animals, housing the embryo within a membrane or shell during its development.
(countable) A thing which looks like or is shaped like an egg (sense 1.1).
egg œuf
(transgender slang) A person regarded as having not yet realized they are transgender, who has not yet come out as transgender, or who is in the early stages of transitioning; also, one's lack of awareness that one is transgender.

egg /eɪɡ/ /ɛɡ/ v
jeter des oeufs
To throw (especially rotten) eggs (noun sense 1.1.1) at (someone or something).

egg of Columbus eggs of Columbus n
œuf de Colomb
A brilliant idea or discovery that seems simple after the fact.

egg on v
pousser
(transitive, idiomatic) To encourage or coax a person to do something, especially something foolhardy or reckless.

egg on one's face n
être en porte-à-faux
(informal) Embarrassment or humiliation; damage to one's reputation.

egg roll egg rolls n
pâté impérial
A food made made by wrapping a combination of chopped vegetables, possibly meat, and sometimes noodles, in a sheet of dough, dipping the dough in egg or an egg wash, then deep frying it.

egg spoon /ˌɛɡ ˈspun/ /ˌɛɡ ˈspuːn/ egg spoons n
cuillère à œuf
A spoon, usually smaller than a teaspoon, which is used for eating a boiled egg from a hole made in the shell; the bowl of the spoon is shaped to make it easier to scoop out the contents of the eggshell.

egg timer egg timers n
minuteur sablier
(by extension) A timer that can be set to sound an alarm after a certain amount of time; a kitchen timer.

egg tooth egg teeth n
dent de délivrance diamant
(zoology) A small, sharp, cranial protuberance used by offspring to break or tear through the egg's surface during hatching.

egg whisk egg whisks n
palette à z-œufs
A whisk (kitchen utensil made of multiple loops of wire) used to beat eggs.

eggcup eggcups n
coquetier
(British) A small dish used to support a boiled egg while it is eaten.

egghead eggheads n
crâne d'œuf
(pejorative) A bald person, especially a man.
intello
(pejorative) A coldly out of personal touch intellectual.

eggnog /ˈɛɡ.nɑɡ/ /ˈɛɡ.nɒɡ/ /ˌɛɡˈnɒɡ/ eggnogs n
lait de poule
A beverage based on milk, eggs, sugar, and nutmeg; often made alcoholic with rum, brandy, or whisky; popular at Christmas.

eggplant /-plɑːnt/ /ˈɛɡ.plænt/ eggplants n
aubergine
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The plant Solanum melongena.
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, Philippines) The edible fruit of the Solanum melongena: an aubergine.

eggshell /ˈɛɡʃɛl/ eggshells n
coquille d'œuf
The shell around an egg.
coquille d'œuf coquille d’œuf
(color) A pale off-white colour, like that of the eggshell.

eglantine eglantines n
églantine
A Eurasian rose (Rosa rubiginosa, syn. Rosa eglanteria), having prickly stems, fragrant leaves, pink flowers and red hips.

ego /ˈiɡoʊ/ /ˈiːɡəʊ/ /ˈɛɡəʊ/ egos n
moi égo
The self, especially with a sense of self-importance.
moi
(psychology, Freudian) The most central part of the mind, which mediates with one's surroundings.

egocentric more egocentric most egocentric adj
égocentrique
Egotistical.

egocentrically more egocentrically most egocentrically adv
égocentriquement
in an egocentric manner

egocentricity egocentricities n
égocentricité
The quality of being egocentric.

egoism egoisms n
égoïsme
The tendency to think selfishly with exclusive self-interest in mind.

egoist /ˈiːɡoʊ.ɪst/ egoists n
égoïste
An advocate of egoism.
An egocentric or self-centered person.

egotism egotisms n
égotisme
A tendency to talk excessively about oneself.
(nonstandard, by confusion of the similar words) Egoism (belief that behavior should be directed towards one's self-interest).

egotist egotists n
égoïste

egregious /əˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒi.əs/ /ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/ more egregious most egregious adj
flagrant inouï
Conspicuous, exceptional, outstanding; usually in a negative sense.

egregore /ˈɛɡɹɪɡɔɹ/ egregores n
égrégore
(occult) An autonomous psychic entity that is composed of, and influences, the thoughts of a group of people.

egress /ˈiːɡɹɛs/ egresses n
sortie
The process of exiting or leaving.

egret /ˈi.ɡɹɪt/ egrets n
aigrette
Any of various wading birds of the genera Egretta or Ardea that includes herons, many of which are white or buff, and several of which develop fine plumes during the breeding season.

eh /e/ /eɪ/ /ɛ/ [ɛː] interjection
hein n'est-ce pas
(informal, chiefly, Canada, UK) Used as a tag question, to emphasise what goes before or to request that the listener express an opinion about what has been said.
hein
(chiefly, Canada) An interjection used to ascertain the continued attention of an individual addressed by the speaker.

ehrlichiosis ehrlichioses n
cowdriose ehrlichiose
(medicine) A tick-borne disease caused by infection with bacteria of the genus Ehrlichia.

eicosanoid /aɪˈkoʊ.səˌnɔɪd/ eicosanoids n
eicosanoïde

eid mubarak phraseologicalUnit
aïd moubarak eid mubarak
(Islam) A customary Muslim greeting on the days of Eid ul-Adha and Eid ul-Fitr at the end of Ramadan.

eider /ˈaɪdə/ /ˈaɪdɚ/ eiders n
eider eider à duvet
Any of the species of the genera Polysticta or Somateria, in the seaduck subfamily Merginae, which line their nests with fine down (taken from their own bodies).

eiderdown eiderdowns n
édredon
(uncountable) The down of the eider duck, used for stuffing pillows and quilts.
(countable) A quilt stuffed with this down.

eidetic /aɪˈdɛtɪk/ more eidetic most eidetic adj
eidétique
(neuroscience) Marked by or resulting from extraordinary ability to recall detailed and vivid mental images of visual images.

eidolopoeia n
idolopée
(rhetoric) A rhetorical technique in which a speech is attributed to a deceased person, a phantom, an image or an idol.

eigen- prefix
propre

eigenfunction eigenfunctions n
fonction propre
(mathematics) A function \phi such that, for a given linear operator D, D\phi=\lambda\phi for some scalar \lambda (called an eigenvalue).

eigenmode eigenmodes n
mode propre
(physics) One of the normal vibrational modes of an oscillating system.

eigenspace eigenspaces n
espace propre
(linear algebra) The linear subspace consisting of all eigenvectors associated with a particular eigenvalue, together with the zero vector.

eigenvalue /ˈaɪɡənˌvæljuː/ eigenvalues n
valeur propre
(linear algebra) A scalar, \lambda, such that there exists a non-zero vector x (a corresponding eigenvector) for which the image of x under a given linear operator \mathrm{A} is equal to the image of x under multiplication by \lambda; i.e. \mathrm{A} x = \lambda x.

eigenvector eigenvectors n
vecteur propre
(linear algebra) A vector that is not rotated under a particular linear transformation; a left or right eigenvector depending on context; (more formally) given a linear transformation A, a vector x such that Ax=λx [or xA=λx] for some scalar λ (called the eigenvalue).

eight /eɪt/ eights n
huit
The digit/figure 8.
(playing cards) Any of the four cards in a normal deck with the value eight.

eight /eɪt/ numeral
huit
A numerical value equal to 8; the number occurring after seven and before nine.

eight hundred /ˈeɪt ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈeɪt ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
huit cents
The cardinal number occurring after seven hundred ninety-nine and before eight hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 800.

eight o'clock n
huit heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the ninth hour of the day; 8:00 a.m. (08:00).

eight thousand n
huit mille
The cardinal number between seven thousand nine hundred and ninety nine and eight thousand and one.

eighteen /ˈeɪ(t).tin/ /ˈeɪ.tiːn/ /ˌeɪ(t)ˈtin/ /ˌeɪˈtiːn/ numeral
dix-huit
The cardinal number occurring after seventeen and before nineteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVIII and in Arabic numerals as 18.

eighteenth /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ adj
dix-huitième
The ordinal form of the number eighteen.

eighteenth /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ eighteenths n
dix-huitième
The person or thing in the eighteenth position.
One of eighteen equal parts of a whole.

eighth /eɪtθ/ /eɪθ/ adj
huitième
The ordinal form of the number eight.

eighth /eɪtθ/ /eɪθ/ eighths n
huitième huit
The person or thing in the eighth position.
huitième
One of eight equal parts of a whole.

eighth rest eighth rests n
demi-soupir

eighties n
années 80 années quatre-vingt
The decade of the 1880s, 1980s, etc.

eightieth /ˈeɪ.ti.əθ/ adj
quatre-vingtième huitantième
The ordinal form of the number eighty.

eightieth /ˈeɪ.ti.əθ/ eightieths n
huitantième quatre-vingtième
The person or thing in the eightieth position.
One of eighty equal parts of a whole.

eighty /ˈeɪ.ti/ [ˈ(ʔ)eɪ̯ɾi] numeral
quatre-vingts huitante octante
The cardinal number occurring after seventy-nine and before eighty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXXX and in Arabic numerals as 80.

eighty-eight numeral
quatre-vingt-huit
Number between eighty-seven and eighty-nine; decimal 88
An abbreviation for 'Hugs and kisses' in amateur radio. Used especially in Morse code.

eighty-first eighty-firsts n
quatre-vingt-et-unième
One of eighty-one equal parts of a whole.

eighty-four numeral
quatre-vingt-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-three and preceding eighty-five.

eighty-nine numeral
quatre-vingt-neuf huitante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-eight and preceding ninety.

eighty-one numeral
quatre-vingt-un huitante et un octante et un
The cardinal number following eighty and preceding eighty-two.

eighty-second adj
huitante-deuxième quatre-vingt-deuxième
The ordinal form of the number eighty-two, describing a person or thing in position number 82 of a sequence.

eighty-seven numeral
quatre-vingt-sept
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-six and preceding eighty-eight.

eighty-six numeral
quatre-vingt-six
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-five and preceding eighty-seven.

eighty-three numeral
quatre-vingt-trois
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-two and preceding eighty-four.

eighty-two numeral
quatre-vingts deux quatre-vingt-deux
The cardinal number immediately following eighty-one and preceding eighty-three.

eightysomething eightysomethings n
octogénaire
(colloquial) A person between 80 and 89 years old.

einkorn wheat einkorn wheats n
engrain engrain sauvage petit épeautre
A type of wheat, characterised by the presence of a single grain in each spikelet, that was cultivated in the Fertile Crescent and was one of the first grains to be domesticated; any subtype of said wheat, considered as a unit; in particular, the domesticated form.

einsteinium /aɪnˈstaɪni.əm/ n
einsteinium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Es) with atomic number 99: a soft, silvery, paramagnetic metal.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ adv
non plus
(conjunctive, after a negative) As well.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ conjunction
soit ou soit ... ou
Introduces the first of two (or occasionally more) options or possibilities, the second (or last) of which is introduced by “or”.

either /aɪ/ /eɪ/ /iː/ /ˈaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈeɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈi.ðɚ/ /ˈiː.ðə(ɹ)/ determiner
chaque l'un ou l'autre les deux
Each of two; both. [from 9th c.]

either way adv
dans un cas comme dans l'autre peu importe
Regardless of what happens (out of two possible situations).

either … or conjunction
ou … ou soit … soit

ejaculate /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.lət/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.leɪt/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.lət/ ejaculates n
éjaculat
Fluid or some other substance ejected or suddenly thrown from a duct or other body structure; specifically, semen or vaginal fluid ejected by a human being or other mammal during an ejaculation.

ejaculate /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.leɪt/ /ɪˈdʒæk.jʊ.lət/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.leɪt/ /ɪˈd͡ʒæk.jə.lət/ v
éjaculer
(biology, transitive) To eject or suddenly throw fluid or some other substance from a duct or other body structure.
(specifically, transitive, and, intransitive) Of a human being or other mammal: to forcibly eject from the urethra in response to sexual stimulation, in a male, semen; and, in a female, vaginal fluid.

ejaculation /iˌdʒækjuˈleɪʃən/ ejaculations n
éjaculation
(specifically) A reflex in human beings and other mammals in response to sexual stimulation involving the forcible ejection from the urethra of, in males, semen; and, in females, vaginal fluid.

ejaculatory /ɪ.ˈd͡ʒæ.kjə.lə.ˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
éjaculateur
Of or pertaining to ejaculation.

ejaculatory duct ejaculatory ducts n
canal éjaculateur
(anatomy) Either of a pair of ducts through which semen passes, each of which is formed by the merging of the vas deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle.

eject /ɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
expulser éjecter
(transitive) To compel (a person or persons) to leave.
(transitive) To throw out or remove forcefully.

ejecta /əˈd͡ʒɛktə/ /ɪˈd͡ʒɛktə/ n
éjecta
(geology) Material which has been ejected, especially from a volcano or an impact crater.

ejectable adj
éjectable
Able to be ejected.

ejection /-t͡ʃən/ /-ɪn/ /iˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ /əˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ ejections n
éjection
The act of ejecting.

ejection seat ejection seats n
siège éjectable
A seat in an aircraft which can be ejected from the cockpit and thus save the pilot's life when a crash is imminent.

eke out v
accroître un peu améliorer augmenter faire durer
(transitive) To supplement.
arracher décrocher gagner tout juste sa vie joindre les deux bouts
(transitive) To obtain with difficulty or effort.

ekphrasis /ˈɛkfɹəsɪs/ ekphrases n
ekphrasis
(rhetoric) A clear, intense, self-contained argument or verbal description of an object, especially of an artwork.

ekranoplan ekranoplans n
ékranoplane
(aviation, nautical) a ground-effect vehicle

el /ˈɛl/ [ɛɫ] els n
elle
The name of the Latin-script letter L.

elaborate /ɪˈlæbəɹeɪt/ /ɪˈlæbəɹət/ v
élaborer
(transitive) Тo develop in detail or complexity.
approfondir
(intransitive, sometimes followed by the prepositions on or upon) To expand/enlarge in detail.

elaborated sap elaborated saps n
sève élaborée
(botany) The sap of a plant produced in its leaves from the crude sap to feed the plant.

eland /ˈiːlənd/ elands n
éland
A genus of large South African antelope (Taurotragus), valued both for its hide and flesh. [from late 18th c.]

elanid kite elanid kites n
élanion
Any of several small, long-winged, hovering raptors of the Elaninae subfamily.

elapse /ɪˈlæps/ v
passer s'écouler
(intransitive, of time) To pass or move by.

elastic /iˈlæstɪk/ /əˈlæstɪk/ more elastic most elastic adj
élastique
Capable of stretching; particularly, capable of stretching so as to return to an original shape or size when force is released.
Made of elastic.
(economics) Sensitive to changes in price.

elastic /iˈlæstɪk/ /əˈlæstɪk/ elastics n
élastique
(uncountable) An elastic material used in clothing, particularly in waistbands and cuffs.

elastic band elastic bands n
élastique bande élastique
A small, narrow loop of rubber or similar material used to hold items or body parts together.

elasticated adj
élastiqué
Of clothing or part of a garment, containing a strip or strips of elastic, especially in the waistband, cuffs or the ends of the legs, in order to make the clothing fit snugly.

elasticity /ɪ.læsˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/ elasticities n
élasticité
(physics) The property by virtue of which a material deformed under load can regain its original dimensions when unloaded
(economics) The sensitivity of changes in a quantity with respect to changes in another quantity.
(mathematics) The ratio of the relative change in a function's output with respect to the relative change in its input, for infinitesimal changes at a certain point.
The quality of being elastic.

elastin elastins n
élastine
(protein) A protein, similar to collagen, found in connective tissue, that has elastic properties.

elated more elated most elated adj
fou de joie
Extremely happy and excited; delighted; pleased, euphoric.

elation /iːˈleɪʃən/ /ɪˈleɪʃən/ elations n
exaltation
allégresse élation
An exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism.

elative /ɪˈleɪtɪv/ elatives n
élatif
In Semitic languages, the “adjective degree of superiority.” In some languages such as Arabic, the concepts of comparative and superlative degree of an adjective are merged into a single form, the elative. How this form is understood or translated depends upon context and definiteness. In the absence of comparison, the elative conveys the notion of “greatest”, “supreme.”
(grammar) In Finno-Ugric languages, one of the locative cases, expressing “out of,” or “from” as in Finnish talosta, Hungarian házból (“out of the house”). Its opposite is the illative case (“into”). In Finnish, the case form is used also to express "out of" or "proximity" in a figurative sense which in English is often conveyed by the word "about".

elative case elative cases n
élatif
(grammar) The case used to indicate movement out of something; for example, out of the house. Some languages that make use of the elative are Finnish, Hungarian, and Estonian.

elbaite elbaites n
elbaïte
(mineral) A sodium-lithium-aluminium borosilicate mineral of the tourmaline group, prized as a gemstone.

elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈɛlbəʊ/ [ˈɛɫboʊ] elbows n
coude
(anatomy) The joint between the upper arm and the forearm.
(by extension) Any turn or bend like that of the elbow, in a wall, building, coastline, etc.; an angular or jointed part of any structure, such as the raised arm of a chair or sofa, or a short pipe fitting, turning at an angle or bent.
coup de coude
A hit with the elbow.

elbow /ˈɛlboʊ/ /ˈɛlbəʊ/ [ˈɛɫboʊ] v
jouer des coudes
To push with the elbow or elbows; to forge ahead using the elbows to assist.

elbow bump /ˌɛlboʊ ˈbʌmp/ /ˌɛlbəʊ ˈbʌmp/ elbow bumps n
salut du coude
The touching of elbows between two people, sometimes as an alternative to a handshake, fist bump, or other form of contact when attempting to avoid the spread of germs.

elbow grease n
huile de coude
(idiomatic) Effort or hard work, especially physical work involving repeated motion of the forearm, such as scrubbing.

elbow room n
espace place
Room or space in which to move or maneuver.
liberté d'action marge de manœuvre
(figurative) Freedom or leeway.

elder /ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/ adj
aîné
older, greater than another in age or seniority.

elder /ˈeldə/ /ˈɛldə/ /ˈɛldɚ/ elders n
ancien aîné
A leader of a community, someone of great age or seniority.
sureau
A small tree, Sambucus nigra, having white flowers in a cluster, and edible purple berries.
aîné personne âgée
(now, chiefly, US) An old person.

elderberry /ˈɛldə(ɹ)ˌbɛɹi/ elderberries n
baie de sureau
The small, edible, purplish-black fruit of this plant, used in cooking and to flavour drinks etc.

eldercare n
soins aux personnes âgées
Care for elderly people.

elderly /ˈɛldəli/ /ˈɛldɚli/ more elderly most elderly adj
âgé vieux ancien
old; having lived for relatively many years.

elderly /ˈɛldəli/ /ˈɛldɚli/ elderlies n
aîné personne âgée
An elderly person.

elecampane /ˌɛləkæmˈpeɪn/ /ˌɛlɪkamˈpeɪn/ elecampanes n
grande aunée inule aunée aunée officinale
A tall Eurasian herb, Inula helenium, whose roots have been used medicinally.

elect /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɛkt/ adj
élu
(postpositive) Who has been elected in a specified post, but has not yet entered office.

elect /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɛkt/ elect elects n
élu élue
One chosen or set apart.
(theology) In Calvinist theology, one foreordained to Heaven. In other Christian theologies, someone chosen by God for salvation.

elect /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɛkt/ v
choisir décider
(transitive) To choose or make a decision (to do something)
élire
(transitive) To choose (a candidate) in an election

election /əˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ elections n
élection
A process of choosing a leader, members of parliament, councillors, or other representatives by popular vote.
(archaic) Any conscious choice.

election campaign election campaigns n
campagne électorale

elective /ɪˈlɛktɪv/ more elective most elective adj
facultatif
Of, or pertaining to voting or elections; involving a choice between options.

elective /ɪˈlɛktɪv/ electives n
option

elective affinity elective affinities n
affinité élective

electocracy electocracies n
électocratie

elector /iˈlɛktɚ/ /əˈlektə/ /əˈlɛktɔɹ/ /əˈlɛktɚ/ /ɪˈlektə/ /ɪˈlɛktə/ /ɪˈlɛktɚ/ electors n
grand électeur
A member of an electoral college; specifically (US) an official selected by a state as a member of the Electoral College to elect the president and vice president of the United States.
électeur votant votard
(politics) A person eligible to vote in an election; a member of an electorate, a voter.

electoral /ə.lɛkˈtoɹ.əl/ /əˈlek.tə.ɹəl/ /əˈlek.tɹəl/ /əˈlɛk.tɚ.əl/ /ɪ.lɛkˈtɔɹ.əl/ /ɪˈlɛk.tə.ɹəl/ /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəl/ adj
électoral
Of, or relating to elections.

electoral college electoral colleges n
collège électoral
(politics) A body of electors empowered to elect someone to a particular office, such as the Holy Roman Emperor or the President of the United States.

electoral district electoral districts n
circonscription
(politics) A district represented by one or more elected officials.

electoral fraud n
fraude electoral
(politics) Illegal interference with the process of an election, especially with the intent to stage a desired election outcome.

electoral register electoral registers n
liste électorale
(British) A list of all those people who are registered to vote in a particular locality

electorate /ɪˈlɛktəɹət/ /ɪˈlɛktɹət/ electorates n
électorat
The collective people of a country, state, or electoral district who are entitled to vote.
(historical) The office, or area of dominion, of an Elector; an electorship.

electric /iˈlɛktɹɪk/ /əˈlɛktɹɪk/ /ɪˈlɛktɹɪk/ adj
électrique
Of, relating to, produced by, operated with, or utilising electricity; electrical.
Of or relating to an electronic version of a musical instrument that has an acoustic equivalent.

electric /iˈlɛktɹɪk/ /əˈlɛktɹɪk/ /ɪˈlɛktɹɪk/ electrics n
voiture électrique
(rare, countable) An electric car.

electric bass /ɪˈlɛktɹɪkbeɪs/ electric basses n
basse électrique guitare basse
An electric bass guitar with four strings, larger than a normal electric guitar. It has a lower pitch and is often used as a back-up beat for the lead guitar.

electric car electric cars n
voiture électrique
A car that uses electric motors and motor controllers instead of an internal combustion engine, the power coming from rechargeable batteries.

electric cello electric cellos n
violoncelle électrique
A cello modified to be played either electrically or acoustically, usually possessing five strings.

electric chair electric chairs n
chaise électrique
A chair-like device used for performing execution by electrocution.

electric charge electric charges n
charge
charge électrique
(physics) The static electric energy of a charged body.
(physics) The quantity of unbalanced positive or negative ions in or on an object; measured in coulombs.
(physics) A quantum number of some subatomic particles which determines their electromagnetic interactions; by convention the electron has an electric charge of -1, the proton +1 and quarks have fractional charge.

electric circuit electric circuits n
circuit électrique
A path, or an interconnected group of paths (at least one of which is closed), capable of carrying an electric current.

electric current electric currents n
courant courant électrique
(electromagnetism) A net unidirectional movement of electrons, or other charge carriers, caused by a potential difference.
(electromagnetism) The net charge that passes through some cross-section of a conducting material (in one direction), per unit time, having the SI unit A (C/s).

electric discharge n
décharge électrique

electric eel electric eels n
anguille électrique
(narrowly) Electrophorus electricus, a species of fish resembling an eel (though not related) that is capable of generating powerful electric shocks.

electric fence electric fences n
clôture électrique électrificateur de clôture
A fence containing metal wire through which an electric current is passed, as a deterrent which will shock people or animals trying to breach or climb the fence.

electric field electric fields n
champ électrique
(electricity, physics) A region of space around a charged particle, or between two voltages, which exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.

electric guitar /ə.ˈlɛk.tɹɪk ɡɪ.ˈtɑːɹ/ electric guitars n
guitare électrique
A guitar which requires electronic amplification to produce sufficient sound.

electric guitarist electric guitarists n
guitariste électrique
Someone who plays, or performs on, the electric guitar.

electric harp electric harps n
harpe électrique

electric piano /əˈlɛk.tɹɪk piˈæn.oʊ/ electric pianos n
piano électrique
(musical instruments) A type of lightweight piano with electronic pickups to amplify the sound. The strings, or string substitutes, are struck mechanically such that the action is similar to that of a normal piano.

electric ray electric rays n
torpedo torpille
Any of the group of rays of the order Torpedodiniformes, which can produce an electric discharge.

electric shaver electric shavers n
rasoir électrique

electric shock electric shocks n
choc électrique électrisation
The physical reaction or shock caused by the flow of electricity through the body.

electric vehicle electric vehicles n
voiture électrique véhicule électrique
A vehicle that uses an electric motor as the means of propulsion; most especially, an e-car or e-truck.

electric violin electric violins n
violon électrique
A violin equipped with an electronic output of its sound.

electrical engineer electrical engineers n
ingénieur électricien

electrical engineering n
électrotechnique génie électrique ingénierie électrique
the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of electricity, especially the design and application of circuitry and equipment for power generation and distribution, machine control, and communications

electrical tape electrical tapes n
ruban isolant
A poorly conductive plastic tape used to insulate electrical wires.

electrically more electrically most electrically adv
électriquement
In an electric manner; by means of electricity.

electrician /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ electricians n
électricien électricienne
A tradesperson who installs, repairs and maintains electrical wiring and equipment.

electricity /iˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /əˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ɪˌlɛkˈt͡ʃɹɪsɪti/ /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɪsɪti/ electricities n
électricité
(physics) The study of electrical phenomena; the branch of science dealing with such phenomena. [from 18th c.]
Electric power/energy as used in homes etc., supplied by power stations or generators. [from 19th c.]

electricity meter electricity meters n
compteur électrique
A device that measures the consumption of electricity, normally in terms of watt-hours

electrification electrifications n
électrification
The act of electrifying, or the state of being charged with electricity.
The adaptation (of a home, farm, village, city, industry, railroad) for electric power.

electrify /ɪˈlɛktɹɪfaɪ/ v
électrifier électriser exciter
(transitive) To cause electricity to pass through; to affect by electricity; to give an electric shock to.

electro /ɪˈlɛk.tɹəʊ/ electros n
electro électro
(uncountable, music genre) An electronic style of hip hop; electrofunk.

electro- prefix
électro-
and electrical.

electroacoustics n
électroacoustique
(physics) the science of the interaction and interconversion of electric and acoustic phenomena

electrobiology n
électrobiologie
(physics, biology) The study of the production and use of electricity by biological organisms.
(obsolete) A theory of animal magnetism according to which the actions, feelings, etc. of a person are controlled by the will of the operator.

electrocardiogram /əˌlɛktɹəˈkɑɹdi.əˌɡɹæm/ electrocardiograms n
électrocardiogramme
(cardiology) The visual output that an electrocardiograph produces.

electrocardiography electrocardiographies n
électrocardiographie
the science of the preparation and diagnostic interpretation of electrocardiograms

electrocatalysis n
électrocatalyse
(chemistry) catalysis of a half cell reaction at the surface of an electrode.

electrocatalyst electrocatalysts n
électrocatalyseur
(chemistry) Any material, normally employed on the surface or an electrode, that catalyzes a half cell reaction.

electrocatalytic more electrocatalytic most electrocatalytic adj
électrocatalytique
of or pertaining to electrocatalysis or an electrocatalyst.

electroconvulsive therapy electroconvulsive therapies n
électroconvulsivothérapie
(medicine) A biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

electrocute /əˈlɛktɹəkjuːt/ /ɪˈlɛktɹəkjuːt/ v
électrocuter
(transitive) To execute by electric shock, often by means of an electric chair.

electrocution /ɪˌlɛktɹəˈkjuːʃən/ electrocutions n
électrocution
The accidental death or suicide by electric shock.
Deliberate execution by electric shock, usually involving an electric chair.
(informal) A severe electric shock, whether fatal or not.

electrode /iˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/ /əˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/ electrodes n
électrode
The terminal through which electric current passes between metallic and nonmetallic parts of an electric circuit.

electrodeposition electrodepositions n
électrodéposition
The deposition of a metal on a cathode during electrolysis; used as a method of purification.

electroencephalogram electroencephalograms n
électroencéphalogramme
(neurology) A recording of electrical brain activity (brain waves) made by an electroencephalograph.

electroencephalographically adv
électroencéphalographiquement

electroencephalography electroencephalographies n
électroencéphalographie
(neurology) The measurement and recording of electrical activity in the brain for diagnostic purposes.

electrofugal adj
électrofuge

electrology n
électrologie
(dated) The branch of physical science that deals with electricity and its properties.

electroluminescence electroluminescences n
électroluminescence
(physics) The generation of light by the application of an alternating current to a semiconductor or phosphor, or by an electric discharge through a gas.

electrolysis /ɪlɛkˈtɹɒləsɪs/ electrolyses n
électrolyse
(chemistry) the chemical change produced by passing an electric current through a conducting solution or a molten salt.
The destruction of hair roots by means of an electric current.

electrolyte /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɵˌlaɪt/ electrolytes n
électrolyte
(chemistry) A substance that, in solution or when molten, ionizes and conducts electricity.
(physiology, medicine) Any of the various biometal ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes, or (metonymically) such an ion's concentration in a bodily fluid, usually and especially blood#Noun, blood serum#Noun, or urine.

electrolytic /ɨˌlɛk.tɹɵˈlɪ.tɪk/ adj
électrolytique

electrolytic capacitor electrolytic capacitors n
condensateur électrochimique condensateur électrolytique
(electronics) A capacitor that uses an electrolyte as one of its capacitative plates.

electromagnet electromagnets n
électro-aimant électroaimant
A magnet which attracts metals only when electrically activated

electromagnetic adj
électromagnétique
Relating to electromagnetism

electromagnetic force n
force électromagnétique
(physics) A long-range fundamental force that acts between charged bodies, mediated by the exchange of photons.

electromagnetic interaction n
interaction électromagnétique
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the electromagnetic force.

electromagnetic radiation n
rayonnement électromagnétique
Radiation (quantized as photons) consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields oriented perpendicularly to each other, moving through space.

electromagnetic spectrum electromagnetic spectra n
spectre électromagnétique
(physics) The entire range of wavelengths of all known electromagnetic radiations extending from gamma rays, to X-rays through visible light, infrared, to radio waves.

electromagnetic wave electromagnetic waves n
onde électromagnétique
(physics) Electromagnetic radiation, such as light and radio waves.

electromagnetism /ɪˌlɛk.tɹəʊˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪzm̩/ electromagnetisms n
électromagnétisme
A unified fundamental force that combines the aspects of electricity and magnetism and is one of the four fundamental forces. (technically it can be unified with weak nuclear to form electroweak) Its gauge boson is the photon.

electromechanical adj
électromécanique
Related to both electricity (or electronics) and mechanics.

electromechanics n
électromécanique
the engineering aspects of devices that are controlled by electrostatics or electromagnetics

electrometallurgical adj
électrométallurgique
Of or pertaining to electrometallurgy

electron /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɑn/ /ɪˈlɛk.tɹɒn/ electrons n
électron
(particle) The subatomic particle having a negative charge and orbiting the nucleus; the flow of electrons in a conductor constitutes electricity.

electron cloud electron clouds n
nuage [[d']]électrons nuage électronique
(physics) A mathematically defined region around an atomic nucleus defined by a high probability that the atom's electrons will be present in that region.

electron microscope electron microscopes n
microscope électronique
Any of several forms of microscope that use a beam of electrons, rather than one of light, and thus has a much greater resolving power.

electron volt electron volts n
électronvolt électron-volt
(physics) A unit for measuring the energy of subatomic particles; the energy equal to that attained by an electron moving through a potential difference of one volt. Equivalent to 1.6022 x 10-19 joules.

electronarcosis n
électronarcose
(medicine) the process of rendering one unconscious through the application of an electric current

electronegativity electronegativities n
électronégativité
(chemistry) The tendency, or a measure of the ability, of an atom or molecule to attract electrons when forming bonds.

electroneutrality n
électroneutralité

electronic /əˌlɪkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ /ˌi.lɛkˈtɹɑ.nɪk/ /ˌɛl.ɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ /ˌɛl.ɪkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/ adj
électronique
(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to an electron or electrons.
Operating on the physical behavior of electrons, especially in semiconductors.
Generated by an electronic device.
Of or pertaining to the Internet.

electronic cigarette /ɪˌlɛkˈtʃɹɑːnɪk ˈsɪɡɚˌɛt/ electronic cigarettes n
cigarette électronique vapoteuse
A cylindrical battery-powered device that provides inhaled doses of nicotine by way of a vaporized solution.

electronic circuit electronic circuits n
circuit électronique

electronic game electronic games n
jeu électronique
(video games) A game played on an electronic device.

electronic sport electronic sports n
jeu video de competition sport électronique
The competitive playing of video games as a sport.

electronica n
électronica
(music genre) Any of a wide range of electronic music genres.

electronics /ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɒnɪks/ /ˌɛlɪkˈtɹɒnɪks/ electronics n
électronique
(physics) The study and use of electrical devices that operate by controlling the flow of electrons or other electrically charged particles or by converting the flow of charged particles to or from other forms of energy.
(in the plural) Devices which require the flow of electrons through conductors and semiconductors in order to perform their function; devices that operate on electrical power (battery or outlet)

electrophoresis electrophoreses n
électrophorèse
(analytical chemistry) (biochemistry), a method for the separation and analysis of large molecules (such as proteins) by migrating a colloidal solution of them through a gel; gel electrophoresis

electrophysiological adj
électrophysiologique
of or pertaining to electrophysiology

electroplate v
plaquer
(transitive) To coat (an object) with a thin layer of metal using electrolysis

electroscope electroscopes n
électroscope
(physics) a simple device that detects the presence of an electric charge by the mutual repulsion of metal foils or pith balls

electrosensibility n
électrosensiblité

electrostatic adj
électrostatique
(electricity) of, relating to, or produced by electrostatics or static electricity

electrostatic precipitator electrostatic precipitators n
électrofiltre
a particulate collection device that removes particles from a flowing gas with electric forces

electrostatics n
électrostatique
(physics) the branch of physics that deals with static electricity; that is, with the force exerted by an unchanging electric field upon a charged object

electrotechnician electrotechnicians n
électrotechnicien électrotechnicienne
Someone who specializes in electrotechnology.

electrotechnology electrotechnologies n
électrotechnique
Electrical technology and engineering.

electrotherapy electrotherapies n
électrothérapie
The use of electrical energy as a medical treatment.

electroweak adj
électrofaible
(physics) Describing the combination of the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces.

electrum /ɪˈlɛktɹəm/ electrums n
électrum
An alloy of gold and silver, used by the ancients; now specifically a natural alloy with between 20 and 50 per cent silver.

elegance /ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡəns/ elegances n
élégance finesse grâce
Grace, refinement, and beauty in movement, appearance, or manners.

elegant /ˈɛl.ə.ɡənt/ more elegant most elegant adj
élégant
Characterised by or exhibiting elegance.

elegiac /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪæk/ /ˌɛləˈd͡ʒaɪək/ more elegiac most elegiac adj
élégiaque
Of or relating to an elegy.

elegy /ˈɛlɪd͡ʒi/ elegies n
élégie
A mournful or plaintive poem; a funeral song; a poem of lamentation. [from early 16th c.]

element /ˈɛləmənt/ elements n
membre point élément
(set theory) One of the objects in a set.
élément
(chemistry) Any one of the simplest chemical substances that cannot be decomposed in a chemical reaction or by any chemical means and made up of atoms all having the same number of protons.
One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based.
(legal) A required aspect or component of a cause of action. A deed is regarded as a violation of law only if each element can be proved.
One of the four basic building blocks of matter in theories of ancient philosophers and alchemists: water, earth, fire, and air.
(usually, in the plural) A basic, simple substance out of which something is made, raw material.
A small but present amount of a quality, a hint.
(in the plural only, with "the") Atmospheric forces such as strong winds and rains.
A place or state of being that an individual or object is best suited to.
A group of people within a larger group having a particular common characteristic.
A component in electrical equipment, often in the form of a coil, having a high resistance, thereby generating heat when a current is passed through it.
(computing) One of the conceptual objects in a markup language, usually represented in text by tags.

elemental elementals n
élémentaire élémental
(mysticism, fantasy) A creature (usually a spirit) that is attuned with, or composed of, one of the classical elements: air, earth, fire and water or variations of them like ice, lightning, etc. They sometimes have unique proper names and sometimes are referred to as Air, Earth, Fire, or Water.

elementary /(ˌ)ɛlɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˌɛlɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ more elementary most elementary adj
élémentaire
Relating to the basic, essential or fundamental part of something.

elementary charge elementary charges n
charge élémentaire
(physics) The electric charge on a single proton or electron

elementary particle elementary particles n
particule élémentaire
(physics) A fundamental particle; any of the subatomic particles that do not consist of other, smaller particles; the gauge bosons, leptons and quarks.

elementary substance elementary substances n
corps simple
A pure chemical substance consisting of a single element (e.g. hydrogen gas).

elemi elemis n
élémi
A tree, Canarium luzonicum, native to the Philippines.
(uncountable) A resin harvested from the tree.

elephant /el.e.fant/ /ˈɛləfənt/ /ˈɛlɪf(ə)nt/ elephants n
éléphant éléphante éléphanteau éléphantelle
A mammal of the order Proboscidea, having a trunk, and two large ivory tusks jutting from the upper jaw.
éléphantesque
(figuratively) Anything huge and ponderous.

elephant bird elephant birds n
oiseau-éléphant
Any of the very large extinct flightless birds that make up the genera Aepyornis and Mullerornis within family Aepyornithidae, and lived in Madagascar until the 17th or 18th century; especially †Aepyornis maximus.

elephant dose elephant doses n
dose de cheval
(of drugs) a large amount

elephant in the room elephants in the room n
l'éléphant dans la pièce
(idiomatic) A problem or difficult issue that is very obvious, but is ignored for the convenience or comfort of those involved.

elephant seal elephant seals n
éléphant de mer
Large marine mammals of the genus Mirounga, the largest of the pinnipeds.

elephant shrew elephant shrews n
musaraigne à trompe
Any of several small, insectivorous long-nosed mammals, of the family Macroscelididae, native to Africa, thought to be more closely related elephants than to true shrews.

elephant trap /ˈɛləfənt ˌtɹæp/ /ˈɛlɪf(ə)nt ˌtɹæp/ elephant traps n
piège de l'éléphant
(chess) Often in the form Elephant Trap: a faulty attempt by White to win a pawn in a popular variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined, which is generally only effective against inexperienced players.

elephantiasis /ˌɛlɪfənˈtaɪəsɪs/ elephantiases n
éléphantiasis
(pathology) A complication of chronic filariasis, in which nematode worms block the lymphatic vessels, usually in the legs or scrotum, causing extreme enlargement of the infected area.
(pathology, obsolete) Synonym of leprosy.

elephantine /ɛl.əˈfæn.taɪn/ /ɛl.əˈfæn.tin/ /ˈɛl.ə.fən.taɪn/ /ˈɛl.ə.fən.tin/ more elephantine most elephantine adj
éléphantin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of elephants.
éléphantesque
Very large.

elevate /ˈɛləveɪt/ v
élever
(transitive) To raise (something) to a higher position.
augmenter
(transitive) To increase the intensity or degree of (something).

elevated /ˈɛl.əˌveɪ.ɾəd/ /ˈɛl.əˌveɪ.ɾɪd/ more elevated most elevated adj
élevé
Increased, particularly above a normal level.

elevated railway elevated railways n
ligne ferroviaire aérienne
(rail transport) a rapid transit railway with tracks above street level on a viaduct or other elevated structure

elevation /ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃən/ elevations n
élévation
The act of raising from a lower place, condition, or quality to a higher; said of material things, persons, the mind, the voice, etc.
The condition of being or feeling elevated; heightened; exaltation.
That which is raised up or elevated; an elevated place or station.
The movement of the axis of a piece in a vertical plane; also, the angle of elevation, that is, the angle between the axis of the piece and the line of sight; distinguished from direction.

elevator music n
musique d'ascenseur musique d'aéroport
(US, Canada) Bland, inoffensive music played as a background in elevators and businesses (such as offices and shopping malls).

eleven /iˈlɛvən/ /əˈlɛv.ən/ /ɪˈlɛvən/ [ɪˈlɛbm̩] numeral
onze
The cardinal number occurring after ten and before twelve. Represented as 11 in Arabic digits.

eleven hundred numeral
mille cent onze cent
one thousand one hundred.

eleven o'clock n
onze heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the twelfth hour of the day; 11:00 a.m. (11:00).

eleventh /iˈlɛv.ənθ/ /əˈlɛv.ənθ/ /ɪˈlɛv.ənθ/ adj
onzième
The ordinal form of the number eleven.

eleventh /iˈlɛv.ənθ/ /əˈlɛv.ənθ/ /ɪˈlɛv.ənθ/ elevenths n
onzième
The person or thing in the eleventh position.
One of eleven equal parts of a whole.

eleventh hour eleventh hours n
à la dernière minute
(idiomatic) A point in time which is nearly too late; the last minute.

eleventhly adv
onzièmement
In the eleventh place; eleventh in a row.

eleventy /ɪˈlɛvənti/ numeral
onzante
(informal) The number 110, 11 × 10.
(colloquial) An indefinite large number.

elf /ɛlf/ elfs elves n
elfe
(Norse mythology) A luminous spirit presiding over nature and fertility and dwelling in the world of Álfheim (Elfland). Compare angel, nymph, fairy.
(fantasy) Any of the magical, typically forest-guarding races bearing some similarities to the Norse álfar (through Tolkien's Eldar).
elfe lutin farfadet
Any from a race of mythical, supernatural beings resembling but seen as distinct from human beings. They are usually delicate-featured and skilled in magic or spellcrafting; sometimes depicted as clashing with dwarves, especially in modern fantasy literature.

elf owl elf owls n
chevêchette des saguaros chevêchette elfe

elicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ v
susciter
To evoke, educe (emotions, feelings, responses, etc.); to generate, obtain, or provoke as a response or answer.
obtenir causer réaliser
To draw out, bring out, bring forth (something latent); to obtain information from someone or something.
déduire raisonner
To use logic to arrive at truth; to derive by reason

elide /ɪˈlaɪd/ v
omettre
To leave out or omit (something).
élider
(linguistics) To cut off, as a vowel or a syllable.
amalgamer confondre
To conflate; to smear together; to blur the distinction between.

eligibility eligibilities n
éligibilité
The state, quality, or the fact of being eligible.

eligible /ˈel.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more eligible most eligible adj
approprié éligible
Allowed to and meeting the necessary conditions required to participate in or be chosen for something

eliminate /iˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /iˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /əˈlɪm.ə.næɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ə.neɪt/ /ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/ v
éliminer
(transitive) To completely remove, get rid of, put an end to.
tuer
(transitive, slang) To kill (a person or animal).

elimination /ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ eliminations n
élimination
The act of eliminating, expelling or throwing off.

eliminator eliminators n
éliminateur éliminatrice
One who, or that which, eliminates.

eliminatory more eliminatory most eliminatory adj
éliminatoire
Tending to eliminate.

elision /ɪˈlɪz.j(ə)n̩/ /ɪˈlɪʒ.(ə)n̩/ elisions n
élision
(linguistics) The omission of a letter or syllable between two words or inside a word; sometimes marked with an apostrophe.

elite /eɪˈlit/ /iˈlit/ /əˈlit/ /əˈliːt/ /ɛˈliːt/ /ɪˈlit/ /ɪˈliːt/ [əˈlɪit] [ɪˈlɪit] eliter elitest more elite most elite adj
élite d'élite élitaire
Of high birth or social position; aristocratic or patrician.

elite /eɪˈlit/ /iˈlit/ /əˈlit/ /əˈliːt/ /ɛˈliːt/ /ɪˈlit/ /ɪˈliːt/ [əˈlɪit] [ɪˈlɪit] elites n
élite
A special group or social class of people which have a superior intellectual, social or economic status as, the elite of society.

elitism /eɪˈliːtɪzəm/ /ɪˈliːtɪzəm/ elitisms n
élitisme
The belief that a society or system should be run by an elite.

elitist more elitist most elitist adj
élitiste
Of or relating to elitism.

elitist elitists n
élitiste
(usually, derogatory) Someone who believes in or is perceived as believing in rule by an elite group.

elixir /-ɪə(ɹ)/ /ə-/ /ɪˈlɪksə(ɹ)/ elixirs n
élixir
(pharmacy) A sweet flavored liquid (usually containing a small amount of alcohol) used in compounding medicines to be taken by mouth in order to mask an unpleasant taste.

elixir of life elixirs of life n
élixir de vie
(alchemy) A substance which when drunk brings immortality: eternal life, eternal youth

ell /ˈɛl/ ells n
aune
(historical) A measure of length. An English ell was 1¼ yards (45 inches or 114 cm), a Scottish ell was about 37 inches (94 cm), a Flemish ell was ¾ yard (27 inches or 69 cm), while certain European ells were less than 50 cm.
aile
An extension usually at right angles to one end of a building.

ellipse /iˈlɪps/ /əˈlɪps/ /ɪˈlɪps/ ellipses n
ellipse
(geometry) A closed curve, the locus of a point such that the sum of the distances from that point to two other fixed points (called the foci of the ellipse) is constant; equivalently, the conic section that is the intersection of a cone with a plane that does not intersect the base of the cone.

ellipsis /ɪˈlɪpsɪs/ ellipses n
points de suspension
(typography, mathematics) A mark consisting of (in English) three periods, historically or more formally with spaces in between, before, and after them, " . . . ", or, more recently, a single character, "…", used to indicate that words have been omitted in a text or that they are missing or illegible, or (in mathematics) that a pattern continues (e.g., 1, ..., 4 means 1, 2, 3, 4).
points de suspension ellipse
(grammar, rhetoric) The omission of a word or phrase that can be inferred from the context.

ellipsoid /iˈlɪp.sɔɪd/ /əˈlɪp.soɪd/ /əˈlɪp.sɔɪd/ /ɪˈlɪp.soɪd/ /ɪˈlɪp.sɔɪd/ ellipsoids n
ellipsoïde
(mathematics, geometry) A surface, all of whose cross sections are elliptic or circular (including the sphere), that generalises the ellipse and in Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) is a quadric with equation x2/a2 + y2/b2 + z2/c2 = 1.

elliptic /ɪˈlɪptɪk/ adj
elliptique
(mathematics, in combination, of certain functions, equations and operators) That has coefficients satisfying a condition analogous to the condition for the general equation for a conic section to be of an ellipse.

elliptic curve elliptic curves n
courbe elliptique

elliptical /əˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪ.kəl/ /ɪˈlɪp.tɪk.əl/ more elliptical most elliptical adj
elliptique
In a shape of, or reminding of, an ellipse; oval.
Of, or showing ellipsis; having a word or words omitted.

elliptical galaxy elliptical galaxies n
galaxie elliptique
A galaxy having a smooth, featureless light-profile. It is one of the three main classes of galaxies originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work “The Realm of the Nebulae”.

elm /ɛlm/ /ˈɛləm/ elms n
orme
(countable) A tree of the genus Ulmus of the family Ulmaceae, large deciduous trees with alternate stipulate leaves and small apetalous flowers.

elocution /ɛləˈkjuːʃən/ elocutions n
élocution
The art of public speaking with expert control of gesture and voice, etc.

elongate /iˈlɑŋ.ɡeɪt/ /iˈlɔŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɑŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɒŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɔŋ.ɡeɪt/ more elongate most elongate adj
allongé
Lengthened, extended, elongated; relatively long and slender.

elongate /iˈlɑŋ.ɡeɪt/ /iˈlɔŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɑŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɒŋ.ɡeɪt/ /ɪˈlɔŋ.ɡeɪt/ v
allonger
(transitive) To make long or longer by pulling and stretching; to make elongated.

elongated more elongated most elongated adj
élongé
extensive in length

elope /ɛˈloʊp/ /ɛˈləʊp/ /ɪˈloʊp/ /ɪˈləʊp/ v
enfuir
(intransitive, of a married person) To run away from home with a paramour.
fuguer
(intransitive, dated) To run away from home (for any reason).

elopement /ɪˈloʊpmənt/ elopements n
élopement
The act of running away from home with a paramour.
The act of running away secretly for the purpose of getting married.
disparition
The act of running away from home (for any reason).

eloquence /ˈɛl.ə.kwəns/ eloquences n
éloquence
The quality of artistry and persuasiveness in speech or writing.

eloquent /ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/ more eloquent most eloquent adj
éloquent
Fluently persuasive and articulate.
Effective in expressing meaning by speech.

else /ɛls/ /ɛlts/ adj
autre
(postpositive, used only with indefinite or interrogative pronouns) Other; in addition to previously mentioned items.

else /ɛls/ /ɛlts/ adv
sinon autrement
(usually follows interrogative adverbs) Otherwise, if not.

elucidate /i-/ /əˈlusəˌdeɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)uːsɪdeɪt/ v
élucider expliquer
(figurative) To make (something) clear and understandable; to clarify, to illuminate, to shed light on.

elucidation /ɪˌlu.sɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ elucidations n
élucidation
A making clear; the act of elucidating or that which elucidates, as an explanation, an exposition, an illustration

elude /iˈluwd/ /ɪˈljuːd/ /ɪˈluːd/ /ɪˈlyːd/ /ɪˈlɪu̯d/ /ɪˈlʉwd/ v
éluder
(transitive) To evade or escape from (someone or something), especially by using cunning or skill.

elusive /iˈl(j)u.sɪv/ /iˈl(j)uː.sɪv/ /ɪˈl(j)u.sɪv/ /ɪˈl(j)uː.sɪv/ more elusive most elusive adj
insaisissable évasif
Evading capture, comprehension or remembrance.

elute /i.ˈluːt/ v
éluer
(transitive) To separate one substance from another by means of a solvent; to wash; to cleanse.

elve elves n
elfe

elven /ˈɛlv(ə)n/ more elven most elven adj
elfique
Belonging or relating to, or characteristic of, elves; elfin, elflike. [from mid 20th c.]

elver /ˈɛlvə(ɹ)/ elvers n
anguille de verre bouiron civelle pibale
A young eel.

elytron /ˈɛlɪtɹɒn/ elytra n
élytre
A sheath or outer covering, especially around the spinal cord or over the hindwings of certain insects.

em /ˈɛm/ ems n
emme
The name of the Latin-script letter M.
cadratin
(typography) A unit of measurement equal to the height of the type in use.

em dash em dashes n
tiret cadratin
(typography) The symbol (—) (used to demarcate a parenthetical thought or to indicate a break, or for emphasis)

emaciate v
amaigrir émacier
(transitive) To make extremely thin or wasted.
s'amaigrir s'émacier
(intransitive) To become extremely thin or wasted.

emaciated /-meɪ.ʃi-/ /-ˈmeɪ.si-/ /i-/ /ə-/ /əˈmeɪ.ʃi.eɪ.tɪd/ /ɪˈmeɪ.siˌeɪ.tɪd/ more emaciated most emaciated adj
émacié
Thin or haggard, especially from hunger or disease.

emaciation emaciations n
émaciation
The act of making very lean.
émaciation émaciement
The state of being emaciated or reduced to excessive leanness; an excessively lean condition.

email /ˈiˌmeɪl/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ emails n
courriel courrier électronique email messagerie électronique
(uncountable) A system for transferring messages from one computer to another, usually through a network.
courriel courrier électronique e-mail email message électronique
(uncountable) A quantity of messages sent through an email system.
(countable) A message sent through an email system.
adresse courriel
(countable, informal) An email address.

email /ˈiˌmeɪl/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ v
courrieller envoyer par courriel
(transitive, ditransitive) To send (something) through email.
envoyer un courriel courrieller
(intransitive) To send, or compose and send, an email or emails.

emanate /ˈɛm.ə.ˌneɪt/ v
émaner
(intransitive) To come from a source; issue from.

emanation /ˌɛməˈneɪʃən/ emanations n
émanation
The act of flowing or proceeding (of something, quality, or feeling) from a source or origin.
That which issues, flows, or proceeds from any object as a source; efflux; an effluence.
radon émanation
(uncountable, obsolete, physics, chemistry) The element radon (Rn)

emancipate /ɪˈmænsɪpeɪt/ v
émanciper
To set free from the power of another; to liberate; as:

emancipation /ɪˌmæn.səˈpeɪ.ʃən/ emancipations n
émancipation
The state of being thus set free; liberation (used, for example, of slaves from bondage, of a person from prejudices, of the mind from superstition, of a nation from tyranny or subjugation).

emasculate /iˈmæs.kjə.lət/ /iˈmæs.kjəˌleɪt/ /əˈmæs.kjə.leɪt/ /əˈmæs.kjəˌleɪt/ /ɪˈmask.jəl.leɪt/ /ɪˈmask.jəl.lət/ /ɪˈmask.jʊl.lət/ /ɪˈmask.jʊlˌeɪt/ more emasculate most emasculate adj
émasculé
Deprived of virility or vigor; unmanned, weak.

emasculate /iˈmæs.kjə.lət/ /iˈmæs.kjəˌleɪt/ /əˈmæs.kjə.leɪt/ /əˈmæs.kjəˌleɪt/ /ɪˈmask.jəl.leɪt/ /ɪˈmask.jəl.lət/ /ɪˈmask.jʊl.lət/ /ɪˈmask.jʊlˌeɪt/ v
émasculer
(transitive) To deprive of virile or procreative power; to castrate, to geld. [from early 17th c.]

emasculation emasculations n
émasculation
The act of depriving of virility, or the state of being so deprived; castration.

embalm /ɪmˈbɑlm/ /ɪmˈbɑm/ /ɪmˈbɑːm/ /ɪmˈbɔm/ v
embaumer
(transitive) To treat a corpse with preservatives in order to prevent decomposition.
(transitive) To perfume or add fragrance to something.

embankment embankments n
talus chaussée
a long mound of earth, stone, or similar material, usually built for purposes such as to hold back or store water, for protection from weather or enemies, or to support a road or railway.

embarcadère embarcadères n
embarcadère
(rare) A pier, a wharf.

embarge /əmˈbɑɹd͡ʒ/ /əmˈbɑːdʒ/ v
embarquer
(transitive) To put in a barge.
embarquer monter
(intransitive) To board a barge; to embark.

embargo /ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/ /ɪmˈbɑːɡəʊ/ embargoes embargos n
embargo
An order by the government prohibiting ships from leaving port.
A ban on trade with another country.
A temporary ban on making certain information public.

embark /ɛmˈbɑɹk/ /ɛmˈbɑːk/ /ɪmˈbɑɹk/ /ɪmˈbɑːk/ v
embarquer monter
(transitive) To cause to go on board a vessel or boat; to put on shipboard.

embarkation embarkations n
embarquement
The act of embarking.

embarrass /ɪmˈbæɹ.əs/ /ɪmˈbɛɹ.əs/ v
embarrasser gêner
(transitive) to humiliate; to disrupt somebody's composure or comfort with acting publicly or freely; to abash.

embarrassed /ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/ /ɪmˈbɛɹ.əst/ more embarrassed most embarrassed adj
gêné embarrassé
Having a feeling of shameful discomfort.

embarrassing /ɪmˈbæɹəsɪŋ/ /ɪmˈbɛɹəsɪŋ/ more embarrassing most embarrassing adj
gênant embarrassant
Causing embarrassment; leading to a feeling of uncomfortable shame or self-consciousness.

embarrassment /ɪmˈbæɹəsmənt/ embarrassments n
embarras
A state of discomfort arising from bashfulness or consciousness of having violated a social rule; humiliation.
A state of confusion; hesitation; uncertainty
(être la) honte (de)
A person or thing which is the cause of humiliation to another.

embarrassment of riches embarrassments of riches n
embarras du choix
(idiomatic) An abundance or overabundance of something; too much of a good thing.

embassy /ˈɛmbəsi/ embassies n
ambassade
An organization or group of officials who permanently represent a sovereign state in a second sovereign state or with respect to an international organization such as the United Nations.

embattled /ɛmˈbæt(ə)ld/ /ɛmˈbætl̩d/ /ɪm-/ [-ɾ(ə)ld] more embattled most embattled adj
armé prêt pour la bataille
Armed or prepared for battle (literally or figuratively).
crénaux d'une muraille toujours en difficultés
(architecture) Of a fortress or other building, a wall, etc.: having battlements or crenellations; battlemented, crenellated.
crénelé
(by extension, heraldry) Having an upper edge or outline of alternating square indentations and extensions like battlements, unless the embattled item is a pale, cross or saltire, in which case it has the crenelations on all sides.
contesté encerclé
(figuratively) Subject to or troubled by attacks, controversy, or pressure.

embed /əmˈbɛd/ /ɛmˈbɛd/ /ɪmˈbɛd/ /ˈɛm.bɛd/ v
encastrer incruster insérer plonger dans
(transitive) To lay (something) as in a bed; to lay in surrounding matter; to bed.

embedded /ɛmˈbɛdɪd/ /ɪmˈbɛdɪd/ more embedded most embedded adj
imbriqué inclus incrusté
Part of; firmly, or securely surrounded; lodged solidly into; deep-rooted.

embedding embeddings n
plongement
(mathematics) A map which maps a subspace (smaller structure) to the whole space (larger structure).

embellish /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ/ v
embellir
To make more beautiful and attractive by adding ornamentation; to decorate.
To make something sound or look better or more acceptable than it is in reality; to distort, to embroider.

ember /ˈɛm.bə/ /ˈɛm.bɚ/ embers n
braise brandon tison
A piece of coal or wood glowing by heat; a hot coal.

embers n
braise
The smoldering or glowing remains of a fire, smoldering ash.

embezzle /əmˈbɛzəl/ v
détourner divertir
(legal, business) To steal or misappropriate money that one has been trusted with, especially to steal money from the organisation for which one works.

embezzlement /ˌəmˈbɛzəlmənt/ /ˌɪmˈbɛzəlmənt/ embezzlements n
détournement malversation
(legal, business) The fraudulent conversion of property from a property owner.

embiopteran embiopterans n
embioptère
Any of the tropical or subtropical insects of the order Embioptera, which spin silk from structures on their front legs.

embitter v
aigrir
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to be bitter.

emblem /ˈɛmbləm/ emblems n
emblème
A representative symbol, such as a trademark or logo.

emblem book emblem books n
livre d'emblèmes
A book, of a kind popular in 16th- and 17th-century Europe, containing allegorical illustrations with accompanying explanatory text, typically morals or poems.

emblematic /ˌɛmbləˈmatɪk/ more emblematic most emblematic adj
emblématique
Serving as, or relating to a symbol, emblem or illustration of a type.

embodiment embodiments n
incarnation
(countable) A physical entity typifying an abstract concept.

embody /ɪmˈbɒdi/ v
incarner personnifier
(transitive) To represent in a physical or concrete form; to incarnate or personify.
représenter
(transitive) To comprise or include as part of a cohesive whole; to be made up of.

embolden /ɛmˈbəʊldən/ /ɪmˈbəʊldən/ v
encourager enhardir
(transitive) To encourage, inspire, or motivate.

embolism /ˈɛmbəlɪzəm/ embolisms n
embolie
(pathology) An obstruction or occlusion of an blood vessel by an embolus, that is by a blood clot, air bubble or other matter that has been transported by the blood stream.
embolisme
The insertion or intercalation of days into the calendar in order to correct the error arising from the difference between the civil year and the solar year.

embolus /ˈɛmbələs/ emboli emboluses n
embole
(pathology) An obstruction causing an embolism: a blood clot, air bubble or other matter carried by the bloodstream and causing a blockage or occlusion of a blood vessel.

embonpoint /ɑ̃bɔ̃pwɛ̃/ embonpoints n
embonpoint
Plumpness, stoutness, especially when voluptuous.

emboss /əmˈbɑs/ /əmˈbɔs/ /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɒs/ v
estamper gaufrer bosseler
To decorate or mark (something) with a design or symbol in relief.

embouchure /ˈɑm.bə.ʃɚ/ /ˌɑm.bəˈʃʊɹ/ /ˌɒm.bʊˈʃʊə/ embouchures n
embouchure
(music) The use of the lips, facial muscles, tongue, and teeth when playing a wind instrument.

embourgeoisement /ɒmbɔːˈʒwazmɑ̃/ n
embourgeoisement
The process of adopting or the condition of adopting the characteristics of the bourgeoisie; bourgeoisification; the process of becoming affluent.

embrace /ɛmˈbɹeɪs/ /ɪmˈbɹeɪs/ embraces n
étreinte embrassade accolade embrassement
An act of putting arms around someone and bringing the person close to the chest; a hug.

embrace /ɛmˈbɹeɪs/ /ɪmˈbɹeɪs/ v
embrasser étreindre
(transitive) To clasp (someone or each other) in the arms with affection; to take in the arms; to hug.
embrasser
(transitive, figuratively) To enfold, to include (ideas, principles, etc.); to encompass.

embrasure /ɪmˈbɹeɪʒə(ɹ)/ embrasures n
embrasure ébrasure
(architectural element, military) Any of the indentations between the merlons of a battlement; an opening in a wall or parapet through which ordnance can be fired.

embrocation embrocations n
embrocation
(obsolete) The act of moistening and rubbing a diseased part with spirit, oil, etc.

embroider /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdə/ /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdɚ/ v
broder
To stitch a decorative design on fabric with needle and thread of various colours.
(figuratively) To add imaginary detail to a narrative to make it more interesting or acceptable.

embroiderer embroiderers n
brodeur
A person who embroiders

embroideress embroideresses n
brodeuse
female embroiderer

embroidery /ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/ embroideries n
broderie
The ornamentation of fabric using needlework.
A piece of embroidered fabric.
The elaboration of an account etc. with details, especially when fictitious.

embroil /əmˈbɹɔɪl/ /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/ v
embourber
To cause (someone) to be drawn into or involved in a difficult situation or state of contention.

embrown /əmˈbɹaʊn/ /ɛm-/ /ɪmˈbɹaʊn/ v
embrunir
To make (something) brown; to brown.
To become or make dark or dusky; to brown, to darken.

embryo /ˈɛmbɹi.oʊ/ /ˈɛmbɹi.əʊ/ embryones embryos n
embryon
In the reproductive cycle, the stage after the fertilization of the egg that precedes the development into a fetus.
An organism in the earlier stages of development before it emerges from the egg, or before metamorphosis.
In viviparous animals, the young animal's earliest stages in the mother's body
In humans, usually the cell growth of the child within the mother's body, through the end of the seventh week of pregnancy
(botany) A rudimentary plant contained in the seed.

embryogenesis embryogeneses n
embryogenèse
The process by which an embryo is formed and develops.

embryological adj
embryologique
Of or pertaining to embryology

embryologist embryologists n
embryologue embryologist
An expert or specialist in embryology

embryology embryologies n
embryologie
The scientific study of embryos.

embryonic /ˈɛm.bɹi.ɒn.ɪk/ more embryonic most embryonic adj
embryonnaire
(embryology) Of or relating to an embryo.
(figuratively) Of a project, etc: very new and still evolving; yet to reach its full potential.

emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/ more emerald most emerald adj
émeraude
Of a rich green colour.

emerald /ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/ emeralds n
émeraude
Any of various green gemstones, especially a green transparent form of beryl, highly valued as a precious stone.
Emerald green, a colour.

emerald ash borer emerald ash borers n
agrile du frêne
Agrilus planipennis, a green beetle native to Asia and a significant pest of ash trees in Europe and North America.

emerald green emerald greens n
vert émeraude émeraude
A rich green colour, like that of an emerald.

emerge /iˈmɜːd͡ʒ/ /iˈmɝd͡ʒ/ /ɪˈmɜːd͡ʒ/ /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒ/ v
émerger
(intransitive) To come into view.
(intransitive) To become known.
émerger sortir
(intransitive, copulative) To come out of a situation, object or a liquid.

emergence /iˈmɜː.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /iˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /ɪˈmɜː.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/ emergences n
émergence
The act of rising out of a fluid, or coming forth from envelopment or concealment, or of rising into view; sudden uprising or appearance.
In particular: the arising of emergent structure in complex systems.

emergency /iˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ /əˈmɜː(ɹ).dʒən.si/ /əˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ /ɪˈmɜː(ɹ).dʒən.si/ /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ emergencies n
urgences
urgence crise
A situation which poses an immediate risk and which requires urgent attention.

emergency brake emergency brakes n
signal d'alarme
A brake which can be used by passengers in a vehicle to stop in event of an emergency.

emergency dispatch center emergency dispatch centers n
centrale d'urgence

emergency exit emergency exits n
sortie de secours
An exit that is designed to allow rapid evacuation in the case of emergencies such as a fire.

emergency goalie emergency goalies n
gardien [[d']]urgence

emergency landing emergency landings n
atterrissage [[d']]urgence
(aviation) A sudden landing of an aircraft, made in case of an on-board emergency or another reason requiring an immediate landing.

emergency physician emergency physicians n
médecin d’urgence médecin urgentiste urgentiste urgentologue
A physician (or doctor) who works at an emergency department to care for acutely ill patients.

emergency room emergency rooms n
salle d'urgences salle des urgences
(United States, Canada, healthcare) A department of a hospital where seriously ill or injured patients, often with life-threatening conditions that require urgent or immediate treatment, are brought in, usually by ambulance.

emergency service emergency services n
service de secours
Any public service that deals with emergencies; especially the police, fire, ambulance, or lifeboat services.

emergency vehicle emergency vehicles n
véhicule [[d']]urgence véhicule de secours véhicule prioritaire
A vehicle that is designated to respond to an emergency, such as a police car, ambulance, fire engine or lifeboat.

emergent /ɪˈmɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /ɪˈmɝ.d͡ʒənt/ more emergent most emergent adj
émergent
Emerging; coming into view or into existence; nascent; new.

emerging /iˈmɜːd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ɪˈmɝd͡ʒɪŋ/ more emerging most emerging adj
émergent
Becoming prominent; emergent; rising.

emeritus /-ˈmɚ-/ /əˈmɛɹətaɪ/ /əˈmɛɹətəs/ /ɪˈmɛɹɪtaɪ/ /ɪˈmɛɹɪtəs/ [-ɾəs] adj
émérite
(often, postpositive) Retired, but retaining an honorific version of a previous title.

emery /ˈɛməɹi/ emeries n
émeri
(mineral) An impure type of corundum, often used for sanding or polishing.

emetic /əˈmɛt.ɪk/ more emetic most emetic adj
émétique vomitif
(pharmaceutical effect) Causing nausea and vomiting.

emetic /əˈmɛt.ɪk/ emetics n
émétique vomitif
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent that induces vomiting.

emetin n
émétine

emetophilia n
émétophilie
A sexual fetish in which an individual is aroused by vomiting, or by seeing others vomit.

emetophobia /ɪˌmɛt.əˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ n
émétophobie
An inordinate fear of vomit or vomiting, especially in public.

emigrant /ˈɛmɪɡɹənt/ emigrants n
émigrant émigrante émigré émigrée
Someone who leaves a country to settle in a new country.

emigrate /ˈɛmɪɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɪmɪɡɹeɪt/ v
émigrer
(intransitive) To leave the country in which one lives, especially one's native country, in order to reside elsewhere.

emigration emigrations n
émigration
The act of emigrating; movement of a person or persons out of a country or national region, for the purpose of permanent relocation of residence.

eminent /ˈɛmɪnənt/ more eminent most eminent adj
remarquable
Noteworthy, remarkable, great.
éminent
(of a person) Distinguished, important, noteworthy.

eminent domain n
expropriation expropriation pour cause d'utilité publique
(legal, US, Philippines) The right of a government over the private property within its jurisdiction. Usually invoked to compel land owners to sell their property in preparation for a major construction project such as a freeway.
domaine direct domaine éminent
(historical) In feudalism, the legal interest or rights of a lord or superior in an estate in land held in fee, as opposed to the vassal's or tenant's interest.

eminently /ˈɛmɪnəntli/ more eminently most eminently adv
éminemment
In an eminent or prominent manner.
parfaitement éminemment
To a great degree; notably; highly.

emir /ɛˈmɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛmɪə(ɹ)/ emirs umara n
émir
A prince, commander or other leader or ruler in an Islamic nation.

emirate /ˈɛməɹət/ emirates n
émirat
A country ruled by an emir.

emissary /ˈɛmɪˌsɛɹi/ emissaries n
émissaire
An agent sent on a mission to represent the interests of someone else.

emission /ɪˈmɪʃn̩/ /ɪˈmɪʃən/ emissions n
émission
Something which is emitted or sent out; issue.
The act of emitting; the act of sending forth or putting into circulation.

emission allowance emission allowances n
quota d'émission

emission spectrum emission spectra emission spectrums n
spectre d’émission
(physics) The spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.

emit /iˈmɪt/ /ɪˈmɪt/ v
émettre
(intransitive) To come out, to be sent out or given off.

emitter /iːmɪtə/ /əmɪtə/ emitters n
émetteur
That which emits something.
(electronics) One terminal of a bipolar transistor (BJT).

emmer /ˈɛmə/ /ˈɛmɚ/ emmers n
amidonnier
Any of species Triticum dicoccon, one of a group of hulled wheats that are important food grains. [from 1908]

emobility n
électromobilité
The use of electric vehicles, including the technology and infrastructure to support that use.

emoji /iˈmoʊd͡ʒi/ /ɪˈmoʊd͡ʒi/ /ɪˈməʊdʒi/ emoji emojis n
emoji émoji
A digital graphic icon with a unique code point used to represent a concept, object, person, animal or place, originally used in Japanese text messaging but since adopted internationally in other contexts such as social media. Or, by extension, any non-standard emoji-like image inserted inline in text, i.e. an image emoticon.

emollient /ɪˈmɑl.jənt/ /ɪˈmɒl.ɪ.ənt/ more emollient most emollient adj
lénifiant
(figurative) Soothing or mollifying.

emollient /ɪˈmɑl.jənt/ /ɪˈmɒl.ɪ.ənt/ emollients n
émollient
Something which softens or lubricates the skin; moisturizer.

emolument /-jə-/ /əˈmɑljəmənt/ /ɛ-/ /ɪˈmɒljʊm(ə)nt/ emoluments n
émolument
(formal) Payment for employment or an office; compensation for a job, which is usually monetary.

emoticon /ɪˈmoʊtəˌkɑn/ /ɪˈməʊtɪˌkɒn/ emoticons n
émoticône binette émoticone frimousse
A graphical representation of a particular emotion of the writer, used especially in SMS, email, or other electronic communication.

emotion /iˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈmoʊʃən/ /ɪˈməʊʃən/ emotions n
émotion
A person's internal state of being and involuntary physiological response to an object or a situation, based on or tied to physical state and sensory data.

emotional /iˈmoʊʃənəl/ /ɪˈmoʊʃnəl/ /ɪˈmoʊʃənəl/ /ɪˈməʊʃnəl/ /ɪˈməʊʃənəl/ more emotional most emotional adj
émotionnel
Of or relating to the emotions.
Characterised by emotion.
émotif
Determined by emotion rather than reason.
Easily affected by emotion.

emotional blackmail n
chantage affectif
The psychological abuse of a person's emotions or insecurities in order to influence their behaviour.

emotional intelligence emotional intelligences n
intelligence émotionnelle
(psychology) The ability, capacity, or skill to perceive, assess, and manage the emotions of oneself, of others, and of groups.

empathic /ɛmˈpæθɪk/ more empathic most empathic adj
empathique
Showing or expressing empathy.
(science fiction) Of, pertaining to, or being an empath: of or having the capability of sensing the emotions of others.

empathize /ˈɛmpəˌθaɪz/ v
[[apitoyer|s'apitoyer]] compatir
(intransitive) to feel empathy for another person

empathy /ˈɛmpəθi/ empathies n
empathie
Identification with or understanding of the thoughts, feelings, or emotional state of another person.
The capacity to understand another person's point of view or the result of such understanding.

emperor /ˈempɘɹɘ/ /ˈempɹɘ/ /ˈɛmpəɹə/ /ˈɛmpəɹɚ/ /ˈɛmpɹə/ /ˈɛmpɹɚ/ emperors n
empereur
Any monarch ruling an empire, irrespective of gender, with "empress" contrasting to mean the consort of an emperor.

emperor penguin emperor penguins n
manchot empereur
The largest of penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), that inhabits Antarctica.

emphasis /ˈɛmfəsɪs/ [ˈeɱfəsəs] [ˈeɱfəsɪs] [ˈɛɱfəsəs] [ˈɛɱfəsɪs] emphases n
graisse
emphase accent
Special weight or forcefulness given to something considered important.

emphasize /ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/ [ˈɛɱ.fə.saɪz] v
souligner accentuer
(transitive) To stress, give emphasis or extra weight to (something).

emphatic /əmˈfætək/ /ɛmˈfætɪk/ /ɪm-/ more emphatic most emphatic adj
emphatique
Characterized by emphasis; forceful.
Stated with conviction.
(phonology) Belonging to a series of obstruent consonants in several Afro-Asiatic languages that are distinguished by a guttural (co-)articulation.

emphysema /ˌɛmfə-/ /ˌɛmfɪˈsimə/ /ˌɛmfɪˈsiːmə/ /ˌɛmfɪˈzimə/ emphysemas emphysemata n
emphysème
(pathology) An abnormal accumulation of air or other gas in tissues, most commonly the lungs.

emphyteusis /ɛmfɪˈtjuːsɪs/ emphyteuses n
emphytéose
(legal) A right to enjoyment of property with a given stipulation that the property will be improved or maintained in an agreed upon manner; long leasehold

emphyteutic adj
emphytéotique
(legal) Of, pertaining to, or subject to emphyteusis

empire /ˈɛm.paɪ̯.ə/ /ˈɛm.paɪ̯ə̯/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈɛmˌpaɪ̯ɹ/ empires n
empire
A political state, often a monarchy, that has achieved a much greater current size than its initial size by conquering surrounding territories, cities or nations.
A political unit ruled by an emperor or empress.
The group of states or other territories that owe allegiance to an imperial power (foreign to them), when distinguished from the native territory of that power; imperial possessions.
An expansive and powerful enterprise under the control of one person or group.

empirical /ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/ more empirical most empirical adj
empirique
Pertaining to or based on experience (often, in contrast with having a basis in theoretical explanation) .

empiricism empiricisms n
empirisme
(philosophy) A doctrine which holds that the only or, at least, the most reliable source of human knowledge is experience, especially perception by means of the physical senses. (Often contrasted with rationalism.) [from 18th c.]

empiricist empiricists n
empiriste
an advocate or supporter of empiricism

employ /ɛmˈplɔɪ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ employs n
emploi
The state of being an employee; employment.
(obsolete) The act of employing someone or making use of something; employment.

employ /ɛmˈplɔɪ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ/ v
employer embaucher recruter
(rare) To provide (someone) with a new job; to hire.
employer utiliser
To make busy; to preoccupy.

employability /ɪmˌplɔɪəˈbɪləti/ employabilities n
employabilité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being employable.

employable more employable most employable adj
employable
(especially of a person) Able to be employed.

employed /ɛmˈplɔɪd/ /ɪmˈplɔɪd/ more employed most employed adj
actif
In a job; working.

employee /(ˌ)ɪm-/ /ɛmplɔɪˈiː/ /ˌɛmˈplɔɪiː/ employees n
employé employée salarié salariée
An individual who provides labor to a company or another person.

employer /ɛmplɔɪˈə/ /ɛmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɛmˈplɔɪə/ /ɪmˈplɔɪ.ɚ/ /ɪmˈplɔɪə/ employers n
employeur employeuse
A person, firm or other entity which pays for or hires the services of another person.

employment /ɛmˈplɔɪmənt/ /ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ employments n
travail emploi
The occupation or work for which one is used, and often paid.
emploi
The act of employing.
The state of being employed.
A purpose, a use.

employment agency employment agencies n
agence pour l'emploi
An organisation that matches employers to employees.

employment contract employment contracts n
contrat de travail
(legal) A category of contract used in labor law to attribute right and responsibilities between parties to a bargain.

employment tribunal employment tribunals n
prud'hommes
(law, E&W) A tribunal with jurisdiction to hear disputes related to employment (such as unfair dismissal); the mandatory court of first instance in such claims.

empower /ɛmˈpaʊə(ɹ)/ /ɪmˈpaʊə(ɹ)/ v
autoriser
(transitive) To give permission, power, or the legal right to do something.
encapaciter
(transitive) To give someone more confidence and/or strength to do something, often by enabling them to increase their control over their own life or situation.

empowerment empowerments n
autonomisation
The state of being empowered (either generally, or specifically).

empress /ˈɛmpɹəs/ empresses n
impératrice
The female monarch (ruler) of an empire.
The wife or widow of an emperor or equated ruler.

empress dowager empress dowagers empresses dowager empresses dowagers n
impératrice douairière
The mother or widow of an emperor, especially in a Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese empire.

emptiness emptinesses n
vide vacuité néant
The state or feeling of being empty.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ emptier emptiest adj
vide
Devoid of content; containing nothing or nobody; vacant.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ empties n
cadavre
(chiefly in the plural) A container, especially a bottle, whose contents have been used up, leaving it empty.

empty /ˈɛm.ti/ /ˈɛmp.ti/ v
vider
(transitive, ergative) To make empty; to void; to remove the contents of.

empty constructor empty constructors n
constructeur par défaut
(object-oriented) Constructor with no argument.

empty product empty products n
produit vide
(arithmetic) The result of multiplying no numbers, conventionally defined to equal one.

empty set empty sets n
ensemble vide
(set theory) The unique set that contains no elements, denoted ∅ or {}.

empty sum empty sums n
somme vide
(arithmetic) The result of adding no numbers, conventionally defined to equal zero.

empty the tank v
se donner à fond
(idiomatic) To make the utmost effort; to contribute to the absolute limit of one's energy and abilities.

empty vessels make the most sound proverb
c'est pas parce qu'on n'a rien à dire qu'il faut fermer sa gueule
Talkative, opinionated people are often ignorant.

emptyhanded more emptyhanded most emptyhanded adj
bredouille
Having received or acquired nothing
les mains vides
Having nothing to offer; unable to give what was promised.

empyema /ɛm.paɪˈiː.mə/ /ɛm.pʌɪˈiː.mə/ empyemas empyemata n
empyème
(medical sign) A collection of pus within a naturally existing anatomical cavity (as opposed to an abscess, which occurs in a newly formed cavity).

empyrean /ɛmˈpɪɹi.ən/ /ɛmˌpaɪˈɹiːn̩/ adj
Empyrée
Of the sky or the heavens, and particularly relating to the highest celestial sphere in premodern cosmology; celestially refined.

emu /ˈim(j)u/ /ˈiːmjuː/ emus n
émeu émeus
A large flightless bird native to Australia, Dromaius novaehollandiae. [from 18th c.]

emulate /ˈɛm.jə.leɪt/ v
copier simuler
émuler
(now, _, rare) To attempt to equal or be the same as.
(obsolete) To feel a rivalry with; to be jealous of, to envy.
(computing) of a program or device: to imitate another program or device
imiter émuler
To copy or imitate, especially a person.

emulator /ˈɛmjəˌleɪtəɹ/ emulators n
émulateur émulatrice
A person or thing that emulates.
émulateur
(computing) A piece of software or hardware that simulates another system.

emulsifier /əˈmʌl.sɪf.aɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɪi.mʌl.sɪf.aɪ.ə(ɹ)/ emulsifiers n
émulsifiant
A substance that helps an emulsion form, or helps keep an emulsion from separating.

emulsion emulsions n
émulsion
A stable suspension of small droplets of one liquid in another with which it is immiscible.

en /ɪn/ /ˈɛn/ ens n
enne
The name of the Latin-script letter N.

en banc adv
en formation plénière

en bloc adv
en bloc
as a whole; all at once; all together.

en dash en dashes n
tiret demi-cadratin
(typography) The punctuation mark –, which is used, for instance, to indicate a range.

en garde /ɑn ˈɡɑɹd/ interjection
en garde

en masse /ɑn ˈmæs/ /ɒn ˈmæs/ /ɒ̃ ˈmæs/ /ɪn ˈmæs/ adv
en masse
In a single body or group; as one, together.

en passant /ˌɑn pæˈsɑnt/ /ˌɑn pəˈsɑnt/ /ˌɒ̃ pæˈsɒ̃/ adv
en passant
In passing, by the way, incidentally. [from early 17th c.]
(of capturing an enemy pawn in chess) By moving one's pawn to the square that the enemy pawn has just passed over.

en passant /ˌɑn pæˈsɑnt/ /ˌɑn pəˈsɑnt/ /ˌɒ̃ pæˈsɒ̃/ en passants n
en passant
(chess) A move in which a pawn captures an opposing pawn on the same rank immediately after the latter has moved forward two squares on its first move in the game, as if it had moved forward only one square.

en route /ɑ(ː)n ɹu(ː)t/ /ɑ̃ ɹu(ː)t/ /ɒn ɹu(ː)t/ /ɛn ɹu(ː)t/
en route
On the way.
sur la route sur le chemin
Along the way.

enable /ɪˈneɪbəl/ v
permettre autoriser
To make somebody able (to do, or to be, something); to give sufficient ability or power to do or to be; to give strength or ability to.
permettre
To qualify or approve for some role or position; to render sanction or authorization to; to confirm suitability for.
activer
(chiefly, electronics, computing) To activate, to make operational (especially of a function of an electronic or mechanical device).

enact /ɪˈnækt/ v
promulguer
(transitive, legal) To make (a bill) into law.
jouer
(transitive) To act the part of; to play.

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/ enamels n
émail glaçure
An opaque, glassy coating baked onto metal or ceramic objects.
émail
A coating that dries to a hard, glossy finish.
The hard covering on the exposed part of a tooth.

enamel /ɪˈnæməl/ v
émailler
(transitive) To coat or decorate with enamel.
(transitive) To variegate with colours, as if with enamel.

enameling enamelings n
émaillerie
The art of applying enamel

enamored /ɪˈnæməɹd/ more enamored most enamored adj
amoureux enamouré
In love, amorous.

enantio- /ɛnˈæntɪəʊ/ /ɛˌnæntɪˈɒ/ /ɛˌnæntɪˈəʊ/ prefix
énantio-
opposite, opposed, opposing

enantiodromic more enantiodromic most enantiodromic adj
énantiodromique
Relating to enantiodromia.

enantiomer enantiomers n
énantiomère
(chemistry) One of a pair of stereoisomers that is the mirror image of the other, but may not be superimposed on this other stereoisomer. Almost always, a pair of enantiomers contain at least one chiral center, and a sample of either enantiomer will be optically active.

enantiotropic more enantiotropic most enantiotropic adj
énantiotrope

enantiotropism n
énantiotropisme
The reversible transformation of a crystal between different forms when heated above, or cooled below, a transition-point temperature.

enarthrosis enarthroses n
énarthrose
(anatomy) A ball-and-socket joint.

enby /ˈɛnbi/ adj
NB enby

enby /ˈɛnbi/ enbies n
NB enby
(neologism, informal) A person whose gender identity is not strictly male or female; one who is outside of the gender binary.

enbyphobia /ɛn.bi.foʊ.bi.ə/ n
embyphobie enbyphobie
(neologism) Fear, dislike, or hatred of non-binary people and/or of non-binariness.

enbyphobic more enbyphobic most enbyphobic adj
embyphobe enbyphobe
Showing enbyphobia or pertaining to it.

encampment /ɪnˈkæmpmənt/ encampments n
campement
A campsite.
A group of temporary living quarters or other temporary structures.

encapsulate /ɪnˈkæps(j)ʊˌleɪt/ v
encapsuler
(transitive) To enclose something in, or as if in, a capsule.
(software, object-oriented) To enclose objects in a common interface in a way that makes them interchangeable, and guards their states from invalid changes.

encapsulation encapsulations n
encapsulation
The act of enclosing in a capsule; the growth of a membrane around (any part) so as to enclose it in a capsule.
(programming, object-oriented) Grouping together an object’s ‘state’ (its data) and the operations that may alter or interrogate it (its methods).

encephalitis /ɛnˌkɛfəˈlaɪtɪs/ /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlaɪtɪs/ encephalitides n
encéphalite
(pathology) Inflammation of the brain.

encephalo- prefix
encéphalo-
Pertaining to the brain.

encephalographic adj
encéphalographique
Relating to, or employing encephalography.

encephalography /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒɡɹəfi/ encephalographies n
encéphalographie
(medicine) An X-ray examination of the brain in which air replaces some of the cerebrospinal fluid to act as a contrast medium

encephalon /-ˈsɛfəlɑn/ /ɛnˈsɛfəlɒn/ /ɛnˈsɛfələn/ /ɪn-/ [ɛnˈsɛfəln̩] [ɛnˈsɛfəlɔn] [ɪnˈsɛfəɫn̩] [ɪnˈsɛfəɫɑn] encephala encephalons n
encéphale
(neuroanatomy) The area of central nervous system that includes all higher nervous centers, enclosed within the skull and continuous with the spinal cord; the brain.

encephalopathy /ɛnˌsɛfəˈlɒpəθi/ encephalopathies n
encéphalopathie
(pathology, neurology) Any of various conditions affecting the brain.

enchant /enˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɘnˈt͡ʃɐːnt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃant/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃɑːnt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃænt/ /ˈɪnˌt͡ʃɑːnt/ v
enchanter
To attract and delight, to charm.

enchanted /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɪd/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃɑːntɪd/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɪd/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃɑːntɪd/ more enchanted most enchanted adj
enchanté
Under the influence of enchantment.

enchanter /ənˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɛnˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːntə/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɚ/ enchanters enchantress n
enchanteur enchanteuse
A spellcaster, conjurer, wizard, sorcerer or soothsayer who specializes in enchantments.

enchanting /ɪnˈtʃɑːntɪŋ/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɪŋ/ more enchanting most enchanting adj
enchanteur enchanteresse
Having the ability to enchant; charming, delightful.

enchantment /ən-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːnt.mənt/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃænt.mənt/ enchantments n
enchantement ensorcellement
The act of enchanting or the feeling of being enchanted.

enchantress /-ɹəs/ /ɛnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɛnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈtʃɑːntɹɪs/ /ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/ enchanter enchantresses n
enchanteresse
A woman, especially an attractive one, skilled at using magic; an alluring witch.

enchondroma enchondromas enchondromata n
enchondrome
(medicine, pathology) A cartilage cyst found in the bone marrow.

encircle /ɪnˈsɜːkl̩/ /ɪnˈsɝkl̩/ v
encercler
(transitive) To surround, form a circle around.

enclave /ˈɑnkleɪv/ /ˈɑŋkleɪv/ /ˈɒ̃kleɪv/ /ˈɛnkleɪv/ /ˈɛŋkleɪv/ enclaves n
enclave
A political, cultural or social entity or part thereof that is completely surrounded by another.

enclitic /ɛnˈklɪtɪk/ /ɪnˈklɪtɪk/ adj
enclitique
(grammar) Affixed phonetically.

enclosed /ənˈkloʊzd/ /ənˈkləʊzd/ more enclosed most enclosed adj
ci-joint enfermé
Contained; held within a container.
clos enclos
Surrounded by a wall, fence or similar barrier.

enclosure /ɘnˈklɐʉʒɘ/ /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/ /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/ enclosures n
pièce jointe
(countable) Something enclosed, i.e. inserted into a letter or similar package.
cloître encloitrer encloîtrer
(uncountable) The act of enclosing, i.e. the insertion or inclusion of an item in a letter or package.
enclos
(countable) An area, domain, or amount of something partially or entirely enclosed by barriers.
cloitrer
(uncountable) The act of separating and surrounding an area, domain, or amount of something with a barrier.
cloître
(uncountable, by extension) The act of restricting access to ideas, works of art or technologies using patents or intellectual property laws.

encode /ɪnˈkoʊd/ /ɪnˈkəʊd/ v
coder encoder
(transitive) To convert (plain text) into code.
(transitive, communication) To convert source information into another form.
(biology) To constitute the code necessary for the biosynthesis of a protein by means of a matrix so as to transcribe DNA material.

encoder encoders n
encodeur
A device or algorithm used to encode something.

encoding /ɪnˈkoʊdɪŋ/ /ɪnˈkəʊdɪŋ/ encodings n
codage
(computing) The way in which symbols are mapped onto bytes, e.g. in the rendering of a particular font, or in the mapping from keyboard input into visual text.

encompass /-ˈkɑmpəs/ /ən-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈkampəs/ /ɪnˈkʌmpəs/ v
encercler
(transitive) To form a circle around; to encircle.
comprendre entourer renfermer englober inclure
(transitive) To include within its scope; to circumscribe or go round so as to surround; to enclose; to contain.
comprendre renfermer englober inclure
(transitive) To include completely; to describe fully or comprehensively.

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ interjection
bis!
(said by audience members after a performance) Please perform again!

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ encores n
bis
A brief extra performance, done after the main performance is complete.
bis rappel
A call or demand (as by continued applause) for a repeat performance.

encore /ˈɑnkɔɹ/ /ˈɑŋkɔɹ/ /ˈɒŋkɔː/ /ˈɒ̃kɔː/ v
bisser
(intransitive) To call for an encore.
(intransitive) To perform an encore.

encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntə/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntɚ/ encounters n
rencontre
A meeting, especially one that is unplanned or unexpected.

encounter /ɪnˈkaʊntə/ /ɪnˈkaʊntɚ/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntə/ /ɪŋˈkaʊntɚ/ v
rencontrer
(transitive) To meet (someone) or find (something), especially unexpectedly.

encourage /ɪnˈkɝ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
encourager
To mentally support; to motivate, give courage, hope or spirit.
To spur on, strongly recommend.

encouragement [ɪnˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒmənt] encouragements n
encouragement
The act of encouraging
Something that incites, supports, promotes, protects or advances; incentive

encrust /ɪŋˈkɹʌst/ v
encrouter encroûter
(transitive) To cover with a hard crust.
incruster
(transitive) To inset or affix decorative materials upon (a surface); to inlay into, as a piece of carving or other ornamental object.

encrypt /ɪnˈkrɪpt/ v
crypter chiffrer coder
To conceal information by means of a code or cipher.

encrypted adj
chiffré
Being in code; having been encrypted.

encryption /ɛnˈkɹɪpʃən/ /ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/ /ɪŋˈkɹɪpʃən/ encryptions n
chiffrement
(cryptography) The process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge, key files, or passwords.

encyclical /ɛnˈsɪklɪkəl/ encyclicals n
encyclique
A papal letter, intended for general circulation in the Catholic Church.

encyclopedia /ənˌsəɪ.kləˈpi.di.ə/ /ɪnˌsaɪ.kləˈpi(ː).di.ə/ encyclopediae encyclopedias encyclopediæ n
encyclopédie
A comprehensive reference work (often spanning several printed volumes) with articles (usually arranged in alphabetical order, or sometimes arranged by category) on a range of subjects, sometimes general, sometimes limited to a particular field.

encyclopedic more encyclopedic most encyclopedic adj
encyclopédique
Of or relating to the characteristics of an encyclopedia; concerning all subjects, having comprehensive information or knowledge.
(lexicography) Relating to or containing descriptive information rather than only linguistic or lexical information; about facts and concepts, and not only a word or term; including proper names, biographical and geographical information and illustrations.

encyclopedic dictionary encyclopedic dictionaries n
dictionnaire encyclopédique
A form of dictionary with long, detailed entries on words (and often famous people and places), usually with pictures.

encyclopedicity /ɛnˌsaɪ.kləʊˈpiːˌdɪs.ɪ.ti/ n
encyclopédicité
The quality or state of being encyclopedic.

end /iːnd/ /ɛnd/ /ɪnd/ ends n
fin bout extrémité
The most extreme point of an object, especially one that is longer than it is wide.
bout
(curling) A period of play in which each team throws eight rocks, two per player, in alternating fashion.

end /iːnd/ /ɛnd/ /ɪnd/ v
finir terminer
(transitive) To finish, terminate.

end in itself ends in themselves n
fin en soi
Something that is desired for its own sake, and not as a means of obtaining something else.

end lockdown v
déconfiner

end of the line ends of the line ends of the lines n
terminus
The termination point of a railway or similar transportation system.

end of the world ends of the world n
fin du monde
Destruction of Earth.
fin du monde mort d'homme
(idiomatic) Any change that seems catastrophic or devastating.

end one's days v
finir sa vie finir ses jours

end result end results n
aboutissement résultat des courses résultat final

end times n
fin des temps consommation des siècles
(Christianity) The days leading up to the second coming of the Messiah (Christ), when the world will be judged.

end up v
finir par
(transitive) To bring to a conclusion.
(transitive) To lift or tilt, so as to set on end.
finir finir par se finir se retrouver se terminer
(copulative) To come to a final place, condition, or situation, sometimes unplanned or unexpected; to turn out.

end user end users n
utilisateur final
The final consumer of a product; the intended recipient or user.

end- /ɛnd/ prefix
endo-

endanger /ɛnˈdeɪndʒə/ /ɛnˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ /ɪnˈdeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ v
compromettre mettre en danger
(transitive) To put (someone or something) in danger; to risk causing harm to.

endangered more endangered most endangered adj
en danger
in danger, at risk, said of something where there is a strong possibility something bad will happen to it (for example, a species in danger of going extinct)

endangered species endangered species n
espèce en danger espèce en voie de disparition espèce menacée
(biology) A species which is in danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range.

endbutton endbuttons n
bouton
(lutherie) In a violin-family instrument, the carved wooden plug which sits in the bottom block of the instrument.

endearing /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈdɪəɹɪŋ/ /ɪnˈdɪɹɪŋ/ more endearing most endearing adj
attendrissant
Inspiring affection or love, often in a childlike way.

endearment endearments n
affection
An expression of affection.

endeavor /ɛnˈdɛv.ɚ/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ə/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ɚ/ endeavors n
effort entreprise
A sincere attempt; a determined or assiduous effort towards a specific goal; assiduous or persistent activity.

endeavor /ɛnˈdɛv.ɚ/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ə/ /ɪnˈdɛv.ɚ/ v
tenter tâcher s’efforcer
(intransitive) To attempt through application of effort (to do something); to try strenuously. [from 16th c.]
se dévouer à quelque chose tâcher
To work with purpose.

endectocide endectocides n
endectocide

endemic /ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/ /ɪnˈdɛm.ɪk/ adj
indigène
endémique
(especially of diseases) Prevalent in a particular area or region.

endemic /ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/ /ɪnˈdɛm.ɪk/ endemics n
endémie
A disease affecting a number of people simultaneously, so as to show a distinct connection with certain localities.

endgame /ɛnd.ɡeɪm/ endgames n
finale
(chess) The final stage of a game of chess, when there are few pieces left. [1884]

endimanched adj
endimanché
Dressed up in their Sunday best.

ending /ˈɛndɪŋ/ endings n
fin
A termination or conclusion.

endive /ɒnˈdiːv/ /ˈɒndiːv/ /ˈɛndaɪv/ /ˈɛndɪv/ endives n
laitue romaine
A leafy salad vegetable, Cichorium endivia, which is often confused with common chicory (Cichorium intybus).

endless /ˈɛndləs/ /ˈɛndlɪs/ adj
interminable infini perpétuel
Having no end.

endlessly /ˈɛndləsli/ more endlessly most endlessly adv
indéfiniment sans fin
In an endless manner; continuously without limit.

endling /ˈɛndlɪŋ/ endlings n
dernier spécimen recensé
(rare) The last individual of its species or subspecies, which therefore becomes extinct upon its death.

endnote endnotes n
note
An annotation placed at the end of a document or chapter of a document.

endocarditis endocarditides endocarditises n
endocardite
(pathology, cardiology) An inflammation of the endocardium and possibly the heart valves.

endocardium endocardia endocardiums n
endocarde
(anatomy, cardiology) A thin serous membrane that lines the interior of the heart.

endocarp endocarps n
endocarpe
(botany) The woody inner layer of the pericarp of some fruits that contains the seed.

endocentric adj
endocentrique
(grammar, of a phrase or compound word) fulfilling the same grammatical role as one of its constituents.

endocrine /ˈɛnd.oʊ.kɹɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹaɪn/ /ˈɛndə(ʊ)kɹɪn/ adj
endocrine
Producing internal secretions that are transported around the body by the bloodstream.

endocrine gland endocrine glands n
glande endocrine
(anatomy) Any of various glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph and not through a duct.

endocrine system endocrine systems n
système endocrinien
(physiology) A control system of ductless glands that secrete hormones which circulate via the bloodstream to affect cells within specific organs.

endocrinological adj
endocrinologique
Of or pertaining to endocrinology.

endocrinologist /ˈɛn.dəʊ.kɹɪnˌɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ endocrinologists n
endocrinologue
A person who is skilled at, or practices, endocrinology.

endocrinology /ˌɛn.də.krɪˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛn.də.krɪˈnɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ endocrinologies n
endocrinologie
(physiology) The study of the endocrine glands of the human body, the hormones produced by them, and their related disorders.

endoderm endoderms n
endoderme
One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal. Through development, it will produce the digestive system of the adult.

endodermic adj
endodermique
(biology) Of or relating to the endoderm; endodermal.

endogamous adj
endogame endogamique
(of a marriage) Taking place within a social group.

endogamy /ɛnˈdɒɡəmi/ endogamies n
endogamie
The practice of marrying or requiring to marry within one's own ethnic, religious, or social group.

endogeic adj
endogé

endogeneity endogeneities n
endogénéité
(uncountable) The state of being endogenous.

endogenous /ɪnˈdɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ɪnˈdɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ more endogenous most endogenous adj
endogène
Produced, originating or growing from within.
Of a natural process: caused by factors within the body.

endohedral adj
endoédrique

endolysin endolysins n
endolysine

endometrectomy endometrectomies n
endométrectomie

endometrioid more endometrioid most endometrioid adj
endométrioïde

endometriosis /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsəs/ /ˌɛndoʊˌmiːtɹiˈoʊsɪs/ endometrioses n
endométriose
(medicine, pathology) A condition characterised by the presence of endometrial-like tissue elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; an instance of such presence.

endometrium /ˌɛndəˈmiːtɹi.əm/ endometria n
endomètre
(anatomy) The mucous membrane that lines the uterus in mammals and in which fertilized eggs are implanted.

endonym endonyms n
endonyme
A name used by a group or category of people to refer to themselves or their language, as opposed to a name given to them by other groups.

endoparasite /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˌɛndəˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ endoparasites n
endoparasite
A parasite that lives inside the body of an organism, such as a tapeworm.

endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticula n
réticulum endoplasmique
(cytology) A network of membranes within the cytoplasm of cells, where proteins and lipids are synthesized.

endorheic /-də/ /ˌɛndoʊˈɹiɪk/ /ˌɛndə(ʊ)ˈɹiːɪk/ adj
endoréique
(hydrology) Of a basin or lake: having no outflow to an external body of water such as a river or ocean, and only losing water through evaporation or seepage into the ground.

endorphin /ɛnˈdɔ(ɹ)fɪn/ /ɛnˈdɔːfɪn/ endorphins n
endorphine
(biochemistry) Any of a group of peptide hormones found in the mammalian brain that act as neurotransmitters and have properties similar to morphine.

endorse /ɛnˈdɔɹs/ /ɪnˈdɔɹs/ /ɪnˈdɔːs/ v
soutenir approuver
To express support or approval, especially officially or publicly.
endosser
To write one's signature on the back of a cheque, or other negotiable instrument, when transferring it to a third party, or cashing it.

endorsement endorsements n
soutien
Support from an important, renowned figure of a media (celebrity, politics, sports, etc.), to get back up.

endoscope endoscopes n
endoscope
An instrument used to examine a bodily orifice or canal, or a hollow organ.

endoscopic adj
endoscopique
Of, or relating to endoscopy or an endoscope.

endoscopy /ɛnˈdɔ.skə.pi/ endoscopies n
endoscopie
(medicine) The examination of a bodily orifice, canal or organ using an endoscope.

endoskeletal adj
endosquelettique
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to an internal skeleton, usually of bone (an endoskeleton).

endoskeleton endoskeleta endoskeletons n
endosquelette
(anatomy) The internal skeleton of an animal, which in vertebrates is composed of bone and cartilage.

endosome endosomes n
endosome
(biology) An endocytic vacuole through which molecules internalized during endocytosis pass en route to lysosomes

endosperm endosperms n
albumen
(biology) The tissue surrounding the embryo of flowering plant seeds, that provides nutrition to the developing embryo; usually triploid.

endosymbiosis endosymbioses n
endosymbiose
(ecology) The condition of living within the body or cells of another organism; an instance of an organism so living.

endosymbiotic theory n
hypothèse de l'endosymbiose hypothèse endosymbiotique
(ecology) The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts, which are organelles of eukaryotic cells, originated as independent organisms.

endothermic /ˌɛndəʊˈθəːmɪk/ more endothermic most endothermic adj
endothermique
(chemistry) Of a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings.
homéotherme à sang chaud
(zoology) Of an animal whose body temperature is regulated by internal factors.

endotoxic more endotoxic most endotoxic adj
endotoxique
Of, related to, or caused by an endotoxin.

endotoxin endotoxins n
endotoxine
Any toxin secreted by a microorganism and released into the surrounding environment only when it dies.

endotracheal adj
endotrachéal
Within, or through the trachea

endovascular adj
endovasculaire
Within a blood vessel

endow /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈdaʊ/ v
doter
(transitive) To give property to (someone) as a gift; specifically, to provide (a person or institution) with support in the form of a permanent fund of money or other benefits.
doter enrichir
(transitive) Followed by with, or rarely by of: to enrich or furnish with some faculty or quality.

endowment /ɛnˈdaʊmənt/ /ɪnˈdaʊmənt/ endowments n
dotation
Something with which a person or thing is endowed.

endpaper endpapers n
page de garde
Either of two folded sheets of paper used to connect the front and back covers of a book to the first and last pages; a flyleaf

endpin endpins n
pique
(music, lutherie) The spike of a cello or double bass that makes contact with the floor and supports the weight of the instrument.

endpoint endpoints n
extrémité
Either of the two points at the ends of a line segment.

ends of the earth n
bout du monde
A very remote place.

endurable more endurable most endurable adj
endurable tolérable
Able to be endured; tolerable; bearable.

endurance /ɪnˈdjɔːɹəns/ /ɪnˈdjʊəɹəns/ /ɪnˈdɝəns/ /ɪnˈdʊɹəns/ endurances n
endurance
The measure of a person's stamina or persistence.
Ability to endure hardship.

endure /ɪnˈd(j)ʊɹ/ /ɪnˈdjɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdjʊə̯(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈdɝ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə̯(ɹ)/ v
endurer perdurer
(intransitive) To continue or carry on, despite obstacles or hardships; to persist.
supporter
To remain firm, as under trial or suffering; to suffer patiently or without yielding; to bear up under adversity; to hold out.

enema /ˈɛn.ə.mə/ enemas enemata n
lavement
An injection of fluid into the large intestine by way of the rectum, usually for medical purposes.

enemy /ˈɛnəmi/ enemies n
ennemi ennemie
Someone who is hostile to, feels hatred towards, opposes the interests of, or intends injury to someone else.
ennemi
(attributive) Of, by, relating to, or belonging to an enemy.

enemy of the people enemies of the people n
ennemi du peuple ennemie du peuple
A political or class opponent of the subgroup in power within a larger group.

enemy of the state enemies of the state n
ennemi de l'État ennemie de l'État
a person accused of crimes against the state, such as treason

energetic /ˌɛnəˈdʒɛtɪk/ /ˌɛnɚˈd͡ʒɛtɪk/ more energetic most energetic adj
énergique énergétique
(science) Possessing or pertaining to energy. [from 19th c.]

energetically more energetically most energetically adv
énergiquement
In an energetic manner; with great energy.

energumen /ɛn.ə.ˈɡjuː.mən/ energumens n
énergumène
A person possessed by an evil ghost, spirit, or entity.

energy /ˈɛn.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈɛn.ɚ.d͡ʒi/ energies n
énergie
The impetus behind all motion and all activity.
(physics) A quantity that denotes the ability to do work and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance²/time² (ML²/T²) or the equivalent.
énergie courage
The capacity to do work.

energy drink energy drinks n
boisson énergisante
A highly caffeinated, sometimes carbonated, beverage containing added ingredients advertised as increasing alertness, performance etc.

enervate /ˈɛn.ə(ɹ).vət/ /ˌɛn.ə(ɹ)ˈveɪt/ v
affaiblir
(transitive) To reduce strength or energy; debilitate.

enfant terrible enfants terribles n
enfant terrible
An unconventional badly-behaved person who causes embarrassment or shock to others.

enfantement enfantements n
enfantement
(obsolete) The act of giving birth.

enfeeble /ɪnˈfiːbəl/ v
affaiblir
(transitive) To make feeble.

enfeoff /ɛnˈfiːf/ /ɛnˈfɛf/ /ɪnˈfiːf/ /ɪnˈfɛf/ v
inféoder
(transitive, chiefly, law, historical) To transfer a fief to, to endow with a fief; to put (a person) in legal possession of a freehold interest.

enfeoffment /ɪnˈfɛfmənt/ enfeoffments n
inféodation
(law, common law) The act or process of transferring possession and ownership of an estate in land.

enfleurage /ˌɑ̃.fluˈɹɑʒ/ enfleurages n
enfleurage
The process of extracting fragrance (essential oils) from flowers by using unscented wax or fat, then extracting with alcohol.

enforce /-ˈfo(ː)ɹs/ /-ˈfoəs/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈfoɹs/ /ɪnˈfɔːs/ v
renforcer imposer intensifier obliger
(obsolete) To give force to; to strengthen; to invigorate; to urge with energy.

enforcer enforcers n
exécuteur
One who enforces.
homme de main
The member of a group, especially of a gang, charged with keeping dissident members obedient.

engage /ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ v
embrayer
To attract, to please; (archaic) to fascinate or win over (someone).
To mesh or interlock (of machinery, especially a clutch).
engager attirer l'attention
(transitive) To engross or hold the attention of; to keep busy or occupied.
engager
(intransitive) To enter into battle.
(obsolete, transitive) To pledge, pawn (one's property); to put (something) at risk or on the line; to mortgage (houses, land).

engaged /ɛnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒd/ adj
fiancé fiancée
Having agreed to marry a particular person (one's fiancé or fiancée) or each other.
engagé
(British) (of a telephone) Already involved in a telephone call when a third party calls.

engagement /ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/ engagements n
fiançailles
(countable, uncountable) The period of time when marriage is planned or promised.

engagement ring engagement rings n
bague de fiançailles
(jewelry) A ring given to one's fiancé(e) or intended fiancé(e), signifying a promise to wed, typically a gold band with one or more diamonds or other precious stones.

engender /ɛnˈdʒɛn.də/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ /ɪnˈdʒɛn.də/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ v
concevoir donner le jour à donner naissance à engendrer
(transitive) To bring into existence (a situation, quality, result etc.); to give rise to, cause, create. [from 14th c.]
(intransitive) To assume form; to come into existence; to be caused or produced.

engine /ˈend͡ʒɘn/ /ˈend͡ʒən/ /ˈend͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛnd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɪnd͡ʒɪn/ engines n
moteur
A complex mechanical device which converts energy into useful motion or physical effects. [from 16th c.]
A person or group of people which influence a larger group; a driving force. [from 16th c.]

engine bay engine bays n
compartiment moteur
(automotive) The section in a vehicle where the engine is situated.

engine block engine blocks n
bloc-cylindres bloc-moteur
The metal casting that contains the piston cylinders of an engine.

engine braking n
frein moteur

engine driver engine drivers n
machiniste

engine room engine rooms n
salle des machines
(nautical) A compartment on a ship in which the engine machinery is located.

engine trouble engine troubles n
panne
problems occurring with an engine or motor, especially with that of a motor car

engine-generator engine-generators n
groupe électrogène
A standalone machine that combines an electrical generator with an engine.

engineer /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə/ /ˌɛnd͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ/ engineers n
conducteur de train machiniste
ingénieur ingénieure
Originally, a person engaged in designing, constructing, or maintaining engines or machinery; now (more generally) , a person qualified or professionally engaged in any branch of engineering, or studying to do so.

engineer's scale engineer's scales n
kutsch

engineering /ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˌɛn.d͡ʒɪˈnɪ(ə)ɹ.ɪŋ/ engineerings n
ingénierie génie
(uncountable) The application of mathematics and the physical sciences to the needs of humanity and the development of technology.
salle des machines
The area aboard a ship where the engine is located.
ingénierie
Designates office area of the professional engineering staff.

english /ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/ n
anglais
(uncountable, North American) Spinning or rotary motion given to a ball around the vertical axis, as in pool, billiards or bowling; spin, sidespin.

engobe engobes n
engobe
A non-black clay slip coating applied to a ceramic body to give it decorative color or improved texture.

engrailed engraileds n
boarmie crépusculaire
A European moth, Ectropis crepuscularia.

engrave /ɪnˈɡɹeɪv/ v
graver
(transitive) To carve text or symbols into (something), usually for the purposes of identification or art.

engraver engravers n
graveur graveuse
a person who engraves

engraving engravings n
gravure
(art) The practice of incising a design onto a hard, flat surface, by cutting grooves into it.
(printing) The art of producing an image from an engraved printing form, typically made of copper.

engross /ɛnˈɡɹoʊs/ /ɛnˈɡɹəʊs/ /ɛŋˈɡɹoʊs/ /ɛŋˈɡɹəʊs/ /ɪnˈɡɹəʊs/ /ɪŋˈɡɹəʊs/ v
grossoyer
(transitive, now, _, legal) To write (a document) in large, aesthetic, and legible lettering; to make a finalized copy of.
accaparer rafler s'emparer de
(transitive, business, obsolete) To buy up wholesale, especially to buy the whole supply of (a commodity etc.).
accaparer monopoliser truster
(transitive) To monopolize; to concentrate (something) in the single possession of someone, especially unfairly.
captiver capter charmer envoûter fasciner obnubiler
(transitive) To completely engage the attention of.
engraisser
(transitive, obsolete) To make gross, thick, or large; to thicken; to increase in bulk or quantity.

engrossed /ɛnˈɡɹoʊst/ more engrossed most engrossed adj
absorbé obnubilé
Preoccupied with something to the exclusion of everything else.

engrossing /ɛnˈɡɹoʊsɪŋ/ /ɛnˈɡɹəʊsɪŋ/ /ɛŋˈɡɹoʊsɪŋ/ /ɛŋˈɡɹəʊsɪŋ/ more engrossing most engrossing adj
absorbant captivant
Utterly consuming one's time and attention.

engulf /ɪŋˈɡʌlf/ v
submerger
(transitive) To overwhelm.
engloutir engouffrer
(transitive) To surround; to cover; to submerge.

enhance /ɛnˈhæns/ /ɪnˈhæns/ /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v
accroître augmenter
To augment or make something greater.
améliorer
To improve something by adding features.

enhanced more enhanced most enhanced adj
avancé
In a version or form that has been improved or made better than some other standard form.
amplifié
Raised up, amplified.

enhancement /ɛnˈhæns.mənt/ /ɪnˈhæns.mənt/ /ɪnˈhɑːns.mənt/ enhancements n
amélioration
An improvement or supplement that tends to increase a sense of esteem.

enhydros enhydroses n
enhydre
A geode of chalcedony containing trapped water.

enhydrous adj
enhydre
(crystallography) Having water within; containing fluid drops.

enigma /əˈnɪɡmə/ /ɪˈnɪɡmə/ enigmas enigmata n
énigme
Something or someone puzzling, mysterious or inexplicable.
A riddle, or a difficult problem.

enigmatic /ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/ more enigmatic most enigmatic adj
énigmatique
Pertaining to an enigma.
Mysterious.

enjambment /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒæm.mənt/ /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒæmb.mənt/ enjambments n
enjambement
A technique in poetry whereby a sentence is carried over to the next line without pause.

enjoin /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
enjoindre
(transitive, chiefly, literary) To lay upon, as an order or command; to give an injunction to; to direct with authority; to order; to charge.

enjoy /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ/ v
apprécier jouir de prendre plaisir profiter de
(transitive) To receive pleasure or satisfaction from something.
jouir de
(transitive) To have the use or benefit of something.

enjoy oneself v
amuser prendre du bon temps égayer
To take pleasure in something; to have feelings of enjoyment.

enjoy your holiday phraseologicalUnit
bonnes vacances ! passe de bonnes vacances !
(This entry is a translation hub.)

enjoyable /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/ more enjoyable most enjoyable adj
agréable amusant
Pleasant, capable of giving pleasure.

enjoyment /ənˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪmənt/ enjoyments n
plaisir jouissance
(uncountable) The condition of enjoying anything.

enkephalin enkephalins n
enképhaline

enlarge /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈlɑːd͡ʒ/ v
agrandir élargir accroître
(transitive) To make (something) larger.

enlargement /ɪnˈlaːd͡ʒ.mənt/ /ɪnˈlɑɹd͡ʒ.mənt/ /ɪnˈlɑːd͡ʒ.mənt/ enlargements n
agrandissement élargissement
An act or instance of making something larger.

enlarger enlargers n
agrandisseur
(photography) An optical device used to make enlarged prints from a photographic negative

enlighten /ənˈlaɪtən/ /ɛnˈlaɪtən/ /ɪnˈlaɪtən/ v
éclairer
(transitive) To supply with light.
éclairer informer
(transitive, figurative) To make something clear to (someone); to give knowledge or understanding to.

enlightened absolutism enlightened absolutisms n
absolutisme éclairé despotisme éclairé monarchie éclairée

enlightenment /-laɪtmənt/ /ənˈlaɪtənmənt/ /ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/ enlightenments n
illumination
A concept in spirituality, philosophy and psychology related to achieving clarity of perception, reason and knowledge.

enlist /ɛnˈlɪst/ /ɪnˈlɪst/ v
s'inscrire
(transitive) To enter on a list; to enroll; to register.
rejoindre
(intransitive) To voluntarily join a cause or organization, especially military service.
recruter
(transitive) To recruit the aid or membership of others.

enlistment enlistments n
enrôlement
Voluntary service based on an individual's desire to serve a cause.

enmesh /ɛnˈmɛʃ/ v
captiver piéger
To mesh; to tangle or interweave in such a manner as not to be easily separated, particularly in a mesh- or net-like manner.
emberlificoter empêtrer englober entortiller inclure
To involve in such complications as to render extrication difficult.

enmity /ˈɛm.nɪ.ti/ /ˈɛn.mɪ.ti/ enmities n
inimitié
The quality of being an enemy; hostile or unfriendly disposition.
A state or feeling of opposition, hostility, hatred or animosity.

ennea- prefix
ennéa-
nine

enneadecagon enneadecagons n
ennéadécagone
(geometry) A polygon with nineteen sides and nineteen angles.

enneagon /ˈɛ.niː.ə.ɡən/ enneagons n
ennéagone
(geometry) A polygon with nine sides; a nonagon.

ennealogy ennealogies n
ennéalogie
(rare) A set of nine works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as nine individual works.

ennoble /ɪˈnəʊbəl/ v
anoblir
To bestow with nobility, honour or grace.

ennui /ɑnˈwi/ /ɒnˈwiː/ ennuis n
apathie dépression indolence mélancolie
A gripping listlessness or melancholia caused by boredom; depression.

enol enols n
énol
(organic compound) An organic compound containing a hydroxyl group bonded to a carbon atom which is doubly bonded to another carbon atom.

enolization enolizations n
énolisation

enormous /iˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnoː.məs/ /ɪˈnɔɹ.məs/ /ɪˈnɔː.məs/ more enormous most enormous adj
énorme
Extremely large; greatly exceeding the common size, extent, etc.

enormously adv
énormément
Extremely, greatly: to an enormous degree.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ adv
assez suffisamment
Sufficiently.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ determiner
assez
Sufficient; all that is required, needed, or appropriate.

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ interjection
assez ! ça suffit !
Stop! Don't do that any more!

enough /i-/ /ə-/ /ɪˈnʌf/ pronoun
assez suffisamment
A sufficient or adequate number, amount, etc.

enough is as good as a feast proverb
il ne faut pas abuser des bonnes choses
Just the right amount is as good as more than enough: there is no value in excess.

enough is enough /iˌnʌf‿ɪz iˈnʌf/ /ə-/ /ɪˌnʌf‿ɪz ɪˈnʌf/ phraseologicalUnit
trop c'est trop ça commence à bien faire
Especially as an expression of exasperation: the limit of patience or tolerance has been reached.

enrage /ɪnˈɹeɪd͡ʒ/ v
enrager mettre en rage rendre furieux
(transitive) To fill with rage; to provoke to frenzy; to make furious.

enrich /ɪnˈɹɪt͡ʃ/ v
enrichir
(transitive) To make (someone or something) rich or richer. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(transitive) To add nutrients or fertilizer to the soil; to fertilize. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

enriched uranium n
uranium enrichi
(chemistry, military) Uranium enriched with a higher than normal amount of the fissile isotope U-235; used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons.

enriching more enriching most enriching adj
enrichissant

enrichment enrichments n
enrichissement
The act of enriching or something enriched.
The process of making enriched uranium.

enroll /ɛnˈɹoʊl/ /ɪnˈɹoʊl/ /ɪnˈɹəʊl/ v
inscrire enrôler
(transitive) To enter (a name, etc.) in a register, roll or list
enrôler
(transitive) To enlist (someone) or make (someone) a member of

enrollment enrollments n
enrôlement
The act of enrolling or the state of being enrolled.
The record of such enrolling; registration.
enrôlé enrôlée enrôlées enrôlés
The people enrolled, considered as a group.
The number of people enrolled.

ensemble /ˌɑnˈsɑm.bəl/ /ˌɒnˈsɒm.bəl/ /ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.blə/ /ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.bl̩/ ensembles n
ensemble
A group of separate things that contribute to a coordinated whole.
(collective) A group of musicians, dancers, actors, etc who perform together; e.g. the chorus of a ballet company.

enshrine /ɛnˈʃɹʌɪn/ /ɪnˈʃɹʌɪn/ v
enchâsser
(transitive) To enclose (a sacred relic etc.) in a shrine or chest.

ensiform /ˈɛnsəˌfɔɹm/ more ensiform most ensiform adj
ensiforme
shaped like a sword blade

ensign /ˈɛn.saɪn/ /ˈɛn.sən/ /ˈɛn.sɪn/ [ˈɛn.sn̩] ensigns n
aspirant
A badge of office, rank, or power.
A flag or banner carried by military units; a standard or color/colour.
pavillon
Any prominent flag or banner.

ensile /ˈɛn.saɪ(ə)l/ v
ensiler
(transitive) To preserve (forage) in a silo.

enslave /ɪnˈsleɪv/ v
asservir esclavagiser
(transitive) To make subservient; to strip one of freedom; enthrall.

enslavement enslavements n
asservissement esclavage
The act of enslaving or the state of being a slave; bondage

ensnare /ɛnˈsnɛ(ə)ɹ/ /ɛnˈsnɛə/ /ɪn-/ v
piéger
To entrap; to catch in a snare or trap.
empêtrer
To entangle; to enmesh.

ensorcell /ɛnˈsɔɹsəl/ /ɛnˈsɔːs(ə)l/ /ɪn-/ v
ensorceler
(transitive) To bewitch or enchant.

enstatite enstatites n
enstatite
(mineral) A form of pyroxene consisting solely of magnesium silicate.

ensue /ɛnˈsjuː/ /ɛnˈsjʉː/ /ɛnˈʃuː/ /ɪnˈsjuː/ /ɪnˈsuː/ /ɪnˈʃuː/ v
découler résulter
(obsolete, transitive) To follow (in time), to be subsequent to. [15th–17th c.]

ensure /ɪnˈʃɔː/ /ɪnˈʃɝ/ /ɪnˈʃʊə/ /ɪnˈʃʊɹ/ v
assurer garantir
(intransitive) To make sure or certain of something (usually some future event or condition). [from 18th c.]

entail /ənˈteɪl/ /ɛnˈteɪl/ /ɪnˈteɪl/ entails n
entail
That which is entailed.

entail /ənˈteɪl/ /ɛnˈteɪl/ /ɪnˈteɪl/ v
comporter impliquer requérir
(transitive) To imply, require, or invoke.
accorder conférer
(transitive) To settle or fix inalienably on a person or thing, or on a person and his descendants or a certain line of descendants; -- said especially of an estate; to bestow as a heritage.

entailment /ɛnˈteɪl.mənt/ entailments n
implication
The act of entailing, the state of being entailed, or something that is entailed.

entangle /ɛnˈtaŋ.ɡəl/ /ɪnˈtaŋ.ɡəl/ /ɪnˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ [ɛnˈtaŋ.ɡl̩] v
empêtrer intriquer tortiller
(transitive) To involve in difficulties or embarrassments; to embarrass, puzzle, or distract by adverse or perplexing circumstances, interests, demands, etc.; to hamper; to bewilder.

entanglement /ɪnˈtæŋɡəlmənt/ entanglements n
intrication
The state or condition of being entangled; intricate and confused involution.

entelechy /ɛnˈtɛləki/ entelechies n
entéléchie
(Aristotelian, _, metaphysics) The complete realisation and final form of some potential concept or function; the conditions under which a potential thing becomes actualized.

enter /ˈɛntə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛntɚ/ [ˈɛɾ̃ɚ] [ˈɪɾ̃ɚ] v
entrer saisir taper
(transitive) To cause to go (into), or to be received (into); to put in; to insert; to cause to be admitted.

enter the equation v
entrer en ligne de compte

enteric /ɛnˈtɛɹɪk/ adj
entérique
Of, relating to, within, or by way of the intestines

entering tone entering tones n
ton d'entrée
(Chinese phonetics) A short, sharp tone found with syllables that end in plosives (usually /-p -t -k -ʔ/).

enteritis enteritides enteritises n
entérite
(pathology) Inflammation of the intestines, generally the small intestine, that may lead to diarrhea.

enterolith /ɛnˈtɛɹəˌlɪθ/ /ˈɛntəɹəˌlɪθ/ enteroliths n
entérolithe
A mineral concretion in the intestinal tract.

enterprise /ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/ /ˈɛntɚˌpɹaɪz/ enterprises n
entreprise
A company, business, organization, or other purposeful endeavor.
venture
An undertaking, venture, or project, especially a daring and courageous one.
initiative
(uncountable) A willingness to undertake new or risky projects; energy and initiative.

enterprise union enterprise unions n
syndicat d'entreprise syndicat d'industrie
A form of trade union where all members work for the same company rather than having the same trade.

enterprising more enterprising most enterprising adj
entreprenant
Very able and ingenious in business dealings or social advancement.

entertain /ˌɛntəˈteɪn/ /ˌɛntɚˈteɪn/ [ˌɛɾ̃ɚˈtʰeɪn] v
recevoir
(transitive, and, intransitive) To have someone over at one's home for a party or visit.
divertir amuser
(obsolete) To take or keep in one's service; to maintain; to support; to harbour; to keep.

entertainability n
amusabilité divertissabilité

entertainer /ˌɛntəˈteɪnə/ /ˌɛntɚˈteɪnɚ/ entertainers n
amuseur divertisseur
A person who entertains others, esp. as a profession, as a singer, actor, presenter, dancer, musician, magician, comedian, etc.

entertaining more entertaining most entertaining adj
distrayant divertissant
Very amusing; that entertains.

entertainment /ˌɛn.təˈteɪn.mənt/ /ˌɛn.tɚˈteɪn.mənt/ entertainments n
divertissement
An activity designed to give pleasure, enjoyment, diversion, amusement, or relaxation to an audience, no matter whether the audience participates passively as in watching opera or a movie, or actively as in games.

enthalpy /ˈɛn.θəl.piː/ enthalpies n
enthalpie
(thermodynamics, chemistry) A measure of the heat content of a chemical or physical system.

enthesis /ɪnˈθiː.sɪs/ entheses n
enthèse
(anatomy) The insertion point at which a tendon, ligament, or muscle inserts into a bone.

enthesopathy enthesopathies n
enthésiopathie enthésopathie
(pathology) A disorder of entheses (bone attachments).

enthrall /ɪnˈθɹɔːl/ v
captiver
To hold spellbound.
asservir
(now, rare) To make subservient.

enthrone /ɪnˈθɹəʊn/ v
introniser
(transitive) To put on the throne in a formal installation ceremony called enthronement, equivalent to (and often combined with) coronation and/or other ceremonies of investiture

enthronement enthronements n
intronisation
The act of enthroning or the state of being enthroned.

enthuse /ɛnˈθjuːz/ /ɛnˈθuz/ /ɛnˈθɪu̯z/ /ɪnˈθjuːz/ /ɪnˈθuz/ v
enthousiasmer
(proscribed, sometimes, _, humorous) To cause (someone) to feel enthusiasm or to be enthusiastic.

enthusiasm /-θuː-/ /-θɪu̯-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈθjuːziæz(ə)m/ enthusiasms n
enthousiasme passion
Intensity of feeling; excited interest or eagerness.
enthousiasme
(obsolete, or, historical) Possession by a god; divine inspiration or frenzy.

enthusiast /-æst/ /-əst/ /-ˈθju-/ /-ˌæst/ /-θjuː-/ /-θïɯ-/ /en-/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈθu.ziˌɪst/ /ɪnˈθuː.ziˌæst/ /ɪ̞nˈθʊʉ.ziˌəst/ enthusiasts n
passionné amateur
A person filled with or guided by enthusiasm.
enthousiaste zélote
(archaic) A person exhibiting over-zealous religious fervour.

enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːzɪˈæstɪk/ /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/ more enthusiastic most enthusiastic adj
enthousiaste
With zealous fervor; excited, motivated.

enthusiastically more enthusiastically most enthusiastically adv
avec enthousiasme
In an enthusiastic manner.

enthymeme /ˈɛnθɪˌmiːm/ enthymemes n
enthymème
A by and large statement, a maxim, an argument that is intended to be generally true and not apply to every case universally.
(logic) A syllogism with a required but unstated assumption.

entice /ɪnˈtaɪs/ v
appâter attirer
(transitive) To lure; to attract by arousing desire or hope.

enticing more enticing most enticing adj
aguicheur
That entices; alluring; attractive; charming

entire /ənˈtaɪə/ /ənˈtaɪɚ/ /ɪnˈtaɪə/ /ɪnˈtaɪɚ/ adj
entier entière
Morally whole; pure; sheer.

entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ /ɪnˈtaɪɹli/ adv
entièrement
To the full or entire extent.

entirety /-ˈtaɪ.ə.ti/ /-ˈtʌɪɹəti/ /ɛn-/ /ɪnˈtaɪ.ə.ɹɪ.ti/ /ɪnˈtaɪ.ə.ɹɪti/ entireties n
entièreté
The whole; the complete or amount.

entitle /ənˈtaɪ.təl/ /ənˈtaɪtəl/ /ɛnˈtaɪ.təl/ v
intituler
To give a title to a book, film, play, etc.

entitled /ɪnˈtaɪtl̩d/ more entitled most entitled adj
intitulé
(literally) Having a title.
ayant droit autorisé
Having a legal or moral right or claim to something.

entitlement /ənˈtaɪtəlmənt/ entitlements n
droit sur
The right to have something, whether actual or perceived.
revendication droit
Something that one is entitled to.
allocation
(politics) A legal obligation on a government to make payments to a person, business, or unit of government that meets the criteria set in law, such as social security in the US.

entity /ˈɛn.tɪ.ti/ entities n
entité
That which has a distinct existence as an individual unit. Often used for organisations which have no physical form.
The existence of something considered apart from its properties.
(databases) Anything about which information or data can be stored in a database; in particular, an organised array or set of individual elements or parts.

entoblast entoblasts n
entoblaste
Any of the embryonic blastomeres that develop into the endoderm

entognath entognaths n
enthognathe
Any of various ametabolous arthropods, of the class Entognatha, whose mouthparts are retracted within their heads.

entomb /ɪnˈtuːm/ v
entomber
(transitive) To deposit in a tomb.

entomo- prefix
entomo-

entomological adj
entomologique
Of or pertaining to entomology.

entomologist entomologists n
entomologiste
A scientist who studies insects.

entomology n
entomologie insectologie
The scientific study of insects, and (informally) of other arthropods (and occasionally other invertebrates).

entourage /ˈɑn.tə.ɹɑʒ/ /ˈɑ̃ː.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ /ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/ entourages n
entourage
A retinue of attendants, associates or followers.

entr'acte /ɑ̃.tɹækt/ /ɒnˈtɹækt/ /ɒ̃ˈtɹækt/ /ˈɑnˌtɹækt/ /ˈɑnˌtɹɑkt/ /ˈɒn.tɹækt/ /ˈɒ̃.tɹækt/ entr'actes n
entracte
An interval between two acts of a play or opera.
Another performance, such as a piece of music or a dance, during this.

entrails /ˈɛn.tɹeɪlz/ /ˈɛn.tɹəlz/ n
entrailles
The internal organs of an animal, especially the intestines. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

entrance /ˈɛn.tɹəns/ entrances n
entrée
(countable) The action of entering, or going in.
The act of taking possession, as of property, or of office.
(uncountable) The right to go in.

entrance /ɛnˈtɹæns/ /ɛnˈtɹɑːns/ v
enchanter

entrance examination entrance examinations n
examen d'admission examen d'entrée concours d'entrée
An examination used by an educational institution to select which students it will grant admission to.

entrapment /ɪnˈtɹæpmənt/ entrapments n
emprisonnement séquestration
The state of being entrapped.
provocation
(legal) Action by law enforcement personnel to lead an otherwise innocent person to commit a crime, in order to arrest and prosecute that person for the crime.
séquestration
(chemistry) A method of isolating specific cells or molecules from a mixture, especially by immobilization on a gel.

entreaty /ənˈtɹiːti/ /ɛnˈtɹiːti/ /ɪnˈtɹiːti/ entreaties n
supplication
The act of entreating or beseeching; a strong petition; pressing solicitation; begging.

entrecôte /ˈɑntɹəkəʊt/ /ˈɑntɹəˌkoʊt/ entrecôtes n
entrecôte
A premium cut of beef used for steaks and roasts.

entrelac n
entrelac entrelacs

entrench /ɛnˈtɹɛntʃ/ /ɛnˈtɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /ɪnˈtɹɛntʃ/ v
retrancher
(military) To surround or provide with a trench, especially for defense; to dig in.

entrepreneur /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ/ /ˌɑn.tɹə.pɹəˈnʊɚ/ /ˌɑ̃.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/ entrepreneurs n
entrepreneur entrepreneuse
A person who organizes and operates a business venture and assumes much of the associated risk.

entrepreneurial /ˌɑn.tɹə.prəˈnɝ.i.əl/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː.ɹi.əl/ /ˌɔn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː.ɹi.əl/ more entrepreneurial most entrepreneurial adj
entreprenant entrepreneur entrepreneurial
Having the spirit, attitude or qualities of an entrepreneur; enterprising.

entrepreneurship /ˌɑn.trə.prəˈnɝ.ʃɪp/ /ˌɑn.trə.prəˈnʊɚ.ʃɪp/ /ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜːʃɪp/ entrepreneurships n
entrepreneuriat
The quality of being an entrepreneur.

entresol entresols n
entresol
A mezzanine; an intermediate floor in a building, typically resembling a balcony; most often, the floor immediately above the ground floor and below a higher floor.

entropy /ˈɛntɹəpi/ entropies n
entropie
(Boltzmann definition) A measure of the disorder directly proportional to the natural logarithm of the number of microstates yielding an equivalent thermodynamic macrostate.
(thermodynamics, countable) A measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work.
(statistics, information theory, countable) A measure of the amount of information and noise present in a signal.
(uncountable) The tendency of a system that is left to itself to descend into chaos.

entrust /ɪnˈtɹʌst/ v
confier
(transitive) To trust to the care of.

entry /ˈɛntɹi/ entries n
entrée
The act of entering.
entrée accès
(uncountable) Permission to enter.
A doorway that provides a means of entering a building.
entrée vestibule
A small room immediately inside the front door of a house or other building, often having an access to a stairway and leading on to other rooms
article rubrique
An item in a list, such as an article in a dictionary or encyclopedia.
enregistrement article coefficient rubrique élément
A record made in a log, diary or anything similarly organized; (computing) a datum in a database.

entry-level adj
facile d'accès
Simple enough to be appropriate to an inexperienced person, or to someone who does not need advanced features.

entryphone entryphones n
interphone
An intercom system which enables someone, without opening the door, to converse with the person who has rung the doorbell.

entrée /ˈɑntɹeɪ/ /ˈɒntɹeɪ/ entrées n
entrée
(chiefly, British, French Canada, Australia, New Zealand, historical, _) A smaller dish served before the main course of a meal.
The act of entering somewhere, or permission to enter; admittance.

enturban v
enturbanner
To cover with a turban.

enturbanment enturbanments n
enturbannement
The act of enturbanning or the state of being enturbanned.

entwine /ɪnˈtwaɪn/ v
enlacer
To twist or twine around something (or one another).

enucleate /ɪˈnjukliɪt/ /ɪˈnjukliˌeɪt/ /ɪˈnukliɪt/ /ɪˈnukliˌeɪt/ v
énucléer
(transitive, biology) To remove the nucleus from (a cell).

enumerate /ɪˈn(j)u.məˌɹeɪt/ /ɪˈnjuː.məˌɹeɪt/ v
énoncer
To specify each member of a sequence individually in incrementing order.
dénombrer
To determine the amount of.

enumeration /ɪˌnjuːməˈɹeɪʃən/ /ɪˌnuːməˈɹeɪʃən/ enumerations n
énumération
The act of enumerating, making separate mention, or recounting.

enunciation /ɪˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪˌnʌn.sɪˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪˌnʌn.ʃɪˈeɪ.ʃən/ enunciations n
énonciation
The act of enunciating, announcing, proclaiming, or making known; open attestation; declaration.

envelop /ɛnˈvɛləp/ v
envelopper
(transitive) To surround or enclose.

envelope /ˈɑn.vəˌlop/ /ˈɑ̃.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɒn.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɛn.və.ləʊp/ /ˈɛn.vəˌlop/ envelopes n
enveloppe
A paper or cardboard wrapper used to enclose small, flat items, especially letters, for mailing.
Something that envelops; a wrapping.
(geometry) A mathematical curve, surface, or higher-dimensional object that is the tangent to a given family of lines, curves, surfaces, or higher-dimensional objects.

enviable /ˈɛnvi.əbl̩/ more enviable most enviable adj
enviable
Arousing or likely to arouse envy.

envier enviers n
envieuse envieux
One who envies.

envious /ˈɛnviːəs/ more envious most envious adj
envieux
Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging
(obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful.

enviously more enviously most enviously adv
envieusement
in an envious manner or to an envious degree

environment /-mɪnt/ /ənˈ-/ /ɪnˈvaɪɚ(n)mənt/ /ɪnˈvaɪɹə(n)mənt/ environments n
environnement
The natural world or ecosystem.
(computing) The software and/or hardware existing on any particular computer system.

environment variable environment variables n
variable d'environnement

environmental /ənˌvaɪ.ɚnˈmɛn.təl/ /ɪnˌvaɪ.ɹə(n)ˈmɛn.təl/ adj
environnemental
Pertaining to the environment.

environmental protection n
protection de l'environnement
The practice of protecting the natural environment by individuals, organizations and governments.

environmental refugee environmental refugees n
réfugié écologique réfugié climatique écoréfugié

environmentalism environmentalisms n
environnementalisme écologisme
(politics) A political and social ideology that seeks to prevent the environment from degradation by human activity.

environmentalist environmentalists n
environnementaliste écologiste
One who advocates for the protection of the environment and biosphere from misuse from human activity through such measures as ecosystem protection, waste reduction and pollution prevention.

environmentally more environmentally most environmentally adv
environnementalement
In a manner affecting the environment.

environmentally friendly more environmentally friendly most environmentally friendly adj
écologique respectueux de [[l']]environnement
Causing lesser, little, or no harm to the environment.

envisage /ɛnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/ /ɪnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/ v
envisager prévoir
To conceive or see something within one's mind; to imagine or envision.

envision /ɪnˈvɪʒən/ v
envisager
(transitive) To conceive or see something within one's mind. To imagine.

envoy /ˈɑn.vɔɪ/ /ˈɛn.vɔɪ/ envoys n
envoyé émissaire
A representative.

envy /ˈɛnvi/ envies n
envie jalousie convoitise
Resentful desire of something possessed by another or others (but not limited to material possessions). [from 13th c.]

envy /ˈɛnvi/ v
envier
(transitive) To feel displeasure or hatred towards (someone) for their good fortune or possessions. [from 14th c.]

enzymatic adj
enzymatique
Of, relating to, or caused by enzymes.

enzyme /ˈɛn.zaɪm/ enzymes n
enzyme
(biochemistry) A globular protein that catalyses a biological chemical reaction.

eo- /iːoʊ/ /iːəʊ/ prefix
éo-

eon /ˈeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈi.ɑn/ /ˈiː.ɒn/ /ˈiː.ən/ eons n
éternité
Eternity, the duration of the universe.
bail
(US, informal, hyperbole) A long period of time.
éon
(geology) The longest geochronologic unit, being a period of hundreds of millions of years; subdivided into eras.

eonism /ˈi.əˌnɪzəm/ n
éonisme
(sexology) The pretence of being the opposite sex, especially that by a man of being a woman; transvestism.

eonist eonists n
éoniste

eosinophil /i.əˈsɪnəˌfɪl/ eosinophils n
éosinophile
(cytology, immunology) A white blood cell responsible for combating infection by parasites in the body.

epagomenic adj
épagomène
(of Ancient Greek gods) worshiped on intercalary days

epanadiplosis n
épanadiplose
(rhetoric) A figure of speech by which the same word is used both at the beginning and at the end of a sentence.

epanalepsis n
épanalepse

epanastrophe n
épanastrophe

eparch eparchs n
éparque
(historical, Ancient Greece) The governor or prefect of a province.

eparchial adj
éparchique
Of or pertaining to an eparchy.

eparchy /ˈɛpˌɑɹ.ki/ /ˈɛpˌɑː.ki/ eparchies n
éparchie province préfecture
(historical, Ancient Rome) A district of the Roman Empire at the third echelon
éparchie
(Christianity) In Eastern Christendom, a diocese of a bishop.

epaulette /ˈɛpəlɛt/ /ˌɛpəˈlɛt/ epaulettes n
épaulette
An ornamentation, worn on the shoulders of a military uniform, as a sign of rank.

epazote /ˌɛpəˈzoʊteɪ/ epazotes n
fausse ambroisie thé du Mexique épazote
A pungent herb used in Latin-American cooking and tea making, and in folk medicine; Dysphania ambrosioides.

epee /ˈeɪpeɪ/ /ˈɛpeɪ/ epees n
épée
(fencing) A sharp-pointed dueling sword with a bell-shaped guard, used (with the end blunted) in sport fencing.

ependyma /ɛpˈɛn.dɪm.ə/ ependymas n
épendyme

epenthesis /ɪˈpɛn.θə.sɪs/ epentheses n
épenthèse
(phonetics, prosody) The insertion of a phoneme, letter, or syllable into a word, usually to satisfy the phonological constraints of a language or poetic context.

epenthetic /ˌɛpənˈθɛtɪk/ adj
épenthétique
(phonology, phonetics) Of or pertaining to epenthesis.
(phonology, of a phoneme or syllable) Inserted into a word.

epenthetically adv
épenthétiquement
In an epenthetic (epenthetical) manner; by means of epenthesis.

epexegesis /ɛpˌɛksɪˈd͡ʒisɪs/ epexegeses n
apposition épexégèse
(rhetoric) An additional explanation or explanatory material.

ephedra /ɪˈfɛdɹə/ /ˈɛfɪdɹə/ ephedras n
prêle des bois
Any plant of the genus Ephedra of gymnosperm shrubs.
A stimulant derived from the plant Ephedra sinica used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine and in over-the-counter weight-loss aids.

ephedrine /ɪˈfɛ.dɹɪn/ /ˈɛf.ə.dɹiːn/ /ˈɛf.ə.dɹɪn/ ephedrines n
éphédrine
(biochemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline alkaloid drug C10H15NO obtained from a Chinese ephedra (Ephedra sinica) or synthesized that has the physiological action of epinephrine. It causes constriction of the blood vessels and widening of the bronchial passages and is used in the form of its hydrochloride or sulfate to relieve asthma and hay fever.

ephelcystic adj
éphelcystique
(grammar) Being or relating to the movable nu.

ephemeral /əˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ /ɛˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/ more ephemeral most ephemeral adj
éphémère
Lasting for a short period of time.

ephemeris /ɪˈfɛməɹəs/ /ɪˈfɛməɹɪs/ ephemerides ephemerises n
éphéméride éphémérides
(astronomy, nautical) A table giving the apparent position of celestial bodies throughout the year; normally given as right ascension and declination.

ephod /ˈiː.fɒd/ /ˈɛ.fɒd/ ephods n
éphod
(biblical, Judaism) A priestly apron, or breastplate, described in the Bible in Exodus 28: vi–xxx, which only the chief priest of ancient Israel was allowed to wear.

ephor /ˈɛfə/ /ˈɛfɚ/ ephors n
éphore
(in modern Greece) A superintendent or curator.

epi- prefix
épi-

epibiont epibionts n
Épibionte
(ecology) Any organism that lives on the surface of another living organism

epiboly /ɪˈpɪbəli/ epibolies n
épibolie
(embryology) The expansion of one cell sheet over other cells, as takes place during gastrulation or secondary intention wound healing.

epic /ˈep.ɪk/ /ˈɛp.ɪk/ more epic most epic adj
épique
Of or relating to an epic.
Momentously heroic; grand in scale or character
(colloquial, slang, informal) Extending beyond the usual or ordinary.

epic /ˈep.ɪk/ /ˈɛp.ɪk/ epics n
épopée
An extended narrative poem in elevated or dignified language, celebrating the feats of a deity, demigod (heroic epic), other legend or traditional hero.

epic fail epic fails n
échec épique
(Internet slang, originally, 4chan) Utter, total failure, especially where success should have been reasonably expected.

epicalyx epicalyces epicalyxes n
épicalice
(botany) A group of bracts resembling a calyx

epicanthus /ˈɛpɪkˌanθəs/ /ˈɛpɪkˌænθəs/ epicanthi n
épicanthus pli épicanthique
(anatomy) A skin fold of the upper eyelid, typical of East Asians.

epicardium epicardia epicardiums n
épicarde
(anatomy) The layer of tissue between the pericardium and the heart.

epicene /ˈɛp.əˌsin/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌsiːn/ adj
épicène
(linguistics) Of or relating to nouns or pronouns in any language that have a single form for male and female referents.

epicene /ˈɛp.əˌsin/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌsiːn/ epicenes n
efféminé personne efféminée
(by extension, usually, pejorative) An effeminate man.

epicentre /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntə/ /ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/ epicentres n
épicentre
(seismology) The point on the land or water surface directly above the focus, or hypocentre, of an earthquake.
(military) The point on the surface of the earth directly above an underground explosion.
(figuratively, proscribed) The focal point of any activity, especially if dangerous or destructive.

epiclesis epicleses n
épiclèse
(Christianity) A prayer invoking the Holy Spirit, especially one offered in the liturgical context of the Eucharist so as to change the elements of bread and wine into the body and blood of Jesus.

epicness /ˈɛ.pɪk.nəs/ n
héroïcité
The quality or state of being epic.

epicycle /ˈɛpɪˌsaɪkəl/ epicycles n
épicycle
(astronomy) A small circle whose centre is on the circumference of a larger circle; in Ptolemaic astronomy it was seen as the basis of revolution of the "seven planets", given a fixed central Earth.

epicycloid epicycloids n
épicycloïde
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping on the circumference of another circle.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ more epidemic most epidemic adj
épidémique
Like or having to do with an epidemic; widespread.

epidemic /ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/ epidemics n
épidémie
A widespread disease that affects many individuals in a population.
(epidemiology) An occurrence of a disease or disorder in a population at a frequency higher than that expected in a given time period; an episode of outbreak and subsequent high prevalence.

epidemiological adj
épidémiologique
Of or pertaining to epidemiology.

epidemiologically adv
épidémiologiquement
With regard to epidemiology.

epidemiologist epidemiologists n
épidémiologiste
(epidemiology) A scientist (often a medical doctor) who specializes in epidemiology.

epidemiology /ˈɛp.ɪ.diː.miː.ɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdi.miˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛp.ɪˌdɛm.iˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ epidemiologies n
épidémiologie
(sciences) The branch of science dealing with the spread and control of diseases, viruses, concepts etc. throughout populations or systems.

epidermis /ˌɛ.pə.ˈdɝ.məs/ /ˌɛ.pɪ.ˈdɜː.mɪs/ epidermides epidermises n
épiderme
The outer, protective layer of the skin of vertebrates, covering the dermis
The similar outer layer of cells in invertebrates and plants

epidermologist epidermologists n
épidermologue
A cosmetologist whose speciality is epidermology.

epidermology n
épidermologie
A branch of cosmetic science specialising in the treatment of the skin.

epididymis /ɛpiˈdɪdɪmɪs/ epididymides epididymises n
épididyme
(anatomy) A narrow, tightly-coiled tube connecting the efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens, where sperm are stored during maturation.

epididymitis epididymites epididymitides n
épididymite

epidote /ˈɛp.ɪˌdoʊt/ epidotes n
épidote
(mineral) Any of a class of mixed calcium iron aluminium sorosilicates found in metamorphic rocks.

epidural /ɛp.əˈd(j)ʊɹ.əl/ /ɛp.ɪˈdjɔː.ɹəl/ /ɛp.ɪˈdjʊə.ɹəl/ epidurals n
péridurale épidurale
(medicine) An injection of anaesthetic into the epidural space of the spine, especially associated with pain relief during childbirth.

epigastric adj
épigastrique
Of or pertaining to the epigastrium.

epigeic adj
épigé

epigenetically adv
épigénétiquement

epigenetics /ˌɛpɪd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/ n
épigénétique
(genetics) The study of the processes involved in the genetic development of an organism, especially the activation and deactivation of genes.
(genetics) The study of heritable changes caused by the activation and deactivation of genes without any change in DNA sequence.

epiglottal adj
épiglottal
Pertaining to the epiglottis.
(phonetics) Produced using the epiglottis.

epiglottis /ˌɛ.pə.ˈɡlɑ.tɪs/ /ˌɛ.pɪ.ˈɡlɒ.tɪs/ epiglottides epiglottises n
épiglotte
(anatomy) A cartilaginous organ in the throat of terrestrial vertebrates covering the glottis when swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea, and in Homo sapiens also a speech organ.

epigram /ˈɛpɪɡɹæm/ epigrams n
épigramme
(obsolete) An inscription in stone.
A brief but witty saying.
A short, witty or pithy poem.

epigrammatic adj
épigrammatique
having the characteristics of an epigram

epigraph /ˈɛpɪˌɡɹæf/ epigraphs n
épigraphe
An inscription, especially on a building.
A literary quotation placed at the beginning of a book or other text.
(mathematics, of a function) The set of all points lying on or above the function's graph.

epigraphic adj
épigraphique
Of or pertaining to an epigraph or to epigraphy.

epigraphy /ɪˈpɪɡ.ɹə.fi/ [ʔɨˈpʰɪːɡ.ɹə.fiː] epigraphies n
épigraphie
The study or decipherment of inscriptions, especially of ancient ones.

epilanguage epilanguages n
épilangue

epilaryngeal adj
épilaryngien

epilation /ɛpɪˈleɪʃən/ epilations n
épilation
(narrowly) The removal of hair from (usually human) skin via the use of an epilator.

epilator epilators n
épilateur
An electrically-powered device used for hair removal by mechanically grasping multiple hairs simultaneously and pulling them out.

epilepsy /ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/ epilepsies n
épilepsie comitialité
(pathology) A medical condition in which the sufferer experiences seizures (or convulsions) and blackouts.

epileptic /ˌɛpɪˈlɛptɪk/ adj
épileptique
Of or relating to an epileptic or epileptics (epileptic people).

epilogue /ˈɛp.ɪ.lɒɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɑɡ/ /ˈɛpɪlɔɡ/ epilogues n
épilogue
A short speech, spoken directly at the audience at the end of a play
A brief oration or script at the end of a literary piece; an afterword

epimer /ˈɛpɪmə(ɹ)/ epimers n
épimère
(chemistry) Any diastereoisomer that has the opposite configuration at only one of the stereogenic centres.

epimutation [ɛpɪmjuˈteɪʃən] epimutations n
épimutation

epinasty epinasties n
épinastie
(botany) The downward curvature of leaves etc due to differential growth rates.

epinephrine /ɛpɪˈnɛfɹɪn/ epinephrines n
épinéphrine
(hormone, neurotransmitter, organic compound, medicine) A catecholamine hormone and neurotransmitter; as a hormone, secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress (when it stimulates the autonomic nervous system); as a neurotransmitter, synthesized from norepinephrine. It is also used as a medication.

epiphany /ɛˈpɪfəni/ /ɪˈpɪfni/ /ɪˈpɪfəni/ epiphanies n
déclic illumination révélation
An illuminating realization or discovery, often resulting in a personal feeling of elation, awe, or wonder.
apparition
A manifestation or appearance of a divine or superhuman being.

epiphenomenon /-fɪ-/ /-nən/ /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑmənə/ /ˌɛpəfəˈnɑməˌnɑn/ /ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnə/ /ˌɛpɪfəˈnɒmɪnən/ epiphenomena epiphenomenons n
épiphénomène
An activity, process, or state that is the result of another; a by-product, a consequence.
(philosophy, psychology) A mental process or state that is an incidental by-product of physiological events in the brain or nervous system.
(pathology) A symptom that develops during the course of a disease that is not connected to the disease.

epiphrasis epiphrases n
épiphrase
epexegesis

epiphyte /ˈɛpɪfɑɪt/ epiphytes n
épiphyte
(botany) A plant that grows on another, using it for physical support but obtaining no nutrients from it and neither causing damage nor offering benefit; an air plant.

epiploic adj
épiploïque
Pertaining to the omentum.

episcopal /əˈpɪs.kə.pl̩/ more episcopal most episcopal adj
épiscopal
Of or relating to the affairs of a bishop in various Christian churches.

episiotomy /əˌpiːziːˈɒtəmiː/ /ˌɛpəsaɪˈɒtəmiː/ episiotomies n
épisiotomie
(medical) A surgical incision through the perineum made to enlarge the vagina and assist childbirth.

episode /ˈep.ɪ.səʉd/ /ˈɛp.ə.soʊd/ /ˈɛp.ɪ.səʊd/ episodes n
épisode
An incident, action, or time period standing out by itself, but more or less connected with a complete series of events.
An instalment of a drama told in parts, as in a TV series.

episodic /ˌɛpɪˈsɑdɪk/ more episodic most episodic adj
épisodique

episodic memory episodic memories n
mémoire épisodique

epistaxis /ˌɛpɪˈstæksɪs/ epistaxes n
épistaxis saignement de nez
(symptom) nosebleed

episteme /ˌɛ.pəˈsti.mi/ /ˌɛ.pɪˈstiː.mi/ epistemai epistemes n
épistémè
(philosophy) Scientific knowledge; a principled system of understanding; sometimes contrasted with empiricism.
(specifically Ancient Greek philosophy) know-how; compare techne.
(specifically Foucaultian philosophy) The fundamental body of ideas and collective presuppositions that defines the nature and sets the bounds of what is accepted as true knowledge in a given epistemic epoch.

epistemic /-ˈstɛ-/ /ˌɛpəˈstimɪk/ /ˌɛpɪˈstiːmɪk/ adj
épistémique
(philosophy) Of or relating to cognition or knowledge, its scope, or how it is acquired. [from early 19th c.]

epistemological /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɑd͡ʒəkəl/ /ɪˌpɪstəməˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ more epistemological most epistemological adj
épistémologique
Of or pertaining to epistemology or theory of knowledge, as a field of study.

epistemologically more epistemologically most epistemologically adv
épistémologiquement
In a manner that pertains to epistemology.

epistemologist epistemologists n
épistémologue
A person, especially a philosopher, who studies theory of knowledge.

epistemology /iˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /əˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛˌpɪs.tiˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɛˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪs.təˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪˌpɪs.təˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ epistemologies n
épistémologie gnoséologie
(uncountable) The branch of philosophy dealing with the study of knowledge; the theory of knowledge, asking such questions as "What is knowledge?", "How is knowledge acquired?", "What do people know?", "How do we know what we know?", "How do we know it is true?", and so on.

epistemophilia n
épistémophilie

epistle /ɪˈpɪs(ə)l/ /ɪˈpɪsl̩/ epistles n
épître épitre
(chiefly, literary, or, humorous) A letter, especially one which is formal or issued publicly.
One of the books of the New Testament which was originally a letter issued by an apostle to an individual or a community.

epistolary /ɪˈpɪst(ə)ˌləɹi/ more epistolary most epistolary adj
épistolaire

epistolographic more epistolographic most epistolographic adj
épistolographique
Relating to the writing of letters

epistolography n
épistolographie
The art or practice of writing epistles. especially in the Byzantine era.

epistropheus n
épistrophée
(anatomy) The second cervical vertebra of the spine which forms the pivot upon which the first cervical vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head, rotates.

epitaph /ˈɛp.ɪˌtæf/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌtɑːf/ epitaphs n
épitaphe
An inscription on a gravestone in memory of the deceased.
A poem or other short text written in memory of a deceased person.

epithalamium /ɛpɪθəˈleɪmɪəm/ epithalamia epithalamiums n
épithalame
A song or poem celebrating a marriage.

epithalamus n
épithalamus
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) The dorsal posterior segment of the diencephalon; it includes the habenula, the stria medullaris and the pineal body.

epithelial adj
épithélial
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the epithelium.

epithelium /ˌɛpɪˈθiːlɪəm/ epithelia epitheliums n
épithélium
(anatomy) A membranous tissue composed of one or more layers of cells which forms the covering of most internal and external surfaces of the body and its organs: internally including the lining of vessels and other small cavities, and externally being the skin.

epithet /ˈɛp.əˌθɛt/ /ˈɛp.ɪˌθɛt/ epithets n
épithète
A term used to characterize a person or thing.
A term used as a descriptive substitute for the name or title of a person.
An abusive or contemptuous word or phrase.
(taxonomy) A word in the scientific name of a taxon following the name of the genus or species. This applies only to formal names of plants, fungi and bacteria. In formal names of animals the corresponding term is the specific name.

epitome /əˈpɪt.ə.mi/ /ɪˈpɪt.ə.mi/ epitomai epitomes n
épitomé résumé
The embodiment or encapsulation of a class of items.
incarnation personnification
A representative example.
abrégé résumé
A brief summary of a text.

epitomize /əˈpɪt.əˌmaɪz/ v
résumer
To make an epitome of; to shorten; to condense.
incarner
To be an epitome of.

epitope epitopes n
épitope
(biochemistry) The part of a biomolecule (such as a protein) which is the target of an immune response

epitrachelion /-ˈkiː-/ /ˌɛpɪtɹɑˈkiliɔn/ /ˌɛpɪtɹəˈkiliɒn/ /ˌɛpɪtɹəˈkiljən/ epitrachelions n
épitrachelion
(Eastern Orthodoxy) The liturgical vestment worn by priests and bishops of the Eastern Orthodox Church as the symbol of their priesthood, corresponding to the Western stole.

epitrite epitrites n
épitrite
(poetry, Ancient Greek and Latin prosody) A metrical foot consisting of three long syllables and one short syllable.

epitrochoid epitrochoids n
épitrochoïde
A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on one circle which rotates around the perimeter of another circle. Examples include the shape of the Wankel engine

epitrope n
épitrope

epizootiological adj
épizootiologique

epoch /ˈeɪˌpɑk/ /ˈiˌpɑk/ /ˈiːpɒk/ /ˈɛp.ək/ /ˈɛpək/ /ˈɛpˌɑk/ epochs n
époque période ère
A particular period of history, or of a person's life, especially one considered noteworthy or remarkable.
singularité évènement
A notable event which marks the beginning of such a period.

eponym /ˈɛpənɪm/ eponyms n
éponyme
A real or fictitious person or thing whose name has given rise to the name of a particular item.
A word formed from a real or fictive person’s name.

eponymous /əˈpɑnəməs/ /ɛ-/ /ɪˈpɒnɪməs/ more eponymous most eponymous adj
éponyme
Of, relating to, or being the person or entity after which someone or something is named; serving as an eponym.

eponymy eponymies n
éponymie
(semantics) The semantic relation of eponyms; the quality of being eponymous.

epoophoron epoophora n
époophore
(anatomy) A group of tubules, a remnant of the Wolffian body, often found near the ovary or oviduct.

epopee /ˈɛpəpiː/ epopees n
épopée
(rare, literary) an epic, saga

epoxide /ˈipɑksaɪd/ epoxides n
époxyde
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compound, cyclic ethers, having a three-membered ring; they are prepared by the selective oxidation of alkenes or by ring-closure of halohydrins; used to make plastics.

epoxy /ɪˈpɑk.si/ /ɪˈpɒk.si/ adj
époxy
(chemistry) Derived from an epoxide.

epoxy resin epoxy resins n
époxy
Any of a class of polyether resins, used for coatings, adhesives and foam.

epsilon /ɛpˈsaɪ.lən/ /ˈɛp.sɪ.lən/ /ˈɛp.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈɛp.sɪˌlɒn/ epsila epsilons n
epsilon
The name for the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, ε or Ε, preceded by delta (Δ, δ) and followed by zeta (Ζ, ζ).

equal /ˈiːkwəl/ /ˈiːkəl/ more equal most equal adj
égal
(not comparable) The same in all respects.
(mathematics, not comparable) Exactly identical, having the same value.

equal /ˈiːkwəl/ /ˈiːkəl/ equals n
égal égale
A person or thing of equal status to others.

equal /ˈiːkwəl/ /ˈiːkəl/ v
égaler à
(mathematics, copulative) To be equal to, to have the same value as; to correspond to.

equal pay for equal work phraseologicalUnit
à travail égal, salaire égal
The concept of labor rights that individuals in the same workplace be given equal pay.

equal rights n
égalité des droits
The concept that every person is to be treated equally by the law.

equal sign equal signs n
signe d'égalité signe égal
A symbol (=) used in mathematics to indicate that two values are the same, and elsewhere in various other ways, such as (formerly) to separate the signature from the content of a telegram.

equal temperament n
gamme au tempérament égal gamme tempérée tempérament égal
(music theory) A tuning system in which every interval, as a ratio of frequencies) is some exactly positive integral power of some smallest, other than the unison, base interval. In particular:

equality /ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ /ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ɾi] equalities n
égalité
(mathematics) The fact of being equal, of having the same value.
The equal treatment of people irrespective of social or cultural differences.

equalization equalizations n
égalisation
The act of equalizing, or state of being equalized.

equalize /ˈikwəˌlaɪz/ /ˈiːkwəlaɪz/ v
égaliser
(obsolete, transitive) To be equal to; to equal, to rival. [16th–19th c.]

equalizer equalizers n
but égalisateur
(category theory) A morphism whose codomain is the domain of a parallel pair of morphisms and which forms part of the limit of that parallel pair. Equivalently, a morphism which equalizes a parallel pair of morphisms in a limiting way, which is to say that any other morphism which equalizes that parallel pair factors through this limiting morphism; and moreover such factorization is unique.

equally /ˈiːkwəli/ /ˈiːkəli/ more equally most equally adv
également
(manner) In an equal manner; in equal shares or proportion; with equal and impartial justice; evenly

equanimity /ˌiːkwəˈnɪmɪtiː/ /ˌɛkwəˈnɪmɪtiː/ equanimities n
équanimité
The state of being calm, stable and composed, especially under stress.

equanimous /ɪˈkwæn.ɪ.məs/ more equanimous most equanimous adj
équanime
Calm and composed; of stable disposition.

equation /ɪˈkweɪʃən/ /ɪˈkweɪʒən/ equations n
équation
(astronomy) A small correction to observed values to remove the effects of systematic errors in an observation.

equation of time equations of time n
équation du temps
The discrepancy between two kinds of solar time: the apparent solar time, which directly tracks the motion of the Sun, and mean solar time, which tracks a theoretical "mean" Sun with noons 24 hours apart.

equational adj
équationnel
Of, pertaining to, or constructed using equations

equative /i(ː)ˈkweɪtɪv/ /ˈɛkwətɪv/ equatives n
comparatif d'égalité
(grammar) A construction showing an equal quality. In English, this is normally formed using as. For example, the equative of happy is as happy as.
équatif
(grammar) A grammatical case in certain languages, including Ossetic and Sumerian, that indicates something is like something else. English equivalents include he was the same age as her and he looks like him.

equator /iˈkweɪ.tɚ/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tə/ /ɪˈkweɪ.tɚ/ equators n
équateur
(geography, often, _, “the Equator”) An imaginary great circle around Earth, equidistant from the two poles, and dividing earth's surface into the northern and southern hemisphere.

equatorial /ˌɛkwəˈtɔːɹiəl/ more equatorial most equatorial adj
équatorial équatoriale
of, near, or relating to the equator

equerry /ɪˈkwɛ.ɹi/ /ˈɛ.kwə.ɹi/ equerries n
écuyer
An officer responsible for the care and supervision of the horses of a person of rank.

equestrian more equestrian most equestrian adj
hippique équestre
Of horseback riding or horseback riders.

equestrian equestrians n
cavalier
One who rides a horse.

equestrianism equestrianisms n
équitation
The art or sport of riding horses.

equestrianly adv
hippiquement

equiangular adj
équiangle
(geometry) Of a polygon, having all interior angles equal. This is not necessarily a regular polygon, since that would also be equilateral; a rectangle is equiangular but not equilateral, unless it is a square.

equilateral adj
équilatéral
(geometry, of a polygon) Having all the sides equal.

equilateral triangle equilateral triangles n
triangle équilatéral
(geometry) A triangle having all three sides equal.

equilibrist equilibrists n
équilibriste
(archaic) A tightrope walker.

equilibrium /iːkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ /ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/ equilibria equilibriums n
équilibre
The condition of a system in which competing influences are balanced, resulting in no net change.
Mental balance.
(chemistry) The state of a reaction in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are the same.
(physics) The state of a body at rest or in uniform motion in which the resultant of all forces on it is zero.

equine /ˈiˌkwaɪn/ /ˈiːˌkwaɪn/ /ˈɛˌkwaɪn/ more equine most equine adj
équin chevalin hippique
Of or relating to a horse or horses.

equinoctial /ˌiː.kwəˈnɑk.ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.wəˈnɑk.ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.wɪˈnɒk.ʃəl/ adj
équinoxial
(astronomy) Of or relating to the spring or autumnal equinox.

equinox /ˈi-/ /ˈiː-/ /ˈɛkwəˌnɑks/ /ˈɛkwɪnɒks/ /ˌi-/ /ˌiː-/ /ˌɛkwəˈnɑktiz/ /ˌɛkwɪˈnɒktiːz/ equinoctes equinoxes n
équinoxe
One of two times in the year (one in March and the other in September) when the length of the day and the night are equal, which occurs when the Earth is squarely facing the sun and the sun is directly overhead at the equator; this marks the beginning of spring in one hemisphere and autumn in the other.

equinumerous adj
équipotent
(mathematics) Having equal cardinality.

equipage /ˈɛ.kwɪ.pɪdʒ/ equipages n
bagages fourgons train des équipages
(uncountable) Equipment or supplies, especially military ones.
équipage
A type of horse-drawn carriage.

equipment /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ equipments n
équipement
The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition.
Any items used in equipping something or someone, for example things needed for an expedition or voyage.

equisonant /iːkwɪˈsəʊnənt/ adj
équisonnant
(ancient, _, music) Intra-octavally consonant.

equitability /ˌɛkwɪtəˈbɪlɪtɪ/ equitabilities n
équitabilité
The quality of being equitable; equitableness.

equity /ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/ equities n
impartialité solidarité
Fairness, impartiality, or justice as determined in light of "natural law" or "natural right".
action
(business) Ownership, especially in terms of net monetary value of some business.
capitaux propres
(accounting) Ownership interest in a company as determined by subtracting liabilities from assets.

equivalence /ɪˈkwɪv.ə.ləns/ equivalences n
équivalence
(uncountable) The condition of being equivalent or essentially equal.
(countable, mathematics) An equivalence relation; ≡; ~
(uncountable, logic) The relationship between two propositions that are either both true or both false.

equivalence principle equivalence principles n
principe d'équivalence

equivalence relation equivalence relations n
relation d'équivalence
(set theory) A binary relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ more equivalent most equivalent adj
équivalent
Similar or identical in value, meaning or effect; virtually equal.
(mathematics) Of two sets, having a one-to-one correspondence.
(mathematics) Relating to the corresponding elements of an equivalence relation.

equivalent /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/ equivalents n
équivalent
Anything that is virtually equal to something else, or has the same value, force, etc.

equivocal /əˈkwɪvəkəl/ /ɪˈkwɪvək(ə)l/ more equivocal most equivocal adj
ambigu équivoque incertain
Having two or more equally applicable meanings; capable of double or multiple interpretation.
équivoque douteux incertain indéterminé
Capable of being ascribed to different motives, or of signifying opposite feelings, purposes, or characters; deserving to be suspected.
équivoque
Uncertain, as an indication or sign.

equivocation /əˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn/ /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃn̩/ /ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/ equivocations n
équivocité équivoque
(logic) A logical fallacy resulting from the use of multiple meanings of a single expression.
quiproquo équivoque
The use of expressions susceptible of a double signification, possibly intentionally and with the aim of misleading.

era /ˈɛɹ.ə/ /ˈɪə.ɹə/ /ˈɪɚ.ə/ [ˈɪə̯.ɹə] eras n
ère époque période
A time period of indeterminate length, generally more than one year.

eradicate /ɪˈɹæd.ɪ.keɪt/ v
déraciner
(transitive) To pull up by the roots; to uproot.
éradiquer
(transitive) To destroy completely; to reduce to nothing radically; to put an end to; to extirpate.

eradication eradications n
éradication déracinement
The act of plucking up by the roots; an uprooting; extirpation; utter destruction.

eradicator eradicators n
éradicateur
A person who, or thing that eradicates.

erasable more erasable most erasable adj
effaçable
Capable of being erased

erase /ɪˈɹeɪs/ /ɪˈɹeɪz/ v
effacer
(transitive) To obliterate information from (a storage medium), such as to clear or (with magnetic storage) to demagnetize.
(transitive) To obliterate (information) from a storage medium, such as to clear or to overwrite.
effacer s'effacer
(intransitive) To be erased (have markings removed, have information removed, or be cleared of information).

eraser /ɪˈɹeɪsɚ/ /ɪˈɹeɪzə/ erasers n
gomme effaceur efface
(North America, Philippines) A thing used to erase or remove something written or drawn by a pen or a pencil.
brosse à tableau gomme
(North America, Philippines) A thing used to erase something written by chalk on a chalkboard, by marker on a whiteboard, or by some other erasable implement; a chalkboard eraser, whiteboard eraser, etc.

eraser pen eraser pens n
stylo-gomme
A fine eraser, user to erase individual lines of written text

erastes /ɛˈɹæsteɪs/ erastai n
éraste
(historical) An adult man in Ancient Greece who courted or was in a pederastic relationship with an adolescent boy.

erbium /ˈɜː.bɪ.əm/ /ˈɝ.bi.əm/ erbiums n
erbium
A chemical element (symbol Er) with atomic number 68: a silvery-white metal, in nature always found in combination with other elements.

erect /ɪˈɹɛkt/ more erect most erect adj
dressé érigé
Upright; vertical or reaching broadly upwards.
dressé en érection érigé
(of body parts) Rigid, firm; standing out perpendicularly, especially as the result of stimulation.
en érection
(of a person) Having an erect penis.

erectile /əˈɹɛktaɪl/ adj
érectile
(biology, medicine, of tissue) Capable of filling with blood and becoming rigid.

erectile dysfunction n
dysfonction érectile dysérection trouble de l'érection
(medicine, pathology) The inability of a male to achieve or sustain an erection.

erection /ɪˈɹɛkʃən/ erections n
érection
(uncountable) The act of building or putting up or together of something.
(uncountable, physiology) The physiological process by which erectile tissue, such as a penis or clitoris, becomes erect by being engorged with blood.
érection bandaison
(uncountable, physiology, of a penis or clitoris) The state or quality of being erect from engorgement with blood.

eremacausis /ˌɛɹɪməˈkɔːzɪs/ n
érémacausie
A gradual oxidation from exposure to air and moisture, as in the decay of old trees or dead animals.

eremitic /ɛɹəˈmɪtɪk/ more eremitic most eremitic adj
érémitique
Characteristic of a hermit

eremitism n
érémitisme
The state of being a hermit; seclusion from society.

erethism /ˈɛɹɪθɪzəm/ erethisms n
éréthisme
(pathology) Abnormal excitement of a bodily organ or tissue.

ergative /ˈɜːɡətɪv/ /ˈɝɡətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] adj
ergatif
(grammar) With the subject of a transitive construction having grammatical cases or thematic relations different from those of an intransitive construction.

ergative /ˈɜːɡətɪv/ /ˈɝɡətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] ergatives n
ergatif
An ergative verb or other expression.

ergative case ergative cases n
ergatif
(grammar) A grammatical case used to indicate the agent of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages.

ergo /ˈɛɚɡoʊ/ /ˈɝɡoʊ/ conjunction
donc
therefore (especially in syllogisms)

ergo- prefix
ergo-

ergocalciferol ergocalciferols n
ergocalciférol
Constituent of vitamin D1 and vitamin D2.

ergodic /ɜɹˈɡoʊdɪk/ /ɜɹˈɡɑdɪk/ more ergodic most ergodic adj
ergodique
(mathematics, physics) Of or relating to certain systems that, given enough time, will eventually return to a previously experienced state.

ergogenic more ergogenic most ergogenic adj
ergogénique

ergometer ergometers n
ergomètre
A dynamometer used to measure the work done by muscles

ergometry ergometries n
ergométrie
measurement with an ergometer

ergonomic more ergonomic most ergonomic adj
ergonomique
Of or relating to the science of ergonomics.

ergonomics /əːɡəˈnɒmɪks/ /ˌɝɡəˈnɑmɪks/ n
ergonomie
The science of the design of equipment, especially so as to reduce operator fatigue, discomfort and injury. [from c. 1950.]

ergonomist ergonomists n
ergonome ergonomiste
An expert in ergonomics.

ergosphere ergospheres n
ergosphère
(physics) A region outside the event horizon of a rotating black hole in which space and time are distorted by shear forces.

ergosterol ergosterols n
ergostérol
(steroid hormone, mycology) The steroid precursor of vitamin D2. It is found in cell membranes of fungi, and is their functional equivalent of cholesterol. It is also found in the membranes of some protists.

ergot /ˈərɡət/ /ˈərˌɡɑt/ /ˈəːɡɒt/ /ˈəːɡət/ ergots n
ergot
The sclerotium (wintering stage) of certain fungi in the genus Claviceps, appearing as a deformed grain in certain cereals and grasses infected by the fungi.

ergotamine /ɜːˈɡɒtəmiːn/ ergotamines n
ergotamine
(organic chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid, extracted from ergot, that causes constriction of blood vessels and has been used to treat migraine; it is related to lysergic acid.

erhu /ɚˈhuː/ /ˈɜːhuː/ erhu erhus n
erhu
A type of bowed spike fiddle having two strings, originating in China as part of the huqin family of string instruments.

eriometer eriometers n
ériomètre
An optical device used to measure the diameters of fibres such as wool

eristic eristics n
éristique
A type of dialogue or argument where the participants do not have any reasonable goal. The aim is to argue for the sake of conflict, and often to see who can yell the loudest.

erm /ɜːm/ /ɝm/ interjection
euh
(UK) Used in hesitant speech, or to express uncertainty; um, umm.

ermine /ˈɜːmɪn/ /ˈɝmɪn/ ermine ermines n
hermine
A weasel found in northern latitudes (Mustela erminea in Eurasia, Alaska, and the Arctic, Mustela haidarum in Haida Gwaii, Mustela richardsonii in the rest of North America); its dark brown fur turns white in winter, apart from the black tip of the tail.
The white fur of this animal, traditionally seen as a symbol of purity and used for judges' robes.
(tincture) A white field with black spots.

erode /ɪˈɹoʊd/ /ɪˈɹəʊd/ v
éroder
To wear away by abrasion, corrosion or chemical reaction.

erogenous /əˈɹɒd͡ʒɪnəs/ more erogenous most erogenous adj
érogène
Sensitive to sexual arousal.

erogenous zone erogenous zones n
zone érogène
(sexuality) A part of the human body that is particularly responsive to sexual stimulation.

eromenos /ɛˈɹəʊmɛnɒs/ eromenoi n
éromène
(historical) An adolescent boy in Ancient Greece who was courted by an older man, or was in an erotic relationship with him.

erosion /əˈɹoʊʒən/ /əˈɹəʊʒən/ erosions n
érosion
(uncountable) The result of having been worn away or eroded, as by a glacier on rock or the sea on a cliff face.
(uncountable) The changing of a surface by mechanical action, friction, thermal expansion contraction, or impact.
(uncountable, figurative) The gradual loss of something as a result of an ongoing process.
(uncountable) Destruction by abrasive action of fluids.
(medicine) A shallow ulceration or lesion, usually involving skin or epithelial tissue.

erotic /ɪˈɹɑtɪk/ /ɪˈɹɒtɪk/ more erotic most erotic adj
érotique
Relating to or tending to arouse sexual desire or excitement.

erotica /ɪˈɹɒt.ɪkə/ eroticas n
érotisme
(uncountable) Erotic literature, art, decoration, or other such work.

erotically more erotically most erotically adv
érotiquement
in an erotic manner

eroticism eroticisms n
érotisme
the state of being erotic, or of being sexually aroused

eroticization eroticizations n
érotisation
The act or process of eroticizing.

eroticize v
érotiser
(transitive) To make erotic.

eroto- prefix
éroto-
Used to form terms related to sexual desire.

erotology n
érotologie
The study of sexual stimuli and behaviour.

erotomania erotomanias n
érotomanie
A disorder in which a person has a delusion of a romantic relationship with another person.

erotopathy erotopathies n
érotopathie
An abnormality related to sexual desire

erotophobia n
érotophobie
Fear of sex; negative attitudes towards sex

err /ɛə(ɹ)/ /ɛɚ/ /ɜː(ɹ)/ /ɝ/ v
tromper errer

errand /ˈɛɹənd/ errands n
course
A journey undertaken to accomplish some task.
commission
An oral message trusted to a person for delivery.

errand boy errand boys n
coursier garçon de courses
A male employed to run errands.

errant /ˈɛɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈɛɹənt/ more errant most errant adj
errant
Straying from the proper course or standard, or outside established limits.

errata /ɛˈɹɑtə/ /ɛˈɹɑːtə/ n
errata
An added page in a printed work where errors which are discovered after printing and their corrections (corrigenda) are listed.

erratic /ɪˈɹætɪk/ more erratic most erratic adj
erratique
Unsteady, random; prone to unexpected changes; not consistent.

errhine /ˈɛɹ.aɪn/ more errhine most errhine adj
errhin
(medicine, rare) Causing an increase in mucus within the nose, and hence causing one to sneeze.

erroneous /ɛɹˈoʊ.ni.əs/ /ɛɹˈəʊ.nɪ.əs/ /ɪˈɹoʊ.ni.əs/ /ɪˈɹəʊ.nɪ.əs/ more erroneous most erroneous adj
erroné
Containing an error; inaccurate.

erroneously /ɪˈɹəʊnɪəsli/ more erroneously most erroneously adv
erronément par erreur faitivement à tort
In an erroneous manner.

error /ɛɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ errors n
erreur
(countable) A mistake; an accidental wrong action or a false statement not made deliberately.
(statistics, countable) The difference between a measured or calculated value and a true one.
Any alteration in the DNA chemical structure occurring during DNA replication, recombination or repairing.
vice
(appellate, _, legal, uncountable) One or more mistakes in a trial that could be grounds for review of the judgement.

error /ɛɚ/ /ˈɛɹ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɛɹ.ɚ/ v
être en erreur
(computing) To function improperly due to an error, especially accompanied by error message.
foirer planter
(telecommunications) To show or contain an error or fault.

error message error messages n
message d'erreur indication d'erreur
(computing) A message displayed when a failure condition occurs, usually on a computer or device.

error-prone more error-prone most error-prone adj
enclin à l'erreur
In the habit of making errors.

ersatz /ɛəɹˈsɑːts/ /ɛəɹˈzɑːts/ /ˈɛəzæts/ /ˈɛəɹsɑts/ /ˈɛəɹzɑts/ /ˈɜːsæts/ /ˈɝsæts/ [ɛəɹˈsɑːts] ersatzes n
ersatz
Something made in imitation; an effigy or substitute.

erstwhile /ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/ /ˈɝst.waɪl/ adj
ancien autrefois
(literary, legal, or, India) Former, previous.

eruct v
éructer
(formal) To burp or belch.

eructate v
éructer
(formal, intransitive) To burp; to belch.

erudite /ˈɛɹ.(j)u.daɪt/ /ˈɛɹ.(j)ə.daɪt/ /ˈɛɹ.ʊ.daɪt/ more erudite most erudite adj
érudit
Learned, scholarly, with emphasis on knowledge gained from books.

eruditely more eruditely most eruditely adv
éruditement
In a learned or scholarly manner.

erudition /ˌɛɹʊˈdɪʃən/ eruditions n
érudition
Profound knowledge acquired from learning and scholarship.

erupt /ɪˈɹʌpt/ v
entrer en éruption
(intransitive) To eject something violently (such as lava or water, as from a volcano or geyser).

eruption /ɪˈɹʌpʃən/ eruptions n
éruption
A violent ejection, such as the spurting out of lava from a volcano.
A sudden release of pressure or tension.

eruption column eruption columns n
colonne volcanique colonne éruptive panache volcanique panache éruptif
(geology) a cloud of ash emitted during a volcanic eruption

eruv /ˈeɪ.ɹʊv/ /ˈɛɹʊv/ eruvim eruvin eruvs n
érouv
(Jewish law, most commonly) An eruv chatzerot; ritual aggregation of properties that allows Jews observing traditional Shabbat rules to carry burdens across property lines.
(Jewish law) One of the other types of eruv; an eruv tavshilin or eruv techumin.

erysipelas /ˌɛ.ɹɪˈsɪp.ɪl.əs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɛɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.ləs/ /ˌɪɹ.əˈsɪp.əl.əs/ erysipelases n
érysipèle
(disease) An acute, sometimes recurrent febrile disease caused by infection of a hemolytic streptococcus, associated with intense edematous local inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and marked by large raised red patches on the skin.

erysipelatous adj
érysipélateux
Resembling erysipelas; erysipeloid.

erythema /ˌɛɹəˈθiːmə/ erythemas erythemata n
érythème
Abnormal redness and inflammation of the skin, due to vasodilation.

erythromycin /ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹə(ʊ)ˈmʌɪ.sɪn/ /ɪˌɹɪθ.ɹəˈmaɪ.sn̩/ erythromycins n
érythromycine

erythronium n
érythrone
A plant of the genus Erythronium; a dogtooth violet.

erythrophobia n
érythrophobie
abnormal and persistent fear of blushing

erythropoiesis erythropoieses n
érythropoïèse
The production of red blood cells (in bone marrow)

erythropoietin /ɪˌɹɪθɹəˈpɔɪ.ɪtɪn/ erythropoietins n
érythropoïétine
(biochemistry) A glycoprotein hormone that functions as a cytokine for erythrocyte precursors in bone marrow.

escalade /ˈɛskəˌleɪd/ /ˈɛskəˌlɑd/ /ˌɛskəˈleɪd/ v
escalader
(military, dated) To scale the walls of a fortification.

escalate /ˈɛs.kjə.leɪt/ /ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/ v
intensifier
(ambitransitive) To increase (something) in extent or intensity; to intensify or step up.
faire remonter
(transitive) In technical support, to transfer a customer, a problem, etc. to the next higher level of authority

escalation /ˈɛs.kəˌleɪ.ʃən/ escalations n
escalade
an increase or rise, especially one to counteract a perceived discrepancy
a deliberate or premeditated increase in the violence or geographic scope of a conflict

escalator /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tə/ /ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tɚ/ escalators n
escalateur escalator escalier mécanique
A motor-driven mechanical device consisting of a continuous loop of steps that automatically conveys people from one floor to another.

escalope /ˈɛskəˌloʊp/ /ˈɛskəˌlɒp/ /ˌɛskəˈloʊp/ escalopes n
escalope
A thin slice of meat, especially veal or poultry.

escapade /ˈɛskəˌpeɪd/ escapades n
escapade
A daring or adventurous act; an undertaking which goes against convention.

escape /əˈskeɪp/ /ɛ-/ /ɛk-/ /ɪk-/ /ɪˈskeɪp/ escapes n
évasion échappatoire
The act of leaving a dangerous or unpleasant situation.

escape /əˈskeɪp/ /ɛ-/ /ɛk-/ /ɪk-/ /ɪˈskeɪp/ v
échapper fuir s'échapper
(intransitive) To get free; to free oneself.
éviter
(transitive) To avoid (any unpleasant person or thing); to elude, get away from.
tirer
(intransitive) To avoid capture; to get away with something, avoid punishment.
échapper (à quelqu'un)
(transitive) To elude the observation or notice of; to not be seen or remembered by.

escape pod /əˈskeɪp.pɒd/ escape pods n
capsule de sauvetage
(mostly, scifi) Any small, secondary, emergency-use vehicle used to evacuate from the main vehicle during times of danger.

escape velocity escape velocities n
vitesse de libération
(astrophysics) The minimum speed needed to escape the gravitational field of a planet or other body.

escapism /ɪˈskeɪpɪzəm/ escapisms n
escapisme
An inclination to escape from routine or reality into fantasy.

escapology /ˈɛs.kəˌpɑl.ə.dʒi/ /ˈɛs.kəˌpɒl.ə.dʒiː/ escapologies n
escapologie
The study or art of escaping from a physical restraint, enclosure, or constriction, such as a rope, a sealed box, handcuffs, etc.; escape artistry.

escargot /ɪsˈkɑːɡəʊ/ /ˌɛskɑɹˈɡoʊ/ escargots n
escargot escargot de Bourgogne
(uncountable) A dish, commonly associated with French cuisine, consisting of edible snails.

escarole /-ɹɒl/ /ˈɛskəɹoʊl/ /ˈɛskəɹəʊl/ escaroles n
escarole scarole
(Canada, US) A subspecies or variety of broad-leaved endive (Cichorium endivia subsp. endivia, syn. Cichorium endivia var. latifolium), which is eaten as a vegetable. [from early 20th c.]

escarpment /ɪˈskɑɹp.mənt/ /ɪˈskɑːp.mənt/ escarpments n
escarpement
A steep descent or declivity; steep face or edge of a ridge; ground about a fortified place, cut away nearly vertically to prevent hostile approach.

eschar /ˈɛskɑɹ/ /ˈɛskɑː/ eschars n
escarre
(loose or obsolete) Any hard, dark, commonly flattened or sunken lesion or crust, especially on a burn, abscess, infection, wound; commonly a coagulation of blood or exudations, not necessarily involving dead or necrotic tissue.

eschatocol eschatocols n
eschatocole

eschatological /ˌɛskətəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌɛskətəˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ adj
eschatologique
Pertaining to eschatology.

eschatology /ˌɛs.kəˈtɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛsk.əˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ eschatologies n
eschatologie
(countable) A system of doctrines concerning final matters, such as death.
(uncountable) The study of the end times—the end of the world, notably in Christian and Islamic theology, the second coming of Christ, the Apocalypse, or the Last Judgment.

eschew /s.t͡ʃ/ /sk/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃju/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃu/ /ɛsˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɛˈskju/ /ɛˈʃu/ /ɪsˈt͡ʃu/ /ɪsˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɪʃˈt͡ʃuː/ /ɪˈʃu/ /ʃ/ v
esquiver
(transitive, formal) To avoid; to shun, to shy away from.

escort /ɪsˈkɔɹt/ /ɪsˈkɔːt/ /ˈɛs.kɔɹt/ /ˈɛs.kɔːt/ escorts n
escorte
A group of people or vehicles, generally armed, who go with a person or people of importance to safeguard them on a journey or mission.

escort /ɪsˈkɔɹt/ /ɪsˈkɔːt/ /ˈɛs.kɔɹt/ /ˈɛs.kɔːt/ v
escorter
To attend to in order to guard and protect; to accompany as a safeguard (for the person escorted or for others); to give honorable or ceremonious attendance to

escrow /ˈɛ.skɹoʊ̯/ /ˈɛ.skɹəʊ̯/ escrows n
fiducie

esculic acid n
acide esculique

escutcheon /ɪˈskʌt͡ʃən/ escutcheons n
écusson
(heraldry) An individual or corporate coat of arms.
A decorative and/or protective plate or bezel to fill the gap between a switch, pipe, valve, control knob, etc., and the surface from which it protrudes.

esker /ˈɛskə/ /ˈɛskɚ/ eskers n
esker
A long, narrow, sinuous ridge created by deposits from a stream running beneath a glacier.

esophageal /ɪˌsɒfəˈd͡ʒiːəl/ adj
œsophagien
Of or pertaining to the esophagus.

esophageal cancer esophageal cancers n
cancer de l'œsophage
(pathology, US) (oncology) A malignancy in the esophagus.

esophagitis esophagitides n
œsophagite
(American spelling) Inflammation of the oesophagus.

esoteric /ˌiː.səˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ /ˌɛs.oʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ /ˌɛs.əˈtɛɹ.ɪk/ more esoteric most esoteric adj
ésotérique
Intended for or likely to be understood by only a small number of people with a specialized knowledge or interest, or an enlightened inner circle.
cérébral ésotérique
Having to do with concepts that are highly theoretical and without obvious practical application; often with mystical or religious connotations.

esoterism esoterisms n
ésotérisme
The inward forms of faith and religion; transcendence, mystic experience, and internal realizations of the Divine.

espadrille /ɛspəˈdɹɪl/ espadrilles n
espadrille
A light shoe having an upper made of fabric and a sole of rope.

espagnolette espagnolettes n
espagnolette
A locking device normally mounted on a pair French windows or casement window.

esparto n
alfa
Either of two species of perennial grasses used for fibre production, and for making paper:

especially /əˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛkˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɛsˈpɛʃ.(ə.)li/ /ɪˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/ more especially most especially adv
spécialement
(manner) In a special manner; specially.
particulièrement spécialement surtout en particulier
(focus) Particularly; to a greater extent than is normal.

espionage /ˈɛs.pi.ə.ˌnɑːʒ/ espionages n
espionnage
The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

espouse /ɪˈspaʊs/ /ɪˈspaʊz/ v
épouser
(transitive) To marry.
adopter épouser
(transitive, figurative, modern usage) To accept, support, or take on as one’s own (an idea or a cause).

espresso /əˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɛkˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɛkˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɛˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɛˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɪkˈspɹɛsoʊ/ /ɪkˈspɹɛsəʊ/ /ɪˈspɹɛsəʊ/ espressi espressos n
expresso espresso café express café court café espresso café expresso
A concentrated coffee beverage brewed by forcing hot water under high pressure through finely ground coffee.

esprit de corps /ɛˌspɹi də ˈkɔɹ/ /ɛˌspɹiː də ˈkɔː/ n
esprit de corps
(idiomatic) A shared spirit of comradeship, enthusiasm, and devotion to a cause among the members of a group, for example of a military unit.

esquire /ɪˈskwaɪə/ /ˈɛskwaɪɚ/ esquires n
Maître écuyer
(archaic) A squire; a youth who in the hopes of becoming a knight attended upon a knight
écuyer
(obsolete) A shield-bearer, but also applied to other attendants.

ess /ˈɛs/ esses n
esse
The name of the Latin-script letter S.

essay /ɛˈseɪ/ /ˈɛs.eɪ/ essays n
essai rédaction dissertation
(authorship) A written composition of moderate length, exploring a particular issue or subject.

essayist /ˈɛ.seɪ.ɪst/ essayists n
essayiste
One who composes essays; a writer of short compositions.

essence /ˈɛsəns/ essences n
essence
The inherent nature of a thing or idea.
(philosophy) The true nature of anything, not accidental or illusory.
A significant feature of something.
An extract or concentrate obtained from a plant or other matter used for flavouring, or as a restorative.
Fragrance, a perfume.

essential /ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/ [əˈsɛn.tʃəl] more essential most essential adj
indispensable
Very important; of high importance.
essentiel fondamental
Being in the basic form; showing its essence.

essential oil essential oils n
huile essentielle
A volatile oil, used to make perfumes and flavourings, especially one having the characteristic odour of the plant from which it is obtained.

essential tremor essential tremors n
tremblement essentiel
(medicine, chiefly, uncountable) A neurological condition that causes rhythmic shaking of unknown cause in one or more parts of the body during voluntary movements.

essentialism essentialisms n
essentialisme
(philosophy) The view that objects have properties that are essential to them.

essentiality essentialities n
essentialité
The condition of being essential; a basic set of essential traits; being

essentialize v
essentialiser
(transitive) To reduce (something) to its essence.

essentially /ɪˈsɛnʃəli/ more essentially most essentially adv
essentiellement en essence
in essence

essive case essive cases n
essif
(grammar) Noun case used to indicate a temporary state of being, such as the site of an action or the time at which it took place.

establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/ v
affermir établir
(transitive) To make stable or firm; to confirm.
établir
(transitive) To form; to found; to institute; to set up in business.

established /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt/ more established most established adj
établi
(Model, procedure, disease) Explicitly defined, described or recognized as a reference.

established order n
ordre établi

establishment /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ establishments n
établissement
The state of being established, founded, etc.; fixed state.
That which is established; as a form of government, a permanent organization, business or force, or the place where one is permanently fixed for residence.
(Christianity) The institution and official status of a church as a state church, especially that of the Church of England and historically of Ireland.
establishment système classe dirigeante
(usually with "the") The ruling class or authority group in a society; especially, an entrenched authority dedicated to preserving the status quo. Also Establishment.

estate /ɪˈsteɪt/ estates n
patrimoine
The collective property and liabilities of someone, especially a deceased person. [from 19th c.]
ordre
(historical) A major social class or order of persons regarded collectively as part of the body politic of the country and formerly possessing distinct political rights (Estates of the realm). [from 14th c.]
biens proprieté
(legal) The nature and extent of a person's interest in, or ownership of, land. [from 15th c.]
domaine propriété
An (especially extensive) area of land, under a single ownership. [from 18th c.]

estate agent estate agents n
agent immobilier agente immobilière
(British, Ireland) A person or company that acts in the sale, purchase, lease or maintenance of land, property, real estate etc for another.

esteem /əˈstiːm/ /ɪˈstiːm/ esteems n
estime respect
Favourable regard.

esteem /əˈstiːm/ /ɪˈstiːm/ v
respecter
To set a high value on; to regard with respect or reverence.

ester /ˈɛstə/ /ˈɛstɚ/ esters n
ester
(organic compound) A compound most often formed by the condensation of an alcohol and an acid, with elimination of water, which contains the functional group carbon-oxygen double bond (i.e., carbonyl) joined via carbon to another oxygen atom.

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ estimates n
estimation
A rough calculation or assessment of the value, size, or cost of something.
devis
(construction and business) A document (or verbal notification) specifying how much a job is likely to cost.

estimate /ˈɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɛs.təˌmeɪt/ /ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ˈɛs.tɪˌmeɪt/ v
estimer
To calculate roughly, often from imperfect data.

estimation /ˌes.tɪˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛs.təˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛs.tɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/ estimations n
estimation
The process of making an estimate.

estival /iːˈstaɪv(ə)l/ /ɛˈstaɪv(ə)l/ /ˈiːstɪv(ə)l/ /ˈɛstaɪv(ə)l/ more estival most estival adj
estival
Of or relating to summer.

estivate /ˈɛstɪˌveɪt/ v
estiver
(intransitive) To go into stasis or torpor in the summer months.

estrange /əˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ v
éloigner
(transitive) To cause to feel less close or friendly; alienate. To cease contact with (particularly of a family member or spouse, especially in form estranged).
aliéner
(transitive) To remove from an accustomed place or set of associations.

estranged more estranged most estranged adj
désuni éloigné
Having become a stranger, of one who formerly was close, as a relative, friend, lover, or spouse.

estrangement /ɪsˈtreɪnd͡ʒmənt/ estrangements n
éloignement
The act of estranging; the act of alienating; alienation.

estro n
estro œstro

estrogen /ˈiːstɹəd͡ʒən/ /ˈɛstɹəd͡ʒən/ estrogens n
œstrogène
(steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroids that are secreted by the ovaries and function as female sex hormones.

estrogenic adj
œstrogénique
(steroid) Of, relating to, or acting like estrogen.

estrous adj
œstral
Of, pertaining to, or in a state of estrus.

estuary /ˈɛstjʊəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈɛst͡ʃʊəɹi/ estuaries n
estuaire
A coastal water body where ocean tides and river water merge, resulting in a brackish water zone.

eszett eszetts n
eszett
The character ß.

et al. /eɪˈtɑːl/ /ɛtˈæl/ /ɛtˈɑːl/ /ɛtˈɔl/ phraseologicalUnit
& cie et al. et coll.
And others; to complete a list, especially of persons, as authors of a published work.

et tu, Brute /ɛt ˈtu ˌbɹutɛ/ phraseologicalUnit
tu quoque mi fili
"You too, Brutus" or "even you, Brutus"; expressing a recognition of betrayal.

eta /ˈeɪtə/ /ˈiːtə/ etas n
êta
The seventh letter of the Modern Greek alphabet, the eighth in Old Greek.

etacism etacisms n
étacisme
(grammar) The pronunciation of the Greek eta like the Italian long e, or the vowel in the English word ate.

etc. /ɪkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ɪt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛkˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ /ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə/ phraseologicalUnit
etc. ... et cætera et cétéra
And so on: used to note that the rest of a list or piece of information has been left out on the assumption that it is similar or already known.

etch /ɛt͡ʃ/ v
graver marquer
To cut into a surface with an acid or other corrosive substance in order to make a pattern. Best known as a technique for creating printing plates, but also used for decoration on metal, and, in modern industry, to make circuit boards.
graver
To engrave a surface.
To sketch; to delineate.

etching /ˈɛt͡ʃ.ɪŋ/ etchings n
eau-forte gravure
(uncountable) The art of producing an image from a metal plate into which an image or text has been etched with acid.
eau-forte estampe
(countable) The image created by this process.

etendue /ˌeɪ.tɑnˈdu/ /ˌeɪ.tɒnˈd(j)uː/ n
étendue de faisceau étendue géométrique
(optics) A conserved property of the light in an optical system which characterizes how "spread out" the light is in terms of angle and area: it is the product of its cross-sectional area (normal to the direction of propagation) and the solid angle it subtends.

eternal /iˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪˈtɝ.nəl/ more eternal most eternal adj
éternel perpétuel
Lasting forever; unending.

eternal sleep n
sommeil éternel
(idiomatic, euphemistic) Death, eternal oblivion

eternally /ɪˈtɜː(ɹ)nəli/ adv
éternellement
For eternity; forever.

eternity /ɪˈtɜː.nə.ti/ /ɪˈtɝnɪti/ eternities n
éternité
(uncountable) Existence without end, infinite time.
(countable) A period of time which extends infinitely far into the future.
(metaphysical) The remainder of time that elapses after death.
(informal, hyperbole) A comparatively long time.

etesian /ɪˈtiːzɪən/ /ɪˈtiːʒən/ adj
étésien
Pertaining to a dry north wind which blows in the eastern Mediterranean.

etesian /ɪˈtiːzɪən/ /ɪˈtiːʒən/ etesians n
étésien
A dry north wind which blows in the eastern Mediterranean.

ethane /ˈiːθeɪn/ /ˈɛθeɪn/ ethanes n
éthane
(organic compound, uncountable) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C2H6, gaseous at normal temperatures and pressures, being a constituent of natural gas.

ethanoic adj
éthanoïque

ethanol /ˈɛθ.ə.nɑl/ /ˈɛθ.ə.nɒl/ ethanols n
éthanol
(organic compound) A simple aliphatic alcohol formally derived from ethane by replacing one hydrogen atom with a hydroxyl group: CH3-CH2-OH.

ethel /ˈɛθəl/ n
e dans l'o
The letter Œ/œ, or the rune ᛟ.

ether /ˈi.θɚ/ /ˈiː.θə/ ethers n
éther
(uncountable, literary, or, poetic) The substance formerly supposed to fill the upper regions of the atmosphere above the clouds, in particular as a medium breathed by deities.
(uncountable, physics, historical) Often as aether and more fully as luminiferous aether: a substance once thought to fill all unoccupied space that allowed electromagnetic waves to pass through it and interact with matter, without exerting any resistance to matter or energy; its existence was disproved by the 1887 Michelson–Morley experiment and the theory of relativity propounded by Albert Einstein (1879–1955).
(uncountable, organic compound) Diethyl ether (C4H10O), an organic compound with a sweet odour used in the past as an anaesthetic.
(countable, organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds containing an oxygen atom bonded to two hydrocarbon groups.

ethereal /ɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ɪˈθɪɚ.i.əl/ more ethereal most ethereal adj
éthéré
Pertaining to the presupposition of an invisible air-like element permeating all of space, or to the higher regions beyond the earth or beyond the atmosphere.
Consisting of ether; hence, exceedingly light or airy; tenuous; spiritlike; characterized by extreme delicacy, as form, manner, thought, etc.

etheromania n
éthéromanie
An addiction to ether intoxication.

ethical /ˈɛθɪkəl/ more ethical most ethical adj
éthique
(philosophy, not comparable) Of or relating to the study of ethics.
(not comparable) Of or relating to the accepted principles of right and wrong, especially those of some organization or profession.
(comparable) Morally approvable; good.

ethical dative ethical datives n
datif éthique
(grammar) A form of the dative case applied to pronouns; used (in Latin and some other languages, but rare in English) to show a certain interest felt by the person indicated.

ethicist /ˈɛθɪsɪst/ ethicists n
éthicien
A person, especially a philosopher, who studies ethics (principles governing right and wrong conduct).

ethics /ˈɛθ.ɪks/ ethics n
éthique
(philosophy) The study of principles relating to right and wrong conduct.
The standards that govern the conduct of a person, especially a member of a profession.

ethmoid bone ethmoid bones n
os ethmoïde
The bone of the skull between the eyes and at the roof of the nose.

ethnic /ˈɛθ.nɪk/ more ethnic most ethnic adj
païen
ethnique
Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, ancestral, national, religious or cultural origins.
Characteristic of a foreign or a minority group's culture.

ethnic cleansing n
nettoyage ethnique épuration ethnique
The mass expulsion or killing of people belonging to one ethnic group by those of another.

ethnic group ethnic groups n
ethnie groupe ethnique
A group of people who identify with one another, especially on the basis of ancestral, national, cultural, historical or religious grounds.

ethnic minority ethnic minorities n
minorité ethnique
A group of people who have a different ethnicity, religion, language or culture from that of the majority of people in the place where they live.

ethnicity /ɛθˈnɪsɪti/ ethnicities n
ethnicité appartenance ethnique
The common characteristics of a group of people, especially regarding ancestry, culture, language or national experiences.
ethnie groupe ethnique
An ethnic group.

ethno- /ɛθnoʊ/ prefix
ethno-
race; ethnicity (in the sense of classification of human beings).

ethnocentric more ethnocentric most ethnocentric adj
ethnocentrique
Of or pertaining to ethnocentrism.

ethnocentrism /ˌɛθ.nəʊˈsɛn.tɹɪzm̩/ ethnocentrisms n
ethnocentrisme
The tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own traditional, deferred, or adoptive ethnic culture.

ethnocide ethnocides n
ethnocide

ethnocultural adj
ethnoculturel
Of or pertaining to the culture of an ethnic group
Describing an ethnic group that has a distinct culture

ethnoentomology n
ethnoentomologie

ethnogenesis ethnogeneses n
ethnogenèse

ethnographer ethnographers n
ethnographe
One who practices ethnography.

ethnographic adj
ethnographique
Relating to ethnography.

ethnography /ɛθˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ɛθˈnɒɡɹəfi/ ethnographies n
ethnographie
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that scientifically describes specific human cultures and societies.

ethnolect /ˈɛθnəlɛkt/ ethnolects n
ethnolecte
A language variety specific to an ethnic group.

ethnolinguist ethnolinguists n
ethnolinguiste
A scholar of ethnolinguistics; a linguistic anthropologist who studies the language of a specific ethnic group.

ethnolinguistic adj
ethnolinguistique
Of or pertaining to ethnolinguistics.

ethnolinguistics n
ethnolinguistique
The field of linguistic anthropology which studies the language of a specific ethnic group.

ethnological more ethnological most ethnological adj
ethnologique
Of or pertaining to ethnology.

ethnologist ethnologists n
ethnologue
One who practices ethnology.

ethnology ethnologies n
ethnologie
(anthropology) The branch of anthropology that studies and compares the different human cultures.

ethnomusicology ethnomusicologies n
ethnomusicologie
(music) The study of music and culture; the study of music as it relates to its cultural context.

ethnonationalism ethnonationalisms n
ethnonationalisme
A type of nationalism which defines the nation in terms of a shared ethnicity.

ethnonym ethnonyms n
ethnonyme
The name of an ethnic group, nation, nationality, tribe, tribal alliance, clan, or other ethnic community.

ethnophaulism ethnophaulisms n
ethnophaulisme
An ethnic or racial slur, typically caricaturing some identifiable (often physical) feature of the group being derided.

ethnopolitical adj
ethnopolitique
Relating to ethnopolitics.

ethnoreligious /ˌɛθnəʊɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒəs/ adj
ethnoreligieux
Of or pertaining to ethnicity and religion.

ethnostate ethnostates n
ethno-état
A political unit that is populated by and run in the interest of an ethnic group.

ethography n
éthographie
The study and recording of moral behaviour and human manners

ethology /iˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /iːˈθɒl.ə.dʒi/ /ɪˈθɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ ethologies n
éthologie
(zoology) The scientific study of animalian behaviour, especially that of nonhuman animals.

ethopoeia ethopoeiae ethopoeias n
éthopée
(uncountable) A rhetorical technique in which the speaker or author presents an imaginary speech by a real person, portraying that person's known characteristics and propensities.

ethos /ˈiːθɒs/ /ˈiθoʊs/ /ˈiθɑs/ ethe ethea ethoses n
éthos
(art) The traits in a work of art which express the ideal or typic character, as influenced by the ethos (character or fundamental values) of a people, rather than emotional situations or individual character traits in a narrow sense; opposed to pathos.

ethyl acetate n
acétate d'éthyle éthanoate d’éthyle
(organic compound) The ethyl ester of acetic acid; CH3COOCH2CH3

ethylene /ˈɛθəˌliːn/ /ˈɛθɪˌliːn/ ethylenes n
éthylène éthène
(organic compound) The common name for the organic chemical compound ethene. The simplest alkene, a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C2H4.
éthylène
(organic chemistry) The divalent radical derived from ethane.

ethylene glycol n
éthylène glycol
(organic compound) An organic compound, HO-CH2-CH2-OH, and the chemical structure at right. It is a clear, colorless liquid under normal conditions, and is widely used as a vehicle engine coolant due to its anti-freeze properties.

ethylene oxide n
dihydroxyrène oxiranne oxyde d'éthylène oxyde de diméthylène
(organic compound) The simplest epoxide; used as a sterilizing agent and in the production of ethylene glycol.

ethylene-vinyl acetate n
éthylène-acétate de vinyle
The copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate

ethylhexyl ethylhexyls n
éthylhexyle

ethyne ethynes n
éthyne
(organic compound, official IUPAC name) The organic compound acetylene. The simplest alkyne, a colorless gaseous (at room temperature and pressure) hydrocarbon with the chemical formula TemplateParserError:LuaError or TemplateParserError:LuaError.

etilefrine n
étiléfrine
(pharmaceutical drug) A cardiac stimulant used as an antihypotensive.

etiological /ˌiːtɪəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more etiological most etiological adj
étiologique

etiquette /ˈɛt.ɪ.kɪt/ /ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/ etiquettes n
étiquette
The manners or decent behaviour to be observed in social or professional life; conventional decorum; the ceremonial code of polite society.
The customary behavior of members of a profession, business, law, or sports team towards each other.

etymological /ˌɛt.ɪ.məˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ more etymological most etymological adj
étymologique
(not, _, comparable) Of or relating to etymology.

etymologically more etymologically most etymologically adv
étymologiquement
Based on or belonging to etymology.

etymologist etymologists n
étymologiste
A lexicographer or linguist who specializes in etymology (the origins of words)

etymologize v
étymologiser
(linguistics, ambitransitive) To find or provide the etymology for a word.

etymology /ˌet.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌɛt.ɪˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ [ˌeɾ.əˈmɔl.ə.d͡ʒi] [ˌɛɾ.əˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒi] etymologies n
étymologie
(countable) An account of the origin and historical development of a word as presented in a dictionary or the like.

etymon /ˈɛt.ə.mɑn/ /ˈɛt.ə.mɒn/ /ˈɛt.ɪ.mɒn/ etyma etymons n
étymon
(linguistics, philology) The original or earlier form of an inherited or borrowed word, affix, or morpheme either from an earlier period in a language's development, from an ancestral language, or from a foreign language.

eubiosis n
eubiose
microbial balance within the body

eucalyptus /ˌjuːkəˈlɪptəs/ eucalypti eucalyptuses n
eucalyptus eucalypte
Any of many trees, of genus Eucalyptus, native mainly to Australia.

eucatastrophe /ˌjukəˈtæstɹəfi/ /ˌjuːkəˈtæstɹəfi/ eucatastrophes n
eucatastrophe
(narratology) A catastrophe (dramatic event leading to plot resolution) that results in the protagonist's well-being. [from 1944]

eucharistic more eucharistic most eucharistic adj
eucharistique
(Christianity) Pertaining to the Eucharist.

euchologion /juːkə(ʊ)ˈləʊdʒɪən/ euchologia euchologions n
eucologe
A book of prayers or religious ritual.

eudiometer eudiometers n
eudiomètre
A graduated glass tube, closed at one end, that is used for measuring the change in the volume of gases during a chemical reaction.

euergetism euergetisms n
évergétisme
(historical) the practice of élite in Greek and Roman cities of distributing a part of their wealth to the community; public benefaction

euergetist euergetists n
évergète
one who practices euergetism

eugenics /juːˈd͡ʒɛnɪks/ n
eugénisme
(sociology, biology) A social philosophy or practice which advocates the improvement of human hereditary qualities through selective breeding, either by encouraging people with good genetic qualities to reproduce (positive eugenics), or discouraging people with bad genetic qualities from reproducing (negative eugenics), or by technological means.

euhemerism /juˈhiməˌrɪzəm/ /juːˈhiːmərɪzm/ /juːˈhiːmərɪzəm/ euhemerisms n
évhémérisme
(uncountable) The belief that legends and mythology arise from exaggerated descriptions of historical people and events.

euhemerize /juˌhiməˈraɪz/ /juːˌhiːməˈraɪz/ v
évhémériser
(ambitransitive, pejorative) To invent a plausible but fanciful historical origin for something in order to explain away mythology and legends.

eukaryote /juˈkæɹi.oʊt/ /juˈkæɹi.ɒt/ /juˈkæɹi.ət/ /juˈkɛəɹi.oʊt/ /juːˈkæɹi.əʊt/ eukarya eukaryotes n
eucaryote
(cytology) Any of the single-celled or multicellular organisms of the taxonomic domain Eukaryota, whose cells contain at least one distinct nucleus.

eukaryotic adj
eucaryote
(biology) Having complex cells in which the genetic material is organized into membrane-bound nuclei.

eulogistic more eulogistic most eulogistic adj
dithyrambique élogieux
Conveying praise or admiration, as in a eulogy.

eulogy /ˈju.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈjuː.lə.d͡ʒi/ eulogies n
éloge
An oration to honor a deceased person, usually at a funeral.

eumetazoan eumetazoans n
eumétazoaire
(zoology) Any animal of the subkingdom Eumetazoa (all animals except sponges)

eumolpic adj
eumolpique

eunuch /ˈjuː.nək/ eunuchs n
eunuque castrat
A castrated human male.
eunuque
Such a man employed as harem guard or in certain (mainly Eastern) monarchies (e.g. late Roman and Chinese Empires) as court or state officials.

euphemism /ˈjuː.fəˌmɪz.əm/ euphemisms n
euphémisme
(uncountable) The use of a word or phrase to replace another with one that is considered less offensive, blunt or vulgar than the word or phrase which it replaces.

euphemistic more euphemistic most euphemistic adj
euphémique
Of or pertaining to euphemism.

euphemistically more euphemistically most euphemistically adv
euphémiquement
In a euphemistic manner.

euphonic more euphonic most euphonic adj
euphonique
Characterized by euphony; harmonious.

euphonically adv
euphoniquement
in a euphonic manner

euphonious /juˈfoʊ.ni.əs/ /juːˈfəʊ.nɪ.əs/ more euphonious most euphonious adj
euphonique
Of sounds, especially speech: demonstrating or possessing euphony; agreeable to the ear; pleasant-sounding.

euphony /ˈjuːfəni/ euphonies n
euphonie

euphoria /juːˈfɔːɹi.ə/ euphorias n
euphorie frite pêche
An excited state of joy; a feeling of intense happiness.

euphoric /juːˈfɒɹɪk/ more euphoric most euphoric adj
euphorique
Feeling great well-being or elation or intense happiness; characterized by euphoria

euphotic adj
euphotique
Describing that part of the near-surface ocean in which photosynthesis is possible

euphuism euphuisms n
euphuisme
(uncountable) An ornate style of writing (in Elizabethan England) marked by the excessive use of alliteration, antithesis and mythological similes.

eureka /jəˈɹiː.kə/ /jʊˈɹiː.kə/ interjection
eurêka
An exclamation indicating sudden discovery.

euro /ˈjɝoʊ/ /ˈjʊəɹəʊ/ /ˈjʊɹoʊ/ euro euros n
euro
The currency unit of the European Monetary Union. Symbol: €
A coin with a face value of one euro.

euro coin euro coins n
monnaie en euro
any of the eight different coins that are in circulation in the eurozone, ranging in value from 1 cent to 2 euros. The 1 euro coin can also be specifically referred to as a euro coin.

europium /jʊəˈɹoʊ.pi.əm/ n
europium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Eu) with an atomic number of 63.

euryoecious adj
euryèce

euryxenous adj
euryxène

eusocial adj
eusocial
(biology) Of or pertaining to certain social animals' societies (such as those of ants) in which sterile individuals work for reproductive individuals whose genetic endowment they share

eusociality n
eusocialité
(biology) Reproductive specialization, in which most individuals of a species are genetically infertile; the state of being eusocial.

eusocially more eusocially most eusocially adv
eusocialement
(biology) In a eusocial fashion.

eustasy /ˈjustəsi/ /ˈjuːstəsi/ eustasies n
eustatisme
(geology, oceanography) A worldwide change in sea level, especially one caused by melting ice or tectonic activity. [from 1940s]

euthanasia /juː.θəˈneɪ.zɪ.ə/ /juːθəˈneɪʒə/ euthanasias n
euthanasie
The practice of intentionally killing a human being or animal for humane reasons, especially in order to end suffering.

euthanasist euthanasists n
euthanasiste
Someone who performs euthanasia.

euthanize /ˈjuː.θən.ˌaɪz/ v
euthanasier faire euthanasier
(transitive) To carry out euthanasia on (a person or animal).

eutrophication eutrophications n
eutrophisation
(biology) The process of becoming eutrophic; the ecosystem's response to the addition of artificial or natural nutrients, mainly phosphates, through detergents, fertilizers, or sewage, to an aquatic system.

evacuate /ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/ v
évacuer
To make empty; to empty out; to remove the contents of, including to create a vacuum.
To remove; to eject; to void; to discharge, as the contents of a vessel, or of the bowels.

evacuation /ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/ evacuations n
évacuation
The act of evacuating; leaving a place in an orderly fashion, especially for safety.
Withdrawal of troops or civils from a town, country, fortress, etc.
The act of emptying, clearing of the contents, or discharging, including creating a vacuum.

evade /ɪˈveɪd/ v
esquiver s'évader
(transitive) To get away from by cunning; to avoid by using dexterity, subterfuge, address, or ingenuity; to cleverly escape from
s'évader
(transitive) To escape; to slip away; — sometimes with from.

evaluate /ɨˈvaljʊeɪt/ /ɪ̈ˈvaljəˌweɪt/ v
évaluer
(transitive) To draw conclusions from examining; to assess.

evaluation /ɪˌvæljuˈeɪʃən/ evaluations n
évaluation
An assessment, such as an annual personnel performance review used as the basis for a salary increase or bonus, or a summary of a particular situation.

evanescent /iːvə-/ /ɛvəˈnɛs(ə)nt/ /ˌɛvəˈnɛsənt/ more evanescent most evanescent adj
évanescent
Disappearing, vanishing.

evangelical /iːvænˈd͡ʒɛlɪkəl/ more evangelical most evangelical adj
évangélique
Pertaining to the doctrines or teachings of the Christian gospel or Christianity in general.

evangelically more evangelically most evangelically adv
évangéliquement
In an evangelical manner, concerning evangelism.

evangelist /ɪˈvænd͡ʒəlɪst/ evangelists n
évangéliste
(Christianity) An itinerant or special preacher, especially a revivalist, who conducts services in different cities or locations, now often televised.
(Bible) A writer of a gospel, especially the four New Testament Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), usually capitalized (Evangelist).

evangelistary evangelistaries n
évangéliaire
(Christianity) A book containing selections from the Gospels, read during worship services.

evangelization evangelizations n
évangélisation
The act of evangelizing; the state of being evangelized.

evangelize /ɪˈvænd͡ʒəlaɪz/ v
évangéliser
To tell people about (a particular branch of) Christianity, especially in order to convert them; to preach the gospel to.

evaporate /ɪˈvæpəɹeɪt/ v
évaporer
(ambitransitive) to transition from a liquid state into a gaseous state

evaporated milk evaporated milks n
lait concentré lait évaporé
Milk that has been concentrated by evaporation, often sold canned.

evaporation evaporations n
évaporation
The process of a liquid converting to the gaseous state.

evasion /ɪˈveɪʒən/ evasions n
esquive évasion
The act of eluding or evading or avoiding, particularly the pressure of an argument, accusation, charge, or interrogation; artful means of eluding.

evasive /ɪˈveɪsɪv/ more evasive most evasive adj
évasif évasive
Tending to avoid speaking openly or making revelations about oneself.

eve /iːv/ eves n
veille
The day or night before, usually used for holidays, such as Christmas Eve.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ more even most even adj
rond
plat
Flat and level.
monotone uniforme
Without great variation.
régulier uniforme
Equal in proportion, quantity, size, etc.
pair paire
(not comparable, of an integer) Divisible by two.
quitte
(colloquial) On equal terms of a moral sort; quits.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ adv
complètement exactement
(archaic) Exactly, just, fully.
même voire
In reality; implying an extreme example in the case mentioned, as compared to the implied reality.
encore même
Emphasizing a comparative.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ evens n
veillée veillée du soir
(archaic, or, poetic) Evening.

even /ˈivn̩/ /ˈivən/ /ˈiːvən/ v
aplatir niveler égaliser
(transitive, obsolete) To place in an equal state, as to obligation, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side; to balance, as accounts; to make quits.

even Homer nods proverb
cela arrive même aux meilleurs il n'y a si bon cheval qui ne bronche l'erreur est humaine tout le monde peut se tromper
Not even the most vigilant and expert are immune to error.

even function even functions n
fonction paire
(mathematics) Any function whose value is unchanged if the independent variable changes sign i.e. f(x) = f(-x)

even if conjunction
même si
Regardless of whether; irrespective of (something happening or being the case).

even number even numbers n
nombre pair
A positive integer that can be divided by two, and two itself.

even so adv
quand même
In spite of preceding a remark (or fact) within a given discourse.

even though conjunction
bien que quoique alors même que quand bien même
Although; though; despite or in spite of the fact that.

evening /ˈivnɪŋ/ /ˈiːvnɪŋ/ evenings n
soir crépuscule
The time of the day between the approximate time of midwinter dusk and midnight (compare afternoon); the period after the end of regular office working hours.

evening class evening classes n
cours du soir

evening dress evening dresses n
robe de soirée
(countable) An elegant dress worn by women, especially for social events in the evening, an evening gown.

evening star pn
étoile du soir
(astronomy) The planet Venus as seen in the western sky in the evening.

evenly /ˈiːvənli/ more evenly most evenly adv
uniformément
So as to form a flat surface.
également équitablement
In a fair manner of distribution, giving the same amount or number to each; equally.

event /əˈvɛnt/ /ɪˈvɛnt/ events n
événement évènement
An occurrence; something that happens.
évènement événement
(physics) A point in spacetime having three spatial coordinates and one temporal coordinate.
(computing) A possible action that the user can perform that is monitored by an application or the operating system (event listener). When an event occurs an event handler is called which performs a specific task.
(probability theory) A set of some of the possible outcomes; a subset of the sample space.
accident
(medicine) An episode of severe health conditions.

event horizon /-zɪn/ /əˈvɛnt həˈɹaɪ.zən/ [-zɪn] [əˈvɛn -] [əˈvɛɾ̃ həˈɹaɪ.zən] event horizons n
horizon des événements
(astrophysics) The gravitational sphere of a black hole within which the escape velocity is greater than the speed of light.

event-driven more event-driven most event-driven adj
orienté événements

eventful more eventful most eventful adj
mouvementé
Of or pertaining to high levels of activity; having many memorable events.

eventing eventings n
concours complet
An equestrian event which comprises dressage, cross-country, and showjumping; a similar event using motor cars

eventuality /ɪˌvɛntjuˈælɪti/ /ɪˌvɛnt͡ʃuˈælɪti/ eventualities n
éventualité
A possible event; something that may happen. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

eventually /ɪ.ˈvɛn.tjʊ.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃu.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃuː.ə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə.li/ /ɪ.ˈvɛn.t͡ʃʊ.li/ adv
finalement à la fin finir par à terme
In the end; at some later time, especially after a long time, a series of problems, struggles, delays or setbacks.

ever /ˈɛvə/ /ˈɛvɚ/ adv
toujours
Always, frequently, forever.
jamais
At any time.

ever since adv
depuis lors
(duration) Continuously since a specified time or event.

ever since conjunction
depuis que
Continuously since a specified time or event.

evergreen /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/ /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/ adj
sempervirent à feuilles persistantes
Of plants, especially trees, that do not shed their leaves seasonally.

evergreen /ˈɛvəɡɹiːn/ /ˈɛvɚɡɹin/ evergreens n
arbre à feuillage persistant arbre à feuilles persistantes
A shrub or tree that does not shed its leaves or needles seasonally.

everlasting /ˌɛvəˈlɑːstɪŋ/ /ˌɛvɚˈlæstɪŋ/ more everlasting most everlasting adj
éternel permanent
Lasting or enduring forever; existing or continuing without end

evermore /ˌɛvəˈmoə/ /ˌɛvəˈmɔː/ /ˌɛvɚˈmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌɛvɚˈmɔɹ/ adv
toujours
Always; forever; eternally.

evert /iˈvɝt/ /ə-/ /ɪˈvɜːt/ v
retourner
(transitive, obsolete, also, figuratively) To turn upside down; to overturn.

every /ˈɛv.(ə.)ɹi/ determiner
chaque tout
All of a countable group (considered individually), without exception.

every cloud has a silver lining proverb
à quelque chose malheur est bon après la pluie, le beau temps d'un grand mal sort un grand bien d'un grand mal sourd un grand bien il n'y a de grand mal qu'un grand bien ne suive un mal pour un bien
There is something good in any bad situation.

every dog has its day proverb
à chacun son heure de gloire à chacun vient sa chance
Everyone, at some point, experiences some degree of success, impact, or influence in life.

every little helps proverb
les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières
(UK) Even the smallest things are helpful when towards a goal.

every man for himself /ˈɛv.(ə.)ɹi mæn fɔː(ɹ) hɪm.ˈsɛlf/ phraseologicalUnit
chacun pour soi sauve qui peut
An expression of indifference, that a person should forget about comradeship and save her/himself.

every man is the architect of his own fortune proverb
chacun est l'artisan de sa fortune
Each person is the chief cause of their success or failure in life.

every second adj
un sur deux une sur deux
Every other/two; each alternate.

every silver lining has a cloud proverb
toute médaille a son revers
Every good situation has the potential to turn bad.

every so often adv
de temps en temps
Occasionally; intermittently; irregularly; now and then; once in a while.

every time adv
chaque fois que à chaque fois que
At each occasion that.

everybody /ˈɛvɹibədi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbɑdi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbɒdi/ /ˈɛvɹiˌbʌdi/ /ˈɛɹbʌdi/ pronoun
tout le monde chacun tous
All people.

everyday /ˈɛvɹiˌdeɪ/ adj
usuel
Commonplace, ordinary.

everyday life everyday lives n
quotidien vie de tous les jours vie quotidienne
(This entry is a translation hub.)

everyone /ˈɛv.ɹi.wʌn/ pronoun
tout le monde chacun tous
Every person.

everything /ˈɛvɹiθɪŋ/ pronoun
tout
(literally) All the things under discussion.

everywhere /ɛv.ɹi.(h)weə(ɹ)/ /ɛv.ɹi.(h)wɛɹ/ adv
partout à tous les coins de rue
In or to all locations under discussion.

everywhere else adv
partout ailleurs
(set phrase) In all other places.

evict v
évincer
(transitive) To expel (one or more people) from their property; to force (one or more people) to move out.

eviction evictions n
expulsion éviction
The act of evicting.

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ə.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/ [ˈɛv.ə.ɾəns] [ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾəns] evidences n
preuve
Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion.
(legal) Anything admitted by a court to prove or disprove alleged matters of fact in a trial.

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ə.dəns/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/ [ˈɛv.ə.ɾəns] [ˈɛv.ɪ.ɾəns] v
démontrer prouver
(transitive) To provide evidence for, or suggest the truth of.

evident /ˈɛv.ə.dənt/ /ˈɛv.ɪ.dənt/ more evident most evident adj
évident
Obviously true by simple observation.

evidently /ˈɛvɪdəntli/ more evidently most evidently adv
évidemment de toute évidence manifestement
In a manner which makes the fact or conclusion evident; obviously; as may be clearly inferred. [from 17th c.]

evil /ˈivl̩/ /ˈiːvl̩/ /ˈiːvɪl/ eviler evilest eviller evillest more evil most evil adj
mauvais méchant maléfique
Intending to harm; malevolent.
malfaisant
Morally corrupt.

evil /ˈivl̩/ /ˈiːvl̩/ /ˈiːvɪl/ evils n
mal
Moral badness; wickedness; malevolence; the forces or behaviors that are the opposite or enemy of good.

evil eye /ˌiv(ə)l̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvl̩‿ˈaɪ/ /ˌiːvɪl-/ evil eyes n
mauvais œil
A wicked look conveying dislike or envy that in many cultures is believed to be able to cause bad luck or injury; also, the ability to cause bad luck or injury through such a look, supposed to be possessed by some people.

evil genius evil genii evil geniuses n
génie du mal
An intellectually brilliant person who excells at using his or her mental abilities for negative or harmful ends; especially a criminal mastermind .

evil laugh evil laughs n
rire de méchant rire diabolique rire sardonique
A signature laugh associated with villains in films and acting, sometimes represented by muahahaha or bwahaha.

evil twin /ˈivl̩ twɪn/ /ˈiːvl̩ twɪn/ /ˈiːvɪl twɪn/ evil twins n
double maléfique
(idiomatic) A duplicate or counterpart that acts in a contrary, nefarious, or insidious manner.

evildoer /ˈivəlˌduːɚ/ /ˈiːvəlˌduːə/ evildoers n
malfaiteur malfaitrice méchant méchante
A person who performs evil acts.

evince /iˈvɪns/ /ɛˈvɪns/ /ɪˈvɪns/ v
montrer prouver
(transitive) To show or demonstrate clearly; to manifest.

eviscerate /ɪˈvɪsəˌɹeɪt/ v
éviscérer
(transitive) To disembowel; to remove the viscera.

evisceration eviscerations n
étriper ôter les tripes
A disemboweling; the removal of viscera.
démolir verballement éreinter quelque chose
(figurative, by extension) A vigorous verbal or physical assault.

evitable /-ɾə-/ /ˈɛvɪtəb(ə)l/ more evitable most evitable adj
évitable
(uncommon) Possible to avoid; avertible. [from early 16th c.]

evocation evocations n
évocation
The act of calling out or forth, or evoking.

evocative more evocative most evocative adj
évocateur
That which evokes (brings to mind) a memory, mood, idea, feeling, or image; redolent or reminiscent.

evoke /ɪˈvoʊk/ /ɪˈvəʊk/ v
évoquer remémorer
To cause the manifestation of something (emotion, picture, etc.) in someone's mind or imagination.

evolution /ɛvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ɛvəˈlʉːʃən/ /ˌivə-/ /ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɛvəˈluʃ(ə)n/ evolutions n
évolution
(geometry) The opening out of a curve; now more generally, the gradual transformation of a curve by a change of the conditions generating it. [from 17th c.]
(biology) The transformation of animals, plants and other living things into different forms (now understood as a change in genetic composition) by the accumulation of changes over successive generations. [from 19th c.]

evolutional adj
évolutionnel
Of or pertaining to evolution, or coming about as a result of the principles of evolution.

evolutionarily stable strategy evolutionarily stable strategies n
stratégie évolutivement stable

evolutionary /ˌiː.və.ˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/ /ˌɛv.əˈluː.ʃən.ɛɹ.i/ adj
évolutionnaire évolutif
Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution.

evolutionary biology n
biologie de l’évolution biologie évolutive
(evolutionary theory) A subfield of biology concerned with the origin and descent of species and as their evolution, multiplication and diversity over time.

evolutionary developmental biology n
biologie évolutive du développement
(biology) A branch of biology that studies the interaction of evolutionary and developmental processes.

evolutionary theory evolutionary theories n
théorie de l'évolution
(biology) A theory of evolution, especially the scientific theory of evolution through natural selection.

evolutionist evolutionists n
évolutionniste
A proponent or supporter of evolutionism.

evolutionistic more evolutionistic most evolutionistic adj
évolutionniste
Of or pertaining to evolutionism.

evolve /ɪˈvɑlv/ /ɪˈvɒlv/ v
élaborer
To cause (something) to come into being or develop.
évoluer progresser
To move (something) in regular procession through a system.
To move in regular procession through a system.

ew /(iː)uː/ [ɪ̃(ː)ʉ̃͡u] [ɯ᷈(ː)] [ʏʊ̯(ː)] interjection
beurk
Expression of disgust or nausea.

ewe /joʊ̯/ /joː/ /juː/ /jʊ̯u/ ewes n
brebis
A female sheep, as opposed to a ram.

ewer /ˈju.ɚ/ /ˈjuː.ə/ /ˈjʊə/ ewers n
aiguière broc cruche pichet
A kind of widemouthed pitcher or jug with a shape like a vase and a handle.

ex /ˈɛks/ exes n
ixe
The name of the Latin-script letter X.
ex
(colloquial) A former partner or spouse, usually short for ex-girlfriend, ex-boyfriend, ex-wife or ex-husband.

ex gratia adv
à titre gracieux

ex libris ex libris n
ex-libris
A bookplate that identifies the owner of the book into which it is pasted.

ex- /ɛks/ /ɛɡz/ /ɪks/ /ɪɡz/ prefix
ex-
former

ex-husband ex-husbands n
ex-mari
A former husband.

ex-lesbian ex-lesbians n
ex-lesbienne

ex-slave ex-slaves n
ancien esclave
A former or emancipated slave.

ex-wife ex-wives n
ex-femme
A former wife.

exa- prefix
exa-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1018 (a short scale quintillion or long scale trillion). Symbol: E

exacerbate /ɪkˈsæs-/ /ɪɡˈzæsəˌbeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪt/ v
empirer exacerber agraver
(transitive) To make worse (a problem, bad situation, negative feeling, etc.); aggravate.

exact /ɪɡˈzækt/ exacter exactest more exact most exact adj
exact précis
Precisely agreeing with a standard, a fact, or the truth; perfectly conforming; neither exceeding nor falling short in any respect.

exact /ɪɡˈzækt/ v
exiger
(ambitransitive) To demand and enforce the payment or performance of, sometimes in a forcible or imperious way.

exact science exact sciences n
science dure science exacte
(sciences, narrowly) A mathematical science, i.e. a field of science such as mathematics or mathematical physics which is capable of perfectly exact results based on rigorously formal methods.

exacting /ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/ more exacting most exacting adj
exigeant
Making great demands; difficult to satisfy.

exactitude /ɪɡˈzæktɪt(j)uːd/ exactitudes n
exactitude
Attention to small details; accuracy.

exactly /ɪɡˈzæk(t)li/ more exactly most exactly adv
exactement
(manner) Without approximation; precisely.

exactness exactnesses n
exactitude
The state of being exact.

exaggerate /ɛɡˈzæ.d͡ʒə.ɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzæ.d͡ʒə.ɹeɪt/ v
exagérer outrer
To overstate, to describe more than is fact.

exaggeration /ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/ exaggerations n
exagération
The act of exaggerating; the act of doing or representing in an excessive manner; a going beyond the bounds of truth, reason, or justice; a hyperbolical representation; hyperbole; overstatement.

exam paper exam papers n
copie sujet
A piece of paper on which the questions or tasks of an examination are written.

examination /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃən/ examinations n
examen
The act of examining.
Particularly, an inspection by a medical professional to establish the extent and nature of any sickness or injury.
(education) A formal test involving answering written or oral questions under a time constraint and usually without access to textbooks; typically, a large, written test administered to high school and college students covering course material studied in a semester.

examination of conscience examinations of conscience n
examen de conscience

examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ v
examiner
to observe or inspect carefully or critically
to check the health or condition of something or someone
to determine the aptitude, skills or qualifications of someone by subjecting them to an examination

examiner /əɡˈzæmɪnɚ/ examiners n
examinateur examinatrice
A person who investigates someone or something.

example /əɡˈzaːm.pəl/ /əɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzæm.pəl/ /ɪɡˈzɑːm.pəl/ [ɘɡˈzɐːmpɯ] [ɪɡˈzɛəmpəɫ] examples n
exemple
Something that is representative of all such things in a group.
Something that serves as a pattern of behaviour to be imitated (a good example) or not to be imitated (a bad example).
A person punished as a warning to others.
A parallel or closely similar case, especially when serving as a precedent or model.
An instance (as a problem to be solved) serving to illustrate the rule or precept or to act as an exercise in the application of the rule.

exanimate /ɪɡˈzænɪmeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzænɪmɪt/ more exanimate most exanimate adj
mort sans vie
Lifeless, not or no longer living, dead.
découragé déprimé
Spiritless, dispirited, disheartened, not lively.

exarch /ˈɛksɑɹk/ /ˈɛksɑːk/ exarchs n
exarque

exarchate exarchates n
exarchat

exasperate /ɪɡˈzæsp(ə)ɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɑːspəɹeɪt/ v
exaspérer
(transitive) To tax the patience of; irk, frustrate, vex, provoke, annoy; to make angry.

exasperation exasperations n
exaspération
The act of exasperating or the state of being exasperated; irritation; keen or bitter anger.

excardinate v
excardiner

excavate /ˈɛk.skə.veɪt/ v
excaver
(transitive) To make a hole in (something); to hollow.
(transitive) To remove part of (something) by scooping or digging it out.

excavation excavations n
fouille
(countable) Something uncovered by archaeological excavation.

excavator /ˈɛkskəˌveɪtə/ /ˈɛkskəˌveɪtɚ/ excavators n
pelleteuse pelle hydraulique excavateur excavatrice pelle mécanique hydraulique
A vehicle, often on tracks, used to dig ditches etc.Excavator

exceed /ɪkˈsiːd/ v
excéder
(transitive) To be larger, greater than (something).
excéder dépasser
(transitive) To go beyond (some limit); to surpass; to be longer than.

exceedingly /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/ adv
extrêmement énormément
To a great or unusual degree, extent, etc.; extremely

excel /ɪkˈsɛl/ v
dépasser
(transitive) To surpass someone or something; to be better or do better than someone or something.
dépasser briller
(intransitive) To be much better than others.

excellence /ˈɛksələns/ excellences n
excellence
The quality of being excellent; brilliance

excellent /ˈɛkslənt/ /ˈɛksələnt/ /ˈɛksɪlənt/ excellenter excellentest more excellent most excellent adj
excellent
Of higher or the highest quality; splendid.

excellently more excellently most excellently adv
excellemment
In a manner that demonstrates excellence; very well.

excelsior /ɛkˈsɛl.si.ɔː/ /ɛkˈsɛl.si.ɚ/ /ɪk-/ n
diamant
(US, _, printing, dated) The size of type between Norse and brilliant, standardized as 3-point.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ conjunction
si ce n'est
With the exception (that); used to introduce a clause, phrase or adverb forming an exception or qualification to something previously stated.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ preposition
excepté hormis sauf à l'exception de
with the exception of; but.

except /əkˈsɛpt/ /ɛkˈsɛpt/ /ɪkˈsɛpt/ v
excepter faire une exception
(transitive) To exclude; to specify as being an exception.
excepter faire une exception objecter protester s'élever
(intransitive) To take exception, to object (to or against).

exception /əkˈsɛpʃən/ /ɪkˈsɛpʃən/ exceptions n
exception
The act of excepting or excluding; exclusion; restriction by taking out something which would otherwise be included, as in a class, statement, rule.
That which is excluded from others; a person, thing, or case, specified as distinct, or not included.
(programming) An interruption in normal processing, typically caused by an error condition, that can be raised ("thrown") by one part of the program and handled ("caught") by another part.

exception that proves the rule exceptions that prove rules exceptions that prove the rule n
l'exception confirme la regle
exception qui confirme la règle
The rare occurrence of a counterexample to a rule, used to demonstrate that the rule exists.

exceptional /ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/ more exceptional most exceptional adj
exceptionnel
Forming an exception; not ordinary; uncommon; rare.
Better than the average; superior due to exception or rarity.

exceptionalism exceptionalisms n
exceptionnalisme
The belief that something (a nation, species etc.) is exceptional, superior, or does not conform to an established norm.

exceptionality exceptionalities n
exceptionnalité
(uncountable) The quality of being exceptional.

exceptionally more exceptionally most exceptionally adv
exceptionnellement par exception
To an unusual, remarkable or exceptional degree.

excerpt /ɛkˈsɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ɛɡˈzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛksɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛɡzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ excerpts n
extrait passage
A clip, snippet, passage or extract from a larger work such as a news article, a film, or a literary composition.

excerpt /ɛkˈsɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ɛɡˈzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛksɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ /ˈɛɡzɜ(ɹ)(p)t/ v
extraire
(transitive) To select or copy sample material (excerpts) from a work.

excess /əkˈsɛs/ /ɛkˈsɛs/ /ɪk.ˈsɛs/ /ˈɛksɛs/ adj
en excès en trop
More than is normal, necessary or specified.

excess /əkˈsɛs/ /ɛkˈsɛs/ /ɪk.ˈsɛs/ /ˈɛksɛs/ excesses n
excès
The state of surpassing or going beyond a limit; the state of being beyond sufficiency, necessity, or duty; more than what is usual or proper.
The degree or amount by which one thing or number exceeds another; remainder.
(geometry) Spherical excess, the amount by which the sum of the three angles of a spherical triangle exceeds two right angles. The spherical excess is proportional to the area of the triangle.
franchise
(British, insurance) A condition on an insurance policy by which the insured pays for a part of the claim.

excess /əkˈsɛs/ /ɛkˈsɛs/ /ɪk.ˈsɛs/ /ˈɛksɛs/ v
excessif
(US, transitive) To declare (an employee) surplus to requirements, such that he or she might not be given work.

excessive /ɪkˈsɛsɪv/ more excessive most excessive adj
excessif
Exceeding the usual bounds of something; extravagant; immoderate.

excessively /ɪkˈsɛsɪvli/ more excessively most excessively adv
excessivement beaucoup trop bien trop
To an excessive degree.
excessivement de trop
In excess.

exchange /ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ [ɛkˈst͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ] exchanges n
échange troc
An act of exchanging or trading.
bourse
A place for conducting trading.

exchange /ɛksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ɪksˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ [ɛkˈst͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ] v
échanger troquer
(transitive) To trade or barter.
échanger
(transitive) To replace with, as a substitute.

exchange of fire n
échange de tirs

exchange rate exchange rates n
taux de change
(economics, finance) The rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another, usually expressed as the value of the one in terms of the other.

exchange student exchange students n
étudiant d'échange étudiante d'échange
A student who is participating in a student exchange scheme.

excipient excipients n
excipient
(pharmacy, pharmacology) An ingredient that is intentionally added to a drug for purposes other than the therapeutic or diagnostic effect at the intended dosage.

excircle excircles n
cercle exinscrit
(geometry) An escribed circle; a circle outside a polygon (especially a triangle, but also sometimes a quadrilateral) that is tangent to each of the lines on which the sides of the polygon lie.

excise tax excise taxes n
accise droit d'accise
Any of various taxes levied on the production or sale of certain goods, especially on luxuries, tobacco, alcohol etc.

exciseman excisemen n
accisien
An officer employed to collect excise duty (excise tax), and to enforce excise laws.

excitable more excitable most excitable adj
excitable
Easily excited

excitation /ˌɛksaɪˈteɪʃən/ excitations n
excitation
The act of producing excitement (stimulation); also, the excitement produced.

excite /ɪkˈsaɪt/ v
exciter
(transitive) To stir the emotions of.
(transitive) To arouse or bring out (e.g. feelings); to stimulate.
(transitive, physics) To cause an electron to move to a higher than normal state; to promote an electron to an outer level.

excited /ɪkˈsaɪtɪd/ more excited most excited adj
excité enthousiasmé
Having great enthusiasm, passion and energy.
excité
(physics) Being in a state of higher energy.

excitedly more excitedly most excitedly adv
excité excitée excitées excités

excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/ excitements n
excitation
(uncountable) the state of being excited (emotionally aroused).

exciting /ɛkˈsʌɪtɪŋ/ /ɪkˈsʌɪtɪŋ/ more exciting most exciting adj
excitant
creating or producing excitement

exciton /ɛkˈsaɪtɒn/ /ɪkˈsaɪtɑn/ /ˈɛksɪtən/ excitons n
exciton
(physics) A bound state of an electron and an electron hole in an insulator or semiconductor

exclaim /ɛkˈskleɪm/ /ɪkˈskleɪm/ v
exclamer s'exclamer
(intransitive) To cry out suddenly, from some strong emotion.

exclamation /ˌɛkskləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ exclamations n
exclamation
A loud calling or crying out, for example as in surprise, pain, grief, joy, anger, etc.
A word expressing outcry; an interjection

exclamation mark /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑɹk/ /ˌɛks.kləˈmeɪ.ʃən ˌmɑːk/ exclamation marks n
point d'exclamation
The punctuation mark “!” (generally used to denote excitement, surprise or shock).

exclave /ˈɛkskleɪv/ exclaves n
exclave
A portion of a country's territory not connected to the main part

exclay /ˈɛkskleɪ/ n
argile expansée
lightweight aggregate made by heating clay

exclude /ɪksˈkluːd/ v
exclure
(transitive) To bar (someone or something) from entering; to keep out.

excluding preposition
à l’exclusion de
to the exclusion of; not including

exclusion /ɪksˈkluːʒən/ exclusions n
exclusion
The act of excluding or shutting out; removal from consideration or taking part. [from 17th c.]

exclusion zone exclusion zones n
zone d'exclusion
A geographic area in which some sanctioning authority prohibits specific activities, see also Restricted Area.

exclusive /ɪkˈsklu.sɪv/ /ɪkˈsklu.zɪv/ more exclusive most exclusive adj
exclusif
(literally) Excluding items or members that do not meet certain conditions.
(figuratively) Referring to a membership organisation, service or product: of high quality and/or renown, for superior members only. A snobbish usage, suggesting that members who do not meet requirements, which may be financial, of social status, religion, skin colour etc., are excluded.

exclusive or exclusive ors n
ou exclusif
(logic, computing) An exclusive disjunction; the result of applying the above-described exclusive or to two or more predicates; contrasted with an inclusive or, which is the result of applying an inclusive or.

exclusive right exclusive rights n
droite exclusive
(legal) The power, granted by the government to persons, to allow or disallow others from taking certain actions (through legal force)

exclusively /ɪkˈskluːsɪvli/ more exclusively most exclusively adv
exclusivement uniquement
(focus) to the exclusion of anything or anyone else; solely or entirely

exclusivity /ˌɛkskluːˈsɪvɪti/ exclusivities n
exclusivité
The quality of being exclusive.

excommunicate /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkeɪt/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjunəkət/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/ /ˌɛkskəˈmjuːnɪkət/ v
bannir
excommunier
(transitive) To officially exclude someone from membership of a church or religious community.

excommunication /ɛkskəmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən/ excommunications n
excommunication
The act of excommunicating, disfellowshipping or ejecting; especially an ecclesiastical censure whereby the person against whom it is pronounced is, for the time, cast out of the communication of the church; exclusion from fellowship in things spiritual.

excoriate /ɪkˈskoʊɹ.iˌeɪt/ /ɪkˈskɔɹ.iˌeɪt/ v
excorier
(transitive) To wear off the skin of; to chafe.
fustiger
(transitive, figuratively) To strongly denounce or censure.

excoriation /ˈɛks.kɔ.ɹi.eɪʃən/ excoriations n
excoriation
The excoriated place, or the state of being excoriated or stripped of the skin; abrasion.

excrement /ˈɛkskɹəmənt/ excrements n
excrément
(now, _, specifically) Human and animal solid waste excreted from the bowels; feces.

excrescence /ɛkˈskɹɛsəns/ /ɪkˈskɹɛsəns/ excrescences n
excroissance excès
Something, usually abnormal, which grows out of something else.

excrete /ɛkˈskɹiːt/ /ɪkˈskɹiːt/ v
excréter
(biology, ambitransitive) To discharge material (including waste products) from a cell, body or system.

excretion excretions n
excrétion
The process of removing or ejecting material that has no further utility, especially from the body; the act of excreting.

excretory adj
excrétoire
Of, or relating to excretion.

excruciate /ɛk.ˈskɹu.ʃi.eɪ̯t/ /ɪk.ˈskɹu.ʃi.eɪ̯t/ v
torturer
(transitive) To inflict intense pain or mental distress on (someone); to torture.

excruciating /ɛkˈskɹuːʃiːeɪtɪŋ/ /ɪkˈskɹuːʃiːeɪtɪŋ/ more excruciating most excruciating adj
atroce insoutenable terrible
Causing great pain or anguish, agonizing

exculpatory /ɛksˈkʌl.pəˌtɔ.ɹi/ /ɪks-/ /ɪksˈkʌl.pə.tə.ɹi/ /ɪksˈkʌl.pə.tɹi/ more exculpatory most exculpatory adj
à décharge
Tending to excuse or clear of wrongdoing.

excursion /ɛks.kɜː(ɹ).ʃən/ /ɛks.kɜː(ɹ).ʒən/ excursions n
excursion randonnée
A brief recreational trip; a journey out of the usual way.

excuse /ɛksˈkjus/ /ɛksˈkjuz/ /ɛksˈkjuːs/ /ɛksˈkjuːz/ /ɪksˈkjus/ /ɪksˈkjuz/ /ɪkˈskjuːs/ /ɪkˈskjuːz/ excuses n
excuse prétexte
(countable, uncountable) Explanation designed to avoid or alleviate guilt or negative judgment; a plea offered in extenuation of a fault.

excuse /ɛksˈkjus/ /ɛksˈkjuz/ /ɛksˈkjuːs/ /ɛksˈkjuːz/ /ɪksˈkjus/ /ɪksˈkjuz/ /ɪkˈskjuːs/ /ɪkˈskjuːz/ v
excuser pardonner
(transitive) To forgive; to pardon.
excuser
(transitive) To allow to leave, or release from any obligation.
excuser justifier
(transitive) To provide an excuse for; to explain, with the aim of alleviating guilt or negative judgement.

excuse me /ɛksˈkjuːz mi/ /ɪksˈkjuːz mi/ phraseologicalUnit
pardon comment hein plaît-il quoi
(North America) Said, as though as a request to repeat information, in order to indicate disbelief or indignation.
pardon
Said as a request for an individual's attention.
pardon excusez-moi excuse-moi
Said as a request to pass somebody.
pardon excuses excusez-moi je m'excuse
Sorry, as an apology.

execrable /ˈɛkskɹəbl/ /ˈɛksəkɹəbl/ /ˈɛksɪkɹəbl/ more execrable most execrable adj
exécrable
Of the poorest quality.

execrate /ˈɛksɪkɹeɪt/ /ˈɛɡzɪkɹeɪt/ v
exécrer
(transitive) to feel loathing for; to abhor

execration /ɛksəˈkɹeɪʃən/ /ɛksɪˈkɹeɪʃən/ execrations n
exécration
An act or instance of cursing; a curse dictated by violent feelings of hatred; an imprecation; an expression of utter detestation.

executable /ˈɛksɪkjuːtəbl/ adj
exécutable
Capable of being executed.

executable /ˈɛksɪkjuːtəbl/ executables n
fichier exécutable
(computing) A file that can be run directly by a computer's hardware or a p-code interpreter with no further processing.

execute /ˈɛksɪˌkjuːt/ v
exécuter mettre à mort
(transitive) To kill, especially as punishment for a capital crime.
exécuter
(transitive, law) To carry out, to perform an act; to put into effect or cause to become legally binding or valid (as a contract) by so doing.
(transitive, computing) To start, launch or run

execution /ˌɛk.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ /ˌɛɡ.zɪˈkjuː.ʃən/ executions n
exécution
The act, manner or style of executing (actions, maneuvers, performances).
The act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated.
(legal) The carrying into effect of a court judgment, or of a will.
(legal) The formal process by which a contract is made valid and put into binding effect.
(computing) The carrying out of an instruction, program or program segment by a computer.

executioner /ˌɛksəˈkjuʃənɚ/ /ˌɛksəˈkjuːʃənə/ executioners n
bourreau bourrelle exécuteur de la haute justice exécuteur des hautes œuvres maître des hautes œuvres
An official person who carries out the capital punishment of a criminal.

executive /ɛɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ more executive most executive adj
exécutif
Designed or fitted for execution, or carrying into effect.

executive /ɛɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɪv/ /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɪv/ executives n
administrateur cadre directeur gestionnaire
A chief officer or administrator, especially one who can make significant decisions on their own authority.
exécutif
The branch of government that is responsible for enforcing laws and judicial decisions, and for the day-to-day administration of the state.

executive branch executive branches n
exécutif pouvoir exécutif
The branch of government that oversees the carrying out of the laws

executive committee executive committees n
comité exécutif
(government, politics, Quebec) the equivalent of the cabinet of ministers for a city government, serving the mayor.

executive order executive orders n
ordonnance
(legal, chiefly, US) An ordinance issued on the authority of the head of the executive branch of government.

executor /ɪɡˈzɛkjʊtɚ/ /ˈɛɡzɪˌkjuːtɚ/ executors n
exécuteur exécutrice
A person who carries out some task.
exécuteur exécuteur testamentaire
(legal) Someone appointed by a testator to administer their estate in accordance with their will; an administrator.

executrix /ɪɡˈzɛkjətɹɪks/ executrices executrixes n
exécutrice
(chiefly, legal, dated) A female executor; a woman appointed to execute a will.

exegesis /ɛksɪˈdʒiːsɪs/ /ɛksɪˈd͡ʒisɪs/ exegeses n
exégèse
A critical explanation or interpretation of a text, especially a religious text.

exegete /ˈɛksɪdʒiːt/ /ˈɛksɪd͡ʒit/ exegetes n
exégète
A person skilled in exegesis; an interpreter of texts, difficult passages, signs, law, the words of an oracle, and similar obscure or esoteric sources.

exegetic more exegetic most exegetic adj
exégétique

exemplar /ɛɡˈzɛm.plɑɹ/ /ɛɡˈzɛm.plə/ /ɪkˈzɛm.plə/ /ɪɡˈzɛm.plɚ/ exemplars n
exemple
A handwritten manuscript used by a scribe to make a handwritten copy; the original copy of what gets multiply reproduced in a copy machine.

exemplarily more exemplarily most exemplarily adv
exemplairement
In an exemplary manner; ideally, admirably.

exemplary /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɛmpləɹi/ more exemplary most exemplary adj
exemplaire
Deserving honour, respect and admiration.
Of such high quality that it should serve as an example to be imitated; ideal, perfect.

exemplification exemplifications n
exemplification
The act of exemplifying; a showing or illustrating by example.

exemplify /ɛɡˈzɛmplɪfaɪ/ /ɪɡˈzɛmplɪfaɪ/ v
exemplifier illustrer
(transitive) To show or illustrate by example.

exemption exemptions n
exemption
An act of exempting.

exercise /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/ exercises n
exercice
(countable) Any activity designed to develop or hone a skill or ability.
(countable, uncountable) Activity intended to improve physical, or sometimes mental, strength and fitness.

exercise /ˈɛk.sə.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚ.saɪz/ v
exercer
To exert for the sake of training or improvement; to practice in order to develop.
(obsolete) To set in action; to cause to act, move, or make exertion; to give employment to.

exercise bicycle exercise bicycles n
vélo stationnaire bicyclette stationnaire vélo d'appartement
A stationary exercise machine with pedals, saddle, handlebars arranged like a bicycle.

exercise book exercise books n
cahier cahier d'exercices
A booklet for students, containing either problems or exercises, and blank, often lined pages for writing answers.

exergue /ɪɡˈzɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ exergues n
exergue
(numismatics) A space beneath the main design on a coin or medal for the insertion of the date or other minor inscription.

exert /ɪɡˈzɜːt/ /ɪɡˈzɝt/ v
exercer
To put in vigorous action.

exertion /əɡˈzɝʃən/ exertions n
effort dépense
An expenditure of physical or mental effort.

exfoliant exfoliants n
exfoliant
An agent or substance used for the process of exfoliation

exfoliation exfoliations n
peeling exfoliation
(cosmetics) The removal of a layer of dead skin, as in cosmetic preparation.

exhale /ɛksˈheɪl/ v
expirer
(intransitive) To expel air from the lungs through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm, to breathe out.

exhaust /ɪɡˈzɑst/ /ɪɡˈzɔst/ /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ exhausts n
échappement
A system consisting of the parts of an engine through which burned gases or steam are discharged; see also exhaust system.
The steam let out of a cylinder after it has done its work there.
gaz d'échappement
Exhaust gas.

exhaust /ɪɡˈzɑst/ /ɪɡˈzɔst/ /ɪɡˈzɔːst/ v
épuiser
(transitive) To empty by drawing or letting out the contents
(transitive, literally, figuratively) To use up; to deplete, drain or expend wholly, or until the supply comes to an end
(transitive) To tire out; to wear out; to cause to be without any energy.

exhaust pipe exhaust pipes n
pot d'échappement silencieux
For internal combustion engines, the pipe that vents waste gases from the engine.

exhausted /ɪɡˈzɑstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔstɪd/ /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ more exhausted most exhausted adj
à bout de forces
épuisé
Very tired; in a state of exhaustion.
Depleted of resources.

exhausting more exhausting most exhausting adj
épuisant exténuant éreintant
Very tiring.

exhaustion /ɪɡˈzɔːs.t͡ʃən/ exhaustions n
épuisement
The point of complete depletion, of the state of being used up.
épuisement harassement
Supreme tiredness; having exhausted energy.

exhaustive /ɛɡˈzɑ.stɪv/ /ɛɡˈzɔː.stɪv/ more exhaustive most exhaustive adj
exhaustif
Including every possible element

exhaustiveness /ɛɡˈzɑ.stɪv.nəs/ /ɛɡˈzɔː.stɪv.nəs/ n
exhaustivité
The state of being exhaustive.

exhibit /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ exhibits n
exposition
A public showing; an exhibition.
pièce à conviction
(legal) An article formally introduced as evidence in a court.

exhibit /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪbɪt/ v
exposer
(transitive) To display or show (something) for others to see, especially at an exhibition or contest.

exhibition /ɛksɪˈbɪʃən/ exhibitions n
exposition
A large-scale public showing of objects or products.

exhibition game exhibition games n
match amical
(sports) A practice game which does not count on a team's record.

exhibitionism exhibitionisms n
exhibitionnisme
The practice or character trait of deliberately drawing attention to oneself.
(pathology) The practice or character trait of deliberately displaying one's genitals, nipples, or buttocks in public.

exhibitionist exhibitionists n
exhibitionniste poseur poseuse
One who attempts to draw attention to themselves by their behaviour.
exhibitionniste
One who exposes their genitalia (or female nipples) in public.

exhilarate /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɪləɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɪləˌɹeɪt/ v
ragaillardir
(transitive) To cheer, to cheer up, to gladden, to make happy.

exhilarating more exhilarating most exhilarating adj
grisant jubilatoire
Refreshingly thrilling.

exhort /ɛɡˈzɔɹt/ /ɛɡˈzɔːt/ /ɪɡˈzɔɹt/ /ɪɡˈzɔːt/ v
exhorter
To urge; to advise earnestly.

exhortation /ˌɛksɔːˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɛɡzɔːˈteɪʃən/ exhortations n
exhortation
The act or practice of exhorting.

exhortative /ɛɡˈzɔːtətɪv/ more exhortative most exhortative adj
exhortatif
(comparable) Appearing to exhort; in an urging manner.

exhumation /ˌɛks.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ exhumations n
exhumation
The act of digging up that which has been buried.

exhume /ɛks.ˈ(h)juːm/ /ɛkˈ.s(j)um/ /ɪɡ.ˈzjuːm/ /ɪɡˈz(j)um/ v
exhumer
(transitive) To dig out of the ground; to take out of a place of burial; to disinter.

exigent /ˈɛk.sɪ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈɛɡ.zɪ.d͡ʒənt/ more exigent most exigent adj
pressant urgent
Urgent; pressing; needing immediate action.
exigeant
Demanding; requiring great effort.

exiguous /ɛɡˈzɪ.ɡju.əs/ /ɪɡˈzɪ.ɡju.əs/ more exiguous most exiguous adj
exigu
scanty; meager

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ exiles n
exil
(uncountable) The state of being banished from one's home or country.
exilé
(countable) Someone who is banished from his home or country.

exile /ɪɡˈzaɪl/ /ˈɛkˌsaɪl/ /ˈɛɡˌzaɪl/ v
exiler
(transitive) To send (someone or something) into exile.

exine exines n
exine
(botany, palynology) the outer layer of a pollen grain or spore; the exosporium.

exinscribed adj
exinscrit

exist /ɛɡˈzɪst/ /ɪɡˈzɪst/ v
exister
(intransitive, stative) to be; have existence; have being or reality

existence /ɛɡˈzɪs.təns/ /ɪɡˈzɪs.təns/ existences n
existence
The state of being, existing, or occurring; beinghood.

existent adj
existant
existing; having life or being, current; occurring now

existential /ˌɛk.sɪs.ˈtɛn.ʃəl/ /ˌɛɡ.zɪs.ˈtɛn.ʃəl/ adj
existentiel
Of or relating to existence.

existential crisis existential crises n
crise existentielle
(existentialism) A state of panic or feeling of intense psychological discomfort about questions of existence.

existential quantifier existential quantifiers n
quantificateur existentiel
(logic) The operator, represented by the symbol ∃, used in predicate calculus to indicate that a predicate is true for at least one member of a specified set. Verbal equivalents include "there exists" and "there is".

existentialism /ˌɛɡzɪˈstɛnʃəlɪzəm/ existentialisms n
existentialisme
(philosophy, countable) The philosophical views of a particular thinker associated with the existentialist movement.

existentialist existentialists n
existentialiste
A person who adheres to the philosophy of existentialism.

existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj
existant
That exists, or has existence, especially that exists now.

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ exits n
sortie
An act of going out or going away, or leaving; a departure.
An opening or passage through which one can go from inside a place (such as a building, a room, or a vehicle) to the outside; an egress.
(road transport) A minor road (such as a ramp or slip road) which is used to leave a major road (such as an expressway, highway, or motorway).
sortie issue
A way out.

exit /ˈɛksət/ /ˈɛksɪt/ /ˈɛɡzət/ /ˈɛɡzɪt/ v
sortir
(intransitive) To go out or go away from a place or situation; to depart, to leave.

exit poll exit polls n
sondage sortie des urnes
A poll taken of a sample of voters as they leave a voting station, used to predict the outcome of an election.

exit strategy exit strategies n
stratégie de sortie
(usually, military, politics, or, business) A well-defined plan for bringing involvement in a mission, activity, or commitment to an acceptable conclusion.

exobiological adj
exobiologique

exobiology exobiologies n
exobiologie
(biology, science fiction) The branch of biology dealing with lifeforms originating a different planet.

exocarp exocarps n
épicarpe
(biology) The outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits; the skin or epicarp

exocentric adj
exocentrique
(grammar, of a phrase or compound) Not having the same part of speech as any of its constituent words.

exodus /ˈɛksədəs/ /ˈɛɡzədəs/ exodi exoduses n
exode
A sudden departure of a large number of people.

exogamous more exogamous most exogamous adj
exogame exogamique
(biology, marriage) Of or relating to exogamy.

exogamy exogamies n
exogamie
marriage to a person belonging to a tribe or group other than one's own as required by custom or law

exogeography n
exo-géographie exogéographie
The study of the physical structure and inhabitants outside the Earth.
The physical structure outside a particular region; terrain.

exolingual adj
exolingue
(linguistics) Pertaining to a series of utterances between two people who do not speak the same language.

exomoon exomoons n
exolune exosatellite lune extrasolaire satellite extrasolaire
(astronomy) A moon that is outside the Solar System (our solar system).

exon /ˈɛksɑn/ exons n
exon
(genetics) A region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional RNA molecule.

exonerate /ɛɡ-/ /ɪɡˈzɑnəˌɹeɪt/ /ɪɡˈzɒnəɹeɪt/ v
exonérer
(transitive, archaic) To relieve (someone or something) of a load; to unburden (a load).
(transitive) To free (someone) from an obligation, responsibility or task.
(transitive) To free (someone) from accusation or blame.

exonym /ˈɛksənɪm/ /ˈɛɡzənɪm/ exonyms n
exonyme exonymie
An external name for a place, people or language used by foreigners instead of the native-language version.

exophthalmos exophthalmoses n
exophtalmie proptose
(pathology) An abnormal protrusion of the eyeball from its socket.

exoplanet exoplanets n
exoplanète
(astronomy, planetology) A planet which exists outside Earth's solar system.

exoplanetology n
exoplanétologie
(astronomy) The search for, and study of, exoplanets

exorbitant /ɛɡˈzoɹbətənt/ /ɛɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/ /ɪɡˈzoɹbətənt/ /ɪɡˈzɔːbɪtənt/ more exorbitant most exorbitant adj
exorbitant
Exceeding proper limits; excessive or unduly high; extravagant.

exorcise /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsaɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɔː.saɪz/ /ˈɛk.sɚˌsaɪz/ v
exorciser
(transitive) To drive out (an evil spirit) from a person, place or thing, especially by an incantation or prayer.

exorcism /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪ.zəm/ /ˈɛk.sɔː.sɪ.zəm/ /ˈɛk.sɚˌsɪ.zəm/ exorcisms n
exorcisme
The ritual act of driving out evil spirits from persons, places or things that are possessed by them.

exorcist /ˈɛk.sɔɹˌsɪst/ /ˈɛk.sɔː.sɪst/ /ˈɛk.sɚˌsɪst/ exorcists n
exorciste
A person, especially a priest or priestess, who is a masterful practitioner in purification and exorcism to force out evil spirits and/or demons from a living being.

exoskeletal adj
exosquelettique
Pertaining to the exoskeleton.

exoskeleton exoskeleta exoskeletons n
exosquelette
(anatomy) A hard outer structure that provides both structure and protection to creatures such as insects and Crustacea.

exosphere exospheres n
exosphère
the uppermost layer of a planet's atmosphere

exostosis exostoses n
exostose
A benign bony growth, often covered with cartilage, on the surface of a bone or tooth.

exoteric /ˌɛksə(ʊ)ˈtɛɹɪk/ /ˌɛksəˈtɛɹɪk/ more exoteric most exoteric adj
exotérique
Of a doctrine, information, etc.: suitable to be imparted to the public without secrecy or other reservations.

exotic /ɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ more exotic most exotic adj
exotique
Non-native to the ecosystem.
(gambling) Being or relating to various wagers, such as the trifecta, that involve betting on the finishing positions of multiple competitors across one or more races.

exotic /ɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ exotics n
exotique
(biology) An organism that is exotic to an environment.

exotic atom exotic atoms n
atome exotique
(physics, chemistry) the equivalent of an atom in which either the nucleus, or an electron, is replaced by some other subatomic particle

exoticism exoticisms n
exotisme
(uncountable) The state of being exotic.

exotoxin exotoxins n
exotoxine
Any toxin secreted by a microorganism into the surrounding environment.

expand /ɛkˈspænd/ v
agrandir
(transitive) To change (something) from a smaller form or size to a larger one; to spread out or lay open.
développer
(transitive, algebra) To rewrite (an expression) as a longer, yet equivalent sum of terms.
(intransitive, algebra, of an expression) To become, by rewriting, a longer, yet equivalent sum of terms.
élaborer
(intransitive) To speak or write at length or in detail.

expandable more expandable most expandable adj
extensible
Having the capacity to be expanded.

expanse /ɛkˈspæns/ /ɪkˈspæns/ expanses n
étendue
A wide stretch, usually of sea, sky, or land.

expansion /ɪkˈspænʃən/ expansions n
expansion
An act, process, or instance of expanding.

expansion card expansion cards n
carte d’extension

expansionism /ɛkˈspænʃənɪzəm/ expansionisms n
expansionnisme
The policy, of a nation, of expanding its territory or its economic influence.

expansive /ɪkˈspænsɪv/ more expansive most expansive adj
expansible
Able to be expanded.

expatiate /ɛkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/ /ɪkˈspeɪʃɪeɪt/ v
appesentir sur quelque chose parler longuement
To write or speak at length; to be copious in argument or discussion.

expatriate /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɛksˈpeɪ.tɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹi.ɪt/ /ɛksˈpætɹɪ.eɪt/ expatriates n
expat
expatrié expatriée
One who lives outside one's own country.

expect /ɛkˈspɛkt/ /ɪkˈspɛkt/ v
attendre
To consider obligatory or required.
attendre prédire s'attendre à
(obsolete, transitive) To wait for; to await.

expectancy expectancies n
attente espérance expectative
Expectation or anticipation; the state of expecting something.
expectative
(law) Future interest as to possession or enjoyment

expectant /ɪkˈspɛktənt/ more expectant most expectant adj
expectatif
Marked by expectation.

expectation /ˌek.spekˈtæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛk.spɛkˈteɪ.ʃən/ expectations n
attente
The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen.
That which is expected or looked for.

expected /ɪkˈspɛk.tɪd/ more expected most expected adj
attendu
Anticipated; thought to be about to arrive or occur

expected value expected values n
espérance mathématique
(probability theory) The weighted average of outcome values, using probability as the weighting function.

expectorate /ɪkˈspɛktəɹeɪt/ v
expectorer
(ambitransitive) To cough up fluid from the lungs.

expectoration expectorations n
expectoration
(physiology) The action of expectorating, of ejecting phlegm or mucus from the throat or lungs by coughing, hawking, or spitting.
(physiology) That which is expectorated, as phlegm or mucus.

expediency /ɛk.ˈspiː.dɪ.ən.si/ expediencies n
convenance efficacité opportunisme
(uncountable) The quality of being fit or suitable to effect some desired end or the purpose intended; suitability for particular circumstance or situation.

expedient /ɪkˈspiːdi.ənt/ more expedient most expedient adj
expédient
Suitable to effect some desired end or the purpose intended.
(obsolete) Expeditious, quick, rapid.

expedient /ɪkˈspiːdi.ənt/ expedients n
expédient
A method or means for achieving a particular result, especially when direct or efficient; a resource.

expedition /ɛkspəˈdɪʃən/ expeditions n
expédition
A trip, especially a long one, made by a person or a group of people for a specific purpose

expel /ɪkˈspɛl/ v
expulser éjecter
To eject or erupt.
expulser
(transitive) To remove from membership.
expulser déporter
(transitive) To deport.

expend /ɛkˈspɛnd/ /ɪkˈspɛnd/ v
dépenser
(transitive) to consume, exhaust (some resource)

expendable /ɪkˈspɛndəbəl/ more expendable most expendable adj
consommable
Able to be expended; not inexhaustible.
jetable
Designed for a single use; not reusable.
facultatif
Not essential or mandatory in order to achieve a goal.
sacrifiable
Regarded as not worth preserving or saving; able to be sacrificed.

expenditure /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɛkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃə/ /ɪkˈspɛndɪt͡ʃɚ/ expenditures n
dépense
(uncountable, countable) Act of expending or paying out.
(uncountable, countable) The amount expended; expense; outlay.

expense /ɪkˈspɛns/ expenses n
dépense
A spending or consuming, often a disbursement of funds.

expensive /ɛkˈspɛnsɪv/ /ɪkˈspɛnsɪv/ more expensive most expensive adj
cher coûteux
Having a high price or cost.

expensiveness /ɛkˈspɛnsɪvnəs/ [-ɪvˌnəs] [-ˈspɪnsɪvˌnəs] [ɪk-] expensivenesses n
cherté
The state of being expensive; the entailing of great expense.

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ experiences n
expérience
The effect upon the judgment or feelings produced by any event, whether witnessed or participated in; personal and direct impressions as contrasted with description or fancies; personal acquaintance; actual enjoyment or suffering.
(countable) An activity one has performed.
(countable) A collection of events and/or activities from which an individual or group may gather knowledge, opinions, and skills.
(uncountable) The knowledge thus gathered.

experience /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪəns/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.əns/ v
éprouver vivre
(transitive) To observe certain events; undergo a certain feeling or process; or perform certain actions that may alter one or contribute to one's knowledge, opinions, or skills.

experience points n
point d'expérience
(RPG) A system of points when a predetermined amount is accumulated by a player character, causes them to level up. This is one of the core mechanics of many role-playing games. Abbreviations: EXP or XP.

experienced /ɪkˈspɪə.ɹɪənst/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.i.ənst/ more experienced most experienced adj
expérimenté
Having experience and skill in a subject.

experiential /ɛkˌspɪəɹiˈɛnʃəl/ /ɪkˌspɪəɹiˈɛnʃəl/ /ɪkˌspɪɹiˈɛnʃəl/ more experiential most experiential adj
expérienciel expérientiel
Of, related to, encountered in, or derived from experience.

experiment /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/ experiments n
expérience expérimentation
A test under controlled conditions made to either demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried.

experiment /ɛkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ə.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɛɹ.ɪ.mənt/ /ɪkˈspɪɹ.ə.mənt/ v
expérimenter
(transitive, obsolete) To test or ascertain by experiment; to try out; to make an experiment on.

experimental /ɪkspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/ /ɪkˌspɛɹəˈmɛntəl/ more experimental most experimental adj
expérimental
Serving as an experiment; serving to experiment.

experimentally more experimentally most experimentally adv
expérimentalement
in the manner of an experiment

experimentation experimentations n
expérimentation
The act of experimenting; practice by experiment.

experimenter experimenters n
expérimentateur expérimentatrice
A person who experiments.

expert /ˈek.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɜːt/ /ˈɛk.spɝt/ experts n
expert
A person with extensive knowledge or ability in a given subject.

expert witness expert witnesses n
témoin expert
(legal) A witness that has expertise in a certain field.

expertise /ˌɛkspəˈtiːz/ /ˌɛkspɚˈtiːs/ /ˌɛkspɚˈtiːz/ expertises n
expertise compétence
Great skill or knowledge in a particular field or hobby.
expertise
Advice, or opinion, of an expert.

expiation /ɛkspiˈeɪʃən/ expiations n
expiation
An act of atonement for a sin or wrongdoing.

expiatory more expiatory most expiatory adj
expiatoire
Of or pertaining to expiation.

expiration /ˌɛk.spaɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɛk.spəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ expirations n
expiration
The act of expiring.
The act or process of breathing out, or forcing air from the lungs through the nose or mouth
Emission of volatile matter; exhalation.
A cessation, extinction, ending

expire /ɛkˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ v
expirer
(intransitive) To lapse and become invalid.

expired adj
expiré
that is no longer valid

expiry /ɛkˈspaɪ.əɹ.i/ /ɪkˈspaɪ.əɹ.i/ expiries n
expiration
(British, NZ, AU, Canada) End; termination; expiration.

expiry date expiry dates n
date de péremption
(UK) The date on which something runs out or expires and becomes out of date, in many cases needing renewal.

explain /ɛkˈspleɪn/ /ɪkˈspleɪn/ v
expliquer
(ambitransitive) To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to clear of obscurity; to illustrate the meaning of.
(obsolete) To make flat, smooth out.
(obsolete) To unfold or make visible.
(intransitive) To make something plain or intelligible.
expliquer justifier
(transitive) To give a valid excuse for past behavior.

explanation /ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən/ explanations n
explication
The act or process of explaining.
Something that explains, makes understandable.

explanatory /ɛkˈsplæn.ə.t(ə)ɹi/ /ɛkˈsplæn.ə.tɔː.ɹi/ /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.t(ə)ɹi/ /ɪkˈsplæn.ə.tɔː.ɹi/ more explanatory most explanatory adj
explicatif
Intended to serve as an explanation.

explanatory dictionary explanatory dictionaries n
dictionnaire explicatif

expletive /ɪkˈspliːtɪv/ /ˈɛksplətɪv/ more expletive most expletive adj
explétif

explicable /ɪkˈsplɪkəbəl/ adj
explicable
Able to be explained.

explicit /ɪkˈsplɪsɪt/ more explicit most explicit adj
explicite
Very specific, clear, or detailed. [from 1609]

explicitly more explicitly most explicitly adv
explicitement
In an explicit manner.

explode /ɪkˈsploʊd/ /ɪkˈspləʊd/ v
exploser
(transitive) To destroy with an explosion.
exploser sauter détoner
(intransitive) To fly apart with sudden violent force; to blow up, to burst, to detonate, to go off.

exploded view exploded views n
vue éclatée vue explosée
A view in a drawing showing the parts in an assembly separated outwardly, with an indication of how they fit together.

exploit /ɪksˈplɔɪt/ /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ exploits n
exploit
A heroic or extraordinary deed.
(computing) A program or technique that exploits a vulnerability in other software.

exploit /ɪksˈplɔɪt/ /ˈɛksplɔɪt/ v
exploiter
(transitive) To use (something) to someone's advantage, such as one's own benefit or a society's benefit.
(transitive) To make unfair use of someone else's labor, person, or property to one's own advantage.

exploitation /ˌɛksplɔɪˈteɪʃn̩/ exploitations n
exploitation
The act of utilizing something; industry.
The act or result of forcibly depriving someone of something to which they have a natural right.

exploitation film exploitation films n
film d'exploitation
A film that relies on lurid subject matter for its appeal.

exploiter exploiters n
exploiteur exploiteuse
One who exploits.

exploration /ˌɛkspləˈɹeɪʃən/ explorations n
exploration
The process of exploring.
The process of penetrating, or ranging over for purposes of (especially geographical) discovery.
The (pre-)mining process of finding and determining commercially viable ore deposits (after prospecting), also called mineral exploration.

explore /ɪkˈsplo(ː)ɹ/ /ɪkˈsploə/ /ɪkˈsplɔɹ/ /ɪkˈsplɔː/ v
explorer
(transitive) To examine or investigate something systematically.
(transitive) To travel somewhere in search of discovery.
(transitive) To (seek) experience first hand.

explorer /ɛkˈsplɔːɹə(ɹ)/ explorers n
explorateur exploratrice
One who explores something
A person who by means of travel (notably an expedition) searches out new information.
sonde
Any of various hand tools, with sharp points, used in dentistry.

explosion /ɛkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈsploʊ.ʒən/ /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/ explosions n
explosion
A violent release of energy (sometimes mechanical, nuclear, or chemical); an act or instance of exploding.

explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ more explosive most explosive adj
explosif
With the capability to, or likely to, explode.
Having the character of an explosion.

explosive /ɛkˈspləʊsɪv/ /ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/ explosives n
explosif
Any explosive substance.

explosive belt explosive belts n
ceinture explosive
A belt packed with explosives and armed with a detonator, worn by a suicide bomber.

explosively more explosively most explosively adv
explosivement
In an explosive manner.

exponent /ɛkˈspəʊnənt/ /ɪkˈkspəʊnənt/ /ˈɛkspoʊnənt/ /ˈɛkspənənt/ exponents n
exposant
One who expounds, represents or advocates.
(mathematics) The number by which a value (called the base) is said to be raised to a power in exponentiation: for example, the 3 in 2^3=8.

exponential /ˌɛk.spoʊ.ˈnɛn.t͡ʃəl/ /ˌɛk.spəʊ.ˈnɛn.tʃəl/ adj
exponentiel
Relating to an exponent.
(mathematics) Expressed in terms of a power of e.
(mathematics) Characterised by a rate of change that is proportional to the value of the varying quantity, or, equivalently, by a doubling or halving over successive fixed intervals of time or other parameter.

exponential function exponential functions n
fonction exponentielle
(mathematics) Any function in which an independent variable is in the form of an exponent; they are the inverse functions of logarithms

exponential growth exponential growths n
croissance exponentielle
(mathematics) The growth in the value of a quantity, in which the rate of growth is proportional to the instantaneous value of the quantity; for example, when the value has doubled, the rate of increase will also have doubled. The rate may be positive or negative.

exponential smoothing exponential smoothings n
lissage exponentiel
(statistics) a rule-of-thumb technique for smoothing time series data using the exponential window function.

exponentiation /ˌɛk.spoʊ.ˌnɛn.ʃi.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ exponentiations n
exponentiation
(mathematics, arithmetic) The process of calculating a power by multiplying together a number of equal factors, where the exponent specifies the number of factors to multiply.

export /ɪksˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪksˈpoət/ /ɪksˈpɔɹt/ /ɪksˈpɔːt/ /ˈɛks.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɛks.poət/ /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ /ˈɛks.pɔːt/ exports n
exportation
(uncountable) The act of exporting.

export /ɪksˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪksˈpoət/ /ɪksˈpɔɹt/ /ɪksˈpɔːt/ /ˈɛks.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɛks.poət/ /ˈɛks.pɔɹt/ /ˈɛks.pɔːt/ v
exporter
(transitive) To sell (goods) to a foreign country.
(transitive) To cause to spread in another part of the world.
(transitive, computing) To send (data) from one program to another.

exportable more exportable most exportable adj
exportable
Able to be exported.

exporter exporters n
exportateur exportatrice
One who, or that which, exports: especially a person who or organization that exports or sells goods made in one country for delivery in another country.

expose /ɛkˈspoʊz/ /ɪkˈspoʊz/ /ɪkˈspəʊz/ v
exposer dénoncer
(transitive) To reveal, uncover, make visible, bring to light, introduce (to).
exposer
(transitive) To subject photographic film to light thereby recording an image.

exposed beam exposed beams n
poutre apparente

exposition /ɛkspəˈzɪʃən/ expositions n
exposition
(authorship) The act or process of declaring or describing something through either speech or writing; the portions and aspects of a piece of writing that exist mainly to describe the setting, characters and other non-plot elements.

exposure /ɪkˈspoʊ.ʒɚ/ /ɪkˈspəʉ.ʒə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/ exposures n
exposition
(uncountable) The condition of being exposed, uncovered, or unprotected.
(photography) An instance of taking a photograph.
(photography) The piece of film exposed to light.
(gardening) The amount of sun, wind etc. experienced by a particular site.

exposure meter exposure meters n
posemètre
(photography) An instrument that measures the intensity of the light reflected from or falling on a subject, and calculates the optimum exposure depending on the film speed.

exposé /ˌɛkspoʊˈzeɪ/ exposés n
révélations
A publication of investigative journalism that reveals hidden and often scandalous truths.

expound /ɛkˈspaʊnd/ /ɪkˈspaʊnd/ v
expliciter préciser
(transitive) To set out the meaning of; to explain or discuss at length

express /ɛk.ˈspɹɛs/ /ɪkˈspɹɛs/ expresses n
express
A mode of transportation, often a train, that travels quickly or directly.

express /ɛk.ˈspɹɛs/ /ɪkˈspɹɛs/ v
exprimer
(transitive) To convey or communicate; to make known or explicit.

express train express trains n
rapide train express
(rail) A train (either the service or the train itself) making limited stops.

expressible more expressible most expressible adj
exprimable
Able to be expressed.

expression /ɛkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɪkˈspɹɛʃ.ən/ expressions n
expression
A particular way of phrasing an idea.
A colloquialism or idiom.
A facial appearance usually associated with an emotion.
(mathematics) An arrangement of symbols denoting values, operations performed on them, and grouping symbols.
(biology) The process of translating a gene into a protein.
(programming) A piece of code in a high-level language that returns a value.

expressionism expressionisms n
expressionnisme
A movement in the arts in which the artist did not depict objective reality, but rather a subjective expression of their inner experiences
A somewhat analogous genre in early 20th century music

expressionist expressionists n
expressionniste
A painter who paints in this style

expressionless more expressionless most expressionless adj
inexpressif
without expression

expressive /ɪkˈspɹɛsɪv/ more expressive most expressive adj
expressif
Effectively conveying thought or feeling.

expressively more expressively most expressively adv
expressivement
In an expressive manner.

expressiveness expressivenesses n
expressivité
The quality or degree of being expressive.

expressway /eks.ˈpɹɛs.weɪ/ expressways n
autoroute
(US, regional) A divided highway, especially one whose intersections and direct access to adjacent properties have been eliminated.
voie express
(UK, New Zealand) A road built for high speed traffic, but not up to motorway standards or designated a motorway.

expropriate v
exproprier
(transitive) To deprive a person of (their private property) for public use.

expropriation /ɛksˌpɹoʊpɹiˈeɪʃən/ expropriations n
expropriation
The act of expropriating; the surrender of a claim to private property; the act of depriving of private propriety rights.

expulsion /ɪkˈspʌlʃən/ expulsions n
expulsion
The act of expelling or the state of being expelled.

expulsive more expulsive most expulsive adj
expulsif
Tending to expel or resulting in expulsion.

expunge /ɛkˈspʌnd͡ʒ/ /ɪkˈspʌnd͡ʒ/ v
effacer
(transitive) To erase or strike out.
éliminer
(transitive) To eliminate completely; to annihilate.

expurgate /ˈɛks.pɚ.ɡeɪt/ v
expurger
(transitive) To edit out (incorrect, offensive, or otherwise undesirable information) from a book or other publication; to cleanse; to purge.
(transitive) To undertake editing out incorrect, offensive, or otherwise undesirable information from (a book or other publication); to cleanse; to purge.

exquisite /ɪkˈskwɪzɪt/ /ˈɛkskwɪzɪt/ more exquisite most exquisite adj
exquis
Especially fine or pleasing; exceptional.

exquisite corpse exquisite corpses n
cadavre exquis
(uncountable) A collective art game in which several collaborating artists assemble a sentence or image, usually by following a prompt, or being allowed to see the only last contribution.

exquisitely more exquisitely most exquisitely adv
exquisement exquisément
In an exquisite manner.

exsanguinate /ɛkˈsæŋ.ɡwɪ.neɪt/ v
exsanguiner
(transitive) To drain a body (living or dead) of blood.

exsanguine more exsanguine most exsanguine adj
exsangue
Lacking blood; anemic

exstrophic adj
exstrophique

exstrophy /ˈɛk.stɹəf.i/ exstrophies n
exstrophie
(especially) A congenital malformation of the bladder in which the normally internal mucosa of the organ lies exposed on the abdominal wall because of failure of union between the halves of the pubic symphysis and between the adjacent halves of the abdominal wall.

extant /ɛkˈstænt/ /ˈɛk.stənt/ adj
existant
Still in existence; not having disappeared.

extempore /ɛkˈstɛmpəɹi/ /ɪkˈstɛmpəɹi/ more extempore most extempore adj
extemporané
Carried out with no preparation; impromptu.

extempore /ɛkˈstɛmpəɹi/ /ɪkˈstɛmpəɹi/ more extempore most extempore adv
extemporanément
Without preparation; extemporaneously.

extend /ɛkˈstɛnd/ v
étendre
(transitive) To cause to increase in extent.
prolonger
(transitive) To cause to last for a longer period of time.

extendable /ɛkˈstɛndəbl̩/ more extendable most extendable adj
extensible
capable of being extended

extended metaphor extended metaphors n
métaphore filée

extensible more extensible most extensible adj
extensible
Capable of being extended.

extension /ɛkˈstɛnʃən/ /ɪkˈstɛnʃən/ extensions n
extension
(computing) A file extension.
(computing) An optional software component that adds functionality to an application.
(ring theory, of an ideal in the domain of a ring homomorphism) The ideal in the codomain generated by the image of the given ideal under the given homomorphism.

extension cord extension cords n
rallonge prolongateur
(electronics, US) An electrical cord with a plug one end, and a single socket or a multi-port socket at the other end, used for powering one or more devices at a distance, too far from the wall outlet to be reached by the normal cords of the device or devices.

extension reel extension reels n
enrouleur de câble
(electronics) An extension lead that rolls up, usually into the socket end, which in some cases has more than one socket on it (often 2 or 4).

extensive /ɛksˈtɛn.sɪv/ /ɪkˈstɛn.sɪv/ more extensive most extensive adj
étendu
(figurative) Considerable in amount.

extensively /ɛksˈtɛn.sɪv.li/ /ɪkˈstɛn.sɪv.li/ more extensively most extensively adv
largement
To a great extent.

extensor carpi radialis brevis n
muscle court extenseur radial du carpe

extent /ɪkˈstɛnt/ extents n
étendue
mesure
The space, area, volume, etc., to which something extends.

extenuating more extenuating most extenuating adj
atténuant

extenuating circumstance extenuating circumstances n
circonstance atténuante
(legal, or general usage, chiefly, in the plural) Any fact that mitigates or lessens a crime.

exterior /ɛkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɛkˈstɪɹiɚ/ /ɪkˈstɪəɹɪə/ /ɪkˈstɪɹiɚ/ adj
extérieur
Relating to the outside parts or surface of something.

exteriorization /ɛkˌstɪɹiɚɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪkˌstɪɹiɚɪˈzeɪʃən/ exteriorizations n
extériorisation

exterminate /ɛkˈstəː.mɪ.neɪt/ /ɛkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/ /ɪkˈstəː.mɪ.neɪt/ /ɪkˈstɝ.mɪ.neɪt/ v
anéantir
exterminer
(transitive) To kill all of (a population of pests or undesirables), usually intentionally.

extermination exterminations n
extermination
The act of exterminating; total destruction or eradication

external /ɛksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɛksˈtɝ.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪksˈtɝ.nəl/ more external most external adj
externe
Provided by something or someone outside of the entity (object, group, company etc.) considered.

external link external links n
lien externe

externality /ekstəˈnælɪti/ /ɛkstəˈnælɪti/ /ɛkstɚˈnælɪti/ externalities n
externalité
(economics, countable) An impact, positive or negative, on any party not involved in a given economic transaction or act.

externalization externalizations n
extériorisation
A physical thing that typifies an abstract thing; an embodiment or personalization.

extimate /ˈɛkstɪmət/ adj
extimité
(psychology) In the works of Jacques Lacan: simultaneously external and intimate.

extinct /ɛkˈstɪŋkt/ /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ adj
éteint
(dated) Extinguished, no longer alight (of fire, candles etc.)
éteint disparu
(of a group of organisms, as a species) No longer in existence; having died out.

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃən/ extinctions n
extinction
The action of making or becoming extinct; annihilation.

extinguish /ɪkˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
éteindre
(transitive) To put out, as in fire; to end burning; to quench.

extinguisher /ɛkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(ɹ)/ extinguishers n
extincteur
One who, or that which, extinguishes something.

extirpate /ˈɛkstəpeɪt/ /ˈɛkstɚpeɪt/ v
extirper déraciner
(transitive) To pull up by the roots; uproot.
extirper annihiler
(transitive) To destroy completely; to annihilate,
extirper
(transitive) To surgically remove.

extol /ɪkˈstoʊl/ /ɪkˈstəʊl/ v
louer
To praise; to make high.

extort /ɪkˈstɔː(ɹ)t/ v
extorquer
(transitive) To take or seize from an unwilling person by physical force, menace, duress, torture, or any undue or illegal exercise of power or ingenuity.

extortion /ɪkˈstɔɹʃən/ /ɪkˈstɔːʃən/ extortions n
extorsion
The practice of extorting money or other property by the use of force or threats.

extortionist extortionists n
extorqueur extorqueuse
Someone who extorts; an extortioner.

extra /ˈɛkstɹə/ more extra most extra adj
supplémentaire extra
(not comparable) Beyond what is due, usual, expected, or necessary; extraneous; additional; supernumerary.

extra /ˈɛkstɹə/ adv
particulièrement
(informal) To an extraordinary degree.

extra /ˈɛkstɹə/ extras n
hors-série
An extra edition of a newspaper, which is printed outside of the normal printing cycle, for example to report an important late-breaking event.

extra time n
prolongation

extra virgin olive oil extra virgin olive oils n
huile d’olive vierge extra

extra- prefix
extra-
Outside of, beyond.

extraatmospheric adj
extra-atmosphérique
Outside of the atmosphere of Earth

extract /ɛksˈtɹækt/ /ɪksˈtɹækt/ /ˈɛkstɹækt/ extracts n
extrait
Something that is extracted or drawn out.
A portion of a book or document, incorporated distinctly in another work; a citation; a quotation.
A decoction, solution, or infusion made by drawing out from any substance that which gives it its essential and characteristic virtue
A solid preparation obtained by evaporating a solution of a drug, etc., or the fresh juice of a plant (distinguished from an abstract).

extract /ɛksˈtɹækt/ /ɪksˈtɹækt/ /ˈɛkstɹækt/ v
extraire
(transitive) To draw out; to pull out; to remove forcibly from a fixed position, as by traction or suction, etc.

extraction /ɪkˈstɹækʃən/ extractions n
extraction
An act of extracting or the condition of being extracted.
(dated) A person's origin or ancestry.
(dentistry) A removal of a tooth from its socket.

extractor fan extractor fans n
extracteur

extractor hood extractor hoods n
hotte aspirante
(UK) An electrical kitchen device fitted over a cooker and connected to a flue designed to suck off any vapours from cooking.

extracurricular /ˌɛkstɹəkəˈɹɪkjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
extrascolaire parascolaire périscolaire
Outside of the normal curriculum of an educational establishment

extradiegetic more extradiegetic most extradiegetic adj
extradiégétique

extradite /ˈɛkstɹədaɪt/ v
extrader
(transitive) To remove a person from one state to another by legal process.

extradition extraditions n
extradition
A formal process by which a criminal suspect held by one government or jurisdiction is handed over to another government or jurisdiction for trial or, if the suspect has already been tried and found guilty, to serve his or her sentence.

extragalactic adj
extragalactique
(astronomy) Originating outside of the Milky Way galaxy.
(astronomy) Originating outside of any galaxy.
(science fiction) Originating outside of the local galaxy.

extrajudicial adj
extrajudiciaire
(legal, of a punishment) Carried out without legal authority.

extrajudicially adv
extrajudiciairement
Outside of the legal system.

extralegal adj
extralégal
Occurring outside the law; not governed by law; lawless.

extramarital /ˌɛkstɹəˈmæɹɪtəl/ adj
extraconjugal
Occurring outside marriage.

extramural adj
externe
Taking place outside the walls of an institution, especially a school or university.

extraneous /ekˈstɹæɪ.ni.əs/ /ɛkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/ /ɪkˈstɹeɪ.ni.əs/ adj
étranger
Not belonging to, or dependent upon, a thing; without or beyond a thing; foreign

extranet extranets n
extranet
(computing) A private computer network that uses Internet protocols and can be accessed by authorized individuals via the Internet.

extraordinarily more extraordinarily most extraordinarily adv
extraordinairement
In an extraordinary manner.

extraordinariness extraordinarinesses n
extraordinarité
The property or state of being extraordinary.

extraordinary /ɪks.tɹɑː.ˈɔː.dɪn.nə.ɹiː/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ɪksˈtɹɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnəɹi/ /ˌɛkstɹəˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnɹi/ more extraordinary most extraordinary adj
extraordinaire
Not ordinary; exceptional; unusual.

extraplanetary more extraplanetary most extraplanetary adj
extra-planétaire extraplanétaire
Originating, or located outside of a planet
extraterrestrial, originating or located outside Earth

extrapolate /ekˈstɹæp.əˌlæɪt/ /ɛkˈstɹæp.əˌleɪt/ /ɪk-/ v
extrapoler
(transitive) To infer by extending known information.
(transitive, mathematics) To estimate the value of a variable outside a known range from values within that range by assuming that the estimated value follows logically from the known ones

extrapolation extrapolations n
extrapolation
(mathematics) A calculation of an estimate of the value of some function outside the range of known values.

extrapulmonary adj
extrapulmonaire
(anatomy) Beyond or outside the lungs.

extrasensory /ˌɛkstɹəˈsɛnsəɹi/ adj
extrasensoriel
Of or relating to extrasensory perception.

extrasensory perception /ˌɛkstɹəˈsɛnsəɹi pəˈsɛpʃən/ n
perceptions extra-sensorielles
The supposed ability to obtain information without the use of normal sensory channels.

extrasolar adj
extrasolaire extra-solaire
(astronomy) of or originating outside the Solar System.
extra-solaire extrasolaire
(astrophysics) of or originating in a solar system other than Earth's.

extraterrestrial /ˌɛk.stɹə.təˈɹɛs.tɹi.əl/ more extraterrestrial most extraterrestrial adj
extraterrestre
Originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; alien to Earth or its environment.

extraterrestrial /ˌɛk.stɹə.təˈɹɛs.tɹi.əl/ extraterrestrials n
extraterrestre
A being originating from outside of the Earth's atmosphere, from space, or from another planet; an alien.

extraterritoriality /ˌɛk.stɹəˌtɛ.ɹɪˌtɔ.ɹiˈæl.ɪ.ɾi/ /ˌɛk.stɹəˌtɛ.ɹɪˌtɔː.ɹɪˈæl.ɪ.ti/ extraterritorialities n
extraterritorialité
(legal, uncountable) Immunity from the local laws of a certain area, especially due to diplomatic negotiation.

extrauterine adj
extra-utérin
Outside the uterus.

extravagant /ɪkˈstɹævəɡənt/ more extravagant most extravagant adj
extravagant
Exceeding the bounds of something; roving; hence, foreign.

extravaganza /ɪkˌstɹæv.əˈɡæn.zə/ extravaganzas extravaganze n
extravagance
An instance of fantastical, unrestrained, lavish, or chaotic behaviour or conduct.

extravasate /ɪkˈstɹævəˌseɪt/ v
extravaser
To flow (or be forced) from a vessel.

extravehicular activity extravehicular activities n
AEV EVA activité extravéhiculaire sortie extravéhiculaire
Any activity done by an astronaut outside of a spacecraft etc; a spacewalk or moonwalk.

extreme /ɛkˈstɹiːm/ /ɪkˈstɹim/ /ɪkˈstɹiːm/ extremer extremest more extreme most extreme adj
extrême
Of a place, the most remote, farthest or outermost.
In the greatest or highest degree; intense.
Drastic, or of great severity.
Of sports, difficult or dangerous; performed in a hazardous environment.
(archaic) Ultimate, final or last.
extrême excessif excessive
Excessive, or far beyond the norm.

extreme /ɛkˈstɹiːm/ /ɪkˈstɹim/ /ɪkˈstɹiːm/ extremes n
extrême
The greatest or utmost point, degree or condition.
Each of the things at opposite ends of a range or scale.
A drastic expedient.

extreme sport extreme sports n
sport extrême
Any sport taking place at potentially dangerous speeds or heights, or involving a high level of physical exertion, highly specialized gear, or spectacular stunts.

extreme unction /ɛk.stɹiːm.ʌŋk.ʃən/ n
extrême-onction
(Christianity) The Catholic sacrament of Anointing of the Sick.

extremely /ɪksˈtɹiːmli/ more extremely most extremely adv
extrêmement vachement
(degree) To an extreme degree.

extremism /ɛkˈstɹiː.mɪ.zəm/ /ɪkˈstɹi.mɪ.zəm/ /ɪkˈstɹiː.mɪ.zəm/ extremisms n
extrémisme
Extreme ideas or actions, primarily in politics or religion.

extremist /ɛkˈstɹiːmɪst/ /ɪkˈstɹiːmɪst/ extremists n
extrémiste
(political) A person who holds extreme views, especially one who advocates such views; a radical or fanatic.

extremity /-ɾi/ /ɛk-/ /ɪkˈstɹɛməti/ /ɪkˈstɹɛmɪti/ extremities extremitys n
extrémité
The most extreme or furthest point of something. [from c. 1400]
A hand or foot. [from early 15th c.]

extremophile extremophiles n
extrêmophile
(ecology) An organism that lives under extreme conditions of temperature, salinity etc; commercially important as a source of enzymes that operate under similar conditions.

extricate /ˈɛks.tɹɪ.keɪt/ v
extirper
(transitive) To free, disengage, loosen, or untangle.

extroverted /ɛkstɹoʊˈvəɹtɪd/ /ɛkstɹəʊˈvəːtɪd/ /ˈɛkstɹəvəːtɪd/ /ˈɛkstɹəˌvəɹtɪd/ more extroverted most extroverted adj
extraverti
(informal, _, psychology) Of or characteristic of the personality of an extrovert: outgoing, sociable.

extrude /ɪk.ˈstruːd/ v
extruder

extruder /ɛkˈstɹuːdə(ɹ)/ /ɪkˈstɹuːdə(ɹ)/ extruders n
extrudeuse
A machine that extrudes material through shaped dies

extrusion extrusions n
extrusion
A manufacturing process where a billet of material is pushed and/or drawn through a die to create a shaped rod, rail or pipe.

extrusive more extrusive most extrusive adj
extrusif
Jutting out; extruding.

extubate v
extuber
(surgery) To remove a tube from a hollow organ or from an airway.

exuberant /ɪɡˈzuːbəɹənt/ more exuberant most exuberant adj
exubérant
(literary, of things that grow) Abundant, luxuriant.

exudate /ˈɛksjʊdeɪt/ /ˈɛɡzjʊdeɪt/ exudates n
exsudat
A fluid that has exuded from somewhere; especially one that has exuded from a pore of an animal or plant.

exude /ɪkˈsud/ /ɪɡˈzjuːd/ /ɪɡˈzud/ v
exsuder
(transitive) To discharge through pores or incisions, as moisture or other liquid matter; to give out.

exult /ɪɡˈzʌlt/ v
exulter
(intransitive) To rejoice; to be very happy, especially in triumph.

exultation /ˌɛɡzʌlˈteɪʃən/ exultations n
exultation
The act of exulting; great joy at success or victory, or at any advantage gained; rapturous delight

eyalet eyalets n
eyalet
(historical) A former administrative division or province of the Ottoman Empire.

eyas /ˈaɪəs/ eyases eyasses n
fauconneau
A young hawk or falcon in the nest, or that has not yet fledged, especially one that will be trained for falconry.

eye /aɪ/ eyen eyes eyne n
œil yeux
An organ through which animals see.
œil
The ability to notice what others might miss.
A mark on an animal, such as a butterfly or peacock, resembling a human eye.
A loop forming part of anything, or a hole through anything, to receive a hook, pin, rope, shaft, etc.; for example, at the end of a tie bar in a bridge truss, through a crank, at the end of a rope, or through a millstone.
chas trou œil
A hole at the blunt end of a needle through which thread is passed.
One of the holes in certain kinds of cheese.
œillet
A fitting consisting of a loop of metal or other material, suitable for receiving a hook or the passage of a cord or line.

eye /aɪ/ v
examiner
convoiter guigner lorgner
(transitive) To carefully or appraisingly observe (someone or something).

eye chart eye charts n
tableau de vue
A sign or poster showing letters or symbols in progressively smaller lines of type, used to test distance vision.

eye color eye colors n
couleur des yeux
The color or pigment of the iris of the eye.

eye contact n
contact visuel
The condition or action of looking at another human or animal in the eye.

eye doctor eye doctors n
oculiste ophtalmologue

eye for an eye n
œil pour œil
(idiom) Compensation for injury caused by a person, in the form of inflicting an identical injury on that person.

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing n
intégration neuro-émotionnelle par les mouvements oculaires
A form of psychotherapy for the relief of post-traumatic stress disorder

eye of the storm n
œil du cyclone
A region of calm weather right in the middle of a storm.

eye patch eye patches n
cache-œil
An opaque patch worn so as to cover one eye in order to protect or conceal it, or to treat amblyopia in children.

eye pattern eye patterns n
diagramme de l'œil
(electronics) An oscilloscope display of a data signal passed through a transmission line, clocked synchronously to the data symbols; used to analyze the quality of transmission.

eye shadow eye shadows n
ombre à paupières fard à paupières
Makeup that is applied to the eyelids and below the eyes to give a darker complexion there.

eye socket eye sockets n
orbite cavité oculaire orbite crânienne orbite de l'œil
(anatomy, ophthalmology) The bony cavity which contains the eyeball and its associated muscles, vessels, and nerves. In humans, seven bones make up each bony orbit.

eye test eye tests n
examen de la vue
A series of examinations carried out by an optician to assess a patient's vision.

eyebags /ˈaɪbæɡz/ n
valises valises sous les yeux
Dark circles under the eyes, caused by lack of sleep etc.

eyeball eyeballs n
globe oculaire
The ball of the eye.

eyeball v
faire à la louche évaluer au pif évaluer à vue de nez
(transitive, informal) To gauge, estimate or judge by eye, rather than measuring precisely; to look or glance at.

eyeblink eyeblinks n
clin d'œil
(idiom) A moment (a very short period of time).

eyebright eyebrights n
euphraise
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Euphrasia, originally as used to treat eye infections. [from 16th c.]

eyebrow /ˈaɪˌbɹaʊ/ eyebrows n
sourcil
The hair that grows over the bone ridge above the eye socket.

eyebrow pencil eyebrow pencils n
crayon à sourcils
Makeup in a pencil-like applicator used to define or draw on the eyebrows.

eyebrowed thrush eyebrowed thrushes n
grive obscure merle obscur
A species of solitary thrush native to Asia, Turdus obscurus.

eyedrop eyedrops n
gouttes oculaires
(medicine) Medicine to be administered to the eyes.

eyeglass /ˈaɪˌɡlæs/ eyeglasses n
monocle
A monocle.

eyelash /ˈaɪlæʃ/ eyelashes n
cil
(anatomy, dermatology) One of the hairs which grows along the edge of eyelids.

eyelash curler eyelash curlers n
recourbe-cils
a tool to curl the eyelashes.

eyelet /ˈaɪ.lət/ eyelets n
œillet
An object that consists of a rim and small hole or perforation to receive a cord or fastener, as in garments, sails, etc. An eyelet may reinforce a hole.

eyelid /ˈaɪ.lɪd/ eyelids n
paupière
A thin skin membrane that covers and moves over an eye.

eyeliner eyeliners n
eyeliner ligneur pinceau-traceur
Makeup used to outline the eye, generally applied along or close to the lashline.

eyepiece eyepieces n
oculaire
The lens (or the component containing a combination of lenses) at the eye end of a microscope or telescope by which the image is viewed.

eyes-only adj
classé
(espionage, of documents) Meant to be read only, and not discussed, by the named recipient; classified.

eyeshade eyeshades n
visière
(countable) A type of headgear for shielding the eyes from glaring light, usually consisting of a visor and a headband, more popular among indoor workers in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries than today.
ombre à paupières visière
(not countable) A cosmetic product which may be applied to the upper eyelid and to the area near the eye to change skin coloration.

eyesight /ˈaɪˌsaɪt/ eyesights n
vue vision
Vision or the faculty of sight.

eyesore /ˈaɪsɔɹ/ /ˈaɪsɔː/ eyesores n
horreur
A displeasing sight; something prominently ugly or unsightly.

eyewall eyewalls n
mur de l'œil
A ring of towering thunderstorms where the most severe weather of a cyclone occurs.

eyewash eyewashes n
collyre
(countable, uncountable) A soothing medicated lotion for the eyes.

eyewitness eyewitnesses n
témoin oculaire
Someone who sees an event and can report or testify about it. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

eyrie /ˈaɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɛ.ɹi/ /ˈɛə.ɹi/ /ˈɪ.ɹi/ /ˈɪə.ɹi/ eyries n
aire nid d'aigle
The nest of a bird of prey.

ezafe /ɛˈzɑːfeɪ/ ezafe ezafes n
ézafé
A grammatical particle found in some Iranian and Iranian-influenced languages which links two words together; it consists of the unstressed vowel -e / -ye (Persian, Bengali, Hindi-Urdu), -i / -yi (Classical Persian, Kurdish, Urdu, Ottoman Turkish), or -ı (Ottoman Turkish) between the words it connects, and often approximately corresponds in usage to the English preposition "of", similar to but not to be confused with Arabic ʾiḍāfa.

f*ck v
n*quer
Censored spelling of fuck.

f-hole f-holes n
ouïe
(musical instruments) A sound hole, shaped like a lowercase f, through the top surface of a string instrument.

fa /fɑ/ fas n
fa
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the fourth diatonic (or sixth chromatic) note of a major scale.

fable /ˈfeɪbəl/ fables n
fable conte
A fictitious narrative intended to enforce some useful truth or precept, usually with animals, etc. as characters; an apologue. Prototypically, Aesop's Fables.

fabliau fabliaux n
fabliau
A short, farcical, often bawdy tale of a genre written in the North of France in the 12th, 13th and 14th centuries.

fabric /ˈfæb.ɹɪk/ fabrics n
structure
(now, rare) An edifice or building.
tissu
(figurative) The framework underlying a structure.
tissu textile
A material made of fibers, a textile or cloth.

fabric softener /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɑfənər/ /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɒfənər/ /ˈfæbrɪk ˈsɔfənər/ fabric softeners n
adoucissant
A chemical agent used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically conductive, thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static electricity; usually available as a liquid or as dryer sheets.

fabricate /ˈfæb.ɹɪ.keɪt/ v
fabriquer
(transitive) To form into a whole by uniting its parts; to construct; to build.
(transitive) To form by art and labor; to manufacture; to produce.
fabriquer controuver
(transitive) To invent and form; to forge; to devise falsely.

fabrication /fæbɹɪˈkeɪʃən/ fabrications n
fabrication
(uncountable) The act of fabricating, framing, or constructing; construction; manufacture
fabulation
(countable) That which is fabricated; a falsehood

fabricator fabricators n
fabricant fabricante
A person who fabricates or manufactures something; a manufacturer
fabricateur fabricatrice
A person who makes a fabrication of something; a counterfeiter or falsifier

fabulist /ˈfæbjəlɪst/ fabulists n
mythomane
(figurative) A liar.

fabulous /ˈfæbjʊləs/ more fabulous most fabulous adj
fabuleux
Of or relating to fable, myth or legend.
Characteristic of fables; marvelous, extraordinary, incredible.
(slang) Very good; outstanding, wonderful.

fabulously /ˈfæbjʊləsli/ more fabulously most fabulously adv
fabuleusement
In a fabulous manner.

facade /fəˈsɑːd/ facades n
façade
(figuratively) A deceptive or insincere outward appearance.
(programming) An object serving as a simplified interface to a larger body of code, as in the facade pattern.

face /feɪs/ /feːs/ faces n
visage face figure gueule
(anatomy) The front part of the head of a human or other animal, featuring the eyes, nose, and mouth, and the surrounding area.
gueule
(slang) The mouth.
visage physionomie
(in expressions such as 'make a face') A distorted facial expression; an expression of displeasure, insult, etc.
face visage
Public image; outward appearance.
face surface
Any surface, especially a front or outer one.
face
(geometry) Any of the flat bounding surfaces of a polyhedron; more generally, any of the bounding pieces of a polytope of any dimension.

face /feɪs/ /feːs/ v
faire face à
(transitive, of a person or animal) To position oneself or itself so as to have one's face closest to (something).
faire face à être en face de être vis-à-vis de
(transitive, of an object) To have its front closest to, or in the direction of (something else).
affronter
(transitive) To deal with (a difficult situation or person); to accept (facts, reality, etc.) even when undesirable.

face cloth face cloths n
gant de toilette
A small cloth used to wash one's face.

face the music v
affronter la tempête braver l'orage braver la tempête faire face faire front prendre le taureau par les cornes
(idiomatic) To accept or confront the unpleasant consequences of one's actions.

face to face adv
face à face tête-à-tête vis-à-vis
In person; directly; in the physical presence of somebody.

face value face values n
valeur faciale valeur nominale
The amount or value listed on a bill, note, stamp, etc.; the stated value or amount.

face-down adv
à plat ventre
(of a person or object) In a manner such that the face, front, or surface which is normally directed forward for viewing is positioned downward.

facebook /ˈfeɪsˌbʊk/ facebooks n
trombinoscope
A reference book or electronic directory made up of individuals’ photographs and names.

facebooker facebookers n
facebooker facebookeur facebookien facebookeuse facebookienne
A person using the social networking website Facebook.

facecam facecams n
face caméra

facefuck v
irrumer
(transitive, vulgar) To thrust one's penis into the mouth or throat of someone; to irrumate.

facekini facekinis n
face-kini
A balaclava-like swimwear face mask which completely covers the face except for holes for the eyes, nose, and mouth, worn as protection from sun and irritants.

facelift /ˈfeɪsˌlɪft/ facelifts n
lifting
Plastic surgery to the face to remove wrinkles, fat or various signs of aging.

facemask /ˈfeɪs.mæsk/ /ˈfeɪs.mɑːsk/ facemasks n
couvre-visage
A covering used to protect or disguise the face.
grilles
(American football, Canadian football) The part of the helmet that directly covers the face, made of one or more plastic-coated metal bars.

facepalm /ˈfeɪsˌpɑː(l)m/ facepalms n
facepalm main sur le front
A gesture of bringing one or both palms to the face, with various interpretations.

facepalm /ˈfeɪsˌpɑː(l)m/ v
se cacher la tête dans la main se taper la main sur le front se taper la tête avec la main
To bring the palm of one’s hand to one’s face as an expression of mixed humor and disbelief, disgust or shame; for example, when one is caught off-guard with a particularly bad pun.

faceplant /ˈfeɪsˌplænt/ /ˈfeɪsˌplɑːnt/ v
se planter la gueule se péter la gueule
(informal) To land face first.

facet /ˈfæsɪt/ facets n
facette
Any one of the flat surfaces cut into a gem.
One among many similar or related, yet still distinct things.
volet
One of a series of things, such as steps in a project.
facette ommatidie
(anatomy) One member of a compound eye, as found in insects and crustaceans.

facet /ˈfæsɪt/ v
facetter
To cut a facet into a gemstone.

facetious /fəˈsiːʃəs/ more facetious most facetious adj
facétieux
Treating serious issues with (often deliberately) inappropriate humour; flippant.
Pleasantly humorous; jocular.

facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ adj
facial
(medicine, relational) Concerned with or used in improving the appearance of the face.

facial /ˈfeɪ.ʃəl/ facials n
faciale
(slang, pornography, sex) A sex act of male ejaculation onto another person's face.

facial hair n
poils du visage
Hair on the face of a human, such as the eyebrows of a man or woman or the androgenic hair (beard or moustache) of a man.

facial mask facial masks n
masque de beauté
An application of mud, clay, etc. to the skin of the face for cosmetic purposes.

facile /ˈfä.sʌɪl/ /ˈfæs.aɪl/ /ˈfæs.əl/ [ˈfæs.ɫ̩] more facile most facile adj
facile
(now, usually, derogatory) Easy; contemptibly easy. [from 15th c.]

facilitate /fəˈsɪləteɪt/ /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v
faciliter
To make easy or easier.

facilitation /fəˌsɪləˈteɪʃən/ /fəˌsɪlɪˈteɪʃən/ facilitations n
facilitation
The act of facilitating or making easy.
(physiology) The process of synapses becoming more capable of transmitting the same type of signal each time certain types of sensory signals pass through sequences of these synapses.

facilitator facilitators n
entremetteur entremetteuse facilitateur facilitatrice médiateur médiatrice
A person who helps a group to have an effective dialog without taking any side of the argument, especially in order to reach a consensus.

facility /fəˈsɪlɪti/ facilities n
facilité
The fact of being easy, or easily done; absence of difficulty; simplicity. [from 16th c.]
Dexterity of speech or action; skill, talent. [from 16th c.]
centre infrastructure installation matériel pôle équipement
The physical means or contrivances to make something (especially a public service) possible; the required equipment, infrastructure, location etc. [from 19th c.]
établissement
An institution specially designed for a specific purpose, such as incarceration, military use, or scientific experimentation.

facing /ˈfeɪsɪŋ/ facings n
parement
The most external portion of exterior siding.

faciomuscular adj
faciomusculaire

facsimile /fækˈsɪm.ə.li/ facsimiles facsimilia n
fac-similé
(countable) A copy or reproduction.
fax télécopieur
A fax, a machine for making and sending copies of printed material and images via radio or telephone network.

fact /fækt/ facts n
fait
Something actual as opposed to invented.
Something which is real.
An objective consensus on a fundamental reality that has been agreed upon by a substantial number of experts.
Information about a particular subject, especially actual conditions and/or circumstances.
fait vérité
Something concrete used as a basis for further interpretation.
(databases) An individual value or measurement at the lowest level of granularity in a data warehouse.

fact of life facts of life n
réalité de la vie

fact-free adj
sans faits
Without any regard for the truth.

facticity /fækˈtɪsɪti/ [-ɾi] facticities n
facticité
(uncountable) The quality or state of being a fact.
(uncountable, specifically, philosophy) In existentialism, the state of being in the world without any knowable reason for such existence, or of being in a particular state of affairs which one has no control over.

faction /ˈfæk.ʃn̩/ /ˈfæk.ʃən/ factions n
faction
(countable) A group of people, especially within a political organization, which expresses a shared belief or opinion different from people who are not part of the group.

factionalism factionalisms n
factionnalisme

factitious /fækˈtɪʃəs/ more factitious most factitious adj
factice
Counterfeit, fabricated, fake.

factor /ˈfæk.tə/ /ˈfæk.tɚ/ factors n
facteur agent
(obsolete) A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization.
(causal analysis) Influence; a phenomenon that affects the nature, the magnitude, and/or the timing of a consequence.
facteur
An agent or representative.
(legal)
A business organization that lends money on accounts receivable or buys and collects accounts receivable.
A commission agent.
A person or business organization that provides money for another's new business venture; one who finances another's business.
One of the elements, circumstances, or influences which contribute to produce a result.
(mathematics) Any of various objects multiplied together to form some whole.
(economics) A resource used in the production of goods or services, a factor of production.
(Scotland) A steward or bailiff of an estate.

factor /ˈfæk.tə/ /ˈfæk.tɚ/ v
factoriser
(transitive) To find all the factors of (a number or other mathematical object) (the objects that divide it evenly).

factor in v
prendre en compte
(idiomatic, transitive) To consider as a factor.

factor of production factors of production n
facteur de production
(economics) A resource used to produce goods and services, such as labor, land, or capital.

factor out v
mettre en évidence
(transitive, algebra) To isolate a common factor from an expression.
ne pas prendre en compte ne pas tenir compte de
(transitive, figuratively) To omit, to not consider as a factor.

factorable adj
factorisable
(mathematics) Capable of being factored. For integers synonyms are composite, non-prime.

factorial /fækˈtɔːɹi.əl/ factorials n
factorielle
(mathematics, combinatorics) The result of multiplying a given number of consecutive integers from 1 to the given number. In equations, it is symbolized by an exclamation mark (!). For example, 5! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 = 120.

factoring factorings n
affacturage
A financial transaction whereby a business sells its accounts receivable to a third party (called a factor) at a discount.

factorization factorizations n
factorisation
(mathematics) The process of creating a list of factors.

factorize v
factoriser
(mathematics, transitive) To create a list of the factors of.
(mathematics, transitive) To divide an expression into a list of items that, when multiplied together, will produce the original quantity.

factory /ˈfæk.tə.ɹi/ /ˈfæk.tɚ.i/ /ˈfæk.tɹi/ factories n
usine fabrique manufacture
A building or other place where manufacturing takes place. [from 17th c.]

factory farming n
élevage intensif
(pejorative) A type of intensive agriculture, specifically an approach to animal husbandry, designed to maximize production while minimizing costs.

factory reset factory resets n
retour aux paramètres d'usine
(computing) A full restore of an electronic device, such as a PDA or a mobile phone, to its original settings, deleting all of its data.

factotum /fækˈtoʊ.təm/ /fækˈtəʊ.təm/ factota factotums n
factotum
(dated) A person having many diverse activities or responsibilities.

factual /ˈfæk.(t)ʃ(ʊ)əl/ /ˈfæk.tj(ʊ)əl/ /ˈfæk.tʃ(u)əl/ /ˈfɛk.(t)ʃ(ʉː)əl/ more factual most factual adj
factuel effectif
Pertaining to or consisting of objective claims.

factually more factually most factually adv
factuellement
In a factual manner

facula /ˈfækjʊlə/ faculae n
facula
(astronomy) A bright spot or patch between sunspots.

facultative /ˈfæ.kəl.tə.tɪv/ /ˈfæ.kəlˌteɪ.tɪv/ more facultative most facultative adj
facultatif
Not obligate; optional, discretionary or elective.

faculty /ˈfæ.kəl.ti/ faculties n
faculté composante U.E.R. U.F.R.
A division of a university.

fad /fæd/ fads n
mode lubie
A phenomenon that becomes popular for a very short time.

fade /feɪd/ fader fadest adj
fade
(archaic) Weak; insipid; tasteless.

fade /feɪd/ v
faner affadir dépérir estomper flétrir
(intransitive) To grow weak; to lose strength; to decay; to perish gradually; to wither, as a plant.
s'estomper affadir
(intransitive) To lose freshness, color, or brightness; to become faint in hue or tint; hence, to be wanting in color.
s'estomper s'évanouir
(intransitive) To sink away; to disappear gradually; to grow dim; to vanish.

fade away v
disparaître s’effacer s’éloigner
To lose strength, become weaker; to wane; to disappear or reduce slowly.

fade out fade outs n
fondu de fermeture
A type of transition used in film, usually at the end of a scene, involving a fade to black from the cut.

faded /ˈfeɪdɪd/ more faded most faded adj
apâli décoloré défraîchi délavé flétri
That has lost some of its former vividness and colour.

fado /ˈfɑːdoʊ/ fados n
Fado fado
A Portuguese folk song, usually featuring a single vocalist, Portuguese guitar and sometimes classical guitar. Lyrical themes are often melancholic in nature; the structure of the song is of greater importance.

faena /fɑˈeɪ.nə/ faenas n
faena
(bullfighting) A series of passes performed by a matador with a muleta or a sword before the kill.

fag /fæɡ/ fags n
pédé tapette pédale fif
(chiefly, US, Canada, vulgar, usually, _, offensive) A homosexual man, especially (usually, _, derogatory) an effeminate or unusual one.
clope
(UK, Ireland, Australia, colloquial, now, offensive, _) A cigarette.

fag break fag breaks n
pause clope
(UK, slang) A brief cessation of work, activity etc. in order to have a cigarette.

fag hag fag hags n
femme à pédés fille à pédés
(sometimes, pejorative, slang, LGBT) A woman who likes the company of gay men.

faggot /ˈfæ.ɡət/ faggots n
fagot
A bundle of pieces of iron or steel cut off into suitable lengths for welding.
(rare, dated, _, in, _, US) A burning or smouldering piece of firewood.

faggotry /ˈfæɡətɹi/ faggotries n
pédalerie
(offensive, pejorative, derogatory, vulgar, slang) The stereotypical behaviours of a faggot (male homosexual) or homosexuality in general.

faham n
faham
The leaves of an orchid (Jumellea fragrans) of the islands of Réunion and Mauritius, used in France as a substitute for Chinese tea.

faience /ˈfaɪ.əns/ faiences n
faïence
A type of tin-glazed earthenware ceramic, used domestically for tableware and in architecture as a decorative material.

fail /feɪl/ v
échouer rater
(intransitive) To be unsuccessful.
faillir échouer rater
(transitive) Not to achieve a particular stated goal. (Usage note: The direct object of this word is usually an infinitive.)
négliger recaler tomber en panne
(transitive) To be wanting to, to be insufficient for, to disappoint, to desert; to disappoint one's expectations.
négliger
To be wanting; to fall short; to be or become deficient in any measure or degree up to total absence.
(archaic) To be affected with want; to come short; to lack; to be deficient or unprovided; used with of.

fail-safe /ˈfeɪlˌseɪf/ fail-safes n
mode dégradé
A device, mechanism or measure designed to make something fail-safe.

failed state failed states n
État en déliquescence État failli
(politics) A state that has failed to meet the basic conditions and responsibilities of a sovereign government; one that has lost physical control of its territory, the ability to provide public services, etc.

failing that adv
autrement dans le cas contraire faute de quoi

faille failles n
faille
A fabric woven from silk, cotton, or rayon with slight ribs.

failure /ˈfeɪ.ljə/ /ˈfeɪ.ljɚ/ failures n
échec
State or condition of not meeting a desirable or intended objective, opposite of success.
daube flop navet raté
An object, person or endeavour in a state of failure or incapable of success.
panne échec
Termination of the ability of an item to perform its required function; breakdown.

failure to thrive failures to thrive n
retard de croissance
(medicine, chiefly, geriatrics) Abnormal weight loss, malaise.

fain /feɪn/ fainer fainest adv
volontiers
(archaic) With joy; gladly.

faint /feɪnt/ fainter faintest adj
faible
(of a being) Lacking strength; weak; languid; inclined to lose consciousness
Performed, done, or acted, weakly; not exhibiting vigor, strength, or energy
faible craintif timoré
Lacking courage, spirit, or energy; cowardly; dejected

faint /feɪnt/ faints n
évanouissement
The act of fainting, syncope.

faint /feɪnt/ v
s'évanouir pâmer
(intransitive) To lose consciousness through a lack of oxygen or nutrients to the brain, usually as a result of suddenly reduced blood flow (may be caused by emotional trauma, loss of blood or various medical conditions).
(intransitive) To decay; to disappear; to vanish.

faint-hearted more faint-hearted most faint-hearted adj
timoré
Lacking courage; timid

fainting /ˈfeɪntɪŋ/ faintings n
syncope évanouissement
An act of collapsing into a state of temporary unconsciousness.

faintly /ˈfeɪntli/ faintlier faintliest adv
faiblement
In a faint manner; very quietly or lightly.

fair /feː(ə)/ /fɛə/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛː/ /fɪə/ fairer fairest adj
beau innocent belle joli
Unblemished (figuratively or literally); clean and pure; innocent.
blond clair
Light in color, pale, particularly with regard to skin tone but also referring to blond hair.
juste équitable
Just, equitable.

fair /feː(ə)/ /fɛə/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛː/ /fɪə/ fairs n
foire
A community gathering to celebrate and exhibit local achievements.
An event for professionals in a trade to learn of new products and do business, a trade fair.
foire marché
An event for public entertainment and trade, a market.

fair and square more fair and square most fair and square adv
à la loyale
Totally fairly and undoubtedly.
Within the applicable rules.

fair enough interjection
certes d'accord qu'à cela ne tienne soit
(idiomatic) An expression used to concede a point; denotes that, upon consideration, something is correct or reasonable; an expression of acknowledgment or understanding.
Used to stop somebody talking or an argument.

fair game n
cible légitime
(idiomatic) A goal or an object that may legitimately be sought.

fair play n
fair-play fairplay franc-jeu
Good behavior; conduct (in sports or another endeavor) that is respectful of the rules, the spirit of the activity, and the adversary.

fair sex n
beau sexe gent féminine sexe faible
(idiom, dated, now, sometimes, offensive) Women collectively.

fair trade fair trades n
commerce équitable
(uncountable) A system of trading promoting more equitable global trade, especially to sellers and producers in poorer areas, but also to the environment.

fair trial fair trials n
procès équitable

fair use fair uses n
usage équitable
(copyright law) A doctrine in intellectual property law that permits one party to make use of another party's protected intellectual property (such as a copyright or trademark) under narrowly defined circumstances.

fair value fair values n
juste prix juste valeur valeur actuelle

fair wind fair winds n
vent favorable
(nautical) A favourable wind, i.e. one blowing in the desired direction of travel for the vessel.

fair's fair phraseologicalUnit
donnant donnant
An expression used when asking for fair or just treatment, or when asserting that a situation is fair.

fair-haired boy fair-haired boys n
chouchou
(idiomatic, US, Australia) Someone's favourite, especially a young one; a blue-eyed boy (British), (Australian)

fairing /ˈfɛəɹɪŋ/ /ˈfɛɹɪŋ/ fairings n
carénage fuselage
A structure on various parts of a vehicle, for example an aircraft, automobile, or motorcycle, that produces a smooth exterior and reduces drag. [from 20th c.]

fairlead fairleads n
fil conducteur filoir
(nautical) A device to guide a line, rope or cable around an object or out of the way, or to stop it from moving laterally

fairly /ˈfɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈfɛɹ.li/ more fairly most fairly adv
justement
(manner) In a fair manner; fair; not biased or skewed or favouring a certain party
assez
(degree) Partly, not fully; somewhat.

fairness /ˈfɛəɹ.nəs/ fairnesses n
justice
The property of being fair or equitable.

fairway /ˈfɛəweɪ/ /ˈfɛɹweɪ/ fairways n
parcours libre entre tee et green
(golf) The area between the tee and the green, where the grass is cut short.

fairy /ˈfeːɹi/ /ˈfɛə̯ɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ /ˈfɛːɹi/ fairies n
fée féetaud
A mythical being with magical powers, known in many sizes and descriptions, although often depicted in modern illustrations only as a small sprite with gauze-like wings, and revered in some modern forms of paganism.
tapette folle
(Northern England, US, derogatory, colloquial) A male homosexual, especially one who is effeminate.

fairy ballet fairy ballets n
ballet-féerie

fairy godmother fairy godmothers n
fée marraine
In certain fairy tales, a fictional benevolent woman with magical powers who uses them to help the cause of the protagonist.
donateur
(by extension) Any generous benefactor.

fairy opera fairy operas n
opéra-féerie

fairy ring fairy rings n
rond de sorcière cercle des fées
(mycology, botany) A ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium.

fairy tale fairy tales n
conte de fées conte de fée conte
A folktale or literary story featuring fairies or similar fantasy characters.

fairyland fairylands n
pays des fées royaume des fées
The imaginary land or abode of fairies.

fairywren fairywrens n
mérion
Any of the small passerine birds of the tribe Malurini in the family Maluridae of Australasian wrens.

fait accompli /ˌfeɪt.əˈkɔm.pli/ /ˌfeɪt.əˌkɔmˈpli/ faits accomplis n
fait accompli
An accomplished fact, something that has already occurred.

faith /feɪθ/ faiths n
foi confiance
A trust or confidence in the intentions or abilities of a person, object, or ideal from prior empirical evidence.
foi croyance
A religious or spiritual belief system.
(obsolete) Credibility or truth.

faith healer faith healers n
guérisseur
One who uses spiritual means (such as prayer or laying on of hands) in an attempt to heal others.

faith will move mountains proverb
la foi transporte les montagnes
Belief in oneself (read sometimes as belief in God) can help one overcome any hurdle in life's path.

faithful /ˈfeɪθ.fəl/ more faithful most faithful adj
fidèle loyal
Loyal; adhering firmly to person or cause.
fidèle
Having faith.
Reliable; worthy of trust.

faithfulness faithfulnesses n
fidélité
The state of being faithful

fajita /fəˈhiːtə/ fajitas n
fajita
A Tex-Mex dish of strips of spicy marinated meat and/or vegetables in a soft flour tortilla, often served with salad or a savoury filling.

fake /feɪ̯k/ faker fakest more fake most fake adj
factice faux artificiel contrefait falsifié feint
Not real; false, fraudulent

fake /feɪ̯k/ fakes n
contrefaçon faux
Something which is not genuine, or is presented fraudulently.

fake /feɪ̯k/ v
fausser
(transitive) To make a counterfeit, to counterfeit, to forge, to falsify.
lover
(nautical) To coil (a rope, line, or hawser), by winding alternately in opposite directions, in layers usually of zigzag or figure of eight form, to prevent twisting when running out.

fakelore n
fakelore
Manufactured folklore presented as if it were genuinely traditional.

fakir /fɑˈkiɹ/ /fəˈkiɹ/ /fəˈkɪəɹ/ /ˈfeɪkəɹ/ fakirs n
fakir
(Hinduism, more, _, loosely) An ascetic mendicant, especially one who performs feats of endurance or apparent magic.

falafel /fəˈlæfəl/ /fəˈlɑfəl/ /fəˈlɑːfəl/ /fəˈlɒfəl/ falafel falafels n
falafel falafels
(uncountable) A Middle Eastern food in the form of balls made from chickpeas or broad beans and other ingredients, often served in a pita.
falafel
(countable) A single falafel ball.

falanouc falanoucs n
falanouk
A rare mongoose-like euplerid mammal of Malagasy (Eupleres goudotii).

falchion /ˈfɑlt͡ʃən/ /ˈfɔlt͡ʃən/ /ˈfɔːlʃən/ falchions n
fauchon
(also, attributively) A somewhat curved, single-edged medieval sword of European origin, with the cutting edge on its convex side, whose design is reminiscent of the Persian scimitar and the Chinese dao.

falciform /ˈfæl.sɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈfæl.sɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈfɒl.sɪ.fɔːm/ more falciform most falciform adj
falciforme
Sickle-shaped.

falcon /ˈfoːlkən/ /ˈfælkən/ /ˈfɑːlkən/ /ˈfɒlkən/ /ˈfɔː(l)kən/ /ˈfɛlkən/ falcons n
faucon
Any bird of the genus Falco, all of which are birds of prey.

falconer /ˈfælkənɚ/ /ˈfɒl.kən.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔːk.nə(ɹ)/ falconers n
fauconnier
A person who breeds or trains hawks or other birds of prey for taking birds or game.

falconry falconries n
fauconnerie
The sport of hunting by using trained birds of prey, especially falcons and hawks.

faldstool faldstools n
faldistoire
A portable, folding chair used by a bishop when away from his throne.

fall /fo(ː)l/ /fɑl/ /fɔl/ /fɔːl/ falls n
chute
The act of moving to a lower position under the effect of gravity.
chute déclin
(chiefly, North America, archaic in Britain) The time of the year when the leaves typically fall from the trees; autumn; the season of the year between the autumnal equinox and the winter solstice. [from 16th c.]
A loss of greatness or status.

fall /fo(ː)l/ /fɑl/ /fɔl/ /fɔːl/ v
tomber chuter choir
To move to a lower position under the effect of gravity.
tomber descendre
To come down, to drop or descend.
mourir tomber
(intransitive, formal, euphemistic) To die, especially in battle or by disease.
tomber renversé
(intransitive) To collapse; to be overthrown or defeated.
(intransitive, obsolete) To issue forth into life; to be brought forth; said of the young of certain animals.
tomber incomber revenir renversé retomber
(intransitive) To be allotted to; to arrive through chance, fate, or inheritance.
tomber devenir
(intransitive) To descend in character or reputation; to become degraded; to sink into vice, error, or sin.

fall apart v
tomber en morceaux
To disintegrate, to break into pieces.

fall armyworm fall armyworms n
légionnaire d'automne noctuelle américaine du maïs
The larval life stage of the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda), which is highly destructive of food crops and grasses.

fall asleep v
endormir
To pass from a state of wakefulness into sleep.

fall back v
se rabattre se replier
To retreat.

fall behind v
être en retard
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be late (for a regular event)

fall by the wayside /ˈfɔl baɪ ðə ˈweɪˌsaɪd/ /ˈfɔːl baɪ ðə ˈweɪsaɪd/ v
rester sur le carreau être sur le carreau
(idiomatic) To fail to be completed, particularly for lack of interest; to be left out, to suffer from neglect.

fall down v
tomber
(intransitive) To fall to the ground. To collapse.

fall flat v
tomber à plat
To produce no effect; to fail in the intended effect.

fall for v
tomber dans le panneau tomber dans le piège
(idiomatic) To be fooled by; to walk into (a trap) or respond to (a scam or trick).
s’enamourer s’énamourer
(idiomatic) To fall in love with.

fall from grace v
tomber en disgrâce
(figuratively, idiomatic) To fall from one's current social position to something lower, to lose one's prestige, status or power.

fall guy fall guys n
poire
(informal) One who is gullible and easily duped.
lampiste pigeon
(informal) A scapegoat.

fall ill v
tomber malade
To become ill, to get sick, to sicken.

fall in line v
rentrer dans le rang

fall in love v
tomber amoureuse de tomber amoureux de
tomber amoureux tomber amoureuse s'amouracher
(intransitive, of a person, animate object following “with”) To come to have feelings of love, particularly romantic love.
tomber amoureux tomber amoureuse
(intransitive, reciprocal) To come to have feelings of love towards each other.

fall into place v
se mettre en place se réaliser se résoudre de soi-même
(idiomatic) To assume a clear and complete form when separate elements come together; to be fully realized at last.

fall of man n
chute de l'Homme

fall off a truck v
tombé du camion

fall off the wagon v
replonger
(idiomatic) To cease or fail at a regimen of self-improvement or reform; to lapse back into an old habit or addiction.

fall on deaf ears v
tomber dans l'oreille d'un sourd
(intransitive, figuratively) To be ignored.

fall on someone's neck v
sauter au cou
(dated, idiomatic) To embrace someone affectionately or thankfully.

fall out v
brouiller
(intransitive, idiomatic) To cease to be on friendly terms.

fall out of love v
désaimer
To cease to be in love (with someone).

fall pregnant v
tomber enceinte
(intransitive, formal, or, literary) To become pregnant.

fall short /foːl ʃoːt/ /fɔl ʃoɹt/ v
être en deçà de
(idiomatic) to be less satisfactory than expected; to be inadequate or insufficient

fall through v
tomber à l’eau
(intransitive, idiomatic) To be unsuccessful, come to nothing; to be cancelled; not to proceed.

fall to pieces v
tomber en miettes
To break into a number of segments; to collapse.
s'effondrer
(figurative) To be emotionally devastated; to break down.

fallacious /fə.ˈleɪ.ʃəs/ more fallacious most fallacious adj
fallacieux
Characterized by fallacy; false or mistaken.

fallacy /ˈfæl.ə.si/ fallacies n
tromperie
Deceptive or false appearance; that which misleads the eye or the mind.
sophisme
(logic) An argument, or apparent argument, which professes to be decisive of the matter at issue, while in reality it is not; a specious argument.

fallback /ˈfɔːl.bæk/ fallbacks n
plan B plan de repli solution de repli
A backup plan or contingency strategy; an alternative which can be used if something goes wrong with the main plan; a recourse.

fallen angel fallen angels n
ange déchu
(Christianity, Islam) An angel who rebelled against God and was exiled from heaven.

fallibilism /ˈfælɪbɪlɪzəm/ fallibilisms n
faillibilisme
The doctrine that knowledge is never certain, but always hypothetical and susceptible to correction.

fallibility /fæləˈbɪləti/ fallibilities n
faillibilité
The state of being prone to error.

fallible /ˈfa.lɪ.b(ə)l/ /ˈfæ.lə.bəl/ more fallible most fallible adj
faillible
Capable of making mistakes or being wrong.

falling sickness n
haut mal
(archaic) Epilepsy.

fallout /ˈfɔlˌaʊt/ /ˈfɔːlaʊt/ fallouts n
retombées
The event of small airborne particles falling to the ground in significant quantities as a result of major industrial activity, volcano eruption, sandstorm, nuclear explosion, etc.
retombées répercussions
A negative side effect; an undesirable or unexpected consequence.

fallout shelter fallout shelters n
abri anti-atomique
A thick-walled building, usually under the ground, built so that people can keep away from dust after a nuclear explosion.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ more fallow most fallow adj
friche jachère
(of agricultural land) Left unworked and uncropped for some amount of time.
friche
(figurative) Inactive; undeveloped.

fallow /ˈfæloʊ/ /ˈfæləʊ/ fallows n
jachère
(agriculture, uncountable) Ground ploughed and harrowed but left unseeded for one year.
friche
(agriculture, uncountable) Uncultivated land.

fallow deer /ˈfæl.əʊˌdɪə/ fallow deer n
daim
A ruminant mammal (Dama dama) belonging to the family Cervidae.

false /fɑls/ /fɒls/ /fɔls/ /fɔːls/ [fɒʊs] [fɔɫs] falser falsest adj
faux incorrect
Untrue, not factual, factually incorrect.
faux artificiel
Spurious, artificial.
faux
(logic) Of a state in Boolean logic that indicates a negative result.

false alarm false alarms n
fausse alarme
(idiomatic, by extension) A thing or occurrence which initially causes fear, distress, etc. but which is subsequently recognized as being no cause for concern.
fausse alarme fausse alerte
(archaic, idiomatic) A person who pretends to be more accomplished or a thing that seems to be of higher quality than is later found to be the case.

false analogy false analogies n
fausse analogie
(logic) An informal fallacy applying to inductive arguments, in which the similarity in one respect of two concepts, objects, or events is taken as sufficient to establish that they are similar in another respect in which they actually are dissimilar.

false bottom false bottoms n
double-fond
An internal partition in a container, typically at the bottom, enabling the concealment of objects from a cursory examination of the item's contents.

false chanterelle false chanterelles n
chanterelle orangée fausse chanterelle fausse girolle
A non-poisonous, but dull-tasting mushroom that resembles chanterelle; Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca.

false dawn false dawns n
lumière zodiacale
A thin ambient light which precedes true dawn, typically by around an hour, in certain parts of the world.

false dichotomy /dɪ-/ /fɑls-/ /fɒls-/ /ˌfɔls daɪˈkɑtəmi/ /ˌfɔːls daɪˈkɒtəmi/ [-ɾə-] false dichotomies n
fausse dichotomie faux dilemme
(rhetoric) A situation in which two alternative points of view are presented as the only options, when others are available.

false flag false flags n
opération sous fausse bannière opération sous faux drapeau opération sous faux pavillon
(espionage, military, politics) A diversionary or propaganda tactic of deceiving an adversary into thinking that an operation was carried out by another party.

false friend /ˌfɑls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɒls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔls ˈfɹɛnd/ /ˌfɔːls ˈfɹɛnd/ false friends n
faux-ami faux ami
(linguistics, translation studies, lexicography) A word in a language that bears a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language but in fact has a different meaning.

false imprisonment false imprisonments n
séquestration
(legal) The intentional restriction of a person's movement within any area without legal authority, justification, or the restrained person's permission.

false modesty false modesties n
fausse modestie
Behavior that is intended to seem humble but comes across as fake and unflattering.

false negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈfɑls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɒls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ /ˈfɔːls ˈnɛɡətɪv/ false negatives n
faux négatif
A result of a test that shows as absent something that is present.

false positive false positives n
fausse alerte faux positif
A result of a test that shows as present something that is absent.

false start false starts n
faux départ
(sports) The act of an athlete starting a race before being signaled to do so.

false teeth n
dentier denture artificielle

false trevally false trevallies n
chanos chanos péliau
A fish of the species Lactarius lactarius.

false vacuum false vacua false vacuums n
faux vide
(physics, quantum field theory) A (hypothetical) metastable vacuum whose energy state is at a local minimum different from the global minimum; a vacuum that is relatively stable and long-lived but which still may decay to a lower-energy state.

false witness false witnesses n
faux témoin
(countable) A perjurer; a deceptive or misleading witness.
faux témoignage
(uncountable, countable) Deceptive public statements.

falsehood /ˈfɒlsˌhʊd/ falsehoods n
fausseté
(uncountable) The property of being false.
mensonge contrevérité
(countable) A false statement, especially an intentional one; a lie.

falsely more falsely most falsely adv
faussement
In a false manner.

falsetto /fɒlˈsɛt.əʊ/ /fɔlˈsɛt.oʊ/ /fɔɫˈsɛɾ.oʊ/ /fɔːlˈsɛt.əʊ/ falsettos n
fausset
(singing, uncountable) The "false" (singing) voice in any human, usually airy and lacking a purity of vowels; created by utilizing the next highest vocal folds above those used for speech and normal range singing. It is commonly confused with the head voice register.

falsework falseworks n
cintre
(engineering) A temporary framework used in the building of bridges and arched structures in order to hold items in place until the structure is able to support itself.
ouvrage provisoire échafaudage de soutien étaiement étayage étayement
(engineering) Scaffolding, a temporary frame serving to support and brace a building under construction until it can stand alone.

falsifiability falsifiabilities n
falsifiabilité
The quality of being falsifiable.

falsifiable more falsifiable most falsifiable adj
falsifiable
Capable of being falsified or forged.
(epistemology) The demarcation criterion between scientific and non-scientific statements proposed by Karl Popper. In order to be ranked as scientific, statements or systems of statements must be contradicted by an intersubjective singular existential statement, also called a basic statement, and not be contradicted by another, that is, they must also be logically possible.

falsification falsifications n
falsification
The act of falsifying, or making false; a counterfeiting; the giving to a thing an appearance of something which it is not.

falsificationism n
falsificationnisme
(epistemology) A scientific philosophy based on the requirement that hypotheses must be falsifiable in order to be scientific; if a claim is not able to be refuted it is not a scientific claim.

falsifier falsifiers n
falsificateur falsificatrice
One that falsifies.

falsify /ˈfɒlsɪfaɪ/ v
falsifier
(transitive) To alter so as to make false; to make incorrect.

falsity /ˈfɑl.sɪ.ti/ /ˈfɒl.sɪ.ti/ /ˈfɔl.sɪ.ti/ /ˈfɔːl.sɪ.ti/ [ˈfɑl.sɪ.ɾi] [ˈfɒʊ.sɪ.ɾi] [ˈfɔɫ.sɪ.ɾi] falsities n
fausseté
(countable) Something that is false; an untrue assertion.
(uncountable) The characteristic of being untrue.

falter /ˈfɑl.tɚ/ /ˈfɒl.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔl.tɚ/ /ˈfɔːl.tə(ɹ)/ v
vaciller
To waver or be unsteady; to weaken or trail off.

fame /feɪm/ fames n
célébrité gloire
The state of being famous or well-known and spoken of.

familial /fəˈmɪljəl/ adj
familial
Of or pertaining to any grouping of things referred to as a family.

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/ /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/ /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/ /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/ more familiar most familiar adj
familier
Known to one, or generally known; commonplace.
Intimate or friendly.

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/ /fəˈmɪl.i.ɚ/ /fəˈmɪl.jɚ/ /fɚˈmɪl.jɚ/ familiars n
familier esprit familier
(witchcraft) An attendant spirit, often in animal or demon form.

familiarity /fəmɪliˈæɹɪti/ /fəmɪˈljæɹɪti/ familiarities n
familiarité
The state of being extremely friendly; intimacy.
Undue intimacy; inappropriate informality, impertinence.
An instance of familiar behaviour.

familiarization familiarizations n
familiarisation
The act, process or result of familiarizing.

familiarize /fəˈmɪliəraɪ̯z/ /fəˈmɪljəraɪ̯z/ v
familiariser
(ambitransitive) To make or become familiar with something or someone.

family /ˈfæm(ə)li/ /ˈfæm(ɪ)li/ /ˈfæmɪli/ /ˈfɛm(ɘ)li/ families n
famille
(countable) A nuclear family: a mother and father who are married and cohabiting and their child or children.
(countable) A (close-knit) group of people related by blood, friendship, marriage, law, or custom, especially if they live or work together.
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below order and above genus; a taxon at that rank.
(countable, music) A group of instruments having the same basic method of tone production.
(countable, linguistics) A group of languages believed to have descended from the same ancestral language.

family business family businesses n
entreprise familiale
A business whose owners are all members of the same family.

family car family cars n
familiale voiture familiale
a car that is suitable for and large enough for a family.

family friend family friends n
ami de la famille

family home evening family home evenings n
soirée familiale
(Mormonism) An evening, usually Monday, set apart once a week for family activity such as lessons, games, and prayer.

family jewels n
bijoux de famille
(idiomatic, euphemistic) Testicles.

family law n
droit de la famille
(law) The area of private law pertaining to family matters and domestic relations.

family man family men n
père de famille
An adult male with a spouse and children to whose well-being he is dedicated.

family member family members n
parent
A person belonging to a particular family; a close relative or relation.

family planning n
planning familial planification familiale
Birth control, especially when carried out by monogamous heterosexual couples.

family resemblance family resemblances n
air de famille
Physical similarities shared between close relatives, especially between parents and children and between siblings.
ressemblance familiale
(philosophy) One of a series of overlapping similarities between two or more comparanda.

family restaurant family restaurants n
restaurant familial
An eating establishment that serves relatively simple food at reasonable prices, and welcomes children as well as adults.

family reunification family reunifications n
regroupement familial

family reunion family reunions n
réunion de famille
An infrequent gathering of family members or distant relatives who are usually geographically separated.

family tree family trees n
arbre généalogique
A diagrammatic representation of a pedigree, illustrating the connections between a person's ancestors, offspring and other relatives

famine /ˈfæmɪn/ famines n
famine
(countable) A period of extreme shortage of food in a region.

famished /ˈfæmɪʃt/ more famished most famished adj
affamé
Extremely hungry.

famous /ˈfeɪməs/ famouser famousest more famous most famous adj
célèbre fameux
Well known.
célèbre
In the public eye.

fan /fæn/ [feən] [fɛən] [fɛːn] fans n
éventail
A hand-held device consisting of concertinaed material, or slats of material, gathered together at one end, that may be opened out into the shape of a sector of a circle and waved back and forth in order to move air towards oneself and cool oneself.
Anything resembling a hand-held fan in shape, e.g., a peacock’s tail.
supporteur fan admirateur admiratrice
A person who is fond of something or someone, especially an admirer of a performer or aficionado of a sport.
ventilateur
An electrical or mechanical device for moving air, used for cooling people, machinery, etc.

fan /fæn/ [feən] [fɛən] [fɛːn] v
éventer
(transitive) To blow air on (something) by means of a fan (hand-held, mechanical or electrical) or otherwise.
disperser
(intransitive, usually to fan out) To move or spread in multiple directions from one point, in the shape of a hand-held fan.

fan fiction /fæn fɪkʃən/ fan fictions n
fanfiction
(dated, fandom slang, uncountable) Fiction about fans and fandom created by members of fandom.

fanam fanams n
fanon fanons
(historical) An obsolete currency once used in India.

fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ more fanatic most fanatic adj
fanatique
Fanatical.

fanatic /fəˈnæt.ɪk/ fanatics n
fanatique
A person who is zealously enthusiastic for some cause, especially in religion.

fanatical /fəˈnætɪkəl/ more fanatical most fanatical adj
fanatique
Having an extreme, irrational zeal or enthusiasm for a specific cause.

fanatically more fanatically most fanatically adv
fanatiquement
In a fanatical manner; with extreme, irrational zeal or enthusiasm.

fanaticism /fəˈnæt.ɪ.sɪ.zəm/ [fəˈnæɾ.ɪ.sɪ.zm̩] fanaticisms n
fanatisme
The characteristic or practice of being a fanatic.

fanciful /ˈfænsɪfəl/ more fanciful most fanciful adj
fantaisiste imaginaire
Unreal or imagined.

fancy /ˈfæn.si/ fancier fanciest adj
fantaisie
Decorative, or featuring decorations, especially intricate or diverse ones.
de fantaisie
Of a superior grade.

fancy-free more fancy-free most fancy-free adj
célibataire
Having no spouse or other partner

fandango /ˈfæn.dæŋ.ɡəʊ/ fandangoes fandangos n
fandango fandangue
(music, dance) A form of lively flamenco music and dance that has many regional variations (e.g. fandango de Huelva), some of which have their own names (e.g. malagueña, granadina). [from mid 18th c.]

fanfare /ˈfænfɛə/ /ˈfænfɛəɹ/ fanfares n
fanfare
(countable) A flourish of trumpets or horns as to announce; a short and lively air performed on hunting horns during the chase.

fang /feɪŋ/ /fæŋ/ fangs n
croc
A long, pointed canine tooth used for biting and tearing flesh.
crochet
A long pointed tooth in snakes, for injecting venom.

fanlight fanlights n
fenêtre en éventail
a semicircular or semioval window over a door or other window, normally having a fan-like structure of ribs; sometimes hinged to the transom

fanny pack /ˈfæni pæk/ fanny packs n
banane
(North America) A small fabric pouch secured with a zipper and worn at the waist by a strap around the hips.

fanorona n
fanorona
The national game of Madagascar, a board game similar to checkers/draughts

fanservice n
fan service
(fandom slang, chiefly, ACG, often, _, derogatory) The inclusion in a work of fiction of material, especially of a racy or sexual nature, which may or may not have relevance to the storyline and is designed merely to excite the viewer.

fanslator fanslators n
traducteur amateur
(informal) A person or online group that carries out fanslation.

fansub /ˈfænˌsʌb/ fansubs n
fansub
Subtitles translated by amateurs.

fansub /ˈfænˌsʌb/ v
fansuber
(intransitive) To translate subtitles as an amateur.

fantasia /-ˈtɑː-/ /fænˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /fænˈteɪ.zɪ.ə/ /fænˈteɪ.ʒə/ /ˌfæn.təˈziː.ə/ fantasias n
fantaisie
(music, also, figurative) A form of instrumental composition with a free structure and improvisational characteristics; specifically, one combining a number of well-known musical pieces. [from early 18th c.]

fantasize /ˈfæntəˌsaɪz/ v
fantasmer
(intransitive) To indulge in fantasy; to imagine things only possible in fantasy.

fantasizer fantasizers n
fantasmeur
someone who indulges in fantasies

fantastic /fænˈtæstɪk/ more fantastic most fantastic adj
fantastique
Existing in or constructed from fantasy; of or relating to fantasy; fanciful.
Not believable; implausible; seemingly only possible in fantasy.
Wonderful; marvelous; excellent; extraordinarily good or great (used especially as an intensifier).

fantastically more fantastically most fantastically adv
fantastiquement
In a fantastic manner.
To an extent only in fantasy; outrageously; ridiculously.

fantasy /ˈfæntəsi/ /ˈfæntəzi/ fantasies n
fantaisie fantasme imaginaire
That which comes from one's imagination.
fantaisie fantasy
(literature) The literary genre generally dealing with themes of magic and the supernatural, imaginary worlds and creatures, etc.

fanzine /ˈfænˌziːn/ fanzines n
dōjinshi fanzine
A magazine, normally produced by amateurs, intended for people who share a common interest

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthermost farthest further furthermost furthest adj
lointain reculé éloigné
Distant; remote in space.
reculé
Remote in time.
extrême
Extreme, as measured from some central or neutral position.
Extreme, as a difference in nature or quality.

far /fɑɹ/ /fɑː/ farther farthest further furthest adv
loin lointain
To, from or over a great distance in space, time or other extent.

far and wide adv
partout
Over a great distance or large area; nearly everywhere.

far be it v
loin de moi [[l']]idée/[[l']]intention de

far from adv
loin de
In no way, Not at all.

far left n
extrême gauche
The most radical part of the political left wing.

far point far points n
punctum remotum
The most distant point at which the eye can focus (usually infinity, but nearer for a myopic eye).

far post far posts n
deuxième poteau
(soccer, idiomatic) The goalpost furthest from where a cross is made.

far right /ˌfɑɹ ˈɹaɪt/ /ˌfɑː ˈɹʌɪt/ n
extrême droite
(politics) The most right-wing or conservative part of a political faction or grouping.

far-fetched farther-fetched farthest-fetched further-fetched furthest-fetched more far-fetched most far-fetched adj
tiré par les cheveux abracadabrant à dormir debout
Implausible; not likely; difficult to believe.

far-right /ˈfɑɹˌɹaɪt/ /ˈfɑːˌɹʌɪt/ more far-right most far-right adj
extrême-droitier
(politics) Extremely right-wing.

farad /ˈfæɹæd/ /ˈfæɹəd/ farads n
farad
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical capacitance; the capacitance of a capacitor in which one coulomb of charge causes a potential difference of one volt across the capacitor. Symbol: F

farandole farandoles n
farandole
A lively chain dance in 6/8 time, of Provençal origin.

farce /fɑɹs/ /fɑːs/ farces n
farce
(countable) A motion picture or play featuring this style of humor.
(uncountable) A situation abounding with ludicrous incidents.
(uncountable) A ridiculous or empty show.

farcical /ˈfɑː(ɹ)sɪkəl/ more farcical most farcical adj
burlesque farfelu grotesque ridicule risible
Resembling a farce; ludicrous; absurd.

farcinous more farcinous most farcinous adj
farcineux

fare /fɛə(ɹ)/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛɹ/ fares n
tarif prix
(countable) Money paid for a transport ticket.
passager
(countable) A paying passenger, especially in a taxi.

fare /fɛə(ɹ)/ /fɛɚ/ /fɛɹ/ v
se passer
(intransitive) To get along, succeed (well or badly); to be in any state, or pass through any experience, good or bad; to be attended with any circumstances or train of events.

fare dodger fare dodgers n
resquilleur resquilleuse
A person who deliberately avoids payment for public transport.

farewell /fæɹˈwɛl/ /fɑːɹˈwɛl/ /fɛəˈwɛl/ /fɛɚˈwɛl/ farewells n
adieu
A wish of happiness or safety at parting, especially a permanent departure.

farewell /fæɹˈwɛl/ /fɑːɹˈwɛl/ /fɛəˈwɛl/ /fɛɚˈwɛl/ v
dire adieu faire ses adieux prendre congé
To bid farewell or say goodbye.

farinaceous /ˌfæɹəˈneɪʃəs/ more farinaceous most farinaceous adj
farinacé
Having a floury texture; grainy.

farm /fɑːm/ /fɑːɹm/ farms n
ferme domaine exploitation agricole
A place where agricultural and similar activities take place, especially the growing of crops or the raising of livestock.

farm shop farm shops n
magasin à la ferme magasin de produits fermiers

farmboy farmboys n
garçon de ferme
A boy or young man who works on a farm, especially one who is growing up there as a child of the farmer.

farmer /ˈfɑɹ.mɚ/ /ˈfɑː.mə(ɹ)/ farmers n
fermier agriculteur agricultrice fermière cultivateur cultivatrice
A person who works the land and/or who keeps livestock; anyone engaged in agriculture on a farm#Noun.

farmers' market farmers' markets n
marché du terroir
A market where farmers and growers sell produce directly to the public.

farmhand farmhands n
ouvrier agricole
Synonym of farmworker

farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ /ˈfɑːɹmlænd/ farmlands n
terres agricoles
Land that is suitable for farming and agricultural production.

farmyard farmyards n
basse-cour

faro /ˈfɛəɹəʊ/ n
pharaon
(card games) A game of chance played by betting on the order in which certain cards will appear when taken singly from the top of the pack.

farrago /fəˈɹeɪɡoʊ/ /fəˈɹɑːɡoʊ/ farragoes farragos n
fatras mélange méli-mélo
A collection containing a confused variety of miscellaneous things.

farrier /ˈfæɹi.ə/ /ˈfæɹi.ɚ/ /ˈfɛɹi.ɚ/ farriers n
maréchal-ferrant maréchale-ferrante
A person who maintains the health and balance of horses' feet through the trimming of the hoof and fitting of horseshoes.

farriery /ˈfɛɹi.ə.ɹi/ farrieries n
maréchalerie
(uncountable) The work done by a farrier.
(countable) A farrier's workshop.

farsighted more farsighted most farsighted adj
hypermétrope
Unable to focus with one's eyes on near objects; presbyopic.
prévoyant
Considering the future with respect to one's own plans or deeds; showing anticipation.

farsightedness n
hypermétropie
(pathology) The condition of being unable to focus on near objects; presbyopia.

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ farts n
pet vesse
(informal, impolite) An emission of digestive gases from the anus; a flatus. [from 15th c.]

fart /fɑɹt/ /fɑːt/ v
péter lâcher Médor avoir des gaz faire un pet faire un prout lâcher une caisse
(informal, impolite, intransitive) To emit digestive gases from the anus; to flatulate.

farter farters n
péteur péteuse
(dialectal) One who ambles along slowly.

farthing /ˈfɑː(ɹ).ðɪŋ/ farthings n
farthing
(historical) Former British unit of currency worth one-quarter of an old penny; or a coin representing this.

farthingale /ˈfɑɹðɪŋɡeɪl/ /ˈfɑːðɪŋɡeɪl/ farthingales n
crinoline
(historical) A hooped structure in cloth worn to extend the skirt of women's dresses; a hooped petticoat.

fasces /ˈfæsiːz/ n
faisceau
A Roman symbol of judicial authority consisting of a bundle of wooden sticks, with an axe blade embedded in the centre; used also as a symbol of fascism.

fascial /ˈfeɪʃəl/ /ˈfæʃiəl/ adj
fascial
Relating to a fascia.

fasciated antshrike fasciated antshrikes n
batara fascié
A passerine bird of the antbird family, in species Cymbilaimus lineatus (formerly Lanius lineatus).

fascicle /ˈfæs.ɪ.kəl/ fascicles n
fascicule

fasciculation fasciculations n
fasciculation
(anatomy, muscles) (toxicology, venoms) An involuntary muscle twitch, usually localised and temporary, but that may be intensified and prolonged fatally by particular poisons and venoms such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

fascicule fascicules n
fascicule
An installment of a printed work, a fascicle.

fasciitis /fæʃiˈaɪtɪs/ n
fasciite
(medicine) Inflammation of the fascia.

fascinate /ˈfæsɪneɪt/ v
fasciner
To evoke an intense interest or attraction in someone.
To make someone hold motionless; to spellbind.
To be irresistibly charming or attractive to.

fascinated /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd/ more fascinated most fascinated adj
fasciné
extremely interested

fascinating /ˈfæsɪˌneɪtɪŋ/ more fascinating most fascinating adj
fascinant passionnant
Having interesting qualities; captivating; attractive.

fascination /fæsɪˈneɪʃən/ fascinations n
fascination
(archaic) The act of bewitching, or enchanting
The state or condition of being fascinated.

fascine /fæ-/ /fəˈsin/ /fəˈsiːn/ /fɛˈsiːn/ fascines n
fascine
(specifically, military, _, fortification) A similar bundle of sticks of wood or plastic pipes used for filling in ditches for armoured fighting vehicles to drive over, and for making parapets, raising batteries, and strengthening ramparts.

fascine knife fascine knives n
coupe-chou
(historical, military) A large, heavy knife or short sword used as a sidearm and tool by 17th to 19th century infantry and artillery.

fascism /ˈfæʃɪz(ə)m/ fascisms n
fascisme
Any right-wing, authoritarian, nationalist ideology characterized by centralized, totalitarian governance, strong regimentation of the economy and society, and repression of criticism or opposition. [1922]

fascist /ˈfæʃɪst/ more fascist most fascist adj
fasciste facho
Of or relating to fascism.
Supporting the principles of fascism.

fascist /ˈfæʃɪst/ fascists n
fasciste Nazi
A proponent of fascism.

fascistization n
fascisation
(fascism) The process of making or becoming fascist.

fascistoid more fascistoid most fascistoid adj
fascistoïde
Resembling fascism.

fashion /ˈfæʃən/ fashions n
mode vogue
(countable) A current (constantly changing) trend, favored for frivolous rather than practical, logical, or intellectual reasons.
façon
(countable) A style or manner in which something is done.

fashion /ˈfæʃən/ v
façonner
To make, build or construct, especially in a crude or improvised way.

fashion designer fashion designers n
couturier styliste
Someone who designs clothing professionally.

fashion show fashion shows n
défilé de mode
An event at which fashionable clothes are modelled for an audience.

fashionable /ˈfæʃənəbl̩/ more fashionable most fashionable adj
à la mode en vogue fashionable
Characteristic of or influenced by a current popular trend or style.

fashionista /ˌfæ.ʃəˈni.stə/ /ˌfæ.ʃəˈnɪ.stə/ fashionistas n
fashionista
A person who dresses according to the trends of fashion, or one who closely follows those trends.

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ faster fastest adj
ferme
(dated) Firmly or securely fixed in place; stable. [from 9th c.]
rapide
Moving with great speed, or capable of doing so; swift, rapid. [from 14th c.]
profond
Deep or sound (of sleep); fast asleep (of people). [16th–19th c.]
en avance
Ahead of the correct time or schedule. [from 19th c.]

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ faster fastest adv
fermement
In a firm or secure manner, securely; in such a way as not to be moved; safe, sound [from 10th c.].
vite rapidement
Quickly, with great speed; within a short time [from 13th c.].

fast /fæst/ /fɑːst/ v
jeûner
(transitive) (academic) To cause a person or animal to abstain, especially from eating.

fast food /ˈfæst ˈfuːd/ /ˈfɑːst ˈfuːd/ fast foods n
fast-food
Food that is served quickly, often standardized and pre-prepared.

fasten /ˈfæsn̩/ /ˈfæsən/ /ˈfɑːsn̩/ /ˈfɑːsən/ v
attacher fixer
(ambitransitive) To attach or connect in a secure manner.

fastener /ˈfæsnɚ/ /ˈfæsənɚ/ /ˈfɐːsnɘ/ /ˈfɐːsɘnɘ/ /ˈfɑːsnə/ /ˈfɑːsənə/ fasteners n
fermeture
Something or someone that fastens.
fermeture attache
Mechanically, any device that fastens; especially, a collective term for items such as screws, nuts, washers, clasps, bolts and the like.

faster /ˈfæstɚ/ /ˈfɑːstə/ fasters n
jeûneur jeûneuse
One who fasts, or voluntarily refrains from eating.

faster-than-light adj
supraluminique
(physics) Faster than the speed of light in a vacuum, the theoretical speed limit for travel within the universe.

fastidious /fæˈstɪdi.əs/ /fəˈstɪdi.əs/ more fastidious most fastidious adj
minutieux pointilleux
Excessively particular, demanding, or fussy about details, especially about tidiness and cleanliness.
méticuleux
Overly concerned about tidiness and cleanliness.
exigeant
Difficult to please; quick to find fault.

fasting /ˈfæstɪŋ/ /ˈfɑːstɪŋ/ fastings n
jeûne
Abstinence or mortification for religious reasons, especially abstinence from food.
Abstinence from food, limiting caloric intake, for medical or health reasons, dieting.

fat /fæt/ fatter fattest adj
gros gras
Carrying more fat than usual on one's body; plump; not lean or thin.
Bountiful.
épais gros
Thick; large.

fat /fæt/ fats n
graisse gras
(uncountable) A specialized animal tissue with high lipid content, used for long-term storage of energy: fat tissue.
gras matière grasse
(countable) A lipid that is solid at room temperature, which fat tissue contains and which is also found in the blood circulation; sometimes, a refined substance chemically resembling such naturally occurring lipids.

fat /fæt/ v
engraisser
(transitive, archaic) To make fat; to fatten.

fat bike /ˈfætbaɪk/ /ˈfætˌbaɪk/ fat bikes n
VPS fat bike vélo hivernal vélo sur neige vélo à pneus surdimensionnés vélo à pneus ultralarges
(cycling, winter sports) A bicycle equipped with larger than normal tyres and a wider frame to accommodate them, which provides better traction on off-road surfaces such as sand or snow.

fat lot of good n
faire une belle jambe

fat-ass /ˈfætæs/ [ˈfæɾæs] fat-asses n
gros porc
(coarse, slang, pejorative) A rotund, overweight, or obese person.

fat-free adj
dégraissé sans gras
Not containing fat.

fatal /ˈfeɪ.təl/ [ˈfeɪ.ɾɫ̩] adj
fatal
Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate or destiny.
Foreboding death or great disaster.
Causing death or destruction.

fatalism fatalisms n
fatalisme
(metaphysics, philosophy) The doctrine that all events are subject to fate or inevitable necessity, or determined in advance in such a way that human beings cannot alter them.

fatalist /ˈfeɪtəlɪst/ fatalists n
fataliste
One who maintains that all things happen by inevitable necessity; a person who believes in fatalism.

fatberg /ˈfætbɜːɡ/ /ˈfætbɝɡ/ fatbergs n
fatberg
A large accumulation of fat and discarded toiletries which clogs sewers. [From the late 2000s.]

fate /feɪt/ fates n
destin destinée sort
The presumed cause, force, principle, or divine will that predetermines events.
destin destinée
Destiny; often with a connotation of death, ruin, misfortune, etc.
(mythology) (one of the goddesses said to control the destiny of human beings).

fateful /ˈfeɪtfəl/ more fateful most fateful adj
décisif
Momentous, significant, setting or sealing one’s fate.
fatidique
Determined in advance by fate, fated.

fatha /fæt.ħæh/ fathas n
fatha
In Arabic script, the vowel point for a, appearing as a diagonal line placed above a letter ( ⁧ـَ⁩ ) and designating a short a /a/. If the Arabic letters ا (‎أَلِف) or ى (‎أَلِف مَقْصُورَة) immediately follow, it indicates a long ā /aː/.

father /ˈfeɪðəɹ/ /ˈfæðə/ /ˈfæðəɹ/ /ˈfɐːðə/ /ˈfɑðɚ/ /ˈfɑːd̪ə(r)/ /ˈfɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɒːðɚ/ fathers n
père papa
A male ancestor more remote than a parent; a progenitor; especially, a first ancestor.

father /ˈfeɪðəɹ/ /ˈfæðə/ /ˈfæðəɹ/ /ˈfɐːðə/ /ˈfɑðɚ/ /ˈfɑːd̪ə(r)/ /ˈfɑːðə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɒːðɚ/ v
paterner
To act as a father; to support and nurture.

father confessor father confessors n
conseiller spirituel directeur de conscience guide spirituel
(by extension) A person who listens to others and gives them advice on private matters; a spiritual guide.

father figure father figures n
figure de père
One who represents, behaves as, or is regarded as equivalent to a father for another person or group of people.

father of the nation fathers of the nation n
père de la nation père de la patrie

father superior father superiors fathers superior n
père supérieur
a friar or monk in charge of a monastery, priory or convent; an abbot or a prior

father-in-law /ˈfɑːðəɹɪnˌlɔː/ father-in-laws fathers-in-law n
beau-père
One's spouse's father.

fatherhood /ˈfɑ.ðɚˌhʊd/ /ˈfɑːðəˌhʊd/ fatherhoods n
paternité
The state of being a father.

fatherland fatherlands n
patrie
The country of one's ancestors.

fatherly /ˈfɑðɚli/ /ˈfɑːðəli/ more fatherly most fatherly adj
paternel
Characteristic of what is considered the ideal behaviour pertaining to fatherhood.

fathom /ˈfað(ə)m/ /ˈfædəm/ /ˈfæðəm/ fathoms n
brasse toise
(chiefly, nautical, historical, US) A man's armspan, generally reckoned to be six feet (about 1.8 metres). Later used to measure the depth of water, but now generally replaced by the metre outside American usage.

fathom /ˈfað(ə)m/ /ˈfædəm/ /ˈfæðəm/ v
comprendre s'imaginer saisir
(also, figuratively) To measure the depth of (water); to take a sounding of; to sound.
comprendre saisir
(archaic, or, obsolete) To encircle (someone or something) with outstretched arms; specifically, to measure the circumference or (rare) length of something.
(figuratively) Often followed by out: to deeply understand (someone or something); to get to the bottom of.

fathomable /ˈfæðməbəl/ /ˈfæðəməbəl/ more fathomable most fathomable adj
compréhensible
able to be fathomed

fathomless more fathomless most fathomless adj
sans fond
Very deep (especially of water deeper than a lead line can measure); bottomless, immeasurable.

fatidic /feɪˈtɪdɪk/ more fatidic most fatidic adj
fatidique
(now, _, rare) Of or pertaining to prophecy; prophetic

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ fatigues n
fatigue épuisement
A weariness caused by exertion; exhaustion.
corvée
(often in the plural) A menial task or tasks, especially in the military.

fatigue /fəˈtiːɡ/ v
fatiguer
(transitive) To tire or make weary by physical or mental exertion.

fatigued more fatigued most fatigued adj
fatigué
Tired; weary.

fatigues /fəˈtiːɡz/ n
treillis
(US) Military clothing worn when doing menial tasks.

fatphobia n
grossophobie
Fear and/or dislike of obese people and/or obesity.
Fear or obsessive avoidance of consuming fat.

fatso /ˈfæ.t͡soʊ/ /ˈfæt.soʊ/ fatsoes fatsos n
gros lard
(pejorative) Someone who is overweight.

fatten /ˈfætən/ [ˈfæʔn̩] v
engraisser grossir
(transitive) To cause (a person or animal) to be fat or fatter.
grossir
(intransitive, of a person or animal) To become fat or fatter.

fattouch n
fattouch salade libanaise
A traditional Lebanese, Syrian, or Levantine fresh salad with crispy bread (typically, dried, toasted, grilled, or fried pita), usually with mint, parsley, and olive oil.

fatty /ˈfæt.i/ /ˈfæɾ.i/ fattier fattiest adj
gras
Containing, composed of, or consisting of fat.
Like fat; greasy.

fatty acid fatty acids n
acide gras
(organic chemistry, biochemistry) Any of a class of aliphatic carboxylic acids, of general formula CnH2n+1COOH, that occur combined with glycerol as animal or vegetable oils and fats. Only those with an even number of carbon atoms are normally found in natural fats.

fatty liver fatty livers n
stéatose hépatique
(pathology) The abnormal retention of triglycerides within the vacuoles of the liver

fatuous /ˈfæt.ju.əs/ /ˈfæt͡ʃ.u.əs/ more fatuous most fatuous adj
stupide imbécile niais
Obnoxiously stupid; vacantly silly; content in one's foolishness.

fatwa /ˈfæ.twɑː/ /ˈfæt.wɑ/ /ˈfɑt.wɑ/ fatawa fatwas n
fatwa
(Islam) A legal opinion, decree or ruling issued by a mufti or other Islamic lawyer.

faucet aerator faucet aerators n
brise-jet mousseur
(plumbing) A device for faucets/taps which mixes air with water to reduce the flowrate.

fault /fɑlt/ /fɒlt/ /fɔlt/ /fɔːlt/ [fɒːlt] faults n
défaut
A defect; something that detracts from perfection.
faute
A mistake or error.
Blame; the responsibility for a mistake.
faille faute
(seismology) A fracture in a rock formation causing a discontinuity.

fault injection n
injection de défaillance

fault line fault lines n
ligne de faille
(geology) The line formed by the intersection of the plane of a fault with the surface of the Earth

fault plane fault planes n
plan de faille
(geology) The plane, or surface formed between the two rock blocks that slip one with the other during an earthquake. The edge of the fault plane can often be seen on the land as a fault line.

faultless more faultless most faultless adj
impeccable
Without fault; free from defect or error.

faultlessness n
impeccabilité
The quality of being faultless; the absence of faults.

faulty /ˈfɑlti/ /ˈfɔlti/ /ˈfɔːlti/ [ˈfɒːlti] faultier faultiest adj
défectueux
Having or displaying faults; not perfect; not adequate or acceptable.

faun /fɔːn/ fauns n
faune
(Roman mythology) A woodland creature with pointed ears, legs, and short horns of a goat and a fondness for unrestrained revelry.

fauna /ˈfɔː.nə/ faunae faunas faunæ n
faune
(uncountable) Animals considered as a group; especially those of a particular country, region, time. [from late 18th c.]
(countable) A book, cataloguing the animals of a country.

faunistic adj
faunique faunistique

faute de mieux /-ˈmjø/ /-ˈmjʊɹ/ /foʊt də ˈmjə(ɹ)/ /fɔːt-/ /fəʊt də ˈmjɜː/ more faute de mieux most faute de mieux adv
faute de mieux
For want of something better; for lack of an alternative; as a makeshift.

fauvism n
fauvisme
An artistic movement of the last part of the 19th century which emphasized spontaneity and the use of extremely bright colors. [from 1905]

faux /foʊ/ /fəʊ/ adj
faux
Fake or artificial.

faux pas /fəʊ pɑː/ /fəʊ pɑːz/ faux pas n
faux pas bourde gaffe impair

favicon /ˈfævɪkɒn/ favicons n
favicon favicône
(web design) An icon associated with a particular website, and typically displayed in the address bar of a browser viewing the site.

favid favids n
favid
(diseases) An allergic reaction in the skin observed in patients who have favus, which is a type of tinea capitis.

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ favors n
faveur
A kind or helpful deed; an instance of voluntarily assisting (someone).

favor /ˈfeɪvə/ /ˈfeɪvɚ/ v
favoriser
To look upon fondly; to prefer.

favourable /ˈfeɪv(ə)ɹəbəl/ more favourable most favourable adj
favorable
Pleasing, encouraging or approving.
Useful or helpful.
Convenient or at a suitable time; opportune.
Auspicious or lucky.

favourite /ˈfeɪv.ɹɪt/ adj
favori préféré
Preferred or liked above all others (unless qualified).

favourite /ˈfeɪv.ɹɪt/ favourites n
favori chouchou préféré
A person or thing who enjoys special regard or favour.
favori
A person who is preferred or trusted above all others.
A contestant or competitor thought most likely to win.

favouritism favouritisms n
favoritisme
(British spelling) The unfair favouring of one person or group at the expense of another.

favus /ˈfeɪvəs/ favi n
favus teigne faveuse
(medicine) A severe, chronic infection of ringworm.

fawn /fɔːn/ fawns n
faon
A young deer.

fawn /fɔːn/ v
flagorner ramper
(intransitive) To seek favour by flattery and obsequious behaviour (with on or upon).

fax /fæks/ faxes faxxes n
télécopie fax
A document sent, or received and printed by a fax machine.

fax /fæks/ v
faxer oïn
To send a document via a fax machine.

fax machine fax machines n
télécopieur fax
A device which scans, transmits, receives and prints documents (faxes) transmitted by telephone.

fay /feɪ/ fays n
fée
A fairy.

fayalite fayalites n
fayalite
(mineral) Yellow, olive green, brown or black mineral with orthorhombic crystals of the olivine group, Fe2SiO4.

faze /feɪz/ /fæɪz/ v
effrayer
(transitive, informal) To frighten or cause hesitation; to daunt, put off (usually used in the negative); to disconcert, to perturb. [from mid 19th c.]

fealty /ˈfiː.əlti/ /ˈfiːlti/ fealties n
fidélité loyauté
Fidelity to one's lord or master; the feudal obligation by which the tenant or vassal was bound to be faithful to his lord.
serment
The oath by which this obligation was assumed.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ fears n
peur crainte
(uncountable) A strong, unpleasant emotion or feeling caused by actual or perceived danger or threat.
(countable) A phobia, a sense of fear induced by something or someone.

fear /fɪə/ /fɪɚ/ /fɪɹ/ v
craindre avoir peur
(transitive) To be afraid of (something or someone); to consider or expect (something or someone) with alarm.
craindre
(transitive) To venerate; to feel awe towards.

fear not phraseologicalUnit
n'aie crainte
(formal) Do not be afraid.

fear of missing out n
peur de rater quelque chose
A form of social anxiety characterized by compulsive concern that one might be missing opportunities for social interaction, novel experiences, profitable investments, or other favorable things.

fearful /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɜː(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈfɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈfɪɹfəl/ /ˈfɪɹfʊl/ fearfuler fearfulest fearfuller fearfullest more fearful most fearful adj
effrayant redoutable
Frightening; causing fear.
craintif peureux
Tending to fear; timid.
affreux terrible
(dated) Terrible; shockingly bad.
peureux
(now, _, rare) Frightened; filled with terror.

fearless /ˈfɪələs/ /ˈfɪɹləs/ more fearless most fearless adj
intrépide courageux brave
Without fear.

fearlessness /ˈfɪəlɪsnɪs/ fearlessnesses n
intrépidité
The quality of being fearless.

fearmongering fearmongerings n
alarmisme
The act of spreading needless fear; exaggerating purported threats in order to incite fear.

fearsome more fearsome most fearsome adj
effrayant effroyable
frightening, especially in appearance.

fearsomely more fearsomely most fearsomely adv
affreusement effroyablement
In a fearsome manner, or to a fearsome extent

feasibility feasibilities n
faisabilité
The state of being feasible or possible.

feasible /ˈfi.zə.bəl/ /ˈfiː.zə.bəl/ [ˈfi.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfiː.zə.bɫ̩] [ˈfɪi.zə.bɫ̩] more feasible most feasible adj
faisable
Able to be done in practice.

feast /fiːst/ feasts n
banquet festin
A very large meal, often of a ceremonial nature.
fête
A festival; a holy day or holiday; a solemn, or more commonly, a joyous, anniversary.

feast /fiːst/ v
festoyer
(intransitive) To partake in a feast, or large meal.

feast for the eyes feasts for the eyes n
régal pour les yeux
Visually pleasing sight; something that is easy on the eye.

feat /fiːt/ feats n
prouesse exploit action d'éclat coup d'éclat haut fait
A relatively rare or difficult accomplishment.

feather /ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛð.ɚ/ feathers n
plume
A branching, hair-like structure that grows on the bodies of birds, used for flight, swimming, protection and display.
fanon
Long hair on the lower legs of a dog or horse, especially a draft horse, notably the Clydesdale breed. Narrowly only the rear hair.

feather /ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛð.ɚ/ v
empenner emplumer
mettre en drapeau
(aeronautics) To streamline the blades of an aircraft's propeller by rotating them perpendicular to the axis of the propeller when the engine is shut down so that the propeller does not windmill during flight.

feather duster /ˈfɛð.ə(ɹ) ˈdʌstə/ /ˈfɛð.ɚ ˈdʌstɚ/ feather dusters n
plumeau
An implement, traditionally consisting of a bundle of feathers (especially ostrich feathers) attached to a handle, used to remove surface dust.

feather in one's cap feathers in one's cap n
accomplissement fierté
(idiomatic) An accomplishment; particularly one that is flaunted or boasted of.

feathered adj
emplumé
(poetic) Covered or adorned with something, as if with feathers.

featherweight featherweights n
poids plume
A sportsman who fights in this division.

feathery /ˈfɛ.ðəɹ.i/ featherier featheriest more feathery most feathery adj
plumeux
Covered with feathers.

feature /ˈfi.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈfiː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ features n
caractéristique particularité spécialité
An important or main item.
trait visage
Any of the physical constituents of the face (eyes, nose, etc.).
fonctionnalité
(computing) A beneficial capability of a piece of software.

feature film feature films n
long métrage
The main, full-length film in a cinema program that also included a short film and often a newsreel. As of now, it plays after the trailers.
(by extension) Any film produced to be shown in cinemas before being released for home viewing.

featurephone featurephones n
téléphone mobile basique
(dated) A mobile phone that has some advanced capabilities but is not as powerful as a smartphone.

featurette featurettes n
featurette
(film) A short film of bonus material, companion to the main feature, frequently part of additional material in a home video release on LaserDisc, DVD, Blu-Ray.

febrile /ˈfiːbɹaɪl/ /ˈfɛbɹaɪl/ more febrile most febrile adj
fébrile
Feverish, or having a high temperature.
Full of nervous energy.

fecal /ˈfiːkəl/ adj
fécal
Of or relating to feces.

fecal matter n
matière fécale
Feces.

feceate v
déféquer
(rare) To discharge feces from the digestive tract.

feces /ˈfiːsiːz/ n
excrément fèces

feckless /ˈfɛkləs/ /ˈfɛklɪs/ more feckless most feckless adj
irresponsable irréfléchi
Lacking purpose.
incapable
Without skill, ineffective, incompetent.

fecund /ˈfi.kənd/ /ˈfɛk.ənd/ more fecund most fecund adj
fécond
(formal) Highly fertile; able to produce offspring.

fecundability fecundabilities n
fécondabilité

fecundate v
féconder
To make fertile.
To inseminate.

fecundity /fɪˈkʌndɪtɪ/ fecundities n
fécondité
Ability to produce offspring.
Ability to cause growth or increase.
Number, rate, or capacity of offspring production.

fed up more fed up most fed up adj
en avoir marre avoir son voyage tanné
(idiomatic) Frustrated, annoyed, tired, to the limit of one's endurance.

fed up to the back teeth phraseologicalUnit
en avoir plein le cul en avoir ras le bol

federal /ˈfɛdəɹəl/ /ˈfɛdɹəl/ adj
fédéral fédérale
Pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations.
Pertaining to the national government level in a federal nation, as opposed to state, provincial, county, city, or town.

federal city federal cities n
ville fédérale
A title applied variously to Bonn (Germany), Bern (Switzerland), or Sevastopol (Crimea)

federal district federal districts n
district fédéral
A type of federal subdivision, often composed of a capital city

federal government federal governments n
gouvernement fédéral
Any of several forms of government of federations.

federal state federal states n
État fédéral
A sovereign state that is a federation.
État fédéré
A non-sovereign state that is part of a federation, especially part of Germany or Austria.

federalism federalisms n
fédéralisme
A system of national government in which power is divided between a central authority and a number of regions with delimited self-governing authority.

federalization federalizations n
fédéralisation
The unification of states to form a federal union.

federast federasts n
fédéraste

federate /ˈfɛdəɹeɪt/ /ˈfɛdəɹət/ adj
fédéré fédérée

federate /ˈfɛdəɹeɪt/ /ˈfɛdəɹət/ v
fédérer

federation /ˌfɛdəˈɹeɪʃn̩/ federations n
fédération
Array of nations or states that are unified under one central authority which is elected by its members.

fedora /fəˈdɔɹə/ /fɪˈdɔːɹə/ fedoras n
borsalino chapeau mou feutre
A felt hat with a fairly low, creased crown with a brim that can be turned up or down.

fee /fiː/ fees n
tarif honoraires
An additional monetary payment charged for a service or good, especially one that is minor compared to the underlying cost.

feeble /ˈfiːbəl/ feebler feeblest adj
faible
Deficient in physical strength.
Lacking force, vigor, or effectiveness in action or expression; faint.

feeble-minded feebler-minded feeblest-minded adj
faible d'esprit
Weak in intellectual power; lacking firmness or constancy; lacking intelligence

feed /ˈfiːd/ feeds n
nourriture alimentation
(uncountable) Food given to (especially herbivorous) non-human animals.
flux
Something supplied continuously.

feed /ˈfiːd/ v
nourrir alimenter donner à manger
(transitive) To give (someone or something) food to eat.
(transitive) To give to a machine to be processed.

feed a cold, starve a fever proverb
nourrir un rhume et affamer une fièvre
Expressing the common belief that eating more will cure the common cold, and eating less will cure a fever.

feedback /ˈfiːdˌbæk/ feedbacks n
réaction évaluation
Critical assessment of a process or activity or of their results.
rétroaction retour
(electronics, cybernetics, control theory, ) The part of an output signal that is looped back into the input to control or modify a system.
effet Larsen retour
(amplification) The high-pitched howling noise heard when there is a loop between a microphone and a speaker.

feedback loop feedback loops n
boucle de rétroaction

feeder cattle n
bovin d’engraissement
(agriculture) Steers or cows that are mature enough to be placed in a feedlot in preparation for slaughter.

feeding bottle feeding bottles n
biberon
A bottle for feeding milk to babies or to the young of other animals.

feel /fiːl/ [fiːɫ] feels n
sensibilité
A vague understanding.

feel /fiːl/ [fiːɫ] v
ressentir
palper toucher
(intransitive) To search by sense of touch.
(transitive, copulative) To become aware of through the skin; to use the sense of touch on.
se sentir sentir
(intransitive, copulative) To experience an emotion or other mental state.
sentir penser
(transitive) To think, believe, or have an impression concerning.
sentir se sentir
(transitive) To experience an emotion or other mental state about.
sembler
(copulative) To seem (through touch or otherwise).

feel like v
avoir envie
To have a desire for something, or to do something.
se sentir comme
To perceive oneself to resemble (something); to have the sense of being (something).

feeler /ˈfiːlə/ /ˈfiːləɹ/ feelers n
antenne brin capteur tripoteur

feeler gauge feeler gauges n
jauge d'épaisseur
A set of thin metal strips, of known thickness, used to measure a narrow gap

feeling /ˈfilɪŋ/ /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ more feeling most feeling adj
sentimental
Emotionally sensitive.

feeling /ˈfilɪŋ/ /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ feelings n
sensation sentiment
Sensation, particularly through the skin.
sentiment émotion
Emotion; impression.
sentiments
(always, _, in the plural) Emotional state or well-being.
(always, _, in the plural) Emotional attraction or desire.
sentiment impression intuition
Intuition.

feet of clay n
pieds d'argile
(idiomatic) In someone apparently strong and without failings, a hidden weakness which could lead to downfall.

feet on the ground n
avoir les pieds sur terre
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see feet,‎ on,‎ ground.

feign /feɪn/ v
feindre
To make a false show or pretence of; to counterfeit or simulate.

feijoa /feɪˈd͡ʒoʊ.ə/ /feɪˈhoʊ.ə/ /feɪˈʒoʊ.ə/ /ˈfiːd͡ʒɐʉ.ɐ/ feijoas n
goyavier de Montevideo
A South American evergreen shrub, Acca sellowiana (syn. Feijoa sellowiana).

feint /feɪnt/ feints n
feinte
(often, military) A movement made to confuse an opponent; a dummy.

feint /feɪnt/ v
feinter
(intransitive, boxing, fencing, also, often, military) To make a feint or mock attack.

feisty /ˈfaɪsti/ feistier feistiest more feisty most feisty adj
tenace
Tenacious, energetic, spunky.
agressif
Belligerent; prepared to stand and fight, especially in spite of relatively small stature or some other disadvantage.

feldspar feldspars n
feldspath
(mineral) Any of a large group of rock-forming minerals that, together, make up about 60% of the earth's outer crust. The feldspars are all aluminum silicates of the alkali metals sodium, potassium, calcium and barium. Feldspars are the principal constituents of igneous and plutonic rocks.

felicitations interjection
félicitations
Congratulations! Well done!

felicity /fəˈlɪsəti/ /fɪˈlɪsɪti/ [-ɾi] felicities n
félicité
(uncountable) An apt and pleasing style in speech, writing, etc.; (countable) an apt and pleasing choice of words.

felid felids n
félidé
(zoology) Any member of the cat family (Felidae).

feline /ˈfiːlaɪn/ more feline most feline adj
félin
Of or pertaining to cats.
catlike (resembling a cat); sleek, graceful, inscrutable, sensual, and/or cunning.

felinity felinities n
félinité
(countable) Any feline characteristic.

fell /fɛl/ v
abattre faire tomber
(transitive) To make something fall; especially to chop down a tree.

fellah /ˈfɛlə/ fellaheen fellahin fellahs n
fellah
A peasant, farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa.

fellatio /fəˈleɪ.ʃi.oʊ/ /fəˈleɪ.ʃi.əʊ/ fellatios n
fellation
The stimulation of the penis using the mouth.

fellator fellators n
fellateur
One who performs fellatio.

fellatrix /fəˈleɪtɹɪks/ fellatrices fellatrixes n
fellatrice
A woman who performs fellatio.

felling head felling heads n
tête abatteuse
(forestry) An attachment for a crane or other piece of machinery used for felling trees.

fellmonger /ˈfɛlmʌŋɡə/ v
pelletier pelletière
To prepare animal skin for tanning.

fellow /ˈfɛloʊ/ /ˈfɛlə/ /ˈfɛləʊ/ fellows n
bonhomme
camarade ami
(chiefly, in the plural, also, figuratively) A companion; a comrade.
paire
(chiefly, in the plural) An object which is associated with another object; especially, as part of a set.
congénère
An equal in character, power, rank, etc.; a peer.
contemporain
A person living at the same time, or about the same age as another, especially when in the same field of study or work.
boursier
(chiefly, Britain) A scholar appointed to a fellowship, that is, a paid academic position held for a certain period which usually requires the scholar to conduct research.
gars mec type bougre
(informal) A male person; a bloke, a chap, a guy, a man; also, preceded by a modifying word, sometimes with a sense of mild reproach: used as a familiar term of address to a man.

fellow citizen n
concitoyen concitoyenne
A citizen of one's country or city.

fellow man fellow men n
prochain
A kindred member of humanity.

fellow traveller fellow travellers n
compagnon de voyage
One who travels together with another.
compagnon de route sympathisant
(US) One who sympathizes with the aims or beliefs of an organization without belonging to it; especially a Communist sympathizer. [mid-20th c.]

fellowship /ˈfɛloʊʃɪp/ /ˈfɛləʃɪp/ /ˈfɛləʊʃɪp/ fellowships n
confrérie fraternité
A company of people that share the same interest or aim.
camaraderie
A feeling of friendship, relatedness or connection between people.
bourse bourse d'étude bourse d'études
(education) A merit-based scholarship.

felon /ˈfɛlən/ felons n
criminel criminelle
(criminal law) A person who has committed a felony; specifically, one who has been tried and convicted of such a crime.

felony /ˈfɛ.lə.ni/ felonies n
crime
(US, historical, _, in, _, UK, legal) A serious criminal offense, which, under United States federal law, is punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year or by death.

felt /fɛlt/ felts n
feutre feutrine
A cloth or stuff made of matted fibres of wool, or wool and fur, fulled or wrought into a compact substance by rolling and pressure, with lees or size, without spinning or weaving.
feutre
A hat made of felt.

felt-tip pen felt-tip pens n
feutre
(UK) A pen that holds quick-drying ink conveyed to a writing surface by means of a felt nib.

felucca feluccas n
felouque
A traditional wooden shallow-draught sailing boat used in the Mediterranean and along the Nile in Egypt, its rig consisting of one or two lateen sails.

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ femaler femalest more female most female adj
femelle féminin
Belonging to the sex which typically produces eggs (ova), or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]
femelle
(figuratively) Having an internal socket, as in a connector or pipe fitting. [from 16th c.]

female /ˈfiː.meɪl/ females n
femelle
One of the female (feminine) sex or gender.

female circumcision female circumcisions n
excision
(sometimes, proscribed, possibly, _, dated) Any operation involving removal of any of various parts of the female external genital organs including and in addition to the hood, such as the clitoris or labia; regarded as mutilation in many societies. [from 17th c.]

female condom female condoms n
préservatif féminin
A device that is inserted into the vagina during sexual intercourse as a barrier contraceptive to reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancy.

female ejaculation female ejaculations n
éjaculation féminine
The forceful expulsion of fluids from the vagina during the female orgasm, possibly originating from the Skene's gland (paraurethral gland) and/or urethra.

female genital mutilation female genital mutilations n
mutilations génitales féminines
Any mutilation of the female genitals done for non-medical reasons, such as the infliction of abrasion, burns (chemical or cauterizing), or cuts or slits, or amputation or piercing. [from 21st c.]

fembot /ˈfɛmbɒt/ fembots n
gynoïde robote
(science fiction) A robot in female form.

femboy /ˈfɛmbɔɪ/ femboys n
femboy
A male individual who adopts a feminine aesthetic.

femdom /ˈfɛmdɑm/ /ˈfɛmdɒm/ femdoms n
femdom
(BDSM, uncountable) Female domination; a sexual practice in which women dominate men or other women.

femicide /ˈfɛmɪsaɪd/ femicides n
féminicide gynocide fémicide
The killing of a woman or girl because of her sex, especially when motivated by misogyny. [from 19th c.]

feminationalism n
féminationalisme

feminazi /ˌfɛmɪˈnɑːtsi/ more feminazi most feminazi adj
féminazi
(derogatory, potentially, _, offensive) Relating to a radical or militant feminist who is intolerant of opposing views or who seeks superiority of women over men.

feminazi /ˌfɛmɪˈnɑːtsi/ feminazis n
féminazi féminazie
(derogatory, potentially, _, offensive) A radical or militant feminist who is intolerant of opposing views or who seeks female superiority over men.

feminazism n
féminazisme
(derogatory) Aggressive militant radical feminism.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ more feminine most feminine adj
féminin
Of or pertaining to the female sex; biologically female, not male.
Belonging to females; typically used by females.
Having the qualities stereotypically associated with women: nurturing, not aggressive.
(grammar) Of, pertaining or belonging to the female grammatical gender, in languages that have gender distinctions.

feminine /ˈfɛmənɪn/ /ˈfɛmɪnɪn/ feminines n
féminin
(grammar) The feminine gender.

femininity /fɛmɪˈnɪnɪti/ femininities n
féminité
The sum of all attributes that are feminine or convey womanhood.

feminism /ˈfɛmɪnɪz(ə)m/ feminisms n
féminisme
A social theory or political movement which argues that legal and social restrictions on women must be removed in order to bring about equality of the sexes in all aspects of public and private life.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ more feminist most feminist adj
féministe
relating to or in accordance with feminism.

feminist /ˈfɛmənɪst/ feminists n
féministe
an advocate of feminism; a person who believes in bringing about the equality of the sexes (of women and men) in all aspects of public and private life
a member of a feminist political movement

feminization /ˌfɛmɪnɪˈzeɪʃən/ feminizations n
féminisation
The act of feminizing, or the state of being feminized.

feminize /ˈfɛmɪnaɪz/ v
féminiser
(transitive) To make (more) feminine.

feminological adj
féminologique
(very, rare) Concerning or by means of feminology.

feminology n
féminologie
(rare) Synonym of women's studies.

femme fatale /fɛm fəˈtæl/ /fɛm fəˈtɑːl/ femme fatales femmes fatales n
femme fatale
An attractive and seductive but ultimately dangerous woman.

femonationalism femonationalisms n
fémonationalisme

femoral adj
fémoral
Of, pertaining to, or near the femur or thigh.

femoral artery femoral arteries n
artère fémorale

femto- prefix
femto-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−15 (short scale quadrillionth or long scale billiardth). Symbol: f.

femtometre femtometres n
femtomètre
10-15 of a metre. Symbol: fm

femtometric adj
femtométrique

femtosecond femtoseconds n
femtoseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−15 seconds. Symbol: fs

femur /ˈfiːmə(ɹ)/ femora femurs n
fémur
(entomology) The middle segment of the leg of an insect, between the trochanter and the tibia.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] fences n
receleur recéleur fourgue receleuse recéleuse
(informal) Someone who hides or buys and sells stolen goods, a criminal middleman for transactions of stolen goods.
clôture cloison
(figuratively) A barrier, for example an emotional barrier.

fence /fɛns/ [fɛns] [fɛnts] v
clôturer
(transitive) To enclose, contain or separate by building fence.
fourguer
(transitive) To engage in the selling or buying of stolen goods.
(intransitive) To conceal the truth by giving equivocal answers; to hedge; to be evasive.

fence off v
clôturer
To enclose an area within a fence.

fencepost fenceposts n
pieu poteau de clôture
A post which helps hold up a fence.

fencer /ˈfɛnsə/ /ˈfɛnsəɹ/ [ˈfɛnsɚ] fencers n
escrimeur escrimeuse
A participant in the sport of fencing.

fencing /ˈfɛnsɪŋ/ fencings n
escrime
The art or sport of duelling with swords, especially with the 17th- to 18th-century European dueling swords and the practice weapons descended from them (sport fencing).
recel
Receiving and buying of stolen goods.

fend /fɛnd/ v
prendre soin de soi
(intransitive) To take care of oneself; to take responsibility for one's own well-being.
(rare, except as "fend for oneself") To defend, to take care of (typically construed with for); to block or push away (typically construed with off).

fend off v
repousser
To defend against; to repel with force or effort

fender /ˈfɛnd.ə(ɹ)/ fenders n
garde-boue aile
(US) panel of a car which encloses the wheel area, especially the front wheels.
défense garde-boue
(US) a shield, usually of plastic or metal, on a bicycle that protects the rider from mud or water

fender-bender fender-benders n
accrochage
(chiefly, US) A minor accident involving at least one motor vehicle.

fennec /ˈfɛnɪk/ fennecs n
fennec
A small fox of the species Vulpes zerda, found in the Sahara (excluding the coast) and having distinctive oversized ears.

fennel /ˈfɛnəl/ fennels n
fenouil
A plant, Foeniculum vulgare, of the parsley family, which has a sweet, anise-like flavor.
(culinary) The bulb, leaves, or stalks of the plant, eaten as a vegetable.
(culinary) The seeds of the fennel plant used as a spice in cooking.

fentanyl /ˈfɛn.tə.nɑl/ /ˈfɛn.tə.nɔl/ /ˈfɛn.tə.nɪl/ [ˈfɛnʔ.nɑɫ] [ˈfɛnʔ.nɔɫ] [ˈfɛʔn̩.nɪɫ] fentanyls n
fentanyl
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic opioid narcotic analgesic C22H28N2O with pharmacological action similar to morphine that is administered transdermally as a skin patch and in the form of its citrate C22H28N2O·C6H8O7 is administered orally or parenterally (as by intravenous or epidural injection); N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]propanamide.

fenugreek /ˈfɛnjəˌɡɹiːk/ /ˈfɛnjʊˌɡɹiːk/ fenugreeks n
fenugrec senegré senègre
Any of the species leguminous plant, Trigonella foenum-graecum, eaten as a vegetable and with seeds used as a spice.
fenugrec
The seeds of this plant, used as a spice (especially in Indian and Thai cooking).

feral /ˈfɛɹəl/ /ˈfɪəɹəl/ more feral most feral adj
féral marron haret
(of an animal) Wild but descended from domestic or captive ancestors.

feral cat feral cats n
chat haret
(zoology) A domestic cat that has returned to or was born in a living situation without human care.

feral child feral children n
enfant sauvage
A child who is raised without human contact as a result of being abandoned, allegedly often raised by wild animals.

ferine /ˈfɪəɹaɪn/ more ferine most ferine adj
feral
(now, _, rare) Pertaining to wild, menacing animals; feral.

fermata /ˌfɜːɹˈmɑtə/ /ˌfɜːˈmɑːtə/ fermatas fermate n
point d'orgue
(music, countable) The notation ⟨◌͒⟩ of such a prolongation, usually represented as a dot with a semi-circle above or below it, written above or below the prolonged note or rest.

fermentation lock fermentation locks n
glouglouteur
A device, used mainly in homebrewing, that allows carbon dioxide to escape from a fermenter without allowing air to enter

fermion /ˈfɜːmɪɒn/ fermions n
fermion
(particle physics, Standard Model) Any elementary or composite particle that has half-integer spin and thus obeys Fermi–Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle (equivalently, a particle for which the wavefunction of any system of identical such particles changes sign whenever two are swapped); a baryon, a lepton or a quark;(slightly more loosely) any such particle or any composite particle composed of fermions.

fermium /ˈfɜːɹmiəm/ n
fermium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Fm) with an atomic number of 100.

fern /fɘːn/ /fɜːn/ /fɝn/ [fɜːn] ferns n
fougère
Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.

ferocious /fəˈɹəʊʃəs/ more ferocious most ferocious adj
féroce
Marked by extreme and violent energy.

ferocity /fəˈɹɑsɪti/ /fəˈɹɒsɪti/ ferocities n
acharnement
The condition of being ferocious.

ferret /ˈfɛɹɪt/ ferrets n
furet
An often domesticated mammal (Mustela putorius furo) rather like a weasel, descended from the polecat and often trained to hunt burrowing animals.

ferret /ˈfɛɹɪt/ v
débusquer découvrir dénicher fouiner fureter
(by extension, ambitransitive) To uncover and bring to light by searching; usually to ferret out.

ferret out v
débusquer dénicher mettre la main sur
(transitive) To discover something after searching.

ferrochrome /ˈfɛɹəˌkɹəʊm/ ferrochromes n
ferrochrome
A corrosion-resistant alloy of chrome and iron containing between 50% and 65% chrome.

ferromagnetic more ferromagnetic most ferromagnetic adj
ferromagnétique
(physics) Exhibiting ferromagnetism.

ferromagnetism ferromagnetisms n
ferromagnétisme
(physics) The phenomenon whereby certain substances can become permanent magnets when subjected to a magnetic field.

ferrotype ferrotypes n
ferrotype
(uncountable) An early photographic process in which the image was made on an iron plate having a sensitized surface film.
(countable) A photograph produced by this means.

ferrous /ˈfɛɹəs/ more ferrous most ferrous adj
ferreux
Of or containing iron.
(chemistry) Of compounds of iron in which it has a valence or oxidation number of 2.

ferruginous more ferruginous most ferruginous adj
ferrugineux
Containing iron.

ferruginous duck ferruginous ducks n
fuligule nyroca
Aythya nyroca, a medium-sized diving duck from Eurasia

ferruginous hawk ferruginous hawks n
buse rouilleuse
Buteo regalis, a large bird of prey. It is not a true hawk like sparrowhawks or goshawks, but rather belongs to the broad-tailed buteo hawks, known as "buzzards" in Europe

ferrule /-ɹuːl/ /ˈfɛɹ(ə)l/ /ˈfɛɹəl/ ferrules n
virole
(billiards) The plastic band attaching the tip to the cue.

ferry /ˈfeɹi/ /ˈfɛɹi/ /ˈfɛɹɪ/ ferries n
bac ferry transbordeur
A ship used to transport people, smaller vehicles and goods from one port to another, usually on a regular schedule.
A place where passengers are transported across water in such a ship.
The legal right or franchise that entitles a corporate body or an individual to operate such a service.

ferryman ferrymen n
batelier
A man who operates a ferry.

fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ /ˈfɜːtəl/ /ˈfɝːtaɪl/ /ˈfɝːtəl/ more fertile most fertile adj
fertile
Of land, etc.: capable of growing abundant crops; productive.
(figuratively) Of one's imagination, etc.: active, productive, prolific.

fertilely /ˈfɝːtə(l).li/ more fertilely most fertilely adv
fertilement
In a fertile manner.

fertility /fɝˈtɪləti/ fertilities n
fertilité
(uncountable) The condition, or the degree, of being fertile.

fertility rate fertility rates n
taux de fécondité
The average number of children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she followed the current average pattern of fertility among a given group of women and survived through her reproductive years; used as an indicator of strength of population growth.

fertilization fertilizations n
fertilisation
The act or process of rendering fertile.
fécondation fertilisation
The act of fecundating or impregnating the gametes of animals, plants, etc.; including the process by which in flowers the pollen renders the ovule fertile, an analogous process in flowerless plants, or the joining of sperm and egg in animals.

fertilize /ˈfɜː(ɹ)tɪlaɪz/ v
fertiliser
To make (the soil) more fertile by adding nutrients to it.

fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə/ /ˈfɜːɹtəlaɪzəɹ/ fertilizers n
engrais fertilisant
A natural substance that is used to make the ground more suitable for growing plants.
fertilisant engrais
(chemistry) A chemical compound created to have the same effect.

ferula /ˈfɛɹələ/ ferulae ferulas n
coup de cane
(archaic) A stroke from a cane.

ferule /ˈfɛɹuːl/ /ˈfɛɹəl/ ferules n
férule
(historical) A ruler-shaped instrument, generally used to slap naughty children on the hand.

fervent /ˈfɜː.vənt/ /ˈfɝ.vənt/ more fervent most fervent adj
fervent
Exhibiting particular enthusiasm, zeal, conviction, persistence, and/or belief.

fervently /ˈfɜːvəntli/ /ˈfɝvəntli/ more fervently most fervently adv
fervemment
In a fervent manner.

fervor /ˈfɝvɚ/ fervors n
émoi
ferveur
(American spelling) An intense, heated emotion; passion, ardor.

fescennine /ˈfɛsənʌɪn/ more fescennine most fescennine adj
fescennin licencieux salé égrillard
Obscene or scurrilous.

fescue /ˈfɛskjuː/ fescues n
fétuque
A hardy grass commonly used to border golf fairways in temperate climates. Any member of the genus Festuca.

fess /fɛs/ fesses n
fasce
(heraldiccharge) A horizontal band across the middle of the shield.

fess point fess points n
abîme
(heraldry) The exact centre of the shield.

fester /ˈfɛstə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɛstɚ/ v
suppurer
(intransitive) To become septic; to become rotten.

festival /ˈfɛstəv(ə)l/ /ˈfɛstɪvl̩/ festivals n
festival fête
An event or series of special events centred on the celebration or promotion of some theme or aspect of the community, often held at regular intervals.

festive /ˈfɛstɪv/ more festive most festive adj
festif festive
Having the atmosphere, decoration, or attitude of a festival, holiday, or celebration.

festivity /fɛˈstɪvəti/ /fɛˈstɪvɪti/ /fɪ-/ festivities n
festivité réjouissances
(often, pluralized) A festival or similar celebration.
réjouissances
An experience or expression of celebratory feeling, merriment, gaiety.

festoon /fɛsˈtuːn/ festoons n
feston guirlande
An ornament such as a garland or chain which hangs loosely from two tacked spots.
(architectural element) A bas-relief, painting, or structural motif resembling such an ornament.
guirlande lumineuse
A raised cable with light globes attached.

festoon /fɛsˈtuːn/ v
enguirlander
To decorate with ornaments, such as garlands or chains, which hang loosely from two tacked spots.

festschrift /ˈfɛstˌʃɹɪft/ festschriften festschrifts n
mélanges études offertes
A collection of articles, essays, etc., published together as a memorial or tribute to an academic or some other respected person. [from late 19th c.]

feta /ˈfɛtə/ fetas n
feta
A variety of curd cheese made from sheep’s or goat’s milk and originating from Greece.

fetal /ˈfitl̩/ adj
fœtal
(embryology) Pertaining to, or connected with, a fetus.

fetch /fɑt͡ʃ/ /fɛt͡ʃ/ v
aller chercher rapporter ramener
(intransitive) To bring oneself; to make headway; to veer; as, to fetch about; to fetch to windward.

fetching /ˈfɛt͡ʃɪŋ/ more fetching most fetching adj
attirant
Attractive; pleasant to regard.

fete /feɪt/ /fɛt/ fetes n
kermesse
A festival open to the public, the proceeds from which are often given to charity.

fete /feɪt/ /fɛt/ v
fêter
(transitive, usually in the passive) To celebrate (a person).

fetial /ˈfiʃəl/ /ˈfiːʃəl/ adj
fécial
Concerned with declarations of war and treaties of peace.

feticide feticides n
fœticide
(dysphemistic) The killing of a fetus or embryo; an induced abortion. [from 19th century]

fetid /ˈfɛtɪd/ more fetid most fetid adj
fétide
Foul-smelling, stinking.

fetidness n
fétidité
The quality of being fetid

fetish /ˈfiː.tɪʃ/ /ˈfɛt.ɪʃ/ fetishes n
fétiche
Something which is believed to possess, contain, or cause spiritual or magical powers; an amulet or a talisman. [from the early 17th c.]
Sexual attraction to or arousal at something abnormally sexual or nonsexual, such as an object or a nonsexual part of the body. [from the early 19th c.]
An irrational or abnormal preoccupation or fixation on some object or activity; an obsession. [from the 19th c.]

fetishism fetishisms n
fétichisme
The belief that natural objects have supernatural powers, or that something created by people has power over people.
A form of paraphilia where the object of attraction is an inanimate object or a part of a person's body.

fetishist /ˈfɛtɪʃɪst/ fetishists n
fétichiste
One who has a sexual fetish.

fetishistic more fetishistic most fetishistic adj
fétichiste
Of or pertaining to fetishism or fetishists.

fetishization fetishizations n
fétichisation
The act or process of fetishizing.

fetishize v
fétichiser
(transitive) To make into a fetish, or magical object.

fetlock fetlocks n
boulet
A joint of the horse's leg below the knee or hock and above the hoof.

fetology n
fœtologie

fetter /ˈfet.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ɚ/ fetters n
entrave fers
A chain or similar object used to bind a person or animal – often by its legs (usually in plural).
entrave obstacle
(figurative) Anything that restricts or restrains.

fetter /ˈfet.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ə/ /ˈfɛt.ɚ/ v
entraver enchaîner
(transitive) To shackle or bind up with fetters.
entraver
(transitive) To restrain or impede; to hamper.

fettuccine /ˌfɛtəˈtʃiːni/ fettuccines n
fettuccine
Long, flat ribbons of pasta, cut from a rolled-out sheet; identical in form to tagliatelle.

fetus /ˈfiːtəs/ feti fetii fetus fetuses n
fœtus fétus
An unborn or unhatched vertebrate showing signs of the mature animal.

feud /fjuːd/ /fɪu̯d/ feuds n
querelle dispute faide
A state of long-standing mutual hostility.
fief
An estate granted to a vassal by a feudal lord in exchange for service.

feud /fjuːd/ /fɪu̯d/ v
se disputer se quereller
(intransitive) To carry on a feud.

feudal /ˈfjudəl/ /ˈfjuːdl̩/ [ˈfju.ɾɫ̩] [ˈfjuː.dɫ̩] adj
féodal
Of, or relating to feudalism.

feudalism /ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/ [ˈfju.də.lɪ.zm̩] feudalisms n
féodalisme féodalité
A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.

feudalization feudalizations n
féodalisation
The introduction of a feudal system.

feuilletonist feuilletonists n
feuilletoniste
A writer of feuilletons.

fever /ˈfivɚ/ /ˈfiːvə/ fevers n
fièvre température
A higher than normal body temperature of a person (or, generally, a mammal), usually caused by disease.
(usually, in combination with one or more preceding words) Any of various diseases.
A state of excitement or anxiety.

fevered more fevered most fevered adj
fiévreux
Affected by a fever; feverish.
enflammé
Heated; impassioned; enthusiastic to the point of distraction.

feverish /ˈfi.vɚ.ɪʃ/ /ˈfiː.və.ɹɪʃ/ more feverish most feverish adj
fiévreux fébrile
Having a fever, an elevated body temperature.

feverishness n
fébrilité
The quality of being feverish.

feverless adj
apyrétique
Without a fever.

few /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [fjʉː] [fjʉ͡u] fewer fewest least less determiner
peu
(preceded by another determiner) An indefinite, but usually small, number of.
peu quelques
(meteorology, of clouds) Obscuring one to two oktas (eighths) of the sky.

few /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [fjʉː] [fjʉ͡u] pronoun
peu
Few people, few things.

fewer /ˈfjuː.ɚ/ determiner
moins
a smaller number.

fey /feɪ/ more fey most fey adj
magique
Magical or fairylike.
envoûté
Spellbound.

fez /fɛz/ fezes fezzes n
fez tarbouche
A felt hat in the shape of a truncated cone, having a flat top with a tassel attached.

ff. phraseologicalUnit
et ss. s.
and the following (pages, paragraphs etc.)

fiacre /fɪˈɑːkɹə/ fiacres n
fiacre
(historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for hire; a hackney carriage.

fiancé /fiɑnˈseɪ/ /fiˈɑnseɪ/ /fiˈɑːnseɪ/ /fiˈɒnseɪ/ /fiˈɒ̃seɪ/ /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/ fiancée fiancés n
fiancé
A man who is engaged to be married; the man to whom one is engaged.

fiancée /fiɑnˈseɪ/ /fiˈɑnseɪ/ /fiˈɑːnseɪ/ /fiˈɒnseɪ/ /fiˈɒ̃seɪ/ /ˌfiɑnˈseɪ/ fiancé fiancées n
fiancée
A woman who is engaged to be married; the woman to whom one is engaged.

fiasco /fiˈæs.kəʊ/ fiascoes fiascos n
fiasco
A ludicrous or humiliating situation. Some effort that went quite wrong.

fiat money fiat moneys fiat monies n
monnaie fiduciaire
(economics) Money that is not backed by any commodity, but has value because people agree on its value, and often is established as legal tender by government fiat.

fib /fɪb/ fibs n
baratin bobard craque
(informal) A lie, especially one that is more or less inconsequential.

fib /fɪb/ v
raconter des bobards bobarder
(informal, intransitive) To lie, especially more or less inconsequentially.

fibre /ˈfaɪ.bə(ɹ)/ fibres n
fibre
(countable) A single piece of a given material, elongated and roughly round in cross-section, often twisted with other fibres to form thread.
(cytology) A long tubular cell found in bodily tissue.

fibreglass /ˈfaɪbəɡlɑːs/ fibreglasses n
plastique à renfort de verre
A composite material made from fine fibres of spun glass held together with resin.

fibril /faɪbɹ(ə)l/ fibrils n
fibrille
A fine fibre or filament
(biology) Any fine, filamentous structure in animals or plants

fibrillar more fibrillar most fibrillar adj
fibrillaire
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to fibrils.
Having the characteristics of fibrils.

fibrillation /ˌfɪbɹɪˈleɪʃən/ fibrillations n
fibrillation
The rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of the muscle fibers of the heart.

fibrinogen fibrinogens n
fibrinogène
A protein that in humans plays a part in the forming of clots.

fibroblast fibroblasts n
fibroblaste
A cell found in connective tissue that produces fibers, such as collagen.

fibrocyte fibrocytes n
fibrocyte

fibrosis /faɪˈbɹoʊsɪs/ fibroses n
fibrose
(medicine) The formation of (excess) fibrous connective tissue in an organ.

fibrous /ˈfaɪbɹəs/ more fibrous most fibrous adj
fibreux
Of or pertaining to fibre.

fibula /ˈfɪb.jəl.ə/ /ˈfɪb.jʊl.ə/ fibulae fibulas fibulæ n
fibule
An ancient kind of brooch used to hold clothing together, similar in function to the modern safety pin.

fichu /ˈfi-/ /ˈfiː-/ /ˈfɪʃ(j)uː/ fichus n
fichu
(chiefly, historical) A woman's lightweight triangular scarf worn over the shoulders and tied in front, or tucked into a bodice to cover the exposed part of the neck and chest.

fickle /ˈfɪk.əl/ fickler ficklest more fickle most fickle adj
indécis inconstant capricieux lunatique volage
Quick to change one’s opinion or allegiance; insincere; not loyal or reliable.
changeant
(figurative) Changeable.

fiction /ˈfɪk.ʃən/ fictions n
fiction belles-lettres
(literature) Literary type using invented or imaginative writing, instead of real facts, usually written as prose.

fictional /ˈfɪkʃənəl/ more fictional most fictional adj
fictif
Invented, as opposed to real.

fictitious /fɪkˈtɪʃəs/ adj
fictif
Invented; contrived.

fictive /ˈfɪktɪv/ more fictive most fictive adj
fictif
Resulting from imaginative creation: fanciful or invented.

fiddle /ˈfɪd(ə)l/ /ˈfɪdl̩/ [ˈfɪɾl̩] v
tripoter
To fidget or play; to idly amuse oneself, to act aimlessly, idly, or frivolously, particularly out of nervousness or restlessness.

fiddlehead fiddleheads n
crosse de fougère tête-de-violon
The furled fronds of a young fern harvested for food consumption.

fiddler crab fiddler crabs n
crabe appelant
a genus of crab in which the male has one hugely enlarged claw (genus Uca).

fiddlesticks /ˈfɪdl̩.stɪks/ interjection
des clous
(euphemistic) Nonsense! Expresses dismissal or disdain.
flute saperlipopette zut
(euphemistic) Darn! Expresses mild dismay or annoyance.

fideicommissum fideicommissa n
fidéicommis
A benefit bequeathed to a beneficiary who inherits the benefit, subject to the obligation of bequeathing it to another.

fideism /ˈfaɪ.di.ɪz.əm/ /ˈfi.deɪ.ɪz.əm/ fideisms n
fidéisme
The doctrine that faith is the basis of all knowledge.

fidelity /faɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ /fɪˈdɛl.ɪ.ti/ fidelities n
fidélité
Faithfulness to one's duties.
Loyalty to one's spouse or partner, including abstention from cheating or extramarital affairs.
Accuracy, or exact correspondence to some given quality or fact.
The degree to which a system accurately reproduces an input.

fidget /ˈfɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ fidgets n
gigoteur
(informal) A person who fidgets, especially habitually.

fidget /ˈfɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ v
gigoter remuer
(intransitive) To wiggle or twitch; to move the body, especially the fingers, around nervously or idly.

fidget spinner fidget spinners n
fidget spinner hand spinner toupie à main
A type of stress-relieving toy that is intended to be spun around in one's hand, and that generally consists of a bearing in the center of a design made from any of a variety of materials including brass, stainless steel, titanium, copper, and plastic.

fiducial /fɪˈduːʃəl/ more fiducial most fiducial adj
fiduciaire
Accepted as a fixed basis of reference.
Based on having trust.

fiduciary /fə.ˈduːʃ.i.eɹ.i/ /fɪ.ˈdjuːʃ.i.əɹ.i/ adj
fiduciaire
(legal) Relating to an entity that owes to another good faith, accountability and trust, often in the context of trusts and trustees.

fiduciary /fə.ˈduːʃ.i.eɹ.i/ /fɪ.ˈdjuːʃ.i.əɹ.i/ fiduciaries n
chargé de pouvoirs curateur mandataire
(legal) One who holds a thing in trust for another.

fie /faɪ/ interjection
beurk fi
(archaic) Sometimes followed by on or upon: used to express distaste, disgust, or outrage.

fief /fiːf/ fiefs n
fief
(figurative) A territory, a domain, an area over which one exercises lordly control, particularly with regard to corporate or governmental bureaucracies.

fiefdom /ˈfiːf.dəm/ fiefdoms n
seigneurie
(historical) The estate controlled by a feudal lord.

field /fild/ /fiːld/ fields n
champ campo
A land area free of woodland, cities, and towns; an area of open country.
champ terrain
A wide, open space that is used to grow crops or to hold farm animals, usually enclosed by a fence, hedge or other barrier.
A place where a battle is fought; a battlefield.
(physics) A physical phenomenon (such as force, potential or fluid velocity) that pervades a region; a mathematical model of such a phenomenon that associates each point and time with a scalar, vector or tensor quantity.
A domain of study, knowledge or practice.
champ
(geology) A region containing a particular mineral.
(heraldry) The background of the shield.
terrain champ
A place where competitive matches are carried out with figures, or playing area in a board game or a computer game.
corps champ
(algebra) A commutative ring satisfying the field axioms.
rubrique champ
(computing, object-oriented programming) An area of memory or storage reserved for a particular value, subject to virtual access controls.

field /fild/ /fiːld/ v
attraper
(transitive, sports) To intercept or catch (a ball) and play it.

field artillery field artilleries n
artillerie de campagne artillerie légère
The part of an army's artillery which consists of (light) fieldpieces (cannons, howitzers) which are mobile enough to deploy on the (battle) field, as opposed to the fixed guns in fortifications or naval artillery; usually excludes antiaircraft.

field bindweed field bindweeds n
liseron des champs
A common and invasive Eurasian perennial weed, Convolvulus arvensis, which has become established worldwide.

field effect field effects n
effet de champ
The use of an electric field to control the conductivity of a channel in a semiconductor, as in FET.

field eryngo /fiːld iːˈɹɪŋɡəʊ/ field eryngos n
panicaut champêtre

field hockey n
hockey sur gazon
A form of hockey played on a grassed pitch with a hard rubber ball instead of a puck.

field horsetail field horsetails n
prêle des champs
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum arvense.

field hospital field hospitals n
hôpital de campagne
A large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities.

field lacrosse n
crosse au champ lacrosse en champ

field line field lines n
ligne de champ
(physics) A visual aid for visualizing vector fields; a line drawn such that the direction of its tangent at any point equals the direction of the vector at that point.

field maple field maples n
érable champêtre acéraille
A maple tree of the species Acer campestre.

field marshal field marshals n
maréchal de camp maréchal
(military ranks) In certain nations the highest military rank, ranking below only the commander in chief; now essentially disused.

field mouse field mice n
mulot souris des bois
One of several species of mice in genus Apodemus found in Eurasia and Africa.

field mushroom field mushrooms n
agaric champêtre rosé des prés
A commonly eaten mushroom, Agaricus campestris.

field of honor fields of honor n
champ d'honneur

field of view fields of view n
champ de vision champ de vue
(optics) The angular extent of what can be seen, either with the eye or with an optical instrument or camera.

field of vision /ˈfild ɘv ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ /ˈfiːld ɘv ˈvɪʒ(ə)n/ fields of vision n
champ de vision champ visuel
The area that a person, an animal, etc., can see with its eyes (or each eye individually) without turning the head.

field trip field trips n
classe verte sortie scolaire
A trip, usually in a group and especially by students, to a place of special interest for education, research or exploration; a trip into the field.

fieldfare /ˈfiːldfɛə/ fieldfares n
litorne grive litorne
A large thrush, Turdus pilaris, a bird of Eurasia.

fieldmeter fieldmeters n
champmètre

fieldwork /ˈfildwɝk/ /ˈfiːldwɜːk/ fieldworks n
travaux des champs
(uncountable, agriculture) Work done out in the fields as opposed to that done elsewhere on the farm (e.g., barn, house, outbuildings, office).

fiend /fiːnd/ /fɛnd/ fiends n
démon
A devil or demon; a malignant or diabolical being; an evil spirit.
démon monstre
A very evil person.
accro addict
(informal) An addict or fanatic.

fiendish /ˈfiːndɪʃ/ more fiendish most fiendish adj
diabolique
Sinister; evil; like a fiend.

fiendishly /ˈfiːndɪʃli/ more fiendishly most fiendishly adv
diablement
In a fiendish manner; evilly, wickedly.

fierce /fɜː(ɹ)s/ /fɪəs/ /fɪɹs/ fiercer fiercest more fierce most fierce adj
féroce
Exceedingly violent, severe, ferocious, cruel or savage.

fiercely /fɪəsli/ /fɪɹsli/ fiercelier fierceliest more fiercely most fiercely adv
farouchement âprement
In a fierce manner.

fierceness fiercenesses n
acharnement
The state of being fierce.

fiery /ˈfaɪəɹi/ /ˈfaɪɹi/ fierier fieriest more fiery most fiery adj
ardent
Of or relating to fire.
brulant
Burning or glowing.
flamboyant
Having the colour of fire.
enflammé
Tempestuous or emotionally volatile.

fiesta /fiˈɛstə/ /fɪˈɛstə/ fiestas n
boum chouille fête teuf
A festive occasion.

fife /ˈfaɪf/ fifes n
fifre
A small shrill pipe, resembling the piccolo flute, used chiefly to accompany the drum in military music

fifteen /fɪfˈtiːn/ /ˈfɪf.tiːn/ numeral
quinze
The cardinal number occurring after fourteen (14) and before sixteen (16).

fifteenth /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/ adj
quinzième quinze
The ordinal form of the number fifteen.

fifteenth /ˌfɪfˈtiːnθ/ fifteenths n
quinzième
The person or thing in the fifteenth position.
One of fifteen equal parts of a whole.

fifth /fɪft/ /fɪfθ/ /fɪθ/ adj
cinquième
The ordinal form of the number five.

fifth /fɪft/ /fɪfθ/ /fɪθ/ fifths n
cinquième
The person or thing in the fifth position.
One of five equal parts of a whole.
quinte
(music) The musical interval between one note and another five scale degrees higher (the fifth note in a scale)

fifth column fifth columns n
cinquième colonne
A group of people which clandestinely undermines a larger group, such as a nation, to which it is expected to be loyal.

fifth grade fifth grades n
CM2

fifth wheel /-ˈwil/ /-ˈwiːl/ /ˌfɪfθ ˈʍil/ /ˌfɪfθ ˈʍiːl/ fifth wheels n
sellette
(road transport) A type of trailer hitch, which consists of a horseshoe-shaped plate on a multidirectional pivot, with a locking pin to couple with the kingpin of a truck trailer.
cinquième roue du carrosse
(idiomatic, informal) Anything superfluous or unnecessary.

fifthly adv
cinquièmement
In the fifth place; fifth in a row.

fifties /ˈfɪftiz/ n
années 50 années cinquante
The decade of the 1850s, 1950s, etc.

fiftieth /ˈfɪf.ti.əθ/ adj
cinquantième
The ordinal form of the number fifty.

fiftieth /ˈfɪf.ti.əθ/ fiftieths n
cinquantième
The person or thing in the fiftieth position.
One of fifty equal parts of a whole.

fifty /ˈfɪfti/ numeral
cinquante
The cardinal number occurring after forty-nine and before fifty-one.

fifty-eight numeral
cinquante-huit
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-seven and preceding fifty-nine.

fifty-eighth adj
cinquante-huitième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 58 of a sequence.

fifty-fifth adj
cinquante-cinquième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-five, describing a person or thing in position number 55 of a sequence.

fifty-fifty adv
cinquante-cinquante moitié-moitié fifty-fifty
In half: in two equal parts, shares, etc.

fifty-first adj
cinquante-premier
The ordinal form of the number fifty-one, describing a person or thing in position number 51 of a sequence.

fifty-first state fifty-first states n
51e État

fifty-five numeral
cinquante-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-four and preceding fifty-six.

fifty-four numeral
cinquante-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-three and preceding fifty-five.

fifty-fourth adj
cinquante-quatrième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-four, describing a person or thing in position number 54 of a sequence.

fifty-nine numeral
cinquante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-eight and preceding sixty.

fifty-ninth adj
cinquante-neuvième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-nine, describing a person or thing in position number 59 of a sequence.

fifty-one /ˌfɪfti wʌn/ numeral
cinquante et un cinquante-et-un
The cardinal number immediately following fifty and preceding fifty-two.

fifty-second adj
cinquante-deuxième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-two, describing a person or thing in position number 52 of a sequence.

fifty-seven /ˌfɪftiˈsɛvn̩/ /ˌfɪftiˈsɛvən/ numeral
cinquante-sept
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-six and preceding fifty-eight.

fifty-seventh adj
cinquante-septième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 57 of a sequence.

fifty-six numeral
cinquante-six
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-five and preceding fifty-seven.

fifty-sixth adj
cinquante-sixième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-six, describing a person or thing in position number 56 of a sequence.

fifty-third adj
cinquante-troisième
The ordinal form of the number fifty-three, describing a person or thing in position number 53 of a sequence.

fifty-three numeral
cinquante-trois
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-two and preceding fifty-four.

fifty-two numeral
cinquante-deux
The cardinal number immediately following fifty-one and preceding fifty-three.

fiftysomething fiftysomethings n
quinquagénaire

fig /fɪɡ/ figs n
figue
The fruit of the fig tree, pear-shaped and containing many small seeds. [from 12th c.]
figuier figue
A fruit-bearing tree or shrub of the genus Ficus that is native mainly to the tropics. [from 14th c.]

fig leaf fig leaves n
feuille de figuier feuille de vigne
A representation of leaf of a fig plant used to cover the genitals of a nude figure in a work of art (alluding to Genesis iii 7, in which Adam and Eve use fig leaves to hide their nakedness).

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] fights n
combat lutte
An occasion of fighting.
bataille combat
(archaic) A battle between opposing armies.
bagarre
A physical confrontation or combat between two or more people or groups.
combat
(sports) A boxing or martial arts match.
combativité combat
A conflict, possibly nonphysical, with opposing ideas or forces; strife.

fight /faɪt/ [fʌɪt] v
combattre se battre
(transitive) To engage in combat with; to oppose physically, to contest with.
se battre combattre guerroyer
(intransitive) To contend in physical conflict, either singly or in war, battle etc.
combattre
(transitive) To try to overpower; to fiercely counteract.

fight back /faɪt bæk/ [fʌɪt bæk] v
contre-attaquer
(intransitive) to counterattack; to resist an attack.

fight choreography n
chorégraphie de combat
(film, theatre) The art of arranging and designing sequences of staged combats, such as for use in theatre or film productions.

fight dirty v
prendre en traitre
To use every possible way to beat someone, and especially the most treacherous.

fight fire with fire v
combattre le feu par le feu combattre le mal par le mal
(idiomatic) To respond to an attack with a similar or identical counter-attack (e.g. to respond to gunfire with reciprocal gunfire).

fight like cat and dog v
s'entendre comme chien et chat

fight to the death fights to the death n
combat à mort
A fight in which there is only one winner, the survivor.

fighter /ˈfaɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈfaɪtɚ/ [ˈfaɪ̯ɾɚ] fighters n
combattant lutteur
A person who fights; a combatant.
combattant guerrier lutteur
A warrior; a fighting soldier.
battant
A pugnacious, competitive person.
chasseur
A class of fixed-wing aircraft whose primary purpose is to shoot down other aircraft, sometimes accompanied by a secondary purpose of attacking ground targets.

fighter pilot fighter pilots n
pilote de chasse
A pilot trained in using and assigned to pilot a fighter plane.

fighter plane fighter planes n
avion de chasse
(aircraft, military) A military aircraft primarily designed to attack enemy aircraft. Frequently shortened to fighter.

fighting fish fighting fish fighting fishes n
combattant
A small aggressive freshwater fish originating from Thailand, popular as aquarium fish, Betta splendens.

fighting spirit /ˌfaɪ.tɪŋ ˈspɪɹ.ɪt/ /ˌfaɪ.t̬ɪŋ ˈspɪɹ.ət/ fighting spirits n
esprit combattant gnaque
(idiomatic) One's willpower or ability to continue partaking in difficult activities or to continue fighting against insurmountable odds.

figment /ˈfɪɡ.mənt/ figments n
chimère divagation déconnage fantasmagorie fiction illusion
A fabrication, fantasy, invention; something fictitious.

figura etymologica figurae etymologicae n
figure étymologique
A multiword figure of speech in which two or more different words are etymologically related.

figurative /ˈfɪɡəɹətɪv/ more figurative most figurative adj
figuratif figuré
Of use as a metaphor, simile, metonym or other figure of speech, as opposed to literal; using figures; as when saying that someone who eats more than they should is a pig or like a pig.
Metaphorically so called.

figuratively more figuratively most figuratively adv
figurément
(manner) In a figurative manner.

figure /ˈfɪɡjɚ/ /ˈfɪɡə/ /ˈfɪɡɚ/ /ˈfɪɡɪu̯ɹ/ figures n
figure
A drawing or diagram conveying information.
The representation of any form, as by drawing, painting, modelling, carving, embroidering, etc.; especially, a representation of the human body.
figure personnage personnalité
A person or thing representing a certain consciousness.
silhouette forme
A human figure, which dress or corset must fit to; the shape of a human body.
chiffre
A numeral.
figure silhouette
A shape.

figure /ˈfɪɡjɚ/ /ˈfɪɡə/ /ˈfɪɡɚ/ /ˈfɪɡɪu̯ɹ/ v
comprendre réaliser
To think, to assume, to suppose, to reckon.
résoudre
(obsolete) To represent by a figure, as to form or mould; to make an image of, either palpable or ideal; also, to fashion into a determinate form; to shape.

figure of speech figures of speech n
figure de style figure de rhétorique
(rhetoric, stylistic) A word or phrase that intentionally deviates from ordinary language use to produce a rhetorical effect.

figure out v
cerner
(informal) To come to understand; to discover or find a solution; to deduce.

figure skating n
patinage artistique
A sport where people perform spins, jumps and other moves on skates.

figured bass /ˈfɪɡjɚdbeɪs/ figured basses n
basse chiffrée
(music) A musical notation in which intervals, chords and harmonizations are indicated by numbers written below a given bass note.

figurehead /ˈfɪɡjəɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɪɡəɹˌhɛd/ figureheads n
figure de proue
(nautical) A carved figure on the prow of a sailing ship.
fantoche homme de paille
(by extension) Someone in a nominal position of leadership who has no actual power; a front or front man.

figurine /fɪɡ(j)əˈɹin/ /fɪɡəˈɹin/ figurines n
figurine statuette
A small carved or molded figure; a statuette.

filament /ˈfɪləmənt/ filaments n
filament
A fine thread or wire.
Such a wire, as can be heated until it glows, in an incandescent light bulb or a thermionic valve.

filamented more filamented most filamented adj
filamenteux
Of or relating to a filament; having filaments; filamentous.

filamentous more filamentous most filamentous adj
filamenteux
Having the form of threads or filaments; filamented.

filarial /fɪˈlɛəɹɪəl/ adj
filarial
(medicine) Of or pertaining to the microscopic parasitic worms known as filaria, or an infestation thereof.

filch /fɪlt͡ʃ/ v
larcin
(transitive) To illegally take possession of (something, especially items of low value); to pilfer, to steal.

file /faɪl/ [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ] files n
fichier dossier
A collection of papers collated and archived together.
file fichier
A column of people one behind another, whether "single file" or in a grid pattern.
lime
A hand tool consisting of a handle to which a block of coarse metal is attached, and used for removing sharp edges or for cutting, especially through metal.
colonne
(chess) one of the eight vertical lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a letter).
fichier
(computing) An aggregation of data on a storage device, identified by a name.
(computing) The primary item on the menu bar, containing commands such as open, save, print, etc.

file /faɪl/ [faɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
limer
(transitive) To smooth, grind, or cut with a file.

file extension file extensions n
extension de fichier
A short series of text characters at the end of a computer filename, used to indicate the type of contents and the software that will be required to operate or open it.

file system file systems n
système de fichiers

filename /ˈfaɪ.əl.neɪm/ filenames n
nom de fichier
(computing) The name assigned to a file in a file system.

filet mignon /-ɒn/ /fɪˈleɪ mɪnˈjɒ̃/ /ˌfiːleɪ ˈmiːnjɒ̃/ filet mignons filets mignons n
filet mignon
A steak cut of beef taken from the tenderloin, or psoas major, of the steer or heifer.

filial /ˈfi.li.əl/ /ˈfɪl.i.əl/ /ˈfɪl.jəl/ more filial most filial adj
filial
(not comparable) Pertaining to or befitting a son or daughter.

filial piety n
piété filiale
The virtue of showing respect and doing good deeds for one's parents, elders, and ancestors, as understood in Confucian ethics and commonly observed in the East Asian cultural sphere.

filibuster /ˈfɪləbʌstɚ/ /ˈfɪlɪbʌstə(ɹ)/ filibusters n
flibustier
A mercenary soldier; a freebooter; specifically, a mercenary who travelled illegally in an organized group from the United States to a country in Central America or the Spanish West Indies in the mid-19th century seeking economic and political benefits through armed force.
obstruction parlementaire
(US politics) A tactic (such as giving long, often irrelevant speeches) employed to delay the proceedings of, or the making of a decision by, a legislative body, particularly the United States Senate.

filicide /ˈfɪ.lɪ.sʌɪd/ filicides n
filicide
The killing of one's own child.
A person who kills his or her own child.

filigree /ˈfɪl.ɪ.ɡɹiː/ filigrees n
filigrane
(chiefly, jewellery) A delicate and intricate ornamentation made from platinum, gold or silver (or sometimes other metal) twisted wire.
(by extension) Anything resembling such intricate ornamentation.

filigree /ˈfɪl.ɪ.ɡɹiː/ v
filigraner
(transitive) To decorate something with intricate ornamentation made from gold or silver twisted wire.

filing /faɪ.lɪŋ/ filings n
limaille
Any particle that has been removed by a file or similar implement; a shaving.

filing cabinet filing cabinets n
classeur à tiroirs
A piece of office furniture composed of drawers or shelves sized to standard file folder widths, traditionally used for storing documents in order.

fill /fɪl/ [fɪɫ] v
remplir emplir
(transitive) To occupy fully, to take up all of.
remplir se remplir
(transitive) To add contents to (a container, cavity, or the like) so that it is full.
se remplir remplir
(intransitive) To become full.
combler
(transitive) To install someone, or be installed, in (a position or office), eliminating a vacancy.

fill in v
remplacer renseigner
(transitive, idiomatic) To inform somebody, especially to supply someone missing or missed information.
remplacer
(intransitive, idiomatic) To substitute for somebody or something.

fill out /fɪl ˈaʊt/ v
remplir compléter
(transitive) To complete a form or questionnaire with requested information.
empâter forcir se fortifier
(intransitive) To have one's physique expand with maturity or with surplus weight.

fill up v
remplir
(transitive) To make (something) completely full.
faire le plein
(intransitive) To fill the tank of a vehicle with fuel.

filled /fɪld/ adj
rempli plein
(followed by with) That is now full.

filler /ˈfɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɪlɚ/ fillers n
filler
Something added to fill a space or add weight or size.

fillet /fɪˈleɪ/ /ˈfɪl.ɪt/ fillets n
congé
(engineering, drafting, CAD) A rounded relief or cut at an edge, especially an inside edge, added for a finished appearance and to break sharp edges.
filet
A strip or compact piece of meat or fish from which any bones and skin and feathers have been removed.

fillet /fɪˈleɪ/ /ˈfɪl.ɪt/ v
désosser lever les filets
(transitive) To slice, bone or make into fillets.

filling /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] more filling most filling adj
consistant
Of food, that satisfies the appetite by filling the stomach.

filling /ˈfɪlɪŋ/ [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] fillings n
farce
The contents of a pie, etc.
plombage
(dentistry) Any material used to fill a cavity in a tooth or the result of using such material.

fillip /ˈfɪlɪp/ fillips n
chiquenaude pichenette
(archaic) The action of holding the tip of a finger against the thumb and then releasing it with a snap; a flick.

filly /ˈfɪli/ fillies n
pouliche
A young female horse.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] films n
pellicule
A thin layer of some substance; a pellicle; a membranous covering, causing opacity.
pellicule film
(photography) A medium used to capture images in a camera.

film /fɪlm/ [fɪɫm] [ˈfɪlm̩] [ˈfɪləm] v
filmer tourner
(ambitransitive) To record (activity, or a motion picture) on photographic film.

film crew film crews n
équipe de tournage
(film) The group of people, excluding the cast and producers, who are hired by a film company to make a film.

film director film directors n
réalisateur réalisatrice
A person who directs and supervises the production of a movie, especially as profession.

film industry film industries n
industrie du cinéma
The technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking.

film set film sets n
plateau de tournage

filming /ˈfɪlmɪŋ/ filmings n
tournage
The action of the verb to film.

filmmaker filmmakers n
cinéaste
A producer or director of films/movies.

filmmaking filmmakings n
réalisation
The activity of preparing edited video works, formerly principally films, whether for entertainment or other purposes.

filmography filmographies n
filmographie
A selective list of movie titles that share a similar characteristic such as the same genre, the same director, the same actor etc.

filopodium filopodia n
filopode
(cytology) A slender cytoplasmic projection which extends from the leading edge of a migrating cell

filter /ˈfɪltə/ /ˈfɪltɚ/ filters n
filtre
A device which separates a suspended, dissolved, or particulate matter from a fluid, solution, or other substance; any device that separates one substance from another.
Electronics or software that separates unwanted signals (for example noise) from wanted signals or that attenuates selected frequencies.
Any item, mechanism, device or procedure that acts to separate or isolate.
(mathematics, order theory) A non-empty upper set (of a partially ordered set) which is closed under binary infima (a.k.a. meets).

filter /ˈfɪltə/ /ˈfɪltɚ/ v
filtrer
(transitive) To sort, sift, or isolate.
(intransitive) To pass through a filter or to act as though passing through a filter.

filter bubble filter bubbles n
bulle de filtres bulle de filtrage

filter feeder filter feeders n
filtreur
(biology) Any aquatic animal that obtains nourishment by filtering particles of food from the water in which it lives.

filter paper filter papers n
papier filtre
Porous paper used for filtration, typically in a filter funnel.

filter tube filter tubes n
tube avec filtre
an empty cigarette consisting of a filter attached to a paper tube.

filth /fɪlθ/ n
saleté crasse boue
(UK, pejorative, slang) The police.

filthy /ˈfɪlθi/ filthier filthiest adj
crasseux
Covered with filth; very dirty.

filthy rich adj
plein aux as pété de thunes
(idiomatic) Very rich (wealthy).

filtrate /ˈfɪltɹeɪt/ filtrates n
filtrat

filtrate /ˈfɪltɹeɪt/ v
filtrer
To filter.

filtration /fɪlˈtɹeɪʃən/ filtrations n
filtration
The act or process of filtering; the mechanical separation of a liquid from the undissolved particles floating in it.

fin /fɪn/ fins n
nageoire aileron
(ichthyology) One of the appendages of a fish, used to propel itself and to manoeuvre/maneuver.
nageoire
A similar appendage of a cetacean or other marine animal.
empennage
A thin, rigid component of an aircraft, extending from the fuselage and used to stabilise and steer the aircraft.
A similar structure on the tail of a bomb, used to help keep it on course.
A hairstyle, resembling the fin of a fish, in which the hair is combed and set into a vertical ridge along the top of the head from about the crown to the forehead.
palme
A device worn by divers and swimmers on their feet.

fin whale fin whales n
rorqual commun
A whale of the rorqual family (Balaenoptera physalus).

finagle /fɪˈneɪ.ɡəl/ v
intriguer magouiller se faire pistonner
(transitive) To obtain, arrange, or achieve by deceitful methods, by trickery.
escroquer estamper filouter piquer refaire rouler
(ambitransitive) To cheat or swindle; to use crafty, deceitful methods. (often with "out of" preceding the object)

final /ˈfaɪn(ə)l/ /ˈfaɪnl̩/ [-nəɫ] more final most final adj
final
dernier ultime
Last; ultimate.

final /ˈfaɪn(ə)l/ /ˈfaɪnl̩/ [-nəɫ] finals n
finale examen
(US, Canada) A final examination; a test or examination given at the end of a term or class; the test that concludes a class.

final class final classes n
classe finale

final curtain final curtains n
rideau de fin
(theatre) The last time the curtain is lowered, after a performance and any curtain calls.

final method final methods n
méthode finale

final nail in the coffin final nails in the coffin n
coup de grâce dernier clou dans le cercueil
(idiomatic) Something that is ultimately responsible for a previously prospective demise or failure.

final obstruent devoicing final obstruent devoicings n
dévoisement final
(linguistics) The feature of a language of only allowing voiceless consonants before a pausa.

final solution final solutions n
solution finale
(historical, often, capitalized) The planned and attempted mass murder of the European Jews by the Nazis; the Holocaust.

finale /fɪˈnæli/ /fɪˈnɑli/ /fɪˈnɑːli/ finales n
finale
The grand end of something, especially of a show or piece of music.

finalisation finalisations n
finalisation
The act or process of finalising.

finalism finalisms n
finalisme
teleology

finalist finalists n
finaliste
A university student during the period of sitting their final examinations (whether or not in their final year of study).

finality /faɪˈnæləti/ /faɪˈnælɪti/ /fɪ-/ finalities n
finalité
The state of being final; the condition from which no further changes occur.

finalize /ˈfaɪ.nə.laɪz/ v
achever finaliser finir
(transitive) To make final or firm; to finish or complete.

finally /ˈfaɪ.nə.li/ /ˈfaɪn.li/ adv
enfin
At the end or conclusion; ultimately.
(sequence) To finish (with); lastly (in the present).
définitivement
(manner) Definitively, comprehensively.

finance /faɪˈnæns/ /fɪˈnæns/ /ˈfaɪnæns/ finances n
finances
finance
The science of management of money and other assets.

finance /faɪˈnæns/ /fɪˈnæns/ /ˈfaɪnæns/ v
financer
(transitive) To manage financially; be financier for; provide or obtain funding for a transaction or undertaking.

financial /faɪˈnænʃəl/ /fɪˈnænʃəl/ adj
financier
Related to finances.

financial accounting n
comptabilité financière

financial asset financial assets n
actif financier immobilisation financière

financial crisis financial crises n
crise financière
An episode of sharp instability in the global or a local financial system in which financial assets lose a significant proportion of their value, often caused by the bursting of an economic bubble.

financial institution financial institutions n
institution financière
(business, banking, finance) An institution, such as a bank, insurance company or fund, that provides financial services for its clients or members.

financial instrument financial instruments n
instrument financier
(finance) Any form of funding medium, mostly those used for borrowing in money markets, including cash instruments and derivative instruments.

financial market financial markets n
marché financier
A market where financial securities (such as stocks and bonds) and commodities are bought and sold.

financial slave financial slaves n
esclave financier esclave financière
A submissive partner in a BDSM relationship who satisfies their sexual desires through sending money or goods to one or more masters or mistresses.

financially adv
financièrement pécuniairement
In terms of finance or money.

financier /f(a)ɪnænˈsɪəɹ/ /f(a)ɪˈnænsɪə/ financiers n
financier financière
A person who, as a profession, profits from large financial transactions.

finasteride /fɪˈnæ.stə.ɹaɪd/ n
finastéride
(pharmaceutical drug) A nitrogenous steroid derivative C23H36N2O2 that inhibits the conversion of testosterone to the more potent dihydrotesterone in the human prostate gland and hair follicles, used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and male pattern baldness.

finch /fɪnt͡ʃ/ finches n
pinson
Any bird of other families of similar appearance to members of family Fringillidae.

find /faɪnd/ finds n
trouvaille
Anything that is found (usually valuable), as objects on an archeological site or a person with talent.

find /faɪnd/ v
trouver
(transitive) To encounter or discover something being searched for; to locate.
(transitive) To point out.
(ditransitive) To decide that, to discover that, to form the opinion that.

find fault v
pinailler
(intransitive, idiom, often followed by with) To criticize something excessively.

find favour v
trouver grâce

find oneself /ˈfaɪnd wʌnsɛlf/ v
trouver sa voie
(idiomatic) To learn, or attempt to learn, what kind of person one is and what one wants in life.
se surprendre à
(idiomatic) To unexpectedly or unintentionally begin to do or experience something.

find out v
apprendre savoir découvrir renseigner
To discover or expose (someone) as disobedient, dishonest, etc.

findable more findable most findable adj
trouvable
Able to be found.

finders, keepers proverb
qui trouve garde trouver, c’est garder
Whoever finds something is allowed to keep it.

finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ findings n
découverte résultat
A result of research or an investigation.
trouvaille
The act of discovering something by chance, an instance of finding something by chance.

fine /faɪn/ /fæːn/ finer finest adj
bien
(informal) Being acceptable, adequate, passable, or satisfactory.
fin
Of superior quality.
beau belle
(of weather) Sunny and not raining.
fin fine
Consisting of especially minute particulates; made up of particularly small pieces.
Particularly slender; especially thin, narrow, or of small girth.

fine /faɪn/ /fæːn/ more fine most fine adv
bien
Expression of (typically) reluctant or agreement.

fine /faɪn/ fines n
amende
A fee levied as punishment for breaking the law.

fine arts n
beaux-arts
The purely aesthetic arts, such as music, painting, and poetry, as opposed to industrial or functional arts such as architecture or carpentry.

fine feathers make fine birds proverb
c'est la plume qui fait l'oiseau la belle plume fait le bel oiseau
(idiom) Something that appears beautiful or good is by definition beautiful or good.

fine print n
petits caractères
(idiomatic) The details, restrictions, terms, or conditions, especially of a contract, often printed in very small type.

fine-structure constant n
constante de structure fine
(electrodynamics) The fundamental physical value α, presumed to be constant, that characterizes the strength of the electromagnetic force. Equal to about 1/137 = 0.0072973525.

fine-tooth comb /ˌfaɪntuːθ ˈkəʊm/ /ˌfaɪnˌtuθ ˈkoʊm/ v
passer au peigne fin ratisser passer au crible
(figuratively) To search (something or somewhere) meticulously.

fine-tune v
ajuster finement
(transitive) To make small adjustments to (something) until it is optimal.

fineness finenesses n
aloi titre
The ratio, in a precious metal, of the primary metal to any additives or impurities.
élancement
The ratio of length to width of a ship, aircraft or rocket

finesse /fə-/ /fɨ-/ /fɪˈnɛs/ finesses n
finesse
(uncountable) The property of having elegance, grace, refinement, or skill. [from mid 16th c.]
impasse
(countable, card games) In bridge, whist, etc.: a technique which allows one to win a trick, usually by playing a card when it is thought that a card that can beat it is held by another player whose turn is over. [from early 18th c.]

finesse /fə-/ /fɨ-/ /fɪˈnɛs/ v
finasser
(ambitransitive) To handle or manage carefully or skilfully; to manipulate in a crafty way. [from mid 18th c.]
impasse
(transitive, card games) To play (a card) as a finesse. [from mid 18th c.]

finger /ˈfɪŋəɹ/ /ˈfɪŋɡə/ /ˈfɪŋɡəɹ/ fingers n
doigt
(anatomy) A slender jointed extremity of the human hand, (often) exclusive of the thumb.
(fashion) A part of a glove intended to cover a finger.

finger /ˈfɪŋəɹ/ /ˈfɪŋɡə/ /ˈfɪŋɡəɹ/ v
pointer
(transitive) To identify or point out; to blame for something.
tripoter
(transitive) To report to or identify for the authorities; to inform on.
doigter
(transitive, sex) To use the fingers to penetrate or sexually stimulate one's own or another person's vulva, vagina, or anus.
doigter tripoter
(transitive, music) To provide instructions in written music as to which fingers are to be used to produce particular notes or passages.

finger joint finger joints n
queue droite
(construction, woodworking) A joint, usually glued, in which multiple integral protrusions are fit into mating slots, used especially for manufacturing long moldings.

finger millet finger millets n
éleusine
A plant, Eleusine coracana, grown as a cereal in parts of Africa and Asia.

finger pad finger pads n
pulpe
The fleshy underside of a human fingertip.

finger ring finger rings n
bague
A ring (often ornamental and/or precious) designed to be worn on a finger.

fingerboard fingerboards n
touche
(music, lutherie) A flat or roughly flat strip on the neck of a stringed instrument, against which the strings are pressed to shorten the vibrating length and produce notes of higher pitches.

fingering fingerings n
doigtage doigté
(music, uncountable) The act of using one's fingers in the playing of a musical instrument.
doigtage
(uncountable) The act of using the fingers to stimulate one's own, or another person's, vulva, vagina, or anus.

fingernail /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌneɪl/ fingernails n
ongle ongle de main
The hard, flat translucent covering near the tip of a human finger, useful for scratching and fine manipulation.

fingerprint /ˈfɪŋɡɚˌpɹɪnt/ fingerprints n
empreinte digitale
The natural pattern of ridges on the tips of human fingers, unique to each individual.
The patterns left on surfaces where uncovered fingertips have touched, especially as used to identify the person who touched the surface.

fingers crossed phraseologicalUnit
croiser les doigts toucher du bois
- used to express that one is expectant and hoping.

finial /ˈfaɪ-/ /ˈfɪn.i.əl/ finials n
finial fleuron
(architectural element) Especially in Gothic architecture: an ornament, often in the form of a bunch or knot of foliage, on the peak of the gable of a roof, a pediment, a pinnacle, etc.
embout poinçon épi de faîtage
(by extension) Any decorative fitting on the corner, end, or top of an object such as a canopy, a fencepost, a flagpole, a curtain rod, or the newel post of a staircase.

finicky /ˈfɪnɪki/ finickier finickiest more finicky most finicky adj
pinailleur pointilleux
(informal, of a person) Fastidious and fussy; difficult to please; exacting, especially about details.

finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ finishes n
fin
An end; the end of anything.
fini
A protective coating given to wood or metal and other surfaces.

finish /ˈfɪnɪʃ/ v
finir achever se terminer
(transitive) To put an end to; to destroy.

finish line finish lines n
ligne d'arrivée
(sports) A line marking the end of a race.

finish up v
fignoler
(ambitransitive) To complete the last details of a task.

finished /ˈfɪnɪʃt/ more finished most finished adj
fini terminé
(comparable) Processed or perfected.

finished product finished products n
produit fini
The final version of a product.

finishing move finishing moves n
coup de grâce
(video games) In media such as one-on-one fighting video games and professional wrestling, a dedicated special attack used to knock out an enemy on the brink of defeat in a flashy and spectacular manner.

finishing touch finishing touches n
touche finale
A final addition, change, or embellishment that serves to complete something.

finite /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/ /ˈfɑɪ.nɑɪt/ more finite most finite adj
fini
Having an end or limit; (of a quantity) constrained by bounds; (of a set) whose number of elements is a natural number.

finite field finite fields n
corps fini

finite verb finite verbs n
verbe fini
(grammar) A verb inflected for person and tense that can stand on its own as a complete sentence.

finite-state machine finite-state machines n
automate fini
(computing theory) A formalism for describing computation, consisting of a finite set of states and a transition function describing when to move from one state to another.

finiteness finitenesses n
finité
The state or quality of being finite.

finity finities n
finitude
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being limited in number or scope.

fir /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fɪɹ/ firs n
sapin
(chiefly, countable) A conifer of the genus Abies.

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] adj
le feu
(slang) Amazing; excellent.

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] fires n
feu incendie
(countable) An instance of this chemical reaction, especially when intentionally created and maintained in a specific location to a useful end (such as a campfire or a hearth fire).
incendie feu
(countable) The occurrence, often accidental, of fire in a certain place, causing damage and danger.
feu
(uncountable, alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned chemical reaction of burning, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
(uncountable) The bullets or other projectiles fired from a gun or other ranged weapon.
feu poêle
(countable, British) A heater or stove used in place of a real fire (such as an electric fire).

fire /ˈfaɪ.ə/ /ˈfaɪ.əɹ/ [faɪ̯ə] [fʌɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaə] [ˈfaɪ̯ɚ] [ˈfaː] [ˈfäːɚ] [ˈfɑe̯ə] [ˈfɑə] [ˈfɑəː] v
licencier congédier mettre à la porte virer limoger lourder
(transitive) To terminate the employment contract of (an employee), especially for cause (such as misconduct or poor performance).
tirer faire feu cuire
(transitive, sports) To shoot; to attempt to score a goal.

fire alarm fire alarms n
alarme incendie avertisseur d'incendie
An electromechanical or electronic bell, klaxon, chime, horn, speaker, strobe light or other device which warns people in a building of a possible fire or other condition requiring evacuation.
alarme incendie
The sound or other warning made by a fire alarm.

fire at will phraseologicalUnit
feu à volonté !
(military) Fire when ready. A command that allows troops to use weapons at their discretion and choose their own targets, allowing the individual soldier a greater freedom of timing the shot with target movement and similar.

fire blight fire blights n
feu bactérien
(plant disease) A bacterial plant disease, caused by Erwinia amylovora, that affects apples, pears and some other members of the Rosaceae family.

fire brigade /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)bɹɪˌɡeɪd/ fire brigades n
sapeurs-pompiers
(firefighting, US) A group of people within a corporation or industrial site, organized for the purpose of putting out fires, usually in addition to their normal job.
(firefighting, British) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires.

fire department fire departments n
pompiers corps des sapeurs-pompiers sapeurs-pompiers service d'incendie
(firefighting, US) An organization, often part of a local government, whose purpose is preventing and putting out fires. May provide other emergency services as well.

fire drill fire drills n
exercice d'incendie
An organized practice to prepare occupants of an office, school or other public building for evacuation in the event of a fire.

fire engine /faɪə(ɹ).ɛn.dʒɪn/ /faɪɚ.ɛn.dʒɪn/ fire engines n
voiture de pompiers camion de pompiers
(firefighting) A vehicle used by firefighters to pump water to fight a fire. Typically, a fire engine carries a supply of water and has the ability to connect to an external water supply.

fire escape fire escapes n
escalier de secours échelle de sauvetage
Any of the series of emergency doors, ladders, or stairs used to evacuate a building if a fire breaks out.

fire extinguisher /ˈfaɪəɹ ɪkˌstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ.ə(ɹ)/ fire extinguishers n
extincteur
A device that can be used to put out a fire. Usually a portable cylinder filled with carbon dioxide, dry powder or water, in the latter two cases with some means of pressurising the cylinder to expel the contents.

fire hose fire hoses n
tuyau d'incendie
A hose designed to deliver water to douse a fire, usually much stronger and wider in diameter than a garden hose.

fire hydrant fire hydrants n
bouche d'incendie borne d'incendie borne hydrante borne-fontaine poteau d'incendie
(firefighting) A device used by firefighters to obtain water from the main supply, consisting of a barrel, connections for hose and a valve assembly.

fire in the belly n
feu sacré
(idiomatic) The emotional stamina and vigor, passion, or inner drive to achieve something, to take action, etc.

fire in the hole interjection
tout le monde à couvert!

fire point fire points n
point d'inflammation
The lowest temperature at which the vapour of a fuel will continue to burn for at least five seconds after ignition by an open flame of standard dimension.

fire ship fire ships n
brûlot
(historical) A wooden ship set alight and then sent floating into an enemy flotilla, with the aim of spreading the fire among them.

fire station fire stations n
caserne de pompiers
The building where firefighters and fire trucks/fire engines are housed when not answering an alarm.

fire step fire steps n
banquette de tir
(military, chiefly, _, historical) A step or platform dug into the front side of a military trench - allowing soldiers to stand on it in order to fire over the parapet.

fire triangle fire triangles n
triangle du feu

fire whirl fire whirls n
tornade de feu
A whirling column of fire found in large fiery areas such as wildfires.

fire-eater fire-eaters n
cracheur de feu mangeur de feu
A performer who pretends to swallow fire.

fire-resistant adj
anti-feu réfractaire

fire-worship n
pyrolâtrie
The worship of fire or of a fire god or goddess.

firearm firearms n
arme à feu flingue
A personal weapon that uses explosive powder to propel a projectile often made of lead.

fireball /ˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ)ˌbɔːl/ fireballs n
bolide
(astronomy) A meteor bright enough to cast shadows.
boule de feu
(sailing) A class of sailing dinghy with a single trapeze and a symmetrical spinnaker, sailed by a crew of two.

firebrand /ˈfaɪə.bɹænd/ /ˈfaɪɚ.bɹænd/ firebrands n
brandon énergumène
(figurative) An argumentative troublemaker or revolutionary; one who agitates against the status quo.
torche brandon tison
A torch or other burning stick with a flame at one end.

firebug firebugs n
gendarme
Pyrrhocoris apterus, a common red and black insect, that is the type species of the family Pyrrhocoridae.
pyromane
(slang) a pyromaniac or arsonist.

firecracker /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)ˌkɹækə(ɹ)/ firecrackers n
pétard
A small explosive device, typically containing a small amount of gunpowder in a tightly-wound roll of paper, primarily designed to produce a large bang.
pétard soupe au lait coléreuse coléreux
A person or thing that is exciting and/or unpredictable.

firedamp firedamps n
grisou
(mining) An inflammable gas (mostly methane) found in coal mines; forms an explosive mixture with air.

firefighter /ˈfaɪ.ɚˌfaɪ.tɚ/ /ˈfaɪə(ɹ)ˌfaɪ.tə(ɹ)/ firefighters n
pompier pompière
A person who has been trained to put out fires.

firefighting n
lutte contre l’incendie
(firefighting) Extinguishing a fire.

firefly fireflies n
luciole ver luisant mouche à feu moiselle
(New England, New York, Upper Midwestern US, Western US, Florida) Any beetle of the family Lampyridae, which exhibit bioluminescence during twilight.

firelighter firelighters n
allume-feu
small block of flammable substance, typically sawdust and wax combined, used to light fires.

fireman /ˈfaɪəmən/ /ˈfaɪɹmən/ firemen n
chauffeur
(rail transport, nautical) A person (originally a man) who keeps the fire going underneath a steam boiler (originally, shoveling coal by hand), particularly on a railroad locomotive or steamship.

firenado firenadoes firenados n
tornade de feu
A fire whirl (a whirling column of fire found in large fiery areas such as wildfires, similar in appearance to a tornado made out of fire).

fireplace /ˈfaɪəpleɪs/ /ˈfaɪɹpleɪs/ fireplaces n
cheminée foyer âtre
An open hearth for holding a fire at the base of a chimney.

firepower firepowers n
puissance de feu
The capacity of a weapon to deliver fire onto a target.
The ability to deliver fire.

fireproof more fireproof most fireproof adj
ignifuge

firestriker firestrikers n
briquet
A piece of high-carbon steel used for striking a spark, usually kept in a tinderbox with flint and tinder.

firewall /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɑl/ /ˈfaɪ(ə)ɹˌwɔl/ /ˈfaɪ.əˌwɔːl/ /ˈfaɪə.wɔəl/ firewalls n
mur coupe-feu
(architecture) A fireproof barrier used to prevent the spread of fire between or through buildings, structures, electrical substation transformers, or within an aircraft or vehicle.
pare-feu
(computer security) The software that monitors traffic in and out of a private network or a personal computer and allows or blocks such traffic depending on its perceived threat.

firewater firewaters n
eau d'extinction
(manufacturing) Water for use in firefighting.

fireweed fireweeds n
épilobe à feuille étroite
A perennial herbaceous plant (Epilobium angustifolium or Chamaenerion angustifolium) in the willowherb family Onagraceae.

firewire firewires n
FireWire
A high-speed digital link standard covered by the IEEE 1394-1995 standard.

firewoman firewomen n
pompière
A female firefighter.

firewood /ˈfa.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd/ /ˈfaː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑ.əː(ɹ).wʊd/ /ˈfɑe.ə(ɹ).wʊd/ [ˈfaɪ.ɚ.wʊd] [ˈfäː.ɚ.wʊd] firewoods n
bois de chauffage
Wood intended to be burned, typically for heat.

firework /ˈfaɪɚˌwɚk/ fireworks n
feu d'artifice
A device using gunpowder and other chemicals which, when lit, emits a combination of coloured flames, sparks, whistles or bangs, and sometimes made to rocket high into the sky before exploding, used for entertainment or celebration.

fireworks /ˈfaɪ̯.ə.wɜːks/ /ˈfaɪ̯.ɚ.wɝks/ n
feux d'artifice
(plural only) An event or a display where fireworks are set off.

firing /ˈfaɪ.əɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈfaɪ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ firings n
renvoi
The dismissal of someone from a job due to poor work performance.

firing line firing lines n
ligne de feu
(military) The line from which soldiers fire their weapons at a target; especially the front line of troops in a battle.

firing squad firing squads n
peloton d’exécution
A group of soldiers or paramilitaries detailed to execute someone, usually by rifle shot, or to discharge their weapons ceremonially at a funeral.

firm /fɜɹm/ /fɜːm/ [fɝm] firms n
entreprise
(business, economics) A business enterprise, however organized.

firm up v
préciser
(transitive, idiomatic) To make (tentative plans) more definite.
affermir
(transitive) To make (muscles) more toned through physical exercise.

firmament /ˈfɜːməm(ə)nt/ /ˈfɝməmənt/ firmaments n
firmament
(usually, uncountable, literary, poetic, also, figuratively) The vault of the heavens, where the clouds, sun, moon, and stars can be seen; the heavens, the sky.

firmness /ˈfɜːmnəs/ /ˈfɝmnəs/ firmnesses n
fermeté
The state of being firm

firmware n
micrologiciel firmware logiciel interne microprogramme
(computing) Something in between hardware and software. Like software, it is created from source code, but it is closely tied to the hardware it runs on.

firn /fɪə(ɹ)n/ /fɪəɹn/ /fɪɹn/ firns n
névé
A type of old snow which has gone through multiple thaw and refreeze cycles and thus is made of numerous small icy grains, though it is not nearly as saturated with water as snowcone slush is; can be hard or somewhat soft depending on recent and current weather conditions.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adj
premier -unième première
Of or belonging to a first family.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ adv
d'abord premièrement en premier lieu auparavant avant tout primo
Before anything else; firstly.

first /fɜːst/ /fɝst/ /fɪrst/ /fʌrst/ firsts n
premier première
(uncountable) The person or thing in the first position.
première
(countable) Something that has never happened before; a new occurrence.

first aid n
premiers secours premiers soins
(medicine) Basic medical care given to an injury victim, usually where the injury is slight or where better care is not available.

first aid kit first aid kits n
trousse de secours
A collection of first aid supplies for treatment of minor injuries or stabilization of major injuries.

first and foremost adv
avant tout d’abord et avant tout
(set phrase) Primarily; most importantly.

first base first bases n
premier but première base
(singulare tantum, baseball) The base after home plate in a counter-clockwise path around a baseball infield.

first cause first causes n
cause première

first choice first choices n
premier choix
The most suitable and most optimal choice.

first class adj
première classe
Of, or relating to the most luxurious and expensive class of accommodation on a train, ship, hotel, etc.

first come, first served phraseologicalUnit
premier arrivé, premier servi
(idiomatic) People will be dealt with in the order they arrive.

first cousin once removed first cousins once removed n
petit cousin germain petite cousine germaine
A first cousin's child.

first day cover first day covers n
enveloppe premier jour
(philately) A letter or card with new stamp, posted on the day that the stamp was first issued.

first floor first floors n
premier étage
(North America) The floor of a building at the level of the street or surrounding ground; the ground floor

first gear first gears n
première première vitesse
The first gear of an transmission, which provides the lowest output speed and greatest mechanical advantage.

first grade first grades n
CP
(US, education) The first year of grade school, the period in school that comes after kindergarten and before second grade. Children usually begin first grade at age six.

first leg first legs n
match aller aller

first love first loves n
premier amour
(literally) One's first experience of the feeling of romantic love.
(by extension) The first person to be the object of one's romantic affection.
(idiomatic, by extension) The thing, place, or activity of which one is fondest; one's most fundamental interest or attachment.

first mate first mates n
second second capitaine
(nautical) An officer on a merchant ship next in rank to the captain and responsible to the captain for the safety and security of the ship.

first of all adv
avant toutes choses en premier lieu tout d’abord
(sequence, idiomatic) Firstly; before anything else.

first person first persons n
première personne
A form of narrative writing using verbs in the first person in order to give the impression that the action is happening to the narrator.

first things first phraseologicalUnit
parer au plus pressé
Let's deal with matters of highest priority first; let's deal with matters in logical sequence.

first time /fɜːst taɪm/ /fɝst taɪm/ first times n
première fois
An individual's first instance of sexual intercourse.

first-aid box first-aid boxes n
trousse de secours
A box containing first aid and medical supplies.

first-aider first-aiders n
secouriste
Someone who can administer first aid

first-come-first-served adj
premier arrivé, premier servi

first-degree murder first-degree murders n
assassinat meurtre au premier degré
(legal, chiefly, US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form considered by law to be the most serious; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves premeditation, or the choice of victim or other circumstances being regarded as especially blameworthy.

first-person shooter first-person shooters n
jeu de tir à la première personne
(video games) A combat or video game in the genre characterized by a three-dimensional view from the player's perspective and the ability to fire a weapon.

first-rate adj
de premier choix
(idiomatic) Superb, exceptional; of the best sort; very high quality.

firstborn /ˈfɜː(ɹ)st.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ [ˈfɜːst.ˌbɔːn] [ˈfɝst.ˌbɔɚ̯n] firstborn firstborns n
aîné ainé premier-né
The first child to be born to a parent or family.

firstly /ˈfɜɹstli/ adv
d'abord en premier lieu premièrement primo avant tout
(formal) In the first place; before anything else; first.

fiscal /ˈfɪskəl/ more fiscal most fiscal adj
budgétaire
Related to the treasury of a country, company, region or city, particularly to government spending and revenue.

fiscal policy fiscal policies n
politique budgétaire
(economics) Government policy that attempts to influence the direction of the economy through changes in government spending or taxes.

fiscal year fiscal years n
année fiscale exercice fiscal année financière exercice comptable
(accounting) An accounting period of one year, not necessarily coinciding with the calendar year.

fiscality fiscalities n
fiscalité
All matters concerning taxation

fish /fɘʃ/ /fɪʃ/ fish fishes n
poisson
(archaic, or, loosely) Any animal (or any vertebrate) that lives exclusively in water.
poisson poissons
(uncountable) The flesh of the fish used as food.
pêche
(uncountable) A card game in which the object is to obtain cards in pairs or sets of four (depending on the variation), by asking the other players for cards of a particular rank.
(countable, nautical) A makeshift overlapping longitudinal brace, originally shaped roughly like a fish, used to temporarily repair or extend a spar or mast of a ship.

fish /fɘʃ/ /fɪʃ/ v
pêcher
(intransitive, followed by "for" or "around for") To talk to people in an attempt to get them to say something, or seek to obtain something by artifice.

fish and chips n
fish 'n' chips fish and chips poisson frit avec des frites poisson-frites
A meal of fish fried in batter and served with chips (fried potato pieces), popular throughout the Anglosphere, especially in coastal regions.

fish farm fish farms n
ferme piscicole
A place or facility dedicated to the raising of fish or other seafood for sale.

fish farmer fish farmers n
pisciculteur

fish finger fish fingers n
bâtonnet de poisson bâton de poisson
(chiefly, UK) A rectangular stick of processed fish coated in breadcrumbs that is cooked by frying or grilling.

fish food n
nourriture pour poisson
Food for fish that are kept in aquaria; sprinkled on the surface of the water, usually in the form of dry flakes.

fish fork fish forks n
fourchette à poisson
A fork intended for eating fish and other seafood, as at formal dining where different forks are provided for different courses.

fish in troubled waters v
pêcher en eau trouble
(idiomatic) To try to gain something by taking advantage of a confused or troubled situation.

fish ladder fish ladders n
passe à poissons
A structure built on or around dams or locks to facilitate the migration of fish.

fish oil fish oils n
huile de poisson
A dietary supplement made up of oil derived from the tissues of oily fish, manufactured and sold in liquid, capsule and tablet forms.

fish paste fish pastes n
pissalat
A condiment, similar to fish sauce but thicker, made from fermented fish or shellfish and widely used in Southeast Asian cuisine.

fish sauce fish sauces n
sauce de poisson
A condiment made from fermented fish.

fish trap fish traps n
nasse
A contraption made of wires, rods, fishing-net or other suitable materials with the purpose of catching fish alive.

fish-filled adj
poissonneux

fish-knife fish-knives n
couteau à poisson
A knife for cutting and serving fish at table.

fishbone fishbones n
arête arête de poisson
A bone from a fish.

fishcake fishcakes n
acras
A mixture of flaked fish, mashed potato and seasoning made into a patty and shallow fried.

fisher /ˈfɪʃə/ /ˈfɪʃɚ/ fishers n
pêcheur pêcheuse bateau de pêche bateau-pêcheur
A person who catches fish, especially for a living or for sport; a person engaging in the pastime of fishing.
pékan
A North American marten, Martes pennanti, that has thick brown fur.

fisherman /ˈfɪʃəmən/ /ˈfɪʃɚmən/ fishermen fisherwoman n
pêcheur pêcheuse
A fisher, a person engaged in fishing:
A person whose profession is catching fish.

fisherwoman /ˈfɪʃəˌwʊmən/ fisherwomen n
pêcheuse
A woman whose profession is catching fish.

fishery /ˈfɪʃəɹi/ fisheries n
pêcherie
(uncountable) Fishing: the catching, processing and marketing of fish or other seafood.
(countable) A place related to fishing, particularly:

fisheye lens fisheye lenses n
fisheye objectif fisheye objectif hypergone
(photography) A wide-angle lens having an extremely wide field of view (approaching or exceeding 180 degrees) and producing images that are circular or distorted by curvature at the edges.

fishhook /ˈfɪʃˌhʊk/ fishhooks n
hameçon
a barbed hook, usually metal, used for fishing

fishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ fishings n
pêche
(uncountable, informal) The act of catching other forms of seafood, separately or together with fish.
(uncountable) Commercial fishing: the business or industry of catching fish and other seafood for sale.

fishing boat fishing boats n
bateau de pêche navire de pêche
A boat used for fishing.

fishing cat fishing cats n
chat viverrin chat pêcheur
A medium-sized cat whose habitat range extends through Indochina, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and Java; (Prionailurus viverrinus).

fishing expedition fishing expeditions n
partie de pêche recherche à l'aveuglette
(idiomatic, legal, informal, pejorative) A search for information, especially incriminating information, that is conducted without specific direction or goal, in the hope that something may turn up.

fishing ground fishing grounds n
zone de pêche
An area of water used for fishing (usually a sea area).

fishing line fishing lines n
ligne de pêche
A cord or line where the hook or lure is attached.

fishing net fishing nets n
filet de pêche
A net used for fishing.

fishing pole fishing poles n
gaule
A pole used for fishing.

fishing rod fishing rods n
canne à pêche
A rod, often made in sections, which carries a line used for angling and is used to support both the line and the reel and to cast the line.

fishmeal fishmeals n
farine de poisson
Ground dried fish, used mainly for livestock feed.

fishmonger /ˈfɪʃˌmʌŋɡ.ə(ɹ)/ fishmongers n
poissonnier marchand de poisson poissonnière
(British) A person who sells fish.
proxénète
(figurative, archaic) A pimp.

fishmonger's n
poissonnerie
(UK) A shop that sells wet fish and seafood.

fishnet fishnets n
résille
(uncountable) A fabric with an open diamond-shaped structure; normally used for stockings etc
(countable, usually, in the plural) Stockings made of fishnet fabric.

fishplate fishplates n
éclisse
(rail transport) A metal bar that is bolted to the ends of two rails to join them together in a track.

fishpond fishponds n
vivier
A freshwater pond stocked with fish; especially one formerly attached to a monastery etc as a source of food

fishtail /ˈfɪʃteɪl/ fishtails n
queue de poisson
The skidding of the back of a vehicle from side to side.

fishwife fishwives n
poissarde poissonnière
(archaic) A woman who sells or works with fish; a female fishmonger.
poissarde
(pejorative) A vulgar, abusive or nagging woman with a loud, unpleasant voice.

fishy /ˈfɪʃi/ fishier fishiest adj
ichthyique poisson
Of, from, or similar to fish.
suspect
(figurative) Suspicious; inspiring doubt.

fishy /ˈfɪʃi/ fishies n
petit poisson
(childish) .

fissile /ˈfɪsˌaɪ.əl/ /ˈfɪsˌəl/ more fissile most fissile adj
fissible
Able to be split.

fission /ˈfɪʃən/ /ˈfɪʒən/ fissions n
fission scissiparité
(biology) The process by which a bacterium splits to form two daughter cells.

fission /ˈfɪʃən/ /ˈfɪʒən/ v
fissionner
(transitive) To cause to undergo fission.

fissiparous /fɪˈsɪpəɹəs/ more fissiparous most fissiparous adj
incohérent
Factious, tending to break into pieces.
fissurant
Causing division or fragmenting something.

fissure /ˈfɪʃ.ə/ /ˈfɪʃ.ɚ/ /ˈfɪʒ.ɚ/ fissures n
fissure
A long, narrow crack or opening made by breaking or splitting, especially in rock or earth.

fist /fɪst/ fists n
poing
A hand with the fingers clenched or curled inward.
manicule
(printing) The pointing hand symbol ☞.

fist-fuck v
fister
(vulgar, slang) To insert and remove and move a (fisted) hand in someone's vagina or rectum.

fistball n
fistball
A European sport in which players attempt to hit a ball over a net with fists or arms.

fistfight /ˈfɪstˌfaɪt/ fistfights n
pugilat
A fight using bare fists.

fisticuffs /ˈfɪs.tɪ.kʌfs/ n
bagarre rififi
(plurale tantum, informal) An impromptu fight with the fists, usually between only two people.

fisting /ˈfɪstɪŋ/ fistings n
fisting
(slang) The sexual practice of inserting one or both hands into the vagina or rectum of one's sexual partner.

fistula /ˈfɪs.tjə.lə/ /ˈfɪs.tʃʊ.lə/ /ˈfɪs.t͡ʃu.lə/ fistulae fistulas fistulæ n
fistule
(medicine) An abnormal connection or passageway between organs or vessels that normally do not connect.

fistulous withers n
mal de garrot
(veterinary medicine, pathology, horses) Inflammation of the serous bursa of withers in horses which bursts outside, creating a fistula.

fit /fɪt/ fitter fittest adj
adapté approprié convenable correct
Suitable, proper.
adapté apte
Adapted to a purpose or environment.
en bonne forme
In good shape; physically well.
canon
(British, informal, chiefly, slang) Sexually attractive; good-looking; fanciable.

fit /fɪt/ fits n
crise
A seizure or convulsion.
A sudden outburst of emotion.
accès
(medicine) A sudden and vigorous appearance of a symptom over a short period of time.

fit /fɪt/ v
convenir être adapté être approprié
(intransitive) To have sufficient space available at some location to be able to be there.
convenir aller être adapté être approprié
(transitive) To conform to in size and shape.
ajuster
(transitive) To tailor; to change to the appropriate size.
convenir aller adapter ajuster fitter être adapté
(transitive, with to) To make conform in size and shape.

fit as a fiddle /ˈfɪt æz ə ˈfɪdl̩/ adj
frais comme un gardon
(simile, colloquial) Perfectly fit; in excellent condition or health.

fit like a glove v
aller comme un gant
(simile) To be a perfect fit, to be exactly the right size.

fit out v
équiper aménager
(idiomatic) To provide a thing, a group, a person or oneself with requisites; to kit out.

fit the bill v
faire l'affaire
(idiom) To satisfy a need; to serve a purpose; to fulfill specified requirements.

fitful /ˈfɪtf(ə)l/ /ˈfɪtf(ʊ)l/ more fitful most fitful adj
irrégulier sporadique
(by extension) Characterized by sudden bursts of activity with periods of inactivity in between; intermittent, irregular, unsteady.

fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ fitnesses n
condition physique
The condition of being fit, suitable or appropriate.
fitness
The cultivation of an attractive and/or healthy physique.

fits and starts n
à-coups
(idiomatic) Activity which is intermittent, variable in intensity, and prolonged by interruptions.

fitted carpet fitted carpets n
moquette

fitted sheet fitted sheets n
drap-housse
A sheet tailored to form pocket for a mattress with elastic edges that is suitable for a range of mattress sizes. The edge may also contain a drawstring to secure the sheet more firmly and enable use on a wider range of mattress thicknesses.

fitter /ˈfɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɪtɚ/ [ˈfɪɾɚ] fitters n
ajusteur
A person who fits or assembles something.

fitting /fɪtɪŋ/ more fitting most fitting adj
approprié conforme convenable
Appropriate; suitable.

fitting /fɪtɪŋ/ fittings n
coupleur
(engineering) A tube connector; a standardized connecting part of a piping system to attach sections of pipe together, such as a coupling
essayage
The act of trying on clothes to inspect or adjust the fit.

five /faɪv/ /fäːv/ fives n
cinq
The digit/figure 5.
A banknote with a denomination of five units of currency. See also fiver.

five /faɪv/ /fäːv/ numeral
cinq
A numerical value equal to 5; the number following four and preceding six.

five hundred /ˈfaɪv ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfaɪv ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
cinq cents
The cardinal number occurring after four hundred ninety-nine and before five hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 500. Ordinal: five-hundredth.

five hundred twelfth note five hundred twelfth notes n
septuple croche
(music, very rare) A note played for ​1⁄512 of the duration of a whole note.

five o'clock n
cinq heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the sixth hour of the day; 5:00 a.m. (05:00).

five senses n
cinq sens
The five major senses in most animals: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

five thousand numeral
cinq mille
5000

fivefold adj
quintuple

fivesome fivesomes n
quintuor
A group of five people or things.
An orgy (group sex) consisting of five people.

fix /ˈfɪks/ fixes n
dose réparation
A prearrangement of the outcome of a supposedly competitive process, such as a sporting event, a game, an election, a trial, or a bid.

fix /ˈfɪks/ v
tricher truquer
(transitive) To make (a contest, vote, or gamble) unfair; to privilege one contestant or a particular group of contestants, usually before the contest begins; to arrange immunity for defendants by tampering with the justice system via bribery or extortion.
stériliser
(transitive, US, informal) To surgically render an animal, especially a pet, infertile.
fixer réparer préparer
(intransitive) To become firm, so as to resist volatilization; to cease to flow or be fluid; to congeal; to become hard and malleable, as a metallic substance.

fix room fix rooms n
salle de shoot

fix up v
réparer
(transitive) To repair or refurbish.

fixation /fɪksˈeɪʃən/ fixations n
fixation
The act of fixing.
The state of being fixed or fixated.
A state of mind involving obsession with a particular person, idea, or thing.

fixed /fɪkst/ more fixed most fixed adj
fixé fixe
Not able to change or vary.
castré châtré
(dialectal, informal) Surgically rendered infertile (spayed, neutered or castrated).

fixed asset fixed assets n
actif immobilisé immobilisation
(business, accounting) Asset or property which cannot easily be converted into cash, such as land, buildings and machinery.

fixed cost fixed costs n
coût fixe
(accounting, chiefly, in the plural) A cost of business which does not vary with output or sales; an overhead.

fixed point adj
virgule fixe
(computing) Pertaining to fixed point representations or operations.

fixed point fixed points n
point fixe
(mathematics) A value which is unchanged by a function or other mapping. Formally: a value x for which f(x) = x.

fixed-gear bicycle fixed-gear bicycles n
vélo à pignon fixe
A bicycle that does not have a freewheel, and only has a single gear ratio.

fixed-term contract fixed-term contracts n
CDD contrat à durée déterminée
A contract which is valid only for a pre-arranged length of time.

fixedly /ˈfɪks(t)li/ /ˈfɪksɪdli/ more fixedly most fixedly adv
fixement
In a fixed manner.

fixer fixers n
fixateur
(photography) A chemical (sodium thiosulfate) used in photographic development that fixes the image in place, preventing further chemical reactions.

fixism n
fixisme

fixist fixists n
fixiste

fixture /ˈfɪks.t͡ʃə/ /ˈfɪks.t͡ʃɚ/ fixtures n
habitué
A regular patron of a place or institution; a person constantly present at a certain place.
luminaire
A lighting unit; a luminaire.
rencontre
(sports, chiefly, British, Commonwealth, Irish) A scheduled match.

fizzle out v
finir en queue de poisson
To lose excitement, to become less exciting; to end, fail or die out in a weak or disappointing way.

fizzy water fizzy waters n
eau gazeuse
carbonated water.

fjeld /fjɛld/ fjelds n
fjeld
(geography) A rocky, barren plateau, especially in Scandinavia.

fjord /fiˈɔɹd/ /fiˈɔːd/ /fjɔɹd/ /fjɔːd/ /ˈfiːɔːd/ fjords n
fjord fiord
A long, narrow, deep inlet between cliffs.

flabbergast /ˈflæbə(ˌ)ɡɑːst/ /ˈflæbɚˌɡæst/ v
époustoufler
(transitive) To overwhelm with bewilderment; to amaze, confound, or stun, especially in a ludicrous manner. [from late 18th c.]

flabbergasted /ˈflæbə(ˌ)ɡæstəd/ /ˈflæbə(ˌ)ɡɑːstəd/ /ˈflæbɚˌɡæstəd/ more flabbergasted most flabbergasted adj
sidéré
Appalled, annoyed, exhausted or disgusted.

flabbergastedly more flabbergastedly most flabbergastedly adv
pantoisement

flabby /ˈflæb.i/ flabbier flabbiest adj
flasque ramolli
Yielding to the touch, and easily moved or shaken; hanging loose by its own weight; lacking firmness; flaccid.

flaccid /ˈflæ(k)sɪd/ more flaccid most flaccid adj
flasque
Flabby.
Soft; floppy.
Lacking energy or vigor.

flag /fleɪɡ/ /flæɡ/ flags n
pavillon
drapeau flag sémaphore
(computer science) A variable or memory location that stores a true-or-false, yes-or-no value, typically either recording the fact that a certain event has occurred or requesting that a certain optional action take place.
option switch
(computer science) In a command line interface, a command parameter requesting optional behavior or otherwise modifying the action of the command being invoked.
drapeau
(mathematics, linear algebra) A sequence of subspaces of a vector space, beginning with the null space and ending with the vector space itself, such that each member of the sequence (until the last) is a proper subspace of the next.
drapeau étendard
(internet slang, ACG) A plot or words of a character in an animation, etc., that would usually lead to a specific outcome or event, not logically or causally, but as a pattern of the animation, etc.

flag /fleɪɡ/ /flæɡ/ v
affaiblir
(intransitive) To weaken, become feeble.

flag down v
se manifester
(transitive, idiomatic) Use a flag or similar kind of signal to get someone's attention.

flag of convenience flags of convenience n
pavillon de complaisance
(figuratively) Registration of a ship in a country chosen for its low taxes, permissive regulations, and so on.
(literally) The flag flown by a ship so registered (which flag then corresponds to the country of registration).

flag officer flag officers n
officier général

flag semaphore n
alphabet sémaphore

flag-bearer flag-bearers n
porte-drapeau
One who carries a flag, especially at a ceremony.

flagellantism flagellantisms n
flagellantisme

flagellum /fləˈd͡ʒɛləm/ flagella flagellae flagellums n
flagelle
(biology) In protists, a long, whiplike membrane-enclosed organelle used for locomotion or feeding.
(biology) In bacteria, a long, whiplike proteinaceous appendage, used for locomotion.

flageolet /ˈflæd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈflæʒəleɪ/ flageolets n
flageolet
(music) A type of small flute of the fipple family.
A type of small light green kidney-shaped bean, common in France.

flagpole /ˈflæɡˌpoʊl/ flagpoles n
mât mât de drapeau
A tall pole up which one or more flags may be raised and flown.

flagrant /ˈfleɪ.ɡɹənt/ more flagrant most flagrant adj
flagrant
Obvious and offensive; blatant; scandalous.

flagship /ˈflæɡʃɪp/ flagships n
navire amiral vaisseau amiral bateau amiral
(nautical, military) The ship occupied by the fleet's commander (usually an admiral); it denotes this by flying his flag.
navire amiral fleuron phare vaisseau amiral
(by extension, often, attributive) The most important one out of a related group.

flagstone /ˈflæɡ.stəʊn/ flagstones n
dalle lauze
A flat, rectangular piece of rock or stone used for paving or roofing.
dalle
One of several types of rock easily split and suitable for making flagstones.

flail /fleɪl/ /fɹeɪl/ flails n
fléau
A tool used for threshing, consisting of a long handle (handstock) with a shorter stick (swipple or swingle) attached with a short piece of chain, thong or similar material.
fléau d’armes
A weapon which has the (usually spherical) striking part attached to the handle with a flexible joint such as a chain.

flail /fleɪl/ /fɹeɪl/ v
débattre
(transitive) To wave or swing vigorously
battre passer à tabac rosser
(transitive) To thresh.

flair /flɛə̯/ /flɛɚ̯/ flairs n
don talent aptitude
A natural or innate talent or aptitude.
style panache
Distinctive style or elegance.

flak /flæk/ flaks n
DCA défense anti-aérienne lutte anti-aérienne
Ground-based anti-aircraft guns firing explosive shells. [from 1938]

flak jacket flak jackets n
gilet pare-éclats
A special piece of clothing worn by soldiers to protect them from shrapnel and grenade fragments, other non-direct fire and battlefield debris. Sometimes used informally to connote any of the various forms of a bullet-proof vest.

flake /fleɪk/ flakes n
fragment éclat flocon
A loose filmy mass or a thin chiplike layer of anything
éclat
(archaeology) A prehistoric tool chipped out of stone.
planche pourrie
(informal) A person who is impractical, flighty, unreliable, or inconsistent; especially with maintaining a living.

flake /fleɪk/ v
peler planter s'effriter s'écailler
(colloquial) To prove unreliable or impractical; to abandon or desert, to fail to follow through.

flaky /ˈfleɪkiː/ flakier flakiest adj
lâcheur
(informal, of a, person) Unreliable; likely to make plans with others but then abandon those plans.

flam /flæm/ flams n
fla

flambeau /flamˈbəʊ/ /ˈflambəʊ/ flambeaus flambeaux n
flambeau
A burning torch, especially one carried in procession.

flamberge flamberges n
flamberge
(weaponry) A European sword, typically a greatsword, which had a wavy blade, possibly to increase the cutting surface or for aid in parrying.

flamboyant /flamˈbɔɪ.ənt/ /flæmˈbɔɪ.(j)ənt/ more flamboyant most flamboyant adj
extravagant
Showy, bold or audacious in behaviour, appearance, etc.
flamboyant
(architecture) Referring to the final stage of French Gothic architecture from the 14th to the 16th centuries.

flambé adj
flambé
(cooking) Being, or having been, flambéed.

flambé v
flamber
To cook with a showy technique where an alcoholic beverage, such as brandy, is added to hot food and then the fumes are ignited.

flame /fleɪm/ flames n
flamme
The visible part of fire; a stream of burning vapour or gas, emitting light and heat.
polémique
(Internet, somewhat, dated) An aggressively insulting criticism or remark.

flame war flame wars n
polémique
(Internet) An argument consisting entirely or largely of flames by various parties that serve only to escalate the dispute.

flamen /ˈfleɪmən/ flamens flamines n
flamine flaminique
(historical, Ancient Rome) a priest devoted to the service of a particular god, from whom he received a distinguishing epithet. The most honored were those of Jupiter, Mars, and Quirinus, called respectively Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, and Flamen Quirinalis.

flamenco /fləˈmɛŋkəʊ/ flamencos n
flamenco
(uncountable) A genre of folk music and dance native to Andalusia, in Spain.

flamethrower /ˈfleɪmˌθɹoʊ.ɚ/ /ˈfleɪmˌθɹəʊ.ə/ flamethrowers n
lance-flamme
A device that projects a flame for starting fires, and sometimes also additional fuel to help ignition. Used either as a weapon or a tool.

flaming /ˈfleɪmɪŋ/ more flaming most flaming adj
enflammé flambant
On fire with visible flames.

flamingo /fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/ flamingoes flamingos n
flamant phénicoptère
A wading bird of the family Phoenicopteridae.

flammable /ˈflæməbəl/ more flammable most flammable adj
inflammable
Capable of burning, especially a liquid.
Easily set on fire.
Subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion.

flanconade flanconades n
flanconnade
(fencing) A thrust in the side.

flaneur /flæˈnɜː(ɹ)/ /flɑˈnʊɚ/ /flɑːˈnɜː(ɹ)/ flaneurs n
baladeur flâneur promeneur
One who wanders aimlessly, who roams, who travels at a lounging pace.

flange /flænd͡ʒ/ flanges n
bride
An external or internal rib or rim, used either to add strength or to hold something in place.

flank /flæŋk/ flanks n
flanc
(anatomy) The flesh between the last rib and the hip; the side.
(military) The extreme left or right edge of a military formation, army etc.
The side of something, in general senses.
flanchet
(cooking) A cut of meat from the flank of an animal.

flank steak flank steaks n
bavette

flannel /ˈflænəl/ flannels n
flanelle
(uncountable) A soft cloth material originally woven from wool, today often combined with cotton or synthetic fibers.

flap /flæp/ flaps n
abattant volet
rabat
A hinged leaf.
battement volet de bord de fuite
(aviation) A hinged surface on the trailing edge of the wings of an aeroplane, used to increase lift and drag.
pan
A side fin of a ray.

flap /flæp/ v
battre
(transitive) To move (something broad and loose) up and down.

flap seat flap seats n
strapontin
A hinged seat that can be raised when not in use.

flap steak flap steaks n
bavette bavette de bas de surlonge

flapjack /ˈflæpd͡ʒæk/ flapjacks n
flapjack
(British) A bar made of (though not limited to) rolled oats, butter, golden syrup, and brown sugar, baked in a tray.

flare /flɛə̯/ /flɛɚ̯/ flares n
signal lumineux
feu de Bengale feu de bengale
A type of pyrotechnic that produces a brilliant light without an explosion, used to attract attention in an emergency, to illuminate an area, or as a decoy.
fusée lumineuse
A source of brightly burning light or intense heat.
arrondi
(aviation) The transition from downward flight to level flight just before landing.

flare gun flare guns n
pistolet de détresse
A large-bore pistol-like firearm used to fire signal flares.

flare up v
se raviver
(intransitive) To burn brightly again.
s'embraser
(intransitive) To become more intense suddenly.
emporter
(intransitive, sometimes with “out” instead of “up”) To burst out suddenly, as in anger.

flash /flæʃ/ flashes n
éclair flash
A sudden, short, temporary burst of light.

flash /flæʃ/ v
clignoter
(intransitive) To blink; to shine or illuminate intermittently.
s'exhiber
(transitive) To telephone a person, only allowing the phone to ring once, in order to request a call back.

flash drive flash drives n
clé USB disque dur flash disque dur à mémoire flash disque flash disque à mémoire flash
(computer hardware) A small electronic device used to store digital data, more portable and robust than a hard drive.

flash flood flash floods n
crue éclair
(meteorology) A sudden, rapid flood, usually of short duration and local impact.

flash in the pan flash in the pans flashes in the pan n
feu de paille
A transient occurrence with no long-term effect.

flash mob flash mobs n
flash mob
A group of people who rapidly assemble, perform an unusual and seemingly pointless act, and then quickly disperse. [from 2003]

flash photography n
photographie au flash
Taking photographs using a camera with a flash.

flash point /ˈflæʃ.ˌpɔɪnt/ flash points n
point d'inflammabilité
(physics) The lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid.

flash-ball flash-balls n
lanceur de balle de défense
A form of handgun that fires projectiles of rubber or similar material, used mainly by law enforcement officers for riot control.

flash-bang flash-bangs n
grenade assourdissante
A hand grenade that produces a very bright flash and a loud explosion, but no shrapnel and minimal explosive force, to disorient the target.

flashback /ˈflæʃ.bæk/ flashbacks n
flashback analepse retour en arrière
(authorship) A dramatic device in which an earlier event is inserted into the normal chronological flow of a narrative.

flashcard /ˈflæʃˌkɑɹd/ flashcards n
carte mémoire flashcard
A card used to aid rote memorization. One side of the card contains data of one kind, or a question, and the other side contains the associated response which one wants to memorize. For example, one side could contain an English word, and the other side the Spanish translation.
carte mémoire
(electronics) A solid-state digital memory storage format, commonly found on computers, digital cameras and cellphones.

flasher flashers n
exhibitionniste
(slang) Someone who exposes themselves indecently; someone who ‘flashes’ their genitals.

flashforward flashforwards n
flashforward
(authorship) A dramatic device in which a future event is inserted into the normal chronological flow of a narrative.

flashgun flashguns n
flash
(photography) Any similar unit used to generate repeatable flashes of light for photography.

flashlight /ˈflæʃˌlaɪt/ flashlights n
lampe de poche lampe torche
(US, Canada) A battery-powered hand-held light source.

flashy /ˈflæʃi/ flashier flashiest adj
tape-à-l’œil
Showy; visually impressive, attention-getting, or appealing.

flask /ˈflæsk/ /ˈflɑːsk/ flasks n
flacon flasque
A container used to discreetly carry a small amount of a hard alcoholic beverage; a pocket flask.
fiole ballon
(sciences) Laboratory glassware used to hold larger volumes than test tubes, normally having a narrow mouth of a standard size which widens to a flat or spherical base.

flat /flæt/ flatter flattest adj
plat aplati
Having no variations in height.
ennuyeux plate
(figurative) Lacking liveliness or action; depressed; uninteresting; dull and boring.
bémol
(music, note) Lowered by one semitone.
bas grave
(music) Of a note or voice, lower in pitch than it should be.
crevé à plat dégonflé
(of a tire or other inflated object) Deflated, especially because of a puncture.
plat
(of a carbonated drink) With all or most of its carbon dioxide having come out of solution so that the drink no longer fizzes or contains any bubbles.
à plat
(of a battery) Unable to emit power; dead.

flat /flæt/ more flat most flat adv
pile
(with units of time, distance, etc) Used to emphasize the smallness of the measurement.

flat /flæt/ flats n
bémol
(music) A note played one chromatic semitone lower than a natural, denoted by the symbol ♭ placed after the letter representing the note (e.g., B♭) or in front of the note symbol (e.g. ♭♪).

flat as a pancake more flat as a pancake most flat as a pancake adj
plat comme une crêpe
(simile) Particularly or extremely flat.

flat cap flat caps n
casquette
A man's cap made from wool, tweed, or other soft material. It has a small peak and fits snugly on the head.

flat iron steak flat iron steaks n
macreuse
(North America) A tender, flavorful cut of beef from the shoulder of the steer.

flat peach flat peaches n
pêche plate
A subspecies or variety of peach Prunus persica subsp. platycarpa, with white flesh and a flattish, round shape.

flat rate flat rates n
forfait forfaitaire

flat tyre flat tyres n
crevaison pneu crevé
A tyre of a motor vehicle that is deflated, especially one deflated because of a puncture when in use.

flat-earther flat-earthers n
terreplatiste
A person who believes or advocates the theory that the planet Earth is flat.

flat-headed cat flat-headed cats n
chat à tête plate
Prionailurus planiceps, a small wild cat patchily distributed in the Thai-Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra.

flat-rate adj
forfaitaire
(UK) Being or relating to a flat rate.

flatback flatbacks n
tortue à dos plat
A chelonid turtle, Natator depressus, with low-domed carapace, endemic to the continental shelf of Australia.

flatcar flatcars n
wagon plat
(rail, US) A railroad freight car without sides and roof.

flatfish /ˈflætfɪʃ/ flatfish flatfishes n
poisson plat
A fish of the order Pleuronectiformes, the adults of which have both eyes on one side and usually swim with the other side down, such as a flounder, a halibut, or a sole.

flatfoot flatfeet flatfoots n
pied plat
A person having the above condition.

flatmate /ˈflætmeɪt/ flatmates n
colocataire coloc
A person with whom one shares a flat.
colocataire
(UK, Ireland, NZ) A person with whom one shares any rental dwelling, not necessarily a flat.

flatness /ˈflætnəs/ flatnesses n
planéité
The state of being flat
planitude planéité platitude
The state of being two-dimensional; planar : planarity
platitude
The state of being bland : dullness
matité
Mattness, the quality of a painted surface which scatters or absorbs the light falling on it, so as to be substantially free from gloss or sheen
goût de l’évent
(oenology) Lack of bouquet and freshness of a wine, through too much aeration or infection with film yeasts

flatscreen flatscreens n
écran plat
A screen or device of this kind.

flatten /ˈflætən/ v
aplatir
(transitive) To make something flat or flatter.

flatten the curve v
aplatir la courbe
(epidemiology, colloquial) To reduce the rate at which an infection spreads during an epidemic, decreasing the number of active cases at any given time by increasing the period of time over which numbers of similar cases occur.

flatter /ˈflætə/ /ˈflætɚ/ [ˈflæɾɚ] v
flatter
To compliment someone, often (but not necessarily) insincerely and sometimes to win favour.
To enhance or gratify someone's vanity by praising them.
To portray someone to advantage.

flattered more flattered most flattered adj
flatté
In a positive mood because of a comment or action which causes one to feel proud of oneself.

flatterer flatterers n
flatteur flatteuse
One who flatters.

flattery /ˈflæt.ə.ɹi/ /ˈflæt.ɚ.i/ flatteries n
flatterie
(countable) An instance of excessive praise.

flatulence /ˈflæt͡ʃələns/ flatulences n
flatulence
The state of having gas, often smelly, trapped (and when released, frequently with noise) in the digestive system of a human and some other animals; wind; and when released, a flatus, a fart.

flatulent /ˈflætjʊlənt/ more flatulent most flatulent adj
flatulent
Affected by gas in the intestine; likely to fart.

flatulist /ˈflæt͡ʃəlɪst/ flatulists n
pétomane
An entertainer whose routine consists solely or primarily of farting in a creative, musical, or amusing manner.

flatworm flatworms n
ver plat
Any of very many parasitic or free-living worms, of the phylum Platyhelminthes, having a flattened body with no skeleton or body cavity.

flaunt /flɑnt/ /flɑːnt/ /flɒnt/ /flɔnt/ /flɔːnt/ v
exhiber parader étaler

flautist /ˈflɔːtɪst/ flautists n
flûtiste flutiste
One who plays the flute.

flavor /ˈfleɪvə/ /ˈfleɪvɚ/ flavors n
saveur goût
The quality produced by the sensation of taste or, especially, of taste and smell in combined effect.
saveur
Flavoring, a substance used to produce a taste.
A variety (of taste) attributed to an object.
The characteristic quality of something.
saveur style
(particle physics) One of the six types of quarks (top, bottom, strange, charmed, up, and down) or three types of leptons (electron, muon, and tauon).

flavor /ˈfleɪvə/ /ˈfleɪvɚ/ v
assaisonner
(American spelling, transitive) To add flavoring to something.

flavor enhancer flavor enhancers n
exhausteur de goût
Any substance added to a food product to enhance its taste, especially to make it taste more savoury or to add umami

flaw /flɑ/ /flɔ/ /flɔː/ flaws n
défaut crapaud fissure
A crack or breach, a gap or fissure; a defect of continuity or cohesion.
crapaud
(legal) A defect or error in a contract or other document which may make the document invalid or ineffective.
faille
A defect, fault, or imperfection, especially one that is hidden.

flaw /ˈflɔː/ flaws n
bourrasque
A sudden burst or gust of wind of short duration; windflaw.
tumulte
A sudden burst of noise and disorder

flawed more flawed most flawed adj
déficient incorrect
Having a flaw or imperfection.

flawless /ˈflɑləs/ /ˈflɔləs/ /ˈflɔːləs/ more flawless most flawless adj
parfait impeccable
Without flaws, defects, or shortcomings; perfect.

flax /flæks/ /flɛks/ flaxes n
lin lin cultivé
The fibers of Linum usitatissimum, grown to make linen and related textiles.
The flax bush, a plant of the genus Phormium, native to New Zealand, with strap-like leaves up to 3 metres long that grow in clumps.

flax-leaved daphne n
daphné garou saint-bois
Daphne gnidium, a poisonous evergreen shrub from the Mediterranean region with dense dark-green foliage and fragrant white flowers.

flaxen /ˈflæk.sən/ adj
de lin
Made of or resembling flax fibers.
(of hair) A pale yellow brown as of dried flax; blonde.

flaxseed /ˈflæksiːd/ flaxseeds n
linette graine de lin
The seed of the flax plant; a source of linseed oil.

flaxseed oil flaxseed oils n
huile de lin
The oil of flaxseed, used as a food source of omega-3 fatty acid.

flay /fleɪ/ /fliː/ v
écorcher
To strip the skin off; to skin.

flayer /ˈfleɪ.ə/ /ˈfleɪ.ɚ/ flayers n
écorcheur
One who or that which flays.

flea /fliː/ fleas n
puce
A small, wingless, parasitic insect of the order Siphonaptera, renowned for its bloodsucking habits and jumping abilities.

flea bag flea bags n
sac à puces
(slang, derogatory) An unkempt mammal, especially a dog or cat.

flea circus flea circuses n
puces savantes
A circus sideshow attraction in which fleas are attached (or appear to be attached) to miniature carts and other items, and encouraged to perform circus acts within a small housing.

flea market flea markets n
marché aux puces brocante
An outdoor temporary market selling inexpensive antiques, curios etc.

flea-ridden more flea-ridden most flea-ridden adj
pouilleuse pouilleux
Infested with fleas.

fleabag fleabags n
sac à puces
(slang) An unkempt mammal.

fleabane /ˈfliːbeɪn/ fleabanes n
encensière vergerette
Conyza spp. (butterweeds or horseweed)

fleck /flɛk/ flecks n
flocon moucheture particule
tache
A small spot or streak; a speckle.

fleck /flɛk/ v
moucheter tacheter
(transitive) To mark (something) with small spots.

fledgling /ˈflɛd͡ʒ.lɪŋ/ adj
inexpérimenté
Untried or inexperienced.

fledgling /ˈflɛd͡ʒ.lɪŋ/ fledglings n
oisillon oiselet
A young bird which has just developed its flight feathers (notably wings).
bleu novice
(figuratively) An immature, naïve or inexperienced person.

flee /fliː/ v
fuir échapper s'enfuir prendre la fuite
(intransitive) To run away; to escape.
fuir échapper
(transitive) To escape from.

fleece /fliːs/ fleeces n
toison
(uncountable) Hair or wool of a sheep or similar animal
(uncountable) Insulating skin with the wool attached
molleton polaire
(countable) A textile similar to velvet, but with a longer pile that gives it a softness and a higher sheen.
polaire
(countable) An insulating wooly jacket

fleece /fliːs/ v
dépouiller dévaliser
(transitive) To con or trick (someone) out of money.
tondre
(transitive) To shear the fleece from (a sheep or other animal).

fleecy fleecier fleeciest adj
molletonné
Resembling or covered in fleece.

fleet /flit/ /fliːt/ fleets n
flotte
A group of vessels or vehicles.

fleeting /ˈfliːtɪŋ/ more fleeting most fleeting adj
fugace passagère éphémère
Passing quickly; of short duration.

fleetingly more fleetingly most fleetingly adv
fugacement
in a fleeting manner; transiently

flerovium /flɪˈɹoʊviəm/ n
flérovium ununquadium
The chemical element with atomic number 114.

flesh /flɛʃ/ fleshes n
chair
The soft tissue of the body, especially muscle and fat.
(religion) The mortal body of a human being, contrasted with the spirit or soul.
(religion) The evil and corrupting principle working in man.
peau
The skin of a human or animal.
chair viande
Animal tissue regarded as food; meat (but sometimes excluding fish).
corps chair
The human body as a physical entity.
pulpe chair
The soft, often edible, parts of fruits or vegetables.
chair carnation
A yellowish pink colour; the colour of some Caucasian human skin.

flesh out v
détailler
(idiomatic, transitive) To complete; to create details from a basic outline, structure, or skeleton.

flesh wound flesh wounds n
blessure légère
An injury which pierces the skin and causes bleeding, but which does not injure any bones or vital organs, and does not carry a serious threat of death.

fleshpot fleshpots n
antre du péché antre du vice lieu de débauche lieu de plaisir
A place offering entertainment of a sensual or luxurious nature.

fleshy /ˈflɛʃi/ fleshier fleshiest more fleshy most fleshy adj
pulpeux carné
Of, related to, or resembling flesh.
charnu viandeux
(of a person) Having considerable flesh; plump.

fletching fletchings n
empennage
The process of attaching fins, such as halved feathers, to a projectile in order to stabilize its flight.

fleur de sel fleurs de sel n
fleur de sel

fleur-de-lis /ˌflɜːdəˈliː/ /ˌflɜːdəˈliːs/ /ˌflɝdəˈli/ /ˌflɝdəˈlis/ fleur-de-lises fleur-de-lisses fleurs-de-lis n
fleur de lys fleur de lis
(heraldiccharge) A design representing a flower whose three petals are joined together at the bottom, often used in heraldry, where it is particularly associated with the French monarchy.

fleur-de-lysed more fleur-de-lysed most fleur-de-lysed adj
fleurdelisé fleurdelysé
Decorated with fleur-de-lys.

flex /flɛks/ v
bander
(transitive) To repeatedly bend one of one's joints.
(intransitive) To tighten the muscles for display of size or strength.
bander fléchir
(transitive) To move part of the body using one's muscles.

flexibility flexibilities n
flexibilité souplesse
The quality of being flexible; suppleness; pliability.

flexibilization flexibilizations n
flexibilisation
The act or process of making something flexible.

flexibilize v
flexibiliser
(transitive) To make flexible/more flexible.

flexible /ˈflɛk.sə.bəl/ /ˈflɛk.sɪ.bəl/ more flexible most flexible adj
souple
flexible
Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking; able to be turned or twisted without breaking.
Willing or prone to give way to the influence of others; not invincibly rigid or obstinate.
flexible maléable
Capable or being adapted or molded in some way.

flexitarianism n
flexitarisme
(US) The practice of eating mainly vegetarian food, but making occasional exceptions for social, pragmatic, cultural, or nutritional reasons.

flexor /ˈflɛksə(ɹ)/ flexors n
fléchisseur fléchisseurs
A muscle whose contraction acts to bend a joint or limb.

flibbertigibbet /ˈflɪbɚtiˌd͡ʒɪbɪt/ /ˌflɪbətiˈdʒɪbɪt/ flibbertigibbets n
tête de linotte écervelé écervelée
An offbeat, skittish person; especially said of a young woman.

flick /flɪk/ flicks n
chiquenaude pichenette
(fencing) A cut that lands with the point, often involving a whip of the foible of the blade to strike at a concealed target.

flick /flɪk/ v
défiler
To move or hit (something) with a short, quick motion.

flick off v
faire un [[doigt d'honneur]] faire un doigt
(slang) To insult (someone) by showing them the back of one's fist with the middle finger extended.
branler doigter
(vulgar, slang, ambitransitive) To masturbate by flicking the clitoris with one's finger or fingers.

flick over v
changer feuilleter
(intransitive) To change channels on a television.

flicker /ˈflɪkə/ /ˈflɪkɚ/ flickers n
papillotement scintillement
An unsteady flash of light.

flicker /ˈflɪkə/ /ˈflɪkɚ/ v
papilloter vaciller
(intransitive) To burn or shine unsteadily, or with a wavering light.
scintiller
(intransitive) To keep going on and off; to appear and disappear for short moments; to flutter.

flight /flaɪt/ flights n
vol
The act of flying.
An instance of flying.
A trip made by an aircraft, particularly one between two cities or countries, which is often planned or reserved in advance.
fuite
The act of fleeing.
volée
A series of stairs between landings.
escadrille
An air force unit.
dégustation
Several sample glasses of a specific wine varietal or other beverage. The pours are smaller than a full glass and the flight will generally include three to five different samples.

flight attendant flight attendants n
agent de bord steward hôtesse de l'air agente de bord stewardess
A member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers.

flight deck flight decks n
pont d'envol
The deck of an aircraft carrier, where aircraft can land and take off.

flight feather flight feathers n
rémige
(ornithology) Any asymmetrical feather of the wing or tail of a bird.

flight number flight numbers n
numéro de vol
(aviation, travel) A callsign assigned to a commercial flight for the purposes of reservation and ticketing, typically consisting of a 2 character airline code and a 1 to 4 digit number to indicate a particular service.

flight recorder flight recorders n
enregistreur de vol
A device which records data that would be of use in investigating the cause of an aircraft accident; usually in pairs, consisting of a flight data recorder and a cockpit voice recorder.

flighty /ˈflaɪti/ flightier flightiest adj
candide insouciant
Given to unplanned and silly ideas or actions.

flimsy /ˈflɪmzi/ flimsier flimsiest more flimsy most flimsy adj
fragile frêle
Likely to bend or break under pressure.
faible fragile
(figurative) Weak; ill-founded.

flimsy /ˈflɪmzi/ flimsies n
calque papier calque
Thin typing paper used to make multiple copies.

flinch /flɪnt͡ʃ/ v
sursauter broncher
(intransitive) To make a sudden, involuntary movement in response to a (usually negative) stimulus; to cringe.

fling /ˈflɪŋ/ flings n
jet lancé
An act of throwing, often violently.
amourette aventure liaison passade
A short romantic, oftentimes sexual, relationship.

fling /ˈflɪŋ/ v
jeter balancer
(transitive) To throw with violence or quick movement; to hurl.

flint /flɪnt/ flints n
silex
A hard, fine-grained quartz that fractures conchoidally and generates sparks when struck against a material such as steel, because tiny chips of the steel are heated to incandescence and burn in air.
pierre à fusil
A piece of flint, such as a gunflint, used to produce a spark by striking it with a firestriker.
pierre à briquet
A small cylinder of some other material of the same function in a cigarette lighter, etc.

flip /flɪp/ v
donner une pichenette
(transitive) To put into a quick revolving motion through a snap of the thumb and index finger.
retourner
(transitive, US) To induce someone to turn state's evidence; to get someone to agree to testify against their co-conspirators in exchange for concessions.

flip chart flip charts n
tableau de conférence
A large pad, usually supported on a stand, used for (typically handwritten) presentations.

flip off v
faire un bras d'honneur faire un doigt d'honneur
(informal, transitive) To make a rude or obscene gesture at someone.

flip out v
péter les plombs
(idiomatic, intransitive, slang) To become very angry or upset.

flip phone flip phones n
téléphone à clapet
A mobile telephone with a hinged top that is flipped open when the phone is in use.

flip the bird v
faire un doigt faire un doigt d'honneur
(colloquial, idiom) To make a rude or obscene gesture (at somebody); particularly, to extend the middle finger.

flip-flop /ˈflɪpˌflɑp/ /ˈflɪpˌflɒp/ flip-flops n
bascule
(computing, electronics) A bistable; an electronic switching circuit that has either two stable states (switching between them in response to a trigger) or a stable and an unstable state (switching from one to the other and back again in response to a trigger), and which is thereby capable of serving as one bit of memory. [from 20th c.]

flippant /ˈflɪ.pənt/ more flippant most flippant adj
cavalier désinvolte
Showing disrespect through a casual attitude, levity, and a lack of due seriousness; pert.

flipper /ˈflɪpə/ /ˈflɪpɚ/ flippers n
nageoire aileron
In marine mammals such as whales (or other aquatic animals such as sea turtles), a wide flat, limb adapted for swimming.
palme
A wide, flat, paddle-like rubber covering for the foot, used in swimming.

flirt /flɜːt/ /flɝt/ flirts n
flirt
An act of flirting.

flirt /flɜːt/ /flɝt/ v
flirter draguer
(intransitive) To play at courtship; to talk with teasing affection, to insinuate sexual attraction in a playful (especially conversational) way. [from 18th c.]

flirtatious /flɚˈteɪʃəs/ more flirtatious most flirtatious adj
coquette
(of a person) Having a tendency to flirt often.

flit /flɪt/ v
papillonner voleter voltiger
To move about rapidly and nimbly.
virevolter
To move quickly from one location to another.

flitch /flɪtʃ/ flitches n
flèche
The flank or side of an animal, now almost exclusively a pig when cured and salted; a side of bacon.

float /floʊt/ /fləʊt/ floats n
flotteur
A buoyant device used to support something in water or another liquid.
float flottant nombre flottant taloche
A sort of trowel used for finishing concrete surfaces or smoothing plaster.
char
An elaborately decorated trailer or vehicle, intended for display in a parade or pageant.

float /floʊt/ /fləʊt/ v
flotter
(intransitive, of an object or substance) To be supported by a fluid of greater density (than the object).
To be supported by a liquid of greater density, such that part (of the object or substance) remains above the surface.
(intransitive) To be capable of floating.
(intransitive) To move in a particular direction with the liquid in which one is floating.
(transitive) To cause to drift gently through the air, to waft.
(intransitive) To move in a fluid manner.
(transitive, finance) To allow (the exchange value of a currency) to be determined by the markets.

floating island floating islands n
île flottante œufs à la neige
A French cold dessert consisting of an "island" of meringue, made of egg whites and sugar, floating in a "sea" of custard.

floating market floating markets n
marché flottant
A market where goods are sold from boats, chiefly found in Southeast and South Asia.

floating-point unit floating-point units n
unité de calcul en virgule flottante
(computer hardware) A microprocessor that performs floating-point arithmetic. In older models of computer the FPU was not integrated into the central processing unit, but rather as a coprocessor if included at all.

flock /flɑk/ /flɒk/ flocks n
nuée groupe bande vol
A number of birds together in a group, such as those gathered together for the purpose of migration.
flocon
Coarse tufts of wool or cotton used in bedding.
troupeau
A large number of animals associated together in a group; commonly used of sheep, but (dated) also used for goats, farmed animals, and a wide variety of animals.
congrégation
Those served by a particular pastor or shepherd.herd/flock

flock /flɑk/ /flɒk/ v
affluer
(transitive, obsolete) To flock to; to crowd.

floe /fləʊ/ floes n
banquise
A low, flat mass of floating ice.

flog /flɑɡ/ /flɒɡ/ v
fouetter flageller
(transitive) To whip or scourge as punishment.

flogger /flɑɡɚ/ /flɒɡə/ floggers n
martinet
(BDSM) A lightweight whip with multiple lashes.

flogging /ˈflɒɡɪŋ/ floggings n
flagellation
Infliction of punishment by dealing blows or whipping.

flood /flʌd/ floods n
inondation
An overflow (usually disastrous) of water from a lake or other body of water due to excessive rainfall or other input of water.

flood /flʌd/ v
inonder
To cover or partly fill as if by a flood.
noyer submerger
(figuratively) To provide (someone or something) with a larger number or quantity of something than can easily be dealt with.
inonder flooder
(Internet, ambitransitive) To paste numerous lines of text to (a chat system) in order to disrupt the conversation.

flood tide flood tides n
flux marée montante
The period between low tide and the next high tide in which the sea is rising.

flooded /ˈflʌdɪd/ more flooded most flooded adj
inondé
Filled with water from rain or rivers.

floodgate /ˈflʌdɡeɪt/ /ˈflʌdˌɡeɪt/ floodgates n
vanne
An adjustable gate or valve used to control the flow of water through a sluice.

flooding /ˈflʌdɪŋ/ floodings n
inondation
An act of flooding; a flood or gush.

floor /flo(ː)ɹ/ /floə/ /floʊ/ /flɔɹ/ /flɔː/ [flo̞ɹ] floors n
plancher sol
The interior bottom or surface of a house or building; the supporting surface of a room.
(nautical) That part of the bottom of a vessel on each side of the keelson which is most nearly horizontal.
face inférieure fond
(geology, biology, chiefly with a modifier) The bottom surface of a natural structure, entity, or space (e.g. cave, forest, ocean, desert, etc.); the ground (surface of the Earth).
étage
(construction, architecture) A structure formed of beams, girders, etc, with proper covering, which divides a building horizontally into storeys/stories.
parole
(by extension) The right to speak at a given time during a debate or other public event.
partie entière
(mathematics) The largest integer less than or equal to a given number.

floor exercise floor exercises n
exercice au sol
(gymnastics) A performance on a mat-covered floor using no apparatus.

floor lamp floor lamps n
lampe à pied liseuse torchère
A lamp supported by a tall vertical pole in order that light comes from above those seated in the vicinity.

floor plan floor plans n
plan de niveau
(architecture) A diagram, usually to scale, showing the layout of a building.

floor tile floor tiles n
carreau dalle
A tile, made from any material, designed to be laid as flooring.

floorball n
floorball unihockey
An indoor ball game played with a stick like hockey.

floorboard floorboards n
planche
Any of the long boards laid over joists to make a floor.

floorcloth floorcloths n
serpillière panosse serpillère
A cloth, normally of flannel, used for cleaning floors.

flop /flɑp/ /flɒp/ /flɔp/ flops n
effondrement
bide fiasco flop four navet
A complete failure, especially in the entertainment industry.

flop /flɑp/ /flɒp/ /flɔp/ v
s'affaler s'effondrer
(intransitive) To fall heavily due to lack of energy.
faire un flop faire un bide faire un four être un fiasco
(intransitive, informal) To fail completely; not to be successful at all (of a movie, play, book, song etc.).
crécher
(intransitive, slang) To stay, sleep or live in a place.

floppy /ˈflɒ.pi/ floppier floppiest adj
souple
Limp, not hard, firm, or rigid; flexible.

floppy /ˈflɒ.pi/ floppies n
disquette
(computing, dated) A floppy disk.

floppy disk floppy disks n
disquette
(computer hardware) A removable disk used for storing digital data, measuring between 2 and 8 inches diagonally and storing between 80 KB and 240 MB.

floppy drive floppy drives n
lecteur de disquette
A computer hardware device used for reading and writing on removable floppy disks, such as 3+1⁄2″, 5+1⁄4″ or 8″ diskettes.

flora /ˈflɔː.ɹə/ florae floras floræ n
flore
Plants considered as a group, especially those of a particular country, region, time, etc.
A book describing the plants of a country, region, time, etc.
flore intestinale flore
The microorganisms that inhabit some part of the body.

floral /ˈfloɹəl/ /ˈflɔːɹəl/ more floral most floral adj
floral
Of, pertaining to, or connected with flowers.

florentium /fləˈɹɛnʃɪəm/ n
florentium
(chemistry, disused nomenclature) Promethium.

floret /fləˈɹɛt/ florets n
fleuron
A small flower, especially one of a cluster in a composite flower.

floribunda floribundas n
floribunda
A rose cultivar, having large sprays of small flowers, made by crossing polyantha and hybrid tea rose varieties.

floriculture floricultures n
floriculture
the farming of flowers

floriography /ˌflɒɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌflɔːɹiˈɒɡɹəfi/ floriographies n
langage des fleurs
Communication through the use of flowers, with different types of flowers having particular symbolic meanings.

florist /ˈfloɹɪst/ /ˈflɑɹɪst/ /ˈflɒɹɪst/ florists n
fleuriste
A person who sells flowers.

florist's florists' n
boutique de fleuriste magasin de fleuriste
A shop that sells flowers, a flower shop.

floss /flɑs/ /flɒs/ /flɔs/ flosses n
fil dentaire
A thread used to clean the gaps between the teeth.
barbe à papa
(British) Spun sugar or cotton candy, especially in the phrase "candy floss".

flotation /floʊˈteɪʃən/ /fləʊˈteɪʃən/ flotations n
flottaison
A state of floating, or being afloat.

flotilla /floʊˈtɪlə/ flotillas n
flottille
(nautical) A small fleet of warships (usually of the same class), or a fleet of small ships.

flotsam /ˈflɒtsəm/ flotsams n
débris épave
Debris floating in a river or sea, in particular fragments from a shipwreck.

flounce /flaʊns/ flounces n
volant
(sewing) A strip of decorative material, usually pleated, attached along one edge; a ruffle.

flounder /ˈflaʊndɚ/ flounder flounders n
flet
A European species of flatfish having dull brown colouring with reddish-brown blotches; fluke, European flounder (Platichthys flesus).

flounder /ˈflaʊndɚ/ v
tituber
(intransitive) To make clumsy attempts to move or regain one's balance.

flour /flɑɹ/ /flɑː/ /flɔr/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/ flours n
farine
Powder obtained by grinding or milling cereal grains, especially wheat, or other foodstuffs such as soybeans and potatoes, and used to bake bread, cakes, and pastry.

flour /flɑɹ/ /flɑː/ /flɔr/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈflaʊ̯.ɚ/ v
enfariner fariner
(transitive) To apply flour to something; to cover with flour.

flour mite flour mites n
tyroglyphe de la farine
The mite Acarus siro, a pest of stored grains and flour.

flourish /ˈflɝ.ɪʃ/ /ˈflʊɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈflʌɹ.ɪʃ/ flourishes n
gesticulation
A dramatic gesture such as the waving of a flag.
fioriture
An ornamentation.
morceau de bravoure
(music) A ceremonious passage such as a fanfare.

flourish /ˈflɝ.ɪʃ/ /ˈflʊɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈflʌɹ.ɪʃ/ v
fleurir
(intransitive) To thrive or grow well.
(intransitive) To prosper or fare well.
(intransitive) To be in a period of greatest influence.
brandir
(transitive) To make bold, sweeping movements with.
(intransitive) To make bold and sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements, by way of ornament, parade, bravado, etc.; to play with fantastic and irregular motion.

flout /flaʊt/ /flʌʊt/ v
mépriser se moquer de
(transitive, archaic) To scorn.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ flows n
flux écoulement
(math) A formalization of the idea of the motion of particles in a fluid, as a group action of the real numbers on a set.
flux
The rising movement of the tide.

flow /floʊ/ /fləʊ/ v
jaillir
couler
(intransitive) To move as a fluid from one position to another.

flow chart flow charts n
algorigramme logigramme organigramme
A schematic representation of how the different stages in a process are interconnected.

flower /ˈflaʊ.ə/ /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/ flowers n
fleur
(botany) A reproductive structure in angiosperms (flowering plants), often conspicuously colourful and typically including sepals, petals, and either or both stamens and/or a pistil.

flower /ˈflaʊ.ə/ /ˈflaʊ.ɚ/ v
fleurir s'épanouir
(intransitive) To put forth blooms.

flower box flower boxes n
jardinière
A container in which flowers or plants are grown, usually affixed outside just below a window.

flower head flower heads n
capitule
(botany) A compact cluster of florets having the appearance of a single [flower]] (as in the daisy family).

flowerbed flowerbeds n
parterre de fleurs
A part of a garden or park where flowers are grown.

flowering plant flowering plants n
plante à fleurs
(botany) Any plant that produces flowers and fruit; an angiosperm.

flowerpot /ˈflaʊəˌpɒt/ /ˈflaʊɚˌpɑt/ flowerpots n
pot de fleur pot de fleurs
A pot filled with soil in which plants are grown.

flowery /ˈflaʊəɹi/ flowerier floweriest more flowery most flowery adj
fleuri
Decorated with or abundant in flowers.
(of a speech or piece of writing) overly complicated or elaborate; with grandiloquent expressions; marked by rhetorical elegance

flowmeter flowmeters n
débitmètre
Any of various devices used to measure the flow of a fluid through a pipe, etc.

flu /fluː/ /flʉː/ flus n
grippe
Influenza.
(informal) Stomach flu.

flu shot flu shots n
vaccination contre la grippe
A vaccination against seasonal influenza.

fluconazole /fluˈkɑn.əˌzoʊl/ /flʊˈkɒn.ə.zəʊl/ n
fluconazole
(pharmaceutical drug) An antifungal agent C13H12F2N6O used orally to treat cryptococcal meningitis and local or systemic candida infections.

fluctuate /ˈflʌktju.eɪt/ /ˈflʌkt͡ʃu.eɪt/ v
fluctuer onduler
(intransitive) To vary irregularly; to swing.
onduler
(intransitive) To undulate.
(transitive) To cause to vary irregularly.

fluctuation /flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/ fluctuations n
fluctuation
A motion like that of waves; a moving in this and that direction; an irregular rising and falling.
A wavering; unsteadiness.

flue /fljuː/ /fluː/ flues n
conduit
A pipe or duct that carries gaseous combustion products away from the point of combustion (such as a furnace).
An enclosed passageway in which to direct air or other gaseous current along.

flue gas flue gases flue gasses n
fumées
The gaseous combustion product (smoke) that comes out of a stove or a furnace.

fluent /flɪu̯ənt/ /ˈfljuːɛnt/ /ˈfluənt/ /ˈfluːənt/ more fluent most fluent adj
parler couramment
(linguistics) Able to use a language accurately, rapidly, and confidently – in a flowing way.

fluently more fluently most fluently adv
couramment
In a fluent manner, as expressing oneself easily, especially in a foreign language.

fluff /flʌf/ fluffs n
duvet
Anything light, soft or fuzzy, especially fur, hair, feathers.
babiole broutille
Anything inconsequential or superficial.

fluffy /flʌfi/ fluffier fluffiest adj
pelucheux touffu
Covered with fluff.
pelucheux
Light; soft; airy.

flugelhorn flugelhorns n
bugle
A brass instrument resembling a cornet but with a wider, conical bore, and usually with three valves, in the same B-flat pitch as many trumpets and cornets but with a more deeply conical mouthpiece than those. A bugle with valves.

fluid /ˈfljuːɪd/ /ˈfluːɪd/ /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/ more fluid most fluid adj
fluide
(not comparable) Of or relating to fluid.

fluid /ˈfljuːɪd/ /ˈfluːɪd/ /ˈflɪu̯ɪd/ fluids n
fluide
Any substance which can flow with relative ease, tends to assume the shape of its container, and obeys Bernoulli's principle; a liquid, gas or plasma.
liquide
A liquid (as opposed to a solid or gas).

fluid dynamics fluid dynamics n
dynamique des fluides
(physics) The scientific study of the properties and behavior of moving fluids.

fluid mechanics n
mécanique des fluides
(mechanics) The branch of mechanics dealing with gases and liquids, either at rest or in motion.

fluidify v
fluidifier
(transitive) to make fluid
se fluidifier
(intransitive) to become fluid

fluke /fljuːk/ /fluk/ /fluːk/ flukes n
coup de chance coup de bol
A lucky or improbable occurrence, with the implication that the occurrence could not be repeated.
pelle
(nautical) Any of the triangular blades at the end of an anchor, designed to catch the ground.
douve
Either of the two lobes of a whale's or similar creature's tail.

flume /fluːm/ flumes n
flume
An open channel or trough used to direct or divert liquids.

flummox /ˈflʌməks/ v
embrouiller troubler
(intransitive) To confuse; to fluster; to flabbergast.

flummoxed more flummoxed most flummoxed adj
déconcerté
Confused, perplexed or flustered.

flunk /flʌŋk/ v
louper
(US, ambitransitive) Of a student, to fail a class; to not pass.

fluorescein fluoresceins n
fluorescéine
(chemistry) Any of a class of yellow xanthene dyes which are visible when highly diluted; used forensically to detect traces of blood, and in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations

fluorescence /floʊ-/ /flɔ-/ /flʊˈɹɛsəns/ fluorescences n
fluorescence
(physics) The emission of light (or other electromagnetic radiation) by a material when stimulated by the absorption of radiation or of a subatomic particle.

fluorescent /flɔˈɹɛsənt/ /ˌflʊəˈɹɛsənt/ more fluorescent most fluorescent adj
fluorescent
Of or relating to fluorescence.

fluorescent lamp fluorescent lamps n
tube fluorescent
A gas-discharge lamp that uses fluorescence to produce visible light.

fluorescent tube fluorescent tubes n
tube fluorescent

fluoride /ˈflɔɹˌaɪd/ /ˈflɔːˌɹaɪd/ /ˈflʊəˌɹaɪd/ /ˈflʊɚˌaɪd/ fluorides n
fluorure
(chemistry) Any salt of hydrofluoric acid; for example, potassium fluoride.

fluorine /ˈfloɹˌin, -ɪn/ /ˈflʊ(ə)ɹˌin, -ɪn/ fluorines n
fluor
(chemistry, countable) A single atom of this element.

fluorite /ˈflɔɹˌaɪt/ /ˈflʊɚˌaɪt/ fluorites n
fluorine fluorite
(mineral) A widely occurring mineral (calcium fluoride), of various colours, used as a flux in steelmaking, and in the manufacture of glass, enamels and hydrofluoric acid.

fluorocarbon fluorocarbons n
fluorocarbone
(chemistry) Any derivative of a hydrocarbon in which every hydrogen atom has been replaced by fluorine.

fluorohydride fluorohydrides n
fluorohydrure
(inorganic chemistry) An compound formed by the addition of the elements of hydrogen fluoride

fluorophore fluorophores n
fluorophore
(biochemistry) A molecule or functional group which is capable of fluorescence.

fluoroscopy fluoroscopies n
fluoroscopie
(medicine) Examination using a fluoroscope.

flush /ˈflʌʃ/ flusher flushest adj
aligné de niveau
Smooth, even, aligned; not sticking out.
en fonds riche
Wealthy or well off.

flush /ˈflʌʃ/ flushes n
flush couleur floche
(poker) A hand consisting of all cards with the same suit.
chasse d'eau
Particularly, such a cleansing of a toilet.
A suffusion of the face with blood, as from fear, shame, modesty, or intensity of feeling of any kind; a blush; a glow.

flush /ˈflʌʃ/ v
faire sortir lever
(transitive) To cause to take flight from concealment.
laver à grande eau
(transitive) To cleanse by flooding with generous quantities of a fluid.
(intransitive, of a toilet) To be cleansed by being flooded with generous quantities of water.
tirer la [[chasse d'eau]] tirer la chasse
(transitive) Particularly, to cleanse a toilet by introducing a large amount of water.
rougir
(intransitive) To become suffused with reddish color due to embarrassment, excitement, overheating, or other systemic disturbance, to blush.

flush toilet flush toilets n
chasse d'eau cuvette de toilette toilettes w.-c.
A toilet that uses water to flush urine and feces through a pipe to another location, typically a sewer main in urban settings or a septic tank elsewhere.

fluster /ˈflʌstə/ /ˈflʌstəɹ/ v
confondre embrouiller paumer
To throw (someone) into a state of confusion or panic; to befuddle, to confuse.

flute /fluːt/ flutes n
flûte
(colloquial) A recorder, also a woodwind instrument.
flûte flûte à champagne
A glass with a long, narrow bowl and a long stem, used for drinking wine, especially champagne.
dent
A lengthwise groove, such as one of the lengthwise grooves on a classical column, or a groove on a cutting tool (such as a drill bit, endmill, or reamer), which helps to form both a cutting edge and a channel through which chips can escape
cannelure
(architectural element, firearms) A semicylindrical vertical groove, as in a pillar, in plaited cloth, or in a rifle barrel to cut down the weight.

flute /fluːt/ v
flûter
(intransitive) To play on a flute.
siffler flûter
(intransitive) To make a flutelike sound.
(transitive) To form flutes or channels in (as in a column, a ruffle, etc.); to cut a semicylindrical vertical groove in (as in a pillar, etc.).
siffler
(transitive) To utter with a flutelike sound.

flutter /ˈflʌtə/ /ˈflʌtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] flutters n
battement
The act of fluttering; quick and irregular motion.

flutter /ˈflʌtə/ /ˈflʌtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
voleter voltiger faséyer
(intransitive) To flap or wave quickly but irregularly.

fluvial /ˈfluːvi.əl/ adj
fluvial
Of, pertaining to, inhabiting, or produced by the action of a river or stream.

flux /flʌks/ fluxes n
décapant
A chemical agent for cleaning metal prior to soldering or welding.
flux
(physics) The rate of transfer of energy (or another physical quantity), especially an electric or magnetic field, through a given surface.

fluxon fluxons n
fluxon
(physics) The quasiparticle of electric or magnetic flux

fly /flaɪ/ flies flys n
mouche
(non-technical) Especially, any of the insects of the family Muscidae, such as the common housefly (other families of Diptera include mosquitoes and midges).
(fishing) A lightweight fishing lure resembling an insect.
braguette
(often plural) A strip of material (sometimes hiding zippers or buttons) at the front of a pair of trousers, pants, underpants, bootees, etc.

fly /flaɪ/ v
voler piloter faire voler
(transitive, ergative) To cause to fly (travel or float in the air): to transport via air or the like.

fly agaric fly agarics n
amanite tue-mouches
A poisonous and hallucinogenic mushroom, Amanita muscaria, with a large crimson cap, fading to yellow, scattered with white flecks.

fly ash /ˈflaɪ æʃ/ /ˈflaɪ ˌæʃ/ n
cendre volante
A residue generated in the combustion of powdered coal or other materials, comprising the fine particles that rise with the flue gases; when generated industrially it is usually captured and can be recycled for use in construction materials.

fly ball fly balls n
chandelle
(baseball, softball) A batted ball that has been hit into the air above the outfield; a fly.

fly by the seat of one's pants v
naviguer piloter à vue
(idiomatic) To pilot an aircraft without the aid of instruments and without a flight plan, using only instinct, visual observation, and practical judgment.
agir au doigt mouillé décider naviguer à vue
(idiomatic, by extension) To use one's judgment, initiative, and perceptions as events unfold in order to improvise a course of action without a predetermined plan or without the desirable data inputs to decision making.

fly fishing n
pêche à la mouche
(fishing) A form of angling whereby the weight of the line is used to cast a lure visually resembling a fly.

fly in the ointment /ˈflaɪ ən ði ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ /ˈflaɪ ɪn ði ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/ flies in the ointment n
couille dans le potage couille dans le pâté hic os problème
(idiomatic) Something (especially a minor thing) which ruins or spoils everything else, or makes it less pleasant; a nuisance or problem; a disagreeable or unpleasant detail.

fly into a rage v
piquer une colère
To become very angry

fly off at a tangent v
digresser

fly off the handle v
sortir de ses gonds
(colloquial) to become very angry or enraged; to throw a fit or go crazy.

fly on the wall flies on the wall n
petite souris
(idiomatic) A quiet, non-participating, or unseen observer; an eavesdropper or witness.

fly too close to the sun v
se brûler les ailes

fly-half fly-halves n
demi d'ouverture
(rugby) A rugby player who is normally the first receiver of the ball from the scrum half after a scrum; a half-back.

fly-tip fly-tips n
décharge sauvage dépôt sauvage dépôt sauvage d'ordures dépôt sauvage de déchets
A pile of rubbish discarded in such a manner

flyblown /ˈflaɪˌbloʊn/ /ˈflaɪˌbləʊn/ more flyblown most flyblown adj
contaminé corrompu pollué
tainted
putride
sordid, squalid

flyboy flyboys n
chevalier du ciel
(aviation, slang) An aircraft pilot, especially of a military combat aircraft.

flyby /ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/ flybys n
survol
A flight past a celestial object in order to make observations.

flycatcher flycatchers n
gobemouche
Any of many kinds of birds of the family Muscicapidae, of Africa, Europe, and Asia, that catch insects in flight; an Old World flycatcher.
Any of many kinds of similar birds of various families, such as Tyrannidae (the New World flycatchers of the Americas), Tityridae, Stenostiridae, Monarchidae, Petroicidae, etc.

flyer /ˈflaɪə(ɹ)/ flyers n
tract flyer prospectus
pilote
(dated) An airplane pilot.
broche épinglier
The part of a spinning machine that twists the thread as it takes it to and winds it on the bobbin

flyering n
tractage

flying /ˈflaɪ.ɪŋ/ adj
volant volante
That flies or can fly.

flying ace flying aces n
as de l'aviation
(dated) a military aviator who had shot down many enemy aircraft

flying buttress flying buttresses n
arc-boutant
(architecture) A buttress that stands apart from the structure that it supports, and is connected to it by an arch (flyer).

flying car flying cars n
voiture volante

flying fish flying fish flying fishes n
poisson volant exocet
A tropical marine fish of the family Exocoetidae, having enlarged winglike pectoral fins enabling it to escape predators by taking short gliding flights through the air.

flying fox flying foxes n
roussette
renard volant
A large Australasian bat, of the genera Pteropus or Acerodon in the family Pteropodidae, having a fox-like face.

flying kiss flying kisses n
baiser volant
A symbolic kiss given by kissing one's own hand, then blowing on the hand in a direction towards the recipient.

flying saucer flying saucers n
soucoupe volante
(informal) A disc-shaped unidentified flying object or UFO; originally in reference to sightings by aviator Kenneth Arnold in Washington in 1947.

flying squirrel flying squirrels n
écureuil volant polatouche
Any of 43 species of squirrels, most from the tribe Pteromyini within the family Sciuridae, others from family Anomaluridae, which glide from tree to tree.

flying start flying starts n
sur les chapeaux de roue
(idiomatic) An especially good start.

flyleaf /ˈflaɪˌlif/ flyleafs flyleaves n
page de garde
A blank page at the front or back of a book.

flypaper flypapers n
papier tue-mouches attrape-mouche papier colle-mouches papier à mouches
A strip of paper coated with a sticky, often poisonous, substance that catches and kills flies that land on it

flysch /flɪʃ/ flysches n
flysch
(geology) A series of sandstones and schists overlying the true nummulitic formation in the Alps, and included in the Eocene Tertiary.

flyswatter flyswatters n
tapette tapette à mouches
A hand-held device for swatting flies or other insects, to kill or shoo them.

flyweight flyweights n
poids mouche
(martial arts) A weight class in many combat sports; e.g. in professional boxing of a maximum of 112 pounds or 50.8 kilograms.

flywheel flywheels n
volant volant d'inertie
(mechanical engineering) A rotating mass used to maintain the speed of a machine within certain limits while the machine receives or releases energy at a varying rate, or as a form of energy storage.

foal /foʊl/ /fɐʉl/ /fəʊl/ [foɫ] [fɔʊɫ] foals n
poulain pouliche
A young horse or other equine, especially just after birth or less than a year old.

foal /foʊl/ /fɐʉl/ /fəʊl/ [foɫ] [fɔʊɫ] v
pouliner
(ambitransitive) To give birth to (a foal); to bear offspring.

foam /foʊm/ /fəʊm/ foams n
mousse écume
A substance composed of a large collection of bubbles or their solidified remains, especially:

foam /foʊm/ /fəʊm/ v
mousser écumer
(intransitive) To form or emit foam.

foamy /foʊmi/ /fəʊmi/ foamier foamiest adj
mousseux
Full of foam.

fob /fɒb/ fobs n
châtelaine
A short chain or ribbon to connect such a pocket to the watch.

focal /ˈfoʊ.kl̩/ /ˈfəʊ.kl̩/ adj
focal
Belonging to, concerning, or located at a focus.
(medicine) Limited to a small area.

focal length focal lengths n
distance focale
(optics) A measure of how strongly an optical system converges or diverges light, the inverse of optical power. In the simple case of a single convex lens, it is the distance along the optical axis from the principal plane of the lens to the lens's focal point (where, for instance, the film would be placed in a camera). For more complex or multi-element optical systems, focal length need not correspond to any obvious measurable physical distance.

focal point focal points n
point focal
(optics) A focus; a point at which rays of light or other radiation converge.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ foci focuses focusses n
foyer
(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The fact of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
(uncountable, photography, cinematography) The quality of the convergence of light on the photographic medium.
(linguistics) The most important word or phrase in a sentence or passage, or the one that imparts information.
An object used in casting a magic spell.
attention foyer
(uncountable) Concentration of attention.

focus /ˈfoʊ.kəs/ /ˈfəʊ.kəs/ v
focaliser
(transitive) To cause (rays of light, etc) to converge at a single point.
mettre au point focaliser
(transitive, optics) To adjust (a lens, an optical instrument) in order to position an image with respect to the focal plane.
concentrer
(transitive) To direct attention, effort, or energy to a particular audience or task.
se concentrer se focaliser
(intransitive, followed by on or upon) To concentrate one's attention on something; to have as one's central point of interest, concern, etc.

fodder /ˈfɑdɚ/ /ˈfɒdə/ fodders n
fourrage
Food for animals; that which is fed to cattle, horses, and sheep, such as hay, cornstalks, vegetables, etc.

foeder /ˈfuːdə(ɹ)/ foeders n
foudre
A very large wooden vat in which beer is lagered.

foehn /feɪn/ /fɜːn/ /fɝn/ foehns n
foehn
A warm dry wind blowing down the north sides of the Alps, especially in Switzerland.

fog /fɑɡ/ /fɒɡ/ /fɔɡ/ fogs n
brouillard brume
(uncountable) A thick cloud that forms near the ground; the obscurity of such a cloud.
voile
(photography) A silver deposit or other blur on a negative or developed photographic image.

fog collector fog collectors n
capteur de brouillard
A canvas or any other device used to collect water particles from fog.

fog light fog lights n
phare antibrouillard
(automotive) One of a pair of lights, mounted at the front of a car, below the headlights, usually white or yellow in colour, for increased visibility ahead in foggy driving conditions.

fogey /ˈfoʊɡi/ /ˈfəʊɡi/ fogeys fogies n
baderne barbon
A dull person (especially an older man) who is behind the times, holding antiquated, over-conservative views.

foggy /ˈfɒɡi/ foggier foggiest adj
brumeux
Obscured by mist or fog; unclear; hazy
embrumé engourdi
(figuratively) Confused, befuddled, etc.

foghorn foghorns n
corne de brume
A very loud low-pitched horn, used especially in lighthouses and on large boats.

foible /ˈfɔɪbəl/ foibles n
travers
(mostly, in plural) A quirk, idiosyncrasy, or mannerism; an unusual habit that is slightly strange or silly.
faiblesse
A weakness or failing of character.
faible
(fencing) Part of a sword between the middle and the point, weaker than the forte.

foie gras /ˌfwɑ ˈɡɹɑ/ /ˌfwɑː ˈɡɹɑː/ foies gras n
foie gras
The fattened liver of geese or ducks, used for gourmet cooking.

foil /fɔɪl/ foils n
feuille de métal
A very thin sheet of metal.
alu papier d'aluminium
(mostly, uncountable) Thin aluminium/aluminum (or, formerly, tin) used for wrapping food.
fleuret faire-valoir
(authorship, figuratively) In literature, theatre/theater, etc., a character who helps emphasize the traits of the main character and who usually acts as an opponent or antagonist, but can also serve as the sidekick of the protagonist.
fleuret
(fencing) A very thin sword with a blunted (or foiled) tip

foil /fɔɪl/ v
déjouer
To prevent (something) from being accomplished.

foist /fɔɪst/ v
refourguer
(transitive) To introduce or insert surreptitiously or without warrant.
imposer
(transitive) To force another to accept especially by stealth or deceit.

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] folds n
pli
Any correct move in origami.
pliage
An act of folding.
bergerie parc à moutons
A pen or enclosure for sheep or other domestic animals.
pli pliure
A bend or crease.
bercail sein de l’Église
(Christianity) A church congregation, a group of people who adhere to a common faith and habitually attend a given church; also, the Christian church as a whole, the flock of Christ.
(figuratively) A group of people with shared ideas or goals or who live or work together.

fold /faʉld/ /foʊld/ /ˈfəʊld/ [fɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈfɔʊ(ɫ)d] v
plier
(transitive) To bend (any thin material, such as paper) over so that it comes in contact with itself.
(transitive) To make the proper arrangement (in a thin material) by bending.
incorporer
(transitive, cooking) To stir (semisolid ingredients) gently, with an action as if folding over a solid.
s’effondrer s’écrouler
(intransitive, informal) To fall over; to collapse or give way; to be crushed.
concéder laisser tomber replier s'écraser
(intransitive) To give way on a point or in an argument.
se coucher
(intransitive, poker) To withdraw from betting.
plier bagage
(intransitive, business) Of a company, to cease to trade.

fold up v
plier replier
(idiomatic) To make or become more compact by folding.

folder /ˈfoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈfəʊldə/ folders n
dossier chemise classeur
An organizer that papers are kept in, usually with an index tab, to be stored as a single unit in a filing cabinet.
dossier répertoire
(computing) A virtual container in a computer's file system, in which files and other folders may be stored. The files and subfolders in a folder are usually related.
plieur plieuse
A machine or person that folds things.

folding /ˈfoʊldɪŋ/ /ˈfəʊldɪŋ/ more folding most folding adj
pliant rabattable repliable
Designed to fold; as a folding bed, a folding bicycle, a folding chair, etc.

folding /ˈfoʊldɪŋ/ /ˈfəʊldɪŋ/ foldings n
pliage plissement
The action of folding; a fold.

folding chair folding chairs n
chaise pliante
A light portable chair that can be stored in a stack, row or on a specially designed cart. They are produced in a variety of styles, folding mechanisms and materials.

folding knife folding knives n
couteau pliant
A kind of knife whose blade or blades can be folded inside the handle, owing to a joint#Noun. Such a knife is usually a pocketknife; its action may be locking#Adjective or nonlocking#Adjective.

folding screen folding screens n
paravent
A piece of furniture consisting of two or more frames connected by hinges.

foley /ˈfoʊli/ foleys n
bruitage
(uncountable, US) The creation of sound effects, and their addition to film and TV images.

foley artist foley artists n
bruiteur bruiteuse
(US) A person who creates sound effects and adds them to film and TV images.

foliage /ˈfoʊliɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfəʊliɪdʒ/ foliages n
feuillage
The leaves of plants.
An architectural ornament representing foliage.

foliation /fəʊlɪˈeɪʃn/ foliations n
feuilletage
(topology) A set of submanifolds of a given manifold, each of which is of lower dimension than it, but which, taken together, are coextensive with it.

folic acid n
acide folique
(vitamin, organic compound) A polycyclic heterocyclic carboxylic acid, one of the vitamin B complex, essential for cell growth and reproduction

folivore /ˈfəʊlɪvɔː(ɹ)/ folivores n
folivore phyllophage
(biology) A herbivore that eats mostly foliage.

folk /foʊk/ /foʊlk/ /fəʊk/ adj
populaire
(architecture) Of or related to local building materials and styles.

folk /foʊk/ /foʊlk/ /fəʊk/ folks n
peuple
The inhabitants of a region, especially the native inhabitants.

folk dance folk dances n
danse traditionnelle
Any dance traditionally performed by the common people of a specific region.

folk etymology folk etymologies n
étymologie populaire
A misunderstanding of the etymology of a word based on an inexpert analysis; an etymology that incorrectly explains the origin of a word based on the inadequate judgement of a common speaker of the language instead of etymological expertise.

folk medicine /ˌfoʊk ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ /ˌfəʊk ˈmɛd(ɪ)s(ɪ)n/ folk medicines n
médecine traditionnelle
(uncountable) Traditional medical practices developed and used by non-physicians, typically involving customary homespun techniques and medicinal remedies derived from native plants.

folk music folk musics n
folk musique folk
Any genre of music originating from the ethnic community of a specific region, often passed down through oral tradition, without recorded songwriters and possessing a clear purpose or social function.
Any contemporary music in the style of traditional folk music, especially a specific genre of originally American popular music that draws on Anglo-American musical forms.

folk song folk songs n
chanson populaire
(music) A song, in any folk style, originating among ordinary people, usually non-professional musicians, and handed down by oral tradition.

folklore /ˈfoʊk.lɔːɹ/ /ˈfəʊk.lɔː/ folklores n
folklore
The tales, legends, superstitions, and traditions of a particular ethnic population.

folkloric more folkloric most folkloric adj
folklorique
Of, pertaining to, or having the character of folklore.

folksy folksier folksiest more folksy most folksy adj
campagnard rustique
Characteristic of simple country life.

folktale folktales n
conte conte populaire
A tale or story that is part of the oral tradition of a people or a place.

follicle /ˈfɒlɪk(ə)l/ follicles n
follicule
(anatomy) A small cavity or sac, such as a hair follicle.
(botany) A type of primitive dry fruit produced by certain flowering plants.

follicular adj
folliculaire
Of, pertaining to, having or resembling follicles.

folliculogenesis n
folliculogénèse
(biology) The process of growing and developing for an ovarian follicle in the ovary.

follow /ˈfɑloʊ/ /ˈfɒləʊ/ v
suivre
(ambitransitive) To go after; to pursue; to move behind in the same path or direction, especially with the intent of catching.
(ambitransitive) To go or come after in a sequence.
(transitive) To understand, to pay attention to.
(transitive) To watch, to keep track of (reports of) some event or person.
(social media, transitive) To subscribe to see content from an account on a social media platform.
suivre se plier à
(transitive) To live one's life according to (religion, teachings, etc).
découler suivre
(ambitransitive) To be a logical consequence of something.

follow in someone's footsteps v
marcher dans les pas de marcher sur les pas de
(figuratively) To follow the same path as someone; to take actions similar to another's.

follow suit v
fournir
(cards) To play a card of the same suit as the previous or leading card.
emboîter le pas en prendre de la graine
(idiomatic) To follow an example; to imitate or copy the actions of another.

follow-up follow-ups n
suivi
A subsidiary action taken in response to an event.
(medicine) The revisiting of a patient in ambulatory care.

follower /ˈfɒləʊə(ɹ)/ followers n
poursuivant suivant suiveur
disciple
One who follows mentally, adherer to the opinions, ideas or teachings of another, a movement etc.
follower suiveur
(social media) An account holder who subscribes to see content from another account on a social media platform.

following /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ adj
suivant
Coming next, either in sequence or in time.
suivant ci-après
About to be specified.
favorable
(of a wind) Blowing in the direction of travel.

following /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ followings n
mouvance
A group of followers, attendants or admirers; an entourage.

following /ˈfɑloʊɪŋ/ /ˈfɒləʊɪŋ/ preposition
après postérieurement à à la suite de
After, subsequent to.

folly /ˈfɑli/ /ˈfɒli/ follies n
folie sottise
Foolishness that results from a lack of foresight or lack of practicality.
folie
(architecture) A fanciful building built for purely ornamental reasons.

foment /foʊˈmɛnt/ /fəʊˈmɛnt/ /fəˈmɛnt/ v
fomenter
(transitive) To incite or cause troublesome acts; to encourage; to instigate.

fomentation /fəʊmənˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌfoʊmənˈteɪʃən/ fomentations n
fomentation
The act of fomenting; the application of warm, soft, medicinal substances, as for the purpose of easing pain by relaxing the skin, or of discussing (dispersing) tumours.
Encouragement; excitation; instigation.

fomite /ˈfoʊmaɪt/ /ˈfəʊmʌɪt/ fomites n
fomite vecteur passif
(medicine) An inanimate object capable of carrying infectious agents (such as bacteria, viruses or prions), and thus passively enabling their transmission between hosts; common examples include towels, dishcloths, kitchenware/flatware, and laundry.

fond /fɑnd/ /fɒnd/ v
tenir à épris
(obsolete) To have a foolish affection for, to be fond of.

fondle /ˈfɒndl/ v
caresser
To grasp.

fondness /ˈfɑndnəs/ /ˈfɒndnəs/ fondnesses n
affection
The quality of being fond: liking something, foolishness; doting affection; propensity.

fondue /fɑnˈdu/ /ˈfɒnduː/ fondues n
fondue
A dish made of melted cheese, or chocolate etc., or of a boiling liquid into which food can be dipped.

fondue fork fondue forks n
fourchette à fondue

fonio /ˈfəʊnjəʊ/ n
fonio
Digitaria exilis, a cereal cultivated in western Africa; white fonio

font /fɑnt/ /fɒnt/ fonts n
fonts
(Christianity) A receptacle in a church for holy water, especially one used in baptism.
fonte
In digital typesetting, a set of glyphs in a single style, representing one or more alphabets or writing systems, or the computer code representing it.
police d'écriture
(computing, typography) A computer file containing the code used to draw and compose the glyphs of one or more typographic fonts on a computer display or printer.

fontanelle fontanelles n
fontanelle
(anatomy) A soft membraneous spot on the head of a baby due to incomplete fusion of the cranial bones.

fontange /fɒnˈtɒ̃nʒ/ /fɔnˈtɑnʒ/ fontanges n
fontange
A headdress popular among aristocrats in Europe in the late 17th century and early 18th century, made with pleated layers of starched lace and ribbon.

food /fud/ /fuːd/ /fʏːd/ foods n
nourriture alimentation manger bouffe
(uncountable) Any solid substance that can be consumed by living organisms, especially by eating, in order to sustain life.
aliment nourriture
(countable) A foodstuff.

food additive food additives n
additif alimentaire
Any non-food substance added to food in order to improve its flavour, appearance or shelf life

food bank food banks n
banque alimentaire
A charitable non-profit organization that distributes mostly donated food to a wide variety of agencies that in turn feed the hungry.

food bowl food bowls n
gamelle
A bowl that is used to serve food, especially to pets.

food chain food chains n
chaîne alimentaire
The feeding relationships between species in a biotic community.

food court food courts n
aire de restauration foire alimentaire
A common area for dining, containing or surrounded by contiguous counters of multiple food vendors, often adjoining a shopping area.

food for thought n
matière à penser
(idiomatic) Information or knowledge that is worthy of contemplation.

food literacy food literacies n
conscience alimentaire
An understanding of the impact of food choices on health, the environment, and the community.

food poisoning food poisonings n
intoxication alimentaire toxi-infection alimentaire
(pathology) Any food-borne disease, such as salmonella, which causes diarrhea, nausea, fever and abdominal cramps.

food processor food processors n
robot ménager
A small kitchen appliance for chopping or pureeing food.

food pyramid food pyramids n
pyramide alimentaire
(nutrition, US) Any pyramidal diagram giving advice on how to eat healthily, particularly those widely publicized by the United States government.

food stamp food stamps n
coupon alimentaire
A stamp or similar paper document (e.g. coupon) issued to be exchanged in shops or storage facilities for food, or (by extension) for other essential provisions, notably in a rationing system or as a non-financial form of welfare benefit.

food truck food trucks n
foodtruck
A van (or wagon) that serves as a restaurant kitchen to sell hot food to customers

food web /ˈfud wɛb/ /ˈfuːd wɛb/ food webs n
réseau trophique
(ecology) A diagram showing the organisms that eat other organisms in a particular ecosystem, predators being higher in the web than their prey.

foodie /ˈfuːdi/ foodies n
cuisinomane foodie
(colloquial) A person with a special interest in or knowledge of food, a gourmet.

foodporn n
foodporn
(slang) Enticing food imagery.

foodstuff /ˈfuːdˌstʌf/ foodstuffs n
aliment
A material that may be used as food.

fool /fuːl/ /fʊu(l)/ fools n
imbécile idiot dinde
(pejorative) A person with poor judgment or little intelligence.
fou bouffon
(historical) A jester; a person whose role was to entertain a sovereign and the court (or lower personages).
personnage comique
(literature) A stock character typified by unintelligence, naïveté or lucklessness, usually as a form of comic relief; often used as a source of insight or pathos for the audience, as such characters are generally less bound by social expectations.
fou mat
(tarot, often, capitalized, _, Fool) A particular card in a tarot deck, representing a jester.

fool /fuːl/ /fʊu(l)/ v
tromper duper rouler
(archaic) To make a fool of; to make act the fool.

fool around v
faire l'imbécile flâner
(intransitive, idiom) To engage in frivolous behaviour; to monkey around.
flâner se la couler douce traînailler
(intransitive) To waste time.

fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, shame on me proverb
piège-moi une fois, honte sur toi, piège-moi deux fois, honte sur moi qui me trompe une fois, honte à lui; qui me trompe deux fois, honte à moi

fool's cap n
bonnet de bouffon bonnet de fou
A cap, usually brightly coloured with bells and tassels, as worn by a court jester or fool.

fool's gold n
or des fous
A mineral or other substance often mistaken for gold; mainly iron pyrite.

fool's mate fool's mates n
mat de l'imbécile mat de l'écolier mat du débutant mat du lion mat du sot
(chess) The quickest possible checkmate in the game of chess.

foolery /ˈfuːləɹi/ fooleries n
folie
Foolish behaviour or speech.

foolhardy /ˈfulˌhɑɹdi/ /ˈfuːlhɑːdi/ foolhardier foolhardiest more foolhardy most foolhardy adj
tête brûlée
Marked by unthinking recklessness with disregard for danger; boldly rash; hotheaded.

foolish /ˈfuː.lɪʃ/ more foolish most foolish adj
idiot stupide bête sot
(of a person, an action, etc.) Lacking good sense or judgement; unwise.

foolishness /ˈfuːlɪʃnəs/ foolishnesses n
folie déraison sottise
(uncountable) The state of being foolish.
bêtise sottise folie
(countable) A thing or event that is foolish, or an absurdity.

foolproof /ˈfuːl ˌpɹuːf/ more foolproof most foolproof adj
infaillible
(of an idea or plan) Certain to succeed in all eventualities, or claimed to be so; infallible.

foosball /ˈfuːsˌbɔːl/ /ˈfuːzˌbɔːl/ n
baby-foot baby
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) table soccer (US), table football (UK)

foot /fʊt/ [fɤt] [fɤ̈t̚] [fɵʔt] [fʉ̞ʔt] [fʊt] [fʊtʰ] [fʊt̚] [fʷʊt̚] feet foot n
pied patte
A biological structure found in many animals that is used for locomotion and that is frequently a separate organ at the terminal part of the leg.
(printing) The base of a piece of type, forming the sides of the groove.
(phonology) The parsing of syllables into prosodic constituents, which are used to determine the placement of stress in languages along with the notions of constituent heads.
pied
The base or bottom of anything.
A short foot-like projection on the bottom of an object to support it.
(informal) Ellipsis of cubic foot. A unit of volume.
(informal) Ellipsis of square foot. A unit of area.
A unit of measure equal to twelve inches or one third of a yard, equal to exactly 30.48 centimetres.
(music) A unit of measure for organ pipes equal to the wavelength of two octaves above middle C, approximately 328 mm.

foot /fʊt/ [fɤt] [fɤ̈t̚] [fɵʔt] [fʉ̞ʔt] [fʊt] [fʊtʰ] [fʊt̚] [fʷʊt̚] v
donner un coup de pied
(transitive) To use the foot to kick (usually a ball).
payer
(transitive) To pay (a bill).

foot job foot jobs n
foot job footjob
A sexual act where the genitalia are stimulated by someone's feet.

foot stove foot stoves n
chaufferette
(historical) A small box, with an iron pan, to hold hot coals for warming the feet.

foot-and-mouth disease n
fièvre aphteuse
(disease) A highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease that can affect animals with cloven hooves.

footage /ˈfʊtɪd͡ʒ/ footages n
métrage métrage cinématographique
(usually, uncountable) An amount of film or tape that has been used to record something.

football /ˈfʊtboːl/ /ˈfʊtbɑl/ /ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˈfʊtbɔːl/ [ˈfʊʔbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔtbɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔtʰbɔːl] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔɫ] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔːl] [ˈfʷʊʔt̚bɑɫ] footballs n
football foot soccer
(UK, uncountable) Association football: a game in which two teams each contend to get a round ball into the other team's goal primarily by kicking the ball. Known as soccer in Canada, the United States, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand.
football australien rugby à XIII
(Australia, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, Tasmania, Northern Territory, southern New South Wales ) Australian rules football.
football foot ballon de foot soccer ballon
(countable) The ball used in any game called "football".

football match /ˈfʊtbɑl mæt͡ʃ/ /ˈfʊtbɔl mæt͡ʃ/ /ˈfʊtbɔːl mæt͡ʃ/ [fʷʊʔt̚bɑɫ mæt͡ʃ] [ˈfʊʔbɔːl mæt͡ʃ] [ˈfʊʔtbɔɫ mæt͡ʃ] [ˈfʊʔtʰbɔːl mæt͡ʃ] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔɫ mæt͡ʃ] [ˈfʊʔt̚bɔːl mæt͡ʃ] football matches n
match de football match de foot
(sports) A single game of football between two teams.

football tennis n
tennis-ballon
(sports) A sport played with a ball over a net on a tennis-like court, with the ball similar to the football one, and the net to the tennis one.

footballer /ˈfʊtbɔːlə/ /ˈfʊtbɔːləɹ/ footballers n
footballeur footballeuse
(soccer, UK) One who plays association football.

footbath /ˈfʊtbæθ/ /ˈfʊtbɑːθ/ footbaths n
bain de pieds
The act of soaking or washing the feet.
pédiluve
A small basin or bath designed for soaking or washing the feet.

footbinding footbindings n
pieds bandés
The old Chinese custom of binding women's feet with cloth to prevent them from growing with age.

footbridge footbridges n
passerelle
A bridge over a road, railway, river, etc for pedestrians.

footer /ˈfʊtə(ɹ)/ footers n
foot
(archaic) A footgoer; pedestrian
(in combination) Something that measures a stated number of feet in some dimension.
(in combination) Someone who has a preference for using a certain foot.
pied de page foot
(computing) A line of information printed at the bottom of a page to identify the contents or number pages. (Compare foot in printing.)

footer /ˈfʊtə(ɹ)/ v
glander glandouiller
(Ireland, &, Scotland, slang) To meddle with or pass time without accomplishing anything meaningful.

foothill foothills n
contrefort piémont
A hill at the base of a mountain or mountain range.

foothold /ˈfʊthoʊld/ footholds n
point d'appui
(climbing) A solid grip with the feet.

footlight footlights n
feux de la rampe
A stage light located at the front edge of the stage that illuminates the actors from foot level up.

footlocker footlockers n
cantine
A long, rectangular trunk or similar container that lies flat on the floor, especially one used for personal belongings and kept at the foot of a bed, commonly used in barracks and dormitories.

footman footmen n
laquais valet de pied
A man in waiting; a male servant whose duties are to attend the door, the carriage, the table, etc.

footnote /ˈfʊtˌnoʊt/ /ˈfʊtˌnəʊt/ footnotes n
note de bas de page note en bas de page
A short piece of text, often numbered, placed at the bottom of a printed page, that adds a comment, citation, reference etc, to a designated part of the main text.

footpath /ˈfʊtˌpæθ/ /ˈfʊtˌpɑːθ/ footpaths n
sentier chemin pédestre
Any set path or trail to be used by people walking.

footprint /ˈfʊtpɹɪnt/ footprints n
empreinte de pied
The impression of the foot in a soft substance such as sand or snow.
empreinte écologique
(ecology) The ecological impact of a human activity, machine, etc.

footrace footraces n
course à pied
A race run on foot.

footrest footrests n
repose-pied
A support on which to rest the feet.

footsie /ˈfʊtsi/ footsies n
faire du pied
A flirting game where two people touch their feet together, under a table or otherwise concealed, as a romantic prelude.

footstep /ˈfʊtstɛp/ footsteps n
empreinte trace de pas
The mark or impression left by a foot; a track.
bruit de pas marche pas
A step, as in a stair.
enjambée pas
The distance between one foot and the next when walking; a pace.
marche
The act of taking a step.

footstool /ˈfʊtˌstuːl/ footstools n
repose-pied
A low stool for supporting the feet while seated.

footwear footwears n
chaussure soulier
Items or an item of clothing that is worn on the foot; a shoe, sandal, etc.

footwrap footwraps n
chaussette russe
A strip of cloth worn around the feet before the wide availability of socks or to avoid chafing, absorb sweat and improve the foothold.

fop /fɑp/ /fɒp/ fops n
bellâtre
(dated) A vain man; a dandy.

foppery fopperies n
m'as-tu-vu
The dress or actions of a fop.

foppish /ˈfɒp.ɪʃ/ more foppish most foppish adj
soigné
Like a fop, a man overly concerned with his appearance; vain and showy.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fəɹ/ conjunction
car parce que
(formal, literary) Because.

for /foː(ɹ)/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː(ɹ)/ /fɘ(ɹ)/ /fə/ /fəɹ/ preposition
pour vers
Towards; in the direction of.
pour
Directed at; intended to belong to.
Supporting, in favour of.
In the role or capacity of; instead of; in place of.
In order to obtain or acquire.
depuis pendant
Over (a period of time).
par estre pour estre
By the standards of, usually with the implication that those standards are lower than one might otherwise expect; considering.

for God's sake interjection
mon Dieu pour l'amour de Dieu
An exclamation of anger, surprise, or impatience.

for a change
pour changer
(idiomatic) As a departure from the usual.

for a song
pour une bouchée de pain pour trois fois rien
(idiomatic) For a very low price; very cheaply.

for better or worse
pour le meilleur et pour le pire pour le meilleur comme pour le pire
No matter what the future may hold (no matter whether it is good or bad).

for ever and ever adv
pour les siècles des siècles
(Bible, Christian liturgy) Eternally; timelessly; with no beginning and no end.
pour toujours et à jamais
(as an intensifier) Forever.

for example
par exemple
(conjunctive) As an example.

for free
gratuitement
Without paying; free.

for fuck's sake
bon Dieu bon sang nom de Dieu putain putain de bordel de merde putain de merde
(idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar) An expression of anger or frustration.

for good /fə ˈɡʊd/ /fəɹ ˈɡʊd/
définitivement pour de bon
(idiomatic) In a way that is conclusive and final.

for good measure
faire bonne mesure
(idiomatic) In excess of the minimum required; added as an extra.

for heaven's sake adv
pour l'amour du ciel

for hours adv
pendant des heures
taking many hours

for life
à vie
For the rest of a person's life.

for loop for loops n
boucle for
(programming) A section of code in which an instruction or group of instructions is executed a specific number of times depending on the value of a loop counter.

for nothing adv
en pure perte pour rien
For free.

for now
pour l'instant pour le moment
At the moment; until later.

for old times' sake
comme au bon vieux temps en mémoire du bon vieux temps

for once
pour une fois
(idiomatic) For the first time, after many instances to the contrary; in a rare exception to the rule; as an exception to the usual.

for one adv
en ce qui concerne
As one person among other people who may not hold the same opinion.

for one thing
premièrement pour commencer primo
(sequence) Used to introduce the first item in a possible sequence

for real more for real most for real adj
pour de vrai véridique
(informal) Genuine, true; serious, earnest.

for real adv
bien sûr vraiment
Genuinely, truly.

for realsies adv
pour de vrai

for rent
à louer
Being offered for renting.

for sale
à vendre en vente
Being offered for purchase.

for show
pour la galerie

for starters adv
primo
(informal) As an initial point; before any other considerations.

for sure
assurément pour sûr sans aucun doute
Definitely, positively, without a doubt.

for that matter
d'ailleurs
(idiomatic) as far as that is concerned.

for the life of one
même si sa vie en dépendait
(colloquial, only with a negative) Even if one's (own) life depended on it; at all.

for the most part adv
en grande partie dans l'ensemble
(idiomatic) Mostly; in general; usually.

for the nonce /nɑn(t)s/ /nɒn(t)s/
pour le moment
(idiomatic) For the time being, for now, with the expectation that the situation may change.

for the record
pour l'histoire pour mémoire
For the purpose of being recorded, especially when already known.

for the sake of
au nom de dans l'intérêt de pour l'amour de
Because of; out of consideration for; in the interest of.

for the time being adv
pour le moment pour l'instant
(idiomatic) Temporarily; for now; until later; until the situation changes; in an indefinite period of time.

for want of preposition
faute de à défaut de

for what it's worth
pour ce que cela vaut pour ce que ça vaut
Considering what limited worth this advice, opinion, or suggestion might have for you; used to soften the presentation of unsolicited advice or information that may not be relevant.

for your information
pour info pour ta gouverne pour votre gouverne
(colloquial) Used to introduce a rebuttal to the interlocutor's previous statement, especially when the statement angered or offended the speaker.

forage /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfɑɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈfo̞ɹɪd͡ʒ] forages n
fourrage
Fodder for animals, especially cattle and horses.

forage /ˈfoɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfɑɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈfo̞ɹɪd͡ʒ] v
fourrager
To rampage through, gathering and destroying as one goes.
fouiller fourrager
To rummage.

foraminifer /ˌfɒɹəˈmɪnɪfə/ /ˌfɔɹəˈmɪnəfɚ/ foraminifers n
foraminifère
Any of a large group of aquatic amoeboid protists of the subphylum Foraminifera, characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm that among other things is used for catching food, often with a calcareous shell with many holes through which pseudopodia protrude.

foray /ˈfɒɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.æɪ/ forays n
incursion
A sudden or irregular incursion in border warfare; hence, any irregular incursion for war or spoils; a raid.

foray /ˈfɒɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɹ.æɪ/ v
fourrager
To participate in a foray.

forbear /fɔɹˈbɛɚ/ /fɔːˈbɛə/ v
s'abstenir éviter
(transitive) To keep away from; to avoid; to abstain from.
ajourner refréner réfréner
(intransitive) To refrain from proceeding; to pause; to delay.
décliner refuser
(intransitive) To refuse; to decline; to withsay; to unheed.
garder son sang froid se retenir
(intransitive) To control oneself when provoked.

forbearance /foːˈbeə.ɹən(t)s/ /foːˈbiəɹɘn(t)s/ /fɔɹˈbɛɹ.ən(t)s/ /fɔːˈbɛː.ɹən(t)s/ forbearances n
longanimité
Patient self-control; restraint and tolerance under provocation.

forbid /fəˈbɪd/ /fɚˈbɪd/ v
interdire nier dénier
(transitive) To disallow; to proscribe.

forbidden /fəˈbɪdn̩/ /fɚˈbɪdn̩/ more forbidden most forbidden adj
interdit
Not allowed; specifically disallowed.

forbidden fruit forbidden fruits n
fruit défendu
(biblical) The fruit forbidden to Adam.

forbidden fruit is the sweetest proverb
le fruit défendu est celui qui a le meilleur goût
Forbidden things seem more appealing; people desire things more if (or, in some way, because) they can't have them.

force /fo(ː)ɹs/ /foəs/ /fɔɹs/ /fɔːs/ [fo̞ɹs] forces n
force
Strength or energy of body or mind; active power; vigour; might; capacity of exercising an influence or producing an effect.
Power exerted against will or consent; compulsory power; violence; coercion.
(countable) Anything that is able to make a substantial change in a person or thing.
(countable, physics) A physical quantity that denotes ability to push, pull, twist or accelerate a body and which has a direction and is measured in a unit dimensioned in mass × distance/time² (ML/T²): SI: newton (N); CGS: dyne (dyn)
(legal) Legal validity.
forces force
(countable) A group that aims to attack, control, or constrain.
pouvoir force
(uncountable) The ability to attack, control, or constrain.
truc
(countable) A magic trick in which the outcome is known to the magician beforehand, especially one involving the apparent free choice of a card by another person.
Force force
(humorous, or, science fiction, with the, often, capitalized) A metaphysical and ubiquitous power from the fictional Star Wars universe created by George Lucas. See usage note. [1977]

force /fo(ː)ɹs/ /foəs/ /fɔɹs/ /fɔːs/ [fo̞ɹs] v
forcer contraindre
(archaic) To put in force; to cause to be executed; to make binding; to enforce.
(archaic) To provide with forces; to reinforce; to strengthen by soldiers; to man; to garrison.

force field force fields n
champ de force
(science fiction) An invisible barrier used as a protective shield.

force majeure /-mə-/ /ˌfoɹs mɑˈʒɜɹ/ /ˌfɔːs mæˈʒɜː/ forces majeures n
force majeure
An overwhelming force. [from late 19th c.]
force majeure cas fortuit
(law) An unavoidable circumstance, especially one that prevents someone from fulfilling a legal (usually contractual) obligation.

force of nature forces of nature n
force de la nature
A mighty natural force which is beyond human control, notably if potentially catastrophic, such as the elements (e.g. storms and extreme temperatures) or geological (e.g. seismic and volcanic) activity.
(figuratively) A thing or person that exhibits qualities which appear to be beyond outside control.

force one's way v
passer en force

force someone's hand v
forcer la main
(idiomatic) Bring about a situation which necessitates an agent to act, often causing a plan to be executed prematurely.

force-feed v
alimenter de force gaver
To force a person or animal to ingest food, for example by stuffing food down the throat, or using a tube passed into the stomach.

forced /fo(ː)ɹst/ /foəst/ /fɔɹst/ /fɔːst/ more forced most forced adj
forcé
Obtained forcefully, not naturally.

forced labor n
travail forcé
(American spelling) Work which one is compelled to perform against one's will, especially in a condition of involuntary servitude as a prisoner or slave.

forced laborer forced laborers n
bagnard forçat galérien
A convict sentenced to perform forced labor

forced landing forced landings n
atterrissage forcé

forced march forced marches n
marche forcée
(military) A movement on foot by soldiers or prisoners of war, who must, in order to satisfy a military requirement, travel at a speed or in adverse conditions that would normally tire them excessively.

forced perspective n
perspective forcée
An optical illusion in which an object appears of a different size or distance away than it actually is.

forcefully more forcefully most forcefully adv
avec force vigoureusement énergiquement
With either physical or coercive force; in a forceful manner; vigorously; powerfully.

forceps /ˈfoɹsɛps/ /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹsɛps/ /ˈfɔːsəps/ /ˈfɔːsɛps/ forceps forcepses forcipes n
forceps davier
An instrument used in surgery or medical procedures for grasping and holding objects, similar to tongs or pincers.

forcible more forcible most forcible adj
violent
Done by force, forced.
puissant
(rare, or, obsolete) Having (physical) force, forceful.
impressionnant
Having a powerful effect; forceful, telling, strong, convincing, effective.
forcé forçable
Able to be forced.

forcibly /ˈfɔːsəbli/ adv
de force
In a forcible manner, by force, against one's will.
In a forcible manner, with force, with powerful effect, powerfully, strongly.

ford /fo(ː)ɹd/ /foəd/ /fɔɹd/ /fɔːd/ fords n
gué
A location where a stream is shallow and the bottom has good footing, making it possible to cross from one side to the other with no bridge, by walking, riding, or driving through the water; a crossing.

ford /fo(ː)ɹd/ /foəd/ /fɔɹd/ /fɔːd/ v
passer à gué
To cross a stream using a ford.

fore and aft adv
longitudinal

fore-and-aft rig fore-and-aft rigs n
gréement de goélette
(nautical) A sailing rig consisting of sails set mainly along the line of the keel.

forearm /ˈfɔɹˌɑɹm/ /ˈfɔːˌɹɑːm/ /ˌfɔɹˈɑɹm/ /ˌfɔːˈɹɑːm/ forearms n
avant-bras
The part of the arm between the wrist and the elbow.

forebear /ˈfɔɹˌbɛɚ/ /ˈfɔːˌbɛə/ forebears n
ancêtre
An ancestor.

foreboding forebodings n
mauvais pressentiment mauvais présage
A sense of evil to come.

forebrain forebrains n
cerveau antérieur prosencéphale
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the brain, including the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.

forebuy v
avancer
(transitive) To buy beforehand; accept or receive in advance.

forecast /ˈfɔɹkæst/ /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ forecasts n
prévision météo prévision météorologique
prévision
An estimation of a future condition.

forecast /ˈfɔɹkæst/ /ˈfɔːkɑːst/ v
prévoir
To estimate how something will be in the future.

forecastle /ˈfoɹ.kæ.səl/ /ˈfoʊk.səl/ forecastles n
gaillard
(nautical) A raised part of the upper deck at the front of a ship.

foreclose /ˌfɔɹˈkloʊz/ /ˌfɔːˈkləʊz/ v
saisir
(transitive, legal) To repossess a mortgaged property whose owner has failed to make the necessary payments; used with on.

foreclosure foreclosures n
saisie saisie immobilière saisie d'hypothèque
(legal) The proceeding, by a creditor, to regain property or other collateral following a default on mortgage payments.

forecourt forecourts n
parvis
(chiefly, British) Any open area in front of a building.

foredeck foredecks n
pont avant
The part of the deck of a ship or boat that lies forward of the mast

foredoom /fɔːˈduːm/ /ˈfɔːduːm/ n
destin fatalité
A doom that is predicted; destiny.

foredoom /fɔːˈduːm/ /ˈfɔːduːm/ v
condamner à l'avance
(transitive) To predestine to a doom.

forefather /ˈfɔɹˌfɑːðɚ/ /ˈfɔːˌfɑːðə/ forefathers n
ancêtre aïeul
ancestor

forefinger /ˈfɔɹˌfɪŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈfɔːˌfɪŋ.ɡə/ forefingers n
index
(human, _, anatomy) The index finger: the first finger next to the thumb.

forefront /fo(ː)ɹfɹʌnt/ /foəfɹʌnt/ /ˈfɔɹfɹʌnt/ /ˈfɔːfɹʌnt/ forefronts n
avant-garde premier plan
The leading position or edge.

foregoing /ˌfɔː(ɹ)ˈɡəʊ.ɪŋ/ adj
ci-dessus précédent
Occurring before or in front of something else, in time, place, rank or sequence.

foregone /ˈfɔɹɡɔn/ more foregone most foregone adj
précédent
previous, former
passé
bygone
couru d'avance inévitable prévisible
(informal) inevitable; settled

foregone conclusion foregone conclusions n
couru d'avance
A predictable or inevitable conclusion, or one made without any consideration.

foreground /ˈfɔː(ɹ)ˌɡɹaʊnd/ foregrounds n
premier plan avant-plan
The elements of an image which lie closest to the picture plane.

forehand /fɔːhænd/ /fɔːɹhænd/ forehands n
coup droit
(racket sports) A stroke in which the palm of the hand faces the direction of the stroke.

forehead /ˈfɑɹɪd/ /ˈfɒɹɛd/ /ˈfɒɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹɛd/ /ˈfɔɹɪd/ /ˈfɔɹˌhɛd/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)hɛd/ /ˈfɔːɹɛd/ foreheads n
front
(countable) The part of the face above the eyebrows and below the hairline.

forehold /ˈfɔɹˌhoʊld/ /ˈfɔːhəʊld/ foreholds n
cale avant
(nautical) The forward or front part of the hold of a ship.

foreign /ˈfɑɹɪn/ /ˈfɒɹən/ /ˈfɒɹɪn/ /ˈfɔɹən/ /ˈfɔɹɪn/ more foreign most foreign adj
étranger étrangère
Located outside a country or place, especially one's own.
Originating from, characteristic of, belonging to, or being a citizen of a country or place other than the one under discussion.
Not characteristic of or naturally taken in by an organism or system.

foreign affairs n
affaires étrangères
Policy of a government in dealing with other countries or with activities overseas.
affaires étrangères ministère des affaires étrangères
A government office or department charged with handling relations with other countries.

foreign agent foreign agents n
agent de l'étranger agente de l'étranger
Anyone who actively carries out the interests of a foreign country while located in another host country

foreign body foreign bodies n
corps étranger
An unwanted, intruding object or piece of matter.

foreign country foreign countries n
étranger pays étranger
Any country of which one is not a citizen. (This entry is a translation hub.)

foreign currency foreign currencies n
monnaie étrangère
(banking, finance) Any currency that is in use in a foreign nation, and an authorized medium of circulation and the basis for record-keeping in that nation.

foreign debt foreign debts n
dette extérieure
(countable, finance) A debt that a country, an organization in a country, or a resident individual in a country owes to those in other countries.
(uncountable, economics) An aggregate amount of such debts.

foreign exchange foreign exchanges n
forex marché des changes
The exchange of currency from one country for currency from another country.

foreign key foreign keys n
clé étrangère
(database) A column (or group of columns) in a relational table that identifies another table, so that items in the two tables can be conceptually linked.

foreign language foreign languages n
langue étrangère
A language that is not widely or officially spoken in a particular place.

foreign minister foreign ministers n
ministre des Affaires étrangères
The cabinet official in charge of relationships with foreign nations.

foreign national foreign nationals n
ressortissant ressortissante

foreign policy foreign policies n
politique extérieure
A government's policy relating to relations with other nations and international organisations.

foreign trade n
commerce extérieur
Trade between a country and other countries.

foreigner /ˈfɑɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪ.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪ.nɚ/ foreigners n
étranger étrangère
A person from a foreign country.

foreignness /ˈfɔɹən.nəs/ foreignnesses n
extranéité
(uncountable) The quality of being, appearing, or being perceived as foreign; exoticness, otherness.

foreknow /ˌfɔɹˈnoʊ/ /ˌfɔːˈnəʊ/ v
prévoir
To have knowledge of beforehand.

forelimb forelimbs n
membre antérieur membre crânial membre thoracique
The anterior limb (or equivalent appendage) of an animal

forelock forelocks n
frange
The part of a person's hairstyle which covers the forehead.
toupet
The part of a horse's (or similar animal's) mane that lies on its forehead.

foreman /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mən/ foremen n
contremaître chef chef d'équipe
(management) The leader of a work crew.

foremast foremasts n
mât de misaine
(nautical) The mast nearest the bow, on a sailing ship with more than one mast or a non-sailing ship with any masts; the second-tallest mast on a full-rigged ship.

foremost /ˈfɔː.məʊst/ adj
principal

forename /ˈfɔɹneɪm/ /ˈfɔːneɪm/ v
prénom nom de baptême
To assign (someone) a first name.

forensic /fəˈɹɛn.sɪk/ /fəˈɹɛn.zɪk/ adj
légal forensique médicolégal
Relating to the use of science and technology in the investigation and establishment of facts or evidence in a court of law.
juridique légal
(dated) Relating to, or appropriate for, courts of law.
barreau rhétorique
(archaic) Relating to, or used in, debate or argument.

forensic medicine n
médecine légale
The application of medical science to criminal investigation, especially in establishing the causes of injury or death.

forensic science forensic sciences n
criminalistique médecine légale
Any of several fields of study involving the collection of physical evidence and its subsequent analysis.

forepaw /ˈfɔɹpɑ/ /ˈfɔɹpɔ/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)pɔː/ forepaws n
patte avant
Either of the paws of an animal's foreleg, homologous to the hand in humans.

foreplay /ˈfɔː(ɹ)pleɪ/ n
préliminaires
In human sexual behavior, the acts at the beginning of a sexual encounter that serve to build up sexual arousal.

foresail foresails n
misaine
(nautical, on a square-rigged ship) The lowest (and usually the largest) square sail hung on the foremast

foresee /fɔɹˈsi/ /fɔːˈsiː/ v
prévoir anticiper
To be able to see beforehand: to anticipate; predict.

foreseeable more foreseeable most foreseeable adj
prévisible
able to be foreseen or anticipated

foreshadow /fɔːɹˈʃædoʊ/ /fɔːˈʃadəʊ/ v
augurer présager
(transitive) To presage, or suggest something in advance. [from 16th c.]

foreshadowing foreshadowings n
augure présage
(literature, usually, uncountable) A literary device whereby an author drops hints or symbolic representations of plot developments to come later in the story.

foreshortening foreshortenings n
raccourci
(arts) A technique for creating the appearance that the object of a drawing is extending into space by shortening the lines with which that object is drawn.

foresight /ˈfo(ː)ɹsaɪt/ /ˈfoəsaɪt/ /ˈfɔɹsaɪt/ /ˈfɔːsaɪt/ foresights n
prévoyance clairvoyance prescience
The ability to foresee or prepare wisely for the future.

foreskin /ˈfo(ː)ɹskɪn/ /ˈfoəskɪn/ /ˈfɔɹskɪn/ /ˈfɔːskɪn/ foreskins n
prépuce
(anatomy) The nerve-dense, retractable fold of skin which covers and protects the head of the penis in humans and some other animals.

forest /fɔɹst/ /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst/ /ˈfɔɹ.ɪst/ n
forêt bois brousse bosquet sylve
A dense uncultivated tract of trees and undergrowth, larger than woods.

forest fire forest fires n
feu de forêt FdF
A fire, often large, that consumes a forest or woodland.

forest fruits n
fruits des bois fruits rouges petits fruits

forest ranger forest rangers n
garde forestier

forest star forest stars n
caca poule cicrite gros lingue liane de Kisanji lingue lingue café
(Zambia, Zimbabwe) Mussaenda arcuata, a shrub species of the family Rubiaceae with a star-shaped 5-lobed yellow corolla, whose centre is also star-shaped and hairy, orange to brown in colour; native range is Tropical Africa and Western Indian Ocean.

forestage forestages n
avant-scène
The part of a theatre stage in front of the closed curtain.

forestall /fɔː(ɹ)ˈstɔːl/ v
empêcher prévenir
(transitive) To prevent, delay or hinder something by taking precautionary or anticipatory measures; to avert.
anticiper
To anticipate, to act foreseeingly.

forested more forested most forested adj
forestier sylvestre
Covered in forest.

forester foresters n
forestière forestier sylviculteur sylvicultrice
A person who practices forestry.

forestry /ˈfɑɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ /ˈfɒɹ.ɪst.ɹi/ forestries n
administration forestière
sylviculture
(uncountable) The science of planting and growing trees in forests.
(uncountable) The art and practice of planting and growing trees in forests.

foretaste foretastes n
avant-goût
A sample taken in anticipation; an experience undergone in advance.

foretell /fɔɹˈtɛl/ [foː.ˈteɫ] [fɔɹ.ˈtɛɫ] [fɔː.ˈtɛɫ] v
prédire
(ambitransitive) To predict; to tell (the future) before it occurs; to prophesy.

forever /fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/ /fəˈɹɛvɚ/ [fɔɹˈɛvɚ] [fəˈɹɛvɚ] [fɚˈɛvɚ] adv
pour toujours à jamais
(duration) For all time, for all eternity; for a lifetime; for an infinite amount of time.

forever /fəˈɹɛvə(ɹ)/ /fəˈɹɛvɚ/ [fɔɹˈɛvɚ] [fəˈɹɛvɚ] [fɚˈɛvɚ] forevers n
toujours éternellement

forevermore /fɔːɹˈɛv.ɚ.mɔːɹ/ /fəˈɹɛv.ə.mɔː/ adv
pour toujours à jamais
At any or all times in the future; forever

forewarn v
précautionner
To warn in advance.

forewarned is forearmed proverb
un homme averti en vaut deux
Advance awareness of a situation, especially a risky one, prepares one to deal with it.

foreword /ˈfɔɹwɚd/ /ˈfɔɹwɝd/ /ˈfɔːwɜːd/ forewords n
avant-propos
An introductory section preceding the main text of a book or other document; a preface or introduction.

forex /ˈfɔɹˌɛks/ forexes n
forex
Short for foreign exchange.

forfeit /ˈfɔɹ.fɪt/ /ˈfɔː.fɪt/ forfeits n
gage
Something deposited and redeemable by a sportive fine as part of a game.

forfeit /ˈfɔɹ.fɪt/ /ˈfɔː.fɪt/ v
démériter perdre
To suffer the loss of something by wrongdoing or non-compliance
abandonner déclarer forfait
To be guilty of a misdeed; to be criminal; to transgress.

forgather /fəˈɡaðə/ /fɚˈɡæðɚ/ v
se réunir
(intransitive) To assemble or gather together in one place, to gather up; to congregate.

forge /fo(ː)ɹd͡ʒ/ /foəd͡ʒ/ /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ /fɔːd͡ʒ/ forges n
forge
A furnace or hearth where metals are heated prior to hammering them into shape.
A workshop in which metals are shaped by heating and hammering them.

forge /fo(ː)ɹd͡ʒ/ /foəd͡ʒ/ /fɔɹd͡ʒ/ /fɔːd͡ʒ/ v
forger
(metallurgy) To shape a metal by heating and hammering.
falsifier contrefaire
To create a forgery of; to make a counterfeit item of; to copy or imitate unlawfully.

forged /fɔːd͡ʒd/ /fɔːɹdʒd/ adj
falsifié
Fake (as documents); falsified.

forger forgers n
faussaire
A person who creates forgeries, falsifies documents with intent to defraud, e.g. to create a false will or illicit copies of currency; counterfeiter.
forgeron forgeronne
A person who forges metals.

forgery /ˈfɔː.dʒəɹ.ɪ/ /ˈfɔːɹ.d͡ʒəɹ.ɪ/ forgeries n
contrefaçon falsification faux invention

forget /fɔɹˈɡɛt/ /fɔːˈɡɛt/ /fəˈɡɛt/ /fɚˈɡɛt/ v
oublier
(transitive) To lose remembrance of.
(transitive) To unintentionally not do, neglect.
(transitive) To unintentionally leave something behind.
(intransitive) To cease remembering.

forget it v
oublier pas question
Absolutely not; I forbid it or it is impossible.
laissez tomber
It doesn't matter.
de rien
A conventional reply to an expression of gratitude.
laisser faire
I don't want to continue with this conversation (usually used in frustration or anger).

forget-me-not /fəˈɡɛt.miːˌnɒt/ /fɚˈɡɛt.miˌnɑt/ forget-me-nots n
myosotis ne-m'oubliez-pas
Any of the flowering plants of the genus Myosotis, mostly with a small five-petalled blue flower.

forgetful more forgetful most forgetful adj
oublieux
Unable to remember things well; liable to forget.

forgettable more forgettable most forgettable adj
oubliable
Easily forgotten, unspecial

forgetter forgetters n
oubliant
one who forgets, fails to remember something

forgivable more forgivable most forgivable adj
pardonnable véniel excusable
Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.

forgive /fɔː(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fə(ɹ)ˈɡɪv/ /fɚˈɡɪv/ v
pardonner
(transitive) To pardon (someone); to waive any negative feeling towards or desire for punishment or retribution against.
(transitive) To pardon for (something); to waive any negative feeling over or retribution for.

forgiveness /fəˈɡɪvnəs/ /fɚˈɡɪvnəs/ forgivenesses n
pardon
The action of forgiving.

forgiving more forgiving most forgiving adj
indulgent indulgente
Inclined to forgive.

forgo /fɔɹˈɡoʊ/ /fɔːˈɡəʊ/ v
renoncer se passer de
To do without, to abandon, to renounce.

forgotten /fəˈɡɒt.n̩/ /fəˈɡʌt.n̩/ /fɚˈɡɑt.n̩/ /fɚˈɡʌt.n̩/ more forgotten most forgotten adj
oublié
Of which knowledge has been lost; which is no longer remembered.

fork /foɹk/ /fɔ(ː)ɹk/ /fɔːk/ [fo̞ɹk] forks n
fourche fourchette
Any of several types of pronged (tined) tools (physical tools), as follows:
(cycling, motorcycles, by abstraction from a pronged tool's shape) In a bicycle or motorcycle, the portion of the frameset holding the front wheel, allowing the rider to steer and balance, also called front fork.
fourchette fourche
Such a pronged tool having a long straight handle, generally for two-handed use, as used for digging, lifting, mucking, pitching, etc.
bifurcation fourche
(physical) An intersection in a road or path where one road is split into two.
(by abstraction, from the tool shape) A point where a waterway, such as a river or other stream, splits and flows into two (or more) different directions.
duplication de processus fork
(metonymically, and analogous to any prong of a pronged tool) One of the parts into which anything is furcated or divided; a prong; a branch of a stream, a road, etc.; a barbed point, as of an arrow.
fourchette
(chess) The simultaneous attack of two adversary pieces with one single attacking piece (especially a knight).

fork bomb fork bombs n
fork bomb
(computing) A program that creates a large number of self-replicating tasks or processes in a computer system in order to produce a denial of service.

fork hoe /ˈfɔɹk ˌhoʊ/ /ˈfɔːk ˌhəʊ/ fork hoes n
bigos
A hoe with two or more tines at right angles to the shaft, typically used to loosen the soil for planting or sowing.

fork in the road forks in the road n
bifurcation embranchement
A junction in which one road becomes two divergent roads.

forkful forkfuls forksful n
fourchetée fourchettée
The amount that a fork will hold.

forklift forklifts n
chariot élévateur élévateur
A small industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork-like pronged platform that can be raised and lowered for insertion under a load, often on pallets, to be lifted and moved.

forklift operator forklift operators n
cariste
A person who operates a forklift.

forlorn /fɔɹˈlɔɹn/ /fɔːˈlɔːn/ /fəˈlɔːn/ /fɚˈlɔɹn/ forlorner forlornest more forlorn most forlorn adj
abandonné perdu
Abandoned, deserted, left behind.
misérable
Pitifully sad, wretched, miserable; lonely, especially from feeling abandoned, deserted, forsaken.
désespéré
Unlikely to succeed; hopeless.

forlorn hope /fɔɹˌlɔɹn ˈhoʊp/ /fɔː-/ /fəˌlɔːn ˈhəʊp/ forlorn hopes n
enfants perdus
A small troop of soldiers picked to make an advance attack, or the first attack; a storming party.

form /foɹm/ /fɔ(ː)ɹm/ /fɔːm/ [fo̞ɹm] forms n
forme
The shape or visible structure of a thing or person.
formulaire forme
A blank document or template to be filled in by the user.

form /foɹm/ /fɔ(ː)ɹm/ /fɔːm/ [fo̞ɹm] v
former
(transitive) To give (a shape or visible structure) to a thing or person.
(transitive, linguistics) To create (a word) by inflection or derivation.
former se former
(transitive) To constitute, to compose, to make up.

form of government forms of government n
régime politique
(political science) The system by which a state or community is controlled, as for decision-making or choice of rulers.

formal /ˈfɔɹməl/ /ˈfɔːməl/ more formal most formal adj
formel soutenu
Being in accord with established forms.
officiel formel
Official.
formel
Relating to the form or structure of something.
(mathematics) Relating to mere manipulation and construction of strings of symbols, without regard to their meaning.

formal language formal languages n
langage formel
(computing theory) A set of finite strings (called words) made of symbols (from a finite set of symbols, called an alphabet).

formaldehyde /fɔː(ɹ)ˈmældɪhaɪd/ formaldehydes n
formaldéhyde
(organic compound) The simplest aldehyde, HCHO, a colourless gas that has many industrial applications; it dissolves in water to give formol (10%) and formalin.

formalin formalins n
formol
A solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant and to preserve biological specimens.

formalism /ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪzm̩/ /ˈfɔːməlɪz(ə)m/ formalisms n
formalisme
(linguistics, computing, mathematics) A formal expression of a grammar; a formal grammar; a set of rules of syntax that, without reference to semantics, determine whether a sequence of symbols is a well-formed sentence in a given formal language.

formalist /ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪst/ more formalist most formalist adj
formaliste
Of or pertaining to formalism; formalistic

formalist /ˈfɔɹml̩ˌɪst/ formalists n
formaliste
An overly formal person, especially one who adheres to current forms; a stickler

formality formalities n
formalité
(uncountable) The state of being formal.
(countable) A specific requirement for obtaining a legal status, conducting a transaction, etc.

formally /ˈfoː.mə.li/ /ˈfɔɹ.mə.li/ /ˈfɔː.mə.li/ /ˈfɔːm.li/ more formally most formally adv
formellement
In a formal manner.

formant /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mənt/ formants n
formant
(physics, phonetics) A band of frequencies, in a sound spectrum, that have a greater intensity; they determine the quality of a sound; especially the characteristic sounds of the consonants.

format /ˈfɔː(ɹ).mæt/ /ˈfɔːɹ.mæt/ formats n
format
The layout of a publication or document.
(hence) The form of presentation of something.
(computing) A file type.

formatting /ˈfɔɹmætiŋ/ formattings n
mise en page
The visual style of a document, including fonts, borders, etc.

former /ˈfɔɹmɚ/ /ˈfɔːmə/ adj
ancien précédent
Previous.
celui-là premier
First of aforementioned two items. Used with the, often without a noun.

former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia pn
ARYM ancienne République yougoslave de Macédoine ex-République yougoslave de Macédoine
A provisional designation (because of a naming dispute with Greece) formerly used by many international organizations to refer to the Republic of North Macedonia, a country on the Balkan Peninsula. (Abbreviated FYROM.)

formerly /ˈfɔɹmɚli/ /ˈfɔːməli/ /ˈfɔːmərli/ adv
anciennement auparavant autrefois
at some time in the past

formic acid n
acide formique
(organic compound) The simplest carboxylic acid, HCOOH, a colourless, corrosive liquid with a sharp odour; it is present in the stings of ants, bees and nettles, and is prepared industrially by the oxidation of methanol or formaldehyde; it has some industrial uses, and its esters, the formates are used in perfumes.

formidable /fɔːɹˈmɪdəbəl/ /fɔːˈmɪdəbəl/ /fəˈmɪdəbəl/ /ˈfɔːɹmɪdəbəl/ more formidable most formidable adj
formidable
Causing fear, dread, awe, or discouragement as a result of size, strength, or some other impressive feature; commanding respect; causing wonder or astonishment.

formless /ˈfɔːmləs/ more formless most formless adj
informe sans forme
Without form; shapeless.

formula /ˈfɔɹ.mjə.lə/ /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ formulae formulas formulæ n
formule
(mathematics) Any mathematical rule expressed symbolically.
(chemistry) A symbolic expression of the structure of a compound.
A plan or method for dealing with a problem or for achieving a result.
aliment lacté pour nourrissons lait maternisé préparation pour nourrissons
(countable, uncountable) Ellipsis of infant formula; drink given to babies to substitute for mother's milk.

formulate /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mjʊleɪt/ v
formuler
(transitive) To put into a clear and definite form of statement or expression.

formulation formulations n
formulation
The act, process, or result of formulating or reducing to a formula.

formwise adv
sur la forme

formwork formworks n
coffrage banche
(construction) A temporary mold, made from planks, into which concrete is poured

formworker formworkers n
coffreur

formyl /ˈfɔː(ɹ)maɪl/ /ˈfɔː(ɹ)mɪl/ formyls n
formyle
(organic chemistry) The univalent radical -CHO, derived from formaldehyde, that is characteristic of aldehydes

formylium n
formylium

fornicate /ˈfɔɹ.nɪ.kət/ /ˈfɔɹ.nɪˌkeɪt/ /ˈfɔː.nɪ.kət/ /ˈfɔː.nɪˌkeɪt/ v
forniquer
(intransitive) To engage in fornication.

fornication /ˌfɔɹnɪˈkeɪʃən/ fornications n
fornication
(religion, law) Sexual intercourse by people who are not married to each other, or which is considered illicit in another way.

fornicator /fɔː(ɹ).nɪ.keɪ.tə(ɹ)/ fornicators n
fornicateur fornicatrice forniqueur
An unmarried person who engages in sexual intercourse, especially when considered to be of an illicit or illegal nature.

forsake /fɔɹˈseɪk/ /fɔːˈseɪk/ /fə-/ v
abandonner renoncer
(transitive) To abandon, to give up, to leave (permanently), to renounce (someone or something).

forsaken /fɔɹˈseɪkən/ more forsaken most forsaken adj
abandonné esseulé
Deserted; abandoned.

forsterite forsterites n
forstérite
(mineral) A white variety of olivine that is mostly magnesium silicate, Mg2SiO4.

forswear /fɔː(ɹ)ˈswɛə(ɹ)/ /fə(ɹ)ˈswɛə(ɹ)/ v
abjurer démentir nier
(transitive) To renounce or deny something, especially under oath.
parjurer
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To commit perjury; to break an oath.

fort /fo(ː)ɹt/ /foət/ /fɔɹt/ /fɔːt/ forts n
fort
A fortified defensive structure stationed with troops.

forthcoming /fɔɹθˈkʌmɪŋ/ /fɔːθˈkʌmɪŋ/ more forthcoming most forthcoming adj
prochain
(not comparable) Approaching or about to take place.

forthwith /-ˈwɪθ/ /fɔɹθˈwɪθ/ /fɔːθˈwɪð/ /ˈfɔɹθˌwɪθ/ adv
aussitôt de ce pas séance tenante
(chiefly, formal, literary) Without delay; immediately. [from early 14th c.]

forties n
années 40 années quarante
The decade of the 1840s, 1940s, etc.

fortieth /ˈfɔɹ.ti.əθ/ /ˈfɔː.ti.əθ/ adj
quarantième
The ordinal form of the number forty.

fortieth /ˈfɔɹ.ti.əθ/ /ˈfɔː.ti.əθ/ fortieths n
quarantième
The person or thing in the fortieth position.
One of forty equal parts of a whole.

fortification /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌfɔː(ɹ)tɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ fortifications n
fortification renforcement
The act of fortifying; the art or science of fortifying places to strengthen defence against an enemy.
That which fortifies; especially, a work or works erected to defend a place against attack; a fortified place; a fortress; a fort; a castle.

fortified wine fortified wines n
vin muté
A wine to which additional ethanol (an alcohol) has been added, the most common additive being brandy (a spirit distilled from wine).

fortify /ˈfɔɹtəˌfaɪ/ /ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/ [-ɾə-] v
fortifier
To increase the defences of (an army, soldiers, etc.), or put (it or them) in a defensive position.
renforcer
To give power, strength, or vigour to (oneself or someone, or to something); to strengthen.
supplémenter
To increase the nutritional value of (food) by adding ingredients, especially minerals or vitamins. [from mid 20th c.]

fortifying fortifyings n
fortifiant

fortissimo adv
fortissimo
(music) Indicating that the piece is played very loud.

fortitude /ˈfɔːtɪtjuːd/ fortitudes n
fortitude
Mental or emotional strength that enables courage in the face of adversity.

fortnight /ˈfɔɹt.naɪt/ /ˈfɔɹt.nɪt/ /ˈfɔːt.naɪt/ fortnights n
quinzaine deux semaines quinze jours
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, dated) A period of 2 weeks.

fortnightly adj
bimensuel
Occurring once in a fortnight; once every two weeks.

fortnightly adv
bimensuellement
once in a fortnight; once every two weeks

fortnightly fortnightlies n
bimensuel quinzomadaire
A publication issued fortnightly (once every two weeks).

fortochka /ˈfɔːtət͡ʃkə/ fortochkas n
vasistas
A small ventilation window, spanning the frame of one window pane, that opens on hinges independently of the whole window, common in Russia, other post-Soviet states and Finland.

fortress /ˈfoɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfoɹ.tɹɪs/ /ˈfɔ(ː)ɹ.tɹəs/ /ˈfɔː.tɹəs/ fortresses n
forteresse
A fortified place; a large and permanent fortification, sometimes including a town; for example a fort, a castle; a stronghold; a place of defense or security.

fortuitous /-.ə.-/ /-tjʉː.ɘ.tɘs/ /-ɾəs/ /foɹˈtu.ɪ.ɾɪs/ /foɹˈt͡ʃu.ɪ.ɾɪs/ /foːˈt͡ʃʉː.ɘ.tɘs/ /fɔːˈtjuː.ɪ.təs/ /fɔːˈt͡ʃuː.ɪ.təs/ /fɘˈt͡ʃʉː.ɘ.tɘs/ more fortuitous most fortuitous adj
fortuit fortuite
Happening by a lucky chance; lucky or fortunate.

fortuitously more fortuitously most fortuitously adv
fortuitement
In a fortuitous manner; in a manner of happening by chance; coincidentally; accidentally.
heureusement
(sometimes, proscribed) In a fortuitous manner; in a manner of happening by a lucky chance; luckily; fortunately.

fortuity fortuities n
hasard
(uncountable) The state of being fortuitous.
(countable) A fortuitous event; an accident.

fortunately /ˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪtli/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃənɪtli/ more fortunately most fortunately adv
heureusement
In a fortunate manner.
heureusement par bonheur par chance
It is (or was, etc) fortunate that.

fortune /-t͡ʃən/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn/ fortunes n
destin
Destiny, especially favorable.
bonne chance
Good luck.
fortune magot pactole
A large amount of money.

fortune cookie fortune cookies n
biscuit chinois biscuit porte-bonheur
A type of hollow snack, common in westernized Chinese cuisine: a crisp sugary wafer containing a message on a narrow strip of paper, generally with a wise or vaguely prophetic message or random numbers usable in a lottery printed on the paper.

fortune favors the bold proverb
la fortune sourit aux audacieux
Luck is usually on the side of those who take chances and risks.

fortune-teller /-t͡ʃən ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfoɹt͡ʃun ˈtɛlɚ/ /ˈfɔːt͡ʃuːn ˈtɛlə/ fortune-tellers n
diseur de bonne aventure diseuse de bonne aventure
A person who professes to predict the future in return for money.

fortune-telling n
bonne aventure
The act or practise of predicting the future (especially for money), as by using a crystal ball, reading palms, reading tea leaves in a cup, etc.; prediction of future events, especially those of a personal nature.

forty /fɔːtiː/ /ˈfɔɹti/ [ˈfɑɹɾij] [ˈfɔɹɾi] numeral
quarante
The cardinal number occurring after thirty-nine and before forty-one.

forty-eight numeral
quarante-huit
The cardinal number immediately following forty-seven and preceding forty-nine.

forty-first adj
quarante-premier
The ordinal form of the number forty-one, describing a person or thing in position number 41 of a sequence.

forty-five /ˌfɔɹtiˈfaɪv/ /ˌfɔːtiˈfaɪv/ numeral
quarante-cinq
Cardinal number after forty-four and before forty-six.

forty-four numeral
quarante-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following forty-three and preceding forty-five.

forty-nine numeral
quarante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following forty-eight and preceding fifty.

forty-ninth parallel n
49e parallèle

forty-one numeral
quarante-et-un
The cardinal number immediately following forty and preceding forty-two.

forty-seven numeral
quarante-sept
The cardinal number immediately following forty-six and preceding forty-eight.

forty-seventh adj
quarante-septième
The ordinal form of the number forty-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 47 of a sequence.

forty-seventh forty-sevenths n
quarante-septième
One of forty-seven equal parts of a whole.

forty-six numeral
quarante-six
The cardinal number immediately following forty-five and preceding forty-seven.

forty-three numeral
quarante-trois
The cardinal number immediately following forty-two and preceding forty-four.

forty-two numeral
quarante-deux
Forty plus two; the cardinal number following forty-one and preceding forty-three.

fortysomething fortysomethings n
quadragénaire
(countable, colloquial) A person between 40 and 49 years old.

forum /ˈfoːɹəm/ /ˈfɔɹəm/ /ˈfɔːɹəm/ fora forums n
forum
A place for discussion.
A gathering for the purpose of discussion; a symposium.
A form of discussion involving a panel of presenters and often participation by members of the audience.
(Internet) An Internet message board where users can post messages regarding one or more topics of discussion.

forum selection clause forum selection clauses n
accord d'élection de for clause attributive de compétence convention attributive de compétence convention attributive de juridiction
A contractual provision determining the territorial (or less often only international, or subject matter) jurisdiction for a legal dispute concerning a concrete legal relationship.

forumer forumers n
forumeur forumeuse

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ more forward most forward adj
avant
Situated toward or at the front of something.
cavalier osé
Without customary restraint or modesty; bold, cheeky, pert, presumptuous or pushy.

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ further forward furthest forward adv
en avant aller en avant avancer
(nautical) At, near, or towards the bow of a vessel (with the frame of reference within the vessel).
à partir d'[[aujourd'hui]] à partir de
Into the future.

forward /foːd/ /ˈfoʊwəɹd/ /ˈfoːwəd/ /ˈfɔɹwəɹd/ /ˈfɔɹəɹd/ /ˈfɔːwəd/ forwards n
attaquant attaquante
(soccer) A player on a team in football (soccer) in the row nearest to the opposing team's goal, who are therefore principally responsible for scoring goals.

forward compatibility n
compatibilité ascendante
(software) Capability of interoperating with anticipated future systems.

forward roll forward rolls n
roulade
(gymnastics) A movement in which one's body is rolled forward, by putting the head on the ground and swinging the legs over the head.

fossa /ˈfuː.sə/ /ˈfɑ.sə/ /ˈfɒ.sə/ /ˈfɔ.sə/ /ˈfʊ.sə/ fossas n
fossa
A large nocturnal reddish-brown catlike mammal (Cryptoprocta ferox) of the civet family, endemic to the rainforests of Madagascar. It is slender, long-tailed and has retractile claws and anal scent glands.

fossil /ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈfɒsl̩/ fossils n
fossile
The mineralized remains of an animal or plant.
(linguistics) A fossil word.
(figuratively) Anything extremely old, extinct, or outdated.

fossil fuel fossil fuels n
combustible fossile énergie fossile
Any fuel derived from hydrocarbon deposits such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and, to some extent, peat; these fuels are non-renewable, and their burning moves carbon from underground into the atmosphere via the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide.

fossiliferous more fossiliferous most fossiliferous adj
fossilifère
Containing fossils.

fossilization fossilizations n
fossilisation
The process of converting, or of being converted, into a fossil.
(figuratively, by extension) The process of becoming fixed, unchanging, and out of date.

fossilize /ˈfɒs.ɪl.aɪz/ /ˈfɒsl̩aɪz/ v
fossiliser
(transitive) to make into a fossil

fossilized adj
fossilisé
In a state of fossilization; preserved in rock

fossorial more fossorial most fossorial adj
fouisseur fouisseuse
(zoology) Of, pertaining to, or adapted for digging or burrowing.

fossorial fossorials n
fouisseur
(zoology) Any digging animal (such as a mole)

foster /ˈfɑstɚ/ /ˈfɒstə/ /ˈfɔstɚ/ adj
adoptif adoptant
Providing parental care to children not related to oneself.
adoptif
Receiving such care.
Related by such care.

foster /ˈfɑstɚ/ /ˈfɒstə/ /ˈfɔstɚ/ v
adopter élever
(transitive) To nurture or bring up offspring, or to provide similar parental care to an unrelated child.
cultiver
(transitive) To promote the development of something; to cultivate and grow a thing.

foster care n
accueil familial
A formal system by which a child is cared for, in a foster family, by people other than its own parents, but without being adopted.

foster child foster children n
enfant adoptif
A child in foster care.

foster family foster families n
famille d'accueil
A family having at least one foster child.

foster father foster fathers n
père adoptif
A male adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

foster mother foster mothers n
mère adoptive
A female adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

foster parent foster parents n
parent adoptif
An adult who cares for a child who has been placed in foster care.

fosterage fosterages n
fosterage
The condition of being the foster child.

fostering fosterings n
éduquer quelqu'un
raising someone to be an accepted member of the community.
encourager quelqu'un
encouragement; aiding the development of something

fougasse fougasses n
fougasse
An old-fashioned type of land mine, in the form of a foxhole filled with explosives or projectiles.

foul /faʊl/ fouler foulest adj
souillé
Covered with, or containing unclean matter; dirty.
indécent
(of words or a way of speaking) Obscene, vulgar or abusive.
répugnant
Disgusting, repulsive; causing disgust.

foul /faʊl/ fouls n
faute
(sports) A breach of the rules of a game, especially one involving inappropriate contact with an opposing player in order to gain an advantage; for example, tripping someone up in soccer, or contact of any kind in basketball.

foul language n
langage grossier
Profane or socially unacceptable words.

foul play n
coup tordu mauvais coup
Unfair, unethical, or criminal behavior, especially of a malicious or violent nature.
faute infraction
Any violation of rules.

foul wind foul winds n
vent défavorable
(nautical) A wind blowing against the direction of travel.

foul-mouthed more foul-mouthed most foul-mouthed adj
mal embouché
Tending to use obscene or offensive language.

found /faʊnd/ v
fonder
To start (an institution or organization).
To begin building.

found art n
art trouvé
Art consisting of found objects.

foundation /faʊnˈdeɪʃən/ [faʊ̯nˈdeɪ̯ʃn̩] foundations n
fondation
The act of founding, fixing, establishing, or beginning to erect.
A donation or legacy appropriated to support a charitable institution, and constituting a permanent fund; endowment.
That which is founded, or established by endowment; an endowed institution or charity.
fondement fondation
That upon which anything is founded; that on which anything stands, and by which it is supported; the lowest and supporting layer of a superstructure; underbuilding.
fondation fondations
(architecture) The lowest and supporting part or member of a wall, including the base course and footing courses; in a frame house, the whole substructure of masonry.
fond de teint
(cosmetics) Cosmetic cream roughly skin-colored, designed to make the face appear uniform in color and texture.

foundation stone foundation stones n
première pierre
A stone laid during the construction of a (usually important) building, the laying of which is usually marked by a ceremony.

founded /ˈfaʊndɪd/ more founded most founded adj
fondé
Having a basis.

founder /ˈfaʊn.də/ /ˈfaʊn.dɚ/ founders n
fondateur fondatrice
One who founds or establishes (a company, project, organisation, state, etc.).
fondeur
The iron worker in charge of the blast furnace and the smelting operation.

founder /ˈfaʊn.də/ /ˈfaʊn.dɚ/ v
échouer
(intransitive) To fail; to miscarry.
sombrer couler
(transitive, archaic, nautical) To cause to flood and sink, as a ship.

founder effect founder effects n
effet fondateur
(genetics, evolutionary theory) A reduction in genetic diversity resulting when a population is descended from a small number of colonising ancestors.

founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ adj
fondateur
Who or that founds (establishes or starts) or founded.

founding /ˈfaʊndɪŋ/ foundings n
fondation création
The establishment of something.

founding father founding fathers n
père fondateur
A man who founded something.

founding member founding members n
membre fondateur
(US) A member of an organization that was involved in, or whose membership commenced with, the organization's foundation.

founding mother /ˌfaʊndɪŋ ˈmʌðə/ /ˌfaʊndɪŋ ˈmʌðɚ/ founding mothers n
mère fondatrice
A woman who founded (established or started) something.

foundling foundlings n
enfant trouvé
An abandoned child, left by its parent(s), often a baby left at a convent or similar safe place.

foundling wheel foundling wheels n
tour d'abandon
a revolving crib set in the wall of a church or convent, allowing an abandoned baby to be left anonymously and safely.

foundry /ˈfaʊn.dɹi/ foundries n
fonderie
A facility that melts metals in special furnaces and pours the molten metal into molds to make products. Foundries are usually specified according to the type of metal dealt with: iron foundry, brass foundry, etc.

fount founts n
fontaine source
Something from which water flows.
origine source
(figuratively) That from which something flows or proceeds; a source.

fountain /ˈfaʊn.tn̩/ [ˈfaʊn.ʔn̩] fountains n
fontaine jet d'eau
An artificial, usually ornamental, water feature (usually in a garden or public place) consisting of one or more streams of water originating from a statue or other structure.
fontaine
The structure from which an artificial fountain can issue.

fountain of youth fountains of youth n
fontaine de jouvence
(idiomatic) Anything reputed to have the power to restore health and vitality or to restore a youthful appearance.

fountain pen fountain pens n
stylo-plume stylo à plume
A pen containing a reservoir of ink, which is fed to a writing nib automatically.

four /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /foʊ/ /foː/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ fours n
quatre
(countable) The digit or figure 4; an occurrence thereof.

four /fo(ː)ɹ/ /foə/ /foʊ/ /foː/ /fɔɹ/ /fɔː/ numeral
quatre
A numerical value equal to 4; the number after three and before five; two plus two. This many dots (••••)

four hundred /ˈfoʊɹ ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfɔː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈfɔː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ /ˈfɔːɹ ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
quatre cents
The cardinal number occurring after three hundred ninety-nine and before four hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 400.

four o'clock n
quatre heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the fifth hour of the day; 4:00 a.m. (04:00).

four of a kind n
carré
(card games) Four cards of the same rank.

four thousand numeral
quatre mille
4000

four-dimensional adj
à quatre dimensions
(physics) Relating to the four dimensions of space-time (three spatial dimensions with the addition of time as the fourth)

four-eyes four-eyes n
binoclard binoclarde bésiclard bésiclarde
(idiomatic, derogatory) A person who wears spectacles.

four-four time n
mesure à quatre-quatre
(music) A meter or rhythm with four beats to a measure and four beats to a whole note. Specifically simple quadruple time or common time.

four-leaf clover /ˈfɔɹˈliːfˈkloʊ.vɚ/ four-leaf clovers n
trèfle à quatre feuilles
An uncommon variation of the clover, having four leaves instead of the usual three.

four-poster four-posters n
lit à baldaquin
A four-poster bed, which has four high posts, one at each corner, supporting a canopy.

four-stroke engine four-stroke engines n
moteur à quatre temps cycle à quatre temps
An engine that works on the four-stroke principle.

four-vector four-vectors n
quadrivecteur
(mathematics) A vector in four-dimensional vector space, especially one having three spatial dimensions and one temporal dimension.

four-wheel drive four-wheel drives n
tout-terrain
(uncountable) the type of vehicle transmission system.

fourfold v
quadrupler

fourhorn sculpin fourhorn sculpins n
chaboisseau quadricorne chaboisseau à quatre cornes
A species of fish of the Cottidae family, Myoxocephalus quadricornis, found in Canada, Finland, Greenland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.

fourscore /ˈfɔɹskɔɹ/ /ˈfɔːskɔː/ numeral
huitante quatre-vingts
(now, _, archaic) Eighty.
(idiomatic) A full-length life, reckoned as eighty years.

foursome foursomes n
quadrille quatuor
A group of four, a quartet or a game (such as golf) played by four players, especially by two teams of two.

fourteen /ˈfɔɹ.tin/ /ˈfɔː.tiːn/ /ˌfɔɹtˈtin/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːn/ numeral
quatorze
The cardinal number occurring after thirteen and before fifteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIV and in Arabic numerals as 14.

fourteenth /ˌfɔɹˈtiːnθ/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ adj
quatorzième
The ordinal form of the number fourteen.

fourteenth /ˌfɔɹˈtiːnθ/ /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ fourteenths n
quatorzième
The person or thing in the fourteenth position.
One of fourteen equal parts of a whole.

fourth /fo(ː)ɹθ/ /foəθ/ /fɔɹθ/ /fɔːθ/ adj
quatrième quatre
The ordinal form of the number four.

fourth /fo(ː)ɹθ/ /foəθ/ /fɔɹθ/ /fɔːθ/ fourths n
quatrième
(singular) The person or thing in the fourth position.
quarte
(music) A musical interval which spans four degrees of the diatonic scale, for example C to F (C D E F).

fourth cousin fourth cousins n
cousin quatriéme cousine quatriéme
Any of a number of people who have a common great-great-great-grandparent.

fourth dimension n
quatrième dimension
(algebraic geometry) The fourth coordinate indicating a position along the fourth axis.

fourth estate n
quatrième pouvoir
(idiomatic) Journalism or journalists considered as a group; the press.

fourth grade fourth grades n
CM1

fourth official fourth officials n
juge
(soccer) The official who keeps things at the dugout in order, and displays substitutions and the amount of injury time

fourth person n
quatrième personne
(linguistics) grammatical person in some languages distinct from first, second, and third persons, semantically translated by one of them in English. For example, in Ojibwe, it is a variety of the third person used for a secondary, or obviative, third person.

fourth wall fourth walls n
quatrième mur
(by extension) The boundary between the fiction and the audience.

fourthly adv
quatrièmement
In the fourth place; fourth in a row.

foveal /ˈfəʊvɪəl/ adj
fovéal
Of or pertaining to the fovea.

fowl /faʊl/ fowl fowls n
volaille
Birds which are hunted or kept for food, including Galliformes and also waterfowl of the order Anseriformes such as ducks, geese and swans, together forming the clade Galloanserae.

fowler /ˈfaʊlə(ɹ)/ fowlers n
oiseleur
A hunter of wildfowl.

fox /fɑks/ /fɒks/ foxen foxes n
renard goupil renard commun renard roux
A red fox, small carnivore (Vulpes vulpes), related to dogs and wolves, with red or silver fur and a bushy tail.
renard
Any of numerous species of small wild canids resembling the red fox. In the taxonomy they form the tribe Vulpini within the family Canidae, consisting of nine genera (see the Wikipedia article on the fox).
The fur of a fox.
retors roublard renard
(slang, metaphor) A cunning person.
bombe
(slang, metaphor) A physically attractive man or woman.

fox /fɑks/ /fɒks/ v
troubler
(transitive) To confuse or baffle (someone).
ruser
(intransitive) To act slyly or craftily.
aigrir
(transitive) To make sour, as beer, by causing it to ferment.
piéger se jouer de troubler
(transitive) To intoxicate; to stupefy with drink.

fox cub fox cubs n
renardeau
A young fox.

fox moth fox moths n
Bombyx de la ronce anneau du diable polyphage
A moth found in Western Europe to Central Asia, taxonomic name Macrothylacia rubi.

fox terrier fox terriers n
fox-terrier
Either of two breeds of dog (the smooth fox terrier and the wire fox terrier) bred for fox hunting.

foxglove foxgloves n
digitale
Digitalis, a genus of about 20 species of herbaceous biennials native to the Old World, certain of which are prized for their showy flowers. The drug digitalis or digoxin was first isolated from the plant.

foxhole foxholes n
renardière
The burrow in the ground where a fox lives.
tranchée trou de tirailleur
(military) A small pit dug into the ground as a shelter for protection against enemy fire.

foxhunt foxhunts n
chasse au renard
A hunt for foxes, usually with dogs.

foxie foxies n
fox-terrier
(AU, NZ) A fox terrier.

foxtail foxtails n
queue de renard
A plant having a part resembling the tail of a fox or such spikelet.
vulpin
species of genus Alopecurus, foxtail grasses.

foxy /ˈfɑksi/ /ˈfɒksi/ foxier foxiest adj
roux
(of a, person, especially a woman) Having reddish-brown hair.
foxé
(of wine) Having an animal-like odour.

foyer /fɔɪˈeɪ/ /ˈfoɪ.ə/ /ˈfɔɪ.eɪ/ /ˈfɔɪ.ɝ/ foyers n
foyer
A lobby, corridor, or waiting room, used in a hotel, theater, etc.

frabjous /ˈfɹæbd͡ʒəs/ more frabjous most frabjous adj
frabieux
Fabulous, joyous; great, wonderful.

fracas /fɹəˈkɑː/ /ˈfɹækaː/ /ˈfɹækɑː/ /ˈfɹækəs/ fracas fracases n
bagarre
A noisy disorderly quarrel, fight, brawl, disturbance or scrap.

fractal /ˈfɹæk.təl/ adj
fractal
(mathematics) Having the form of a fractal.

fractal /ˈfɹæk.təl/ fractals n
fractale fractal
(mathematics) A mathematical set that has a non-integer and constant Hausdorff dimension; a geometric figure that is self-similar at all scales.

fraction /ˈfɹæk.ʃən/ fractions n
fraction
A part of a whole, especially a comparatively small part.
(arithmetic) A ratio of two numbers (numerator and denominator), usually written one above the other and separated by a horizontal bar called the vinculum or, alternatively, in sequence on the same line and separated by a solidus (diagonal bar).

fraction bar fraction bars n
barre de fraction
(typography, math) The line separating the numerator from the denominator, whether horizontal, oblique, or diagonal.

fractional /ˈfɹæk.ʃən.əl/ more fractional most fractional adj
fractionnaire fractionnel
Pertaining to a fraction.

fractional calculus fractional calculi n
analyse fractionnaire
(analysis, uncountable) The branch of mathematics that studies generalisations of calculus to allow noninteger (i.e., real or complex) powers of the differentiation operator D and the integration operator J; (countable) any one of said generalisations of calculus.

fractious /ˈfɹæk.ʃəs/ more fractious most fractious adj
hargneux
Irritable; argumentative; quarrelsome.

fractography fractographies n
fractographie

fracture /ˈfɹæk.tjə/ /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃə/ fractures n
fracture
An instance of breaking, a place where something has broken.

fracture /ˈfɹæk.tjə/ /ˈfɹæk.t͡ʃə/ v
fracturer
(ambitransitive) To break, or cause something to break.

frag /fɹæɡ/ frags n
frag kill
(video games, slang) A successful kill in a deathmatch game.

frag /fɹæɡ/ v
tuer
(transitive, military, and, video games, slang) To hit with the explosion of a fragmentation grenade.

fragile /ˈfɹædʒaɪl/ /ˈfɹæd͡ʒəl/ fragiler fragilest more fragile most fragile adj
fragile
Easily broken or destroyed, and thus often of subtle or intricate structure.

fragile X syndrome n
syndrome du X fragile
(medical genetics) A particular, genetic syndrome, caused by the excessive repetition of a particular trinucleotide.

fragilely /ˈfɹædʒ.aɪl.li/ /ˈfɹæd͡ʒ.ə.li/ /ˈfɹæd͡ʒ.əl.li/ more fragilely most fragilely adv
fragilement
In a fragile way or manner.

fragility /fɹəˈd͡ʒɪlɪti/ fragilities n
fragilité
The condition or quality of being fragile; brittleness; frangibility.

fragment /fɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ /ˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ fragments n
fragment
A part broken off; a small, detached portion; an imperfect part, either physically or not
(computing) An incomplete portion of code.

fragment /fɹæɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈfɹæɡmənt/ /ˈfɹæɡmɛnt/ v
fragmenter
(intransitive) To break apart.
(transitive) To cause to be broken into pieces.

fragmentation fragmentations n
fragmentation
The act of fragmenting or something fragmented; disintegration.
The process by which fragments of an exploding bomb scatter.
(computing) The breaking up and dispersal of a file into non-contiguous areas of a disk.
(computing) The breaking up of a data packet when larger than the transmission unit of a network.

fragmentation grenade fragmentation grenades n
grenade à fragmentation

fragrance /ˈfɹeɪɡɹəns/ fragrances n
parfum fragrance
A pleasant smell or odour.

fragrant /ˈfɹeɪ.ɡɹənt/ more fragrant most fragrant adj
odorant aromatique
Sweet-smelling; having a pleasant (usually strong) scent or fragrance.

frail /fɹeɪl/ frailer frailest adj
frêle
fragile
Liable to fall from virtue or be led into sin; not strong against temptation; weak in resolution; unchaste.

frailty /ˈfɹeɪ(ə)lti/ frailties n
fragilité
(uncountable) The condition quality of being frail, physically, mentally, or morally; weakness of resolution; liability to be deceived.

frame /fɹeɪm/ frames n
ossature
The structure of a person's body; the human body.
cadre
A rigid, generally rectangular mounting for paper, canvas or other flexible material.
image
A piece of photographic film containing an image.
(electronics, film, animation, video games) A division of time on a multimedia timeline, such as 1/30th or 1/60th of a second.
frame manche
(snooker) A complete game of snooker, from break-off until all the balls (or as many as necessary to win) have been potted.
trame cadre
(networking) An independent chunk of data sent over a network.
armature cadre ossature
(bowling) A set of balls whose results are added together for scoring purposes. Usually two balls, but only one ball in the case of a strike, and three balls in the case of a strike or a spare in the last frame of a game.

frame /fɹeɪm/ v
encadrer
(transitive) Of a picture such as a painting or photograph, to place inside a decorative border.
(transitive) To position visually within a fixed boundary.

frame of reference frames of reference n
référentiel repère
(physics) A set of axes which enable an observer to measure the position and motion of all bodies in some system relative to the reference frame.

frame per second frames per second n
image par seconde
(usually, in the plural) A measure of how many times an imaging or display device produces unique consecutive images (frames) in one second.

frame rate frame rates n
fréquence d’images
The measurement of how quickly an imaging device can produce unique consecutive images called frames, most often expressed in frames per second (often abbreviated "fps") or, equivalently, hertz (Hz).

frameset framesets n
jeu de cadres
(Internet) The set of frames that constitute the layout of a webpage.

framework /ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/ /ˈfɹeɪm.wɝk/ /ˈfɹæɪm.wɜːk/ frameworks n
cadre carcasse charpente
structure
(figuratively) A basic conceptual structure.

framework directive framework directives n
directive-cadre
(This entry is a translation hub.)

framily framilies n
famie
(slang) A group of friends who are close like a family.

franc /fɹæŋk/ francs n
franc
A former unit of currency of France, Belgium and Luxembourg, replaced by the euro.
Any of several units of currency, some of which are multi-national (West African CFA Franc (XOF), Central African CFA Franc (XAF), the Swiss franc (CHF)) while others are national currencies.

franchise /ˈfɹænt͡ʃaɪ̯z/ franchises n
droit de vote
The right to vote at a public election or referendum; see: suffrage.
concession
A right or privilege officially granted to a person, a group of people, or a company by a government.
franchise
The authorization granted by a company to sell or distribute its goods or services in a certain area.
(sports) The collection of organizations in the history of a sports team; the tradition of a sports team as an entity, extending beyond the contemporary organization.
The loose collection of fictional works pertaining to a particular fictional universe, including literary, film, or television series from various sources, generally when all authorized by a copyright holder or similar authority.

francium /ˈfɹansɪəm/ /ˈfɹænsi.əm/ /ˈfɹɑːnsɪəm/ franciums n
francium
The chemical element (symbol Fr) with an atomic number of 87. It is an intensely radioactive alkali metal that is not found in nature.

francolin /ˈfɹæŋkəlɪn/ francolins n
francolin
Any of various terrestrial partridges of several genera in family Phasianidae, principally in tribe Gallini.

frangible /ˈfɹæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l/ /ˈfɹænd͡ʒəbəl/ more frangible most frangible adj
frangible
Able to be broken; breakable, fragile. [from early 15th c.]

frangipani /ˌfrænd͡ʒɪˈpænɪ/ /ˌfrænd͡ʒɪˈpɑːnɪ/ frangipani frangipanis n
frangipanier
Any of several tropical American shrubs and trees of the genus Plumeria, having fragrant, showy, funnel-shaped flowers of a wide range of colours from creamy to red.

frank /fɹeɪŋk/ /fɹæŋk/ franker frankest adj
franc
honest, especially in a manner that seems slightly blunt; candid; not reserved or disguised.

frankincense /ˈfɹæŋkənˌsɛns/ frankincenses n
encens
A type of incense obtained from the Boswellia thurifera tree.

frankly /ˈfɹæŋkli/ franklier frankliest more frankly most frankly adv
franchement
In a frank or candid manner, especially in a way that may seem too open, excessively honest, or slightly blunt.

frankness /ˈfɹæŋknɛs/ franknesses n
franchise
The state of being frank; candour; honesty.

frantic /ˈfɹæntɪk/ more frantic most frantic adj
frénétique paniqué éperdu
In a state of panic, worry, frenzy, or rush.

frantically /ˈfɹæn.tɪk.li/ more frantically most frantically adv
frénétiquement éperdument
In a frantic way.

frappuccino frappuccini frappuccinos n
frappuccino

frass /fɹæs/ frasses n
vermoulure
The sawdust-like byproduct of wood-boring insects like woodworm, termites, old-house borers or powderpost beetles.

fraternal /fɹəˈtɝnəl/ more fraternal most fraternal adj
fraternel
Of or pertaining to a brother or brothers.

fraternally more fraternally most fraternally adv
fraternellement
In a fraternal manner.

fraternity /fɹəˈtɜː(ɹ)nəti/ fraternities n
fraternité
A group of people associated for a common purpose.

fraternization fraternizations n
fraternisation
The act of fraternizing or uniting as brothers.

fraternize /ˈfɹætənɑɪz/ /ˈfɹætɚnɑɪz/ v
fraterniser
(intransitive) To associate with others in a brotherly or friendly manner.
(intransitive) To associate as friends with an enemy, in violation of duty.

fratricidal more fratricidal most fratricidal adj
fratricide
Of or pertaining to fratricide

fratricide fratricides n
fratricide
The killing of one's brother (or sister).
A person who commits fratricide.

fraud /fɹɑd/ /fɹɔd/ /fɹɔːd/ frauds n
fraude
Any act of deception carried out for the purpose of unfair, undeserved or unlawful gain.
fraudeur imposteur charlatan
A person who performs any such trick.

fraudster /ˈfɹɑdstɚ/ /ˈfɹɔdstɚ/ /ˈfɹɔːdstə/ fraudsters n
fraudeur
a person who practices fraud; a swindler.

fraudulence /ˈfɹɔ.d͡ʒə.ləns/ /ˈfɹɔː.djʊ.l(ə)ns/ fraudulences n
fraude
The condition of being fraudulent; deceitfulness.

fraudulent /ˈfɹɑ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɑd͡ʒ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔ.d͡ʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.djʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒə.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔː.dʒʊ.lənt/ /ˈfɹɔːdʒ.lənt/ more fraudulent most fraudulent adj
frauduleux
Dishonest; based on fraud or deception.
False, phony.

fraught /fɹɑt/ /fɹɔt/ /fɹɔːt/ fraughter fraughtest more fraught most fraught adj
chargé
(nautical) Of a boat, ship, or other vessel: laden with cargo.
plein chargé rempli
Followed by with: carrying, or charged or loaded up with (usually something negative); accompanied by; entailing.
tendu stressant
(specifically) Carrying or loaded with anxiety, fear, or stress, for example, due to complexity or difficulty; distressed; also, causing distress; distressing.

fray /fɹeɪ/ frays n
bagarre combat
(countable) A noisy commotion, especially resulting from fighting; a brawl, a fight; also, a loud quarrel.

fray /fɹeɪ/ v
effilocher
(also, figuratively) To rub or wear away (something); to cause (something made of strands twisted or woven together, such as cloth or rope) to unravel through friction; also, to irritate (something) through chafing or rubbing; to chafe.
user
(specifically) Of a deer: to rub (its antlers or head) against a tree, etc., to remove the velvet from antlers or to mark territory; also, to rub its antlers against (a tree, etc.) for that purpose.
(figuratively) Of a person's mental strength, nerves, temper, etc.: to become exhausted or worn out.

frazil /-zɪl/ /ˈfreɪzəl/ /ˈfræzəl/ frazils n
frazil
(North America) A collection of stray ice crystals that form in fast-moving water.

freak /fɹiːk/ freaks n
anormal monstre original phénomène
(derogatory) A person who is extremely abnormal in appearance, social behavior, sexual orientation, gender identity, and/or business practices; an oddball, a unique person, originally in a displeasing or alienating way.
déforme
(bodybuilding) A person whose physique has grown far beyond the normal limits of muscular development; often a bodybuilder weighing more than 260 pounds (117.934 kilos).
mordu fana fanatique fou
An enthusiast, or person who has an obsession with, or extreme knowledge of, something.
caprice
(dated) A sudden change of mind

freak out v
flipper paniquer s'affoler disjoncter
(informal, intransitive) To react with extreme anger or fear, to the extent that one loses one's composure or behaves irrationally.
faire flipper faire paniquer
(informal, transitive) To scare or unnerve someone.

freak show freak shows n
freak show
(slang, derogatory) A freakish person, or a group thereof.

freckle /ˈfɹɛkəl/ freckles n
tache de rousseur
A small brownish or reddish pigmentation spot on the surface of the skin.

freckled duck /ˌfɹɛkəld ˈdʌk/ freckled ducks n
stictonette tachetée
A moderately large, broad-bodied duck, Stictonetta naevosa, native to southern Australia.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] free-er free-est freer freest freeër freeëst adj
libre gratuit
Not imprisoned or enslaved.
(software) With no or only freedom-preserving limitations on distribution or modification.
(abstract) Unconstrained.
Unobstructed, without blockages.
libre sans
Without obligations.
libre
(mathematics) Unconstrained by relators.
(mathematics, logic) Unconstrained by quantifiers.
libre disponible
Not currently in use; not taken; unoccupied.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] more free most free adv
gratis gratuitement gratos
Without needing to pay.

free /fɹiː/ [fɹɪi̯] v
libérer affranchir dégager
(transitive) To make free; set at liberty; release.

free as a bird adj
libre comme l'air
(simile) Having no ties; completely free.

free climbing n
escalade libre
(climbing) Rock climbing without the aid of ropes or other equipment, sometimes in an urban environment

free electron free electrons n
électron libre
(physics, chemistry) An electron not attached to an atom.

free enterprise n
libre entreprise
An economic system of business governed by the laws of supply and demand with minimal government interference, regulation, or subsidy.

free indirect speech n
discours indirect libre
(linguistics, grammar, semantics) A style of indirect speech which imitates direct speech, and converted to third person.

free kick free kicks n
coup franc
(American football, association football, Australian rules football, rugby, other ballgames) a kick in which a player may kick the ball without interference from the opposition. Such a kick may be awarded for a foul by the opposition, or earned by a player such as by taking a mark.

free market /ˈfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌfɹi ˈmɑɹkət/ free markets n
libre marché
(economics) Any market in which trade is unregulated by government; an economic system free from government intervention.

free morpheme free morphemes n
morphème libre
(linguistic morphology) A morpheme that can carry meaning on its own, and does not require a prefix, suffix, or infix to give it meaning.

free of charge adj
gratuit gratis
Not requiring any payment.

free period free periods n
heure de libre fourche trou
A school period in which a student has free time, i.e., is not enrolled in a class.

free port free ports n
port franc
A port or other area with relaxed jurisdiction of customs, tax rule or related national regulations.

free radical free radicals n
radical libre
(chemistry, physics) A molecule, ion or atom that has one or more unpaired electrons, and which is generally highly reactive (and therefore often occurs only as a transient species).

free rein n
carte blanche champ libre
(figurative) The absence of constraints; freedom to make decisions.

free rider free riders n
passager clandestin
(economics) One who obtains benefit from a public good without paying for it directly.

free runner free runners n
traceur traceuse yamakasi
A person who participates in free running.

free running n
parkour
The activity of combining parkour with gymnastics to pass obstacles and demonstrate athletic talent, most often in urban environments.

free software n
logiciel libre
(software) Software that can be freely copied, redistributed and modified, including source code; software that is libre.

free speech /fɹiː ˈspiːtʃ/ n
liberté d'expression
The right to express an opinion in public without being restrained or censored.

free spirit free spirits n
électron libre
One who is a nonconformist or who does not recognize the authority of others.

free state free states n
état libre
A political entity whose political status is less than that of a fully sovereign nation-state, as with the former Congo Free State and the former Irish Free State.

free time n
temps libre loisir
Time when one is not working.

free trade /ˈfɹi ˈtreɪd/ /ˌfɹi ˈtreɪd/ n
libre-échange
International trade without government interference, especially from tariffs or duties on imports.

free trade area free trade areas n
zone de libre-échange
An international region in which obstacles to unrestricted trade have been reduced to a minimum.

free trader free traders n
libre-échangiste

free variable free variables n
variable libre
(programming) A variable that is not bound to a storage location.

free verse n
vers libre
(uncountable) A poetic form divided into lines of no particular length or meter, without a rhyme scheme.

free will n
libre arbitre
(philosophy) The ability to choose one's actions, or determine what reasons are acceptable motivation for actions, without predestination, fate etc.

free world n
monde libre
(politics) collectively, all the countries that have democratic or capitalistic governments, as opposed to dictatorships or communist states

free zone free zones n
zone franche
An area within a port where goods may be temporarily stored without paying duty

free-diver free-divers n
apnéiste

free-diving n
apnée
Any of various aquatic disciplines in which divers attempt to stay underwater without breathing apparatus for as long as possible.

free-for-all /ˈfɹiːfəɹɔːl/ /ˈfɹiːfɚɔːl/ free-for-alls n
chacun pour soi foire d'empoigne pagaille
Chaos; a chaotic situation lacking rules or control.

freebie /ˈfɹiːbi/ freebies n
bonus
(informal) Something which is free; a giveaway or handout.

freedman freedmen n
affranchi
A man who has been released from a condition of slavery.

freedom /ˈfɹidəm/ /ˈfɹiːdəm/ freedoms n
liberté
(uncountable) The state of being free, of not being imprisoned or enslaved.
(countable) The lack of a specific constraint, or of constraints in general; a state of being free, unconstrained.

freedom fighter freedom fighters n
combattant de la liberté combattant pour la liberté combattante de la liberté
A person involved in armed conflict against an occupation, or oppressive government, etc.; a revolutionary, an insurgent, a rebel or insurrectionist.

freedom of assembly /ˈfɹiːdəm əv əˈsɛmbli/ n
liberté de réunion
The right of citizens to freely congregate or assemble anywhere should they wish to.

freedom of association n
liberté d'association
The right of citizens to come together with other individuals and collectively express, promote, pursue and defend common interests.

freedom of conscience n
liberté de conscience

freedom of contract /fɹiː.dəm.əv.kɒn.tɹækt/ n
liberté contractuelle
The right of individuals to bargain freely among themselves the terms of their own contracts, without government interference.

freedom of establishment n
liberté d'établissement

freedom of expression n
liberté d'expression
(legal) The right to express an opinion in public without being restrained or censored.

freedom of movement /fɹiː.dəm.əv.muːv.mənt/ n
liberté de circulation liberté de mouvement libre circulation
The right of a citizen to travel within a state, and to leave and return to that state.

freedom of panorama n
liberté de panorama
(copyright) A provision in copyright law that permits taking photographs or video footage, or creating other images (such as paintings), of buildings and sometimes artworks that are permanently located in a public place, and publishing such images without infringing copyright.

freedom of religion /ˈfɹiː.dəm əv ɹɪˈlɪ.dʒən/ n
liberté de culte liberté de religion
The right of people to hold any religious beliefs, or none, and to carry out any practices in accordance with those beliefs or with that absence of belief, so long as these practices do not interfere with other people's legal or civil rights, or any reasonable laws, without fear of harm or prosecution.

freedom of the press /ˈfɹiː.dəm əv ðə ˈpɹɛs/ n
liberté de la presse
The right of citizens or the media to print, or otherwise disseminate, speech, ideas and opinions without fear or harm of prosecution.

freedom of thought n
liberté de pensée

freedom to roam n
droit d'accès à la nature
The general public's right to access public or privately owned land for their own recreation or exercise.

freedwoman freedwomen n
affranchie
A woman who has been released from a condition of slavery.

freefall /ˈfɹiːˌfɔːl/ n
chute libre
(physics) The state of being in a motion affected by no acceleration (force) other than that provided by gravity.
(common usage) The state of falling with no interference from outside forces other than the air resistance (no open parachute, etc.)

freelance /ˈfɹiˌlæns/ /ˈfɹiːlɑːns/ more freelance most freelance adj
indépendant à la pige
Of, or relating to a freelance; without employment contract.

freelance /ˈfɹiˌlæns/ /ˈfɹiːlɑːns/ freelances n
pigiste freelance
Someone who sells their services to clients without a long-term employment contract.
mercenaire
(historical) A medieval mercenary.

freelancer /ˈfɹiːlænsə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɹiːlɑːnsə(ɹ)/ freelancers n
travailleur indépendant
one who freelances

freeloader /ˈfɹiloʊdɚ/ /ˈfɹiːləʊdə(ɹ)/ freeloaders n
resquilleur resquilleuse
(colloquial) One who does not contribute or pay appropriately; one who gets a free ride, etc. without paying a fair share.

freely /ˈfɹili/ /ˈfɹiːli/ freelier freeliest more freely most freely adv
librement
In a free manner.

freemasonry freemasonries n
franc-maçonnerie
(figuratively) Fellowship and sympathy among a number of people.

freemium freemiums n
freemium

freesia /ˈfɹi.ʒə/ freesias n
freesia
Any flowering plant of the genus Freesia, native to South Africa.

freestyle /ˈfɹiːˌstaɪl/ freestyles n
nage libre
(swimming, by extension) The swimming stroke commonly referred to as the front crawl or the Australian crawl.
(swimming) A swimming event in which the contestants may choose any stroke.
freestyle
(music) A form of rapping in which the emcee makes up lyrics while performing.

freestyle wrestling n
lutte libre

freethinker freethinkers n
libre-penseur libre-penseuse
A person who has formed his or her opinions using reason and rational enquiry; somebody who has rejected dogma, especially with regard to religion.

freethinking freethinkings n
libre-pensée
The principles of a freethinker; free thought

freeware n
gratuiciel
(software) Complete and functional software that does not require payment or other compensation (such as viewing advertising) for its use. Freeware may be a proprietary license with no access to the source code.

freewheel freewheels n
roue libre
a device in a transmission that disengages the driveshaft from the driven shaft when the driven shaft rotates faster than the driveshaft.

freewheelingly more freewheelingly most freewheelingly adv
en roue libre
In a freewheeling manner; without constraint.

freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ freezes n
grands froids
A period of intensely cold weather.
gel
A halt of a regular operation.
(business, finance) A block on pay rises or on the hiring of new employees etc.
gel plantage
(computer) The state when either a single computer program, or the whole system ceases to respond to inputs.

freeze /ˈfɹiːz/ v
geler glacer congeler
(intransitive, copulative) Especially of a liquid, to become solid due to low temperature.
congeler geler
(transitive) To lower something's temperature to the point that it freezes or becomes hard.
geler congeler
(intransitive) To drop to a temperature below zero degrees celsius, where water turns to ice.
(transitive) To cause someone to become motionless.
geler
(intransitive, informal) To be affected by extreme cold.
(transitive) To prevent the movement or liquidation of a person's financial assets
figer
(intransitive) (of machines and software) To come to a sudden halt, stop working (functioning).
congeler figer se refroidir
(figuratively) To lose or cause to lose warmth of feeling; to shut out; to ostracize.
refroidir
To cause loss of animation or life in, from lack of heat; to give the sensation of cold to; to chill.

freeze up v
se figer
(ambitransitive) (of machines and software) To come or bring to a sudden halt, stop working (functioning).

freeze-dry v
cryodessécher lyophiliser
(transitive) To remove volatile liquid from (a substance) by sublimation, normally under vacuum, from the frozen state.

freeze-up freeze-ups n
gel
(seasons, time) The start of the time when surface waters are frozen over.

freezer /fɹiːzə/ freezers n
congélateur congélo
An appliance or room used to store food or other perishable items at temperatures below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit).
congélateur
The section of a refrigerator used to store food or other perishable items at a temperature below 0° Celsius (32° Fahrenheit).

freezer burn freezer burns n
brûlure de congélation
Desiccation caused by being kept in a freezer too long.

freezing /ˈfɹiːz.ɪŋ/ more freezing most freezing adj
polaire
(by extension, chiefly, hyperbole) Very cold

freezing /ˈfɹiːz.ɪŋ/ freezings n
congélation
solidification
(uncountable) The change in state of a substance from liquid to solid by cooling to a critically low temperature.
anesthésie
(countable, medicine) The action of numbing with anesthetics.

freezing cold n
froid de canard froid de gueux
(idiomatic) extreme and unpleasant cold

freezing point freezing points n
point de congélation
(physics, chemistry) The temperature at which a liquid freezes, and the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium; normally the same as the melting point.

freezing rain n
pluie verglaçante
Rain which freezes upon contact.

freight /fɹeɪt/ freights n
fret
(uncountable) The transportation of goods (originally by water; now also (chiefly, US) by land); also, the hiring of a vehicle or vessel for such transportation.
(countable) Payment for transportation.
fret cargaison chargement
(uncountable) Goods or items in transport; cargo, luggage.

french /fɹɛnt͡ʃ/ [fɹ̠ɛn̠t͡ʃ] v
allumette bâtonnet couper découper julienne émincer
(transitive) To prepare food by cutting it into strips.
manchonner
(cuisine) To French trim; to stylishly expose bone by removing the fat and meat covering it (as done to a rack of lamb or bone-in rib-eye steak).

french fries n
frites pommes frites pommes allumettes
(chiefly, North America) Strips of deep-fried potatoes that have been frenched (cut into strips). [from 1903]

frenchify /ˈfɹɛnt͡ʃɪfaɪ/ v
faire français franciser

frenectomy frenectomies n
frénectomie

frenemy /ˈfɹɛ.nɪ.mi/ frenemies n
ennami
(sometimes humorous) Someone who has traits of an enemy and a friend.
ennami meilleur ennemi
(sometimes humorous) A fair-weather friend who is also a rival.

frenetic /fɹəˈnɛt.ɪk/ /ˈfɹɛ.nɪt.ɪk/ more frenetic most frenetic adj
frénétique
Fast, harried; having extreme enthusiasm or energy.

frenulum /ˈfriː.njʊl.əm/ /ˈfrɛn.jəl.əm/ frenula frenulums n
filet frein
(anatomy) A small fold or ridge of tissue that supports or restrains the motion of the part to which it is attached, in particular a fold of skin beneath the tongue, or between the lip and the gum.

frenzy /ˈfɹɛnzi/ frenzies n
frénésie
A state of wild activity or panic.

freon /ˈfɹiːɒn/ freons n
fréon
(organic compound) Any of several non-flammable refrigerants based on halogenated hydrocarbon including R-12, R-22, and R-23.
(refrigeration, slang) A gaseous ozone-depleting refrigerant

frequency /ˈfɹiːkwənsi/ frequencies n
fréquence
(uncountable, or, countable) The rate of occurrence of anything; the relationship between incidence and time period.
(uncountable) The property of occurring often rather than infrequently.
(countable) The quotient of the number of times n a periodic phenomenon occurs over the time t in which it occurs: f = n / t.

frequency list frequency lists n
liste de fréquence

frequency modulation frequency modulations n
modulation de fréquence
(sound, radio) the use of a modulating wave to vary the instantaneous frequency of a carrier wave

frequent /ˈfɹiː.kwənt/ frequenter frequentest more frequent most frequent adj
fréquent fréquente
Done or occurring often; common.

frequent /fɹɪˈkwɛnt/ v
fréquenter hanter
(transitive) To visit often.

frequentative /fɹɪˈkwɛntətɪv/ adj
fréquentatif
(grammar) Serving to express repetition of an action.

frequentative /fɹɪˈkwɛntətɪv/ frequentatives n
fréquentatif
(grammar) Any of a subclass of imperfective verbs that denote a repeated action, no longer productive in English, but found in e.g. Finnish, Latin, Russian, and Turkish.

frequentative aspect n
fréquentatif
(grammar) A subclass of imperfective verbs that denotes a continuously repeated action. An example in English would be the frequentative verb "to crackle," as opposed to the nonfrequentative "to crack."

frequentist frequentists n
fréquenciste fréquentiste
(mathematics) An advocate of frequentism.

frequently /ˈfɹiː.kwənt.li/ more frequently most frequently adv
fréquemment
At frequent intervals.

frequently asked questions n
foire aux questions
An online document containing a list of the questions most often asked about a particular subject, together with answers.

fresco /ˈfɹɛskoʊ/ /ˈfɹɛskəʊ/ freschi frescoes frescos n
fresque
(countable, painting) An artwork made by applying water-based pigment to wet or fresh lime mortar or plaster.
(uncountable, painting) The technique used to make such an artwork.

fresh /fɹɛʃ/ fresher freshest adj
nouveau frais
Newly produced or obtained; recent.
Rested; not tired or fatigued.
In a raw or untried state; uncultured; unpracticed.
frais
Rude, cheeky, or inappropriate; presumptuous; disrespectful; forward.
frais nouveau
(of food) Not dried, frozen, or spoiled.
frais rafraichissant
Invigoratingly cool and refreshing.
doux
(of water) Without salt; not saline.

fresh air n
air frais
The natural, clean air from outside, as opposed to the relatively stuffy air inside.

fresh as a daisy adj
frais et dispos

fresh start /fɹɛʃ ˈstɑɹt/ /fɹɛʃ ˈstɑːt/ fresh starts n
nouveau départ
(idiomatic) A new beginning, without prejudices.

fresh water fresh waters n
eau douce
Water with a very low content of dissolved salt, as opposed to brackish water or salt water.

freshers' week freshers' weeks n
semaine d'intégration
(British) The week before the academic aspects of a university start, when students may socialize and undergo induction.

freshly /ˈfɹɛʃli/ more freshly most freshly adv
fraîchement
Recently, newly.
froidement
(uncommon) In a rude or impertinent manner.

freshman /ˈfɹɛʃmən/ freshmen n
bizut bizuth bleu bleue
(US, Canada, Philippines) A person (of either sex) entering the first year of an institution, especially a high school (ninth grade for US and Canada, grade 7 for Philippines), a university, or legislative body.

freshness /ˈfɹɛʃnəs/ freshnesses n
fraîcheur
The state or quality of being fresh.

freshwater adj
dulcicole dulçaquicole
Living in fresh water.
marin d'eau douce
(nautical) Unskilled as a seaman.

fret /fɹɛt/ frets n
frette touchette
(music) One of the pieces of metal, plastic or wood across the neck of a guitar or other string instrument that marks where a finger should be positioned to depress a string as it is played.

fret /fɹɛt/ v
s'inquiéter se tracasser
(transitive) To make rough, to agitate or disturb; to cause to ripple.
(intransitive) To be worn away; to chafe; to fray.
(intransitive) To be agitated; to rankle; to be in violent commotion.
ajourer
(transitive) To cut through with a fretsaw, to create fretwork.
consumer dévorer manger ronger
(ambitransitive) To gnaw; to consume, to eat away.
inquiéter ronger s'inquiéter se tracasser tracasser
(ambitransitive) To be chafed or irritated; to be angry or vexed; to utter peevish expressions through irritation or worry.

fretful /ˈfɹɛtfəl/ more fretful most fretful adj
irritable
Irritable, bad-tempered, grumpy or peevish.
agité fébrile
Unable to relax; fidgety or restless.

fretsaw fretsaws n
scie à chantourner
A saw consisting of a metal frame having a fine-toothed narrow blade held under tension, used in making curved cuts.

fretty adj
fretté
(heraldry) Covered with a lattice-like pattern of diagonally interlaced bendlets and bendlets sinister.

friability friabilities n
friabilité
The quality of being friable, or easily broken, crumbled, or reduced to powder; friableness.

friable /ˈfɹaɪəbl̩/ more friable most friable adj
désagrégable
friable cassant
Easily broken into small fragments, crumbled, or reduced to powder.
friable lâche
(of soil) Loose and large-grained in consistency.

friar /ˈfɹaɪə/ /ˈfɹaɪɚ/ friars n
frère
A member of a mendicant Christian order such as the Augustinians, Carmelites (white friars), Franciscans (grey friars) or the Dominicans (black friars).

friar's cowl friar's cowls n
gouet gouet à capuchon
A plant of species Arisarum vulgare, common arisarum, native principally to the Mediterranean.

fricassee /fɹɪ.kəˈsiː/ /ˈfɹɪ.kəˌseɪ/ /ˈfɹɪ.kəˌsi/ fricassees n
fricassée
Meat or poultry cut into small pieces, stewed or fried and served in its own gravy.

fricative /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ more fricative most fricative adj
fricatif
(phonetics) produced by air flowing through a restriction in the oral cavity.

fricative /ˈfɹɪkətɪv/ fricatives n
fricative
(phonetics) Any of several sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant.

fricking /ˈfɹɪkɪŋ/ adj
foutu
(euphemistic) Freaking; fucking.

friction /ˈfɹɪkʃən̩/ frictions n
friction frottement
The rubbing of one object or surface against another.
frottement friction
(physics) A force that resists the relative motion or tendency to such motion of two bodies in contact.
désaccord frottement
(figuratively) Conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests; clash.
(China, historical) (Second Sino-Japanese War) Conflict, as between the Communists and non-Hanjian Kuomintang forces.

fridge /fɹɪd͡ʒ/ fridges n
frigo
(informal) A refrigerator. [from 1920s]

fridge magnet fridge magnets n
aimantin
A decoration attached to a magnet, displayed on the outside of refrigerator doors, sometimes used to attach a written reminder.

fried /fɹaɪd/ more fried most fried adj
frit
Cooked by frying.
grillé
(colloquial, of electronic equipment) Broken as a result of excessive heat or an electrical surge.

fried chicken n
poulet frit
The meat of chicken, cut into pieces and usually with the bone in, coated in batter and deep-fried.

fried egg fried eggs n
œuf au plat œuf sur le plat œuf miroir
An egg that has been shallow-fried on one or both sides, without being beaten or stirred.

fried rice fried rices n
riz cantonais
Any of very many forms of rice that are first cooked by boiling and then stir-fried with other ingredients

friend /frɪnd/ /fɹɛnd/ [fɹ̥ɛnd̥] friends n
ami copain amie copine
A person, typically someone other than a family member, spouse or lover, whose company one enjoys and towards whom one feels affection.
copain copine petit ami petite amie
(euphemistic) A lover; a boyfriend or girlfriend.

friend /frɪnd/ /fɹɛnd/ [fɹ̥ɛnd̥] v
se lier d'amitié
(transitive, obsolete) To act as a friend to, to befriend; to be friendly to, to help.

friend request friend requests n
demande d'ami demande d'amis demande en ami demande en amis
request for friendship (on social media)

friend with benefits friends with benefits n
ami avec bénéfices amie avec bénéfices sex friend
(idiomatic, slang, non-vulgar) A friend with whom one has a casual sexual relationship.

friend zone /ˈfɹɛnd zoʊn/ /ˈfɹɛnd zəʊn/ friend zones n
friendzone
(slang) The situation in which one is viewed by a potential partner as a platonic friend, which complicates the initiation of a romantic relationship.

friend zone /ˈfɹɛnd zoʊn/ /ˈfɹɛnd zəʊn/ v
friendzoner
(slang, transitive) To classify as a friend, without any possibility of a romantic relationship.

friendliness /ˈfɹɛndlinəs/ friendlinesses n
gentillesse cordialité
The quality of being friendly.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly adj
amical gentil aimable amicale gentille
Generally warm, approachable and easy to relate with in character.
Inviting, characteristic of friendliness.
allié alliée
(usually, military) Of or pertaining to friendlies (friendly noun sense 2, below). Also applied to other bipolar confrontations, such as team sports.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ more friendly most friendly adv
amicalement aimablement gentiment
In a friendly manner; like a friend.

friendly /ˈfɹɛn.li/ /ˈfɹɛnd.li/ friendlies n
ami
A person or entity on the same side as one's own in a conflict.

friendly fire /ˌfɹɛnd.liˈfaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ n
tir ami feu ami tir fratricide
Weapons fire from allied or friendly forces, as opposed to fire coming from enemy forces or enemy fire.

friendship /ˈfɹɛn(d)ʃɪp/ friendships n
amitié
(uncountable) The condition of being friends.
(countable) A friendly relationship, or a relationship as friends.

friendship centre friendship centres n
centre d'amitié centre d'amitié autochtone

frieze /ˈfɹiːz/ friezes n
frise bure
A kind of coarse woollen cloth or stuff with a shaggy or tufted (friezed) nap on one side.
frise
(architecture) That part of the entablature of an order which is between the architrave and cornice. It is a flat member or face, either uniform or broken by triglyphs, and often enriched with figures and other ornaments of sculpture.
Any sculptured or richly ornamented band in a building or, by extension, in rich pieces of furniture.

frigate /ˈfɹɪɡ.ət/ frigates n
frégate
(historical) A warship combining sail and steam propulsion, typically of ironclad timber construction, supplementing and superseding sailing ships of the line at the beginning of the development of the ironclad battleship. [mid 19th–late 19th c.]

frigatebird /ˈfɹɪ.ɡətˌbɝd/ frigatebirds n
frégate
Any of five species of bird in the genus Fregata, the only genus in the family Fregatidae.

fright /fɹaɪt/ /fɹʌit/ frights n
effroi épouvante
A state of terror excited by the sudden appearance of danger; sudden and violent fear, usually of short duration; a sudden alarm.

frighten /ˈfɹaɪ.tən/ [ˈfɹ̥aɪtn̩] [ˈfɹ̥aɪʔn̩] v
effrayer redouter terrifier
(transitive) To cause to feel fear; to scare; to cause to feel alarm or fright.

frightened /ˈfɹaɪtn̩d/ /ˈfɹaɪʔn̩d/ more frightened most frightened adj
effrayé apeuré
Afraid; suffering from fear.

frightening /ˈfɹaɪtnɪŋ/ /ˈfɹaɪtənɪŋ/ more frightening most frightening adj
effrayant
Causing fear; of capable of causing fear; scary.

frightful /ˈfɹaɪtfəl/ more frightful most frightful adj
effrayant
(obsolete) Full of fright, whether
Full of something causing fright, whether

frigid /ˈfɹɪd͡ʒɪd/ frigider frigidest more frigid most frigid adj
frigide
Very cold; lacking warmth; icy.

frill /fɹɪl/ frills n
froufrou ruche volant
A strip of pleated fabric or paper used as decoration or trim.

frilled shark frilled sharks n
requin frangé requin-lézard
Any member of two extant species of shark in genus Chlamydoselachus or their extinct close relatives,

frilly /ˈfɹɪli/ frillier frilliest adj
crêpé frisé
Having frills; frilled.

fringe /fɹɪnd͡ʒ/ fringer fringest more fringe most fringe adj
marginal
Outside the mainstream.

fringe /fɹɪnd͡ʒ/ fringes n
frange
A decorative border.
périphérie
A marginal or peripheral part.
The periphery of a town or city (or other area).
radicaux
Those members of a political party, or any social group, holding unorthodox views.
frange (d'interférence) frange
(physics) A light or dark band formed by the diffraction of light.
alternatif avant-garde théâtre
Non-mainstream theatre.

fringe /fɹɪnd͡ʒ/ v
franger
(transitive) To decorate with fringe.

frippery /ˈfɹɪpəɹi/ fripperies n
oripeaux
Hence: secondhand finery; cheap and tawdry decoration; affected elegance.

friseur friseurs n
friseur
(now, _, rare) A hairdresser.

frisk /fɹɪsk/ v
fouiller
(transitive) To search (someone) by feeling their body and clothing.

friskily more friskily most friskily adv
folâtrement
in a frisky manner

frisky /ˈfɹɪski/ friskier friskiest adj
taquin
(informal) Sexually aroused.

frit /fɹɪt/ frits n
fritte
A fused mixture of materials used to make glass.

fritillary fritillaries n
fritillaire
Any of several bulbous perennial plants, of the genus Fritillaria, having flowers with a spotted or chequered pattern.

fritter /ˈfɹɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfɹɪtɚ/ [ˈfɹɪɾɚ] fritters n
beignet
A dish made by deep-frying food coated in batter.

frivolity /fɹɪˈvɑlɪti/ /fɹɪˈvɒlɪti/ frivolities n
frivolité
frivolous act
state of being frivolous

frivolous /ˈfɹɪv.əl.əs/ more frivolous most frivolous adj
frivole
Silly, especially at an inappropriate time or in an inappropriate manner; lacking a good reason for being, or for doing what one does; due to or moved by a whim or caprice.
bagatelle bricole
Of little weight or importance; not worth notice; slight; trivial.

frizzy /ˈfɹɪzi/ frizzier frizziest adj
crépu
Formed of a mass of small, tight, wiry curls; unruly or extending in all directions.

frock /fɹɑk/ /fɹɒk/ frocks n
froc soutane
An outer garment worn by priests and other clericals; a habit.

frock coat frock coats n
redingote
A coat with long skirts, worn by men, now only on formal occasions.

frog /fɹɑɡ/ /fɹɒɡ/ /fɹɔɡ/ frogs n
grenouille
Any of a class of small tailless amphibians of the order Anura that typically hop.
hausse
(musical instrument) The part of a violin bow (or that of other similar string instruments such as the viola, cello and contrabass) located at the end held by the player, to which the horsehair is attached.
brandebourg
An ornate fastener for clothing consisting of an oblong button (covered with netted thread), toggle, or knot, that fits through a loop.
fourchette
An organ on the bottom of a horse’s hoof that assists in the circulation of blood.
cœur
(rail transport) The part of a railway switch or turnout where the running-rails cross (from the resemblance to the frog in a horse’s hoof).

frog in one's throat n
avoir un chat dans la gorge
(idiom) Hoarseness or the need to cough.

frog legs n
cuisses de grenouille
The hind legs of a frog used as food.

frog's-eye view frog's-eye views n
contre-plongée contreplongée
A point of view from the ground or from within a system.

froggery froggeries n
grenouillère
a place or enclosure where frogs are kept, and often bred.

froglike more froglike most froglike adj
ranin
Similar to a frog (amphibian), or to a characteristic of a frog.

frogman frogmen n
homme-grenouille
A diver, especially one in a diving suit (as opposed to one in scuba gear).

frogmouth frogmouths n
podarge
Any of several nocturnal, insectivorous birds, of the family Podargidae, native to Australia and southern Asia

frogspawn n
œufs de grenouille
A gelatinous mass of frogs' eggs, laid in ponds and ditches.

frolic /ˈfɹɑlɪk/ /ˈfɹɒlɪk/ v
folâtrer gambader
(intransitive) To make merry; to have fun; to romp; to behave playfully and uninhibitedly. [from 1580s]

frolicsome more frolicsome most frolicsome adj
badin espiègle folâtre
Characterised or marked by frolicking; playful.

from /fɹɒm/ /fɹəm/ /fɹʌm/ preposition
de dans sur
With reference to the location or position of a speaker or other observer or vantage point.

from A to Z
de A à Z depuis A jusqu'à Z
(idiomatic) Covering a complete range; comprehensively; from beginning to end.

from dawn to dusk
du lever au coucher du soleil du matin au soir
(duration) From sunrise to sunset.

from day to day adv
au jour le jour
Focusing on one day at a time.

from dusk to dawn
du soir au matin
(duration) From sunset to sunrise.

from father to son adv
de père en fils
Passed down from a father to his son.

from now on adv
désormais dorénavant [[à compter de|à compter d']][[aujourd'hui]] à l'avenir à partir de maintenant à présent
Starting from this moment and continuing indefinitely.

from scratch
de zéro à partir de zéro
(idiomatic) From the beginning; starting with no advantage or prior preparation.

from soup to nuts
de A à Z
(idiomatic, US) From beginning to end; throughout.

from the bottom of one's heart
du fond du cœur de tout cœur
In earnest; sincerely; with one's full feeling.

from the cradle to the grave
du berceau à la tombe

from the get-go
d'entrée de jeu
(idiomatic, colloquial) From the very beginning; from the outset; immediately upon starting.

from the ground up adv
de zéro
(idiomatic) From the beginning; starting with the basics, foundation, or fundamentals.

from the start
d'entrée de jeu depuis le début

from time to time
de temps en temps
(idiomatic) Occasionally; sometimes; once in a while.

from top to bottom
de fond en comble

from top to toe
de la tête aux pieds
of a person's appearance or equipment, completely, all over

fromagerie fromageries n
fromagerie
A cheese shop.

frond /fɹɑnd/ /fɹɒnd/ fronds n
fronde
(botany) The leaf of a fern, especially a compound leaf.

front /fɹʌnt/ further front furthest front adj
antérieur
Closest or nearest, of a set of futures contracts which expire at particular times, or of the times they expire; (typically, the front month or front year is the next calendar month or year after the current one).

front /fɹʌnt/ fronts n
devant avant
The foremost side of something or the end that faces the direction it normally moves.
façade
The side of a building with the main entrance.
A person or institution acting as the public face of some other, covert group.
front
(meteorology) The interface or transition zone between two airmasses of different density, often resulting in precipitation. Since the temperature distribution is the most important regulator of atmospheric density, a front almost invariably separates airmasses of different temperature.
(military) An area where armies are engaged in conflict, especially the line of contact.
(historical) A major military subdivision of the Soviet Army.

front /fɹʌnt/ v
porte-parole
(linguistics, transitive) To move (a word or clause) to the start of a sentence (or series of adjectives, etc).
(transitive) To lead or be the spokesperson of (a campaign, organisation etc.).

front door front doors n
porte d'entrée
(by extension) The entire main entrance to a building or house.

front end front ends n
front-end frontal
(computing) That part of a hardware or software system that is conceptually closest to the user; the user interface.

front line front lines n
front ligne de front
(military) A front, or a boundary between opposing positions.

front man front men n
homme de paille prête-nom
A person acting as the public face of some other, covert group.

front of house n
salle
The part of a restaurant, theatre, business, etc. presented to the public.

front page front pages n
une première de couv' première de couverture
The first, and initially visible, page of a publication.

front vowel front vowels n
voyelle antérieure
(phonetics) Any vowel sound produced in the front of the mouth. Examples: "a" in “man” and "e" in “gel”

front wing front wings n
aileron avant

front yard front yards n
cour jardin pelouse
cour de devant
(US, Canada) A yard to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a lawn and often trees, shrubs, and/or flowers.
(UK) An enclosed and often primarily utilitarian area to the front of a house or similar residence, typically having a hard surface or paving.

front-page adj
de première de couverture de première importance fracassant retentissant
So important as to warrant being put on the front page of newspapers.
de première de couverture qui fait la une
Which appears on the front page of a publication.

frontage road frontage roads n
route latérale
A smaller road alongside a main one such as an expressway, for access to adjacent properties.

frontal /ˈfɹʌn.l̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.tl̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.təl/ adj
frontal
(anatomy) Of or relating to the forehead or frontal bone.

frontal /ˈfɹʌn.l̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.tl̩/ /ˈfɹʌn.təl/ frontals n
frontal
(Christianity) A decorative drapery covering the front of an altar.

frontal bone frontal bones n
os frontal
(skeleton) The bone which forms the front part of the skull and the upper part of the eye sockets and nasal cavity.

frontal lobe frontal lobes n
lobe frontal
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the forehead.

frontflip frontflips n
salto avant
(gymnastics) A floor movement, consisting of rotating one's body in the air 360 degrees in the forward direction.

frontier /fɹɑnˈtɪɹ/ /fɹɒnˈtɪə/ /fɹʌnˈtɪə/ /fɹʌnˈtɪɹ/ /ˈfɹɒntjə/ /ˈfɹɒntɪə/ /ˈfɹʌntjə/ /ˈfɹʌntɪə/ /ˈfɹʌnt͡ʃə/ frontiers n
frontière
The part of a country which borders or faces another country or unsettled region.

frontispiece /ˈfɹɑn.tɪsˌpis/ /ˈfɹɒn.tɪsˌpiːs/ /ˈfɹʌn.tɪsˌpis/ /ˈfɹʌn.tɪsˌpiːs/ frontispieces n
frontispice
(publishing) An illustration that is on the page before the title page of a book, a section of one, or a magazine.

frontline adj
ligne de front
(military) Located at a front

frontside adj
frontside

froot froots n
frunk
(automotive) A boot (storage compartment) located at the front rather than the rear of a car, especially an electric vehicle.

frosh /fɹɑʃ/ /fɹɒʃ/ /fɹɔʃ/ frosh froshes n
bleu
(colloquial) A first-year student, at certain universities, and a first-or-second-year student at other universities.

frosh /fɹɑʃ/ /fɹɒʃ/ /fɹɔʃ/ v
baptiser bizuter
(transitive, slang) To initiate academic freshmen, notably in a testing way.

frost /fɹɑst/ /fɹɒst/ /fɹɔst/ frosts n
givre gel
A cover of minute ice crystals on objects that are exposed to the air. Frost is formed by the same process as dew, except that the temperature of the frosted object is below freezing.

frost fair frost fairs n
foire gel

frostbite frostbites n
gelure
An injury suffered as a result of freezing of some part of the body, typically fingers, toes or the nose.

frosty /ˈfɹɑs-/ /ˈfɹɒsti/ /ˈfɹɔsti/ frostier frostiest adj
froid gelé givré glacial
Cold, chilly; icy.
gelé givré
Having frost on it or in it.
froid glacial
(figuratively) Having an aloof or inhospitable manner.

froth /fɹɑθ/ /fɹɒθ/ /fɹɔθ/ froths n
écume mousse
Foam.

frothy frothier frothiest adj
mousseux
Foamy or churned to the point of becoming infused with bubbles.

frotteurism /fɹɑˈtɝ.ɪzm/ /fɹɒˈtɜːɹ.ɪzm/ /fɹɔˈtɝ.ɪzm/ n
frotteurisme
A paraphilia involving sexual arousal from rubbing one’s genitalia against another person, usually a stranger.

froward /ˈfɹoʊ.ɚd/ /ˈfɹəʊ.(w)əd/ more froward most froward adj
déraisonnable désobéissant immaîtrisable inmaîtrisable réfractaire
(archaic, literary) Disobedient, contrary, unmanageable; difficult to deal with; with an evil disposition.

frown /fɹaʊn/ frowns n
froncement
A wrinkling of the forehead with the eyebrows brought together, typically indicating displeasure, severity, or concentration.

frown /fɹaʊn/ v
râler
froncer les sourcils
(intransitive) To have a frown on one's face.

frown upon v
désapprouver réprouver voir d'un bon œil voir d'un mauvais œil
(transitive) To disapprove of.

frowst /fɹaʊst/ frowsts n
mofette touffeur
Stuffiness; stifling warmth in a room.

frowst /fɹaʊst/ v
s'enfermer se calfeutrer se cloîtrer
(intransitive) To enjoy being in a warm, close, stuffy place.

frozen /ˈfɹoʊzən/ /ˈfɹəʊzən/ more frozen most frozen adj
congelé gelé
Having undergone the process of freezing; in ice form.

fructan fructans n
fructane
(carbohydrate) Any homopolysaccharide composed of fructose residues

fructify /ˈfɹʌktɪfaɪ/ v
fructifier
(intransitive) To bear fruit; to generate useful products or ideas.

fructose /ˈfɹuk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʊk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʊk.təʊz/ /ˈfɹʌk.toʊs/ /ˈfɹʌk.təʊz/ fructoses n
fructose
(carbohydrate) A monosaccharide ketose sugar, formula C6H12O6.

frugal /ˈfɹuːɡəl/ more frugal most frugal adj
frugal
Avoiding unnecessary expenditure either of money or of anything else which is to be used or consumed; avoiding waste.

frugality /fɹuːˈɡæləti/ frugalities n
frugalité
The quality of being frugal; prudent economy; thrift.

frugivore /ˈfɹuːd͡ʒɪˌvɔɹ/ frugivores n
frugivore
An animal whose diet is mostly fruit.

fruit /fɹut/ /fɹuːt/ fruits n
fruit
The seed-bearing part of a plant; often edible, colourful, fragrant, and sweet or sour; produced from a floral ovary after fertilization.
(botany) A product of fertilization in a plant, specifically:
The spores of cryptogams and their accessory organs.
A sweet or sweetish vegetable, such as the petioles of rhubarb, that resembles a true fruit or is used in cookery as if it was a fruit.
Any sweet or sour, edible part of a plant that resembles seed-bearing fruit (see former sense) even if it does not develop from a floral ovary.
An end result, effect, or consequence; advantageous or disadvantageous result.
(attributive) Of, belonging to, related to, or having fruit or its characteristics; (of living things) producing or consuming fruit.
(archaic) Offspring from a sexual union.
(informal) A crazy person.
fruit pédé
(dated, colloquial, derogatory) A homosexual man; (derogatory, figurative) an effeminate man. [from 1900]

fruit /fɹut/ /fɹuːt/ v
affruiter
To produce fruit, seeds, or spores.

fruit dove fruit doves n
ptilope
A dove of the genus Ptilinopus, in the pigeon and dove family Columbidae. These colorful, frugivorous (fruit-eating) doves are found in the forests and woodlands throughout Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is a large genus with about 50 species, some threatened or already extinct.

fruit fly fruit flies n
mouche des fruits
Any insect of the Tephritidae family, whose larvae damage plant tissue.
drosophile mouche des fruits
Any insect of the Drosophilidae family, whose larvae feed on ripening fruit, especially the species Drosophila melanogaster that is used in genetic research.

fruit juice fruit juices n
jus de fruit jus de fruits
The juice of one or more fruits.

fruit salad fruit salads n
salade de fruits
A mixture of freshly cut fruit, sometimes with the addition of alcohol or yogurt, often served as a dessert.

fruit tree fruit trees n
arbre fruitier
A tree that bears a crop of edible fruit on a regular basis.

fruitcake /ˈfɹuːt.keɪk/ fruitcakes n
cake
A cake containing dried fruits and, optionally, nuts, citrus peel and spice.

fruiterer /-ɾə-/ /ˈfɹutəɹə/ /ˈfɹuːtəɹə/ /ˈfɹuːtɹə/ fruiterers n
fruitier fruitière
(Britain) One who sells fruit.

fruitful /ˈfɹuːtfəl/ more fruitful most fruitful adj
fructueux
Being productive in any sense; yielding benefits.

fruiting body fruiting bodies n
sporocarpe sporophore
(mycology) The structure on a fungus which houses the spore-producing organs.

fruition /fɹu.ˈɪʃ.ən/ fruitions n
fructification
The condition of bearing fruit.
jouissance
The enjoyment derived from a possession.

fruitless /ˈfɹutləs/ /ˈfɹuːtləs/ more fruitless most fruitless adj
abortif abortive
Bearing no fruit; barren.
vain
(figuratively) Unproductive, useless.

frumpy /ˈfɹʌm.pi/ /ˈfɹʌm.pɪ/ frumpier frumpiest adj
démodé
Dowdy, unkempt, or unfashionable.

frustrate /fɹəˈstɹeɪt/ /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪt/ v
frustrer
(transitive) To disappoint or defeat; to vex by depriving of something expected or desired.

frustrating /fɹəˈstɹeɪ̯tɪŋ/ /ˈfɹʌsˌtɹeɪ̯tɪŋ/ /ˌfɹʌsˈtɹeɪ̯tɪŋ/ [ˈf(ɹ)ʌsˌtɹeɪ̯ɾɪŋ] [ˈf(ɹ)ʌʃˌt͡ʃɹeɪ̯ɾɪŋ] more frustrating most frustrating adj
frustrant
Discouraging; causing annoyance or anger by excessive difficulty.

frustration /fɹəˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ /fɹʌsˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ frustrations n
frustration
The feeling of annoyance at impossibility from resistance or inability to achieve something.
The act of frustrating, or the state, or an instance of being frustrated.

frustum frusta frustums n
tronc
A cone or pyramid whose tip has been truncated by a plane parallel to its base.

frutescence /fɹuːˈtɛsəns/ n
frutescence
(botany) the quality of being frutescent

fruticose more fruticose most fruticose adj
frutiqueux
(botany) Having woody stems and branches; shrubby

fruticulose more fruticulose most fruticulose adj
fruticuleux
(botany) Like, or pertaining to, a small shrub

fry /fɹaɪ/ n
frite
(usually, in the plural, fries, mainly, , Canada, ) A fried piece of cut potato.
frai
Young fish; fishlings.

fry /fɹaɪ/ v
frire
(intransitive) To cook in hot fat.
(chiefly, US, ambitransitive, slang) To execute, or be executed, by the electric chair.
frire faire frire
(transitive) To cook (something) in hot fat.
griller
(intransitive, colloquial) To suffer because of too much heat.

frying pan frying pans n
poêle poêle à frire
A long-handled, shallow pan used for frying food.

fuchsia /ˈfjuːʃə/ /ˈfuːksi.ə/ fuchsias n
fuchsia
A popular garden plant, of the genus Fuchsia, of the Onagraceae family, shrubs with red, pink or purple flowers.
A purplish-red colour, the color of fuchsin, an aniline dye.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] interjection
putain merde câlisse osti tabarnak
(vulgar, colloquial) Expressing dismay or discontent.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] fucks n
baise baisage
(vulgar, colloquial) An act of sexual intercourse.
baise baiseuse
(vulgar, colloquial) A sexual partner, especially a casual one.
connard connasse
(vulgar, colloquial) A highly contemptible person.

fuck /fʊk/ /fʌk/ [fʌkʰ] v
baiser niquer foutre sauter fourrer enculer
(vulgar, colloquial, intransitive) To have sexual intercourse; to copulate.
(vulgar, colloquial, transitive) To insert one's penis, a dildo, or other object, into a person or a specified orifice or cleft sexually; to penetrate.
foutre
(vulgar, colloquial, transitive) To put in an extremely difficult or impossible situation.

fuck all /ˌfʌk ˈɔːl/ pronoun
que dalle
(vulgar) Nothing at all or very little.

fuck around v
déconner
flemmarder glander procrastiner
(slang, vulgar) To fritter aimlessly or distractedly, to procrastinate, to waste time.
flemmarder glander
(slang, vulgar) To fool around.
coucher à droite et à gauche
(slang, vulgar) To have sex with many partners.

fuck buddy fuck buddies n
copain de baise copine de baise plan cul
(vulgar, slang) A sex partner with whom one has sex, usually repeatedly, but without any romantic attachment (no strings attached).

fuck it interjection
et puis merde fais chier fait chier

fuck knows phraseologicalUnit
aucune putain d'idée
(idiomatic, vulgar, followed by a wh-clause) I don't know; nobody knows; it is unclear.

fuck like rabbits v
baiser comme des lapins
(vulgar, simile) To have copious amounts of sex.

fuck me interjection
merde putain
(vulgar, slang) An interjection expressing that someone is surprised, impressed, or dismayed.

fuck off interjection
fous le camp va chier va niquer ta mère va niquer ta reum va te faire foutre va te faire voir
(vulgar, slang, dismissal) Go away! Get lost!
va chier va te faire foutre
(vulgar, slang) An expression of disagreement or disbelief.

fuck off v
aller se faire enculer aller se faire mettre aller crever aller en enfer aller se faire cuire un œuf aller se faire foutre
To go to hell; to disappear or go away; to screw oneself.

fuck over v
baiser entuber

fuck this interjection
et puis merde merde on s'en branle on s'en fout rien à foutre

fuck up /ˈfʌkˌʌp/ /ˌfʌkˈʌp/ v
déconner foirer merder
(intransitive, slang, vulgar) To make a mistake, to go wrong.
foirer
(transitive, vulgar) To botch or make a mess of.
bousiller défoncer foutre en l'air niquer péter
(transitive, vulgar) To injure or damage badly.

fuck you phraseologicalUnit
je t'encule va te faire foutre
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see fuck,‎ you.

fuck your mother interjection
nique ta mère
(vulgar, colloquial) Synonym of fuck; expressing dismay or discontent.

fuckability /ˌfʌkəˈbɪlɪti/ [ˌfʌkəˈbɪlɪ̈ɾi] [ˌfʌkɪ̈ˈbɪlɪ̈ɾi] n
baisabilité
(vulgar) The abstract quality of being desirable as a lover, especially by virtue of physical beauty.

fuckable /ˈfʌkəbl̩/ more fuckable most fuckable adj
baisable
(slang, vulgar) Able to be or worthy of being fucked; sexually attractive.

fucked /fʌkt/ more fucked most fucked adj
foutu
(vulgar) Irreparably or catastrophically broken.

fucked up /ˌfʌktˈʌp/ more fucked up most fucked up adv
bourré foutu pété
In a screwed up or messed up manner; (by extension) under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
foutu
(slang) All wrong; mistaken; taken the wrong way

fucker /ˈfʌk.ə(ɹ)/ fuckers n
baiseur fouteur
(rare, vulgar) One who fucks.

fuckface fuckfaces n
tête de cul

fuckhead /ˈfʌkˌhɛd/ fuckheads n
enculé enfoiré
(vulgar, pejorative) A stupid or otherwise undesirable person

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ adj
putain de câlisse de ostie de
(vulgar) An intensifier, often applying more to the whole utterance than to the specific word it grammatically modifies.
putain de foutu foutue maudit maudite sale
(vulgar) Offensive, annoying or worthless.

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ adv
putain de
(vulgar) Really, very; having intensive force, often applying to the whole sentence or clause.

fucking /ˈfʌkɪn/ /ˈfʌkɪŋ/ fuckings n
baise
(vulgar) An act of sexual intercourse, especially one lacking passion or a feeling of sincere love.

fucking hell interjection
putain de merde
(vulgar, idiomatic) An exclamation of great surprise.

fucking machine fucking machines n
machine à baiser
A powered device, significantly larger than a vibrator, designed to bring a person to orgasm by sexual penetration.

fucktard fucktards n
attardé connard enfoiré
(pejorative, slang, vulgar, slur) An extraordinarily stupid person.

fuckup /ˈfʌkʌp/ fuckups n
connerie
(vulgar) A serious mistake.
boulet branquignol
(vulgar, pejorative) One who continually makes mistakes.
boulet
(vulgar, pejorative) An ineffective person; a person who fucks up a lot.

fuckwit fuckwits n
con conne
A very stupid person.

fudge /fʌd͡ʒ/ interjection
tabarnouche
(colloquial, minced oath) Used in place of fuck.

fudge /fʌd͡ʒ/ fudges n
caramel fondant fudge
(chiefly, _, uncountable) A type of very sweet candy or confection, usually made from sugar, butter, and milk or cream.
balivernes
(uncountable) Light or frothy nonsense.
échappatoire
(countable) A deliberately misleading or vague answer.

fudge /fʌd͡ʒ/ v
tourner autour du pot
(intransitive) To try to avoid giving a direct answer.
manipuler trafiquer
(transitive) To alter something from its true state, as to hide a flaw or uncertainty, deliberately but not necessarily dishonestly or immorally.

fuel /ˈfjuːl/ /ˈfjuːəl/ /ˈfjʊəl/ /ˈfɪu̯(ə)l/ [ˈfjuwəɫ] fuels n
carburant combustible
Substance consumed to provide energy through combustion, or through chemical or nuclear reaction.

fuel /ˈfjuːl/ /ˈfjuːəl/ /ˈfjʊəl/ /ˈfɪu̯(ə)l/ [ˈfjuwəɫ] v
alimenter attiser
To exacerbate, to cause to grow or become greater.

fuel tank fuel tanks n
réservoir à carburant
A container of fuel, especially one for motor fuel inside a vehicle.

fugitive /ˈfjuːd͡ʒɪtɪv/ more fugitive most fugitive adj
éphémère
Transient, fleeting or ephemeral.
fuyant
Elusive or difficult to retain.

fugitive /ˈfjuːd͡ʒɪtɪv/ fugitives n
fugitif fugitive
A person who flees or escapes and travels secretly from place to place, and sometimes using disguises and aliases to conceal his/her identity, as to avoid law authorities in order to avoid an arrest or prosecution; or to avoid some other unwanted situation.

fugue /ˈfjuːɡ/ fugues n
fugue
(music) A contrapuntal piece of music wherein a particular melody is played in a number of voices, each voice introduced in turn by playing the melody.

fulcrum /ˈfʊlk.ɹəm/ /ˈfʌlk.ɹəm/ fulcra fulcrums n
point d'appui
(mechanics) The support about which a lever pivots.

fulfill /fəˈfɪl/ /fʊlˈfɪl/ v
combler satisfaire
(transitive) To satisfy, carry out, bring to completion (an obligation, a requirement, etc.).
satisfaire
(transitive) To emotionally or artistically satisfy; to develop one's gifts to the fullest.

fulfilling more fulfilling most fulfilling adj
profondément gratifiant profondément satisfaisant épanouissant
Which causes fulfilment; emotionally or artistically satisfying.

fulfilment /fʊlˈfɪl.mənt/ fulfilments n
satisfaction
The state or quality of being fulfilled; completion; realization.

fuliginous /fjuːˈlɪ.d͡ʒɪ.nəs/ more fuliginous most fuliginous adj
fuligineuse fuligineux
Pertaining to or resembling soot in such features as colour, texture or taste; sooty, dusky. [from 16th c.]

full /fʊl/ [fʊɫ] fuller fullest more full most full adj
plein rempli
Containing the maximum possible amount that can fit in the space available.
complet
Complete; with nothing omitted.
(of garments) Of a size that is ample, wide, or having ample folds or pleats to be comfortable.
entier total
Total, entire.
rassasier repaitre
(informal) Having eaten to satisfaction, having a "full" stomach; replete.

full blast n
à toute vapeur
(idiomatic) Maximum capacity or effort

full board n
pension complète
(travel) A hotel rate that includes accommodation, breakfast, lunch and dinner.

full dress n
être sur son trente-et-un
Clothing worn on formal occasions.

full employment n
plein-emploi
(economics, politics) A policy goal state in which all those wanting employment at the prevailing wages can find it.

full house full houses n
full main pleine
(poker) A hand that consists of three of a kind and a pair.

full moon full moons n
pleine lune
The phase of the moon when it is in opposition to the sun and its full disc is therefore visible.

full name full names n
nom complet
The complete name of a person, including first name, any middle names, and surname.

full of oneself more full of oneself most full of oneself adj
plein de soi-même égoïste
(idiomatic) Egotistical, believing oneself to be superior to others; preoccupied with one's own work, interests, point of view, etc.

full price full prices n
prix plein

full sail adv
toutes voiles dehors

full screen adj
plein écran
(computing, graphical user interface) Of a window occupying all the available display surface of a screen.

full speed ahead adj
en avant toute pleins gaz à toute vitesse
(idiomatic) Unhesitant.

full stop /ˌfʊl ˈstɒp/ interjection
point point final un point c'est tout
(colloquial) Used to emphasize the end of an important statement or point when speaking to show something is not up for discussion or debate.

full stop /ˌfʊl ˈstɒp/ full stops n
point
(Australia, British, India, Ireland, NZ, South Africa) The punctuation mark "." (indicating the end of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).

full throttle more full throttle most full throttle adv
à fond la caisse à toute berzingue
All out; at maximum speed, effort, or risk.

full time full times n
à plein temps
The full number of hours usually worked in a day or week, in distinction to part-time work.

full up adj
plein
Filled to satiety.

full-bodied adj
corsé
Of a comestible, especially a beverage, having a rich flavor.

full-course yellow full-course yellows n
drapeau jaune complet

full-fledged adj
à part entière
(idiomatic) Having full qualification, credentials or preparation; entire; real.

full-length adj
en pied
(arts, of a painting, a sculpture or a photograph) Representing the full height of the body.

full-scale adj
complet général total à grande échelle
Thorough; complete; not lacking in any detail.

full-size adj
grand-format
Being the normal or standard size for its type.
grandeur nature échelle grandeur
(arts) (of a representational artwork or model) Being the same size as the original.

full-throated /ˌfʊlˈθɹoʊtəd/ /ˌfʊlˈθɹəʊtɪd/ [-ɾəd] more full-throated most full-throated adj
retentissant
(also, figuratively, _, of noises by objects) Using all the power of one's voice; communicated loudly or vociferously.

full-time adj
plein temps à temps plein
Involving a full amount of time spent on some activity, especially a job.

full-time adv
à plein temps à temps plein
Spending a full amount of time.

fuller /ˈfʊlə(ɹ)/ fullers n
foulon tailleur
A person who fulls cloth.
gouttière
A convex, rounded or grooved tool, used by blacksmiths for shaping metal.
A groove made by such a tool (in the blade of a sword etc.).

fuller's earth /ˌfʊləz ˈɜːθ/ n
argile smectique terre à foulon
A fine clay used in fulling cloth.

fullerene /ˈfʊləɹˌin/ fullerenes n
fullerène
(inorganic chemistry) Any of a class of allotropes of carbon having hollow molecules whose atoms lie at the vertices of a polyhedron having 12 pentagonal and 2 or more hexagonal faces.

fulling mill fulling mills n
moulin à foulon
A water mill used for fulling cloth.

fullness /ˈfʊlnəs/ fullnesses n
plénitude
Being full; completeness.

fullwidth adj
pleine chasse
(computing, typography) Of a text character, occupying the space of two alphanumeric characters in a monospace font, or two "normal" text columns.

fully /ˈfʊli/ more fully most fully adv
complètement entièrement
In a full manner; without lack or defect; completely, entirely.
(rare) So as to be full (not hungry); to satiation.

fullz /fʊlz/ n
fullz
(internet slang) A compilation or package of information on a prospective fraud or identity theft victim.

fulmar fulmars n
fulmar
Either of two species of pelagic seabird in the genus Fulmarus, Fulmarus glacialis and F. glacialoides, which breed on cliffs.

fulminant adj
foudroyant
(especially, _, medicine) Appearing quickly and with destructive effects.

fulminate /-əneɪt/ /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/ /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/ fulminates n
fulminate
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of fulminic acid, mostly explosive.

fulminate /-əneɪt/ /ˈfʊlmɪneɪt/ /ˈfʌlmɪneɪt/ v
foudroyer
(transitive, now, _, rare) To strike with lightning; to cause to explode.

fulminic acid n
acide fulminique
(chemistry) Iso-cyanic acid, HCNO, an unstable compound which forms explosive salts

fumarole fumaroles n
fumerolle
An opening in the ground that emits steam and gases due to volcanic activity.

fumble /ˈfʌmbəl/ v
tripoter
(transitive, intransitive) To handle nervously or awkwardly.
tâtonner
(transitive, intransitive) To grope awkwardly in trying to find something

fume /fjuːm/ v
fulminer
(intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.

fume hood fume hoods n
hotte
(chemistry) A ventilated compartment in which chemical procedures may be undertaken without the escape of noxious fumes into the local environment.

fumigate /ˈfjuːmɪɡeɪt/ v
fumiger
(transitive) To disinfect, purify, or rid of vermin with the fumes of certain chemicals.

fumitory fumitories n
fumeterre
Any plant of the taxonomic genus Fumaria of annual herbaceous flowering plants in the family Papaveraceae, native to temperate Europe and Asia.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ funner funnest more fun most fun adj
amusant
(informal) Enjoyable or amusing.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ n
amusement
Amusement, enjoyment or pleasure.

fun /fʊn/ /fʌn/ v
amuser
(colloquial) To tease, kid, poke fun at, make fun of.

fun house fun houses n
maison de joie
(euphemistic) A brothel.

funambulate /fjuˈnæm.bjuˌleɪt/ /fjuˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ /fjəˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ /fjʊˈnæm.bjʊ.leɪt/ v
funambuler
(intransitive) To walk on ropes; to tightrope-walk.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] functions n
fonction
What something does or is used for.
A professional or official position.
An official or social occasion.
(mathematics) A relation in which each element of the domain is associated with exactly one element of the codomain.
(computing) A routine that receives zero or more arguments and may return a result.
(biology) The physiological activity of an organ or body part.
(chemistry) The characteristic behavior of a chemical compound.
en fonction de fonction
A relation where one thing is dependent on another for its existence, value, or significance.

function /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃən/ /ˈfʌŋkʃn̩/ /ˈfʌŋkʃən/ [ˈfʌŋkʃn̩] [ˈfʌŋkʃɪ̈n] v
fonctionner marcher
(intransitive) To carry out a function; to be in action.

function word function words n
mot-outil mot grammatical
(linguistics) A word that has little meaning when standing alone, but instead serves to express grammatical relationships with other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker, such as prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, or conjunctions.

functional /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃnəl/ /ˈfʌŋkt͡ʃənəl/ more functional most functional adj
fonctionnel
In good working order.
Useful; serving a purpose, fulfilling a function.
(computing theory) Having semantics defined purely in terms of mathematical functions, without side-effects.
(medicine) Of a disease, such that its symptoms cannot be referred to any appreciable lesion or change of structure; opposed to organic disease, in which the organ itself is affected.

functional analysis n
analyse fonctionnelle
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with infinite-dimensional vector spaces, whose elements are actually functions, as well as generalizations such as Banach spaces and Hilbert spaces.

functional dependency functional dependencies n
dépendance fonctionnelle
(database normalization) Given a relation R and two sets of attributes X,Y \subseteq R, a constraint X \rightarrow Y where each X value in R is associated with precisely one Y value in R.

functional group functional groups n
groupe fonctionnel
(organic chemistry) A specific grouping of elements that is characteristic of a class of compounds, and determines some properties and reactions of that class.

functional load functional loads n
rendement fonctionnel
Targeted exposure of an implement or organ to stimuli or other straining it is supposed or being tested to tolerate.

functionality functionalities n
fonctionnalité
(uncountable) The ability to do a task, performance, or execution; a set of functions that something is able or equipped to perform.

functionary functionaries n
fonctionnaire
A person employed as an official in a bureaucracy (usually corporate or governmental) who holds limited authority and primarily serves to carry out a simple function for which discretion is not required.

functioning functionings n
fonctionnement
Action of the verb function.
Manner by which something functions; the workings.

functor /ˈfʌŋktə/ functors n
foncteur
(object-oriented programming) A function object.
(category theory) A category homomorphism; a morphism from a source category to a target category which maps objects to objects and arrows to arrows, in such a way as to preserve domains and codomains (of the arrows) as well as composition and identities.

fund /ˈfʌnd/ funds n
fonds
A sum or source of money.

fund /ˈfʌnd/ v
financer
(transitive) To pay or provide money for.

fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/ more fundamental most fundamental adj
fondamental
Related to a foundation, base, or basis; serving as a foundation.

fundamental /ˌfʌndəˈmɛntəl/ fundamentals n
fondement
(usually, in the plural) A main or major principle, rule, law, etc. which serves as the foundation or basis of a system; an essential part

fundamental group fundamental groups n
groupe fondamental
(topology) For a specified topological space, the group whose elements are homotopy classes of loops (images of some arbitrary closed interval whose endpoints are both mapped to a designated point) and whose group operation is concatenation.

fundamental interaction fundamental interactions n
interaction fondamentale interaction élémentaire
(physics) any of the fundamental forces that act between elementary particles; each one is associated with an exchanged particle

fundamental theorem fundamental theorems n
théorème fondamental
(chiefly, mathematics) A theorem (or, in non-mathematical fields, a commonly accepted hypothesis) considered to be of central importance to a specified field.

fundamentalism fundamentalisms n
fondamentalisme
(religion) The tendency to reduce a religion to its most fundamental tenets, based on strict interpretation of core texts.

fundamentalist fundamentalists n
fondamentaliste
One who reduces religion to strict interpretation of core or original texts.

fundamentally more fundamentally most fundamentally adv
foncièrement fondamentalement
In a fundamental or basic sense; reaching the very core of the matter.

funded /ˈfʌndɪd/ more funded most funded adj
financé
Having received financial support; paid for.

funding /ˈfʌndɪŋ/ fundings n
financement
Money provided as funds.

fundraiser /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zə/ /ˈfʌnd.ɹeɪ.zɚ/ fundraisers n
collecte de fonds

fundraising /ˈfʌndˌɹeɪzɪŋ/ fundraisings n
collecte de fonds

funds /fʌndz/ [fəndz] n
fond
Financial resources.

funeral /ˈfjunəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnəɹəl/ /ˈfjuːnɹəl/ funerals n
funérailles obsèques
A ceremony to honour and remember a deceased person. Often distinguished from a memorial service by the presence of the body of the deceased.

funeral home funeral homes n
chambre funéraire funérarium
A mortuary where the friends and relatives of the deceased may attend a wake, or pay their last respects.

funeral march funeral marches n
marche funèbre
(music) A slow march in a "simple duple" meter, often played at funerals.

funerary /ˈfjuːn(ə)ɹəɹi/ adj
funéraire
Of or relating to a funeral.

funereal /fjuːˈnɪəɹɪ.əl/ more funereal most funereal adj
funèbre funéraire
Of or relating to a funeral.

fungal /ˈfʌŋɡəl/ adj
fongique
Of or pertaining to a fungus or fungi.

fungibility fungibilities n
fongibilité
The property of a good or a commodity whereby individual units are capable of mutual substitution.

fungible /ˈfʌndʒɪbl/ /ˈfʌndʒɪbəl/ more fungible most fungible adj
fongible
(finance, and, commerce) Able to be substituted for something of equal value or utility.

fungicidal adj
fongicide
Having the ability to destroy or control fungus.

fungicide /ˈfʌnd͡ʒɪsaɪd/ /ˈfʌŋɡɪsaɪd/ fungicides n
fongicide
A substance used to kill fungus

fungicolous more fungicolous most fungicolous adj
fongicole
(mycology) growing on other fungi

fungoid more fungoid most fungoid adj
fongiforme fongoïde
Of, pertaining to, or resembling a fungus.

fungus /ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs/ fungi funguses n
fongus champignon
(mycology) Any member of the kingdom Fungi; a eukaryotic organism typically having chitin cell walls but no chlorophyll or plastids. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.

funicular funiculars n
funiculaire
A particular type of rail transit system which ascends a steep urban or mountain incline, having usually two cars sharing a single track, with the cars linked by a moving cable and an arrangement of pulleys such that the descending car assists in the hoisting of the ascending car, i.e. the two cars serve as counterweights for each other.

funishment /ˈfʊnɪʃmənt/ /ˈfʌnɪʃmənt/ funishments n
funition
(ethics, uncountable) A proposed treatment of criminals that would take them out of wider society (like a traditional prison) but without aiming to punish them.

funk /fʌŋk/ funks n
puanteur
(countable) Foul or unpleasant smell, especially body odor.
funk
(uncountable, music genre) A style of music derived from 1960s soul music, with elements of rock and other styles, characterized by a prominent bass guitar, dance-friendly sound, a strong emphasis on the downbeat, and much syncopation.

funnel /ˈfʌnəl/ funnels n
entonnoir
A utensil in the shape of an inverted hollow cone terminating in a narrow pipe, for channeling liquids or granular material; typically used when transferring said substances from any container into ones with a significantly smaller opening.

funnel /ˈfʌnəl/ v
canaliser utiliser un entonnoir
(intransitive) To proceed through a narrow gap or passageway akin to a funnel; to condense or narrow.
faire circuler des ressources ou de l'argent
(transitive) To channel, direct, or focus (emotions, money, resources, etc.).

funnel chanterelle funnel chanterelles n
chanterelle en tube
An edible mushroom of species Craterellus tubaeformis.

funny /ˈfʊnɪ/ /ˈfʌni/ /ˈfʌnɪ/ funnier funniest adj
drôle amusant marrant rigolo
Amusing; humorous; comical. [from mid-18th c.]
bizarre étrange marrant
Strange or unusual, often implying unpleasant. [from early 19th c.]

funny /ˈfʊnɪ/ /ˈfʌni/ /ˈfʌnɪ/ funnies n
blague
(informal) A joke.

funny bone /ˈfʌn.i boʊn/ /ˈfʌn.i bəʊn/ funny bones n
petit juif
(idiomatic) The ulnar nerve in the elbow, which, when hit, causes a tingly sensation. [from the 19th c.]

fur /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fʌr/ furs n
pelage
fourrure panne
(uncountable) The hairy coat of various mammal species, especially when fine, soft and thick.
(uncountable) The hairy skins of animals used as a material for clothing.

fur /fɜː(ɹ)/ /fɝ/ /fʌr/ v
fourrer
(transitive) To cover with fur or a fur-like coating.

fur burger fur burgers n
tarte aux poils
(slang, usually in the context of cunnilingus) : An unshaven, hairy vulva.

fur coat fur coats n
manteau de fourrure
An outer garment for the upper body made of furry animal hides.
fourrure
The fur of an animal; the animal coat of its own fur.

fur seal fur seals n
otarie à fourrure ours de mer
A marine mammal of either of the genera Arctocephalus or Callorhinus of the eared seal family Otariidae, differing from the sea lions in having dense underfur.

fur trade n
traite des fourrures
the business of buying and selling animal skins and pelts.

furan /ˈfjʊəɹæn/ furans n
furane
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms, two double bonds and an oxygen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H4O.

furanic adj
furanique

furball furballs n
boule de poils
(humorous, informal) A particularly furry person or animal.

furcate /fɜːˈkeɪt/ /ˈfɜː.keɪt/ /ˈfɜː.kət/ /ˈfɝ.keɪt/ /ˈfɝ.kət/ /ˈfɝ.kɪt/ adj
bifurqué
Forked, branched; divided at one end into parts.

furcate /fɜːˈkeɪt/ /ˈfɜː.keɪt/ /ˈfɜː.kət/ /ˈfɝ.keɪt/ /ˈfɝ.kət/ /ˈfɝ.kɪt/ v
bifurquer se diviser
To fork or branch out.

furcula furculae furculæ n
lunette
(ornithology) The forked bone formed by the fusion of the clavicles in birds, the wishbone or merrythought.

furibund /ˈfjʊə-/ /ˈfjʊɹɪbʌnd/ more furibund most furibund adj
furibond
(formal, literary) Having a propensity to be furious; choleric, irate.

furious /ˈfjɝ.i.əs/ /ˈfjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /ˈfjʊɹ.i.əs/ more furious most furious adj
furieux
Rushing with impetuosity; moving with violence.

furious fifties n
cinquantièmes hurlants
The area of the earth between 50 and 60 degrees south, prone to strong winds.

furiously /ˈfjʊə̯ɹi.ə̯sli/ more furiously most furiously adv
furieusement
In a furious manner; angrily.

furl /fɜːl/ /fɝl/ v
ferler
(transitive) To lower, roll up and secure (something, such as a sail or flag)

furlong /ˈfɜːlɒŋ/ /ˈfɝˌlɔŋ/ furlong furlongs n
furlong sillon stade
A unit of distance equal to one-eighth of a mile (220 yards, or 201.168 metres), now mainly used in measuring distances in farmland and horse racing.

furlough /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ləʊ/ /ˈfɝ.loʊ/ furloughs n
congé
A leave of absence or vacation.
chômage technique
A period of unpaid time off, used by an employer to reduce costs.

furnace /ˈfɜːnɪs/ /ˈfɝnɪs/ furnaces n
four haut fourneau
An industrial heating device, such as for smelting metal or firing ceramics.
chaudière
(US, Canada) A device that provides heat for a building.
fournaise
(colloquial, figurative) Any area that is excessively hot.

furnish /ˈfɜːnɪʃ/ /ˈfɝnɪʃ/ v
meubler garnir
(transitive) To provide a place with furniture, or other equipment.
fournir livrer
(transitive, figuratively) To supply or give (something).
(transitive, figuratively) To supply (somebody) with something.

furnished /ˈfɜːnɪʃt/ /ˈfɝnɪʃt/ adj
meublé
supplied with furniture

furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə/ /ˈfɝnɪt͡ʃɚ/ furnitures n
mobilier meubles meuble
(now usually, _, uncountable) Large movable item(s), usually in a room, which enhance(s) the room's characteristics, functionally or decoratively.

furniture beetle furniture beetles n
petite vrillette vrillette
(entomology) Any of various species of wood-boring beetle, the larvae of which are a type of woodworm, especially Anobium punctatum, the common furniture beetle.

furoshiki furoshiki n
furoshiki
A traditional Japanese wrapping-cloth, used for clothes, gifts etc.

furrier /ˈfɜɹiəɹ/ /ˈfɜːɹi.ə/ /ˈfʌɹi.ə/ [ˈfɝiɚ] [ˈfɝˑiɚ] furriers n
fourreur fourreuse pelletier pelletière
A person who sells, makes, repairs, alters, cleans, or otherwise deals in clothing made of fur.

furring furrings n
tasseau
A strip of material used to prepare a wall for plastering, or to provide an air space.

furrow /ˈfɝoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹəʊ/ furrows n
sillon rigole
A trench cut in the soil, as when plowed in order to plant a crop.
sillon ride
A deep wrinkle in the skin of the face, especially on the forehead.

furrow /ˈfɝoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹoʊ/ /ˈfʌɹəʊ/ v
sillonner
(transitive) To cut one or more grooves in (the ground, etc.).
froncer
(transitive) To pull one's brows or eyebrows together due to concentration, worry, etc.

furry /ˈfɜːɹi/ /ˈfɝi/ furrier furriest adj
poilu velu
Covered with fur, or with something resembling fur.

furry /ˈfɜːɹi/ /ˈfɝi/ furries n
furry
An animal character with human-like characteristics; most commonly refers to such characters created by members of the furry subculture.

fursona /fɜːˈsəʊnə/ /fɝˈsoʊnə/ /fɵːˈsɐʉnɘ/ [fɵːˈsɐʉnɜ] fursonae fursonas n
fursona
(fandom) An anthropomorphic animal character used to represent oneself online or in furry role-playing.

fursuit fursuits n
fursuit
(slang) An anthropomorphic animal costume used in the furry subculture.

further /ˈfɜː.ðə/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/ adj
ultérieur
More, additional.

further /ˈfɜː.ðə/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/ adv
de plus
plus loin
(comparative form of far) To a greater extent or degree.

further /ˈfɜː.ðə/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚ/ v
encourager
(transitive) To encourage growth; to support progress or growth of something; to promote.

furthermore /ˈfɜː(ɹ).ðə(ɹ)ˌmɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈfɝ.ðɚˌmɔɹ/ adv
en outre en plus de plus au reste au surplus d'autre part
In addition; besides; further; what's more (i.e. to denote additional information).

furtive /ˈfɜːtɪv/ /ˈfɝtɪv/ [-ɾɪv] [ˈfɜːɾɪv] more furtive most furtive adj
furtif subreptice
Of a person or an animal: sly, stealthy.

furtively /ˈfɜːtɪvli/ more furtively most furtively adv
furtivement subrepticement
In a furtive manner.

fury /ˈfjʊə.ɹi/ /ˈfjʊɚ.i/ /ˈfjʊɹ.i/ furies n
acharnement

fuse /fjuːz/ fuses n
mèche cordeau
A cord that, when lit, conveys the fire to some explosive device.
fusible plomb
(electrical engineering) A device to prevent excessive overcurrent from overload or short circuit in an electrical circuit, containing a component that melts and interrupts the current when too high a load is passed through it.
détonateur
(manufacturing, mining, military) The mechanism that ignites the charge in an explosive device; a detonator.
plomb
(figurative) A tendency to lose one's temper.

fuse /fjuːz/ v
fondre fusionner
(transitive) To melt together; to blend; to mix indistinguishably.

fuselage /ˈfjuːsəˌlɑːʒ/ /ˈfjuːzəˌlɑːʒ/ fuselages n
fuselage
(aeronautical) The main body of an aerospace vehicle; the long central structure of an aircraft to which the wings (or rotors), tail, and engines are attached, and which accommodates crew and cargo.

fusiform more fusiform most fusiform adj
fusiforme
(chiefly, _, botany, zoology) Shaped like a spindle with yarn spun on it; having round or roundish cross-section and tapering at each end.

fusil /ˈfjuːzɪl/ fusils n
fusée
(heraldiccharge) A bearing of a rhomboidal figure, originally representing a spindle in shape, longer than a heraldic lozenge.
fusil
(now, historical) A light flintlock musket or firelock.

fusilier /ˌfjuːzɪˈlɪə/ fusiliers n
fusilier
An infantryman armed with a form of flintlock musket

fusillade /ˈfjuːsɪˌleɪd/ fusillades n
fusillade
The simultaneous firing of a number of firearms.

fusilli /ˌfuːˈsiːli/ /ˌfuːˈziːli/ n
fusilli
Pasta in the shape of short spirals.

fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒən/ fusions n
fusion
(fiction) The act of two characters merging into one, typically more powerful, being; or the merged being itself.
(physics) A nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the concomitant release of energy.
(cytology) The process by which two distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic core, resulting in one interconnected structure.
(genetics) The result of the hybridation of two genes which originally coded for separate proteins.
The act of melting or liquefying something by heating it.

fuss /fʌs/ fusses n
agitation
(countable, or, uncountable) Excessive activity, worry, bother, or talk about something.
histoires
A complaint or noise; a scene.

fuss /fʌs/ v
s’agiter s’empresser
(intransitive) To be very worried or excited about something, often too much.
tracasser
(intransitive) To fiddle; fidget; wiggle, or adjust

fussbudget /ˈfʌsˌbʌd͡ʒɪt/ fussbudgets n
anxieuse anxieux difficile tatillon tatillonne
(colloquial, derogatory, North America) One who complains or fusses a great deal, especially about unimportant matters; a fusspot.

fussock /ˈfʌsək/ fussocks n
toutoune

fussy /ˈfʌ.si/ fussier fussiest adj
pointilleux tatillon
Anxious or particular about petty details; hard to please.

fustanella fustanellas n
fustanelle
A form of skirt or kilt traditionally worn by men in Albania, Greece and other parts of the Balkans.

fustian /ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/ /ˈfʌs.tʃən/ /ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/ fustians n
futaine
Originally, a kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; now, a kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff with a short pile and often dyed a dull colour, which is chiefly prepared for menswear.

fustigate v
fustiger bastonner
(transitive) To hit someone with a club.
fustiger
(figuratively) To harshly criticize someone.

futanari futanari n
futanari
(anime, manga, uncountable) A genre of Japanese anime or manga featuring intersex characters that are depicted as attractive, usually works containing female characters with a penis.

futile /ˈfju.taɪ.əl/ /ˈfju.taɪl/ /ˈfju.təl/ /ˈfjuː.taɪl/ more futile most futile adj
futile
Incapable of producing results, useless; doomed not to be successful; not worth attempting.

futility futilities n
futilité
(uncountable) The quality of being futile or useless.

futon /ˈfutɑn/ /ˈfuːtɒn/ futon futons n
futon
A thin mattress of tufted cotton or similar material, placed on a floor or on a raised, foldable frame as a bed.

futsal n
futsal
A form of soccer played indoors, with five players per team.

futtock /ˈfʌtək/ [ˈfəɾək] futtocks n
allonge côte genou membrure ogive rayon
(nautical) Any of the curved rib-like timbers that form the frame of a wooden ship.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ adj
futur avenir
Having to do with or occurring in the future.

future /ˈfjuː.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ futures n
futur avenir
The time ahead; those moments yet to be experienced.
Something that will happen in moments yet to come.

future bass n
future bass
A genre of electronic dance music which mixes elements of dubstep and trap with less abrasive rhythms.

future house n
future house

future participle future participles n
participe futur
A part of speech present in some languages (e.g. Latin, Hungarian and Georgian) but not in English that gives a sense of something about to happen.

future perfect future perfects futures perfect n
futur antérieur
(grammar) A tense that expresses action completed at some time in the future; in English it is formed by use of will have (or shall have) and a past participle

future tense future tenses n
futur futur simple
(grammar) The tense or time form of a verb used to refer to an event or occurrence that has not yet happened or is expected to happen in the future.

futures contract futures contracts n
contrat à terme
(finance) A standardized contract, traded on a futures exchange, to buy or sell a standardized quantity of a specified commodity (or financial instrument) of standardized quality at a certain date in the future, at a stated price (the futures price).

futurism /ˈfjuːt͡ʃəɹɪzəm/ futurisms n
futurisme
(art) An early 20th century avant-garde art movement focused on speed, the mechanical, and the modern, which took a deeply antagonistic attitude to traditional artistic conventions.

futurist more futurist most futurist adj
futuriste
In the style of futurism.

futurist futurists n
futuriste
(arts) An adherent to the principles of the artistic movement of futurism.

futurologist futurologists n
futurologue
A person who practices futurology.

futurology futurologies n
futurologie
The scientific forecasting of future trends in science, technology or society

fuzz /fʌz/ fuzzes n
duvet
A frizzy mass of hair or fibre.

fuzzy /ˈfʌzi/ fuzzier fuzziest adj
flou confus
Vague or imprecise.
flou
Not clear; unfocused.

fuzzy logic fuzzy logics n
logique floue
(mathematics) A form of reasoning, derived from fuzzy set theory, whereby a truth value need not be exactly zero (false) or one (true), but rather can be zero, one, or any value in between.

fuzzy set fuzzy sets n
ensemble flou
(fuzzy set theory, fuzzy logic) A set whose elements have degrees of membership, instead of only full and empty membership.

fyke fykes n
verveux
(fishing) A type of fish-trap consisting of tubular nets that are supported by hoops.

fynbos n
finbos fynbos
(botany) Vegetation unique to the Cape Floral Kingdom, made up chiefly of Proteaceae, restios, and Ericaceae.

féerie /ˈfeɪəɹi/ /ˈfɛəɹi/ féeries n
féerie

gab /ɡæb/ gabs n
bagou
Idle chatter.

gab /ɡæb/ v
babiller bavarder papoter
(intransitive) To talk or chatter a lot, usually on trivial subjects.

gabapentin /ˈɡæb.əˌpɛn.tɪn/ n
gabapentine

gabbro /ˈɡabɹəʊ/ gabbros n
gabbro
(rock) Originally, a kind of serpentine; now generally a coarsely crystalline, igneous rock consisting of lamellar pyroxene and labradorite.

gable /ˈɡeɪ.bəl/ gables n
pignon gâble
(architectural element) The triangular area at the peak of an external wall adjacent to, and terminating, two sloped roof surfaces (pitches).

gac /ɡæk/ n
gac
The Southeast Asian fruit Momordica cochinchinensis, a reddish spiny gourd with high lycopene content.

gadfly /ˈɡædflaɪ/ /ˈɡædˌflaɪ/ gadflies n
casse-pieds
A person or thing that irritates or instigates.
empêcheur de tourner en rond
(specifically) A person who upsets the status quo by posing novel or upsetting questions, or attempts to stimulate innovation by being an irritant.

gadget /ɡædʒɪt/ /ɡæd͡ʒət/ gadgets n
gadget
Any device or machine, especially one whose name cannot be recalled. Often either clever or complicated.

gadje gadje gadjes n
gadji gadjo
A non-Roma; a non-Romani person.

gadolinium /ˌɡæd.əˈlɪn.i.əm/ gadoliniums n
gadolinium
A chemical element (symbol Gd) with atomic number 64: a ductile silvery-white metal.

gadwall gadwalls n
canard chipeau
A common, widespread dabbling duck which breeds in the northern hemisphere (Mareca strepera, syn. Anas strepera).

gaff rig gaff rigs n
gréement aurique
(nautical) aAsailing rig that has a fore-and-aft sail supported by a spar called a gaff.

gaffe /ɡæf/ gaffes n
gaffe bévue faux pas
A foolish and embarrassing error, especially one made in public.

gaffer /ɡæfə/ /ɡæfɚ/ gaffers n
éclairagiste
(film) A chief lighting technician for a motion-picture or television production.
contre-maître
(UK, informal) The leader of a group or team, such as a boss, foreman, coach, or publican.

gaffsail /ˈɡæf.seɪl/ gaffsails n
voile à corne
(nautical) A topsail above the uppermost or only spanker.

gag /ɡæɡ/ gags n
bâillon
A device to restrain speech, such as a rag in the mouth secured with tape or a rubber ball threaded onto a cord or strap.
haut-le-coeur
A convulsion of the upper digestive tract.

gag /ɡæɡ/ v
haut-le-cœur
(intransitive) To experience the vomiting reflex.
bâillonner
(ambitransitive, slang, LGBT) To astonish (someone); (to cause someone) to be at a loss for words; to leave speechless; to be left speechless.

gaga /ˈɡɑːɡɑː/ more gaga most gaga adj
gaga gâteux neuneu zinzin
(informal) Mentally senile.
gaga neuneu zinzin
(informal) Crazy.
gaga
(informal) Infatuated.

gaillardia /ɡeɪˈlɑː(ɹ)dɪə/ gaillardias n
gaillarde
Any of several New World flowering plants of the genus Gaillardia

gain /ɡeɪn/ gains n
gain
The act of gaining; acquisition.

gain /ɡeɪn/ v
gagner
(transitive) To acquire possession of.

gain ground v
gagner du terrain
To make progress or obtain advantage; to gain traction.

gainsay /ɡeɪnˈseɪ/ /ˈɡeɪnˌseɪ/ v
contredire
(transitive, formal) To say something in contradiction to.

gait /ɡeɪt/ gaits n
démarche
Manner of walking or stepping; bearing or carriage while moving on legs.
allure
(horses) One of the different ways in which a horse can move, either naturally or as a result of training.

gaiter /ˈɡeɪ.tə/ /ˈɡeɪ.təɹ/ gaiters n
guêtre
A covering cloth or leather for the whole leg from the knee to the instep, fitting down upon the shoe.

gaiwan /ɡaɪˈwɑːn/ gaiwan gaiwans n
gaiwan
A Chinese lidded cup or bowl, used to steep tea, sometimes including a saucer, developed during the Ming dynasty as an improvement upon the (lidless) chawan.

gala /ˈɡeɪlə/ /ˈɡælə/ /ˈɡɑːlə/ galas n
gala fête
(uncountable) Pomp, show, or festivity.

galactagogic more galactagogic most galactagogic adj
galactagogue

galactagogue /ɡəˈlæk.tə.ɡɑɡ/ /ɡəˈlæk.tə.ɡɒɡ/ galactagogues n
galactagogue
A substance that induces lactation.

galactic /ɡəˈlæktɪk/ more galactic most galactic adj
galactique
(astronomy, specifically, sometimes capitalized) Relating to the Milky Way galaxy.
astronomique colossal monumental phénoménal titanesque
(figuratively) Enormous (in size or impact).
galactique lactique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to milk, or the secretion of milk.

galactic center galactic centers n
centre galactique

galactically adv
galactique
With regard to galaxies, or in a galactic context.

galactocentric adj
galactocentrique

galactocentric orbit galactocentric orbits n
orbite galactocentrique

galactomannan galactomannans n
galactomannane
(carbohydrate) Any of a class of polysaccharides, found in many gums, having a backbone composed of mannose with galactose sidechains.

galactorrhea /ɡəˌlæktəˈɹiːə/ galactorrheas n
galactorrhée
Lactation (secretion of milk from nipples) not associated with childbirth or nursing.

galactose /ɡəˈlaktəʊs/ /ɡəˈlaktəʊz/ galactoses n
galactose
(carbohydrate) A monosaccharide found, along with lactose, in dairy products, and is synthesized by the body where it is found associated with glycolipids and glycoproteins.

galangal /ɡəˈlæŋɡəl/ galangals n
galangue galanga
Any of several east Asian plants of genera Alpinia and Kaempferia in the ginger family, used as a spice, but principally Alpinia galanga.

galantamine /ɡəˈlæn.təˌmiːn/ n
galantamine

galaxy /ˈɡæl.ək.si/ galaxies n
galaxie
(galaxy) Any of the collections of many millions or billions of stars, galactic dust, black holes, etc. existing as independent and coherent systems, of which there are billions in the known universe. [from 19th c.]

galaxy cluster galaxy clusters n
amas de galaxies
(astronomy, galaxies) A cluster of hundreds of galaxies.

galaxy group galaxy groups n
groupe de galaxies

gale /ɡeɪl/ n
bois-sent-bon myrte des marais piment royal
A shrub, also called sweet gale or bog myrtle (Myrica gale), that grows on moors and fens.

galena /ɡəˈliː.nə/ galenae galenas n
galène
(mineral) A mineral, lead sulphide (PbS), mined as an ore for lead. [From circa 1600.]

galeophobia /ɡəˌliəˈfoʊbiə/ n
galéphobie
The irrational fear of sharks or dogfish.

galette /ɡəˈlɛt/ galettes n
galette
A type of flat, round cake from France.

galimatias /-ˈmæti.əs/ /ˌɡæləˈmeɪʃi.əs/ n
galimatias
nonsense, gobbledygook

gall /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ galls n
culot effronterie toupet
(uncountable) Impudence or brazenness; temerity, chutzpah.
galle
(plant disease) A blister or tumor-like growth found on the surface of plants, caused by various pathogens, especially the burrowing of insect larvae into the living tissues, such as that of the common oak gall wasp (Cynips quercusfolii).

gall /ɡɑl/ /ɡɔːl/ v
déranger exaspérer gêner troubler
(ergative) To chafe, to rub or subject to friction; to create a sore on the skin.
harceler
(transitive, figurative) To harass, to harry, often with the intent to cause injury.

gall bladder gall bladders n
vésicule biliaire
(anatomy) A pear-shaped organ that stores bile from the liver, until the body needs it for the digestion and absorption of fats in the duodenum.

gall-nut ink gall-nut inks n
encre de noix de galle

gallant /ˈɡælənt/ more gallant most gallant adj
brave
Brave, valiant, courteous, especially with regard to male attitudes towards women.

gallantry gallantries n
courage militaire galanterie
chivalrous courtliness, especially towards women

gallate gallates n
gallate
(chemistry) any salt or ester of gallic acid

galleon /ˈɡæ.li.ən/ /ˈɡæl.jən/ galleons n
galion
A large, three masted, square rigged sailing ship with at least two decks.

gallerist gallerists n
galeriste
The owner or operator of an art gallery

gallery /ˈɡæləɹi/ galleries n
galerie
An institution, building, or room for the exhibition and conservation of works of art.
An establishment that buys, sells, and displays works of art.
A roofed promenade, especially one extending along the wall of a building and supported by arches or columns on the outer side
balcon galerie
The uppermost seating area projecting from the rear or side walls of a theater, concert hall, or auditorium.

galley /ˈɡæli/ galleys gallies n
galère galée
(nautical, historical) A long, slender ship propelled primarily by oars, whether having masts and sails or not; usually a rowed warship used in the Mediterranean from the 16th century until the modern era.
cambuse
(nautical) The cookroom or kitchen and cooking apparatus of a vessel or aircraft; sometimes on merchant vessels called the caboose.

galley slave galley slaves n
galérien forçat
(historical, nautical) A slave who rows in a galley (type of ship).

gallic acid n
acide gallique
(chemistry) a phenolic carboxylic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in galls, tea, the bark of some trees etc; a constituent of tannin

gallicize /ˈɡælɪsaɪz/ v
franciser traduire en français
(transitive) To translate into the French language.

gallicolous adj
gallicole

galliform more galliform most galliform adj
galliforme
Of or pertaining to a chicken or other member of the order Galliformes.

galliform galliforms n
galliforme
Any bird in this order

gallimaufry /ɡa.lɪˈmɔː.fɹi/ gallimaufries n
galimafrée
(dated, countable, uncountable) A hash of various kinds of meats, a ragout.
(figuratively) Any absurd medley, an elaborate mishmash

gallinaceous more gallinaceous most gallinaceous adj
gallinacé
(zoology) related to the genus Gallus, poultry; notably said of the order Galliformes.

gallium /ˈɡæliəm/ n
gallium
A chemical element (symbol Ga) with an atomic number of 31; a soft bluish metal.

gallium arsenide n
arséniure de gallium
(inorganic compound) A binary compound of gallium and arsenic, GaAs, used as a semiconductor, especially in light-emitting diodes.

gallivant /ˈɡæl.ɪ.vænt/ /ˌɡæl.əˈvænt/ v
flâner
(intransitive) To roam about for pleasure without any definite plan.
conter fleurette flirter
(intransitive, obsolete) To flirt, to romance.

gallnut gallnuts n
chêne noix de galle
A gall on a tree, caused by insects, that resembles a nut.

gallon /ˈɡælən/ gallons n
gallon
A unit of volume, equivalent to eight pints
(US) one-eighth of a U.S. bushel or approximately 4.405 liters for dry goods (a "U.S. dry gallon").

gallop /ˈɡæləp/ gallops n
galop
The fastest gait of a horse, a two-beat stride during which all four legs are off the ground simultaneously.

gallop /ˈɡæləp/ v
galoper
(intransitive) To ride at a galloping pace.

gallows /ˈɡæloʊz/ /ˈɡæləs/ /ˈɡæləʊz/ gallows gallowses n
potence gibet
Wooden framework on which persons are put to death by hanging. [from 1300s]

gallows bird gallows birds n
gibier de potence pendard
(archaic) A person who deserves, or is likely, to be hanged.

gallows humor n
humour de gibet humour de potence
(American spelling, idiomatic) Comedy that still manages to be funny in the face of, and in response to, a tragic or hopeless situation.

gallstone gallstones n
calcul biliaire

galoisian adj
galoisien

galore /ɡəˈlo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡəˈloə/ /ɡəˈloː/ /ɡəˈlɔɹ/ /ɡəˈlɔː/ adj
en abondance pléthore
(postpositive) In abundance. [from late 17th c.]

galosh /ɡəˈlɒʃ/ galoshes n
galoche claque
(British) A waterproof overshoe used to provide protection from rain or snow.

galvanic /ɡælˈvænɪk/ more galvanic most galvanic adj
galvanique
Of or pertaining to galvanism; electric.

galvanically more galvanically most galvanically adv
galvaniquement
In a galvanic manner.

galvanism /ˈɡælvəˌnɪzəm/ galvanisms n
galvanisme
The chemical generation of electricity.
The (therapeutic) use of electricity directly applied to the body.

galvanization galvanizations n
galvanisation
The act or process of galvanizing.

galvanize /ˈɡælvənaɪ̯z/ v
galvaniser
(chemistry) To coat with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.
To coat with rust-resistant zinc.
(figurative) To shock or stimulate into sudden activity, as if by electric shock.

galvanocautery galvanocauteries n
galvanocautère galvanocautérisation
(surgery) Cautery by means of a knife or needle heated by a galvanic current.

galvanometer /ˌɡæl.vəˈnɑm.ət.ɚ/ /ˌɡæl.vəˈnɒm.ɪt.ə/ galvanometers n
galvanomètre
(physics) A device used to indicate the presence and direction of a small electric current, especially used to detect a null or balanced condition in a bridge circuit.

galvanometry n
galvanométrie
the design and use of galvanometers

galvanoplastic adj
galvanoplastique
Of or pertaining to galvanoplasty.

galvanoplasty n
galvanoplastie
The process of galvanizing, of coating with a thin layer of metal by electrochemical means.

gambeson /ˈɡæm.bɪ.sən/ gambesons n
gambison
(historical) A defensive garment formerly in use for the body, made of cloth stuffed and quilted, often worn as padding under armor.

gambist gambists n
violiste

gambit /ˈɡæmbɪt/ gambits n
gambit
(chess) An opening in chess in which a minor piece or a pawn is sacrificed to gain an advantage.
stratagème
Any ploy or stratagem.

gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/ gambles n
jeu de hasard pari
A significant risk, undertaken with a potential gain.

gamble /ˈɡæm.bəl/ v
hasarder parier
To take a risk, with the potential of a positive outcome.

gambler gamblers n
joueur parieur
One who plays at a game of chance, who gambles.

gambling /ˈɡæm.blɪŋ/ /ˈɡæm.bl̩.ɪŋ/ gamblings n
jeu de hasard pari
An activity characterised by a balance between winning and losing that is governed by a mixture of skill and chance, usually with money wagered on the outcome.

gambling house gambling houses n
tripot maison de jeu
A building in which gambling is done.

gamboge /-ˈboʊʒ/ /-ˈbəʊʒ/ /ɡæmˈbuʒ/ /ɡæmˈbuːʒ/ gamboges n
gomme-gutte jaune du Cambodge résine gutte
The resin of the gamboge tree; a preparation of the resin used as a pigment or for medicinal purposes. [from early 18th c.]

gambol /ˈɡæm.bəl/ gambols n
gambade
An instance of running or skipping about playfully.
An instance of more general frisking or frolicking.

gambol /ˈɡæm.bəl/ v
gambader
(intransitive) To move about playfully; to frolic.

gambrel /ˈɡæmbɹəl/ gambrels n
toit à deux pentes
(US, architecture) A gambrel roof.

game /ɡeɪm/ games n
jeu
A playful activity that may be unstructured; an amusement or pastime.
jeu vidéo
(countable) Ellipsis of video game.
jeu partie match
(countable) A particular instance of playing a game.
gibier
(uncountable) Wild animals hunted for food.

game controller game controllers n
manette
(video games) Any of various hardware devices designed to allow the user to provide input to video games.

game master game masters n
maître de jeu

game of chance games of chance n
jeu de hasard
(games, probability) A game in which the outcome is at least partly determined by random variables rather than strictly by strategy.

game of skill games of skill n
jeu d'adresse
(games) A game in which the outcome depends mainly on the physical and mental skills of the players, and only secondarily on chance.

game over /ˌɡeɪm ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˌɡeɪm ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ phraseologicalUnit
fin de jeu fin de partie game over jeu terminé partie terminée
(video games) A message signaling that the game has ended, usually because the player failed (for example by losing all of their lives) but sometimes following successful completion of the game.

game plan game plans n
plan d'action stratégie
(idiomatic) Any strategy devised to reach a given objective.

game show game shows n
jeu télévisé
(games, broadcasting) A radio or television program that involves members of the public or celebrities, whether as individuals or as part of a team, playing a game, especially one involving the answering of quiz questions, for cash or prizes.

game theory n
théorie des jeux
(mathematics, economics) A branch of applied mathematics that studies strategic situations in which individuals or organisations choose various actions in an attempt to maximize their returns.

game, set, match phraseologicalUnit
jeu, set et match
(sport, tennis) Victory at the conclusion of a tennis match.

game-filled adj
giboyeux

gameboard /ˈɡeɪm.bɔɹd/ /ˈɡeɪm.bɔːd/ gameboards n
tablier
(board games) A portable surface marked for playing a game, and on which the counters or other pieces are placed and moved.

gamebook gamebooks n
livre dont vous êtes le héros livre-jeu

gamecock gamecocks n
coq de combat
A rooster used in cockfighting.

gamekeeper gamekeepers n
garde-chasse
A person employed to maintain the game for hunting and all associated materials and effects. Often shortened to keeper.

gamepad /ˈɡeɪm.pæd/ gamepads n
manette manette de jeu
(video games) A type of game controller held in both hands and controlled with the thumbs.

gameplay /ˈɡeɪmˌpleɪ/ gameplays n
gameplay jouabilité
The totality of player experiences during a game, such as the gaming environment and the competitive interaction with other players; often with reference to a video game or a board game.

gamer /ˈɡeɪmə/ /ˈɡeɪmɚ/ gamers n
jeu vidéo joueur
A person who plays any kind of game.
A person whose hobby is video games.

gamete /ˈɡæmiːt/ gametes n
gamète cellule reproductrice
(cytology) A reproductive cell (sperm in males or eggs in females), having only half of a complete set of chromosomes.

gametophyte gametophytes n
gamétophyte
(botany) A plant (or the haploid phase in its life cycle) which produces gametes by mitosis in order to produce a zygote.

gamification gamifications n
ludification
The use of gameplay mechanics for non-game applications (as for example making work less onerous, incentivization, or pedagogy).

gamify v
ludifier
(transitive) To convert into the form of a game.

gamin /ˈɡæmɪn/ gamins n
gamin
(dated, also, attributively) A homeless boy; a male street urchin; also (more generally) , a cheeky, street-smart boy.

gamma /ˈɡæ.mə/ gammas n
gamme
gamma
The third letter of the Greek alphabet (Γ, γ), preceded by beta (Β, β) and followed by delta, (Δ, δ).

gamma function gamma functions n
fonction gamma
(analysis) A meromorphic function which generalizes the notion of factorial to complex numbers and has singularities at the nonpositive integers; any of certain generalizations or analogues of said function, such as extend the factorial to domains other than the complex numbers.

gamma globulin gamma globulins n
gammaglobuline
A class of proteins in the blood, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. The most significant gamma globulins are antibodies.

gamma ray gamma rays n
rayon gamma
Very high frequency (and therefore very high energy) electromagnetic radiation emitted as a consequence of radioactivity.

gamma-aminobutyric acid n
GABA acide γ-aminobutyrique
(biochemistry, physiology) An amino acid found in the nervous systems of vertebrates and acting as an inhibitory neurotransmitter. Abbreviated as GABA.

gamma-ray burst gamma-ray bursts n
sursaut gamma
(astronomy) A flash of gamma rays that seem to originate from a random point in the sky; their most likely sources are believed to be supernova explosions of a very massive stars and mergers of neutron stars.

gamut /ˈɡæm.ət/ /ˈɡæm.ɪt/ gamuts n
gamme palette
A (normally) complete range.
All the colours that can be presented by a device such as a monitor or printer.
gamme
(music) All the notes in a musical scale.

ganache /ɡəˈnæʃ/ /ɡəˈnɑːʃ/ ganaches n
ganache

gander /ˈɡæn.də(ɹ)/ ganders n
jars
A male goose.

gang /ɡeɪŋ/ /ɡæŋ/ gangs n
gang bande
A number going in company; a number of friends or persons associated for a particular purpose.
A group of criminals or alleged criminals who band together for mutual protection and profit.
bande gang
A criminal group with a common cultural background and identifying features, often associated with a particular section of a city.

gang rape gang rapes n
viol en réunion tournante viol collectif
A rape involving more than one perpetrator.

ganglial adj
ganglionnaire
Of or pertaining to a ganglion

gangling more gangling most gangling adj
dégingandé
Awkwardly tall and thin, ungraceful.

ganglion /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli.ən/ ganglia ganglions n
ganglion
An encapsulated collection of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber.

gangly /ˈɡæŋ.ɡli/ ganglier gangliest adj
dégingandé
Tall and thin, especially so as to cause physical awkwardness.

gangplank gangplanks n
passerelle d'embarquement
(nautical) A board used as a temporary footbridge between a ship and a dockside.

gangrene /ˈɡaŋˌɡɹiːn/ /ˈɡæŋˌɡɹin/ gangrenes n
gangrène
The necrosis or rotting of flesh, usually caused by lack of blood supply.

gangster /ˈɡæŋ.stə/ /ˈɡæŋ.stɚ/ gangsteress gangsters n
gangster bandit
A member of a criminal or street gang.

gangue /ɡæŋ/ gangues n
gangue
(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore.

gangway interjection
dégagez le passage laissez passer écartez-vous
(to a crowd) Make way! Clear a path!

gangway gangways n
passage
An articulating bridge or ramp, such as from land to a dock or a ship.
A temporary passageway, such as one made of planks.
(rare, obsolete, outside, dialects) A clear path through a crowd or a passageway with people.
passavant
(nautical) A passage along either side of a ship's upper deck.
passerelle
(nautical) A passage through the side of a ship or an opening in the railing through which the ship may be boarded.
passerelle passage
A passageway through a passenger car

gannet /ˈɡænɪt/ gannets n
fou
Any of three species of large seabird in the genus Morus, of the family Sulidae. They have black and white bodies and long pointed wings, and hunt for fish by plunge diving and pursuing their prey underwater.

gantry /ˈɡæntɹi/ gantries n
portique
A framework of steel bars resting on side supports to bridge over or around something.

gantry crane gantry cranes n
portique de manutention

gap /ɡæp/ gaps n
brèche écart
An opening in anything made by breaking or parting.
trouée lacune
An opening allowing passage or entrance.
interruption solution de continuité
A vacant space or time.
col
A mountain or hill pass.

gap /ɡæp/ v
entailler
(transitive) To notch, as a sword or knife.
entailler trouer
(transitive) To make an opening in; to breach.

gap year gap years n
année sabbatique
A yearlong break from study taken by some students on leaving school before starting university, often spent gaining work experience or travelling.

gap-toothed adj
qui a les dents du bonheur
exhibiting a gap between the teeth, especially between the two upper central incisors

gape /ˈɡeɪp/ v
béer
(intransitive) To open wide; to display a gap.
bayer béer
(intransitive, of a cat) To open the passage to the vomeronasal organ, analogous to the flehming in other animals.

gaping /ˈɡeɪpɪŋ/ more gaping most gaping adj
béant
Wide open.

garage /ɡ(ə)ɹæ(d)ʒ/ /ɡ(ə)ˈɹɑ(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈɡæ.ɹɪdʒ/ garages n
garage
A building (or section of a building) used to store a car or cars, tools and other miscellaneous items.
(chiefly, Commonwealth, dated, in, _, US) A place where cars are serviced and repaired.

garage door garage doors n
porte de garage
The large door on a garage which a car can come in through.

garage sale garage sales n
brocante vente de garage vide-grenier
A sale of used household goods in the driveway or garage of someone's home.

garam masala garam masalas n
garam masala
A mixture of spices used in Indian dishes, such as coriander, cumin, cloves, cinnamon, nutmeg, star anise, and chillis.

garb /ɡɑː(ɹ)b/ garbs n
gerbe
(heraldiccharge) A wheat sheaf.

garbage /ɡɑ(ɹ)ˈbɑːʒ/ /ˈɡɑɹbɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡɑːbɪd͡ʒ/ n
déchet ordures poubelle
Useless or disposable material; waste material of any kind.

garbage bag garbage bags n
sac poubelle sac à ordures
(North American) A plastic bag produced for the disposal of household waste.

garbage can garbage cans n
poubelle
(North America) A receptacle, usually roughly cylindrical and wider at the top than at the bottom, which serves as a place to discard waste materials.

garbage chute garbage chutes n
vide-ordures
A passage where garbage is carried to a receptacle at the bottom of a building.

garbage collect v
ramasser les miettes
(programming) To reclaim resources which are no longer in use; to run a garbage collector.

garbage collection garbage collections n
ramasse-miettes
(programming) An automatic mechanism that frees up resources (such as allocated memory) that are no longer in use.

garbage collector garbage collectors n
éboueur éboueuse
(US, Canada) A worker who removes refuse.
glaneur de cellules ramasse-miettes récupérateur de mémoire
(programming) An algorithm, procedure or thread dedicated to garbage collection: reclaiming resources which are no longer in use.

garbage disposal garbage disposals n
broyeur d'évier
An electric device in a kitchen drain that gets rid of food waste by shredding it to tiny bits that can be washed away.

garbage truck garbage trucks n
camion poubelle benne à ordures ménagères
(US, Canada) A vehicle for the collection and removal of domestic waste

garble /ˈɡɑː(ɹ)bəl/ v
déformer brouiller
To pick out such parts (of a text) as may serve a purpose; to mutilate; to pervert.

garboard garboards n
gabord
(nautical) The board on a boat which attaches to the keel running fore and aft along the bottom.

garbure garbures n
garbure
A thick French stew of ham with cabbage and other vegetables and usually cheese and stale bread.

garden /-n̩/ /ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˈɡɑːdən/ gardens n
jardin
An outdoor area containing one or more types of plants, usually plants grown for food or ornamental purposes.
(Britain, Ireland, Appalachia) The grounds at the front or back of a house.
parc jardin public jardin
(in the plural) Such an ornamental place to which the public have access.

garden /-n̩/ /ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˈɡɑːdən/ v
jardiner
(intransitive, chiefly, North America) To grow plants in a garden; to create or maintain a garden.

garden balsam n
balsamine
Impatiens balsamina, an annual flowering plant native to southern Asia.

garden chervil n
cerfeuil
The umbelliferous plant Anthriscus cerefolium.

garden cress /ˈɡɑːdn̩ kɹɛs/ garden cresses n
cresson alénois
(uncountable) The pungent leaves of the plant, used in salads.

garden dormouse garden dormice n
lérot
A rodent in the Gliridae (dormouse) family, Eliomys quercinus, native to parts of Europe, especially southern Europe.

garden gnome garden gnomes n
nain de jardin
A small statue of a gnome used as a garden ornament.

garden party garden parties n
garden-party
A party held on a lawn or in a park, usually more formal than a picnic or barbecue.

garden shed garden sheds n
abri de jardin
A toolshed in a garden or allotment, holding gardening equipment.

garden warbler garden warblers n
fauvette des jardins
Sylvia borin, a plain, but common warbler, Sylvia borin, that breeds in Europe and western Asia, wintering in sub-Saharan Africa.

gardener /ˈɡɑɹd.nɚ/ /ˈɡɑɹd.n̩.ɚ/ /ˈɡɑːd.nə/ /ˈɡɑːd.n̩.ə/ gardeners n
jardinier jardinière
One who gardens; one who grows plants or cultivates a garden.

gardenia /ɡɑɹˈdinjə/ /ɡɑːˈdiːnjə/ gardenias n
gardénia
Any of various tropical evergreen small trees or shrubs, of the genus Gardenia, having glossy leaves and white flowers.

gardening gardenings n
jardinage horticulture
The process or action of cultivating the soil, particularly in a garden; the care of a garden; horticulture.

garfish garfish garfishes n
orphie
(especially, UK, Ireland) Any fish of the needlefish family Belonidae, with a long narrow body and needle-shaped jaws, especially the European species Belone belone.

garganey garganeys n
sarcelle d'été
A small dabbling duck, Anas querquedula, that breeds in much of Europe and western Asia, and winters in Africa.

gargantuan /ɡɑɹˈɡæn.t͡ʃu.ən/ more gargantuan most gargantuan adj
gargantuesque
Huge; immense; tremendous.
(obsolete) Of the giant Gargantua or his appetite.

gargle /ˈɡɑɹɡəl/ gargles n
gargarisme
A liquid used for gargling.

gargle /ˈɡɑɹɡəl/ v
gargariser
(intransitive) to clean one's mouth by holding water or some other liquid in the back of the mouth and blowing air out from the lungs
faire des gargarismes gargariser
(transitive) to use (a liquid) for purposes of cleaning one's mouth or throat by gargling.

gargoyle /ˈɡɑɹ.ɡɔɪl/ /ˈɡɑː.ɡɔɪl/ gargoyles n
gargouille
A carved grotesque figure on a spout which conveys water away from the gutters.
Any decorative carved grotesque figure on a building.
A fictional winged monster.

gargoylishness /ˈɡɑːɹɡɔɪlɪʃnəs/ n
gargouillesquité

garish /ˈɡɛəɹɪʃ/ more garish most garish adj
voyant criard tape-à-l'œil
Overly ostentatious; so colourful as to be in bad taste. [from 1540s]

garland /ˈɡaː.lənd/ /ˈɡɑɹ.lənd/ /ˈɡɑː.lənd/ garlands n
guirlande
A circular or linear decoration, especially one of plaited flowers or leaves, worn on the body or draped as a decoration.

garlic /ˈɡɑɹlɪk/ /ˈɡɑːlɪk/ garlics n
ail
A plant, Allium sativum, related to the onion, having a pungent bulb much used in cooking.

garlic bread garlic breads n
pain à l'ail chapon
A type of bread topped with garlic, often served with pasta dishes.

garlic mustard n
alliaire alliaire officinale herbe à ail
A woodland herb (Alliaria petiolata) that has a garlic-like aroma, considered highly invasive in New World.

garlic press garlic presses n
presse-ail
A utensil used to crush garlic

garlicky /ˈɡɑɹlɪki/ /ˈɡɑːlɪki/ garlickier garlickiest more garlicky most garlicky adj
alliacé
Tasting or smelling of garlic.

garment /ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ /ˈɡɑː.mənt/ garments n
vêtement
A single item of clothing.

garner /ˈɡɑː.nə/ /ˈɡɑːɹ.nɚ/ garners n
grenier
A granary; a store of grain.

garner /ˈɡɑː.nə/ /ˈɡɑːɹ.nɚ/ v
rassembler
engranger
To reap grain, gather it up, and store it in a granary.

garnet /ˈɡɑː(ɹ).nət/ garnets n
grenat
(mineral) A hard transparent mineral that is often used as gemstones and abrasives.
A dark red color, like that of the gemstone.

garnierite garnierites n
garniérite

garnish /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ garnishes n
garniture
Something added for embellishment.
(cookery) Something set round or upon a dish as an embellishment.

garnish /ˈɡɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈɡɑːnɪʃ/ v
garnir

garniture garnitures n
garniture
Something that garnishes; a decoration, adornment or embellishment

garret /ˈɡæɹɪt/ /ˈɡɛɹɪt/ garrets n
galetas
An attic or semi-finished room just beneath the roof of a house.

garrigue /ɡəˈriːɡ/ garrigues n
garrigue
A type of low scrubland found on limestone soils in southern France and other parts of the Mediterranean Basin.

garrison /ˈɡæɹ.ɪ.sən/ /ˈɡɛɹ.ə.sən/ garrisons n
garnison
A permanent military post.

garrulity /ɡəˈɹu.lɪ.ti/ garrulities n
loquacité
The state or characteristic of being garrulous.

garter /ˈɡɑːtə/ /ˈɡɑːɹtɚ/ garters n
jarretière jarretelle
A band worn around the leg to hold up a sock or stocking.

garum garums n
garum
A fermented fish sauce popular as a condiment in Ancient Rome.

garçon /ɡɑː(ɹ)ˈsɒn/ /ɡɑː(ɹ)ˈsɒ̃/ garçons n
garçon
A male waiter (especially at a French restaurant).

gas /ɡæs/ /ɡæz/ gases gasses n
gaz
(uncountable, chemistry) Matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma that can be contained only if it is fully surrounded by a solid (or in a bubble of liquid, or held together by gravitational pull); it can condense into a liquid, or can (rarely) become a solid directly by deposition.
(uncountable) A flammable gaseous hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon mixture used as a fuel, e.g. for cooking, heating, electricity generation or as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles, especially natural gas.
(countable, chemistry) A chemical element or compound in such a state.
(countable) A hob on a gas cooker.
essence
(uncountable, North America, New Zealand) Gasoline, a light derivative of petroleum used as fuel.
marrant
(slang, dated) A humorous or entertaining event, person or thing.
balle rapide boulet boulet de canon missile
(baseball) A fastball.

gas /ɡæs/ /ɡæz/ v
gazer
(transitive) To attack or kill with poison gas.

gas chamber gas chambers n
chambre à gaz
A sealed chamber in which people are executed with poison gas.

gas cylinder gas cylinders n
bonbonne de gaz
A cylindrical vessel capable of containing a compressed gas at high pressure. Sometimes used as the fuel tank for an autogas vehicle.

gas giant gas giants n
géante gazeuse
(astronomy) A large planet composed mostly of gaseous hydrogen and helium, along with methane and ammonia; possibly with a solid core.

gas guzzler gas guzzlers n
gouffre
(informal) A vehicle that consumes a large amount of fuel.

gas mantle gas mantles n
manchon à incandescence
The incandescent gauze (mantle) surrounding the flame in a gas lamp, which contains rare earths to enhance the light output.

gas mark gas marks n
thermostat

gas mask /ɡæs mæsk/ /ɡæs mɑːsk/ gas masks n
masque à gaz masque anti-gaz
A covering for the face with a filter to protect the user from poison gas.

gas meter gas meters n
compteur de gaz compteur à gaz
A meter which measures the amount of gas supplied to a property via a gas main. In rented properties, it may be coin-operated.

gas pipeline gas pipelines n
gazoduc

gas plant gas plants n
buisson ardent dictame blanc fraxinelle
A fragrant perennial in the rue family, Dictamnus albus, that gives off so much volatile essential oil that it sometimes can be lit and will burn briefly without harming the plant.

gas pump gas pumps n
pompe à essence
(North America) A device at a gas station that dispenses gasoline.

gas station gas stations n
station-service essencerie poste d'essence
(North America, New Zealand, Philippines) filling station / petrol station; an establishment which sells gasoline (petrol) and often also diesel

gas tank gas tanks n
réservoir réservoir à essence
(US) A fuel tank for gasoline built into equipment, especially vehicles.

gas turbine gas turbines n
turbine à gaz de combustion
An internal combustion engine consisting of a compressor, a combustion chamber, and a turbine, where the turbine mechanically powers the compressor.

gasconade /ɡæskəˈneɪd/ gasconades n
gasconnade
Boastful talk.

gasconade /ɡæskəˈneɪd/ v
gasconner
(obsolete, derogatory) To talk boastfully.

gaseous /ˈɡæʃəs/ more gaseous most gaseous adj
gazeux
Relating to, or existing as gas (matter in an intermediate state between liquid and plasma).
Of a liquid containing bubbles: gassy.

gash /ɡæʃ/ gashes n
entaille
A deep cut.

gasholder gasholders n
gazomètre

gasifier gasifiers n
gazéificateur
An apparatus used to perform gasification.

gasify v
gazéifier
To convert into gas, or an aeriform fluid, as by the application of heat, or by chemical processes.

gasket /ˈɡæs.kɪt/ gaskets n
garcette
(sailing) A length of rope or canvas band used for reefing a sail, or holding a stowed sail in place.
joint
(mechanics) Any mechanical seal that serves to fill the space between two objects, generally to prevent leakage between the two objects while under compression.

gaslight /ˈɡæslaɪt/ /ˈɡæsˌlaɪt/ gaslights n
bec de gaz
A lamp which operates by burning piped illuminating gas (or town gas).

gaslight /ˈɡæslaɪt/ /ˈɡæsˌlaɪt/ v
manipuler
(chiefly, transitive) To manipulate someone such that they doubt their own memory, perceptions of reality, or sanity, typically for malevolent#Adjective reasons.

gasman gasmen n
gazier
(colloquial) A worker for a company that supplies gas (in the sense of the gaseous fuel), especially one who visits premises to read the meter, test appliances etc.

gasoline /ɡæsl̩ˈin/ /ɡæsˈlin/ /ˈɡæs.ə.liːn/ [ɡæsɵˈlin] [ɡæˈsɵlin] gasolines n
essence gazoline
(uncountable, North America) A flammable liquid consisting of a mixture of refined petroleum hydrocarbons, mainly used as a motor fuel; petrol.

gasp /ɡæsp/ /ɡɑːsp/ gasps n
halètement
A short, sudden intake of breath.

gasp /ɡæsp/ /ɡɑːsp/ v
haleter ahaner retenir son souffle
(intransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion; to respire with heaving of the breast; to pant.

gassy /ˈɡæsi/ gassier gassiest adj
gazeux
(specifically, of a beverage) Containing dissolved gas (usually carbon dioxide); fizzy.

gastric /ˈɡæstɹɪk/ adj
gastrique
Of or relating to the stomach.

gastric acid gastric acids n
suc gastrique acide gastrique
(biochemistry) The acidic secretion of the stomach; mostly hydrochloric acid.

gastric band gastric bands n
anneau gastrique

gastritis gastritides n
gastrite
(pathology) Inflammation of the lining of the stomach, characterised by nausea, loss of appetite, and upper abdominal discomfort or pain.

gastro- /ˈɡæstɹoʊ-/ /ˈɡæstɹəʊ-/ prefix
gastro-
of or relating to the stomach
of or relating to cooking

gastrocnemious adj
gastrocnémien
(anatomy) relating to the gastrocnemius

gastrocnemius /ˌɡæstɹəkˈniːmiəs/ gastrocnemii n
gastrocnémien
The muscle at the back of the calf, whose insertion is the Achilles tendon at the heel.

gastroduodenal adj
gastroduodénal
(anatomy) Relating to, or connecting the stomach and the duodenum

gastroduodenojejunal adj
gastroduodénojéjunal

gastroenteritis gastroenterites gastroenteritides n
gastro-entérite
(medicine) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestine; often caused by an infection.

gastroenterology n
gastro-entérologie
(medicine) The study of the digestive system, from the mouth to the anus; may also include the study of accessory organs: pancreas, liver, gallbladder and bile ducts.

gastroesophageal reflux n
reflux
(pathology) Ellipsis of gastroesophageal reflux disease.: chronic symptoms or mucosal damage produced by the abnormal reflux in the esophagus.

gastrointestinal /ˌɡæstɹoʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/ /ˌɡæstɹəʊɪnˈtɛstɪnəl/ adj
gastrointestinal
Of or pertaining to the stomach and intestines, and thus to digestion.

gastronomic adj
gastronomique
Of or pertaining to gastronomy.

gastronomy /ɡæˈstɹɒnəmi/ gastronomies n
gastronomie
The study of the relationship between food and culture.

gastroparesis gastropareses n
gastroparésie
(pathology) A condition, often a complication of diabetes, characterised by a delayed emptying of the stomach.

gastropod /ˈɡæstɹəˌpɑd/ gastropods n
gastéropode
Any member of a class of mollusks (Gastropoda) that includes snails and slugs; univalve mollusk.

gastroptosis gastroptoses n
ptose de l'estomac
(medicine) An abnormal downward displacement of the stomach.

gastroschisis /ɡæˈstrɑs.kə.səs/ gastroschises n
laparoschisis

gastroscopy gastroscopies n
gastroscopie
An examination of esophagus, stomach and duodenum using endoscope.

gastrulate v
gastruler

gastrulation gastrulations n
gastrulation
(embryology, biology) The stage of embryo development at which a gastrula is formed from the blastula by the inward migration of cells.

gasworker gasworkers n
gazier gazière
Someone who works in a gasworks

gasworks gasworks n
usine à gaz
A factory where gas is generated or distributed (whether for industrial consumption or for residential distribution), as:

gat /ɡæt/ gats n
flingue
(originally, _, 1920s gangster, _, slang) Any type of gun, usually a pistol.

gate /ɡeɪt/ gates n
porte portail
A doorlike structure outside a house.
porte
Doorway, opening, or passage in a fence or wall.
Passageway (as in an air terminal) where passengers can embark or disembark.
porte logique
(computing) A logical pathway made up of switches which turn on or off. Examples are and, or, nand, etc.
grille
A tally mark consisting of four vertical bars crossed by a diagonal, representing a count of five.

gateau gateaus gateaux n
gâteau
(mostly, UK) A rich, usually iced, cake.

gatecrash /ˈɡeɪtkɹaʃ/ v
incruster resquiller taper l'incruste
To attend a social event without having been invited, or without having paid.

gatecrasher gatecrashers n
incruste pique-assiette resquilleur resquilleuse
(slang) A person who enters some event without a ticket or invitation, either by stealth or by deception.

gated community gated communities n
quartier fermé résidence fermée
A residential area with restricted access, such as by a locked gate or guard post.

gatekeeper /ˈɡeɪt.ki.pɚ/ /ˈɡeɪt.kiː.pə/ gatekeepers n
gardien gardienne
A person who guards or monitors passage through a gate.

gateway /ˈɡeɪtˌweɪ/ gateways n
transition
porte passerelle
An entrance capable of being blocked by use of a gate.
gateway passerelle
(digital communications) In wireless internet, an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP, which may also provide VPN support, roaming, firewalls, various levels of security, etc.

gatha gathas n
gâthâ gāthā
(Buddhism) A poem or mantra, especially one recited mentally as part of meditation or mindfulness practice.

gather /ˈɡæðə/ /ˈɡæðɚ/ v
ramasser
Especially, to harvest food.
To bring parts of a whole closer.
rassembler assembler
(intransitive) To congregate, or assemble.
rassembler ramasser recueillir
(architecture) To bring together, or nearer together, in masonry, as for example where the width of a fireplace is rapidly diminished to the width of the flue.
déduire
To infer or conclude; to know from a different source.

gather dust v
prendre la poussière

gatherer gatherers n
cueilleur glaneur glaneuse ramasseur ramasseuse
A person who gathers things.

gathering /ˈɡæð.ə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈɡæð.ɚ.ɪŋ/ gatherings n
rassemblement réunion rencontre
A meeting or get-together; a party or social function.
rassemblement assemblée groupe
A group of people or things.
cahier
(bookbinding) A section, a group of bifolios, or sheets of paper, stacked together and folded in half.

gattopardism n
gattopardisme

gauche /ɡaʊʃ/ /ɡoʊʃ/ /ɡəʊʃ/ more gauche most gauche adj
gauche
Awkward or lacking in social graces; bumbling.

gaucho /ˈɡaʊt͡ʃoʊ/ gauchoes gauchos n
gaucho
A cowboy of the South American pampas.

gaudy /ˈɡɑ.di/ /ˈɡɔ.di/ /ˈɡɔː.di/ gaudier gaudiest adj
criard kitsch surfait voyant vulgaire
Very showy or ornamented, now especially when excessive, or in a tasteless or vulgar manner.

gauge /ˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ gauges n
gabarit
A measure; a standard of measure; an instrument to determine dimensions, distance, or capacity; a standard
étalon
Any instrument for ascertaining or regulating the level, state, dimensions or forms of things

gauge /ˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/ v
mesurer
(transitive) To measure or determine with a gauge; to measure the capacity of.
estimer jauger
(transitive) To appraise the character or ability of; to judge of.

gauge boson gauge bosons n
boson de jauge
(particle) Any of the fundamental particles that carry the fundamental forces of nature.

gaugino gauginos n
gaugino
(physics) Any of a series of hypothetical particles that are the superpartners of gauge bosons

gauleiter /ˈɡaʊlaɪtə/ gauleiters n
gauleiter
(historical) An official in charge of a district of Nazi Germany.

gaultherin n
gaulthérine

gaunt /ɡɑːnt/ /ɡɔːnt/ gaunter gauntest adj
maigre osseux anguleux
Lean, angular, and bony.
émacié
Haggard, drawn, and emaciated.

gauntlet /ˈɡɔːnt.lət/ gauntlets n
gantelet
Protective armor for the hands, formerly thrown down as a challenge to combat.
parcours du combattant
(figuratively) Any challenging, difficult, or painful ordeal, often one performed for atonement or punishment.

gaur /ɡaʊə/ /ɡaʊəɹ/ gaur gaurs n
gaur
An Asian species of wild bovine (Bos gaurus), of large size and an untamable disposition.

gauze /ɡɔːz/ gauzes n
gaze
A thin fabric with a loose, open weave.
(medicine) A similar bleached cotton fabric used as a surgical dressing.

gavage /ɡæˈvɑːʒ/ /ɡəˈvɑːʒ/ n
gavage
A process of force-feeding a goose for foie gras
(medicine) Feeding by means of a tube passed into the stomach

gavel /ˈɡa.vəl/ /ˈɡæ.vəl/ gavels n
marteau
A wooden mallet, used by a courtroom judge, or by a committee chairman, struck against a sounding block to quieten those present, or by an auctioneer to accept the highest bid at auction.

gavial /ˈɡeɪ.vi.əl/ gavials n
gavial gavial du Gange
The crocodilian Gavialis gangeticus; any species of the family Gavialidae.

gavotte gavottes n
gavotte
A French dance, in either 4/4 or 2/2 time.

gaw /ɡɔː/ interjection
nom d'un chien parbleu sacrebleu
An expletive, expressing disbelief, horror, or disdain

gawk /ɡɑk/ /ɡɔːk/ v
badauder bayer aux corneilles béer
To stare or gape stupidly.

gawky /ˈɡɔːki/ gawkier gawkiest adj
godiche maladroit
Awkward, ungainly; lacking grace or dexterity in movement.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gayer gayest adj
gay gai homo
(colloquial) Not heterosexual, or not cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.
(loosely, of appearance or behavior) Being in accordance with stereotypes of gay people, especially gay men.
ringard
(slang, pejorative) Used to express dislike: lame, uncool, stupid, burdensome, contemptible, generally bad.
gai gaie
(dated) Happy, joyful, and lively.
gai
(dated) Festive, bright, or colourful.

gay /ɡeɪ/ gays n
gay gai homo
(now, _, chiefly, in plural) A homosexual, especially a male homosexual.

gay bar gay bars n
bar gay
A tavern or similar nightclub whose primary clientele are lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people.

gay man gay men n
gay
A homosexual man. (This entry is a translation hub.)

gay marriage gay marriages n
mariage homosexuel mariage gay mariage pour tous
Marriage between two people of the same sex.

gay pride n
Fierté Gaie Gay Pride
A feeling of pride in one's homosexuality; embrace of a positive gay identity and rejection of shame imposed by homophobia.

gay rights n
droits des homosexuels
The concept that people of minority sexual orientations such as homosexuality (gay people), are entitled to the same rights and considerations as heterosexuals.

gay-friendly more gay-friendly most gay-friendly adj
gay-friendly
(of a venue) Open to, but not necessarily aimed at, gay people.

gay-straight alliance gay-straight alliances n
alliance gay-hétéro
A school- or community-based organization intended to provide a safe and supportive environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer youth, as well as their straight supporters.

gaydar /ˈɡeɪdɑː/ /ˈɡeɪˌdɑɹ/ gaydars n
gaydar
(slang) The supposed ability to detect whether or not a person is gay by observing that person's appearance, mannerisms, etc. [from early 1980s]

gaze /ɡeɪz/ /ˈɡæɪz/ v
fixer
(intransitive) To stare intently or earnestly.

gazebo /ɡəˈziːboʊ/ /ɡəˈziːbəʊ/ gazeboes gazebos n
kiosque gloriette pavillon
A belvedere, either a type of summer-house or a roofed, detached porch-like structure, usually in a yard, park or lawn.

gazelle /ɡəˈzɛl/ gazelle gazelles n
gazelle
An antelope of either of the genera Gazella (mostly native to Africa) or Procapra (native to Asia), capable of running at high speeds for long periods.

gazetteer gazetteers n
gazetier index géographique
A geographic dictionary or index.

gazpacho /ɡəsˈpæt͡ʃəʊ/ /ɡəsˈpɑːt͡ʃəʊ/ gazpachos n
gaspacho
A cold soup of Spanish origin, made with olive oil, vinegar and raw vegetables such as tomatoes, garlic, onion, cucumber and sweet peppers.

gcd gcds n
PGCD PGDC
(mathematics) Initialism of greatest common divisor.

gear /ɡɪə(ɹ)/ /ɡɪɚ/ gears n
matos matériel panoplie
(uncountable) Equipment or paraphernalia, especially that used for an athletic endeavor.
engrenage
(countable, automotive, cycling) A particular combination or choice of interlocking gears, such that a particular gear ratio is achieved.
vitesse
(countable, automotive) A configuration of the transmission of a motor car so as to achieve a particular ratio of engine to axle torque.

gear /ɡɪə(ɹ)/ /ɡɪɚ/ v
passer ses vitesses
(engineering, transitive) To provide with gearing; to fit with gears in order to achieve a desired gear ratio.

gear lever gear levers n
levier de vitesses
(British) The lever used to change gears in a motor car.

gear ratio gear ratios n
rapport d'engrenage rapport de transmission rapport de vitesses angulaires
The ratio of the speeds of rotation of the initial and final gears in a gear train.

gear shift gear shifts n
levier de vitesse
(automotive) That part of a gearbox involved in changing gear, including the lever and the forks attached to it.

gear train gear trains n
train d'engrenages
(mechanical engineering) A system of interconnected gears.

gear wheel /ɡɪə(ɹ) ʍiːl/ /ɡɪɚ ʍil/ gear wheels n
roue dentée engrenage pignon
(mechanics) A wheel with a toothed rim, intended to engage with others, or similar equipment, to form a gear.

gearbox gearboxes n
boite de vitesse boîte de vitesses
That part of a car's transmission containing the train of gears, and to which the gear lever is connected.

gecko /ˈɡɛ.koʊ/ /ˈɡɛ.kəʊ/ geckoes geckos n
gecko
Any lizard of the family Gekkonidae. They are small, carnivorous, mostly nocturnal animals with large eyes and adhesive toes enabling them to climb on vertical and upside-down surfaces.

gee /ˈd͡ʒiː/ gees n
gé
The name of the Latin-script letter G.

gee /ˈd͡ʒiː/ v
hue
(intransitive) Of a horse, pack animal, etc.: to move forward; go faster; or turn in a direction away from the driver, typically to the right.

geek /ɡiːk/ geeks n
geek
(colloquial) A person who is intensely interested in a particular field or hobby and often having limited or nonstandard social skills. Often used with an attributive noun.
(colloquial, by extension) An expert in a technical field, particularly one having to do with computers.

geeky /ˈɡiːki/ geekier geekiest adj
technoïde
Resembling or characteristic of a geek.

geez /d͡ʒiːz/ interjection
Dieu Sainte Vierge bon sang ciel mon Dieu
(euphemistic) An exclamation denoting surprise or frustration.

geezer /ˈɡizɚ/ /ˈɡiːzə/ geezers n
mec bougre gars
(informal, chiefly, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, dated) A male person.
vieillard gros
(informal, chiefly, North America, sometimes, mildly, derogatory) An old person, usually a male, typically a cranky old man.

gegenschein /ˈɡeɪ.ɡənˌʃaɪn/ gegenscheins n
gegenschein lueur anti-solaire

geisha /ˈɡeɪ.ʃə/ geisha geishas n
geisha
A Japanese female entertainer skilled in various arts such as tea ceremony, dancing, singing and calligraphy.

gel /d͡ʒɛl/ [d͡ʒɛɫ] gels n
gel
A semi-solid to almost solid colloid of a solid and a liquid, such as jelly, cheese or opal.
Any gel intended for a particular cosmetic use, such as for styling the hair.

gel pen gel pens n
stylo gel stylo roller
A pen which uses ink in which pigment is suspended in a water-based gel.

gelada /dʒəˈlɑːdə/ geladas n
gélada
Any of species Theropithecus gelada of Old World monkeys, distinguished from baboons by the bright patch of skin on their chests.

gelatin /ˈd͡ʒɛlətiːn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛlətɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛləʔ.n̩/ gelatins n
gélatine
A protein derived through partial hydrolysis of the collagen extracted from animal skin, bones, cartilage, ligaments, etc.
An edible jelly made from this material.

gelatinous /dʒəˈlæt.ɪn.əs/ /ˈdʒɛl.ə.tɪn.əs/ more gelatinous most gelatinous adj
gélatineux
Jelly-like.

gelation /d͡ʒɪˈleɪʃən/ gelations n
congélation
The formation of a solid by cooling; freezing.

gelato /dʒəˈlɑːtəʊ/ /d͡ʒəˈlɑtoʊ/ gelati gelatos n
gelato glace à l'italienne
An Italian variant of ice cream made from milk and sugar, combined with other flavourings. The ingredients are supercooled while stirring to break up ice crystals as they form.

gelbstoff /ˈɡɛlpʃtɔf/ n
coloration des matières organiques dissoutes dans l'eau
(hydrology, oceanography) The optically measurable component of dissolved organic matter in water, which primarily occurs naturally from tannin released from decaying detritus. As the amount of organic matter increases, it causes the water to appear green, yellow-green, and then brown. [from 1966]

gelding /ˈɡɛldɪŋ/ geldings n
hongre
A castrated male horse.
Any castrated male animal.

gelid /ˈd͡ʒɛl.əd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛl.ɪd/ more gelid most gelid adj
froid glacial glacé
Very cold; icy or frosty.

gelotology /ˌd͡ʒɛləˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒɛləˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
gélotologie
(psychology, physiology) The study of humour and laughter, and its effects on the body. [from 1964]

gem /d͡ʒɛm/ /d͡ʒɪm/ gems n
pierre précieuse joyau
A precious stone, usually of substantial monetary value or prized for its beauty or shine.
merle blanc oiseau rare
(figuratively) Any precious or highly valued thing or person.

geminal diamine geminal diamines n
diamine géminé
(organic chemistry) An aminal.

geminate /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪneɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnət/ adj
gémine
Forming a pair.
géminée
(phonology, of a consonant) Pronounced longer and considered as being doubled.

geminate /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪneɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛmɪnət/ geminates n
géminée
(phonology) A doubled or repeated letter or speech sound.

gemination /ˌd͡ʒɛm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌd͡ʒɛm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ geminations n
gémination
(phonetics) The phenomenon of a consonant being pronounced for an audibly longer period of time than is normal; an instance of such lengthened pronunciation.

gemmotherapy gemmotherapies n
gemmothérapie

gemmule /ˈd͡ʒɛmjuːl/ /ˈd͡ʒɛˌm(j)ul/ gemmules n
gemmule
(specifically, zoology) A small gemma or bud of dormant embryonic cells produced by some freshwater sponges (phylum Porifera) that develops into a new sponge.

gemstone /ˈd͡ʒɛmˌstoʊn/ gemstones n
pierre précieuse gemme joyau
A gem, usually made of minerals.

genal adj
génal
(anatomy) Of or relating to the cheeks

gendarme /ʒɑn.ˈdɑɹm/ /ʒɒn.ˈdɑːm/ gendarmes gensdarmes n
gendarme
A member of the gendarmerie, a military body charged with police duties.

gendarmerie /ˈʒɑn.dɑɹ.mə.ɹi/ /ˈʒɒn.dɑː.mə.ɹi/ gendarmeries n
gendarmerie
A military body charged with police duties among the civilian population.

gender /ˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ genders n
sexe
genre
(obsolete) Class; kind. [14th–19th c.]
(grammar) A division of nouns and pronouns (and sometimes of other parts of speech) into masculine or feminine, and sometimes other categories like neuter or common, and animate or inanimate. [from 14th c.]
Identification as a man, a woman, or something else, and association with a (social) role or set of behavioral and cultural traits, clothing, etc; a category to which a person belongs on this basis. (Compare gender role, gender identity.) [from 20th c.]

gender /ˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ v
genrer
(sociology) To assign a gender to (a person); to perceive as having a gender; to address using terms (pronouns, nouns, adjectives...) that express a certain gender.

gender binary gender binaries n
binarité de genre

gender dysphoria gender dysphorias n
dysphorie de genre
A profound and persistent unhappiness caused by having characteristics (body parts, clothing, etc) of, or being perceived as, a gender different from one's gender identity, experienced especially by transgender people.

gender expression gender expressions n
expression de genre

gender gap gender gaps n
disparité entre les sexes fossé entre les sexes inégalité entre les sexes écart entre les sexes
A measurable difference between the pay, status, political preferences etc. of men and women.

gender identity /-ɪ.ɾi/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.də aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.ti/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ aɪˈdɛɾ̃.ə.ɾi/ [-ɪ.ɾi] [ˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ aɪˈdɛn.ə.ɾi] gender identities n
identité de genre identité sexuelle
(psychology) An individual's internal sense of self as belonging to a particular gender or genders, or to no gender.

gender identity disorder gender identity disorders n
trouble de l'identité de genre
A condition in which the patient experiences significant gender dysphoria: the diagnostic classification most commonly applied to transgender/transsexual people.

gender ideology gender ideologies n
idéologie du genre

gender incongruence n
incongruence de genre incongruité de genre

gender reveal gender reveals n
gender reveal
(mostly, US, often, attributive) An event at which the sex of an expected baby is revealed to family and friends as being either male or female, often by means of a cake, balloons, etc., coloured blue for male or pink for female.

gender role gender roles n
rôle de genre

gender studies n
études de genre
An academic discipline which analyses constructions of gender and sexuality in society (with reference to other sociological characteristics like class, education, ethnicity, nationality, religion, etc.).

gender-blind /ˈdʒɛndəˌblaɪnd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛndɚˌblaɪnd/ more gender-blind most gender-blind adj
genderblind
Having the quality of ignoring gender, such as organizations that accept and/or house people together without discriminating on the basis of gender.

gender-neutral more gender-neutral most gender-neutral adj
unigenre
Not having, indicating, or being restricted on the basis of, gender.
épicène
(grammar) In particular, in languages where words are assigned to one grammatical gender or another: lacking such an assignment.

gendercide gendercides n
gendercide
The killing of people because of their gender.

genderfluid adj
genderfluid genre-fluide
(LGBT) Not having a fixed gender; having a gender which changes from time to time.

genderflux adj
genderflux

genderqueer adj
genderqueer
(LGBT) Not exclusively male or female; having or pertaining to a gender identity which is not represented by the gender binary.

gene /d͡ʒiːn/ genes n
gène
(genetics) A theoretical unit of heredity of living organisms; a gene may take several values and in principle predetermines a precise trait of an organism's form (phenotype), such as hair color.

gene expression gene expressions n
expression des gènes expression génique expression génétique
(genetics) The transcription and translation of a gene into messenger RNA and thus into a protein.

gene therapy gene therapies n
thérapie génique
Any of several therapies involving the insertion of genes into a patient's cells in order to replace defective ones.

genealogical more genealogical most genealogical adj
généalogique
of or relating to genealogy.

genealogist /ˈdʒiː.niːˌæl.ə.dʒɪst/ genealogists n
généalogiste
A person who studies or practises genealogy, an expert in genealogy.

genealogy /ˌdʒiːniˈælədʒi/ /ˌdʒiːniˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈælədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒiniˈɑlədʒi/ genealogies n
généalogie
(countable) The descent of a person, family, or group from an ancestor or ancestors; lineage or pedigree.
(countable) A record or table of such descent; a family tree.
(uncountable) The study, and formal recording of such descents.

general /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹəl/ more general most general adj
générale
général communal
Including or involving every part or member of a given or implied entity, whole etc.; as opposed to specific or particular. [from 13th c.]
général en chef
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Applied to a person (as a postmodifier or a normal preceding adjective) to indicate supreme rank, in civil or military titles, and later in other terms; pre-eminent. [from 14th c.]
général universal
Prevalent or widespread among a given class or area; common, usual. [from 14th c.]
d'ensemble
Giving or consisting of only the most important aspects of something, ignoring minor details; indefinite. [from 16th c.]
général
Not of a specific class; miscellaneous. [from 16th c.]

general /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹəl/ generals n
général
(military ranks) The holder of a senior military title, originally designating the commander of an army and now a specific rank falling under field marshal (in the British army) and below general of the army or general of the air force in the US army and air forces. [from 16th c.]

general anesthesia general anesthesias n
anesthésie générale
(American spelling, medicine) A type of anesthesia that causes loss of sensation to the whole body, usually to the point of unconsciousness.

general assembly general assemblies n
assemblée générale
Formal meeting of all members of an organization.

general election general elections n
élections générales
An election, usually held at regular intervals, in which candidates are elected in all or most constituencies or electoral districts of a nation.

general knowledge /ˈdʒɛnəɹəl ˈnɑlɪdʒ/ /ˈdʒɛnɹəl ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n
culture générale
The wide body of information that a person acquires from education and from life, much of which may be trivial.

general ledger general ledgers n
grand livre
(business, accounting) The central accounting record of a company or organization consisting of the accounts that support the value items shown in the major financial statements.

general officer general officers n
officier général

general partnership general partnerships n
société en nom collectif
A business partnership in which each partner is liable for the firm's debts.

general practitioner general practitioners n
médecin généraliste médecin traitant
A physician who provides primary care; treating acute and chronic illnesses and providing preventive care and health education; a family doctor.

general public n
grand public
Those members of the public who have no special role in a particular area, such as an airport, hospital or railway station; there will typically be restrictions on their access.

general relativity n
relativité générale
(relativity) A theory extending special relativity and uniformly accounting for gravity and accelerated frames of reference, postulating that space-time curves in the presence of mass.

general staff general staffs n
état-major
(military) A group of officers in charge of an army under the control of the commander-in-chief.

general store general stores n
grand magasin magasin général
A store which sells a large variety of useful things, without specializing highly in any particular type of merchandise, and which is not departmentalized.

general strike general strikes n
grève générale
A coordinated work stoppage by a substantial proportion of the workers of a particular city, region or state, normally to achieve economic or political goals.

general-purpose adj
tous usages
for general purposes; all-purpose

generalisation generalisations n
généralisation
The formulation of general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties.
Inductive reasoning from detailed facts to general principles.

generalissimo /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈlisimoʊ/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈliːsɪməʊ/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəɹəˈlɪsɪməʊ/ generalissimi generalissimos n
généralissime
(military) A supreme commander of the armed forces of a country, especially one who is also a political leader.

generalist generalists n
généraliste
A person with a broad general knowledge, especially one with more than superficial knowledge in several areas and the ability to combine ideas from diverse fields.

generalization generalizations n
généralisation
The formulation of general concepts from specific instances by abstracting common properties.
Inductive reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

generalize /ˈd͡ʒen.(ə.)ɹə.lɑɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.(ə.)ɹə.laɪz/ v
généraliser faire des amalgames
To speak in generalities, or in vague terms.
généraliser
To infer or induce from specific cases to more general cases or principles.
To spread throughout the body and become systemic.

generalized more generalized most generalized adj
généralisé
Made more general, less specialized.

generally /ˈd͡ʒen.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.ə.li/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɹə.li/ more generally most generally adv
généralement en général
Popularly or widely.
généralement
As a rule; usually.
Without reference to specific details.

generate /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ɚ.eɪt/ v
générer
(transitive) To bring into being; give rise to.
(transitive) To produce as a result of a chemical or physical process.
engendrer
(transitive) To procreate, beget.
(transitive, mathematics) To form a figure from a curve or solid.

generating function generating functions n
fonction génératrice série génératrice
(mathematics) A formal power series with one indeterminate, whose coefficients encode a sequence that can be studied by algebraic manipulation of the series; any one of several generalizations, such as to encode more than one sequence or use more than one indeterminate.

generation /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ generations n
génération création
The act of creating something or bringing something into being; production, creation. [from 14th c.]
generation génération
(now, US, dialectal) Race, family; breed. [from 14th c.]
génération
A single step or stage in the succession of natural descent; a rank or degree in genealogy, the members of a family from the same parents, considered as a single unit. [from 14th c.]
The average amount of time needed for children to grow up and have children of their own, generally considered to be a period of around thirty years, used as a measure of time. [from 17th c.]
(geometry) The formation or production of any geometrical magnitude, as a line, a surface, a solid, by the motion, in accordance with a mathematical law, of a point or a magnitude, by the motion of a point, of a surface by a line, a sphere by a semicircle, etc.

generation gap generation gaps n
fossé des générations fracture intergénérationnelle
A disconnect between members of one generation and members of the next based on the later generation developing habits, attitudes, and preferences inconsistent with the experience of the former.

generational adj
générationnel
Of, pertaining to, or changing over generations.

generative /d͡ʒəˈnɛɹətɪv/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnəɹətɪv/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnɹətɪv/ more generative most generative adj
génératif
Having the power of generating, propagating, originating, or producing.

generative AI generative AIs n
IA générative

generative grammar generative grammars n
grammaire générative
(linguistics, countable) A system of rules that can generate all and only those combinations of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language.

generator /ˈdʒɛnəɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ generators n
générateur générateur électrique
Especially, a machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

generatrix generatrices generatrixes n
génératrice
(geometry) A curve that, when rotated about an axis, produces a solid figure.

generic /dʒɪˈnɛɹɪk/ more generic most generic adj
générique
Very comprehensive; pertaining or appropriate to large classes or groups (genera) as opposed to specific instances.
(of a product or drug) not having a brand name; nonproprietary in design or contents; fungible with the rest of its class.

generic /dʒɪˈnɛɹɪk/ generics n
médicament générique produit générique
A product sold under a generic name.

generic class generic classes n
classe générique
(object-oriented) A class defined with at least one generic type in its parameters.

generic function generic functions n
fonction générique
(object-oriented) Entity made up of all methods having the same name.

generic name generic names n
nom générique
(taxonomy) The first word in a binominal name, which identifies the genus of the lifeform considered.

generic type generic types n
type générique
(object-oriented) A type which can be instantiated with any other type.

genericize /dʒɪˈnɛɹ.ɪˌsaɪz/ v
génériciser
(transitive) To make generic.
(transitive) To make generic: bland.

genericized trademark genericized trademarks n
nom de marque générique nom de marque lexicalisé
(business, law) A successful brand name or trademark that has come to refer to the generic class of objects rather than the specific brand type.

generosity /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɑsəti/ /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈɹɒsɪti/ generosities n
générosité bonté
(uncountable) The trait of being willing to donate money, resources, or time.
générosité
(countable) A generous act.
(archaic, uncountable) Good breeding; nobility of stock.

generous /ˈd͡ʒɛn(ə)ɹəs/ more generous most generous adj
généreux
Noble in behaviour or actions; principled, not petty; kind, magnanimous. [from 16th c.]
Willing to give and share unsparingly; showing a readiness to give more (especially money) than is expected or needed. [from 17th c.]
Large, more than ample, copious. [from 17th c.]
(obsolete) Of noble birth. [16th–19th c.]

genesis /ˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.sɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɪn.ə.sɪs/ geneses n
genèse
The origin, start, or point at which something comes into being.

genet /ˈd͡ʒɛ.nɪt/ genets n
genette
Any of several Old World nocturnal, carnivorous mammals, of the genus Genetta in the family Viverridae, most of which have a spotted coat and a long, ringed tail.

genetic /d͡ʒəˈnɛtɪk/ /d͡ʒɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
génétique
(genetics) Relating to genetics or genes. [from 1908]
Caused by genes.

genetic code genetic codes n
code génétique
(genetics) The set of rules by which the sequence of bases in DNA are translated into the amino acid sequence of proteins.

genetic drift genetic drifts n
dérive génétique
(genetics, evolutionary theory) An overall shift of allele distribution in an isolated population, due to random fluctuations in the frequencies of individual alleles of the genes.

genetic engineering n
génie génétique ingénierie génétique
The practice or science of genetic modification.

genetic modification genetic modifications n
manipulation génétique
The deliberate modification of the genetic structure of an organism.

genetically more genetically most genetically adv
génétiquement
In a manner relating to genes or genetics.

genetically modified adj
génétiquement modifié
Produced by genetic modification; abbreviated as GM.

geneticist geneticists n
généticien généticienne
(genetics) A scientist who studies genes.

genetics /d͡ʒə.ˈnɛ.tɪks/ /d͡ʒɛˈnɛ.tɪks/ /ˈdʒɛnɐ.ʈɪks/ n
génétique
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with the transmission and variation of inherited characteristics, in particular chromosomes and DNA.
(biology) The genetic makeup of a specific individual or species.

genial /-ni.əl/ /ˈdʒiːnɪəl/ /ˈd͡ʒinjəl/ more genial most genial adj
génial
Marked by genius.

genicular adj
géniculaire
(anatomy) Relating to the knee.

genie /ˈd͡ʒiː.ni/ genies genii n
djinn jinn génie
(Islam) A jinn, a being descended from the jann, normally invisible to the human eye, but who may also appear in animal or human form.
djinn génie
(mythological creature) A fictional magical being that is typically bound to obey the commands of a mortal possessing its container.

genital /ˈd͡ʒɛnətəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnɪtəl/ adj
génital
Of, or relating to biological reproduction.
Of, or relating to the genitalia.

genital wart genital warts n
condylome condylome acuminé crête de coq verrue génitale
A wart associated with a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection, caused by some types of human papillomavirus.

genitalia /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nə-/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.jəl.jə/ /ˌd͡ʒɛ.nɪˈteɪ.li.jə/ n
organes génitaux parties génitales appareil génital
(by extension) Any sex organs, whether external or internal.

genitality n
génitalité
In Reichian psychoanalysis, the integrated function of the entire sexual apparatus; as opposed to pregenitality, neurosis. Note that in this use, sexuality oriented on the genitalia may not by itself constitute genitality, i.e. phallicism would be considered a pregenitally functioning sexuality.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ adj
génitif génitive
(grammar) Of or pertaining to that case (as the second case of Latin and Greek nouns) which expresses a quality, origin or possession. It corresponds to the possessive case in English.

genitive /ˈd͡ʒɛnətɪv/ genitives n
génitif
(grammar, uncountable) An inflection pattern (of any given language) that expresses origin or ownership and possession.

genitive absolute genitive absolutes genitives absolute n
génitif absolu
(grammar) an independent phrase in a sentence conveying additional circumstances in the genitive case; present in many Indo-European languages, such as:

genito- prefix
génito-
Relating to the genitals.

genitofemoral adj
génitofémoral
(anatomy) Pertaining to the genital organs and the thigh; applied especially to one of the lumbar nerves.

genitourinary adj
génito-urinaire urogénital
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the genital and urinary systems of the body, together with their function, disease, etc.

genius /ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˈd͡ʒi.ni.əs/ /ˈd͡ʒin.jəs/ genii geniuses n
génie
(countable) Someone possessing extraordinary intelligence or skill; especially somebody who has demonstrated this by a creative or original work in science, music, art etc.

genizah /ɡɛˈnizə/ /ɡɛˈniːzə/ genizahs genizot genizoth n
gueniza
(Jewish law) A depository where sacred Hebrew books or other sacred items that by Jewish law cannot be disposed of are kept before they can be properly buried in a cemetery.

genoa /ˈdʒɛnəʊə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛn.oʊ.ə/ genoas n
génois
(nautical) A staysail that resembles a jib but extends aft beyond the mast.

genocidaire /d͡ʒɛ.nə.siˈdɛ(ə)ɹ/ genocidaires n
génocidaire
A person involved in perpetrating a genocide, especially the 1994 Rwandan genocide.

genocidal /ˌd͡ʒɛnəˈsaɪdəl/ more genocidal most genocidal adj
génocidaire
Causative of or relating to an act or policy of genocide.

genocide /ˈd͡ʒɛnəsaɪd/ genocides n
génocide
The systematic and deliberate destruction of a group of people, typically by killing substantial numbers of them, on the basis of their ethnicity, religion, or nationality.

genocider genociders n
génocidaire
One who commits genocide.

genome /d͡ʒɨˈnoʊm/ /ˈd͡ʒiː.noʊm/ /ˈd͡ʒiː.nəʊm/ genomes n
génome
(genetics) The complete genetic information (either DNA or, in some viruses, RNA) of an organism.

genome assembly genome assemblies n
assemblage génomique
(bioinformatics) The process of taking a large number of short DNA sequences and putting them back together to create a representation of the original chromosomes from which the DNA originated.

genomics n
génomique
(genetics) The study of the complete genome of an organism.

genotype /ˈdʒɛn.əʊ.taɪp/ /ˈd͡ʒiːn.oʊ.taɪp/ genotypes n
génotype
(genetics) The part (DNA sequence) of the genetic makeup of an organism which determines a specific characteristic (phenotype) of that organism.

genre /d͡ʒɑnɚ/ /ˈ(d)ʒɑn.ɹə/ /ˈ(d)ʒɒn.ɹə/ genres n
genre
A kind; a stylistic category or sort, especially of literature or other artworks.

genteel /d͡ʒɛnˈtiːl/ more genteel most genteel adj
à la mode
Stylish or elegant.

gentian /ˈd͡ʒɛnt͡ʃən/ gentians n
gentiane
(countable) Any of various herbs of the family Gentianaceae found in temperate and mountainous regions with violet or blue flowers.
(uncountable) Dried roots and rhizome of European gentian (Gentiana lutea), used as a tonic.

gentile /ˈd͡ʒɛntaɪl/ gentiles n
gentil
A non-Jewish person.

gentilic adj
gentilice
Tribal or national.

gentle /ˈdʒɛntl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛntl̩/ [ˈd͡ʒɛ̃ɾ̃l̩] gentler gentlest more gentle most gentle adj
gentil
Tender and amiable; of a considerate or kindly disposition.
doux
Soft and mild rather than hard or severe.

gentleman /ˈd͡ʒɛn.təl.mən/ [ˈd͡ʒɛɾ̃.ɫ̩.mən] gentlemen n
gentilhomme
(chiefly, _, historical) A man of gentle but not noble birth, particularly a man of means (originally ownership of property) who does not work for a living but has no official status in a peerage; (UK, _, law) an armiferous man ranking below a knight.
monsieur gentilhomme
Any well-bred, well-mannered, or charming man.
messieurs
(polite, _, term of address) Any man.

gentleman's agreement gentleman's agreements gentlemen's agreements n
gentleman’s agreement
A usually unwritten agreement not bound by law but by honour.

gentoo penguin gentoo penguins n
manchot papou
A species of penguin, Pygoscelis papua, with a distinctive wide white stripe extending like a bonnet across the top of its head.

gentrification /d͡ʒɛn.tɹɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ gentrifications n
gentrification embourgeoisement
(urban studies) The renewal and rebuilding that accompanies the influx of middle class or affluent people into deteriorating areas and often displaces earlier, usually poorer, residents; any example of such a process.

gentrify /ˈd͡ʒɛn.tɹɪ.faɪ/ v
embourgeoiser gentrifier
(transitive) To renovate or improve something, especially housing or district, to make it more appealing to the middle classes (often with the negative association of pricing out existing residents).

genu valgum genu valgums n
genu valgum
(medicine) The condition in which the knees are abnormally close together and the ankles far apart.

genual adj
géniculaire
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to a genu or to the knee.

genuflect /ˈd͡ʒɛn.jʊ.flɛkt/ v
génuflexer génuflexion génuflexionner
(intransitive, archaic) To bend the knee, as in servitude.
(intransitive) To briefly enter a position that touches one knee to the ground in a manner that is typically associated with formal homage or religious worship.
génuflexion
(intransitive, figurative) To behave in a servile manner; to grovel.

genuflection genuflections n
génuflexion
the act of genuflecting

genuine /ˈd͡ʒɛnjuːˌaɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛnjuːˌɪn/ more genuine most genuine adj
authentique véritable
Belonging to, or proceeding from the original stock; native

genuinely more genuinely most genuinely adv
vraiment authentiquement réellement
In a genuine manner; truthfully, truly.

genus /ˈdʒiːnəs/ /ˈdʒɛnəs/ /ˈd͡ʒiːnəs/ genera genuses genusses n
genre
(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below family (Lat. familia) and above species.
A taxon at this rank.

geo- prefix
géo-
Earth

geo-blocking n
géoblocage

geocentric /ˌdʒiːəʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒioʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ adj
géocentrique
Having the Earth at the center.

geocentric orbit geocentric orbits n
orbite géoocentrique

geocentrism n
géocentrisme
A belief that the Earth is the center of the universe.

geochemistry geochemistries n
géochimie
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry that deals with the chemical composition of the Earth and other planets, and with the chemical processes that occur in the formation of rocks and minerals etc.

geochronology geochronologies n
géochronologie
(countable) Any one of the methods by which the age of different samples of rock can be determined.

geoclimatic adj
géoclimatique

geocode v
géocoder
To find the latitude and longitude coordinates of an address.

geocorona geocoronas n
geocorona géocorona géocouronne

geode /ˈdʒiː.əʊd/ /ˈd͡ʒiː.oʊd/ geodes n
géode
(geology) A nodule of stone having a cavity lined with mineral or crystal matter on the inside wall.

geodesic /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈdiː.sɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈdɛs.ɪk/ geodesics n
géodésique
(geometry) The shortest curve between two points on a specific surface.

geodesy /dʒiːˈɒdɪsi/ /d͡ʒiˈɑdəsi/ geodesies n
géodésie
(sciences, geography) The discipline which deals with the measurement and representation of Earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, Earth tides, and crustal motion) in three-dimensional, time-varying space

geodetics /ˌd͡ʒiːəʊˈdɛtɪks/ n
géodésie
The scientific discipline that deals with the measurement and representation of the earth, its gravitational field and geodynamic phenomena (polar motion, earth tides, and tectonic motion) in three-dimensional, time-varying space.

geoduck /ˈɡuiˌdək/ /ˈɡuːɪdʌk/ geoducks n
geoduck
(uncountable) The species of large saltwater clam Panopea generosa, native to the northeast Pacific coasts from Alaska to Washington State, distinguished by its deep burrowing and long unprotected siphon.

geodynamics n
géodynamique
the branch of geophysics that studies the deformation processes of planetary mantle and crust, and the resulting earthquakes and volcanism

geofence /ˈdʒiːə-/ /ˈdʒiːəʊfɛns/ /ˈd͡ʒioʊfɛns/ /ˈd͡ʒiːə-/ geofences n
gardiennage virtuel géorepérage
(computing) A virtual perimeter around a geographic area, typically enforced by monitoring the positions of trackable mobile devices inside or outside the area, and determining if they cross the "fence".

geoglyph /ˈd͡ʒiːə(ʊ)ɡlɪf/ /ˈd͡ʒiːəɡlɪf/ geoglyphs n
géoglyphe
(chiefly, archaeology) A large-scale drawing or image made on the ground by arranging lines of stones, scratching the earth, etc., and often only fully visible from a distance or the air.

geognostic /dʒɪəɡˈnɒstɪk/ adj
géognostique

geographer /d͡ʒiˈɑ.ɡɹə.fɚ/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔɡ.ɹə.fə(ɹ)/ geographers n
géographe
A specialist in geography.

geographic /d͡ʒiəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more geographic most geographic adj
géographique
Pertaining to geography (or to geographics)
Determined by geography, as opposed to magnetic (i.e. North)

geographic information system geographic information systems n
SIG système d'information géographique
An electronic system used to store, process and display geographic information, especially maps

geography /dʒɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ /d͡ʒiˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˈdʒɒɡɹəfi/ geographies n
géographie
The study of the physical properties of the earth, including how humans affect and are affected by them.

geoid /ˈdʒiːɔɪd/ /ˈd͡ʒiˌɔɪd/ geoids n
géoïde
(geography, geodesy) The shape, extending through landmasses (continents, etc.), that the surface of the oceans of the Earth would take under the influence of the Earth's gravity and rotation alone, disregarding other factors such as winds and tides; that is, a surface of constant gravitational potential at zero elevation.

geokinesis n
géokinésie

geolocatable adj
géolocalisable

geolocate v
géolocaliser
to use GPS to provide map coordinates to a person or an object

geolocation geolocations n
géolocalisation
The identification of geographic location, as of an electronic device or an animal being tracked.

geolocator geolocators n
géolocalisateur

geologic /ˌdʒiː.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈlɑdʒ.ɪk/ more geologic most geologic adj
géologique
Of, or relating to geology or a geologic time scale.

geologically adv
géologiquement
As part of a geologic process.

geologist /dʒiˈɒlədʒɪst/ /d͡ʒiˈɑːlədʒɪst/ geologists n
géologue
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of geology, especially at a professional or academic level.

geology /d͡ʒiˈɑl.ə.dʒi/ /d͡ʒɪˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ geologies n
géologie
The science that studies the structure of the earth (or other planets), together with its origin and development, especially by examination of its rocks.

geomarketing n
géomarketing géomercatique
(marketing) The integration of geographical parameters into various aspects of marketing, including sales and distribution.

geomatics n
géomatique

geometrally more geometrally most geometrally adv
géométralement
geometrically

geometric /ˌd͡ʒi.oʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒi.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əʊˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈmet.ɹɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒiː.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ more geometric most geometric adj
géométrique
Of or relating to geometry.

geometric analysis n
analyse géométrique
(analysis, geometry, topology) A branch of mathematics in which techniques from differential geometry are used in the analysis and solution of partial differential equations, and vice versa.

geometric isomerism n
isomérie géométrique
(chemistry, dated, deprecated by IUPAC) A form of isomerism in which, in one isomer two atoms or groups are on the same side of the plane of a double bond or ring, whereas in the other isomer they are on opposite sides; these are cis- and trans- isomers, respectively.

geometric mean geometric means n
moyenne géométrique
(mathematics) A measure of central tendency of a set of n values computed by extracting the nth root of the product of the values.

geometric progression geometric progressions n
série géométrique
(analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by multiplying it by a constant value, known as the common ratio of the geometric progression.

geometrically more geometrically most geometrically adv
géométriquement
In a geometric manner.

geometrid moth geometrid moths n
phalène
(entomology) Any of the various moths of the family Geometridae.

geometrography n
géométrographie
(geometry) The study of geometrical constructions.

geometry /d͡ʒiˈɑ.mə.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ /d͡ʒiːˈɔm.ə.tɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒɒm.ɪ.tɹi/ geometries n
géométrie
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with spatial relationships.
(countable) The observed or specified spatial attributes of an object, etc.
(algebraic geometry, countable) A mathematical object comprising representations of a space and of its spatial relationships.

geomorphological more geomorphological most geomorphological adj
géomorphologique
Of or pertaining to geomorphology

geomorphology geomorphologies n
géomorphologie
The study of landforms, their classification, origin, development, and history.

geonomy n
géonomie

geophysical /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈfɪz.ɪk.əl/ adj
géophysique
Of or pertaining to geophysics.

geophysicist geophysicists n
géophysicien géophysicienne
(geology, physics) A physicist who specialises in geophysics.

geophysics /ˌdʒiː.əʊˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
géophysique
A branch of earth science dealing with the physical processes and phenomena occurring in the earth and in its vicinity.

geophyte /ˈdʒiːə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˈd͡ʒioʊˌfaɪt/ geophytes n
géophyte
(botany) A perennial plant, for example the potato or daffodil, which in spring propagates from an underground organ such as a bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome.

geopolitically adv
geopolitiquement
In terms of geopolitics.

geopolitics n
géopolitique
The study of the effects of geography (especially economic geography) on international politics.

geospatial adj
géo-spatial géospatial
(computing) Describing the combination of spatial software and geographic data.

geostationary adj
géostationnaire
At a fixed distance in three dimensions relative to a particular point on the Earth's surface; generally only possible with orbital satellites.

geosynchronous adj
géosynchrone
Refers to the orbit of a satellite whose rate of revolution is matched to the rotation period of the Earth. A special case is the geostationary orbit which is circular and equatorial, so that the satellite appears to be fixed over a particular point on Earth's sky.

geotaxis geotaxes n
géotaxisme
(biology) A living creature's ability to move by orienting itself by gravitational forces.

geothermal adj
géothermique
Pertaining to heat energy extracted from reservoirs in the earth's interior.

geotropic /ˌd͡ʒioʊˈtɹɒpɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒʒioʊˈtɹoʊpɪk/ more geotropic most geotropic adj
géotrope
(biology) Of or pertaining to geotropism.

gephyrophobia /dʒəˌfaɪɹəˈfoʊbiə/ n
géphyrophobie
An inordinate fear of bridges, especially crossing bridges.

geranium /dʒəˈɹeɪni.əm/ gerania geraniums n
géranium
Any flowering plant of the genus Geranium of cranesbills, of family Geraniaceae.
géranium pélargonium
The common name for flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium.

gerbil /ˈdʒɜːbl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɝbl̩/ gerbils n
gerbille
A member of one of several species of small, jumping, murine rodents, of the genus Gerbillus and certain other genera in subfamily Gerbillinae, with leaping powers resembling those of the jerboa, native to Africa, India, and Southern Europe.

geriatric more geriatric most geriatric adj
gériatrique
Relating to geriatrics.

geriatrics n
gériatrie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on health promotion and the prevention and treatment of disease and disability in later life. The term itself can be distinguished from gerontology, which is the study of the aging process itself.

germ /d͡ʒɜːm/ /d͡ʒɝm/ germs n
germe
(biology) The small mass of cells from which a part of an organism develops, or a macroscopic but immature form of that part; a bud.
A pathogen: a pathogenic microorganism, such as a bacterium or virus.
(figurative) The origin or earliest version of an idea or project.

germ cell germ cells n
cellule germinale
(cytology) A cell that is part of the germ line: a gametocyte, an ovum or a sperm cell.

german /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ more german most german adj
germain germaine
(obsolete, _, except in set terms) Having the same mother and father; a full (brother or sister).
(obsolete, _, except in set terms) Being born to one’s blood aunt or uncle, a first (cousin).

german /ˈd͡ʒɜː.mən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.mən/ germans n
germain germaine
(obsolete) A near relative.

germander /d͡ʒəˈmændə/ /d͡ʒɚˈmændɚ/ germanders n
germandrée
Any plant of the genus Teucrium, some with small, pink, white, or pale purple flowers and a small upper lip.

germane /dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈmeɪn/ /d͡ʒɝˈmeɪn/ more germane most germane adj
pertinent
Related to a topic of discussion or consideration.

germane /dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈmeɪn/ /d͡ʒɝˈmeɪn/ germanes n
germane
(inorganic chemistry) germanium tetrahydride, GeH4

germanene n
germanène

germanium /d͡ʒɚˈmeɪni.əm/ germaniums n
germanium
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Ge) with an atomic number of 32: a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group.

germanophilia n
germanophilie
The love of Germany, the Germans, or German culture.

germinate /ˈd͡ʒɜː(ɹ)mɪneɪt/ v
germer
(intransitive, botany, horticulture) Of a seed, to begin to grow, to sprout roots and leaves.
(transitive) To cause to grow; to produce.

germinative more germinative most germinative adj
germinatif
Of or pertaining to germination

geronto- prefix
géronto-

gerontocracy /ˌdʒɛɹənˈtɒkɹəsi/ gerontocracies n
gérontocratie
Government by elders.

gerontologist gerontologists n
gérontologue
A physician who specializes in gerontology

gerontology gerontologies n
gérontologie
The branch of science that deals with the problems of aged people. It is to be distinguished from geriatrics, which is the study of the diseases of the elderly. Gerontology covers the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging.

gerontophilia n
gérontophilie
Sexual attraction toward the elderly.

gerontophobia n
gérontophobie
An abnormal and persistent fear of elderly individuals or people.

geropsychology n
gérontopsychiatrie psychogériatrie
A branch of psychology that focuses on elderly people.

gerrymander /dʒ/ /ɡ/ /ˈdʒɛɹiˌmændə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹiˌmændɚ/ gerrymanders n
charcutage électoral
(pejorative) The act of gerrymandering.

gerund /-ʌnd/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹənd/ gerunds n
gérondif
(grammar) A verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. (In English, a gerund has the same spelling as a present participle, but functions differently; however, this distinction may be ambiguous or unclear and so is no longer made in some modern texts such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language and The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language)
(grammar) In some languages such as Dutch, Italian or Russian, a verbal form similar to a present participle, but functioning as an adverb to form adverbial phrases or continuous tense. These constructions have various names besides gerund, depending on the language, such as conjunctive participles, active participles, adverbial participles, transgressives, etc.

gerundive /dʒəˈɹʌndɪv/ gerundives n
gérondif adjectif verbal
(in Latin, _, grammar) a verbal adjective that describes obligation or necessity, equivalent in form to the future passive participle.
adjectif verbal
(less commonly, in English, _, grammar) a verbal adjective ending in -ing, also called a "present participle".

gest /d͡ʒɛst/ gests n
geste
(archaic) A story or adventure; a verse or prose romance.
(obsolete) A gesture or action.

gestalt /-ˈst-/ /ɡəˈstɔlt/ /ɡəˈʃtælt/ /ɡəˈʃtɑːlt/ /ɡəˈʃtɔlt/ gestalten gestalts n
gestalt profil
A collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic elements that creates a whole, unified concept or pattern which is other than the sum of its parts, due to the relationships between the parts (of a character, personality, entity, or being)

gestation /d͡ʒɛsˈteɪʃən/ gestations n
gestation
The period of time during which an animal or human offspring physically develops inside the mother's body until it is born.

gesticulate /dʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/ /dʒɛsˈtɪkjʊleɪt/ /d͡ʒɛsˈtɪkjəleɪt/ v
gesticuler
(intransitive) To make gestures or motions, as in speaking.

gesticulation /dʒɛˌstɪkjəˈleɪʃən/ gesticulations n
gesticulation
The act of gesticulating, or making gestures to aid expression of thoughts, sentiments or passion.

gesture /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃɝ/ gestures n
geste
An act or a remark that serves as a formality or as a sign of attitude.
geste signe
(obsolete) The manner of carrying the body; position of the body or limbs; posture.

get /ɡɛt/ /ɡɪt/ v
obtenir
(ditransitive) To obtain; to acquire.
(intransitive, obsolete) To make acquisitions; to gain; to profit.
devenir
(copulative) To become, or cause oneself to become.
devenir faire devenir
(transitive) To cause to become; to bring about.
être
(intransitive, catenative) (with full infinitive) To be able, be permitted, or have the opportunity (to do something desirable or ironically implied to be desirable).
recevoir atteindre arriver chercher ramener
(transitive, informal) To bring to reckoning; to catch (as a criminal); to effect retribution.
piger devenir atteindre capter obtenir arriver
(archaic) To learn; to commit to memory; to memorize; sometimes with out.

get a grip v
ressaisir
(idiomatic, mostly, imperative) To come to one's senses and become more rational after having experienced a strong emotion.

get a life v
va t'acheter une vie!
(idiomatic, intransitive, derogatory) To begin having a more interesting, eventful, or worthwhile existence.

get a word in edgewise /ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɜːd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/ /ˌɡɛt ə ˈwɝd ɪn ˈɛdʒwaɪz/ v
en placer une
(US, usually, in the negative) To break into or participate in a conversation.

get across v
traverser
(transitive, intransitive) To cross; to move from one side (of something) to the other, literally or figuratively.
mettre en évidence
(transitive) To make an idea evident; to successfully explain a thought or feeling; put over.

get ahead of oneself v
brûler les étapes mettre la charrue avant les bœufs s'emballer
(idiomatic) To focus excessively on one's plans or on prospective future events without paying adequate attention to the present.
s'emballer
(idiomatic) To develop an opinion based on insufficient information or to take action prematurely.
perdre le fil
(idiomatic) To speak or write in a manner in which one makes points out of logical or chronological sequence.

get along v
s'entendre
(intransitive, idiomatic, often followed by with) To interact or coexist well, without argument or trouble.
se débrouiller
(intransitive, idiomatic) To survive; to do well enough.

get around v
contourner

get away with v
s'en tirer
(idiom) To escape punishment for doing something objectionable.

get back v
retourner
(intransitive) Return to where one came from.
récupérer
(transitive) To retrieve (something); to have (something) returned.

get by v
débrouiller s'en sortir tenir le coup
(intransitive, idiomatic) To subsist; to succeed, survive, or manage, at least at a minimal level.

get down to brass tacks v
passer aux choses sérieuses
(idiomatic, chiefly, _, US) to start to discuss or consider the most important details or facts about something.

get dressed v
s'habiller
To dress; to put on clothes; to clothe oneself.

get drunk v
enivrer souler
(intransitive) To intoxicate oneself with alcohol. (This entry is a translation hub.)
(transitive) To make drunk. (This entry is a translation hub.)

get even v
prendre sa revanche rendre la monnaie de sa pièce se venger
(idiomatic) To get revenge.

get high v
se défoncer
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see get,‎ high.

get in v
monter
(intransitive) To enter a place; to gain access.

get laid v
baiser tirer un coup s'envoyer en l'air
(slang, transitive, often, vulgar) To cause to have sex.

get late v
se faire tard
(idiomatic, impersonal) To approach nighttime.

get lost interjection
barre-toi casse-toi dégage tire-toi va te faire va te faire fiche
(colloquial, dismissal, impolite) Used to rudely tell somebody to go away or leave one alone.

get lost v
perdre égarer paumer
(intransitive) To lose one's way.

get married v
se marier
(intransitive) To become married (to someone).
(reciprocal, intransitive) To become married (to each other).

get off v
descendre
(transitive) To move (something) from being on top of (something else) to not being on top of it.
(transitive, intransitive) To disembark, especially from mass transportation such as a bus or train; to depart from (a path, highway, etc).
arrêter
(intransitive) To stop touching or physically interfering with something or someone.
(transitive) To cause (something) to stop touching or interfering with (something else).
exciter
(transitive, slang) To excite or arouse, especially in a sexual manner, as to cause to experience orgasm.

get off one's chest v
dire ce qu'on a sur le cœur se libérer d'un poids vider son sac
(idiomatic) To relieve oneself by talking to someone.

get on v
monter embarquer enfourcher
(transitive, intransitive) To board or mount (something), especially a vehicle.
se faire vieux
(intransitive) To become old.
embarquer monter
(intransitive, chiefly, UK) To have a good relationship; to get along.

get on someone's bad side v
[[s'attirer les foudres]] de se mettre à dos

get on someone's nerves v
courir sur le haricot taper sur les nerfs
(idiomatic) To annoy or irritate someone; to bother someone.

get on with v
retourner à
(transitive) To proceed with; to begin or continue, especially after an interruption.

get one's act together v
se reprendre en main
(idiomatic) To become serious, organized, worthwhile, etc.

get one's butt somewhere v
ramener sa fraise ramener ses fesses ramener son cul

get one's claws into v
mettre le grappin sur

get one's finger out v
se bouger le cul se bouger les fesses se remuer les fesses
(intransitive, idiomatic) To proceed with the matter in hand.

get one's hands dirty v
se salir les mains

get one's hands on v
dégoter dénicher mettre la main
(informal, transitive) To get; to obtain; to secure.

get one's knickers in a twist /ˌɡɛt wʌnz ˈnɪ.kəz ɪn‿ə ˈtwɪst/ /ˌɡɪt wʌnz ˈnɪ.kɚz ɪn‿ə ˈtwɪst/ v
avoir ses bobettes dans un tapon slaquer ses bobettes
(idiomatic, Britain, Ireland, humorous, informal, ) To become overwrought or unnecessarily upset over a trivial matter.

get one's way v
parvenir à ses fins
(idiomatic) To obtain the circumstances one wishes for.

get one's wires crossed v
malentendu s'emmêler les pinceaux
(intransitive, idiomatic) To get confused or mixed up about another person's intentions; to misunderstand one another.

get out v
sortir
(intransitive) To leave or escape.
(transitive) To help (someone) leave.
(transitive) To take (something) from its container or storage place, so as to use or display it.
(intransitive) To spend free time out of the house.
s'en sortir
(intransitive) To come out of a situation; to escape a fate.
descendre
(intransitive) To leave a vehicle such as a car. (Note: for public transport, get off is more common.)
lancer sortir
(transitive) To publish or make available; to disseminate.

get out of Dodge v
décamper ficher le camp lever le camp vider les lieux

get out of here interjection
aller se faire fiche aller se faire foutre aller se faire voir dégage foutre le camp se casser
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see get,‎ out of,‎ here.
aller se faire fiche aller se faire foutre aller se faire voir dégage foutre le camp quelle coïncidence
(idiomatic, informal) An exclamation of disbelief.

get ready v
se préparer disponibiliser préparer rendre disponible
(transitive) To prepare; to make ready or prepared.

get rid of v
débarrasser défaire
(transitive, idiom) To rid oneself of; to cause oneself to be free of or released from.

get some air v
prendre l'air
(idiomatic) To invigorate oneself by breathing refreshing outdoor air, especially after departing from a building or other enclosed space for this purpose.

get someone's goat /ˌɡɛt ˈsʌmwʌnz ˈɡoʊt/ /ˌɡɛt ˈsʌmwʌnz ˈɡəʊt/ v
courir sur le haricot
(informal) To annoy or infuriate someone.

get something over with v
en finir avec
(idiomatic) To proceed to do something as soon as possible, especially so as to have something unpleasant behind oneself.

get the better of v
avoir raison de prendre le dessus
(transitive, idiomatic) To overwhelm or overcome

get the hang of v
avoir en main se débrouiller
(colloquial) To begin to understand or manage at a basic level; to learn to handle with some skill.

get through v
franchir
To overcome; to endure.

get to know v
faire connaissance faire la connaissance
(transitive) To become acquainted with (someone or something); to meet someone.

get to the point v
en venir au fait aller droit au but aller à l'essentiel
(idiomatic) To state (something) directly; as opposed to in a long-winded way.

get up v
se lever
To rise from one's bed (often implying to wake up).
lever
To move from a sitting or lying position to a standing position; to stand up.

get up on the wrong side of the bed v
se lever du pied gauche
(idiomatic) To feel irritable; to be in a bad mood; to have a bad day from the start, for no particular reason.

get up to v
commettre
To do something, especially something that is forbidden or improper.

get used v
habituer
(intransitive) To become accustomed to something; to acclimate; to adjust.

get well soon phraseologicalUnit
bon rétablissement prompt rétablissement remets-toi vite
Expressing hope that the listener will soon recover from illness.

get wet v
mouiller
(idiomatic) Of a woman, to become sexually aroused, as indicated by the occurrence of the natural lubrication of the vagina.

get wind of v
avoir vent
(idiomatic, transitive) To hear about; to learn of, especially with respect to facts intended to have been kept confidential or secret.

getting /ˈɡɛtɪŋ/ gettings n
obtention
The act of obtaining or acquiring; acquisition.

getup getups n
accoutrement
(chiefly, US, informal) A costume or outfit, especially one that is ostentatious or otherwise unusual.

gewgaw /ˈɡjuːɡɔː/ /ˈɡuɡɔ/ gewgaws n
bibelot
A showy trifle, a toy; a showy trinket, ornament or decoration. [from 15th c.]

geyser /ˈɡaɪ.sɚ/ /ˈɡaɪ.zə/ /ˈɡaɪ.zɚ/ /ˈɡiː.zə/ geysers n
geyser
(planetology, geology, volcanology) A boiling natural spring which throws forth jets of water, mud, etc., at frequent intervals, driven upwards by the expansive power of steam.

ghast ghasts n
épouvant
(fantasy) An evil spirit or monster; a ghoul.

ghastly /ˈɡæs(t).li/ /ˈɡɑːs(t).li/ ghastlier ghastliest adj
blafard livide
Like a ghost in appearance; death-like; pale; pallid; dismal.
effrayant atroce épouvantable
Horrifyingly shocking.
affreux atroce horrible épouvantable
Extremely bad.

ghazal /ˈɡæzæl/ ghazals n
ghazel
A poetic form mostly used for love poetry in Middle Eastern, South, and Central Asian poetry.

ghee /ɡiː/ [ɡʱiː] ghees n
ghee ghî
A type of clarified butter used in South Asian cooking; usli ghee.

gherkin /ˈɡɜːkɪn/ /ˈɡɝkɪn/ gherkins n
cornichon
A small cucumber, often pickled whole.

ghetto /ˈɡɛtoʊ/ /ˈɡɛtəʊ/ [ˈɡɛɾoʊ̯] ghetti ghettoes ghettos n
ghetto
An (often walled) area of a city in which Jews are concentrated by force and law. (Used particularly of areas in medieval Italy and in Nazi-controlled Europe.)
An area in which people who are distinguished by sharing something other than ethnicity concentrate or are concentrated.

ghettoization ghettoizations n
ghettoïsation

ghettoize /ˈɡɛtoʊaɪz/ [ˈɡɛɾoʊ̯aɪ̯z] v
ghettoïser

ghost /ɡoʊst/ /ɡɐʉst/ /ɡəʊst/ ghosts n
fantôme spectre revenant esprit apparition fantasme
The disembodied soul; the soul or spirit of a deceased person; a spirit appearing after death.

ghost bike ghost bikes n
vélo fantôme

ghost goal ghost goals n
but fantôme
(ball games) An apparent goal in which it is not clear whether or not the ball crossed the goal line.

ghost ship ghost ships n
vaisseau fantôme
(nautical) An abandoned ship, or (science fiction, by extension) spaceship, that is haunted and possibly adrift.

ghost story ghost stories n
histoire de fantômes
A story about ghosts or the supernatural, often meant to be frightening.

ghost town /ˈɡoʊst taʊn/ /ˈɡəʊst taʊn/ ghost towns n
ville fantôme
A town which has become deserted, usually due to failing economic activity, especially one that still has substantial visible remains.

ghost train ghost trains n
train fantôme
A fairground attraction in which participants ride through a haunted house in a railcar.
An unmanned train rolling on the train line.

ghost word ghost words n
mot fantôme
(linguistics) A fictitious or erroneous word, originally meaningless (not used in practice), that has been published in a dictionary or similarly authoritative reference work or otherwise listed as genuine, generally as the result of misinterpretation, misreading, or typographical error.

ghosthunter ghosthunters n
chasseur de fantôme chasseuse de fantômes
A person who attempts to track down ghosts.

ghostly /ˈɡoʊstli/ ghostlier ghostliest adj
fantomatique
Of or pertaining to ghosts or spirits.

ghostwriter ghostwriters n
nègre nègre littéraire prête-plume écrivain fantôme
A professional writer who is paid to write material that is officially credited to another person; one who writes on behalf of someone else, often for a celebrity.

ghoul /ɡuːl/ /ɡʊəl/ ghouls n
goule
(mythology, Islam) A demon said to feed on corpses.

ghrelin /ˈɡɹɛlɪn/ ghrelins n
ghréline
(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, secreted in the stomach when empty, that increases appetite and secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. [from 1999]

gianduja /dʒæn.ˈduː.jə/ /d͡ʒɑn.ˈdu.jə/ giandujas n
gianduja
A Piedmontese preparation of chocolate containing about 50 percent hazelnut and almond paste.

giant /ˈd͡ʒaɪ.ənt/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪnt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɪ.ənt/ [ˈd͡ʒəɪ̯(ə)nt] giants n
géant
A mythical human of very great size.
Any of the gigantes, the race of giants in the Greek mythology.
A very tall and large person.
(astronomy) A star that is considerably more luminous than a main sequence star of the same temperature (e.g. red giant, blue giant).

giant anteater giant anteaters n
fourmilier géant tamanoir
The largest species of anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla, found in Central and South America.

giant fennel n
férule férule commune grande férule
Ferula communis, a tall herbaceous perennial (not a true fennel), of the family Apiaceae, native to the Mediterranean and eastern Africa.

giant house spider giant house spiders n
tégénaire géante

giant kettle giant kettles n
marmite de géant
A pothole of very large dimensions, as found in glaciers in Norway (pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream).

giant otter giant otters n
loutre géante
A South American mustelid, Pteronura brasiliensis, that can reach 1.7m in length.

giant panda giant pandas n
ours panda panda géant
A rare, black and white mammal, Ailuropoda melanoleuca, in the ursid (bear) family.

giant pangolin giant pangolins n
pangolin géant
A pangolin of species Manis gigantea of tropical parts of western Africa and western central Africa.

giant salamander giant salamanders n
ménopome salamandre-alligator
Any of the large amphibians in the family Cryptobranchidae.

giant squid giant squid giant squids n
calamar géant calmar géant
Any of the very large squid, of the genus Architeuthis (family Architeuthidae), that live at great depths, and of which little is known.

giant star giant stars n
étoile géante
(star) A star that has stopped fusing hydrogen in its core and as a result has grown much larger and brighter.

giantess /ˈd͡ʒaɪəntɛs/ giantesses n
géante
(fantasy, mythology) A female giant.

giardia /d͡ʒiˈɑɹdiə/ /d͡ʒiˈɑːdɪə/ n
giardia intestinalis
The human intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.

giardiasis /d͡ʒɑː(ɹ)ˈdaɪəsɪs/ giardiases n
giardiase
(disease) Any disease in animals caused by parasites of the genus Giardia.

gibberish /ˈd͡ʒɪb.ə.ɹɪʃ/ gibberishes n
charabia baragouin galimatias chinois
Speech or writing that is unintelligible, incoherent or meaningless.

gibbet /ˈd͡ʒɪbɪt/ gibbets n
gibet potence
An upright post with a crosspiece used for execution and subsequent public display.

gibbon /ˈɡɪbən/ gibbons n
gibbon
A small ape of the family Hylobatidae with long limbs, which it uses to travel through rainforests by swinging from branch to branch.

gibbous /ˈd͡ʒɪbəs/ /ˈɡɪbəs/ more gibbous most gibbous adj
gibbeuse gibbeux
Curved or bulged outward.
(astronomy, of a celestial body) Having more than half (but not the whole) of its disc illuminated.
Humpbacked.

gibbous moon gibbous moons n
lune gibbeuse
(astronomy) A lunar phase either side of the full moon when the moon's disc as seen from the Earth is larger than a semicircle.

gibbousness n
gibbosité
The state or quality of being gibbous.

gibibit gibibits n
gibibit
(computing) Strictly, 230 (10243, or 1,073,741,824) bits or 210 (1024) mebibits, as opposed to a gigabit.

gibibyte /ˈɡɪbɪˌbaɪt/ gibibytes n
gibioctet
(computing) Strictly, 230 (10243, or 1,073,741,824) bytes or 210 (1024) mebibytes, as opposed to a gigabyte.

giblet /ˈd͡ʒɪblət/ /ˈɡɪblət/ giblets n
abat
(usually, in the plural) The edible viscera of a bird.

giblets /ˈd͡ʒɪbləts/ /ˈɡɪbləts/ n
abats
The internal organs of poultry birds, used as food.

giddy /ˈɡɪdi/ giddier giddiest adj
étourdi
Feeling a sense of spinning in the head, causing a perception of unsteadiness and being about to fall down; dizzy.
Unable to concentrate or think seriously; easily excited; impulsive; also, lightheartedly silly; frivolous.
étourdissant
Causing or likely to cause dizziness or a feeling of unsteadiness.

giddyup /ˈɡɪdiˌʌp/ /ˈɡɪdɪˌʌp/ /ˌɡɪdɪˈʌp/ interjection
hue
(directed at a horse) Move on!, go faster!

gift /ɡɪft/ gifts n
cadeau don présent
Something given to another voluntarily, without charge.
don talent
A talent or natural ability.

gift /ɡɪft/ v
donner faire don de offrir
(transitive) To give as a gift or donation.

gift card gift cards n
carte cadeau
A gift certificate in the form of a card issued by retailers as an alternative to a non-monetary gift, allowing the bearer to purchase goods up to its face value.

gift certificate gift certificates n
chèque cadeau
A gift voucher entitling the bearer to a free product or service, intended to be purchased as a gift.

gift of the gab gifts of the gab n
bagout tchatche
(idiomatic) The ability to talk readily, glibly, and convincingly, especially on trivial matters and small talk.

gifted /ˈɡɪftɪd/ more gifted most gifted adj
doué surdoué
Endowed with special, in particular intellectual, abilities.

giftedness giftednesses n
douance

gig /ɡɪɡ/ gigs n
concert
Originally (music) , a performing engagement by a musician or musical group; (by extension, film, television, theater) a job or role for a performer.
gig
(road transport, historical) A two-wheeled carriage drawn by a single horse.
A small, narrow, open boat carried in a larger ship, and used for transportation between the ship and the shore, another vessel, etc.

gig economy gig economies n
économie des petits boulots économie des « petits boulots » économie à la tâche
(economics) That part of the economy consisting of people who work in a transient, contract or self-employed capacity, as opposed to being permanent employees of a business.

giga- /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə/ /ˈɡaɪ.ɡə/ /ˈɡɪɡ.ə/ prefix
giga-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 109 (short scale billion or long scale milliard). Symbol: G
(computing, sometimes, _, proscribed) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 230 or 1,073,741,824.
(slang) Augmenting an adjective; intensely, extremely, or to an exceptionally high degree.
(Internet slang, originally, _, 4chan) Used to augment nouns; denoting an invididual who is a paragon of something.

gigabyte /ˈd͡ʒɪɡəbaɪt/ /ˈɡɪɡəbaɪt/ gigabytes n
gigaoctet gigabyte
(computing, formal) One billion (109, or 1,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 megabytes.

gigalitre gigalitres n
gigalitre
A unit of volume equivalent to 109 litres (one billion [British billion] liters). Symbol: Gl

gigametre gigametres n
gigamètre
A distance of 1,000,000 kilometres.

gigantic /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/ more gigantic most gigantic adj
gigantesque colossal
Very large.

gigantism /d͡ʒaɪˈɡæntɪzəm/ /d͡ʒəˈɡæntɪzəm/ /ˈd͡ʒaɪɡəntɪzəm/ gigantisms n
gigantisme
The quality or state of being gigantic; being of abnormally large size.
A condition where there is over-production of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in a child before the bone growth plates close, resulting in excessive long bone growth, accompanied by muscular weakness and sexual impotence.

gigantomachy /d͡ʒaɪɡænˈtɒməki/ gigantomachies n
gigantomachie
(Greek mythology) The battle of the Giants (offspring of Gaia, according to Hesiod conceived from the spilt blood of Uranus) against the Olympian gods.

gigawatt gigawatts n
gigawatt
One thousand million (109) watts, abbreviated as GW.

gigayear gigayears n
giga année
A billion years, a thousand thousand thousand years.

giggle /ˈɡɪɡl̩/ giggles n
gloussement
A high-pitched, silly laugh.

giggle /ˈɡɪɡl̩/ v
glousser ricaner
To laugh gently in a playful, nervous, or affected manner.

giggles n
fou rire
(with "the") An attack of uncontrolled giggling.

gigolo /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə.loʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɪɡ.ə.ləʊ/ /ˈʒɪɡ.loʊ/ /ˈʒɪɡ.ə.ləʊ/ gigolos n
gigolo prostitué
A man who has a sexual relationship with a woman from whom he receives payment.
A hired escort or dancing partner for a woman.

gigot /ʒi.ɡoʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒɪɡət/ gigots n
gigot
(cooking) A leg of lamb or mutton.

gild /ɡɪld/ v
dorer
(transitive) To cover with a thin layer of gold; to cover with gold leaf.

gild the pill v
dorer la pilule
to make something unappealing look more attractive

gilded /ˈɡɪldɪd/ adj
doré
Having the color or quality of gold.
Made of gold or covered by a thin layer of gold.

gilded cage gilded cages n
cage dorée prison dorée
(figuratively) A place (or, by extension, situation) which is superficially attractive but nevertheless constraining; a comfortable but confined situation.

gilder /ˈɡɪldə/ /ˈɡɪldɚ/ gilders n
doreur doreuse
One who gilds; especially one whose occupation is to overlay things with gold.

gill /ɡɪl/ gills n
branchie ouïe
(animal anatomy) A breathing organ of fish and other aquatic animals.
branchie lamelle ouïe
(mycology) One of the radial folds on the underside of the cap of a mushroom, the surface of which bears the spore-producing organs.

gill slit gill slits n
fente branchiale
(anatomy, fish) An individual opening to gills, which lacks an operculum; characteristic of cartilaginous fish such as sharks.

gilt /ɡɪlt/ [ɡɪɫt] more gilt most gilt adj
doré
Golden coloured.

gimbal /ˈd͡ʒɪmbəl/ /ˈɡɪmbəl/ gimbals n
cardan suspension à la Cardan
A device for suspending something, such as a ship's compass, so that it will remain level when its support is tipped.

gimel /ˈɡɪ.məl/ gimels n
ghimel gimel guimel
The third letter of the several Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac).

gimlet /ˈɡɪm.lət/ gimlets n
vrille
A small screw-tipped tool for boring holes.
gimlet
A cocktail, usually made with gin and lime juice.

gimlet /ˈɡɪm.lət/ v
vriller
To pierce or bore holes (as if using a gimlet).

gimmick /ˈɡɪm.ɪk/ gimmicks n
artifice gadget mécanisme truc
A trick or device used to attain some end.
artifice astuce ficelle stratagème subterfuge
A clever ploy or strategy.

gin /d͡ʒɪn/ gins n
gin
A colourless non-aged alcoholic liquor made by distilling fermented grains such as barley, corn, oats or rye with juniper berries; the base for many cocktails.

gin and tonic gin and tonics gins and tonic gins and tonics n
gin tonic
(uncountable) A simple cocktail made from gin and tonic water, often served on ice and with a slice of lime or lemon.

gin rummy n
gin rami
(card games) A card-holding game and variant of rummy.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ more ginger most ginger adj
rousse roux
(of hair or fur) Of a reddish-brown color.

ginger /ˈdʒɪndʒə/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚ/ gingers n
gingembre
The pungent aromatic rhizome of a tropical Asian herb, Zingiber officinale, used as a spice and as a stimulant and acarminative.
The plant that produces this rhizome.
rouquin rouquemoute
(colloquial, often, _, derogatory, countable) A person with reddish-brown hair; a redhead.

ginger beer ginger beers n
bière de gingembre
(uncountable) A fermented, typically non-alcoholic, drink flavoured with ginger.

ginger-haired adj
rouquin rouquine
having ginger-coloured hair, reddish-yellow or orangey-brown.

gingerbread /ˈd͡ʒɪn.(d͡)ʒəˌbɹɛd/ /ˈd͡ʒɪn.d͡ʒɚˌbɹɛd/ gingerbreads n
pain d'épices pain d'épice
(food) A type of cake whose main flavoring is ginger.
gingerbread style gingerbread
(architecture) A flamboyant Victorian-era architectural style.

gingerbread man gingerbread men n
bonhomme de pain d'épice bonhomme de pain d'épices
A biscuit/cookie in the shape of a person and flavoured with ginger.

gingerly /ˈdʒɪn(d)ʒəli/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɚli/ more gingerly most gingerly adv
doucement précautionneusement
In a cautious and delicate manner; (very) carefully or cautiously.

gingham /ˈɡɪŋ.əm/ ginghams n
vichy
(uncountable) A cotton fabric made from dyed and white yarn woven in checks.

gingival /ˈd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪvəl/ adj
gingival
Relating to the gums.

gingivitis /ˌd͡ʒɪnd͡ʒɪˈvaɪtəs/ gingivites gingivitides n
gingivite
(pathology) Inflammation of the gums or gingivae.

ginkgo /ˈɡɪŋ.kəʊ/ ginkgoes ginkgos n
ginkgo gingko noix de gingko noix de ginkgo
The seed of a ginkgo tree.

ginnel /ˈɡɪnəl/ ginnels n
venelle
(English, especially, _, Yorkshire, Lancashire, Manchester) A narrow passageway or alley often between terraced houses.

ginormous /dʒaɪˈnɔːməs/ more ginormous most ginormous adj
colossal gigantesque méga énorme
(informal) Very large.

ginseng /ˈd͡ʒɪnsɛŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɪnsɪŋ/ ginsengs n
ginseng

giraffe /dʒɪˈɹɑːf/ /d͡ʒəˈɹæf/ giraffe giraffes n
girafe chameaupard
A ruminant, of the genus Giraffa, of the African savannah with long legs and highly elongated neck, which make it the tallest living animal; yellow fur patterned with dark spots, often in the form of a network; and two or more short, skin-covered horns, so-called; strictly speaking the horn-like projections are ossicones.

giraffe weevil giraffe weevils n
scarabée girafe
(entomology) A weevil (Trachelophorus giraffa) endemic to Madagascar.

gird /ɡɜːd/ /ɡɝd/ v
ceindre garrotter lier ligaturer
(transitive) To bind with a flexible rope or cord.
ceindre ceinturer enserrer entourer
(transitive) To encircle with, or as if with a belt.

girder /ˈɡɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɝdɚ/ girders n
poutrelle
A beam of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or structure.

girdle /ˈɡɜːdl̩/ /ˈɡɝdl̩/ girdles n
enceinte
That which girds, encircles, or encloses; a circumference
gaine
A belt or sash at the waist, often used to support stockings or hosiery.
rondiste
The line of greatest circumference of a brilliant-cut diamond, at which it is grasped by the setting.

girl /ɡɛəl/ /ɡɜːɫ/ /ɡɝ.əl/ /ɡɝl/ /ɡɪəl/ /ɡɵːl/ [ɡʏw] girls n
fille jeune fille fillette servante
A young female human, or sometimes a young female animal.
fille femme
(sometimes, offensive, see usage note) A woman, especially a young and often attractive woman.

girl Friday girl Fridays girls Friday n
grouille

girl band girl bands n
girls band

girl group girl groups n
girl group
A pop group made up of (usually attractive) young women.

girl next door girls next door n
fille d'à côté
A regular, typical girl, as opposed to a superstar.

girl's name girls' names n
nom de jeune fille
A given name for a girl.

girldick /ˈɡɚ.əlˌdɪk/ /ˈɡɚlˌdɪk/ /ˈɡɜːlˌdɪk/ /ˈɡɵːlˌdɪk/ girldicks n
girldick

girlfriend /ˈɡɜːlfɹɛnd/ /ˈɡɝlfɹɛnd/ girlfriends n
petite amie amie blonde copine petite copine meuf
A female partner in an unmarried romantic relationship.
(LGBT) A fellow gay man, especially a friend as opposed to a sexual partner.
amie copine
A female friend of a woman or girl.

girlish /ˈɡɜː.lɪʃ/ /ˈɡɝ.lɪʃ/ more girlish most girlish adj
fille jeune fille petite fille
Like (that of) a girl; feminine.

girlmode n
girlmode

girlmode v
girlmoder

girly /ˈɡɜːli/ /ˈɡɝli/ girlier girliest adj
féminin
Characteristic of a stereotypical girl, very effeminate, gentle; unmasculine.

giro /ˈdʒaɪɹəʊ/ giros n
virement
(in Europe) A transfer of funds between different account holders, carried out by the bank according to payer's written instructions.

girth /ɡɜːθ/ /ɡɝθ/ girths n
circonférence
The distance measured around an object.
maille
(graph theory) The length of the shortest cycle in a graph.

gisarme /ɡiˈzɑɹm/ /ɡɪ-/ /ɡɪˈzɑːm/ gisarmes n
guisarme
A type of polearm having a spearhead and a reverse hooked spike on the back.

gist /d͡ʒɪst/ gists n
essentiel
(countable) The main idea or substance, or the most essential part, of a longer or more complicated matter; the crux, the heart, the pith.

git /ɡɪt/ gits n
con taré
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang, pejorative) A silly, incompetent, stupid, or annoying person (usually a man).

give /ɡɪv/ v
donner bailler
To transfer one's possession or holding of (something) to (someone).

give a bad name v
donner une mauvaise réputation
To cause people to lose respect, reverence or esteem for something or someone.

give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime proverb
Donne un poisson à un homme, il mangera un jour. Apprends-lui à pêcher, il mangera toute sa vie.
It is more worthwhile to teach someone to do something (for themselves) than to do it for them (on an ongoing basis).

give a shit /ˈɡɪv ə ˌʃɪt/ v
en avoir quelque chose à foutre n’en avoir rien à foutre s’en foutre
(vulgar, chiefly in negative constructions) To care what someone else thinks or does, particularly in relation to what they think or say about the speaker.

give and take n
compromis concessions donnant donnant

give as good as one gets v
avoir de la repartie avoir du répondant rendre coup pour coup

give away v
donner offrir
(transitive) To make a gift of (something).
se trahir
(transitive, sometimes, _, reflexive) To unintentionally reveal a secret, divulge undisclosed information, or expose someone.

give back v
rendre
(archaic) To recede; to retreat.

give battle v
livrer bataille

give birth v
accoucher mettre au monde donner naissance
(intransitive, of viviparous animals) To release live offspring from the body into the environment.
(transitive, with to, of viviparous animals) To become the parent of by birthing.
(transitive, figuratively, usually, with to, idiom) To become the source of.

give head v
tailler une pipe
(intransitive, idiomatic, slang, vulgar) To perform oral sex on another person. [from 1950s]

give in v
céder s'écrouler
To collapse or fall.
céder abandonner
(idiomatic) To relent, yield, surrender or admit defeat.

give me v
donne-moi donnez-moi
An expression of strong preference or approbation for a named thing.

give of oneself v
donner de sa personne

give off /ɡɪv ɒf/ v
émettre
(transitive) To emit; to produce and send forth; to come across in some manner.

give one's all v
se donner à fond
To make the utmost effort; to contribute, using all of one's abilities and resources.

give one's word v
donner sa parole
To promise.

give oneself airs v
se donner des airs se donner un genre
(intransitive) to act pretentiously, or in a snobbish manner; to swagger

give out v
distribuer
(transitive) To issue; to distribute.

give rise to v
donner lieu
To be the origin of; to produce; to result in.

give someone a piece of one's mind v
dire ses quatre vérités
(idiomatic) To express one's opinion strongly; to voice one's disagreement or dissatisfaction, especially with another person; to scold or rebuke someone.

give someone the cold shoulder v
battre froid à [[quelqu'un]] être en froid avec [[quelqu'un]]
(idiomatic) To snub, resist or reject somebody; to regard somebody distantly.

give someone the creeps v
donner des frissons donner des sueurs froides donner froid dans le dos
(idiomatic) To give someone a feeling of uneasiness or mild fright.

give someone the shits v
agacer casser les couilles courir sur le haricot emmerder enquiquiner faire chier
(Australia, colloquial, vulgar) To annoy or frustrate someone to a great degree.
agacer casser les couilles courir sur le haricot effrayer emmerder enquiquiner
(vulgar) To creep someone out; to scare someone.

give someone the slip v
fausser compagnie
(idiomatic) To evade, escape, or get away from somebody.

give something a miss v
faire l'impasse
(idiomatic) To forgo something.

give the elbow v
dégager larguer virer
(transitive, slang, British) To fire (an employee); to end a relationship with someone; to reject someone.

give the finger v
faire un doigt faire un doigt d'honneur
(usually, _, transitive) To make an obscene gesture (towards someone) by closing the fist and extending the middle finger upwards.

give the floor v
céder la parole donner la parole passer la parole

give the royal treatment v
aux petits oignons

give them an inch and they'll take a mile proverb
tendez-leur la main et ils vous prennent le bras
Granting someone a limited concession will encourage them to take greater liberties.

give up v
se rendre
(transitive) To surrender (someone or something)
abandonner
(transitive) To stop or quit (an activity, etc.)
renoncer
(transitive) To relinquish (something)
désespérer
(transitive) To lose hope concerning (someone or something)

give up the ghost v
rendre l'âme
(intransitive, idiomatic) To cease clinging to life; to die.

give way v
abandonner
To yield to persistent persuasion.
céder
To collapse or break under physical stresses.
To give precedence to other road users.
céder la place à laisser la place à
To be followed, succeeded, or replaced by.
To allow another person to intervene to make a point or ask a question whilst one is delivering a speech.

give way sign give way signs n
cédez-le-passage
(British) a road sign which instructs road users to give right of way to other traffic

give-away shop give-away shops n
magasin gratuit
A shop where people can bring and take goods without paying or getting paid.

given /ˈɡɪv.ən/ givens n
donnée de départ postulat prémisse énoncé
A condition that is assumed to be true without further evaluation.

given /ˈɡɪv.ən/ preposition
vu étant donné
Considering; taking into account.

given name given names n
prénom nom de baptême petit nom
A personal name chosen for a child, usually by their parents.

given that conjunction
dans la mesure où vu que étant donné que
In consideration of the fact that.

giving /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/ more giving most giving adj
généreux
Having the tendency to give; generous.

gizmo /ˈɡɪzmoʊ/ gizmos n
truc machin bidule
(slang) Something, generally a device, for which one does not know the proper term.

gizzard /ˈɡɪzəd/ /ˈɡɪzɚd/ gizzards n
gésier
A specialized organ constructed of thick muscular walls found in the digestive tract of some animals, including archosaurs (including crocodilians and birds), earthworms, some gastropods, some fish, and some crustaceans, and used for grinding up food, often aided by particles of stone or grit.

glabella /ɡləˈbɛlə/ glabellae glabellas n
glabelle
(anatomy) The space between the eyebrows and above the nose.

glabrous /ˈɡleɪbɹəs/ /ˈɡlæ-/ more glabrous most glabrous adj
glabre
Bald, hairless; smooth.

glacial acetic acid n
acide acétique glacial

glacial erratic glacial erratics n
bloc erratique
A rock that differs from the size and type of rock native to the area in which it rests, usually large and transported there by a glacier.

glacier /ˈɡleɪ.ʃɚ/ /ˈɡleɪs.jə/ /ˈɡleɪs.jɚ/ /ˈɡlæs.jə/ glaciers n
glacier
(geology) A large body of ice which flows under its own mass, usually downhill.

glacier buttercup glacier buttercups n
renoncule des glaciers
An arctic-alpine flowering plant, Ranunculus glacialis

glaciologist glaciologists n
glaciologue
A scientist who studies glaciers.

glaciology /ˌɡleɪsɪˈɒlədʒi/ /ˌɡleɪʃiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ glaciologies n
glaciologie
(geography) The study of ice and its effect on the landscape, especially the study of glaciers. [from late 19th c.]

glacis /ˈɡleɪsɪs/ /ˈɡlæsi/ glacis glacises n
glacis
(architectural element, also, figuratively) A gentle incline in front of a fortification which protects it from cannon fire and exposes attackers to more effective return fire from defenders.

glad /ɡlæd/ gladder gladdest more glad most glad adj
content heureux
Pleased, happy, gratified.

glad wrap n
film étirable
(Australia, New Zealand, sometimes, US) Thin plastic film used as a wrap for food, etc.

gladden /ˈɡlædən/ v
réjouir
(transitive) To cause (something) to become more glad.

glade /ɡleɪd/ glades n
clairière
An open passage through a wood; a grassy open or cleared space in a forest.

gladiator /ˈɡlædiˌeɪtɚ/ gladiators n
gladiateur belluaire
(in ancient Rome) A person (professional or slave) who entertained the public by engaging in mortal combat with another, or with a wild animal.

gladiatorial more gladiatorial most gladiatorial adj
gladiatorial
Of or pertaining to a gladiator.

gladiatrix gladiatrices gladiatrixes n
gladiateure gladiatrice
(rare) gladiator (female)

gladiolus /ɡlædɪˈoʊləs/ /ɡlædɪˈəʊləs/ gladioli gladioluses n
glaïeul
Any of several flowering plants, of the genus Gladiolus, having sword-shaped leaves and showy flowers on spikes; gladiola.

gladly /ˈɡlædli/ gladlier gladliest more gladly most gladly adv
heureusement
In a glad manner; happily.
volontiers
Willingly; certainly.

gladness /ˈɡlædnəs/ gladnesses n
allégresse
The state of being glad; joy.

glaive /ɡleɪv/ glaives n
glaive épée tranchante
(historical) A weapon consisting of a pole with a large blade fixed on the end, the edge of which is on the outside curve.

glamorize v
glamouriser
To make or give the appearance of being glamorous.

glamorous /ˈɡlaməɹəs/ more glamorous most glamorous adj
glamoureux charmant
Having glamour; stylish.

glamour /ˈɡlæmə/ /ˈɡlæmɚ/ glamours n
charme
(uncountable) Alluring beauty or charm (often with sex appeal).

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ glances n
coup d'œil
(also, figuratively) A brief or cursory look.

glance /ɡlæns/ /ɡlɑːns/ v
jeter un coup d’œil
To look briefly at (something).

gland /ɡlænd/ glands n
glande
(zoology) A specialized cell, group of cells, or organ of endothelial origin in the human or animal body that synthesizes a chemical substance, such as hormones or breast milk, and releases it, often into the bloodstream (endocrine gland) or into cavities inside the body or its outer surface (exocrine gland).
(botany) A secretory structure on the surface of an organ.

glanders n
morve
An infectious disease of horses, mules and donkeys caused by the bacterium Burkholderia, one species of which may be transmitted to humans.

glandiform more glandiform most glandiform adj
glandiforme
(anatomy) Shaped like, resembling, or characteristic of glands.

glandular /ˈɡlan.djʊl.ə/ /ˈɡlan.d͡ʒʊl.ə/ /ˈɡlan.ʒʊl.ə/ /ˈɡlæn.d͡ʒəl.ɚ/ adj
glandulaire
(medicine) Pertaining to a gland or glands.

glandule /ˈɡlændjuːl/ glandules n
glandule
(anatomy) A small gland or secreting vessel.

glans /ɡlænz/ glandes glans n
gland
(anatomy) A structure at the extremity of the penis and of the clitoris in humans and other mammals.
The acorn or mast of the oak and similar fruits.

glans penis /ˌɡlænz ˈpiːnɪs/ glandes penes glandes penis glandes penium glans penes glans penises n
gland gland du pénis gland pénien
(anatomy) A conical vascularized body forming the extremity of the penis.

glare /ɡlɛə/ /ɡlɛɚ/ glares n
éclat
(uncountable) An intense, blinding light.
Showy brilliance; gaudiness.

glaring /ˈɡlɛəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɡlɛɹɪŋ/ more glaring most glaring adj
évident
Blatant, obvious.

glasnost glasnosts n
glasnost
(historical) 1980s and early 1990s policy of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev to allow more government transparency; often paired with perestroika

glass /ɡlæs/ /ɡlɑːs/ [ɡlas] [ɡleəs] [ɡläːs] [ɡlæs] [ɡlɐːs] [ɡlɑːs] [ɡlɛəs] glasses n
verre vitre
(usually, uncountable) An amorphous solid, often transparent substance, usually made by melting silica sand with various additives (for most purposes, a mixture of soda, potash and lime is added).
verre
(countable) A vessel from which one drinks, especially one made of glass, plastic, or similar translucent or semi-translucent material.

glass ceiling glass ceilings n
plafond de verre
(idiomatic) An unwritten, uncodified barrier to further promotion or progression, in employment and elsewhere, for a member of a specific demographic group.

glass cliff n
falaise de verre

glass cutter glass cutters n
coupe-verre
A hand tool used for scoring a piece of glass so that it can be snapped cleanly in two.

glass door glass doors n
porte vitrée porte en verre
A door made of glass.

glass eye glass eyes n
œil de verre
An artificial eyeball, not necessarily made from glass, intended to replace a missing or removed eye.

glass harmonica glass harmonicas n
glassharmonica
(musical instruments) A musical instrument composed of a series of spinning glass bowls, played with the fingers, invented by Benjamin Franklin.

glass transition temperature glass transition temperatures n
température de transition vitreuse

glass wool glass wools n
laine de verre
An insulating material, made from fiberglass, arranged into a texture similar to wool.

glassblower glassblowers n
souffleur de verre souffleuse de verre
A person skilled in the art of glassblowing.

glassful /ˈɡlæsfəl/ /ˈɡlɑːsfəl/ glassesful glassfuls n
rasade
The amount that a glass will hold.

glassmaker glassmakers n
verrier

glassmaking n
verrerie

glassware glasswares n
verrerie
Articles made from glass, especially drinking glasses, jugs and other tableware made of glass.

glassworks glassworks n
verrerie
A factory that produces glass or items made from glass, such as glassware

glasswort glassworts n
salicorne
Any plant of the salt-tolerant genus Salicornia, once burned to produce the ash used to make soda glass.

glaucoma /ɡlaʊˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkoʊmə/ /ɡlɔːˈkəʊmə/ glaucomas glaucomata n
glaucome
(pathology) An eye disease or disorder that is defined as a characteristic optic neuropathy, or disease of the optic nerve, possibly, if untreated, leading to damage of the optic disc of the eye and resultant visual field loss due to lack of communication between the retina and the brain, which can lead to blindness.

glaucophane glaucophanes n
glaucophane
(mineral) A blue amphibole mineral, a mixed aluminate of sodium, magnesium and aluminium that exhibits pleochroism, with the chemical formula Na2(Mg,Fe2+)3Al2Si8O22(OH)2.

glaucous /ˈɡlɑ.kəs/ /ˈɡlɔ.kəs/ /ˈɡlɔː.kəs/ more glaucous most glaucous adj
glauque
(color) Of a pale grey or bluish-green, especially when covered with a powdery residue.
pruiné
(botany) Covered with a bloom or a pale powdery covering, regardless of colour.

glaucously adv
glauquement

glaze /ɡleɪz/ glazes n
glaçure glaçage émail
(ceramics) The vitreous coating of pottery or porcelain; anything used as a coating or color in glazing. See glaze (transitive verb).
glacis
A transparent or semi-transparent layer of paint.
givre
(meteorology) A smooth coating of ice formed on objects due to the freezing of rain; glaze ice.
glaçage
A smooth edible coating applied to food.
(cooking) Broth reduced by boiling to a gelatinous paste, and spread thinly over braised dishes.

glaze /ɡleɪz/ v
vitrer
(transitive) To install windows.
glacer devenir virtreux
(transitive, ceramics, painting) To apply a thin, transparent layer of coating.

glazier /ˈɡleɪzi.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪzi.əɹ/ /ˈɡleɪzjə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡleɪʒəɹ/ glaziers n
vitrier
One who glazes; a craftsman who works with glass, fitting windows, etc.

glazing /ˈɡleɪzɪŋ/ glazings n
vitrage
The part of a window or wall made of glass or another transparent material.
(architecture) All the windows of a building.

gleam /ɡlim/ /ɡliːm/ gleams n
reflet miroitement rayon
(countable) An appearance of light, especially one which is indistinct or small, or short-lived.

gleam /ɡlim/ /ɡliːm/ v
luire
To shine, especially in an indistinct or intermittent manner; to glisten, to glitter.

gleaming /ˈɡliːmɪŋ/ more gleaming most gleaming adj
brillant
Having a bright sheen.

glean /ɡliːn/ v
glaner
To collect what is left behind (grain, grapes, etc.) after the main harvest or gathering.
(figurative) To gather information in small amounts, with implied difficulty, bit by bit.

gleaner gleaners n
glaneur glaneuse
One who gleans.

gleaning /ˈɡliːnɪŋ/ gleanings n
glanage
The act of collecting leftover crops from farmers' fields after they have been commercially harvested or on fields where it is not economically profitable to harvest.

glee /ɡliː/ glees n
joie
(uncountable) Joy; happiness; great delight, especially from one's own good fortune or from another's misfortune.
(singing, countable) An unaccompanied part song for three or more solo voices, not necessarily merry.

gleek /ɡliːk/ gleeks n
plaisanterie
A jest or scoff; trick or deception.
brelan
(countable) Three of the same cards held in one hand; three of a kind.
œillade
An enticing glance or look.
aubaine bonne affaire bonne fortune coup de pot
(informal) A stream of saliva from a person's mouth.

gleek /ɡliːk/ v
dauber se ficher de se foutre de
(obsolete, transitive) To ridicule, or mock; to make sport of.

glen /ɡlɛn/ /ɡlɪn/ glens n
vallon
A secluded and narrow valley, especially one with a river running through it; a depression between hills; a dale.

glenoid glenoids n
glène
(anatomy) A shallow depression in a bone, especially in the scapula.

glial /ˈɡliː.əl/ adj
glial
Of or pertaining to glia.

glib /ɡlɪb/ glibber glibbest adj
désinvolte
Having a ready flow of words but lacking thought or understanding; superficial; shallow.

glibness glibnesses n
désinvolture
The condition of being glib

glide /ˈɡlaɪd/ v
glisser
(intransitive) To move softly, smoothly, or effortlessly.
planer
(intransitive) To fly unpowered, as of an aircraft. Also relates to gliding birds and flying fish.

glider /ˈɡlaɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlaɪdɚ/ gliders n
planeur
Any heavier-than-air aircraft optimised for unpowered flight; a sailplane.
A pilot of glider aircraft.
(cellular automata) In the Game of Life, a particular configuration of five cells that recurs periodically at fixed offsets and appears to "walk" across the grid.

gliding /ˈɡlɑɪdɪŋ/ glidings n
vol à voile
The hobby, sport, or act of flying a glider.

glimmer /ˈɡlɪmə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪmɚ/ glimmers n
lueur
A faint light; a dim glow.
A faint or remote possibility.

glimmer /ˈɡlɪmə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪmɚ/ v
émettre une lueur
(intransitive) To shine with a faint, unsteady light.

glimmer of hope glimmers of hope n
lueur d'espoir

glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ glimpses n
aperçu
A brief look, glance, or peek.

glimpse /ɡlɪmps/ v
entrevoir
(transitive) To see or view briefly or incompletely.

glioblastoma glioblastomas glioblastomata n
glioblastome
A fast-growing, malignant tumor of the brain.

glioma /ɡlaɪˈəʊmə/ gliomas gliomata n
gliome
(pathology) A tumour that arises from glial cells in the brain or spinal cord

glissando glissandi glissandoes glissandos n
glissando
(music) Either a continuous sliding from one pitch to another ("true" glissando), or an incidental scale played while moving from one melodic note to another ("effective" glissando).

glisten /ˈɡlɪsən/ v
reluire
(intransitive, of a wet or greasy surface) To reflect light with a glittering luster; to sparkle, coruscate, glint or flash.

glitch /ɡlɪt͡ʃ/ glitches n
accroc
hic os pépin
(countable) A problem affecting function.
bogue
(video games) A bug or an exploit.

glitter /ˈɡlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪtɚ/ [ˈɡlɪɾɚ] glitters n
étincellement
A bright, sparkling light; shininess or brilliance.
paillette
A shiny, decorative adornment, sometimes sprinkled on glue to make simple artwork.

glitter /ˈɡlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡlɪtɚ/ [ˈɡlɪɾɚ] v
briller
To sparkle with light; to shine with a brilliant and broken light or showy luster; to gleam.

glittering /ˈɡlɪtəɹɪŋ/ more glittering most glittering adj
étincelant
Brightly sparkling.

gloaming /ˈɡloʊ.mɪŋ/ /ˈɡləʊ.mɪŋ/ gloamings n
crépuscule heure bleue
(poetry, Scotland, North England) Twilight, as at early morning (dawn) or (especially) early evening; dusk.

gloat /ɡloʊt/ /ɡləʊt/ v
jubiler
To exhibit a conspicuous (sometimes malevolent) pleasure or sense of self-satisfaction, often at an adversary's misfortune.

global /ˈɡloʊbəl/ /ˈɡləʊbəl/ more global most global adj
mondial global
Concerning all parts of the world.
globulaire
Spherical, ball-shaped.

global cooling n
refroidissement climatique
Global climate change in the form of declining average temperatures; which was conjectured in the 1970s.

global positioning system global positioning systems n
système de positionnement par satellites
Any system which enables a mobile receiver to determine its precise location based on signals received from satellites such as those of the US military, the Russian GLONASS system, or the proposed Galileo European alternative system.

global village global villages n
village global
The world as a single community of interdependent inhabitants who are interconnected by contemporary technology, especially television and the World Wide Web.

global warming n
réchauffement climatique
A sustained increase in the average temperature of the Earth, sufficient to cause climate change.

globalisation /ˌɡloʊ.bə.lɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɡləʉ.bə.lɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɡləʊ.bə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ globalisations n
mondialisation
The process of becoming a more interconnected world.
The process of the world economy becoming dominated by capitalist models, according to the World System Theory.

globalism globalisms n
globalisme mondialisme
An ideology based on the belief that people, goods and information ought to be able to cross national borders unfettered.

globalist more globalist most globalist adj
globaliste
Of or pertaining to globalism.

globalist globalists n
globaliste
An advocate of globalism.

globalize /ˈɡloʊ.bə.laɪz/ /ˈɡləʉ.bə.lɑɪz/ /ˈɡləʊ.bə.laɪz/ v
globaliser
(transitive) to make something global in scope, as:

globally /ˈɡloʊbəli/ /ˈɡləʊbəli/ adv
globalement
Over the entire planet.

globe /ɡloʊb/ /ɡloːb/ /ɡləʊb/ globes n
Terre terre
The planet Earth.
globe
A spherical model of Earth or other planet.

globe thistle globe thistles n
échinope
Any of the flowering plants in the genus Echinops, with spiny foliage and blue or white spherical flower heads.

globeflower globeflowers n
trolle
More generally, any plant of the genus Trollius.

globetrotter /ˈɡləʊbˌtɹɒtə(ɹ)/ globetrotters n
globetrotteur bourlingueur
A person who travels often to faraway places.

globin /ˈɡloʊ.bɪn/ /ˈɡləʉ.bɪn/ /ˈɡləʊ.bɪn/ globins n
globine

globular /ˈɡlɑb.jə.lɚ/ more globular most globular adj
globulaire
Roughly spherical in shape; globe-shaped.

globular cluster globular clusters n
amas globulaire
(astronomy) a densely-packed spherical star cluster containing thousands to millions of stars

globule /ˈɡlɑbjul/ /ˈɡlɒbjuːl/ globules n
globule
A small round particle of substance; a drop.

globus cruciger /ˌɡloʊ̯bəs ˈkrusɪd͡ʒɚ/ /ˌɡləʊ̯bəs ˈkɹuːsɪd͡ʒə/ globus crucigers n
orbe orbe crucigère
A globe topped by a cross, used as a symbol of royal power.

glockenspiel /-spil/ /-spiːl/ /ˈɡlɑk.ənˌʃpil/ /ˈɡlɒk.ənˌʃpiːl/ /ˈɡlɔk.n̩ˌʃpiːl/ /ˈɡlɔk.ŋ̩ˌʃpiːl/ glockenspiels n
carillon jeu de timbres
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the percussion idiophone family of instruments; like the xylophone, it has tuned bars arranged like the keys on a piano, and is also smaller in size and higher in pitch.

glomerular adj
glomérulaire
Of, pertaining to or affecting a glomerulus.

gloom /ɡlum/ /ɡluːm/ glooms n
obscurité grisaille pénombre
Darkness, dimness, or obscurity.
morosité noirceur sombreur
A depressing, despondent, or melancholic atmosphere.
morosité
Cloudiness or heaviness of mind; melancholy; aspect of sorrow; low spirits; dullness.

gloomy /ˈɡlumi/ /ˈɡluːmi/ gloomier gloomiest adj
sombre lugubre terne
Not very illuminated; dim because of darkness, especially when appearing depressing or frightening.
sombre lugubre maussade morne mélancolique terne
Suffering from gloom; melancholy; dejected.

glorification glorifications n
glorification
The act of glorifying or the state of being glorified.

glorified more glorified most glorified adj
amélioré
transformed into something more glorious than it actually is (often used sarcastically)

glorify /ˈɡlɔɹɪfaɪ/ v
glorifier
(transitive) To exalt, or give glory or praise to (something or someone).
(transitive) To make (something) appear to be more glorious than it is; regard something or someone as excellent baselessly.

glorious /ˈɡlɒ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈɡlɔɹ.i.əs/ /ˈɡlɔː.ɹi.əs/ gloriouser gloriousest more glorious most glorious adj
glorieux illustre
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory.
glorieux splendide
Bright or shining;

glory /ˈɡlo(ː)ɹi/ /ˈɡlɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡlɔː.ɹi/ [ˈɡloɹ.i] glories n
gloire
Great beauty and splendor.
Honour, admiration, or distinction, accorded by common consent to a person or thing; high reputation; renown.
Worship or praise.

glory days n
heures de gloire

glory hole glory holes n
glory hole
(slang, sex) A hole in a screen or wall big enough to allow an erect penis to be stuck through, made to facilitate anonymous sex with another person.

gloss /ɡlɑs/ /ɡlɒs/ /ɡlɔs/ glosses n
glose
(countable) A brief explanatory note or translation of a foreign, archaic, technical, difficult, complex, or uncommon expression, inserted after the original, in the margin of a document, or between lines of a text.

glossary /ˈɡlɒsəɹi/ glossaries n
glossaire
A list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with their definitions.

glossator glossators n
glossateur
One who writes glosses.
(historical, law) A legal scholar of the Middle Ages, (specifically) one who authored glosses on legal texts (especially the Corpus Juris of Justinian), typically distinguished from the later commentators who wrote in extended prose and adopted a more pragmatic form of jurisprudence.

glossodynia n
glossodynie
(medicine) A burning sensation on the lips, tongue, or entire mouth.

glossography glossographies n
glossographie
The writing of glossaries or glosses
The study of ancient words or languages

glossolalia /ˌɡlɑsəˈleɪliə/ /ˌɡlɒsəˈleɪliə/ glossolalias n
glossolalie
Speaking a language one does not know, or speaking elaborate but apparently meaningless speech, while in a trance-like state (or, supposedly, under the influence of a deity or spirits); speaking in tongues. [from late 19th c.]

glossonym /ˈɡlɑ.sə.nɪm/ /ˈɡlɒ.sə.nɪm/ glossonyms n
glossonyme glottonyme
The name of a language.

glossoplegia n
glossoplégie
Paralysis of the tongue.

glossy /ˈɡlɑsi/ /ˈɡlɒsi/ /ˈɡlɔsi/ glossier glossiest adj
brillant luisant
Having a smooth, silk-like, reflective (shiny) surface.

glossy antshrike glossy antshrikes n
batara luisant
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Sakesphorus luctuosus).

glossy ibis glossy ibises n
Ibis falcinelle
Plegadis falcinellus, a medium-sized wading bird with a long, decurved bill.

glottal /ˈɡlɑ.tl̩/ /ˈɡlɒt.l̩/ /ˈɡlɔt.l̩/ [ˈɡlɑ.ɾl̩] [ˈɡlɔɾ.l̩] adj
glottique glottal
Of or relating to the glottis.

glottal stop /ɡlɑtəl stɑp/ /ɡlɒtəl stɒp/ /ɡlɒʔəl stɒp/ glottal stops n
coup de glotte
(phonetics) A plosive sound articulated with the glottis.

glottis /ˈɡlɑ.tɪs/ /ˈɡlɒ.tɪs/ glottides glottises n
glotte
(anatomy) The opening between the true vocal cords which is located in the larynx and affects voice modulation through expansion or contraction.

glove /ɡlʌv/ gloves n
gant
An item of clothing, covering all or part of the hand and fingers, but usually allowing independent movement of the fingers.

glove box glove boxes n
boîte à gants
A plastic box or similar enclosure containing a controlled environment, with rubber gloves fastened around holes in the front of the box through which a person can manipulate things in the box without introducing outside contamination; an isolator.

glove compartment glove compartments n
boîte à gants
(automotive) A compartment recessed in an automobile’s dashboard, that usually has a door and can be locked, intended to hold gloves, papers, etc.

glover /ˈɡlʌvə/ /ˈɡlʌvɚ/ glovers n
gantier gantière
A person who makes or sells gloves.

glow /ɡloʊ/ /ɡləʊ/ glows n
lueur
The light given off by a glowing object.
The condition of being passionate or having warm feelings.
lueur éclat
The brilliance or warmth of color in an environment or on a person (especially one's face).

glow /ɡloʊ/ /ɡləʊ/ v
briller luire
To emit light as if heated.
irradier
(copulative) To radiate thermal heat.

glow plug glow plugs n
bougie de préchauffage
a device in a diesel engine that heats the combustion chamber to help ignition

glow stick glow sticks n
bâton lumineux
A single-use translucent plastic tube containing isolated substances which when combined are capable of producing light through chemoluminescence without an electrical power source; used as an emergency light source or in recreational contexts such as camping and nightclubs.

glower /ˈɡlaʊə(ɹ)/ glowers n
regard noir
An angry glare or stare. [from late 15th c.]

glower /ˈɡlaʊə(ɹ)/ v
lancer un regard noir
(intransitive) To look or stare with anger. [from late 15th c.]

glowing /ˈɡloʊɪŋ/ /ˈɡləʊɪŋ/ more glowing most glowing adj
brillant luisant
That glows or glow.

glowworm glowworms n
ver luisant
The larva or wingless grub-like female of a beetle from the families Phengodidae or Lampyridae that gives out a green light from its abdomen.

glucagon /ˈɡlukəˌɡɑn/ /ˈɡluːkəɡɒn/ /ˈɡluːkəɡən/ glucagons n
glucagon
(biochemistry) A peptide hormone, produced by the pancreas, that opposes the action of insulin by stimulating the production of sugar [from 1923]

glucocorticoid glucocorticoids n
glucocorticoïde
(steroid hormone) Any of a group of steroid hormones, produced by the adrenal cortex, that are involved in metabolism and have anti-inflammatory properties.

glucogallin n
glucogalline

glucometer glucometers n
glucomètre
(medicine) A glucose meter, a device for measuring the concentration of glucose in the blood

gluconic adj
gluconique
Of or pertaining to gluconic acid or its derivatives

gluconic acid gluconic acids n
acide gluconique
(sugar acid) An organic compound, C6H12O7, formed by oxidizing the aldehyde functional group of glucose into a carboxylic acid; used as a food additive; any glucosyl derivative of this compound

glucose /ˈɡlukoʊs/ /ˈɡluːkəʊz/ glucoses n
glucose
(carbohydrate) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principle source of energy for cellular metabolism.

glucoside glucosides n
glucoside
(biochemistry) A glycoside that yields glucose after hydrolysis.

glucuronic adj
glucuronique
(biochemistry) Of or pertaining to glucuronic acid or its derivatives.

glue /ɡljuː/ /ɡluː/ glues n
colle
A hard gelatin made by boiling bones and hides, used in solution as an adhesive; or any sticky adhesive substance.

glue /ɡljuː/ /ɡluː/ v
coller
(transitive) To join or attach something using glue.

glue stick glue sticks n
bâton de colle
A solid adhesive in a twist- or push-up tube, most commonly seen in schools and offices.

glueball glueballs n
boule de glu

gluer gluers n
colleur
One who glues.

gluhwein /ˈɡluːvʌɪn/ gluhweins n
vin chaud
A type of mulled wine from German-speaking countries made from red wine with cinnamon and other herbs and spices.

gluino gluinos n
gluino

glum /ɡlʌm/ glummer glummest adj
morose
despondent; moody; sullen

glume glumes n
glume

glumelle glumelles n
glumelle
(botany) One of the inner chaffy scales of the flowers or spikelets of grasses.

gluon /ˈɡluːɒn/ gluons n
gluon
(particle) A massless gauge boson that binds quarks together to form baryons, mesons and other hadrons and is associated with the strong nuclear force.

gluonic more gluonic most gluonic adj
gluonique
(physics) Of, pertaining to, or mediated by gluons.

glut /ɡlʊt/ /ɡlʌt/ v
inonder
(transitive, economics) To provide (a market) with so much of a product that the supply greatly exceeds the demand.
gargantuer
(intransitive) To eat gluttonously or to satiety.

glutamate /ˈɡluːtəmeɪt/ glutamates n
glutamate
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of glutamic acid.

glutamic acid n
acide glutamique
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, α-amino-glutaric acid, occurring widely in animal and plant tissues; the salt, monosodium glutamate is used as a flavour-enhancing seasoning.

glutamine /ˈɡlutəmin/ glutamines n
glutamine
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H10N2O3 found in most animal and plant proteins.

glutaric adj
glutarique
Of or pertaining to glutaric acid or its derivatives

gluteal adj
glutéal
(anatomy) Relating to the buttocks.

gluteal cleft gluteal clefts n
raie des fesses pli fessier pli glutéal pli interfessier raie sillon fessier
(anatomy) The groove between the buttocks that runs from just below the sacrum to the perineum.

gluten /ˈɡluːtn̩/ /ˈɡluːtən/ glutens n
gluten
(cooking, biochemistry) The major protein in cereal grains, especially wheat; responsible for the elasticity in dough and the structure in baked bread. [from 19th c.]

gluten-free adj
sans gluten
(of food) Containing no gluten.

gluteus glutei gluteuses n
fessier
(muscle) Any of the several muscles of the nates, each of which arises from the pelvis and inserts into a femur.

gluteus maximus glutei maximi n
grand fessier
(muscle) The largest of the muscles of each buttock.

glutinous /ˈɡluːtɪnəs/ more glutinous most glutinous adj
glutineux
Glue-like, sticky, viscid.

glutinous rice n
riz gluant
A variety of short-grain rice popular in Southeast and East Asia, known for its stickiness when cooked.

glutton /ˈɡlʌt(ə)n/ gluttons n
glouton goinfre gourmand gargantua
One who eats voraciously, obsessively, or to excess; a gormandizer.

gluttonous /ˈɡlʌt(ə)nəs/ more gluttonous most gluttonous adj
glouton goulu gourmand
Given to excessive eating; prone to overeating.
vorace avide goulu
Greedy.

gluttony /ˈɡlʌ.tən.i/ gluttonies n
gourmandise gloutonnerie
The vice of eating to excess.

glycemia glycemias n
glycémie
(medicine, American spelling) Presence of glucose in the blood (which is always true), and (usually, more specifically) average concentration thereof over time, and its regulation; in this sense, glycemia is hypernymic to euglycemia, hyperglycemia, and hypoglycemia, and a mention of glycemia is a reference to blood sugar regulation and degree or quality thereof.

glycemic more glycemic most glycemic adj
glycémique
(American spelling) Of, pertaining to or suffering from glycemia.

glycerate glycerates n
glycérate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of glyceric acid

glyceride /ˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/ glycerides n
acylglycérol glycéride
(organic compound) An ester of glycerol and one or more fatty acid; they are the major constituents of lipids.

glycerine /ˈɡlɪsəɹɪn/ glycerines n
glycérine glycérol
(organic compound) The common name for glycerol, glycerin or E422.

glycerol glycerols n
glycérol
A syrupy sweet liquid obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of soap from animal or vegetable oils and fats; it is used as an antifreeze, a plasticizer, and a food sweetener and in the manufacture of dynamite, cosmetics etc.

glycine /ˈɡlaɪˌsin/ glycines n
glycine
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, amino-acetic acid, C2H5NO2 found in most proteins but especially in sugar cane; the simplest amino acid.

glycinemia n
glycinémie

glyco- prefix
glyco-
sugars

glycogen glycogens n
glycogène
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals; converted to glucose as needed.

glycogenesis glycogeneses n
glycogenèse
(biochemistry) The synthesis of glycogen from glucose

glycogenosis glycogenoses n
glycogénose
(pathology) A metabolic disorder characterized by the inability to metabolize glycogen properly

glycol /ˈɡlaɪ̯.kɒl/ glycols n
glycol
(organic chemistry) Any aliphatic diol.

glycolysis glycolyses n
glycolyse
(biochemistry) The cellular degradation of the simple sugar glucose to yield pyruvic acid, and ATP as an energy source

glycoprotein glycoproteins n
glycoprotéine
(protein) A protein with covalently bonded carbohydrates.

glycoside glycosides n
glycoside
(organic chemistry, biochemistry) A molecule in which a sugar group (the glycone) is bound to a non-sugar group (the corresponding aglycone) by a nitrogen or oxygen atom. Glycosides yield a sugar after undergoing hydrolysis.

glymphatic adj
glymphatique
(biology, anatomy) Of or relating to the waste clearance pathway for the central nervous system of vertebrates.

glyph /ɡlɪf/ glyphs n
glyphe
A figure carved in relief or incised, especially representing a sound, word, or idea.

glyphosate /ɡlaɪˈfɒseɪt/ /ˈɡlaɪfə-/ /ˈɡlɪfəseɪt/ glyphosates n
glyphosate
N-phosphonomethyl glycine, the active ingredient of several herbicides that inhibit a plant growth enzyme.

glyptics n
glyptique
The art of engraving on precious stones.

gnarl /nɑː(ɹ)l/ gnarls n
noeud
Something resembling a knot in wood, such as in stone or limbs.

gnarled /nɑː(ɹ)ld/ more gnarled most gnarled adj
noueux ratatiné
Knotty and misshapen.
noueux
Made rough by age or hard work.

gnash /næʃ/ v
grincer serrer les dents
(transitive) To grind (one's teeth) in pain or in anger.

gnat /næt/ gnats n
moucheron
Any small insect of the order Diptera, specifically within the suborder Nematocera.

gnaw /nɑ/ /nɔ/ /nɔː/ v
ronger
(ambitransitive) To bite something persistently, especially something tough.
harceler préoccuper
(intransitive) To produce excessive anxiety or worry.

gneiss /ˈnaɪs/ gneisses n
gneiss
(geology) A common and widely-distributed metamorphic rock having bands or veins, but not schistose.

gneissic adj
gneisseux gneissique
(geology) of or relating to gneiss

gnocchi /ˈnjoʊ.ki/ /ˈnjɒ.ki/ /ˈnɒ.ki/ gnocchis n
gnocchis
Italian pasta-like dumpling(s) made of potato or semolina.

gnome /noʊm/ /nəʊm/ gnomes n
gnome
(mythology, fantasy) One of a race of imaginary human-like beings, usually depicted as short and typically bearded males, who inhabit the inner parts of the earth and act as guardians of mines, mineral treasure, etc.; in modern fantasy literature and games, when distinguished from dwarves, gnomes are usually even smaller than dwarves and more focussed on engineering than mining.
A small statue of a dwarf-like character, often bearded, placed in a garden.

gnomon /ˈnoʊ.mən/ /ˈnoʊˌmɑn/ /ˈnəʊ.mən/ /ˈnəʊˌmɒn/ gnomons n
gnomon style
An object such as a pillar or a rod that is used to tell time by the shadow it casts when the sun shines on it, especially the pointer on a sundial. [from mid 16th c.]
gnomon
(geometry) A plane figure formed by removing a parallelogram from a corner of a larger parallelogram.

gnomonic /nəʊˈmɒnɪk/ adj
gnomonique
(cartography) Showing all great circles as straight lines, and thus preserving the shortest distances between any two locations.

gnomonics /nəʊˈmɒnɪks/ n
gnomonique
The science, art and craft of designing and constructing sundials.

gnomonist /ˈnəʊmənɪst/ gnomonists n
gnomoniste
One skilled in gnomonics; a person who makes sundials.

gnoseological adj
gnoséologique
Of or pertaining to gnoseology.

gnosis /ˈnəʊ.sɪs/ gnoses n
gnose
(religion) An immanent form of knowledge or transcendent insight, such as sought by the Gnostics.

gnu /njuː/ /nuː/ /ɡəˈnjuː/ /ɡəˈnuː/ gnu gnus n
gnou
A large antelope of the genus Connochaetes, native to Africa, having curved horns.

go /ɡoʊ/ [ɡu] [ɡɐʉ] [ɡəʉ] [ɡəʊ] goes n
go jeu de go
(board game) A strategic board game, originally from China and today also popular in Japan and Korea, in which two players (black and white) attempt to control the largest area of the board with their counters.
tour
A turn at something, or in something (e.g. a game).
essai
An attempt, a try.
approbation feu vert
An approval or permission to do something, or that which has been approved.

go /ɡoʊ/ [ɡu] [ɡɐʉ] [ɡəʉ] [ɡəʊ] v
aller
(intransitive) To move through space (especially to or through a place). (May be used of tangible things like people or cars, or intangible things like moods or information.)
faire
(intransitive) To navigate (to a file or folder on a computer, a site on the internet, a memory, etc).
(intransitive) To sound; to make a noise.
To say (something), to make a sound:
marcher fonctionner
(intransitive, chiefly, of a, machine) To work or function (properly); to move or perform (as required).
aller devenir [[s'en|s’en]] aller disparaitre faire partir
To turn out, to result; to come to (a certain result).

go Dutch v
payer chacun sa part
(idiom, informal, slang) To pay for one's own food and bills, or split the cost, when eating at a restaurant or going out for entertainment.

go a long way v
être d'une grande aide
(idiomatic) To be adequate or helpful for a significant amount of time.
aller loin réussir
(idiomatic) To achieve considerable success.

go abroad v
[[partir à l'étranger]]

go ahead /ˌɡoʊ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡu əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡɐʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʉ əˈhɛd/ /ˌɡəʊ əˈhɛd/ v
allez-y vas-y
(in the imperative) Used to grant permission for or to give endorsement of a suggestion or proposal.

go all out v
mettre les petits plats dans les grands
(idiomatic) To reserve nothing; to put forth all possible effort or resources.

go away interjection
allez loin! allez-vous-en va loin! va-t'en!

go away v
partir s'en aller
To depart or leave a place.
partir
To travel somewhere, especially on holiday or vacation.
disparaître
To vanish or disappear.

go back v
retourner revenir rentrer
(intransitive) To return to a place or state after having been there at a previous time.

go back on v
revenir sur
to fail to keep; to renege on.

go bad v
pourrir moisir périmer se perdre tourner
(of foods and commodities) To spoil, rot, or otherwise become unusable due to age or storage conditions.

go ballistic v
devenir fou furieux
(idiomatic) To become very angry and irrational.

go bankrupt v
faire faillite déposer le bilan
(intransitive) To become bankrupt.

go by v
passer suivre fier ignorer
To follow; to assume as true for the purposes of making a decision, taking an action, etc.

go down v
baisser diminuer
(intransitive) To decrease; to change from a greater value to a lesser one.
descendre
To descend; to move from a higher place to a lower one.
tomber
(intransitive) To fall (down); to fall to the floor.
être consideré (comme)
(intransitive) To be recorded or remembered (as).
tomber en panne
(intransitive, computing, engineering) To stop functioning, to go offline.

go down in history v
entrer dans [[l']]histoire faire date faire époque

go down on v
descendre à la cave descendre à la crèmerie gamahucher sucer
(idiomatic, euphemistic, colloquial) To perform oral sex upon (a person of either sex).

go easy v
y aller doucement y aller mollo
(informal, intransitive, or transitive with on or with) To treat gently and with understanding.
y aller mollo
(informal, intransitive, or transitive with on or with) To use sparingly or carefully.

go far v
aller loin
(idiom, intransitive) To attain success, especially from humble origins; achieve a great deal.

go figure /ɡoʊ ˈfɪɡjɚ/ phraseologicalUnit
va savoir va savoir pourquoi
(idiomatic) Expresses perplexity, puzzlement, or surprise (as if telling somebody to try to make sense of the situation).

go fly a kite phraseologicalUnit
aller se faire cuire un œuf aller se faire foutre aller se faire mettre aller se faire voir aller se faire voir chez les Grecs s’en aller au diable
(informal, idiomatic, mostly, imperative) To go away; get lost; leave.

go for broke v
tenter le tout pour le tout
(idiomatic) To try everything possible or do every last thing possible in a final attempt.

go from bad to worse v
de mal en pis

go fuck oneself phraseologicalUnit
va te faire baiser va te faire enculer va te faire foutre

go fuck your mother /ˈɡəʊ ˈfʌk jə(ɹ) ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/ phraseologicalUnit
va niquer ta mère
(vulgar, offensive, dismissal) to beat it, to get lost.

go home v
regagner ses pénates rentrer
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see go,‎ home. To return to one's house.

go hungry v
sauter un repas
To miss a meal.

go in one ear and out the other v
entrer par une oreille et sortir par l'autre
(idiomatic) To be heard but not attended to, when a person fails to pay attention.

go it alone /ˈɡoʊ ɪt əˈloʊn/ /ˈɡəʊ ɪt əˈləʊn/ v
faire cavalier seul
(colloquial) To do something alone or independently, especially something that is normally or better done in groups.

go nuts v
devenir chèvre devenir fou péter les plombs péter un câble péter un plomb
(informal) To become mad.
allez-y vas-y
(informal, in the imperative) Go ahead; feel free.

go off v
exploser
(intransitive) To explode.
(intransitive, figurative) To explode metaphorically; to become very angry.

go on v
continuer prendre
(intransitive) To continue in extent.
(intransitive) To continue an action.
prendre
(intransitive) To proceed.
prendre se passer
(intransitive) To happen (occur).

go out v
sortir
(intransitive) To leave, especially a building.
(intransitive, idiomatic) To leave one's abode to go to public places, especially for recreation or entertainment.
(intransitive, of a couple) To have a romantic relationship, one that involves going out together on dates; to be a couple.
éteindre
To be turned off or extinguished.

go over v
scruter
(idiomatic) To look at carefully; to scrutinize; to analyze.

go overboard v
en faire des caisses en faire des tonnes
(intransitive, idiomatic) To go too far; to exceed reasonable bounds.

go past v
dépasser passer
To surpass a boundary; to go by a limit.

go pear-shaped /ɡoʊ ˈpɛɚʃeɪpt/ /ɡəʊ ˈpɛəʃeɪpt/ v
aller à vau-l'eau partir en couille partir en sucette partir en vrille partir à la dérive partir à vau-l'eau
(intransitive, Australia, Britain, New Zealand, Ireland, idiomatic) To go awry; to go wrong. [from 1980s]

go postal /ˌɡoʊ ˈpoʊstəl/ /ˌɡəʊ ˈpəʊstl̩/ v
péter un câble
(intransitive, chiefly, US, informal) To become aggressive and erratic, especially due to stress; specifically, to carry out a shooting spree at a workplace environment; also (more generally) to become very angry; to lose one's temper.

go rogue v
changer de camp retourner sa veste trahir
(intransitive, idiom) To switch allegiance to, affiliation with, or membership in, a country, political party, employer, club, etc. (for example, as a spy, soldier, politician, employee, club member, etc.).

go round in circles v
tourner en rond
(idiomatic) To repeatedly do the same thing without making any progress.

go so far as v
à tant faire que de
(idiomatic) To reach an unexpected extent in doing something.

go sour v
mal tourner tourner au vinaigre
(figuratively) To become unpleasing, unpleasant, unsatisfying, unfulfilling to one's wishes.

go south v
dégénérer mal tourner
(idiomatic) To become unfavorable; to decrease; to take a turn for the worse.

go steady v
sortir avec
(intransitive, colloquial) To date one person regularly and exclusively.

go through v
traverser
(literally) To travel from one end of something to the other.
passer en revue
(transitive) To examine or scrutinize (a number or series of things).
traverser subir vivre
(transitive) To undergo, suffer, experience.
arriver délivrer
(intransitive) To reach an intended destination after passing through some process.

go through hell v
en voir de toutes les couleurs

go through the mill v
en voir de toutes les couleurs être mis à rude épreuve
(idiomatic) To experience the suffering or discipline necessary to bring one to a certain degree of knowledge or skill, or to a certain mental state.

go to Canossa v
aller à Canossa

go to bed v
se coucher aller au lit aller se coucher
To lie down to sleep, put oneself in one's bed.

go to bed with v
coucher
(euphemistic) To have sex with someone.

go to bed with the sun v
se coucher avec les poules

go to hell v
aller se faire voir allez au diable va au diable
Expression of anger and contempt directed at someone, especially after that individual has done something very wrong.

go to shit v
partir en couille
(slang, vulgar) To become much worse.

go to someone's head v
monter à la tête

go to the dogs v
aller à vau-l'eau
(idiomatic) To decline or deteriorate shockingly.

go to war v
entrer en guerre
(intransitive) To enter into an armed conflict.

go too far v
dépasser les bornes exagérer pousser le bouchon

go up v
monter s'élever
To move upwards

go up in smoke v
partir en fumée
To catch fire and burn.

go viral v
viraliser
(sociology) To be rapidly and frequently shared, especially through social media, but (with retroactive application to pre-internet occurrences) also via gossip or as a collective response to broadcasting or widespread print circulation.

go with the flow v
faire comme tout le monde
(idiomatic) To act as others are acting, conforming to common behavior patterns with an attitude of calm acceptance.

go without saying v
cela va sans dire il va de soi il va sans dire inutile de dire ça va sans dire
(idiomatic, impersonal) To not need to be said; to be obvious, apparent, clear, or already established.

go wrong v
mal tourner
(intransitive, idiomatic) To fail or go amiss; to have a bad outcome.
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become wicked or depraved.

go-cart go-carts n
kart
A small, open-wheeled vehicle for racing; often spelled go-kart.

go-getter go-getters n
fonceur fonceuse
(idiomatic) An active and enterprising person; one who is motivated or inclined to excel; one who strives to achieve success or improvement.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ goads n
aiguillon
A long, pointed stick used to prod animals.

goad /ɡoʊd/ /ɡəʊd/ v
aiguillonner
To prod with a goad.
provoquer
To incite or provoke.

goal /ɡoʊl/ /ɡɐʉl/ /ɡəʊl/ [ɡoɫ] [ɡɒʊɫ] goals n
but objectif
A result that one is attempting to achieve.
but
(sport) In many sports, an area into which the players attempt to put an object.
(sport) The act of placing the object into the goal.
but (marqué) but
A point scored in a game as a result of placing the object into the goal.

goal /ɡoʊl/ /ɡɐʉl/ /ɡəʊl/ [ɡoɫ] [ɡɒʊɫ] v
marquer un but
(Gaelic football, Australian rules football) To score a goal.

goal kick goal kicks n
coup de pied de but
(soccer) A set piece taken from the goal area after an attacker touches the ball out of play over the goal line.

goal line goal lines n
ligne de but
(rugby league, soccer, hurling, Gaelic football) the boundary of the field that runs along its width at each end, and across the front of the goal.

goalball goalballs n
goalball
(disability, sport) A ball game, designed for the blind, in which teams of three players attempt to throw a ball with bells embedded in it into the opposing goal.

goalframe /ˈɡəʊlˌfɹeɪm/ goalframes n
cadre
(sports) The structure of the goal, generally consisting of two goalposts and a crossbar.

goalie /ˈɡəʊl.i/ goalies n
gardien goaleur
(sports, colloquial) A goalkeeper or goaltender.

goalkeeper goalkeepers n
gardien de but goal portier gardien gardienne de but gardienne
(sports) A designated player that attempts to prevent the opposing team from scoring by protecting a goal.

goalpost /ˈɡoʊlpoʊst/ /ˈɡɔʊl-/ /ˈɡəʊlpəʊst/ goalposts n
poteau de but poteau
(sports) One of the two vertical side poles of a goal.

goalscorer goalscorers n
buteur
(football) A person who scores a goal, or scores goals

goat /ɡoʊt/ /ɡoːt/ /ɡɐʉt/ /ɡəʊt/ [ɡoʊʔt̚] goats n
chèvre bouc bique
(uncountable) The meat of the aforementioned animal.

goat cheese goat cheeses n
fromage de chèvre chèvre
Any cheese produced using goatmilk.

goat's-beard /ˈɡəʊtsbɪəd/ goat's-beards n
salsifis

goatee /ɡəʊˈtiː/ /ˌɡoʊˈtiː/ goatees n
barbiche bouc barbichette
A beard trimmed to grow only at the center of the chin.

goatgrass goatgrasses n
égilope
Any of various wheatlike grasses of the genus Aegilops.

goatherd goatherds n
chevrier chevrière
A person who herds, tends goats.

goathouse /ɡoʊthaʊs/ /ɡoːthaʊs/ /ɡɐ̟ʉthæos/ /ɡɔʊthaʊs/ /ɡəʊthaʊs/ [ɡoʊ(ʔ)t̚haʊs] [ɡoʊʔ(t̚)haʊs] goathouses n
chèvrerie
A building serving as a shelter for goats.

goatmeat n
viande de chèvre
The meat of a goat, used as food; chevon.

goatmilk n
lait de chèvre
milk produced by goats

goatskin goatskins n
outre
A liquid container (especially of wine or water) made from goat leather.

gob /ɡɑb/ /ɡɒb/ gobs n
gueule
(countable, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, slang) The mouth. [from 16th c.]
matelot
(US, military, slang) A sailor. [from 20th c.]
crachat
(uncountable, slang) Saliva or phlegm.

gobble /ˈɡɑbl̩/ /ˈɡɒbl̩/ v
bouffer
To eat hastily or greedily; to scoff or scarf (often used with up)
glouglouter glousser
(ambitransitive) To make the sound of a turkey.

gobble up v
goinfrer
(transitive) To consume [something] rapidly.

gobbledygook gobbledygooks n
charabia gloubi-boulga
(informal) Nonsense; meaningless or encrypted language.
galimatias
(informal) Something written in an overly complex, incoherent, or incomprehensible manner.

gobbler /ˈɡɑblɚ/ /ˈɡɒblə/ gobblers n
glouton

goblet /ˈɡɒblət/ goblets n
gobelet
A drinking vessel with a foot and stem.

goblet drum goblet drums n
darbouka

goblin /ˈɡɑb.lɪn/ /ˈɡɒb.lɪn/ goblins n
gobelin lutin farfadet
One of various hostile supernatural creatures, now especially (fantasy literature) a malevolent and grotesque diminutive humanoid, often associated with orcs or trolls.

goblin mode n
mode gobelin
(slang, neologism) The state of being unapologetically lethargic, slovenly, and prone to odd and self-indulgent behaviour.

goblin shark goblin sharks n
requin lutin
A species of mackerel shark, Mitsukurina owstoni, that has a long snout-like protrusion from its forehead and grows to 3.8 meters in length.

gobo /ˈɡoʊˌboʊ/ /ˈɡəʊbəʊ/ goboes gobos n
gobo
(theater) A template inserted over a light source to control the shape of the thrown light. [from early 20th c.]

gobshite /ˈɡɒbˌʃaɪt/ gobshites n
fouille-merde
(Ireland, Britain, slang, offensive, vulgar) One who engages in nonsensical chatter or unwanted conversation.
mange-merde
(Ireland, Britain, slang, offensive, vulgar) A person of very poor judgment and unpleasant character.

gobsmacked /ˈɡɒb.smækt/ more gobsmacked most gobsmacked adj
estomaqué
(chiefly, British, Australian, NZ, Irish, slang) Flabbergasted, astounded, speechless, overawed.

goby /ˈɡəʊbi/ gobies goby n
gobie
A gudgeon of fish of the subfamily Gobioninae, such as Gobio gobio.

gock /ɡɑk/ /ɡɒk/ gocks n
gock

god /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɒːd/ /ɡɔd/ /ɡɔːd/ gods n
dieu divinité
idole dieu
An idol.

god /ɡɑd/ /ɡɒd/ /ɡɒːd/ /ɡɔd/ /ɡɔːd/ v
idolâtrer
(transitive) To idolize.
déifier
(transitive) To deify.

god-king god-kings n
roi-dieu

goddamn /ˈɡɒd.dæm/ /ˌɡɒdˈdæm/ adj
en diable sacré
(vulgar, sometimes, _, offensive) Used as an intensifier.

goddamn /ˈɡɒd.dæm/ /ˌɡɒdˈdæm/ interjection
bon Dieu de merde! diable! merde!
(vulgar, colloquial) An expression of anger, surprise, intense excitement or frustration.

goddaughter /ˈɡɑdˌdɔ.tɚ/ /ˈɡɒdˌdɔːtə(ɹ)/ goddaughters n
filleule
A female child whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent.

goddess /-ɛs/ /-ɪs/ /ˈɡɑdəs/ /ˈɡɒdɛs/ goddesses n
déesse
(religion) A female deity.
(figuratively) A woman honored or adored as physically attractive or of superior charm and intelligence.

godfather /ˈɡɑdfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɒdfɑːðə/ godfathers n
parrain
(Christianity) A man present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a male godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.
(crime) A mafia leader.

godlike /ˈɡɑdlaɪk/ /ˈɡɒdlaɪk/ more godlike most godlike adj
divin
Having the characteristics of a god.

godliness godlinesses n
piété
The condition and quality of being godly, pious, scrupulously observant of all the teachings of one's religion, practicing virtue and avoiding sin.

godly /ˈɡɑdli/ /ˈɡɒdli/ godlier godliest more godly most godly adj
divin
Of or pertaining to a god
Gloriously good.
pieux
Devoted to a god or God; devout; righteous.

godmother /ˈɡɒdmʌðə/ godmothers n
marraine
A woman present at the christening of a baby who promises to help raise the child in a Christian manner; a female godparent who sponsors the baptism of a child.

godparent godparents n
parrain marraine
A person who, at a child's naming ceremony or baptism, agrees to help raise the child, originally and especially in regard to their religious development.

godsend /ˈɡɑdˌsɛnd/ /ˈɡɒdsɛnd/ godsends n
don du ciel
An instance of unexpected benefit or good fortune; a windfall.

godson /ˈɡɑdˌsʌn/ /ˈɡɒdˌsʌn/ godsons n
filleul
A male child whose baptism is sponsored by a godparent.

godwit /ˈɡɑd.wɪt/ /ˈɡɒd.wɪt/ godwits n
barge
Any of four species of long-billed migratory wading birds in the genus Limosa, of the family Scolopacidae.

goethite /ˈɡoʊθaɪt/ /ˈɡœtaɪt/ goethites n
goethite
(mineral) An iron oxyhydroxide that is the main constituent of rust.

goggles /ˈɡɑ.ɡəlz/ n
lunettes de protection
Protective eyewear set in a flexible frame to fit snugly against the face.

going concern going concerns n
continuité d’exploitation
An operating enterprise.

going to /ɡoʊnə/ /ɡoʊɪn tə/ /ɡoʊɪnə/ /ɡoʊɪŋ tə/ /ɡənə/ /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tu/ phraseologicalUnit
aller
Expresses the prospective aspect relative to a given time frame: something that will happen, or is intended, at the time, to happen.

goitre /ˈɡɔɪ.tə/ /ˈɡɔɪ.tɚ/ goitres n
goitre
(pathology, UK) An enlargement of the front and sides of the neck caused by inflammation of the thyroid gland.

goitrous more goitrous most goitrous adj
goitreux
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a goitre

gokkun n
gokkun
A genre of pornography in which a person consumes the semen of multiple men, usually from some vessel or container such as a cup or beaker.

gold /ɡaʉld/ /ɡoʊld/ /ɡuːld/ /ɡəʊld/ [ɡɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ɡɔʊ(ɫ)d] golder goldest adj
doré d’or
Made of gold.
doré
Having the colour of gold.

gold /ɡaʉld/ /ɡoʊld/ /ɡuːld/ /ɡəʊld/ [ɡɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ɡɔʊ(ɫ)d] symbol
or médaille d'or
☉ (alchemy)

gold digger /ɡəʊld ˈdɪɡə(ɹ)/ gold diggers n
chercheur d'or
Someone who digs or mines for gold.
croqueuse de diamants michetonneuse michto
(figuratively, pejorative) A person (usually female) who cultivates a personal relationship in order to attain wealth.

gold embroidery n
broderie d'or

gold farming n
farming
(online games) The business of farming/grinding for in-game currency (gold in many games) and items in massively multiplayer online games for for-profit resale outside of the game.

gold leaf n
feuille d'or
Gold beaten into a thin sheet.

gold medal gold medals n
médaille d'or
A medal made of, or having the colour of, gold, given as a prize for winning

gold medalist gold medalists n
médaillé d'or médaillée d'or
Someone who has received a gold medal

gold mine gold mines n
mine d'or
A mine for gold ore or metal.

gold rush /ˈɡoʊldˌɹʌʃ/ /ˈɡəʊldˌɹʌʃ/ gold rushes n
ruée vers l'or
(chiefly, historical) Any period of feverish migration into an area in which gold has been discovered.

gold standard gold standards n
étalon-or
(economics) A monetary system where the value of circulating money is linked to the value of gold.
référence
(figurative) A test or measure of comparison that is considered ultimate or ideal.

goldcrest goldcrests n
roitelet huppé
A very small passerine bird, Regulus regulus, that breeds in Eurasia.

golden /ˈɡoʊl.dən/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən/ [ˈɡɒʊ̯ɫ.dn̩] [ˈɡəɫ.dn̩] goldener goldenest more golden most golden adj
en or d'or doré
Made of, or relating to, gold.
doré en or
Having a colour or other richness suggestive of gold.
Marked by prosperity, creativity etc.
en or doré
Advantageous or very favourable.
d'or
Relating to a fiftieth anniversary.

golden age /ˈɡoʊl.dən eɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən eɪd͡ʒ/ golden ages n
âge d'or
(idiomatic) A period of happiness, peace, prosperity, and great progress.

golden anniversary golden anniversaries n
noces d'or
The 50th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

golden calf golden calves n
veau d'or
(Old Testament) A golden image of a calf, made by Aaron and worshipped by the Israelites.
(by extension) Money as an end in itself; mammon.

golden eagle /ˈɡəʊl.dən ˈiː.ɡəl/ golden eagles n
aigle royal
A large bird of prey, Aquila chrysaetos, that hunts while soaring.

golden goal golden goals n
but en or
(soccer) The first goal scored during extra time, giving victory to the scoring side if sudden death is in effect.

golden goose golden geese n
poule aux œufs d'or
(figuratively, idiomatic) Something that generates much profit or gives great advantages.

golden hamster golden hamsters n
hamster doré
A small rodent of species Mesocricetus auratus, popular as a pet and used for scientific research.

golden handshake golden handshakes n
gratification de fin de service indemnité de départ prime de départ
(idiomatic) A generous severance payment, especially as an inducement to leave employment.

golden hello golden hellos n
pont d'or prime de bienvenue

golden hour golden hours n
heure d'or
(medicine) The first sixty minutes after sustaining major traumatic injury, during which there is the highest likelihood that prompt medical treatment will prevent death.
heure dorée
(photography) A period shortly after sunrise or before sunset, during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

golden jackal golden jackals n
chacal doré
Canis aureus, a common jackal that can be found in southwest Europe, the Middle East and South Asia.

golden mean /ˈɡoʊl.dən ˈmiːn/ /ˈɡəʊl.dən ˈmiːn/ golden means n
juste milieu
A position of balance between excess and deficiency.

golden mole golden moles n
taupe dorée
Any of several small, insectivorous burrowing mammals of the family Chrysochloridae, native to southern Africa.

golden opportunity golden opportunities n
occasion en or

golden parachute golden parachutes n
parachute doré parachute en or
(idiomatic, business, management) An agreement between a company and an employee, usually an executive, specifying that the employee will receive certain significant benefits if employment is terminated.

golden plover golden plovers n
pluvier doré pluvier fauve
A migratory plover of the genus Pluvialis, having black underparts and a golden back in the breeding season, now regarded as the three species P. apricaria of Europe, P. fulva of the Pacific coasts, and P. dominica of North America.

golden ratio golden ratios n
nombre d’or
(geometry) The irrational number (approximately 1.618), usually denoted by the Greek letter φ (phi), which is equal to the sum of its own reciprocal and 1, or, equivalently, is the square root of the sum of itself and 1.

golden rule golden rules n
règle d'or
(idiomatic) A fundamental rule or principle.
(ethics) The principle that one should treat other people in the manner in which one would want to be treated by them.

golden shower golden showers n
douche dorée
(idiomatic, slang, pornography) The act of a person urinating on another, usually for the sexual gratification of one or both persons.

golden staph golden staphs n
staphylocoque doré
A bacterium, often found on the skin and nose, that commonly causes staph infections, technically known as Staphylococcus aureus.

golden years n
années d'or âge d'or
(idiomatic) The period during which someone or something flourishes.

goldenrod /ˈɡoʊldənˌɹɑd/ goldenrods n
gerbe-d'or verge-d'or
A golden-yellow colour, like that of the goldenrod plant.

goldeye goldeye goldeyes n
laquaiche aux yeux d'or
A North American freshwater fish of the mooneye family, Hiodon alosoides, usually eaten smoked.

goldfinch goldfinches n
chardonneret
Any of several small passerine birds of the finch family

goldfish /ˈɡoʊldfɪʃ/ goldfish goldfishes n
poisson rouge carassin doré
A type of small fish, Carassius auratus, typically orange-colored.

goldilocks /ˈɡəʊldilɒks/ goldilocks n
boucles d'or
A person with golden hair, especially a girl with long hair.

goldsmith goldsmiths n
orfèvre orfèvresse
A person who makes, repairs or sells things out of gold, especially jewelry.

golem /ˈɡoʊ.ləm/ /ˈɡɑl.əm/ /ˈɡɒl.əm/ /ˈɡəʊ.ləm/ golems n
golem
(mythology) A humanoid creature made from clay, animated by magic.

golf /ɡɑlf/ /ɡɒf/ /ɡɒlf/ /ɡɔlf/ n
golf
(sports) A ball game played by individuals competing against one another in which the object is to hit a ball into each of a series of (usually 18 or nine) holes in the minimum number of strokes.

golf /ɡɑlf/ /ɡɒf/ /ɡɒlf/ /ɡɔlf/ v
golfer
(intransitive) To play the game of golf.

golf club golf clubs n
crosse
In golf, the implement used to hit the golf ball.

golf course golf courses n
terrain de golf
(golf) The land where one plays golf, with tees, fairways, greens and flags in holes.

golfer /ˈɡɒlfə(ɹ)/ golfers n
golfeur golfeuse
Someone who plays golf.

gonad /ˈɡəʊ.næd/ gonads n
couille couillon
(slang, mostly, in the plural) A testicle.
gonade
(anatomy) A sex organ that produces gametes; specifically, a testicle or ovary.

gondola /ˈɡɒn.də.lə/ gondolas gondole n
gondole
A small long, narrow boat with a high prow and stern, propelled with a single oar, especially in Venice.
nacelle gondole
The car or basket of a hot-air balloon, airship, zeppelin, etc.
nacelle transbordeur
That part of a transporter bridge that carries passengers, vehicles, along the length of the bridge span.
téléphérique télécabine échafaud volant échafaudage suspendu
An enclosed car attached to a cable mechanically lifted up the side of a mountain; an enclosed ski lift; a cable car.
échafaud volant échafaudage suspendu
The hanging cart in which a glass-cleaning worker stands to clean exterior glass on tall buildings.

gondolier /ˌɡɑndəˈlɪɹ/ /ˌɡɒndəˈlɪə(ɹ)/ gondoliers n
gondolier gondolière
A boatperson who propels a gondola, especially in Venice.

gone /ɡɑn/ /ɡɒn/ /ɡɔn/ /ɡɔːn/ further gone furthest gone goner gonest adj
parti
Away, having left.

goner /ˈɡɒnə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɔːnɚ/ goners n
homme mort
(informal) Someone (or something) doomed; a hopeless case, especially someone who is bound to die soon.

gonfalon /-lən/ /ˈɡɑːn.fəˌlɑːn/ gonfalons n
gonfalon gonfanon
A standard or ensign, consisting of a pole with a crosspiece from which a banner is suspended, especially as used in church processions, but also for civic and military display.

gong /ɡɑŋ/ /ɡɒŋ/ /ɡɔŋ/ gongs n
gong
(musical instruments) A percussion instrument consisting of a metal disk that emits a sonorous sound when struck with a soft hammer.

goniometer /ˌɡoʊ.niˈɔ.mə.tɚ/ goniometers n
goniomètre
A device used to measure angles.
A device used to measure the angles of crystals.
A radio direction finder.

gonococcus /ˈɡɒnəˌkɒkəs/ gonococci n
gonocoque
Any of the bacteria (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) that is responsible for gonorrhea.

gonorrhea /ˌɡɑn.əˈɹi.ə/ /ˌɡɒn.əˈɹiː.ə/ gonorrheas n
blennorragie gonorrhée
(American spelling) A sexually transmitted infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a species of bacteria (the gonococcus) that affects the mucous membrane of the genital and urinary tracts.

goo /ɡuː/ goos n
mucus matière poisseuse
(uncountable, informal) Any semi-solid or liquid substance; especially one that is sticky, gummy or slippery, unpleasant, and of vague or unknown composition, such as slime or semen.
sentimentalité à l'eau de rose
(figuratively) Excessive, showy sentimentality.

good /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] best better adj
bon bonne
Acting in the interest of what is beneficial, ethical, or moral.
(of people or animals)
Competent or talented.
Useful for a particular purpose; functional.
Effective.
Having a particularly pleasant taste.
Favourable.
Beneficial; worthwhile.
Healthful.
Of food or other perishable products, still fit for use; not yet expired, stale, rotten, etc.
sage
Well-behaved (especially of children or animals).
bon
Pleasant; enjoyable.

good /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] interjection
bon bonne
That is good; an elliptical exclamation of satisfaction or commendation.

good /ɡʊ(d)/ /ɡʊd/ [ɡud] [ɡɪ̈d] [ɡʊd] [ɡʊ̈d] goods n
bien bon
(uncountable) The forces or behaviours that are the enemy of evil. Usually consists of helping others and general benevolence.
bien
(countable, usually, in the plural) An item of merchandise.

good Lord interjection
Seigneur ciel mon Dieu nom de Dieu nom de bleu
An exclamation of amazement or disapproval.

good afternoon phraseologicalUnit
bonjour bon après-midi
(rather formal in, _, US, Canada) A greeting or farewell said in the afternoon.

good as gold adj
sage comme une image
(especially, UK, of a person, simile) Very well-behaved (especially of a child); very good-hearted (especially of an adult).

good as one's word adj
de parole
(simile) Faithful to a promise one has made.

good cop bad cop n
bon flic, mauvais flic méchant flic, gentil flic
A psychological tactic used for interrogation, involving one police officer playing the role of intimidating adversary, and another that of friend with whom the subject is encouraged to bond.
An analogous negotiation or interrogation tactic.

good day phraseologicalUnit
bonjour
(dated, formal) A somewhat formal greeting generally used between sunrise and sunset.

good enough to eat adj
à tomber par terre
(idiomatic) Supremely beautiful; aesthetically pleasing.

good evening interjection
bonsoir
(generally formal in, _, US, Canada) Used as a greeting in the evening.

good faith /ˌɡʊd ˈfeɪθ/ n
bonne foi
Good, honest intentions, even if producing unfortunate results. [from between 1890 and 1895]

good grief interjection
bon sang mon Dieu voyons donc ça alors
An expression of surprise or shock.

good heavens /ɡʊd ˈhɛvənz/ interjection
Seigneur bonté divine ciel juste ciel
(dated, exclamation) An exclamation of surprise or shock.

good loser good losers n
beau joueur bon perdant

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ interjection
bon courage bonne chance
Used to wish fortune to an individual or as encouragement.

good luck /ˌɡʊd ˈlʌk/ n
bol cul veine
Desirable or beneficial fortune.

good manners n
bonnes manières
The treatment of other people with courtesy and politeness, and showing correct public behaviour.

good morning /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˌɡʊd ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ interjection
bonjour bon matin
Used as a greeting when meeting someone for the first time in the morning.

good news n
bonne nouvelle
Something or someone pleasant, fortunate, or otherwise positive.
bonne nouvelle Évangile
(Christianity) The message of Jesus concerning the salvation of the faithful (as elaborated in the Gospels)

good night phraseologicalUnit
bonne nuit
A farewell said in the evening or before going to sleep.

good night's sleep good nights' sleeps n
bonne nuit de sommeil

good offices n
bon office bons offices
The beneficial services and acts of a third party, particularly mediation between two parties in a dispute.

good old adj
bon vieux des familles
Reliable; typical; consistently good.

good old days n
bon vieux temps
A period of time in the distant past when things were better or fondly remembered.

good press n
avoir bonne presse bonne presse

good question interjection
bonne question

good riddance /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪd(ə)ns/ /ˌɡʊd ˈɹɪdns/ interjection
bon débarras bon vent
Used to indicate that a departure or loss is welcome.

good things come in threes proverb
jamais deux sans trois
If a fortunate event has already occurred twice, a third fortunate event is likely to occur.

good things come to those who wait proverb
tout vient à point à qui sait attendre
A patient seeker will be satisfied in due time.

good to go adj
bon pour le service
(informal, of a thing) Ready for use or normal operation, especially after repair or renewal.
apte bon pour le service
(informal, of a person) Ready for some specific task or ready for normal activity, especially after preparation or recovery.

good turn good turns n
bonne action
(idiomatic) A good deed; a thoughtful or selfless act.

good weather n
beau temps temps de curé

good wine needs no bush proverb
à bon vin point d'enseigne
There is no need to boast or advertise about something of good quality.

good-for-nothing adj
bon à rien
(idiomatic) Useless; worthless.

good-for-nothing good-for-nothings n
bon à rien vaurien nullard
A person of little worth or usefulness.

good-looking /ˈɡʊdˈlʊk.ɪŋ/ best-looking better-looking more good-looking most good-looking adj
beau joli sympa sympathique
Physically attractive (of a person).

goodbye /ɡədˈbaɪ/ /ɡəˈbaɪ/ /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ interjection
au revoir adieu bon vent salut
Farewell; a formula used to another person or persons when the speaker, writer, or person addressed is departing.

goodbye /ɡədˈbaɪ/ /ɡəˈbaɪ/ /ɡʊdˈbaɪ/ goodbyes n
adieu
An utterance of goodbye, the wishing of farewell to someone.

goodbye, cruel world /ɡʊdˈbaɪ {{!}} ˌkɹuːəl ˈwɜːld/ phraseologicalUnit
adieu, monde cruel
An exclamation made before committing suicide, in speech, text, or in a suicide note.

goodheartedness n
bienveillance
The quality of being goodhearted

goodie goodies n
gentil
(informal) A good character in a story, often a hero.

goodness /ˈɡʊdnəs/ /ˈɡʊdnɪs/ goodnesses n
bonté
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being good.
bonté divine corbleu crebleu jarnibleu jarnicoton maugrebleu
(uncountable, euphemistic) God.

goods /ɡʊdz/ n
biens marchandise produit
(business, economics) That which is produced, then traded, bought or sold, then finally consumed.

goods and services tax goods and services taxes n
taxe sur les produits et services
A tax very similar to the value added tax, levied, for example, in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Singapore.

goods train goods trains n
train de fret train de marchandises
A train used for the transportation of goods.

goodwill /ɡʊdˈwɪl/ goodwills n
bonne volonté
bienveillance bonne volonté
A favorably disposed attitude toward someone or something.
achalandage cote d'estime
(accounting) The value of a business entity not directly attributable to its tangible assets and liabilities. This value derives from factors such as consumer loyalty to the brand.
achalandage cote d'estime survaleur écart d'acquisition
(business) A concept used to refer to the ability of an individual or business to exert influence within a community, club, market or another type of group, without having to resort to the use of an asset (such as money or property), either directly or by the creation of a lien.

gooey /ˈɡuː.i/ gooier gooiest adj
gluant
soft, sticky and viscous

gooeyness n
gluance
The state or property of being gooey.

goof /ɡuːf/ goofs n
coquille
(US, cinematography, informal) An error made during production which finds its way into the final release.
gaffe
(US, informal) A mistake or error.
boulet
(US, Canada, MTE, informal) A foolish and/or silly person; a goofball.

goof off /ˌɡuf ˈɑf/ /ˌɡuf ˈɔf/ /ˌɡuːf ˈɒf/ v
bassoter
(US, Australia, slang) To dawdle, lollygag; to waste time aimlessly or engage in idle activity or inactivity.

goof up v
gaffer gâcher
(slang) To make a mistake.

goofball /ˈɡufˌbɔl/ goofballs n
abruti cloche nouille
(informal, often, _, derogatory, sometimes, _, affectionate) A foolish or silly person or animal.
(informal, pharmaceutical drug) A pill or tablet containing a pharmaceutical which has hypnotic or intoxicating effects, especially a barbiturate.

goofy /ˈɡuːfi/ goofier goofiest adj
bêta bête dingue débile farfelu
silly, quirky

google /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ googles n
googliser recherche
An Internet search, such as one performed on the Google search engine.

google /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ v
googler googeliser google-iser googliser googloter googoliser
To search for (something) on the Internet using the Google search engine.

googol /ˈɡu.ɡɑl/ /ˈɡu.ɡəl/ /ˈɡuː.ɡɒl/ /ˈɡuː.ɡəl/ googols numeral
gogol
The number 10^{100}, or ten to the power of a hundred. Equivalent to ten duotrigintillion (short scale), or ten sexdecilliard (long scale). [from 1920.]

googolplex /ˈɡuɡɑl-/ /ˈɡuɡəlplɛks/ /ˈɡuːɡɒl-/ /ˈɡuːɡəlplɛks/ googolplexes numeral
gogolplex
The number 10^{10^{100}} or 10^\text{googol}, ten to the power of a googol. [from 1920.]

gook /ɡuːk/ /ɡʊk/ gooks n
bridé bridée
(slang, vulgar, derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of (South) East Asian descent; originally a native of the Philippines, but now especially:

goon /ɡoʊ.ɑn/ /ɡuːn/ /ɡəʊ.ɒn/ goons n
gorille malabar
A thug; a usually muscular henchman with little intelligence.

goon squad goon squads n
gorilles
(chiefly, US, informal, derogatory, idiomatic) A group of individuals serving as enforcers, bodyguards, assassins, and the like, especially persons hired for such a purpose and using violent, thuggish methods.

goose /ˈɡuːs/ geese n
oie
Any of various grazing waterfowl of the family Anatidae, which have feathers and webbed feet and are capable of flying, swimming, and walking on land, and which are bigger than ducks.

goose bump goose bumps n
chair de poule
(chiefly, in plural) Raised skin, usually caused by the involuntary erection of hairs on the neck or arms caused by cold, excitement, or fear.

goose is cooked phraseologicalUnit
les carottes sont cuites
(idiomatic) All hope is gone; there is no possibility of success; the period of good fortune is over.

goose-step goose-steps n
pas de l’oie
(military, typically, _, pejorative) A style of march in which the legs advance in turn without bending the knee, whether as a low quick march or a rigorous high slow march for ceremonial occasions; the various drills associated with these marches.

gooseberry /ˈɡusˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɡuːsb(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡʊzb(ə)ɹi/ gooseberries n
groseille à maquereau groseille
A fruit of species Ribes uva-crispa, related to the currant.

goosefoot /ˈɡuːsfʊt/ goosefoots n
chénopode
Any of many flowering plants, of the subfamily Chenopodioideae, having small greenish flowers.

gooseherd gooseherds n
gardeur d'oie gardeur d'oies gardeuse d'oie gardeuse d'oies gardeux d'oie gardeux d'oies
A person who tends to geese.

gooseneck goosenecks n
vit-de-mulet
(nautical) The swivel connection on a sailboat located near the bottom of the mast that the boom attaches to. When a sailboat performs a tack or a jibe the gooseneck swings the boom from one side of the boat to the other.

gopher /ˈɡoʊfɚ/ /ˈɡəʊfə/ gophers n
gaufre gaufre à poche géomys
A small burrowing rodent native to North and Central America, especially in the family Geomyidae (true gophers).

gopher wood n
gopher
(Bible) The unidentified wood used in the construction of Noah's Ark.

goral gorals n
goral
A type of Asian ungulate ruminant, now defined as any of the four species of the genus Naemorhedus.

gore /ɡo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡoə/ /ɡɔɹ/ /ɡɔː/ gores n
sang coagulé
Blood, especially that from a wound when thickened due to exposure to the air.
musoir
A triangular piece of land where roads meet.
godet
A triangular or rhomboid piece of fabric, especially one forming part of a three-dimensional surface such as a sail, skirt, hot-air balloon, etc.Wp
gousset
(heraldry) A charge, delineated by two inwardly curved lines, meeting in the fess point, considered an abatement.

gore /ɡo(ː)ɹ/ /ɡoə/ /ɡɔɹ/ /ɡɔː/ v
encorner
(transitive, of an animal) To pierce with the horn.
(transitive, obsolete) To pierce with anything pointed, such as a spear.

gorge /ɡɔɹd͡ʒ/ /ɡɔːdʒ/ v
gorger se gorger
(intransitive, reflexive) To stuff the gorge or gullet with food; to eat greedily and in large quantities. [+ on (object)]

gorgeous /ˈɡɔɹd͡ʒəs/ /ˈɡɔːdʒəs/ more gorgeous most gorgeous adj
magnifique
(of a person or place) Very beautiful.

gorget /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒət/ /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒɛt/ /ˈɡoɹ.d͡ʒɪt/ /ˈɡɔːdʒɪt/ /ˌɡoɹˈʒeɪ/ gorgets n
gorgerin hausse-col
(historical) A piece of armour protecting the throat and/or the upper part of the chest.
gorgerette gorgerin
(historical) A type of women's clothing covering the neck and breast; a wimple.
hausse-col
An ornament for the neck; a necklace, ornamental collar, torque etc.

gorgon /ˈɡɔːrɡən/ gorgons n
gorgone
(Greek mythology) A vicious female monster from Greek mythology with sharp fangs and hair of living, venomous snakes. One of the three sisters: Medusa, Stheno and Euryale
An intimidating, ugly, or disgusting woman; anything hideous or horrid.

gorgonzola gorgonzolas n
gorgonzola
A blue-veined Italian cheese, made from cow's milk.

gorilla /ɡɒˈɹɪl.ə/ /ɡəˈɹɪl.ə/ gorillas n
gorille
The largest of the apes, belonging to the genus Gorilla, native to the forests of central Africa and known for their trait of knuckle-walking.

goring gorings n
coup de corne
The act by which something is gored; a wound inflicted by a horn, usually the horn of a bull in the context of bullfighting

gormless /ˈɡɔːmləs/ more gormless most gormless adj
absurde puéril
(chiefly, UK, New Zealand, Australia , Ireland, of a person) Lacking intelligence, sense or understanding; foolish.

gorodki n
gorodki
An ancient Russian folk sport of trying to knock arrangements of skittles out of a square by throwing a bat at them.

gorse /ɡɔɹs/ /ɡɔːs/ gorses n
ajonc
An evergreen shrub, of the genus Ulex, having thorns, spiny leaves, and yellow flowers.

gory /ˈɡɔɹ.i/ /ˈɡɔː.ɹi/ gorier goriest adj
sanglant
Covered with blood; very bloody.

gosh /ɡɑːʃ/ /ɡɒʃ/ interjection
bon sang
(minced oath) A mild expression of surprise or enthusiasm.

goshawk /ˈɡɑshɑk/ /ˈɡɒshɔːk/ goshawks n
autour autour des palombes
Any of several birds of prey, principally in the genus Accipiter.

gosling /ɡɑzlɪŋ/ /ɡɒzlɪŋ/ goslings n
oison oiselet
A young goose.

gospel /ˈɡɑspəl/ /ˈɡɒspəl/ gospels n
évangile
The first section of the Christian New Testament scripture, comprising the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, concerned with the birth, ministry, passion, and resurrection of Jesus.

gospel truth gospel truths n
parole d'évangile

gossamer /ˈɡɑ.sə.mɚ/ /ˈɡɒ.sə.mə/ gossamers n
fil de la vierge fils de la Vierge
A fine film or strand as of cobwebs, floating in the air or caught on bushes, etc.

gossip /ˈɡɑs.ɪp/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪp/ gossips n
ragot commérage commère cancan qu'en-dira-t-on
(uncountable) Idle talk about someone’s private or personal matters, especially someone not present.

gossip /ˈɡɑs.ɪp/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪp/ v
commérer cancaner
(intransitive) To talk about someone else's private or personal business, especially in a manner that spreads the information.
bavarder
(intransitive) To talk idly.

gossiping /ˈɡɑs.ɪ.pɪŋ/ /ˈɡɒs.ɪ.pɪŋ/ gossipings n
bavardage
The act of passing gossip; communication about other people's private business.

gotcha /ˈɡɑt͡ʃə/ /ˈɡɒt͡ʃə/ interjection
j’t’ai eu
I got you covered, I got your back (said by a speaker who has an advantage or responsibility over someone).

goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ gother gothest adj
gothique
Relating to goth music or people.

goth /ɡɑθ/ /ɡɒθ/ goths n
gothique
(uncountable) A punk-derived subculture of people who predominantly dress in black, associated with mournful music and attitudes.
(uncountable, music) A style of punk rock influenced by glam rock; gothic rock.

gouache /ɡuˈɑːʃ/ /ɡwɑːʃ/ gouaches n
gouache
(painting, countable) A painting made with this paint.

gouge /ɡaʊdʒ/ /ɡaʊd͡ʒ/ gouges n
gouge
A chisel with a curved blade for cutting or scooping channels, grooves, or holes in wood, stone, etc.
rainure gougeure
A cut or groove, as left by a gouge or something sharp.

gouge /ɡaʊdʒ/ /ɡaʊd͡ʒ/ v
gouger graver
(transitive) To make a groove, hole, or mark in by scooping with or as if with a gouge.
éborgner
(transitive, intransitive) To dig or scoop (something) out with or as if with a gouge; in particular, to use a thumb to push or try to push the eye (of a person) out of its socket.

goulash /ˈɡuː.læʃ/ /ˈɡuː.lɑːʃ/ goulashes n
goulache goulash
A stew of beef or veal and vegetables, flavoured with paprika.

gourami gouramies gouramis n
gourami
An edible freshwater fish of the family Osphronemidae.

gourd /ɡɔɹd/ /ɡɔːd/ /ɡʊəd/ /ɡʊɚd/ gourds n
calebasse
A hard-shelled fruit from a plant in Lagenaria or Cucurbita.
The dried and hardened shell of such fruit, made into a drinking vessel, bowl, spoon, or other objects designed for use or decoration.
(obsolete) Any of the climbing or trailing plants from the family Cucurbitaceae, which includes watermelon, pumpkins, and cucumbers.

gourmand /ɡɔɹˈmɑnd/ /ˈɡʊə.mənd/ /ˈɡʊɹ.mɑnd/ /ˈɡʊʁmɑ̃/ gourmands n
boulimique glouton goinfre goulu
A person given to excess in the consumption of food and drink; a greedy or ravenous eater.
gourmet dégustateur gastronome gourmand gourmande
A person who appreciates good food.

gourmandise /ˈɡoɹ-/ /ˈɡɔɹ-/ /ˈɡɔː-/ /ˈɡʊəməndaɪz/ /ˈɡʊɹməndaɪz/ v
s'empiffrer se goinfrer
To eat food in a gluttonous manner; to gorge; to make a pig of oneself.

gourmet /ɡʊɹˈmeɪ/ /ˈɡɔːmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊəmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊɹmeɪ/ adj
gastronomique

gourmet /ɡʊɹˈmeɪ/ /ˈɡɔːmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊəmeɪ/ /ˈɡʊɹmeɪ/ gourmets n
gourmet dégustateur fine gueule gastronome gourmand gourmande
A connoisseur in eating and drinking; someone who takes their food seriously.

gout /ɡaʊt/ [ɡʌut] gouts n
goutte
(rare) A disease of wheat and cornstalks, caused by insect larvae.

goutte /ɡuːt/ gouttes n
goutte
(heraldiccharge) A charge in the form of a teardrop shape, originally with wavy sides, but now often with straight sides.

govern /ˈɡʌvən/ /ˈɡʌvɚn/ v
gouverner
(transitive) To make and administer the public policy and affairs of; to exercise sovereign authority in.
(intransitive) To exercise political authority; to run a government.

governability governabilities n
gouvernabilité
The ability to be governed.

governable more governable most governable adj
gouvernable
Capable of being governed or subjected to authority; amenable to law or rule

governance /ˈɡʌvənəns/ /ˈɡʌvəɹnəns/ governances n
gouvernance
The process, or the power, of governing; government or administration.
direction
The group of people who make up an administrative body.

governess /ˈɡʌvnəs/ /ˈɡʌvənəs/ /ˈɡʌvɚnəs/ governesses governor n
gouvernante
A woman paid to educate children in their own home.
gouverneuse
(dated) A female governor.

government /ˈɡɐvmɘnt/ /ˈɡɐvɘ(n)mɘnt/ /ˈɡəv(ə)mɛnt/ /ˈɡʌvə(n)mənt/ /ˈɡʌvɚ(n)mənt/ governments n
gouvernement
The body with the power to make and/or enforce laws to control a country, land area, people or organization.
The state and its administration viewed as the ruling political power.
rection
(grammar, linguistics) The relationship between a word and its dependents.

government bond government bonds n
emprunt d'État
(finance, government) A bond issued by a national government, generally with a promise to pay periodic interest payments and to repay the face value on the maturity date.

government in exile governments in exile n
gouvernement en exil
(geopolitics) An independent polity that claims to be the legitimate government of a country, but is forced to operate from another country.

governmental /ˌɡʌv(ə)nˈmɛnt(ə)l/ more governmental most governmental adj
gouvernemental
Relating to a government

governor /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌvənɚ/ /ˈɡʌvɚnɚ/ governess governors n
gouverneur gouverneure
(politics) The chief executive officer of a first-level division of a country.

governor general /ˈɡɐv(ɘ)nɘ ˌdʒenɹɘl/ /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə ˌdʒɛnɹəl/ /ˈɡʌvənɚ ˌdʒɛn(ə)ɹəl/ [ˈɡɐv(ɘ̃)nɜ ˌdʒẽnɹɯ] governors general n
gouverneur général
(Canada, Australia, New Zealand) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.
(politics) An official in a similar position in other countries.

governor-general governors-general n
gouverneur général gouverneure générale
(UK) An official appointed by the reigning British monarch to govern a Commonwealth realm as the monarch's representative.

governorate /ˈɡʌvə(ɹ)nəɹət/ governorates n
gouvernorat
The territory governed by a governor; a province.

gown /ɡaʊn/ gowns n
robe
A woman's ordinary outer dress, such as a calico or silk gown.
toge robe
The official robe of certain professionals, clerics, and scholars, such as university students and officers, barristers, judges, etc.

goy /ɡɔɪ/ goyem goyim goys n
goy gentil goï
(sometimes offensive) A non-Jew, a gentile.

grab /ɡɹæb/ v
saisir
(transitive) To grip suddenly; to seize; to clutch.
attraper empoigner
(intransitive) To make a sudden grasping or clutching motion (at something).

grab iron grab irons n
main montoire

grabrail /ˈɡɹæbɹeɪl/ grabrails n
main courante
handrail

grace /ɡɹeɪs/ graces n
bénédicité grâces
(countable) A short prayer of thanks before or after a meal.
grâce
(uncountable) Elegant movement; balance or poise.
grâce miséricorde
(uncountable, theology) Free and undeserved favour, especially of God; unmerited divine assistance given to humans for their regeneration or sanctification, or for resisting sin.

grace note /ˈɡɹeɪs nəʊt/ /ˈɡɹeɪs ˌnoʊt/ grace notes n
note d'agrément ornement
(music) A musical note, indicated on a score in smaller type with or without a slash through it, played to ornament the melody rather than as part of it. Its note value does not count as part of the total time value of the measure it appears in.

grace period grace periods n
délai de grâce
A length of time during which rules or penalties are waived or deferred.

graceful /ˈɡɹeɪsfʊl/ more graceful most graceful adj
gracieux
Having or showing grace in movement, shape, or proportion.

gracefully /ˈɡɹeɪsfəli/ more gracefully most gracefully adv
gracieusement
In a graceful manner.

gracefulness gracefulnesses n
charme grâce
The state of being graceful.

graciousness graciousnesses n
affabilité aménité
The state of being gracious.

grackle /ˈɡɹækl̩/ grackles n
quiscale
Any of several American blackbirds of the genus Quiscalus, and related genera, having iridescent plumage.

gradable /ˈɡɹeɪdəbəl/ adj
comparable gradable
(linguistics, of a word or phrase) Able to occur in varying degrees; able to be inflected or modified to express degrees of meaning.

grade /ɡɹeɪd/ grades n
note
(chiefly, North America) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.
grade
A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.
classe année niveau
(North America, education) A level of primary and secondary education.
mention
A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.

grade /ɡɹeɪd/ v
noter
(chiefly, North America) To assign scores to the components of an academic test, or to overall academic performance.

grade point average grade point averages n
moyenne générale
A method of computing a numerical value for letter grades received in school by assigning each a numeric value and averaging the numbers; the overall average of all courses taken at a time.

grader /ˈɡɹeɪdə/ /ˈɡɹeɪdɚ/ graders n
niveleuse
A machine used to sort food by size or quality.
correcteur
One who grades, or that by means of which grading is done or facilitated.

gradian gradians n
grade
(geometry, trigonometry) A unit of angle equal to 0.9 degrees, so that there are 100 gradians in a right angle.

gradient /ˈɡɹeɪdiənt/ gradients n
pente
A slope or incline.
(calculus, of a function) The ratio of the rates of change of a dependent variable and an independent variable, the slope of a curve's tangent.
gradient
(science) The rate at which a physical quantity increases or decreases relative to change in a given variable, especially distance.
(, calculus) A differential operator that maps each point of a scalar field to a vector pointed in the direction of the greatest rate of change of the scalar. Notation for a scalar field φ: ∇φ
dégradé
A gradual change in color; a color gradient; gradation.

gradual /ˈɡɹadjuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹadʒəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒəl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒɘl/ /ˈɡɹɛdʒʉɘl/ more gradual most gradual adj
graduel
Proceeding or advancing by small, slow, regular steps or degrees

gradually /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuəli/ more gradually most gradually adv
progressivement
In a gradual manner; making slow progress; slowly.

graduate /ˈɡɹædjueɪt/ /ˈɡɹædjuət/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/ graduates n
diplômé diplômée licencié licenciée
A person who is recognized by a university as having completed the requirements of a degree studied at the institution.

graduate /ˈɡɹædjueɪt/ /ˈɡɹædjuət/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒueɪt/ /ˈɡɹæd͡ʒuɪt/ v
diplômer
(transitive) To certify (a student) as having earned a degree

graduate school graduate schools n
école d'études avancées
A school that awards advanced degrees, such as doctoral degrees; a postgraduate school.

graduation /ˌɡɹædjuˈeɪʃən/ /ˌɡɹæd͡ʒuˈeɪʃən/ graduations n
graduation
(sciences) A marking (e.g., on a container) indicating a measurement on a scale, usually one of many such markings.

graffiti /ɡɹəˈfiti/ /ɡɹəˈfiːti/ graffiti n
graffiti graff
(chiefly, uncountable) Drawings or words drawn on a surface in a public place, usually made without authorization.

graffiti artist graffiti artists n
bombeur graffeur graffiteur graffiteuse tagueur
A person who paints graffiti in public places, especially one who specializes in high-quality work rather than vandalism.

graft /ɡɹæft/ /ɡɹɑːft/ grafts n
greffon greffe
(countable) A small shoot or scion of a tree inserted in another tree, the stock of which is to support and nourish it. The two unite and become one tree, but the graft determines the kind of fruit.
corruption
(uncountable) Corruption in official life.
greffon
(countable) A branch or portion of a tree growing from such a shoot.
(surgery, countable) A portion of living tissue used in the operation of autoplasty.

grafting graftings n
greffage
(horticulture) The act, art, or process of inserting grafts.

grain /ɡɹeɪn/ grains n
grain
(uncountable) The harvested seeds of various grass food crops eg: wheat, corn, barley.
(countable) A single seed of grass food crops.
(uncountable) A linear texture of a material or surface.
(countable) A single particle of a substance.

grain /ɡɹeɪn/ v
grainer grener
(transitive) To make granular; to form into grains.
tanner
(tanning) To soften leather.

grain boundary ground boundaries n
joint de grain

grains of paradise n
graines de paradis malaguette maniguette poivre de Guinée poivre du paradis
The seeds or seed capsules of Aframomum melegueta, used as a medicine and spice, especially as a substitute for black pepper and in flavoring alcoholic beverages.

gram /ɡɹæm/ grams n
gramme
A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

graminivore graminivores n
graminivore
An herbivorous animal, a grazer, that feeds primarily on grasses.

graminivorous /ɡɹæmɪˈnɪvəɹəs/ more graminivorous most graminivorous adj
graminivore
(entomology) That eats grasses and seeds.

grammar /ˈɡɹæ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæ.mɚ/ grammars n
grammaire
A system of rules and principles for speaking and writing a language.
(uncountable, linguistics) The study of the internal structure of words (morphology) and the use of words in the construction of phrases and sentences (syntax).
A book describing the rules of grammar of a language.
(computing theory) A formal system specifying the syntax of a language.

grammar Nazi /ˈɡɹæmə(ɹ) ˈnɑːtsi/ /ˈɡɹæmɚ ˈnætsi/ /ˈɡɹæmɚ ˈnɑːtsi/ grammar Nazis n
ayatollah de [[l']]orthographe ayatollah de la grammaire
(slang, idiomatic, potentially, _, offensive, humorous, see usage note at Nazi) A person who habitually corrects or criticizes the incorrect language usage of others.

grammarian /ɡɹəˈmɛəɹɪən/ grammarians n
grammairien grammairienne
A person who studies grammar.

grammatical /ɡɹəˈmætɪkəl/ more grammatical most grammatical adj
grammatical
Not breaching any constraints of the grammar, or morpho-syntax, of the relevant language.
Of or pertaining to grammar.

grammatical case grammatical cases n
cas cas grammatical
(grammar) A mode of inflection of a word dependent on its use, especially the syntactic function in a phrase.

grammatical gender grammatical genders n
genre grammatical
(grammar) The grammatically prescribed gender of a noun, which does not necessarily correspond with the referent’s attributes such as biological sex.

grammatical mood grammatical moods n
mode
(grammar) A type of the relationship of a verb with reality and intent.

grammaticalization /ɡɹə.ˌmæ.tɪ.kə.lɪ.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ grammaticalizations n
grammaticalisation

grammatically more grammatically most grammatically adv
grammaticalement
in a grammatical manner
concerning grammar

gramps gramps n
pépé
(colloquial, humorous) Grandpa, grandfather.
papy pépé
(by extension, derogatory) Old man.

granary /ˈɡɹan(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹeɪnəɹi/ /ˈɡɹænəɹi/ granaries granarys n
grenier
(agriculture) A storage facility for grain or sometimes animal feed.
grenier grenier à grain
(figuratively) A fertile, grain-growing region.

grand ducal /ˌɡɹænd ˈdjukəl/ adj
grand-ducal

grand duchess grand duchesses n
grande-duchesse
The wife or widow of a grand duke.
A daughter or granddaughter of a sovereign (czar or later emperor) of the Russian Empire or a pretender to the throne thereof.

grand duchy grand duchies n
grand-duché
The territory owned, ruled, or reigned over by a grand duke or grand duchess; contrast grand dukedom.

grand duke grand dukes n
grand-duc
Ruler or monarch of a grand duchy.
Son or grandson of a czar (emperor) of the Russian Empire. (A more literal translation of the Russian would be grand prince.)

grand jury grand juries n
grand jury

grand narrative grand narratives n
grand récit métarécit

grand piano grand pianos n
piano à queue
(musical instruments) A large piano in which the strings are strung horizontally in a heavy frame shaped like a harp

grand prince grand princes n
grand-prince
An unusual ruler's title, sometimes incorrectly rendered as grand duke, mainly used in Lithuania and some parts of Russia (Muscovy would ultimately unite most Russian principalities and rise to imperial rank) and the Holy Roman Empire.

grand slam grand slams n
grand chelem
(bridge) The bid and winning of all the tricks during the play of one hand.
(sports) The winning of all available, major or specified events in a given year or sports season.
(baseball) The hitting of a home run with the bases loaded.
(motor racing) The situation in which a racer starts from pole position, then wins first place while leading during the entire race, while also recording the fastest lap of the race.

grand unification theory grand unification theories n
grande unification
(physics) A theory that unifies the electromagnetic interaction, the weak interaction, and the strong interaction.

grandchild grandchildren n
petit-enfant petit-fils
A child of someone's child.

granddaughter granddaughters n
petite-fille
The daughter of someone's child.

grande dame /ɡɹɒn(d)-/ /ˌɡɹænd-/ /ˌɡɹɑnd ˈdɑm/ /ˌɡɹɒ̃ ˈdɑːm/ grandes dames n
grande dame
A woman who is high-ranking, socially prominent, or has a dignified character, especially one who is advanced in age and haughty.

grandeur /ˈɡɹæn.d(j)ɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d(j)ʊɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn.d͡ʒʊɚ/ grandeurs n
splendeur
The state of being grand or splendid; magnificence.

grandfather /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑðɚ/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌfɑːðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹændˌfɑːðə/ [ˈɡɹ̠(ʷ)ẽˑə̯̃n(d)ˌfɑˑðɚ] grandfathers n
grand-père aïeul
A father of someone's parent. [from 15th c.]
(computing) The archived older version of a file that immediately preceded the father file.
aïeul grand-père
(by extension) A male forefather.

grandfather clock grandfather clocks n
pendule à balancier
A longcase clock.

grandfather-in-law grandfathers-in-law n
beau-grand-père
A grandfather of one's spouse.

grandiloquence grandiloquences n
grandiloquence
Lofty, pompous or bombastic speech or writing.

grandiloquent /ɡɹænˈdɪl.ə.kwənt/ more grandiloquent most grandiloquent adj
grandiloquent
(of a person, their language or writing) Given to using language in a showy way by using an excessive number of difficult words to impress others; bombastic; turgid.

grandiose /ɡɹæn.diˈəʊs/ /ˈɡɹæn.di.əʊs/ more grandiose most grandiose adj
grandiose
Large and impressive, in size, scope or extent.
pompeux prétentieux
Pompous or pretentious.

grandma /ˈɡɹænmɑː/ /ˈɡɹænmə/ grandmas n
mamie
(informal) Grandmother.

grandmother /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðə(r)/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)ˌmʌðɚ/ /ˈɡɹænˌmʌðə/ grandmothers n
grand-mère aïeule
A mother of someone's parent.

grandmother-in-law grandmothers-in-law n
belle-grand-mère
A grandmother of one's spouse.

grandnephew grandnephews n
petit-neveu petit-neveu fraternel petit-neveu sororel
A grandson of one's sibling; a son of one's nephew or niece. (Brother's grandson: fraternal grandnephew. Sister's grandson: sororal grandnephew.)

grandniece grandnieces n
petite-nièce
A granddaughter of one's sibling; a daughter of one's nephew or niece. (Brother's granddaughter: fraternal grandniece. Sister's granddaughter: sororal grandniece.)

grandpa /ˈɡɹæm.pɑː/ /ˈɡɹæm.pə/ grandpas n
papi papy
(informal) grandfather

grandparent /ˈɡɹæn(d)pæɹənt/ /ˈɡɹæn(d)pɛəɹənt/ grandparents n
grand-parent aïeul aïeule
the parent of someone's parent

grandson /ˈɡɹæn(d)sʌn/ grandsons n
petit-fils
A son of one's child.

grandstand /ɡɹændˌstænd/ grandstands n
tribune
The seating area at a stadium or arena; the bleachers.
The audience at a public event.

granite /ˈɡɹæ.naɪt/ /ˈɡɹæ.nɪt/ granites n
granite granit
(rock) A group of igneous and plutonic rocks composed primarily of feldspar and quartz. Usually contains one or more dark minerals, which may be mica, pyroxene, or amphibole. Granite is quarried for building stone, road gravel, decorative stone, and tombstones. Common colors are gray, white, pink, and yellow-brown.

granitic more granitic most granitic adj
granitique
Of, pertaining to, or containing granite.

granitically adv
granitiquement

granitoid granitoids n
granitoïde
(geology) Any mineral that resembles granite.

granivore granivores n
granivore
Any animal that eats seeds as the main part of its diet

granivorous adj
granivore

granny /ˈɡɹæni/ grannies n
mamie mémé
(colloquial) A grandmother.
vieille mémé
(colloquial, derogatory) An elderly woman.

granny knot granny knots n
nœud de vache
A knot similar to the reef knot but crossed the opposite way.

granodiorite granodiorites n
granodiorite
(rock) An intrusive igneous rock similar to granite, but containing more plagioclase than potassium feldspar.

granola /ɡɹəˈnoʊlə/ granolas n
granola
A breakfast and snack food consisting of loose, crispy pellets made of nuts, rolled oats, honey and other natural ingredients.

grant /ɡɹænt/ /ɡɹɑːnt/ /ɡɹɒnt/ grants n
subvention bourse
The thing or property granted; a gift; a boon.

grant /ɡɹænt/ /ɡɹɑːnt/ /ɡɹɒnt/ v
accorder admettre
(transitive) To agree with (someone) on (something); to accept (something) for the sake of argument; to admit to (someone) that (something) is true.

grant-in-aid grants-in-aid n
allocation

grantedly more grantedly most grantedly adv
certes
as is acknowledged to be true; by general admission

granular /ˈɡɹæn.jə.lə(ɹ)/ more granular most granular adj
granuleux
Consisting of, or resembling, granules or grains

granulate v
grainer granuler
(transitive) To segment into tiny grains or particles.

granulated sugar granulated sugars n
sucre en poudre
Ordinary white sugar, for domestic use, having a relatively large crystal size.

granule /ˈɡɹæn.jul/ /ˈɡɹæn.juːl/ /ˈɡɹæn.jəl/ granules n
granule
A tiny grain, a small particle.
(biology) A small structure in a cell.

grape /ɡɹeɪp/ grapes n
raisin
(countable) A small, round, smooth-skinned edible fruit, usually purple, red, or green, that grows in bunches on vines of genus Vitis.
(countable) Any of various fruits or plants with varying resemblances to those of genus Vitis but belonging to other genera; their edibility varies.

grape juice grape juices n
jus de raisin
The unfermented juice of squeezed grapes, used as a beverage.

grapefruit /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹut/ /ˈɡɹeɪpfɹuːt/ grapefruit grapefruits n
pamplemoussier pamplemousse
The tree of the species Citrus paradisi, a hybrid of Citrus maxima and sweet orange.
pamplemousse pomélo pamplemoussier
The large spherical tart fruit produced by this tree.

grapefruit spoon /ˌɡɹeɪpfɹut ˈspun/ /ˌɡɹeɪpfɹuːt ˈspuːn/ grapefruit spoons n
cuillère à pamplemousse
A spoon with a pointed and/or serrated tip designed for separating the flesh of a grapefruit from its rind.

grapeshot grapeshot grapeshots n
mitraille
(historical) A cluster of small iron balls, put together in a canvas bag in order to be used as a charge for a cannon.

grapevine grapevine grapevines n
vigne
The plant, a vine of genus Vitis, on which grapes grow.
téléphone arabe rumeur
An informal person-to-person means of circulating information or gossip.

graph /ɡɹæf/ /ɡɹɑːf/ graphs n
graphique
(mathematics) A set of points constituting a graphical representation of a real function; (formally) a set of tuples (x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m, y)\in\R^{m+1}, where y=f(x_1, x_2, \ldots, x_m) for a given function f: \R^m\rightarrow\R. See also w:Graph of a function on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
graphe
(graph theory) A set of vertices (or nodes) connected together by edges; (formally) an ordered pair of sets (V,E), where the elements of V are called vertices or nodes and E is a set of pairs (called edges) of elements of V. See also w:Graph (discrete mathematics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

graph paper graph papers n
papier pour graphiques
Paper ruled into small squares, usually of equal size, for use in drawing graphs or other charts.

graph theorist graph theorists n
théoricien des graphes
(graph theory) A mathematician or computer scientist who specializes in graph theory

graph theory graph theories n
théorie des graphes
(uncountable, mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with the properties of graphs (networks of vertices and edges).

grapheme /ˈɡɹæf.iːm/ graphemes n
graphème
(Unicode) A sequence of one or more code points that are processed and displayed as a single graphical unit of a writing system.

graphene /ˈɡɹæf.iːn/ graphenes n
graphène
(inorganic chemistry) An arbitrarily large-scale, one-atom-thick layer of graphite, an allotrope of carbon, that has remarkable electric characteristics.

graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/ more graphic most graphic adj
graphique
Drawn, pictorial.
cru explicite imagé
Vivid, descriptive, often in relation to depictions of sex or violence.

graphic /ˈɡɹæfɪk/ graphics n
graphique
A drawing or picture.
(mostly in plural) A computer-generated image as viewed on a screen forming part of a game or a film etc.

graphic design n
graphisme

graphic designer graphic designers n
graphiste
An artist who creates images for a specific purpose, such as advertising or web design.

graphic novel graphic novels n
roman graphique BD bande dessinée bédé
(comics) A comic book containing a single full non-episodic story.

graphical user interface graphical user interfaces n
environnement graphique interface graphique
(computing) A type of user interface which allows people to interact with a computer through a metaphor of direct manipulation of graphical images and widgets in addition to text.

graphics /ˈɡɹæfɪks/ n
graphiques
graphisme
(computing) The pictorial representation and manipulation of data; the process by which a computer displays data.

graphics card graphics cards n
carte graphique carte vidéo adaptateur graphique
(computing) A circuit board that generates and controls the visual display on a computer screen.

graphics processing unit graphics processing units n
processeur graphique
(computer hardware) A specialized electronic circuit designed to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display device.

graphics tablet graphics tablets n
tablette graphique
(computing) An input device that enables a user to draw images by hand, as if with a pencil, and import them into a computer system.

graphite /ˈɡɹæfaɪt/ graphites n
graphite
An allotrope of carbon, consisting of planes of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal arrays with the planes stacked loosely, that is used as a dry lubricant, in "lead" pencils, and as a moderator in some nuclear reactors.

grapholect grapholects n
grapholecte
(linguistics) A written variant of a language, analogous to a spoken dialect of a language.

graphologist graphologists n
graphologue
A practitioner of graphology.

graphology /ɡɹæˈfɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɡɹæˈfɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ graphologies n
graphologie
(uncountable) The study of handwriting, especially as a means of analyzing a person's character.

graphomania /ˌɡɹæfəˈmeɪni.ə/ graphomanias n
graphomanie
The compulsion to write.

graphometer graphometers n
graphomètre
A surveyor's instrument for measuring angles.

graphomotor adj
graphomoteur

graphosphere graphospheres n
graphosphère

grappa /ˈɡɹæpə/ /ˈɡɹɑpə/ grappas n
grappa eau-de-vie marc
(uncountable) An Italian grape-based spirit of between 80 and 100 proof, made from the distillation of pomace.

grapper /ˈɡɹæpəɹ/ grappers n
arrêt de lance
A metal ring or leather strap on the base of a lance behind the grip, designed to stop the lance from moving backward by catching on the lance rest or on the lancer's chest and arm when the lance was tucked into the armpit.

grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/ grapples n
combat lutte
A close hand-to-hand struggle.
grappin
A tool with claws or hooks which is used to catch or hold something.
abordage
The act of grappling. (uncountable)

grapple /ˈɡɹæpəl/ v
agripper saisir
(transitive) To seize something and hold it firmly.

grappling hook /ˈɡɹæp(ə)lɪŋ ˌhʊk/ grappling hooks n
grappin
A type of hook attached to a line and designed to be thrown at a target (e.g. rigging of an enemy ship) for the purpose of catching hold of it.

grasp /ɡɹæps/ /ɡɹæsp/ /ɡɹɑːsp/ v
saisir agripper
To grip; to take hold, particularly with the hand.
comprendre saisir
To understand.
To take advantage of something, to seize, to jump at a chance.

grasp all, lose all proverb
qui trop embrasse mal étreint
One who wants everything may lose it all.

grass /ɡɹæs/ /ɡɹɑːs/ [ɡɹ̠as] [ɡɹ̠eəs] [ɡɹ̠äːs] [ɡɹ̠æs] [ɡɹ̠ɐːs] [ɡɹ̠ɑːs] [ɡɹ̠ɛəs] grasses n
herbe
(countable, uncountable) Any plant of the family Poaceae, characterized by leaves that arise from nodes in the stem and leaf bases that wrap around the stem, especially those grown as ground cover rather than for grain.
pelouse gazon
(uncountable) A lawn.
herbe beuh
(uncountable, slang) Marijuana.
balance
(countable, Britain, slang) An informer, police informer; one who betrays a group (of criminals, etc) to the authorities.

grass /ɡɹæs/ /ɡɹɑːs/ [ɡɹ̠as] [ɡɹ̠eəs] [ɡɹ̠äːs] [ɡɹ̠æs] [ɡɹ̠ɐːs] [ɡɹ̠ɑːs] [ɡɹ̠ɛəs] v
moucharder
(transitive, or, intransitive, slang) To act as a grass or informer, to betray; to report on (criminals etc) to the authorities.
enherber
(transitive) To cover with grass or with turf.

grass mud horse grass mud horses n
cheval de l'herbe et de la boue
One of the ten "mythical Baidu deities" invented by Chinese internet users for the purpose of circumventing censorship. Usually depicted as resembling an alpaca, and is supposedly living in the Mahler Gobi desert.

grass of Parnassus n
parnassie
Bog star, any of the genus Parnassia of plants.

grass snake grass snakes n
couleuvre à collier couleuvre
A nonvenomous snake of species Natrix natrix, native to Europe, with a yellow collar.

grasshopper /ɡɹæsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹæsˌhɑpəɹ/ /ˈɡɹɑːsˌhɒpə(ɹ)/ grasshoppers n
sauterelle
A mostly herbivorous insect of the order Orthoptera, noted for its ability to jump long distances and for the habit of some species communicating by stridulation; they are related to but distinct from crickets.
petit scarabée
(figuratively) A young student in initial stages of training who has been chosen on account of their obvious talent.

grasshopper warbler grasshopper warblers n
locustelle tachetée
Any of a number of species of small songbirds in the genera Locustella and Helopsaltes, especially Locustella naevia.

grassroots more grassroots most grassroots adj
local sur le terrain
Of, or relating to people or society at the local level, particularly in politics, social movements, etc.; of the grass roots.

grassy /ˈɡɹæsi/ /ˈɡɹɑːsi/ grassier grassiest adj
herbeux
Covered with grass.

grate /ɡɹeɪt/ v
taper sur les nerfs
râper
(transitive, cooking) To shred (things, usually foodstuffs), by rubbing across a grater.

grated /ˈɡɹeɪtɪd/ [ˈɡɹeɪ̯ɾɪd] more grated most grated adj
râpé
Produced by grating.

grateful /ˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ gratefuller gratefullest more grateful most grateful adj
reconnaissant
Appreciative; thankful.
(obsolete, or, archaic) Pleasing, welcome.

gratefulness gratefulnesses n
reconnaissance
The state of being grateful.

grater /ˈɡɹeɪtə/ /ˈɡɹeɪtɚ/ graters n
râpe
a tool with which one grates, especially foods such as cheese, to facilitate getting small particles or shreds off a solid lump

gratification /ˌɡɹætɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ gratifications n
récompense
A gratuity; a reward.

gratify /ˈɡrætɪfaɪ/ v
gratifier

gratin dauphinois gratins dauphinois n
gratin dauphinois

gratinate v
gratiner
(transitive, intransitive, cooking) To bake so as to form a gratin.

grating /ˈɡɹeɪtɪŋ/ [ˈɡɹeɪ̯ɾɪŋ] gratings n
grille
A barrier that has parallel or crossed bars blocking a passage but admitting air.

gratitude /ˈɡɹætɪt(j)ud/ gratitudes n
gratitude
The state of being grateful.

gratuitous /ɡɹəˈtjuː.ɪt.əs/ /ɡɹəˈtu.ɪt.əs/ more gratuitous most gratuitous adj
gratuit
Given freely; unearned.
Unjustified or unnecessary; not called for by the circumstances.

gratuitously /ɡɹəˈtju.ə.təs.li/ /ɡɹəˈtjuː.ɪ.təs.li/ /ɡɹəˈtu.ə.təs.li/ /ɡɹəˈtʃuː.ɪ.təs.li/ more gratuitously most gratuitously adv
gratuitement
Freely; in the manner of a gift, without being earned.
In a manner not demanded by the circumstances, without reason, justification, cause, or proof.

gratuity /ɡɹəˈtjuːətɪ/ /ɡɹəˈtuːətɪ/ gratuities n
pourboire
An additional payment given freely as thanks for service.

graupel /ˈɡɹaʊpəl/ graupels n
neige roulée
(meteorology, uncountable) A precipitation that forms when supercooled droplets of water condense on a snowflake.

grave /ɡrɑːv/ /ɡɹeɪv/ graver gravest adj
grave
Characterised by a dignified sense of seriousness; not cheerful. [from 16th c.]
Serious, in a negative sense; important, formidable. [from 19th c.]

grave /ɡrɑːv/ /ɡɹeɪv/ graves n
tombe sépulture
An excavation in the earth as a place of burial.

grave /ɡrɑːv/ /ɡɹeɪv/ v
graver
(intransitive, obsolete) To carve or cut, as letters or figures, on some hard substance; to engrave.
(intransitive, obsolete) To impress deeply (on the mind); to fix indelibly.
sculpter tailler
(transitive, obsolete) To carve out or give shape to, by cutting with a chisel; to sculpture.

grave accent grave accents n
accent grave
(countable) A diacritic mark ( ` ) used in many languages to distinguish the pronunciations of vowels.

grave goods n
mobilier funéraire
(archaeology) The artefacts (jewellery, animals, slaves, etc) buried with a dead person in a grave or tomb.

gravedigger /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɹeɪv.ˌdɪɡ.əɹ/ gravediggers n
fossoyeur
A person employed to dig graves.
nécrophore fossoyeur
A necrophore, or burying beetle.

gravel /ˈɡɹævəl/ gravels n
graviers gravillons gravier
(uncountable) Small fragments of rock, used for laying on the beds of roads and railways, and as ballast.
gravier
A type or grade of small rocks, differentiated by mineral type, size range, or other characteristics.
(uncountable, geology) A particle from 2 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.

gravelly /ˈɡɹævəli/ more gravelly most gravelly adj
graveleux
Full of, covered with, or similar to gravel or pebbles.

gravely /ˈɡɹeɪvli/ more gravely most gravely adv
gravement
In a grave or serious manner.

graveyard /ˈɡɹeɪvˌjɑɹd/ graveyards n
cimetière
A tract of land in which the dead are buried.

graveyard shift graveyard shifts n
poste de nuit
A night shift, especially one from midnight to 8 AM on a three-shift schedule.

gravi- prefix
gravi-

gravid /ˈɡɹævɪd/ more gravid most gravid adj
gravide
(of egglaying animals, now, chiefly, metaphorically) Pregnant.

gravitate /ˈɡɹævɪteɪt/ v
graviter
(intransitive, astrophysics) To move under the force of gravity.

gravitation /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃən/ gravitations n
gravitation
(physics) The fundamental force of attraction that exists between all matter in the universe, caused by the curvature of spacetime caused by matter. It is the weakest of the four fundamental interaction, and possesses a gauge boson known as the graviton.

gravitational /ˌɡɹævɪˈteɪʃənəl/ adj
gravitationnel
Pertaining to, or caused by, gravity or gravitation.

gravitational collapse gravitational collapses n
effondrement gravitationnel
The stage in the evolution of a star in which the pressure of the star is insufficient to maintain it at a stable size, and its material falls inward under its own gravity, eventually forming a black hole or a neutron star, and sometimes accompanied by a supernova explosion.

gravitational field gravitational fields n
champ gravitationnel
(physics) the field produced by the gravitational force of mass

gravitational interaction n
interaction gravitationnelle
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the gravitational force.

gravitational lens gravitational lenses n
lentille gravitationnelle mirage gravitationnel macrolentille
(astronomy) A distribution of matter whose gravitational field bends the path of light rays sufficiently to distort, magnify or multiply images of more distant objects.

gravitational singularity gravitational singularities n
singularité gravitationnelle
(physics) A location where the quantities that are used to measure the gravitational field become infinite in a way that does not depend on the coordinate system.

gravitational wave /ˌɡɹæ.vəˈteɪ.ʃə.nəl weɪv/ gravitational waves n
onde gravitationnelle
(relativity) A fluctuation in spacetime caused by accelerating mass, which propagates as a wave at the speed of light.

gravitationally adv
gravitationnellement
As a result of the force of gravity.

gravitino gravitinos n
gravitino
(particle) A subatomic particle, related to the graviton, predicted by supersymmetry

graviton /ˈɡɹavɪtɒn/ gravitons n
graviton
(particle) A hypothetical gauge boson that regulates the gravitational force. It would have a spin of 2 and zero rest mass.

gravity /ˈɡɹævɪti/ gravities n
gravité pesanteur
(physics) The force at the Earth's surface, of the attraction by the Earth's masses, and the centrifugal pseudo-force caused by the Earth's rotation, resulting from gravitation.
gravité gravitation
(loosely, see usage notes) Gravitation, the universal force exercised by two bodies onto each other.

gravity well gravity wells n
puits gravitationnel

gravlax /ˈɡɹavˌlaks/ /ˈɡɹɑvˌlɑks/ n
gravlax gravelax
Salmon dry-cured in salt, seasoned with dill and sugar, and served usually thinly sliced as an appetizer.

gravy /ˈɡɹeɪvi/ gravies n
jus de viande sauce au jus sauce brune sauce de viande
(Southern US) A pale sauce prepared from a roux with meat fat; a type of béchamel sauce.
bénéfice profit
(uncountable, informal) Unearned gain; extra benefit.

gravy boat gravy boats n
saucière
A dish with a handle and spout, used to serve gravy or other sauces.

gravy train gravy trains n
poule aux œufs d'or
(idiomatic) An occupation or situation that generates considerable income or benefits while requiring little effort and carrying little risk.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grayer grayest more gray most gray adj
gris
Of a gray hue.
Dreary, gloomy.
Of an indistinct, disputed or uncertain quality.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ grays n
gris
An achromatic colour between black and white.
gray
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of absorbed dose of radiation (radiation absorbed by a patient); one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of the patient's mass. Symbol: Gy
Gris
(chiefly, US, ufology) an extraterrestrial humanoid with grayish skin, bulbous black eyes, and an enlarged head.

gray /ɡɹeɪ/ v
griser
To cause to become gray.

gray fox gray foxes n
renard gris
Urocyon cinereoargenteus, a carnivorous mammal of the family Canidae, ranging throughout most of the southern half of North America.

gray out v
griser

gray rape gray rapes n
miol

gray squirrel gray squirrels n
écureuil occidental
Sciurus griseus, a species of squirrel, found along the western coast of the United States and Canada, the western gray squirrel.
écureuil gris
Sciurus carolinensis, a species of squirrel, found in the eastern and midwestern United States and Canada, and western Europe, eastern gray squirrel.

gray water gray waters n
eaux grises eau de ménage
Water that is not clean enough to be potable, such as having been used for washing, but not contaminated with fecal matter or other source of dangerous bacteria or dangerous or noxious materials.

graybody graybodies n
corps gris
(physics) A body that radiates energy having a blackbody distribution reduced by a constant factor.

grayish /ˈɡɹeɪ.ɪʃ/ more grayish most grayish adj
grisâtre
Somewhat gray.

grayling grayling graylings n
ombre
Any freshwater fish of the genus Thymallus or specifically Thymallus thymallus, of the salmon family, having a large dorsal fin.

graze /ɡɹeɪz/ grazes n
éraflure
The act of grazing; a scratching or injuring lightly on passing.

graze /ɡɹeɪz/ v
faire paître
(transitive) To feed or supply (cattle, sheep, etc.) with grass; to furnish pasture for.
paître brouter pâturer
(ambitransitive) To feed on; to eat (growing herbage); to eat grass from (a pasture)
faire paître paître
(transitive) To tend (cattle, etc.) while grazing.
grignoter
(intransitive) To eat small amounts of food periodically throughout the day, rather than at fixed mealtimes, often not in response to hunger.
effleurer frôler raser
(transitive) To rub or touch lightly the surface of (a thing) in passing.
écorcher érafler
(transitive) To cause a slight wound to; to scratch.

grease /ɡɹis/ /ɡɹiz/ /ɡɹiːs/ greases n
graisse
Animal fat in a melted or soft state.
(by extension) Any oily or fatty matter.

grease /ɡɹis/ /ɡɹiz/ /ɡɹiːs/ v
graisser
(transitive) To put grease or fat on something, especially in order to lubricate.
corrompre graisser la patte
(transitive, informal) To cause to go easily; to facilitate.
lubrifier
(transitive, slang, aviation) To perform a landing extraordinarily smoothly.

grease gun grease guns n
pompe à graisse
A levered device for forcing grease into machinery.

grease monkey grease monkeys n
mécano
(idiomatic, slang) A mechanic, often with the specific connotation of an automobile mechanic.

grease someone's palm v
graisser la patte
(idiomatic) To bribe a person.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] greater greatest adj
formidable excellent super
(informal) Very good; excellent; wonderful; fantastic. [from 1848]
grand grande
Important, consequential.
grand
(applied to actions, thoughts and feelings) Arising from or possessing idealism; admirable; commanding; illustrious; eminent.
Doing or exemplifying (a characteristic or pursuit) on a large scale; active or enthusiastic.

great /ɡɹet/ /ɡɹiːt/ /ɡɹɛːt/ /ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɡɹæɪt/ [ˈɡɹeːt] [ˈɡɹɛːt] interjection
chouette génial très bien
Expression of gladness and content about something.
sarcastic inversion thereof.

great Scott /ɡɹeɪt skɒt/ interjection
nom de Zeus
(dated) An exclamation of surprise or amazement

great antshrike great antshrikes n
grand batara
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Taraba major, syn. Thamnophilus major).

great ape great apes n
grand singe hominidé
Any member of the taxonomic family Hominidae, including Homo, and also many similar extinct species.

great auk great auks n
grand pingouin
A large extinct auk (†Pinguinus impennis).

great circle great circles n
grand cercle
A segment of such circle representing the shortest distance between two points on the surface of a sphere.

great cormorant great cormorants n
grand cormoran
A seabird of the species Phalacrocorax carbo.

great green macaw great green macaws n
ara de Buffon
An endangered parrot, Ara ambiguus, found in Central America.

great grey owl great grey owls n
chouette lapone chouette cendrée
Strix nebulosa, a very large owl.

great horned owl great horned owls n
grand-duc d'Amérique
A large owl, Bubo virginianus, resident in North America, having tufts on its ears.

great martyr great martyrs n
mégalomartyr mégalomartyre
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A saint who was martyred after suffering great torture.

great minds think alike proverb
les grands esprits se rencontrent
Used to emphasize a coincidence, or two people reaching the same conclusion in any manner at the same time.

great northern diver great northern divers n
plongeon huard plongeon imbrin huard huart à collier imbrim richepaume
(UK, Ireland) A large member of the diver family, Gavia immer, commonly breeding in North America, where it is known as the as common loon.

great northern prawn great northern prawns n
crevette nordique
A species of shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Pandalus borealis.

great power great powers n
grande puissance
(international relations) A state that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale.

great primer n
gros-romain

great reed warbler great reed warblers n
rousserolle turdoïde
Acrocephalus arundinaceus, an Old World warbler.

great saphenous vein great saphenous veins n
veine grande saphène
(anatomy) The large subcutaneous superficial vein of the leg and thigh.

great skua great skuas n
grand labbe skua
A large seabird, Stercorarius skua.

great snipe great snipes n
bécassine double double-bécassine
A medium-small wading bird (Gallinago media).

great spotted woodpecker /ˈɡɹeɪt ˈspɒtəd ˈwʊdpɛkeɹ/ great spotted woodpeckers n
pic épeiche
A species of woodpecker, Dendrocopos major.

great tit /ˈɡɹeɪt tɪt/ great tits n
mésange charbonnière mésange
A bird in the Paridae family, Parus major.

great unwashed /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɑːʃt/ /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɒʃt/ /ˌɡɹeɪt ʌnˈwɔːʃt/ n
vulgum pecus
(idiomatic, derogatory) The general populace, particularly the working class.

great white shark great white sharks n
grand requin blanc
A large shark, Carcharodon carcharias, of coastal surface waters in all major oceans that feeds on fish and marine mammals.

great- prefix
arrière
With familial designations, used to denote a removal of one generation

great-aunt great-aunts n
grand-tante grand’tante
An aunt of one's parent (i.e. a sister or sister-in-law of one's grandparent).

great-grandchild great-grandchildren n
arrière-petit-enfant arrière-petit-fils
The child (son or daughter) of one's grandchild.

great-granddaughter great-granddaughters n
arrière-petite-fille
The daughter of someone's grandchild.

great-grandfather great-grandfathers n
arrière-grand-père bisaïeul
The father of one's grandparent.

great-grandmother great-grandmothers n
arrière-grand-mère bisaïeule
The mother of one's grandparent.

great-grandparent great-grandparents n
arrière-grand-parent bisaïeul
A parent of a grandparent; a grandparent of a parent.

great-grandson great-grandsons n
arrière-petit-fils
A son of a grandchild.

great-great-grandfather great-great-grandfathers n
arrière-arrière-grand-père trisaïeul
The father of someone's great-grandparent.

great-great-grandmother great-great-grandmothers n
arrière-arrière-grand-mère trisaïeule
The mother of someone’s great-grandparent.

great-great-grandparent great-great-grandparents n
arrière-arrière-grand-parent
A parent of a great-grandparent, a grandparent of a grandparent and a great-grandparent of a parent.

great-uncle great-uncles n
grand-oncle
An uncle of one's parent (i.e. a brother or brother-in-law of one's grandparent).

greatcoat greatcoats n
pardessus paletot capote
A heavy overcoat.

greater adjutant greater adjutants n
marabout argala
A bird (Leptoptilos dubius) of the stork family native to India and Southeast Asia

greater argentine greater argentines n
grande argentine
A northern Atlantic fish, herring-smelt (Argentina silus, syn. Salmo silus)

greater celandine greater celandines n
chélidoine
A European perennial herb, Chelidonium majus, a flower of the poppy family with yellow flowers, native to Europe and western Asia.

greater flamingo greater flamingoes greater flamingos n
flamant rose

greater omentum greater omenta greater omentums n
grand omentum
(anatomy) A large peritoneal fold that extends from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon.

greater rhea greater rheas n
nandou d'Amérique
Rhea americana, a species of flightless bird native to eastern South America.

greater scaup greater scaups n
fuligule milouinan
A scaup of the species Aythya marila, a bluebill.

greater short-toed lark greater short-toed larks n
alouette calandrelle
Calandrella brachydactyla, a small passerine bird.

greater spotted eagle greater spotted eagles n
aigle criard
Clanga clanga, a medium-sized migratory raptor native to Asia, north-eastern Africa and eastern Europe.

greater than greater thans n
plus grand que supérieur à
The character >, denoting having a larger amount or number

greater white-fronted goose greater white-fronted geese n
oie rieuse
Anser albifrons

greater yellowlegs greater yellowlegs n
grand chevalier
A shorebird of North America characterized by its yellow legs, Tringa melanoleuca.

greatest common divisor greatest common divisors n
plus grand commun diviseur plus grand commun dénominateur
(arithmetic, number theory) The largest positive integer (respectively polynomial, element of a given ring) that is a divisor of each of a given set of integers (respectively polynomials, elements of a given ring).

greatest thing since sliced bread n
mieux que le fil à couper le beurre
(idiomatic) Something amazing, outstanding or praiseworthy, especially a relatively recent invention likely to improve people's lives.

greatly /ˈɡɹeɪtli/ greater greatest greatlier greatliest more greatly most greatly adv
grandement
To a great extent or degree.

greatness /ˈɡɹeɪtnəs/ greatnesses n
grandeur
The state, condition, or quality of being great

greave /ɡɹiːv/ greaves n
grève
A piece of armour that protects the leg, especially the shin, and occasionally the tops of the feet.

greaves /ɡɹivz/ n
cretons grattons
The unmeltable residue left after animal fat has been rendered.

grebe /ɡɹiːb/ grebes n
grèbe
Any of several waterbirds in the cosmopolitan family Podicipedidae. They have strong, sharp bills, and lobate toes.

greed /ɡɹid/ greeds n
avidité cupidité
A selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possessions.

greedily more greedily most greedily adv
avidement
In a greedy manner; with keen or ardent desire.

greedy /ˈɡɹiːdi/ greedier greediest adj
avide cupide avaricieux
Having greed; consumed by selfish desires.
gourmand
Prone to overeat.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greener greenest adj
vert
(figurative, of people) Sickly, unwell.
vert inexpérimenté
Unripe, said of certain fruits that change color when they ripen.
(figurative) Environmentally friendly.
(particle physics) Having a color charge of green.
bleu nouveau peu expérimenté
(figurative) Inexperienced.
vert de jalousie
(figurative, of people) Naive or unaware of obvious facts.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ greens n
vert
The colour of grass and leaves; a primary additive colour midway between yellow and cyan which is evoked by light between roughly roughly 495–570 nm.
vert verte
(politics, sometimes capitalised) A member of a green party; an environmentalist.

green /ɡɹin/ /ɡɹiːn/ v
verdir
(transitive) To make (something) green, to turn (something) green.

green alder green alders n
aulne vert
A tree in the genus Alnus; Alnus viridis.

green alga green algae n
algue verte
Any of very many plant organisms, of the phyla Chlorophyta and Charophyta, that grow in damp places; a chlorophyte

green bean green beans n
haricot haricot vert
The immature pods of any kind of bean plant, eaten as a vegetable.

green belt /ˈɡrin ˌbɛlt/ /ˈɡriːn bɛlt/ green belts n
ceinture verte
(chiefly, Britain) An area of agricultural land around an urban area that is protected from large-scale building.

green bottle fly green bottle flies n
mouche verte
(entomology) Any of the flies in the genus Lucilia (alias Phaenicia).

green card green cards n
carte verte green card
(US) A US work permit, officially known as United States Permanent Resident Card.

green energy green energies n
énergie verte
Non-polluting source of energy.

green fairy n
fée verte
(colloquial) Absinthe liquor.

green goddess n
déesse verte vinaigrette déesse verte
A variety of salad dressing containing mayonnaise, sour cream, chives and chervil.

green hellebore green hellebores n
hellébore vert
An extremely toxic herbaceous perennial plant of the species Veratrum viride that is native to the western and eastern parts of the United States, but not the central part.

green hydrogen n
hydrogène d’origine renouvelable

green jersey green jerseys n
maillot vert
(cycle racing) The green-colored shirt worn by the leader of a subsidiary competition in a race. In the Tour de France it is worn by the leader of the points competition.

green junglefowl green junglefowl green junglefowls n
coq de Java

green light green lights n
feu vert
A traffic light in its green state (indicating that vehicles may proceed).
(idiomatic) Approval, or permission to proceed.

green line green lines n
ligne verte
A demarcation line, such as that separating Israeli and Palestinian/other Arab territories according to a 1949 armistice, or that separating the Republic of Cyprus from the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.

green monkey green monkeys n
vervet
An Old World monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
Any monkey the genus Chlorocebus.

green olive green olives n
olive verte
An olive picked before it has ripened; as opposed to a black olive which is picked after ripening.

green pass green passes n
passe sanitaire

green pepper green peppers n
poivre vert
The green, unripe, form of the sweet bell pepper. Popular in cooking, especially Italian cuisine. The unripe bell pepper is green and generally changes to other colors as it matures, cultivars exist for red, orange, yellow and other shades.

green sandpiper green sandpipers n
chevalier cul-blanc
Tringa ochropus, a small wading bird.

green sea turtle green sea turtles n
tortue verte
Any of species Chelonia mydas of large sea turtles, the only species of the genus Chelonia.

green tea green teas n
thé vert
Leaves of the tea plant which are treated with steam or roasted to denature the enzymes that cause the leaves to darken and change taste. (Without this step they would become oolong tea or black tea).
A beverage brewed from green tea leaves.

green thumb green thumbs n
avoir la main verte avoir le pouce vert
(US, idiomatic) A natural skill for gardening.
avoir la main verte
(US) A person with this skill.

green warbler green warblers n
pouillot du Caucase
Phylloscopus nitidus, a leaf warbler found in the Caucasus Mountains in south central Europe.

green with envy adj
vert de jalousie
(idiomatic) Consumed by envy; envious to the point where it is noticeable to others.

green woodpecker /ɡɹinˈwʊdpɛkə(ɹ)/ green woodpeckers n
pic vert pivert
Any of species Picus viridis of European woodpeckers.

green-backed firecrown green-backed firecrowns n
colibri du Chili
A South American hummingbird, Sephanoides sephaniodes.

green-eyed greener-eyed greenest-eyed more green-eyed most green-eyed adj
aux yeux verts
(literal) Having green eyes.

greenfinch greenfinches n
verdier
the European greenfinch, a common Old World finch, Carduelis chloris, now Chloris chloris, that is mainly green with yellow in the wings and tail.

greengage /ˈɡɹiːnɡeɪd͡ʒ/ greengages n
reine-claude
A plum cultivar with greenish-yellow flesh and skin, Prunus domestica subsp. italica var. claudiana.

greengrocer /ˈɡɹinˌɡɹəʊs.ə(ɹ)/ greengrocers n
marchand de fruits et légumes primeur
(chiefly, British, AU, NZ, Irish) A person who sells fresh vegetables and fruit, normally from a relatively small shop.

greengrocer's greengrocers' n
magasin de fruits et légumes
A shop where fresh fruit and vegetables are sold.

greengrocer's apostrophe greengrocer's apostrophes n
apostrophe mal placée
An incorrectly used apostrophe, especially one mistakenly used to form the plural of a noun, for example to write the plural of banana as banana's instead of bananas.

greenhorn greenhorns n
blanc-bec bleu béjaune
(chiefly, US) An inexperienced person; a novice, beginner or newcomer.

greenhouse /ˈɡɹiːnˌhaʊs/ greenhouses n
serre
A building used to grow plants, particularly one with large glass windows or plastic sheeting to trap heat from sunlight even in intemperate seasons or climates.

greenhouse effect greenhouse effects n
effet de serre
The process by which a planet is heated by solar radiation which is retained by its atmosphere.

greenhouse gas greenhouse gases n
gaz à effet de serre
Any gas, such as carbon dioxide, methane, or CFCs, that contributes to the greenhouse effect when released into the atmosphere.

greenish /ˈɡɹiːnɪʃ/ more greenish most greenish adj
verdâtre verdouillard
Somewhat green in color.

greenish warbler greenish warblers n
pouillot verdâtre
Phylloscopus trochiloides, a widespread leaf warbler with a breeding range in northeastern Europe and temperate to subtropical continental Asia.

greenlight /ˈɡɹiːnlaɪt/ v
feu vert
(transitive) To approve; to permit to proceed.

greenness /ˈɡɹiːn.nəs/ greennesses n
verdeur
The state or quality of being green; green colour. [from 8th c.]

greens /ɡɹiːnz/ n
légumes verts
Green vegetables; edible plants or plant parts that contain chlorophyll.

greenstick fracture greenstick fractures n
fracture en bois vert
An incomplete fracture of a long bone in which one side of a bone is broken while the other is bent

greenwash /ˈɡɹiːnwɒʃ/ greenwashes n
écoblanchiment
A false or misleading picture of environmental friendliness used to conceal or obscure damaging activities.

greenwashing greenwashings n
écoblanchiment

greenway greenways n
coulée verte voie verte
A corridor of undeveloped or park land, set aside for environmental protection or recreational and primarily non-motorized use, such as bicycle paths.

greet /ɡɹiːt/ v
saluer recevoir
(transitive) To arrive at or reach, or meet.
(transitive) To accost; to address.

greeting /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋ/ greetings n
salutation salut
A conventional phrase used to start a letter or conversation or otherwise to acknowledge a person's arrival or presence.

greeting card greeting cards n
carte de vœux
A card, typically folded in half and available commercially, that is sent to someone as a greeting. (This entry is a translation hub.)

greetings /ˈɡɹiːtɪŋz/ interjection
salutations
(sometimes, formal, sometimes, humorous) Hello.

gregarious /ɡɹɪˈɡɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /ɡɹɪˈɡɛɹ.i.əs/ more gregarious most gregarious adj
sociable
(of a person) Describing one who enjoys being in crowds and socializing.
grégaire
(zoology) Of animals that travel in herds or packs.

gregariousness /ɡɹɪˈɡɛə.ɹɪ.əs.nəs/ n
sociabilité
The state of being gregarious.

greige /ɡɹeɪ/ /ɡɹeɪʒ/ /ɡɹɛʒ/ adj
grège
(textiles) Of clothing, textiles, etc.: neither bleached nor dyed, nor otherwise fully processed; unfinished.
Of a colour like that of unbleached or undyed fabric, between grey and beige.

greige /ɡɹeɪ/ /ɡɹeɪʒ/ /ɡɹɛʒ/ greiges n
grège
A colour like that of unbleached or undyed fabric between grey and beige, closely akin to taupe.

greige goods /ɡɹeɪ-/ /ɡɹeɪʒ ˈɡʊdz/ /ɡɹɛʒ-/ n
grège
(textiles) Clothing, textiles, etc., which have neither been bleached nor dyed, nor otherwise fully processed.

grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ grenades n
grenade
A small explosive device, designed to be thrown by hand or launched using a rifle, grenade launcher, or rocket.

grenade /ɡɹəˈneɪd/ v
grenader
To use grenade(s) upon.

grenade launcher grenade launchers n
lance-grenade lance-grenades
A weapon that shoots grenades from a device.

grenadier /ɡɹɛnəˈdɪə/ grenadiers n
grenadier
(military) A type of soldier, originally one who threw grenades, later a member of a company formed from the tallest men of the regiment; now specifically, a member of the Grenadier Guards of Canada and the United Kingdom.

gressorial more gressorial most gressorial adj
gressoripède

grey area grey areas n
zone grise
(idiomatic) An area intermediate between two mutually exclusive states or categories, where the border between the two is fuzzy or ill-defined.

grey crested tit grey crested tits n
mésange des bouleaux
Lophophanes dichrous, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

grey crowned crane grey crowned cranes n
grue couronnée grise
Balearica regulorum, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

grey heron /ɡɹeɪ ˈhɛɹ.ən/ grey herons n
héron cendré
Ardea cinerea, an Old World wading bird of the heron family.

grey matter n
matière grise
(idiomatic) Brains; a person's ability to think.
(neuroanatomy) A collection of cell bodies and (usually) dendritic connections, in contrast to white matter.

grey wagtail grey wagtails n
bergeronnette des ruisseaux
A small passerine bird in the family Motacillidae (Motacilla cinerea).

grey wolf grey wolves n
loup loup commun
A large canid, Canis lupus, once found throughout forested areas of northern Europe, Asia and America; it shares a common ancestry with the domestic dog.

grey-backed fiscal grey-backed fiscals n
pie-grièche à dos gris
Lanius excubitoroides, a species of bird in the family Laniidae.

grey-haired adj
chenu
Having grey hair.

grey-headed chickadee grey-headed chickadees n
mésange lapone
Poecile cinctus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

grey-headed woodpecker grey-headed woodpeckers n
pic cendré
Picus canus, a Eurasian member of the woodpecker family, greyer than other similar Eurasian woodpeckers.

grey-necked bunting grey-necked buntings n
bruant à cou gris
Emberiza buchanani, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

grey-tailed tattler grey-tailed tattlers n
chevalier de Sibérie
A species of shorebird, Tringa brevipes, of east Asia, Australasia, and Beringia.

greyhound /ˈɡɹeɪhaʊnd/ greyhounds n
lévrier levrette
A lean breed of dog used in hunting and racing.

greylag goose /ˌɡɹeɪlæɡ ˈɡuːs/ greylag geese n
oie cendrée
Anser anser, a goose found across much of the Palearctic.

grid /ɡɹɪd/ grids n
grille
A rectangular array of squares or rectangles of equal size, such as in a crossword puzzle.
(computing) A system or structure of distributed computers working mostly on a peer-to-peer basis, used mainly to solve single and complex scientific or technical problems or to process data at high speeds (as in clusters).
réseau
A system for delivery of electricity, consisting of various substations, transformers and generators, connected by wire.
grille de contrôle
(electronics) The third (or higher) electrode of a vacuum tube (triode or higher).

gridding /ˈɡɹɪdɪŋ/ griddings n
maillage
The adding of a grid of lines to a map etc.

gridlock /ˈɡɹɪdˌlɑk/ /ˈɡɹɪdˌlɒk/ gridlocks n
embouteillage paralysie
A condition of total, interlocking traffic congestion on the streets or highways of a crowded city, in which no one can move because everyone is in someone else's way.
embouteillage
On a smaller scale: the situation in which cars enter a signal-controlled intersection too late during the green light cycle, and are unable to clear the intersection (due to congestion in the next block) when the light turns red, thus blocking the cross traffic when it's their turn to go. Repeated at enough intersections, this phenomenon can lead to citywide gridlock.
impasse interblocage
(figuratively, by extension) any paralysis of a complex system due to severe congestion, conflict, or deadlock.

grief /ɡɹiːf/ griefs grieves n
peine douleur
Emotional pain, generally arising from misfortune, significant personal loss, bereavement, misconduct of oneself or others, etc.; sorrow; sadness. [from early 14th c.]

griefer /ˈɡɹifɚ/ /ˈɡɹiːfə/ griefers n
pourisseur

grievance /ˈɡɹiː.vəns/ grievances n
grief
(countable) A complaint or annoyance.
(countable) A formal complaint, especially in the context of a unionized workplace.

grieve /ɡɹiːv/ v
attrister chagriner avoir du chagrin
(transitive) To feel very sad about; to mourn; to sorrow for.
affliger
(intransitive) To experience grief.

grievous /ɡɹiː.viː.əs/ /ɡɹiː.vəs/ more grievous most grievous adj
grave
Serious, grave, dire, or dangerous.

grievously more grievously most grievously adv
grièvement
In a grievous manner, severely.

griffin /ɡɹɪfɪn/ griffins n
griffon
A mythical beast having the body of a lion and the wings and head of an eagle.

griffon vulture /ˈɡɹɪfən ˈvʌlt͡ʃəɹ/ griffon vultures n
vautour fauve vautour griffon
A large Old World vulture, Gyps fulvus, native to mountainous areas from Iberia to Burma.

grill /ɡɹɪl/ grills grillz n
calandre
On a vehicle, a slotted cover as above, to protect and hide the radiator, while admitting air to cool it.
barbecue gril
(US) A cooking device comprising a source of radiative and convective heat and a means of holding food above it; a barbecue.
grille
A grillroom; a restaurant serving grilled food.

grill /ɡɹɪl/ v
griller
(transitive) To cook (food) on a grill; to barbecue.

grille guard grille guards n
pare-buffle
A metal frame attached to the bumper of a vehicle in order to protect the grille.

grilled /ɡɹɪld/ more grilled most grilled adj
grillé

grim /ɡɹɪm/ grimmer grimmest adj
sinistre sombre
Dismal and gloomy, cold and forbidding.
indéfectible inébranlable rigide sombre
Rigid and unrelenting.
déprimant sinistre sombre triste
Ghastly or sinister.

grimace /ɡɹɪ.ˈmeɪs/ /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/ grimaces n
grimace
A contorted facial expression, often expressing contempt or pain.

grimace /ɡɹɪ.ˈmeɪs/ /ˈɡɹɪm.əs/ v
grimacer faire des grimaces
(intransitive) To make grimaces; to distort one's face; to make faces.

grime /ɡɹaɪm/ n
crasse saleté
Dirt, grease, soot, etc. that is ingrained and difficult to remove.

grimly /ˈɡɹɪmli/ more grimly most grimly adv
sinistrement
In a grim manner.

grimoire /ˈɡɹɪmwɑː/ /ˈɡɹɪmˌwɑːɹ/ grimoires n
grimoire
(occult) A book of instructions in the use of alchemy or magic, especially one containing spells for summoning demons.

grin /ɡɹɪn/ grins n
sourire
A smile in which the lips are parted to reveal the teeth.

grin /ɡɹɪn/ v
sourire
(intransitive) To smile, parting the lips so as to show the teeth.

grin and bear it v
faire bonne mine à mauvais jeu prendre son mal en patience
To endure a difficult or disagreeable situation with good humour.

grin like a Cheshire cat v
sourire jusqu'aux oreilles
(simile) To smile broadly, especially in a self-satisfied way.

grind /ˈɡɹaɪnd/ v
moudre piler
(transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
meuler
(metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.

grind to a halt v
s'immobiliser se bloquer se gripper se paralyser
(intransitive, of an activity) To come to a standstill, or cease to be productive or make progress, due to an obstacle.

grindcore n
grindcore
A genre of death metal music or hardcore punk, incorporating aggressive guitar riffs, extremely rapid drumming and loud, undecipherable screaming.

grinder /ɡɹaɪndə/ /ɡɹaɪndəɹ/ grinders n
molaire
(anatomy) A molar.
aiguisoir meuleuse
(slang) Any tooth.
broyeur moulin
A kitchen gadget for processing coffee, herbs etc. into small or powdered pieces.

grinding /ˈɡɹaɪndɪŋ/ grindings n
broyage
The action of grinding together or crushing into small particles.

grindstone /ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstoʊn/ /ˈɡɹaɪn(d)ˌstəʊn/ /ˈɡɹɪnˌstoʊn/ grindstones n
meule
An abrasive wheel for sharpening, polishing or grinding.

griot /ˈɡɹi.oʊ/ griots n
griot griotte
A West African storyteller who passes on oral traditions; a wandering musician and poet.

grip /ɡɹɪp/ grips n
prise
A hold or way of holding, particularly with the hand.
poignée
A handle or other place to grip.
machiniste
(film production) A person responsible for handling equipment on the set.

grip /ɡɹɪp/ v
saisir agripper
(transitive) To take hold of, particularly with the hand.

gripe /ɡɹaɪp/ v
se plaindre
(obsolete, transitive) To pinch; to distress. Specifically, to cause pinching and spasmodic pain to the bowels of, as by the effects of certain purgative or indigestible substances.

gripe water gripe waters n
calmant
A home remedy to treat babies suffering from colic or teething problems.

gris-gris gris-gris n
grigri
An African, or Afro-American, charm or talisman.

grisly /ˈɡɹɪzli/ grislier grisliest adj
épouvantable
Horrifyingly repellent; gruesome, terrifying.

grisoutine n
grisoutine

grist for the mill n
apporter de l’eau au moulin donner du grain à moudre
(idiomatic) Something that is useful or that creates a favorable opportunity.

gristle /ˈɡɹɪsəl/ gristles n
cartilage
Cartilage; now especially: cartilage present, as a tough substance, in meat.

grit /ɡɹɪt/ n
gravillon
A collection of hard small materials, such as dirt, ground stone, debris from sandblasting or other such grinding, or swarf from metalworking.
cran
Strength of mind; great courage or fearlessness; fortitude.

grit /ɡɹɪt/ v
grincer
Apparently only in grit one's teeth: to clench, particularly in reaction to pain or anger.

grit one's teeth v
serrer les dents
To clench one's teeth together tightly because of pain, anger, frustration, or self-assurance.
(idiom) To face up to a difficult or disagreeable situation and deal with it.

grits /ɡɹɪts/ n
gruau de maïs
(Western Hemisphere) Coarsely ground hominy which is boiled and eaten, primarily in the Southern United States.

gritter gritters n
sableuse saleuse
A vehicle that applies grit to icy roads to improve traction.

gritty /ˈɡɹɪti/ grittier grittiest adj
graveleux
Containing sand or grit; consisting of grit; caused by grit; full of hard particles.
déterminé résolu
Spirited; resolute; unyielding.

grizzly bear grizzly bears n
grizzli
A large North American subspecies, Ursus arctos horribilis, of the brown bear.

groan /ɡɹoʊn/ /ɡɹəʊn/ groans n
gémissement râle râlement
A low, mournful sound uttered in pain or grief.
grognement grondement gémissement
A low, guttural sound uttered in frustration, disapproval, or ecstasy.

groan /ɡɹoʊn/ /ɡɹəʊn/ v
gémir gronder grogner râler
To make a groan.

grocer /ˈɡɹoʊ.səɹ/ /ˈɡɹoʊ.ʃəɹ/ /ˈɡɹəʊ.sə/ grocers n
épicier épicière
A person who retails groceries (foodstuffs and household items) from a grocery.

groceries /ˈɡɹoʊs(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹoʊʃ(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹiz/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹɪz/ n
courses
The commodities sold by a grocer or in a grocery store.

grocery /ˈɡɹoʊs(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹoʊʃ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɡɹəʊs(ə)ɹi/ groceries n
épicerie
A shop or store that sells groceries; a grocery store.

grog /ɡɹɑɡ/ /ɡɹɒɡ/ grogs n
grog
An alcoholic beverage made with hot water or tea, sugar and rum, sometimes also with lemon or lime juice and spices, particularly cinnamon.

groggy /ˈɡɹɑ.ɡi/ /ˈɡɹɒ.ɡi/ groggier groggiest adj
groggy étourdi
Slowed or weakened, as by drink, sleepiness, etc.

grogram /ˈɡɹɑɡɹəm/ /ˈɡɹɒɡɹəm/ grograms n
gourgouran
A strong, rough fabric made up of a mixture of silk, and mohair or wool.

groin /ɡɹɔɪn/ groins n
aine
The crease or depression of the human body at the junction of the trunk and the thigh, together with the surrounding region.

grok /ˈɡɹɑk/ /ˈɡɹɒk/ v
piger capter gnoquer
(transitive, slang) To understand (something) intuitively, to know (something) without having to think intellectually.
capter piger
(transitive, slang) To fully and completely understand something in all of its details and intricacies.

grommet /ˈɡɹɑ.mɪt/ /ˈɡɹɒm.ɪt/ /ˈɡɹʌm.ɪt/ grommets n
manchon passe-câble presse-étoupe œillet renforçé
A reinforced eyelet, or a small metal or plastic ring used to reinforce an eyelet.

gromwell gromwells n
grémil des champs
Lithospermum arvense, a plant of the genus Lithospermum anciently used, because of its stony pericarp, in the cure of kidney stones.

groom /ɡɹuːm/ grooms n
palefrenier
A person who looks after horses.

groom /ɡɹuːm/ v
bichonner préparer
To attend to one's appearance and clothing.
damer
(transitive) To prepare (a ski slope) for skiers by packing down the snow.

groomer /ˈɡɹumɚ/ /ˈɡɹuːmə/ groomers n
pédé
(derogatory, offensive, right-wing usage) An LGBT person or drag queen who exists near children, or any other person who makes children aware of LGBT people or drag, from the perspective of people who consider this to be sexual. (This is a hot sense, kept provisionally)

groove /ɡɹuv/ /ɡɹuːv/ grooves n
rainure sillon
A long, narrow channel or depression; e.g., such a slot cut into a hard material to provide a location for an engineering component, a tyre groove, or a geological channel or depression.
routine
A fixed routine.
groove
(music) A pronounced, enjoyable rhythm.
puits
(mining) A shaft or excavation.

groove /ɡɹuv/ /ɡɹuːv/ v
faire une rainure
(transitive) To cut a groove or channel in; to form into channels or grooves; to furrow.
danser
(intransitive) To perform, dance to, or enjoy rhythmic music.

grope /ɡɹoʊp/ /ɡɹəʊp/ v
tâter tâtonner
(obsolete) To feel with or use the hands; to handle.
To search or attempt to find something in the dark, or, as a blind person, by feeling; to move about hesitatingly, as in darkness or obscurity; to feel one's way, as with the hands, when one can not see.
tripoter peloter
To touch (another person) closely and (especially) sexually.

groschen groschen groschens n
groschen
(numismatics) Any of several obsolete European silver coins.

gross /ɡɹos/ /ɡɹoʊs/ /ɡɹɔs/ /ɡɹəʊs/ grosser grossest more gross most gross adj
brut
(of an amount) Excluding any deductions; including all associated amounts.
dégoûtant dégueulasse
(informal, North America, AU) Causing disgust.
grossier grossière
Lacking refinement in behaviour or manner; offending a standard of morality.
gras grasse gros grosse
(of a person) Heavy in proportion to one's height; having a lot of excess flesh.

gross /ɡɹos/ /ɡɹoʊs/ /ɡɹɔs/ /ɡɹəʊs/ gross grosses n
grosse
Twelve dozen = 144.
brut
The total nominal earnings or amount, before taxes, expenses, exceptions or similar are deducted. That which remains after all deductions is called net.

gross domestic product gross domestic products n
produit intérieur brut PIB
(economics) A measure of the economic production of a particular territory in financial capital terms over a specific time period.

gross income gross incomes n
revenu brut
Income generated before deducting expenses, taxes, insurance, etc.

gross national income gross national incomes n
revenu national brut
(economics) A more recent designation for gross national product, the total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation.

gross national product gross national products n
produit national brut
(economics) The total market value of all the goods and services produced by a nation (citizens of a country, whether living at home or abroad) during a specified period.

gross out v
dégoûter écœurer
(informal, transitive, mostly, North America) To sicken or distress (someone) by being disgusting, gory, or lewd.

gross profit gross profits n
marge brute
(accounting) the difference between net sales and the cost of goods sold

grossly /ˈɡɹoʊsli/ /ˈɡɹəʊsli/ adv
grossièrement
(informal) In a gross (disgusting) manner; without delicacy.

grossular grossulars n
grossulaire
(mineral) A calcium-aluminium mineral of the garnet group.

grotesque /ɡɹoʊˈtɛsk/ /ɡɹəʊˈtɛsk/ grotesquer grotesquest adj
grotesque
Distorted and unnatural in shape or size; abnormal, especially in a hideous way.

grotesquerie /ˌɡɹəʊˈtɛskəɹi/ grotesqueries n
grotesquerie
The quality of being grotesque or macabre.

grotto /ˈɡɹɑ.toʊ/ /ˈɡɹɒt.əʊ/ grottoes grottos n
grotte
A small cave.
An artificial cavern-like retreat.
A local organization of cavers that typically organizes trips to caves and provides information and training for caving; a caving club.

grouch /ɡɹaʊt͡ʃ/ grouches n
grincheux grognon
One who is grumpy or irritable. [from the early 20th c]

grouchy /ˈɡɹaʊt͡ʃi/ grouchier grouchiest adj
grincheux
(originally, student slang) Irritable; easily upset; angry; tending to complain. [From 1895]

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ adj
haché moulu
Crushed, or reduced to small particles.

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ grounds n
sol terre
The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.
terre
Soil, earth.
fond
(countable) The bottom of a body of water.
base fondation
Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork.
terrain terrain de football
(figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse.
(countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground).
terre masse
(electricity, Canadian, and, US) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).

ground /ɡɹaʊnd/ v
clouer au sol
(transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly.
gronder punir
To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.

ground beef ground beefs n
bœuf haché
(North America) Beef that has been finely chopped; minced beef.

ground beetle ground beetles n
carabe
Any of a large cosmopolitan family of beetles, Carabidae.

ground clearance ground clearances n
garde au sol
(automotive) The measured distance between a level surface and the lowest part (other than tires or equivalent) of the bottom of a vehicle surmounting that surface.

ground cover ground covers n
couvre-sol
Something, particularly plants, which overlays an area of land. May refer to plants specifically grown to prevent erosion of an area.

ground elder ground elders n
égopode podagraire podagraire
A perennial plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Eurasia; Aegopodium podagraria.

ground floor ground floors n
rez-de-chaussée
The floor of a building closest to ground level.

ground forces n
armée de terre troupes au sol
(military) The military units operating on the ground, including tanks, soldiers, artillery, etc.

ground ivy ground ivies n
lierre terrestre
Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae.

ground loop ground loops n
cheval de bois

ground offensive ground offensives n
offensive terrestre
(military) A military action launched by land, using ground troops.

ground rent ground rents n
rente superficiaire
(legal, real estate) Rent paid under a ground lease, usually long-term or in perpetuity, for a surface right or estate in land where the landowner (surface owner) and the owner of improvements (ground lessor) are separate; the improvements are effectively security for the payment of the rent.

ground truth ground truths n
vérité terrain
Information acquired by direct observation rather than by inference.

ground wire ground wires n
prise de terre

ground zero /-ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˌɡɹaʊnd ˈzɪəɹəʊ/ /ˌɡɹaʊnd ˈzɪɚ(ˌ)oʊ/ ground zeroes n
point zéro
Originally, the point on the land or water surface below which a nuclear bomb detonates in the air; now also the point on such a surface at or above the detonation.

ground-ivy ground-ivies n
lierre terrestre
Glechoma hederacea, an aromatic, perennial, evergreen creeper of the mint family Lamiaceae

groundbreaking /ˈɡɹaʊndbɹeɪkɪŋ/ more groundbreaking most groundbreaking adj
révolutionnaire
Innovative; new, different; doing something that has never been done before.

grounded /-dəd/ /ˈɡɹaʊn.dɪd/ more grounded most grounded adj
interdit de vol
(aviation, of an airman or aircraft) Not allowed to fly.
puni
(electricity, North America) Of or pertaining to an electrical conductor which is connected to earth; earthed.

groundedness n
ancrage
The quality of being grounded.

groundless more groundless most groundless adj
infondé
Without any grounds to support it; baseless.

groundpecker groundpeckers n
mésange de Hume
A species of bird in the tit family Paridae, Pseudopodoces humilis.

grounds /ɡɹaʊndz/ n
raison motif
(legal) Basis or justification for something.
marc
The sediment at the bottom of a liquid, or from which a liquid has been filtered.

groundsel /ˈɡɹaʊn.səl/ /ˈɡɹaʊnd.səl/ groundsels n
séneçon
Any of several widely-distributed plants, of the genus Senecio, having yellow, daisylike flowers.

groundswell groundswells n
lame de fond
(nautical, surfing) A broad undulation of the open ocean, often as the result of a distant disturbance.

groundwater groundwaters n
eau souterraine
Water that exists beneath the earth's surface in underground streams and aquifers.

groundwork groundworks n
fondement fondation
The foundation; the basic or fundamental parts that support or allow for the rest.

group /ɡɹuːp/ groups n
groupe
A number of things or persons being in some relation to one another.
A (usually small) group of people who perform music together.
(sports) A set of teams playing each other in the same division, while not during the same period playing any teams that belong to other sets in the division.

group /ɡɹuːp/ v
grouper
(transitive) To put together to form a group.

group action group actions n
action de groupe
(group theory) A mapping of a mathematical group to the permutations of an object that is compatible with the group operation.

group buying n
achat groupé
(business) The practice of purchasing products and services at reduced prices on the condition that a minimum number of buyers would make the purchase.

group of death groups of death n
groupe de la mort
(sports, _, slang) A group in a multi-stage tournament which is unusually competitive, because the number of strong competitors in the group is greater than the number of qualifying places available for the next phase of the tournament.

group sex n
partouze sexe en groupe
The practice of having sex with multiple partners at the same time.

group theory group theories n
théorie des groupes
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see group,‎ theory; a theory about (particular kinds of) groups.

group therapy /ˌɡɹupˈθɛɹəpi/ group therapies n
thérapie de groupe
A form of psychotherapy where patients are treated as a group, using group dynamics.

grouper /ˈɡɹuːpə(ɹ)/ grouper groupers n
mérou
Any of various large food and game fishes of the subfamily Epinephelinae, especially the genera Epinephelus and Mycteroperca, which inhabit warm seas.

groupie /ˈɡɹuːpi/ groupies n
groupie
A fan, especially a young female fan of a male singer or rock group; a person who seeks intimacy (most often physical, sometimes emotional) with a celebrity, usually a rock 'n' roll artist or band member.

grouping /ˈɡɹuːpɪŋ/ groupings n
groupement
(countable) A collection of things or people united as a group.

groupoid groupoids n
groupoïde
(algebra) A magma: a set with a total binary operation.

groupthink /ˈɡɹuːpθɪŋk/ groupthinks n
pensée de groupe
A process of reasoning or decision-making by a group, especially one characterized by uncritical acceptance of or conformity to a perceived majority view.

groupuscule /ˈɡɹuːpəˌskjuːl/ groupuscules n
groupuscule
A small political group, especially of an extremist faction.

groupwork n
travail en groupe
(education, therapy) Work done in groups.

grouse /ɡræus/ /ɡræɔs/ /ɡɹaʊs/ grouse grouses n
coq de bruyère
(countable) Any of various game birds of the subfamily Tetraoninae which inhabit temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere; specifically, the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scotica) native to heather moorland on the British Isles. [from 1530s]

grout /ɡɹaʊt/ /ɡɹʌut/ grouts n
coulis jointement
A thin mortar used to fill the gaps between tiles and cavities in masonry.

grout /ɡɹaʊt/ /ɡɹʌut/ v
jointoyer
To insert mortar between tiles.

grove /ɡɹoʊv/ /ɡɹəʊv/ groves n
bosquet bois
A small forest.

grovel v
s'abaisser
(intransitive) To abase oneself before another person.
larbiner
(intransitive) To be slavishly nice to someone or apologize in the hope of securing something.

grow /ɡɹoʊ/ /ɡɹəʊ/ [ˈɡ̊ɹʷəʊ̯] [ˈɡ̊ɻʷoʊ̯] v
pousser croître
(intransitive) To appear or sprout.
grandir croître accroître faire croître
(transitive) To cause or allow something to become bigger, especially to cultivate plants.

grow some balls v
prendre ses couilles en main

grow up v
grandir
(intransitive) To mature and become an adult.
(intransitive, idiomatic) To stop acting as or like a child (often used as an imperative interjection).

grower /ˈɡɹoʊɚ/ growers n
maraîcher
A farmer; one who grows things.

growing pains n
fièvre de croissance
maladies de jeunesse
(by extension) difficulties that arise in the early stages of any project

growl /ɡɹaʊl/ growls n
feulement grognement
A deep, rumbling, threatening sound made in the throat by an animal.
borborygme gargouillement
(by extension) The rumbling sound made by a human's hungry stomach.
grincement
(jazz, by extension) A low-pitched rumbling sound produced with a wind instrument.

growl /ɡɹaʊl/ v
grogner gronder bougonner feuler grommeler ronchonner
(intransitive) To utter a deep guttural sound, as an angry animal; to give forth an angry, grumbling sound.
grogner
(transitive) To express (something) by growling.

grown-up more grown-up most grown-up adj
adulte grand
Adult, physically mature.

growth /ɡɹoʊθ/ /ɡɹəʊθ/ growths n
croissance
An increase in size, number, value, or strength.
(biology) The act of growing, getting bigger or higher.
(biology) Something that grows or has grown.
(pathology) An abnormal mass such as a tumor.

growth hormone growth hormones n
hormone de croissance somatotropine
(often, in context) The human homologue specifically: human growth hormone.

growth spurt growth spurts n
poussée de croissance
A sudden growth in one's body, especially during adolescence.

groyne /ɡɹɔɪn/ groynes n
épi
An often wooden structure that projects from a coastline to prevent erosion, longshore drift etc.; a breakwater.

grub /ɡɹʌb/ grubs n
boue
larve
(countable) An insect at an immature stage of its life cycle.
bouffe
(uncountable, slang) Food.

grubby /ɡɹʌbi/ grubbier grubbiest adj
crasseux
Dirty, unwashed, unclean.
véreux
Having grubs in it.

grudge /ɡɹʌd͡ʒ/ grudges n
rancune
(countable) Deep-seated and/or long-term animosity or ill will about something or someone, especially due to perceived mistreatment.

gruel /ɡɹuː(ə)l/ gruels n
gruau
A thin, watery porridge, formerly eaten primarily by the poor and the ill.

gruelling /ˈɡɹu.lɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹu.əl.ɪŋ/ /ˈɡɹʊə.lɪŋ/ more gruelling most gruelling adj
éreintant
So difficult or taxing as to make one exhausted; backbreaking.

gruesome /ˈɡɹuːsʌm/ gruesomer gruesomest more gruesome most gruesome adj
horrible
Repellently frightful and shocking; horrific or ghastly.

gruff /ɡɹʌf/ gruffer gruffest adj
bourru
having a rough, surly, and harsh demeanor and nature.
rauque
hoarse-voiced.

grumble /ˈɡɹʌmbl̩/ grumbles n
grondement
(onomatopoeia) A low thundering, rumbling or growling sound.
gargouillement grondement
The sound made by a hungry stomach.
grognement
A surly complaint.

grumble /ˈɡɹʌmbl̩/ v
gargouiller gronder
(intransitive) To make a low, growling or rumbling noise, like a hungry stomach or certain animals.
bougonner grogner grommeler maugréer ronchonner rouspéter
(intransitive) To complain; to murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner.

grump /ɡɹʌmp/ v
ronchonner
(informal, intransitive) To complain.

grumpy /ˈɡɹʌmpi/ grumpier grumpiest adj
grognon
Dissatisfied and irritable.

grunge /ɡɹʌnd͡ʒ/ n
grunge
(music genre) A subgenre of alternative rock, originating from Seattle, Washington, which melds punk and metal.

grunt /ɡɹʌnt/ grunts n
grognement
A short snorting sound, often to show disapproval, or used as a reply when one is reluctant to speak.
bidasse troufion
(US, military slang) An infantry soldier.

grunt /ɡɹʌnt/ v
grogner
(intransitive, of a pig) To make a grunt or grunts.

gryllos grylloi n
grylle

guacamole /wa.kaˈmo.le/ /ɡwa.kaˈmo.le/ /ˌɡwɑ.kəˈmol.i/ /ˌɡwɑ.kəˈmoʊ.leɪ/ guacamoles n
guacamole
An avocado-based greenish dip with onions, tomato, and spices, common to Mexican cuisine and often served with tortilla chips.

guaiabero guaiaberos n
guaiabero
A species of parrot (Bolbopsittacus lunulatus) endemic to the Philippines.

guaiacum /ˈɡwaɪəkəm/ guaiacums n
gaïac
The wood of such trees

guanaco /ɡwəˈnɑːkəʊ/ guanacoes guanacos n
guanaco
A South American ruminant (Lama guanicoe), closely related to the other lamoids, the alpaca, llama, and vicuña in the family Camelidae.

guanine /ˈɡwɑː.niːn/ guanines n
guanine
(chemistry) A substance first obtained from guano; it is a nucleic base and pairs with cytosine in DNA and RNA (by means of three hydrogen bonds).

guano /ˈɡwɑːnəʊ/ guanoes guanos n
guano
Dung from a sea bird or from a bat.

guar gum guar gums n
gomme de guar
(chemistry) A heteropolysaccharide gum, extracted from the guar bean, that is used as a food additive.

guarana /ɡwəˈɹɑːnə/ guaranas n
guarana
The fruit from this tree.

guarantee /ˌɡæɹənˈtiː/ /ˌɡɛəɹənˈtiː/ guarantees n
garantie
Anything that assures a certain outcome.
More specifically, a written declaration that a certain product will be fit for a purpose and work correctly; a warranty
garant
(colloquial) A person who gives such a guarantee; a guarantor.

guarantee /ˌɡæɹənˈtiː/ /ˌɡɛəɹənˈtiː/ v
garantir
To give an assurance that something will be done right.

guard /ɡɑɹd/ /ɡɑːd/ guards n
garde
A person who, or thing that, protects or watches over something.
The part of a sword that protects the wielder's hand.
garde protection
A part of a machine which blocks access to dangerous parts.
arrière défense gardien
(sports) A player playing a position named guard.

guard /ɡɑɹd/ /ɡɑːd/ v
garder
(transitive) To protect from danger; to secure against surprise, attack, or injury; to keep in safety; to defend.

guard dog guard dogs n
chien de garde chienne de garde mâtin
A dog used to protect a property or its owner.

guard of honour guards of honour n
haie d'honneur
A group of people (especially military), arranged in one or more rows, at a ceremony to honour, or a visit by, an important person

guard stone guard stones n
bouteroue chasse-rondelle chasse-roue
A projecting metal, concrete, or stone exterior architectural element located at the corner and/or foot of gates, portes-cochères, garage entries, and walls to prevent damage from vehicle tires and wheels.

guarded /ˈɡɑɹdɪd/ /ˈɡɑːdɪd/ more guarded most guarded adj
circonspect
Cautious; restrained.

guardian /ˈɡɑɹ.di.ən/ /ˈɡɑɹ.din/ /ˈɡɑː.dɪ.ən/ guardians n
gardien
Someone who guards, watches over, or protects.
tuteur tutrice
(legal) A person legally responsible for a minor (in loco parentis).
curateur curatrice tuteur tutrice
(legal) A person legally responsible for an incompetent person.
boss
(video games) A major or final enemy; boss.

guardian angel guardian angels n
ange gardien
(religion) A tutelary angel watching over a particular person in monotheistic contexts.
(figuratively) A person who benevolently watches over another.

guardianship guardianships n
tutelle
The office or position of one acting as a guardian or conservator, especially in a legal capacity.

guardrail guardrails n
garde-corps garde-fou glissière de sécurité
A rail set alongside a dangerous place as a barrier, to improve safety.

guava /ˈɡwɑːvə/ guavas n
goyavier goyave
A tropical tree or shrub of the myrtle family, Psidium guajava.
goyave
Its yellowish tropical fruit, 1¼ to 2 inches, globular or pear-shaped with thin, yellow, green or brown skin, is often made into jams and jellies. The meat can be yellowish to pale green or pink in color, depending on the variety.

guberniya guberniyas n
goubernia gouvernement gouvernorat
(historical) A major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire; a governorate or province.

gudgeon /ˈɡʌdʒən/ /ˈɡʌd͡ʒən/ /ˈɡʌjən/ gudgeons n
goujon
A small freshwater fish, Gobio gobio, that is native to Eurasia.

guelder rose /ˈɡɛldə(ɹ) ˌɹəʊz/ guelder roses n
obier
A deciduous shrub (Viburnum opulus), having small white flowers.

guenon /ɡəˈnoʊn/ /ˈɡwɛn.ən/ guenons n
guenon
An Old World monkey of the genus Cercopithecus.

guerrilla /ɡəˈɹɪlə/ guerrillas n
partisan partisane guérillera guérillero
A soldier in a small independent group, fighting against the government or regular forces by surprise raids.
guérilla
(now, _, rare) A non-official war carried out by small independent groups; a guerrilla war.

guerrilla warfare n
guérilla
Combat using groups of irregular, light, mobile troops within areas occupied by an enemy force, usually through hit-and-run tactics.

guess /ɡɛs/ guesses n
conjecture
A prediction about the outcome of something, typically made without factual evidence or support.

guess /ɡɛs/ v
deviner
To reach a partly (or totally) unconfirmed conclusion; to engage in conjecture; to speculate.
déduire deviner
To solve by a correct conjecture; to conjecture rightly.
supposer imaginer
(chiefly, US) to suppose, to imagine (introducing a proposition of uncertain plausibility).

guess what phraseologicalUnit
devine quoi donner en mille
(idiomatic) Used to dramatize the introduction of an unsurprising outcome.

guesstimate /ˈɡɛs.tə.mət/ /ˈɡɛs.təˌmeɪt/ [ˈɡɛs.tɪ̈.mɪ̈ʔ(t̚)] [ˈɡɛs.tɪ̈ˌmeɪ̯ʔ(t̚)] guesstimates n
au doigt mouillé au pif à vue de nez
(informal) An estimate that is hardly any better than a guess, often because it is based on insufficient or unreliable data.

guesswork guessworks n
extrapolation
An estimate, judgment or opinion made by guessing, from limited information.

guest /ɡɛst/ guests n
hôte invité invitée
A recipient of hospitality, especially someone staying by invitation at the house of another.
client hôte
A patron or customer in a hotel etc.

guest book guest books n
livre d’or
a type of ledger in which visitors to a particular establishment, such as a bed and breakfast or a museum, may leave comments about the establishment.
livre d'or
(Internet) a feature of a website performing a similar function to a physical guest book

guest room guest rooms n
chambre d'ami
A room in a home or hotel set aside for the use of visiting guests.

guest worker guest workers n
travailleur invité travailleur immigré travailleur étranger travailleuse immigrée travailleuse invitée travailleuse étrangère
A person with temporary permission to work in another country.

guesthouse /ˈɡɛsthaʊs/ guesthouses n
maison d'hôte pension
A small house near a main house, for lodging visitors.

guff /ɡʌf/ guffs n
foutaises
(informal, uncountable) Nonsensical talk or thinking.

guffaw /ɡəˈfoː/ /ɡəˈfɔ/ /ɡəˈfɔː/ guffaws n
esclaffer gros éclat de rire
A boisterous laugh.

guffaw /ɡəˈfoː/ /ɡəˈfɔ/ /ɡəˈfɔː/ v
s’esclaffer
(intransitive) To laugh boisterously.

guidance /ˈɡaɪdəns/ guidances n
guidage
The act or process of guiding.
conseils
Advice or counselling on some topic.
direction
Any process or system to control the path of a vehicle, missile etc.

guide /ɡaɪd/ guides n
guide
Someone who guides, especially someone hired to show people around a place or an institution and offer information and explanation, or to lead them through dangerous terrain.
A document or book that offers information or instruction; guidebook.

guide /ɡaɪd/ v
guider
to serve as a guide for someone or something; to lead or direct in a way; to conduct in a course or path.

guide book guide books n
guide touristique
A book that provides guidance, but especially one designed for travellers which provides local tourist information about a particular country or area.

guide dog guide dogs n
chien guide d'aveugle chien d'aveugle
A dog that is trained to be of assistance to a blind person and is able to guide him or her.

guided tour guided tours n
visite guidée

guideline guidelines n
directive ligne directrice grande ligne principe directeur
A non-specific rule or principle that provides direction to action or behaviour.

guidon /ˈɡaɪdn̩/ /ˈɡaɪdɑn/ /ˈɡaɪdɒn/ guidons n
guidon
A small pennant or banner carried by infantry soldiers to direct troop movement.
A soldier assigned to carry such a banner.

guild /ɡɪld/ guilds n
guilde corporation
A group or association mainly of tradespeople made up of merchants, craftspeople, or artisans for mutual aid, particularly in the Middle Ages.

guilder /ˈɡɪldə/ /ˈɡɪldɚ/ guilders n
florin
The current currency unit in the islands in the former Netherlands Antilles, divided into 100 cents.

guile /ɡaɪl/ guiles n
fourberie ruse
(uncountable) Astuteness often marked by a certain sense of cunning or artful deception.

guile /ɡaɪl/ v
entourlouper tromper
To deceive, beguile, bewile.

guileless /ˈɡaɪl.ləs/ [ˈɡaɪɫ.ləs] more guileless most guileless adj
candide
Free from guile; honest but naive.

guillemet /ˈɡɪl.əˌmɛt/ /ˌɡi.(j)əˈmeɪ/ /ˌɡiˈmeɪ/ guillemets n
guillemet
Either of the punctuation marks « or », used in several languages to indicate passages of speech. Similar to typical quotation marks used in the English language, such as " (and formerly also “ and ”).

guilloche /ɡɪˈlɒʃ/ guilloches n
guilloche
A fine engraved pattern of spirals, intertwining bands, etc.

guillotine /ˈɡi(j)əˌtin/ /ˈɡɪlətiːn/ /ˈɡɪləˌtin/ /ˌɡiːjəˈtiːn/ /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/ guillotines n
guillotine
(historical, also, figuratively) A machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation, consisting of a tall upright frame from which is suspended a heavy diagonal-edged blade which is dropped onto the neck of the person to be executed; also, execution using this machine.
massicot guillotine
A device used for cutting the pages of books, stacks of paper, etc., to straight edges, usually by means of a hinged or sliding blade attached to a flat platform.

guillotine /ˈɡi(j)əˌtin/ /ˈɡɪlətiːn/ /ˈɡɪləˌtin/ /ˌɡiːjəˈtiːn/ /ˌɡɪləˈtiːn/ v
guillotiner
(also, figuratively) To execute (someone) with a guillotine.
To cut or trim (a body part, a stack of paper, etc.) with a guillotine.

guillotining guillotinings n
guillotinisation
an execution by guillotine.

guilt /ɡɪlt/ guilts n
remords
culpabilité
Responsibility for wrongdoing.
(law) The state of having been found guilty or admitted guilt in legal proceedings.
sentiment de culpabilité
The regret of having done wrong.

guilt-ridden adj
qui se sent coupable rongé par la culpabilité
Having a strong sense of guilt.

guilty /ˈɡɪl.ti/ guiltier guiltiest more guilty most guilty adj
coupable
Responsible for a dishonest act.
(legal) Judged to have committed a crime.

guilty pleasure guilty pleasures n
péché mignon
(idiomatic) Something that brings pleasure but is considered taboo, unadvisable or lowbrow.

guinea /ˈɡɪni/ guineas n
guinée
(British, historical) A gold coin originally worth twenty shillings; later (from 1717 until the adoption of decimal currency) standardised at a value of twenty-one shillings.

guinea fowl /ˈɡɪni ˌfaʊl/ guinea fowl guinea fowls n
pintade
Any of several African birds of the family Numididae (6 species) resembling partridges.

guinea hen weed n
euilles ave herbe aux poules petevere a odeur ail
A perennial shrub, Petiveria alliacea, growing in tropical areas of Africa, South and Central America and the Caribbean, used to treat a large variety of medical conditions.

guinea pig /ˈɡɪni pɪɡ/ guinea pigs n
cobaye cochon d'Inde
A rodent of any of several species within the family Caviidae.
cobaye
(figuratively) A living experimental subject.

guise /ˈɡaɪz/ guises n
apparence
Customary way of speaking or acting; fashion, manner, practice (often used formerly in such phrases as "at his own guise"; that is, in his own fashion, to suit himself.)
apparence aspect
External appearance in manner or dress; appropriate indication or expression; garb; shape.
prétexte couvert
Misleading appearance; cover, cloak.

guitar /ɡɪˈtɑɹ/ /ɡɪˈtɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈɡɪ.tɑɹ/ guitars n
guitare
(musical instrument) A stringed musical instrument, of European origin, usually with a fretted fingerboard and six strings, played with the fingers or a plectrum (guitar pick).

guitarist guitarists n
guitariste
Someone who plays a guitar.

gulag /-læɡ/ /-ˌlæɡ/ /ɡuːˈlɑk/ /ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/ /ˈɡuːlɑɡ/ gulags n
goulag
(historical) Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s).

gulag /-læɡ/ /-ˌlæɡ/ /ɡuːˈlɑk/ /ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/ /ˈɡuːlɑɡ/ v
goulaguer
(transitive, informal, also, figuratively) To compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile.

gulch /ɡʌlt͡ʃ/ gulches n
ravin
A ravine-like or deep V-shaped valley, often eroded by flash floods; shallower than a canyon and deeper than a gully.

gules /ˈɡjulz/ /ˈɡjuːlz/ /ˈɡulz/ adj
gueules
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour red.

gules /ˈɡjulz/ /ˈɡjuːlz/ /ˈɡulz/ n
gueules
(tincture) Red, e.g. on a coat of arms, typically represented in engraving by vertical parallel lines.

gulf /ɡɒlf/ /ɡʌlf/ gulfs n
golfe
(geography) A portion of an ocean or sea extending into the land; a partially landlocked sea

gull /ˈɡʌl/ gulls n
mouette goéland mauve
A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.

gull-billed tern gull-billed terns n
Sterne hansel
A medium-sized tern, Gelochelidon nilotica, family Laridae, with a thick stout black bill, found in marshy and coastal habitats throughout the temperate and tropic zones worldwide.

gullet /ˈɡʌl.ət/ /ˈɡʌl.ɪt/ gullets n
œsophage gosier
The throat or esophagus.

gullibility /ˈɡʌləbɪləti/ /ˈɡʌlɪbɪlɪti/ gullibilities n
crédulité
The quality of readily believing information, truthful or otherwise, usually to an absurd extent.

gullible /ˈɡʌlɪbl̩/ more gullible most gullible adj
crédule naïf
Easily deceived or duped; naive, easily cheated or fooled.

gulp /ɡʌlp/ gulps n
gorgée trait
The usual amount swallowed.

gum /ɡʌm/ gums n
gencive
(often, in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.
gomme
(mostly, uncountable) Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants.
(mostly, uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants.
chewing-gum
(countable) A single piece of chewing gum.

gum arabic gums arabic n
gomme arabique
An edible substance taken from one of two species of sub-Saharan acacia trees, Senegalia senegal and Vachellia seyal, used in the food industry as a stabilizer (e.g. in soda, gumdrops and marshmallows) and other purposes including pharmaceuticals, paints and polishes.

gumbo /ˈɡʌm.boʊ/ gumbos n
gombo
(countable) A soup or stew popular in Louisiana, consisting of a strong stock, meat or shellfish, a thickener (often okra), and the "Holy Trinity" of celery, bell peppers, and onions.

gummy bear gummy bears n
ours d'or
A confectionery made of gelatin in the miniature shape of a toy bear

gun /ɡʌn/ guns n
arme à feu
canon
(military) A cannon with relatively long barrel, operating with relatively low angle of fire, and having a high muzzle velocity.
fusil
A less portable, long firearm that fires bullets or projectiles; a rifle, either manual, automatic or semi-automatic; a flintlock, musket or shotgun.
(surfing) A long surfboard designed for surfing big waves (not the same as a longboard, a gun has a pointed nose and is generally a little narrower).
pistolet
A very portable, short firearm, for hand use, which fires bullets or projectiles, such as a handgun, revolver, pistol, or Derringer.

gun carriage gun carriages n
affût
A metal or wooden frame on which a piece of ordnance is mounted for firing or transportation.

gun control n
contrôle des armes à feu
Laws or policies that restrict the possession, production, or use of firearms by private citizens.

gun dog gun dogs n
chien de chasse
A breed of dog used by hunters to find, flush out and retrieve birds and other game.

gunboat gunboats n
canonnière
(nautical) Any of the various types of small armed vessels.

gunboat diplomacy gunboat diplomacies n
diplomatie de la canonnière politique de la canonnière
(idiomatic) The pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of military power.

gunfire /ˈɡʌnfʌɪə/ gunfires n
fusillade
Shots from a gun or guns, typically creating loud report.

gunk /ɡʌŋk/ gunks n
saleté
(uncountable, informal) Dirt or grime; any vague, messy, or unknown substance.

gunner /ˈɡʌn.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɡʌn.ɚ/ gunners n
artilleur
(military rank) An artillery soldier, especially one who holds private rank.

gunny /ˈɡʌni/ gunnies n
gony
(uncountable) A coarse heavy fabric made of jute or hemp.

gunport gunports n
sabord
A hatch in the hull of a ship through which a cannon is fired.

gunpowder /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdə/ /ˈɡʌnˌpaʊdɚ/ gunpowders n
poudre à canon poudre
An explosive mixture of saltpetre (potassium nitrate), charcoal and sulphur; formerly used in gunnery but now mostly used in fireworks.

gunship /ˈɡʌnʃɪp/ gunships n
canonnière navire de guerre
(nautical) A ship equipped with heavy artillery.
canonnière hélicoptère de combat navire de guerre
(aviation) An armed helicopter tasked to attack the enemy.

gunshot gunshots n
coup de feu
(countable) The act of discharging a firearm.

gunsight gunsights n
viseur
An optical instrument which establishes an optical line or axis for the purpose of aiming a weapon.

gunslinger gunslingers n
as de la gâchette
(historical) A person in the Old West who carried a gun and was an expert at quickly drawing it and firing.

gunsmith gunsmiths n
armurier
a person skilled in the repair and servicing of firearms.

gunwale /ˈɡʌnəl/ gunwales n
plat-bord
The top edge of the hull of a nautical vessel, where it meets the deck.

guppy /ˈɡʌpi/ guppies n
guppy
A tiny freshwater fish, Poecilia reticulata, popular in home aquariums, that usually has a plain body and black or dark blue tail for the females and a more colorful tail for the males.

guqin /ɡuːˈt͡ʃiːn/ guqin guqins n
guqin
A plucked zither-like stringed instrument (chordophone), traditionally featuring seven unfretted strings, originating in ancient China.

gurgle /ˈɡɜː.ɡl̩/ /ˈɡɝ.ɡl̩/ gurgles n
gargouillis
A gurgling sound.

gurgle /ˈɡɜː.ɡl̩/ /ˈɡɝ.ɡl̩/ v
gargouiller
To make such a sound.

gurnard /ˈɡɚnɚd/ /ˈɡɜːnəd/ /ˈɡɵːnɘd/ gurnard gurnards n
grondin
(loosely) Other fish with appearance like that of members of family Triglidae, such as certain of those in families Dactylopteridae, Peristediidae, and Scorpaenidae.

gurney gurneys n
brancard civière
(US) A stretcher having wheeled legs.

guru /ɡəˈɹu/ /ɡʊˈɹuː/ /ˈɡu(ˌ)ɹu/ /ˈɡuːɹuː/ /ˈɡʊɹ(ˌ)u/ /ˈɡʊɹuː/ gurus n
gourou guru
In Indian traditions: a spiritual teacher who transmits knowledge to a shishya. [from 17th c.]
(sometimes, humorous) An influential advisor or mentor. [from 20th c.]

gush /ˈɡʌʃ/ gushes n
jaillissement
A sudden rapid outflow.

gush /ˈɡʌʃ/ v
jaillir
(intransitive, also, figurative) To flow forth suddenly, in great volume.

gusle /ˈɡʊslə/ gusles n
gusle guzla
(musical instrument) A single-stringed lute-like stringed instrument with a bowl-shaped body, held vertically in the lap and played a bow, originating among the Slavic peoples in the Balkans, especially in the Dinarides region.

gusli guslis n
gousli
(musical instrument) A plucked psaltery-like string instrument, usually played on the lap and sometimes created with table legs so that the musician can play it seated next to the instrument, originating in ancient Russian music.

gusset /ˈɡasət/ /ˈɡʌsɪt/ gussets n
gousset
A small piece of cloth inserted in a garment, for the purpose of strengthening some part or giving it a tapering enlargement cf. godet.
(machinery) A kind of bracket, or angular piece of iron, fastened in the angles of a structure to give strength or stiffness; especially, the part joining the barrel and the fire box of a locomotive boiler.

gussy up v
fagoter
(informal, intransitive) To don fancy clothing; to dress up particularly in flattering or specially altered garments.

gust /ɡʌst/ gusts n
rafale bourrasque coup de vent souffle
A strong, abrupt rush of wind.

gustatory /ˈɡʌstətəɹi/ /ˈɡʌstətɹi/ /ˈɡʌstəˌtɔɹi/ more gustatory most gustatory adj
gustatif
Of, or relating to, the sense of taste.

gusto /ˈɡʌstoʊ/ /ˈɡʌstəʊ/ n
enthousiasme
Enthusiasm; enjoyment, vigor.

gusty /ˈɡʌs.ti/ gustier gustiest adj
rafaleux
Of wind: blowing in gusts; blustery; tempestuous.

gut /ɡʊt/ /ɡʌt/ more gut most gut adj
en boyau
Made of gut.
viscéral
Instinctive.

gut /ɡʊt/ /ɡʌt/ guts n
panse bedaine bide
(informal) The abdomen of a person, especially one that is enlarged.
boyaux cordes de boyau
(uncountable) The intestines of an animal used to make strings of a tennis racket or violin, etc.

gut /ɡʊt/ /ɡʌt/ v
vider éviscérer
(transitive) To eviscerate.

gut feeling gut feelings n
intuition pressentiment réaction viscérale
(idiomatic) An instinct or intuition; an immediate or basic feeling or reaction without a logical rationale.

gutbucket gutbuckets n
contrebassine
Synonym of washtub bass

guts /ɡʌts/ n
entrailles tripes
The entrails or contents of the abdomen.
cran guts tripes
(by extension, informal) Courage; determination.

gutta /ˈɡʌtə/ guttae guttas n
goutte
(architectural element) A small water-repelling, cone-shaped projection used in the architrave of the Doric order in classical architecture.

guttation guttations n
guttation
(botany) The exudation of drops of water from the leaves of some vascular plants as a result of root pressure.

gutted /ˈɡʌtɪd/ more gutted most gutted adj
dégouté écoeuré
(slang) Deeply disappointed or crushed, as by defeat, failure, or loss; let down.

gutter /ˈɡʌt.ə/ /ˈɡʌt.ɚ/ /ˈɡʌt̬.ɚ/ gutters n
caniveau
A ditch along the side of a road.
gouttière chéneau
A duct or channel beneath the eaves of a building to carry rain water; eavestrough.
dalot
(bowling) A groove down the sides of a bowling lane.

gutter oil n
huile d'égoût huile de caniveau huile de gouttière
(Asia) Illicit cooking oil that has been recycled from waste oil collected from restaurant fryers, slaughterhouses, sewage, etc.

gutter rabbit gutter rabbits n
lapin de gouttière

guttural /ˈɡʌtəɹəl/ [ˈɡʌɾɚɫ̩] more guttural most guttural adj
guttural
Sounding harsh and throaty.

guv guvs n
chef patron
(British, chiefly, London, informal) A form of address to a man, usually a stranger or a superior.

guy /ɡaɪ/ guys n
hauban
(primarily, nautical) A support rope or cable used to aid in hoisting or lowering.
mec gars
(colloquial) A man or boy, fellow.
(informal, term of address) Buster, Mack, fella, bud, man.
gars
(especially, in the plural) A person (see usage notes).

guzzle /ˈɡʌzəl/ v
bouffer engloutir siffler du vin
To drink or eat quickly, voraciously, or to excess; to gulp down; to swallow greedily, continually, or with gusto.
bouffer
(by extension) To consume anything quickly, greedily, or to excess, as if with insatiable thirst.

gybe /d͡ʒaɪb/ gybes n
empannage
A manoeuvre in which the stern of a sailing vessel crosses the wind, typically resulting in the forceful and sudden sweep of the boom from one side of the vessel to the other.
A sudden shift of a sail's angle, or a sudden change in the direction that a vessel is sailing in.

gybe /d͡ʒaɪb/ v
empanner virer lof pour lof
(intransitive, nautical) Generally of a small sailing vessel: to change tack with the wind crossing behind the vessel.

gym /d͡ʒɪm/ gyms n
gymnase salle de sport gym salle salle de gymnastique salle de muscu
(weightlifting) A sports facility specialized for lifting weights and exercise.

gymnasium /d͡ʒɪmˈneɪ.zi.əm/ gymnasia gymnasiums n
gymnase salle de sport salle de gymnastique
(formal) A large room or building for indoor sports.
lycée gymnase
A type of secondary school in some European countries which typically prepares students for university.

gymnast /ˈdʒɪm.næst/ /ˈd͡ʒɪm.næst/ /ˈd͡ʒɪm.nəst/ gymnasts n
gymnaste
One who performs (the sport of) gymnastics.

gymnastic /d͡ʒɪmˈnæstɪk/ adj
gymnastique
Of or pertaining to gymnastics.

gymnastics /d͡ʒɪmˈnæs.tɪks/ n
gymnastique
A sport involving the performance of sequences of movements requiring physical strength, flexibility, and kinesthetic awareness.
Complex intellectual or artistic exercises or feats of physical agility.

gymnophobia n
gymnophobie

gymnosophy n
gymnosophie

gynaeceum gynaecea gynaeceums n
gynécée
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome) The women's quarters in a household; (hence, loosely) any building or area for women.

gynaecologist /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɑː.lə.dʒɪst/ /ˌɡaɪ.nəˈkɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ gynaecologists n
gynécologue
(Australia, British spelling, Commonwealth, dated in US) (Canadian spelling, also common) A physician who specialises in diseases of the female reproductive system.

gynecocracy gynecocracies n
gynécocratie gynocratie
(government, sociology) Government or rule by women, or a society with such leadership.

gynecological more gynecological most gynecological adj
gynécologique
(American spelling) Of or pertaining to gynecology.

gynecology /ˌdʒaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnəˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɡaɪnɪˈkɒlədʒi/ gynecologies n
gynécologie
The study of, or the branch of medicine specializing in, the medical problems of women, especially disorders of the reproductive organs.

gynecomast gynecomasts n
gynécomaste

gynecomastia /ˌd͡ʒaɪnɪkoʊˈmæstiə/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪnɪkəˈmæstiə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkoʊˈmæstiə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkə(ʊ)ˈmæstɪə/ /ˌɡaɪnɪkəˈmæstiə/ gynecomastias n
gynécomastie
(American spelling, diseases) Excessive development of breasts in males, resembling the breast development in women.

gyno- prefix
gyno- gynéco-
Of or pertaining to women.

gynophobia n
gynophobie
Fear of or aversion to women or girls.

gypseous more gypseous most gypseous adj
gypseux
Containing gypsum

gypsum /ˈd͡ʒɪp.səm/ gypsa gypsums n
gypse
A mineral consisting of hydrated calcium sulphate. When calcinated, it forms plaster of Paris.

gypsy /ˈd͡ʒɪp.si/ gypsies n
gitan romanichel tsigane
(colloquial) An itinerant person or any person, not necessarily Romani; a tinker, a traveller or a carny.

gypsy moth gypsy moths n
bombyx disparate zig-zag
A moth of species Lymantria dispar, destructive of many plants, of worldwide distribution.

gyration /dʒaɪ(ə)ˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌd͡ʒaɪˈɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ gyrations n
giration
(also, figuratively) The act of turning or whirling, especially around a fixed axis or centre; a circular or spiral motion; rotation.

gyre /d͡ʒaɪ.ə/ /d͡ʒaɪ.ɚ/ gyres n
gyre gyre océanique
(oceanography) An ocean current caused by wind which moves in a circular manner, especially one that is large-scale and observed in a major ocean.

gyrfalcon /ˈdʒɜːfɔːlkən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝˌfælkən/ gyrfalcons n
gerfaut faucon gerfaut
Falco rusticolus, a large bird of prey that breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia.

gyro /ˈd͡ʒaɪɹoʊ/ /ˈjiː.ɹoʊ/ /ˈjɪɹoʊ/ /ˈʒɪɹoʊ/ gyros n
gyros
A style of Greek sandwich commonly filled with grilled meat, tomato, onions, and tzatziki sauce.

gyrocompass gyrocompasses n
gyrocompas
A north-seeking form of gyroscope used as a directional reference in navigation.

gyromagnetic more gyromagnetic most gyromagnetic adj
gyromagnétique
of, relating to, or resulting from the properties of a spinning magnet, or a spinning electric charge; magnetogyric

gyron gyrons n
giron
(heraldiccharge) A triangular form having an angle at the fess point and the opposite side at the edge of the escutcheon.

gyronny adj
gironné
(heraldry, of an escutcheon) Covered with gyrons, or divided into several gyrons, typically eight.

gyroscope gyroscopes n
gyroscope
An apparatus composed of a wheel which spins inside of a frame (gimbal) and causes the balancing of the frame in any direction or position. In the form of a gyroscopic stabilizer, used to help keep aircraft and ships steady.

gyroscopic more gyroscopic most gyroscopic adj
gyroscopique

gyrovague gyrovagues n
gyrovague moine gyrovague

gyrus /ˈd͡ʒaɪɹəs/ gyri gyruses n
circonvolution cérébrale gyrus
(anatomy) A fold or ridge on the cerebral cortex of the brain.

ha /hɑː/ [ha(ː)] interjection
ah
A representation of laughter.
ah ha
An exclamation of triumph or discovery.

ha-ha /ˈhɑˌhɑ/ /ˈhɑːhɑː/ ha-has n
haha saut-de-loup
(architectural element) A ditch with one vertical side, acting as a sunken fence, designed to block the entry of animals into lawns and parks without breaking sightlines.

habenula habenulae habenulæ n
habenula
(neuroanatomy) A circumscript mass of cells in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus.

haberdasher /ˈhæb.ɜː(ɹ)ˌdæʃ.ə(ɹ)/ haberdashers n
mercier
A dealer in ribbons, buttons, thread, needles and similar sewing goods.

haberdashery haberdasheries n
mercerie
Ribbons, buttons, thread, needles and similar sewing goods sold in a haberdasher's shop.
A shop selling such goods.

habilitation /həˌbɪlɪˈteɪʃən/ habilitations n
habilitation
An academic qualification, prerequiring a PhD, required in order to gain tenure as a professor in some European universities; a thesis or dissertation presented to achieve the qualification.

habit /ˈhæbət/ /ˈhæbɪt/ habits n
habitude
An action performed on a regular basis.
An action performed repeatedly and automatically, usually without awareness.
habiller habit
A long piece of clothing worn by monks and nuns.
costume habiller uniforme
A piece of clothing worn for a specific activity; a uniform.

habitable zone habitable zones n
zone habitable
The zone around a star where a planet could experience temperatures like those on Earth, allowing for the possible existence of liquid water and of life.

habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ [ˈhæbɪtæʔ] habitats n
habitat
A place in which a person lives.

habitual /-tjʊ-/ /həˈbɪ.tʃwəl/ /həˈbɪ.tʃʊ.əl/ /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃ(w)əl/ /həˈbɪ.t͡ʃʊ.əl/ more habitual most habitual adj
habituel
Of or relating to a habit; established as a habit; performed over and over again; recurrent, recurring.
Regular or usual.
Of a person or thing: engaging in some behaviour as a habit or regularly.

habitué /həˈbɪt͡ʃuˌeɪ/ habitués n
habitué habituée
One who frequents a place. [from 1818]

hachure /hæʃˈjʊə/ /hæˈʃʊɹ/ hachures n
hachure
(cartography, chiefly, historical) A line on a map indicating the steepness of a slope.

hacienda /ˌ(h)ɑsiˈɛndə/ /ˌhæsiˈɛndə/ haciendas n
hacienda
A large homestead in a ranch or estate usually in places where Colonial Spanish culture has had architectural influence.

hack /hæk/ hacks n
écrivaillon
(pejorative, authorship) An untalented writer.

hack /hæk/ v
couper charcuter
(transitive) To chop or cut down in a rough manner. [circa 12th c.]
tousser
(intransitive) To cough noisily. [19th c.]
pirater
(transitive, slang, computing, by extension) To gain unauthorised access to a computer or online account belonging to (a person or organisation).

hackable more hackable most hackable adj
piratable
(computing) That can be hacked or broken into; insecure, vulnerable.

hackamore /ˈhækəmɔː/ hackamores n
hackamore
A kind of bridle with no bit.

hackathon /ˈhækəθɒn/ hackathons n
hackathon
(informal) An event where programmers and others meet for collaborative software development.

hackberry hackberries n
micocoule micocoulier
The fruit of these plants.
micocoulier
(uncountable) The wood of these plants.

hacker /hækə/ /hækəɹ/ hackers n
hacker pirate informatique fouineur hackeur hackeuse fouineuse
(computer security, telecommunications) One who uses a computer to gain unauthorized access to data stored in, or to carry out malicious attacks on, computer networks or computer systems.

hacking /ˈhækɪŋ/ more hacking most hacking adj
tué dans l'œuf
Short and interrupted, broken, jerky; hacky.

hacking /ˈhækɪŋ/ hackings n
hack
(computing) Playful solving of technical work that requires deep understanding, especially of a computer system.

hackle /ˈhækəl/ hackles n
séran
An instrument with steel pins used to comb out flax or hemp. [from 15th c.]

hackney /ˈhækni/ hackneys n
haquenée
A horse used to ride or drive.
hackney
A breed of English horse.

hackneyed /ˈhækniːd/ more hackneyed most hackneyed adj
rebattu éculé
Repeated too often.

hacksaw hacksaws n
scie à métaux
A saw, with a blade that is put under tension, for cutting metal

hacktivist hacktivists n
hacktiviste
A person who engages in hacktivism.

had better v
avoir intérêt faire bien de valoir mieux
(idiomatic, with bare infinitive, informal) Should; ought to; need to; must.

hadal /ˈheɪdəl/ adj
hadal
Of or relating to the deepest parts of the ocean.

haddock /ˈhædək/ haddock haddocks n
aiglefin églefin
A marine fish, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, of the North Atlantic, important as a food fish.

hadeo- prefix
hadéo-

hadeocentric more hadeocentric most hadeocentric adj
hadéocentrique
(astronomy) Having the dwarf planet Pluto at the center.

hadeocentric orbit hadeocentric orbits n
orbite hadéocentrique

hadith [həˈdiːθ] ahadith hadith hadiths n
hadith
(countable, religion, Islam) An eyewitness account of a saying or action of Muhammad or sometimes one of his companions not otherwise found in the Quran.

hadron /ˈhæd.ɹɑn/ /ˈhæd.ɹɒn/ hadrons n
hadron
(particle) A composite particle that comprises two or more quarks held together by the strong force and (consequently) can interact with other particles via said force; a meson or a baryon.

hadronic adj
hadronique
(physics) of, related to, or composed of hadrons

haecceity /hiːkˈsiː.ə.tiː/ /hækˈsiː.ə.tiː/ /hɛkˈsiː.ə.tiː/ haecceities n
eccéité
(philosophy) The essence of a particular thing that gives it its unique particularity; those qualities that make an individual this specific individual and not some other.

haematologist haematologists n
hématologue
A scientist, usually a medical doctor, who specializes in haematology.

haematology /ˌhiməˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌhiːməˈtɒlədʒi/ n
hématologie
(medicine) The scientific study of blood and blood-producing organs.

haemo- prefix
hémo-
Pertaining to blood.

haemolacria n
haemolacria
(pathology) The shedding of tears containing blood

haemophilia /ˌhiːməˈfɪliə, -ˈfiːliə/ haemophilias n
hémophilie
(British spelling, pathology) Any of several hereditary illnesses that impair the body's ability to control bleeding, usually passed from mother to son.

haemorrhoids /ˈhɛməɹɔɪdz/ /ˈhɛmɹɔɪdz/ n
hémorroïdes
A pathological condition caused by painful masses of dilated veins in swollen anal tissue.

hafnium /ˈhæfniəm/ n
hafnium
A chemical element (symbol Hf) with an atomic number of 72: a lustrous, silvery-grey tetravalent transition metal.

hag /hæɡ/ hags n
sorcière
A witch, sorceress, or enchantress; a wizard.
sorcière haridelle harpie mégère virago
(pejorative) An ugly old woman.

hagfish hagfish hagfishes n
myxine
Any of several primitive eellike fish, of the family Myxinidae, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth, and sometimes used as food or for eelskin leather.

haggard /ˈhæɡ.əd/ /ˈhæɡ.ɚd/ more haggard most haggard adj
hagard
Looking exhausted, worried, or poor in condition

haggis /ˈhæɡɪs/ haggises n
haggis
A traditional Scottish dish made from minced sheep offal with oatmeal and spices, etc., originally boiled in the stomach of a sheep but now often in an artificial casing, and usually served with neeps and tatties (mashed swede and potatoes) and accompanied with whisky.

haggle /ˈhæɡəl/ v
marchander
(intransitive) To argue for a better deal, especially over prices with a seller.
chipoter
To stick at small matters; to chaffer; to higgle.

hagio- prefix
hagio-
saint.

hagiographer /ˌheɪd͡ʒi-/ /ˌheɪɡi-/ /ˌhæɡiˈɑɡɹəfɚ/ /ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfə/ hagiographers n
hagiographe
Someone who writes the biography of a saint.
(theology) A writer of any of the Hagiographa․

hagiographic /ˈhæɡioʊˌɡɹæfɪk/ more hagiographic most hagiographic adj
hagiographique
Of or pertaining to hagiography.

hagiography /ˌheɪd͡ʒiˈɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌhæɡiˈɒɡɹəfi/ hagiographies n
hagiographie
(uncountable) The study of saints and the documentation of their lives.
(countable) A biography of a saint.

haha interjection
haha

haiku /haɪˈku/ /ˈhaɪ.ku/ /ˈhaɪ.kuː/ haiku haikus n
haïku
A Japanese poem in three lines, the first and last consisting of five morae, and the second consisting of seven morae, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme.

haikuist haikuists n
haïkiste
(poetry) A person who writes haiku; a haiku poet.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] hails n
grêle grêlons
(meteorology, uncountable) Balls or pieces of ice falling as precipitation, often in connection with a thunderstorm.

hail /heɪl/ [heɪ̯ɫ] v
grêler
(impersonal) For hailstones to fall from the sky.
saluer
(transitive) To greet; give salutation to; salute.
(transitive) To name; to designate; to call.
héler
(transitive) To call out loudly in order to gain the attention of.

hail storm hail storms n
tempête de grêle
A storm characterized by lots of large hail.

hailstone hailstones n
grêlon
A single ball of hail, or solid precipitation

hair /heː/ /hɛ(ə)ɹ/ /hɛə/ /hɛː/ /hɛːə/ [hiə] [hɛɚ] hairs n
poil cheveu
(countable) A pigmented filament of keratin which grows from a follicle on the skin of humans and other mammals.
cheveu chevelure cheveux poils
(uncountable) The collection or mass of such growths growing from the skin of humans and animals, and forming a covering for a part of the head or for any part or the whole body.

hair conditioner hair conditioners n
après-shampooing
(cosmetics) A type of shampoo product that aims to improve the condition of the hair, especially after washing.

hair dye hair dyes n
teinture pour les cheveux
Any of various materials used to dye hair on the head.

hair gel hair gels n
gel coiffant
A hairstyling product in gel form that hardens the hair, so it stays in a certain hairstyle.

hair iron hair irons n
fer à lisser lisseur
A tool that uses heat to curl, straighten, or crimp a person's head of hair.

hair loss n
chute de cheveux perte de cheveux
(medicine, dermatology) Loss of hair from the head or body due to a medical condition.

hair roller hair rollers n
bigoudi
A small tube that is rolled into a person's hair in order to curl it, making a new hairstyle.

hair salon hair salons n
salon de coiffure
The establishment of a beautician or barber.

hair spray hair sprays n
laque
A usually scented hairstyling product in aerosol form that stiffens the hair, so it stays in a certain hairstyle.

hair tie hair ties n
élastique
A circular piece of elastic used to hold hair in place.

hair-splitting hair-splittings n
enculage de mouches pinaillage couper les cheveux en quatre diptérosodomie
(idiomatic) the act of finding exceedingly small differences which are probably neither important nor noticeable to most people.

hairball hairballs n
égagropile
A small wad of fur or mass of hair formed in the digestive system of a cat or other animal, from hair ingested while grooming.

hairbrush hairbrushes n
brosse à cheveux
A brush used in hair care for brushing, tidying, and detangling hair

haircut /ˈhɛə(ɹ)kʌt/ haircuts n
coupe
The act of cutting of the hair, often done professionally by a barber, hair stylist, or beautician.

hairdresser hairdressers n
coiffeur coiffeuse friseur friseuse
A person who cuts or styles hair as an occupation or profession.

hairdryer hairdryers n
sèche-cheveux séchoir séchoir à cheveux foehn
(chiefly, _, UK) A small electrical appliance for drying hair, by generating a stream of hot air.

hairiness hairinesses n
pilosité
The characteristic of being hairy.

hairless adj
glabre
Destitute of hair.

hairlessness n
glabreté
The condition or quality of being hairless.

hairnet /ˈhɛɹˌnɛt/ hairnets n
résille filet à cheveux
A net designed to keep hair up and out of the way, e.g. while cooking.

hairpiece hairpieces n
perruque
A false substitute for a person's hair; a toupee or wig.

hairpin /ˈhɛə.pɪn/ /ˈhɛɚ.pɪn/ hairpins n
épingle à cheveux épingle
A pin or fastener for the hair.

hairpin bend hairpin bends n
virage en épingle à cheveux
An acute curve, often one of a series, in a road, especially on a steep incline.

hairstyle hairstyles n
coiffure
The style in which someone's hair has been cut and arranged.

hairy /ˈhɛə.ɹi/ /ˈhɛɚ.i/ hairier hairiest adj
poilu
(of a person) Having a lot of hair on the body.
(of a body part other than the head) Having hair growing from it.

hajduk hajduks n
haïdouk
(historical) An outlaw, highwayman, or freedom fighter in the Balkans.

hajj /hæd͡ʒ/ /hɑːd͡ʒ/ /hʌd͡ʒ/ hajjes n
hajj
(Islam) The pilgrimage to Mecca made by pious Muslims; one of the five pillars of Islam.

hajji /ˈhæd͡ʒi/ hajjis n
hadji
(Islam) a Muslim who has participated in a hajj.

hakapik /ˈhɑkəˌpɪk/ hakapiks n
hakapik

hake /heɪk/ hake hakes n
merlu
One of several species of marine gadoid fishes, of the genera Phycis, Merluccius, and allies.

halachic more halachic most halachic adj
halachique halakhique
Of or pertaining to Halacha (Jewish law).

halal /həˈlæl/ /həˈlɑːl/ adj
halal
(of food) Fit to eat according to Muslim religious customs.

halberd /ˈhæl.bɚd/ /ˈhælbəd/ /ˈhælbɜːd/ /ˈhɑl.bɚd/ /ˈhɔl.bɚd/ halberds n
hallebarde
A two-handed pole weapon, consisting of a long pole with an axe-like blade mounted on it (at a right angle like an axe, not on the tip like a spear), and (opposite the blade) typically a spike or hook.

halberdier halberdiers n
hallebardier
A soldier armed with a halberd.

halcyon /ˈhælsi.ən/ /ˈhælʃi.ən/ /ˈhælʃən/ halcyons n
halcyon
A tropical kingfisher of the genus Halcyon, such as the sacred kingfisher (Halcyon sancta) of Australia.

halcyon days /ˈhælsiːən deɪz/ n
jours heureux
Period of calm during the winter, when storms do not occur.
(idiomatic) A period of calm, usually in the past and often nostalgic.

hale /heɪl/ haler halest adj
bonne santé pleine forme sain
(dated) Sound, entire, healthy; robust, not impaired.

hale /heɪl/ v
haler
To drag or pull, especially forcibly.

halecret /ˈhæl.ɪˌkrɛt/ halecrets n
halecret

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ adj
demi moitié
Consisting of some indefinite portion resembling a half; approximately a half, whether more or less; partial; imperfect.

half /haf/ /häf/ /hæf/ /hɐːf/ /hɑːf/ halves n
moitié demi
One of two usually roughly equal parts into which anything may be divided, or considered as divided.
demi moitié
(preceded by “a” or a number) The fraction obtained by dividing 1 by 2.

half a dozen numeral
demi-douzaine
Six (6); often used approximatively.
(bingo) six

half a loaf is better than none proverb
faute de grives, on mange des merles mieux que rien

half board half boards n
demi-pension
(uncountable, travel) A hotel rate that includes accommodation, breakfast and dinner, but no meal at lunchtime.

half brother /ˌhæfˈbɹʌðɚ/ half brethren half brothers n
demi-frère
A male sibling sharing a single parent, as distinguished from a full brother or brother-german, from a step-brother, or from a brother-like figure such as a blood brother.

half cell half cells n
demi-cellule
(physics, chemistry) Either of the two parts of an electrochemical cell containing an electrode and an electrolyte.

half dozen half dozens n
demi-douzaine
A set of six.

half hitch half hitches n
demi-clef
(knots) A knot or hitch made by passing the end of the rope once around the standing part or other rope.

half marathon half marathons n
semi-marathon
A running race over the distance of 21.0975 km, half the length of a marathon.

half nephew half nephews n
demi-neveu
son of one's half brother or half sister

half past /ˈhæf ˌpæst/ /ˈhæˌpæst/ /ˈhɑːf ˌpɑːst/ /ˈhɑːpəs(t)/ /ˈhɑːˌpɑːst/ n
et demie
Thirty minutes past any hour.

half sister half sisters n
demi-sœur
A female sibling sharing a single parent.

half sovereign half sovereigns n
demi-souverain

half title half titles n
faux-titre
(book printing) A page before the title page in a book, bearing the title but no further details.

half volley half volleys n
demi-volée

half-asleep adj
demi-sommeil
Showing signs of being asleep or very sleepy, as not demonstrating full energy or attention.

half-ass /ˈhæfæs/ v
bâcler
(slang, vulgar, transitive) To perform a task incompletely or carelessly.

half-assed /ˈhæfæst/ more half-assed most half-assed adj
bâclé ni fait ni à faire à l'arrache
(slang) Poorly or incompetently done; desultory.

half-baked more half-baked most half-baked adj
foireux fumeux
(figurative, informal, frequently, derisive) Incomplete; (of an idea or scheme) not fully planned or carefully considered, ill-conceived, unsound or badly thought-out; (of a person) foolish or having no common sense.

half-breed adj
métis
(of an animal or plant) Hybridized; having one purebred parent; descended from parents of different breeds or with different traits.

half-breed half-breeds n
métis métisse
(derogatory) A person of mixed racial parentage or ancestry, especially one of mixed white and American Indian parentage (metis, métis, Metis, Métis; mestizo).

half-century half-centuries n
demi-siècle
A period of fifty years, half of a century.

half-crown half-crowns n
demi-couronne
(historical) A pre-decimal coin used in Britain, Ireland and New Zealand, equivalent to 30 pence or two shillings and six pence.

half-elf half-elves n
semi-elfe demi-elfe
(fantasy) A person who is half elven and half human by birth.

half-forgotten adj
à demi oublié
Not completely forgotten.

half-hour half-hours n
demi-heure
A period of time equal to thirty minutes, half an hour.

half-length adj
en buste
(arts, of a portrait, a sculpture or a photograph) Depicting only the upper half of the subject.

half-life /ˈhæfˌlaɪf/ half-lives n
demi-vie
(physics) The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of an isotope to undergo radioactive decay.
(chemistry) In a chemical reaction, the time required for the concentration of a reactant to fall from a chosen value to half that value.

half-mast n
en berne
The lowered position, half the height of a mast, at which a flag is flown when mourning, especially expressing respect for the dead.

half-measure half-measures n
demi-mesure

half-moon half-moons n
demi-lune
The moon in its first or last quarter when only half the visible face is illuminated; a quarter moon.
Anything shaped like a crescent, especially the base of a fingernail.

half-naked adj
à moitié nu demi-nu
With very few clothes on.

half-pipe half-pipes n
demi-lune
(skateboarding, snowboarding, skiing, BMX, rollerskating, kickscootering, etc.) A structure used to perform tricks, approximately semicircular in cross-section, resembling the bottom half of a cylinder lying down.

half-plane half-planes n
demi-plan
(mathematics) Either half of an infinite plane (divided by a straight line)

half-shower half-showers n
demi-douche
(juggling) A pattern which consists of throwing the objects thrown by one hand over the top of the objects thrown by the other hand. Each object is thrown to the opposite hand.

half-time half-times n
mi-temps half-time
(sports) The interval between the two halves of a sports match.

half-track adj
autochenille
Describing such a vehicle; half-tracked.

half-truth half-truths n
demi-vérité semi-vérité
A deceptive statement, especially one that is only partly true, is incomplete, misrepresents reality by telling part of the truth, or alters the time sequence of truths.

half-uncle half-uncles n
demi-oncle
A half-brother of one's parent.
A half brother-in-law of one's parent.

half-year half-years n
demi-année
The period of time equal to half a year; normally referred to as 6 months, but a half-year is more exactly 182.5 days (without a leap day)

halfdead adj
demi-mort
Halfway dead; only partially alive.

halfhearted more halfhearted most halfhearted adj
mou peu enthousiaste
Lacking full energy, effort, commitment, or resolve.

halfheartedly more halfheartedly most halfheartedly adv
sans enthousiasme sans y croire
Without enthusiasm or interest.

halfling halflings n
halfelin semi-homme
(fantasy) A fictional small humanoid creature featuring in fantasy fiction; a hobbit.

halfpenny /ˈheɪp(ə)ni/ /ˈhɑːfˌpɛni/ halfpence halfpennies n
demi-penny
(plural: halfpennies) (historical) A discontinued British coin worth half of one penny (old or new).

halfway /hæfweɪ/ /hɑːfˈweɪ/ adv
mi-chemin
Half of the way between two points; midway.

halfwidth adj
demi-chasse
(computing, typography) Of a text character, occupying the space of half of a fullwidth character, or one "normal" text column.

halibut /ˈhæ.lɪ.bət/ /ˈhɒ.lɪ.bət/ halibut halibuts n
flétan elbot
A large flatfish of the genus Hippoglossus, which sometimes leaves the ocean floor and swims vertically.

halide /ˈheɪ.laɪd/ /ˈhæl.aɪd/ halides n
halogénure
(chemistry) A salt of any halogen acid.

halitosis /hæl.ɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /hæl.ɪˈtəʉ.sɪs/ /hæl.ɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ halitoses n
halitose
(pathology) The condition of having stale or foul-smelling breath.

hall /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ halls n
corridor couloir
A corridor; a hallway.
salle hall salon
A large meeting room.
manoir
A manor house (originally because a magistrate's court was held in the hall of his mansion).
foyer résidence universitaire
A building providing student accommodation at a university.
salle
The principal room of a secular medieval building.

hall of fame halls of fame n
panthéon temple de la renommée
(usually, capitalized, often, _, sports) A structure housing memorials to famous or illustrious individuals (especially ones of importance to some field), often containing a collection of memorabilia relating to them.

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ interjection
alléluia
An exclamation used in songs of praise or thanksgiving to God.
(by extension) A general expression of gratitude or adoration.

hallelujah /ˌhæl.əˈl(j)uː.jə/ hallelujahs n
alléluia
A shout of “Hallelujah”.

hallmark /ˈhɔlmɑɹk/ /ˈhɔːlmɑːk/ hallmarks n
marque de fabrique
(figurative) A distinguishing characteristic.
poinçon
An official marking made by a trusted party, usually an assay office, on items made of precious metals.

halloumi /həˈluːmi/ halloumis n
halloumi
A traditional cheese from Cyprus, made from goat's and/or sheep's milk.

hallow /ˈhæloʊ/ /ˈhæləʊ/ /ˈhɑloʊ/ hallows n
saint sainte
(obsolete, outside, set phrases) A saint; a holy person; an apostle.

hallow /ˈhæloʊ/ /ˈhæləʊ/ /ˈhɑloʊ/ v
bénir sanctifier
(transitive) To make holy, to sanctify.

hallows /ˈhæloʊz/ /ˈhæləʊz/ n
reliquaire
(archaic) The relics or remains of a saint, or the shrines in which they are kept.

halloysite halloysites n
halloysite
(mineral) A monoclinic-domatic clay mineral containing aluminum, hydrogen, oxygen, and silicon.

hallucinate /həˈljuːsɪneɪt/ /həˈluːsɪneɪt/ v
halluciner
(ambitransitive) To seem to perceive things (with one or more of one's senses) which are not really present; to have visions; to experience a hallucination.

hallucination /həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃən/ hallucinations n
hallucination illusion
A sensory perception of something that does not exist, often arising from disorder of the nervous system, as in delirium tremens.

hallucinogen /həˈluː.sɪ.nə.d͡ʒɛn/ /ˌhæl.uːˈsɪn.ə.dʒən/ hallucinogens n
hallucinogène
Any substance tending to induce hallucination.

hallucinogenic /həˌlusənəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌlusɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌluːsɪnəˈdʒɛnɪk/ more hallucinogenic most hallucinogenic adj
hallucinogène
producing hallucinations

hallucinogenic /həˌlusənəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌlusɪnəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /həˌluːsɪnəˈdʒɛnɪk/ hallucinogenics n
hallucinogène
a substance that is a hallucinogen.

halo /ˈheɪloʊ/ /ˈheɪləʊ/ haloes halos n
halo
A circular band of coloured light, visible around the sun or moon etc., caused by reflection and refraction of light by ice crystals in the atmosphere.
Anything resembling this band, such as an effect caused by imperfect developing of photographs.
The metaphorical aura of glory, veneration or sentiment which surrounds an idealized entity.
auréole nimbe
(religion) nimbus, a luminous disc, often of gold, around or over the heads of saints, etc., in religious paintings.

halo orbit halo orbits n
orbite de halo
(orbital mechanics) A periodic, three-dimensional orbit about any one of the Lagrange points L1, L2 or L3 of a two-body gravitational system.

haloalkane haloalkanes n
halogénoalcane
(organic chemistry) Any alkane in which one or more hydrogen atoms has been replaced by that of a halogen

halocarbon halocarbons n
halocarbure

halogen /ˈheɪ.lə.d͡ʒən/ /ˈhæl.ə.d͡ʒən/ halogens n
halogène
(chemistry) Any element of group 17, i.e. fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, astatine and tennessine.

halogenate v
halogéner
(chemistry, transitive) to treat with, or react with, a halogen or a hydrohalic acid

halogenation halogenations n
halogénation
(chemistry) The reaction of a halogen with something, especially the replacement of a hydrogen atom of an organic compound with a halogen one.

halon halons n
halon

halorhodopsin halorhodopsins n
halorhodopsine

halotherapy /ˌheɪləʊˈθɛɹəpi/ n
halothérapie
Therapy, such as hydrotherapy, which makes use of salt or saltwater.

halt /hɑlt/ /hɒlt/ /hɔlt/ /hɔːlt/ halts n
halte
(rail) A minor railway station (usually unstaffed) in the United Kingdom.

halt /hɑlt/ /hɒlt/ /hɔlt/ /hɔːlt/ v
faire halte suspendre
(intransitive) To stop either temporarily or permanently.

halter /ˈhɔltɚ/ /ˈhɔːltə/ halters n
licou licol chevêtre dos nu
A bitless headpiece of rope or straps, placed on the head of animals such as cattle or horses to lead or tie them.

haltere /hælˈtɪɹiːz/ /ˈhæltɪə/ /ˈhæltɪɹ/ halteres n
balancier
(entomology) A small knobbed structure in some two-winged insects, one of a pair that are flapped rapidly and function as accelerometers to maintain stability in flight.

halting problem halting problems n
problème de l'arrêt
(computer science) The problem of deciding in finite time whether a given program will finish running in finite time, when given a certain finite input.

halva /hɑːlˈvɑː/ /ˈhɑːlvɑː/ halvas n
halva
A confection usually made from crushed sesame seeds and honey. It is a traditional dessert in South Asia, the Mediterranean and the Middle East.

halve /hæv/ /hɑːv/ v
diviser en deux
(transitive) To divide into two halves.

halyard /ˈhæljɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈhæljə(ɹ)d/ halyards n
drisse
(nautical) A rope used to raise or lower a sail, flag, spar or yard.

ham /ˈhæm/ /ˈhæːm/ hams n
cabotin cabotine
(acting) An overacting or amateurish performer; an actor with an especially showy or exaggerated style.
jambon
(countable) A thigh and buttock of an animal slaughtered for meat.
(uncountable) Meat from the thigh of a hog cured for food.
radioamateur
(radio) An amateur radio operator.

ham /ˈhæm/ /ˈhæːm/ v
cabotiner
(acting) To overact; to act with exaggerated emotions.

ham it up v
cabotiner
(idiomatic, acting) To deliberately exaggerate one's emotions or movements, or to overact or act hammily.

ham-fisted more ham-fisted most ham-fisted adj
maladroit
Lacking skill in physical movement, especially with the hands.

hamadryad /hæməˈdɹaɪæd/ hamadryades hamadryads n
hamadryade
(Greek mythology) A wood-nymph who was physically a part of her tree; she would die if her tree were felled.

hamadryas /ˌhæməˈdraɪ.əs/ hamadryases n
babouin hamadryas
A large baboon (Papio hamadryas), from northern Africa and Arabia, that was sacred in ancient Egypt.

hamartia /həˈmɑː.ti.ə/ /ˌhæˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/ /ˌhɑːˌmɑɹˈtiː.ə/ hamartias n
hamartia
(Greek, _, drama) The tragic flaw of the protagonist in a literary tragedy.

hamburger /ˈhæm.bə.ɡə/ /ˈhæm.bɚ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhæmˌbɜː.ɡə/ /ˈhæmˌbɝ.ɡɚ/ hamburgers n
hamburger hambourgeois
The patty used in such a sandwich.

hamlet /ˈhæm.lət/ /ˈhæm.lɪt/ hamlets n
hameau
A small village or a group of houses.
(British) A village that does not have its own church.

hammer /ˈhæm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæm.ɚ/ hammers n
marteau
A tool with a heavy head and a handle used for pounding.
(music) In a piano or dulcimer, a piece of wood covered in felt that strikes the string.
(sports) A device made of a heavy steel ball attached to a length of wire, and used for throwing.
Part of a clock that strikes upon a bell to indicate the hour.
chien marteau
(firearms) A moving part of a firearm that strikes the firing pin to discharge a gun.
marteau malléus
(anatomy) The malleus, a small bone of the middle ear.

hammer /ˈhæm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhæm.ɚ/ v
marteler
To strike repeatedly with a hammer, some other implement, the fist, etc.
(figuratively) To emphasize a point repeatedly.

hammer and sickle hammers and sickles n
faucille et marteau la faucille et le marteau
A depiction of a sickle crossed with a hammer, used as a symbol of communism and the Soviet Union.

hammer price hammer prices n
prix [[d']]adjudication prix marteau
The amount of the highest bid at an auction, accepted by the striking of the auctioneer's gavel.

hammer throw hammer throws n
lancer du marteau
An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is a heavy steel ball attached with wire (maximum length 4 ft (1.22 m)) to a handle.

hammer thrower hammer throwers n
lanceur de marteau lanceuse de marteau
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the hammer throw.

hammerhead hammerheads n
requin marteau zygène
(zoology) Any of various sharks of the genera Sphyrna or Zygaena having the eyes set on projections from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape.

hammerhead shark hammerhead sharks n
requin-marteau
Any of various sharks of the genus Sphyrna having the eyes set on projections (cephalofoils) from the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer shape.

hammochrysos /ˌhæməˈkɹaɪsɒs/ n
hammochryse

hammock /ˈhæmək/ /ˈhæmɪk/ hammocks n
hamac
A swinging couch or bed, usually made of netting or canvas about six feet wide, suspended by clews or cords at the ends.
hammock
(US, archaic, outside, dialects) A piece of land thickly wooded, and usually covered with bushes and vines.

hammy hammier hammiest adj
cabotin
Amateurish; characterized by overacting.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ hampers n
bourriche panier d'osier
A large basket, usually with a cover, used for the packing and carrying of articles or small animals.
obstacle
A shackle; a fetter; anything which impedes.

hamper /ˈhæm.pə/ /ˈhæm.pɚ/ v
entraver
(transitive) To put a hamper or fetter on; to shackle.
empêcher entraver
To impede in motion or progress.

hamsa /ˈhæm.sə/ /ˈhɑm.sə/ hamsas n
khamsa
The Hand of Fatima.

hamster /ˈhæm(p)stɚ/ hamsters n
hamster rat de blé
Any of various Old-World rodent species belonging to the subfamily Cricetinae.

hamstring /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ hamstrings n
ischio-jambier
(anatomy) One of the great tendons situated in each side of the ham, or space back of the knee, and connected with the muscles of the back of the thigh.

hamstring /ˈhæmstɹɪŋ/ v
paralyser
(transitive, figurative) To cripple; to incapacitate; to disable. [from 1640s]

hamza hamzas n
hamza
A sign (ء‎ - a stand-alone hamza) used in the written Arabic language representing a glottal stop. Hamza may appear as a stand-alone letter or most commonly diacritically over or under other letters, e.g. أ‎ (over an alif - ا‎), إ‎ (under an alif), ؤ‎ (over a wāw - و‎) or ئ‎ (over a dotless yāʾ - ى‎). The exact seat of hamza is governed by an orthographic rule - "seat of hamza rule".

hanami n
hanami
The Japanese custom of enjoying the beauty of flowers, usually cherry blossoms or plum blossoms, also known as "flower viewing".

hanap hanaps n
hanap
(obsolete) A rich goblet, especially one used on state occasions.

hanbok hanbok hanboks n
hanbok
The traditional Korean dress, often characterized by vibrant colours and simple lines without pockets.

hand /hænd/ [heənd] [hɛənd] [hɛːnd] hands n
main mains menotte small hand, especially the hand of a child
The part of the forelimb below the forearm or wrist in a human, and the corresponding part in many other animals.
aiguille
An index or pointer on a dial; such as the hour and minute hands on the face of an analog clock, which are used to indicate the time of day.
main
(card games) The set of cards held by a player.
A side; part, camp; direction, either right or left.
poignée
That which is, or may be, held in a hand at once.
matelot
(especially in compounds) An agent; a servant, or manual laborer; a workman, trained or competent for special service or duty.

hand /hænd/ [heənd] [hɛənd] [hɛːnd] v
donner passer
(transitive) To give, pass or transmit with the hand, literally or figuratively.

hand cream hand creams n
crème de mains
A cosmetic cream used to moisturize the hands.

hand down v
transmettre
To transmit in succession, as from father to son, or from predecessor to successor.

hand fan hand fans n
éventail
A hand-held device designed to be waved back and forth in order to induce airflow for the purpose of cooling the user.

hand grenade /ˈhænd.ɡɚˈneɪd/ /ˈhænd.ɡɹəˈneɪd/ hand grenades n
grenade à main
(military) A small hand-held explosive device designed to be thrown at an enemy.

hand in v
remettre rendre
(transitive) To give something to a responsible person.

hand in hand /ˌhændɪnˈhænd/ adv
main dans la main
Holding or clasping hands.

hand job hand jobs n
branlette handjob
(slang) The act of using the hands to stimulate another person's penis.

hand off v
passer transférer
(idiomatic, transitive) to pass or transfer.

hand out v
distribuer
(transitive) To distribute; to give out. [from 17th c.]

hand over v
remettre transmettre donner passer
(transitive, idiomatic) To relinquish control or possession of something to someone.
abouler livrer
(transitive, idiomatic) To deliver (someone to an enemy, police, etc.).

hand puppet hand puppets n
marionnette à gaine
A puppet operated by the hand, especially one in which the puppeteer's hand occupies and controls the head

hand sanitizer /ˈhænd ˌsænətaɪzɚ/ /ˈhænd ˌsænɪtaɪzɚ/ hand sanitizers n
désinfectant pour les mains solution [[hydro-alcoolique]]
A disinfecting liquid, most often based on ethyl alcohol, used as an alternative to washing the hands with soap and water.

hand tool hand tools n
outil à main
A tool powered by human muscle rather than a motor or engine.

hand towel hand towels n
essuie-main
A small towel used for drying the hands or face.

hand truck hand trucks n
diable
(North America) An L-shaped box-moving handcart with handles at one end, wheels at the base, with a small ledge to set objects on, flat against the floor when the hand-truck is upright. It makes otherwise bulky and heavy objects easier to move.

hand-eye coordination hand-eye coordinations n
coordination main-œil coordination œil-main
The degree of coordination a person has between their eyes and their hands; a person's dexterity in activities highly dependent upon sight, such as catching a ball.

hand-held /ˈhændˌhɛld/ adj
portable portatif
Held in one or both hands.
Small and light enough to be operated while held in one or both hands.

hand-to-hand adj
corps à corps
Especially, describing fighting (armed or unarmed) done within reach rather than at range.

hand-to-mouth adj
au jour le jour

handbag /ˈhæm.bəɡ/ /ˈhændˌbæɡ/ handbags n
sac à main sacoche
(now, rare) A small bag carried in the hand, used either when travelling or to carry tools for a specific job. [from 19th c.]

handball handballs n
handball ballon de handball balle ballon
(uncountable) A team sport where two teams of seven players each (six players and a goalkeeper) pass and bounce a ball trying to throw it in the goal of the opposing team.
balle balle de handball américain handball américain
(uncountable, US, Ireland) A sport in which players alternately strike the ball against a wall with their hand. Irish and American variants have slightly different rules.
balle balle de handball américain
(countable, US) The small rubber ball used in this sport.
main
(countable, Australian Rules Football) An act of passing a football by holding it with one hand and hitting it with the other.

handball player handball players n
handballeur handballeuse
A person who plays handball, especially professionally.

handbell handbells n
cloche à main
(music) A small bell designed to be rung by hand.

handbill handbills n
prospectus
A loose printed sheet, to be distributed by hand.

handbook handbooks n
manuel
A topically organized book of reference on a certain field of knowledge, regardless of size.

handbrake handbrakes n
frein à main
(mechanical engineering, automotive, railroading) The mechanism, particularly the locking hand-operated lever or foot-operated toggle lever in a motorcar or the hand-operated crank on a railcar, which is used to set and release such a brake.

handbrake turn handbrake turns n
dérapage contrôlé
(automotive) An automobile driving manoeuvre where the driver starts turning the vehicle and then pulls on the handbrake to make the rear tyres lose adhesion and thus cause the back of the vehicle to slide around (in the direction of the turn).

handcart handcarts n
voiture à bras charrette à bras
A cart designed to be pulled or pushed by hand (as opposed to with a beast of burden.)

handcrafted adj
artisanal
Made by hand or using the hands, as opposed to by mass production or using machinery.

handcuff /ˈhændˌkʌf/ handcuffs n
menotte
(rarely singular) One ring of a locking fetter for the hand or one pair.

handcuff /ˈhændˌkʌf/ v
menotter
To apply handcuffs to

handcuffs n
menottes
A fastening consisting of two metal rings, designed to go around a person's wrists, and connected by a chain or hinge.

handedness handednesses n
chiralité
(chemistry, physics) The property that distinguishes an asymmetric object from its mirror image. For example, the essential difference between a left and right glove.
préférence manuelle
A preference (usually innate) for using one hand rather than the other.

handfast handfasts n
poignée de main
(obsolete) A contract, agreement, covenant; specifically betrothal, espousal.

handful /ˈhæn(d)fəl/ /ˈhæn(d)fʊl/ handfuls handsful n
poignée
The amount that a hand will grasp or contain.
A small number, usually approximately five.
manipule
(obsolete) A hand's breadth; four inches.

handgun handguns n
pistolet revolver
A small gun with a relatively short barrel, designed to be held and operated with a single hand.

handhold handholds n
poignée
A projection that one may hold onto for support.

handicap /ˈhændikæp/ handicaps n
handicap
(sports) An allowance of a certain amount of time or distance in starting, granted in a race (or other contest of skill) to the competitor possessing disadvantages; or an additional weight or other hindrance imposed upon the one possessing advantages, in order to equalize, as much as possible, the chances of success.
(sometimes considered offensive) The disadvantage itself, in particular physical or mental disadvantages of people.

handicapped more handicapped most handicapped adj
handicapé
Having a handicap.

handicraft /ˈhændɪkɹæft/ /ˈhændɪkɹɑːft/ handicrafts n
artisanat
A trade requiring skill of hand; manual occupation; handcraft.

handkerchief /ˈheɪŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃiːf/ /ˈhæŋkətʃɪf/ /ˈhæŋkɚt͡ʃɪf/ handkerchiefs handkerchieves n
mouchoir
A piece of cloth, usually square and often fine and elegant, carried for wiping the face, eyes, nose or hands.

handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/ /ˈhɛən.dl̩/ handles n
pseudonyme indicatif
poignée manche anse barre de manœuvre châsse levier
The part of an object which is (designed to be) held in the hand when used or moved.
instrument outil
An instrument for effecting a purpose (either literally or figuratively); a tool, or an opportunity or pretext.
poignée paris
(gambling) The gross amount of wagering within a given period of time or for a given event at one of more establishments.
indicateur
(computing) A reference to an object or structure that can be stored in a variable.
anse
(topology) A topological space homeomorphic to a ball but viewed as a product of two lower-dimensional balls.

handle /ˈhæn.dl̩/ /ˈhɛən.dl̩/ v
manipuler tâter
(transitive) To touch; to feel or hold with the hand(s).
traiter manier manœuvrer
(transitive, rare) To accustom to the hand; to take care of with the hands.
gérer
(transitive) To manage, use, or wield with the hands.
traiter gérer
(transitive) To manage, control, or direct.
traiter
(transitive) To treat, to deal with (in a specified way).
traiter aborder pencher
(transitive) To deal with (a subject, argument, topic, or theme) in speaking, in writing, or in art.
manipuler
(transitive) To receive and transfer; to have pass through one's hands; hence, to buy and sell.
s'occuper de traiter
(transitive, rare) To be concerned with; to be an expert in.

handle with kid gloves v
prendre des gants
(idiomatic) To treat something very delicately or carefully.

handlebar /ˈhændəlbɑː/ /ˈhændəlbɑːɹ/ handlebars n
guidon
(mostly, in the plural) The bar used to steer a bicycle, motorbike, or similar vehicle using the hands.

handling /ˈhændlɪŋ/ /ˈhændl̩ɪŋ/ handlings n
manipulation maniement
A touching, controlling, managing, using, take care of, etc., with the hand or hands, or as with the hands.

handmade /ˈhændˌmeɪd/ /ˌhændˈmeɪd/ adj
fait main manuel
Made by hand; manufactured manually.

handmill handmills n
moulin à bras
A mill for grinding grain, pepper, coffee, etc. worked by hand as distinguished from those driven by steam, water, or other power.

handout /ˈhændaʊt/ handouts n
polycopié
A worksheet, leaflet, or pamphlet that is given out (usually by hand) for a certain use.
aumône
A gift to the poor or needy.

handover handovers n
passation rétrocession
The transference of authority, control, power or knowledge from one agency to another, or from one state to another.

handpicked adj
ramassé à la main trier sur le volet
(figurative) Selected with great care or by insiders or an individual.

handrail handrails n
main courante rambarde
A rail which can be held, such as on the side of a staircase, ramp or other walkway, and serving as a support or guard.

hands down more hands down most hands down adv
haut la main les doigts dans le nez
(idiomatic) without much effort; easily

hands off more hands off most hands off adj
laissez-faire
Tending not to interfere with people's (employees', subjects', etc.) decisions and actions.

hands off interjection
bas les pattes ! pas touche !
(informal) don't touch!

hands up interjection
haut les mains mains en l'air !
(idiomatic) Surrender (by raising your hands)!

handsaw handsaws n
scie à main scie égoïne égoïne
A saw small enough to be used by one hand.

handset /ˈhæn(d)sɛt/ handsets n
combiné combiné téléphonique
The part of a landline telephone containing both receiver and transmitter (and sometimes dial), held in the hand.

handshake handshakes n
poignée de main shake-hand
The grasping of hands by two people when greeting, leave-taking, or making an agreement.
handshake établissement d'une liaison
(computing) An exchange of signals between two devices when communications begin in order to ensure synchronization.

handsome /ˈhæn.səm/ /ˈhænd.səm/ /ˈhænt.səm/ handsomer handsomest more handsome most handsome adj
beau
Of a man or boy: attractively manly, having a pleasing face and overall effect.

handstand /ˈhændˌstænd/ handstands n
appui tendu renversé équilibre
A movement or position in which a person is upside down, supported by their arms with their hands on the ground.

handstitched adj
cousu main

handsy /ˈhæn(d)zi/ handsier handsiest adj
qui a les mains baladeuses
(informal) Prone to touching other people with one's hands, especially inappropriately.

handwriting /ˈhændɹaɪtɪŋ/ handwritings n
écriture de main
The act or process of writing done with the hand, rather than typed or word-processed.
écriture
The characteristic writing of a particular person.

handy /ˈhæn.di/ handier handiest adj
maniable
pratique commode
Easy to use, useful.
à portée de main
Nearby, within reach.

handyman /ˈhændimæn/ handymen n
homme à tout faire bricoleur
(informal) A person who does small tasks and odd jobs

hanfu n
hanfu
(fashion) Traditional Chinese attire

hang /hæŋ/ [heɪŋ] v
pendre être suspendu
(intransitive) To be or remain suspended.
peser planer
(intransitive) To float, as if suspended.
baisser
(transitive) To hold or bear in a suspended or inclined manner or position instead of erect.
pendre accrocher
(intransitive, legal) To be executed by suspension by one's neck from a gallows, a tree, or other raised bar, attached by a rope tied into a noose.
pendre suspendre laisser pendre traîner
(intransitive, informal) To loiter; to hang around; to spend time idly.
exposer
(transitive) To exhibit (an object) by hanging.
orner
(transitive) To decorate (something) with hanging objects.
ramer se bloquer se figer
(transitive, computing) To cause (a program or computer) to stop responding.
pendre accrocher suspendre laisser pendre
(transitive, chess) To cause (a piece) to become vulnerable to capture.

hang around v
traîner
(idiomatic) To stay, linger, or loiter.
(idiomatic) To spend time or be friends. (especially to hang around with someone)

hang by a thread v
ne tenir qu'à un fil
(idiom) To be in danger, calling for precise caution; to be in a precarious situation.

hang glider /hæŋ ˈɡlaɪdə(ɹ)/ [heɪŋ ˈɡlaɪdɚ] hang gliders n
aile delta deltaplane
An unpowered aircraft resembling a large kite from which a rider is suspended in a harness.
deltiste
The rider of such a craft.

hang gliding /hæŋ ˈɡlɑɪdɪŋ/ [heɪŋ ˈɡlaɪdɪŋ] n
deltaplane
The sport of flying in a hang glider.

hang low /heɪŋ ˈloʊ/ /hæŋ ˈləʊ/ v
s’affaisser
(idiomatic) To droop or sag heavily; to remain at a low altitude.

hang on every word v
être pendu aux lèvres de
(idiomatic) To be completely attentive to what another person is saying.

hang out /ˈhæŋ ˈaʊt/ v
traîner
(dated, informal) To be unyielding; to hold out.

hang out to dry v
laisser en plan
(transitive, idiomatic) To abandon someone who is in need or in danger, especially a colleague or one dependent.

hang tough v
tenir bon

hang up v
suspendre
(transitive) To put up to hang.
raccrocher raccrocher au nez
(intransitive, idiomatic) To terminate a telephone call.

hang up one's boots v
raccrocher les crampons
(idiomatic) retire, call it a day

hangar /ˈhæŋə/ /ˈhæŋɚ/ hangars n
hangar
A large garage-like structure where aircraft are kept.

hanger /ˈhæŋ.ə/ /ˈhæŋ.ɚ/ [ˈheɪŋ.ɚ] hangers n
cintre
One who hangs, or causes to be hanged; a hangman, paper hanger, etc.

hanger steak hanger steaks n
onglet
A cut of beef steak from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer.

hanger-on hangers-on n
crampon
Someone who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or service.

hanging /ˈhæŋ.ɪŋ/ adj
suspendu suspendue
Suspended.

hanging /ˈhæŋ.ɪŋ/ hangings n
pendaison
(countable, uncountable) The act of hanging a person (or oneself) by the neck in order to kill that person (or to commit suicide).
pendaison tenture
(countable) Anything that is hung as a decorative element (such as curtains, gobelins, or posters).

hanging coffin hanging coffins n
cercueil suspendu
A coffin suspended on a cliff as part of an ancient funeral custom practised in countries such as China, Indonesia and the Philippines.

hanging indentation hanging indentations n
alinéa en sommaire alinéa saillant alinéa sortant composition en sommaire disposition en sommaire

hangman hangmen n
bourreau bourrelle
(countable) An executioner responsible for hanging criminals.
pendu
(uncountable, games) A guessing game where one has to guess the word an opponent is thinking of by guessing one letter at a time, and involving the gradual drawing of a stick figure hanging from the gallows.

hangman's noose hangman's nooses n
nœud de pendu
A kind of knot used primarily to execute a person by hanging.

hangnail /ˈhæŋneɪl/ [heɪŋneɪ̯ɫ] hangnails n
envie petite peau
A loose, narrow strip of nail tissue protruding from the side edge and anchored near the base of a fingernail or toenail.

hangover /ˈhæŋoʊvɚ/ /ˈhæŋəʊvə/ hangovers n
gueule de bois
Negative effects, such as headache or nausea, caused by previous drunkenness due to (excessive) consumption of alcohol.

hanky-panky /ˌhæŋkɪˈpæŋki/ n
galipettes
Amorous behaviour, smooching, making out, necking, sexual intercourse or other sexual activity, especially if illicit.

hapax legomenon /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɑ.məˌnɑn/ /ˌhæ.pæks ləˈɡɒ.məˌnɒn/ hapax legomena n
hapax legomenon hapax
(linguistics) A word occurring only once in a given corpus.

haphazard /ˌhæpˈhæz.əd/ /ˌhæpˈhæz.ɚd/ more haphazard most haphazard adj
aléatoire désordonné hasardeux
Random; chaotic; incomplete; not thorough, constant, or consistent.

haphazardly /hæpˈhæzədli/ /hæpˈhæzɚdli/ more haphazardly most haphazardly adv
n'importe comment
In a haphazard manner; in a random, chaotic, and incomplete manner.

hapless /ˈhæpləs/ /ˈhæplɪs/ more hapless most hapless adj
malheureux infortuné malchanceux
Very unlucky; ill-fated.

haplodiploid adj
haplodiploïde
(biology, of a species) In which members of one sex are haploid and members of the other are diploid; found especially in the Hymenoptera

haplogroup haplogroups n
haplogroupe
(genetics) A group of closely related haplotypes.

haploid adj
haploïde
(genetics) Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

haplolepidous more haplolepidous most haplolepidous adj
haplolépidé
A form of arthrodontous peristome:

haplology /hæˈplɒləd͡ʒi/ haplologies n
haplologie
(phonology, uncountable) The process of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.
(phonology, countable) An instance of deleting one of two almost identical syllables within a word.

haplotype haplotypes n
haplotype
(genetics) A group of alleles that are transmitted together.

happen /ˈhæpən/ v
arriver se passer se produire advenir
(transitive, archaic) To happen to; to befall.

happening /ˈhæpnɪŋ/ /ˈhæpənɪŋ/ /ˈhæpɪnɪŋ/ [hæpnɪn] happenings n
happening
(originally, arts) A spontaneous or improvised event, especially one that involves audience participation.

happenstance /ˈhap(ə)nˌstans/ /ˈhæpənˌstæns/ happenstances n
hasard

happily /ˈhæp.ə.li/ happilier happiliest more happily most happily adv
joyeusement gaiement
In a happy or cheerful manner; with happiness.
heureusement par bonheur
By good chance; fortunately, successfully.
volontiers
With good will; in all happiness; willingly.

happily ever after adv
ils vécurent heureux et eurent beaucoup d’enfants
(idiomatic, often preceded by "they lived") Happily until death; used in a formulaic ending for fairy tales.

happiness /ˈhæpinəs/ /ˈhæpinɪs/ happinesses n
bonheur
(uncountable) The emotion of being happy; joy.
(archaic, uncountable) prosperity, thriving, wellbeing.
(archaic, uncountable) Good luck; good fortune.

happy /ˈhæpi/ happier happiest more happy most happy adj
heureux heureuse content bienheureux bienheureuse contente
Having a feeling arising from a consciousness of well-being or of enjoyment; enjoying good of any kind, such as comfort, peace, or tranquillity; blissful, contented, joyous.
heureux chanceux
Experiencing the effect of favourable fortune; favored by fortune or luck; fortunate, lucky, propitious.
content satisfait contente prêt prête satisfaite
Content, willing, satisfied (with or to do something); having no objection (to something).
heureux
(Of acts, speech, etc.) Appropriate, apt, felicitous.
bon joyeux
Implying 'May you have a happy ~' or similar; used in phrases to wish someone happiness or good fortune at the time of a festival, celebration, or other event or activity.

happy Easter phraseologicalUnit
joyeuses Pâques
An expression used during Easter to wish someone a happy time.

happy New Year phraseologicalUnit
bonne année
A wish said around the start of a new year to wish someone well for the New Year (holiday) or for the (entire) new year.

happy as a clam adj
gai comme un pinson
(simile) Very happy and carefree.

happy as a lark adj
gai comme un pinson
(simile, colloquial) Very happy (sometimes with the extra connotations of being carefree or unaware of grimmer realities).

happy as a pig in shit adj
insouciant
(chiefly, UK, and, Ireland, idiomatic, vulgar, simile) Extremely happy; obviously satisfied and carefree.

happy birthday /ˈhæp.i ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈhæp.i ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ interjection
bon anniversaire joyeux anniversaire
Said or written to a person who is celebrating their birthday in order to convey the good wishes of the speaker or writer (literally, "may you have a happy birthday")

happy birthday /ˈhæp.i ˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ˈhæp.i ˈbɝθˌdeɪ/ v
souhaiter un joyeux anniversaire
(colloquial, transitive) To wish (someone) a happy birthday.

happy ending happy endings n
happy end fin heureuse eucatastrophe
(literature) A clichéd conclusion in which all loose ends are tied up and all main characters are content.
happy end fin heureuse eucatastrophe finition
(vulgar, slang, euphemistic) A hand job, especially one provided by the masseuse to the client at or towards the end of a massage.

happy holidays phraseologicalUnit
bonnes fêtes joyeuses fêtes
(US, Canada) A greeting used during the Christmas and winter holiday season to recognize the celebration of many holidays, sometimes starting with Thanksgiving and including Hanukkah, the winter solstice, Christmas, Kwanzaa, and New Year's Day.

happy hour happy hours n
5 à 7
A time of day, usually in the afternoon or early evening, when a bar or pub offers its drinks at a discounted price.

happy medium happy mediums n
juste milieu
(idiomatic) A balanced position between two opposite extremes.

happy slapping happy slappings n
vidéo-lynchage vidéolynchage

happy-go-lucky happy-go-luckier happy-go-luckiest adj
insouciant
carefree or untroubled

hapten haptens n
haptène

haptic /ˈhæptɪk/ adj
haptique tactile
Of or relating to the sense of touch.

hapticity hapticities n
hapticité
(chemistry) A measure of the number of atoms of a ligand that are coordinated to a central atom.

haptics /ˈhæptɪks/ n
haptique
(medicine) The study of the sense of touch.
(computing) The study of user interfaces that use the sense of touch.

haptogenic membrane n
membrane haptogène

haptonema haptonemas haptonemata n
haptonème

haptonomy n
haptonomie

har gow har gow n
har gow
A type of traditional Cantonese shrimp dumpling; the outer skin is translucent and the filling is made of shrimp.

hara-kiri n
hara-kiri
Ceremonial suicide by disembowelment, as by slicing open the abdomen with a dagger or knife: formerly practised in Japan by the samurai when disgraced or sentenced to death.

harangue /həˈɹeɪŋ/ /həˈɹæŋ/ harangues n
harangue
An impassioned, disputatious public speech.
harangue remontrance sermon
A tirade, harsh scolding or rant, whether spoken or written.

harangue /həˈɹeɪŋ/ /həˈɹæŋ/ v
sermonner
(ambitransitive) To give a forceful and lengthy lecture or criticism to someone.

harass /həˈɹæs/ /ˈhæɹəs/ v
harceler
(specifically) To persistently bother (someone, or a group of people) physically or psychologically when such behaviour is illegal and/or unwanted, especially over an extended period.
To annoy (someone) frequently or systematically; to pester.
To put excessive burdens upon (someone); to subject (someone) to anxieties.

harassment /-mɪnt/ /həˈɹæs.mənt/ /ˈhæɹ.əs.mənt/ harassments n
harcèlement
Persistent attacks and criticism causing worry and distress.
Deliberate pestering or intimidation.

harbinger /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/ /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ harbingers n
présage
A person or thing that foreshadows or foretells the coming of someone or something.

harbinger /ˈhɑɹbɪnd͡ʒəɹ/ /ˈhɑːbɪndʒə/ v
annoncer présager
(transitive) To announce or precede; to be a harbinger of.

harbor /ˈhɑɹbɚ/ /ˈhɑːbə/ harbors n
havre rade refuge
(countable) Any place of shelter.
port quai
(countable, nautical) A sheltered expanse of water, adjacent to land, in which ships may anchor or dock, especially for loading and unloading.

harbor /ˈhɑɹbɚ/ /ˈhɑːbə/ v
abriter accoster protéger
(transitive) To provide a harbor or safe place for.

harbor seal harbor seals n
phoque commun phoque vitulin
A species of true seals, Phoca vitulina.

harbormaster harbormasters n
capitaine de port officier de port
(US, nautical) An official responsible for the enforcement of regulations in a port.

harbour porpoise harbour porpoises n
marsouin commun
A porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, that inhabits coastal areas and river estuaries.

hard /hɑɹd/ /hɑːd/ harder hardest more hard most hard adj
dur
Resistant to pressure; difficult to break, cut or penetrate.
Demanding a lot of effort to endure.
Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.
dure
(of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.
fort
(of drink or drugs) Strong.
difficile dur
Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.
irréfutable
Unquestionable, unequivocal.

hard /hɑɹd/ /hɑːd/ harder hardest adv
dur durement
(manner) With much force or effort.

hard c hard c's n
c dur

hard code v
renseigner en dur
(computing) To insert an unchangeable program into a device; to hard-wire.

hard disk hard disks n
disque dur
(computer hardware) One of a series of parallel magnetic recording disks in a drive unit, used for the recording and retrieval of digital information; used especially in personal computers.
(computer hardware) The unit itself, and all the disks within it.

hard drive hard drives n
disque dur
(computing) A device used for storing large amounts of data for a computer that persist while the computer is turned off.

hard drug hard drugs n
drogue dure

hard g hard gs n
g dur

hard hat hard hats n
casque casque de chantier
A helmet, usually made from rigid plastic, used on construction sites to protect the head from falling objects.

hard labor n
bagne travaux forcés
Forced servitude in the form of physically difficult labor, usually as a penal punishment.

hard mutation hard mutations n
mutation durcissante
A type of pronunciation change required when speaking certain Celtic languages.

hard of hearing more hard of hearing most hard of hearing adj
dur d'oreille malentendant
(idiomatic) Having difficulty hearing; somewhat deaf.

hard palate hard palates n
voûte palatine palais dur
A thin horizontal bony plate of the skull, located in the roof of the mouth.

hard rock n
hard rock
(music genre) A rock music genre marked by a heavy regular beat, high amplification, and usually frenzied performances.

hard shoulder hard shoulders n
bande d'arrêt d'urgence accotement stabilisé
A verge to the side of a highway, which should be used only in case of an emergency (especially on a motorway)

hard sign hard signs n
signe dur
The Cyrillic letter Ъ/ъ, which in modern languages serves to denote a hard (non-palatalized) consonant.

hard time hard times n
problèmes
(colloquial, countable) Difficulties; a difficult time; trouble.

hard water hard waters n
eau dure
(chemistry) Water with a high concentration of dissolved minerals, especially calcium, making it difficult to lather with soap.

hard work n
labeur
Something requiring lots of effort to do, either physical, mentally or emotionally; labor; toil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

hard-and-fast adj
strict absolu qui ne tolère pas [[d']]exception
(idiomatic, of rules, etc) strictly maintained; not subject to variation

hard-boiled more hard-boiled most hard-boiled adj
cuit dur
Cooked to a solid consistency. (of a boiled egg)

hard-nosed adj
pragmatique
(idiomatic) Hardheaded, stubborn.

hard-on /ˈhɑɹdɑn/ hard-ons n
gaule trique
(slang, vulgar) An erection of the penis.

hardback adj
relié
(of a book) Having a solid binding.

hardback hardbacks n
livre relié
A book with a solid binding.

hardboard hardboards n
aggloméré
A high-density chipboard.

hardcover adj
relié
(of a book) Having a rigid binding.

hardcover hardcovers n
livre relié
A book with a rigid binding, often of cardboard or leather.

harden /ˈhɑɹdn̩/ /ˈhɑːdn̩/ v
durcir
(intransitive) To become hard (tough, resistant to pressure).
endurcir durcir
(transitive, ergative) To make something hard or harder (tough, resistant to pressure).

hardened /ˈhɑɹd(ə)nd/ /ˈhɑːdn̩d/ more hardened most hardened adj
endurci
Having been accustomed or desensitized to something unpleasant through exposure or experience; inured.

hardening hardenings n
durcissement
The process by which something hardens.

hardhead hardheads n
fuligule austral
A brown diving duck, Aythya australis, native to Australia.

hardheaded more hardheaded most hardheaded adj
têtu
Stubborn; wilful.

hardly /ˈhɑɹdli/ /ˈhɑːdli/ hardlier hardliest more hardly most hardly adv
à peine guère
(degree) Barely, only just, almost not.
dur durement
(manner, archaic) Harshly, severely; in a hard manner.

hardness /ˈhɑɹdnəs/ /ˈhɑːdnəs/ hardnesses n
dureté
The quality of being hard.

hardpan hardpans n
alios
A distinct layer of soil that is largely impervious to water.

hardship /ˈhɑɹdˌʃɪp/ /ˈhɑːdˌʃɪp/ hardships n
misère difficultés épreuve
Difficulty or trouble; hard times.

hardstyle n
hardstyle
(music) A genre of electronic dance music that combines elements of trance, techno, and hardcore.

hardtack hardtacks n
biscuit de mer galette
(nautical) A large, hard biscuit made from unleavened flour and water; formerly used as a long-term staple food aboard ships.

hardtail hardtails n
semi-rigide
A bicycle or motorcycle without rear suspension.

hardware /ˈhɑɹdˌwɛɹ/ /ˈhɑːdˌwɛə/ n
équipement
Fixtures, equipment, tools and devices used for general-purpose construction and repair of a structure or object. Also such equipment as sold as stock by a store of the same name, e.g. hardware store.
matériel hardware matériel informatique
(computing) The part of a computer that is fixed and cannot be altered without replacement or physical modification; motherboard, expansion cards, etc. Compare software.
quincaillerie
Metal implements.
arme à feu
(slang) A firearm.

hardware store hardware stores n
quincaillerie
A merchant that sells tools, fasteners, and similar objects known collectively as hardware, as well as related sundries used in construction and repair.

hardwood /ˈhɑɹdˌwʊd/ hardwoods n
bois de feuillu bois dur
(countable, mostly in botany and forestry) The wood from any dicotyledonous tree, without regard to its hardness.

hardworking more hardworking most hardworking adj
travailleur diligent industrieux
Of a person, taking their work seriously and doing it well and rapidly.

hardy /ˈhɑɹdi/ /ˈhɑːdi/ hardier hardiest adj
robuste rustique
Having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships.

hare /hɛə/ /hɛɚ/ /hɛː/ hares n
lièvre hase
(uncountable) The meat from this animal.

harelip harelips n
bec-de-lièvre bec de lièvre
(teratology) A congenital malformation of the upper lip, reminiscent of the mouth of a hare.

harem /(ˌ)hɑːˈɹiːm/ /ˈhæɹəm/ /ˈhɑːɹiːm/ /ˈhɛəɹəm/ harems n
harem
The private section of an Arab household, traditionally forbidden to male strangers. [1841]
A group of someone's girlfriends, wives and/or concubines in a polygamous household.
A group of female animals (cows) herded and controlled by a male animal (bull) of that species for breeding purposes. Such behaviour is exhibited by bovids including cattle and buffalo as well as moose, elephants, seals, sea lions, baboons, and elephant seals.[2006]

harlequin /ˈhɑɹlɪkwɪn/ /ˈhɑːlɪkwɪn/ harlequins n
arlequin
A pantomime fool, typically dressed in colorful checkered clothes.

harlequin duck harlequin ducks n
arlequin plongeur canard arlequin garrot arlequin
A North American wild duck, Histrionicus histrionicus.

harlot /ˈhɑɹlət/ /ˈhɑːlət/ harlots n
fille de joie prostituée putain catin pute
(obsolete) A churl; a common man; a person, male or female, of low birth, especially one given to low conduct.

harlotry harlotries n
prostitution putasserie
The trade of a harlot; prostitution.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ harms n
dommage mal tort
Physical injury; hurt; damage.

harm /hɑɹm/ /hɑːm/ v
faire du mal à nuire à
To cause injury to another; to hurt; to cause damage to something.

harmal n
harmal harmel

harmful /ˈhɑɹmfl̩/ /ˈhɑːmfl̩/ harmfuller harmfullest more harmful most harmful adj
préjudiciable nuisible nocif dangereux
of a kind likely to be damaging; injurious

harmfulness harmfulnesses n
nocivité
The characteristic of being harmful.

harmless /ˈhɑɹmləs/ /ˈhɑːmləs/ more harmless most harmless adj
inoffensif
Incapable of causing harm or danger; safe.

harmlessly /ˈhɑɹmləsli/ /ˈhɑːmləsli/ more harmlessly most harmlessly adv
inoffensivement
In a harmless manner.

harmlessness harmlessnesses n
innocuité
The characteristic of being harmless.

harmolodics n
harmolodie

harmonic /hɑː(ɹ)ˈmɒnɪk/ more harmonic most harmonic adj
harmonieux mélodieux mélodique
harmonique
Pertaining to harmony.
(mathematics) Used to characterize various mathematical entities or relationships supposed to bear some resemblance to musical consonance.

harmonic mean harmonic means n
moyenne harmonique
(mathematics) A type of measure of central tendency calculated as the reciprocal of the mean of the reciprocals, i.e., H = { n \over {1 \over x_1} + {1 \over x_2} + \cdots + {1 \over x_n} }.

harmonic series harmonic series n
série harmonique
(mathematics, analysis) The divergent series whose terms are the reciprocals of the positive integers; the series \textstyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac 1 n.

harmonica /ˌhɑɹˈmɑ.nɪ.kə/ /ˌhɑɹˈmɒ.nɪ.kə/ harmonicas n
harmonica
A musical wind instrument with a series of holes for the player to blow into, each hole producing a different note

harmonicist /ˈhɑː(ɹ).mɒn.ɪ.sɪst/ harmonicists n
harmoniciste
someone who plays a harmonica

harmonious /hɑɹˈmoʊniəs/ /hɑːˈməʊnɪəs/ more harmonious most harmonious adj
harmonieux
Melodious; in harmony.

harmoniously more harmoniously most harmoniously adv
harmonieusement
In a harmonious manner; coordinately.

harmonium /hɑː(ɹ)ˈməʊniəm/ harmoniums n
harmonium
(music) A small keyboard instrument that consists of a series of reed pipes, which sound when one of the keys is pressed to open a valve that allows air to pass through.

harmonize /ˈhɑɹmənaɪz/ v
s'accorder
(intransitive) To be in harmonious agreement.
harmoniser
(transitive) To bring things into harmony, or to make things compatible.

harmony /ˈhɑɹ.mə.ni/ /ˈhɑː.mə.ni/ harmonies n
harmonie
Agreement or accord.
A pleasing combination of elements, or arrangement of sounds.
(music) The academic study of chords.
(music) Two or more notes played simultaneously to produce a chord.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ harnesses n
harnais
(countable) A restraint or support, especially one consisting of a loop or network of rope or straps, and especially one worn by a working animal such as a horse pulling a carriage or farm implement.

harness /ˈhaː.nəs/ /ˈhɑɹ.nəs/ /ˈhɑː.nəs/ v
harnacher
(transitive) To place a harness on something; to tie up or restrain.

harness saddle harness saddles n
sellette
The part of a harness which supports the weight of poles or shafts attaching a vehicle to a horse or other animal.

harp /hɑɹp/ /hɑːp/ harps n
harpe
(musical instrument) A musical instrument consisting of a body and a curved neck, strung with strings of varying length that are stroked or plucked with the fingers and are vertical to the soundboard when viewed from the end of the body

harp on v
rabâcher radoter redire ressasser
(transitive) To nag about; to complain incessantly or persistently request; to continue to bring up as a point of contention.

harp on the same string v
chanter le même refrain

harp seal /ˈhɑɹp.siːl/ /ˈhɑːp.siːl/ harp seals n
phoque du Groenland
One of species Pagophilus groenlandicus, a true seal (or earless seal) found in the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean.

harpist /ˈhɑɹpɪst/ harpists n
harpiste
Someone who plays a harp, especially a pedal harp.

harpoon /hɑːɹˈpuːn/ /hɑːˈpuːn/ harpoons n
harpon
A spearlike weapon with a barbed head used in hunting whales and large fish.

harpoon /hɑːɹˈpuːn/ /hɑːˈpuːn/ v
harponner
(transitive) To shoot something with a harpoon.

harpooner harpooners n
harponneur
A person who uses a harpoon, especially to hunt whales

harpsichord /ˈhɑɹp.sɪˌkɔɹd/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)p.sɪ.kɔː(ɹ)d/ harpsichords n
clavecin
(musical instruments) A musical instrument with a keyboard that produces sound through a mechanical process. When the performer presses a key, a corresponding plectrum plucks a tuned string. The harpsichord originated in late medieval Europe and is one of the most important instruments used to perform Baroque music.

harpsichordist harpsichordists n
claveciniste
One who plays the harpsichord.

harpy /ˈhɑɹpi/ /ˈhɑːpi/ harpies n
harpie
(mythological creature) A mythological creature generally depicted as a bird-of-prey with the head of maiden, a face pale with hunger and long claws on her hands personifying the destructive power of storm winds.
harpie chipie rosse
(derogatory) A shrewish woman.

harpy eagle harpy eagles n
harpie
(ornithology) A neotropical eagle, Harpia harpyja.

harquebus /ˈhɑɹkwɪbʌs/ /ˈhɑɹkɪbʌs/ harquebuses harquebusses n
arquebuse
An obsolete matchlock firearm.

harridan /ˈhæɹ.ɪ.dən/ /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.dən/ harridans n
casse-couilles dragon haridelle harpie mégère virago
A vicious and scolding woman, especially an older one.

harrier /ˈhæɹi.ə(ɹ)/ harriers n
busard
Any of several birds of prey in the genus Circus of the subfamily Circinae which fly low over meadows and marshes and hunt small mammals or birds.

harrow /ˈhæɹoʊ/ /ˈhæɹəʊ/ /ˈhɛɹoʊ/ harrows n
herse
A device consisting of a heavy framework having several disks or teeth in a row, which is dragged across ploughed land to smooth or break up the soil, to remove weeds or cover seeds; a harrow plow.

harrow /ˈhæɹoʊ/ /ˈhæɹəʊ/ /ˈhɛɹoʊ/ v
herser
(transitive) To drag a harrow over; to break up with a harrow.

harrowing /ˈhæɹəʊiŋ/ more harrowing most harrowing adj
navrant éprouvant
Causing pain or distress.

harrowing of hell harrowings of hell n
descente aux enfers
(mythology, theology) A raid into the underworld by a heroic figure.

harsh /hæʃ/ /hɑɹʃ/ /hɑːʃ/ harsher harshest more harsh most harsh adj
dur dure
rude sévère
Unpleasantly rough to the touch or other senses.
sévère cruel
Severe or cruel.

hart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ harts n
cerf
A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.

hart's tongue hart's tongues n
langue de cerf scolopendre
The fern Asplenium scolopendrium.

hartebeest /ˈhɑːtəbiːst/ hartebeest hartebeests n
bubale bubale roux
A type of grassland antelope, Alcelaphus buselaphus, native to parts of Africa.

hartwort hartworts n
séséli de Crète tordyle
A coarse umbelliferous plant of Europe (Tordylium maximum) or any plant of genus Tordylium.

haruspex haruspices n
haruspice
A soothsayer or priest in Ancient Rome (originally Etruscan) who practiced haruspicy, divination by inspecting entrails.

haruspicy /həˈɹʌspɪsi/ haruspicies n
extispice haruspice
Divination by use of animal entrails, usually the victims of sacrifice.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ harvests n
récolte moisson
The yield of harvesting, i.e., the gathered crops or fruits.
The season of gathering ripened crops; specifically, the time of reaping and gathering grain.

harvest /ˈhaːvəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vəst/ /ˈhɑɹ.vɪst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vəst/ /ˈhɑː(ɹ)vɪst/ v
récolter recueillir moissonner
(transitive) To bring in a harvest; reap; glean.

harvest mite harvest mites n
aoûtat aoutat
Any of various mites of the genus Trombicula that inhabit forests and grasslands and which, in their larval stage, attach to various animals including humans and feed on skin, often causing itching.

harvest mouse harvest mice n
rat des moissons souris des moissons
Micromys minutus, a species of the sub-family Murinae (Old World rats and mice).
souris des moissons d'Amérique
A New World mouse of the genus Reithrodontomys.

harvest time harvest times n
moisson
The time of year during which which harvest occurs.

harvester harvesters n
moissonneur moissonneuse
(dated) A person who gathers the harvest (harvests the crop).
moissonneuse
A machine that gathers the harvest (harvests the crop).

harvestman harvestmen n
faucheur faucheux
An order of terrestrial, non-venomous arachnids with often very long legs: Opiliones.

has-been /ˈhæz.biːn/ /ˈhæz.bɪn/ has-beens n
has-been
(pejorative) A person, especially one formerly popular or influential, who continues in their field after their popularity or effectiveness has peaked and is now in decline.

hash /ˈhæʃ/ hashes n
hachis
Food, especially meat and potatoes, chopped and mixed together. corn-beef hash
hash haschich shit teuch teuchi
(informal) Hashish, a drug derived from the cannabis plant.
croisillon dièse carré
(typography) The # symbol (octothorpe, pound).
condensat hash
(computing) The result generated by a hash function.

hash /ˈhæʃ/ v
hacher

hash function hash functions n
fonction de hachage
(computing) An algorithm that generates a numeric, or fixed-size character output from a variable-sized piece of text or other data; used in database table queries, cryptography and in error-checking.

hash tree hash trees n
arbre de hachage
(comptheory) A tree (data structure) in which every non-leaf node is labelled with the hash of the labels of its children.

hashish /hæˈʃiːʃ/ /həˈʃiːʃ/ /ˈhæʃɪʃ/ hashishes n
haschich haschisch hachisch hachich
The leaves and tender parts of the Indian hemp plant (which are intoxicating), which are dried for either chewing or smoking.

hashtag /ˈhæʃˌtæɡ/ hashtags n
hashtag mot-dièse mot-clic
(Internet) A metadata tag, signaled by a preceding hash sign (#), used to label content. [from 2007]

hasp /hæsp/ /hɑːsp/ hasps n
loquet
A clasp, especially a metal strap fastened by a padlock or a pin; also, a hook for fastening a door.

hassium /ˈhæsiəm/ n
hassium
An artificially-produced transuranic chemical element (symbol Hs) with atomic number 108.

hassle /ˈhæsl̩/ hassles n
peine tracas
Trouble, bother, unwanted annoyances or problems.
dispute lutte
A fight or argument.

hassle /ˈhæsl̩/ v
harceler
(transitive) To trouble, to bother, to annoy.
provoquer
(transitive) To pick a fight or start an argument with.

hassock /ˈhasək/ hassocks n
coussin d'agenouilloir
A cushion used primarily in churches for kneeling on while praying. [from 16th c.]
pouf
A thick cushion used as a seat; an ottoman or pouffe.

hastate /ˈhæsteɪt/ more hastate most hastate adj
hasté
(botany, of leaves) Shaped similarly to a halberd, with pointed lobes pointed outward from the base.

haste /heɪst/ hastes n
hâte
Speed; swiftness; dispatch.

haste makes waste proverb
hâte rend déchets
Being too hasty leads to wasteful mistakes.

hasten /ˈheɪ.sən/ v
dépêcher hâter
(intransitive) To move or act in a quick fashion.
hâter presser
(transitive) To make someone speed up or make something happen quicker.

hastily /ˈheɪstɪli/ more hastily most hastily adv
à la hâte hâtivement précipitamment
In a hasty manner; quickly or hurriedly.

hasty /ˈheɪsti/ hastier hastiest adj
hâtif
Acting in haste; being too hurried or quick

hat /hæt/ [hat] [hɛt] hats n
chapeau couvre-chef
A covering for the head, often in the approximate form of a cone, dome or cylinder closed at its top end, and sometimes having a brim and other decoration.
(Cambridge University slang, obsolete) A student who is also the son of a nobleman (and so allowed to wear a hat instead of a mortarboard).
casquette
(figuratively) A particular role or capacity that a person might fill.

hat trick /ˈhætɹɪk/ hat tricks n
coup du chapeau tour du chapeau
(sports, by extension) Three achievements in a single game, or similar, such as three consecutive wins.

hatband hatbands n
tour de chapeau
A band fastened around a hat.

hatch /hæt͡ʃ/ hatches n
trappe
A horizontal door in a floor or ceiling.
A small door in large mechanical structures and vehicles such as aircraft and spacecraft often provided for access for maintenance.
écoutille passe-plat
An opening in a wall at window height for the purpose of serving food or other items. A pass through.
couvée
(poultry) A group of birds that emerged from eggs at a specified time.
écoutille
(nautical) An opening through the deck of a ship or submarine

hatch /hæt͡ʃ/ v
éclore naître sortir de l'œuf
(intransitive, of young animals) To emerge from an egg.
éclore
(intransitive, of eggs) To break open when a young animal emerges from it.

hatchability n
éclosabilité
(of an egg) The state of being likely to hatch; a measure of that ability
(of a bird etc) The state of being able to produce hatchable eggs; a measure of that ability

hatchback hatchbacks n
hayon
A car with a sloping, hinged rear door that opens upwards.

hatchery /ˈhæt͡ʃəɹi/ hatcheries n
couveuse artificielle couvoir écloserie
A facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry.

hatchet /ˈhæt͡ʃɪt/ hatchets n
hachette
A small, light axe with a short handle; a tomahawk.

hatchet man hatchet men n
tueur à gages
A male professional killer or gunman.
porte-flingue
(colloquial, idiomatic) A male who carries out brutal and unpleasant duties on behalf of another, such as firing dead wood employees.

hatchment /ˈhæt͡ʃmənt/ hatchments n
obiit

hatchway hatchways n
écoutille
A means of passing through a wall or floor, having a hatch (especially on a ship); a doorway with a hatch rather than a door.

hate /heɪt/ /hæɪ̯t/ v
haïr détester
(transitive) To dislike intensely or greatly.

hate crime hate crimes n
crime haineux
A crime motivated by hate for a race, gender, religion, etc., which may result in harsh punishments, the severity of which varies by statute and the nature of the crime.

hate speech n
discours de haine
Speech that attacks or disparages a person or group of persons on the basis of origin, race, nationality, ethnicity, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability.

hated /ˈheɪtɪd/ more hated most hated adj
détesté
Disliked; odious; reviled.

hateful /ˈheɪtfəl/ hatefuller hatefullest more hateful most hateful adj
odieux
Evoking a feeling of hatred.
haineux
Full of hatred.

hatefully more hatefully most hatefully adv
haineusement
In a hateful manner.

hater /ˈheɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈheɪtɚ/ haters n
haïsseur haïsseuse
One who hates.
rageuse rageux
(slang, pejorative) One who expresses unfounded or inappropriate hatred or dislike, particularly if motivated by envy.

hatless /ˈhætləs/ adj
tête nue
Not possessing, or not wearing, a hat.

hatred /ˈheɪtɹɪd/ hatreds n
haine
Strong aversion; intense dislike.

hats off interjection
chapeau bas chapeau
(idiom, as imperative, with to) Congratulations

hatter /ˈhætə(ɹ)/ hatters n
chapelier
A person who makes, sells, or repairs hats.

hauberk /ˈhɔːbɜː(ɹ)k/ hauberks n
haubert
A coat of mail; especially, the long coat of mail of the European Middle Ages, as contrasted with the habergeon, which is shorter and sometimes sleeveless.

haughtily more haughtily most haughtily adv
avec dédain hautainement
In a haughty manner; with excessive or unwarranted pride.

haughtiness haughtinesses n
orgueil hautaineté
The state or property of being haughty; arrogance, snobbery.

haughty /ˈhɑti/ /ˈhɔːti/ haughtier haughtiest adj
hautain suffisant
Conveying in demeanour the assumption of superiority; disdainful, supercilious.

haul /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ hauls n
butin magot
An amount of something that has been taken, especially of fish, illegal loot, or items purchased on a shopping trip.

haul /hɑl/ /hɔl/ /hɔːl/ v
haler
(transitive) To draw or pull something heavy.
trainer
(transitive) To carry or transport something, with a connotation that the item is heavy or otherwise difficult to move.

haul ass v
se grouiller le cul se magner le cul
(US, vulgar, slang) To hurry; to move quickly, especially to leave.

hauler haulers n
porteur
A person or thing that hauls another person or thing.
camionneur entrepreneur de transports transporteur
A person or company engaged in the haulage of goods.

haulm /hɒm/ /hɔːm/ haulms n
fane
(countable) An individual plant stem.

haunt /hænt/ /hɑːnt/ /hɔːnt/ haunts n
point de rencontre
A place at which one is regularly found; a habitation or hangout.

haunt /hænt/ /hɑːnt/ /hɔːnt/ v
hanter
(transitive) To inhabit or to visit frequently (most often used in reference to ghosts).
(transitive) To make uneasy, restless.
demeurer
(intransitive, now, rare) To live habitually; to stay, to remain.

haunted /ˈhɑntɪd/ /ˈhɔːntɪd/ hauntedest more haunted most haunted adj
hanté
Of a location, frequented by a ghost or ghosts.
obsédé
Obsessed (by an idea, threat, etc.).

haunted house haunted houses n
maison hantée
A amusement attraction in which a building or series of rooms is decorated to frighten the people who pass through.

haunting hauntings n
hantise
A particular instance of haunting; a ghostly habitation.

haut gout n
haut-goût
(archaic) A slight taint of decay, particularly in wild game meat, that used to be considered desirable; approximately, gaminess.

haute cuisine /əʊt kwɪˈziːn/ n
grande cuisine
Refined cookery, especially when practiced as an art form.

have /heɪv/ /hæf/ /hæv/ /həv/ /ə/ /əv/ v
avoir être
(transitive) To possess, own.
(auxiliary verb, taking a past participle) Used in forming the perfect aspect.
prendre avoir
(transitive) To be scheduled to attend, undertake or participate in.
passer
To experience, go through, undergo.
avoir
To be afflicted with, suffer from.
(transitive) To engage in sexual intercourse with.
(informal, often passive) To trick, to deceive.
faire
(transitive with bare infinitive) To cause to, by a command, request or invitation.
prendre
(transitive) To host someone; to take in as a guest.

have a ball v
s'amuser comme un petit fou s'éclater
(idiomatic) To enjoy oneself thoroughly; to have lots of fun or excitement.

have a bone to pick v
avoir une dent contre quelqu'un
(idiomatic, usually followed by with) To have a complaint or grievance (with somebody); to have a contentious issue to discuss.

have a bun in the oven v
avoir un polichinelle dans le tiroir avoir une brioche au four avoir le ballon avoir le gros ventre être en cloque être grosse
(informal, sometimes considered, _, vulgar) To be pregnant; to be expecting a baby.

have a crack at v
s'essayer à
To attempt (something); to try to do (something).

have a mind of one's own v
juger par [[soi-même]] penser par [[soi-même]]

have a nice day phraseologicalUnit
bonne journée
(US, Canada, rather formal) . A polite parting during daytime.
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see have,‎ a,‎ nice,‎ day.

have a point v
marquer un point
To express a correct or valid idea.

have a safe trip home phraseologicalUnit
bon retour rentre bien rentrez bien

have a say v
avoir son mot à dire avoir voix au chapitre
(idiom, intransitive) To (receive the opportunity to) voice one's opinion.

have a screw loose v
avoir un grain avoir une case de vide avoir une case en moins ne pas tourner rond avoir un pète au casque
(slang) To be insane, irrational, or eccentric.

have a seat v
asseoir prendre place
To sit down; to take a seat.
asseyez-vous
(idiomatic) A polite directive to sit down

have a way with v
savoir y faire
(idiomatic, informal) To be skilled, adept, or graceful with or at (something).

have a whale of a time v
s'amuser comme un petit fou s'éclater
(idiomatic) To enjoy oneself greatly.

have another think coming v
se faire des films se faire des idées se mettre le doigt dans l'œil
(idiom) To be deluded, to be mistaken; to need to rethink something one has determined; to need to reconsider one's plans or expectations.

have bats in one's belfry v
avoir une araignée au plafond
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be crazy or eccentric.

have been around v
ne pas être né de la dernière pluie

have blood on one's hands v
avoir du sang sur les mains
(idiomatic) To be responsible for a violent act.

have butterflies in one's stomach v
papillons dans le ventre

have designs on v
avoir des vues sur

have eyes bigger than one's stomach v
avoir les yeux plus gros que le ventre
(idiomatic) To take more food on one's plate than one can eat; to be greedy.

have eyes for v
n'avoir d'yeux que pour

have eyes in the back of one's head v
avoir des yeux dans le dos avoir des yeux derrière la tête
(idiomatic) To be particularly, especially uncannily, observant; a perceived ability to see in all directions at once.

have fun interjection
[[amuser|amuse-toi]] bien ! [[amuser|amusez-vous]] bien !
Used to wish somebody a good and enjoyable time when they are about to do something.

have fun v
amuser égayer
To enjoy oneself; to experience enjoyable activities.

have had it v
n’en plus pouvoir
(idiomatic) To have endured all that one can.

have had it up to here v
en avoir jusque-là
(idiomatic) To have become very frustrated or angry; to have reached the limit of one's patience or forbearance.

have in mind v
avoir en tête
(transitive, idiomatic) To consider, to contemplate, to intend.

have it coming v
le chercher
(idiomatic) To deserve or merit, as the consequences of one's actions.

have it in for v
avoir une dent contre en avoir après
(transitive, colloquial) To be very angry with; to have a grudge against; to intend revenge against.

have it your way phraseologicalUnit
comme tu veux comme tu voudras fais comme tu veux
(idiomatic) Do something the way you want to, but be prepared for the consequences.

have legs v
avoir la peau dure avoir la vie dure
(idiomatic) To have endurance; to have prospects to exist or go on for a long time.

have one foot in the grave v
avoir un pied dans la tombe sentir le sapin

have one's cake and eat it too v
avoir le beurre et l'argent du beurre
(idiomatic) To benefit by having two things which are mutually incompatible (such as eating a piece of cake and yet still possessing that piece for future use).

have one's finger on the pulse v
prendre le pouls
To understand (something) well.

have one's hand in the till v
taper dans la caisse
(idiomatic) To embezzle, to steal from one's place of business.

have one's hands tied v
avoir les mains liées
To be powerless to act, to be thwarted.

have one's head screwed on v
avoir la tête sur les épaules garder la tête sur les épaules

have one's heart in one's boots v
avoir le moral dans les chaussettes
(UK, informal) To feel very sad.

have one's heart in the right place v
avoir bon cœur avoir bon fond
(idiomatic) To have good intentions.

have one's tubes tied v
se faire ligaturer les trompes (de Fallope)

have one's work cut out for one v
avoir du pain sur la planche

have other fish to fry v
avoir d'autres chats à fouetter
(idiom) To have more important things to do.

have second thoughts v
hésiter
(idiomatic) To change one's opinion, or be uneasy about a previous decision.

have seen better days v
avoir fait son temps
(euphemistic, of a person or thing) To be in poor condition, to be worn out.

have sex v
avoir des relations sexuelles baiser faire l'amour
To engage in any sexual act.

have someone's ear v
avoir [[l']]attention de [[quelqu'un]] avoir du crédit auprès de [[quelqu'un]]

have something on good authority v
savoir de source sûre

have the blues v
avoir le cafard broyer du noir
(idiomatic, informal) To be depressed; to have low morale; to feel sad.

have the floor v
avoir la parole

have the foggiest v
ne pas avoir la moindre idée
(informal, usually with a negative) To know, understand or have a clue.

have the wolf by the ear v
tenir le loup par les oreilles
(idiomatic) To be in a dangerous situation from which one cannot disengage, but in which one cannot safely remain.

have to /ˈhæf.tu/ /ˈhæf.tə/ /ˈhæv.tuː/ v
devoir avoir à falloir
Must; need to; to be urged to; to be required to; indicates obligation.
devoir
(with be) Must; expresses a logical conclusion.

have-nots n
démunis
The poor or underprivileged, contrasted with those who have possessions, power or wealth: the haves.

haven /ˈheɪvən/ havens n
havre port
(slightly, dated) A harbour or anchorage protected from the sea.
abri havre refuge asile havre de paix
(by extension) A peaceful place.

haves /hævz/ n
nantis
The wealthy or privileged, contrasted to those who are poor or deprived: the have-nots.

havoc /ˈhævək/ /ˈhævɪk/ havocs n
bazar chaos dévastation
Widespread devastation and destruction.
chaos
Mayhem.

haw /hɔː/ interjection
dia
An instruction for a horse or other animal to turn towards the driver, typically left.

haw /hɔː/ haws n
haie
(historical) A hedge.

hawfinch hawfinches n
gros-bec
A large Eurasian finch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes), with a thick bill.

hawk /hɑk/ /hɔk/ /hɔːk/ hawks n
faucon autour
A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.
(politics) An advocate of aggressive political positions and actions. [from 1962]

hawk /hɑk/ /hɔk/ /hɔːk/ v
vendre
(transitive) To sell; to offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle.

hawk owl hawk owls n
chouette épervière épervière boréale
The northern hawk owl, Surnia ulula.

hawkbit hawkbits n
liondent
Any dandelion-like flower of the genera Leontodon, Scorzoneroides, and others in subtribe Hypochaeridinae, in the family Asteraceae.

hawkish /ˈhɑːkɪʃ/ /ˈhɔːkɪʃ/ more hawkish most hawkish adj
bagarreur batailleur
Supportive of warlike foreign policy; bellicose; inclined toward military action.

hawknose hawknoses n
nez aquilin nez en bec d'aigle

hawksbeard hawksbeards n
crépis
Any of various annual and perennial flowering plants of the genus Crepis, superficially resembling the dandelion.

hawksbill turtle hawksbill turtles n
tortue imbriquée
A sea turtle species (Eretmochelys imbricata).

hawsehole hawseholes n
écubier
(nautical) The hole through which a ship's anchor rope is passed.

hawser hawsers n
aussière
(nautical) A cable or heavy rope used to tow or moor a ship.

hawthorn /ˈhɔ.θɔɹn/ /ˈhɔː.θɔːn/ hawthorns n
aubépine
Any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Crataegus having small, apple-like fruits and thorny branches

hawthorn berry /ˈhɑθɔɹn ˌbɛɹi/ /ˈhɔːθɔːn ˌbɛɹi/ /ˈhɔθɔɹn ˌbɛɹi/ hawthorn berries n
cenelle
The edible fruit of the hawthorn.

hay /heɪ/ hays n
foin
(uncountable) Grass cut and dried for use as animal fodder.

hay fever hay fevers n
rhume des foins
(pathology, immunology) An allergy to the pollen of grass or other plants that causes symptoms similar to those of a cold; pollinosis.

hayloft haylofts n
fenil grenier à foin
The upper storey of a barn used for storing hay.

haymaking haymakings n
fenaison
The cutting of grass and subsequently curing it to make hay as fodder for animals.

hayrack hayracks n
râtelier
A freestanding vertical drying-rack for animal fodder.

haystack /ˈheɪˌstæk/ haystacks n
meule de foin
A mound, pile, or stack of stored hay.

hazard /ˈhaz.əd/ /ˈhæ.zɚd/ hazards n
danger hasard
The chance of suffering harm; danger, peril, risk of loss. [from 16th c.]
hasard
(golf) A sand or water obstacle on a golf course.

hazard /ˈhaz.əd/ /ˈhæ.zɚd/ v
hasarder tenter
To expose to chance; to take a risk.

hazard light hazard lights n
feux de détresse
One of multiple lights fitted to the front and rear of a vehicle, used to warn other drivers of a dangerous situation, typically when the vehicle is not working properly.

hazardous /-dəs/ /ˈhæ.zɚ.dɪs/ more hazardous most hazardous adj
hasardeux
Risky; dangerous; with the nature of a hazard.

haze /heɪz/ hazes n
brume poudroiement
Very fine solid particles (smoke, dust) or liquid droplets (moisture) suspended in the air, slightly limiting visibility. (Compare fog, mist.)
trouble
A reduction of transparency of a clear gas or liquid.
voile
An analogous dullness on a surface that is ideally highly reflective or transparent.
brouillard trouble
(figuratively) Any state suggestive of haze in the atmosphere, such as mental confusion or vagueness of memory.

haze /heɪz/ v
bizuter
(US, informal) To perform an unpleasant initiation ritual upon a usually non-consenting individual, especially freshmen to a closed community such as a college fraternity or military unit.

hazel /ˈheɪzəl/ adj
noisette
Of a greenish-brown colour. (often used to refer to eye colour)

hazel /ˈheɪzəl/ hazels n
noisetier avelinier
(countable) A tree or shrub of the genus Corylus, bearing edible nuts called hazelnuts or filberts.
noisetier
(uncountable) The wood of a hazelnut tree.
noisette
(countable, and, uncountable) A greenish-brown colour, the colour of a ripe hazelnut.

hazel grouse hazel grouses n
gélinotte des bois
A bird in the grouse family, Tetrastes bonasia, native to most of temperate-cool Eurasia.

hazelnut /ˈheɪzəlnʌt/ /ˈheɪzəlˌnʌt/ hazelnuts n
noisette aveline
The fruit of the hazel, especially Corylus avellana, which is grown commercially.

hazing /ˈheɪzɪŋ/ hazings n
bizutage
(US, Philippines) An initiation or behavior that involves humiliation, harassment or abuse, particularly in universities and in the military.

hazy /ˈheɪzi/ hazier haziest adj
brumeux
Thick or obscured with haze.
brumeux flou trouble vague
Not clear or transparent.
brumeux obscur
Obscure; confused; not clear.

hazzan hazzanim hazzans n
hazzan
(Judaism) A Jewish cantor in a synagogue.

he /heɪ/ n
he hè hê
The name of the fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

he /hi/ /i/ /ˈhiː/ [hi] [çi] pronoun
il lui
(personal, sometimes, _, proscribed, see usage notes) They; he or she (a person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant).

he he he interjection
hé hé hé
A laugh.

he shoots, he scores phraseologicalUnit
lance et compte tire et le but
Said as someone scores a goal.

he who laughs last laughs best /ˈhi hu ˈlæfs ˈlæst ˈlæfs ˈbɛst/ /ˈhiː huː ˈlɑːfs ˈlɑːst ˈlɑːfs ˈbɛst/ proverb
rira bien qui rira le dernier tel qui rit vendredi, dimanche pleurera
Success is enjoyed more after having previously endured ridicule.

he who smelt it dealt it proverb
premier senteur, premier péteur
(colloquial, originally) A person who calls attention to or complains about a flatus is likely trying to pretend it wasn't their own.
(colloquial, by extension) Used to suggest that a person calling attention to or complaining about a given problem may in fact be the source of the problem.

he's unconscious phraseologicalUnit
il est inconscient
Indicates that a male person is currently not conscious.

he-ass he-asses n
mâle de l'âne âne âne mâle
A male ass, male donkey.

he-cat he-cats n
matou
A male cat; a tomcat.

he/she pronoun
iel
He or she; , used as a gender-neutral reference to the third person singular.

head /ˈhɛd/ head heads n
aptitudes dispositions tête
Mental or emotional aptitude or skill.
tête caboche
(countable) The part of the body of an animal or human which contains the brain, mouth, and main sense organs.
The end of a hammer, axe, golf club, or similar implement used for striking other objects.
The end of a nail, screw, bolt, or similar fastener which is opposite the point; usually blunt and relatively wide.
bout tête
(countable) The topmost, foremost, or leading part.
mousse chapeau de mousse
(uncountable, countable) The foam that forms on top of beer or other carbonated beverages.
point de drisse
The top edge of a sail.
chef tête
(metonymy) Leader; chief; mastermind.
directeur directrice
(metonymy) A headmaster or headmistress.
cabinet de toilettes tinettes
(nautical) The toilet of a ship.
capitule
A clump of seeds, leaves or flowers; a capitulum.
point de drisse cabinet de toilettes noyau tinettes
(linguistics) A morpheme that determines the category of a compound or the word that determines the syntactic type of the phrase of which it is a member.
tête cabinet de toilettes tinettes
The source of a river; the end of a lake where a river flows into it.

head /ˈhɛd/ v
chapeauter commander diriger
(transitive) To be in command of. (See also head up.)
faire une tête
(transitive) To strike with the head; as in soccer, to head the ball
diriger aller courir
(intransitive) To move in a specified direction.

head covering head coverings n
couvre-chef
A covering for the head.

head honcho head honchos n
grand chef grand manitou patron
(informal) The person in charge; the highest-ranking person in an organization.

head in the clouds phraseologicalUnit
avoir la tête dans les nuages être dans la lune être dans les nuages
(metaphorical, usually with have or with) Used to indicate that a person has fantastic or impractical dreams

head of government heads of government n
chef du gouvernement
The chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet; usually called Prime Minister (in a parliamentary system) or President (in a presidential system).

head of hair heads of hair n
chevelure
All the hair that covers the scalp of a person (excludes the beard and moustache)

head of household heads of household n
chef de famille
The person responsible for governing a group that lives together, such as a family.

head of state heads of state n
chef d'État chef d’État
The chief public representative of a nation having duties, privileges and responsibilities varying greatly depending on the constitutional rules; a monarch in a monarchy, and often styled president in a republic, but variations such as collegiality exist.

head office head offices n
agence centrale
The main administrative centre for a company or organisation.

head over heels /ˌhɛd oʊ.vɚ ˈhilz/ /ˌhɛd əʊ.və ˈhiːlz/ adj
fou amoureux
Hopelessly smitten; madly in love.

head over heels /ˌhɛd oʊ.vɚ ˈhilz/ /ˌhɛd əʊ.və ˈhiːlz/ adv
jambes par-dessus tête
Tumbling upside down; somersaulting.
follement fou à la folie éperdument
(usually with in love) Hopelessly; madly; to distraction; deeply; utterly.

head start head starts n
longueur d’avance avance
(idiomatic) An advantage consisting in starting a competition or task earlier than might be expected; given (or taken), for example, prior to the beginning of a race.

head to toe adv
de pied en cap depuis les pieds jusqu’à la tête des pieds à la tête de la tête aux pieds
(idiomatic) Entirely; completely; over one's full body.
tête-bêche
In reversed positions; in a lying position of two people where each person's feet are juxtaposed with the other person's head.

head voice head voices n
voix de tête

head-on adj
frontal
Of a collision, from the front or in the direction of motion.

head-on collision head-on collisions n
collision frontale
(transport) A collision where the front ends of two vehicles (such as ships, trains, cars, planes, etc.) hit each other, as opposed to a side-collision or rear-end collision.

head-to-head /ˌhɛd tu ˈhɛd/ /ˌhɛd tə ˈhɛd/ adv
tête-à-tête
Facing one another.
Directly, one-to-one.

headache /ˈhɛdeɪk/ headaches n
mal de tête céphalée
A pain or ache in the head.
casse-tête mal de tête
(figurative) A nuisance or unpleasant problem.

headband /ˈhɛdˌbænd/ headbands n
bandeau serre-tête
A strip of fabric worn around the head.
tranchefile
A strip of fabric attached to the top of the spine of a book; used as decoration and reinforcement.

headboard headboards n
tête de lit
A vertical panel, either plain or upholstered, attached to the head of a bed.

headbutt /ˈhɛdbʌt/ headbutts n
coup de boule coup de tête
A sharp blow delivered by driving the head into an opponent or object, generally by lowering the head and charging forward or by rapidly tilting the head backward and then forward.

headbutt /ˈhɛdbʌt/ v
donner un coup de boule donner un coup de tête
To deliver a sharp blow by driving the head into an opponent or object.

headdress headdresses n
couvre-chef
A decorative covering or ornament worn on the head.

header /ˈhɛdə/ /ˈhɛdɚ/ headers n
en-tête
The upper portion of a page (or other) layout.
chapeau
Text, or other visual information, used to mark off a quantity of text, often titling or summarizing it.
en-tête header
(computing) The first part of a file or record that describes its contents.
boutisse
(masonry) A brick that is laid sideways at the top of a wall or within the brickwork with the short side showing.
linteau
A horizontal structural or finish piece over an opening.
tête
(soccer) The act of hitting the ball with the head.

headgear /ˈhɛdɡɪə(ɹ)/ headgears n
couvre-chef
(uncountable) Anything worn on the head, such as a hat, hood, helmet, etc.

headhouse headhouses n
bâtiment des voyageurs
The portion of a passenger railway terminal not housing the tracks and platforms, comprising ticket counters, baggage facilities, etc.

headhunter headhunters n
chasseur de têtes
(anthropology) A person who practises headhunting, the taking and preserving of a person's head after killing them.
One who recruits senior personnel for a company.

headhunting headhuntings n
chasse aux têtes
(anthropology) The practice of cutting off and preserving the head of one's enemy.

heading /ˈhɛdɪŋ/ headings n
titre
The title or topic of a document, article, chapter, or of a section thereof.
cap orientation
(nautical and aeronautical) The direction into which a seagoing or airborne vessel's bow is pointing (apparent heading) and/or the direction into which it is actually moving relative to the ground (true heading)

headlamp headlamps n
phare
A flashlight worn on the head.

headless /ˈhɛdləs/ adj
acéphale décapité tête
Without a head; decapitated.

headlight headlights n
phare
A bright light, with a lens and reflector, on the front of a motor vehicle (or originally a ship or train), designed to illuminate the road when driving at night; normally one of a pair.

headline /ˈhɛd.laɪn/ headlines n
manchette titre
(journalism) The heading or title of a magazine or newspaper article.

headlock headlocks n
cravate
A wrestling move where the attacker puts their arm tightly round their opponent's head, which the opponent can't easily escape from.

headlong /ˈhɛd.lɑŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɒŋ/ /ˈhɛd.lɔŋ/ adv
la tête la première
With the head first or down.

headmaster /ˈhɛdˌmæstɚ/ /ˈhɛdˌmɑːstə/ headmasters headmistress n
proviseur directeur principal
(chiefly, UK, Irish) A male school principal.

headmistress headmaster headmistresses n
directrice proviseure proviseuse
(chiefly, British, Irish) A female school principal.

headphone /ˈhɛdfoʊn/ /ˈhɛdfəʊn/ headphones n
écouteur
A cushioned speaker placed on, over, or inside the ear, normally used in left/right pairs.

headphones n
casque écouteurs
A pair of cushioned speakers worn over or in the ears so only the wearer can hear the sound.

headpiece headpieces n
dessus de la tete

headquarters /ˈhɛd.ˌkwɔɹ.tɚz/ /ˌhɛd.ˈkwɔː.təz/ headquarters n
quartier général
The military installation from which troops are commanded and orders are issued; the military unit consisting of a commander and his support staff.
siège siège social
The center of an organization's operations or administration.

headrest headrests n
appui-tête repose-tête
The part of a seat designed to support the sitter's head.

heads /hɛdz/ n
face
The side of a coin that bears the picture of the head of state or similar.

heads or tails n
pile ou face
(idiomatic) The practice of flipping a coin in the air, to choose between two alternatives based on which side lands face up.

heads up interjection
attention
(idiomatic) Used as an informal warning, caution, or call for attention; pay attention!

heads will roll phraseologicalUnit
des têtes vont tomber
(idiomatic) Some people will be fired for incompetence.

heads-up heads-up heads-ups n
alerte avertissement rappel
(chiefly, US, idiomatic) A warning or call to pay attention; an advisory notice; a notice of what is to happen; a holler.

headsail /ˈhɛdˌseɪl/ /ˈhɛdˌsəl/ headsails n
voile d'avant
(nautical) Any sail (of a sailing vessel) set forward of the foremost mast.

headscarf headscarfs headscarves n
foulard écharpe
A more or less square piece of material worn over the head, typically by women, often to protect the hair, or for religious reasons.

headset /ˈhɛdsɛt/ headsets n
casque casque avec microphone casque-micro micro-casque
A pair of headphones or earphones, or a singular headphone or earphone, typically with an attached microphone.
jeu de direction
(cycling) On a bicycle, the system of bearings that connects the fork to the frame.

headshot headshots n
tir dans la tête
A gunshot to the head.

headstall /ˈhɛdstɔːl/ headstalls n
têtière
The part of a bridle that fits over a horse's head and supports other elements. [from 14th c.]

headstand headstands n
poirier
The act of standing on one's head.
The position of standing on one's head.

headstrong more headstrong most headstrong adj
obstiné
Determined to do as one pleases, and not as others want.

headwaiter headwaiters n
maître d’hôtel
A waiter who has a supervisory position over the other wait staff; chief waiter.

headwaters /ˈhɛdˌwɑtɝz/ n
source
The source of a river, the set of streams that feed into the river's beginning.

headwind /ˈhɛdˌwɪnd/ v
vent debout vent contraire
(transitive, uncommon) To blow directly against the course of a vehicle, like an aircraft, train, or ship.

headword /ˈhɛdwɜːd/ /ˈhɛdwɝd/ headwords n
mot vedette vedette
A word used as the title of a section, particularly in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or thesaurus.

heal /hiːl/ v
traiter
guérir assainir
(transitive) To make better from a disease, wound, etc.; to revive or cure.
guérir
(intransitive) To become better or healthy again.

healer /ˈhilɚ/ /ˈhiːlə(ɹ)/ healers n
guérisseur guérisseuse
One who heals, especially through faith.

healing /ˈhiːlɪŋ/ healings n
guérison
The psychological process of dealing with a problem or problems.

health /hɛlθ/ [hɛl̪θ] healths n
santé forme
The state of being free from physical or psychological disease, illness, or malfunction; wellness. [from 11th c.]
santé
A state of well-being or balance, often physical but sometimes also mental and social; the overall level of function of an organism from the cellular (micro) level to the social (macro) level.
Physical condition.
PV point de vie
(video games) The amount of damage an in-game object can withstand before it is destroyed.

health care n
soins de santé
The prevention, treatment, and management of illness or the preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by the medical, nursing, and allied health professions.

health club /ˈhɛlθ ˌkləb/ health clubs n
centre de fitness centre de remise en form
A facility with exercise equipment, and sometimes instructors, open to the public or those on some membership list.

health fund health funds n
caisse de maladie caisse maladie
A not-for-profit or a public health insurance company, usually found in health care systems in Central Europe, such as Germany.

health insurance health insurances n
assurance maladie
Insurance against incurring medical expenses among individuals.

healthful healthfuller healthfullest more healthful most healthful adj
sain
Beneficial to bodily health.

healthily more healthily most healthily adv
sainement
In a healthy manner.

healthy /ˈhɛl.θi/ healthier healthiest more healthy most healthy adj
sain en bonne santé
Enjoying good health; well; free from disease or disorder.
Evincing health.
bon pour la santé sain
Conducive to health.

heap /heːp/ /hiːp/ heaps n
tas monceau pile
A pile or mass; a collection of things laid in a body, or thrown together so as to form an elevation.
tas
A great number or large quantity of things.
tas pile
(computing) A data structure consisting of trees in which each node is greater than all its children.

hear /hjɜː/ /hɪə(ɹ)/ /hɪɚ/ v
entendre
(intransitive, stative) To perceive sounds through the ear. [from 10th c.]
(transitive, stative) To perceive (a sound, or something producing a sound) with the ear, to recognize (something) in an auditory way. [from 10th c.]
entendre apprendre ouïr dire
(transitive) To receive information about; to come to learn of. [from 10th c.]

hear out v
écouter jusqu'au bout
(idiomatic, transitive) To listen to someone until that person has finished speaking; to thoroughly consider all aspects of someone's argument.

hear ye interjection
oyez

hearing /ˈhiːɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪəɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈhɪːɹ.ɪŋ/ hearings n
ouïe
(uncountable) The sense used to perceive sound.
audience audition
(uncountable) A proceeding at which discussions are heard.
(countable, legal) A legal procedure done before a judge, without a jury, as with an evidentiary hearing.

hearing aid hearing aids n
appareil auditif audioprothèse audiophone prothèse auditive sonotone
A device used to help the hard of hearing to hear sounds.

hearing-impaired more hearing-impaired most hearing-impaired adj
malentendant
Having some degree of deafness; hard of hearing.

hearsay hearsays n
ouï-dire rumeur on-dit
Information that was heard by one person about another that cannot be adequately substantiated.
ouï-dire on-dit
(law) Evidence based on the reports of others, which is normally inadmissible because it was not made under oath, rather than on personal knowledge.
ouï-dire
(law) An out-of-court statement offered in court for the truth of the matter asserted, which is normally inadmissible because it is not subject to cross-examination unless the hearsay statement falls under one of a number of exceptions.

hearse /hɜːs/ /hɝs/ hearses n
corbillard
A carriage or vehicle specially adapted or used for transporting a dead person to the place of funeral or to the grave.

heart /hɑɹt/ /hɑːt/ hearts n
cœur coeur
(anatomy) A muscular organ that pumps blood through the body, traditionally thought to be the seat of emotion.
A conventional shape or symbol used to represent the heart, love, or emotion: ♥.
(figurative) The centre, essence, or core.
cœur
The seat of the affections or sensibilities, collectively or separately, as love, hate, joy, grief, courage, etc.; rarely, the seat of the understanding or will; usually in a good sense; personality.
(card games) A playing card of the suit hearts featuring one or more heart-shaped symbols.

heart attack heart attacks n
crise cardiaque infarctus du myocarde
(cardiology) An acute myocardial infarction, sometimes fatal, caused by the sudden occurrence of coronary thrombosis, which obstructs the blood supply to the heart and leads to necrosis of heart muscle tissue.

heart disease heart diseases n
maladie cardiaque
a disease which affects the functions of the heart.

heart failure heart failures n
insuffisance cardiaque
(cardiology, pathology) The chronic inability of the heart to pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body, leading to a pooling of blood and shortness of breath.

heart murmur heart murmurs n
souffle cardiaque
A sound produced when blood is pumped across a heart valve, loud enough to be heard with a stethoscope and often (but not necessarily) indicative of a physiological defect in the heart.

heart of gold hearts of gold n
avoir le cœur sur la main cœur d'or cœur en or
(idiomatic) a kind, compassionate, or caring attitude; kindheartedness.

heart of hearts hearts of hearts n
for intérieur
(idiomatic) One's innermost private feelings.

heart of palm hearts of palm n
palmite
A vegetable harvested from the inner core and growing bud of certain palm trees, especially the peach palm (Bactris gasipaes), which is often grown for the purpose.

heart of stone hearts of stone n
cœur de pierre
(figuratively, idiom) A hardhearted character, stern or cruel nature.

heart rate heart rates n
fréquence cardiaque
The number of heart beats per unit of time, usually expressed as beats per minute.

heart rate monitor heart rate monitors n
cardiofréquencemètre
A wearable device that allows a user to measure their heart rate in real time, usually consisting of a chest strap transmitter and a wrist receiver.

heart surgeon heart surgeons n
chirurgien cardiaque
A surgeon of the heart.

heart valve heart valves n
valve cardiaque
(anatomy, cardiology) Any of the valves in the heart which prevent blood from moving in the wrong direction.

heart-breaking more heart-breaking most heart-breaking adj
déchirant
(idiomatic) That causes extreme sorrow or grief.

heart-lung machine heart-lung machines n
cœur-poumon artificiel

heart-shaped more heart-shaped most heart-shaped adj
cordiforme en forme de cœur en cœur
Having the traditional shape of a heart (♥), that is pointed at one end and indented at the opposite side.

heart-warming more heart-warming most heart-warming adj
attendrissant qui fait chaud au cœur touchant
Eliciting cosy feelings of tenderness and sympathy.

heartache /ˈhɑːteɪk/ heartaches n
chagrin d'amour peine de cœur
Very sincere and difficult emotional problems or stress.

heartbeat /ˈhɑɹtˌbit/ /ˈhɑːtˌbiːt/ [ˈhɑɹʔbiʔ] heartbeats n
pulsation battement
One pulsation of the heart; especially an irregular one, hence the emotion which causes it.
rythme cardiaque
The rhythm at which a heart pulsates, a cardiac indicator.

heartbreak /hɑɹt.bɹeɪk/ /hɑːt.bɹeɪk/ heartbreaks n
crève-cœur
overwhelming mental anguish or grief, especially that caused by loss or disappointment.

heartbreaker /hɑɹt.bɹeɪ.kɚ/ /hɑːt.bɹeɪ.kə/ heartbreakers n
casse-cœur
A person, usually attractive, who flirts with or otherwise enamours another person, but does not reciprocate their love.

heartbreaking more heartbreaking most heartbreaking adj
déchirant navrant
That causes great grief, anguish or distress.

heartburn heartburns n
brûlures d'estomac brûlure
(pathology) A burning pain in the chest that is caused by stomach acid entering the gullet.

hearten /ˈhɑɹtn̩/ /ˈhɑːtn̩/ v
encourager
(transitive) To give heart to; to encourage, urge on, cheer, give confidence to.

heartening more heartening most heartening adj
encourageant
Cheerfully encouraging.

heartfelt /ˈhɑːt.fɛlt/ /ˈhɑːɹt.fɛlt/ more heartfelt most heartfelt adj
sincère
Believed or felt deeply and sincerely.

hearth /hæθ/ /hɑɹθ/ /hɑːθ/ /hɜːɹθ/ hearths n
âtre foyer
A hearthstone, either as standalone or as the floor of an enclosed fireplace or oven.
foyer foyers
(figurative) Home or family life.

hearthrug hearthrugs n
tapis du foyer
A rug placed in front of a fireplace, on the hearth.

heartily /ˈhɑɹtɪli/ /ˈhɑːtɪli/ more heartily most heartily adv
chaleureusement
In a hearty manner.

heartland /-lænd/ /-ˌlænd/ /ˈhɑɹtlənd/ /ˈhɑːtlənd/ heartlands n
centre
The interior part of a region, especially when contrasted with coastal parts or when regarded as particularly powerful or significant.

heartless /ˈhɑɹt.lɪs/ /ˈhɑːt.lɪs/ more heartless most heartless adj
sans-cœur
Without feeling, emotion, or concern for others; uncaring. [from 16th c.]

heartlessly more heartlessly most heartlessly adv
cruellement sans cœur
In a heartless manner.

hearts /hɑɹts/ /hɑːts/ n
cœur
(uncountable) One of the four suits of playing cards, in red, marked with the symbol ♥.
(card games, uncountable) A trick-taking card game in which players are penalized for taking hearts and (especially) the queen of spades.

heartwood heartwoods n
duramen bois de cœur bois parfait
The wood nearer the heart of a stem or branch, different in color from the sapwood.

heartwrenchingly more heartwrenchingly most heartwrenchingly adv
à pleurer

hearty /ˈhɑɹti/ /ˈhɑːti/ heartier heartiest adj
cordial copieux
Promoting strength; nourishing.

heat /hit/ /hiːt/ [çit] heats n
chaleur
(uncountable) Thermal energy.
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being hot.
(countable) A hot spell.
piquant
(uncountable) An attribute of a spice that causes a burning sensation in the mouth.
excitation chaleur
(uncountable) A period of intensity, particularly of emotion.
chaleur rut
(uncountable) A condition where a mammal is aroused sexually or where it is especially fertile and therefore eager to mate; oestrus.
warm up
(countable) A preliminary race, used to determine the participants in a final race
chauffe
(countable) One cycle of bringing metal to maximum temperature and working it until it is too cool to work further.
flicaille
(uncountable, slang) The police.
artillerie
(uncountable, slang) One or more firearms.

heat /hit/ /hiːt/ [çit] v
chauffer réchauffer échauffer
(transitive) To cause an increase in temperature of (an object or space); to cause to become hot (often with "up").
exciter
(transitive, figurative) To excite ardour in; to rouse to action; to excite to excess; to inflame, as the passions.

heat capacity heat capacities n
capacité thermique
(physics) The capability of a system to absorb heat energy; the amount of thermal energy required to raise the temperature of a system by one temperature unit without any change of phase.

heat death of the universe pn
mort thermique de l'univers
(cosmology, thermodynamics) A theoretical future state of the universe in which the universe attains thermodynamic equilibrium and a further increase of entropy is no longer possible.

heat island heat islands n
îlot de chaleur

heat map heat maps n
carte thermique
A two-dimensional graphic representation of data in which different values are represented by different colours.

heat of vaporization heats of vaporization n
énergie de vaporisation

heat pump heat pumps n
pompe à chaleur thermopompe
A device that transfers thermal energy between spaces using a refrigeration cycle, usually between an enclosed space and the outdoors.

heat shield heat shields n
bouclier thermique

heat shrink heat shrinks n
gaine thermorétractable
A plastic tube that shrinks when heated, used as a mantle for wiring.

heat sink heat sinks n
dissipateur thermique
(thermodynamics) A material capable of absorbing heat.

heat stroke heat strokes n
coup de chaleur
(medicine, countable, or, uncountable) An illness caused by overheating a person or animal beyond its body's capacity to regulate internal temperature.

heat up v
chauffer
To heat, to cause to become hotter.

heater /ˈhitɚ/ /ˈhiːtə/ heaters n
radiateur
A device that produces and radiates heat, typically to raise the temperature of a room or building.
calibre gun pétard
(dated, slang) A gun.

heath /hiːθ/ heaths n
bruyère lande
A tract of level uncultivated land with sandy soil and scrubby vegetation; heathland.
bruyère
Any small evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ adj
païen
Not adhering to an Abrahamic religion; pagan.

heathen /ˈhiːðən/ heathen heathens n
infidèle
païen païenne
A pagan; someone who is neither Christian nor Jewish (other Abrahamic or monotheistic religions may or may not be included)

heather /ˈhiːðəɹ/ /ˈhɛðə/ /ˈhɛðɚ/ heathers n
bruyère callune
A plant in the family Ericaceae.
éricacée
Various species of the genus Erica.
bruyère lilas
A purple colour with a tint of pink and blue.

heating /ˈhiːtɪŋ/ more heating most heating adj
chauffant
Causing heat.

heating /ˈhiːtɪŋ/ heatings n
chauffage
A system that raises the temperature of a room or building. Compare heater.
The act of making something hot.

heating oil heating oils n
mazout fioul
A petroleum product used as fuel in a heating system and not requiring preheating for use.

heatwave heatwaves n
canicule vague de chaleur
A period of very hot weather.

heave /hiːv/ heaves n
hisser
An effort to raise something, such as a weight or one's own body, or to move something heavy.

heave to v
se mettre à la cape
(intransitive, , nautical, sailing) To cause (one's vessel) to become dead in the water by pointing the bows directly towards the wind.

heave-ho /ˌhiv ˈhoʊ/ interjection
ho hisse oh hisse

heaven /ˈhɛvən/ heavens n
ciel paradis
The sky, specifically:
ciel paradis au-delà cieux
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The abode of God and of the angels and saints in His presence.
(religion, by extension, often capitalized) The afterlife of the blessed dead in other religions and traditions, such as the Pure Land or Elysium.
paradis
(by extension) Any paradise; any blissful place or experience.

heaven helps those who help themselves proverb
aide-toi, le ciel t'aidera
A maxim encouraging people to attempt to solve their own problems.

heavenly /ˈhɛvənli/ heavenlier heavenliest more heavenly most heavenly adj
céleste
Of or pertaining to the heaven believed in by many religions.

heavenly body heavenly bodies n
corps céleste
A natural celestial object, visible in the sky, such as a star, planet, natural satellite, asteroid, comet, the Moon or the Sun. Objects flying or moving in the atmosphere are not usually considered as heavenly bodies.

heavenly stem heavenly stems n
tige céleste
One of the ten terms used in East Asian cultures to represent

heavens /ˈhɛvənz/ interjection
sapristi
An expression of surprise, contempt, outrage, disgust, boredom, or frustration.

heavens /ˈhɛvənz/ n
cieux
(often with 'the') The distant sky of the sun, moon, and stars.
(religion) : the abode of God or the gods; the abode of the blessed departed.
(rare) : the near sky of the weather, etc.

heaviness /ˈhɛvɪnəs/ heavinesses n
lourdeur
The state of being heavy; weight, weightiness, force of impact or gravity.

heavy /ˈhev.i/ /ˈhɛv.i/ heavier heaviest adj
lourd pesant
(of a physical object) Having great weight.
lourd grave pesant
(of a topic) Serious, somber.
lourd
(of a rate of flow) High, great.
(of weather) Hot and humid.
gros lourd
(of a person) Doing the specified activity more intensely than most other people.

heavy artillery n
artillerie lourde
(military) Large and powerful artillery, often large-caliber and large-distance.
(figuratively) The most powerful means that can be used to carry out something.

heavy cruiser heavy cruisers n
croiseur lourd

heavy goods vehicle heavy goods vehicles n
poids lourd
A lorry, truck or other large vehicle used to transport cargo with a total weight of at least 3.5 tonnes.

heavy hydrogen n
hydrogène lourd
deuterium.

heavy industry n
industrie lourde
Industrial processes that are very complex or involve large and heavy equipment, facilities, or end products.

heavy legs n
jambes lourdes
An alleged medical condition, described as an unpleasant sensation of pain and heaviness in the lower limbs.

heavy metal heavy metals n
métal lourd
(sciences, countable) Any metal that has a specific gravity greater than about 5, especially one, such as lead, that is poisonous and may be a hazard in the environment. (There are many different definitions of what counts as a heavy metal; see Heavy metals for a discussion.)
heavy metal
(music genre, uncountable) A genre descended from rock music, characterized by massive sound, highly amplified distortion, and overall loudness, often with extended guitar solos, and lyrics that involve aggressive or fantastic imagery.

heavy water n
eau lourde
(chemistry) Water containing deuterium instead of normal hydrogen (protium) (symbol D2O); used as a moderator in nuclear reactors.

heavy-handed more heavy-handed most heavy-handed adj
excessif
Excessive, overdone.

heavyset more heavyset most heavyset adj
corpulent
(of a person) Having a large, solid, imposing bodily appearance; overweight.

heavyweight /ˈhɛ.vi.weɪt/ heavyweights n
poids lourd
(uncountable, boxing) The professional boxing weight class for boxers weighing more than 190 pounds; a boxer in that division.

hebdomadary hebdomadaries n
hebdomadier
A member of a Roman Catholic chapter or convent whose week it is to officiate in the choir and perform other services, which, on extraordinary occasions, are performed by the superiors.

hebephrenia /hiːbɪˈfɹiːnɪə/ hebephrenias n
héboïdophrénie
(clinical psychology) A form of schizophrenia characterised by inappropriate behaviour and emotional responses.

hebetude /ˈhɛb.ə.tjuːd/ /ˈhɛb.ə.tuːd/ n
abrutissement abêtissement hébétude
Mental lethargy or dullness.

hecatomb /-tɒm/ /ˈhɛkətoʊm/ /ˈhɛkətuːm/ hecatombs n
hécatombe
(Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, historical) A great public sacrifice to the gods, originally of a hundred oxen; also, a great number of animals reserved for such a sacrifice.

hectare /ˈhektaː/ /ˈhektɛː/ /ˈhɛk.tɑː/ /ˈhɛk.tɛə/ /ˈhɛk.tɛɹ/ hectares n
hectare
A unit of surface area (symbol ha) equal to 100 ares (that is, 10,000 square metres, one hundredth of a square kilometre, or approximately 2.5 acres), used for measuring the areas of geographical features such as land and bodies of water.

hectic /ˈhɛktɪk/ more hectic most hectic adj
agité fébrile
(figurative) Very busy with activity and confusion.
hectique
(obsolete) Denoting a type of fever accompanying consumption and similar wasting diseases, characterised by flushed cheeks and dry skin.

hecto- prefix
hecto-
hundred

hectoampere hectoamperes n
hectoampère
(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 102 amperes. Symbol: hA

hectogram hectograms n
hectogramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 102 grams. Symbol: hg

hectohedron hectohedra hectohedrons n
hectoèdre
(rare, geometry) A polyhedron with one hundred faces.

hectolitre hectolitres n
hectolitre
A unit of volume or capacity equivalent to 100 litres. Symbol: hL

hectometre hectometres n
hectomètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 102 metres. Symbol: hm

hectopascal hectopascals n
hectopascal
(metrology) An SI unit of pressure equal to 102 pascals. Symbol: hPa

hectowatt hectowatts n
hectowatt
A unit of power equal to 100 watts.

heddle heddles n
lisse
A component in a loom, being one of a number of similar components, through the eye of each of which a distinct strand of the warp is threaded.

hederaceous more hederaceous most hederaceous adj
hédéracé
(rare) Of, pertaining to, or resembling ivy.

hederagenin n
hédéragénine
(organic compound) A triterpenoid originally extracted from Hedera helix, the common ivy.

hedge /hɛd͡ʒ/ hedges n
haie
A thicket of bushes or other shrubbery, especially one planted as a fence between two portions of land, or to separate the parts of a garden.
couverture de risque
(finance) Contract or arrangement reducing one's exposure to risk (for example the risk of price movements or interest rate movements).

hedge fund hedge funds n
fonds spéculatif
(finance) Any unregistered investment fund, often characterised by unconventional strategies (i.e., strategies other than investing long only in bonds, equities or money markets).

hedgehog /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɒɡ/ /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.hɔɡ/ hedgehogs n
hérisson
A small mammal, of the family Erinaceidae or subfamily Erinaceinae (spiny hedgehogs, the latter characterized by their spiny back and often by the habit of rolling up into a ball when attacked.)
(US) Any of several spiny mammals, such as the porcupine, that are similar to the hedgehog.

hedgerow hedgerows n
rangée de haie
a row of closely planted bushes or trees forming a hedge

hedonism /ˈhiːdənɪzəm/ /ˈhɛdənɪzəm/ hedonisms n
hédonisme
(ethics, uncountable) The belief that pleasure or happiness is the highest good in life. Some hedonists, such as the Epicureans, have insisted that pleasure of the entire mind, not just pleasure of the senses, is the highest good.
(countable) A general devotion to the pursuit of pleasure.

hedonist /ˈhiːdənɪst/ /ˈhɛdənɪst/ hedonists n
hédoniste
Someone devoted to hedonism.

hedonistic /hidəˈnɪstɪk/ /ˈhɛdənɪstɪk/ more hedonistic most hedonistic adj
hédoniste
Devoted to pleasure

hee-haw /ˈhiː.hɔ̰̃ː/ interjection
hi-han hihan
The cry of an ass or donkey.

hee-haw /ˈhiː.hɔ̰̃ː/ hee-haws n
hi-han hihan
(countable) The cry of an ass or donkey.

heed /hiːd/ n
attention
Careful attention.

heed /hiːd/ v
observer prêter attention surveiller
(transitive) To mind; to regard with care; to take notice of; to attend to; to observe.

heedless /ˈhiːdləs/ more heedless most heedless adj
inattentif insouciant négligent
Unaware; without noticing; careless; inattentive.

heel /hiːl/ heels n
talon
(anatomy) The rear part of the foot, where it joins the leg.
The part of a shoe's sole which supports the foot's heel.
The rear part of a sock or similar covering for the foot.
The part of the palm of a hand closest to the wrist.
croûton quignon
(US, Ireland, Scotland, Australia) A crust end-piece of a loaf of bread.

heel /hiːl/ v
talonner
To follow at somebody's heels; to chase closely.

heffalump /-ˌləmp/ /ˈhɛfəlʌmp/ /ˈhɛfəˌlʌmp/ heffalumps n
éfélant éphélant
(chiefly, childish, humorous) (A child's name for) an elephant.

heft /hɛft/ hefts n
poids
(uncountable) Weight.

heft /hɛft/ v
hisser
(transitive) To lift up; especially, to lift something heavy.

hefty /ˈhɛfti/ heftier heftiest adj
baraqué
(of a person) Possessing physical strength and weight; rugged and powerful; powerfully or heavily built.
lourd
Heavy, weighing a lot.

hegemony /hɪˈd͡ʒɛm.ə.ni/ /hɪˈɡɛm.ə.ni/ /ˈhɛd͡ʒ.ə.moʊ.ni/ hegemonies n
hégémonie
(formal) Domination, influence, or authority over another, especially by one political group over a society or by one nation over others.

hegumen hegumens n
higoumène hégoumène
(Christianity) The head of a monastery of the Eastern Orthodox Church or Eastern Catholic Churches.

hehe /hɛhɛ~hihi/ interjection
héhé
An approximation to the sound of a mischievous giggle.

heifer /ˈhɛfə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛfɚ/ heifers n
génisse
A young female cow, (particularly) one over one year old but which has not calved.
morue thon
(informal, pejorative, obsolete) A girl or young woman.
(informal, pejorative) A cow as in an unattractive or unpleasant woman.

height /haɪt/ /heɪt/ heights n
hauteur haut
The distance from the base of something to the top of said thing.
taille hauteur
The vertical distance from the ground to the highest part of a standing person or animal (withers in the case of a horse).

heighten /ˈhaɪ̯.tən/ [ˈhaɪ̯tn̩] [ˈhaɪ̯ʔn̩] v
hausser
To make high; to raise higher; to elevate.

heinous /ˈheɪnəs/ /ˈhiːnəs/ more heinous most heinous adj
atroce
Totally reprehensible.

heir /ɛə/ /ɛɚ/ heiress heirs n
héritier héritière successeur successeuse successrice
Someone who inherits, or is designated to inherit, the property of another.
héritier héritière
One who inherits, or has been designated to inherit, a hereditary title or office.
héritier successeur héritière
A successor in a role, representing continuity with the predecessor.

heir apparent heir apparents heirs apparent n
héritier apparent héritière apparente
(usually, monarchy) Someone who will definitely inherit if surviving the one whose property is to be inherited.

heir presumptive heirs presumptive n
héritier présomptif
Someone who will become an heir (usually to a monarchy) only if no-one with a higher-ranking claim is born.

heiress /ɛəˈɹɛs/ heiresses n
héritière successeuse successrice
A woman who has a right of inheritance or who stands to inherit.

heirloom /ˈɛə.luːm/ /ˈɛəɹ.lum/ heirlooms n
patrimoine
A valued possession that has been passed down through the generations.

heist /haɪst/ heists n
braquage casse
A robbery or burglary, especially from an institution such as a bank or museum.

heist /haɪst/ v
voler
(transitive) To steal, rob, or hold up (something).

heleoplankton n
héléoplancton

helepolis helepoleis helepolises n
hélépole
an ancient Greek siege engine consisting of a wheeled tower containing machines for throwing stones and spears

heliast heliasts n
héliaste
(historical, Ancient Greece, law) A judge in the supreme court of ancient Athens.

helical /ˈhiː.lɪ.kəl/ /ˈhɛl.ɪ.kəl/ more helical most helical adj
hélicoïdal
In the shape of a helix.

heliciculture n
héliciculture
snail farming

helicoid more helicoid most helicoid adj
hélicoïdal
Having the form of a flattened helix.

helicoid helicoids n
hélicoïde

helicopter /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.iˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.ɪˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ helicopters n
hélicoptère
(aviation) An aircraft that is borne along by one or more sets of long rotating blades which allow it to hover, move in any direction including reverse, or land; and typically having a smaller set of blades on its tail to stabilize the aircraft.

helicopter /ˈheliˌkɔptə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.iˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛl.ɪˌkɒp.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptɚ/ v
héliporter
(transitive) To transport by helicopter.

helicopter parent helicopter parents n
parent poule
A parent who pays an inordinate amount of attention to their children and often makes decisions, particularly educational ones, normally the province of the student.

helicotrema helicotremas helicotremata n
hélicotrème

helio- prefix
hélio-
Concerning the sun.

heliocentric /ˌhiːli.əʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ /ˌhiːlioʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ adj
héliocentrique
(astronomy) Having the sun at the center/centre; usually in reference to a coordinate system or orbit. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

heliocentric orbit heliocentric orbits n
orbite héliocentrique

heliocentrism n
héliocentrisme
(astronomy, history) The theory that the sun is the center of the universe.

heliographic adj
héliographique
Of or pertaining to heliography; transmitted by heliograph

heliometer heliometers n
héliomètre
An astronomical instrument, based on a telescope, for measuring the diameter of the sun; now used to measure the angular distance between stars and other celestial bodies.

helion helions n
hélion
(physics) A helium ion, the nucleus of a helium-3 atom. Formula: 3He+2 ; Symbol: h

heliopause heliopauses n
héliopause
(astronomy) The boundary of heliosphere where the Sun's solar wind is stopped by the interstellar medium.

helioscope helioscopes n
hélioscope
(astronomy) An apparatus for viewing the Sun without harming the eye, by means of an optical filter that attenuates most of sunlight while allowing only a small amount of the solar radiation.

heliosheath heliosheaths n
héliogaine
(astronomy) A zone between the termination shock and the heliopause, in the heliosphere, at the outer border of the Solar System, where the solar wind is dramatically slower than within the termination shock.

heliosphere heliospheres n
héliosphère
(astronomy) The region of space where interstellar medium is blown away by solar wind; the boundary, heliopause, is often considered the edge of the Solar System.

heliostat heliostats n
héliostat
A device that includes a plane mirror which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target, compensating for the sun's apparent motions in the sky. The target may be a physical object, distant from the heliostat, or a direction in space, and is almost always stationary relative to the heliostat, so the light is reflected in a fixed direction.

heliosynchronous adj
héliosynchrone
Describing an orbit around the Earth where each passage in the same direction along a given latitude will occur throughout the year at the same true solar time.

heliotherapy heliotherapies n
héliothérapie
Any medical therapy by exposure to light.

heliotrope /-lɪ.əʊ-/ /ˈhi.li.əˌtɹoʊp/ /ˈhiː.li.ə.tɹəʊp/ /ˈhɛ-/ heliotropes n
héliotrope
(countable, uncountable, mineral) Synonym of bloodstone (“a green chalcedony that is sprinkled with red spots or veins of hematite”)

heliotropic adj
héliotropique
exhibiting heliotropism

heliotropism heliotropisms n
héliotropisme
The property of some plants of turning under the influence of light; either positively (towards the light) or negatively (away from the light)

heliox n
héliox
(medicine, underwater diving) A mixture of helium and oxygen used as a breathing gas.

helipad helipads n
héliport hélistation hélisurface
(aviation) A small landing place for helicopters, denoted by a large "H".

heliport /ˈhɛlɪˌpoɹt/ heliports n
héliport
(aviation) A facility, such as a small airport, designed to let helicopters take off and land.

helium /ˈhiː.li.əm/ heliums n
hélium
(uncountable) The second lightest chemical element (symbol He) with an atomic number of 2 and atomic weight of 4.002602, a colorless, odorless and inert noble gas.

helix /ˈhiːlɪks/ helices helixes n
hélice
(mathematics) A curve on the surface of a cylinder or cone such that its angle to a plane perpendicular to the axis is constant; the three-dimensional curve seen in a screw or a spiral staircase.
(anatomy) The incurved rim of the external ear.

hell /hɛl/ interjection
merde
(impolite, sometimes considered, _, vulgar) Used to express discontent, unhappiness, or anger.
(impolite, sometimes considered, _, vulgar, non-productive) Used to emphasize.
(impolite, sometimes considered, _, vulgar) Used to introduce an intensified statement following an understated one; nay; not only that, but.

hell /hɛl/ hells n
enfer
(countable, hyperbole, figuratively) A place or situation of great suffering in life.

hell /hɛl/ pn
enfer
(in many religions, uncountable) A place of torment where some or all sinners and evil spirits are believed to go after death.

hell hath no fury like a woman scorned /hɛl hæθ noʊ ˈfjʊɹi laɪk ə ˈwʊmən skɔɹnd/ /hɛl hæθ nəʊ ˈfjʊəɹi laɪk ə ˈwʊmən skɔːnd/ proverb
L'enfer n'a pas de fureur comme une femme méprisée
A woman will make someone suffer if they hurt her.

hell-bent /ˈhɛlˌbɛnt/ more hell-bent most hell-bent adj
acharné
(originally US, informal, transitive with on) Recklessly determined to do or achieve (something).

hellebore /ˈhɛlɪbɔː/ /ˈhɛlɪbɔːɹ/ hellebores n
hellébore ellébore
Any of the common garden flowering plants of the genus Helleborus, in family Ranunculaceae, having supposed medicinal properties.

helleborine helleborines n
céphalanthère
Any of a number of species of orchid of the genera Epipactis and Cephalanthera.

heller hellers n
haller heller
(historical) A German coin equivalent to half a pfennig, later used widely as a small coin in Central Europe and the German Empire.

hellfire /ˈhɛlˌfaɪə/ /ˈhɛlˌfaɪəɹ/ hellfires n
feu de l'enfer
(uncountable) The fire of Hell.

hellish /ˈhɛlɪʃ/ more hellish most hellish adj
infernal
(hyperbolic) causing great pain, discomfort or distress

hello /həˈloʊ/ /həˈləʉ/ /həˈləʊ/ /hɛˈloʊ/ /hɛˈləʊ/ /ˈhɛloʊ/ interjection
salut bonjour coucou
A greeting (salutation) said when meeting someone or acknowledging someone’s arrival or presence.
allô allo
A greeting used when answering the telephone.
allô eh oh oh eh ohé
A call for response if it is not clear if anyone is present or listening, or if a telephone conversation may have been disconnected.
ho
(colloquial) Used sarcastically to imply that the person addressed has done something the speaker considers to be foolish, or missed something that should have been obvious.
ouah
(chiefly, UK) An expression of puzzlement or discovery.

hello again interjection
rebonjour

hello there /həˈloʊ̯ ðɛɚ/ /həˈləʊ̯ ðɛə(ɹ)/ /hɛˈloʊ̯ ðɛɚ/ /hɛˈləʊ̯ ðɛː(ɹ)/ interjection
bonjour tout le monde
Synonym of hello (“a greeting”)

helm /hɛlm/ helms n
barre
(nautical) The tiller (or, in a large ship, the wheel) which is used to control the rudder of a marine vessel; also, the entire steering apparatus of a vessel.
barreur barreuse timonier
(nautical) The member of a vessel's crew in charge of steering the vessel; a helmsman or helmswoman.

helmet /ˈhɛlmət/ /ˈhɛlmɪt/ helmets n
casque
A hard, protective head covering, typically part of armour.

helmeted guineafowl helmeted guineafowls n
pintade de Numidie
A game bird in the guinea fowl family, Numida meleagris

helminth /ˈhɛl.mɪnθ/ helminths n
helminthe
A parasitic worm; a fluke, tapeworm, or nematode.

helmsman helmsmen n
timonier barreur
(nautical) A member of a ship's crew who is responsible for steering.

helonium n
hélonium

helophytic more helophytic most helophytic adj
hélophyte
(botany) Of or relating to helophytes.

helot /ˈhɛlət/ helots n
ilote
(historical, Ancient Greece) A member of the ancient Spartan class of serfs.

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ interjection
au secours à l’aide à moi à nous
A cry of distress or an urgent request for assistance

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ helps n
aide secours
(uncountable) Action given to provide assistance; aid.
aide auxiliaire
Something or someone which provides assistance with a task.
aide
(usually, uncountable) One or more people employed to help in the maintenance of a house or the operation of a farm or enterprise.

help /hɛlp/ /hɛp/ v
aider secourir
(transitive) To provide assistance to (someone or something).
aider
(transitive) To contribute in some way to.
(intransitive) To provide assistance.
empêcher prévenir éviter
(transitive) To avoid; to prevent; to refrain from; to restrain (oneself). Usually used in nonassertive contexts with can.

help desk help desks n
centre d'assistance
A section of an organization offering specialist advice to customers or users who have problems, especially with computer equipment or systems.

help is on the way phraseologicalUnit
les secours sont en route
Used to inform the interlocutor that emergency assistance is approaching.

help oneself v
se servir
(reflexive) To take something freely; to serve oneself without restraint.

help out v
dépanner
(transitive, intransitive) To provide assistance.

helper /ˈhɛlpɚ/ helpers n
assistant assistante
One who helps; an aide; assistant; auxiliary.

helpful /ˈhɛlp.fəl/ /ˈhɛlp.fʊl/ more helpful most helpful adj
serviable utile
Furnishing help; giving aid; useful.

helping hand helping hands n
coup de main coup de pouce
(idiomatic) Any assistance, help or aid.

helpless /ˈhɛlplɪs/ more helpless most helpless adj
sans défense
Unable to defend oneself.
désemparé
Unable to act without help; needing help; feeble.

helpmate helpmates n
compagnon
A person who supplies help or companionship.
compagne
A wife or spouse.

hem /hɛm/ /hɪm/ hems n
ourlet
(sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.
marge
A rim or margin of something.

hem /hɛm/ /hɪm/ v
ourler
(sewing, intransitive) To make a hem.
(transitive) To put hem on an article of clothing, to edge or put a border on something.

hematic adj
hématique
Of, pertaining to, affecting or containing blood

hematite /ˈhiː.məˌtaɪt/ /ˈhɛm.əˌtaɪt/ hematites n
hématite
(mineral) An iron ore, mainly peroxide of iron, Fe2O3.

hematocrit /hɪˈmæt.ək.ɹɪt/ hematocrits n
hématocrite

hematocyte hematocytes n
hématocyte
(hematology, cytology) Any blood cell produced by hematopoiesis, but especially a red blood cell

hematologic adj
hématologique
Of or relating to hematology.

hematoma /ˌhiməˈtoʊmə/ hematomas hematomata n
hématome
(pathology) A swelling of blood, usually clotted, which forms as a result of broken blood vessels.

hematopoiesis /ˌhimətoʊ.pojˈisɪs/ hematopoieses n
hématopoïèse hémopoèse
(hematology, cytology) The process by which blood cells are produced.

heme /hiːm/ hemes n
hème
(biochemistry) The component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen. It consists of an iron ion that binds oxygen and a porphyrin ring that binds the globin molecules; one molecule binds one molecule of oxygen.

hemerology /hɛməˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /hɛməˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ hemerologies n
hémérologie
The study of calendars, especially with a view to identifying propitious days.

hemi- prefix
hémi-
Half.

hemiaminal hemiaminals n
hémiaminal
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound having both an amino and a hydroxy functional group attached to the same carbon atom; they are synthesized by reacting ammonia or an amine with an aldehyde or ketone.

hemicellulose hemicelluloses n
hémicellulose
(carbohydrate) A mixture of several plant polysaccharides, of smaller molecular weight than cellulose, that are soluble in dilute alkali; they are involved in the manufacture of paper, and are used in the production of furfural and ethanol.

hemicryptophyte /hɛmɪˈkɹɪptəʊfaɪt/ hemicryptophytes n
hémicryptophyte
(botany) Any plant whose buds rest on the surface, being protected in various ways.

hemicycle hemicycles n
hémicycle
semicircle
(architecture) A semicircular structure

hemicylindrical adj
hémicylindrique
Having the form of half a cylinder (divided down its axis)

hemidemisemiquaver hemidemisemiquavers n
quadruple-croche
(music) A sixty-fourth note, drawn as a crotchet with four tails.

hemiola hemiolas n
hémiole
(music) The articulation of two bars in triple time as if they were three bars in duple time.

hemiplegic adj
hémiplégique
Of, pertaining to, or afflicted with hemiplegia

hemipter hemipters n
hemiptère
(zoology) Any organism of the order Hemiptera, including cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, and shield bugs.

hemisphere /ˈhɛmɪsfɪə/ /ˈhɛmɪsfɪəɹ/ hemispheres n
hémisphère
(geography) Half of the Earth, such as the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere or Eastern Hemisphere, Land Hemisphere, Water Hemisphere etc. [1550s].
(anatomy) Either of the two halves of the cerebrum. [1804].

hemispherectomy hemispherectomies n
hémisphérectomie
(neurosurgery) Surgical removal of a hemisphere of the brain, usually performed to control otherwise uncontrollable epilepsy.

hemispherical adj
hémisphérique
Having the shape of half a sphere.
Pertaining to or operating throughout a hemisphere of the Earth.

hemistich hemistiches hemistichs n
hémistiche
An approximate half-line of verse, separated from another by a caesura, often for dramatic effect.

hemline hemlines n
ourlet
The height of this line, measured from the floor.

hemlock /ˈhɛmˌlɒk/ hemlocks n
ciguë
Any of the poisonous umbelliferous plants, of the genera
pruche
Any of several coniferous trees, of the genus Tsuga, that grow in North America; the wood of such trees. [from 1670]

hemochromatosis /ˌhiːmə(ʊ)ˌkɹəʊməˈtəʊsɪs/ hemochromatoses n
hématochromatose
(diseases) A metabolic disorder causing iron deposits in the body, also called bronze diabetes.

hemocyanin hemocyanins n
hémocyanine
(biochemistry) a blue copper-containing respiratory pigment (a metalloprotein) found in most molluscs, and some arthropods

hemoderivative hemoderivatives n
hémodérivé
(medicine) Any substance obtained by fractionation of human blood plasma.

hemodialysis hemodialyses n
hémodialyse
(medicine) A dialysis utilizing extracorporeal removal of waste products from the blood in the case of kidney failure.

hemodynamic /himoʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj
hémodynamique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to hemodynamics, the circulation of blood in the body.

hemodynamics /ˌhimoʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ n
hémodynamique
(medicine) The circulation and movement of blood in the body, and the forces involved therein.

hemoglobin hemoglobins n
hémoglobine
(American spelling) The iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body; it consists of a protein (globulin), and haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).

hemolymph hemolymphs n
hémolymphe
(zoology) A circulating fluid in the bodies of some invertebrates that is the equivalent of blood

hemolysis hemolyses n
hémolyse
(medicine) The destruction of red blood cells, and subsequent release of hemoglobin, at the normal end of the cell's life.

hemolytic more hemolytic most hemolytic adj
hémolytique
Producing hemolysis; destroying red blood cells.

hemorrhage /ˈhɛm(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ hemorrhages n
hémorragie
A heavy release of blood within or from the body.

hemorrhoid /ˈhɛməɹɔɪd/ /ˈhɛmɹɔɪd/ hemorrhoids n
hémorroïde
(pathology, often, in the plural) An engorged, dilated and easily broken varicosity in the perianal area, often accompanied by intense itching and throbbing pain: piles.

hemostasis /hiːˈmɒstəsɪs/ /ˌhiːməˈsteɪsɪs/ hemostases n
hémostase
(medicine, countable, uncountable) The process of keeping blood inside a damaged vessel to stop bleeding.

hemostat hemostats n
pince de Péan pince hémostatique
(medicine) An instrument that clamps blood vessels to diminish or halt blood flow.

hemp /hɛmp/ hemps n
chanvre
A tall annual herb, Cannabis sativa, native to Asia.

hempseed hempseeds n
chènevis
The seed of the hemp plant, used as high-protein food or fishing bait.

hen /hɛn/ hens n
poule
A female chicken (Gallus gallus), particularly a sexually mature one kept for her eggs.
A female of other bird species, particularly a sexually mature female fowl.
(figuratively) A woman.
(figuratively, pejorative, uncommon) A henlike person of either sex.

hen harrier hen harriers n
busard Saint-Martin busard saint-martin
A bird of prey, Circus cyaneus, which breeds in the northern parts of Eurasia.

hen pigeon hen pigeons n
pigeonne femelle du pigeon pigeon pigeon femelle
A female pigeon.

henbane /ˈhɛnbeɪn/ henbanes n
jusquiame
A poisonous plant, Hyoscyamus niger, used sometimes as a drug that causes at least hallucinations, dilated pupils, restlessness, and flushed skin.

hence /ˈhɛns/ adv
d'ici
(archaic) From here, from this place, away.
(archaic, figuratively) From the living or from this world.
d'où donc ainsi
(conjunctive) As a result; therefore, for this reason.

henceforth /hɛnsˈfɔɹθ/ adv
désormais dorénavant
(formal, temporal) From now on; from this time on.

henchman /ˈhɛnt͡ʃ.mən/ henchmen n
sbire acolyte sous-fifre séide
A loyal and trusted follower or subordinate.
gangster homme de main sbire
An assistant member of a criminal gang.

hendecagon hendecagons n
hendécagone undécagone
(geometry) a polygon with eleven edges and eleven angles.

hendiadys /hɛnˈdaɪ.ədɪs/ hendiadyses n
hendiadyin hendiadys
(rhetoric) A figure of speech used for emphasis, where two words joined by and are used to express a single complex idea.

henhouse henhouses n
poulailler
Synonym of hencoop.

henna /hɛnə/ hennas n
henné
(countable) A shrub, Lawsonia inermis, having fragrant reddish flowers
(countable, uncountable) A reddish plant substance, prepared from the dried leaves of this plant, used for temporary tattoos and hair coloring. Hair colorings range from bright red to earth brown to near black.
(countable, and, uncountable) A rich reddish-brown colour.

hennin hennins n
hennin
(historical) A headdress in the shape of a cone, "steeple" or truncated cone worn by European women of the nobility in medieval times.

henotheism /ˈhɛnoʊˌθiɪz(ə)m/ /ˈhɛnəʊˌθiːɪz(ə)m/ henotheisms n
hénothéisme
Belief in or worship of one deity without denying the existence of other deities.

henpeck /ˈhɛnpɛk/ /ˈhɛnˌpɛk/ v
barber casser les couilles emmerder faire chier harceler importuner
(chiefly, by a wife) To nag persistently.

henpecked /ˈhɛnpɛkt/ more henpecked most henpecked adj
dominé par sa femme jobard la femme porte la culotte
(particularly of husbands or boyfriends) Intimidated or overwhelmed by a nagging or overbearing matriarch, wife, or girlfriend.

henry henries henrys n
henry
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical inductance; the inductance induced in a circuit by a rate of change of current of one ampere per second and a resulting electromotive force of one volt. Symbol: H

hentai /ˈhɛn.taɪ/ hentai n
hentai
A work of anime or manga (or any similar medium) that contains heavily sexual or pornographic art.

hentaigana hentaigana n
hentaigana
A character belonging to obsolete, now non-standard hiragana.

heparin /ˈhɛp.ə.ɹɪn/ heparins n
héparine
(carbohydrate, pharmaceutical drug) A compound occurring in the liver and other tissues which inhibits blood coagulation. A sulfur-containing polysaccharide, it is used as an anticoagulant in the treatment of thrombosis.

heparinate heparinates n
héparinate

hepatectomy hepatectomies n
hépatectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of all or part of the liver.

hepatic /həˈpætɪk/ /hɪˈpætɪk/ adj
hépatique
Of or relating to the liver.

hepatitis /ˌhɛpəˈtaɪ̯tɪs/ hepatitides hepatitises n
hépatite
Inflammation of the liver, sometimes caused by a viral infection.

hepatitis A n
hépatite A
An acute form of hepatitis, transmitted by the orofecal route.

hepatitis B n
hépatite B
an acute form of hepatitis, transmitted by blood, sexual contact, and body fluids.

hepatocyte hepatocytes n
hépatocyte
Any of the cells in the liver responsible for the metabolism of protein, carbohydrate and lipid and for detoxification.

hepatologist hepatologists n
hépatologue
A person who works in hepatology.

hepatopancreatic adj
hépatopancréatique

hepatotoxic more hepatotoxic most hepatotoxic adj
hépatotoxique
Toxic to the liver; causing hepatotoxicity.

hepatotoxicity hepatotoxicities n
hepatotoxicité

heptadecagon heptadecagons n
heptadécagone
(geometry) A polygon with seventeen sides and seventeen angles.

heptagon /ˈhɛp.tə.ɡɒn/ /ˈhɛp.tə.ɡən/ heptagons n
heptagone
(geometry) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles.

heptagonal /hɛpˈtæɡ ə nl/ adj
heptagonal heptagone
Having seven angles and sides.

heptahedron heptahedra heptahedrons n
heptaèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with seven faces.

heptane heptanes n
heptane
(organic compound) Any of the nine isomers of the saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon C7H16, obtained from petroleum, especially n-heptane (CH3(CH2)5CH3)

heptarchic /hɛpˈtɑː(ɹ)kɪk/ adj
heptarchique
Of or pertaining to a heptarchy.

heptarchy /ˈhɛptɑː(ɹ)ki/ heptarchies n
heptarchie

heptasemic /hɛptəˈsiːmɪk/ adj
heptasème
(ancient, _, prosody) containing seven morae or units of time.

heptathlon /hɛpˈtæθlɒn/ heptathla heptathlons n
heptathlon
(athletics) An athletic contest comprising seven events; contested mostly by women, for whom this is an Olympic sport.

her /ə(ɹ)/ /ɚ/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈhɝ/ determiner
sa son ses
Belonging to her (belonging to that female, or in poetic or old-fashioned language that ship, city, season, etc).

her /ə(ɹ)/ /ɚ/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈhɝ/ pronoun
la elle lui
The form of she used after a preposition, as the object of a verb, or (colloquial) as a subject with a conjunction; that woman, that ship, etc.

herald /ˈhɛɹəld/ heralds n
héraut
A messenger, especially one bringing important news.
(heraldry) An official whose speciality is heraldry, especially one between the ranks of pursuivant and king-of-arms.
annonciateur signe [[avant-coureur]]
A harbinger, giving signs of things to come.
découpure
(entomology) A moth of the species Scoliopteryx libatrix.

herald /ˈhɛɹəld/ v
annoncer
(transitive) To proclaim or announce an event.

heraldess /ˈhɛɹ.əldˌɛs/ heraldesses n
héraldesse

heraldic more heraldic most heraldic adj
héraldique
Of, or relating to heraldry or heralds.

heraldry /ˈhɛɹ.əl.dɹi/ heraldries n
héraldique blason
(uncountable) The profession or art of devising, granting and blazoning coats of arms, tracing genealogies and ruling on questions of protocol or rank.

herb /(h)ɝb/ /h/ /hɜːb/ herbs n
herbe herbes
(countable) Any green, leafy plant, or parts thereof, used to flavour or season food.
plante médicinale herbe
(countable) A plant whose roots, leaves or seeds, etc. are used in medicine.
herbe
(uncountable, slang) Cannabis.

herb Robert n
géranium herbe à Robert
Geranium robertianum, a species of cranesbill.

herbaceous /(h)ɝˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ /hə(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.ʃəs/ more herbaceous most herbaceous adj
herbacé
(botany) Not woody, lacking lignified tissues.

herbal /ˈhɜːbəl/ /ˈɝbəl/ adj
aux herbes d'herbes
Made from or with herbs.

herbal tea herbal teas n
tisane infusion
A beverage made by infusing the leaves of various herbs, generally not including true tea (Camellia sinensis).

herbalism herbalisms n
herbalisme herboristerie
The use or study of medicinal herbs.

herbalist herbalists n
herboriste herbaliste
A person who treats diseases by means of medicinal herbs.

herbarium herbaria herbariums n
herbier
A collection of dried plants or parts of plants.
A building or institution where such a collection is kept.

herbicide herbicides n
herbicide
A substance used to kill plants.

herbivore /ˈ(h)ɜːɹbɪvɔːɹ/ /ˈhɜːbɪvɔː(ɹ)/ herbivores n
herbivore
An organism that feeds chiefly on plants; an animal that feeds on herbage or vegetation as the main part of its diet.

herbivorous /(h)ɜːɹˈbɪvəɹəs/ more herbivorous most herbivorous adj
herbivore
Feeding chiefly on plants.

herborize v
herboriser
(intransitive, botany) To seek and classify new or previously known plant species.

herd /hɜːd/ /hɝd/ herds n
troupeau
A number of domestic animals assembled together under the watch or ownership of a keeper. [from 11th c.]
Any collection of animals gathered or travelling in a company. [from 13th c.]

herd /hɜːd/ /hɝd/ v
rassembler
(intransitive) To unite or associate in a herd; to feed or run together, or in company.

herd immunity /ˈhəːd ɪˈmjuːnɪti/ /ˈhɚd ɪˈmjunəti/ [-ɾi] herd immunities n
immunité grégaire
(epidemiology) The indirect protection against the spread of a contagious disease in a given population caused by the immunity of a significant proportion of the population to that particular disease; the immunity may have been obtained through having survived the infection or through vaccination. [from early 20th c.]

herding dog herding dogs n
chien de berger
A dog bred for working cattle, sheep, or other livestock. For example, the various shepherd breeds.

herdsman herdsmen n
gardien éleveur de bétail
A person who tends livestock, especially cows and sheep; especially, the foreman among a group of such farmworkers, usually with more knowledge and experience.

here /hiːɹ/ /hjɜː/ /hɪə̯(ɹ)/ /hɪə̯/ /hɪɚ̯/ /hɪɹ/ /hɪː(ɹ)/ /hɪː/ /ˈhi.ə/ adv
ici
(location) In, on, or at this place.
par ici ici
(location) To this place; used in place of the more dated hither.

here /hiːɹ/ /hjɜː/ /hɪə̯(ɹ)/ /hɪə̯/ /hɪɚ̯/ /hɪɹ/ /hɪː(ɹ)/ /hɪː/ /ˈhi.ə/ n
ici
(abstract) This place; this location.
(abstract) This time, the present situation.

here and there adv
çà et là par-ci, par-là ici et là
In, at or to various places; in one place and another.

here below adv
dans ce bas monde ici-bas

here lies phraseologicalUnit
ci-gît ici repose
A phrase written on gravestones followed by the buried person's name.

here you are phraseologicalUnit
voici voilà tenez tiens je t'en prie je vous en prie
(idiomatic) Said when handing something over to someone or doing a favour to them, usually to draw the recipient's attention to the exchange; equivalent to “thank you” when receiving something.

hereby /hɪəˈbʌɪ/ /hɪɹˈbaɪ/ adv
par la présente
(formal) By this means, action or process.

hereditary /həˈɹɛdɪt(ə)ɹi/ /həˈɹɛdɪˌtɛɹi/ more hereditary most hereditary adj
héréditaire
Passed on as an inheritance, by last will or intestate.
Of a title, honor or right: legally granted to somebody's descendant after that person's death.
Of a person: holding a legally hereditary title or rank.
Of a disease or trait: passed from a parent to offspring in the genes.

heredity /həˈɹɛɾəɾi/ /hɪˈɹɛdɪti/ heredities n
hérédité
Hereditary transmission of the physical and genetic qualities of parents to their offspring; the biological law by which living beings tend to repeat their characteristics in their descendants.

herein /hɪəˈɹɪn/ /hɪɹˈɪn/ adv
ci-dedans
In this; within this content, context, or thing.

hereinafter /ˈhɪəɹɪnˈɑːftə/ /ˈhɪɹɪnˈæftɚ/ adv
ci-après
In the parts of this document, statement, or book that follow; after this

hereinbefore adv
ci-dessus
(formal) In a preceding part of this speech, book, or text; before this.

hereof adv
de celle-ci de celui-ci
Of this; concerning this.
From or as a result of this.

heresiarch /həˈɹiziɑɹk/ /hɛˈɹiːzɪɑːk/ /ˈhɛɹɪsɪˌɑːk/ heresiarchs n
hérésiarque
(religion) The founder of a heresy, or a major ecclesiastical proponent of such a heresy. [from mid 16th c.]

heresy /ˈhɛɹəsi/ heresies n
hérésie
(religion) a doctrine held by a member of a religion at variance with established religious beliefs
(by extension) A controversial or unorthodox opinion held by a member of a group, as in politics, philosophy or science.

heretic /ˈhɛɹɪtɪk/ heretics n
hérétique
Someone whose beliefs are contrary to the fundamental tenets of a religion they claim to belong to.

heretical /həˈɹɛtɪkəl/ more heretical most heretical adj
hérétique
Of or pertaining to heresy or heretics.
(of ideas or views) Contrary to mainstream or accepted opinion.

heretofore /ˈhɪɹtəfoɹ/ /ˈhɪɹtəfɔɹ/ /ˌhɪətəˈfɔə/ /ˌhɪətəˈfɔː/ /ˌhɪətʊˈfɔə/ /ˌhɪətʊˈfɔː/ adv
[[jusque|jusqu']]alors avant ceci jusqu'ici
(formal, temporal) Before now, until now, up to the present time; from the beginning to this point.

hereunder adv
ci-dessous
Under this.

hereupon adv
par dessus quoi
Immediately afterwards; at this.

herewith adv
avec quoi ci-joint
with this; especially, with this letter or communication

heritability heritabilities n
héritabilité
(countable, genetics) The ratio of the genetic variance of a population to its phenotypic variance; i.e. the proportion of variability that is genetic in origin

heritable /ˈhɛɹɪtəbl̩/ /ˈhɛɹɪtəbəl/ more heritable most heritable adj
héritable
That can legally be inherited.

heritage /ˈhɛɹ.ɪ.tɪd͡ʒ/ heritages n
héritage
An inheritance; property that may be inherited.
A tradition; a practice or set of values that is passed down from preceding generations through families or through institutional memory.

heritage interpretation heritage interpretations n
interprétation du patrimoine médiation
(museology, education) The practice and discipline of explaining natural and cultural heritage, used in museums, zoos, historic sites, galleries, etc.

heritage language heritage languages n
langue d'héritage
(linguistics) One's former native language, lost during childhood or early adulthood, or underdeveloped in favor of a more dominant majority language.

herm herms n
hermès
A rectangular pillar bearing a bust of Hermes, once used as a boundary marker and later as decoration.

hermaphrodism hermaphrodisms n
hermaphrodisme
A condition in which an individual possesses characteristics of both sexes.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ adj
hermaphrodite bisexué bisexuée
(biology) Having both ovaries and testes or both stamens and pistils.

hermaphrodite /hɝˈmæfɹədaɪt/ hermaphrodites n
hermaphrodite
(WWI, _, military, historical) An armoured fighting vehicle having features of both male tanks and female tanks.

hermaphroditic adj
hermaphrodite
Of or pertaining to hermaphrodism; being a hermaphrodite. [from the early 17th c.]
androgyne hermaphrodite
(biology) Possessing the reproductive organs of both sexes.

hermaphroditism hermaphroditisms n
hermaphrodisme
The state of having sexual organs of both the male and female sexes.

hermeneutical /hɝməˈn(j)uːtɪkəl/ adj
herméneutique
Of or pertaining to hermeneutics, the study or theory of the methodical interpretation of text, especially holy texts.

hermeneutics /hɜːɹməˈnjuːtɪks/ hermeneutics n
herméneutique
The study or theory of the methodical interpretation of text, especially holy texts.

hermeo- prefix
herméo-

hermeocentric more hermeocentric most hermeocentric adj
herméocentrique
(astronomy) Having the planet Mercury at the center.

hermeocentric orbit hermeocentric orbits n
orbite herméocentrique

hermetic /hə(ɹ)ˈmɛtɪk/ more hermetic most hermetic adj
hermétique
(chiefly, capitalized) Pertaining to Hermes Trismegistus or the writings attributed to him.
Pertaining to alchemy or occult practices; magical, alchemical.
Hermetically sealed.
Isolated, away from outside influence.

hermetically more hermetically most hermetically adv
hermétiquement
In a hermetic manner; isolatedly.

hermetically sealed adj
hermétiquement fermé
Sealed with an airtight hermetic seal.

hermeticity hermeticities n
herméticité

hermit /ˈhɜːmɪt/ /ˈhɝmɪt/ hermits n
ermite ermitane
A religious recluse; someone who lives alone for religious reasons; an eremite.
ermite
A recluse; someone who lives alone and shuns human companionship.

hermit crab hermit crabs n
bernard-l'ermite
A decapod crustacean (not a true crab) from the superfamily Paguroidea, which salvages empty seashells or other portable objects to permanently shelter and protect its soft abdomen.

hermit thrush hermit thrushes n
grive solitaire
A species of solitary thrush native to North America (Catharus guttatus).

hermitage /ˈhɜːmɪtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɝmɪtɪd͡ʒ/ hermitages n
ermitage
A house or dwelling where a hermit lives.
A place of seclusion.

hermitize v
ermiter
to isolate oneself; to become a hermit

hernia /ˈhɜː(ɹ)niə/ herniae hernias herniæ n
hernie
(diseases) A disorder in which a part of the body protrudes abnormally through a tear or opening in an adjacent part, especially of the abdomen.

hernial adj
herniaire
Of or relating to a hernia.

herniated adj
hernié
Having or forming a hernia.

hernioplasty hernioplasties n
hernioplastie
(surgery) A hernia repair operation, which makes use of a mesh patch to strengthen the site of defect to prevent recurrence.

herniorrhaphy herniorrhaphies n
herniorraphie
(surgery) repair of a hernia by means of sutures

hero /ˈhiɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɛɹ.oʊ/ /ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈhɪɹ.oʊ/ [ˈhɪə.ɹəʊ~ˈçɪə.ɹəʊ] heroes heroine heros n
héros
Somebody who possesses great bravery and carries out extraordinary or noble deeds.
A role model.
héros protagoniste
The protagonist in a work of fiction.

heroic /hɪˈɹoʊ.ɪk/ /hɪˈɹəʊ.ɪk/ more heroic most heroic adj
héroïque
Of or relating to a hero or heroine; supremely noble.

heroin /ˈhɛɹoʊ.ɪn/ heroins n
héroïne
A powerful and addictive drug derived from opium producing intense euphoria. Classed as an illegal narcotic in most of the world. [from late 19th century]

heroine /ˈhɛɹoʊɪn/ /ˈhɪɹoʊɪn/ hero heroines n
héroïne
A female hero.

heroinism n
héroïnomanie
heroin addiction

heroinist heroinists n
héroïnomane
A heroin addict.

heroism /ˈhiɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹoʊɪzəm/ /ˈhɛɹəʊɪzəm/ heroisms n
héroïsme
The qualities characteristic of a hero, such as courage, bravery, fortitude, selflessness, etc.; the display of such qualities.

heroization heroizations n
héroïcisation héroïsation
the act, or the result, of heroizing someone

heroize v
héroïser
(transitive) To make someone into a hero.
(transitive) To treat someone as if they were a hero.

heron /ˈhɛɹən/ herons n
héron
A long-legged, long-necked wading bird of the family Ardeidae.

herpes /ˈhɚ.piz/ /ˈhɜː(ɹ).piz/ herpeses n
herpès
(medicine) A viral infection, caused by Human alphaherpesvirus 1 and Human alphaherpesvirus 2, marked by painful, watery blisters in the skin or mucous membranes or on the genitals.

herpes simplex n
herpès
(pathology) A viral disease caused by Human herpesvirus 1 or Human herpesvirus 2 in genus Simplexvirus.

herpetarium herpetaria herpetariums n
herpétarium
A zoological exhibition space for reptiles and amphibians.

herpetoculture n
herpétoculture

herpetofauna /ˈhɜː(ɹ)pɪtəʊˌfɔːnə/ herpetofaunas n
herpétofaune
Reptiles and amphibians as a group, especially those of a particular region or time period.

herpetological more herpetological most herpetological adj
herpétologique
Of or relating to herpetology, the study of reptiles.

herpetologist herpetologists n
herpétologiste herpétologue
One who studies reptiles and amphibians; a reptile and amphibian specialist.

herpetology /ˌhɜː.pɪ.ˈtɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ herpetologies n
herpétologie
The branch of biology dealing with reptiles (Reptilia) and amphibians.

herring /ˈhɛɹɪŋ/ herring herrings n
hareng
Fish similar to those in genus Clupea, many of those in the order Clupeiformes.

herring gull herring gulls n
goéland
Any of a group of large seagulls in the Larus genus.

hers /əz/ /ɚz/ /ˈhɜːz/ /ˈhɝz/ pronoun
la sienne le sien les siennes les siens
That which belongs to her; the possessive case of she, used without a following noun. [from 12th c.]

herself /hɜːˈsɛlf/ /hɝˈsɛlf/ /əsɛlf/ /ɚsɛlf/ pronoun
elle-même
(reflexive pronoun) Her; the female object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject.
(emphatic) She; an intensive repetition of the female subject, often used to indicate the exclusiveness of that person as the only satisfier of the predicate.

hertz /hɜːs/ /hɜːts/ /hɝts/ hertz hertzes n
hertz
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of frequency; one (period or cycle of any periodic event) per second. Symbol: Hz

hesitant /ˈhɛzɪtənt/ more hesitant most hesitant adj
hésitant
Tending to hesitate, wait, or proceed with caution or reservation.

hesitate /ˈhez.ə.tæɪt/ /ˈhɛz.ə.teɪt/ /ˈhɛz.ɪ.teɪt/ v
hésiter
(intransitive) To stop or pause respecting decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty as to a determination.
(intransitive) To stammer; to falter in speaking.

hesitation /hɛzɪˈteɪʃən/ hesitations n
hésitation
An act of hesitating

hesperidium hesperidia n
hespéride
Any of several kinds of true berries, including citrus fruit such as the lemon and lime, which have pulpy interiors and leathery skins containing aromatic oils.

hetaera /hɪˈtaɪɹə/ /hɪˈtɪəɹə/ hetaerae hetaeras n
hétaïre
(historical, Ancient Greece) A highly cultivated hired female companion who would entertain upper-class male clients and might perform sex acts for them.

heteracanth adj
hétéracanthe
(botany) Having spines of different sizes.

hetero /ˈhɛ.ɾɚ.oʊ/ /ˈhɛt.(ə).ɹoʊ/ heteros n
hétéro
(informal) A heterosexual person.

hetero- prefix
hétéro-
other, different.

heteroazeotrope heteroazeotropes n
hétéroazéotrope

heterocarpy n
hétérocarpie
(botany) The production of multiple kinds of fruit on the same plant.

heterocentrism heterocentrisms n
hétérocentrisme
heterosexism; a focus on heterosexual issues

heterochromatic more heterochromatic most heterochromatic adj
hétérochromatique hétérochrome vairon
Having more than one colour; relating to heterochromia.

heterochromia heterochromias n
hétérochromie
(medicine, ophthalmology) An anatomical condition in which multiple pigmentations or colorings occur in the eyes, skin or hair.

heterochromia iridium n
hétérochromie
The condition of having two irises of different colors.

heteroclite /ˈhɛtəɹəʊklaɪt/ more heteroclite most heteroclite adj
hétéroclite
(grammar) Irregularly declined or inflected.
hétéroclite anormal
(dated) Deviating from the ordinary rule; eccentric, abnormal.

heteroclitic more heteroclitic most heteroclitic adj
hétéroclite

heterocracy heterocracies n
hétérocratie
A society influenced by heterosexual values

heterodont /ˈhɛtəɹəʊdɒnt/ /ˈhɛtəɹəˌdɑnt/ /ˈhɛtɹə-/ /ˈhɛtɹəʊdɒnt/ [-ɾəɹə-] [-ɾɹə-] adj
hétérodont
(zootomy) Having teeth of different types (like most mammals).

heterodox /ˈhɛtɛɹədɒks/ adj
hétérodoxe
Of or pertaining to creeds, beliefs, or teachings, especially religious ones, that are different from what a religion (or sect) believes to be orthodox, but adhering to that religion's established beliefs, and therefore not heretical.

heterodoxy /ˈhɛtɛɹədɒksi/ heterodoxies n
hétérodoxie
The quality of being heterodox.
A heterodox belief, creed, or teaching.

heteroduplex heteroduplexes heteroduplices n
hétéroduplex

heterogeneity heterogeneities n
hétérogénéité
(countable) A composition of diverse parts.

heterogeneous /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɑd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə)ˈɹɒd͡ʒ.ə.nəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹoʊˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəʊˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.ni.əs/ /ˌhɛt.(ə.)ɹəˈd͡ʒiː.nɪəs/ more heterogeneous most heterogeneous adj
hétérogène
Diverse in kind or nature; composed of diverse parts.

heterogeneous catalysis heterogeneous catalyses n
catalyse hétérogène
(chemistry) Catalysis in which the catalyst is present in a separate phase; normally the catalyst is a solid and the reactants are gas or liquid; it proceeds by the reaction of chemisorbed complexes.

heterographic /ˌhɛt.ə.ɹoʊˈɡɹæf.ik/ /ˌhɛt.ə.ɹəʊˈɡɹæf.ik/ adj
hétérographique
(linguistics) Of a writing system in which a particular symbol represents more than one possible sound.

heterolecithal adj
hétérolécithe

heterological adj
hétérologique
(grammar) Of a word, not describing itself.

heterologous more heterologous most heterologous adj
hétérologue
Having different relationships or different elements
(biology) Of, or relating to different species

heteronationalism heteronationalisms n
hétéronationalisme

heteronormative more heteronormative most heteronormative adj
hétéronormatif hétéronormative

heteronormativity heteronormativities n
hétéronormativité
The assumption that all human beings are either male or female in both sex and gender, and that sexual and romantic attraction and activity only occurs, or is only normal, between people of different sexes.

heteronym /ˈhɛt.ə.ɹoʊ.nɪm/ /ˈhɛt.ə.ɹə.nɪm/ /ˈhɛt.əɹ.ə(ʊ).nɪm/ heteronyms n
hétéronyme
(linguistics) A word having the same spelling as another, but a different pronunciation and meaning.
(literature) A fictitious character created by an author for the purpose of writing in a different style.

heteropatriarchy heteropatriarchies n
hétéropatriarcat
The dominance of heterosexual males in society.

heterophobe heterophobes n
hétérophobe
Someone who exhibits heterophobia.

heterophobia n
hétérophobie
Fear or resentment of heterosexuals or heterosexuality.

heterophobic more heterophobic most heterophobic adj
hétérophobe

heteroplasty heteroplasties n
hétéroplastie
The grafting of tissue between different individuals of the same or different species

heteropolymer heteropolymers n
hétéropolymère
(chemistry) A polymer derived from two or more different (but often similar) types of monomer

heteroscedastic more heteroscedastic most heteroscedastic adj
hétéroscédastique

heteroscedasticity /hɛtəɹoʊˌskɪdæsˈtɪsɪti/ heteroscedasticities n
hétéroscédasticité

heterosexism heterosexisms n
hétérosexisme
Discrimination or prejudice in favor of heterosexuals.

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ more heterosexual most heterosexual adj
hétérosexuel
Sexually attracted to members of the opposite sex.

heterosexual /ˌhɛtəɹoʊˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtəɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ /ˌhɛtɹəˈsɛkʃuəl/ heterosexuals n
hétérosexuel hétéro
A heterosexual person, or other heterosexual organism.

heterosexuality heterosexualities n
hétérosexualité
The state of being sexually and romantically attracted primarily or exclusively to persons of the opposite sex.
Sexual activity with a person of the opposite sex.

heterosexualization n
hétérosexualisation
The act or process of heterosexualizing.

heterosociality n
hétérosocialité
(sociology, psychology) Social interaction between men and women. [from 20th c.]

heterosome heterosomes n
hétérosome
(genetics) sex chromosome

heterosphere heterospheres n
hétérosphère
The upper part of the atmosphere, above about 60 miles or 100 km, in which there is great variation in its composition.

heterotroph /-ˌtɹɒf/ /hɛt(ə)ɹə(ʊ)ˈtɹɒf/ /ˈhɛt(ə)ɹə(ʊ)tɹəʊf/ /ˈhɛɾəɹəˌtɹoʊf/ heterotrophs n
hétérotrophe
(ecology) An organism which requires an external supply of energy in the form of food as it cannot synthesize its own.

heterozygosity heterozygosities n
hétérozygotie
The condition of being heterozygous.

heterozygote heterozygotes n
hétérozygote
(genetics) A diploid individual that has different alleles at one or more genetic loci.

heterozygous adj
hétérozygote
Of an organism which has two different alleles of a given gene.

heth heths n
cheth het heth hèt
The eighth letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

hetty /ˈhɛti/ hettier hettiest adj
hétéro
(gay slang) Heterosexual.

hetty /ˈhɛti/ hetties n
hétéro
(gay slang) A heterosexual.

heuristic /hjuˈɹɪstɪk/ /hjʊˈɹɪstɪk/ more heuristic most heuristic adj
heuristique
(of an approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery) That employs a practical method not guaranteed to be optimal or perfect; either not following or derived from any theory, or based on an advisedly oversimplified one. [from 1821]
(computing, of a method or algorithm) That provides a useful, but not optimal, solution to a problem. Such algorithms are typically employed either because the only known algorithms that provide optimal solutions use too much time or resources, or else because there is no known algorithm that provides an optimal solution.

heuristic /hjuˈɹɪstɪk/ /hjʊˈɹɪstɪk/ heuristics n
heuristique
A heuristic method. [from 1860]

heuristics /hjuˈɹɪstɪks/ n
heuristique

hew /hjuː/ v
tailler
(ambitransitive) To chop away at; to whittle down; to mow down.
accommoder assujettir façonner modeler se conformer
(transitive, US) To act according to, to conform to; usually construed with to.

hex /hɛks/ hexes n
sort sortilège
An evil spell or curse.
sorcière
A witch.

hex /hɛks/ v
ensorceler
(transitive) To cast a spell on (specifically an evil spell), to bewitch.

hexa- prefix
hexa-
six

hexabromocyclododecane hexabromocyclododecanes n
hexabromocyclododécane

hexadecagon hexadecagons n
hexadécagone
(geometry) A polygon with sixteen sides and sixteen angles.

hexadecimal /ˌhɛksəˈdɛsɪməl/ adj
hexadécimal
Of a number, expressed in hexadecimal.

hexadecimal /ˌhɛksəˈdɛsɪməl/ hexadecimals n
hexadécimal
(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base sixteen, using the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E and F, most used in computing as a hexadecimal digit can represent four bits, half a standard byte, and thus a single byte can be represented conveniently with two digits.

hexagon /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡɑn/ /ˈhɛk.sə.ɡən/ hexagons n
hexagone
(geometry) A polygon with six sides and six angles.

hexagonal /hɛkˈsæɡənəl/ adj
hexagonal hexagonale
(geometry) Having six edges, or having a cross-section in the form of a hexagon.

hexagram /ˈhɛksəɡɹæm/ hexagrams n
hexagramme
A hollow six-pointed star formed by overlapping two equilateral triangles. [1826]

hexahedron /hɛksəˈhiːdɹən/ hexahedra hexahedrons n
hexaèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with six faces. The regular hexahedron is the cube, and is one of the Platonic solids.

hexamerize v
hexamériser

hexameter hexameters n
hexamètre
(countable) A line in a poem having six metrical feet.
(uncountable) A poetic metre in which each line has six feet.

hexane /ˈhɛkseɪn/ hexanes n
hexane
(organic compound) Any of five isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons, C6H14. They are colorless, volatile liquids.

hexapawn /ˈhɛksəpɔːn/ n
hexapion
A board game played with three pawns on each side of a 3×3 board.

hexose hexoses n
hexose
(carbohydrate) A sugar or saccharide containing six carbon atoms.

hey /heɪ/ interjection
eh hep
hé
An exclamation to get attention.
A protest or reprimand.
holà
An expression of surprise.
coucou hé
(mostly, US) An informal greeting, similar to hi.

heyday /ˈheɪdeɪ/ heydays n
âge d’or
A period of success, popularity, or power; prime.

hi /ˈhaɪ̯/ interjection
salut
A friendly, informal, casual greeting said upon someone's arrival.

hi-hat hi-hats n
charleston charley
A pair of cymbals as part of a drum kit that clash together when actuated by the foot pedal.

hiatus /haɪˈeɪtəs/ hiatus hiatuses n
hiatus lacune
A gap in a series, making it incomplete.
hiatus discordance
(geology) A gap in geological strata.
hiatus
(anatomy) An opening in an organ.
(linguistics, uncountable) A syllable break between two vowels, without an intervening consonant. (Compare diphthong.)

hibakusha /hɪˈbɑːkʊʃə/ /ˈhɪbəˌkuːʃə/ /ˌhibəˈkuʃə/ hibakusha hibakushas n
hibakusha
A survivor of the 1945 atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

hibernate /ˈhaɪbə(r)ˌneɪt/ /ˈhaɪbərˌneɪt/ /ˈhʌɪbərˌneɪt/ [ˈhäɪbɚˌneɪt] [ˈhɑɪbəˌnɛɪt] [ˈhəɪbɚˌne(ɪ)t] v
hiberner hiverner
(intransitive, biology) To spend the winter in a dormant or inactive state of minimal activity, low body temperature, slow breathing and heart rate, and low metabolic rate; to go through a winter sleep.

hibernation /ˌhaɪ.bəɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.bəːˈneɪ.ʃən/ [ˌhaɪ.bəːˈneɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌhaɪ.bɚˈneɪ.ʃn̩] hibernations n
hibernation
(biology, sleep) A state of minimum power consumption, inactivity and metabolic depression in some animals during winter.
(computing) A standby state which conserves power by writing the contents of the memory to disk and completely power off the computer, in order that one will resume the session from the disk.

hibiscus /haɪˈbɪskəs/ /hɪˈbɪskəs/ hibisci hibiscuses n
hibiscus ibisque
A flowering plant of the genus Hibiscus, especially Hibiscus syriacus, found in tropical to temperate regions, of some species used for making infusions/tea.

hic et nunc more hic et nunc most hic et nunc adv
ici et maintenant

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ hiccups n
hoquet
A spasm of the diaphragm, or the resulting sound.
accroc anicroche cahot obstacle
(informal) A minor setback.

hiccup /ˈhɪkəp/ /ˈhɪkʌp/ v
hoqueter avoir le hoquet
(intransitive) To produce a hiccup; have the hiccups.

hiccups /ˈhɪkəps/ /ˈhɪkʌps/ n
hoquet
(usually, _, with "the") The condition of having the spasms of hiccupping.

hick /hɪk/ hicks n
plouc
(pejorative) An awkward, naive, clumsy and/or rude country person. [from early 18th c.]

hickey /ˈhɪk.i/ hickeys n
sucette suçon
(originally, US, slang) A bruise-like mark made during petting by pressing the mouth to the skin on one’s partner’s body and sucking. [from 1934]
truc bidule machin
(informal, slang) An object whose name is unknown or cannot be recalled. [from 1909]

hickory /ˈhɪkəɹiː/ /ˈhɪkɹiː/ adj
caryer noyer blanc
Of or pertaining to the hickory tree or its wood.

hidden /ˈhɪd(ə)n/ /ˈhɪdn/ more hidden most hidden adj
caché
Located or positioned out of sight; not visually apparent.
Obscure.

hidden gem hidden gems n
joyau caché
Something possessing a value or beauty that is not immediately apparent, which therefore has received far less recognition than it deserves.

hide /haɪd/ hides n
peau cuir
(countable) The skin of an animal.
affût cache
(countable) (mainly British) A covered structure from which hunters, birdwatchers, etc can observe animals without scaring them.
(countable) A covered structure to which a pet animal can retreat, as is recommended for snakes.

hide /haɪd/ v
cacher dissimuler masquer
(transitive) To put (something) in a place where it will be harder to discover or out of sight.
se cacher cacher
(intransitive) To put oneself in a place where one will be harder to find or out of sight.

hide and seek n
cache-cache
(playground game) A game where the players have to hide and one has to seek them out.

hide one's light under a bushel /ˌhaɪd wʌnz ˈlaɪt ˌʌndɚ‿ə ˈbʊʃ(ə)l/ /ˌhaɪd wʌnz ˈlaɪt ˌʌndɚ‿ə ˈbʊʃl̩/ v
dissimuler son talent faire preuve de modestie mettre son talent sous le boisseau
(idiomatic) To conceal one's positive qualities or talents, especially due to modesty or shyness; to avoid attention.

hideaway /ˈhaɪdəˌweɪ/ hideaways n
cachette

hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/ /ˈhɪd.iː.ʌs/ more hideous most hideous adj
hideux strident
Extremely or shockingly ugly.
strident
Having a very unpleasant or frightening sound
Morally offensive; shocking; detestable.
atroce répugnant
Hateful; shocking.

hideout /ˈhaɪdˌaʊt/ hideouts n
cachette
A place to hide.

hiding place /ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˌpleɪs/ hiding places n
cachette
A place where someone or something may be hidden.

hie /haɪ/ v
se dépêcher se hâter
(intransitive, poetic) To hasten; to go quickly, to hurry.

hierarchical /ˌhaɪəˈɹɑːkɪkəl/ /ˌhaɪˈɹɑːɹkɪkəl/ adj
hiérarchique
Pertaining to a hierarchy.
Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastic or priestly order.
Classified or arranged according to various criteria into successive ranks or grades.

hierarchical database hierarchical databases n
base de données hiérarchique
(databases) A database whose records are linked in a tree-like structure, each child record having a single primary parent.

hierarchically /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌæk.ɪkli/ /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌɑː(ɹ)k.ɪk.æli/ /ˈhaɪə(ɹ)ˌɑː(ɹ)k.ɪkli/ more hierarchically most hierarchically adv
hiérarchiquement
Of, relating to, or arranged in a hierarchy

hierarchization hierarchizations n
hiérarchisation

hierarchize v
hiérarchiser
(transitive) To arrange in a hierarchy.

hierarchy /ˈhaɪ.ə.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ /ˈhaɪ.ɹɑː(ɹ).ki/ hierarchies n
hiérarchie
A body of authoritative officials organized in nested ranks.
Any group of objects ranked so that every one but the topmost is subordinate to a specified one above it.

hieratic /ˌhaɪ(ə)ˈɹætɪk/ adj
hiératique
Of or pertaining to the cursive writing system that developed alongside the hieroglyphic system as its ordinary handwritten counterpart.
(art) Extremely stylized, restrained or formal; adhering to fixed types or methods; severe in emotional import.

hieraticism n
hiératisme
priesthood, its principles and practices

hieroglyph /ˈhaɪ.ɹəʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪ.ɹəˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.oʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈhaɪɚ.əˌɡlɪf/ hieroglyphs n
hiéroglyphe
An element of a hieroglyphic writing system.

hieroglyphic /ˌhaɪɹəˈɡlɪfɪk/ more hieroglyphic most hieroglyphic adj
hiéroglyphique
of, relating to, or written with this system of symbols

hierology hierologies n
hiérologie
The comparative and historical study of religions.

hieromonk hieromonks n
hiéromoine
A monk of the Eastern Church who is also a priest.

hierophant /ˈhaɪəɹəˌfænt/ /ˈhaɪɹəˌfænt/ hierophantes hierophants n
hiérophante
(Ancient Greece) An ancient Greek priest who interpreted sacred mysteries, especially the priest of the Eleusinian Mysteries.
One who explains or makes a commentary.

hierophantic /hʌɪəɹəʊˈfantɪk/ more hierophantic most hierophantic adj
hiérophantique
Of or relating to a hierophant.

hierophany /ˌhaɪ.əˈɹɒ.fə.ni/ /ˌhaɪˈɹɒ.fə.ni/ hierophanies n
hiérophanie
(religion) A physical manifestation of the holy or sacred, serving as a spiritual eidolon for emulation or worship.

higgledy-piggledy /ˈhɪɡəldiˌpɪɡəldi/ more higgledy-piggledy most higgledy-piggledy adj
désordre pêle-mêle
In utter disorder or confusion; mixed up.

higgledy-piggledy /ˈhɪɡəldiˌpɪɡəldi/ more higgledy-piggledy most higgledy-piggledy adv
désordre pêle-mêle
In a confused, disordered, or random way.

high /ˈhaɪ/ [haɪ̯] higher highest adj
haut
Physically elevated, extending above a base or average level:
Relatively elevated; rising or raised above the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
Very elevated; extending or being far above a base; tall; lofty.
(acoustics) Acute or shrill in pitch, due to being of greater frequency, i.e. produced by more rapid vibrations (wave oscillations).
élevé haut
Large, great (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc).
défoncé foncedé gelé
(phonetics) Made with some part of the tongue positioned high in the mouth, relatively close to the palate.
vené
(of meat, especially venison) Strong-scented; slightly tainted/spoiled; beginning to decompose.

high altar high altars n
maître-autel
The main altar in a church, situated on the main axis at the east of the chancel or choir.

high card n
carte haute
(poker) A hand which has no pairs and is not a straight or a flush. The lowest possible winning hand in poker.

high commissioner high commissioners n
haut-commissaire
Any of various high-ranking officials, often diplomats.

high crime /ˌhaɪ ˈkɹaɪm/ high crimes n
haut crime
(law) A major crime or wrongdoing, notably one subject to trial before the highest courts which may impose the gravest punishments.

high definition high definitions n
haute définition
(uncountable) Enhanced picture quality on a TV or any other display.

high fidelity n
haute-fidélité
The electronic reproduction of a given sound or image with relatively high accuracy.

high five /haɪ faɪv/ v
en taper cinq toper
To slap high fives.

high heels n
escarpins talons talons hauts
High-heeled shoes.

high island high islands n
île volcanique

high jump n
saut en hauteur
(uncountable) An athletics event where a competitor must jump over a bar placed gradually higher and higher.

high jumper high jumpers n
sauteur en hauteur
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the high jump.

high life n
mener grand train mener la vie à grandes guides
An extravagant lifestyle.

high priest high priests n
grand prêtre grand-prêtre
(religion) A clergyman with a higher function than a normal priest.
Grand Prêtre Grand-prêtre souverain sacrificateur
In the Bible, the male person who was responsible for making the annual sacrifice on the Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur). Always a descendant of Aaron the older brother of Moses.

high priestess high priestesses n
grande prêtresse grande-prêtresse
A female clergyman with a higher function than a normal priestess.

high relief high reliefs n
haut-relief
(sculpture) A form of classical sculpture in which forms extend from the background by at least half of their depth.

high roller /ˈhaɪ ˈɹoʊlɚ/ /ˈhaɪ ˈɹəʊlə/ high rollers n
flambeur
(gambling) A gambler who wagers large amounts of money, usually in a casino.
flambeur flambeuse
One who has a lot of money and lives luxuriously.

high school /ˈhaɪ.skul/ /ˈhʌɪskul/ [ˈhɐɪsku̟ɫ] high schools n
lycée école secondaire collège

high school student n
lycéen lycéenne

high seas n
haute mer pleine mer grand large large
(nautical) Regions of the ocean that are far from shore, especially those regions that do not belong to any country.

high society high societies n
haute société
The socially interacting wealthy fashionable elite of a society, especially in Western societies.

high street high streets n
rue principale grande rue
(British, Irish, parts of New England) The main street of any town.

high technology high technologies n
high-tech hautes technologies technologies de pointe
Any highly technical or specialized technological application or equipment, especially one that involves complex electronics or computing

high tide high tides n
marée haute mer haute pleine mer
The natural tide at its highest level for a particular tidal cycle at a certain place.
mer haute
The time of day when the sea has risen to its highest level.

high time high times n
il est grand temps il est plus que temps

high treason n
haute trahison
Criminal disloyalty to one's country.

high vacuum high vacuums n
ultravide
(physics) A vacuum having a pressure less than about a hundred millipascals

high-beam high-beams n
feux de route
The setting of an automobile's headlights adjusted to brighten a longer distance in front of the car, than when on the normal (low-beam) setting.

high-class more high-class most high-class adj
haut de gamme
Recognized for its quality.

high-definition television high-definition televisions n
télévision haute définition

high-end adj
haut de gamme
Most sophisticated or expensive

high-handed more high-handed most high-handed adj
arrogant autocratique autoritaire cavalier despotique hautain
Using power or authority without proper consideration for the feelings or rights of others.

high-heeled adj
talon haut
(footwear) Having tall heels.

high-level language high-level languages n
langage de haut niveau
(programming) A programming language requiring a compiler to translate it into a form that a particular machine understands, focusing on user-friendly code development by automating core tasks such as accessing memory.

high-ranking more high-ranking most high-ranking adj
de haut rang haut placé
At an important, elevated, or exalted level in a hierarchy or organization; high-level.

high-resolution higher-resolution highest-resolution adj
haute résolution
Having a high resolution; for example, having a large number of pixels per unit area.

high-rise high-rises n
tour d'habitation
A tall building, one consisting of many storeys.

high-speed higher-speed highest-speed adj
à grande vitesse
That operates, moves or takes place at a greater than normal speed.

high-speed rail n
grande vitesse ferroviaire
(rail transport) A type of rail transport that operates significantly faster than traditional rail traffic, using an integrated system of specialized rolling stock and dedicated tracks.

high-tension more high-tension most high-tension adj
haute tension
Having a relatively high voltage.

high-voltage transmission line /ˈhaɪvoʊltɪdʒ tɹænsˈmɪʃən laɪn/ high-voltage transmission lines n
ligne à haute tension
Overhead transmission line from the power station to a transmission substation.

highborn adj
bien né
Of, pertaining to, or befitting people of high social standing.

highbrow adj
intello
(sometimes, derogatory) Intellectually stimulating, highly cultured, sophisticated.

highbrow highbrows n
intello

highchair highchairs n
chaise haute
An elevated chair, often including a built-in tray, used for feeding babies and toddlers.

higher education n
enseignement supérieur études supérieures
Education at university level or beyond.

highland /ˈhaɪ.lənd/ /ˈhaɪ.lɪnd/ highlands n
hautes terres hauts-plateaux
A high area; land that is higher than surrounding areas.

highlander /ˈhaɪləndə/ /ˈhaɪləndəɹ/ highlanders n
montagnard montagnarde
A person who inhabits the Scottish Highlands.

highlands n
hautes terres
A high area of land, lands higher than surrounding areas.

highlight /ˈhaɪ.ˌlaɪt/ highlights n
rehaut réhaut
(painting, photography) An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated.
fait saillant instant le plus marquant moment le plus marquant temps fort
(figurative) An especially significant or interesting detail or event or period of time.

highlight /ˈhaɪ.ˌlaɪt/ v
souligner mettre en valeur
(transitive) To make prominent; emphasize.
surligner
(transitive) To mark (important passages of text), e.g. with a fluorescent marker pen or in a wordprocessor, as a means of memory retention or for later reference.

highlighter highlighters n
surligneur
A marker pen used to highlight text.

highlights n
faits saillants les temps forts résumé
Summary of an event, such as a sporting event, focussing on the most entertaining or consequential aspects; compilation of each highlight of that event

highly /ˈhaɪli/ highlier highliest more highly most highly adv
extrêmement
Extremely; greatly; very much.

highness /ˈhaɪnəs/ highnesses n
altesse
The state of being high.

hight /haɪt/ v
s'appeler nommer

highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ highways n
autoroute chaussée grand chemin grand’route
A main public road, especially a multi-lane, high-speed thoroughfare.

highway robbery highway robberies n
vol de grand chemin
(historical, literal) The act of robbing a traveler on a public road.

highwayman /ˈhaɪˌweɪmən/ highwaymen n
bandit de grand chemin brigand malandrin
(historical) A person, usually mounted on horseback, who robbed travelers on public roads.

hijab /hɪˈd͡ʒæb/ /hɪˈd͡ʒɑːb/ hijabs n
hidjab
(countable) A traditional headscarf worn by Muslim women, covering the hair and neck.

hijack /ˈhaɪ.dʒæk/ hijacks n
détournement
An instance of hijacking; the illegal seizure of a vehicle; a hijacking.

hijack /ˈhaɪ.dʒæk/ v
détourner
To forcibly seize control of some vehicle in order to rob it or to reach a destination (especially an airplane, truck or a boat).

hijiki n
hijiki
Sargassum fusiforme, a brown seaweed used in Japanese cuisine. [from 20th c.]

hike /haɪk/ hikes n
randonnée
A long walk, usually for pleasure or exercise. [from c. 1900]
augmentation hausse
An abrupt increase.

hike /haɪk/ v
randonner partir en randonnée
To take a long walk for pleasure or exercise.

hiker /ˈhaɪkɚ/ hikers n
randonneur randonneuse
One who hikes, especially frequently.

hiking /ˈhaɪkɪŋ/ hikings n
randonnée randonnée pédestre
Walking in the countryside for pleasure or sport.

hilarious /hɪˈlæɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛ(ə)ɹiəs/ /hɪˈlɛəɹiəs/ more hilarious most hilarious adj
hilarant
Very funny; causing great merriment and laughter.

hilarity /hɪˈlæɹɪ.ti/ hilarities n
hilarité

hill /hɪl/ [hɪɫ] hills n
colline
An elevated landmass smaller than a mountain.
côte
A sloping road.

hill start hill starts n
démarrage en côte

hillbilly /ˈhɪlbɪli/ hillbillies n
péquenaud
(often, _, pejorative) Someone who is from the hills; especially from a rural area, with a connotation of a lack of refinement or sophistication.

hillock /ˈhɪl.ək/ hillocks n
tertre mamelon mondrain monticule
A small hill.

hillside hillsides n
coteau flanc de coteau
The side of a hill.

hilltop /ˈhɪltɒp/ hilltops n
cime pic pinacle sommet

hilly /ˈhɪli/ hillier hilliest adj
vallonné
(of a landscape) Abundant in hills; having many hills.

hilt /hɪlt/ hilts n
poignée
The handle of a sword, consisting of grip, guard, and pommel, designed to facilitate use of the blade and afford protection to the hand.

hilum /ˈhaɪ.ləm/ hila n
hile
(botany) The eye of a bean or other seed; the mark or scar at the point of attachment of an ovule or seed to its base or support.

him /əm/ /ˈhɪm/ [ɪ̈m] pronoun
le
With accusative effect or as a direct object. [from 12th c.]
lui
With dative effect or as an indirect object. [from 9th c.]
With nominative effect: he, especially as a predicate after be, or following a preposition. [from 15th c.]

himation himatia himations n
himation
(historical) A rectangular cloak of linen or wool, worn in Ancient Greece, usually over a chiton.

himself /hɪmˈsɛlf/ /ɪ̈msɛlf/ pronoun
se lui-même
(reflexive pronoun) Him; the male object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject
lui-même
(emphatic) He; used as an intensifier, often to emphasize that the referent is the exclusive participant in the predicate

hin hins n
hin
(historical, _, units of measure) A former Hebrew liquid measure of volume (about 3.8 L).

hind /haɪnd/ hinder hindmost adj
arrière postérieur
Located at the rear (most often said of animals' body parts).

hind /haɪnd/ hinds n
biche
A female deer, especially a red deer at least two years old.

hind leg /haɪnd.lɛɡ/ hind legs n
patte arrière patte de derrière patte postérieure
Either of the two legs towards the rear of a four-legged animal.

hind limb hind limbs n
membre caudal membre pelvien membre postérieur
A posterior limb on an animal. When referring to quadrupeds, the term hind leg is often instead used.

hinder /ˈhaɪn.də/ /ˈhaɪn.dɚ/ adj
arrière derrière
of or belonging to that part in the rear

hinder /ˈhɪndə/ /ˈhɪndɚ/ v
entraver
(transitive) To make difficult to accomplish; to act as an obstacle; to frustrate.
entraver délayer
(ambitransitive) To delay or impede; to keep back, to prevent.

hindquarter hindquarters n
derrière

hindrance /ˈhɪndɹəns/ hindrances n
obstacle entrave
Something which hinders: something that holds back or causes problems with something else.

hindsight /ˈhaɪn(d)saɪt/ hindsights n
recul
Realization or understanding of the significance and nature of events after they have occurred.

hinge /ˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ hinges n
charnière gond
A jointed or flexible device that allows the pivoting of a door etc.

hinge /ˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ v
dépendre reposer
(Should we move, merge or split(+) this sense?) (intransitive, with on or upon) To depend on something.

hinge on v
dépendre
To depend on; to be contingent upon.

hinny /ˈhɪ.ni/ hinnies n
bardot bardeau
The hybrid offspring of a stallion (male horse) and a she-ass (female donkey).

hint /hɪnt/ hints n
indice
A clue.
soupçon
A small, barely detectable amount.

hint /hɪnt/ v
faire allusion
(transitive) To bring to mind by a slight mention or remote allusion; to suggest in an indirect manner.

hinterland /-lənd/ /ˈhɪntə(ɹ)ˌlænd/ hinterlands n
arrière-pays
The land immediately next to, and inland from, a coast.
The rural territory surrounding an urban area, especially a port.
A remote or undeveloped area, a backwater.

hip /hɪp/ hipper hippest adj
branché
(slang) Aware, informed, up-to-date, trendy. [from early 20th c., popularized in 1960s]

hip /hɪp/ hips n
cynorrhodon
The fruit of a rose.
hanche
(slang, possibly, dated) A drug addict, especially someone addicted to a narcotic like heroin.

hip bone hip bones n
os coxal os de la hanche
(anatomy) One of two roughly symmetrical skeleton parts, each composed of the fused iliac, ischial and pubic bones, that together form the sides of the pelvis.

hip hip hooray interjection
hip hip hip hourra
An exclamation of congratulations and/or celebration, especially in response to a call for "three cheers for" the person. Often the person calling for the cheers will yell "Hip! Hip!", the crowd replying "Hooray!"

hip-hop /ˈhɪp.hɑːp/ /ˈhɪp.hɒp/ n
hip hop hip-hop
An Afro-American urban youth culture based on rap music, breakdancing etc.

hippiater hippiaters n
hippiatre
(rare) A veterinarian specializing in horse care.

hippic /ˈhɪpɪk/ more hippic most hippic adj
hippique équin
Relating to horses or horse-riding.

hippocampus hippocampi hippocampuses n
hippocampe
(mythological creature) A mythological creature with the front head and forelimbs of a horse and the rear of a dolphin.
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) A part of the brain located inside the temporal lobe, consisting mainly of grey matter. It is a component of the limbic system and plays a role in memory and emotion.

hippocras /ˈhɪpəʊkɹas/ n
hypocras
(historical) A cordial, made from a spiced wine mixed with sugar and spices, usually including cinnamon, which are strained out by a cloth before the drink is consumed.

hippodrome /ˈhɪpəˌdɹəʊm/ hippodromes n
hippodrome
A horse racing course.

hippogriff /ˈhɪpəɡɹɪf/ hippogriffs n
hippogriffe
a mythical beast, half griffin and half horse, supposedly the offspring of a griffin and a filly.

hippology n
hippologie
The study of horses.

hippophagy n
hippophagie

hippopotamus /hɪ.po.poˈta.mʊs/ /hɪ.poˈpo.ta.mʊs/ /ˌhi.po.ˈpo.te.mɔs/ /ˌhi.po̞.po̞.ˈte̞ː.mo̞s/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.tə.məs/ /ˌhɪp.əˈpɒt.ə.məs/ [ˌhɪp.əˈpɑ.ɾə.məs] hippopotami hippopotamus hippopotamuses n
hippopotame hippo cheval marin
A large, semi-aquatic, herbivorous (plant-eating) African mammal (Hippopotamus amphibius; common hippopotamus).

hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia /ˌhɪ.pəˌpɒ.tə(ʊ)ˈmɒn.stɹə(ʊ)ˌsɛs.kwɪ.pɪˌdɑːl.ɪ.ə(ʊ)ˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ n
hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobie hippopotomonstrosesquipédaliophobie
(humorous) The fear of long words.

hiragana /ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡæ.nə/ /ˌhɪ.ɹəˈɡɑː.nə/ hiragana hiraganas n
hiragana
(uncountable) The main syllabary for the Japanese language, used to represent native Japanese words, including particles, and when kanji is used, to represent verb and adjective endings.

hircine /ˈhɜːsaɪn/ /ˈhɝsaɪn/ /ˈhɝsɪn/ more hircine most hircine adj
hircin
(book word, not comparable) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of goats.

hircocervus n
hircocerf

hire /haɪə/ /haɪɹ/ /ˈhaɪə/ /ˈhaɪɚ/ v
louer
(transitive) To obtain the services of in return for fixed payment.
employer recruter engager embaucher
(transitive) To employ; to obtain the services of (a person) in exchange for remuneration; to give someone a job.

hirsute /həːˈsjuːt/ /həːˈsuːt/ /hɚˈsut/ more hirsute most hirsute adj
hirsute
Covered in hair or bristles; hairy.

hirsuties n
hirsutisme

hirsutism hirsutisms n
hirsutisme
(dermatology) Excessive and increased hair growth in locations where terminal hair is normally minimal or absent.

hirudin hirudins n
hirudine
(protein) A peptide, obtained from the salivary glands of leeches, that is used as an anticoagulant.

his /əz/ /ɪ̈z/ /ˈhɘz/ /ˈhɪz/ determiner
son sa ses
Belonging to him. [from 8th c.]

his /əz/ /ɪ̈z/ /ˈhɘz/ /ˈhɪz/ pronoun
la sienne le sien les siennes les siens
That which belongs to him; the possessive case of he, used without a following noun.

hiss /hɪs/ hisses n
sifflement
A sibilant sound, such as that made by a snake or escaping steam; an unvoiced fricative.
siffler
An expression of disapproval made using such a sound.

hiss /hɪs/ v
siffler
(intransitive) To make a hissing sound.

histamine /ˈhɪstəmiːn/ histamines n
histamine
(neurotransmitter) An amine, C5H9N3, formed by decarboxylation of histidine, that causes dilatation of capillaries, contraction of smooth muscle, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion; it is released during allergic reactions.

histidine histidines n
histidine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C6H9N3O2 found in most animal proteins; essential for tissue growth and repair.

histocompatibility histocompatibilities n
histocompatibilité
The toleration of grafts between genetically similar individuals

histogenesis histogeneses n
histogenèse
(biology) the formation and development of the tissues of an organism from embryonic cells

histogram /ˈhɪstəˌɡɹæm/ histograms n
histogramme
(statistics) A graphical display of numerical data in the form of upright bars, with the area of each bar representing frequency.

histological adj
histologique
Pertaining to histology.

histologist /hɪˈstɑlədʒɪst/ histologists n
histologiste
(biology) One who studies histology.

histology /hɪsˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ histologies n
histologie
(biology) The study of the microscopic structure, chemical composition and function of the tissue or tissue systems of plants and animals.

histolysis histolyses n
histolyse
breakdown of bodily tissues

histone /ˈhɪstoʊn/ /ˈhɪstəʊn/ histones n
histone
(biochemistry) Any of various simple water-soluble proteins that are rich in the basic amino acids lysine and arginine and are complexed with DNA in the nucleosomes of eukaryotic chromatin.

histophysiology n
histophysiologie

historian /hɪˈstɑɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔəɹɪən/ /hɪˈstɔɹi.ən/ /hɪˈstɔːɹɪən/ historians n
historien historienne
A writer of history; a chronicler; an annalist.
One who studies or researches history.

historic /(h)ɪˈstɑɹɪk/ /(h)ɪˈstɒɹɪk/ /(h)ɪˈstɔɹɪk/ more historic most historic adj
historique
Very important; noteworthy: having importance or significance in history.

historic site historic sites n
lieu historique monument historique
a place where an important event in history took place

historical /hɪˈstɑɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɒɹɪkəl/ /hɪˈstɔɹɪkəl/ more historical most historical adj
historique
(uncommon) Synonym of historic: important or likely to be important to history and historians.

historical cost historical costs n
coût d'acquisition coût historique valeur d'acquisition

historical criticism n
critique historique
The systematic study of received texts, especially the Bible, as documents composed in a particular historical context with varying reliability as sources.

historical linguistics n
linguistique diachronique linguistique historique
(linguistics) The scientific study of language change.

historical materialism n
matérialisme historique

historical present n
présent historique
(grammar) The present tense as used when referring to real past events, to add immediacy to what is being said or written.
(grammar) The present tense as used when writing a fictional narrative.

historically more historically most historically adv
historiquement
In a historic manner; with reference to history or the historical record.

historicism historicisms n
historicisme
A theory that events are influenced by historical conditions, rather than by people.
(theology) A method of interpretation in Christian eschatology which attempts to associate Biblical prophecies with actual historical events and symbolic beings with historical persons or societies.

historicity /ˌhɪstəˈɹɪsɪti/ historicities n
historicité
Historical quality or authenticity based on fact.

historiographer /hɪˌstɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfəɹ/ historiographers n
historiographe
A scholar who studies historiography.

historiography /hɪˌstɔɹiˈɑɡɹəfi/ historiographies n
historiographie
(uncountable) The study of the discipline and practice of history and the writings of past historians.

history /ˈhɪs.t(ə.)ɹi/ /ˈhɪs.tɹɪ/ histories n
histoire
The aggregate of past events.
The branch of knowledge that studies the past; the assessment of notable events.
histoire passé
(countable) A record or narrative description of past events.
historique anamnèse
(countable, medicine) A list of past and continuing medical conditions of an individual or family.
historique histoire
(countable, computing) A record of previous user events, especially of visited web pages in a browser.

history of ideas histories of ideas n
histoire des idées
(This entry is a translation hub.)

history repeats itself proverb
l'histoire se répète
Things that have happened in the past will or tend to happen again in one way or another.

histrionic /hɪstɹiˈɑnɪk/ /hɪstɹiːˈɒnɪk/ more histrionic most histrionic adj
théâtral
Of or relating to actors or acting.
histrionique
(by extension) Excessively dramatic or emotional, especially with the intention to draw attention.

histrionic personality disorder histrionic personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité histrionique

histrionics /hɪstɹiˈɑnɪks/ /hɪstɹiˈɒnɪks/ n
histrionisme théâtralisme
Exaggerated, overemotional behaviour, especially when calculated to elicit a response; melodramatics.

hit /hɪt/ hits n
coup
A blow; a punch; a striking against; the collision of one body against another; the stroke that touches anything.
frappe
An attack on a location, person or people.
bonne cible portée efficace
A collision of a projectile with the target.
hit résultat
(computing, Internet) A match found by searching a computer system or search engine
frappe hit résultat
(Internet) A measured visit to a web site, a request for a single file from a web server.
tube hit coup sûr schlager
(baseball) The complete play, when the batter reaches base without the benefit of a walk, error, or fielder’s choice.
bouffée taffe
(colloquial) A dose of an illegal or addictive drug.
contrat
A premeditated murder done for criminal or political purposes.
tube hit schlager
(backgammon) A move that throws one of the opponent's men back to the entering point.

hit /hɪt/ v
cogner
(transitive) To come into contact with forcefully and suddenly.
descendre
(transitive, slang) To kill a person, usually on the instructions of a third party.
frapper battre
(transitive) To administer a blow to, directly or with a weapon or missile.
toucher
(transitive) To manage to touch (a target) in the right place.
frapper
(transitive) To affect negatively.
taper
(backgammon) To take up, or replace by a piece belonging to the opposing player; said of a single unprotected piece on a point.
(transitive, US, slang) To have sex with.

hit a snag v
tomber sur un os
(idiomatic) To encounter an unexpected problem or delay.

hit and run hit and runs n
délit de fuite
(legal) The crime of causing an accident, as with a motor vehicle, and leaving without acknowledging responsibility.
tactique du hit-and-run
(military) The military technique of attacking one place and then quickly moving to another before defenders can react.

hit home v
faire mouche
(idiomatic) To be especially memorable, meaningful, or significant; to be fully understood, believed or appreciated.

hit it off v
sympathiser
(informal) To develop an amicable relationship (with), especially in a sudden manner during an initial encounter.

hit on v
draguer cruiser
(transitive, slang) To flirt with; to approach and speak to (someone), seeking romance, love, sex, etc.

hit point hit points n
point de vie
(chiefly, RPG) A unit of damage, used to specify the amount of damage a character or object can withstand before it is defeated or destroyed.

hit someone for six v
anéantir dévaster
(idiomatic) To affect in a devastating way by some unexpected news.

hit the ground running v
se donner à fond sans attendre se mettre au travail tout de suite
(idiomatic) To begin an activity immediately and with full commitment.

hit the hay v
aller dormir se coucher
(slang) To go to bed.

hit the headlines v
faire la une faire les gros titres

hit the jackpot v
gagner le gros lot toucher le jackpot
(idiomatic) To receive a more favorable outcome than imagined, especially by good luck.

hit the nail on the head v
faire mouche
(idiomatic) To identify something exactly; to arrive at exactly the right answer.

hit the road v
prendre la route
(idiomatic) To begin traveling in an automobile or other road vehicle.
mettre les voiles
(idiomatic) To leave a place; to go away.

hit the rocks v
toucher le fond
(idiomatic) To reach a low point in one's pursuits.

hit the roof v
sortir de ses gonds
(idiomatic) To be explosively angry; to lose one's temper.

hit the spot v
faire mouche mettre dans le mille passer crème
(idiomatic, informal) To be particularly pleasing or appropriate; to be just right.

hitch /hɪt͡ʃ/ hitches n
nœud d'accroche
Any of various knots used to attach a rope to an object other than another rope.
dispositif
A fastener or connection point, as for a trailer.
accroc anicroche hic
(informal) A problem, delay or source of difficulty.
hic défaut
A hidden or unfavorable condition or element.

hitchhike /ˈhɪt͡ʃhaɪk/ v
faire de l'[[auto-stop]] faire du stop
To try to get a ride in a passing vehicle while standing at the side of a road, generally by either sticking out one's finger or thumb or holding a sign with one's stated destination.

hitchhiker hitchhikers n
autostoppeur pouceux
A person or thing that hitchhikes.

hitching post hitching posts n
poteau d'attelage
A post to which a horse (or other animal) may be tethered to prevent it from straying.

hither /ˈhɪðə/ /ˈhɪðɚ/ adv
ici çà
(literary, or, archaic) To this place, to here.

hither and thither /-ˈθɪðə/ /-ˈθɪðɚ/ /ˌhɪðəɹ‿n̩ ˈðɪðə/ /ˌhɪðɚ‿n̩ ˈðɪðɚ/ adv
çà et là
(figuratively) In a disorderly manner.

hitherto /ˈhɪðəˌtuː/ /ˈhɪðɚˌtu/ /ˌhɪðəˈtuː/ /ˌhɪðɚˈtu/ [ˈhɪðəˌtʰuː] [ˈhɪðɚˌtʰu] [ˌhɪðəˈtʰuː] [ˌhɪðɚˈtʰu] adv
jusqu'alors jusqu'ici jusqu'à maintenant jusqu'à présent
(formal, also, _, legal) Up to this or that time or point.

hitman /ˈhɪtmæːn/ /ˈhɪtmən/ hitmen n
tueur à gages sicaire
A contract killer, especially one paid by the mafia.

hmm /hm̩/ [m̥m̩˦˨] interjection
hum
Indicating thinking or pondering.

ho /hoʊ/ /həʊ/ heaux hoes hos n
pute
(slang, derogatory) A whore; a sexually promiscuous woman; in general use as a highly offensive term of abuse for a woman with connotations of loose sexuality.

hoar /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoɹ/ /hɔː/ n
blanc-gris
A white or greyish-white colour.

hoar frost /ˈhoɹ ˌfɹɑst/ /ˈhɔː fɹɒst/ hoar frosts n
gelée blanche givre
(specifically, meteorology) Water vapour which has undergone deposition or desublimation when the air is cold and moist to form a white deposit on exposed surfaces.

hoard /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ hoards n
magot
A hidden supply or fund.
trésor
(archaeology) A cache of valuable objects or artefacts; a trove.

hoard /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ v
amasser thésauriser accumuler
To amass, usually for one's own private collection.

hoarder /ˈhoɹdɚ/ /ˈhɔɹdɚ/ /ˈhɔːdə/ hoarders n
collectionneur
One who hoards; one who accumulates, collects, and stores, especially one who does so to excess.

hoarding /ˈhɔːdɪŋ/ hoardings n
hourd
(architecture, historical) A roofed wooden shield placed over the battlements of a castle and projecting from them.
syllogomanie
(psychology) An anxiety disorder characterized by a compulsive need to accumulate goods and feelings of anxiety or discomfort about discarding such goods.

hoarse /hoəs/ /hoɹs/ /hoː(ə)ɹs/ /hoːɹs/ /hɔːs/ [ho̞ɹs] hoarser hoarsest adj
enroué rauque
Having a dry, harsh tone to the voice, as a result of a sore throat, age, emotion, etc.

hoarsely more hoarsely most hoarsely adv
sèchement

hoary /hɔɹ.i/ /hɔː.ɹi/ hoarier hoariest adj
chenu
White or grey with age.

hoatzin /ˈwætsiːn/ /ˈwætsɪn/ /ˈwɑːtsiːn/ /ˈwɑːtsɪn/ hoatzins n
hoazin sassa
A bird, Opisthocomus hoazin, with claws on the wing fingers of the juvenile and an enlarged crop used as a rumen.

hoax /hoʊks/ /həʊks/ hoaxes n
canular intox mystification
Anything deliberately intended to deceive or trick.

hoax /hoʊks/ /həʊks/ v
berner duper
(transitive) To deceive (someone) by making them believe something that has been maliciously or mischievously fabricated.

hob /hɑb/ /hɒb/ hobs n
armure
A kind of cutting tool, used to cut the teeth of a gear.
plan de cuisson
(British, Irish, AU, NZ) The top cooking surface on a cooker; a cooktop. It typically comprises several cooking elements (often four), also known as 'rings'.

hobbit /ˈhɒbɪt/ [-ɪʔ] hobbits hobbitses n
hobbit
A member of a fictional race of small humanoids with shaggy hair and hairy feet. [from 20th c.]
homme de Florès
An extinct species of hominin, Homo floresiensis, with a short body and relatively small brain, fossils of which have been recovered from the Indonesian island of Flores. [from 21st c.]

hobble /ˈhɒbəl/ hobbles n
abot entrave
(mostly, in the plural) One of the short straps tied between the legs of unfenced horses, allowing them to wander short distances but preventing them from running off.

hobble /ˈhɒbəl/ v
boiter
To walk lame, or unevenly.

hobby /ˈhɑ.bi/ /ˈhɒ.bi/ hobbies n
passe-temps hobby
An activity that one enjoys doing in one's spare time.
hobereau
Any of four species of small falcons in the genus Falco, especially Falco subbuteo.

hobby horse hobby horses n
dada cheval bâton cheval chaussette
A child's toy consisting of a (usually wooden or cloth) horse's head mounted on a stick.
dada violon d'Ingres
(figuratively) A topic about which someone loves to talk at great length.
cheval-jupon masque-cheval
A puppet-like costume used in some traditional dances and festivals that gives its wearer the appearance of a man on horseback.
draisienne
(cycling, historical) An early bicycle with no pedals or brakes.

hobbyist /ˈhɑb.i.ɪst/ /ˈhɒb.ɪ.ɪst/ hobbyists n
amateur
A person who is interested in an activity or a subject as a hobby.

hobgoblin hobgoblins n
hobgoblin lutin
A small, ugly goblin that makes trouble for humans. [from 1520s]

hobo /ˈhoʊ.boʊ/ /ˈhəʉ.bəʉ/ /ˈhəʊ.bəʊ/ hoboes hobos n
sans-abri
vagabond clochard clodo
(North America) A wandering homeless person, especially (historical) one illegally travelling by rail or (pejorative) a penniless, unemployed bum.
saisonnier
(North America) Any migratory laborer, whether homeless or not.

hock /hɑk/ /hɒk/ hocks n
jarret
(countable) The tarsal joint of a digitigrade quadruped, such as a horse, pig or dog.

hockey /ˈhɑki/ /ˈhɒki/ n
hockey hockey sur gazon hockey sur glace
(North America) Ice hockey, a game on ice in which two teams of six players skate and try to score by shooting a puck into the opposing team's net, using their sticks.

hockey player hockey players n
hockeyeur hockeyeuse
(North America) An ice hockey player.
(British) A field hockey player.

hockey puck hockey pucks n
palet rondelle
(ice hockey) A small black flat roundel of hardened rubber used as a playing piece in ice hockey to score points by moving the puck into the opponent's goal net.

hockey stick hockey sticks n
bâton de hockey crosse
(North America, ice hockey) A stick used to handle the puck in ice hockey, having a flat, angled blade at the end.
bâton de hockey
(British, field hockey) A stick used to handle the ball in field hockey, having a flat-faced hook at the end.

hocus-pocus /-kɪs/ /ˌhoʊkəs ˈpoʊkəs/ /ˌhəʊkəs ˈpəʊkəs/ interjection
abracadabra hocus-pocus
A phrase used (by a stage magician, etc.) as a magical incantation to bring about some change: abracadabra, hey presto.

hocus-pocus /-kɪs/ /ˌhoʊkəs ˈpoʊkəs/ /ˌhəʊkəs ˈpəʊkəs/ hoci-poci hocus-pocuses hocus-pocusses n
abracadabra
(countable, uncountable, chiefly, US, also, attributively) Some action carried out to bring about change as if by magic; a trick; sleight of hand, trickery.

hod /hɑd/ /hɒd/ hods n
hotte
A three-sided box mounted on a pole for carrying bricks, mortar, or other construction materials over the shoulder.

hodgepodge /ˈhɑd͡ʒˌpɑd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒd͡ʒˌpɒd͡ʒ/ hodgepodges n
salmigondis fatras
A collection containing a variety of miscellaneous things.

hodiernal /hoʊdiˈɝnəl/ /hɑ-/ /hɒ-/ /həʊdiˈɜːnl̩/ adj
[[d']][[aujourd'hui]]
(archaic, or, literary, rare, outside, grammar) Of or pertaining to the present day or today; hodiern.

hodja hodjas n
hodja
A Muslim schoolmaster.

hodograph hodographs n
hodographe

hoe /hoʉ/ /hoʊ/ /həʊ/ hoes n
houe binette
An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows.

hoe /hoʉ/ /hoʊ/ /həʊ/ v
houer
(transitive) To clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe.

hog /hɑɡ/ /hɒɡ/ /hɔɡ/ hogs n
cochon
Any animal belonging to the Suidae family of mammals, especially the pig, the warthog, and the boar.

hog /hɑɡ/ /hɒɡ/ /hɔɡ/ v
accaparer
(transitive) To greedily take more than one's share, to take precedence at the expense of another or others.

hogan /ˈhoʊ.ɡən/ hogans n
hogan-Navajo
A one-room Navajo dwelling or ceremonial lodge, constructed of wood and earth and covered with mud.

hoglet hoglets n
hérissonneau
A baby hedgehog.

hogwash /ˈhɒɡwɒʃ/ hogwashes n
baratin boniment
(informal, figurative) Foolish talk or writing; nonsense.

hogweed hogweeds n
berce
An umbelliferous plant, of genus Heracleum, most species of which are phototoxic.

hoi polloi /ˌhɔɪ pəˈlɔɪ/ n
commun des mortels plèbe populace vulgum pecus
(collective) The common people; the masses. (Used with or without the definite article.)

hoist /hɔɪst/ v
hisser
(transitive) To raise; to lift; to elevate (especially, to raise or lift to a desired elevation, by means of tackle or pulley, said of a sail, a flag, a heavy package or weight).

hoist by one's own petard /hˈɔ͡ɪst bˈa͡ɪ wˈɒnz ˈə͡ʊn pɛˈtɑːd/ /hˈɔ͡ɪst bˈa͡ɪ wˈʌnz ˈo͡ʊn pɛˈɾɑː͡ɹd/ adj
l'arroseur arrosé tel est pris qui croyait prendre
(idiomatic) Hurt or destroyed by one's own plot or device intended for another; "blown up by one's own bomb".

hoity-toitily /ˌhɔɪ.tiˈtɔɪ.tɪ.li/ more hoity-toitily most hoity-toitily adv
avec un air de duchesse avec un air supérieur pompeusement
In a pompous or snobbish manner.

hokey /ˈhəʊki/ hokier hokiest adj
cucul la praline
bidon
(US, colloquial) Phony, as if a hoax; noticeably contrived; of obviously flimsy credibility or quality.
mélo
(US, colloquial) Corny; overly or unbelievably sentimental.

hold /hoʊld/ /həʊld/ [hoəɫd] [həʊɫd] holds n
cale soute
(nautical, aviation) The cargo area of a ship or aircraft (often holds or cargo hold).

hold /hoʊld/ /həʊld/ [hoəɫd] [həʊɫd] v
tenir retenir soutenir garder détenir
(transitive) To impose restraint upon; to limit in motion or action; to bind legally or morally; to confine; to restrain.
détenir
(archaic) To restrain oneself; to refrain; to hold back.
tenir soutenir contenir
To maintain in being or action; to carry on; to prosecute, as a course of conduct or an argument; to continue; to sustain.

hold a candle v
arriver à la cheville faire le poids
(chiefly in the negative) To compare; to be even remotely of the same quality, skill, etc. as another. [from mid 16th c.]

hold court v
tenir salon
(idiomatic, by extension) To serve as the principal discussant or center of attention in an informal gathering of friends, associates, etc.

hold dear v
tenir à quelque chose comme à la prunelle de ses yeux

hold down v
baisser maintenir à terre
(idiomatic, transitive) To continue, to hold and to manage well; to keep, maintain; support.

hold on v
accrocher
To grasp or grip firmly.
garder
(idiomatic) To keep; to store something for someone.

hold one's breath v
retenir son souffle
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see hold,‎ one's,‎ breath. To keep air in one's lungs, pausing noticeably before exhaling after previously inhaling.

hold one's head high v
garder la tête haute
(idiomatic) To act with pride; to be proud in a positive way.

hold one's horses v
du calme minute, papillon
(idiomatic) To be patient; to wait.

hold one's liquor v
avoir une bonne descente tenir l'alcool
(idiomatic) To be resistant to intoxication or to show few signs of intoxication, even after consuming a significant amount of alcohol.

hold one's own v
bien se défendre se montrer capable se montrer à la hauteur tenir son rang
(idiomatic) To demonstrate oneself to be capable; to provide a respectable performance or worthy competition; to stick up for oneself.

hold one's tongue v
tenir sa langue
(idiomatic) To refrain from talking about something.

hold out v
tendre
attendre
(idiomatic, often, with for) To wait, or refuse in hopes of getting something better (from a negotiation, etc.)
tenir bon
(idiomatic) To survive, endure.

hold the cards v
avoir les cartes en main
(idiomatic) To be in a strong position, possessing significant advantages over someone else; to be in control of a situation involving multiple parties.

hold the fort v
garder la boutique tenir la boutique tenir le pot droit
To assume or take responsibility, especially in another's absence.

hold the purse strings v
tenir la caisse tenir les cordons de la bourse
(idiomatic, colloquial) To be in control of spending; to have financial power and responsibility.

hold the reins v
tenir les rênes
(idiomatic) To be in charge, to be in control, as of a business, political organization, or other group.

hold the road v
tenir la route

hold up v
retenir
(idiomatic) To withstand; to stand up to; to survive.

hold up one's end v
honorer sa part du contrat
(idiomatic) To hold up one's end of a bargain; to fulfill one's promise or obligation.

hold water v
tenir la route
(idiomatic) To withstand scrutiny or criticism; to be valid.

hold-up hold-ups n
hold-up
A robbery at gunpoint.

hold-ups n
bas autofixant dim up
(UK, colloquial) Women's stockings designed to be worn without suspenders.

holdall /ˈhoʊldɔːl/ /ˈhəʊldɔːl/ holdalls n
fourre-tout fourretout
A large bag for carrying belongings while travelling.

holder /ˈhoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈhəʊldə/ holders n
porte- étui
A thing that holds.
détenteur porteur titulaire
A person who temporarily or permanently possesses something.
calier
(nautical) One who is employed in the hold of a vessel.
tenant tenant du titre
(sports) The defending champion.

holding /ˈhəʊldɪŋ/ [ˈhoʊɫdɪŋ] [ˈhəʉɫdɪŋ] [ˈhəʊɫdɪŋ] holdings n
possession
Something that one owns, especially stocks and bonds.

holding company holding companies n
holding société faîtière société mère
(business) A company whose main purpose is to own shares of other companies, as opposed to producing goods or offering services.

hole /hoʊl/ /hɐʉl/ /həʊl/ [hoɫ] [hɔʊɫ] holes n
mitard trou
A hollow place or cavity; an excavation; a pit; a dent; a depression; a fissure.
trou
An opening that goes all the way through a solid body, a fabric, etc.; a perforation; a rent.
(golf) The part of a game in which a player attempts to hit the ball into one of the holes.
(figuratively) A weakness; a flaw or ambiguity.
(physics) In semiconductors, a lack of an electron in an occupied band behaving like a positively charged particle.
(slang) Any bodily orifice, in particular the anus.
(slang) An undesirable place to live or visit.
trou creux
(stud poker) A card (also called a hole card) dealt face down thus unknown to all but its holder; the status in which such a card is.
trou mitard
(golf) A subsurface standard-size hole, also called cup, hitting the ball into which is the object of play. Each hole, of which there are usually eighteen as the standard on a full course, is located on a prepared surface, called the green, of a particular type grass.
faille trou
(computing) A security vulnerability in software which can be taken advantage of by an exploit.

hole /hoʊl/ /hɐʉl/ /həʊl/ [hoɫ] [hɔʊɫ] v
trouer
(transitive) To make holes in (an object or surface).

hole in one hole in ones holes in one n
trou d'un coup trou en un
(golf) A hole that is completed by sinking the ball in a single shot or attempt, with one hit.

hole punch hole punches n
perforateur perforatrice trouilloteur trouilloteuse
A tool that is used to make holes in stationery for ease of filing.

hole-in-the-wall hole-in-the-walls holes-in-the-wall n
boui-boui gargote
A restaurant, shop or other establishment catering to customers that is particularly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.

holey /ˈhoʊli/ /ˈhəʊl.li/ /ˈhəʊli/ [ˈhɒʊli] [ˈhɒʊɫ.li] holier holiest adj
troué
Having, or being full of, holes.

holiday /ˈhɑləˌdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdeɪ/ /ˈhɒlɪdɪ/ holidays n
fête
A day on which a festival, religious event, or national celebration is traditionally observed.
jour férié jour de congé
A day declared free from work by the state or government.
vacances congé
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period of one or more days taken off work for leisure and often travel; often plural.
vacances
(chiefly, UK, Australia) A period during which pupils do not attend their school; often plural; rarely used for students at university (usually: vacation).

holiday camp holiday camps n
camp de vacances
(British) An enclosed resort providing accommodation (often in chalets) and entertainment, generally aimed at families.

holiday home holiday homes n
maison de vacances
A second home used for holidays.

holiday pay n
pécule de vacances
(UK) a basic wage paid to an employee while they are on holiday. It can be paid for as many weeks holiday as an employee is entitled to, although an employee can spread their complete holiday entitlement over the whole year.

holiday season holiday seasons n
période des fêtes saison des fêtes
(US, Canada) The period of the late fall and early winter when several holidays occur, such as Halloween, American Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's Day, Hanukkah, and Kwanzaa

holiday-maker holiday-makers n
vacancier vacancière
(British) Someone who is on holiday.

holier-than-thou /ˈhoʊ.li.ɚ ðən ˈðaʊ/ /ˈhəʊ.li.ə ð(ə)n ˈðaʊ/ more holier-than-thou most holier-than-thou adj
benoît bigot
(derogatory) Hypocritically or self-righteously pious; sanctimonious.

holiness /ˈhoʊlinəs/ /ˈhəʊlinəs/ holinesses n
sainteté
The state or condition of being holy.

holism holisms n
holisme
A theory or belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. [from 1926]
A practice based on such a theory or belief.

holist holists n
holiste
A believer in, or practitioner of, holism; one who believes that a topic of study cannot be fully understood by studying the parts, or who studies by considering the whole.

holistic /hoʊˈlɪs.tɪk/ /həʊˈlɪs.tɪk/ more holistic most holistic adj
holistique holiste
Related to holism.
Relating to a study of the whole instead of a separation into parts.

holland hollands n
hollande
(now, historical) A type of linen cloth, originally from Holland.

hollandaise sauce hollandaise sauces n
sauce hollandaise
An emulsion of butter and lemon juice using egg yolks as the emulsifying agent, used in French cooking.

holler /ˈhɑ.lɚ/ /ˈhɒl.ə(ɹ)/ hollers n
cri hurlement
A yell, shout.

holler /ˈhɑ.lɚ/ /ˈhɒl.ə(ɹ)/ v
crier hurler
(intransitive) To yell or shout.

hollow /ˈhɑ.loʊ/ /ˈhɑlɚ/ /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ hollower hollowest adj
creux vide
(of something solid) Having an empty space or cavity inside.
creux insignifiant
(figuratively) Without substance; having no real or significant worth; meaningless.

hollow /ˈhɑ.loʊ/ /ˈhɑlɚ/ /ˈhɒl.əʊ/ hollows n
vallon val
(geography) A small valley between mountains.
creux
An unfilled space in something solid; a cavity, natural or artificial.

hollow block hollow blocks n
agglo bloc de béton parpaing
(Philippines) A lightweight building block made from cinders and concrete.

hollow leg /ˌhɑ.loʊ ˈlɛɡ/ /ˌhɒl.əʊ ˈlɛɡ/ hollow legs n
avoir la dalle en pente avoir le bec salé boire comme un Polonais boire comme un trou être un [[boit-sans-soif]] être un poivrot
Ability or tendency to drink large quantities of alcohol.

hollow rail hollow rails n
rail creux
A type of curtain rail having a slit along the length at the bottom in which gliders attached to pliable curtains can slide.

holly /ˈhɑli/ /ˈhɒli/ hollies n
houx
Any of various shrubs or (mostly) small trees, of the genus Ilex, either evergreen or deciduous, used as decoration especially at Christmas.

hollyhock /ˈhɑlihɑk/ /ˈhɒlihɒk/ hollyhocks n
rose trémière
Any of several flowering plants of the genus Alcea in the Malvaceae family.

holm oak /ˈhoʊm oʊk/ /ˈhəʊm əʊk/ holm oaks n
chêne vert yeuse
An evergreen tree, Quercus ilex, native to the Mediterranean region.

holmium /ˈhoʊ.mi.əm/ holmiums n
holmium
A chemical element (symbol Ho) with atomic number 67: a soft and malleable silvery-white metal, too reactive to be found uncombined in nature.

holocaust /ˈhoʊ.lə-/ /ˈhɑl.əˌkɑst/ /ˈhɑl.əˌkɔst/ /ˈhɒl.ə(ʊ)ˌkɔːst/ holocausts n
holocauste
(religion) An offering or sacrifice to a deity that is completely burned to ashes. [from 13th c.]

hologamous adj
hologame

hologram /ˈhɒləɡɹæm/ holograms n
hologramme
A three-dimensional image of an object created by holography.

holograph holographs n
holographe
(legal, textual criticism) A handwritten document that is solely the work of the person whose signature it bears, especially a letter, deed, or will; an original manuscript, a protograph.

holographic more holographic most holographic adj
holographique
holographe olographe
(uncommon) Handwritten by a single writer.

holography holographies n
holographie
(physics) a technique for recording, and then reconstructing, the amplitude and phase distributions of a coherent wave disturbance; used to produce three-dimensional images or holograms

holomorphic adj
holomorphe
(complex analysis, of a complex function) Complex-differentiable on an open set around every point in its domain.

holomorphosis holomorphoses n
holomorphose

holon holons n
chargeon
(particle) One of three kinds of quasiparticle (the others being the spinon and orbiton) that electrons in solids are able to split into during the process of spin–charge separation, when extremely tightly confined at temperatures close to absolute zero.
holon
(philosophy) Something that is both a part and a whole.

holonomic adj
holonome
(mathematics) Exhibiting holonomy.

holonym /ˈhoʊl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhɑl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhɒl.əˌnɪm/ /ˈhəʊl.əˌnɪm/ holonyms n
holonyme
(semantics) A term that denotes a whole, a part of which is denoted by a second term.

holonymy n
holonymie
(semantics) The quality or nature of being the whole in a holonymous relation.

holoparasitism n
holoparasitisme

holotropic /ˈhɒləˌtɹɒpɪk/ adj
holotropique

holotype holotypes n
holotype
(taxonomy) The single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used to formally describe the species (or lower-order taxon), subsequently to be kept as a reference.

holster /ˈhoʊlstə(ɹ)/ /ˈhɒlstə(ɹ)/ holsters n
holster étui
A case for carrying a tool, particularly a gun, safely and accessibly.

holy /ˈhoʊli/ /ˈhəʊli/ holier holiest adj
sainte
saint sacré
Dedicated to a religious purpose or a god.
saint bénit
Revered in a religion.

holy cow interjection
la vache
(idiomatic, euphemism) An exclamation of surprise or astonishment.

holy fool holy fools n
fol-en-Christ
(chiefly, _, Eastern Orthodoxy) A person, often associated with gifts of prophecy and insight, who publicly acts as if mad or stupid, but whose madness is seen as concealing an inner sanctity for the purpose of self-humiliation.

holy fuck interjection
sacré putain
(idiomatic, vulgar, _, slang) Expression of terror, awe, surprise, shock, etc.

holy shit /ˌhoʊli ˈʃɪt/ /ˌhəʊli ˈʃɪt/ interjection
nom de Dieu bon Dieu de merde bordel de merde putain de merde
(idiomatic, vulgar, slang) Expression of terror, awe, surprise, astonishment, etc., often at something seen for the first time or remembered immediately before using this term.

holy synod holy synods n
saint synode

holy war holy wars n
guerre sainte
A war that is entirely, primarily, or ostensibly religious in motivation; a war over religion.

holy water holy waters n
eau bénite
(Christianity) In certain Christian churches, water that has been sanctified by a priest or bishop for the purpose of baptism or for the blessing of persons, places, or things.

homage /oʊˈmɑʒ/ /ɒˈmɑːʒ/ /ˈ(h)ɑmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒmɪd͡ʒ/ homages n
hommage
(countable, uncountable) A demonstration of respect, such as towards an individual after their retirement or death
(countable) An artistic work imitating another in a flattering style.
(historical) In feudalism, the formal oath of a vassal to honor his or her lord's rights.

home /(h)əʊm/ /hoʊm/ adv
à la maison
(internet) To the home page.
At or in one's place of residence or one's customary or official location; at home.

home /(h)əʊm/ /hoʊm/ homes n
domicile foyer chez soi
One’s own dwelling place; the house or structure in which one lives; especially the house in which one lives with one's family; the habitual abode of one’s family.
patrie
One’s native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one’s ancestors dwell or dwelt.

home cinema home cinemas n
cinédom cinéma chez soi cinéma maison cinéma à domicile home cinema
(UK) a system for showing cinema-quality films at home; usually comprising high-definition television and surround sound

home country home countries n
patrie
The country in which a person was born and usually raised, regardless of the present country of residence and citizenship.

home delivery home deliveries n
livraison à domicile
A service of delivering goods to the consumer's home.

home economics n
économie domestique
The study of homemaking, including cookery, needlework, cleaning, etc.

home front home fronts n
front intérieur
The civilian sphere as opposed to the military; specifically, the civilian sphere supporting the military's efforts in a war.

home fry home fries n
patate rissolée patates rissolées pomme de terre rissolée pommes de terre rissolées
(mostly plural) A piece of fried, sliced or diced potato, part of a basic potato dish often including tomatoes, onions or peppers.

home invasion home invasions n
violation de domicile

home loan home loans n
crédit immo crédit immobilier
(countable) A loan taken for the purpose of purchasing a house, or other type of residential property.

home page /ˈhoʊmpeɪdʒ/ /ˈhəʊmpeɪdʒ/ home pages n
page d'accueil accueil index page de démarrage
The main or first page of a website or set of hyperlinked documents.
page d'accueil page de démarrage
The default page set to open in a web browser or hypertext system when it starts up, or when its home function is invoked.

home plate home plates n
marbre
(baseball) A flat, pentagonal, rubber object placed at the center of the batter's box, which is used as a basis for judging pitched strikes and balls, and the touching of which by a runner advancing from or past third base scores a run.

home remedy home remedies n
remède de bonne femme remède de grand-mère
A remedy, often of an unscientific medicinal nature, made or devised in one's own home.

home run home runs n
circuit coup de circuit
(baseball) A four-base hit, allowing the batter to circle the bases and reach home safely in one play without any errors being committed by the defensive team.

home school v
faire l'école à la maison
(transitive) To educate children at home, that is, at a private domestic place, in lieu of sending them to a public school or private educational institution.
(intransitive) To be educated at home.

home stretch home stretches n
dernière ligne droite
The final part of a racecourse from the last curve to the finish line.
(figurative, by extension) The final part of a distance or the final effort needed to finish.

home sweet home /hoʊm swiːt hoʊm/ /həʊm swiːt həʊm/ phraseologicalUnit
on est bien à la maison qu'on est bien chez soi
(idiomatic) One's home, especially a nice, comfortable home.

home team home teams n
équipe locale
(idiomatic, sports) The team that is playing in the usual area that they play in, as opposed to the visitor team.

homebirth homebirths n
accouchement assisté à domicile accouchement à domicile
Childbirth taking place at home, rather than in a hospital.

homebody homebodies n
casanier pantouflard
(North American, informal) A person who prefers to remain at home, rather than participate in social events elsewhere.

homecoming /ˈhoʊmˌkʌmɪŋ/ homecomings n
retour
Ellipsis of harvest homecoming.; A traditional (street) party and/or dance near the start of the school year, at around fall mid-terms. Traditionally marking the start of harvest break, where students go home in autumn to harvest the crops on the family farms.

homegrown adj
fait maison
Grown at home.

homeland homelands n
patrie
The country that one regards as home.
terre natale
One's country of birth.

homeless /ˈhoʊmləs/ /ˈhoʊmlɪs/ adj
SDF sans-abri sans domicile fixe itinérant
Lacking a permanent place of residence.

homelessness homelessnesses n
sans-abrisme itinérance
The state of being homeless.

homemade more homemade most homemade adj
fait maison maison
Made at home.

homemaker homemakers n
femme au foyer homme au foyer
(US) A person who maintains the administration and upkeep of his or her residence, especially one who is not employed outside the home; one who runs the household.

homeopath homeopaths n
homéopathe
A person who practices homeopathy.

homeopathic more homeopathic most homeopathic adj
homéopathique
Of or pertaining to homeopathy.

homeopathy /ˌhomiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɑmiˈɑpəθi/ /ˌhɒmɪˈɒpəθi/ /ˌhəʊmɪˈɒpəθi/ homeopathies n
homéopathie
A system of treating diseases with small amounts of substances which, in larger amounts, would produce the observed symptoms.

homeosis homeoses n
homéose
(pathology) The formation of a normal plant or animal structure or organ in place of another at an abnormal site; the transformation of one body part to another.

homeostasis /ˌhoʊ.mi.oʊˈsteɪ.sɪs/ /ˌhɒmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ /ˌhəʊmɪə(ʊ)ˈsteɪsɪs/ homeostases n
homéostasie
(physiology) The ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a state of dynamic constancy; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a stable temperature.

homeostat homeostats n
homéostat

homeostatic /ˌhoʊmioʊˈstætɪk/ adj
homéostatique
(biology, physiology) Of or pertaining to homeostasis.

homeothermy n
homéothermie
The state or condition of being homeothermic.

homeotic /hɒmiːˈɒtɪk/ adj
homéotique
Of or pertaining to homeosis

homesickness homesicknesses n
mal du pays nostalgie dépaysement
The characteristic of being homesick; a strong, sad feeling of missing one's home (and often left-behind loved ones, such as family and friends) when physically away.

homestead /ˈhoʊmˌstɛd/ homesteads n
demeure foyer propriété
The place that is one's home.

hometown hometowns n
ville natale
An individual’s place of birth, childhood home, or place of main residence.

homeward /ˈhoʊmwɚd/ /ˈhəʊmwəd/ adv
à la maison
Towards home.

homewards adj
à la maison
Leading toward home.

homework /ˈhoʊmˌwɝk/ /ˈhəʊmˌwɜːk/ homeworks n
devoirs
(literally, now, _, rare) Any work that is done at home; housework.

homicide /ˈhoʊ.məˌsaɪ̯d/ /ˈhɑm.əˌsaɪ̯d/ /ˈhɒm.ɪˌsaɪ̯d/ homicides n
homicide meurtre assassinat homicide involontaire
(countable, uncountable, crime) The killing of one person by another, whether premeditated or unintentional.
homicide assassin meurtrier meurtrière
(countable) A person who kills another.

homie /ˈhoʊmi/ /ˈhəʊmi/ homies n
gros pote
(slang) Someone, particularly a friend or male acquaintance, from one's hometown.
(African American Vernacular English) A boyfriend or partner of a closeted man, used along with "Lil," to mean a bottom and "Big," to mean a top.

homiletics n
homilétique
The art of preaching (especially the application of rhetoric in theology).

homily /ˈhɑməli/ /ˈhɑmɪli/ /ˈhɒmɪli/ homilies n
homélie
(Christianity) A sermon, especially concerning a practical matter.

homing pigeon homing pigeons n
pigeon voyageur
A variety of domesticated rock pigeon (Columba livia) that has been selectively bred to be able to find its way home over extremely long distances.

hominid hominids n
hominidé
Any primate of the taxonomic family Hominidae, which includes all the nonhuman great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans) as well as humans.

hominization hominizations n
hominisation
(paleontology) The process of becoming like a human.

hominize v
hominiser
(transitive) To make human, or treat as if human.

hominy /ˈhɒmɪni/ hominies n
maïs lessivé
A food made from hulled corn (maize) kernels soaked in lye water, rinsed, then cooked and eaten; or, the rinsed kernels are dried and coarsely ground into hominy grits.

homo Aristophaneus /ˈhoʊ-/ /ˈhɑmoʊ æɹɪsˌtɑfəˈniəs/ /ˈhɒməʊ æɹɪsˌtɒfəˈniːəs/ /ˈhəʊ-/ n
homo aristophaneus
(linguistics, _, (philology), rare) A person with the characteristics and nature depicted in the comedies of the ancient Athenian playwright Aristophanes (c. 446 – c. 386 B.C.E.) as a literary figure, rather than a historically accurate Athenian person; an Aristophanic man.

homo- prefix
homo-
Same, identical.

homocapitalism n
homocapitalisme
Capitalist appropriation and assimilation of sexual diversity, especially pertaining to the gay, cisgender, western, white, and upper middle class men.

homocentric more homocentric most homocentric adj
homocentrique
(geometry) Having the same centre.

homoerotic /ˌhoʊmoʊəˈɹɑtɪk/ /ˌhəʊməʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ more homoerotic most homoerotic adj
homoérotique
Arousing a homosexual desire.
Pertaining to homosexual love or desire

homoeroticism homoeroticisms n
homoérotisme
The state or quality of being homoerotic

homogeneity /ˌhoʊ.mə.d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhoʊ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhɑ.mə.d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhɑ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhɒm.ə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhɒm.ə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnæɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈneɪ.ə.ti/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ).d͡ʒəˈniː.ə.ti/ [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnæɪ.ə.ɾi] [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnɪi.ə.ti] [ˌhəʉ.mə.d͡ʒəˈnɪi.ə.ɾi] homogeneities n
homogénéité
The condition of being homogeneous: having uniformity of constituent content.

homogeneous /həˈmɑ.d͡ʒə.nəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.moʊˈd͡ʒɛ.njəs/ /ˌhoʊ.məˈd͡ʒiː.njəs/ /ˌhɒ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ /ˌhəʊ.mə(ʊ)ˈdʒiː.nɪəs/ adj
homogène
Of the same kind; alike, similar.
Having the same composition throughout; of uniform make-up.

homogeneous catalysis homogeneous catalyses n
catalyse homogène
(chemistry) Catalysis in which the catalyst is present in the same phase as the reactants; normally dissolved in the same solvent.

homogeneously more homogeneously most homogeneously adv
homogènement
In a homogeneous manner.

homogenization homogenizations n
homogénéisation
The act of making something homogenous, or the same throughout; or the tendency of something to become homogenous.

homogenize /həˈmɑːd͡ʒənaɪz/ /həˈmɒdʒənaɪz/ v
homogénéiser
To make homogeneous, to blend or puree.

homogenizer homogenizers n
homogénéiseur

homoglyph /ˈhɒməʊɡlɪf/ homoglyphs n
homoglyphe
(linguistics, computing) A character identical or nearly identical in appearance to another, but which differs in the meaning it represents; thus, in character encoding terms, a character with an identical or near-identical glyph, or the glyph itself.

homograph /ˈhoʊməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɑːməɡɹæf/ /ˈhɒməɡɹɑːf/ /ˈhəʊməɡɹæf/ homographs n
homographe
A word that is spelled the same as another word, usually having a different etymology.

homolecithal adj
homolécithe

homologate /hoʊˈmɑləɡeɪt/ /həˈmɑləɡeɪt/ /həˈmɒləɡeɪt/ v
homologuer
(transitive) To confirm, ratify or approve, especially officially or legally.

homologation homologations n
homologation
(organic chemistry) Any reaction that converts a compound into the next member of a homologous series, usually by lengthening a carbon chain
(legal) Official certification.

homological adj
autologique
(grammar) Of an adjective, describing itself.

homologous /həˈmɒləɡəs/ more homologous most homologous adj
homologue
(biology) Corresponding to a similar structure in another life form with a common evolutionary origin.
(chemistry) Belonging to a series of aliphatic organic compounds that differ only by the addition of a CH₂ group.
(cultural anthropology, structural anthropology) Playing the same role as seen in another culture, whether by historical connection, psychological archetype, convergent cultural evolution, or otherwise (as may be hypothesized but not known with certainty by current science), as for example with the cryptozoologic concepts of yeti and sasquatch, the use of polite and familiar pronouns, or other similarities.
Showing a degree of correspondence or similarity.

homology homologies n
homologie
The relationship of being homologous; a homologous relationship;(geometry, projective geometry) specifically, such relationship in the context of the geometry of perspective.
(chemistry) The relationship, between elements, of being in the same group of the periodic table.
(genetics) The presence of the same series of bases in different but related genes.

homomorphically adv
homomorphiquement
(mathematics) By means of a homomorphism.

homomorphism homomorphisms n
homomorphisme
(algebra) A structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type, such as groups, rings, or vector spaces.

homomorphous more homomorphous most homomorphous adj
homomorphe
(algebra, biology) Characterized by homomorphism.

homonationalism homonationalisms n
homonationalisme

homonym /ˈhɑmənɪm/ /ˈhɒmənɪm/ homonyms n
homonyme
(loosely) A word that sounds or is spelled the same as another word (but not necessarily both), technically called a homophone (same sound, different spelling) or a homograph (same spelling, different sound), or if both are the same, a homonym.

homonymous adj
homonyme
Having the same name as another (i.e., like a namesake).
Of or pertaining to a homonym.

homonymy homonymies n
homonymie
(semantics) The property of being a homonym.

homopatriarchy n
homopatriarcat
Social subsystem in which cisgender homosexual men predominate over other LGBTI people.

homophile homophiles n
homophile
(dated) A homosexual, a gay man or lesbian, one who has a sexual or romantic preference for persons of the same gender; used to emphasize love over sex.

homophobe [ˈhɒməˌfəʊb] [ˈhəʊməˌfəʊb] homophobes n
homophobe
A person who is prejudiced against homosexuals and homosexuality.

homophobia /ˌhɒ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌhəʊ.məˈfəʊ.bi.ə/ homophobias n
homophobie
Hatred, fear, dislike of, or prejudice against homosexuals.

homophobic more homophobic most homophobic adj
homophobe
Exhibiting homophobia; characteristic of homophobes.

homophone /ˈhɑməfoʊ̯n/ /ˈhɒməfəʊ̯n/ /ˈhɔməfoʊ̯n/ homophones n
homophone
(semantics) A word which is pronounced the same as another word but differs in spelling or meaning or origin.

homophony /həˈmɒfəni/ homophonies n
homophonie

homopter homopters n
homoptère
Any insect of the order Homoptera.

homorganic /ˌhɑmɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ˌhɒmɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj
homorgane homorganique
(phonetics) Of consonants: having the same place of articulation. For example, labial m, b, p, alveolar n, d, t, velar ŋ, g, k. Indic alphabets such as Devanagari, as well as the Korean hangul alphabet, are rationally arranged so that homorganic consonants are grouped together.

homoscedastic adj
homoscédastique
(statistics) Having the same finite variance for all elements.

homoscedasticity /hoʊmoʊsɪdæsˈtɪsɪti/ /həʊməʊskɪdæsˈtɪsɪti/ homoscedasticities n
homoscédasticité
(statistics) A property of a set of random variables such that each variable has the same finite variance.

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ more homosexual most homosexual adj
homosexuel homosexuelle
(of a person or animal, formal, distancing, or, dated) Sexually and/or romantically attracted to members of the same sex, such as a man who is attracted to men or a woman who is attracted to women; gay. (Typically used in the sense of sole/exclusive attraction.)

homosexual /ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhoʊməˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhɒməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛksjuːəl/ /ˌhəʊməʊˈsɛkʃuːəl/ homosexuals n
homosexuel homosexuelle lesbienne
(typically, formal, distancing, or, dated) A person who is sexually attracted solely or primarily to others of the same sex.

homosexuality /ˌhoʊmoʊˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhoʊməˌsɛkʃuˈælɪti/ /ˌhɒmə(ʊ)-/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)sɛkʃʊˈælɪti/ /ˌhəʊmə(ʊ)ˌsɛksjʊˈælɪti/ homosexualities n
homosexualité la vice allemande
Sexual activity with a person of the same sex, sometimes (potentially, _, offensive) restricted to same-sex sex between males. [1897]

homosexualization n
homosexualisation

homosexualize v
homosexualiser

homosexually adv
homosexuellement
In a homosexual way.

homosociality homosocialities n
homosociabilité homosocialité
Socialization (social interaction, social relationships) with members of the same sex, as distinguished from sexual interaction with or attraction to members of the same sex (homosexuality) and social interaction with members of the opposite sex (heterosociality).

homothetic adj
homothétique
(mathematics) of a function of two or more variables in which the ratio of the partial derivatives depends only on the ratio of the variables, not their value

homothety homotheties n
homothétie
(mathematics, geometry) An isotropic scaling transformation of an affine space with a single fixed point.

homotopic adj
homotope
(topology, of two continuous maps) Such that there is a homotopy (a continuous deformation) taking one to the other.

homotopy homotopies n
homotopie
(topology) A continuous deformation of one continuous function or map to another.
(topology) A theory associating a system of groups with each topological space.
(topology) A system of groups associated with a topological space.

homozygosity homozygosities n
homozygotie
The condition of being homozygous.

homozygote /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəʊt/ homozygotes n
homozygote
(genetics) A diploid individual that has equal alleles at one or more genetic loci.

homozygous /ˌhəʊməʊˈzaɪɡəs/ more homozygous most homozygous adj
homozygote
Of an organism in which both copies of a given gene have the same allele

homunculus /hoʊˈmʌŋk.jə.ləs/ /hɒˈmʌŋk.jʊ.ləs/ /həˈmʌŋk.jə.ləs/ homunculi n
homoncule
A miniature man, once imagined by spermists to be present in human sperm.

hon /hʌn/ hons n
hon

hone /hoʊn/ /həʊn/ hones n
pierre à aiguiser
A sharpening stone composed of extra-fine grit used for removing the burr or curl from the blade of a razor or some other edge tool.

hone /hoʊn/ /həʊn/ v
aiguiser
(transitive) To sharpen with a hone; to whet.
affiner affuter perfectionner
(transitive) To refine or master (a skill).

honest /ˈɑnəst/ /ˈɑnɪst/ /ˈɒnɪst/ /ˈɔːnɪst/ honester honestest more honest most honest adj
honnête
(of a person or institution) Scrupulous with regard to telling the truth; not given to swindling, lying, or fraud; upright.

honestly /ˈɑnɪstli/ /ˈɒnɪstli/ more honestly most honestly adv
honnêtement franchement
(manner) In an honest manner.
franchement honnestement pour estre honneste
Frankly, to be honest.

honesty /ˈɑnəsti/ /ˈɒnəsti/ /ˈɒnəstɪ/ /ˈɔːnɪstɪ/ honesties n
honnêteté
(uncountable, countable) The act, quality, or condition of being honest.

honey /ˈhʌni/ honeys honies n
miel
(uncountable) A viscous, gold-coloured sweet fluid produced from plant nectar by bees, and often consumed by humans.
A spectrum of pale yellow to brownish-yellow colour, like that of most types of (the sweet substance) honey.

honey badger honey badgers n
ratel zorille du Cap
Mellivora capensis, a badger-like mustelid native to Africa, the Middle East and the Indian subcontinent.

honey bee honey bees n
abeille à miel abeille
Any of seven species of bee, in genus Apis, often kept commercially for honey, beeswax, and pollination of crops.

honey buzzard honey buzzards n
bondrée
European honey buzzard (Pernis apivorus), a summer migrant to most of Europe and western Asia, wintering in tropical Africa

honey dipper honey dippers n
cuillère à miel
A turned kitchen tool used to transfer honey.

honey house honey houses n
miellerie

honey locust honey locusts n
févier
A North American deciduous tree (Gleditsia triacanthos) having fragrant flowers, hard red wood, and conspicuous thorns.

honey trap honey traps n
piège de miel
(idiomatic) The use of a romantic or a sexual relationship to entice a person into revealing secret information.

honeycake honeycakes n
pain d'épice
A cake made with honey.

honeycomb /ˈhʌnikəʊm/ /ˈhʌniˌkoʊm/ honeycombs n
rayon de miel alvéole alvéole d’abeille rayon de ruche
(uncountable) A substance made by bees (clade Anthophila) primarily from beeswax which has hexagonal cells to hold their larvae, and for storing pollen and honey to feed the larvae and themselves when other food is scarce; it is also eaten by humans as part of comb-honey; (countable) a single sheet made up of two layers of this substance.

honeycombed more honeycombed most honeycombed adj
alvéolé
Having a perforated structure, resembling a honeycomb.

honeydew /-dʒuː/ /ˈhʌniˌd(j)u/ /ˈhʌnɪdjuː/ honeydews n
miellat
(uncountable) A sweet, sticky substance deposited on leaves and other plant parts by insects (especially aphids and scale insects) feeding on plant sap, or by fungi.

honeydew melon honeydew melons n
melon miel
A melon from the Cucumis melo Inodorus cultivar group, with sweet, light green or white flesh and a smooth greenish-white or yellow rind.

honeyed /ˈhʌnid/ more honeyed most honeyed adj
miellé
Sweetened, with, or as if with, honey.

honeymoon /ˈhʌn.iˌmuːn/ honeymoons n
lune de miel
The period of time immediately following a marriage.
A period of goodwill at the beginning of a new term or relationship (e.g. towards a newly elected politician or in respect of a new business arrangement).
voyage de noces lune de miel
A trip taken by a newly married couple during this period.

honeypot honeypots n
pot de miel
A pot of honey.

honeysuckle /ˈhʌniːsʌkəl/ /ˈhʌnɪsʌk(ə)l/ honeysuckles n
chèvrefeuille
Any of several species of superficially similar plants from Australia

hongbao /ˈ(ˌ)hɑŋ-/ /ˈ(ˌ)hʊŋ-/ /ˈhɒŋbaʊ/ /ˈhɔŋˌbaʊ/ /ˌhɒŋˈbaʊ/ /ˌhɔŋˈbaʊ/ hongbao hongbaos n
enveloppe rouge paquet rouge
Synonym of red envelope

honi soit qui mal y pense /ˌoʊni -/ /ˌɒni ˌswɑː kiː ˌmal iː ˈpɒ̃s/ /ˌɔni ˌswɑ ki ˌmɑl i ˈpɑ̃s/ phraseologicalUnit
honi soit qui mal y pense honni soit qui mal y pense
The motto of the British chivalric Order of the Garter, still used in the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom.

honk /hɑŋk/ /hɒŋk/ /hɔŋk/ honks n
klaxon
The harsh note produced by a typical car horn.
cacardement
The cry of a goose or similar bird.

honk /hɑŋk/ /hɒŋk/ /hɔŋk/ v
klaxonner
(transitive, intransitive) To use a car horn.
cacarder
(intransitive) To make a loud, harsh sound like a car horn.

honor /ˈɑn.ɚ/ /ˈɒn.ə/ honors n
honneur
(countable) A token of praise or respect; something that represents praiseworthiness or respect, such as a prize or award given by the state to a citizen.

honor /ˈɑn.ɚ/ /ˈɒn.ə/ v
honorer
(transitive) To think of highly, to respect highly; to show respect for; to recognise the importance or spiritual value of.
(transitive) To confer (bestow) an honour or privilege upon (someone).

honorable /ˈɑnəɹəbl̩/ /ˈɑnɹəbl̩/ /ˈɒnəɹəbl̩/ /ˈɒnɹəbl̩/ more honorable most honorable adj
honorable
Worthy of respect; respectable.

honorable mention honorable mentions n
mention honorable
(idiomatic) An award or recognition given to a person or thing who does not make it to a higher standing but whose performance or entry was noteworthy.

honorarium /ˌɑ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/ /ˌɒ.nəˈɹɛɹ.i.əm/ honoraria honorariums n
honoraires
Compensation for services that do not have a predetermined value.

honorary /ˈɑn.əˌrɛr.i/ adj
honoris causa
Given as an honor/honour, with no duties attached, and without payment.

honorary consul honorary consuls n
consul honoraire consule honoraire
A person representing a country as a local consul, who is a private person (without diplomatic immunity; not a career diplomat) and part-time representative, with their own primary pursuits, frequently a citizen of the country that is hosting the consul (a local citizen; not a citizen of the country being represented) or expatriate (citizen of the country being represented, living and working in the local country), frequently with commercial ties to the country being represented.

honorific /ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/ /ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/ more honorific most honorific adj
honorifique
Showing or conferring honour and respect.

honorific /ˌɑːnəˈɹɪfɪk/ /ˌɒnəˈɹɪfɪk/ honorifics n
titre honorifique
A term of respect; respectful language.

honorificabilitudinitatibus /-ˈtæ-/ /ˌɑn.əˌɹɪf.ɪ.kəˌbɪl.əˌt(j)u.dɪ.nɪˈteɪ.tɪ.bəs/ /ˌɒn.əˌɹɪf.ɪ.kəˌbɪl.ɪˌt(j)uː.dɪ.nɪˈteɪ.tɪ.bəs/ [-ɾɪ-] n
honorificabilitudinitatibe
The state of being able to achieve honours; honourableness.

honour killing honour killings n
crime d'honneur
(euphemistic, UK, Canada) A typically Middle Eastern and South Asian cultural practice whereby a family member, usually female, is murdered by other family members, the act being justified as retribution for a (usually sexual) slight upon the family's honour.

honourably /ˈɑnəɹəbli/ /ˈɑnɹəbli/ /ˈɒnəɹəbli/ /ˈɒnɹəbli/ more honourably most honourably adv
honorablement
In an honourable manner.

honoured /ˈɑnɚd/ /ˈɒnəd/ more honoured most honoured adj
honoré
(British spelling) Respected, having received honour.

hoo-ha /ˈhuːˌhɑː/ hoo-has n
bordel brouhaha chahut tapage tumulte
A fuss, uproar, commotion or stir; hype; brouhaha, hullabaloo.

hoochie hoochies n
pouffiasse
(pejorative, slang) A woman who dresses scantily or in a revealing fashion.
(pejorative, slang) A promiscuous woman.

hood /hʊd/ [hɪ̈d] [hʊ̈d] adj
bled
Relating to inner-city everyday life, both positive and negative aspects; especially people’s attachment to and love for their neighborhoods.

hood /hʊd/ [hɪ̈d] [hʊ̈d] hoods n
capot
capuche capuchon
A covering for the head attached to a larger garment such as a jacket or cloak.
licence
A distinctively coloured fold of material, representing a university degree.
capote
(automotive, chiefly, UK) A soft top of a convertible car or carriage.
hotte
A metal covering that leads to a vent to suck away smoke or fumes.

hood /hʊd/ [hɪ̈d] [hʊ̈d] v
encapuchonner
To cover something with a hood.

hood ornament hood ornaments n
bouchon de radiateur
A decorative object fastened on a car's hood, often symbolizing the manufacturer or brand; sometimes fixed to the radiator cap

hooded /ˈhʊdɪd/ adj
encapuchonné
Covered with a hood.

hooded crane hooded cranes n
grue moine
Grus monacha, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to East Asia

hooded crow hooded crows n
corneille mantelée
A grey and black Eurasian crow, Corvus cornix.

hooded seal /ˈhʊdɪd siːl/ hooded seals n
phoque à capuchon
An arctic seal, Cystophora cristata, notable for the fleshy bulge on its forehead and nose.

hoodie /ˈhʊdi/ hoodies n
sweat à capuche
A sweatshirt with an integral hood and, sometimes, a large kangaroo pocket at the front.

hoodlum /ˈhuːdləm/ /ˈhʊdləm/ hoodlums n
bandit
A gangster; a hired thug.
voyou
A rough or violent youth.

hoodoo hoodoos n
cheminée de fée
(geology) A tall thin spire of rock that protrudes from the bottom of arid basins and badlands.

hoodwink /ˈhʊdwɪŋk/ /ˈhʊdˌwɪŋk/ v
avoir
To deceive using a disguise; to bewile, dupe, mislead.

hooey /ˈhuː.i/ n
bêtise connerie
(slang) Silly talk or writing; nonsense, silliness, or fake assertion(s).

hoof /huːf/ /hʊf/ hoofs hooves n
sabot
The tip of a toe of an ungulate such as a horse, ox or deer, strengthened by a thick keratin covering.

hoof fungus hoof fungi n
amadouvier
Fomes fomentarius, a fungal plant pathogen found in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, producing large polypore fruit bodies shaped like a horse's hoof.

hook /huːk/ /hʊk/ hooks n
crochet agrafe
A rod bent into a curved shape, typically with one end free and the other end secured to a rope or other attachment.
hook
A snare; a trap.
(narratology) A gimmick or element of a creative work intended to be attention-grabbing for the audience; a compelling idea for a story that will be sure to attract people's attention.
(typography, rare) A háček.
bras roulé
(basketball) a basketball shot in which the offensive player, usually turned perpendicular to the basket, gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head. Also called hook shot.
crochet
(boxing) a type of punch delivered with the arm rigid and partially bent and the fist travelling nearly horizontally mesially along an arc

hook /huːk/ /hʊk/ v
accrocher ferrer
(transitive) To catch with a hook (hook a fish).

hook and eye hooks and eyes n
agrafe et porte
A matched hook and an eye (loop into which the hook can fit), used for fastening.

hook shot hook shots n
bras roulé
(basketball) A shot in which the offensive player gently throws the ball with a sweeping motion of his arm in an upward arc with a follow-through which ends over his head.

hook up v
choper papillonner
(intransitive, slang, followed by with) To have a casual sexual experience with another person, usually without any future relationship intended.

hookah /ˈhu.kə/ /ˈhʊ.kə/ hookahs n
narguilé chicha houka
(recreational inhalants) A pipe with a long flexible tube that draws the smoke through water, traditionally used for smoking tobacco, which is often flavored.

hooked /hʊkt/ more hooked most hooked adj
accro
Addicted; unable to resist or cease doing.

hooker /ˈhʊk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhʊk.ɚ/ hookers n
talonneur talonneuse
(rugby) A player who hooks the ball out of the scrum with his foot.

hookworm hookworms n
ankylostome
Any of various parasitic bloodsucking roundworms which cause disease, especially the species Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, having hooked mouthparts and entering their hosts by boring through the skin.

hooligan /ˈhuː.lɪ.ɡən/ hooligans n
hooligan voyou casseur
(informal, pejorative) A person who causes trouble or violence.

hooliganism hooliganisms n
hooliganisme
unruly, aggressive behavior; behavior associated with hooligans

hoop /huːp/ hoops n
cercle cerceau
A circular band of metal used to bind a barrel.

hoopoe /ˈhupoʊ/ /ˈhupu/ /ˈhupəʊ/ /ˈhuːpuː/ hoopoes n
huppe huppe fasciée
Any Old World bird of genus Upupa, especially Upupa epops (Eurasian hoopoe), known for its distinctive plumage, fanlike crest, and slender bill.

hooray /həˈɹeɪ/ interjection
hourra&nbsp;!
Used to express approval, joy or victory.

hoot /huːt/ /hʉːt/ [hïɯt] hoots n
huées
A derisive cry or shout.
hululement ululement
The cry of an owl.

hoot /huːt/ /hʉːt/ [hïɯt] v
huer
To cry out or shout in contempt.
hululer ululer boubouler bubuler
To make the cry of an owl, a hoo.
huer railler
To assail with contemptuous cries or shouts; to follow with derisive shouts.

hooter /ˈhu.tɚ/ /ˈhuː.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈhu.ɾɚ] hooters n
klaxon
The horn in a motor vehicle.
nichon robert
(slang, especially, American, usually, in the plural) A woman's breast. [from 1970s]

hop /hɑp/ /hɒp/ hops n
houblon
(usually, in the plural) The flowers of the hop plant, dried and used to brew beer etc.
(US, slang) Opium, or some other narcotic drug.

hop /hɑp/ /hɒp/ v
sauter à cloche-pied
(intransitive) To jump a short distance.

hopak /ˈhoːpæk/ /ˈhəʊpæk/ hopaks n
gopak hopak
A Ukrainian national dance in 2/4 time.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ hopes n
espoir espérance
(countable, _, or, _, uncountable) The feeling of trust, confidence, belief or expectation that something wished for can or will happen.
(countable) A person or thing that is a source of hope.

hope /hoʊp/ /həʊp/ v
espérer
(intransitive, transitive) To want something to happen, with a sense of expectation that it might.

hope springs eternal proverb
tant qu'il y a de la vie, il y a de l'espoir
The feeling of hopefulness endlessly renews itself.

hopeful /ˈhoʊpfəl/ /ˈhəʊpfəl/ more hopeful most hopeful adj
encourageant

hopefully /ˈhoʊpfəli/ /ˈhəʊpfəli/ more hopefully most hopefully adv
avec un peu de chance espérer
(uncomparable) It is hoped that; I hope; we hope. [from 18th c.]

hopeless /ˈhoʊplɪs/ /ˈhəʊplɪs/ more hopeless most hopeless adj
désespéré
Giving no ground of hope; promising nothing desirable; desperate.

hopelessness hopelessnesses n
désespérance
A lack of hope; despair.

hophornbeam hophornbeams n
charme-houblon
Any species of the genus Ostrya, with exceptionally dense wood and hop-like fruit.

hoplite /ˈhɒplaɪt/ hoplites n
hoplite
(historical) A heavily-armed infantry soldier of Ancient Greece, wielding a one-handed spear and an aspis.

hopscotch /ˈhɑpˌskɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈhɒpˌskɒt͡ʃ/ n
marelle
(playground games) A child's game, in which a player, hopping on one foot, drives a stone from one compartment to another of a figure traced or scotched on the ground.

horchata /(h)ɔːɹˈt͡ʃɑːtə/ horchatas n
horchata
A sweet beverage variously made with rice, chufa or morro seeds (or, historically, barley), water, sugar, and cinnamon, and sometimes with milk.

horde /ho(ː)ɹd/ /hoəd/ /hɔɹd/ /hɔːd/ hordes n
horde
A wandering troop or gang; especially, a clan or tribe of a nomadic people (originally Tatars) migrating from place to place for the sake of pasturage, plunder, etc.; a predatory multitude.
A large number of people or things.

horehound horehounds n
marrube
A herb (Marrubium vulgare), of the mint family, traditionally used as a cough remedy and to make a type of hard candy.

horizon /həˈɹaɪ.zən/ horizons n
horizon ligne d'horizon
The visible horizontal line (in all directions) where the sky appears to meet the earth in the distance.

horizontal /ˌhoɹəˈzɑntəl/ /ˌhɒɹɪˈzɒntəl/ more horizontal most horizontal adj
horizontal
Perpendicular to the vertical; parallel to the plane of the horizon; level, flat.

horizontal bar horizontal bars n
barre fixe
(gymnastics) A horizontally-aligned bar used in gymnastics, upon which acts of swinging are performed.

horizontal dancing /ˌhɒ.ɹɪˈzɒn.təl ˈdæn.sɪŋ/ /ˌhɒ.ɹɪˈzɒn.təl ˈdɑːn.sɪŋ/ /ˌhɔː.ɹəˈzɑːn.təl ˈdæn.sɪŋ/ /ˌhɔː.ɹəˈzɑːn.təl ˈdɑːn.sɪŋ/ n
partie de jambes en l’air
(idiomatic, euphemistic) Sexual intercourse.

horizontally more horizontally most horizontally adv
horizontalement
In a horizontal direction or position.

hormogonium hormogonia n
hormogonie

hormonal /hɔɹˈmoʊnəl/ more hormonal most hormonal adj
hormonal
(hormone) Pertaining to hormones.

hormone /ˈhoɹmoʊn/ /ˈhɔːməʊn/ hormones n
hormone
(physiology) Any substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to effect physiological activity.
(pharmacology) A synthetic compound with the same activity.
(LGBT, colloquial, usually, in the plural) Sex hormones, as used in hormone replacement therapy for transgender or intersex people.

hormonization n
hormonisation

horn /hɔɹn/ /hɔːn/ /ˈhoːrn/ /ˈhoːɻn/ /ˈhɒːɹn/ horns n
corne cor
Any similar real or imaginary growth or projection such as the elongated tusk of a narwhal, the eyestalk of a snail, the pointed growth on the nose of a rhinoceros, or the hornlike projection on the head of a demon or similar.
(uncountable) The hard substance from which animals' horns are made, sometimes used by man as a material for making various objects.
(countable, musical instrument) An instrument resembling a musical horn and used to signal others.
cor corne
(countable) Any of several musical wind instruments.
klaxon
(countable, automotive) A loud alarm, especially one on a motor vehicle.
cuivres
(informal, musical instrument, countable) Generally, any brass wind instrument.

hornbeam /ˈhɔɹnˌbim/ /ˈhɔːnˌbiːm/ hornbeams n
charme
A tree of the genus Carpinus, having a smooth gray bark and a ridged trunk, the wood being white and very hard, common along the banks of streams in the United States.

hornbill /ˈhɔːn.bɪl/ /ˈhɔːɹn.bɪl/ hornbills n
calao
Any of various birds of the family Bucerotidae, with bills resembling a cow's horns. Many species have a casque above the bill, and many imprison their young in a tree.

hornblende /ˈhɔɹnˌblɛnd/ /ˈhɔːnˌblɛnd/ hornblendes n
hornblende
(mineral) A green to black amphibole mineral, of complex structure, formed in the late stages of cooling in igneous rock.

horndog horndogs n
chaud lapin queutard
(US, slang) A person (particularly a man) who is fixated on sex.

horned /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nd/ /ˈhɔː(ɹ)nɪd/ adj
cornu accorné
Having horns.

horned helmet horned helmets n
casque à cornes

horned lark horned larks n
alouette hausse-col
(US) A lark, Eremophila alpestris, with distinctive facial markings.

horned lizard horned lizards n
iguane à cornes lézard à cornes
Any of some 14 species of lizard in the genus Phrynosoma, generally with wide toad-shaped bodies less than a foot long, noted for the horny structures on their heads.

horned melon horned melons n
kiwano
A plant of the species Cucumis metulifer, bearing a cucumber-like fruit.

horned owl horned owls n
hibou
An owl of the genus Bubo native to the Americas, among the largest types of owl, having two horn-like tufts of feathers on its head.

horned puffin horned puffins n
macareux cornu
A species of puffin, Fratercula corniculata, similar in appearance to the Atlantic puffin except with different bill colours and a significant fleshy "horn" above each eye.

hornet /ˈhɔɹ.nɪt/ /ˈhɔː.nɪt/ hornets n
frelon
A large wasp, of the genus Vespa, having a brown-and-yellow-striped body and the ability to inflict a serious sting.

hornfels hornfels hornfelses n
cornéenne
Any of a series of contact metamorphic rocks that have been baked and indurated by the heat of intrusive igneous masses and rendered massive, hard, splintery, and in some cases exceedingly tough and durable.

hornless /hɔɹn.ləs/ /hɔɹn.lɪs/ /hɔːn.ləs/ /hɔːn.lɪs/ adj
acère écorné
Without horns.

horny /ˈhoɹni/ /ˈhɔːni/ hornier horniest adj
corné
Hard or bony, like an animal's horn.
cornu
Having horns.
excité chaud
(slang, informal) Sexually aroused.

horologist horologists n
horloger horlogère
A person skilled in horology, particularly a person who makes or repairs timekeeping devices.

horology horologies n
horologie
The art, science, and technology of making and maintaining timekeeping devices such as clocks, watches and sundials.

horopter horopters n
horoptère
For any system of binocular vision, a three-dimensional curve containing all points from which the light will converge into a single image.

horopteric adj
horoptérique

horoscope /ˈhɒ.ɹə.skəʊp/ /ˈhɔ.ɹəˌskoʊp/ horoscopes n
horoscope
An astrological forecast of a person's future based on such information.

horrendous /həˈɹɛndəs/ /əˈɹɛndəs/ more horrendous most horrendous adj
épouvantable
Extremely bad; awful; terrible.

horribile dictu adv
horribile dictu
Horrible to say; horribly.

horrible /ˈhɑɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɒɹɪbəl/ /ˈhɔɹɪbəl/ [-bəɫ] horribler horriblest more horrible most horrible adj
horrible affreux
Causing horror; terrible; shocking.
horrible épouvantable
Tremendously bad.

horribly /ˈhɑɹəbli/ /ˈhɒɹɪbli/ /ˈhɔɹəbli/ more horribly most horribly adv
horriblement
(manner) In a horrible way; very badly.
(degree, often modifying a negative adverb or adjective) To an extreme degree or extent.
(evaluative) With a very bad effect.

horrid /ˈhɒɹɪd/ /ˈhɔɹɪd/ horrider horridest more horrid most horrid adj
horrible affreux
Causing horror or dread.
abhorrable abominable désagréable exécrable ignominieux
Offensive, disagreeable, abominable, execrable.

horrific /hɑˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɒˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɔˈɹɘfɘk/ /hɔˈɹɪfɪk/ /hɘˈɹɘfɘk/ /həˈɹɪfɪk/ more horrific most horrific adj
horrifique
Horrifying, causing horror; horrible.

horror /ˈhɑɹ.ɚ/ /ˈhɒɹ.ə/ /ˈhɔɚ/ /ˈhɔɹ.ɚ/ horrors n
horreur effroi
(countable, uncountable) An intense distressing emotion of fear or repugnance.
aversion dégoût
(countable, uncountable) Intense dislike or aversion; an abhorrence.

horror movie horror movies n
film d'épouvante film d’horreur
(mostly, North America) A motion picture which entertains by horrifying or frightening the audience.

horror story horror stories n
histoire d'horreur histoire d'épouvante
(fiction) A fictional narrative of distressing events.
horreurs
(informal) A disturbing rumour.
horreur
An unpleasant experience.

hors categorie hors categories n
HC hors catégorie

hors d'oeuvre /ˌɔɹˈdɝv/ /ˌɔːˈdɜːv/ hors d'oeuvre hors d'oeuvres n
hors-d'œuvre
(food) A small, light, and usually savory first course in a meal.
(dated, rare) Something unusual or extraordinary.
hors-d'œuvre broutille gnognotte pipi de chat rien
(by extension) Anything of secondary concern; not the primary thing.

horse /hoɹs/ /hoːs/ /hɔːs/ /hɔːɹs/ [ho̝ːs] [ho̞ɹs] horses n
cavalerie
(military, sometimes, uncountable) Cavalry soldiers (sometimes capitalized when referring to an official category).
cavalier cheval
(chess, informal) The chess piece representing a knight, depicted as a horse.
cheval jument poulain pouliche étalon
Any member of the species Equus ferus, including the Przewalski's horse and the extinct Equus ferus ferus.
cheval d'arçons cheval
(nautical) Type of equipment.
équidé cheval
(dated, slang, among students) A translation or other illegitimate aid in study or examination.

horse archer horse archers n
archer à cheval
A cavalryman armed with a bow.

horse chestnut /ˌhɔɹs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ /ˌhɔːs ˈtʃɛsnʌt/ horse chestnuts n
marronnier marronnier d’Inde
Any of several tree species of genus Aesculus, especially Aesculus hippocastanum, common in temperate northern hemisphere.
marron marron d’Inde
The large nutlike seed of these trees.

horse latitudes n
les latitudes des chevaux
(informal, geography, meteorology) The warm, subtropical bands which encircle the globe between approximately 30 and 35 degrees both north and south of the Equator, characterized by high atmospheric pressure and dry variable winds ranging from calm to light.

horse of a different color n
c'est une autre paire de manches
(American spelling, idiomatic) An unrelated or only incidentally related matter with distinctly different significance.

horse race /ˈhɔː(ɹ)sɹeɪs/ horse races n
course de chevaux
A competitive race for horses carrying jockeys; often the subject of betting

horse racing n
courses de chevaux hippisme
A sport where horses and their jockeys compete to race around a track the fastest.

horse sense n
gros bon sens
Common sense, especially with a connotation of folk wisdom that trumps formal education.

horse stance horse stances n
kiba-dachi
A posture in Asian martial arts which takes its name from the position assumed when riding a horse.

horse-drawn adj
hippomobile
(of a vehicle) Pulled along by one or more horses.

horseapple horseapples n
bois d'arc orange des Osages oranger des Osages
The large, wrinkled, inedible fruit of the American tree Maclura pomifera.

horseback /ˈhɔɹsˌbæk/ /ˈhɔːsˌbæk/ adv
à cheval
On the back of a horse.

horsebox horseboxes n
van
(UK) A motor vehicle for transporting horses.

horsefly horseflies n
taon
Any of several medium to large flies, of the family Tabanidae, that suck the blood of mammals (not to be confused with Stomoxys calcitrans, the stable fly, or dog fly).

horsehair horsehairs n
crin
The hair of a horse, especially from the mane and tail, used for upholstery.

horseling horselings n
poney
A young or little horse; foal; pony.

horseman /ˈhɔrsmən/ /ˈhɔːsmən/ horsemen n
cavalier
A man who rides a horse.
A soldier on horseback, especially a cavalryman.

horsemeat horsemeats n
viande de cheval
The meat from a horse.

horseplay n
chahut
Rough or rowdy play that can often result in unintentional physical harm.

horseplay v
chahuter
(intransitive) To engage in horseplay.

horsepower /ˈhɔɹsˌpaʊɚ/ /ˈhɔːsˌpaʊə/ horsepower horsepowers n
cheval-vapeur
A metric unit (symbol often PS from the German abbreviation), approximately equal to 735.5 watts.

horseradish /ˈhɔɹsɹædɪʃ/ /ˈhɔːsɹædɪʃ/ horseradishes n
raifort
(countable) A plant of the mustard family, Armoracia rusticana.
raifort cran cranson de Bretagne
(uncountable) A pungent condiment made from the root of the plant.

horseriding n
équitation
The practice of riding horses for sport or pleasure; equestrianism

horseshoe /ˈhɔː.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːs.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹ.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/ horseshoes n
fer à cheval
The U-shaped shoe of a horse, now typically made of metal; by extension, a representation of this used to play the game horseshoes, hung as a luck charm, etc.

horseshoe /ˈhɔː.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːs.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹ.ʃuː/ /ˈhɔːɹs.ʃuː/ v
ferrer
To apply horseshoes to (a horse).

horseshoe crab horseshoe crabs n
limule
A type of chelicerate arthropod, of the genus Limulus, resembling a crab, to which it is not closely related.

horseshoe vetch horseshoe vetches n
fer à cheval hippocrépide
Hippocrepis genus and any species in it
often Hippocrepis comosa specifically, tufted horseshoe vetch

horsetail /ˈhɔː(ɹ)s.teɪl/ horsetails n
prêle
(botany) Any of various simple vascular plants, of the order Equisetales, that have hollow stems and produce spores.

horsetrader horsetraders n
maquignon
(literally) A person who buys and sells horses, especially one who makes such transactions in a clever or skillful manner.

horsewhip horsewhips n
cravache
A whip for use on horses.

horsewoman horsewomen n
écuyère
A woman who is skilled with horses; a female equestrian.

horsy /ˈhɔɹsi/ /ˈhɔːsi/ horsier horsiest adj
chevalin
Of or relating to horses.

horsy /ˈhɔɹsi/ /ˈhɔːsi/ horsies n
dada
(childish, or, endearing) A child's term or name for a horse.

hortative /ˈhɔːtətɪv/ more hortative most hortative adj
hortatif
(comparable) Urging, exhorting, or encouraging.
(grammar, not comparable) Of a mood or class of imperative subjunctive moods of a verb for giving strong encouragement.

horticultural more horticultural most horticultural adj
horticole
Of or pertaining to horticulture; connected with gardening.

horticulture /ˈhɔɹ.tɪˌkʌl.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈhɔː.tɪˌkʌl.tʃə(ɹ)/ horticultures n
horticulture
The art or science of cultivating gardens; gardening.

hosanna /hoʊˈzænə/ /hoʊˈzɑnə/ interjection
hosanna
A cry of praise or adoration to God in liturgical use among the Jews, and said to have been shouted in recognition of the Messiahship of Jesus on his entry into Jerusalem; hence since used in the Christian Church.

hose /hoʊz/ /həʊz/ hosen hoses n
tuyau
(countable) A flexible tube conveying water or other fluid.

hose clamp hose clamps n
collier de serrage collier
A device used to attach and seal a hose onto a fitting.

hose down v
éteindre un feu
(transitive) To put out or reduce a fire by squirting water on the fire with a hose.
calmer quelqu'un
(transitive, idiomatic) To calm down a person, or a situation.

hospice /ˈhɑspɪs/ /ˈhɒspɪs/ hospices n
hospice
(uncountable) The provision of palliative care for terminally ill patients, either at a specialized facility or at a residence, and support for the family, typically refraining from taking extraordinary measures to prolong life.

hospitable /hɑsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /hɒsˈpɪtəbl̩/ /ˈhɑspɪtəbl̩/ more hospitable most hospitable adj
hospitalier
cordial and generous towards guests

hospital /ˈhɑs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈhɑs.pɪ.ɾl̩/ /ˈhɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ /ˈɒs.pɪ.tl̩/ hospitals n
hôpital
A large medical facility, usually in a building with multiple floors, where seriously ill or injured patients are given extensive medical and/or surgical treatment.

hospital gown hospital gowns n
blouse d'hôpital chemise d'hôpital jaquette d'hôpital
A gown worn by patients, typically being knee-length, having short sleeves, and being secured on the body with strings.

hospital ship hospital ships n
navire hôpital navire-hôpital
A ship that is intended to serve as a mobile hospital with appropriate equipment and personnel.

hospitality /hɑs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ /hɒs.pɪˈtæl.ɪ.ti/ hospitalities n
hospitalité
The act or service of welcoming, receiving, hosting, or entertaining guests; an appropriate attitude of openness, respect, and generosity toward guests.
hôtellerie-restauration
(business) The business of providing catering, lodging and entertainment service; the industry which includes the operation of hotels, restaurants, and similar enterprises.

hospitalization hospitalizations n
hospitalisation
The hospitalizing of a patient, the condition of being hospitalized, or the period a patient stays in hospital.

hospitalize /ˈhɒspɪtəˌlaɪz/ v
hospitaliser
To send to hospital; to admit (a person) to hospital.

host /hoʊst/ /həʊst/ hostess hosts n
hôte amphitryon maître de maison
One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
armée ost
A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
hostie
(Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
organisateur animateur
A person or organization responsible for running an event.
hôte
(computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
(ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.

host /hoʊst/ /həʊst/ v
animer recevoir
To perform the role of a host.
héberger
(computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.

host cell host cells n
cellule hôte
(biology) A living cell which harbours an infectious agent (such as a virus or bacterium).

host desecration host desecrations n
Accusation de profanation d'hosties contre les Juifs
(Christianity) The sacrilegious mistreatment or malicious use of the host (consecrated bread of the Eucharist).

host family host families n
famille d'accueil
(This entry is a translation hub.)

hostage /ˈhɑs.tɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈhɒs.tɪd͡ʒ/ hostages n
otage
A person given as a pledge or security for the performance of the conditions of a treaty or similar agreement, such as to ensure the status of a vassal.

hostage-taker hostage-takers n
preneur d'otage

hostel /ˈhɑstəl/ /ˈhɒstəl/ hostels n
auberge pension
A commercial overnight lodging place, with dormitory accommodation and shared facilities, especially a youth hostel.

hoster hosters n
hébergeur
(computing, Internet, neologism) A provider of online hosting, especially web hosting.

hostess /ˈhoʊstɪs/ /ˈhəʊstəs/ host hostesses n
hôtesse maîtresse de maison
A female host.
hôtesse de l'air
Stewardess: a woman steward on an airplane.

hostile /ˈhɑstaɪl/ /ˈhɑstəl/ /ˈhɒstaɪl/ /ˈhɒstəl/ more hostile most hostile adj
hostile
Not friendly; appropriate to an enemy; showing the disposition of an enemy; showing ill will and malevolence or a desire to thwart and injure.

hostility /hɑˈstɪlɪti/ /hɒˈstɪlɪti/ hostilities n
hostilité
(uncountable) The state of being hostile.
(countable) A hostile action, especially a military action. See hostilities for specific plural definition.

hosting /ˈhoʊstɪŋ/ /ˈhəʊstɪŋ/ hostings n
hébergement
(computing) Running and maintaining a computer system on someone's behalf.

hostname hostnames n
nom d'hôte
(networking) The unique name by which any device attached to a computer network is known.

hot /hɑt/ /hɒt/ hotter hottest adj
chaud
(of an object) Having or giving off a high temperature.
faire chaud chaud
(of a person or animal) Feeling the sensation of heat, especially to the point of discomfort.
fiévreux
Feverish.
radioactif
(informal) Radioactive. [from the 20thc.]
vif
(US, uncomparable) Electrically charged.
sexy bonne
(colloquial, of a person) Very physically and/or sexually attractive.
chouré
(slang) Stolen. [from the 20thc.]
brûlant
Very close to finding or guessing something to be found or guessed.
piquant épicé
(of food) Spicy, pungent, piquant, as some chilis and other spices are.

hot air n
air chaud
(literal) Air that has been heated, especially so as to function as the lifting agent of a hot-air balloon.
vent
(idiomatic) Empty, confused, or exaggerated talk lacking meaning or substance; bluster.

hot chocolate hot chocolates n
chocolat chaud
A (serving of a) warm beverage made of cocoa and water or milk, often drunk during cold weather.

hot dog /ˈhɑt.dɑɡ/ /ˈhɑt.dɔɡ/ /ˈhɒt.dɒɡ/ /ˈhʌt.dɒɡ/ /ˌhɑtˈdɑɡ/ /ˌhɑtˈdɔɡ/ /ˌhɒtˈdɒɡ/ [ˈhʌʔ.dɒːɡ] hot dogs n
hot-dog chien chaud roteux
A sandwich consisting of a frankfurter or wiener, in a bread roll, usually topped with ketchup, mustard, relish, etc.

hot flush hot flushes n
bouffée de chaleur
(UK, Canada, AU, NZ) A sudden, but brief, sensation of heat over the entire body; a common symptom of the menopause.

hot on someone's heels adj
aux trousses de
(idiomatic) Close behind; pursuing or following closely.

hot pants n
mini-short micro-short
Very brief, tight shorts mainly worn by women and girls.

hot pot hot pots n
fondue avec bouillon
(chiefly, UK) A stew of beef or lamb and potatoes.
fondue chinoise
A communal meal, popular in China, where diners share a bowl of hot broth or stock into which uncooked foods such as mushrooms, vegetables, and cuts of meat are dipped until they are cooked enough to be eaten.

hot potato hot potatoes n
patate chaude
(uncountable) A child's game in which players pass a ball or other item between them, with the object of avoiding being left holding the item when time expires.
(countable, idiomatic) An awkward or delicate problem with which nobody wants to be associated.

hot sauce /ˈhɒtˌsɔs/ hot sauces n
sauce Chili sauce piquante
Any liquid spicy condiment or cooking ingredient made from chile peppers.

hot shoe hot shoes n
pied-sabot

hot spot /ˈhɑtˌspɑt/ /ˈhɒtˌspɒt/ hot spots n
point chaud
(geology, planetology) The surface manifestation of a plume of molten material that rises from deep in a celestial body's mantle.

hot spring hot springs n
source chaude
A natural spring producing water whose temperature is greater than about 20°C (68°F).

hot war hot wars n
guerre chaude
A conflict in which actual fighting takes place between the belligerent parties.

hot water n
peine
(idiomatic, figuratively) A dangerous situation; trouble.
eau chaude
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see hot,‎ water.

hot water bottle hot water bottles n
bouillotte
A flexible, saclike bottle, usually made of rubber, intended to be filled with hot water and placed on some part of the body for thermotherapy, or simple warming.

hot water heater hot water heaters n
chauffe-eau
An apparatus, usually fuel-burning, electric or solar-powered, in which water is heated to be used directly as domestic hot water or process hot water (but not for supplying space heating, calorifiers etc, for which a boiler or furnace is used).

hot yoga n
yoga chaud
Yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions.

hot-air balloon hot-air balloons n
montgolfière ballon à air chaud
A balloon-shaped aircraft whose bag is inflated with hot air, carrying passengers and crew in a gondola slung underneath.

hotbed hotbeds n
nid
(by extension) An environment that is ideal for the growth or development of something, especially of something undesirable.

hotchpot hotchpots n
rapport à succession
(civil law, inheritance) The blending together of property so as to achieve equal division, mainly in the case of inheritance.

hotel /(h)əʊˈtɛl/ /hoʊˈtɛl/ /ˈhoʊtɛl/ hotels n
hôtel
An establishment that provides accommodation and other services for paying guests; normally larger than a guesthouse, and often one of a chain. [from 17th c.]
The larger red property in the game of Monopoly, in contradistinction to houses.

hotel room hotel rooms n
chambre [[d']]hôtel chambre d'hôtel

hotelier /oʊ.təl.ˈjeɪ/ /ˌhoʊ.ˈtɛl.i.əɹ/ /ˌhəʊ.ˈtɛl.i.ə/ hoteliers n
hôtelier hôtelière
Someone who runs a hotel.

hothead hotheads n
tête brûlée
One who reacts quickly and without thinking carefully first

hothouse hothouses n
vivier
(figurative) An environment in which growth or development is encouraged naturally or artificially; a hotbed.

hotline hotlines n
aide en ligne hotline
assistance téléphonique
A telephone line that is always staffed and able to give immediate assistance.
téléphone rouge
A direct line between two people, especially one between heads of state to be used in an emergency.

hotplate hotplates n
plaque chauffante plaque de cuisson
A semi-portable stove.

hotshot /ˈhɒtˌʃɒt/ hotshots n
as bête champion machine
(informal) Someone with exceptional skills in a certain field.

hottie /ˈhɑ.ti/ /ˈhɒ.ti/ /ˈhɔ.ti/ [ˈhɑ.ɾi] [ˈhɔ.ɾi] hotties n
bombe
(slang, originally, Australian) A physically or sexually attractive person.

houbara bustard houbara bustards n
houbara
Chlamydotis undulata, a bustard, chiefly of North Africa and south-east Asia.

hound /haʊnd/ hounds n
chien courant chien de chasse braque molosse
A dog, particularly a breed with a good sense of smell developed for hunting other animals.

hound's tongue hound's tongues n
cynoglosse
A biennial weed (Cynoglossum officinale) with soft tongue-shaped leaves and an offensive odour. It bears nutlets covered with barbed or hooked prickles.

houndstooth /ˈhaʊndstuːθ/ houndsteeth n
pied-de-poule
Fabric with a houndstooth pattern; an item of clothing made with such fabric.

hour /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ hours n
heure
A unit of time of one twenty-fourth of a day (sixty minutes).
heures heure
(Christianity, in the plural) The set times of prayer, the canonical hours, the offices or services prescribed for these, or a book containing them.

hour hand hour hands n
aiguille des heures petite aiguille
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves twice each day and indicates the hours.

hourglass /ˈaʊəɡlɑːs/ hourglasses n
sablier
A clock made of two glass vessels connected by a narrow passage through which sand flows.

hourglass figure hourglass figures n
taille de guêpe
A human body shape resembling an hourglass, i.e. with a very narrow waist and wide bust and hips.

houri /ˈhʊəɹi/ houris n
houri
(Islam) A nymph in the form of a beautiful virgin supposed to dwell in Paradise for the enjoyment of the faithful.

house /haʊs/ /hʌʊs/ hice housen houses n
maison
A structure built or serving as an abode of human beings. [from 9th c.]
(Hong Kong, only used in names) An apartment building within a public housing estate.
A place of business; a company or organisation, especially a printing press, a publishing company, or a couturier. [from 10th c.]
A place of public accommodation or entertainment, especially a public house, an inn, a restaurant, a theatre, or a casino; or the management thereof. [from 10th c.]
A dynasty; a family with its ancestors and descendants, especially a royal or noble one. [from 10th c.]
chambre maison
A building used for something other than a residence (typically with qualifying word). [from 10th c.]
(politics) A building where a deliberative assembly meets; whence the assembly itself, particularly a component of a legislature. [from 10th c.]
le papa et la maman
(uncountable) A children's game in which the players pretend to be members of a household.

house /haʊz/ v
garer loger
(transitive) To keep within a structure or container.
abriter héberger loger
(transitive) To admit to residence; to harbor.

house arrest house arrests n
résidence surveillée assignation à résidence
(legal) Confinement of a person to his or her residence, sometimes with a limited travel allowance, ordered by a judge or other authority as a more lenient alternative to imprisonment.

house call house calls n
visite à domicile
A visit by a medical professional, especially a physician, to examine a patient in his or her home.

house cricket house crickets n
grillon domestique
A cricket of the species Acheta domestica.

house lizard house lizards n
gecko asiatique tjictjac
Common house gecko (Hemidactylus frenatus), native to southeast Asia.

house mouse house mice n
souris souris grise
The universally common mouse of the species Mus musculus.

house mover house movers n
déménageur déménageuse

house music /ˈhaʊs ˌmjuːzɪk/ n
house house music musique house
(music genre) A particular type of electronic dance music with an uptempo beat and recurring kickdrum.

house number house numbers n
numéro de maison
The number (street address) assigned to a particular house to distinguish it from other buildings on the same street.

house of cards /ˈhaʊs.ʌvˌkɑɹdz/ [ˈhaʊs.ʌvˌkʰɑɹdz] houses of cards n
château de cartes
A structure made by stacking playing cards in a pyramidal fashion.
(figurative, idiomatic) A structure or argument built on a shaky foundation.

house points n
bon point
(usually, in the plural, British) Point awarded to a member of the house of a grammar school or public school for sporting and other achievement.

house rule house rules n
règlement intérieur
A rule adopted by a particular establishment.

house sparrow house sparrows n
moineau domestique piaf moineau franc
A bird of the species Passer domesticus, native to much of Eurasia, introduced in many other temperate environments.

house wine house wines n
vin de maison vin de pays
A relatively inexpensive wine sold in a restaurant, often by the glass as well as by the bottle or unmarked carafe; both red and white are normally offered.

house-trained adj
propre dressé
(of a pet) Trained not to excrete indoors.

houseblock /haʊsˈblɒk/ houseblocks n
taloryhmä

housecloth housecloths n
chiffon
An old cloth or rag used to clean something, especially a house.

housefly houseflies n
mouche domestique
Any fly regularly found in human dwellings.

household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ adj
domestique
Found in or having its origin in a home.

household /ˈhaʊshoʊld/ /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ households n
maisonnée
ménage foyer
Entirety of work and management required to sustain the household.
foyer
Legal or culturally determined unit of people living together.

household appliance household appliances n
électroménager
A machine which accomplishes a household function, such as cooking or cleaning.

househusband househusbands n
homme au foyer ménager
A man who tends to his home as a housekeeper or homemaker; the male equivalent of a housewife.

housekeeper /ˈhaʊskipɚ/ /ˈhaʊskiːpə/ housekeepers n
gouvernante
Someone (traditionally a woman) employed to look after the home, typically by managing domestic servants or superintending household management; also someone with equivalent duties in a hotel, institution etc. [from 16th c.]
ménagère
Someone who manages the running of a home, traditionally the female head of the household. [from 17th c.]

housekeeping housekeepings n
ménage
The chores of maintaining a house as a residence, especially cleaning.

houseleek /ˈhaʊsliːk/ houseleeks n
joubarbe
Any of several succulent plants, of the genus Sempervivum, having a rosette of fleshy leaves.

housemaid housemaids n
femme de ménage
A female domestic worker attached to the non-servant quarter part of the house, as opposed to a scullery maid.

housemother /haʊsˈmʌðə(ɹ)/ /hʌʊsˈmʌðɚ/ [haʊsˈmɐðə(ɹ)] housemothers n
surveillante
A woman employed in a residence for young people, to look after them.

houseplant houseplants n
plante d'intérieur plante d'appartement
A plant that is grown indoors in places such as a house or office for decorative purposes.

housewarming housewarmings n
pendaison de crémaillère
(idiomatic) A party to celebrate moving into a new home.

housewife /ˈhaʊs.waɪf/ /ˈhʌz(w)ɪf/ /ˈhʌzwaɪf/ /ˈhʌzɪf/ housewifes housewives n
femme au foyer garce maîtresse de maison mère au foyer
(plural "housewives") The wife of a householder; the mistress of a family; the female head of a household.
boîte à ouvrage trousse de couture
(plural "housewifes") A little case or bag for materials used in sewing, and for other articles of female work.

housework n
ménage
Domestic household chores such as cleaning and cooking.

housing /ˈhaʊsɪŋ/ /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ housings n
logement
(uncountable) The activity of enclosing something or providing a residence for someone.
logement résidence
(uncountable) Residences, collectively.

housing estate housing estates n
lotissement grand ensemble
A group of often architecturally similar buildings constructed at the same time. Primarily for residential accommodation, estates may also include commercial facilities.

hovel /ˈhɒvəl/ /ˈhʌvəl/ hovels n
taudis
(pejorative) A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut.

hover /ˈhɒvə/ /ˈhʌvə/ /ˈhʌvɚ/ v
faire du sur-place
Sometimes followed by over: to hang around or linger in a place, especially in an uncertain manner.
hésiter
To be indecisive or uncertain; to vacillate, to waver.
placer le curseur [[au-dessus]] [[d'un]] hyperlien
(computing) Chiefly followed by over: to use a mouse or other device to place a cursor over something on a screen such as a hyperlink or icon without clicking, so as to produce a result (such as the appearance of a tooltip).
planer éventiller
To remain stationary or float in the air.

hovercraft /ˈhɑvɚ.kɹæft/ /ˈhɒv.ə.kɹæft/ /ˈhɒv.ə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈhʌv.ə.kɹæft/ /ˈhʌv.ə.kɹɑːft/ /ˈhʌvɚ.kɹæft/ hovercraft hovercrafts n
aéroglisseur
(vehicle, genericized trademark) A vehicle supported on a cushion of air, able to traverse many different types of terrain and travel over water, used for transport.

hoverfly hoverflies n
syrphe
Any of various flies from the family Syrphidae that hover in the air and feed on the nectar of flowers.

how /haʊ/ /hæɔ/ adv
comment comme
(interrogative) To what degree or extent.
(interrogative) In what manner:
(interrogative) In what state or condition.
comme que comment
(exclamative) Used as a modifier to indicate surprise, delight, or other strong feelings in an exclamation.

how /haʊ/ /hæɔ/ conjunction
comment comme
The manner or way in which.
In any way in which; in whatever way; however.

how about that phraseologicalUnit
ça alors ça par exemple
(rhetorical question) A general statement of surprise or bemusement with regard to a particular event.; isn't that good, or unexpected, etc.

how are you /haʊ ˈɑɹ ju/ /haʊ ˈɑː juː/ /hæɔ ˈaː jə/ /hæɔ ˈaː jʉː/ phraseologicalUnit
comment vas-tu comment ça va comment allez-vous ça va
(idiomatic) An informal greeting, not requiring a literal response. In form a question, and thus followed by a question mark. Typical responses include:

how come /haʊ kʌm/ adv
pourquoi comment se fait-ce que comment se fait-il que comment ça se fait que
(idiomatic, informal) Why; why is it; for what reason or purpose; due to what cause?

how do I get to phraseologicalUnit
comment aller à comment puis-je me rendre à
Please show me/tell me the best way to reach ...

how do I get to the airport phraseologicalUnit
comment aller à l'aéroport? comment puis-je me rendre à l'aéroport?
Used to ask for directions in order to go to an airport.

how do I get to the bus station phraseologicalUnit
comment aller à la gare routière ?
Used to ask for directions in order to go to a bus station.

how do I get to the train station phraseologicalUnit
comment aller à la gare
Used to ask for directions in order to go to a train station.

how do you do phraseologicalUnit
enchanté enchantée
(formal) A greeting used upon being introduced to someone. Alternatives are how are you, pleased to meet you, and nice to meet you. (Sometimes used as a rhetorical question among familiar parties, depending on the region).

how do you mean phraseologicalUnit
comment ça ?
A request for clarification of what the listener just said.

how do you pronounce this word /ˈhaʊ duː ˈjuː pɹəˈnaʊns ðɪs ˈwɝd/ /ˈhaʊ də juː pɹəˈnaʊns ðɪs ˈwɜːd/ phraseologicalUnit
comment prononce-t-on ce mot ?
Please say this word out loud so that I can learn how it is pronounced.

how do you say … in English phraseologicalUnit
comment dit-on … en anglais
A request for a translation of a word or phrase into English.

how do you spell this word phraseologicalUnit
comment écrit-on ce mot ?
I want to know how this word is written.

how far adv
[[jusqu']]où [[jusqu']]à quel point
Used literally: what distance. (This entry is a translation hub.)

how long adv
combien de temps depuis combien de temps depuis quand pour combien de temps
Used literally: for what duration.

how many determiner
combien
(This entry is a translation hub.)

how many pronoun
combien
what number

how many languages do you speak phraseologicalUnit
combien de langues parles-tu ? combien de langues parlez-vous ?
Used to ask the interlocutor how many languages he or she speaks.

how many siblings do you have phraseologicalUnit
combien de frères et soeurs avez-vous
Used to ask how many brothers or sisters someone has.

how much determiner
combien
(interrogative) What amount or quantity (of something stated or implied).
c'est combien ? combien
(specifically, when referring to the cost of an item) What amount of money.

how much do you charge phraseologicalUnit
[[c'est]] combien ? combien ça coûte ?
Used to ask a professional the monetary cost of his/her services.

how much does it cost phraseologicalUnit
[[c'est combien]] ? combien ça coûte ?
What is its price? How much money do you want for it?

how old are you /haʊ ˈoʊld ɑɹ ˌju/ /haʊ ˈəʊld ɑː(ɹ) ˌjuː/ phraseologicalUnit
quel âge as-tu ? quel âge avez-vous ?
Asks the age of the interlocutor.
(impolite) Used to question the mental age (maturity) of the interlocutor.

how should I know phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce que j'en sais ?

how the mighty have fallen phraseologicalUnit
ce n'est plus ce que c'était
Used to imply the decline of a once-great person or entity.

how's it going phraseologicalUnit
comment ça va ça va
(informal) how are you?

how's the weather phraseologicalUnit
comment est le temps quel temps fait-il
Used to inquire about the weather.

how's tricks phraseologicalUnit
ça gaze?
(idiomatic, colloquial) Informal greeting roughly equivalent to How are you? or How's it going?

howbeit /haʊˈbiː.ɪt/ adv
néanmoins quoi qu'il en soit
(archaic) Be that as it may; nevertheless.

however /haʊˈɛvɚ/ /hɑʊˈɛvə/ /hɑˈwɛvə(ɹ)/ adv
cependant toutefois pourtant néanmoins nonobstant
(conjunctive) Nevertheless; yet, still; in spite of that.
peu importe
(degree) To whatever degree or extent.

however /haʊˈɛvɚ/ /hɑʊˈɛvə/ /hɑˈwɛvə(ɹ)/ conjunction
de quelque manière que ce soit quelle que soit sa manière

howitzer /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaʊ.ɪts.əɹ/ howitzers n
obusier
A cannon that combines certain characteristics of field guns and mortars, delivering projectiles with medium velocities, usually with relatively high trajectories; normally a cannon with a tube length of 20 to 30 calibers.

howl /haʊl/ howls n
hurlement
The protracted, mournful cry of a dog, wolf or other canid; also of other animals.

howl /haʊl/ v
hurler
To utter a loud, protracted, mournful sound or cry, as dogs and wolves often do.
To utter a sound expressive of pain or distress; to cry aloud and mournfully; to lament; to wail.

howler /ˈhaʊlə/ /ˈhaʊlɚ/ howlers n
hurleur
That which howls, especially an animal such as a wolf or a howler monkey.
bourde gaffe
(slang) A painfully obvious mistake.

hoy /hɔɪ/ hoys n
heu
(nautical) A small coaster vessel, usually sloop-rigged, used in conveying passengers and goods, or as a tender to larger vessels in port.

hp n
ch cv
(unit of power)

hryvnia /(hə)ˈrɪvniə/ /(hə)ˈrɪvnɪə/ hryvni hryvnias n
hryvnia
The currency of Ukraine, symbol ₴, divided into 100 kopiykas.

hub /hʌb/ hubs n
moyeu
The central part, usually cylindrical, of a wheel; the nave.
carrefour pôle
A point where many routes meet and traffic is distributed, dispensed, or diverted.
concentrateur commutateur
(networking) A computer networking device connecting several Ethernet ports. See switch.
cale
A block for scotching a wheel.

hubbub /ˈhʌbʌb/ hubbubs n
brouhaha tohu-bohu
A confused uproar, commotion, tumult or racket.

hubcap hubcaps n
enjoliveur chapeau de roue
A decorative and protective disk that covers the hub of a motor car wheel.

hubris /ˈhjuːbɹɪs/ [ˈçju̟ːbɹ̠ʷɪs] hubrises n
hybris hubris
Excessive pride, presumption or arrogance (originally toward the gods).

huchen /ˈhuːkən/ huchens n
Huchon
Hucho hucho, a species of freshwater fish in the salmon family (Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes.

huckleberry /ˈhʌkl̩b(ə)ɹi/ /ˈhʌkl̩ˌbɛɹi/ huckleberries n
myrtille américaine
A shrub growing this fruit.

huckster /ˈhʌkstɚ/ hucksters n
bonimenteur colporteur
Somebody who sells things in an aggressive or showy manner.
bonimenteur
One who deceptively sells fraudulent products.

huddle /ˈhʌdəl/ huddles n
foule dense et désordonnée
A dense and disorderly crowd.

huddle /ˈhʌdəl/ v
se blottir
(intransitive) To crowd together.
(intransitive) To curl one's legs up to the chest and keep one's arms close to the torso; to crouch; to assume a position similar to that of an embryo in the womb.

hue /hju/ /hjuː/ /hjʉː/ /hɪu̯/ /ju/ [çu] [çu̟ː] [çʉː] hues n
nuance
teinte
A color, or shade of color; tint; dye.

huffy /ˈhʌfi/ huffier huffiest adj
vexé
(informal) Angry, annoyed, indignant or irritated.
susceptible
(informal) Easily offended; thin-skinned or touchy.

hug /hʌɡ/ hugs n
étreinte câlin embrassade accolade
A close embrace, especially when charged with an emotion such as affection, joy, relief, lust, anger, aggression, compassion, and the like, as opposed to being characterized by formality, equivocation or ambivalence (a half-embrace or "little hug").

hug /hʌɡ/ v
embrasser étreindre serrer
(transitive, figurative) To hold fast; to cling to; to cherish.

hugbox hugboxes n
hugbox
(slang, derogatory, offensive) An environment or thing which validates or reinforces a limited set of feelings or ideas.

huge /hjuːd͡ʒ/ /juːdʒ/ [hʊudʒ] [çu̟ːd͡ʒ] huger hugest more huge most huge adj
énorme
Very large.

hugely /ˈhjuːd͡ʒli/ adv
colossalement
greatly; to a huge extent

huggable /ˈhʌɡ.ə.bəl/ more huggable most huggable adj
confortable douillet
Capable of, or suitable for, being hugged.

huggle huggles n
câlinou
(Internet, childish) A hug while snuggling: gesture of tender non-sexual affection.

huh /hə/ /hʌ/ [hə̃] [hʌ̃] interjection
hein
(with rising pitch) Used to express doubt or confusion.
(with rising pitch) Used to reinforce a question.
(informal, with rising pitch) Used to indicate that one did not hear what was said.
(informal, with falling pitch) Used to create a tag question.
hein oh
(slang, with falling pitch) Used either to belittle the issuer of a statement/question, or sarcastically to indicate utter agreement, and that the statement being responded to is an extreme understatement. The intonation is changed to distinguish between the two meanings - implied dullness for belittlement, and feigned surprise for utter agreement.

huke /h(j)uːk/ hukes n
huque
(historical) An outer garment (robe or cloak) worn by men and women in Europe in the Middle Ages, either as civilian clothing or over armor.

hula hoop /ˈhuːlə ˌhuːp/ hula hoops n
hula hoop
A toy in the form of a large hoop which is twirled around various parts of the body, especially the waist.

hulk /hʌlk/ hulks n
épave
(by extension) A non-functional but floating ship, usually stripped of equipment and rigging, and often put to other uses such as accommodation or storage.
lourdaud rustre
(figuratively) A big (and possibly clumsy) person.

hull /hʌl/ hulls n
coque cosse
The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
coque
(mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

hull /hʌl/ v
décortiquer écosser
To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

hullabaloo /ˈhʌləbəˌlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈluː/ hullabaloos n
branle-bas branlebas buzz clameur excitation tintamarre
A clamour, a commotion; a fuss or uproar. [from 17th c.]

hullabaloo /ˈhʌləbəˌlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈlu/ /ˌhʌləbəˈluː/ v
chichiter faire des chichis
(intransitive) To make a commotion or uproar.

huller hullers n
décortiqueuse
One who, or that which, hulls; especially, an agricultural machine for removing the hulls from grain; a hulling machine.

hum /ˈhʌm/ v
fredonner
(intransitive) To make a sound from the vocal chords without pronouncing any real words, with one's lips closed.
bourdonner
(intransitive) To drone like certain insects naturally do in motion, or sounding similarly
fourmiller
(intransitive) To buzz, be busily active like a beehive

human /ˈhjuː.mən/ /ˈju.mən/ [ˈçju̟mn̩] [ˈçju̟mən] more human most human adj
humain
(notcomp) Of or belonging to the species Homo sapiens or its closest relatives.
(comparable) Having the nature or attributes of a human being.

human being human beings n
être humain homme humain humaine
A person; a large sapient, bipedal primate, with notably less hair than others of that order, of the species Homo sapiens.

human cannonball human cannonballs n
homme-canon
A circus performer who is launched from a specially designed cannon.

human capital n
capital humain
(economics) The stock of competencies, knowledge, habits, social and personality attributes, including creativity, cognitive abilities, embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value.

human chain human chains n
chaîne humaine
(politics) A form of demonstration in which people link their arms as a show of political solidarity.

human condition n
condition humaine
(usually, preceded by the) What it means to be human; the experiences, characteristics, and limitations of life shared by all humans, as opposed to other lifeforms.

human immunodeficiency virus human immunodeficiency viruses n
virus de l'immunodéficience humaine
(virology) Either of the two related viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus 2 (HIV-2) that progressively destroy the body's immune system and can potentially lead to AIDS.

human nature n
nature humaine
The fundamental set of qualities, and the range of behaviour, shared by all humans.

human pyramid human pyramids n
pyramide humaine
A tower made of people standing or kneeling on top of each other.

human resource management n
gestion des ressources humaines gestion du personnel service du personnel
A department within a business, responsible for carrying out this process.

human resources n
ressources humaines
(management) The personnel department of an organization, dealing with the recruitment, administration, management and training of employees; abbreviated as HR.

human right human rights n
droit humain
A basic right that all humans should be guaranteed by virtue of them being a human.

human rights /ˌhjumən ˈɹaɪtz/ /ˌhjuːmən ˈɹaɪtz/ n
droits de l'homme droits humains droits de la personne
(international law) The set of basic rights and freedoms that all humans should be guaranteed, including the right to life and liberty, freedom of thought and expression, and equality before the law.

human shield human shields n
bouclier humain
(military) Civilians which a military group has deliberately placed combat targets near to deter an enemy from attacking those targets.

human trafficking n
traite trafic [[d']]êtres humains
A criminal activity in which people are recruited, harboured, transported, bought, or kidnapped to serve an exploitative purpose, such as sexual slavery, forced labor, or child soldiery.

human zoo human zoos n
zoo humain
(historical) An exhibition of aboriginal humans in a facsimile of their normal cultural setting.

human-rightism n
droits-de-l'hommisme
(derogatory) A political philosophy that focuses on human rights.

human-rightist human-rightists n
droits-de-l'hommiste
A proponent of human-rightism.

humane /hjuːˈmeɪn/ humaner humanest more humane most humane adj
humain
Having or showing concern for the pain or suffering of another; compassionate.
Pertaining to branches of learning concerned with human affairs or the humanities, especially classical literature or rhetoric.

humanely more humanely most humanely adv
humainement
in a humane way

humanin n
humanine

humanism /ˈhjumənɪz(ə)m/ /ˈhjuːmənɪz(ə)m/ humanisms n
humanisme
(historical, often capitalized) Specifically, a cultural and intellectual movement in 14th-16th century Europe characterised by attention to classical culture and a promotion of vernacular texts, notably during the Renaissance. [from 19th c.]
An ethical system that centers on humans and their values, needs, interests, abilities, dignity and freedom; especially used for a secular one which rejects theistic religion and superstition. [from 19th c.]
Humanitarianism, philanthropy.

humanist /ˈhjuːmənɪst/ [ˈhçuːmənɪst] [ˈçuːmənɪst] humanists n
humaniste
A person who believes in the philosophy of humanism.

humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən] more humanitarian most humanitarian adj
humanitaire humanitariste
Concerned with people's welfare, and the alleviation of suffering; compassionate, humane.

humanitarian /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən] humanitarians n
humaniste humanitariste
A person concerned with people's welfare; a do-gooder or philanthropist.

humanitarian corridor /-də/ /-ˈkɔ.ɹə.dɚ/ /hjuˌmæ.nəˈtɛ.ɹi.ən ˈkɔ.ɹəˌdɔɹ/ /hjʊˌmæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən ˈkɒ.ɹɪ.dɔː/ /ˌhjuː.mæ.nɪˈtɛː.ɹɪ.ən-/ [-ɛə.ɹi.ən-] humanitarian corridors n
corridor humanitaire couloir humanitaire
A type of temporary demilitarized zone intended to allow the safe transit of humanitarian aid into, and/or refugees out of, a crisis-hit region.

humanitarianism humanitarianisms n
humanitarisme
A humanitarian philosophy or practice.

humanities /hjuˈmæn.ɪ.tiz/ n
sciences humaines
The study of language, literature, the arts, history, and philosophy, sometimes including religion.

humanity /hjuˈmænɪti/ [hjuˈmænɪɾi] humanities n
humanité
Humankind; human beings as a group.
The human condition or nature.
The quality of being benevolent; humane traits of character; humane qualities or aspects.

humanize /ˈhjuː.mə.naɪz/ v
humaniser
(transitive) To make human; to give or cause to have the fundamental properties of a human.

humanly /ˈhjuːmənli/ more humanly most humanly adv
humainement
In a human manner.

humanmade adj
artificiel d'origine humaine
Made by humans.

humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ more humanoid most humanoid adj
humanoïde
Having the appearance or characteristics of a human; being anthropomorphic under some criteria (physical, mental, genetical, ethological, ethical etc.).

humanoid /ˈhjuːmənɔɪd/ humanoids n
humanoïde
A being having the appearance or characteristics of a human.

humation humations n
inhumation
(archaic) burial, internment, inhumation; by association, death

humble /ˈhʌmbl̩/ /ˈʌmbl̩/ humbler humblest more humble most humble adj
humble
Having a low opinion of oneself; not proud, arrogant, or assuming; modest.

humbly /ˈhʌmbli/ more humbly most humbly adv
humblement
In a humble manner.

humdrum /ˈhʌmdɹʌm/ more humdrum most humdrum adj
embétant ennuyeux monotone soporifique
Lacking variety or excitement; dull; boring.

humdrum /ˈhʌmdɹʌm/ humdrums n
traintrain
(uncountable) The quality of lacking variety or excitement.

humeral adj
huméral
Of, pertaining to, or near the humerus or shoulder

humerus /ˈhjuːməɹəs/ /ˈhjuːməɹɪs/ humeri n
humérus
(anatomy) The bone of the upper arm.

humid /ˈhjuːmɪd/ humider humidest adj
humide mouillé
Containing perceptible moisture (usually describing air or atmosphere); damp; moist; somewhat wet or watery.

humidification humidifications n
humidification
The process of increasing the water vapour content of a gas.

humidifier humidifiers n
humidificateur saturateur
A device that is used to increase the humidity of the air.

humidify /hjuːˈmɪdɪfaɪ/ v
humidifier
To increase the humidity in the air.

humidity /hjuˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ /hjuːˈmɪd.ɪ.ti/ /hjʉːˈmɪd.ə.ti/ [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ti] [hjuːˈmɪɾ.ə.ɾi] humidities n
humidité
Dampness, especially that of the air.
The amount of water vapour in the air.

humiliate /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪt/ v
humilier
(transitive) To cause to be ashamed; to injure the dignity and self-respect of.

humiliating /hjuːˈmɪliˌeɪtɪŋ/ more humiliating most humiliating adj
humiliant
Liable to humiliate, degrade, shame or embarrass someone.

humiliation /hjuːˌmɪliˈeɪʃən/ humiliations n
humiliation
The act of humiliating or humbling someone; abasement of pride; mortification.
The state of being humiliated, humbled or reduced to lowliness or submission.

humility /hjuːˈmɪlɪti/ humilities n
humilité
The characteristic of being humble; humbleness in character and behavior.

hummingbird /ˈhʌmɪnˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɜːd/ /ˈhʌmɪŋˌbɝd/ hummingbirds n
colibri oiseau de fleurs oiseau-mouche suce-fleur
Any of various small American birds in the family Trochilidae that have the ability to hover.

hummus /ˈhuːməs/ /ˈhʊməs/ /ˈhʌməs/ hummuses n
houmous
A Levantine Arab dip made of chickpea paste with various additions, such as olive oil, fresh garlic, lemon juice, and tahini, often eaten with pitta bread, or as a meze.

humongous /ˌhjuːˈmɒŋɡəs/ /ˌhjuːˈmʌŋɡəs/ [çu̟ːˈmʊŋɡəs] [ˌçu̟ːˈmɐŋɡəs] more humongous most humongous adj
gigantesque énorme
(informal) Of an extremely large size.

humoresque humoresques n
humoresque
(music) A composition that is playful in attitude and tone.

humorist humorists n
humoriste
A humorous or witty person, especially someone skilled in humorous writing or performance. [from 17th c.]
One who studies or portrays the humours of people.

humorous /ˈhjuːməɹəs/ /ˈhjuːməɹɪs/ more humorous most humorous adj
humoristique amusant
Full of humor or arousing laughter; funny.

humour /ˈhjuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈhjuːmɚ/ /ˈjuːmɚ/ humours n
humeur disposition
(uncountable) A mood, especially a bad mood; a temporary state of mind or disposition brought upon by an event; an abrupt illogical inclination or whim.
humeur
(archaic, or, historical) Any of the fluids in an animal body, especially the four "cardinal humours" of blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm that were believed to control the health and mood of the human body.
humour
(medicine) Either of the two regions of liquid within the eyeball, the aqueous humour and vitreous humour.

humour /ˈhjuː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈhjuːmɚ/ /ˈjuːmɚ/ v
amadouer
(transitive) To pacify by indulging.

hump /hʌmp/ [hɐm̥p] humps n
bosse
A mound of earth.
A deformity in humans caused by abnormal curvature of the upper spine.
(animals) A rounded fleshy mass, such as on a camel or zebu.
sauterie
(slang) An act of sexual intercourse.
cafard
(British, slang, with definite article) A bad mood.

hump /hʌmp/ [hɐm̥p] v
arrondir
(transitive) To bend something into a hump.
trimballer
(transitive, intransitive) To carry (something), especially with some exertion.
baiser sauter
(slang, transitive, intransitive) To have sex (with).

humpback /ˈhʌmpbæk/ humpbacks n
bosse
A humped back (deformity in humans caused by abnormal curvature of the upper spine).
bossu bossue
(derogatory, now, offensive) A person with a humpback; a person who suffers from kyphosis.

humpback whale humpback whales n
baleine à bosse jubarte
A species of baleen whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).

humpbacked adj
bossu
Having a hump on the back, either naturally or due to a medical condition.

humph /h(ə)mf/ [həɱf] [hɱ̩f] [ɱ̊ɱ̩f] interjection
hum
(onomatopoeia) A sound, usually made with a closed mouth pouting, indicating annoyance, indignation, disapproval, doubt, or sighing.

humuhumunukunukuapuaa /ˌhumuˌhumuˌnukuˌnukuˌaːpuˈaʔa/ humuhumunukunukuapuaas n
baliste écharpe
Either of two species, Rhinecanthus aculeatus and Rhinecanthus rectangulus, of triggerfishes native to the reefs of Hawaii.

humus /ˈhjuːməs/ humuses n
humus
A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.

hunch /hʌnt͡ʃ/ /hʌnʃ/ hunches n
bosse
A hump; a protuberance.
intuition pressentiment
A theory, idea, or guess; an intuitive impression that something will happen.

hunch /hʌnt͡ʃ/ /hʌnʃ/ v
se voûter
(transitive) To thrust a hump or protuberance out of (something); to crook, as the back.
(transitive) To push or jostle with the elbow; to push or thrust against (someone).

hunchback /ˈhʌnt͡ʃbæk/ hunchbacks n
bossu bossue
(derogatory) A person with kyphosis, a spinal deformity that causes a hunched over appearance.

hundred /ˈhʌndɚd/ /ˈhʌndɹəd/ /ˈhʌndɹɪd/ /ˈhʌnd͡ʒɚd/ hundreds numeral
cent
A numerical value equal to 100 (102), occurring after ninety-nine.

hundred thousand numeral
cent-mille
The cardinal number 100,000.

hundred twenty-eighth note hundred twenty-eighth notes n
quintuple croche
(music) A note played for ​1⁄128 of the duration of a whole note.

hundred-first adj
cent unième cent-et-unième
The ordinal form of the number hundred one.

hundred-first hundred-firsts n
cent unième
The person or thing in the hundred-first position.
One of a hundred one equal parts of a whole.

hundredfold adj
cent fois centuple
Multiplied by a hundred.

hundredfold adv
une centaine de fois
By a factor of one hundred.

hundredfold v
centupler
(rare) To increase to one hundred times as much; to multiply by a hundred.

hundredth /ˈhʌndɹədθ/ adj
centième
The ordinal form of the number one hundred.

hundredth /ˈhʌndɹədθ/ hundredths n
centième
The person or thing in the hundredth position.
One of a hundred equal parts of a whole.

hundredweight hundredweight hundredweights n
quintal
(historical) Various units of ancient measurement systems consisting of 100 units usually translated as "pounds".

hung more hung most hung adj
pendu
Suspended by hanging.
divisé
(law) Of a jury, unable to reach a unanimous verdict in a trial.
Of a legislature, lacking a majority political party.
lent mou
(computing, colloquial) Of a computer or similar device, receiving power but not functioning as desired; working very slowly or not at all. The condition is often corrected by rebooting the computer.
bien membré bien monté burné
(colloquial, of a person, slightly, _, vulgar) Having a large penis (often preceded by an adverb, e.g. well hung).

hung like a donkey adj
monté comme un âne

hung like a horse adj
monté comme un âne
(simile, colloquial, vulgar, usually of a man) Having a large penis.

hung over more hung over most hung over adj
qui a la gueule de bois
Suffering from a hangover

hung parliament /hʌŋ ˈpɑɹləmənt/ /hʌŋ ˈpɑːləmənt/ hung parliaments n
parlement minoritaire
(government, politics) A parliament in which no single political party has an outright majority.

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ hungers n
faim
A need or compelling desire for food.
soif faim
(by extension) Any strong desire.

hunger /ˈhʌŋɡə/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ/ v
avoir faim
(intransitive) To be in need of food.
avoir soif
(figuratively, intransitive, usually, _, with 'for' or 'after') To have a desire (for); to long; to yearn.

hunger stone /ˈhʌŋɡə ˌstəʊn/ /ˈhʌŋɡɚ ˌstoʊn/ hunger stones n
pierre de la faim
A stone, either naturally exposed or intentionally embedded in a river during a drought, which is dated and often inscribed to mark the water level as a warning to future generations that they may face famine if the water reaches that low level again. Such stones are common in Central Europe.

hunger strike hunger strikes n
grève de la faim
A fast undertaken as a means of protest, often by a prisoner.

hungover /hʌŋˈoʊvɚ/ /hʌŋˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈhʌŋˌəʊ.və(ɹ)/ more hungover most hungover adj
avoir la gueule de bois avoir mal aux cheveux
Suffering from a hangover.

hungrily more hungrily most hungrily adv
avidement voracement
In a hungry way or manner; with hunger.

hungry /ˈhʌŋ.ɡɹi/ hungrier hungriest adj
affamé avoir faim
Affected by hunger; having the physical need for food.

hunk /hʌŋk/ hunks n
bellâtre
(informal) An attractive man, especially one who is muscular.

hunker /ˈhʌŋkə/ /ˈhʌŋkɚ/ v
accroupir
(intransitive) To crouch or squat close to the ground or lie down

hunker down v
se retrancher
(idiomatic) To take shelter; to prepare oneself for some eventuality; to focus on a task.

hunt /hʌnt/ hunts n
chasse
The act of hunting.

hunt /hʌnt/ v
chercher
(ambitransitive) To try to find something; search (for).
chasser
(transitive) To drive; to chase; with down, from, away, etc.

hunter /ˈhʌntɚ/ [ˈhʌɾ̃ɚ] hunters huntress n
chasseur chercheur chercheuse
One who hunts game for sport or for food; a huntsman or huntswoman.
chien de chasse
A dog used in hunting.
cheval de chasse
A horse used in hunting, especially a thoroughbred, bred and trained for hunting.

hunter-gatherer hunter-gatherers n
chasseur-cueilleur
A member of a group of people who live by hunting animals and gathering edible plants for their main food sources, and who do not keep animals or farm land.

hunting /ˈhʌntɪŋ/ huntings n
chasse vènerie
The act of finding and killing a wild animal, either for sport or with the intention of using its parts to make food, clothes, etc.
chasse
Looking for something, especially for a job or flat.

hunting dog hunting dogs n
chien de chasse

hunting ground hunting grounds n
terrain de chasse
An area used for hunting.

hunting horn hunting horns n
trompe de chasse cor de chasse huchet
(music) A bugle, being either simply curved (especially in heraldry), or having from one (in e.g. some Roman horns) to three (in many modern musical horns) spirals, on which signals are blown during a hunt.

hunting knife hunting knives n
couteau de chasse
A knife optimized for use in hunting animals, usually with a substantial belly and sometimes with a back edge that is partially serrated#Adjective for sawing#Noun; fixed-blade and folding versions are both popular, and tasks such as field dressing, skinning#Noun, and bushcraft are anticipated.

hunting whip hunting whips n
le fouet de chasse
A whip with a hooked horn handle (that can be used for opening gates), a short shaft or stock, and a long leather thong with a silk or cord lash.

huntress /ˈhʌntɹɪs/ hunter huntresses n
chasseuse chasseresse
(dated) A female hunter.

hurdle /ˈhɜːdl̩/ /ˈhɝd(ə)l/ hurdles n
haie obstacle
(athletics, horses) An artificial barrier, variously constructed, over which athletes or horses jump in a race.
obstacle barrière
(figuratively) An obstacle, real or perceived, physical or abstract.
claie
A movable frame of wattled twigs, osiers, or withes and stakes, or sometimes of iron, used for enclosing land, for folding sheep and cattle, for gates, etc.; also, in fortification, used as revetments, and for other purposes.

hurdy-gurdy /ˈhɜː.diˌɡɜː.di/ /ˈhɝː.diˌɡɝː.di/ /ˌhɜː.diˈɡɜː.di/ /ˌhɝː.diˈɡɝː.di/ hurdy-gurdies n
vielle à roue
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument that produces a droning sound by turning a handle that connects to a wheel that rubs against a rosined string, with a keyboard also used to alter the pitch of the string.

hurl /hɜːl/ /hɝl/ v
projeter
(transitive) To throw (something) with force.
débecqueter débecter
(intransitive, slang) To vomit.

hurrah /həˈɹɑː/ interjection
hourra
Expressing approval, appreciation, or happiness.

hurrah /həˈɹɑː/ hurrahs n
hourra
A cheer; a cry of hurrah!.

hurricane /ˈhɝɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkeɪn/ /ˈhʌɹɪkən/ hurricanes n
ouragan
A severe tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, or in the eastern North Pacific off the west coast of Mexico, with winds of 119 km/h (74 miles per hour) or greater accompanied by rain, lightning, and thunder that sometimes moves into temperate latitudes.
(meteorology) A wind scale for quite strong wind, stronger than a storm.

hurriedly /ˈhɝɪdli/ /ˈhʌɹɪdli/ more hurriedly most hurriedly adv
à la hâte à la sauvette à la va-vite
In a hurried manner.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ hurries n
hâte précipitation
Rushed action.

hurry /ˈhɝ.i/ /ˈhʌɹ.i/ v
dépêcher hâter
(intransitive) To do things quickly.

hurry up v
se dépêcher
(emphatic, ambitransitive) To hurry; to increase the speed of doing something.

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ more hurt most hurt adj
blessé
Wounded, physically injured.

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ hurts n
heurte
(heraldiccharge) A roundel azure (blue circular spot).

hurt /hɜːt/ /hɝt/ v
blesser
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
blesser faire mal
(transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
faire mal avoir mal
(intransitive, stative) To be painful.

hurt a fly v
ne pas faire de mal à une mouche
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative, chiefly with a conditional) To hurt or damage something even a little.

hurt someone's feelings v
blesser vexer
(idiomatic) To offend or emotionally hurt someone.

hurtful more hurtful most hurtful adj
blessant
Tending to hurt someone's feelings; insulting.

hurtle /ˈhɜɹt(ə)l/ /ˈhɜːtl̩/ [-ɾ(ə)l] v
foncer élancer
To cause (someone or something) to collide with or hit another person or thing; or (two people or things) to collide with or hit each other.

husband /ˈhʌz.bənd/ husbands n
mari époux
A man in a marriage or marital relationship, especially in relation to his spouse.

husband /ˈhʌz.bənd/ v
ménager
(transitive) To conserve.

husband and wife husbands and wives n
mari et femme
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see husband,‎ and,‎ wife. (This entry is a translation hub.)

husband stitch husband stitches n
point du mari
An extra stitch made by a doctor after an episiotomy in order to make the opening of the vagina smaller, supposedly to increase the pleasure of a male partner during sex.

husbandry /ˈhəz-/ /ˈhʌzb(ə)ndɹi/ husbandries n
agriculture
The occupation or work of a husbandman or farmer; the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock; agriculture.

hush /hʊʃ/ /hʌʃ/ n
silence
A silence, especially after some noise

hush money n
bakchich pot-de-vin
A bribe to maintain secrecy (to prevent bad publicity or to prevent the discovery of a crime).

husk /hʌsk/ husks n
écale
The dry, leafy or stringy exterior of certain vegetables or fruits, which must be removed before eating the meat inside.

husky /ˈhʌs.ki/ huskier huskiest adj
rauque enroué
(of a voice) Hoarse and rough-sounding.

husky /ˈhʌs.ki/ huskies n
husky
Any of several breeds of dogs used as sled dogs.

hussar /ˈhʌsə(ɹ)/ hussars n
hussard
A member of the light cavalry of any of several European armies.

hussy /ˈhʌsi/ /ˈhʌzi/ hussies n
traînée
A sexually immoral woman.
pimbêche pécore
A cheeky or disrespectful girl; a woman showing inappropriate or improper behavior.

hustle /ˈhʌsəl/ hustles n
bousculade
A scam or swindle.

hustle /ˈhʌsəl/ v
bousculer
(intransitive) To rush or hurry.

hustle and bustle n
animation bruit rumeur tourbillon [[d']]activité vacarme
A large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding.

hustler /ˈhʌsləɹ/ hustlers n
mac
A pimp.
giton
A male prostitute who sells his services to men.

hut /hʊt/ /hʌt/ huts n
hutte
A small, simple one-storey dwelling or shelter, often with just one room, and generally built of readily available local materials.
A small wooden shed.

hutch /hʌt͡ʃ/ hutches n
clapier
A coop or cage for keeping small animals (rabbits, guinea pigs, dogs, etc).

hutong /-tʊŋ/ /ˈhuˈtɑŋ/ /ˈhuːtɒŋ/ hutong hutongs n
hutong
A narrow alley or street in a traditional residential district of a city in China, especially Beijing. [from 19th c.]

hutter hutters n
huttier
someone who lives in a hut

hyacinth /ˈhaɪəsɪnθ/ hyacinths n
jacinthe hyacinthe
Any bulbous plant of the genus Hyacinthus, native to the Mediterranean and South Africa.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ more hybrid most hybrid adj
hybride
Consisting of diverse components.

hybrid /ˈhaɪ.bɹɪd/ hybrids n
hybride
(biology) Offspring resulting from cross-breeding different entities, e.g. two different species or two purebred parent strains.
(linguistics) A word whose elements are derived from different languages.
Something of mixed origin or composition; often, a tool or technology that combines the benefits of formerly separate tools or technologies.

hybrid car /ˈhaibɹidkɑː/ hybrid cars n
voiture hybride
An automobile powered by both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor.

hybrid warfare n
guerre hybride
a military strategy that blends conventional warfare and irregular warfare across the full spectrum of conflict.

hybridization /haɪ.bɹɪd.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ hybridizations n
hybridation
The act of hybridizing, or the state of being hybridized.

hydathode hydathodes n
hydathode
(botany) A tissue, in the leaves of many plants, that contains microscopic pores through which water is excreted.

hydra /ˈhaɪdɹə/ hydrae hydras hydræ n
hydre
Any of several small freshwater polyps of the genus Hydra and related genera, having a naked cylindrical body and an oral opening surrounded by tentacles.

hydrangea /haɪˈdɹeɪn.d͡ʒi.ə/ /haɪˈdɹeɪn.d͡ʒə/ hydrangeas n
hortensia
Any of several shrubs, of the genus Hydrangea, having large clusters of white, pink or blue flowers

hydrargyrum /haɪˈdɹɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪɹəm/ n
hydrargyre
(chemistry, medicine) Mercury (chemical element)

hydrate /ˈhaɪdɹeɪt/ hydrates n
hydrate
(chemistry) A solid compound containing or linked to water molecules.

hydration /haɪˈdɹeɪʃən/ hydrations n
hydratation

hydrator hydrators n
hydrateur
Something that hydrates.

hydraulic /haɪˈdɹɒlɪk/ /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪk/ adj
hydraulique
Pertaining to water. [from early 17th c.]
Related to, or operated by, hydraulics.

hydraulic engineering n
génie hydraulique
A sub-discipline of civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of fluids, principally water and sewage.

hydraulic fracturing n
fracking fracturation hydraulique hydrofracturation
(oil drilling) A technique in which a mixture of water and sand is forced down an oil well (or similar) in order to create fractures in the oil-bearing rock and thus release more oil.

hydraulically adv
hydrauliquement
Using hydraulics.

hydraulics /haɪˈdɹɒlɪks/ /haɪˈdɹɔːlɪks/ n
hydraulique
The engineering science that deals with practical applications where liquid is in motion and transmits energy.

hydrazide hydrazides n
hydrazide
(chemistry) any compound derived from an oxoacid by replacing the hydroxide group with -NHNH2 or derived forms -NRNR2

hydrazoic adj
azothydrique

hydride hydrides n
hydrure
(inorganic chemistry) A compound of hydrogen with a more electropositive element.

hydro- /haɪdɹoʊ-/ prefix
hydro-
water

hydrobiology n
hydrobiologie
(biology) The study of the biology of the organisms that inhabit bodies of water.

hydrocarbon hydrocarbons n
hydrocarbure
(organic compound) A compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

hydrocephalus hydrocephali hydrocephaluses n
hydrocéphalie
(medicine) A usually congenital condition in which an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the cerebral ventricles causes enlargement of the skull and compression of the brain, destroying much of the neural tissue

hydrochemistry n
hydrochimie
That part of hydrology that deals with the chemical characteristics of bodies of water

hydrochloric adj
chlorhydrique
(chemistry) Of or relating to hydrochloric acid.

hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acids n
acide chlorhydrique acide muriatique
(inorganic compound) A strong acid made by dissolving the gas hydrogen chloride in water. It reacts with alkalis, bases and many metals to form chlorides; it has many industrial applications.

hydrochloride hydrochlorides n
chlorhydrate
(chemistry) A compound of hydrochloric acid with an organic base such as an amine

hydrocyanic adj
cyanhydrique
Of or pertaining to hydrocyanic acid or its compounds

hydrocyanic acid hydrocyanic acids n
acide cyanhydrique acide prussique

hydroelectric adj
hydro-électrique hydroélectrique
that generates electricity by converting the energy of moving water, or of steam escaping under high pressure
hydro-électrique
of or relating to the electricity so produced

hydroelectric dam hydroelectric dams n
barrage hydroélectrique
A dam containing hydroelectric generators.

hydrofluoric adj
fluorhydrique
(chemistry) Containing hydrogen and fluorine.

hydrofoil /ˈhaɪ.dɹoʊˌfɔɪl/ /ˈhɑe.dɹəˌfoɪl/ v
hydroptère plan porteur
(nautical, intransitive) To operate or use or ride atop a hydrofoil wing on a hull so equipped.

hydrogamy n
hydrogamie
(botany) pollination by means of water

hydrogen /ˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n/ /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒən/ [ˈhaɪd͡ʒɹəd͡ʒən] hydrogens n
hydrogène
The lightest chemical element (symbol H), with an atomic number of 1 and atomic weight of 1.00794.
A molecule of this molecular species

hydrogen bomb hydrogen bombs n
bombe à hydrogène
A thermonuclear bomb that derives its destructive power from the fusion of isotopes of hydrogen (deuterium and tritium).

hydrogen chloride n
chlorure d'hydrogène
(inorganic compound) An inorganic compound with the formula HCl. Forms hydrochloric acid when dissolved in water.

hydrogen cyanide n
cyanure d'hydrogène

hydrogen peroxide n
eau oxygénée peroxyde d'hydrogène
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H2O2, soluble in water, used as a mild antiseptic, bleaching agent (especially for bleaching hair), oxidizing agent and chemical reagent.

hydrogen sulfide /ˈhaɪdɹədʒ(ə)n ˈsʌlfaɪd/ /ˈhaɪdɹədʒən ˈsʌlfaɪd/ n
hydrogène sulfuré sulfure d'hydrogène
(inorganic compound) A toxic gas, H2S, smelling like rotten eggs and used in analytical chemistry and industry.

hydrogen vehicle hydrogen vehicles n
moteur à hydrogène
Any vehicle that uses hydrogen as its principal fuel, normally via the electricity produced by a fuel cell.

hydrogenase hydrogenases n
hydrogénase

hydrogenate /haɪˈdɹɑd͡ʒəneɪt/ /haɪˈdɹɒdʒəneɪt/ /ˈhaɪdɹədʒəneɪt/ /ˈhaɪdɹəd͡ʒəneɪt/ v
hydrogéner
(chemistry, transitive) to treat something, or react something, with hydrogen; especially to react an unsaturated fat with hydrogen, in the presence of a nickel catalyst, to produce a harder saturated fat

hydrogenated more hydrogenated most hydrogenated adj
hydrogéné
that has been treated, or reacted with hydrogen; especially describing a saturated fat so obtained from an unsaturated fat

hydrogenation hydrogenations n
hydrogénation
(chemistry) The chemical reaction of hydrogen with another substance, especially with an unsaturated organic compound, and usually under the influence of temperature, pressure and catalysts.

hydrogenous /haɪˈdɹɑd͡ʒənəs/ /haɪˈdɹɒdʒənəs/ adj
hydrogénique
of, related to, or containing hydrogen

hydrogeochemistry n
hydrogéochimie

hydrogeology hydrogeologies n
hydrogéologie
The geology of groundwater, especially concerning the physical, biological and chemical properties of its occurrence and movement.

hydrographic more hydrographic most hydrographic adj
hydrographique
Of or pertaining to hydrography.

hydrography /haɪˈdɹɑɡ.ɹə.fi/ /haɪˈdɹɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ hydrographies n
hydrographie
(nautical) The scientific measurement and description of the physical features and conditions of navigable waters and the shoreline.

hydrokinesis n
hydrokinésie
(science fiction) The psychic ability to manipulate or control water

hydrological adj
hydrologique
Of or pertaining to hydrology.

hydrologist /haɪˈdɹɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ hydrologists n
hydrogiste
Someone who is skilled in or practises hydrology.

hydrology hydrologies n
hydrologie
The science of the properties, distribution, and effects of water on a planet's surface, in the soil and underlying rocks, and in the atmosphere

hydrolysis /haɪˈdɹɑləsəs/ /haɪˈdɹɒlɪsɪs/ hydrolyses n
hydrolyse
(chemistry) A chemical process of decomposition involving the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion of water.

hydrolyze v
hydrolyser
(chemistry, transitive) To subject to hydrolysis.

hydromancy hydromancies n
hydromancie
Divination by water or other liquid.

hydrometallurgical adj
hydrométallurgique
Of or pertaining to hydrometallurgy

hydrometric adj
hydrométrique
concerning or applying hydrometry

hydronym /ˈhaɪdɹənɪm/ /ˈhʌɪdɹənɪm/ hydronyms n
hydronyme
(onomastics) The name of a river, lake, sea or any other body of water.

hydropathic more hydropathic most hydropathic adj
hydropathe
Relating to hydropathy

hydrophilic more hydrophilic most hydrophilic adj
hydrophile
(physics, chemistry) Having an affinity for water; able to absorb, or be wetted by water; water-loving.

hydrophobic /haɪdɹəˈfəʊbɪk/ more hydrophobic most hydrophobic adj
hydrophobe
Of, or having, hydrophobia (rabies).
(physics, chemistry) Lacking an affinity for water; unable to absorb or to be wetted by water.

hydrophyte /ˈhaɪdɹəfaɪt/ hydrophytes n
hydrophyte
(botany) A plant that lives in or requires an abundance of water, usually excluding seaweed.

hydroponics /ˌhaɪdɹə(ʊ)ˈpɒnɪks/ /ˌhaɪdɹəˈpɑnɪks/ n
hydroponie
The cultivation of plants in a nutrient solution rather than in the soil. [from 1937]

hydroscience hydrosciences n
hydroscience

hydrosol hydrosols n
hydrosol
A sol (colloid) in which the continuous phase (dispersing medium) is water

hydrosphere hydrospheres n
hydrosphère
All the liquid waters of the Earth, as distinguished from the land and the gases of the atmosphere.

hydrostatic equilibrium hydrostatic equilibria n
équilibre hydrostatique
(astronomy) The state in which a sufficiently massive or warm solid body has relaxed under its own gravity into the plastic shape that it would have if it were liquid, apart possibly from rigid features in the crust.

hydrotaxis n
hydrotaxie hydrotropisme
(biology) movement (of an organism or organ) in response to water

hydrotherapy hydrotherapies n
hydrothérapie
(alternative medicine) Any of various techniques that use water, either externally or internally, for the treatment of disease and for the soothing of pain.

hydrotropism hydrotropisms n
hydrotaxie hydrotropisme
(biology) The movement of a plant (or other organism) in response to water, either towards or away from water.

hydroxide /haɪ.ˈdɹɒks.aɪd/ hydroxides n
hydroxyde
(chemistry) An univalent anion (OH-) based on the hydroxyl functional group.

hydroxychloroquine /haɪˌdɹɑk.siˈklɔɹ.ə.kwin/ /haɪˌdɹɑk.siˈklɔɹ.ə.kwɪn/ /hʌɪˌdɹɒk.sɪˈklɔː.ɹə(ʊ).kwiːn/ /hʌɪˌdɹɒk.sɪˈklɔː.ɹə(ʊ).kwɪn/ n
hydroxychloroquine
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug derived from quinolone that is taken orally in the form of its sulfate C18H26ClN3O·H2SO4 to treat malaria, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus erythematosus.

hydroxyl hydroxyls n
hydroxyle
(chemistry) A univalent radical or functional group (–OH) in organic chemistry; present in alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids and certain other classes of compounds.

hyena /haɪˈiːnə/ hyena hyenae hyenas n
hyène
Any of the medium-sized to large feliform carnivores of the subfamily Hyaenidae, native to Africa and Asia and noted for the sound similar to laughter which they can make if excited.
(Sub-Saharan Africa) A man that performs ritualized sex acts with recently widowed women and menarchal girls.

hygiene /haɪˈd͡ʒiːn/ /ˈhaɪˌd͡ʒiːn/ hygienes n
hygiène
Those conditions and practices that promote and preserve health.

hygienic /haɪˈd͡ʒiːnɪk/ /haɪˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ /hʌɪd͡ʒɪˈɛnɪk/ more hygienic most hygienic adj
hygiénique
Pertaining to hygiene; clean, sanitary.

hygienically more hygienically most hygienically adv
hygiéniquement
In a hygienic manner.

hygric /ˈhaɪɡɹɪk/ adj
hygrique

hygro- prefix
hygro-
moisture
humidity

hygrometer hygrometers n
hygromètre
(meteorology) An instrument that measures the humidity of the air or other gases, especially the relative humidity.

hygrometric adj
hygrométrique

hygrophanous more hygrophanous most hygrophanous adj
hygrophane

hygroscope hygroscopes n
hygroscope
An instrument that indicates changes in atmospheric humidity

hygroscopic more hygroscopic most hygroscopic adj
hygroscopique
(physics, chemistry, botany) Readily taking up and retaining water, especially from the atmosphere.

hygroscopically more hygroscopically most hygroscopically adv
hygroscopiquement
In a hygroscopic way.

hygroscopicity hygroscopicities n
hygroscopicité
(uncountable) The state of being hygroscopic.
(countable) The degree to which a substance is hygroscopic.

hygroscopy n
hygroscopie hygroscopique
The ability of a substance to attract and hold water molecules from the surrounding environment.

hylomorphism hylomorphisms n
hylémorphisme
(philosophy) The doctrine that every physical substance is the sum of its component matter and the form taken by that matter.

hylozoism hylozoisms n
hylozoïsme
A philosophical doctrine espousing that all or some material things possess life, or that all life is inseparable from matter.

hymen /ˈhaɪmən/ hymens n
hymen
(anatomy) A membrane which completely or partially occludes the vaginal opening in human females.

hymeneal /hʌɪməˈniːəl/ more hymeneal most hymeneal adj
hyménéen
Pertaining to marriage.
hyménal hyménéal
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the hymen.

hymenium hymenia hymeniums n
hyménium
(mycology) The sporebearing surface of a fungus.

hymenography n
hyménographie

hymenophore hymenophores n
hyménophore
(mycology) The part of a fungus fruiting body which produces spore-bearing cells.

hymenoplasty hymenoplasties n
hyménoplastie

hymn /hɪm/ hymns n
hymne
A song of praise or worship, especially a religious one.

hymnal /ˈhɪmnəl/ hymnals n
cantionnaire
A collection of hymns; a hymn book.

hymnic /ˈhɪmnɪk/ adj
hymnique
Of or relating to hymns.

hyoid bone hyoid bones n
os hyoïde os lingual

hypallage /hɪˈpælədʒi/ /hʌɪˈpælədʒi/ hypallages n
hypallage
(rhetoric, grammar) A construction in which a modifier with meaning associated with one word appears grammatically applied to another, often used as a literary device.

hypanthium hypanthia n
hypanthe
(botany) The bowl-shaped part of a flower on which the sepals, petals, and stamens are borne

hype /haɪp/ hypes n
battage médiatique matraquage publicitaire promotion propagande
(marketing) Promotion or propaganda; especially exaggerated claims.

hype /haɪp/ v
promouvoir
(transitive) To promote heavily; to advertise or build up.

hyper- /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)/ /ˈhaɪpɚ/ prefix
hyper-

hyperactive /ˈhaɪp.ə(ɹ)ˌæk.tɪv/ more hyperactive most hyperactive adj
hyperactif
having an increased state of activity

hyperactivity hyperactivities n
hyperactivité
The quality of being hyperactive; excessive and pathological movement and restlessness

hyperacusis /ˌhaɪ.pəɹ.əˈkjuː.sɪs/ n
hyperacousie
(symptom) A heightened sensitivity to some sounds, especially extremely loud noises.

hyperandrogenism /haɪpəɹanˈdɹɒdʒənɪzəm/ hyperandrogenisms n
hyperandrogénisme

hyperarid adj
hyperaride
(climatology) Very arid, with an aridity index of less than 0.05.

hyperbaric adj
hyperbare
Of, relating to, or utilizing greater than normal pressure (as of oxygen).

hyperbaric chamber hyperbaric chambers n
caisson hyperbare
A vessel containing air at an elevated pressure, especially one used to administer oxygen to a patient

hyperbaton /haɪˈpɜːbətɒn/ hyperbata hyperbatons n
hyperbate
(grammar) An inversion of the usual or logical order of words or phrases, for emphasis or poetic effect.

hyperbola /haɪˈpɚ.bə.lə/ hyperbolae hyperbolas hyperbolæ n
hyperbole
(geometry) A conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane that intersects the base of the cone and is not tangent to the cone. The function y(x) = 1/x draws a hyperbola.

hyperbole /haɪˈpɜːbəli/ /haɪˈpɝbəli/ hyperboles n
hyperbole
(uncountable, rhetoric, literature) Deliberate or unintentional overstatement, particularly extreme overstatement.

hyperbolic /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈbɔl.ɪk/ adj
hyperbolique
Using hyperbole: exaggerated.
(topology) Of, pertaining to, or in a hyperbolic space (a space having negative curvature or sectional curvature).

hyperbolic cosine hyperbolic cosines n
cosinus hyperbolique
(mathematics) a hyperbolic function that is written in symbol cosh and defined as the following: \cosh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x + e^{-x})

hyperbolic sine hyperbolic sines n
sinus hyperbolique
(mathematics) A hyperbolic function that is the analogue of the sine function for hyperbolic spaces, taking in a hyperbolic angle as an argument and returning the y-coordinate for the corresponding point on the unit hyperbola. It is written in symbol sinh and can be represented as: \sinh(x) = \tfrac 1 2 (e^x - e^{-x})

hyperborean /hʌɪ.pəˈbɔː.ɹɪən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈboɹ.i.jɪn/ more hyperborean most hyperborean adj
hyperboréen
Pertaining to the extreme north of the earth, or (usually jocular) to a specific northern country or area.

hyperborean /hʌɪ.pəˈbɔː.ɹɪən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈboɹ.i.jɪn/ hyperboreans n
Hyperboréen
(Greek mythology, usually capitalised) One of a race of people living in the extreme north, beyond the north wind.

hypercapnia hypercapnias n
hypercapnie
(medicine, pathology) The condition of abnormally elevated carbon dioxide in the blood.

hypercatalectic adj
hypercatalectique
(poetry) Which has an extra syllable added to the last dipody (foot of a verse).

hyperchromophilic adj
hyperchromophile

hypercomplex adj
hypercomplexe

hyperconnected adj
hyperconnecté
Making intense use of telecommunications networks.

hypercorrection /ˌhaɪ.pə.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.kəˈɹɛk.ʃən/ hypercorrections n
hypercorrection fausse régression
(linguistics) Nonstandard language use that results from the over-application of a perceived prescriptive rule.

hyperdeveloped more hyperdeveloped most hyperdeveloped adj
hyperdéveloppé
Developed to a very high degree.

hyperdominant adj
hyperdominant

hyperesthesia hyperesthesias n
hyperesthésie
Unusual or pathological sensitivity of the skin or of a particular sense.

hyperfixation hyperfixations n
hyperfixation

hypergamy /haɪˈpɚɡəmi/ hypergamies n
hypergamie
Act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status or caste status than oneself.

hypergeometric distribution hypergeometric distributions n
loi hypergéométrique
(probability theory, statistics) A discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of k "successes" in a sequence of n draws without replacement from a finite population.

hyperglycemia hyperglycemias n
hyperglycémie
(pathology) An unusually high concentration of sugar in the blood

hyperglycemic /ˌhaɪpə(ɹ)ɡlaɪˈsiːmɪk/ /ˌhaɪpə(ɹ)ɡlaɪˈsɛmɪk/ more hyperglycemic most hyperglycemic adj
hyperglycémiant

hyperhidrosis [haɪpəɹhaɪˈdɹoʊsɪs] hyperhidroses n
hyperhidrose
(pathology) A medical condition with the primary symptom of excessive sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.

hyperinflation hyperinflations n
hyperinflation
(economics) A very high rate of inflation.

hyperkalemia hyperkalemias n
hyperkaliémie
(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high concentration of potassium ions in the blood (above the reference range).

hyperkinesis /ˌhaɪpə(ɹ)kɪˈniːsɪs/ hyperkineses n
hyperkinésie trouble hyperkinétique
(pathology) A condition especially of childhood characterized by hyperactivity.

hyperkinetic adj
hyperkinétique
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) Of, relating to, or affected with hyperkinesis or hyperactivity.

hyperkinetic disorder n
hyperkinésie trouble hyperkinétique
(neurology, pathology, psychiatry, psychology) A developmental disorder in which a person has a persistent and pervasive pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

hyperlexia n
hyperlexie
(neuropsychology) The precocious ability to read single words at a very early age.

hyperlexic more hyperlexic most hyperlexic adj
hyperlexique

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ hyperlinks n
hyperlien hypertexte lien
Some text or a graphic in an electronic document that can be activated to display another document or trigger an action.
(by extension) The URL or other address that defines a hyperlink's target or function.

hyperlink /ˈhaɪpə(ɹ)ˌlɪŋk/ v
contenir un lien (vers) hyperlier lier pointer
(of a hypertext document) To point to another document by a hyperlink.
ajouter un lien (vers) hyperlier lier
To use a hyperlink to jump to a document.

hypermarket hypermarkets n
hypermarché
A combination of department store and supermarket.

hypermasculinity hypermasculinities n
hyper-masculinité

hypermedia n
hypermédia
(computing) The use of text, data, graphics, audio and video as elements of an extended hypertext system in which all elements are linked so that the user can move among them at will.

hypermetric adj
hypermètre
Having or relating to any syllables that are in a line beyond what the meter calls for.

hypernatremia /ˌhaɪ.pə.nəˈtɹiː.mi.ə/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.nəˈtɹi.mi.ə/ hypernatremias n
hypernatrémie
(medicine) An abnormally high concentration of sodium in blood plasma.

hypernatremic /ˌhaɪ.pə.nəˈtɹiː.mɪk/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.nəˈtɹi.mɪk/ more hypernatremic most hypernatremic adj
hypernatrémique
(medicine) Having an abnormally high concentration of sodium (or salt) in blood plasma.

hypernova hypernovae hypernovas n
hypernova
(astronomy) The gravitational collapse of a massive star to form a black hole.

hypernucleus hypernuclei n
hypernoyau
(physics) a nucleus that consists of protons, neutrons and at least one hyperon, such as a lambda baryon

hypernym /ˈhaɪpənɪm/ /ˈhaɪpɚnɪm/ hypernyms n
hyperonyme
(semantics) A superordinate word or phrase; a term whose referents form a set which includes as a subset the referents of a subordinate term—as, for example, insect being (a hypernym) for ant.

hypernymic adj
hyperonymique

hypernymy hypernymies n
hyperonymie

hyperon /ˈhaɪpəɹɒn/ hyperons n
hypéron
(physics) Any baryon (a three-quark particle) with a non-zero strangeness (i.e., whose composition includes one or more strange or anti-strange quarks).

hyperparameter hyperparameters n
hyperparamètre
(Bayesian, _, statistics) A parameter of a prior (as distinguished from inferred parameters of the model for the underlying system under analysis).

hyperphenylalaninemia hyperphenylalaninemias n
hyperphénylalaninémie
The presence of excessive phenylalanine in the blood.

hyperplane hyperplanes n
hyperplan
(geometry) An n-dimensional generalization of a plane; an affine subspace of dimension n − 1 that splits an n-dimensional space. (In a one-dimensional space, it is a point; in two-dimensional space it is a line; in three-dimensional space, it is an ordinary plane.)

hyperpower hyperpowers n
hyperpuissance
(international relations) An international hegemon, more powerful than a superpower.

hypersalivation hypersalivations n
hypersialorrhée
(medicine) An excessive flow of saliva

hypersecretion hypersecretions n
hypersécrétion
(endocrinology) Excessive secretion

hypersensitive more hypersensitive most hypersensitive adj
hypersensible
Excessively sensitive; easily offended.

hypersensitivity hypersensitivities n
hypersensibilité
Any heightened immune response to an antigen; an allergy; hypersensation.

hypersexuality hypersexualities n
hypersexualité
Excessive desire for sexual activity, especially when considered high enough to be clinically significant.

hypersexualize v
hypersexualiser

hypersexualized v
hypersexualisé
Excessively sexualized

hypersoft hypersofts n
hypertendre
(motorsports) Ellipsis of hypersoft tyre.

hypersomnia hypersomnias n
hypersomnie
(medicine, pathology) Excessive sleepiness.

hypersonic more hypersonic most hypersonic adj
hypersonique
(of a speed, aviation) Equal to, or greater than, or capable of achieving, five times the speed of sound.

hyperspace hyperspaces n
hyperespace
(mathematics) A Euclidian space of unspecified dimension.
(science fiction) A notional space orthogonal to the usual dimensions of space-time often used for faster-than-light travel.

hypersphere hyperspheres n
hypersphère
(geometry) The set of all points in a given hyperspace that are at a given distance from a given point; a generalization of a sphere in four or more dimensions.

hyperstatic adj
hyperstatique
(physics) statically indeterminate

hyperstaticity n
hyperstatisme
(physics) The condition of being hyperstatic

hypertension /ˌhaɪ.pə(ɹ)ˈtɛn.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚˈtɛn.ʃən/ hypertensions n
hypertension
(medicine, cardiology) The disease or disorder of abnormally high blood pressure.

hypertensive adj
hypertenseur hypertensif
Of, pertaining to, or causing hypertension.

hypertensive hypertensives n
hypertendu

hypertext /ˈhaɪpəɹˌtɛkst/ hypertexts n
hypertexte
(uncountable) Digital text in which the reader may navigate related information through embedded hyperlinks.
hypertexte document
(countable) A hypertext document.

hypertextual more hypertextual most hypertextual adj
hypertextuel
Of or relating to hypertext.

hyperthermia /ˌhaɪpə(ɹ)ˈθɜː(ɹ)miə/ hyperthermias n
hyperthermie
(medicine) The therapeutic application of heat to a patient, especially as treatment to cancer.

hyperthermophile hyperthermophiles n
hyperthermophile

hyperthymesia /-ʒə/ /ˌhaɪ.pə.θaɪˈmiː.zi.ə/ /ˌhaɪ.pɚ.θaɪˈmi.ʒə/ n
hyperthymésie
(neuroscience) A rare condition in which an individual possesses a superior autobiographical memory and is able to recall the vast majority of personal events and experiences in life.

hyperthyroidism /ˌhaɪ̯pəˈθaɪ̯ɹɔɪ̯ˌdɪzəm/ hyperthyroidisms n
hyperthyroïdie
(pathology) The pathological condition resulting from these excess hormones.

hypertrophic /hʌɪpəˈtɹɒfɪk/ more hypertrophic most hypertrophic adj
hypertrophique
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting hypertrophy.

hypertrophic osteoarthropathy n
ostéoarthropathie hypertrophiante pneumique syndrome de Pierre-Marie et Foix syndrome de Pierre-Marie-Bamberger
(medicine) A medical condition of clubbing and periostitis of smaller joints in the hand.

hypertrophy /haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/ /haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/ hypertrophies n
hypertrophie
(countable, medicine) An increase in the size of an organ or tissue due to the enlargement of its individual cells.

hypertrophy /haɪˈpɜːtɹəfi/ /haɪˈpɝːtɹəfi/ v
s’hypertrophier
(intransitive, of a tissue or organ) To increase in size.

hyperuricemia hyperuricemias n
hyperuricémie
An abnormally high level of uric acid in one's blood.

hyperventilation /haɪ.pə(ɹ)ˌvɛntəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌhaɪpɚˌvɛntəˈleɪʃən/ hyperventilations n
hyperventilation
(medicine, pulmonology) The state of breathing faster or deeper than necessary.

hypervitaminemia n
hypervitaminémie

hypervolemia n
hypervolémie
(medicine) An abnormal increase in the volume of blood circulating through the body

hypervolemic more hypervolemic most hypervolemic adj
hypervolémique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to hypervolemia.

hypha /ˈhaɪfə/ hyphae n
hyphe
(mycology) Any of the long, threadlike filaments that form the mycelium of a fungus.

hyphen /ˈhaɪ.fən/ hyphens n
trait d'union tiret tiret du 6
The symbol "‐", typically used to join two or more words to form a compound term, or to indicate that a word has been split at the end of a line.

hyphenate /ˈhaɪf(ə)ˌneɪt/ /ˈhaɪfənət/ v
mettre la césure
(transitive) to break a word at the end of a line according to the hyphenation rules by adding a hyphen on the end of the line.

hyphenation /ˌhaɪfəˈneɪʃən/ hyphenations n
césure
The inclusion of hyphens; especially, the correct locations of hyphens.

hypnagogic /hɪpnəˈɡɒdʒɪk/ more hypnagogic most hypnagogic adj
hypnagogique
That induces sleep; soporific, somniferous.
That accompanies falling asleep; especially, pertaining to the semi-conscious period immediately preceding sleep.

hypno- /hɪpnoʊ-/ prefix
hypno-
Sleep.

hypnosis /hɪpˈnoʊsɪs/ hypnoses n
hypnose
A trancelike state, artificially induced, in which a person has a heightened suggestibility, and in which suppressed memories may be experienced.

hypnotic /hɪpˈnɑ.tɪk/ /hɪpˈnɒ.tɪk/ [hɪp̚ˈnɑ.ɾɪk̚] more hypnotic most hypnotic adj
hypnotique
Of, or relating to hypnosis or hypnotism.
hypnotique narcotique
(pharmaceutical effect) Inducing sleep; soporific.

hypnotism /ˈhɪpnətɪzəm/ hypnotisms n
hypnotisme
The art of inducing hypnosis.

hypnotist /ˈhɪpnətɪst/ hypnotists n
hypnotiseur hypnotiseuse
A person who uses hypnotism to induce hypnosis in someone, either for entertainment or therapy.

hypnotization hypnotizations n
hypnotisation
The act or process of producing hypnotism.

hypnotize /ˈhɪpnətaɪ̯z/ v
hypnotiser
(transitive) To induce a state of hypnosis in.

hypnotized more hypnotized most hypnotized adj
hypnotisé
Under hypnosis

hypnotoxin hypnotoxins n
hypnotoxine

hypo- /ˈhaɪpoʊ/ /ˈhaɪpəʊ/ prefix
hypo-

hypoandrogenic more hypoandrogenic most hypoandrogenic adj
hypoandrogénique

hypobromite hypobromites n
hypobromite
(inorganic chemistry) any salt or ester of hypobromous acid

hypocapnia n
hypocapnie
(medicine) A state of diminished carbon dioxide in the blood.

hypocaust hypocausts n
hypocauste
An underfloor space or flue through which heat from a furnace passes to heat the floor of a room or a bath.

hypocentre hypocentres n
hypocentre
(geology) The focus of an earthquake, directly under the epicentre.

hypochondria n
hypocondrie
(medicine) A psychological disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation or worry about having a serious illness.

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ more hypochondriac most hypochondriac adj
hypocondriaque hypocondre
Related to, or affected by hypochondria
hypocondriaque
Related to, or located in the hypochondrium.

hypochondriac /ˌhaɪpoʊˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɑndɹiæk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpoʊˈkɒndɹiæk/ /ˌhɪpəˈkɒndɹiæk/ hypochondriacs n
hypocondriaque
A person affected with hypochondria.

hypochondriasis hypochondriases n
hypocondrie
(medicine) A mental disorder characterized by excessive fear of or preoccupation with a serious illness, despite medical testing and reassurance to the contrary.

hypochondrium hypochondria n
hypocondre
(anatomy) The upper region of the abdomen, underneath the lower ribs, each side of the epigastrium.

hypocorism /haɪˈpɑkəˌɹɪzəm/ /haɪˈpɒkəˌɹɪz(ə)m/ /hɪ-/ hypocorisms n
hypocoristique
(uncountable) The formation of terms of endearment or pet names.

hypocoristic /ˌhaɪpəkəˈɹɪstɪk/ more hypocoristic most hypocoristic adj
hypocoristique
Relating to a nickname, usually indicating intimacy with the person.

hypocretin /ˌhaɪ.poʊˈkɹiː.tən/ hypocretins n
hypocrétine

hypocrisy /hɪˈpɑkɹəsi/ /hɪˈpɒkɹəsi/ hypocrisies n
hypocrisie faux-culterie tartuferie tartufferie
The practice of engaging in the same behaviour or activity for which one criticises another; moral self-contradiction whereby the behavior of one or more people belies their own claimed or implied possession of certain beliefs, standards or virtues.

hypocrite /ˈhɪ.pə.kɹɪt/ hypocrites n
hypocrite pharisien pharisienne tartufe tartuffe
Someone who practices hypocrisy, who pretends to hold beliefs, or whose actions are not consistent with their claimed beliefs. [from early 13th c.]

hypocritical /hɪpəˈkɹɪtɪkəl/ more hypocritical most hypocritical adj
hypocrite
Characterized by hypocrisy or being a hypocrite. [from mid-16th c.]

hypocycloid hypocycloids n
hypocycloïde
(geometry) The locus of a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls without slipping inside the circumference of another circle.

hypodermic /ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːmɪk/ /ˌhaɪpəˈdɝmɪk/ adj
hypodermique
Of, or relating to the hypodermis, the layer beneath the dermis

hypodermic needle hypodermic needles n
aiguille hypodermique
A hollow needle with a sharp point intended to puncture the skin to draw a fluid from under the skin or inject a fluid under the skin, used as part of a hypodermic syringe.

hypodermic syringe hypodermic syringes n
seringue hypodermique

hypodermis hypodermes hypodermises n
hypoderme
(anatomy) A subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue containing fat cells, lying beneath the dermis.

hypodontia n
hypodontie
The congenital absence of the normal number of teeth.

hypogamy n
hypogamie
The seeking of a spouse of lower socioeconomic status or caste than oneself.

hypogastric adj
hypogastrique
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the hypogastrium.

hypogeal more hypogeal most hypogeal adj
hypogé
Existing or growing underground

hypogeum /hɪpəˈd͡ʒiːəm/ /hʌɪpəˈd͡ʒiːəm/ hypogea hypogeums n
hypogée
An underground room or cavern (also used figuratively).

hypoglossal /ˌhaɪ.pəˈɡlɑs.əl/ /ˌhʌɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒs.l̩/ /ˌhʌɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈɡlɒs.əl/ adj
hypoglosse
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the area under the tongue.

hypoglossal nerve hypoglossal nerves n
nerf hypoglosse
(neuroanatomy) Either of the 12th and final pair of cranial nerves which are motor nerves arising from the medulla oblongata and supplying muscles of the tongue in higher vertebrates.

hypoglycemia hypoglycemias n
hypoglycémie
(pathology) A too low level of blood glucose.

hypokalemia hypokalemias n
hypokaliémie

hypolactasia hypolactasias n
hypolactasie

hypolimnion hypolimnia n
hypolimnion
(geography) The perpetually cold layer of water that lies beneath the thermocline of a thermally stratified lake.

hypomagnesemia hypomagnesemias n
hypomagnésémie
(biology, medicine) The condition of having an abnormally low concentration of magnesium (Mg) ions in the blood (below the reference range).

hypomania hypomanias n
hypomanie
(medicine) A mild form of mania, especially the phase of several mood disorders characterized by euphoria or hyperactivity.

hypomere hypomeres n
hypomère
(biology) A part that the walls of a pleuroperitoneal cavity grow.

hyponatremia /ˌhaɪ.poʊˌneɪˈtɹiː.mi.ə/ /ˌhʌɪ.pəʊ.nəˈtɹiː.mi.ə/ hyponatremias n
hyponatrémie
(medicine) An abnormally low concentration of sodium in blood plasma.

hyponym /ˈhaɪ.poʊ.nɪm/ /ˈhaɪpə.nɪm/ /ˈhaɪpəʊ.nɪm/ hyponyms n
hyponyme
(semantics) A more specific term; a subordinate grouping word or phrase; a term designating a subclass of another more general class described by the given word.

hyponymic adj
hyponymique

hyponymous adj
hyponymique

hyponymy hyponymies n
hyponymie

hypophosphatemia hypophosphatemias n
hypophosphatémie
(medicine) An electrolyte disturbance in which there is an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood, most commonly seen when malnourished patients are given large amounts of carbohydrates, creating a high phosphorus demand in the cells of the body.

hypophysial more hypophysial most hypophysial adj
hypophysaire
Of or pertaining to the hypophysis (the pituitary gland).

hypophysis /haɪˈpɒfɪsɪs/ hypophyses n
hypophyse
(anatomy) The pituitary gland.

hypophysitis hypophysitides n
hypophysite
inflammation of the pituitary gland

hypopituitarism /ˌhaɪpəʊpɪˈt(j)uːɪtəˌɹɪzəm/ hypopituitarisms n
hypopituitarisme
(medicine) A decrease in secretion of one or more of the eight hormones normally produced by the pituitary gland.

hypoplasia hypoplasias n
hypoplasie
underdevelopment or incomplete development of a tissue or organ, especially when caused by an inadequate or below-normal number of cells

hyporeflexia n
hyporéflexie
(medicine) Diminished function of one or more reflexes.

hypostasis /haɪˈpɑstəsɪs/ /haɪˈpɒstəsɪs/ hypostaseis hypostases n
hypostase
(medicine, now, historical) A sedimentary deposit, especially in urine. [from 14th c.]
(theology) The essential person, specifically the single person of Christ (as distinguished from his two ‘natures’, human and divine), or of the three ‘persons’ of the Trinity (sharing a single ‘essence’). [from 16th c.]
(psychology) Referring to the hypostatic model of personality; i.e., asserting that humans present themselves in many different aspects or hypostases, depending on the internal and external realities they relate to, including different approaches to the study of personality.

hypostyle adj
hypostyle
(architecture) Having a roof supported on a row of columns.

hypotension hypotensions n
hypotension
(medicine, cardiology) The disease or disorder of abnormally low blood pressure.

hypotensive more hypotensive most hypotensive adj
hypotendu

hypotenuse /haɪˈpɑtənjus/ /haɪˈpɑtənus/ /haɪˈpɒtənjuːz/ [haɪˈpɑʔənuːs] [haɪˈpɒʔn̩juːz] hypotenuses n
hypoténuse
(geometry) The side of a right triangle opposite the right angle.

hypothalamic adj
hypothalamique
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the hypothalamus.

hypothalamus hypothalami hypothalamuses n
hypothalamus
(neuroanatomy) A region of the forebrain located below the thalamus, forming the basal portion of the diencephalon, and functioning to regulate body temperature, some metabolic processes and governing the autonomic nervous system.

hypothecarily adv
hypothécairement

hypothecate /hʌɪˈpɒθɪkeɪt/ v
hypothéquer
(transitive) To pledge (something) as surety for a loan; to pawn, mortgage.

hypothenar /haɪˈpɒθɪnə/ more hypothenar most hypothenar adj
hypothénar
(anatomy) Of the ulnar fleshy side of the palm.

hypothenar eminence hypothenar eminences n
hypothénar

hypothermia /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθɜː(ɹ)mi.ə/ hypothermias n
hypothermie
(pathology) Abnormally low body temperature; specifically, below 35 degrees Celsius for humans.

hypothermic more hypothermic most hypothermic adj
hypothermique
Affected by hypothermia; having an abnormally low body temperature.

hypothesis /-əsəs/ /-əsɪs/ /haɪˈpɑː.θə.sɪs/ /haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /həˈpɒθɪsɪs/ /hɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/ hypotheses n
hypothèse
(sciences) Used loosely, a tentative conjecture explaining an observation, phenomenon or scientific problem that can be tested by further observation, investigation and/or experimentation. As a scientific term of art, see the attached quotation. Compare to theory, and quotation given there.
(general) An assumption taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation.
(grammar) The antecedent of a conditional statement.

hypothesize /-ə.saɪz/ /haɪˈpɑː.θə.saɪz/ /haɪˈpɒθ.ɪ.saɪz/ /həˈpɒθ.ɪ.saɪz/ /hɪˈpɒθ.ɪ.saɪz/ v
faire hypothèse supposer émettre
(ambitransitive) To assume or assert tentatively on uncertain grounds.

hypothetical /ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkl/ more hypothetical most hypothetical adj
hypothétique
Based upon a hypothesis; conjectural

hypothetically more hypothetically most hypothetically adv
hypothétiquement
In a hypothetical way; as a hypothesis.

hypothyroidism /ˌhaɪpəʊˈθaɪrɔɪˌdɪzəm/ /ˌhaɪpəˈθaɪɹɔɪˌdɪzəm/ hypothyroidisms n
hypothyroïdisme
(pathology) The disease state caused by insufficient production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland. [from 1900s]

hypotraceable adj
hypohamiltonien
(graph theory) hypohamiltonian.

hypotrochoid /ˌhaɪ.poʊˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pə(ʊ)ˈtɹəʊ.kɔɪd/ /ˌhaɪ.pəˈtɹoʊ.kɔɪd/ hypotrochoids n
hypotrochoïde
(geometry) A geometric curve traced by a fixed point on the radius line outside one circle which rotates inside the perimeter of another circle.

hypotrophy n
hypotrophie

hypovolemia hypovolemias n
hypovolémie
(pathology) A state of decreased blood plasma volume.

hypovolemic adj
hypovolémique
Of, pertaining to hypovolemia, or characterized by low volume of blood in the circulatory system; as hypovolemic shock.

hypoxemia hypoxemias n
hypoxémie
(medicine) An abnormal deficiency in the concentration of oxygen in the blood, be it the partial pressure of oxygen (mm Hg), the content of oxygen (ml oxygen per dl of blood) or the per cent saturation of the blood's hemoglobin, singly or in combination.

hypoxia hypoxias n
hypoxie
(pathology) A condition in which tissues (especially the blood) are deprived of an adequate supply of oxygen; anoxia [from 1940s]

hypsometric adj
hypsométrique
Of or pertaining to hypsometry (measuring elevation relative to sea level)

hypsometry /hɪpˈsɑm.ə.tɹi/ /hɪpˈsɒm.ə.tɹi/ n
hypsométrie
The measurement of elevation relative to sea level.

hyraceum /haɪˈreɪsiəm/ n
hyraceum pierre d'Afrique

hyrax /ˈhaɪ.ɹæks/ hyraces hyraxes n
daman
Any of several small, paenungulate herbivorous mammals of the order Hyracoidea, with a bulky frame and fang-like incisors, native to Africa and the Middle East.

hysterectomy /hɪstəˈɹɛktəmi/ hysterectomies n
hystérectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure to remove all of or part of the uterus.

hysteresis hystereses n
hystérésis hystérèse
A property of a system such that an output value is not a strict function of the corresponding input, but also incorporates some lag, delay, or history dependence, and in particular when the response for a decrease in the input variable is different from the response for an increase. For example, a thermostat with a nominal setpoint of 75° might switch the controlled heat source on when the temperature drops below 74°, and off when it rises above 76°.

hysteria /hɪˈstɛɹiə/ /hɪˈstɪɹiə/ hysteriae hysterias hysteriæ n
hystérie
Behavior exhibiting excessive or uncontrollable emotions, in a wide range from joy to panic but usually including anxiety or fear.

hysteric /hɪsˈtɛɹɪk/ hysterics n
hystérique

hysterical /hɪˈstɛɹɪkəl/ more hysterical most hysterical adj
hystérique
Of, or arising from hysteria.
hystérique surexcité
Having, or prone to having hysterics.
hystérique tordant
Provoking uncontrollable laughter.

hystericize v
hystériser
(transitive, psychoanalysis) To make hysterical.

hysterics n
crise des nerfs hystérie
Hysteria.

hystero- prefix
hystéro-
Of or pertaining to the uterus (womb).
Of or pertaining to hysteria.

hysterocystic adj
hystérocystique

háček /ˈhæt͡ʃɛk/ /ˈhɑːt͡ʃɛk/ [ˈhat͡ʃɛk] [ˈhaːt͡ʃek] [ˈhaːt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhæt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɐːt͡ʃek] [ˈhɑt͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɑət͡ʃɛk] [ˈhɑːt͡ʃɛk] [ˈɦɑːt͡ʃɛk] háčeks háčky n
caron hatchek accent hirondelle chevron háček
(orthography, and, typography) A caron; a diacritical mark (ˇ) usually resembling an inverted circumflex, but in the cases of ď, Ľ, ľ, and ť resembling a prime (′) instead.

hübnerite hübnerites n
hübnérite
(mineral) A manganese tungstate mineral that forms reddish-brown to black monoclinic prismatic submetallic crystals.

i.e. /ɪd ɛst/ /ˌaɪˈiː/ adv
c'est-à-dire c.-à-d.
(initialism) That is, namely, in other words, that is to say.

iPhone /ˈaɪˌfoʊ̯n/ iPhones n
iPhone
(trademark) A smartphone of a series produced by Apple, which typically combine a camera phone, PDA, multimedia player, and wireless communication device.

iPod iPods n
iPod
(by extension) Any portable personal MP3 player or similar device.

iamb /ˈaɪəm/ /ˈaɪˌæm/ iambs n
ïambe
(prosody) A metrical foot in verse consisting of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.

iambic /aɪˌæmbɪk/ more iambic most iambic adj
iambique
(prosody) Consisting of iambs (metrical feet with an unstressed-stressed pattern) or characterized by their predominance. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

iambic pentameter /aɪˈæmbɪk pɛnˈtæmɪtə(ɹ)/ iambic pentameters n
pentamètre iambique
A poetic meter consisting of lines with five iambic feet each, meaning the even syllables are dominant.

iatric more iatric most iatric adj
iatrique
Of or pertaining to a physician or physicians.

iatrogenesis /aɪˌætɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ iatrogeneses n
iatrogénèse
(medicine) Any adverse effect (or complication) resulting from medical treatment.

iatrogenic /aɪˌætɹəˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more iatrogenic most iatrogenic adj
iatrogène iatrogénique
(medicine, of a disease, injury, or other adverse outcome) Induced by the words or actions of the physician or by medical treatment or diagnostic procedure.

ibex /ˈaɪbɛks/ ibex ibexes ibices n
bouquetin
A type of wild mountain goat of the genus Capra, such as the species Capra ibex.

ibis /ˈaɪ.bɪs/ ibes ibides ibis ibises n
ibis
Any of various long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae, having long downcurved bills used to probe the mud for prey such as crustaceans.

ibisbill /ˈaɪbɪs.bɪl/ ibisbills n
bec-d'ibis tibétain
Ibidorhyncha struthersii, a species of wading bird in the monotypic family Ibidorhynchidae, inhabiting the shingle riverbanks of the high plateau of Central Asia and the Himalayas.

ibuprofen /aɪˈbju.pɹəf.ən/ /ˌaɪ.biˈpɹoʊfən/ /ˌaɪ.bjuˈpɹoʊ.fən/ /ˌʌɪ.bjuːˈpɹəʊ.fən/ ibuprofens n
ibuprofène
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound used widely as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug.

icaridin n
icaridine

ice /aɪs/ [ʌɪs] ices n
glace
Water in frozen (solid) form.
(ice hockey) The area where a game of ice hockey is played.
glace glace sèche neige
(physics, astronomy) Any frozen volatile chemical, such as ammonia or carbon dioxide.
glace crème glacée glace à l’eau sorbet
A frozen dessert made of fruit juice, water and sugar.

ice /aɪs/ [ʌɪs] v
congeler geler glacer refroidir
(intransitive) To become ice; to freeze.
(transitive) To make icy; to freeze.
glacer
(transitive) To cover with icing (frosting made of sugar and milk or white of egg); to frost; as cakes, tarts, etc.
refroidir
(transitive, slang) To murder.

ice age ice ages n
âge de glace
(scientific) A period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence of major polar ice sheets that reach the ocean and calve icebergs.
période glaciaire glaciation englaciation
(colloquial) Any of several glacial periods (within a scientific ice age) marked by episodes of extensive glaciation alternating with episodes of relative warmth (interglacial).

ice axe ice axes n
piolet
An axe used by mountaineers to cut footholds in the ice.

ice cap ice caps n
calotte glaciaire
A permanent expanse of ice encompassing a large geographical area, as for example in Earth's polar zones (polar ice) or at high elevation. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ice cider ice ciders n
cidre de glace
an apple cider made from frozen apples harvested after freezing winter weather has descended on the orchard.

ice circle ice circles n
disque de glace

ice climbing n
escalade de glace escalade sur glace
(climbing) the branch of mountaineering that specializes in climbing on frozen surfaces.

ice core ice cores n
carotte de glace
A core sample removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica, Greenland or from high mountain glaciers elsewhere, the properties of which can be used to reconstruct a climatic record of a given area.

ice cream /aɪsˈkɹiːm/ /ˈaɪs.kɹiːm/ /ˌaɪsˈkɹiːm/ ice creams n
glace crème glacée
(uncountable) A dessert made from frozen sweetened cream or a similar substance, usually flavoured.
(countable) A portion of ice cream on a stick, in a cup or in a wafer cone.

ice cream cone ice cream cones n
cornet de glace
A thin, conical confection baked from crepe batter, sealed at its apex, used to hold ice cream while it is being eaten.

ice cream maker ice cream makers n
sorbetière glacier
A machine used to make homemade ice cream.

ice cream parlor ice cream parlors n
glacier bar laitier glacerie
A retail business that sells ice cream and related products.

ice cream sandwich ice cream sandwiches n
sandwich à la crème glacée
A dessert consisting of a layer of ice cream between two cookies, often thin chocolate wafers.

ice cream soda ice cream sodas n
flotteur
A beverage made by adding ice cream to a soft drink.

ice cream vendor ice cream vendors n
glacier
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ice cube ice cubes n
glaçon cube de glace
Any small piece of ice used for cooling drinks, larger than crushed ice, regardless of their shape.

ice dancing n
danse sur glace

ice field ice fields n
champ de glace
A large expanse of floating ice (several miles long).

ice fishing n
pêche blanche
The practice of fishing through a hole cut in the ice.

ice hockey n
hockey sur glace hockey
A form of hockey played on an ice rink with a puck, rather than a ball.

ice perry ice perries n
poiré de glace

ice resurfacer ice resurfacers n
surfaceuse
A machine for smoothing the surface of an ice rink.

ice rink ice rinks n
patinoire
A specially frozen surface of water on which people skate or play ice hockey; the building that houses such a surface.

ice sculpture ice sculptures n
sculpture sur glace
(sculpture) temporary, decorative sculpture carved from a block of ice

ice sheet ice sheets n
inlandsis
A broad glacial mass with a relatively flat surface.

ice shelf /ˈaɪs ˌʃɛlf/ ice shelves n
plateforme de glace
A thick, floating platform of ice that forms where a glacier or ice sheet flows down to a coastline and onto the ocean surface. Ice shelves are found in Antarctica, Greenland, and Canada only.

ice skate ice skates n
patin à glace
A light boot, fitted with a blade, used for ice skating.

ice skating n
patinage patinage à glace
The act, or the sport, of skating on ice.

ice storm ice storms n
tempête de verglas
A storm in which rain freezes on contact with the ground to form a sheet of ice.

ice swimming n
bain dans l'eau glacée bain de glace
The practice of swimming in a gap or hole in the ice of an iced-over body of water.

ice tray ice trays n
bac à glaçons
A household item usually in the form of a plastic or metal device with a series of indentations such that the item may be easily filled with water (or another liquid) for the purpose of being placed in a freezer, from which it will later be removed, at which point it will contain easily separable ice cubes (or frozen cubes of whatever liquid was placed in it).

ice tsunami ice tsunamis n
tsunami de glace

ice wedge ice wedges n
coin de glace
a vertical wedge of subterranean ice

ice wine ice wines n
vin de glace
A sweet dessert wine made from grapes that are harvested after they have naturally frozen on the vine.

ice-cold /ˈaɪskəʊld/ more ice-cold most ice-cold adj
glacial glacé
As cold as ice; very cold.
glacial
Without emotion; distant.

iceberg /ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/ /ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ icebergs n
iceberg montagne de glace
A huge mass of ocean-floating ice which has broken off a glacier or ice shelf [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

iceberg lettuce iceberg lettuces n
laitue iceberg
A lettuce cultivar (Lactuca sativa var. capitata) noted for its crunchiness; the most familiar of all lettuces sold in the United States.

icebox /ˈʌɪsbɒks/ iceboxes n
glacière
A box or compartment containing ice, typically used to keep provisions cool. [from 19th c.]
compartiment à glaçons congélateur
(UK) A compartment in a refrigerator that is colder than the rest of the refrigerator and is used as a freezer.

icebreaker /ˈaɪsˌbɹeɪkəɹ/ icebreakers n
brise-glace
A ship designed to break through ice so that it, or other ships coming behind, can navigate on frozen seas.

icecross downhill n
patinage de descente extrême

iced capp iced capps n
cap glacé capp glacé

iced coffee iced coffees n
café glacé
Various types of cold beverages made from coffee.

iced tea iced teas n
thé glacé thé froid
(uncountable) Cold tea, a beverage.

icehouse icehouses n
glacière
A deep cellar or outdoor building used for the storage of ice or snow; sometimes also used to store food at low temperature.

iceman icemen n
assassin
(slang) An assassin.

icepick icepicks n
pic à glace
A pointed tool, shaped like an awl, used for breaking ice.

ichnography ichnographies n
ichnographie
the ground plan of a building

ichor /-kə/ /ˈaɪkɔɹ/ /ˈaɪkɔː/ /ˈɪkə/ /ˈɪkəɹ/ ichors n
ichor
(Greek mythology) The liquid said to flow in place of blood in the veins of the gods. [from late 17th c.]

ichthyocentaur ichthyocentaurs n
ichthyocentaure ichtyocentaure

ichthyography ichthyographies n
ichtyographie
The scientific description of fishes

ichthyological adj
ichthyologique
Of or pertaining to ichthyology.

ichthyologist ichthyologists n
ichthyologue ichtyologue
An expert in ichthyology: one who studies fishes. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ichthyology /ˌɪkθiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
ichtyologie ichthyologie
The branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish.

ichthyoplankton ichthyoplanktons n
ichthyoplancton ichtyoplancton
(zoology) zooplankton derived from fish, such as fish eggs, fry and larvae

ichthyosaur /ˈɪkθiəsɔːɹ/ ichthyosaurs n
ichtyosaure
Any of several fishlike marine reptiles of the extinct order †Ichthyosauria of the early Triassic to the late Cretaceous period, that had a body somewhat like a porpoise. [from c. 1830]

ichthyosis /ɪkθɪˈəʊsɪs/ ichthyoses n
ichtyose
(disease) A disease which gives the sufferer a dry, scaly skin.

icicle /ˈaɪ.sɪ.kl̩/ /ˈaɪs.ɪkl̩/ /ˈʌɪsəkəl/ icicles n
stalactite glaçon
A drooping, tapering shape of ice.

icing /ˈaɪsɪŋ/ icings n
glaçage
(cooking) A sweet, often creamy and thick glaze made primarily of sugar, often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, or flavorings, typically used for baked goods.

icing on the cake n
cerise sur le gâteau
(idiomatic) Something that intensifies the appreciation of something already good (or bad in an ironic sense depending on the context).

icky /ˈɪki/ ickier ickiest adj
dégoûtant dégueu dégueulasse
(informal) Unpleasantly sticky; yucky; disgusting.
cucul mièvre sirupeux
(informal) Excessively sentimental.

icon /ˈaɪ.kɑn/ /ˈaɪ.kɒn/ /ˈaɪ.kən/ icons n
icône
An image, symbol, picture, portrait, or other representation usually as an object of religious devotion.
(religion, especially, Eastern Christianity) A type of religious painting portraying a saint or scene from Scripture, often done on wooden panels.
(graphical user interface) A small picture that represents something.
(internet, informal) An image used to represent a user; an avatar or profile picture.

iconic /aɪˈkɒnɪk/ more iconic most iconic adj
iconique
Relating to, or having the characteristics of, an icon. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
emblématique
(figurative) Famously and distinctively representative of its type.

iconify v
iconifier

iconoclasm iconoclasms n
iconoclasme
The belief in, participation in, or sanction of destroying religious icons and other symbols or monuments, usually with religious or political motives.

iconoclast /aɪˈkɑn.əˌklæst/ /aɪˈkɒn.əˌklæst/ iconoclasts n
iconoclaste
(historical, Christianity) One who destroys religious images or icons, especially an opponent of the Orthodox Church in the 8th and 9th centuries, or a Puritan during the European Reformation.
One who opposes orthodoxy and religion; one who adheres to the doctrine of iconoclasm.
(by extension) One who attacks cherished beliefs; a maverick.

iconoclastic more iconoclastic most iconoclastic adj
iconoclaste
Characterized by attack on established and accepted beliefs, customs, or institutions; of or pertaining to iconoclasm.

iconodule iconodules n
iconodule
A person who supports the veneration of religious icons; an iconophile or iconodulist

iconodulism n
iconodulie
The veneration of religious icons.

iconography iconographies n
iconographie
A set of specified or traditional symbolic forms associated with the subject or theme of a stylized genre of art.

iconostasis /ˌaɪkəˈnɒstəsɪs/ iconostaseis iconostases n
iconostase
(Eastern Orthodoxy) A wall of icons between the sanctuary and the nave in an Eastern Orthodox church.

icosagon icosagons n
icosagone
(mathematics) A polygon with twenty sides and twenty angles.

icosahedron /ˌaɪkoʊsəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌaɪkɒsəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌaɪkɔsəˈhiːdɹən/ icosahedra icosahedrons n
icosaèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with twenty faces.

icosidodecadodecahedron icosidodecadodecahedra icosidodecadodecahedrons n
icosidodécadodécaèdre
a polyhedron having 44 faces, 60 vertices, 120 edges, 12 self intersected faces and 12 nonconvex faces

icosidodecahedron icosidodecahedra icosidodecahedrons n
icosidodécaèdre
An Archimedean solid with thirty-two regular faces (twelve pentagons and twenty triangles).

icosihenagon icosihenagons n
henicosagone
(geometry) A polygon with twenty-one edges and twenty-one angles.

icositetrahedron icositetrahedra icositetrahedrons n
icositétraèdre

icterine warbler icterine warblers n
hypolaïs ictérine
Hippolais icterina, an Old World warbler.

icy /ˈaɪsi/ icier iciest adj
glacé glacial
Pertaining to, resembling, or abounding in ice; cold; frosty.
glacé
Covered with ice, wholly or partially.
gelé
Characterized by coldness of manner; frigid; cold.

id /ɪd/ ids n
ça
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious impulsive component of the personality in the Freudian psychoanalytic model.

idea /aɪˈdi.ə/ /aɪˈdiː/ /aɪˈdɪə/ /aɪˈdɪɹ/ /aːˈdɪɹ/ /ɑeˈdiə̯/ /ˈaɪdi/ ideas ideæ n
idée
An image of an object that is formed in the mind or recalled by the memory. [from 16th c.]
A conception in the mind of something to be done; a plan for doing something, an intention. [from 17th c.]
pensée idée
More generally, any result of mental activity; a thought, a notion; a way of thinking. [from 17th c.]

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ more ideal most ideal adj
idéal
Optimal; being the best possibility.
Existing only in the mind; conceptual, imaginary.
idéal parfait
Perfect, flawless, having no defects.

ideal /aɪˈdiː.əl/ /aɪˈdiːl/ /aɪˈdɪəl/ ideals n
idéal
A perfect standard of beauty, intellect etc., or a standard of excellence to aim at.
(algebra, ring theory) A subring closed under multiplication by its containing ring.

ideal gas ideal gases n
gaz parfait
(physics) a hypothetical gas, whose molecules exhibit no interaction, and undergo elastic collision with each other and with the walls of the container

ideal gas law n
loi des gaz parfaits
(physics) the equation of state of an ideal gas

idealism idealisms n
idéalisme
The property of a person of having high ideals that are usually unrealizable or at odds with practical life.
(philosophy) An approach to philosophical enquiry, which asserts that direct and immediate knowledge can only be had of ideas or mental pictures.

idealist idealists n
idéaliste
(philosophy) One who adheres to idealism.
Someone whose conduct stems from idealism rather than from practicality.
An unrealistic or impractical visionary.

idealistic more idealistic most idealistic adj
idéaliste
Of or pertaining to an idealist or to idealism.

idealistically more idealistically most idealistically adv
idéalistiquement
In an idealistic manner.

ideality /aɪdiˈælɪti/ idealities n
idéalité
(uncountable) The quality or state of being ideal.

idealization idealizations n
idéalisation
The act or process of idealizing.

idealize /aɪˈdiːəlaɪz/ /ˈaɪdɪəˌlaɪz/ v
idéaliser
(transitive) To regard something as ideal.
(intransitive) To conceive or form an ideal.

ideally /ʌɪˈdɪəli/ more ideally most ideally adv
idéalement
Given ideal circumstances; preferably. [from 19th c.]

ideate /ˈaɪdieɪt/ v
idéer
To apprehend in thought so as to fix and hold in the mind; to memorize.

ideation /ˌaɪ.diˈeɪ.ʃən/ ideations n
idéation
(often, _, business) The synthesis of ideas.

idempotence n
idempotence
(mathematics, computing) A quality of an action such that repetitions of the action have no further effect on outcome – being idempotent.

identical /aɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ /ɪˈdɛntɪkl̩/ more identical most identical adj
identique
(not comparable) Bearing full likeness by having precisely the same set of characteristics; indistinguishable.
(not comparable, mathematics) Exactly equivalent.
identique même mêmes
(not comparable) Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; numerically identical.
monozygote mono-ovulaire monovulaire
(not comparable, biology) Of twins, sharing the same genetic code.

identically /aɪˈdɛntɪkəli/ more identically most identically adv
identiquement
In an identical manner.

identifiable more identifiable most identifiable adj
identifiable
Capable of being distinguished and named.

identification /aɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪˌdɛntɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ identifications n
identification
(broadly, often) The combination of identifying (which one, which thing) and validating the identity (proving or confirming it); identifying and authenticating viewed as a unitary concept in cognition.
pièce d'identité
A document or documents serving as evidence of a person's identity.

identifier identifiers n
identificateur
(programming, operating systems) A formal name used in source code to refer to a variable, function, procedure, package, etc. or in an operating system to refer to a process, user, group, etc.
identifiant
(databases) A primary key.

identify /aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.faɪ/ /ɪˈdɛn.tɪ.faɪ/ v
identifier
(transitive) To establish the identity of someone or something.
s'identifier à identifier
(intransitive) To associate oneself with some group; to feel, or believe one feels, the same way.

identikit /aɪˈdɛntəkɪt/ /aɪˈdɛntɪkɪt/ identikits n
portrait-robot
A picture of a person, reconstructed from strips showing facial features selected to match witnesses' descriptions; used by the police to build a likeness of a person sought for a crime.

identitarianism identitarianisms n
identitarisme

identity /aɪˈdɛn(t)əti/ /aɪˈdɛn(t)ɪti/ /aɪˈdɛntɪti/ /ɑɪˈdentəti/ [aɪˈdɛnəɾi] [aɪˈdɛnɪɾi] identities n
identité
The difference or character that marks off an individual or collective from the rest of the same kind; selfhood; the sense of who something or someone or oneself is, or the recurring characteristics that enable the recognition of such an individual or group by others or themselves.

identity card identity cards n
carte d'identité pièce d'identité
A card or badge showing the official identity of the bearer.

identity crisis identity crises n
crise d'identité crise identitaire
(psychology) A crisis of personal identity.

identity document identity documents n
pièce d'identité
A document which may be used to prove a person's identity.

identity matrix identity matrices identity matrixes n
matrice identité matrice unité
(linear algebra) A diagonal matrix all of the diagonal elements of which are equal to 1.

identity politics n
politique identitaire
(politics) Politics focusing on the self-interest and perspectives of people in various groupings, such as ethnicity, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, and gender identity.

identity theft identity thefts n
usurpation d'identité
(law, criminology) The deliberate assumption of another person's identity, usually to gain access to that person's finances or to frame a person for a crime.

ideogram /ˈaɪ.di.ə.ɡɹæm/ /ˈɪd.i.oʊ.ɡɹæm/ /ˈɪd.i.ə.ɡɹæm/ ideograms n
idéogramme idéographe
A picture or symbol which represents the idea of something without indicating the sequence of sounds used to pronounce it. Examples include digits, traffic signs, and graphic symbols such as @.

ideographic adj
idéographique
Pertaining to an ideograph or ideography.

ideography ideographies n
idéographie
The use of ideograms; logography.

ideological /ˌaɪ.di.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌaɪ.diː.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɑɪ.diː.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌɪd.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ more ideological most ideological adj
idéologique
Of or pertaining to an ideology.
Based on an ideology or misleading studies or statistics, especially based on the media or propaganda. Not based on scientific evidence or reality.

ideologically more ideologically most ideologically adv
idéologiquement
In an ideological manner; with respect to ideology.

ideologization ideologizations n
idéologisation

ideologize v
idéologiser

ideologue /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ /ˈaɪ.di.ə.lɒɡ/ /ˈɑɪ.di.ə.lɔɡ/ /ˈɪ.di.ə.lɑɡ/ ideologues n
idéologue
A person who advocates an ideology, especially as an official or preeminent advocate.

ideology /aɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ɪ.diˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌaɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ /ˌɑɪ.diːˈɔl.ə.d͡ʒiː/ ideologies n
idéologie
Doctrine, philosophy, body of beliefs or principles belonging to an individual or group.
(uncountable) The study of the origin and nature of ideas.

ideophone /ˈɪ.di.(j)ə(ʊ).ˌfəʊn/ ideophones n
idéophone
A word that utilizes sound symbolism to express aspects of events that can be experienced by the senses, like smell, color, shape, sound, action, or movement.

ides /aɪdz/ ides n
ides
(historical, often, _, capitalized) The notional full-moon day of a Roman month, occurring on the 15th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 13th day of all other months.

idigbo n
framiré
A combretaceous timber-yielding African tree of species Terminalia ivorensis.

idiocracy /ˌɪdiˈɑkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdiˈɒkɹəsi/ idiocracies n
idiocratie
(jocular, politics) A government run by idiots.

idiocy /ˈɪdi.əsi/ idiocies n
idiotie
(dated, psychology, now, , pejorative) The state or condition of being an idiot; the quality of having an intelligence level far below average; mental retardation; intellectual disability.

idiolect /ˈɘ.di.ɐʉ.lekt/ /ˈɪd.i.ə.lɛkt/ /ˈɪd.i.əʊ̯.lɛkt/ idiolects n
idiolecte
(linguistics) The language variant used by a specific individual.

idiom /ˈɪdi.əm/ idiomata idioms n
idiome idiotisme
A manner of speaking, a mode of expression peculiar to a language, language family, or group of people.
An established phrasal expression whose meaning may not be deducible from the literal meanings of its component words.
idiome
A language or language variety; specifically, a restricted dialect used in a given historical period, context etc.

idiomatic /ˌɪdi.əˈmætɪk/ more idiomatic most idiomatic adj
idiomatique
Pertaining or conforming to idiom, the natural mode of expression of a language.

idiomaticity /ˈɪd.i.əʊ.məˈtɪ.si.ti/ idiomaticities n
idiomaticité
(linguistics, countable, rare) The state of a linguistic expression which exists when the expression exhibits semantic-pragmatic divergence, when the semantic value of the expression differs from its pragmatic value; that is to say, idiomaticity exists when the inherent meaning of the words expressed does not match the meaning of the expression as understood by the users: the sayer(s) and hearer(s).

idiopathic /ˌɪdioʊˈpæθɪk/ adj
idiopathique
(pathology) Of, relating to, or designating a disease or condition having no known cause.

idiopathy idiopathies n
idiopathie
(pathology) Something idiopathic; a disease having no known cause.

idiophone /ˈɪdi.əfoʊn/ /ˈɪdi.əfəʊn/ idiophones n
idiophone
Any musical instrument that produces its sound by its own vibration (without any strings or membranes).

idiosyncrasy /ˌɪdioʊˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdiəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdɪəʊˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ /ˌɪdɪəˈsɪŋkɹəsi/ idiosyncrasies n
idiosyncrasie
A behavior or way of thinking that is characteristic of a person.
A language or behaviour that is particular to an individual or group.
(medicine) A peculiar individual reaction to a generally innocuous substance or factor.
A peculiarity that serves to distinguish or identify.

idiosyncratic /-ˌsɪŋ-/ /ˌɪd.i.əʊ.sɪŋˈkræ.tɪk/ more idiosyncratic most idiosyncratic adj
idiosyncratique particulier singulier
Peculiar to a specific individual; eccentric.

idiot /ˈɪd.i.(j)ət/ /ˈɪd.i.(j)ɪt/ idiots n
idiot idiote
(pejorative) A person of low general intelligence.

idiot light idiot lights n
voyant
(automotive, slang) Any warning light or indicator on the dashboard of a car, designed to alert the driver to problems, such as the parking brake being on or the oil being low.

idiotic /ɪd.iˈɑt.ɪk/ /ɪd.iˈɒt.ɪk/ [ɪɾiˈɑɾɪk] more idiotic most idiotic adj
idiot idiotique stupide
(of a person or animal) Pertaining to or resembling an idiot; characterised with behaviour resembling idiocy.

idiotically more idiotically most idiotically adv
idiotement
In an idiotic manner.

idioticon /-kɒn/ /-ˌkɑn/ /ˌɪdiˈoʊtək(ə)n/ /ˌɪdɪˈəʊtɪk(ə)n/ [-ɾə-] idiotica idioticons n
glossaire lexique
A dictionary of a specific dialect, or of the words and phrases peculiar to one part of a country; a glossary.

idiotypic adj
idiotypique
Of or pertaining to an idiotype

idle /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ /ˈʌɪdəl/ more idle most idle adj
oisif
Not engaged in any occupation or employment; unemployed; inactive; doing nothing in particular.
fainéant inactif
Averse to work, labor or employment; lazy; slothful.
oiseux
Of no importance; useless; worthless; vain; trifling; thoughtless; silly.

idle /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ /ˈʌɪdəl/ v
fainéanter
(intransitive) To lose or spend time doing nothing, or without being employed in business.
point mort tourner au ralenti
(intransitive) Of an engine: to run at a slow speed, or out of gear; to tick over.

idle asset idle assets n
actif dormant avoir dormant

idle hands are the devil's workshop proverb
l'oisiveté est la mère de tous les vices
One who is idle will likely come to do evil.

idleness /ˈaɪdəlnəs/ idlenesses n
oisiveté inactivité
The state of being idle; inactivity.
indolence
The state of being indolent; indolence.
inutilité futilité trivialité
Groundlessness; worthlessness; triviality; vanity; frivolity.

idler idlers n
fainéant fainéante
One who idles; one who spends his or her time in inaction.
One who idles; a lazy person; a sluggard.

idol /ˈaɪd(ə)l/ idols n
idole
A graven image or representation of anything that is revered, or believed to convey spiritual power.
A cultural icon, or especially popular person.

idolater /ˌaɪˈdɑlətəɹ/ idolaters n
idolâtre
One who worships idols; (historical) a pagan.

idolatrous more idolatrous most idolatrous adj
idolâtre
Partaking in idolatry; worshipping idols or false gods.
Engaging in excessive attachment or reverence; inordinately or profanely devoted.

idolatry /aɪˈdɑ.lə.tɹi/ /aɪˈdɒl.ə.tɹiː/ idolatries n
idolâtrie culte des idoles
The worship of idols.

idolize /ˈaɪdəlaɪz/ v
idolâtrer
To make an idol of, or to worship as an idol.

idonic acid n
acide idonique

idyll /ˈaɪ.dəl/ /ˈaɪ.dɪl/ /ˈɪd.əl/ /ˈɪd.ɪl/ idylls n
idylle
Any poem or short written piece composed in the style of Theocritus's short pastoral poems, the Idylls.
An episode or series of events or circumstances of pastoral or rural simplicity, fit for an idyll; a carefree or lighthearted experience.

idyllic /aɪˈdɪlɪk/ /ɪˈdɪlɪk/ more idyllic most idyllic adj
idyllique
Of or pertaining to idylls.
Extremely happy, peaceful, or picturesque.

idée fixe /i.deɪ fiks/ /iː.deɪ ˈfiːks/ idées fixes n
idée fixe marotte
(psychology) An idea dominating the mind and maintained despite evidence to the contrary; (loosely), an obsession.

if /ɪf/ conjunction
si
(computing) In the event that a statement is true (a programming statement that acts in a similar manner).
Supposing that; given that; supposing it is the case that.
si que soit
(sometimes, _, proscribed) Whether; used to introduce a noun clause, an indirect question, that functions as the direct object of certain verbs.

if /ɪf/ ifs n
si
(informal) An uncertainty, possibility, condition, doubt etc.

if I do say so myself adv
en toute modestie sans vouloir me jeter des fleurs
Appended to praise of oneself or one's own doings, as a form of modesty.

if I were you phraseologicalUnit
si j'étais toi si j'étais vous à ta place à votre place
A phrase said to introduce advice, i.e. to express what one would do in the interlocutor's situation.

if I'm not mistaken phraseologicalUnit
sauf erreur si je ne m'abuse

if and only if conjunction
si et seulement si
(logic, mathematics) Is equivalent to; implies and is implied by; is true and false in the same cases as.

if it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck proverb
si ça ressemble à un canard, si ça nage comme un canard et si ça cancane comme un canard, c’est qu’il s’agit sans doute d’un canard

if looks could kill phraseologicalUnit
si on pouvait tuer d'un simple regard
(idiomatic, anapodoton) Used to characterize a look of strong hostility

if memory serves phraseologicalUnit
si ma mémoire est bonne

if my aunt had balls, she'd be my uncle proverb
avec des si on mettrait Paris en bouteille si ma tante en avait, on l'appellerait mon oncle
(colloquial, vulgar, humorous) It is fruitless to speculate about counterfactual situations.

if need be adv
au besoin en cas de besoin [[si|s']]il faut si besoin est si nécessaire
(idiomatic) If necessary; if there is a need.

if not adv
pour ne pas dire si pas sinon

if only conjunction
si seulement pour peu que
(idiomatic) I wish that; signifies a wish or desire for the present or the future.
ne fût-ce que ne serait-ce que
(idiomatic) Even if for no other reason than; only just.

if possible adv
si possible autant que faire se peut autant que possible dans la mesure du possible

if the mountain won't come to Muhammad proverb
si la montagne ne va pas à toi, va à la montagne
If something one wishes to be done cannot be commanded done, one must find another way to achieve one's goal.

if the shoe fits, wear it proverb
si le chapeau te fait, mets-le
(idiom) If it works, there is not a problem using it. Often a response to being judged when using an incorrect tool.

if you ask me phraseologicalUnit
si tu veux mon avis

if you can't beat them, join them proverb
il faut savoir hurler avec les loups
If your adversaries are stronger than you, it is better to join their side.

if you know what I mean /ɪf ju ˌnoʊ wʌt aɪ ˈmin/ [ɪfjəˌnowʌɾaɪˈmin] phraseologicalUnit
si tu vois ce que je veux dire
Used to allude to something unsaid or hinted at.

if you say so interjection
si tu le dis
(colloquial, dismissive) Used to convey lack of agreement together with a refusal to enter into or continue an argument.

if you want a thing done well, do it yourself proverb
on n'est jamais mieux servi que par soi-même
It is better to do something oneself than to rely on others to do it well.

if you want peace, prepare for war proverb
si tu veux la paix prépare la guerre

iff /ɪf ən(d) ˈoʊn.li ɪf/ /ɪf ən(d) ˈəʊn.li ɪf/ conjunction
ssi
(mathematics, logic) Short for if and only if.

iffy /ˈɪfi/ iffier iffiest adj
louche
(slang) Of dubious authenticity, legitimacy or legality.

ifrit /ɪˈfɹiːt/ /ˈɪf.ɹɪt/ ifrits n
éfrit

iftar /ɪfˈtɑː(ɹ)/ iftars n
ftour iftar
(Islam) The evening meal (of dates) that breaks each day's fast during Ramadan.

igloo /ˈɪɡluː/ igloos n
igloo iglou
A dome-shaped Inuit shelter, constructed of blocks cut from snow.

igneous /ˈɪɡ.ni.əs/ adj
igné
Pertaining to or having the nature of fire; containing fire; resembling fire.
igné magmatique
(geology) Resulting from, or produced by, great heat. With rocks, it could also mean formed from lava or magma.

igneous rock igneous rocks n
roche magmatique
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the cooling of molten rock, either below the surface (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive)

ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ v
allumer déclencher mettre le feu
(transitive) to set fire to (something), to light (something)
déclencher
(transitive) to spark off (something), to trigger

igniter igniters n
igniteur
Any device that is used to ignite something, especially a fuel mixture, or a charge of explosive

ignition /ɪɡˈnɪʃən/ ignitions n
ignition
The act of igniting.
allumage
(automotive, mechanical engineering) A system for activating combustion in a combustion engine.

ignition key ignition keys n
clé de contact
A key that starts the combustion engine of a motor vehicle.

ignivomous more ignivomous most ignivomous adj
ignivome
(archaic) Throwing out fire, as a volcano does.

ignoble /ɪɡˈnəʊbəl/ ignobler ignoblest adj
indigne
Not noble; plebeian; common.
ignoble
Not honorable; base.

ignominious /ɪɡnəˈmɪniəs/ more ignominious most ignominious adj
ignominieux
Marked by great dishonor, shame, disgrace or humiliation; shameful, disgraceful

ignominy /ɪɡˈnɑməni/ /ˈɪɡnəməni/ /ˈɪɡnəˌmɪni/ ignominies n
ignominie
Great dishonor, shame, or humiliation.

ignorable more ignorable most ignorable adj
ignorable
That can be ignored.

ignoramus /ɪɡnəˈɹeɪməs/ ignorami ignoramuses n
ignare
A totally ignorant person—unknowledgeable, uneducated, or uninformed; a fool.

ignorance /ˈɪɡ.nə.ɹəns/ /ˈɪɡ.nɚ.əns/ ignorances n
ignorance
The condition of being uninformed or uneducated; lack of knowledge or information.

ignorance is bliss proverb
bienheureux celui qui ne connaît pas la vérité
A lack of knowledge results in happiness; it is more comfortable to not know certain things.

ignorant /ˈɪɡnəɹənt/ ignoranter ignorantest more ignorant most ignorant adj
ignorant
Unknowledgeable or uneducated; characterized by ignorance.

ignore /ɪɡˈno(ː)ɹ/ /ɪɡˈnoə/ /ɪɡˈnɔɹ/ /ɪɡˈnɔː/ v
ignorer prêter attention tenir compte
To deliberately not listen or pay attention to.

ignosticism n
ignosticisme
Aka theological noncognitivism, igtheism.
The lack of belief that "creator and designer of the universe" is a coherently defined phrase, thus modern religionists do not believe in any god but only have the illusion that they do, and that modern atheists do not disbelieve in any god, or even lack belief in any god, but only have the illusion that they do.

iguana /əˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪ.ɡjuˈɑːnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑnə/ /ɪˈɡwɑːnə/ iguanas n
iguane
A green iguana (Iguana iguana), a large tropical American lizard often kept as a pet.
(zoology) Any member of the genus Iguana.
Colloquially, in America and the Pacific, any of several members of the lizard family Iguanidae.
Colloquially, in Africa, any large member of the genus Varanus, especially the aquatic Nile monitor (see leguan).

ikebana ikebanas n
ikebana
The Japanese art of flower arrangement.

ileum ilea n
iléon
(anatomy) The last, and usually the longest, division of the small intestine; the part between the jejunum and large intestine.

ileus /ˈɪliəs/ ilei ileuses n
iléus
(medicine, modern usage) Disruption of the normal propulsive ability of the gastrointestinal tract, due to failure of peristalsis.

ilkhan ilkhans n
ilkhan
(historical) A provincial khan (originally of the Mongol Empire), especially in Iran between the 13th and 14th centuries.

ill /ɪl/ iller illest more ill most ill worse worst adj
malade
Unwell in terms of health or physical condition; sick. [from 15th c.]
écœuré écœurée
Having an urge to vomit. [from 20th c.]

ill /ɪl/ more ill most ill worse worst adv
mal
Not well; imperfectly, badly

ill at ease more ill at ease most ill at ease adj
mal à l'aise
Uncomfortable.

ill will n
mauvaise intention
A spiteful or vengeful attitude; a grudge; dislike.

ill-equipped more ill-equipped most ill-equipped adj
mal outillé
Not well equipped; lacking important resources and supplies.

ill-gotten adj
mal acquis
Obtained improperly or illegally.

ill-gotten gains n
argent sale
Money or other property acquired dishonestly.

ill-gotten gains never prosper proverb
bien mal acquis ne profite jamais

ill-mannered more ill-mannered most ill-mannered adj
mal élevé malappris
Having bad manners; impolite.

ill-omened more ill-omened most ill-omened adj
de mauvais augure
Having a bad omen; inauspicious; unlucky.

ill-treatment n
maltraitance
bad, unkind or abusive treatment

illation /əˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ illations n
illation
The act of inferring or concluding, especially from a set of premises; a conclusion, a deduction.

illative /ɪˈleɪtɪv/ illatives n
illatif
(grammar) The illative case, or a word in that case.

illative case illative cases n
illatif
(grammar) A case used to indicate movement into something; for example, into the house.

illegal /ɪˈli.ɡəl/ /ɪˈliːɡəl/ [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ] more illegal most illegal adj
illégal
Contrary to or forbidden by law, especially criminal law.
Forbidden by established rules.

illegal /ɪˈli.ɡəl/ /ɪˈliːɡəl/ [ɪɫˈli.ɡəɫ] illegals n
clandestin immigrant illégal immigrante illégale sans-papiers
(colloquial, offensive) An illegal immigrant.

illegal combatant illegal combatants n
combattant illégal
A person who engages in combat without meeting the requirements for a lawful belligerent according to the laws of war as specified in the Third Geneva Convention.

illegality illegalities n
illégalité
(law) the state of being illegal

illegalization illegalizations n
illégalisation

illegalize /ɪˈliːɡəlʌɪz/ v
illégaliser

illegally /ɪˈliːɡəli/ more illegally most illegally adv
illégalement
In a manner contrary to law.

illegible /ɪˈlɛd͡ʒəbəl/ more illegible most illegible adj
illisible illégible indéchiffrable
Not clear enough to be read; unreadable; not legible or decipherable.

illegitimacy illegitimacies n
illégitimité
The state or condition of being illegitimate

illegitimate /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmeɪt/ /ɘlɘˈdʒɘtɘmɘt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmeɪt/ /ɪlɪˈd͡ʒɪtɪmət/ [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmeɪt] [ɪlɨˈd͡ʒɪɾəmɨt] more illegitimate most illegitimate adj
illégitime
Not in accordance with the law.
Not authorized by good usage; not genuine.

illeism /ˈɪliɪzəm/ /ˈɪliːɪzəm/ illeisms n
illéisme
(often, linguistics) The practice of (excessively) referring to oneself in the third person.

illiberal more illiberal most illiberal adj
illibérale
Restricting or failing to sufficiently promote individual choice and freedom.
intolérant
Narrow-minded; bigoted.
ladre
(archaic) Ungenerous, stingy.

illiberalism illiberalisms n
illibéralisme
The principle, state or quality of being illiberal.

illicit /ɪˈlɪsɪt/ more illicit most illicit adj
illicite
Breaking social norms.
Unlawful.

illiquid /ɪˈlɪkwɪd/ more illiquid most illiquid adj
illiquide
(finance) Lacking liquidity; unable to be converted into cash.

illiquidity /ˌɪlɪˈkwɪdɪti/ illiquidities n
illiquidité
(economics) The condition of being illiquid; a lack of liquidity; difficulty in selling out an asset

illite illites n
illite
(mineral) A micaceous phyllosilicate clay mineral with aggregates of grey or white monoclinic crystals.

illiteracy /ɪˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ɪˈlɪt͡ʃɹəsi/ illiteracies n
analphabétisme illettrisme illittérature
(uncountable) The inability to read and write.

illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ /ɪˈlɪtɹət/ more illiterate most illiterate adj
analphabète illettré illettrée
Unable to read and write.
analphabète
Having less than an expected standard of familiarity with language and literature, or having little formal education.

illiterate /ɪˈlɪtəɹət/ /ɪˈlɪtɹət/ illiterates n
analphabète illettré illettrée
An illiterate person, one either not able to read and write or not knowing how.

illness /ˈɪl.nəs/ illnesses n
maladie
(countable) An instance of a disease or poor health.
(uncountable) A state of bad health or disease.

illocution illocutions n
illocution
(linguistics) The aim of a speaker in making an utterance as opposed to the meaning of the terms used.

illocutionary adj
illocutoire
(linguistics) Of, pertaining to, or deriving from illocution, the performance of acts by speaking.

illogical more illogical most illogical adj
illogique
Contrary to logic; lacking sense or sound reasoning.

illogically more illogically most illogically adv
illogiquement
In an illogical manner, without following methods of sane and correct reasoning, in a manner lacking thought or logic.

illuminate /ɪˈl(j)uməneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪneɪt/ /ɪˈl(j)umɪnət/ v
illuminer
(transitive) To shine light on something.
(transitive) To decorate something with lights.

illumination /ɪˌl(j)umɪˈneɪʃən/ /ɪˌlumɪˈneɪʃən/ illuminations n
illumination
The act of illuminating, or supplying with light; the state of being illuminated.
enluminure
Adornment of books and manuscripts with colored illustrations. See illuminate (transitive verb).

illusion /ɪˈl(j)uːzj(ə)n/ /ɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/ [ɪˈluː.ʒən] illusions n
illusion
(countable) Anything that seems to be something that it is not.
(countable) A misapprehension; a belief in something that is in fact not true.
(countable) A magician’s trick.

illusionist illusionists n
illusionniste
One who works with illusion or sleight of hand.

illusory /ɪˈluːs(ə)ɹi/ /ɪˈluːz(ə)ɹi/ more illusory most illusory adj
illusoire
Resulting from an illusion; deceptive, imaginary, unreal.

illustrate /ɪˈlasˌtɹæɪt/ /ɪˈlʌsˌtɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jəˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.jʊˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹeɪt/ /ˈɪl.əˌstɹæɪt/ v
illustrer
(figurative) To clarify something by giving, or serving as, an example or a comparison.
To provide a book or other publication with pictures, diagrams or other explanatory or decorative features.

illustration /ˌɪl.əˈstɹeɪ.ʃən/ illustrations n
illustration représentation
Something which illustrates; a comparison or example intended to make clear or apprehensible, or to remove obscurity.
illustration
A picture designed to decorate a publication, or elucidate a literary work.

illustrator /ˈɪləˌstɹeɪtəɹ/ illustrators n
illustrateur illustratrice
a person who draws pictures (especially illustrations in books or magazines)

illustrious /-ˈləs-/ /ɪˈlʌs.tɹi.əs/ /ɪˈlʌs.tɹɪ.əs/ more illustrious most illustrious adj
illustre
Admired, distinguished, respected, or well-known. [from mid 16th c.]

ilmenite ilmenites n
ilménite
(mineral) A weakly magnetic dark gray mineral found in metamorphic and igneous rocks; it is a mixed oxide of iron and titanium, FeTiO3

ilvaite ilvaites n
ilvaïte

image /ˈɪmɪd͡ʒ/ images n
image
An optical or other representation of a real object; a graphic; a picture.

image processing n
traitement d'images
Any form of information processing whose input and output are both images, such as photographs or frames of video.

imaginable /-nəbəl/ /ɪˈmadʒnəbəl/ /ɪˈmadʒɪnəbəl/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒnəbəl/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəbəl/ more imaginable most imaginable adj
imaginable
Able to be imagined; conceivable

imaginary /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnəɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnɹi/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪˌnɛɹi/ more imaginary most imaginary adj
imaginaire
Existing only in the imagination.
(mathematics, of a number) Having no real part; that part of a complex number which is a multiple of \sqrt{-1} (called imaginary unit).

imaginary axis imaginary axes n
axe imaginaire
(mathematics) The vertical line in the complex plane, every point on which corresponds to a complex number having zero real component

imaginary number imaginary numbers n
nombre imaginaire pur nombre imaginaire
(complex analysis, strict sense) A number of the form bi, where b is any real number and i denotes the imaginary unit.
nombre imaginaire
(complex analysis, broad sense) A number of the form a + bi, where a and b are real numbers and b is nonzero.

imaginary part imaginary parts n
partie imaginaire
(complex analysis) Of a complex number a + bi, where a and b are real numbers, the value b.

imaginary unit imaginary units n
unité imaginaire
(number theory, complex analysis, quaternion theory) An imaginary number (in the case of complex numbers, usually denoted i) that is defined as a solution to the equation x^2 = -1.

imagination /ɪˌmæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/ imaginations n
imagination
The image-making power of the mind; the act of mentally creating or reproducing an object not previously perceived; the ability to create such images.
Particularly, construction of false images; fantasizing.
A mental image formed by the action of the imagination as a faculty; something imagined.

imaginative /-ənətɪv/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒnətɪv/ /ɪˈmæd͡ʒɪnətɪv/ more imaginative most imaginative adj
imaginatif
Having a lively or creative imagination.
Tending to be fanciful or inventive.
imaginaire
False or imagined.

imagine /ɪˈmæ.d͡ʒɪn/ v
imaginer
(transitive) To form a mental image of something; to envision or create something in one's mind.
(transitive) to use one's imagination
(transitive, obsolete) To contrive in purpose; to scheme; to devise.

imam /ɪˈmɑːm/ /ˈiːmɑːm/ imams n
imam
(usually capitalized) A Shi'ite Muslim leader descended from the prophet Muhammad and functioning as his spiritual successor.

imamate imamates n
imamat
(Islam) The office or jurisdiction of an imam.

imbalance imbalances n
déséquilibre
The property of not being in balance.

imbecile /ɪmbəˈsiːl/ /ˈɪmbəsəl/ /ˈɪmbəsɪl/ imbeciles n
imbécile
(obsolete) A person with limited mental capacity who can perform tasks and think only like a young child, in medical circles meaning a person who lacks the capacity to develop beyond the mental age of a normal five- to seven-year-old child.
(pejorative) A fool, an idiot.

imbecility imbecilities n
imbécilité
The quality of being imbecile; weakness; feebleness, especially of mind.

imbibe /ɪmˈbaɪb/ v
boire
To drink (used frequently of alcoholic beverages).
absorber
(figuratively) To take in; absorb.

imbricate v
imbriquer
(transitive, _, or, _, intransitive) To overlap in a regular pattern.

imbroglio /ɪmˈbɹoʊljoʊ/ /ɪmˈbɹəʊljəʊ/ imbrogli imbroglios n
embrouille sac de nœuds
A complicated situation; an entanglement.

imbue /ɪmˈbjuː/ v
imprégner
(transitive) To wet or stain an object completely with some physical quality.
In general, to act in a way which results in an object becoming completely permeated or impregnated by some quality.

iminodiethanol n
iminodiéthanol
(organic compound) The compound diethanolamine.

imitable more imitable most imitable adj
imitable

imitate /ˈɪmɪteɪt/ v
imiter
To follow as a model or a pattern; to make a copy, counterpart or semblance of.

imitation /ɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ imitations n
imitation
The act of imitating.
(attributive) A copy or simulation; something that is not the real thing.

imitator imitators n
imitateur
A person who imitates or apes another.

immaculate /ɪˈmækjələt/ /ɪˈmækjʊlət/ more immaculate most immaculate adj
immaculé acribique recherché soigné
Having no blemish or stain; absolutely clean and tidy.
immaculé
(Roman Catholicism) Of the Virgin Mary or her womb: pure, undefiled.

immaterial /ˌɪ.məˈti.ɹi.əl/ /ˌɪ.məˈtɪ.ɹi.əl/ /ˌɪ.məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ more immaterial most immaterial adj
immatériel
Having no matter or substance; incorporeal.

immateriality immaterialities n
immatérialité
The state of being immaterial.

immature /ɪməˈtjʊə(ɹ)/ /ɪməˈt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ɪməˈt͡ʃʊə(ɹ)/ immaturer immaturest adj
immature vert
Not fully formed or developed; not grown. [from 17th c.]
immature
Childish in behavior; juvenile. [from 20th c.]

immaturity /ɪməˈt͡ʃʊɹɪti/ immaturities n
immaturité
Youth; the condition of being immature or not fully grown

immeasurable /ɪˈmɛʒəɹəbəl/ /ɪˈmɛʒɹəbəl/ more immeasurable most immeasurable adj
incommensurable
vast

immeasurably adv
incommensurablement
in a manner that is not measurable, in a way that can not be measured

immediate /ɪˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪˈmi.di.ɪt/ /ɪˈmiːdɪət/ /ɪˈmiːdʒət/ more immediate most immediate adj
immédiat
Happening right away, instantly, with no delay.
immédiat proche
Very close; direct or adjacent.

immediate family immediate families n
foyer
A family unit consisting of a parent or parents and their children.

immediately /əˈmiːdi.ətli/ /əˈmiːdʒətli/ /ɪˈmiːdi.ətli/ /ɪˈmiːdʒətli/ adv
immédiatement tout de suite aussitôt
In an immediate manner; instantly or without delay.

immemorable more immemorable most immemorable adj
immémorable
That cannot be remembered or has been forgotten.

immemorial /ɪ.məˈmɔːɹi.əl/ adj
immémorial
(postpositive) That is beyond memory; ancient.

immense /ɪˈmɛns/ immenser immensest adj
immense
Huge, gigantic, very large.

immerse /ɪˈmɜːs/ /ɪˈmɝs/ v
immerger
(transitive) To place within a fluid (generally a liquid, but also a gas).
(transitive) To involve or engage deeply.

immersed more immersed most immersed adj
immergé
Under the surface of a liquid; sunk.
Deeply involved.

immersion /ɪˈmɝʒən/ immersions n
immersion
The act of immersing or the condition of being immersed.
(astronomy) The disappearance of a celestial body, by passing either behind another, as in the occultation of a star, or into its shadow, as in the eclipse of a satellite.

immersion heater immersion heaters n
thermoplongeur
A device for supplying domestic hot water in which a thermostatically-controlled heating element is immersed within a tank of water

immersive more immersive most immersive adj
immersif
Tending to immerse.
Giving the impression of immersion.

immigrant /ˈɪmɪɡɹənt/ immigrants n
immigrant immigré immigrante immigrée
A non-native person who comes to a country from another country to permanently settle there.

immigrate /ˈɪmɪɡɹeɪt/ v
immigrer
(intransitive) To move into a foreign country to stay permanently.

immigration /ɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃn/ /ˌɪmɪˈɡɹeɪʃən/ immigrations n
immigration
The act of immigrating; the passing or coming into a country of which one is not native born for the purpose of permanent residence.

imminence imminences n
imminence
The state or condition of being about to happen; imminent quality.

imminent /ˈɪmənənt/ /ˈɪmɪnənt/ more imminent most imminent adj
imminent
About to happen, occur, or take place very soon, especially of something which won't last long.

imminently more imminently most imminently adv
imminemment
In an imminent manner; liable to happen immediately or very soon.

immiscible more immiscible most immiscible adj
immiscible
(physics) Of two or more liquids that are not mutually soluble: unmixable.

immiserization /ɪˌmɪzəɹaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɪˌmɪzəɹaɪˈzeɪʃən/ immiserizations n
paupérisation
The process of making miserable or poor, especially of a population as a whole; impoverishment, pauperization.

immission /ɪˈmɪʃən/ immissions n
immission
The act of immitting; injection or infusion.

immobile /ɪˈmoʊ.bəl/ /ɪˈmɒ.bɪl/ /ɪˈməʊ.baɪl/ immobiles n
immobile
One who does not or cannot move (e.g. to travel or live elsewhere).

immobilism immobilisms n
immobilisme
political or economic inactivity, often a result of ultraconservative policies

immobility immobilities n
immobilité
The quality of not moving.

immobilization immobilizations n
immobilisation
The act or process of preventing a thing from moving.

immobilize v
immobiliser
To render motionless; to stop moving or stop from moving.

immodest /ɪˈmɑdəst/ more immodest most immodest adj
immodeste
Without customary restraint or modesty of expression; shameless.

immodestly more immodestly most immodestly adv
immodestement
In an immodest manner.

immodesty immodesties n
immodestie
The state of being immodest; a lack of modesty.

immolate /ˈɪm.ə.leɪt/ /ˈɪm.əʊ.leɪt/ v
immoler sacrifier
To kill as a sacrifice.
immoler
To kill or destroy, especially by fire.

immolation immolations n
immolation
The act of immolating, or the state of being immolated, or sacrificed.

immoral /ɪˈmɒɹəl/ /ɪˈmɔɹəl/ more immoral most immoral adj
immoral
Breaching principles of natural law, rectitude, or justice, and so inconsistent with the demands of virtue, purity, or "good morals"; not right, not moral. (Compare unethical, illegal.)

immorality /ɪmɔːˈɹælɪti/ /ɪməˈɹælɪti/ immoralities n
immoralité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being immoral; vice.

immortal /ɪˈmɔɹtəl/ /ɪˈmɔːtəl/ adj
immortel
Not susceptible to death; living forever; never dying.
inoubliable immortel
Never to be forgotten; that merits being always remembered.

immortal /ɪˈmɔɹtəl/ /ɪˈmɔːtəl/ immortals n
immortel
One who is not susceptible to death.

immortalise /ɪ.ˈmɔː(ɹ).tə.ˌlaɪz/ v
immortaliser
To give unending life to, to make immortal.
To make eternally famous.

immortality /ˌɪmɔːɹˈtæləti/ /ˌɪmɔːˈtæləti/ immortalities n
immortalité
(religion, mythology, biology) The condition of being immortal.

immovable /ɪˈmuːvəb(ə)l/ immovables n
immeuble
that which can not be moved; something which is immovable

immune /ɪˈmjuːn/ more immune most immune adj
immun
(medicine, usually with "to") Protected by inoculation, or due to innate resistance to pathogens.
immunitaire immunologique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to the immune system.

immune complex immune complexes n
complexe immun
(biochemistry, immunology) A molecule formed from the integral binding of an antibody to a soluble antigen; an antigen-antibody complex.

immune system immune systems n
système immunitaire
(anatomy, immunology) The system that differentiates self from non-self and protects the body from foreign substances and pathogenic organisms by producing an immune response. It includes organs such as the thymus, the spleen and lymph nodes; tissue such as bone marrow, and lymphoid tissues such as the tonsils; cells such as lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and cell products such as antibodies.

immunity /ɪˈmjuːnəti/ immunities n
immunité
(uncountable) The state of being insusceptible to something; notably:
(law) An exemption from prosecution.
(countable) A resistance to a specific thing.

immunize v
immuniser
(transitive) To make someone or something immune to something.
(transitive) To inoculate someone, and thus produce immunity from a disease.

immuno- prefix
immuno-
Relating to the immune systems and processes in a living organism.

immunobiological adj
immunobiologique

immunobiology n
immunobiologie

immunochemistry /ˌɪˌmjuːnoʊˈkɛmɪstri/ /ˌɪˌmjuːnəʊˈkɛmɪstri/ n
immunochimie
(chemistry, immunology) The study of the structure of antibody molecules (immunoglobulins) and of their ability to bind with antigens of diverse chemical structure.

immunocompromised adj
immunodéprimé
(immunology) Having an immune system that has been impaired by disease or treatment.

immunocytochemistry n
immunocytochimie
(immunology, chemistry) The field of study that encompasses immunochemistry and cytochemistry

immunodeficiency /ɪˌmjuːnəʊdɪˈfɪʃənsi/ immunodeficiencies n
immunodéficience
A depletion in the body's natural immune system, or in some component of it.

immunoglobulin immunoglobulins n
immunoglobuline
(protein, immunology) Any of the glycoproteins in blood serum that respond to invasion by foreign antigens and that protect the host by removing pathogens; an antibody.

immunological adj
immunologique
Of or relating to immunology.

immunologist immunologists n
immunologiste
A person who studies or practices medicine in the area of immunology.

immunology immunologies n
immunologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that concerns the body's immune system.

immunosuppressive more immunosuppressive most immunosuppressive adj
immunosuppresseur
(pharmaceutical effect, immunology) Having the capability to suppress the immune system, capable of immunosuppression.

immunotherapy immunotherapies n
immunothérapie
(immunology) The treatment of disease (especially cancers and autoimmune diseases) by adjusting the body's immune response.
(immunology, oncology) The treatment of cancer by improving the ability of the host to reject a tumour immunologically: cancer immunotherapy.

immure /ɪˈmjʊə(ɹ)/ v
emmurer
(transitive) To cloister, confine, imprison or hole up: to lock someone up or seclude oneself behind walls.

immurement immurements n
emmurement
Capital punishment, human sacrifice or life imprisonment by entombing for life or sealing behind walls.

immutability immutabilities n
immuabilité
The state or quality of being immutable; immutableness.

immutable adj
immuable
Unable to be changed without exception.

imp /ɪmp/ imps n
diablotin lutin
(chiefly, fiction, and, mythology) A small, mischievous sprite or a malevolent supernatural creature, somewhat comparable to a demon but smaller and less powerful, formerly regarded as the child of the devil or a demon (see sense 3.2). [from 16th c.]

impact /ɪmˈpækt/ /ˈɪmpækt/ impacts n
impact collision choc
The force or energy of a collision of two objects.
impact
(figurative, proscribed) A significant or strong influence or effect.

impact /ɪmˈpækt/ /ˈɪmpækt/ v
affecter toucher
(transitive) To compress; to compact; to press into something or pack together.

impact crater impact craters n
cratère d'impact
(geology, astronomy) A crater formed from a hypervelocity impact, typically of a meteorite, as opposed to one formed by other means such as vulcanism.

impact driver n
pilote d'impact
a tool that delivers a strong force and forward thrust when struck on the back with a hammer

impacted more impacted most impacted adj
enclavée incluse
(dentistry) Of a tooth, subject to dental impaction.

impaction /ɪmˈpækʃən/ impactions n
enclavement inclusion
(dentistry) Failure of a tooth to erupt into the dental arch, because of adjacent teeth, dense overlying bone, excessive soft tissue, or other factor.

impair /ɪmˈpeə(ɹ)/ /ɪmˈpeː(ɹ)/ /ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)/ /ɪmˈpɛɹ/ /ɪmˈpɛː(ɹ)/ v
abîmer affaiblir affecter altérer détériorer impacter
(transitive) To weaken; to affect negatively; to have a diminishing effect on.

impaired adj
détérioré diminué affaibli
Rendered less effective.

impairment /ɪmˈpɛə(ɹ)mənt/ impairments n
handicap
The result of being impaired

impala /ɪmˈpɑːlə/ impala impalas n
impala
An African antelope, Aepyceros melampus, noted for its leaping ability; the male has ridged, curved horns.

impale /ɪmˈpeɪl/ v
empaler
(transitive) To pierce (something) with any long, pointed object.
(ambitransitive) To pierce with a pale; to put to death by fixing on a sharp stake.

impalement impalements n
empalement
The act of torturing or executing someone by impaling them on a sharp stake.

impalpable more impalpable most impalpable adj
impalpable
Not able to be perceived by the senses (especially by touch); intangible or insubstantial; not easily grasped or understood.

impart /ɪmˈpɑɹt/ /ɪmˈpɑːt/ v
transmettre communiquer donner
(transitive) To obtain a share of; to partake of.

impartial /ɪmˈpɑɹ.ʃəl/ more impartial most impartial adj
impartial
treating all parties, rivals, or disputants equally; not partial; not biased

impartiality impartialities n
impartialité
The quality of being impartial; fairness.

impassive /ɪmˈpæsɪv/ more impassive most impassive adj
impassible
Having, or revealing, no emotion.

impatience /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/ impatiences n
impatience
The quality of being impatient; lacking patience; restlessness and intolerance of delays; anxiety and eagerness, especially to begin something.

impatient /ɪmˈpeɪʃənt/ more impatient most impatient adj
impatient
Restless and intolerant of delays.
Anxious and eager, especially to begin or have something.

impatiently /ɪmˈpeɪʃəntli/ more impatiently most impatiently adv
impatiemment
In an impatient manner.

impeach /ɪmˈpiːt͡ʃ/ v
discréditer empêcher entraver
To charge with impropriety; to discredit; to call into question.

impeachment /ɪmˈpiːt͡ʃ.mənt/ impeachments n
impeachment destitution
(countable, law, chiefly, US) The act of impeaching or charging a public official with misconduct, especially if serious, often with the aim of having the official dismissed from office.

impearl v
emperler
(transitive, poetic) To decorate as if with pearls.

impeccable /ɪmˈpɛkəbəl/ more impeccable most impeccable adj
impeccable
Perfect, without faults, flaws or errors
Incapable of wrongdoing or sin; immaculate

impeccably /ɪmˈpɛk.ə.bli/ more impeccably most impeccably adv
impeccablement
In a perfect or flawless manner.

impecuniosity impecuniosities n
impécuniosité
The state of being impecunious; impecuniousness

impecunious /ˌɪm.pəˈkjuː.ni.əs/ /ˌɪm.pɪˈkjuː.ni.əs/ adj
impécunieux
Lacking money. [from 1596]

impedance /ɪmˈpiːdn̩s/ impedances n
impédance
(physics) A measure of the opposition to the flow of an alternating current in a circuit; the aggregation of its resistance, and inductive and capacitive reactances; the ratio of voltage to current treated as complex quantities.

impede /ɪmˈpiːd/ v
entraver
(transitive) To get in the way of; to hinder.

impediment /ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/ impediments n
entrave empêchement irritant
A hindrance; that which impedes or obstructs progress.

impel /ɪmˈpɛl/ v
inciter motiver pousser
(transitive) To urge a person; to press on; to incite to action or motion via intrinsic motivation.
pousser propulser éjecter
(transitive) To drive forward; to propel an object, to provide an impetus for motion or action.

impending /ɪmˈpɛndɪŋ/ adj
imminent
Approaching; drawing near; about to happen or expected to happen.

impenetrable /ɪmˈpɛnətɹəbəl/ /ɪmˈpɛnɪtɹəbəl/ impenetrables n
impénétrable
A person not openly given to friendship.

imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ more imperative most imperative adj
impératif essentiel indispensable
Essential; crucial; extremely important.
impératif
(grammar) Of, or relating to the imperative mood.

imperative /ɪmˈpɛɹ.ə.tɪv/ imperatives n
impératif
(countable) An essential action, a must: something which is imperative.

imperative mood imperative moods n
impératif
(grammar) The grammatical mood generally expressing a command, though also used to express a request or permission.

imperatively more imperatively most imperatively adv
impérativement
In an imperative manner.

imperceptible more imperceptible most imperceptible adj
imperceptible
not perceptible, not detectable, too small in magnitude to be observed

imperceptibly more imperceptibly most imperceptibly adv
imperceptiblement
Not noticeably; too small to be detected; too little to be perceived.

imperfect /ɪmpə(ɹ)ˈfɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɛkt/ /ɪmˈpɜː(ɹ)fɪkt/ imperfects n
imparfait
(grammar) a tense of verbs used in describing a past action that is incomplete or continuous

imperfective adj
imperfectif
Of, relating to or having the properties of the imperfective aspect.

imperfective aspect n
imperfectif
(grammar) A feature of a verb which denotes that its action or condition does not have a fixed temporal boundary, but is habitual, unfinished, continuous, repetitive or in progress.

imperfectly more imperfectly most imperfectly adv
imparfaitement
In an imperfect manner or degree; not fully or completely.

imperial /ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.əl/ /ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.əl/ more imperial most imperial adj
impérial
Related to an empire, emperor, or empress.
Relating to the British imperial system of measurement.
Of special, superior, or unusual size or excellence.
royal
Very grand or fine.

imperialism [ɪmˈpɪə.ɹi.ə.lɪ.zm̩] [ɪmˈpɪɹ.i.ə.lɪ.zm̩] imperialisms n
impérialisme
The policy of forcefully extending a nation's authority by territorial gain or by the establishment of economic and political dominance over other nations.

imperialist /ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪst/ more imperialist most imperialist adj
impérialiste
Of, or relating to imperialism.

imperialist /ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪst/ imperialists n
impérialiste
An advocate of imperialism.

imperialistic /ɪmˌpɪəɹi.əlˈɪstɪk/ /ɪmˌpɪɹi.əˈlɪstɪk/ more imperialistic most imperialistic adj
impérialiste
Of or pertaining to imperialism or imperialists; favoring imperialism.

imperil /ɪmˈpɛɹəl/ v
compromettre menacer
(transitive) To put into peril; to place in danger.
risquer
(transitive) To risk or hazard.

imperious /ɪmˈpɪəɹi.əs/ /ɪmˈpɪɹi.əs/ adj
impérieux
Domineering, arrogant, or overbearing.

imperiously more imperiously most imperiously adv
impérieusement
In an imperious manner; in the style of an emperor.

imperishable adj
impérissable
not perishable; not subject to decay; enduring permanently

impermeability /ɪmˌpɜːmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ /ɪmˌpɝmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ impermeabilities n
imperméabilité
the quality of being impermeable

impermeable /ɪmˈpɜːrmɪəbəl/ more impermeable most impermeable adj
imperméable
Impossible to permeate.
Not allowing passage, especially of liquids; waterproof.

impersonal /ɪmˈpɜː.sn̩.ɫ̩/ /ɪmˈpɝsənəl/ more impersonal most impersonal adj
impersonnel
Not personal; not representing a person; not having personality.
Lacking warmth or emotion; cold.
(grammar, of a verb or other word) Not having a subject, or having a third person pronoun without an antecedent.

impersonally more impersonally most impersonally adv
impersonnellement
In an impersonal manner.

impersonate /ɪmˈpɜːsəneɪt/ v
imiter
(transitive) To pretend to be (a different person); to assume the identity of.

impersonator impersonators n
imposteur
One who fraudulently impersonates another person.
imitateur
An entertainer whose act is based upon performing impressions of others.

imperturbability n
imperturbabilité
A state of calm, unruffled self-assurance; aplomb, composure.

imperturbable /ˌɪmpəˈtɜːbəbəl/ /ˌɪmpɚˈtɝbəbəl/ more imperturbable most imperturbable adj
imperturbable
Not easily perturbed, upset or excited.

impervious /ɪmˈpɜːvi.əs/ /ɪmˈpɝ.vi.əs/ more impervious most impervious adj
immunisé insensible
Unaffected or unable to be affected by something.
imperméable impénétrable
Preventive of any penetration; impenetrable, impermeable, particularly of water.
insensible intouchable
Immune to damage or effect.

impetigo /ɪmpəˈtaɪɡoʊ/ /ɪmpɪˈtaɪɡəʊ/ impetigines impetigoes impetigos n
impétigo gourme
(pathology) A contagious bacterial skin disease forming pustules and yellow crusty sores, chiefly on the face and hands. It is common in children and infection is often through cuts or insect bites.

impetuous /imˈpɛt͡ʃuəs/ more impetuous most impetuous adj
impulsif irréfléchi
Making arbitrary decisions, especially in an impulsive and forceful manner.
impétueux brusque brutal violent
Characterized by sudden violence or vehemence.

impetus /ˈɪm.pə.təs/ impetuses n
élan
A force, either internal or external, that impels; an impulse.

impiety impieties n
impiété
(uncountable) The state of being impious.

impinge /ɪmˈpɪnd͡ʒ/ v
butter cogner toucher
(intransitive, rarely, transitive) To make a physical impact on.
influencer troubler
(intransitive, rarely, transitive, figuratively) To interfere with.
agir sur
(intransitive, figuratively) To have an effect upon, especially a negative one.

impious /ɪmˈpaɪəs/ /ˈɪmpi.əs/ more impious most impious adj
impie
Not pious.
Lacking reverence or respect, especially towards a god.

impish /ˈɪmpɪʃ/ more impish most impish adj
espiègle malicieux mutin
mischievous; of or befitting an imp.

implacability implacabilities n
implacabilité
The quality or state of being implacable.

implacable /-ˈpleɪ-/ /ɪmˈplækəb(ə)l/ /ɪmˈplækəbəl/ more implacable most implacable adj
implacable irréductible
Impossible to prevent or stop; inexorable, unrelenting, unstoppable.

implant /ɪmˈplænt/ /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmˌplænt/ implants n
implant
(medicine) Anything surgically implanted in the body, such as a tissue graft or prosthesis, particularly breast implants.

implant /ɪmˈplænt/ /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmplɑːnt/ /ˈɪmˌplænt/ v
implant
(transitive) To insert (something) surgically into the body.

implantable more implantable most implantable adj
implantable
Capable of being, or designed to be, implanted (within the body etc.)

implantation /ɪmplɑːnˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ implantations n
implantation
(embryology) The attachment of the fertilized ovum to the uterus wall.
(physics) The insertion of ions into the crystal structure of another material through ion bombardment.

implantation bleeding n
saignement d'implantation

implantology n
implantologie
The science of or techniques involved in dental implants.

implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ /ˈɪmpləmɛnt/ implements n
instrument
A tool or instrument for working with.

implement /ˈɪmpləmənt/ /ˈɪmpləmɛnt/ v
implémenter appliquer exécuter établir
To bring about; to put into practice; to carry out.

implementation /ˌɪmpləmənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɪmpləmɛnˈteɪʃən/ /ˌɪmplɪmənˈteɪʃn/ implementations n
mise en œuvre
The process of moving an idea from concept to reality. In business, engineering and other fields, implementation refers to the building process rather than the design process.
implémentation
(electronics) A result of implementing something; a finished product, system or device.

implicate /ˈɪmplɪkeɪt/ /ˈɪmplɪkət/ v
impliquer
(transitive, with “in”) To show to be connected or involved in an unfavorable or criminal way.
(transitive, nonstandard) To imply, to have as a necessary consequence or accompaniment.

implication /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/ implications n
implication
Logical consequence.

implicature /ɪmˈplɪkət͡ʃə/ /ɪmˈplɪkət͡ʃɚ/ implicatures n
implicature
(pragmatics) An implied meaning that does not semantically entail.

implicit /ɪmˈplɪsɪt/ adj
implicite tacite
Implied indirectly, without being directly expressed
inhérent
Contained in the essential nature of something but not openly shown
absolu aveugle
Having no reservations or doubts; unquestioning or unconditional; usually said of faith or trust.

implicit function implicit functions n
fonction implicite
(analysis, algebraic geometry) A function defined by a (multivariable) implicit equation when one of the variables is regarded as the value of the function, especially where said equation is such that the value is not directly calculable from the other variables.

implicitly more implicitly most implicitly adv
implicitement
In an implicit or implied manner.

implied /ɪmˈplaɪd/ more implied most implied adj
sous-entendu implicite
Suggested without being stated directly; implicated or hinted at.

implode v
imploser
(transitive) To cause to collapse or burst inward violently.

implosion /ɪmˈpləʊʒən/ implosions n
implosion
The action of imploding.

impluvium impluvia impluviums n
impluvium
(architecture) A low basin in the center of a household atrium, into which rainwater flowed down from the roof through the compluvium.

imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v
impliquer
(transitive, of a proposition) to have as a necessary consequence
(transitive, of a person) to suggest by logical inference
sous-entendre insinuer
(transitive, of a person or proposition) to hint; to insinuate; to suggest tacitly and avoid a direct statement

impolite /ɪmpəˈlaɪt/ impoliter impolitest more impolite most impolite adj
impoli malpoli
Not polite; not of polished manners; wanting in good manners.

impoliteness impolitenesses n
impolitesse
The state of being impolite; incivility; rudeness.

imporosity n
imporosité
The state or quality of being imporous; lack of porosity.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ imports n
importation
(countable) Something brought in from an exterior source, especially for sale or trade.
(uncountable) The practice of importing.
(countable, Philippines) A foreigner playing in a sports league.

import /ɪmˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɪmˈpoət/ /ɪmˈpɔɹt/ /ɪmˈpɔːt/ /ˈɪm.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈɪm.poət/ /ˈɪm.pɔɹt/ /ˈɪm.pɔːt/ v
importer
(transitive) To bring (something) in from a foreign country, especially for sale or trade.
(transitive) To load a file into a software application from another version or system.
compter importer
(intransitive) To be important; to be significant; to be of consequence.

importance /ɪmˈpɔɹtəns/ /ɪmˈpɔːtəns/ [-ʔn̩s] importances n
importance
The quality or condition of being important or worthy of note.
significance or prominence.

important /ɪm.ˈpo(ː)ɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpoə.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.dənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔɹ.tənt/ /ɪm.ˈpɔː.tənt/ [ɪmˈpʰɔɹʔn̩t] [ɪmˈpʰɔːtənt̚] [ɪmˈpʰɔːʔn̩ʔ] more important most important adj
important
Having relevant and crucial value; having import.

importer /ɪmˈpɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ importers n
importateur importatrice
One who, or that which, imports: especially a person or company importing goods into a country.

impose /ɪmˈpoʊz/ /ɪmˈpəʉz/ /ɪmˈpəʊz/ v
imposer
(transitive) To establish or apply by authority.
(intransitive) To be an inconvenience. (on or upon)

imposing /ɪmˈpoʊzɪŋ/ /ɪmˈpəʊzɪŋ/ more imposing most imposing adj
imposant impressionnant
Magnificent and impressive because of appearance, size, stateliness or dignity.

impossibility /ɪmˌpɑsɪˈbɪliti/ /ɪmˌpɒsɪˈbɪliti/ impossibilities n
impossibilité
Something that is impossible.
(uncountable) The quality of being impossible.

impossible /ɪmˈpɑ.sə.bl̩/ /ɪmˈpɒs.ə.bəl/ /ɪmˈpɒs.ɪ.bəl/ adj
impossible
Not possible; not able to be done or happen.
impossible insupportable
(colloquial, of a person) Very difficult to deal with.

impossibly more impossibly most impossibly adv
impossiblement
Not possibly; in an impossible manner.
To the point of impossibility.
incroyablement
Contrary to what had been thought possible.

impostor /ɪmˈpɑstɚ/ /ɪmˈpɒstə/ impostors n
imposteur imposteuse
Someone who attempts to deceive by using an assumed name or identity.

impostor syndrome /-dɹəm/ /ɪmˈpɑstɚ ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ɪmˈpɒstə ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ impostor syndromes n
syndrome de l'autodidacte syndrome de l'imposteur
(psychology) A psychological phenomenon in which a person is unable to internalize his or her accomplishments, remaining convinced that he or she does not deserve any accompanying success.

impotence /ˈɪmpətəns/ impotences n
impuissance
Powerlessness; incapacity.
Inability to copulate or beget children; sterility, erectile dysfunction, etc.

impotent /ˈɪm.pə.tənt/ /ˈɪm.pə.tɪnt/ more impotent most impotent adj
impuissant
lacking physical strength or vigor; weak

impound /ɪmˈpaʊ̯nd/ /ˈɪmpaʊ̯nd/ v
confisquer
(transitive, law) To hold in the custody of a court or its delegate.

impoverish /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)rɪʃ/ v
appauvrir
(transitive) To make poor.
(transitive) To weaken in quality; to deprive of some strength or richness.
(intransitive) To become poor.

impoverished /ɪmˈpɑvəɹɪʃt/ /ɪmˈpɒv(ə)ɹɪʃt/ more impoverished most impoverished adj
appauvri
Reduced to poverty.
Having lost a component, an ingredient, a faculty or a feature; rendered poor in something; depleted.

impracticable /ɪmˈpɹaktɪkəb(ə)l/ more impracticable most impracticable adj
impraticable
not practicable; impossible or difficult in practice
impassable (of a passage or road)

impractical /ɪmˈpɹæktɪkəl/ more impractical most impractical adj
infaisable
not practical; impracticable

imprecation /ˌɪm.pɹəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ imprecations n
exécrer lancer des imprécations contre maudire
The act of imprecating, or invoking evil upon someone; a prayer that a curse or calamity may befall someone.
exécration imprécation malédiction
A curse.

imprecise /ɪmpɹəˈsaɪs/ /ɪmpɹɪˈsaɪs/ more imprecise most imprecise adj
imprécis
Not precise or exact; containing some error or uncertainty.

imprecisely more imprecisely most imprecisely adv
imprécisément
In an imprecise manner.

imprecision imprecisions n
imprécision
A lack of precision or exactness; poor accuracy.

impregnable /ɪmˈpɹɛɡ.nəˌb(ə)l/ more impregnable most impregnable adj
inattaquable
(military) Of a fortress or other fortified place: able to withstand all attacks; impenetrable, inconquerable, unvanquishable.
imprégnable
Capable of being impregnated; impregnatable.
impénétrable
(figuratively) Too strong to be defeated or overcome; invincible.

impregnatable more impregnatable most impregnatable adj
imprégnable
Which can be impregnated.

impregnate /ɪmˈpɹɛɡneɪt/ v
féconder inséminer
enceinter engrosser imprégner de mettre enceinte rendre enceinte
(transitive) To cause to become pregnant.
imbiber
(transitive) To fill pores or spaces with a substance.

impregnation /ɪmpɹɛɡˈneɪʃən/ impregnations n
fécondation imprégnation
The act of making pregnant; fertilization.
imprégnation
The fact or process of imbuing or saturating with something; diffusion of some element, idea etc. through a medium or substance.

impresario /ˌɪmprɪˈsɑːrɪəʊ/ impresari impresarios n
imprésario
A manager or producer in the entertainment industry, especially music or theatre.

imprescriptibility n
imprescriptibilité

impress /ɪmˈpɹɛs/ /ˈɪmpɹɛs/ v
impressionner
(transitive) To affect (someone) strongly and often favourably.

impressed /ɪmˈpɹɛst/ more impressed most impressed adj
impressionné
strongly affected, especially favourably

impression /ɪmˈpɹɛʃən/ impressions n
impression
The indentation or depression made by the pressure of one object on or into another.
The overall effect of something, e.g., on a person.
An outward appearance.

impressionable more impressionable most impressionable adj
impressionnable
Being easily influenced (especially of young people).

impressionism impressionisms n
impressionnisme
(arts) An art movement characterized by visible brushstrokes, ordinary subject matter, and an emphasis on light and its changing qualities.
(music genre) A style that avoided traditional harmony, and sought to invoke the impressions of the composer.
(poetry) A style that used imagery and symbolism to portray the poet's impressions.

impressionist impressionists n
impressionniste
One who adheres to the theory or method of impressionism.

impressive /ɪmˈpɹɛsɪv/ more impressive most impressive adj
impressionnant épatant
Making, or tending to make, a positive impression; having power to impress
impressionnable
Capable of being impressed.

imprimatur /ɪmprɪˈmɑtʊɹ/ /ɪmˈprɪmətɚ/ /ɪmˈprɪmətʊɹ/ /ɪmˈpɹɪmətə/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmeɪ.tə/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmeɪ.tɚ/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmeɪ.tʊə/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmɑ.tɚ/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmɑː.tə/ /ˌɪm.pɹɪˈmɑː.tʊə/ imprimantur imprimaturs n
imprimatur
(printing) An official license to publish or print something, especially when censorship applies.

imprint /ˈɪm.pɹɪnt/ imprints n
empreinte
An impression; the mark left behind by printing something.
ours pavé de l'ours
The name and details of a publisher or printer, as printed in a book etc.; a publishing house.

imprison /ɪmˈpɹɪzən/ v
emprisonner mettre en prison
(transitive) To put in or as if in prison; confine somebody against their will.

imprisonment /ɪmˈpɹɪzn̩.mənt/ imprisonments n
emprisonnement
A confinement in a place, especially a prison or a jail, as punishment for a crime.

improbable /ɪmˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ɪmˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more improbable most improbable adj
invraisemblable
Not likely to be true.
improbable
Not likely to happen.

improbably more improbably most improbably adv
improbablement invraisemblablement
In an improbable manner; without probability.

impromptu /ɪmˈpɹɑmpt(j)u/ /ɪmˈpɹɒmptju/ adj
impromptu
Improvised; without prior preparation, planning or rehearsal.

impromptu /ɪmˈpɹɑmpt(j)u/ /ɪmˈpɹɒmptju/ impromptus n
impromptu
(by extension) Any composition, musical or otherwise, that is created on the spot without preparation.

improper /ɪmˈpɹɑ.pɚ/ /ɪmˈpɹɒp.ə/ /ɪmˈpɹɔp.ə/ more improper most improper adj
inadapté inapproprié impropre
unsuitable to needs or circumstances; inappropriate; inapt
grossier impropre inconvenant
Not in keeping with conventional mores or good manners; indecent or immodest
impropre
Not properly named; See, for example, improper fraction

improv /ˈɪmpɹɑv/ /ˈɪmpɹɒv/ improvs n
impro
(informal) Improvisation.

improvable more improvable most improvable adj
améliorable perfectible
Capable of being improved.

improve /ɪmˈpɹuːv/ v
améliorer amender
(transitive) To make (something) better; to increase the value or productivity (of something).
améliorer
(obsolete) To disapprove of; to find fault with; to reprove; to censure.
(dated) To use or employ to good purpose; to turn to profitable account.

improved /ɪmˈpɹuːvd/ more improved most improved adj
amélioré
That has been made better; enhanced.

improvement /ɪmˈpɹuːvmənt/ improvements n
amélioration
The act of making profitable use or application of anything, or the state of being profitably employed; practical application, for example of a doctrine, principle, or theory, stated in a discourse.

improvisation /ɪmpɹəvaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪmˌpɹɑvəˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɪm-/ improvisations n
improvisation
The act or art of composing and making music, poetry, and the like, extemporaneously
That which is improvised; an impromptu.
Musical technique, characteristic of blues music.

improvise /ˈɪmpɹəvaɪz/ v
improviser
To make something up or invent it as one goes on; to proceed guided only by imagination, intuition, and guesswork rather than by a careful plan.

improvised adj
improvisé
Created by improvisation; impromptu; unrehearsed.

improvised explosive device improvised explosive devices n
dispositif explosif improvisé engin explosif de circonstance engin explosif improvisé
An unconventional or amateur explosive weapon made from nonmilitary components, especially one used by guerillas, commandos or terrorists.

imprudent /ɪmˈpɹudənt/ more imprudent most imprudent adj
imprudent
Not prudent; lacking prudence or discretion; indiscreet; injudicious; not paying attention to the consequences of one's actions.

imprudently more imprudently most imprudently adv
imprudemment
Without prudence; in an imprudent manner.

impudence /ˈɪmpjudəns/ /ˈɪmpjədəns/ impudences n
impudence
The quality of being impudent, not showing due respect.
Impudent language, conduct or behavior.

impudent /ˈɪmpjədn̩t/ /ˈɪmpjʊdənt/ impudenter impudentest more impudent most impudent adj
impertinent impudent
Not showing due respect; bold-faced, impertinent.

impudicity impudicities n
impudicité
(formal) Immodesty; shamelessness.

impugn /ɪmˈpjuːn/ v
attaquer
(transitive, obsolete) To assault, attack.
attaquer contester contredire
(transitive) To verbally assault, especially to argue against an opinion, motive, or action; to question the truth or validity of.

impulse /ˈɪmpʌls/ impulses n
impulsion
A thrust; a push; a sudden force that impels.
(physics) The integral of force over time.

impulse purchase impulse purchases n
achat compulsif
Something bought spontaneously, without planning or thought.

impulse response impulse responses n
réponse impulsionnelle
(signal processing) Output of a dynamic system when presented with a brief input signal.

impulsive /ɪmˈpʌlsɪv/ more impulsive most impulsive adj
impulsif
Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent.
Actuated by impulse or by transient feelings; inclined to make rapid decisions without due consideration.
(mechanics) Acting momentarily, or by impulse; not continuous – said of forces.

impulsively more impulsively most impulsively adv
impulsivement
In an impulsive manner; with force; by impulse.

impulsivity impulsivities n
impulsivité
The quality of being impulsive, impulsiveness; inclination to act on impulse rather than thought.

impunity /ɪmˈpjuːnɪti/ impunities n
impunité
(countable, legal) Exemption from punishment.
(uncountable) Freedom from punishment or retribution; security from any reprisal or injurious consequences of an action, behaviour etc.

impure /ɪmˈpjʊə(ɹ)/ more impure most impure adj
impur
Not pure

impure s n
s impur
In Italian, an /s/ followed by another consonant. When used immediately before a masculine noun beginning with an impure s, the definite article changes from il to lo in the singular and from i to gli in the plural, the indefinite article changes from un to uno, the partitive article changes from dei to degli, and some adjectives and pronouns also change form.This also happens before words beginning with gn, pn, ps, x, y, and z and before certain words starting with ch that are derived from French.

impurely more impurely most impurely adv
impurement
In an impure manner.

impurity /ɪmˈpjuɹɪti/ /ɪmˈpjɝɪti/ impurities n
impureté
The condition of being impure; because of contamination, pollution, adulteration or insufficient purification.

imputation /ˌɪm.pjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ imputations n
imputation
(theology) A setting of something to the account of; the attribution of personal guilt or personal righteousness of another.

impute /ɪmˈpjuːt/ v
imputer
(transitive) To attribute or ascribe (responsibility or fault) to a cause or source.

imputrescible more imputrescible most imputrescible adj
imputrescible

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ more in most in adj
in à la mode
In fashion; popular.
en approche
Incoming.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ adv
dedans à l'intérieur
Towards the speaker or other reference point.
After the beginning of something.
(in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ ins n
entrée
A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.

in /ɘn/ /ən/ /ɪn/ preposition
dans
At the end of (a period of time).
dans en
Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.
Surrounded by; among; amidst.
During (a period of time).
Into.
Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
en dans
Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
Pertaining to; with regard to.

in a hurry
en hâte pressé
(adjectival) Rushed, hurried; short of time.

in a manner of speaking
d'une certaine manière pour ainsi dire
As it were; figuratively speaking; in a manner, in a way, in a certain respect.

in a nutshell adv
en bref en résumé en un mot
(idiomatic) In summary; briefly or simply.

in a pinch
à la limite à la rigueur
(idiomatic) In an urgent or difficult situation; when no other solution is available.

in a row
d'affilée
successively, one after the other.

in a way
dans un certain sens dans un sens dans une certaine mesure d’une certaine façon
To a certain degree; to an extent; in a certain sense.

in a word
en un mot
(abbreviative action or effect): In summarization: briefly, concisely, summarily, in short; to sum up

in a world of one's own
dans son monde

in absentia
par contumace
(legal) While not present; while absent

in addition adv
en prime en sus
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Also; as well; besides.

in all honesty
en toute honnêteté
(idiomatic) honestly; in truth

in all one's glory phraseologicalUnit
dans toute sa splendeur
(literal) In full splendour and power (e.g. of a deity or monarch).

in all probability adv
selon toute vraisemblance
Very probably; almost certainly.

in all weathers adv
par tous les temps qu'il pleuve ou qu'il vente

in and of itself
en soi

in any case
en tout cas en tout état de cause
Whatever is the case.

in articulo mortis /ˌɪnɑːˌtɪkjʊləʊˈmɔːtɪs/ adv
à l'article de la mort
At the moment of death. (In law, especially canon, or church, law, this expression can mean that someone has been given special permission by a competent authority to enter an organization or to receive some sort of exemption or permission at some point not long before they die, such as receiving diaconal or presbyteral ordination or entering religious profession.)

in bad taste
de mauvais goût
(idiom) offensive or inappropriate (of an action, often of jokes)

in bed
au lit
(literal) While on a bed.
au lit sexuellement
(idiomatic) Regarding sexual activities.

in bend
en bande

in between preposition
entre
Between

in black and white
noir sur blanc
(idiomatic) Explicitly, in writing, clearly and without doubt or misunderstanding, without any grey areas.
en noir et blanc
(literally) Using shades of gray rather than color.

in brackets /ɪn ˈbɹækɪts/
entre parenthèses
(This entry is a translation hub.)

in broad daylight /ɪn bɹɑd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔd ˈdeɪˌlaɪt/ /ɪn bɹɔːd ˈdeɪlaɪt/
en plein jour à la lumière du jour
In ample natural illumination, during the daytime.
au grand jour au vu et au su de tous
(figurative) In a blatant and publicly visible manner during the day.

in cahoots adj
(être) de mèche

in camera adv
à huis clos

in case /ɪn ˈkeɪs/ conjunction
au cas où
To allow for the possibility that.
(mostly, North American) If.

in case of preposition
en cas de
If there should be.

in charge more in charge most in charge adj
responsable
Having the responsibility of leading or overseeing.

in chorus
en chœur
(idiomatic) in unison, all together (at the same time)

in cold blood
de sang froid
(idiomatic) In a ruthless and unfeeling manner, particularly as applied to first-degree murder committed without provocation and with malice aforethought.

in common
en commun
Shared with one or more others.
Held in joint possession.

in conclusion
en conclusion pour finir
As a conclusion; to finish.

in conscience adv
en son âme et conscience
In fairness; by all that is reasonable. [from 15th c.]

in danger
en danger

in demand more in demand most in demand adj
recherché demandé
sought-after; popular; coveted

in detail adv
en détail par le menu
(idiomatic) Thoroughly; including every detail; with all particulars.

in droves
en grand nombre en nombre à la pelle
In large numbers, or great crowds.

in due course
au moment voulu en temps et en heure en temps utile en temps voulu le moment venu
When the time is right; presently; eventually.

in due time /ɪn djuː taɪm/ /ɪn du taɪm/ /ɪn dʒuː taɪm/
en temps utile en temps voulu
Eventually; when ready; at an opportune moment.

in earnest more in earnest most in earnest adv
sérieusement
With considerable commitment, determination, or effect; significantly.
sincèrement
Having a sincere intent. (of a person)

in effect adv
en pratique
For all practical purposes; in practice; actually; essentially; basically.

in effigy
effigie
(idiomatic) With a symbol, usually an effigy, substituted for a real person or thing.

in every sense of the word adv
dans tous les sens du mot

in exchange adv
en échange
As an exchange or replacement.
To reciprocate.

in fact
en fait
(modal) Actually, in truth.

in fairness
pour sa défense
(transitive with to) As a counterpoint; for the sake of balance; to lessen the harm.

in favor of preposition
en faveur de
For; in support of; approving, supporting.
For the benefit of; to the order of.

in fine fettle /ɪn ˌfaɪn ˈfɛt(ə)l/ /ɪn ˌfaɪn ˈfɛtl̩/ [-ɾ(ə)l]
frais comme l'œil
In good condition; energetic, fit.

in fits and starts
par à-coups

in flagrante delicto /ɪn fləˌɡɹæn.teɪ dɪˈlɪk.təʊ/ adv
en flagrant délit
In the act of committing a misdeed.

in flight
en vol
Flying, making a flight, as opposed to being on the ground.

in for a penny, in for a pound /ɪn fɔɹ ə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fɔɹ ə paʊnd/ /ɪn fəɹə ˈpɛ.ni ɪn fəɹə paʊnd/ proverb
le premier pas engage au second quand le vin est tiré, il faut le boire qui dit A, doit dire B
Having started something, one must see it through to its end, rather than stopping short; one must “go the whole hog”.

in force
en vigueur
(law, insurance) In effect; applicable.

in front of preposition
devant en face
At or near the front part of (something).
devant
In the presence of, in view of (someone).
devant en face de
Located before, ahead of, previous to (someone or something).

in full
en entier
Fully; to the whole extent.

in full swing
battre son plein
Proceeding fully, quickly, or completely; thoroughly begun and in progress.

in funds /ɪn ˈfʌndz/ [-ˈfəndz] adj
être en fonds
(chiefly, Britain, dated) Having enough money to spend.

in general adv
en général
In the general case; without further assumption; without qualification; in all respects.

in good hands
en bonnes mains entre de bonnes mains
Under the guidance of a capable being.

in good time
en temps utile
At a suitable time.

in hand
sous la main
In physical possession; at one's disposal. [from 10th c.]
en main
Held in the hand or hands. [from 14th c.]
sous contrôle
Under control. [from 18th c.]

in heat
en chaleur

in heaven's name
au nom du ciel pour l'amour du ciel
(idiomatic) An intensifier used with questions.

in hindsight phraseologicalUnit
avec le recul rétrospectivement
Denoting coming to an understanding of the full nature of an event after it has already occurred.

in honour of preposition
en l'honneur de

in kind adv
en nature
(of paying or giving) With goods or services (as opposed to cash).
réciproquement
(idiomatic) In a reciprocal manner; in a similar way; in the same kind.

in layman's terms
en termes simples
(idiomatic) Phrased simply, without jargon.

in lieu /ɪn.l(j)uː/ adv
au lieu de à la place de
instead; in place

in lieu of preposition
au lieu de
Instead of; in place of.

in light of preposition
au vu de à la lumière de
(idiomatic, Australia, Canada, US) given, considering

in line more in line most in line adj
en règle
(idiomatic) Suitable or appropriate; keeping with expectations, norms, ideals, or rules.

in living memory
de mémoire d'homme
(idiomatic) In recent history, in recorded history amongst the lifespan of extant people; events or situations which can be remembered by people that are still alive.

in love
amoureux de
(transitive with with) Enamored (of a person, etc.)

in memoriam /ɪn məˈmɔɹ.i.əm/ /ɪn məˈmɔː.ɹi.əm/ adv
en souvenir de in memoriam
In memory (of); as a memorial.

in memory of preposition
en mémoire de

in midstream
en cours de route
(figurative) During the execution of (something); in the middle of (an activity).

in my humble opinion
à mon humble avis à mon humble opinion
Used to introduce or qualify a statement, as expressing one's own view, not one backed by external authority or to be accepted without question

in my opinion
à mon avis selon moi [[d'après]] moi
according to me

in no time
en un rien de temps
(idiomatic) Very soon.

in nothing flat
en un rien de temps
(idiomatic) A very short (but unspecified) amount of time; no time at all.

in one go adv
d'un coup d'une traite

in one piece
en un seul morceau indemne

in one's element
dans son élément
In a situation which is entirely suitable, familiar, or enjoyable.

in one's opinion
d'après moi à mon sens

in one's own little way adv
à son petit niveau

in one's right mind
sain d'esprit
(idiomatic) Thinking clearly, sensibly, and reasonably.

in operation
en opération
activated; functional; functioning; operating; working

in order more in order most in order adj
de circonstance
(idiomatic) Appropriate, worthwhile.

in order that conjunction
afin que pour que
So that; used to indicate purpose

in order to phraseologicalUnit
pour pour que de
As a means of achieving the specified end; to.

in other words
autrement dit en d'autres termes
(conjunctive, idiomatic) Stated or interpreted another way; Used to introduce an explanation, simplification, or clarification.

in parallel
en parallèle
Aligned or connected side by side, instead of in series.

in particular
en particulier
(focus) Especially, individually or specifically.

in passing
en passant
Incidentally; as a brief diversion from another topic etc.

in person
en personne
With one's own body and physical presence; not through media, a representative, or indirectly.

in petto adv
in petto
Privately, in secret.

in place of preposition
au lieu de à la place de
instead of

in places
par endroits
In some places and not everywhere; of a patchy nature.

in plain sight
au vu et au su de tous à la vue de tous
(idiomatic) very easy to see or notice especially when it is supposed to be hidden

in power
au pouvoir
(politics) Currently ruling; being the present controlling authority, as of a government or country.

in practice
en pratique pratiquement
Really, in effect; not just hypothetically.

in principle
en principe en théorie
With regard to the fundamentals, but not to the particulars.
According to theory.

in private
en privé
Privately, where no one else can see or hear.

in public
en public
In view of other people, who may be strangers.

in question more in question most in question adj
en question
Under consideration, under discussion.
remettre en question
In doubt, under dispute.

in relation to preposition
par rapport à
in comparison with

in reserve
de réserve en réserve
Stored and set aside for possible (future) use.

in respect of preposition
quant à
Regarding; concerning; pertaining to; with reference to.

in retrospect
avec le recul
When looked back upon as a past event; as can be seen now, but not at the time.

in return
en échange en contrepartie
In exchange, as a means of reciprocating.

in right of preposition
du chef du
(law, government, often, capitalized) jurisdiction of a person who is head of state of more than one state

in safe hands
entre de bonnes mains sous bonne escorte
(idiomatic) In the possession of, or protected by, someone who can be trusted.

in season
de saison en saison
In the time for eating, using, etc.
In heat

in series
en série
(electricity) Of components: connected in a chain, instead of in parallel.

in shape
en état
In good condition, repair; in a good state.
en forme
(idiomatic) In a good state of physical fitness or bodily appearance.

in short
en bref en résumé en un mot
As a summary; as a shortened version of what has been told or what would have been told.

in silence
en silence
Without making a noise, silently.

in small doses
à petites doses

in so many words
mot pour mot texto
Verbatim; using exactly the given words.

in someone's eyes
aux yeux de
(figuratively) According to someone's subjective point of view.

in someone's face
au visage dans la tête dans le visage
(literally) Onto or into someone's face.
au nez au visage
(idiomatic) In front of someone's face; before someone's eyes.

in something's way
dans le chemin de quelqu’un
Obstructing, blocking, or impeding the movement or line of sight of something.

in spite of preposition
malgré en dépit de bien que

in summary
en résumé
To summarize; as a summary.

in tears /ɪnˈtiɹz/ adj
en larmes en pleurs
Crying; weeping.

in terms of preposition
en termes de
(by extension) in relation to a particular aspect; with respect to; as regards; concerning; regarding.

in that case adv
dans ce cas en ce cas

in the absence of
en l'absence de

in the act
sur le fait
(idiomatic) In the process of doing something considered criminal or otherwise wrong; used to emphasize the eye-witness evidence.

in the arms of Morpheus /-ˈmɔɹˌfjus/ /-ˈmɔː.fjuːs/ /ɪn ði ˈaɹms əv ˈmɔɹ.fɪ.əs/ /ɪn ði ˈaːms əv ˈmɔː.fɪ.əs/
dans les bras de Morphée
(literary, figurative) Asleep, sleeping.

in the bag
dans la poche dans le sac
(slang) Certain or extremely likely to occur.

in the black
dans le noir
(accounting, idiomatic) Having positive net income; having greater income than expenses; making a profit.

in the blink of an eye
en un clin d'œil
(idiomatic) immediately, instantaneously

in the buff
à poil
(idiomatic, informal) Nude.

in the closet /ɪn ðə ˈklɑzɪt/ /ɪn ðə ˈklɒzɪt/ /ɪn ðə ˈklɔzɪt/
in petto
(colloquial, by extension) Not open about some feature of one's life; often construed with about.

in the cold light of day /ɪn‿ðə ˈkoʊld laɪt‿əv ˈdeɪ/ /ɪn‿ðə ˈkəʊld laɪt‿əv ˈdeɪ/
à froid à tête reposée
Viewed calmly and dispassionately after allowing emotions to cool or after having sobered up.

in the distance adv
au loin
far away; a long distance away

in the end
en fin de compte
Eventually, finally.

in the fast lane
vie de patachon
(idiomatic) In a lifestyle, employment position, or other set of circumstances where the rapid pace is exciting, frantic, or risky.

in the first instance
en premier lieu
As the first step or stage; first.

in the first place /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst pleɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːst plæɪs/ /ɪn ðə ˈfɜ˞st pleɪs/
avant tout en premier lieu pour commencer
(sequence, idiomatic) to begin with; earlier; firstly; originally; at the start,

in the flesh
en chair et en os en personne
Present in a physical body; in person.

in the future
dans le futur
At a future time, at some point in the future.

in the heat of the moment
dans le feu de l'action à chaud

in the hope of
dans l'espoir de

in the hope that phraseologicalUnit
dans l'espoir que

in the know
au courant au parfum
Informed, aware.

in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king proverb
au royaume des aveugles, les borgnes sont rois
Even someone with limited abilities or opportunities is dominant over, and considered special by, those who have even fewer abilities and opportunities; the value of any ability depends on its prevalence.

in the lead /ˌɪnðəˈliːd/
en tête
(idiomatic) in first place in a contest

in the limelight
sous les feux de la rampe
(idiomatic) In the focus of attention, especially from the media.

in the long run
à la longue à long terme à terme
(idiomatic) After a very long time; eventually; over a long period of time; more generally.

in the loop
au courant
Informed; up to date; having current knowledge; part of the discussion.

in the making
en devenir en herbe
(idiomatic) In development; in the process of being made or evolving.

in the middle of preposition
en train de
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with, often with something unpleasant.

in the midst of
au sein de
In the middle of; amidst, amongst.

in the mood
d'humeur à
Disposed (to do something or for something; often romantic or sexual, without further context).

in the name of
au nom de
With appeal to; by; often used to introduce oaths
By the authority of.
Under the name or possession of.
Under the designation or excuse of.

in the name of the law
au nom de la loi

in the nature of things
nature des choses ordre des choses

in the near future
dans un avenir proche dans un futur proche dans un proche avenir

in the nick of time
juste à temps
(idiomatic) At the last possible moment; at the last minute.

in the offing
en perspective à l'horizon
(idiomatic) Soon to come; likely to happen; in the foreseeable future; projected to occur; on the horizon; in the wind.

in the open
à la belle étoile au grand air
Outdoors.
à découvert
Easily visible; out of shelter or concealment.
au grand jour
Known to various people.

in the past
dans le passé par le passé
(This entry is a translation hub.)

in the pay of
à la solde de

in the person of
en la personne de

in the presence of
en présence de

in the process adv
du même coup

in the process of preposition
en train de
(often followed by the -ing form of a verb) Engaged in, but not finished with.

in the red
dans le rouge
(idiomatic, accounting) Having net losses; in debt.

in the right place at the right time
au bon endroit au bon moment

in the same boat adj
être dans le même bateau être logé à la même enseigne
(idiomatic) In the same situation or predicament; having the same problems.

in the same breath
dans le même temps

in the same vein
dans la même veine
Of similar kind.

in the soup
dans la merde dans la panade dans le pétrin
(slang) In trouble.

in the swim
dans le courant dans le vent
(idiomatic) Actively participating in the flow of events; very involved.

in the wake of preposition
suite à
(idiomatic) As a result of

in the way
dans les pattes gêner sur le passage
(idiomatic) obstructing, blocking, or hindering

in the way of preposition
par rapport à
(idiomatic) In relation to; in connection with; with respect to.
du genre de en mesure de
(idiomatic) In or into a position of being likely to obtain, to attain, or to achieve.

in the wild
dans la nature
(usually of animals) Living and roaming freely in nature; not domesticated.

in the world
au monde
(idiomatic) An intensifier, often used after an interrogative word.

in three days adv
après-après-demain

in time
en temps et en heure à l'heure à temps
At or before the time assigned.
à temps
(with for) Sufficiently early.
avec le temps
As time passes.
en rythme
In rhythm.
(in time with) At the same rhythm as.
(music) In the correct tempo.

in total
en tout au total
Including all aspects of something.

in touch
en contact
(idiomatic) In contact, or in communication.
en touche
(rugby, of a ball or a player) outside the playing area or touching the touchlines of the playing area.

in tune
juste
(music) Having the correct musical pitch.

in turn
tour à tour à tour de rôle
One after the other; one at a time; in succession; successively.
en retour
In response; in return.
à leur tour à son tour
Having a relationship sequentially comparable to one just mentioned; accordingly or similarly, with respect to sequence, precedence, or hierarchy.

in two shakes adv
en deux temps trois mouvements
(dated, idiomatic) Very quickly; without delay.

in unison
à l'unisson
Moving, acting, or uttering of speech all at the same time.

in use
en usage
Currently being used.

in utero adv
in utero
Occurring while a baby is within their mother's womb.

in vain more in vain most in vain adv
en vain inutilement
(idiomatic) Without success or a result; ending in failure.
à la légère
(idiomatic) In a disrespectful manner, without honoring the proper meaning; insincerely or without proper respect.

in view of preposition
au vu de
(idiomatic) considering.

in vitro adj
in vitro
In an artificial environment outside the living organism.

in vitro fertilization in vitro fertilizations n
fécondation in vitro
(medicine) The fertilization of an egg by sperm outside of a woman's body; normally used as a treatment for infertility.

in weal and woe /ɪn ˌwil‿n̩ ˈwoʊ/ /ɪn ˌwiːl‿n̩ ˈwəʊ/
pour le meilleur et pour le pire
In both prosperity and adversity; in good times and bad.

in wine, there is truth proverb
la vérité est dans le vin
Things said under the influence of alcohol reveal true beliefs not expressed when sober.

in witness whereof phraseologicalUnit
en foi de quoi en vertu de quoi sur foi de quoi

in writing
par écrit à l'écrit
employing or utilizing a written message, as opposed to verbally or through other means.

in your dreams phraseologicalUnit
dans tes rêves
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to express the speaker's skepticism about another's preceding statement about a desired or assumed state of affairs.

in your face interjection
dans les dents dans ta face dans ta gueule dans ton cul

in- prefix
en- in-
in, into, towards, within.
in-
(non-productive) Used with certain words to reverse their meaning

in-depth more in-depth most in-depth adj
en profondeur
Thorough; comprehensive.

in-kind adj
en nature
(payment or gift) consisting of goods or commodities (as opposed to cash)

in-law in-laws n
belle-famille
(often, in the plural) A relative by marriage (or through affinity).

in-line adj
en rang d'oignons
(engineering, of an internal-combustion engine) Having all cylinders in a single straight line; straight.

in-service adj
en service
(chiefly, British, of training etc.) Taking place when one is an employee.

in-your-face more in-your-face most in-your-face adj
agressif tape-à-l'œil
(informal) Aggressively or blatantly confrontational.

inability /ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti/ inabilities n
incapacité
Lack of the ability to do something; incapability.

inaccessibility n
inaccessibilité
The quality or state of being inaccessible; inaccessibleness.

inaccessible /ˌɪnəkˈsɛsɪbl̩/ more inaccessible most inaccessible adj
inaccessible
Not able to be accessed; out of reach; inconvenient.
Not able to be reached; unattainable.

inaccuracy /ɪnˈakjəɹəsi/ /ɪnˈakjʊɹəsi/ /ɪnˈæk.jɚ.ə.si/ inaccuracies n
erreur faute imprécision inacuratesse inexactitude

inaccurate /ɪnˈæ.kjʊ.ɹət/ more inaccurate most inaccurate adj
imprécis
Mistaken or incorrect; not accurate.

inaction /ɪnˈækʃən/ inactions n
inaction
Lack of action or activity or labor

inactivation inactivations n
inactivation
The process of rendering something inactive.

inactive /ɪnˈæktɪv/ more inactive most inactive adj
inactif
Not active, temporarily or permanently.

inactivity inactivities n
inactivité
The quality of being inactive; idleness; passiveness.

inadequate /ɪnˈædəkwɪt/ more inadequate most inadequate adj
inadéquat
Not adequate; not fit for the purpose.

inadequately more inadequately most inadequately adv
insuffisamment
In an inadequate manner.

inadmissibility inadmissibilities n
inadmissibilité
(uncountable) The state of being inadmissible

inadmissible more inadmissible most inadmissible adj
inadmissible
Not admissible, especially that cannot be admitted as evidence at a trial.

inadmissibly more inadmissibly most inadmissibly adv
inadmissiblement
In an inadmissible way.

inadvertent /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtn̩t/ /ˌɪnədˈvɝtn̩t/ adj
involontaire
Not intentional; not on purpose; not conscious.

inadvertently adv
par inadvertance par erreur par mégarde
Unintentionally; because of an oversight.

inadvisable more inadvisable most inadvisable adj
déconseillé
Unwise; not recommended; not prudent; not to be advised.

inalienable /ɪˈneɪ.li.ə.nə.bəl/ /ɪˈneɪ.lɪ.ə.nə.bəl/ adj
inaliénable
Incapable of being alienated, surrendered, or transferred to another; not alienable.

inane /ɪˈneɪn/ inaner inanest more inane most inane adj
inane inepte insensé niais
Lacking sense or meaning, often to the point of boredom or annoyance.
vain inane inutile
Purposeless; pointless.

inanimacy inanimacies n
inanimacité inaniméité
(linguistics) In some languages, opposite of animacy, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.).

inanimate /ɪnˈænɪmət/ more inanimate most inanimate adj
inanimé
Not being, and never having been alive, especially not like humans and animals.
(grammar) Not animate.

inanition /ɪnəˈnɪʃən/ inanitions n
inanition
(medicine) A state of advanced lack of adequate nutrition, food, or water or a physiological inability to utilize them, with resulting weakness.
ineptie vacuité
(philosophy) A spiritual emptiness or lack of purpose or will to live, akin to nausea in existentialist philosophy.

inanity /ɪˈnænɪti/ inanities n
inanité
(uncountable) The property of being inane, of lacking material of interest or satisfaction, emptiness.

inapplicability inapplicabilities n
inapplicabilité
(uncountable) The state of being inapplicable.

inappropriate /ˌɪnəˈpɹoʊpɹi.ət/ /ˌɪnəˈpɹəʊpɹi.ət/ more inappropriate most inappropriate adj
inapproprié déplacé
Not appropriate; not suitable for the situation, time, or place.

inasmuch as conjunction
dans la mesure où
Because of the fact that; since.
à la condition que
To the extent that; insofar as.

inattention inattentions n
inattention
Lack of attention, or failure to pay attention
discourtoisie décourtoisie
An act of neglect; failure of courtesy.

inattentive /ˌɪn.ə.ˈtɛn.tɪv/ more inattentive most inattentive adj
inattentif
Of or pertaining to a lack of attention; not paying attention; careless.

inaudible adj
inaudible
Unable to be heard or not loud enough to be heard.

inaugural /ɪˈnɔːɡəɹəl/ /ɪˈnɔːɡɹəl/ adj
inaugural
Of inauguration; as in a speech or lecture by the person being inaugurated.
Marking the beginning of an operation, venture, etc.

inaugural /ɪˈnɔːɡəɹəl/ /ɪˈnɔːɡɹəl/ inaugurals n
inauguration investiture
An inauguration; a formal beginning.
discours d'investiture discours inaugural
A formal speech given at the beginning of an office.

inaugurate /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊɹeɪt/ /ɪˈnɔːɡjʊɹət/ /ɪˈnɔːɡəɹeɪt/ /ɪˈnɔːɡəɹət/ v
inaugurer
(transitive) To induct into office with a formal ceremony.

inauguration /ɪnɔːɡ(j)ʊˈɹeɪʃən/ inaugurations n
inauguration investiture
The act of inaugurating, or inducting into office with solemnity; investiture by appropriate ceremonies.
inauguration
The formal beginning or initiation of any movement, enterprise, event etc.

inborn /ˈɪn.bɔɹn/ /ˈɪn.bɔːn/ adj
inné
Innate, possessed by an organism at birth.

inbox /ˈɪmbɑks/ /ˈɪmbɒks/ /ˈɪnbɑks/ /ˈɪnbɒks/ inboxes n
boîte de réception
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, but for electronic files, especially email.

inbred /ˈɪnˌbɹɛd/ /ˌɪnˈbɹɛd/ more inbred most inbred adj
consanguin
(often, pejorative) Having an ancestry characterized by inbreeding.

inbreeding inbreedings n
consanguinité
(biology) Breeding between members of a relatively small population, especially one in which most members are related.

incalculable /ɪn.kæl.kjə.lə.bl/ [ɪnˈkʰæɫ.kjəˌlə.bl̩] more incalculable most incalculable adj
incalculable
(not comparable, mathematics) Impossible to calculate.
(not comparable) Too much, too vast, or too numerous to enable computation.

incalculably more incalculably most incalculably adv
incalculablement
In an incalculable manner.

incandescence /ˌɪn.kænˈdɛs.əns/ /ˌɪn.kənˈdɛs.əns/ incandescences n
incandescence
(physics) the emission of visible light by a hot body

incandescent /ˌɪn.kænˈdɛs.ənt/ /ˌɪn.kənˈdɛs.ənt/ /ˌɪŋ.kænˈdɛs.ənt/ more incandescent most incandescent adj
incandescent
Emitting light as a result of being heated.
irradiant éblouissant
Shining very brightly.
irradiant rayonnant resplendissant éclatant
(figurative) Showing intense emotion, as of a performance, etc.

incantation /ɪnkænˈteɪʃən/ incantations n
incantation
The act or process of using formulas and/or usually rhyming words, sung or spoken, with occult ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits, producing enchantment, or creating other magical results.
A formula of words used as above.
(computing, slang) Any esoteric command or procedure.

incapable /ɪnˈkeɪpəbl̩/ /ɪŋˈkeɪpəbl̩/ more incapable most incapable adj
incapable
Not in a state to receive; not receptive; not susceptible; not able to admit.

incapacity /ˌɪnkəˈpæsɪti/ incapacities n
incapacité
The lack of a capacity; an inability.

incarcerate /ɪnˈkɑɹ.səˌɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈkɑː.səˌɹeɪt/ v
incarcérer imprisonner
(chiefly, US) To lock away; to imprison, especially for breaking the law.

incarceration /ɪŋˌkɑː(ɹ)səˈɹeɪʃən/ incarcerations n
incarcération
(chiefly, US) The act of confining, or the state of being confined; imprisonment.

incarnation /ˌɪŋ.kɑɹˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪŋ.kɑːˈneɪ.ʃən/ incarnations n
incarnation
An incarnate being or form.
A living being embodying a deity or spirit.
A person or thing regarded as embodying or exhibiting some quality, idea, or the like.

incautiously more incautiously most incautiously adv
imprudemment
In an incautious manner; with a lack of caution.

incel /ˈɪnˌsɛl/ incels n
incel
A member of an online subculture of people (mostly men) who define themselves as unable to find a romantic or sexual partner despite desiring one.

incendiary /ɪnˈsɛn.di.əɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.di.ɛɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.djəɹ.i/ /ɪnˈsɛn.dɪ.əɹ.i/ more incendiary most incendiary adj
incendiaire
Capable of, or used for, or actually causing fire.

incense /ɪnˈsɛns/ /ˈɪnsɛns/ incenses n
encens
A perfume used in the rites of various religions.

incense boat incense boats n
navette
The vessel that holds incense before it is put into a censer.

incensurable more incensurable most incensurable adj
incensurable
Not censurable.

incentive /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ incentives n
intérêt motivation
Something that motivates, rouses, or encourages.
prime récompense
A bonus or reward, often monetary, to work harder.

inception /ɪnˈsɛpʃn/ /ɪnˈsɛpʃən/ inceptions n
commencement début
The creation or beginning of something; the establishment.

incessant /ɪnˈsɛs.ənt/ more incessant most incessant adj
incessant
Without pause or stop; not ending, especially to the point of annoyance.

incessantly /ɪnˈsɛs.ənt.li/ adv
incessamment sans cesse
In a manner without pause or stop, especially to the point of annoyance; not ceasing.

incest /ˈɪnsɛst/ incests n
inceste
Sexual relations between close relatives, especially immediate family members and sometimes first cousins, usually considered taboo; in many jurisdictions, close relatives are not allowed to marry, and incest is a crime.

incestuous more incestuous most incestuous adj
incestueux
Pertaining to or engaging in incest.

inch /ɪnt͡ʃ/ inch inches n
pouce
An English unit of length equal to 1/12 of a foot or 2.54 cm, roughly the width of a thumb.
Any of various similar units of length in other traditional systems of measurement.
poil
(figuratively) Any very short distance.

inchoate /ɪnˈkoʊeɪt/ /ɪnˈkoʊət/ /ɪnˈkəʊeɪt/ /ɪnˈkəʊət/ more inchoate most inchoate adj
embryonnaire
Recently started but not fully formed yet; just begun; only elementary or immature.

incident /ˈɪn.sɪ.dənt/ incidents n
accident fait-divers
incident
(countable, uncountable) An event or occurrence.
An event that causes or may cause an interruption or a crisis, such as a workplace illness or a software error.

incidental /ɪnsəˈdɛntəl/ /ɪnsɪˈdɛntəl/ [ɪnsɪˈdɛ.ɾ̃əl] [ɪnsɪˈdɛn.tʰəl] more incidental most incidental adj
incidental
Existing tangentially, being a byproduct, a tangent, or a likely consequence.

incidentally more incidentally most incidentally adv
incidemment
(manner) In an incidental manner; not of central or critical importance.

incinerate /ɪnˈsɪnjɚeɪt/ /ɪnˈsɪnəɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈsɪnəɹət/ /ɪnˈsɪnɚeɪt/ v
incinérer
(transitive) To destroy by burning.

incineration incinerations n
incinération
The act of incinerating, or the state of being incinerated; cremation.

incinerator incinerators n
incinérateur
A furnace that burns refuse.

incipient /ɪnˈsɪp.i.ənt/ adj
commençant incipient
In an initial stage; beginning, starting, coming into existence.

incircle incircles n
cercle inscrit
(geometry) A circle within a polygon, especially a triangle, that is tangent to each side.

incision /ɪnˈsɪʒən/ incisions n
incision
A cut, especially one made by a scalpel or similar medical tool in the context of surgical operation; the scar resulting from such a cut.
(football) A cut-back

incisive /ɪnˈsaɪ.sɪv/ more incisive most incisive adj
incisif
Quickly proceeding to judgment and forceful in expression. (of an action)

incisively /ˌɪn.ˈsaɪ.səv.li/ more incisively most incisively adv
incisivement

incisor /ɪnˈsaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ incisors n
incisive
(anatomy, zootomy) A narrow-edged tooth at the front of the mouth of mammals, between the canines and adapted for cutting; in humans there are four in each jaw.

incitation /ɪnsɪˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ incitations n
incitation
The act of inciting or moving to action.

incite /ɪnˈsaɪt/ v
inciter
(transitive) To stir up or excite; to rouse or goad into action.

incitement /ɪnˈsaɪt.mənt/ incitements n
incitation instigation
A call to act; encouragement to act, often in an illegal fashion.

inclination /ɪn.klɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ inclinations n
inclinaison tendance

inclined /ɪnˈklaɪnd/ more inclined most inclined adj
incliné
At an angle to the horizontal; slanted or sloped.
enclin
Having a tendency, preference, likelihood, or disposition.

inclined plane inclined planes n
plan incliné
(mechanics) One of the simple machines; a sloping surface such as a ramp such that an object can be raised with less effort than being lifted vertically.

include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v
inclure comprendre
To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a (new) part or member.
To consider as part of something; to comprehend.

including /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/ /ɪŋˈkluːdɪŋ/ preposition
y compris dont
Such as, among which; introducing one or more parts of the group or topic just mentioned.

inclusion /ɪnˈkluːʒən/ inclusions n
inclusion
(countable) An addition or annex to a group, set, or total.
(uncountable) The act of including, i.e. adding or annexing, (something) to a group, set, or total.
(cytology) A nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregate of stainable substances.

inclusive /ɪnˈkluːsɪv/ more inclusive most inclusive adj
inclusif
Including (almost) everything within its scope.
(linguistics) Of, or relating to the first-person plural pronoun when including the person being addressed.

inclusive or inclusive ors n
ou inclusif
(logic, computing) A logical connective joining two or more predicates that yields the logical value "true" when at least one of the predicates is true.

incoherence /ˌɪnkəʊˈhɪəɹəns/ incoherences n
incohérence
(uncountable) The quality of being incoherent.
The quality of not making logical sense or of not being logically connected.
(countable) Something incoherent; something that does not make logical sense or is not logically connected.

incoherent more incoherent most incoherent adj
incohérent décousu
Not making logical sense; not logically connected or consistent.

income /ˈɪnˌkʌm/ incomes n
revenu recette
Money one earns by working or by capitalising on the work of others.

income bracket income brackets n
échelle salariale
A range of income, used for demographic data, as well as to calculate taxes and benefits.

income statement income statements n
compte de résultat
(accounting) A calculation which shows the profit or loss of an accounting unit (company, municipality, foundation etc.) during a specific period of time, providing a summary of how the profit or loss is calculated from gross revenue and expenses.

income tax income taxes n
impôt sur le revenu
A tax levied on earned and unearned income, net of allowed deductions.

incoming /ˈɪnˌkʌmɪŋ/ adj
entrant
Coming (or about to come) in; arriving.
Succeeding to an office.

incommensurability /ˌɪŋkəˌmɛnʃʊɹəˈbɪlɪti/ n
incommensurabilité
The state or characteristic of being incommensurable.

incommensurable /ɪn.kəˈmɛn(t).sə.ɹə.bəl/ /ɪn.kəˈmɛnt͡ʃ.ɹə.bəl/ /ɪnkəˈmɛnsjʊəɹəbəl/ /ɪnkəˈmɛnʃ(ə)ɹəbəl/ more incommensurable most incommensurable adj
incommensurable
(mathematics, of two integers) having no common integer divisor except 1.
incommensurable sans commune mesure
Not able to be measured by the same standards as another term in the context.

incomparable /ɪŋkəmˈpærəbəl/ /ɪŋkəmˈpɛrəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɑmp(ə)rəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɒmp(ə)rəbəl/ more incomparable most incomparable adj
incomparable
So much better than another as to be beyond comparison.

incompatibility /ˌɪnkəmˌpætɪˈbɪlɪti/ incompatibilities n
incompatibilité
The quality or state of being incompatible; inconsistency; irreconcilability.

incompatible /ˌɪnkəmˈpætɪbəl/ /ˌɪŋkəmˈpætɪbəl/ more incompatible most incompatible adj
incompatible
Of two things: that cannot coexist; not congruous because of differences; unable to function together due to dissimilarities.

incompetence incompetences n
incompétence
Inability to perform; lack of competence; ineptitude.

incompetent more incompetent most incompetent adj
incompétent
Unskilled; lacking the degree of ability and responsibility that would normally be expected.

incomplete /ɪn.kəm.ˈpliːt/ more incomplete most incomplete adj
incomplet
Not complete; not finished

incomplete sentence incomplete sentences n
phrase incomplète
(grammar) A group of words that appear to convey only part of a complete thought, lacking some component which is grammatically necessary to complete the thought.

incompletely more incompletely most incompletely adv
incomplètement
In an incomplete manner.

incompleteness incompletenesses n
incomplétude
The state or condition of being not complete.

incomprehensible /ˌɪnkɑmpɹəˈhɛnsɪbəl/ more incomprehensible most incomprehensible adj
incompréhensible
impossible or very difficult to understand.

incomprehension n
incompréhension
Lack of comprehension or understanding; inability to understand.

incompressible adj
incompressible
Not compressible.

inconceivable /ɪn.kənˈsiː.və.bl̩/ more inconceivable most inconceivable adj
inconcevable
Unable to be conceived or imagined; unbelievable.

inconclusive more inconclusive most inconclusive adj
pas concluant
Not conclusive, not leading to a conclusion.

incongruous /ɪnˈkɑn.ɡɹu.əs/ /ɪnˈkɒn.ɡɹʊu.ʌs/ /ɪnˈkɒŋ.ɹʊu.ʌs/ /ɪŋˈkɑŋ.ɡɹu.əs/ more incongruous most incongruous adj
incongru
Not similar or congruent; not matching or fitting in.

incongruously more incongruously most incongruously adv
de manière incongrue incongrûment
In an incongruous manner.

inconsequential /ɪnˌkɑnsəˈkwɛnʃəl/ /ɪnˌkɒn.səˈkwɛn.ʃəl/ more inconsequential most inconsequential adj
sans conséquence
Having no consequence; not consequential; of little importance.

inconsiderate /ˌɪnkənˈsɪdəɹɪt/ /ˌɪŋ-/ more inconsiderate most inconsiderate adj
inconsidéré sans-gêne égoïste
Not considerate of others.

inconsistent /ˌɪnkənˈsɪstənt/ more inconsistent most inconsistent adj
incohérent incompatible
Not consistent or coherent in thought or behavior.
Not consistent:

inconsolable more inconsolable most inconsolable adj
inconsolable
Not consolable; unable to be consoled or comforted, usually due to grief, disappointment, or other distress.

inconspicuous /ˌɪn.kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/ more inconspicuous most inconspicuous adj
discret
Not prominent nor easily noticeable. [from 1828]

inconstancy inconstancies n
inconstance
Lack of constancy; lack of consistency in thought, emotion or action.

inconstant more inconstant most inconstant adj
inconstant volubile
Not constant; wavering.

incontestable more incontestable most incontestable adj
incontestable
Not contestable; indisputable; certain

incontinence /ɪnˈkɒntɪnəns/ incontinences n
incontinence
(urology) The inability of any of the physical organs to restrain discharges of their contents; involuntary discharge or evacuation (of urine or feces).

incontinent /ɪŋˈkɒntɪnənt/ more incontinent most incontinent adj
incontinent
(often followed by of) Unable to contain or retain.
Plagued by incontinence; unable to retain natural discharges or evacuations, most commonly of urine or feces.
Lacking moral or sexual restraint, moderation or self-control, especially of sexual desire.

incontrovertible /ˌɪŋ.kɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.təbl̩/ more incontrovertible most incontrovertible adj
incontestable irréfutable
Not capable of being denied, challenged, or disputed; closed to questioning.

incontrovertibly /ɪnˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː(ɹ).tɪ.bli/ /ˌɪnˌkɑn.tɹəˈvɝ.tə.bli/ more incontrovertibly most incontrovertibly adv
incontestablement indiscutablement indéniablement irréfutablement
In an incontrovertible manner; in a manner not capable of being denied, challenged, or disputed.

inconvenience /ɪnkənˈvinjəns/ /ɪnkənˈviːnɪəns/ /ɪŋk-/ inconveniences n
désagrément dérangement
Something that is not convenient, something that bothers.

inconvenient more inconvenient most inconvenient adj
inconvenant incommode
not convenient

incorporate /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.e(ɪ)t/ /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.eɪt/ /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɚ.ət/ /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɹe(ɪ)t/ /ɪŋˈkɔɹ.pɹeɪt/ /ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹeɪt/ /ɪŋˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/ v
incorporer
(transitive) To include (something) as a part.
(transitive) To mix (something in) as an ingredient; to blend
(US, legal) To include (another clause or guarantee of the US constitution) as a part (of the Fourteenth Amendment, such that the clause binds not only the federal government but also state governments).

incorporation /ɪŋ.kɔɹpəˈɹeɪʃən/ incorporations n
incorporation
The act of incorporating, or the state of being incorporated.
The union of different ingredients in one mass; mixture; combination; synthesis.

incorporeal /ɪŋkɔː(ɹ)ˈpɔːɹiəl/ more incorporeal most incorporeal adj
incorporel
Having no material form or physical substance.

incorrectly more incorrectly most incorrectly adv
incorrectement
In an incorrect manner.

incorrectness incorrectnesses n
impropriété
The characteristic of being incorrect.

incorrigible /ɪnˈkɒɹɪdʒəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɒɹɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɔɹəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɔɹɪd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ adj
incorrigible

incorrigible /ɪnˈkɒɹɪdʒəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɒɹɪdʒɪb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɔɹəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈkɔɹɪd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ incorrigibles n
incorrigible
An incorrigibly bad individual.

incorruptibility n
incorruptibilité
The condition of being incorruptible; honesty.

incorruptible more incorruptible most incorruptible adj
incorruptible
Incapable of being bribed or morally corrupted; inflexibly just and upright.

increase /ɪnˈkɹiːs/ /ˈɪnkɹiːs/ increases n
augmentation
An amount by which a quantity is increased.
For a quantity, the act or process of becoming larger

increase /ɪnˈkɹiːs/ /ˈɪnkɹiːs/ v
augmenter croître
(intransitive) (of a quantity, etc.) To become larger or greater.
augmenter accroître
(transitive) To make (a quantity, etc.) larger.

increasingly adv
de plus en plus
Increasing in amount or intensity.

incredibility incredibilities n
incrédibilité

incredible /ɪŋˈkɹɛdəbəl/ /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbəl/ [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbəɫ] [ɪ̈ŋˈkɹ̥ʷɛɾəbɫ̩] more incredible most incredible adj
incroyable
(literal) Too implausible to be credible; beyond belief; unbelievable. [from 15th c.]
(figurative) Amazing; astonishing; awe-inspiring.
(figurative) Marvellous; profoundly affecting; wonderful.

incredibly /ɪŋˈkɹɛdɪbli/ more incredibly most incredibly adv
incroyablement
(manner) In an incredible manner; not to be believed.
(degree) To a great extent; extremely.
Used to note the surprising or hard-to-believe nature of what is being said and suggest that it is nevertheless true.

incredulity /ˌɪnkɹɪˈdjuːlɪti/ incredulities n
incrédulité
Unwillingness or inability to believe; doubt about the truth or verisimilitude of something; disbelief.
(rare) Religious disbelief, lack of faith.

incredulous /ɪnˈkɹɛdjʊləs/ /ˌɪn.ˈkɹɛ.d͡ʒə.ləs/ more incredulous most incredulous adj
incrédule
Skeptical, disbelieving, or unable to believe. [from 16th c.]

increment /ˈɪŋkɹɪmn̩t/ v
incrémenter
(intransitive, transitive) To increase by steps or by a step, especially by one.

incriminating more incriminating most incriminating adj
compromettant à charge
Causing, showing, or proving that one is guilty of wrongdoing.

incubate /ˈɪŋkjʊbeɪt/ v
incuber
(transitive) To brood, raise, or maintain eggs, organisms, or living tissue through the provision of ideal environmental conditions.

incubation /ɪnkjuˈbeɪʃən/ /ɪnkjuːˈbeɪʃən/ incubations n
incubation
(pathology) The development of a disease from its causes, or the period of such development.

incubation period incubation periods n
période d'incubation
(epidemiology) The time elapsed between an exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical or radiation, and the appearance of signs and symptoms.

incubator /ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] [ˈɪn.kjuːˌbeɪ.ɾɚ] incubators n
incubateur
(chemistry) Any apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a reaction.
couveuse incubateur
(medicine) An apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for a newborn baby.
An apparatus used to maintain environmental conditions suitable for the hatching of eggs.
incubateur couveuse
A place to maintain the culturing of bacteria at a steady temperature.
(business) A support programme for the development of entrepreneurial companies.

incubus /ˈɪn.kjə.bəs/ /ˈɪŋ.kjʊ.bəs/ incubi incubuses n
incube
(medieval folklore) An evil spirit supposed to oppress people while asleep, especially to have sex with women as they sleep.
incube cauchemar terreurs nocturnes
A feeling of oppression during sleep, sleep paralysis; night terrors, a nightmare.
boulet croix fardeau sangsue tyran vampire
(by extension) Any oppressive thing or person; a burden.

inculcate /ɪn.ˈkʌl.keɪt/ /ˈɪn.kʌl.keɪt/ v
inculquer
(transitive) To teach by repeated instruction.

inculpable more inculpable most inculpable adj
coupable
Not culpable; immune from liability.

incumbent /ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/ /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/ /ɪŋ-/ more incumbent most incumbent adj
en titre titulaire
(zoology) Of a body part such as a hair, spine, or wing: bent downwards or otherwise positioned so that it, or part of it, rests on or touches something else; specifically (ornithology) , of the hind toe of a bird: fully resting on a support.
Being the current holder of an office or a title; specifically (Christianity, obsolete) , of an ecclesiastical benefice.

incumbent /ɪnˈkʌmb(ə)nt/ /ɪnˈkʌmbənt/ /ɪŋ-/ incumbents n
titulaire
The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.

incunabulum /ˌɪn.kjʊˈnæb.jʊ.ləm/ incunabula n
incunable
(printing) A book, single sheet, or image that was printed before the year 1501 in Europe.

incur /ɪnˈkɜː/ /ɪnˈkɝ/ v
encourir impliquer occasioner s'attirer subir
(transitive) to bring upon oneself or expose oneself to, especially something inconvenient, harmful, or onerous; to become liable or subject to

incurable /ˌɪnˈkjʊəɹəbl/ /ˌɪnˈkjʊɹəbl/ adj
incurable
Of an illness, condition, etc, that is unable to be cured; healless.

incurious more incurious most incurious adj
incurieux
Lacking interest or curiosity; uninterested.

incursion /ɪŋˈkɜː(ɹ)ʃən/ /ɪŋˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/ incursions n
incursion invasion
An aggressive movement into somewhere; an invasion.

indebted /ɪnˈdɛtɪd/ more indebted most indebted adj
endetté
Obligated, especially financially.

indebtedness /ɪnˈdɛtɪdnəs/ indebtednesses n
endettement
State of owing money; being in debt.
The state of owing something or being under obligation to someone.
The amount owed.
All debts totalled.

indecent /ɪnˈdiːsənt/ more indecent most indecent adj
indécent
Offensive to good taste.
Not in keeping with conventional moral values; improper, immodest, or unseemly.

indecent exposure indecent exposures n
attentat à la pudeur
(legal) The crime of intentionally exposing one's own private parts in public; in some cases also including the act of public urination and defecation.

indecently more indecently most indecently adv
indécemment
In an indecent manner.

indecipherable /ɪndə-/ /ɪndɪˈsaɪfəɹəbəl/ /ɪndɪˈsaɪfɹəbəl/ more indecipherable most indecipherable adj
indéchiffrable
Not decipherable; impossible to decode, read, understand or comprehend.

indecision /ɪndɪˈsɪʒ(ə)n/ indecisions n
indécision irrésolution
The inability to decide on a course of action, especially if two or more possibilities exist.

indecisive /ˌɪndɪˈsaɪsɪv/ more indecisive most indecisive adj
hésitant velléitaire
indécis
(of a person) Not decisive; not marked by promptness or decision.
incertain
(of a contest etc.) inconclusive or uncertain

indeclinable adj
indéclinable
(grammar, of a word) Not grammatically declinable.

indeed /ɪnˈdid/ /ɪnˈdiːd/ adv
en effet certainement vraiment
(modal) Truly; in fact; actually.

indeed /ɪnˈdid/ /ɪnˈdiːd/ interjection
en effet bien sûr certes
Indicates emphatic agreement.

indefatigable /ˌɪn.də-/ /ˌɪn.dəˈfæt.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.dɪ.fəˈti.ɡə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.dɪˈfæt.ɪ.ɡə.bəl/ [ˌɪn.dəˈfæɾ.ɪ.ɡə.bəl] more indefatigable most indefatigable adj
infatigable
Extremely persistent and untiring.

indefensible more indefensible most indefensible adj
indéfendable
(figurative) Incapable of being justified or excused.

indefinable adj
indéfinissable
That which defies description; indescribable.

indefinite adjective indefinite adjectives n
adjectif indéfini
An indefinite pronoun used as a determiner.

indefinite article indefinite articles n
article indéfini
(grammar) A word preceding a noun to indicate that the noun refers to any member of the class of objects named by the noun.

indefinite integral indefinite integrals n
intégrale indéfinie
(mathematics) A function whose derivative is a given function; an antiderivative

indefinite pronoun indefinite pronouns n
pronom indéfini
(grammar) A pronoun that does not specify the identity of its referent.

indefinitely /ɪnˈdɛfɪnɪtli/ adv
infiniment
indéfiniment
For a long time, with no defined end.

indehiscence n
indéhiscence
The state of being indehiscent

indehiscent adj
indéhiscent
(botany) Not dehiscing when mature; not dehiscent.

indelible /ɪnˈdɛləbl/ more indelible most indelible adj
indélébile
Having the quality of being difficult to delete, remove, wash away, blot out, or efface.

indemnification /ənˌdɛmnəfəˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪnˌdɛmnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ indemnifications n
dédommagement
The act or process of indemnifying, preserving, or securing against loss, damage, or penalty.

indemnity /ɪnˈdɛmnɪti/ indemnities n
garantie
(legal) An obligation or duty upon an individual to incur the losses of another.
indemnité
Repayment; compensation for loss or injury.
compensation
(insurance) A principle of insurance which provides that when a loss occurs, the insured should be restored to the approximate financial condition occupied before the loss occurred, no better, no worse.

indene indenes n
indène

indentation /ˌɪndɛnˈteɪʃən/ indentations n
indentation
The act of indenting or state of being indented.
(typography) The act of beginning a line or series of lines at a little distance within the flush line of the column or page, as in the common way of beginning the first line of a paragraph.
tiret
(law) A division unit of a piece of law distinguished by its indentation or by a dash.

independence /ɪndɪˈpɛndəns/ independences n
indépendance
The quality or state of being independent; lack of dependence; the state of not being reliant on, or controlled by, others.
The state of having sufficient means for a comfortable livelihood.

independence day independence days n
jour de l'indépendance
An annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of a nation's assumption of independent statehood.

independent /ˌɪn.dɪˈpɛn.dənt/ more independent most independent adj
indépendant
Not dependent; not contingent or depending on something else; free.

independent variable independent variables n
variable indépendante
(algebra) In an equation, any variable whose value is not dependent on any other in the equation.

independentism n
indépendantisme

independentist /ɪndəˈpɛndəntɪst/ independentists n
indépendantiste

independentize v
indépendantiser
To make independent.

independently /ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli/ more independently most independently adv
indépendamment
In an independent manner.

indescribable /ɪndɪˈskɹaɪbəbl̩/ more indescribable most indescribable adj
indescriptible
Impossible (or very difficult) to describe.
Exceeding all description.

indescribably more indescribably most indescribably adv
indescriptiblement inexprimablement
In an indescribable manner.

indestructible adj
indestructible
Not destructible; incapable of decomposition or of being destroyed; invincible.

indeterminable more indeterminable most indeterminable adj
indéterminable

indeterminant indeterminants n
indéterminée
(mathematics) A variable with no value assigned to it; for example the variables in a polynomial.

indeterminate /ɪndɪˈtɜː(ɹ)mɪnət/ more indeterminate most indeterminate adj
indéterminé
Not accurately determined or determinable.

indeterminate /ɪndɪˈtɜː(ɹ)mɪnət/ indeterminates n
indéterminée
(algebra, strict sense) A symbol that resembles a variable or parameter but is used purely formally and neither signifies nor is ever assigned a particular value;(loose sense) a variable.

index /ˈɪndɛks/ index's indexes indices n
index
An alphabetical listing of items and their location.
indice
(economics) A single number calculated from an array of prices or of quantities.

index /ˈɪndɛks/ v
indexer
(chiefly, economics) To normalise in order to account for inflation; to correct for inflation by linking to a price index in order to maintain real levels.

index card index cards n
fiche
A piece of heavy paper stock used to record information to be stored in an index.

index case index cases n
patient zéro
(epidemiology) The first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population or the first case of interest in an epidemiological investigation; the case of patient zero.

indexation indexations n
indexation

indexing indexings n
indexation

indicate /ˈɪndɪˌkeɪt/ v
indiquer signaler
To point out; to discover; to direct to a knowledge of; to show; to make known.
indiquer
To show or manifest by symptoms; to point to as the proper remedies.

indication /ɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ indications n
indication
A fact that shows that something exists or may happen.
symbole
(rare) A mark or another symbol used to represent something.

indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/ more indicative most indicative adj
indicatif
serving as a sign, indication or suggestion of something
(grammar) of, or relating to the indicative mood

indicative /ɪnˈdɪk.ə.tɪv/ indicatives n
indicatif
(grammar, uncountable) The indicative mood.

indicative mood indicative moods n
indicatif
(grammar) The mood of a verb used in ordinary, factual, or objective statements.

indicator /ˈɪn.dɪ.ˌkeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ indicators n
indicateur
A pointer or index that indicates something.
(economics) A measure, such as unemployment rate, which can be used to predict economic trends.
aiguille
The needle or dial on such a meter.
clignotant signofile
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland , automotive ) A turn signal; each of the flashing lights on each side of a vehicle which indicate a turn is being made to left or right, or a lane change etc.

indict /ˌɪnˈdaɪt/ v
accuser
To accuse of wrongdoing; charge.
inculper
(legal) To make a formal accusation or indictment for a crime against (a party) by the findings of a jury, especially a grand jury.

indiction /ɪnˈdɪkʃən/ indictions n
indiction
(historical) A fiscal period of fifteen years, instituted by Constantine in 313 C.E. (but counting from 1st September 312), used throughout the Middle Ages as a way of dating events, documents etc.

indictment /ɪnˈdaɪt.mənt/ indictments n
acte d'accusation
(legal) The official legal document outlining the charges concerned; bill of indictment. [from 16th c.]
inculpation mise en examen
(countable, uncountable) An accusation of wrongdoing; a criticism or condemnation. [from 19th c.]

indifference /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹəns/ indifferences n
indifférence
The state of being indifferent.

indifferent /ɪnˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt/ /ɪnˈdɪf.ɹənt/ more indifferent most indifferent adj
indifférent
Not making a difference; without significance or importance.
(obsolete) Not different, matching.

indifferentiation indifferentiations n
indifférenciation

indigence /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒəns/ indigences n
indigence
Extreme poverty or destitution.

indigenous /ɪnˈdɪdʒɪnəs/ /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒənəs/ /ɪnˈdɪd͡ʒɪnəs/ adj
indigène autochtone aborigène
Born or originating in, native to a land or region, especially before an intrusion. [from 17th c.]
In particular, of or relating to a people (or their language or culture) that inhabited a region prior to the arrival of people of other cultures which became dominant (e.g., through colonialism), and which maintains a distinct culture.
congénital inné
Innate, inborn. [from 19th c.]

indigent /ɪnˈd(a)ɪd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒənt/ more indigent most indigent adj
indigent nécessiteux
Poor; destitute; in need.

indigent /ɪnˈd(a)ɪd͡ʒənt/ /ˈɪndɪd͡ʒənt/ indigents n
indigent nécessiteux
A person in need, or in poverty.

indigestible more indigestible most indigestible adj
indigeste
Difficult or impossible to digest.

indigestion indigestions n
indigestion
A condition of heartburn, nausea, or other stomach-related pain, sometimes caused by eating too quickly.

indignant /ɪnˈdɪɡ.nənt/ more indignant most indignant adj
indigné
Showing anger or indignation, especially at something unjust or wrong.

indignation /ˌɪn.dɪɡ.ˈneɪ.ʃən/ indignations n
indignation
An anger aroused by something perceived as an indignity, notably an offense or injustice.
A self-righteous anger or disgust.

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ more indigo most indigo adj
indigo
having a deep purplish-blue colour

indigo /ˈɪn.dɪˌɡəʊ/ /ˈɪndɪˌɡoʊ/ indigoes indigos n
indigo
A purplish-blue colour.
An indigo-colored dye obtained from certain plants (the indigo plant or woad), or a similar synthetic dye.

indigo bunting indigo buntings n
ministre
A blue bunting of North America (Passerina cyanea).

indirect /ˌɪndaɪˈɹɛkt/ /ˌɪndəˈɹɛkt/ /ˌɪndɪˈɹɛkt/ more indirect most indirect adj
indirect
Not direct

indirect cost indirect costs n
coût indirect

indirect free kick indirect free kicks n
coup franc indirect
(soccer) a free kick from which a goal may be scored only after the ball has been played by at least one other player

indirect kiss indirect kisses n
baiser indirect
The act of kissing an object that someone else kissed recently, symbolizing a kiss between the two people.

indirect object indirect objects n
COI complément d'objet indirect complément d'objet second objet indirect
(grammar) A grammatical role of a ditransitive verb that manifests a secondary or passive participant in an action, often a recipient or goal.

indirect question indirect questions n
interrogative indirecte

indiscreet indiscreeter indiscreetest adj
indiscret
Not discreet; lacking in discretion.

indiscretion /ˌɪndɪsˈkɹɛʃən/ indiscretions n
indiscrétion
The quality or state of being indiscreet; lack of discretion
An indiscreet or imprudent act; indiscreet behavior.

indiscriminate /ɪn.dɪsˈkɹɪm.ɪn.ət/ more indiscriminate most indiscriminate adj
indiscriminé
Without care or making distinctions, thoughtless.

indiscriminately more indiscriminately most indiscriminately adv
indistinctement sans distinction à tort et à travers
In an indiscriminate manner.

indispensable /ɪndɪˈspɛnsəbəl/ more indispensable most indispensable adj
indispensable
(ecclesiastical, obsolete) Not admitting ecclesiastical dispensation; not subject to release or exemption; that cannot be allowed by bending the canonical rules. [16th–17th c.]
Absolutely necessary or requisite; that one cannot do without. [from 17th c.]

indisputable /ˌɪn.dɪˈspju.tə.bəɫ/ /ˌɪn.dɪˈspjuː.tə.bəɫ/ more indisputable most indisputable adj
indiscutable irréfutable incontestable
Not disputable; not open to question; obviously true

indissociable more indissociable most indissociable adj
indissociable

indissolubility n
indissolubilité

indissolubly more indissolubly most indissolubly adv
indissolublement
In an indissoluble manner; in a manner that is unable to be dissolved.

indistinctly more indistinctly most indistinctly adv
indistinctement
In an indistinct manner.

indistinguishability indistinguishabilities n
indistinguabilité
The state of being indistinguishable

indistinguishable more indistinguishable most indistinguishable adj
indistinguable indistinguible
Not distinguishable; not capable of being perceived, known, or discriminated as separate and distinct

indium /ˈɪndi.əm/ indiums n
indium
A chemical element (symbol In) with an atomic number of 49: a soft silvery-white metal.

individual /ɪndɪˈvɪdjʊ(ə)l/ /ɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒʊ(ə)l/ /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əl/ more individual most individual adj
individuelle
individuel
Relating to a single person or thing as opposed to more than one.
Intended for a single person as opposed to more than one person.

individual /ɪndɪˈvɪdjʊ(ə)l/ /ɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒʊ(ə)l/ /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əl/ individuals n
individu
A person considered alone, rather than as belonging to a group of people.
(legal) A single physical human being as a legal subject, as opposed to a legal person such as a corporation.
(statistics) An element belonging to a population.

individual pursuit n
poursuite individuelle
(cycle racing) A discipline in track cycling where two opposing cyclists start on opposite sides of the track and try to catch their opponent, or get a faster time over a pre-decided distance.

individualism individualisms n
individualisme
The tendency for a person to act without reference to others, particularly in matters of style, fashion or mode of thought.
The moral stance, political philosophy, or social outlook that promotes independence and self-reliance of individual people, while opposing the interference with each person's choices by society, the state, or any other group or institution.

individualist individualists n
individualiste
Someone who believes in individualism as a sociopolitical system.

individualistic more individualistic most individualistic adj
individualiste
More interested in individual people than in society as a whole

individuality /ˌɪndɪvɪd͡ʒuˈælɪti/ individualities n
individualité
(uncountable) The characteristics that contribute to the differentiation or distinction of someone or something from a group of otherwise comparable identity.

individualization individualizations n
individualisation
The act of individualizing; the state of being individualized.

individually /ˌɪndə-/ /ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒ(u)əli/ adv
individuellement
As individuals, separately, independently.

indivinity n
indivinité
(obsolete) Absence of divinity or divine power.

indivisibility indivisibilities n
indivisibilité
(uncountable) The state of being indivisible. The state incapable of being divided.

indocility indocilities n
indocilité
the quality or condition of being indocile

indoctrinate v
endoctriner
To teach with a biased, one-sided or uncritical ideology; to brainwash.

indoctrination indoctrinations n
endoctrinement
The act of indoctrinating, or the condition of being indoctrinated

indole /ˈɪndɒl/ /ˈɪndəʊl/ indoles n
indole
(organic compound) An organic compound, C8H7N, found in coal tar, and produced in the gut by the bacterial decomposition of tryptophan; it is an aromatic bicyclic heterocycle having a benzene ring fused with a pyrrole ring; indole and its derivatives occur widely in nature and have many industrial applications.

indolence /ˈɪndl̩(ə)ns/ /ˈɪndl̩əns/ /ˈɪndəl(ə)ns/ indolences n
indolence oisiveté
Habitual laziness or sloth.

indolent /ˈɪn.də.lənt/ more indolent most indolent adj
indolent
Habitually lazy, procrastinating, or resistant to physical labor
(medicine) Causing little or no physical pain; progressing slowly; inactive (of an ulcer, etc.)

indoline indolines n
indoline

indomitable /ɪnˈdɑmɪtəbl̩/ /ɪnˈdɒmɪtəbl̩/ more indomitable most indomitable adj
indomptable irréductible
Incapable of being subdued, overcome, or vanquished.

indoor /ˈɪndɔɹ/ /ˈɪndɔː/ adj
d'intérieur intérieur salle
Situated in, or designed to be used in, or carried on within, the interior of a building.

indoors /ɪnˈdɔɹz/ /ɪnˈdɔːz/ adv
dedans à l'intérieur
Inside, into, or within a building.

indri /ˈɪndɹi/ indris n
indri
One of the largest living lemurs (Indri indri), native to Madagascar.

indubitable /ɪnˈdjuːbɪtəbəl/ /ɪnˈdubɪtəbəl/ more indubitable most indubitable adj
indubitable
clearly true; providing no possibility of doubt.

indubitably /ɪnˈdjuː.bɪ.tə.bli/ /ɪnˈdu.bɪ.tə.bli/ more indubitably most indubitably adv
indubitablement
In a manner that leaves no possibility of doubt; undoubtedly.

induce /ɪnˈdjuːs/ /ɪnˈduːs/ v
induire
(transitive) To cause, bring about, lead to.

induced coma induced comas n
coma artificiel

inducible adj
inductible
Able to be induced or caused.

induct /ɪnˈdʌkt/ v
initier
To bring in as a member; to make a part of.
introniser
To formally or ceremoniously install in an office, position, etc.
incorporer
To draft into military service.
présenter
(obsolete) To introduce; to bring in.

induction /ɪnˈdʌkʃən/ inductions n
induction
(embryology) Given a group of cells that emits or displays a substance, the influence of this substance on the fate of a second group of cells
(logic) Derivation of general principles from specific instances.
(physics) Generation of an electric current by a varying magnetic field.

inductive /ɪnˈdʌktɪv/ more inductive most inductive adj
inductif
(logic) Of, or relating to logical induction.

inductivism inductivisms n
inductivisme

inductor inductors n
inductance
(electronics) A passive device that introduces inductance into an electrical circuit.

indulge /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒ/ v
choyer dorloter gâter
(transitive) To satisfy the wishes or whims of.
céder succomber
To give way to (a habit or temptation); to not oppose or restrain.

indulgence /ɪnˈdʌl.d͡ʒəns/ indulgences n
indulgence
The act of indulging.
(Roman Catholicism) A pardon or release from the expectation of punishment in purgatory, after the sinner has been granted absolution.

indulgent /ɪnˈdʌld͡ʒənt/ more indulgent most indulgent adj
indulgent
Disposed or prone to indulge, humor, gratify, or yield to one's own or another's desires, etc., or to be compliant, lenient, or forbearing;

indurate /ɪnˈdjʊɹeɪt/ /ɪnˈdjʊɹət/ v
indurer
To harden or to grow hard.

industrial /ɪnˈdʌstɹɪəl/ more industrial most industrial adj
industriel
Of or relating to industry, notably manufacturing.
(of a society or country) Having many industries; industrialized.

industrial design n
design industriel
A process of design applied to products that are to be manufactured through techniques of mass production.

industrial espionage n
espionnage industriel
The use of clandestine methods to acquire secret information for commercial advantage.

industrial output industrial outputs n
production industrielle
(economics, accounting) What an industry produces, as a national total.

industrial park industrial parks n
parc industriel zone industrielle
An area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development.

industrial peace n
paix industrielle
A state in industrial relations in which both employer and employees abstain from industrial action, such as strikes and lockouts.

industrial relations n
relations industrielles
The relationship between management and workers in a given industry.

industrialism industrialisms n
industrialisme
The socio-economic system based upon the industrial production of manufactured goods, rather than on agriculture.

industrialist industrialists n
industriel
A person involved in the ownership or management of an industrial enterprise.

industrialization industrializations n
industrialisation
A process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a preindustrial to an industrial state.

industrialize /ɪnˈdʌstɹiəlaɪz/ v
industrialiser
(of a country) To develop industry; to become industrial.

industrialized adj
industrialisé
Having undergone industrialization

industrious /ɪnˈdʌstɹi.əs/ more industrious most industrious adj
industrieux diligent
Hard-working and persistent.

industry /ˈɪndəstɹi/ industries n
industrie
(uncountable) The tendency to work persistently. Diligence.
(countable, business, economics) Businesses of the same type, considered as a whole. Trade.
(uncountable, economics) Businesses that produce goods as opposed to services.

inebriate /ɪˈniːbɹieɪt/ /ɪˈniːbɹiət/ inebriates n
ivrogne
A person who is intoxicated, especially one who is habitually drunk.

inebriate /ɪˈniːbɹieɪt/ /ɪˈniːbɹiət/ v
enivrer bourrer saouler souler soûler
(transitive) To cause to be drunk; to intoxicate.
enivrer
(transitive, figurative) To disorder the senses of; to exhilarate, elate or stupefy as if by spirituous drink.
(intransitive) To become drunk.

inedible adj
immangeable
not edible; not appropriate, worthy, or safe to eat

ineffability ineffabilities n
ineffabilité
The quality or state of being ineffable.

ineffable /ɪˈnɛf.ə.bəl/ /ˌɪnˈɛf.ə.bəl/ adj
ineffable innommable
Beyond expression in words; unspeakable. [from 1450]
inexprimable sacré tabou
Forbidden to be uttered; taboo.

inefficiency inefficiencies n
inefficacité
Lack of efficiency or effectiveness.

inefficient /ˌɪn.ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/ more inefficient most inefficient adj
inefficace
Not efficient; not producing the effect intended or desired; inefficacious

inelasticity inelasticities n
inélasticité
The quality of being inflexible.

inelegant /ɪnˈɛlɪɡənt/ more inelegant most inelegant adj
inélégant
Not elegant; not exhibiting neatness, refinement, or precision.

inelegantly more inelegantly most inelegantly adv
inélégamment
In an inelegant manner.

ineligibility ineligibilities n
inéligibilité
The state or quality of being ineligible.

ineligible more ineligible most ineligible adj
inéligible
Not eligible; forbidden to do something.

ineluctable /ɪn.ɪˈlʌk.tə.bəl/ more ineluctable most ineluctable adj
inéluctable
Impossible to avoid or escape; inescapable, irresistible.

inenarrable /ɪnɪˈnæɹəb(ə)l/ more inenarrable most inenarrable adj
inénarrable
(formal, literary) That cannot be told; indescribable, inexpressible, unspeakable.

inept /ɪnˈɛpt/ more inept most inept adj
inepte
Not able to do something; not proficient; displaying incompetence.

ineptitude ineptitudes n
stupidité
The quality of being inept.

inequality /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ti/ /ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/ [ˌɪn.ɪˈkwɑ.lɪ.ɾi] inequalities n
inégalité
An unfair, not equal, state.
inéquation inégalité
(mathematics) A statement that of two quantities one is specifically less than (or greater than) another. Symbol: < or \leq or > or \geq or \ne, as appropriate.

inequitable adj
inéquitable
unfair, unequal or unjust.

ineradicable adj
inéradicable
Not able to be eradicated; (of a root, plant, etc.) too deep to remove.

inerrancy /ɪˈnɛɹənsi/ inerrancies n
inerrance
Freedom from error.

inert gas inert gases n
gaz inerte
(chemistry) A gas which does not undergo chemical reactions.

inertia /ɪnˈɜː.ʃə/ /ɪnˈɝ.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɜː.ʃə/ /ɪˈnɝ.ʃə/ inertiae inertias inertiæ n
inertie
(figuratively) In a person, unwillingness to take action.

inertial adj
inertiel
Of, relating to, or depending on inertia.

inertness inertnesses n
inertie
Lack of activity or exertion; habitual indisposition to action or motion
Absence of the power of self-motion; inertia.
(chemistry) Quality of being unreactive with other chemical compounds or elements.

inescapable more inescapable most inescapable adj
inévitable inéluctable
Impossible (unable) to avoid or escape; not escapable.

inessive inessives n
inessif
(grammar) The inessive case, or a word in that case.

inestimable /ɪnˈɛstɪməbl/ /ɪˈnɛːs.tɪ.mə.bəl/ adj
inappréciable
Venerable, great.

inevitable /ɪnˈɛvɪtəbəl/ adj
inévitable
Impossible to avoid or prevent.
Predictable or always happening.

inevitably /ɪˈnɛvətəbli/ /ɪˈnɛvɪtəbli/ adv
inévitablement
In a manner that is impossible to avoid or prevent.
As usual; predictably; as expected.

inexcusable more inexcusable most inexcusable adj
inexcusable
not excusable

inexcusably more inexcusably most inexcusably adv
inexcusablement
In an inexcusable manner.

inexecution n
inexécution
Failure to execute or carry out.

inexhaustible /ɪnɪɡˈzɔːstɪbl̩/ adj
inépuisable
Impossible to exhaust; unlimited.

inexorable /ɪnˈɛksɔɹəbəl/ /ɪnˈɛksɹəb(ə)l/ /ɪˈnɛksɚəb(ə)l/ more inexorable most inexorable adj
inexorable
Impossible to prevent or stop; inevitable. [from mid 16th c.]
Unable to be persuaded; relentless; unrelenting. [from mid 16th c.]

inexorably /ɪnˈɛk.sə.ɹə.bli/ [ɪnˈɛɡ.zə.ɹə.bli] more inexorably most inexorably adv
impitoyablement inexorablement inéluctablement inévitablement
In an inexorable manner; without the possibility of stopping or prevention.

inexpensive more inexpensive most inexpensive adj
bon marché
low in price

inexperience inexperiences n
inexpérience
A lack of experience.

inexperienced /ɪnəkˈspɪəɹi.ənst/ more inexperienced most inexperienced adj
inexpérimenté
Not experienced; lacking knowledge or experience; green.

inexplicable /ɪnˈɛk.splɪ.kə.bəl/ /ˌɪn.ɪkˈsplɪ.kə.bl̩/ more inexplicable most inexplicable adj
inexplicable
Impossible to explain; not easily accounted for.

inexplicably more inexplicably most inexplicably adv
inexplicablement sans raison
In an inexplicable manner; for an unknown reason.

inexpressible more inexpressible most inexpressible adj
inexprimable
Unable to be expressed; not able to be put into words.

inexpressiveness n
inexpressivité
The quality of being inexpressive.

inexpugnable /ˌɪnɛkˈspʌɡnəbəl/ /ˌɪnɪkˈspʌɡnəbəl/ more inexpugnable most inexpugnable adj
inexpugnable
Impossible to eliminate or destroy; impregnable.

inextinguishable more inextinguishable most inextinguishable adj
inextinguible
Incapable of being extinguished, not extinguishable.

inextricable adj
inextricable
(of a knot etc) Impossible to untie or disentangle.
(of a maze etc) Impossible to escape from.

infallibility /ɪnˌfæləˈbɪləti/ /ˌɪnˌfæləˈbɪləti/ infallibilities n
infaillibilité
The property of being infallible; the ability to never make a mistake.

infallible /ɪnˈfæl.ɪ.bl̩/ more infallible most infallible adj
infaillible
Without fault or weakness; incapable of error or fallacy.

infallibly more infallibly most infallibly adv
infailliblement
In an infallible manner.

infamous /ˈɪnfəməs/ more infamous most infamous adj
abominable infâme
Causing infamy; disgraceful.
tristement célèbre
(UK, historical) Subject to a judicial punishment that deprived the infamous person of certain rights; this included a prohibition against holding public office, exercising the franchise, receiving a public pension, serving on a jury, or giving testimony in a court of law.

infamy /ˈɪnfəmi/ infamies n
infamie
The state of being infamous.

infant /ˈɪn.fənt/ infants n
nourrisson poupon enfant en bas âge
A very young human being, from birth to somewhere between six months and two years of age after birth, needing almost constant care and attention.

infant mortality infant mortalities n
mortalité infantile
The occurrence of death of very young children under one year old.

infante infantes n
infant
(historical) Any son of the king of Spain or Portugal, except the eldest or heir apparent.

infanticide /ɪnˈfæntɪsaɪd/ infanticides n
infanticide
The murder of an infant.
(law, Canada) The criminal offence of killing of a newborn, committed by its mother while psychologically disturbed by the effects of childbirth or lactation, not regarded as murder.
The murderer of a child: a person who has committed infanticide.

infantile /ˈɪnfəntaɪl/ more infantile most infantile adj
infantile
Pertaining to infants.
Childish; immature.

infantilization infantilizations n
infantilisation

infantilize /ɪn.ˈfæn.tɪ.laɪz/ v
infantiliser
(transitive) To reduce (a person) to the state or status of an infant.
(transitive) To treat (a person) like a child.

infantry /ˈɪnfəntɹi/ infantries n
infanterie
Soldiers who fight on foot (on land), as opposed to cavalry and other mounted units, regardless of external transport (e.g. airborne).
infanterie fantassins
(uncountable) The part of an army consisting of infantry soldiers, especially opposed to mounted and technical troops.
régiment d'infanterie
A regiment of infantry.

infantry fighting vehicle infantry fighting vehicles n
véhicule de combat d'infanterie
(military) An armoured combat vehicle designed to carry infantry soldiers and provide fire support for them.

infantryman infantrymen n
fantassin
(military) a soldier employed in an infantry role
(by restriction) a male soldier of the infantry

infarct /ɪnˈfɑrkt/ infarcts n
infarctus
(pathology) An area of dead tissue caused by a loss of blood supply; a localized necrosis.

infarction infarctions n
infarctus
(pathology) The process which causes an infarct.

infatuation infatuations n
amourette béguin
An immensely strong love or sexual attraction.
engouement
(obsolete) The act of infatuating; the state of being infatuated; madness.

infeasible more infeasible most infeasible adj
infaisable
Not feasible.

infect /ɪnˈfɛkt/ v
infecter contaminer
(transitive) To bring (the body or part of it) into contact with a substance that causes illness (a pathogen), so that the pathogen begins to act on the body; (of a pathogen) to come into contact with (a body or body part) and begin to act on it.
(transitive) To make somebody enthusiastic about one's own passion, or to communicate a feeling to others, or a feeling communicating itself to others.

infected more infected most infected adj
infecté
Having an infection.

infectiology n
infectiologie infectologie

infection /ɪnˈfɛkʃən/ infections n
infection
(pathology) The act or process of infecting.
An uncontrolled growth of harmful microorganisms in a host.

infectious more infectious most infectious adj
infectieux
(pathology, of an illness) Caused by an agent that enters the host's body (such as a bacterium, virus, parasite, or prion); often, also, transmitted among hosts via any of various routes (for example, contact, droplet-borne, airborne, waterborne, foodborne, fomite-borne, or bloodborne).
contagieux
(pathology, of a person) Able to infect others.
communicatif
(of feelings and behaviour) Spreading quickly from one person to another.

infectious disease infectious diseases n
maladie infectieuse
(medicine) An illness caused by a specific infectious agent (bacterium, virus, fungus, protozoa, prion etc.), that results from transmission of that agent from an infected person, animal, or reservoir to a susceptible host.
maladie infectieuse infectiologie
(medicine) A medical specialty dealing with the diagnosis, control and treatment of infections.

infectious disease specialist infectious disease specialists n
infectiologue infectologue
(medicine) A physician who specializes in the medical field of infectious diseases.

infectiousness n
infectiosité nature infectieuse
The state or condition of being infectious.

infelicitous /ˌɪn.fəˈlɪs.ə.təs/ /ˌɪn.fəˈlɪs.ɪ.təs/ /ˌɪn.fɛlˈɪs.ɪ.təs/ /ˌɪn.fɪˈlɪs.ɪ.təs/ more infelicitous most infelicitous adj
infortuné
Unhappy or unfortunate.
gauche inadéquat maladroit malheureux
Inappropriate or awkward; not well said, expressed, or done.

infer /ɪnˈfɜː/ /ɪnˈfɝ/ v
déduire inférer
(transitive) To introduce (something) as a reasoned conclusion; to conclude by reasoning or deduction, as from premises or evidence. [from 16th c.]

inference /ˈɪn.fə.ɹəns/ /ˈɪn.fɚ.əns/ [ˈɪɱ.fə.ɹəns] [ˈɪɱ.fɚ.əns] [ˈɪɱ.fɹəns] inferences n
inférence déduction
(uncountable) The act or process of inferring by deduction or induction.

inferential more inferential most inferential adj
inférentiel

inferior /ɪnˈfɪə.ɹi.ə/ /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/ more inferior most inferior adj
inférieur
Of low rank, standard or quality.
Located below:

inferior /ɪnˈfɪə.ɹi.ə/ /ɪnˈfɪɹ.i.ɚ/ inferiors n
inférieur
A person of lower rank, stature, or ability to another.

inferiority inferiorities n
infériorité
The quality or state of being inferior.

inferiority complex inferiority complexes n
sentiment d'infériorité complexe d'infériorité
(psychology) A sense of inferiority; the feeling that one is inferior to others in certain aspects.

infernal /ɪnˈfɜː(ɹ)nəl/ /ɪnˈfɝnəl/ more infernal most infernal adj
infernal
Of or relating to hell, or the world of the dead; hellish.

inferno /ɪnˈfɝnoʊ/ infernos n
enfer
A place or situation resembling Hell.
brasier incendie
A large fire; a conflagration.

infertile /ɪnˈfɜː(ɹ)taɪl/ /ɪnˈfɝtɪl/ more infertile most infertile adj
stérile infertile
Not fertile.

infertility infertilities n
infertilité

infeudate v
inféoder
(transitive, Middle Ages) To invest (someone) with feudal powers.

infibulation /ɪnfɪbjʊˈleɪʃən/ infibulations n
infibulation

infidel /ˈɪn.fə.dl̩/ /ˈɪn.fə.ˌdɛl/ infidels n
infidèle incroyant mécréant
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain religion.
(now, usually, derogatory) One who does not believe in a certain principle.

infidelity /ˌɪnfɪˈdɛlɪti/ infidelities n
infidélité
Unfaithfulness in a marriage or an intimate (sexual or romantic) relationship: practice or instance of having a sexual or romantic affair with someone other than one's spouse, without the consent of the spouse.

infield fly infield flies n
chandelle intérieure
(baseball) A batted ball which is in play and subject to the infield fly rule.

infighting infightings n
dispute interne
Fighting or quarreling among the members of a single group or side.

infiltrate /ɪnˈfɪltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfəltɹeɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪltɹeɪt/ v
infiltrer
(ambitransitive) To surreptitiously penetrate, enter or gain access to.

infiltration /ɪnfɪlˈtɹeɪʃən/ infiltrations n
infiltration
The act or process of infiltrating, as of water into a porous substance, or of a fluid into the cells of an organ or part of the body.
The substance which has entered the pores or cavities of a body.
The act of secretly entering a physical location and/or organization.

infiltrator /ˈɪnfɪltɹeɪtɔː/ /ˈɪnfɪltɹeɪtə/ infiltrators infiltratrix n
infiltrateur
One who infiltrates an organization or territory; an undercover or covert agent.

infimum /ɪnˈfaɪməm/ /ɪnˈfiːməm/ infima infimums n
infimum
(mathematics) (of a subset) the greatest element of the containing set that is smaller than or equal to all elements of the subset. The infimum may or may not be a member of the subset.

infinite /ˈɪnfənɪt/ /ˈɪnfɪnɪt/ more infinite most infinite adj
infini
Indefinably large, countlessly great; immense. [from 14th c.]
Boundless, endless, without end or limits; innumerable. [from 15th c.]
(mathematics) Greater than any positive quantity or magnitude; limitless. [from 17th c.]
(set theory, of a set) Having infinitely many elements.
un nombre infini de
(with plural noun) Infinitely many. [from 15th c.]

infinite loop infinite loops n
boucle infinie

infinite recursion infinite recursions n
récursion infinie

infinitely /ˈɪnfɪnɪtli/ more infinitely most infinitely adv
infiniment à l'infini
In an infinite manner; as of anything growing without bounds; endlessly.

infinitesimal /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/ more infinitesimal most infinitesimal adj
infinitésimal
(informal) Very small.

infinitesimal /ˌɪnfɪnɪˈtɛsɪməl/ infinitesimals n
infinitésimal
(mathematics) A non-zero quantity whose magnitude is smaller than any positive number (by definition it is not a real number).

infinitesimal calculus n
calcul infinitésimal
(calculus) Differential calculus and integral calculus considered together as a single subject.

infinitesimally more infinitesimally most infinitesimally adv
infinitésimalement

infinitism n
infinitisme
(philosophy) The view that knowledge may be justified by an infinitely long chain of reasoning.

infinitive /ɪnˈfɪnətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/ infinitives n
infinitif
(grammar) The infinitive mood or mode (a grammatical mood).
(grammar) A non-finite verb form considered neutral with respect to inflection; depending on language variously found used with auxiliary verbs, in subordinate clauses, or acting as a gerund, and often as the dictionary form.

infinity /ɪnˈfɪnɪti/ infinities n
infinité
(uncountable) endlessness, unlimitedness, absence of a beginning, end or limits to size.
(countable, mathematics) A number that has an infinite numerical value that cannot be counted.
infini infinité
(uncountable) A number which is very large compared to some characteristic number. For example, in optics, an object which is much further away than the focal length of a lens is said to be "at infinity", as the distance of the image from the lens varies very little as the distance increases further.

infirm /ɪnˈfɝm/ infirmer infirmest adj
infirme
Weak or ill, not in good health.
Irresolute; weak of mind or will.

infirm /ɪnˈfɝm/ v
infirmer
To contradict, to provide proof that something is not.

infirmary /ɪnˈfɝməɹi/ infirmaries n
infirmerie
A place where sick or injured people are cared for, especially a small hospital; sickhouse.
A clinic or dispensary within another institution.

infirmity infirmities n
infirmité
feebleness, frailty or ailment, especially due to old age.

infix /ɪnˈfɪks/ /ˈɪnfɪks/ infixes n
infixe
(linguistics, proscribed) A morpheme that always appears between other morphemes in a word, such as -i- and -o- in English (i.e. an interfix).

infixation /ɪnfɪkˈseɪʃən/ infixations n
infixation
(linguistic morphology) Word-formation involving an infix or infixes; adding an infix to a word.

inflame /ɪnˈfleɪm/ v
allumer
(transitive) To set on fire; to kindle; to cause to burn, flame, or glow.

inflamed /ɪnˈfleɪmd/ more inflamed most inflamed adj
enflammé
Resulting from or affected by inflammation.

inflammable /ɪnˈflæməbəl/ more inflammable most inflammable adj
inflammable
Capable of burning; easily set on fire.

inflammation /ɪnfləˈmeɪʃən/ inflammations n
inflammation
(pathology) A condition of any part of the body, consisting of congestion of the blood vessels, with obstruction of the blood current, and growth of morbid tissue. It is manifested outwardly by redness and swelling, attended with heat and pain.

inflammatory /ɪnˈflæmətəɹi/ /ɪnˈflæmətɹi/ /ɪnˈflæməˌtɔɹi/ more inflammatory most inflammatory adj
inflammatoire
Relating to, causing, or caused by inflammation.

inflatable /ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl/ more inflatable most inflatable adj
gonflable pneumatique
Able to be inflated or blown up.

inflatable /ɪnˈfleɪtəbəl/ inflatables n
bateau gonflable bateau pneumatique
(nautical) A boat or dinghy that may be inflated when needed.

inflate /ɪnˈfleɪt/ v
gonfler enfler
(transitive) To enlarge an object by pushing air (or a gas) into it; to raise or expand abnormally
gonfler se gonfler
(intransitive) To enlarge by filling with air (or a gas).

inflated more inflated most inflated adj
gonflé
Filled with air or fluid
(figuratively) Pompous; arrogant (of a person or ego)

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪʃən/ inflations n
inflation
An act, instance of, or state of expansion or increase in size, especially by injection of a gas.
(economics) An increase in the general level of prices or in the cost of living.

inflect /ɪnˈflɛkt/ v
infléchir
(transitive, grammar) To vary the form of a word to express tense, gender, number, mood, etc.

inflectable adj
variable
(linguistics) That can be inflected.

inflected more inflected most inflected adj
flexionnel
(linguistics) Having inflected word forms; fusional.

inflection /ɪnˈflɛkʃən/ inflections n
point d'inflexion
flexion
(grammar, uncountable) Change in the form of a word (morphologic change) to express different grammatical categories.
inflexion
A change in pitch or tone of voice.
A turning away from a straight course.

inflectional more inflectional most inflectional adj
flexionnel
(grammar) Of or pertaining to inflection.

inflexibility inflexibilities n
inflexibilité
The quality or state of being inflexible, or not capable of being bent or changed; unyielding stiffness

inflexible /ɪnˈflɛksəbl̩/ more inflexible most inflexible adj
inflexible
Not flexible; not capable of bending or being bent.
Not willing to change, e.g. one's opinion or habits.
Not able to be changed or adapted to circumstances.

inflexibly more inflexibly most inflexibly adv
inflexiblement
With a firmness that resists all importunity or persuasion; in an inflexible, unyielding or immovable manner; relentlessly.

inflict /ɪnˈflɪkt/ v
infliger
To thrust upon; to impose.

inflorescence /ˌɪnflɔːˈɹɛsəns/ /ˌɪnfləˈɹɛsəns/ inflorescences n
inflorescence
(botany) Flower cluster; a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches.

inflow inflows n
afflux
Anything which flows in or into

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ influences n
influence
The power to affect, control or manipulate something or someone; the ability to change the development of fluctuating things such as conduct, thoughts or decisions.
An action exerted by a person or thing with such power on another to cause change.
A person or thing exerting such power or action.
(astrology) An element believed to determine someone's character or individual tendencies, caused by the position of the stars and planets at the time of one's birth.

influence /ɪnˈflu.əns/ /ˈɪn.flu.əns/ v
influencer influer
(transitive) To have an effect on by using gentle or subtle action; to exert an influence upon; to modify, bias, or sway; to persuade or induce.

influence peddling n
trafic d'influence
A type of corruption in which people use their connections with governments to gain favors or preferential treatment for a third party, usually in return for money.

influenceable more influenceable most influenceable adj
influençable
Capable of being influenced.

influencer /ˈɪnflu.ənsə(ɹ)/ influencers n
influenceur influenceuse
A person who or a thing which influences. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
influenceuse influenceur
(social media, marketing) A person who is able to influence consumption, lifestyle, and/or political preferences of their online audience by creating and/or engaging social media content, often as a part of a marketing campaign.

influential /ɪnfluˈɛnʃəl/ more influential most influential adj
influent
Having or exerting influence.

influenza /ˌɪn.flu.ˈɛn.tsə/ influenzas influenze n
grippe
(disease) An acute contagious disease of the upper airways and lungs, caused by a virus, which rapidly spreads around the world in seasonal epidemics.

influenzal adj
grippal
of or relating to influenza

influx /ˈɪnˌflʌks/ influxes n
influx
A flow inward or into something; a coming in.

info /ˈɪnfoʊ/ /ˈɪnfəʊ/ n
info
(informal) information.

infocracy n
infocratie

infomercial infomercials n
publireportage
A program-length television commercial, typically between thirty minutes and one hour long, that advertises a product or service by presenting supposedly impartial information about it.

infopreneur infopreneurs n
infopreneur

inform /ɪnˈfɔɹm/ /ɪnˈfɔːm/ v
informer instruire
(intransitive) To impart information or knowledge.
(transitive) To give form or character to; to inspire (with a given quality); to affect, influence (with a pervading principle, idea etc.).
dénoncer
To act as an informer; denounce.
informer
(obsolete, intransitive) To make known, wisely and/or knowledgeably.

informal /ɪnˈfɔɹm(ə)l/ /ɪnˈfɔːm(ə)l/ more informal most informal adj
informel
Not formal or ceremonious.
Not in accord with the usual regulations.
familier informel
(of language) Reflecting everyday, non-ceremonious usage.

informality informalities n
informalité
The condition of being informal.

informally more informally most informally adv
informellement
In an irregular or informal manner; without the usual forms.

informant /ɪnˈfɔɹmənt/ /ɪnˈfɔːmənt/ informants n
informateur informatrice
One who relays confidential information to someone, especially to the police; an informer.

informatics /ɪnfəˈmætɪks/ /ˌɪnfəɹˈmætɪks/ [ˌɪnfɚˈmæɾɪks] n
informatique science de l'information
(computing) A branch of information science and of computer science that focuses on the study of information processing, particularly with respect to systems integration and human interactions with machine and data.

information /ˌɪn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fəˈmæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ informations n
information renseignement informations
Things that are or can be known about a given topic; communicable knowledge of something. [from 14th c.]

information desk information desks n
bureau d'information
A staffed location providing information to the public, especially to visitors or tourists.

information overload n
surcharge informationnelle surinformation
The inability to process everything one hears and sees; the availability or supply of too much information, or a state of stress which results.

information retrieval n
recherche d'information
(information science) The science of searching for information in documents, searching for documents themselves, searching for metadata which describe documents, or searching within databases, whether relational stand-alone databases or hypertextually-networked databases such as the World Wide Web.

information science information sciences n
sciences de l'information
(applied science) A broad and interdisciplinary science that deals with the gathering, classification, storage, manipulation, retrieval and analysis of information as an organized resource.

information security n
sécurité de l'information
The protection of information and information systems from unauthorized access and disruption.

information society information societies n
société de l’information
(sociology) A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.

information superhighway information superhighways n
autoroute de l'information
(dated, computing) The Internet and all other computer networks in the 1990s.

information system information systems n
système d'information
Any data processing system, either manual or computerized.
Any telecommunications system whose primary function is to transmit and/or display data.

information technology information technologies n
informatique technologie de l'information
(computing) The practice of creating and/or studying computer systems and applications.

information theory n
théorie de l'information
(mathematics) A branch of applied mathematics and engineering involving the quantification of information sent over a communication channel, disregarding the meaning of the sent messages, exemplified by the noisy-channel coding theorem.

information warfare n
guerre de l'information infoguerre
The use and management of information in pursuit of an advantage over an opponent, such as propaganda, disinformation, and gathering assurances that one's own information is accurate.

informational /ˌɪnfə(ɹ)ˈmeɪʃənəl/ more informational most informational adj
informationnel
Designed to or able to impart information; possessing information.

informatisation /ˌɪnfə(ɹ)mataɪˈzeɪʃən/ n
informatisation
The process of becoming based on information and information technology.

informative /ɪnˈfoːmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔɹmətɪv/ /ɪnˈfɔːmətɪv/ [ɪnˈfoːməɾɪv] [ɪnˈfɔɹməɾɪv] more informative most informative adj
informatif instructif
Providing information; especially, providing useful or interesting information.

informed /ɪnˈfɔɹmd/ /ɪnˈfɔːmd/ more informed most informed adj
informé
Instructed; having knowledge of a fact or area of education.

informed consent informed consents n
consentement éclairé

infotainment /ˌɪnfoʊˈteɪnmənt/ /ˌɪnfəʊˈteɪnmənt/ infotainments n
infodivertissement
A form of programming (cinematic, television, live action, etc.) that provides both information and entertainment; also known as soft news, the information in infotainment programming consists of mostly celebrity news and human drama. [from 1982]

infra- prefix
infra-
below, beneath, inferior

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ adj
infrarouge
Having a wavelength in the infrared spectrum.

infrared /ɪnfɹəˈɹɛd/ infrareds n
infrarouge
(uncountable) The electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700 nm and 1 mm.

infrasound infrasounds n
infrason infra-son
(physics) Sound waves having a frequency below the human audible range (below about 20 Hz).

infrastructural more infrastructural most infrastructural adj
infrastructurel
Of, relating to or originating in infrastructure.

infrastructure /ˈɪnfɹəˌstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ infrastructures n
infrastructure
(systems theory) An underlying base or foundation especially for an organization or system. [from 1887]
The basic facilities, services and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society.

infringe /ɪnˈfɹɪnd͡ʒ/ v
enfreindre
(transitive) To break or violate a treaty, a law, a right, etc.

infringement /ɪnˈfɹɪnd͡ʒmənt/ infringements n
infraction
A violation or breach, as of a law.

infructescence infructescences n
fructification
(botany) The fruiting stage of an inflorescence
infrutescence
(botany) a group of fruit arranged on a stem in a characteristic pattern

infuriate /ɪnˈfjʊəɹieɪt/ /ɪnˈfjʊəɹɪət/ v
enrager
To make furious or mad with anger; to fill with fury.

infuriating more infuriating most infuriating adj
exaspérant rageant
Extremely annoying, frustrating or irritating

infuse /ɪnˈfjuz/ v
infuser
(transitive) To steep in a liquid, so as to extract the soluble constituents (usually medicinal or herbal).
(transitive, obsolete) To pour in, as a liquid; to pour (into or upon); to shed.

infusion /ɪnˈfjuːʒən/ infusions n
infusion
A product consisting of a liquid which has had other ingredients steeped in it to extract useful qualities.

infusorium infusoria n
infusoire
(biology) Any of the many minute aquatic creatures, such as protozoa and unicellular algae, found in freshwater habitats.

ingeniosity n
ingéniosité
The quality of being ingenious.

ingenious /ɪnˈd͡ʒiːniəs/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒiːnjəs/ more ingenious most ingenious adj
ingénieux
(of a person) Displaying genius or brilliance; inventive.
(of a thing) Characterized by genius; cleverly contrived or done.

ingenuity /ˌɪnd͡ʒəˈn(j)uːəti/ ingenuities n
ingéniosité
The ability to solve difficult problems in original, clever, and inventive ways.

ingenuous /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/ more ingenuous most ingenuous adj
ingénu
Demonstrating childlike simplicity.

ingenuousness ingenuousnesses n
ingénuité
The condition of being ingenuous.

ingest /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
ingérer
(transitive) To take (a substance, e.g., food) into the body of an organism, especially through the mouth and into the gastrointestinal tract.

ingestion /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ ingestions n
ingestion
The process of ingesting, or consuming something orally, whether it be food, drink, medicine, or other substance. It is usually referred to as the first step of digestion.

ingot /ˈɪŋɡət/ ingots n
lingot
A solid block of more or less pure metal, often but not necessarily bricklike in shape and trapezoidal in cross-section, the result of pouring out and cooling molten metal, often immediately after smelting from raw ore or alloying from constituents.

ingratiate /ɪnˈɡɹeɪ.ʃi.eɪt/ v
se faire aimer
(reflexive) To bring oneself into favour with someone by flattering or trying to please them.

ingratiating more ingratiating most ingratiating adj
flagorneur hypocrite

ingratitude /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtjuːd/ /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtud/ /ɪnˈɡɹætɪtʃuːd/ ingratitudes n
ingratitude
A lack or absence of gratitude; thanklessness.

ingredient /ɪnˈɡɹiːdi.ənt/ ingredients n
ingrédient
One of the substances present in a mixture, especially food.

ingress /ɪŋˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈɪŋɡɹɛs/ ingresses n
entrée
The act of entering.
A door or other means of entering.
(astronomy) The entrance of the Moon into the shadow of the Earth in eclipses, or the Sun's entrance into a sign, etc.

ingrown /ɪnˈɡɹoʊn/ /ɪnˈɡɹəʊn/ more ingrown most ingrown adj
incarné
That has grown inwards or abnormally towards (a part of the body)

inguinal /ˈɪŋɡwɪnəl/ adj
inguinal
Of or pertaining to the groin.

inguinal canal inguinal canals n
canal inguinal
One of the two passages in the anterior abdominal wall which in men convey the spermatic cord and in women the round ligament.

inguinodynia n
inguinodynie
(pathology) A pain in the groin, typically appearing after a hernia operation.

inhabit /ɪnˈhæbɪt/ v
habiter
(transitive) To live or reside in.

inhabitable /ɪnˈhæbɪtəbəl/ /ɪnˈhæbɪɾəbəl/ more inhabitable most inhabitable adj
habitable
Fit to live in; habitable.

inhabitant /ɪnˈhæ.bɪ.tənt/ inhabitants n
habitant habitante résident résidente
Someone or thing who lives in a place.

inhabited /ɪnˈhæbɪtɪd/ adj
habité
Having inhabitants; lived in.

inhalation /ˌɪnhəˈleɪʃən/ [ˌɪnɦəˈleɪʃn̩] inhalations n
inhalation
The act of inhaling; inbreathing.

inhale /ɪnˈheɪl/ v
inspirer
(intransitive) To draw air into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.
inhaler aspirer
(transitive) To draw air or any form of gas (either in a pure form, or mixed with small particles in form of aerosols/smoke -sometimes stemming from a medicament) into the lungs, through the nose or mouth by action of the diaphragm.
ingurgiter
(transitive, figuratively) To eat very quickly.

inhaler inhalers n
inhalateur
(medicine) A device with a canister holding medicine (either in powder or gas form) which is sprayed and inhaled by the patient, often for treating asthma and other respiratory diseases.

inharmonicity inharmonicities n
inharmonie

inhere /ɪnˈhɪə/ v
être inhérent à
(uncommon) To be inherent; to be an essential or intrinsic part of; to be fixed or permanently incorporated with something.

inherent /ɪnˈhɛɹənt/ /ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/ adj
inhérent intrinsèque
Naturally as part or consequence of something.

inherently /ɪnˈhɛɹəntli/ more inherently most inherently adv
intrinsèquement
In an inherent way; naturally, innately.

inherit /ɪnˈhɛɹɪt/ v
hériter
(transitive) To take possession of as a right (especially in Biblical translations).
(transitive) To receive (property, a title, etc.), by legal succession or bequest after the previous owner's death.
(transitive, biology) To receive a characteristic from one's ancestors by genetic transmission.
(transitive) To derive from people or conditions previously in force.
(intransitive) To come into an inheritance.

inheritance /ɪnˈhɛɹɪtəns/ inheritances n
héritage
(countable) That which a person is entitled to inherit, by law or testament.
(programming, object-oriented) The mechanism whereby parts of a superclass are available to instances of its subclass.

inheritance tax inheritance taxes n
droits de succession
A tax based on the value of the property of a deceased person, and charged on the beneficiaries of the estate.

inhibit /ɪnˈhɪbɪt/ v
inhiber
(transitive) To hold in or hold back; to keep in check; restrain.

inhibition /ɪnhɪˈbɪʃən/ /ɪnɪˈbɪʃən/ inhibitions n
inhibition
The act of inhibiting.
(chemistry, biochemistry) The process of stopping or retarding a reaction.

inhibitive more inhibitive most inhibitive adj
inhibiteur
that inhibits

inhibitor inhibitors n
inhibiteur
(chemistry) Any substance capable of stopping or slowing a specific chemical reaction.

inhibitory adj
inhibitoire inhibiteur
That inhibits.
inhibiteur
Of, or relating to an inhibitor.

inhomogeneous more inhomogeneous most inhomogeneous adj
inhomogène
Not homogeneous

inhospitable /ˌɪnhɒsˈpɪtəbəl/ more inhospitable most inhospitable adj
inhospitalier
(of a place) Not offering shelter; barren or forbidding. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

inhuman /ɪnˈhjuːmən/ more inhuman most inhuman adj
inhumain
Of or pertaining to inhumanity and the indifferently cruel, sadistic or barbaric behavior it brings.

inhumation /ɪn.hjuːˈmeɪ.ʃən/ inhumations n
inhumation
The act of burial.

iniencephalic more iniencephalic most iniencephalic adj
iniencéphale

inimical /ɪˈnɪmɪkəl/ more inimical most inimical adj
nuisible
Harmful in effect.
hostile
Unfriendly, hostile.

inimitable /ɪnˈɪmɪtəbl̩/ more inimitable most inimitable adj
inimitable
Beyond imitation, surpassing all others; matchless.

inion inia inions n
inion
(anatomy) A small protuberance on the external surface of the back of the skull near the neck; the external occipital protuberance.

iniquity /-kwə-/ /ɪnˈɪkwɪti/ [-ɾi] iniquities n
iniquité
(uncountable) Deviation from what is right; gross injustice, sin, wickedness.
(countable) An act of great injustice or unfairness; a sinful or wicked act; an unconscionable deed.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ adj
initial
Spatially first, placed at the beginning, in the first position; especially said of the first letter of a word.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ initials n
initiale lettrine première lettre
The first letter of a word or a name.
In plural, the first letter of each word of a person's full name considered as a unit.
(typesetting, calligraphy) A distinguished initial letter of a chapter or section of a document.
initiale
(phonology) onset, part of a syllable that precedes the syllable nucleus in phonetics and phonology.

initial /ɪˈnɪʃəl/ v
parapher
(transitive) To sign one's initial(s), as an abbreviated signature.

initial public offering initial public offerings n
introduction en bourse
(business, finance) The first offering to members of the public of stock in a company, normally followed by a listing of that stock on a stock exchange.

initialism /ɪˈnɪʃəlɪzəm/ initialisms n
sigle
(linguistics) A term formed from the initial letters of several words or parts of words, which is itself pronounced letter by letter.

initialization initializations n
initialisation
(programming) An assignment of an initial value for a data object or variable

initialize v
initialiser
To assign initial values to something.
(computing) To assign an initial value to a variable.

initially /ɪˈnɪʃli/ /ɪˈnɪʃəli/ adv
au début au commencement initialement
At the beginning.

initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.ət/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/ initiates n
initié
One who has been through a ceremony of initiation.

initiate /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.i.ət/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.eɪt/ /ɪˈnɪʃ.ɪ.ət/ v
initier commencer démarrer
(transitive) To begin; to start.

initiation /ɪˌnɪʃ.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ initiations n
initiation
The act of initiating, or the process of being initiated or introduced.
The form or ceremony by which a person is introduced into any society; mode of entrance into an organized body; especially, the rite of admission into a secret society or order.

initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ initiatives n
initiative
A beginning; a first move.
A new development; a fresh approach to something; a new way of dealing with a problem.
The ability to act first or on one's own.

initiator initiators n
initiateur initiatrice
One who initiates.

initiatory more initiatory most initiatory adj
initiatique
inceptive, initial, inaugural or introductory

inject /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
injecter
(transitive) To push or pump (something, especially fluids) into a cavity or passage.
(transitive) To introduce (something) suddenly or violently.
(transitive) To administer an injection to (someone or something), especially of medicine or drugs.

injectable adj
injectable
(pharmacy) Capable of being (or designed to be) injected

injection /ɪn.ˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ injections n
injection
The act of injecting, or something that is injected.
(category theory) A morphism from either one of the two components of a coproduct to that coproduct.
(computer security) The insertion of program code into an application, URL, hardware, etc.; especially when malicious or when the target is not designed for such insertion.
(set theory) A function that maps distinct x in the domain to distinct y in the codomain; formally, a f: X → Y such that f(a) = f(b) implies a = b for any a, b in the domain.

injective /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
injectif
(mathematics) of, relating to, or being an injection: such that each element of the image (or range) is associated with at most one element of the preimage (or domain); inverse-deterministic

injectivity injectivities n
injectivité
(mathematics, uncountable) The property of being injective.

injector /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ injectors n
injecteur
Any of various devices that are used to inject something, as:
(object-oriented programming) An object that realizes a dependency injection.

injera /ənˈd͡ʒɛɹə/ /ɛnˈd͡ʒɛɹə/ /ɪnˈdʒɪəɹə/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒiɹə/ /ɪnˈd͡ʒɛɹə/ /ˈɪn.dʒiːɹə/ injeras n
injera
A pancake-like flatbread made from fermented teff flour, a traditional food of Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Yemen, and the Nuer people of Sudan.

injudicious /ˌɪnd͡ʒʊˈdɪʃəs/ more injudicious most injudicious adj
injudicieux
Showing poor judgement; not well judged.

injunction /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌnk.ʃən/ injunctions n
injonction
The act of enjoining; the act of directing, commanding, or prohibiting.
That which is enjoined; such as an order, mandate, decree, command, precept.
(legal) A writ or process, granted by a court of equity, and, in some cases, under statutes, by a court of law, whereby a party is required to do or to refrain from doing certain acts, according to the exigency of the writ.

injure /ˈɪn.dʒə/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ v
blesser
(transitive) To wound or cause physical harm to a living creature.
(transitive) To damage or impair.

injury /ˈɪn.d͡ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɚ.i/ /ˈɪn.d͡ʒɹi/ injuries n
blessure
The violation of a person's reputation, rights, property, or interests.

injury time n
arrêts de jeu temps additionnel
(sports) Additional time played after each period of a game in order to compensate for stoppages due to player injuries; loosely extended to include time added on to compensate for all types of stoppages, i.e. synonymous with stoppage time.

injustice /ɪnˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪs/ injustices n
injustice
Absence of justice; unjustice.
Violation of the rights of another person or people.

ink /iŋk/ /ɪŋk/ inks n
encre
A pigment (or dye)-based fluid used for writing, printing etc.
The black or dark-colored fluid ejected by squid, octopus etc, as a protective strategy.

ink eraser ink erasers n
effaceur d'encre
An instrument used to remove ink from a writing surface, either (traditionally) a metal scraper or (more recently) a special pen dispensing a chemical that eradicates ink.

ink-pad ink-pads n
tampon encreur
A piece of absorbent material, soaked with ink used for rubber stamps. The ink gets onto the stamp by pressing the stamp on the ink-pad.

inkcap inkcaps n
coprin
A fungus of one of the genera Coprinus, Coprinellus or Coprinopsis.

inkjet printer inkjet printers n
imprimante à jet d'encre
(computer hardware) A device for the printing of documents which that operates by propelling tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper.

inkling /ˈɪŋklɪŋ/ inklings n
soupçon
Usually preceded by forms of to give: a slight hint, implication, or suggestion given.

inkwell inkwells n
encrier
A container for ink, designed and usually positioned so that a person may conveniently dip a pen into it whenever a refill is needed.

inland sea inland seas n
mer intérieure
A large but relatively shallow expanse of water within a landmass, sometimes connected to the ocean.

inland taipan inland taipans n
Taïpan du désert
(zoology) Oxyuranus microlepidotus, a highly venomous snake endemic to semiarid regions of central east Australia.

inlay /ɪnˈleɪ/ /ˈɪn.leɪ/ inlays n
incrustation
The material placed within a different material in the form of a decoration.

inlay /ɪnˈleɪ/ /ˈɪn.leɪ/ v
incruster
(also, figuratively) To place (pieces of a foreign material) within another material to form a decorative design.
(dentistry) To place an inlay in a tooth.

inlet /ˈɪnlət/ inlets n
bras de rivière crique
A body of water let into a coast, such as a bay, cove, fjord or estuary.
admission arrivée prise
A passage that leads into a cavity.

inmate inmates n
détenu détenue codétenu codétenue
A person confined to an institution such as a prison (as a convict) or hospital (as a patient).
pensionnaire résident résidente
A person who shares a residence (such as a hotel guest, a lodger, or a student living on campus), or other place.

inn /ɪn/ inns n
auberge
Any establishment where travellers can procure lodging, food, and drink.

innards n
abbats
The internal organs of a human or animal; especially viscera, intestines.

innate /ɪˈneɪt/ adj
inné
Inborn; existing or having existed since birth.

innateness innatenesses n
caractère inné innéité

inner /ˈɪnə/ /ˈɪnɚ/ innermore innermost adj
intérieur
Being or occurring (farther) inside, situated farther in, located (situated) or happening on the inside of something, situated within or farther within contained within something.
interne intérieur
Inside or closer to the inside of the body.

inner child inner children n
enfant intérieur
(psychology) The childlike aspect of a person's psyche — typically, the personality and the memories of one's childhood — especially in the context of coexisting with, and being suppressed by, an adult aspect of the person.

inner circle inner circles n
cercle rapproché cercle restreint
(idiomatic) The group comprising one's closest friends or associates.

inner class inner classes n
classe interne
(object-oriented) A class that is declared entirely within the body of another class.

inner core inner cores n
noyau interne
(geology) The innermost part of the Earth, believed to be made of a nickel-iron alloy.

inner ear inner ears n
oreille interne
(anatomy) The portion of the ear located within the temporal bone which includes the semicircular canals, vestibule, and cochlea and is responsible for hearing and balance.

inner emigration n
émigration intérieure
(derogatory) The choice of some German writers to remain in Nazi Germany despite being opposed to Nazism.

inner planet inner planets n
planète interne
(astronomy, planets) Any planet of the Solar System whose orbit is located between the asteroid belt and the sun, i.e., any of Mercury, Venus, Earth, or Mars.

inner trigram inner trigrams n
trigramme inférieur
The trigram located at the bottom (below the outer trigram) in a hexagram.

inner tube inner tubes n
chambre à air
An inflatable rubber tube inserted into the casing of a pneumatic tyre/tire.

inner workings n
rouages

innermost /ˈɪnɚmoʊst/ adj
tréfonds
Farthest inside or towards the center or middle.

inning /ˈɪnɪŋ/ innings n
manche
(baseball) A period of play in which members of a visiting baseball team attempt to hit a baseball pitched by the opposing home team until three players are called out, followed by a similar attempt by members of the home baseball team against the visiting team's pitching. There are nine or more innings in a regulation baseball game.

innkeeper /ˈɪnkiːpəɹ/ innkeepers n
aubergiste hôtelier tavernier
The person responsible for the running of an inn, usually the proprietor.

innocence /ˈɪnəsn̩s/ innocences n
innocence
Absence of responsibility for a crime, tort, etc.
Lack of ability or intention to harm or damage.
innocence candeur
Lack of understanding about sensitive subjects such as sexuality and crime.

innocent /ˈɪnəsənt/ more innocent most innocent adj
innocent
Free from guilt, sin, or immorality.
Bearing no legal responsibility for a wrongful act.
Naive; artless.

innocent as the child unborn adj
innocent comme l'agneau qui vient de naître innocent comme l'enfant qui vient de naître

innocently /ˈɪnəsəntli/ more innocently most innocently adv
innocemment
In an innocent manner.

innocuous /ɪˈnɑkjuəs/ /ɪˈnɒkjuəs/ more innocuous most innocuous adj
inoffensif
Harmless; producing no ill effect.
Inoffensive; unprovocative; unexceptionable.

innovate /ˈɪnəveɪt/ v
innover
(intransitive) To introduce something new to a particular environment; to do something new.

innovation /ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən/ innovations n
innovation
The act of innovating; the introduction of something new, in customs, rites, etc.
Something new, and contrary to established customs, manners, or rites.

innovative /ɪnˈnɒ.və.tɪv/ /ɪˈnəʊ.və.tɪv/ /ˈɪn.oʊˌveɪɾɪv/ /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/ /ˈɪn.əˌveɪ.tɪv / /ˈɪn.əˌveɪɾɪv/ more innovative most innovative adj
innovant novateur
Characterized by the creation of new ideas or inventions.

innovator /ˈɪnəˌveɪtəɹ/ innovators n
innovateur
Someone who innovates; a creator of new ideas.

innuendo /ˌɪnjuˈɛndəʊ/ innuendis innuendoes innuendos n
sous-entendu insinuation
A derogatory hint or reference to, or (often sexual) insinuation about, a person or thing.

inoculate /ɪˈnɑːkjuleɪt/ /ɪˈnɑːkjulɪt/ /ɪˈnɒkjuleɪt/ /ɪˈnɒkjulɪt/ v
inoculer
(transitive, immunology) To introduce an antigenic substance or vaccine into something (e.g. the body) or someone, such as to produce immunity to a specific disease. [from c. 1722]

inoculation /ɪˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/ /ɪˌnɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/ inoculations n
inoculation
(immunology) The introduction of an antigenic substance or vaccine into the body to produce immunity to a specific disease.

inoffensive more inoffensive most inoffensive adj
inoffensif
harmless

inoperable adj
inopérable
(surgery) Incapable of being successfully operated on.
inopérant
Incapable of operation or function; inoperative.

inoperancy n
inopérance
The quality of being inoperant or inoperative, of lacking the power to be effective or effectual.

inoperative adj
inopérant
Not working or functioning; either idle or broken.

inorganic /ɪnɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɪnɔːˈɡænɪk/ adj
inorganique
(chemistry) relating to a compound that does not contain carbon

inorganic chemist inorganic chemists n
chimiste inorganique
A chemist whose field is inorganic chemistry.

inorganic chemistry inorganic chemistries n
chimie inorganique
(chemistry) The chemistry of the elements (including carbon), and those compounds that do not contain carbon.

inorganic compound inorganic compounds n
composé inorganique
(inorganic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms ionically bound to other atoms.

inosinate inosinates n
inosate
any salt or ester of inosinic acid; the salts are used as flavour enhancers

inoxidizable more inoxidizable most inoxidizable adj
inoxydable
That cannot be readily oxidized.

inpatient inpatients n
patient hospitalier
(healthcare) A patient whose treatment needs at least one night's residence in a hospital; a hospitalized patient.

input /ˈɪnpʊt/ [ˈɪmpʊt] [ˈɪnpʊt] inputs n
entrée intrant
Data fed into a process with the intention of it shaping or affecting the output of that process.

input /ˈɪnpʊt/ [ˈɪmpʊt] [ˈɪnpʊt] v
rentrer
(transitive) To enter data.

input method input methods n
méthode de saisie
(computing) By extension, a program that facilitates input using these mnemonics.

input/output n
entrée-sortie
(computing, usually used attributively) The flow of information to and from human users or other client systems.

inquiline /ˈɪŋkwɪlaɪn/ inquilines n
inquilin
(biology) An animal that lives commensally in the nest, burrow, gall, or dwelling place of an animal of another species.

inquire /ɪnˈkwaɪə/ /ɪnˈkwaɪɹ/ v
renseigner enquêter
(intransitive, US, Canada, Australia) To ask (about something).

inquire after v
demander

inquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪ(ə)ɹi/ /ɪnˈkwaɪəɹi/ /ɪŋ-/ /ˈɪnkwɪɹi/ inquiries n
enquête
The act of inquiring; a seeking of information by asking questions; interrogation; a question or questioning.

inquisitive /ɪŋˈkwɪzətɪv/ more inquisitive most inquisitive adj
curieux
Too curious; overly interested; nosy.

inquisitiveness n
curiosité
The quality of being inquisitive; curiosity.

inquisitor /ɪnˈkwɪzətəɹ/ inquisitors n
inquisiteur
(historical) An official of the ecclesiastical court of the Inquisition.

inroad /ˈɪnɹəʊd/ /ˈɪnˌɹoʊd/ inroads n
incursion percée
(military, also, figuratively) An advance into enemy territory, an attempted invasion; an encroachment, an incursion.
avancée pas en avant percée
(figuratively, usually, in the plural) Often followed by in, into, or on: initial progress made toward accomplishing a goal or solving a problem.

inrun inruns n
tremplin
(skiing) In ski jumping, a steep portion of the ramp, where skiers gain speed before taking off.

ins and outs n
tenants et aboutissants
(idiomatic) The details or fine points of something.

insalubrious /ɪnsəˈluːbɹɪəs/ more insalubrious most insalubrious adj
insalubre
Unhealthful, not providing or promoting health.

insane /ɪnˈseɪn/ insaner insanest more insane most insane adj
fou délirant dément dérangé
Exhibiting unsoundness or disorder of mind; not sane; utterly mad.
démentiel dérangeant malsain
Causing insanity or madness.
fou délirant aberrant chimérique
(informal) Characterized by excess or the utmost folly; ridiculous; impractical.

insanely /ɪnˈseɪnli/ more insanely most insanely adv
insensément
In an insane manner; not sanely.

insanitary more insanitary most insanitary adj
insalubre

insanity /ɪnˈsænɪti/ insanities n
folie
The state of being insane; madness.

insatiable /ɪnˈseɪʃ(j)əbəl/ /ɪnˈseɪʃi.əbəl/ more insatiable most insatiable adj
insatiable
Not satiable; incapable of being satisfied or appeased; very greedy.

inscribe /ɪnˈskɹaɪb/ v
graver
(transitive) To write or cut (words) onto (something, especially a hard surface, or a book to be given to another person); to engrave.

inscription /ɪnˈskɹɪpʃən/ inscriptions n
inscription
Text carved on a wall or plaque, such as a memorial or gravestone.
légende
The text on a coin.
dédicace
Words written in the front of a book as a dedication.

inscrutable /ˌɪnˈskɹuːtəbl̩/ more inscrutable most inscrutable adj
impénétrable insondable incompréhensible
Difficult or impossible to comprehend, fathom, or interpret.

insect /ˈɪnsɛkt/ insects n
insecte
An arthropod (in the Insecta class) characterized by six legs, up to four wings, and a chitinous exoskeleton.

insect hotel insect hotels n
hôtel à insectes nichoir à insectes
A man-made structure created to provide shelter for insects.

insectarium insectaria insectariums n
insectarium
A type of live insect zoo, or a museum or exhibit of live insects and similar arthropods.

insecticide insecticides n
insecticide
A substance used to kill insects.

insectivore /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔɹ/ /ɪnˈsɛktəˌvɔː/ insectivores n
insectivore
Insect-eating animal or plant.

insectivorous /ˌɪnsɛkˈtɪv(ə)ɹəs/ more insectivorous most insectivorous adj
insectivore
Feeding on insects.

insecure /ɪnsəˈkjɔɹ/ /ɪnsəˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /ɪnsəˈkjɝ/ /ɪnsəˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /ɪnsəˈkjʊɹ/ more insecure most insecure adj
insécurisé
Not secure.
inquiet inconfortable
Not comfortable or confident in oneself or in certain situations.

insecurity insecurities n
insécurité
A lack of security; uncertainty.

inseminate /ɪnˈsɛmɪneɪt/ v
inséminer
To fill with one's semen.

insemination inseminations n
insémination
The introduction of sperm into a female’s reproductive system for the purpose of impregnating (making pregnant).

inseminator inseminators n
inséminateur
A person who, or device that inseminates.

insensate /ɪnˈsɛn.sət/ more insensate most insensate adj
insensé
Senseless; foolish; irrational.

insensible /ɪnˈsɛns.ɪ.bəl/ [ɪnˈsɛn̥sɪbl̩] more insensible most insensible adj
insensible
Unable to be perceived by the senses.
Incapable of emotional feeling; callous; apathetic.

insensitive /ɪnˈsɛnsɪtɪv/ more insensitive most insensitive adj
insensible
Not expressing normal physical feeling;
Not expressing normal emotional feelings; cold; tactless; undiplomatic

insensitively more insensitively most insensitively adv
insensiblement
In an insensitive manner.

insensitivity insensitivities n
insensibilité
The condition of being insensitive

inseparable /in.ˈsɛ.p(ə).ɹə.bl/ more inseparable most inseparable adj
inséparable
Unable to be separated; bound together permanently.

inseparably more inseparably most inseparably adv
inséparablement
In an inseparable manner.

insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ /ɪnˈsɝt/ /ˈɪnsɜːt/ /ˈɪnsɝt/ inserts n
illustration in texte
An image inserted into text.
encart
A promotional or instructive leaflet inserted into a magazine, newspaper, tape or disk package, etc.

insert /ɪnˈsɜːt/ /ɪnˈsɝt/ /ˈɪnsɜːt/ /ˈɪnsɝt/ v
insérer insinuer introduire
(transitive) To put in between or into.

insertion /ɪnˈsɝʃən/ insertions n
insertion
The act of inserting, or something inserted.
(genetics) The addition of a nucleotide to a chromosome by mutation.

inshallah /ˌɪn.ʃɑˈlɑ/ /ˌɪnʃˈɑ.lə/ interjection
Dieu veuille Inch'Allah si Dieu le veut si Dieu veut
(chiefly, Islam) Expressing the speaker’s wish for a given future event to occur, and also generally their emphasis on its contingency upon the divine will.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ more inside most inside adj
intérieur
Of or pertaining to the inner surface, limit or boundary.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ more inside most inside adv
dedans au-dedans là-dedans
Within or towards the interior of something; within the scope or limits of something (a place), especially a building.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ insides n
intérieur
The interior or inner part.

inside /ɪnˈsaɪd/ /ˈɪnsaɪd/ preposition
à l'intérieur de dans
Within the interior of something, closest to the center or to a specific point of reference.

inside joke /ˈɪnsaɪd ˌd͡ʒoʊk/ /ˈɪnsaɪd ˌd͡ʒəʊk/ inside jokes n
private joke blague entre nous
(idiomatic) A joke that is understood or meant to be understood only by certain people who are aware of the details.

inside out /ˌɪnsaɪdˈaʊt/ adv
à l'envers
(not comparable) With the inside surface turned to be on the outside.
comme sa poche parfaitement à fond
(of knowledge) Thoroughly; extremely well.

inside pocket inside pockets n
poche intérieure
A pocket inside of a garment, hence not visible to others.

insider /ɪnˈsaɪdɚ/ /ˈɪnsaɪdɚ/ insiders n
initié
A person who has special knowledge about the inner workings of a group, organization, or institution.

insider trading n
délit d'initié
(finance) The illegal buying or selling of securities of a publicly held company by a person who has privileged access to information concerning the company's financial condition or plans.

insidious /ɪnˈsɪdi.əs/ more insidious most insidious adj
insidieux
Producing harm in a stealthy, often gradual, manner.

insidiously /ɪnˈsɪdi.əsli/ more insidiously most insidiously adv
insidieusement
in an insidious manner

insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ insights n
introspection
A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; frequently used with into.
perspicacité aperçu discernement pénétration
Power of acute observation and deduction
intuition
Intuitive apprehension of the inner nature of a thing or things; intuition.

insightful /ɪnˈsaɪt.f(ə)l/ /ˈɪn.saɪt.f(ə)l/ more insightful most insightful adj
perspicace
Possessing insight.

insignia /ɪnˈsɪɡ.ni.ə/ insignia insignias n
insigne
A patch or other object that indicates a person's official or military rank, or membership in a group or organization.
A symbol or token of personal power, status, or office, or of an official body of government or jurisdiction.

insignificant /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ more insignificant most insignificant adj
insignifiant
Not significant; not important, inconsequential, or having no noticeable effect.

insinuate /ɪnˈsɪnjueɪt/ v
insinuer
To hint; to suggest tacitly (usually something bad) while avoiding a direct statement.
(figurative, by extension) To ingratiate; to obtain access to or introduce something by subtle, cunning or artful means.

insinuation /ɪnˌsɪnjuˈeɪʃən/ insinuations n
insinuation
The act of gaining favor, affection, or influence, by gentle or artful means; — formerly used in a good sense, as of friendly influence or interposition.
That which is insinuated; a hint; a suggestion, innuendo or intimation by distant allusion

insist /ɪnˈsɪst/ v
insister
(with on or upon or (that + indicative)) To hold up a claim emphatically.

insistence /ɪnˈsɪstəns/ insistences n
insistance
The state of being insistent.

insistently more insistently most insistently adv
avec insistance
In an insistent manner; pressingly.

insofar as /ɪn.soʊˈfɑɹæz/ /ɪn.soʊˈfɑɹəz/ /ɪn.səʊˈfɑːɹəz/ conjunction
dans la mesure où
to the extent that

insole /ˈɪnsoʊl/ /ˈɪnsəʊl/ insoles n
semelle intérieure
The inside sole of a shoe or other footwear.

insolence /ˈɪn.sə.ləns/ insolences n
insolence
Arrogant conduct; insulting, bold behaviour or attitude.

insolent /ˈɪn.sə.lənt/ more insolent most insolent adj
insolent
Insulting in manner or words, particularly in an arrogant or insubordinate manner.
Rude.

insolently more insolently most insolently adv
insolemment
In an insolent manner.

insolubility insolubilities n
insolubilité
The quality of being insoluble

insolubilized adj
insolubilisé

insolvable /ɪnˈsɒlvəbəl/ more insolvable most insolvable adj
insoluble
Impossible to solve; insoluble.

insolvency [ɪnˈsɒlvn̩si] insolvencies n
insolvabilité
(finance) The condition of being insolvent; the state or condition of a person who is insolvent; the condition of one who is unable to pay his debts as they fall due, or in the usual course of trade and business.

insolvent /ɪn.ˈsɑːɫv.ənt/ /ɪn.ˈsɒlv.ənt/ /ɪn.ˈsɒɫv.ənt/ more insolvent most insolvent adj
insolvable
Unable to pay one's bills as they fall due.

insomnia /ɪnˈsɒmniə/ insomnias n
insomnie
(medicine) A sleeping disorder that is known for its symptoms of unrest and the inability to sleep.

insomniac adj
insomniaque
Suffering from or pertaining to insomnia.

insomniac insomniacs n
insomniaque
One who suffers an inability or difficulty sleeping; a sufferer from insomnia.

insouciance /ɪnˈsuːsi.əns/ insouciances n
insouciance
Nonchalance.

insouciant /inˈsusiənt/ /ɪnˈsuːsɪənt/ more insouciant most insouciant adj
insouciant
Casually unconcerned; carefree, indifferent, nonchalant.

inspection /ɪnˈspɛkʃən/ inspections n
inspection
The act of examining something, often closely.

inspector general inspectors general n
inspecteur général
A senior official responsible for inspecting conformance to the standards in a civil or military organization.

inspiration /ˌɪn.spəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.spəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.spɪˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ inspirations n
inspiration
A supernatural divine influence on the prophets, apostles, or sacred writers, by which they were qualified to communicate moral or religious truth with authority; a supernatural influence which qualifies people to receive and communicate divine truth; also, the truth communicated.
The act of an elevating or stimulating influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.
A person, object, or situation which quickens or stimulates an influence upon the intellect, emotions or creativity.

inspirational /ˌɪnspəˈɹeɪʃənəl/ more inspirational most inspirational adj
inspirant

inspire /ɪn.ˈspaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɪn.ˈspaɪɹ/ v
inspirer
(transitive) To infuse into the mind; to communicate to the spirit; to convey, as by a divine or supernatural influence; to disclose preternaturally; to produce in, as by inspiration.
(transitive) To infuse into; to affect, as with a superior or supernatural influence; to fill with what animates, enlivens or exalts; to communicate inspiration to.
To infuse by breathing, or as if by breathing.

inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪə.ɹɪŋ/ /ɪnˈspaɪɹ.ɪŋ/ more inspiring most inspiring adj
inspirant inspirateur
Providing inspiration; encouraging; stimulating.

instability instabilities n
instabilité
(uncountable) The quality of being unstable.

install /ɪnˈstoːl/ /ɪnˈstɑl/ /ɪnˈstɔl/ /ɪnˈstɔːl/ v
installer
(transitive) To connect, set up or prepare something for use
(transitive) To establish or settle in.

installation [ɪnstəˈleɪʃən] installations n
installation
An act of installing.
Something installed, especially the whole of a system of machines, apparatus, and accessories, when set up and arranged for practical working, as in electric lighting, transmission of power, etc.

installer installers n
installateur installatrice
One who installs.
installateur programme d’installation
(computing) A program that installs software in a computer and prepares it for use.

installment /ɪnˈstoːl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɑl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɔl.mənt/ /ɪnˈstɔːl.mənt/ installments n
volet épisode
One of a series of parts, whether equal or unequal to the other parts of the series, of a given entity or a given process, which part presents or is presented at a particular scheduled interval.
installation
The act of installing; installation.
au fur et à mesure
(banking, finance) One member of a series of portions of a debt or sum of money, which portions may or may not be equated (depending in part on whether the interest rate is fixed or variable), payment of which portions are serially exacted at regularly scheduled intervals toward satisfaction of the total. Payments of installments are generally mensual, quarterly, triannual, biannual, or annual.

installment loan installment loans n
crédit à tempérament prêt remboursable par tranches prêt à tempérament prêt à versements périodiques prêt échelonné

instance /ˈɪnstəns/ instances n
instance
A case offered as an exemplification or a precedent; an illustrative example. [from 16th c.]
(computing) A specific occurrence of something that is created or instantiated, such as a database, or an object of a class in object-oriented programming. [from 20th c.]

instance dungeon instance dungeons n
donjon instancié

instant /ˈɪnstənt/ adj
instantané
Very quickly and easily prepared.

instant /ˈɪnstənt/ instants n
instant
A very short period of time; a moment.
A single, usually precise, point in time.

instant coffee /ˌɪnstənt ˈkɒfi/ instant coffees n
café instantané café soluble
A beverage in the form of a powder, granules, or concentrated liquid, made from coffee and able to be quickly reconstituted by adding water.

instant messaging n
messagerie instantanée
(communication, computing) A form of realtime communication where two or more people exchange text messages, usually short, using computers or other devices with communications capabilities.

instant messenger instant messengers n
messagerie instantanée
(communication, computing) A computer application which allows instant text communication between two or more people through a network or the Internet in its entirety.

instant noodle instant noodles n
nouilles instantanées
(chiefly, in the plural) One of a mass of dried precooked noodles fused with oil, usually soaked in boiling water for a few minutes before being eaten.

instantaneous /ɪnstənˈteɪni.əs/ adj
instantané
Occurring, arising, or functioning without any delay; happening within an imperceptibly brief period of time. [from 17th c.]

instantaneously adv
instantanément
Without any delay; in an instantaneous manner.

instantaneousness n
instantanéité
condition of being instantaneous

instantiable adj
instanciable

instantiate /ɪnˈstænʃieɪt/ v
instancier
(transitive) To represent#Verb (a concept#Noun, theme#Noun, or principle#Noun) by an instance#Noun. [from 20th c.]
(transitive, object-oriented programming) To create an object (an instance) of a specific class. [from 20th c.]

instantiation /ɪnˌstænʃiˈeɪʃən/ instantiations n
instanciation
(countable) Something resulting from the act of instantiating; an instance.

instantly /ˈɪnstəntli/ adv
instantanément
At once; without delay. [from 16th c.]
instamment
(archaic) Urgently; with insistence. [from 15th c.]

instar /ˈɪnstɑɹ/ /ˈɪnstɑː/ instars n
stade
Any one of the several stages of postembryonic development which an arthropod undergoes, between molts, before it reaches sexual maturity.
An arthropod at a specified one of these stages of development.

instate /ɪnˈsteɪt/ v
instaurer
(transitive) To install (someone) in office; to establish.

instead /ɪnˈstɛd/ adv
au lieu de à la place
In the place of something (usually mentioned earlier); as a substitute or alternative.

instead of preposition
au lieu de à la place de
In lieu of; in place of; rather than.

instep /ˈinˌstɛp/ insteps n
cou-de-pied
(anatomy) The arched part of the top of the foot between the toes and the ankle.

instigate /ˈɪnstəɡeɪt/ v
inciter susciter
(transitive) To goad or urge (a person) forward, especially to wicked actions.

instigator /-ɾɚ/ /ˈɪnstəˌɡeɪtɚ/ /ˈɪnstɪɡeɪtə/ instigators n
instigateur instigatrice incitateur incitatrice
A person who intentionally instigates, incites, or starts something, especially one that creates trouble.

instill /ɪnˈstɪl/ v
inculquer
To cause a quality to become part of someone's nature.
instiller
To pour in (medicine, for example) drop by drop.

instinct /ˈɪn.stɪŋkt/ instincts n
instinct
A natural or inherent impulse or behaviour.

instinctive /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪv/ more instinctive most instinctive adj
instinctif
Related to or prompted by instinct.
Driven by impulse, spontaneous and without thinking.

instinctively /ɪnˈstɪŋktɪvli/ more instinctively most instinctively adv
instinctivement
Innately; by instinct; without being taught.

institute /ˈɪnstɪt(j)uːt/ /ˈɪnstɪt͡ʃuːt/ institutes n
institut
An organization founded to promote a cause
An institution of learning; a college, especially for technical subjects

institute /ˈɪnstɪt(j)uːt/ /ˈɪnstɪt͡ʃuːt/ v
fonder instituer lancer
(transitive) To begin or initiate (something); to found.

institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtuːʃən/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃən/ institutions n
institution
A custom or practice of a society or community.
A long established and respected organization, particularly one involved with education, public service, or charity work.

institutional /-ʃnəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuʃənəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənəl/ /ˌɪnstɪˈtʃuːʃənəl/ more institutional most institutional adj
institutionnel
Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or organized along the lines of an institution.

institutionalism institutionalisms n
institutionnalisme
Adherence to the established religion, or to established codes of conduct

institutionalist /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlɪst/ more institutionalist most institutionalist adj
institutionnaliste
Of, pertaining to, or following institutionalism

institutionalist /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəlɪst/ institutionalists n
institutionnaliste
An adherent of institutionalism (in various senses)

institutionalization /ˌɪnstɪˌtjuːʃnəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ institutionalizations n
institutionnalisation
the process of establishing a practice as a norm

institutionalize /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃənəˌlaɪz/ v
institutionnaliser
to establish as a normal practice

instruct /ɪnˈstɹakt/ /ɪnˈstɹʌkt/ v
instruire apprendre enseigner
(transitive) To teach by giving instructions.

instruction /ɪnˈstɹʌkʃən/ instructions n
instruction
(uncountable) The act of instructing, teaching, or providing with information or knowledge.
(countable) An order or command.
(computing) A single operation of a processor defined by an instruction set architecture.

instructive /ɪnˈstɹʌktɪv/ more instructive most instructive adj
instructif
Conveying knowledge, information or instruction.

instructive /ɪnˈstɹʌktɪv/ instructives n
instructif
(linguistics) A case in the Finnish and Estonian languages. It expresses the means or the instrument used to perform an action.

instructive case instructive cases n
instructif
(grammar) : noun case used to indicate means. It answers the question "how?", and in English, this is usually expressed by the prepositional phrase by means of, as in "by means of the house". Languages that use the instructive case include Finnish and (rarely) Estonian.

instructor instructors n
instructeur instructrice
One who instructs; a teacher.

instrument /ˈɪnstɹəmənt/ /ˈɪnstɹʊmənt/ instruments n
instrument
A device used to produce music.
A measuring or displaying device.
A tool, implement used for manipulation or measurement.
acte
(legal) A legal document, such as a contract, deed, trust, mortgage, power, indenture, or will.

instrument maker instrument makers n
facteur [[d']]instruments de musique luthier
Maker of musical instruments.

instrumental /ɪnstɹəˈmɛntəl/ /ɪnstɹʊˈmɛntəl/ more instrumental most instrumental adj
instrumental
(music) Pertaining to, made by, or prepared for an instrument, especially a musical instrument (rather than the human voice).

instrumental /ɪnstɹəˈmɛntəl/ /ɪnstɹʊˈmɛntəl/ instrumentals n
instrumentale musique instrumentale
(music) A composition written or performed without lyrics or singing, using a lead instrument to replace vocals.

instrumental case instrumental cases n
cas instrumental instrumental
(grammar) A noun case used to express means or agency—and is generally indicated in English by by or with with the objective. Languages that use the instrumental case include Armenian, Serbo-Croatian, Czech, Dyirbal, Georgian, Latvian, Slovene, Polish, Ukrainian, Quechua, Russian, Assamese, Turkish and Sanskrit. Extinct languages that used the instrumental case include Old English, Old Saxon and Old High German.

instrumentalisation instrumentalisations n
instrumentalisation

instrumentalist instrumentalists n
instrumentiste
One who plays a musical instrument, as distinguished from a vocalist.

instrumentalize v
instrumentaliser
(transitive) To make into an instrument for achieving a goal.

insubmission n
insoumission

insubordination insubordinations n
insubordination
The quality or state of being insubordinate; disobedience to lawful authority; specifically, an employee's failure or refusal to comply with a request or an assignment given by his/her supervisor.

insufferable /ɪnˈsʌfəɹəb(ə)l/ /ɪnˈsʌfɹəb(ə)l/ more insufferable most insufferable adj
insupportable intolérable haïssable
Not sufferable; very difficult or impossible to endure; intolerable, unbearable.

insufficiency insufficiencies n
insuffisance déficience
The lack of sufficiency; a shortage or inadequacy.

insufficient /ɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/ more insufficient most insufficient adj
insuffisant

insufficiently more insufficiently most insufficiently adv
insuffisamment
not sufficiently

insular /ˈɪnsjələ/ /ˈɪnsjəlɚ/ /ˈɪnsəlɚ/ more insular most insular adj
insulaire
(linguistics, anthropology) (often with a capital letter) Relating to the varieties of a language or languages spoken chiefly on islands. Insular Latin, Latin as it was spoken in Britain and Ireland. Insular Celtic, the Celtic languages of Britain, Ireland and also Brittany, as opposed to those spoken in mainland Europe other than Brittany. Insular Scandinavian, relating to the Icelandic and Faroese languages as opposed to the ones spoken in Sweden, Denmark and Norway.

insulate /ˈɪnsjʊleɪt/ /ˈɪnsʊleɪt/ /ˈɪnʃʊleɪt/ [ˈɪns(j)ʊle(ɪ)t] v
isoler
To separate, detach, or isolate.
To separate a body or material from others, e.g. by non-conductors to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, etc.

insulating more insulating most insulating adj
isolant
That insulates.

insulation /ˌɪnsjʊˈleɪʃən/ /ˌɪnsəˈleɪʃən/ insulations n
isolation isolement
The act of insulating; detachment from other objects; isolation.
(engineering) The act of separating a body from others by nonconductors, so as to prevent the transfer of electricity, heat, or sound
isolement
The state of being insulated; detachment from other objects; isolation.
isolant
Any of a variety of materials designed to reduce the flow of heat, either from or into a building.

insulator /ˈɪn.sjə.leɪ.tə(ɹ)/ insulators n
isolant isolation
isolateur isolant
A substance that does not transmit heat (thermal insulator), sound (acoustic insulator) or electricity (electrical insulator).

insulin /ˈɪnsjʊlin/ /ˈɪnsəlɪn/ /ˈɪnʃʊlɪn/ insulins n
insuline
A polypeptide hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism (in various animals including humans).

insulinemia insulinemias n
insulinémie
(medicine) An abnormally high level of insulin in the blood

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ insults n
insulte
(uncountable) Action or form of speech deliberately intended to be rude; (countable) a particular act or statement having this effect.

insult /ɪnˈsʌlt/ /ˈɪnsʌlt/ v
insulter
(transitive) To be insensitive, insolent, or rude to (somebody); to affront or demean (someone). [from 17th c.]

insulting /ɪnˈsʌltɪŋ/ more insulting most insulting adj
outrageant
Containing insult, or having the intention of insulting.

insuperable /ɪnˈsup(ə)ɹəb(ə)l/ more insuperable most insuperable adj
insurmontable

insupportably more insupportably most insupportably adv
insupportablement
In an insupportable manner.

insurability insurabilities n
assurablilité

insurable more insurable most insurable adj
assurable
Capable of being insured

insurance /ɪn.ˈʃɔː.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃɝ.əns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊə.ɹəns/ /ɪn.ˈʃʊɹ.əns/ /ˈɪn.ʃɚəns/ insurances n
assurance
A means of indemnity against a future occurrence of an uncertain event.
The business of providing insurance.

insurance agent insurance agents n
agent d'assurance

insurance company insurance companies n
compagnie d'assurances
A company that provides insurance policies.

insurance fraud insurance frauds n
fraude à l'assurance
(legal) Receiving insurance policy-based compensation by deceitfully causing an event that, if it were accidental, would lead to a rightful claim for said compensation.

insurance policy insurance policies n
police d'assurance contrat [[d']]assurance
(insurance) A legal document outlining a particular insurance cover for an insured entity for a given risk.

insure /ɪnˈʃɔː/ /ɪnˈʃɝ/ /ɪnˈʃʊə/ /ɪnˈʃʊɚ/ v
assurer
(transitive) To provide for compensation if some specified risk occurs. Often agreed by policy (contract) to offer financial compensation in case of an accident, theft or other undesirable event.

insured /ɪnˈʃɔːd/ /ɪnˈʃʊəd/ /ɪnˈʃʊɚd/ insureds n
assuré assurée
(insurance) The person or persons whose interests are protected by an insurance policy.

insurer /ɪnˈʃʊɹ.ɚ/ insurers n
assureur assureuse
(insurance) One who insures.

insurgent /ɪnˈsəɹd͡ʒənt/ /ɪnˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt/ adj
insurgé
Rebellious, opposing authority.

insurgent /ɪnˈsəɹd͡ʒənt/ /ɪnˈsəːdʒ(ə)nt/ insurgents n
insurgé insurgée
One of several people who take up arms against the local state authority; a participant in insurgency.

insurmountable more insurmountable most insurmountable adj
insurmontable impassable infranchissable
Incapable of being passed over, surmounted, or overcome; insuperable

insurrection /ˌɪnsəˈɹɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɪnsəˈɹɛkʃn̩/ insurrections n
insurrection
(uncountable) The action of part or all of a national population violently rising up against the government or other authority; (countable) an instance of this; a revolt, an uprising; specifically, one that is at an initial stage or limited in nature.

intact /ɪnˈtækt/ more intact most intact adj
intact
Left complete or whole; not touched, defiled, sullied or otherwise damaged.

intaglio /ɪnˈtæl.i.(j)oʊ/ /ɪnˈtæl.joʊ/ /ɪnˈtæl.jəʊ/ /ɪnˈtæɡ.li.oʊ/ /ɪnˈtɑl.iˌəʊ/ /ɪnˈtɑl.joʊ/ /ɪnˈtɑl.jəʊ/ /ɪnˈtɑɡ.li.oʊ/ intagli intaglii intaglioes intaglios n
taille-douce
(printing) Any printing method in which the ink is laid upon the sunken parts of the printing form.

intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ intakes n
ingestion prise
(UK, dialect) Any kind of cheat or imposition; the act of taking someone in.

intake manifold intake manifolds n
collecteur d'admission
Part of an engine that supplies the fuel/air mixture to the cylinder.

intangible /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒɪ.bəl/ [ɪnˈtæn.d͡ʒɪ.bl̩] more intangible most intangible adj
intangible
Incapable of being perceived by the senses; incorporeal.

intangible asset intangible assets n
actif incorporel immobilisation incorporelle
(business, accounting) Any valuable property of a business that is not a physical by nature, including intellectual property, customer lists, and goodwill. Intangible assets may or may not be shown on the balance sheet.

intangible cultural heritage intangible cultural heritages n
patrimoine culturel immatériel patrimoine culturel immatériel de l'humanité
practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, or skills, as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts, and cultural spaces that are considered by UNESCO to be part of a place's cultural heritage.

intarsia intarsias n
intarse
A decorative form of Italian wood inlaying.

integer /ˈɪn.tɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.d͡ʒɚ/ [ˈɪn.ɾɪ.d͡ʒɚ] integers n
nombre entier entier relatif entier
(arithmetic) A number that is not a fraction; an element of the infinite and numerable set {..., -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}.

integrable /ˈɪntɪɡɹəbəl/ adj
intégrable
Able to be integrated.

integral /ɪnˈtɛɡr(ə)l/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)l/ /ˈɪntɪɡɹ(ə)l/ more integral most integral adj
intégral
(mathematics) Of, pertaining to, or being an integer.
(mathematics) Relating to integration.

integral /ɪnˈtɛɡr(ə)l/ /ɪnˈtɛɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntəɡɹəl/ /ˈɪntɪɡr(ə)l/ /ˈɪntɪɡɹ(ə)l/ integrals n
intégrale intégral
(mathematics) One of the two fundamental operations of calculus (the other being differentiation), whereby a function's displacement, area, volume, or other qualities arising from the study of infinitesimal change are quantified, usually defined as a limiting process on a sequence of partial sums. Denoted using a long s: ∫, or a variant thereof.

integral calculus n
calcul intégral
(calculus) The calculus that generalizes summation to find areas, masses, volumes, sums, and totals of quantities described by continuously varying functions.

integral domain integral domains n
anneau d'intégrité
(algebra, ring theory) Any nonzero commutative ring in which the product of nonzero elements is nonzero. [from 1911]

integrand /ˈɪntɪɡɹænd/ integrands n
intégrande
(calculus) The function that is to be integrated

integrate /ˈɪn.təˌɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹæɪt/ v
intégrer
(mathematics) To subject to the operation of integration; to find the integral of an equation.

integrated more integrated most integrated adj
intégré
composed and coordinated to form a whole
integré
(US) characterized by racial integration

integrated circuit integrated circuits n
circuit intégré
(semiconductors) A thin chip, usually of silicon, consisting of at least two interconnected semiconductor devices, mainly transistors.

integration /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.təˈɡɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ integrations n
intégration
The act or process of making whole or entire.
(society) The process of fitting into a community, notably applied to minorities.
(biology) In evolution, the process by which the manifold is compacted into the relatively simple and permanent; supposed to alternate with differentiation as an agent in species' development.

integration by parts integrations by parts n
intégration par parties
(analysis) A method of integration directly related to the rule for differentiation of products; can be written as \int u\ dv = uv - \int v\ du.

integration testing /ɪntəˈɡɹeɪʃən tɛstɪŋ/ n
test d'intégration

integrin integrins n
intégrine
(biochemistry) Any of many heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that function as receptors in communication between cells.

integument /ɪnˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/ integuments n
tégument
(biology) An outer protective covering such as the feathers or skin of an animal, a rind or shell.
(botany) The outer layer of an ovule, which develops into the seed coat.

intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ more intellectual most intellectual adj
intellectuel
Pertaining to, or performed by, the intellect; mental or cognitive.
Endowed with intellect; having a keen sense of understanding; having the capacity for higher forms of knowledge or thought; characterized by intelligence or cleverness

intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃwəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃəl/ /ˌɪntəˈlɛkt͡ʃʊəl/ intellectuals n
intellectuel intello
An intelligent, learned person, especially one who discourses about learned matters.

intellectual property intellectual properties n
propriété intellectuelle
(uncountable) Any product of someone's intellect that has commercial value: a piece of literature, a painting, an invention, a trademark, a trade secret, etc. Works protected under intellectual property law, and accorded intellectual property rights such as copyrights and patents.

intellectualization intellectualizations n
intellectualisation
The act or process of intellectualizing.

intellectually more intellectually most intellectually adv
intellectuellement
In an intellectual manner.

intelligence /ɪnˈtɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒəns/ intelligences n
intelligence
(mostly, uncountable) The quality of making use or having made use of such capacities: depth of understanding, mental quickness.
(countable) An entity that has such capacities.
renseignements intelligence
(countable) A political or military department, agency or unit designed to gather information, usually secret, about the enemy or about hostile activities.

intelligence agency intelligence agencies n
service de renseignement service de renseignements
A governmental agency that is devoted to the information gathering (known in the context as "intelligence") for purposes of national security and defense.

intelligence quotient intelligence quotients n
quotient intellectuel
A score derived from one of several different standardized tests attempting to measure a person's intelligence relative to that of the general population, with the average usually calibrated to a number around 100.

intelligent /ɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒənt/ intelligenter intelligentest more intelligent most intelligent adj
intelligent
Of high or especially quick cognitive capacity, bright.
Well thought-out, well considered.
Characterized by thoughtful interaction.

intelligent design pn
dessein intelligent
The belief that biological life on Earth, or more broadly, the universe as a whole, was created by an intelligent agent (specified or unspecified) rather than being the result of undirected natural processes.

intelligently more intelligently most intelligently adv
intelligemment
In an intelligent manner; cleverly.

intelligentsia /ɪntɛləˈd͡ʒɛn(t)si.ə/ /ɪntɛləˈɡɛn(t)si.ə/ /ɪntɛlɪˈd͡ʒɛntsɪə/ /ɪntɛlɪˈɡɛntsɪə/ intelligentsias n
intelligentsia
(politics) The intellectual elite of a society, particularly in Marxist doctrine.

intelligibility /ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] [ɪnˌtɛl.ə.d͡ʒə.ˈbɪl.ɪ.ɾi] intelligibilities n
intelligibilité
The quality of recorded speech of every word being understandable.

intelligible /ɪnˈtɛləd͡ʒəbl̩/ more intelligible most intelligible adj
intelligible
Capable of being understood; clear to the mind.

intemperance /ɪnˈtɛmpɛɹəns/ intemperances n
intempérance
Lack of moderation or temperance; excess.

intempestivity /ɪntɛmpɛˈstɪvɪti/ n
intempestivité
Unseasonability; untimeliness.

intend /ɪnˈtɛnd/ v
prévoir envisager avoir l'intention concevoir
(ambitransitive, usually followed by particle "to" + verb, or "on"/"upon" + noun) To fix the mind upon (something, or something to be accomplished); be intent upon

intended /ɪnˈtɛndɪd/ adj
planifié voulu
Planned.

intense /ɪnˈtɛns/ intenser intensest more intense most intense adj
intense
(also, figurative) Under tension; tightly drawn; strained, stressed, tense.

intensely /ɪnˈtɛnsli/ more intensely most intensely adv
intensément
To an intense degree, extremely.

intensification intensifications n
intensification
The act or process of intensifying, or of making more intense.

intensify /ɪnˈtɛnsɪfaɪ/ v
intensifier s'intensifier
(intransitive) To become intense, or more intense; to act with increasing power or energy.

intensity /ɪnˈtɛnsɪti/ intensities n
intensité
The quality of being intense.

intensive /ɪnˈtɛnsɪv/ more intensive most intensive adj
intensif intensifs intensive intensives
Thorough; to a great degree; with intensity.
intensif
Demanding; requiring a great amount of work etc.

intensive care n
réa réanimation soins intensifs traitement intensif
(medicine) The support and monitoring of critically ill patients, especially by the use of instrumentation and specialized staff and equipment.

intensive care unit intensive care units n
unité de soins intensifs soins intensifs unité de traitement intensif
A hospital ward into which critically ill patients, in danger of dying, are admitted and closely monitored (abbreviation: ICU).

intensively more intensively most intensively adv
intensivement
In an intensive way.

intent /ɪnˈtɛnt/ more intent most intent adj
buté
déterminé résolu
Firmly fixed or concentrated on something.

intent /ɪnˈtɛnt/ intents n
intention
Something that is intended.

intention /ɪnˈtɛnʃən/ intentions n
intention
A course of action that a person intends to follow.
The goal or purpose.

intentional /ɪnˈtɛnʃənəl/ [ɪnˈtʰɛnʃn̩ɫ̩] more intentional most intentional adj
intentionnel volontaire
Intended or planned; done deliberately or voluntarily.

intentional walk intentional walks n
base-sur-balles intentionnel but-sur-balles intentionnel
(baseball) The intentional pitching of four balls (bad pitches), or of a fourth ball, in order to give the batter a walk (for example, so as to avoid the risk of a home run).

intentionalism n
intentionnalisme
The theory that the meaning of any text is determined by the intentions of its author, whether stated or not.

intentionality intentionalities n
intentionnalité
(philosophy) The characteristic of a mental state whereby it is about something, which relates to mental states in an analogous way as meaning relates to a word.

intentionally more intentionally most intentionally adv
intentionnellement à dessein
In an intentional manner; on purpose.

intently /ɪnˈtɛntli/ more intently most intently adv
attentivement
In an intent or focused manner.

inter /ɪnˈtɜː(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈtɝ/ v
enterrer
To bury in a grave.

inter alia adv
entre autres
Among other things.

inter- /ɪntə/ /ɪntɚ/ [ɪn(ɾ)ɚ] [ɪɾ̃ɚ] prefix
inter- entre-
between, amid, among

interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ /ɪn.tɚˈækt/ interacts n
entr’acte
(dated) A short act or piece between others, as in a play; a break between acts.

interact /ɪn.təˈɹækt/ /ɪn.tɚˈækt/ v
interagir
(intransitive) To act upon each other.

interaction /ˌɪn.təˈɹæk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈæk.ʃən/ interactions n
interaction
The situation or occurrence in which two or more objects or events act upon one another to produce a new effect; the effect resulting from such a situation or occurrence.
A conversation or exchange between people.

interactive /ɪn.təˈɹæk.tɪv/ /ɪn.tɚˈæk.tɪv/ more interactive most interactive adj
interactif
Interacting with or communicating with and reacting to each other; influencing or having an effect on each other; acting or capable of acting on each other or with the other.

interactivity /ɪntəɹækˈtɪvɪti/ interactivities n
interactivité
The quality of being interactive.

interactome interactomes n
interactome
(biology) All the interactions between biological entities in cells and organisms considered as a whole.

interbank adj
interbancaire
Of, pertaining to, or taking place between two or more banks (financial institutions).

intercalary /ɪnˈtɝː.kə.lɛɹ.i/ /ˌɪnt.ɚˈkæl.ɚ.i/ adj
intercalaire
(botany) of a meristem: situated between zones of permanent tissue, thus a shoot growing at the base of a leaf, in comparison with apical growth at the tip of a root or plant.

intercalate /ɪnˈtɜː.kəl.eɪt/ /ɪnˈtɝ.kəˌleɪt/ /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈleɪt/ v
intercaler
To insert an extra leap day into a calendar in order to maintain synchrony with natural phenomena.

intercalation intercalations n
intercalation
A period inserted into a calendar as in a leap year.

intercept /ɪntəˈsɛpt/ /ɪntɚˈsɛpt/ /ˈɪntəsɛpt/ /ˈɪntɚsɛpt/ v
intercepter
(transitive) To stop, deflect or divert (something in progress or motion).
(transitive, American football) Of a defensive player: to steal a pass thrown by the opposing team, gaining possession of the ball.
(transitive, sports) To gain possession of (the ball) in a ball game.

intercept theorem pn
théorème de Thalès

intercession intercessions n
intercession
The act of intervening or mediating between two parties.
A prayer to God on behalf of another person; especially, such a prayer offered by a heavenly saint on behalf of a mere mortal who has prayed to the saint for such help.

intercessor /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ˌsɛsə(ɹ)/ intercessors n
intercesseur intercessrice
A person who intercedes; a mediator; one who reconciles enemies, or pleads for another.

interchange /ɪntə(ɹ)ˈtʃeɪndʒ/ /ɪntɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɪntə(ɹ).tʃeɪndʒ/ /ˈɪntɚt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ interchanges n
échangeur autoroutier sortie échangeur échangeur routier
(countable) A junction in which traffic may merge to enter or diverge to exit a limited-access highway to access a surface street, without crossing traffic on the main highway.
échangeur autoroutier échangeur échangeur routier
(rail transport, countable) A connection between two or more lines, services or modes of transport; a station at which such a connection can be made.

interchangeability interchangeabilities n
interchangeabilité
The quality of being interchangeable.

interchangeable /ɪntɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩/ [ɪɾ̃ɚˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒəbl̩] adj
interchangeable
Freely substitutable; that may be swapped at will.

intercity adj
interurbain
Between cities; connecting cities with other cities.

intercom intercoms n
interphone parlophone portier électronique
An electronic communication system, especially one between rooms in a building.

intercommunality intercommunalities n
intercommunalité

intercompany adj
interentreprise

intercomprehension intercomprehensions n
intercompréhension
(linguistics) The ability to comprehend each other in spite of speaking different languages.

interconnect /ˌɪn.tə.kəˈnɛkt/ /ˌɪn.tɚ.kəˈnɛkt/ [ˌɪn.(ɾ)ɚ.kəˈnɛkt] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚ.kəˈnɛkt] v
interconnecter
(transitive) To connect to one another.

interconnectedness interconnectednesses n
interconnexion
The state of being interconnected.

interconnection interconnections n
interconnexion
A connection (physical or logical) between multiple things

intercontinental /ˌɪn.tə.kɒn.tɪˈnɛn.təl/ /ˌɪn.tɚ.kɑn.tɪ.ˈnɛn.təl/ adj
intercontinental
Taking place between two or more continents.

intercontinental ballistic missile intercontinental ballistic missiles n
missile balistique intercontinental
(military, rocketry) A class of long-range missiles associated especially with carrying nuclear warheads.

intercourse /ˈɪn.təˌkɔːs/ /ˈɪn.tɚˌkoɹs/ /ˈɪn.tɚˌkɔɹs/ intercourses n
relation sexuelle
Sexual intercourse usually involving humans.

intercultural more intercultural most intercultural adj
interculturel
of, relating to, or between different cultures

interdependence interdependences n
interdépendance
The condition of being interdependent.

interdependent more interdependent most interdependent adj
interdépendant
Mutually dependent; reliant on one another.

interdict /ɪntəˈdɪkt/ /ɪntɚˈdɪkt/ /ˈɪntədɪkt/ /ˈɪntɚdɪkt/ interdicts n
interdit
A papal decree prohibiting the administration of the sacraments from a political entity under the power of a single person (e.g., a king or an oligarchy with similar powers). Extreme unction/Anointing of the Sick is excepted.

interdict /ɪntəˈdɪkt/ /ɪntɚˈdɪkt/ /ˈɪntədɪkt/ /ˈɪntɚdɪkt/ v
interdire
(transitive, US, military) To impede (an enemy); to interrupt or destroy (enemy communications, supply lines etc). [from 20th c.]

interdictory adj
interdictoire
being prohibited, interdicted.

interdigital adj
interdigital
(anatomy) Between the fingers or toes.

interdimensional adj
inter-dimensionnel interdimensionnel
Between dimensions.

interdisciplinary more interdisciplinary most interdisciplinary adj
interdisciplinaire
Of or pertaining to multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study.
Of or pertaining to a linkage between multiple distinct academic disciplines or fields of study.

interest /ˈɪntəɹst/ /ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈɪntəɹɛst/ /ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈɪntɹɛst/ /ˈɪntɹɪst/ interests n
intérêt
(uncountable, finance) The price paid for obtaining, or price received for providing, money or goods in a credit transaction, calculated as a fraction of the amount or value of what was borrowed. [from earlier 16th c.]
(uncountable) A great attention and concern from someone or something; intellectual curiosity. [from later 18th c.]
(uncountable) Attention that is given to or received from someone or something.
(countable) Something which, or someone whom, one is interested in.

interest /ˈɪntəɹst/ /ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈɪntəɹɛst/ /ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈɪntɹɛst/ /ˈɪntɹɪst/ v
intéresser
(obsolete, often, _, impersonal) To be concerned with or engaged in; to affect; to concern; to excite.

interest rate interest rates n
taux d'intérêt
(finance) The percentage of an amount of money charged for its use per some period of time (often a year).

interest-free adj
sans intérêt
(finance) Not charging interest; not subject to interest payments.

interested /ˈɪntəɹɛstəd/ /ˈɪntəɹɛstɪd/ /ˈɪntəɹɪstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹəstəd/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪd/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪd/ more interested most interested adj
intéressé
Having or showing interest (attention or curiosity).

interestedly more interestedly most interestedly adv
avec intérêt
In an interested manner; with interest.

interesting /ˈɪn(t)əɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntəɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹəstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɛstɪŋ/ /ˈɪntɹɪstɪŋ/ more interesting most interesting adj
intéressant
Arousing or holding the attention or interest of someone.

interesting condition interesting conditions n
position intéressante situation intéressante état intéressant
(euphemistic, archaic) Pregnancy [from mid-18th c.]

interestingly more interestingly most interestingly adv
de façon intéressante
in an interesting way

interface /ˈɪn(t)ɚˌfeɪs/ /ˈɪntəfeɪs/ interfaces n
interface
The point of interconnection or contact between entities.
(chemistry, physics) A thin layer or boundary between different substances or two phases of a single substance.
(computing) The point of interconnection between systems or subsystems.
(computing) The connection between a user and a machine.
(computing, object-oriented) The connection between parts of software; also the public or published sections of an object or module,
(computing, object-oriented) In object-oriented programming, a piece of code defining a set of operations that other code must implement.
(object-oriented programming) In some languages, a block of code declaring the interface (point of interconnection) between a class and code that interacts with it.

interfacer interfacers n
interfaceur
one who, or that which, interfaces

interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌɪntɚˈfɪɹ/ v
perturber entraver mêler
(intransitive) To get involved or involve oneself, causing disturbance.
interférer
(intransitive, physics) (of waves) To be correlated with each other when overlapped or superposed.

interference /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈfɪəɹəns/ /ˌɪntəɹˈfiɹɪns/ interferences n
ingérence interférence
The act of interfering with something, or something that interferes.
interférence
(physics) An effect caused by the superposition of two systems of waves.

interferometer interferometers n
interféromètre
(physics) any of several instruments that use the interference of waves to determine wavelengths and wave velocities, determine refractive indices, measure small distances, temperature changes, stresses, and many other useful measurements.

interferometry n
interférométrie
(physics) The design and use of optical or radio interferometers.

interferon interferons n
interféron
(biochemistry) Any of a group of glycoproteins, produced by the immune system, that prevent viral replication in infected cells.

interfile v
interclasser

interfix interfixes n
interfixe
(linguistic morphology) A morph inserted between two morphemes in the process of word formation, such as the empty morphs English -i- and -o-.

interfluve interfluves n
interfluve
(geology) The region of higher land between two connected river valleys.

intergalactic adj
intergalactique
(astronomy) Occurring between galaxies.

intergender adj
intergenre

intergenerational adj
intergénérationnel intergénérationnelle
Between or across generations.

interglacial adj
interglaciaire post-glaciaire
Occurring between glaciations (colloquially known as ice ages).

intergovernmental adj
intergouvernemental
Of, relating to, or involving two or more governments.

interhuman adj
interhumain
Between humans

interim /ˈɪntəɹɪm/ interims n
intérim intervalle
A transitional or temporary period between other events.

interior /ɪnˈtɪ.ɹi.ɚ/ /ɪnˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə/ adj
intérieur
Within any limits, enclosure, or substance; inside; internal; inner.

interior /ɪnˈtɪ.ɹi.ɚ/ /ɪnˈtɪə.ɹɪ.ə/ interiors n
intérieur
The inside of a building, container, cavern, or other enclosed structure.

interior design interior designs n
architecture d'intérieur
The design of space inside homes and buildings, such as choice of decor and furnishings.

interior designer interior designers n
architecte d'intérieur
A home decor designer; a person in the business of interior design.

interior minister interior ministers n
ministre [[de l']]Intérieur ministre des affaires intérieures

interject /ɪn.təˈdʒɛkt/ /ɪn.tɚˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
intervenir
(intransitive) To interpose oneself; to intervene.

interjection /ɪn.təˈdʒɛk.ʃən/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ interjections n
interjection
(grammar) An exclamation or filled pause; a word or phrase with no particular grammatical relation to a sentence, often an expression of emotion.

interlace /ˈɪn.tɚ.leɪs/ /ˌɪn.təˈleɪs/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈleɪs/ v
entrelacer
(intransitive) To cross one another as if woven together; to intertwine; to blend intricately.

interlanguage /ɪnˈtɜɹˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ interlanguages n
interlangue
A language generated by a student of a foreign language that incorporates aspects of their native language and the target language.

interleave v
entrelacer imbriquer intercaler
(transitive) To intersperse (something) at regular intervals between the parts of a thing or between items in a group.

interlinear adj
interlinéaire
having alternate lines of text in different languages

interlinear interlinears n
glose interlinéaire interlinéaire
A translated text having alternate lines in different languages.

interlocution interlocutions n
interlocution
Discussion or conversation.

interlocutor /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑ.kə.təɹ/ /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.ju.təɹ/ /ˌɪn.təɹˈlɑk.jə.təɹ/ /ˌɪntəˈlɒkjətə/ /ˌɪntəˈlɒkjʊtə/ interlocutors n
interlocuteur interlocutrice
A person who takes part in dialogue or conversation.

interloper /ˌɪntəˈləʊ̯pə/ /ˌɪntɚˈloʊ̯pɚ/ /ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈloʊ̯pɚ/ interlopers n
intrus
One who interferes, intrudes or gets involved where not welcome, particularly a self-interested intruder.

interlude /ˈɪntə(ɹ)ljuːd/ /ˈɪntə(ɹ)luːd/ interludes n
interlude
An intervening episode, etc.
An entertainment between the acts of a play.
(music) A short piece put between the parts of a longer composition.

intermediary /ˌɪn(t)ɚˈmidiˌɛɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdi.əɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdjəɹi/ /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈmiːdʒəɹi/ intermediaries n
intermédiaire
An agent acting as a mediator between sides to facilitate agreement or cooperation.

intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.diˌeɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.eɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.ət/ more intermediate most intermediate adj
intermédiaire
Being between two extremes, or in the middle of a range.

intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.diˌeɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.eɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.ət/ intermediates n
intermédiaire
Anything in an intermediate position.
An intermediary.

intermediate /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.di.ət/ /ɪn.tə(ɹ)ˈmi.diˌeɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.eɪt/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈmi.di.ət/ v
concilier
(intransitive) To mediate, to be an intermediate.

intermediate phalange intermediate phalanges n
phalangine
(skeleton) Any of the phalanx bones in the middle of the fingers or toes; middle phalange

intermediation intermediations n
entremise intermédiation
(uncountable) Intervention; interposition.

intermezzo /ɪntəˈmɛtsəʊ/ /ɪntɚˈmɛtsoʊ/ /ɪntɛɹˈmɛdzoʊ/ intermezzi intermezzos n
intermède
(music, arts) A short piece of music or act in the interval of the main spectacle; a theatrical interlude.

intermingle v
brasser entremêler
To mix or become mixed together.

interministerial adj
interministériel
Between ministries.

intermission /ɪntɚˈmɪʃən/ intermissions n
entracte interlude intermède
A break, especially between two performances or sessions, such as at a concert, play, seminar, or religious assembly.

intermittency intermittencies n
intermittence
The state of being intermittent; periodicity.

intermittent /ˌɪntəˈmɪtn̩t/ /ˌɪntɚˈmɪtn̩t/ more intermittent most intermittent adj
intermittent
Stopping and starting, occurring, or presenting at intervals; coming after a particular time span.

intermittently /ɪn.təˈmɪt.ənt.lɪ/ adv
intermittemment par intermittence
Stopping or starting at intervals.

intermix v
entremêler mélanger
(transitive) To mix together; to intermingle or blend.

intermodal adj
intermodal
Relating to more than one mode of transport.

intermunicipality intermunicipalities n
intermunicipalité

intern /ˈɪntɜːn/ /ˈɪntɝn/ interns n
stagiaire
A student or recent graduate who works in order to gain experience in their chosen field.
interne (des hôpitaux)
A medical student or recent graduate working in a hospital as a final part of medical training.

intern /ɪnˈtɜːn/ /ɪnˈtɝn/ v
interner
(transitive) To imprison somebody, usually without trial.

internal /ɪnˈtɜː.nl̩/ /ɪnˈtɜː.nəl/ /ɪnˈtɝ.nl̩/ /ˈɪnˌtɝ.nl̩/ more internal most internal adj
interne
(medicine) Within the body.
Concerned with the non-public affairs of a company or other organisation.
Concerned with the domestic affairs of a nation, state or other political community.
Of the inner nature of a thing.

internal combustion engine internal combustion engines n
moteur à combustion interne moteur à explosion
A heat engine in which intermittent or the continuous burning of a fuel takes place inside a combustion chamber; the resulting pressurized gas acts directly on the engine to do useful work, such as a piston engine, gas turbine, jet engine or rocket.

internal link internal links n
lien interne

internalize /ɪnˈtɝnəlaɪz/ v
intérioriser
(transitive) To make something internal; to incorporate it in oneself.

internally displaced person internally displaced people internally displaced persons n
déplacé interne
Someone who is forced to flee their home but who remains within their country's borders.

international /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] more international most international adj
international
common to, or affecting, two or more nations.
Of or concerning the association called the International.

international /ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈnæʃ.(ə.)n(ə)l/ [ˌɪntəˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪntɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] [ˌɪɾ̃ɚˈnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ɫ] internationals n
internationale
(politics) A transnational organization of political parties of similar ideology.

international airport international airports n
aéroport international
An airport that accepts international flights.

international auxiliary language international auxiliary languages n
langue auxiliaire internationale
(linguistics) A language intended to be used by people who do not share a common language.

international community n
communauté internationale

international law n
droit international
Set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations, serving as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations.

international organization international organizations n
organisation internationale
(international law) An organisation established by a treaty or other instrument governed by international law and possessing its own international legal personality.

international relations n
relations internationales
The study of political and trade relationships among countries.

international rules football n
football de règles internationales football international
A sport created as a mixture of Australian rules football and Gaelic football, to allow international matches between Australia and Ireland.

international unit international units n
unité internationale
(pharmacology) A particular, minute unit of mass, defined differently for different substances, but so that varying substances of the same general type have the property that one international unit of the one has the same effect on the human body as one international unit of the other.

international waters n
eaux internationales
(international law) Those parts of the ocean that are not legally recognized as being under the jurisdiction of any national government.

internationalism internationalisms n
internationalisme
(politics) Political, economic and cultural cooperation between nations.

internationalist more internationalist most internationalist adj
internationaliste
Of or pertaining to internationalism.

internationalist internationalists n
internationaliste
An advocate of internationalism.

internationalization /ɪntəˌnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ləˈzeɪʃən/ /ɪntɚˌnæʃ(ə)n(ə)ləˈzeɪʃən/ internationalizations n
internationalisation
The conversion of something in order to make it international.
(software engineering) The act or process of making a product suitable for international markets, typically by making text messages easily translatable and ensuring support of non-Latin character sets, languages, and regions.

internationalize v
internationaliser
(transitive) To make something international; to involve multiple nations in.

internationally more internationally most internationally adv
internationnalement
In an international manner.

internaut internauts n
internaute
(dated) A designer, operator, or technically capable professional user of the Internet.

internecine /-sɪn/ /ˌɪntəˈniːsaɪn/ /ˌɪntɚˈnisin/ /ˌɪntɚˈnɛsin/ /ˌɪntɚˈnɛsən/ adj
intestin
Characterized by struggle within a group, usually applied to an ethnic or familial relationship.

internee /ɪntɜːˈniː/ /ɪntɝˈniː/ internees n
interné
One who is imprisoned or otherwise confined.

internist internists n
interniste
(medicine) A physician who specialises in internal medicine.

internment /ɪnˈtɜːnmənt/ /ɪnˈtɝnmənt/ internments n
internement
Confinement within narrow limits, as of foreign troops, to the interior of a country.

internment camp internment camps n
camp d'internement
(euphemism) a concentration camp, especially a non-Nazi one from before or during WWII; a detention center; a relocation camp.

internode internodes n
entrenœud
(botany) A section of stem between two stem nodes.

internship /ˈɪntɜːnʃɪp/ /ˈɪntɝnʃɪp/ internships n
stage
A job taken by a student in order to learn a profession or trade.

internship report internship reports n
rapport de stage

interoperability /ˌɪntəɹɒpəɹəˈbɪləti/ interoperabilities n
interopérabilité interfonctionnement
The capability of a product or system, to interact and function with others reciprocally.
(military) The capacity for a service, piece of equipment etc., to be operated by different forces or groups.

interorganic adj
interorganique

interparliamentary adj
interparlementaire
Between parliaments.

interpellate /ɪn.ˈtɜɹ.pə.ˌleɪt/ /ˌɪn.təɹ.ˈpɛl.eɪt/ v
interpeller
(obsolete) To interrupt (someone) so as to inform or question (that person about something).
(transitive, chiefly, politics) To question (someone) formally concerning official or governmental policy or business.

interpellation interpellations n
interpellation
(politics) The act of interpellating (questioning); the period in which government officials are questioned about and explain an act, a policy or a point raised during a debate.

interpersonal adj
interpersonnel
Between two or more people.

interpetiolar /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˌpɛtiˈəʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
interpétiolaire
(botany) Between petioles.

interphobia n
interphobie

interphobic more interphobic most interphobic adj
interphobe

interplanetary adj
interplanétaire
Existing or occurring between planets.

interpolate /ɪn.ˈtɜɹ.pə.ˌleɪt/ v
interpoler
(transitive, intransitive) To introduce (something) between other things; especially to insert (possibly spurious) words into a text.
(mathematics) To estimate the value of a function between two tabulated points.

interpose /ˌɪn.təˈpəʊz/ /ˌɪn.tɚˈpoʊz/ v
intercalé
intercaler interposer
(transitive) To insert something (or oneself) between other things.
casser le fil couper interrompre
(transitive) To interrupt a conversation by introducing a different subject or making a comment.
s'interposer se jeter dans la mêlée se mêler à semer la merde
(intransitive) To intervene in a dispute, or in a conversation.

interposition interpositions n
interposition
The act of interposing, or the state of being interposed; a being, placing, or coming between; mediation.

interpret /ɪn.tɚˈpɹɛt/ /ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪt/ /ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪt/ /ˈin.tɚ.pɹɛt/ v
interpréter traduire
To decode the meaning of a topic and then act, whether to continue researching the topic, follow through, act in opposition, or further the understanding through sharing an interpretation.
interpréter
To explain or tell the meaning of; to translate orally into intelligible or familiar language or terms. applied especially to language, but also to dreams, signs, conduct, mysteries, etc.
To apprehend and represent by means of art; to show by illustrative representation

interpretable [ɪn.tɚˈpɹɛt.ə.bl̩] [ɪnˈtɜː.pɹɪ.tə.bl̩] [ɪnˈtɝ.pɹɪ.tə.bl̩] [ˈin.tɚ.pɹɛt.ə.bl̩] more interpretable most interpretable adj
interprétable
Capable of being interpreted or explained.

interpretation /ɪntəpɹəˈteɪʃən/ /ɪntɚpɹəˈteɪʃən/ interpretations n
interprétation
(countable) An act of interpreting or explaining something unclear; a translation; a version.
(countable) A sense given by an interpreter; an exposition or explanation given; meaning.
(uncountable, linguistics, translation studies) The discipline or study of translating one spoken or signed language into another (as opposed to translation, which concerns itself with written language).

interpreter /ɪnˈtɜːpɹɪtə/ /ɪnˈtɝpɹɪtɚ/ interpreters n
interprète
A person who converts spoken or signed language into a different language for the benefit of one or more others who do not understand the first language being used (especially if in real time or shortly after that person has finished communicating). (Contrasted with translator.)
interpréteur interprète
(computing) A program that executes another program written in a high-level language by reading the instructions in real time rather than by compiling it in advance.

interpretership interpreterships n
interprétariat

interproject adj
interprojet
Between projects; of or relating to an intersection of multiple projects.

interpunct interpuncts n
point en haut point médian
(typography) The punctuation mark ⟨·⟩.

interquartile range interquartile ranges n
écart interquartile
(statistics) The difference between the first and third quartiles; a robust measure of sample dispersion.

interquery adj
inter-requête
(databases) Between more than one query.

interracial /ˌɪntəˈɹeɪʃəl/ more interracial most interracial adj
interracial
Between or among two or more different races.

interregional adj
interrégional
Of, pertaining to, or connecting two or more regions.

interregnum /ˌɪntəɹˈɹɛɡnəm/ interregna interregnums n
interrègne
The period of time between the end of a sovereign's reign and the accession of another sovereign.

interrelation interrelations n
interrelation
Mutual or reciprocal relation; correlation; interrelationship

interrex interreges interrexes n
interroi
(history) An official in Ancient Rome who acted as single head of state during the interregnum between two consulates.

interrobang /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹɔˌbæŋ/ /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəʊˌbæŋ/ /ɪnˈtɛ.ɹəˌbæŋ/ interrobangs n
point exclarrogatif
The nonstandard punctuation mark ‽ (a combination of ? and !), which may be used at the end of a sentence to express excitement or disbelief, or to indicate that it is a rhetorical question. [from 1962.]

interrogate /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.ə.ɡæɪt/ /ɪnˈtɛɹ.əˌɡeɪt/ v
interroger
(transitive) to question or quiz, especially in a thorough and/or aggressive manner

interrogative /ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.təˈɹɒɡ.ə.tɪv/ /ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.tɪv/ [ˌɪn.təˈɹɑ.ɡə.ɾɪv] [ˌɪn.təˈɹɔɡ.ə.ɾɪv] adj
interrogatif
(grammar) Asking or denoting a question: as, an interrogative phrase, pronoun, or point.

interrogative pronoun interrogative pronouns n
pronom interrogatif
(grammar) A pronoun used in a question. In English, the five interrogative pronouns are what, which, who, whom, and whose (also used as relative pronouns). These require no antecedent.

interrogatively adv
interrogativement
In an interrogative manner; by means of a question.

interrogator interrogators n
interrogateur interrogatrice
One who interrogates; a person who asks questions; a questioner.

interrupt /ˈɪntəˌɹʌpt/ /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpt/ v
interrompre couper
(ambitransitive) To disturb or halt (an ongoing process or action, or the person performing it) by interfering suddenly, especially by speaking.

interruption /ˌɪntəˈɹʌpʃən/ interruptions n
interruption
The act of interrupting, or the state of being interrupted.
A time interval during which there is a cessation of something.

interscapular adj
interscapulaire

interschool adj
interscolaire
Occurring or taking place between two or more schools.

intersection /ˈɪntəɹˌsɛkʃən/ /ˌɪntəɹˈsɛkʃən/ intersections n
intersection carrefour
The junction of two (or more) paths, streets, highways, or other thoroughfares.
intersection
(geometry) The point or set of points common to two geometrical objects (such as the point where two lines meet or the line where two planes intersect).
(set theory) The set containing all the elements that are common to two or more sets.

intersectionality /ɪntəˌsɛkʃəˈnælɪti/ /ɪntɚˌsɛkʃəˈnæləti/ intersectionalities n
intersectionnalité
The study of (or a sociological methodology of studying) overlapping or intersecting social identities and related systems of oppression, domination, or discrimination.

intersex /ˈɪntəsɛks/ /ˈɪntɚsɛks/ adj
intersexe intersexué
(of an individual) Having any of a variety of inherent conditions (in a species with distinct sexes) in which one's sex characteristics differ from those of a typical male and female; for example, having sex characteristics relating to both male and female sexes.

intersex /ˈɪntəsɛks/ /ˈɪntɚsɛks/ intersexes n
intersexué intersexuée
(biology, zoology) An individual with any of these conditions.

intersexphobia n
intersexophobie

intersexphobic more intersexphobic most intersexphobic adj
intersexophobe

intersexuality n
intersexualité intersexuation
The state of having the physical features of both sexes, or of having ambiguous sex, i.e. not unambiguously male or female.

interspecific /ˌɪntəspəˈsɪfɪk/ /ˌɪntɚspəˈsɪfɪk/ adj
interspécifique
occurring among members of different species; interspecies

intersperse /ɪntə(ɹ)ˈspɜː(ɹ)s/ v
entremêler intercaler
To mix two things irregularly, placing things of one kind among things of other.
intercaler
(transitive) To diversify by placing or inserting other things among something.

interstate /ˈɪntɚˌsteɪt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌsteɪ̯t] adv
interétatique
(chiefly, US, and, Australia) Crossing states (usually provincial state, but also e.g. multinational sense).

interstate /ˈɪntɚˌsteɪt/ [ˈɪɾ̃ɚˌsteɪ̯t] interstates n
inter-états
(US) A freeway that is part of the Interstate Highway System.

interstellar adj
interstellaire intersidéral
Between the stars.

interstellar space interstellar spaces n
espace interstellaire
The space between the stars.

interstice /ɪnˈtɚ.stəs/ /ɪnˈtɜː.stɪs/ interstices n
interstice
A small opening or space between objects, especially adjacent objects or objects set closely together, as between cords in a rope or components of a multiconductor electrical cable or between atoms in a crystal.

interstitial /ɪntəɹˈstɪʃəl/ /ɪntəˈstɪʃəl/ adj
interstitiel
Of, relating to, or situated in an interstice.

interstitial /ɪntəɹˈstɪʃəl/ /ɪntəˈstɪʃəl/ interstitials n
publicité interstitielle
(Internet, advertising) A web page, usually carrying advertising, displayed when leaving one content page for another.

interstitium /ˌɪntɚˈstɪʃi.əm/ interstitia n
espace interstitiel intestitium
(medicine) An interstitial space within a tissue or organ.

intersubjective adj
intersubjectif
Accessible to or capable of being established for two or more subjects.

intertextuality intertextualities n
intertextualité
The idea that a given text is a response to what has already been written, be it explicit or implicit.

intertidal zone intertidal zones n
batture estran
(oceanography) The part of a shore between high water and low water, especially the beach exposed at maximum ebb spring tides.

intertropical adj
intertropical
Between or within the tropics.

intertwine /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈtwaɪn/ v
entrelacer enchevêtrer
(transitive) To twine something together.
entrelacer
(intransitive) To become twined together; to become mutually involved.

intertwined more intertwined most intertwined adj
entrelacé
(literal) Twined or twisted together; entwined.

interuniversity adj
interuniversitaire
Existing or taking place between universities.

interval /ˈɪntəvəl/ /ˈɪntɚvəl/ intervals n
intervalle
A distance in space.
A period of time.
(music) The difference (a ratio or logarithmic measure) in pitch between two notes, often referring to those two pitches themselves (otherwise known as a dyad).
(mathematics) A connected section of the real line which may be empty or have a length of zero.

interval training n
entraînement fractionné fractionné

intervene /ˌɪntə(ɹ)ˈviːn/ v
intervenir
(ambitransitive) To come between, or to be between, persons or things.
(legal) In a suit to which one has not been made a party, to put forward a defense of one's interest in the subject matter.

intervention /ɪntəˈvɛnʃən/ /ɪntɚˈvɛnʃən/ interventions n
intervention
The action of intervening; interfering in some course of events.
(medicine) An action taken or procedure performed; an operation.

interventionism interventionisms n
interventionnisme
(politics) The political practice of intervening in a sovereign state's affairs.

interventionist more interventionist most interventionist adj
interventionniste

interventricular adj
interventriculaire
(anatomy) Located between the ventricles of the heart.

intervertebral disc intervertebral discs n
disque intervertébral
(anatomy) A disc between the vertebra in the spine.

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ interviews n
interview entretien entrevue
A conversation in person (or, by extension, over the telephone, Internet etc.) between a journalist and someone whose opinion or statements he or she wishes to record for publication, broadcast etc. [from 19th c.]
entrevue entretien entretien d'embauche
A formal meeting, in person, for the assessment of a candidate or applicant. [from 20th c.]

interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ /ˈɪntɚvjuː/ v
interroger avoir une entrevue interviewer
(intransitive) To be interviewed; to attend an interview.

interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə/ /ˈɪntɚvjuɚ/ interviewers n
intervieweur intervieweuse
One who interviews.

intervocalic /ˌɪntəvəʊˈkælɪk/ /ˌɪntəɹvoʊˈkælɪk/ adj
intervocalique
(phonetics) Existing or occurring between vowels.

interwar adj
entre-deux-guerres
During or relating to the period of time between two wars, especially the two World Wars (1919–1939).

interweave /ˌɪntəɹˈwiv/ /ˌɪntəˈwiːv/ [-ɾəɹ-] v
entrelacer
(transitive) To combine (things) through weaving.

interzonal adj
interzonal
Between zones.

intestate /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/ adj
intestat
Without a valid will indicating whom to leave one's estate to after death.

intestate /ɪnˈtɛsteɪt/ intestates n
intestat intestate
(legal) A person who dies without making a valid will.

intestinal /ɪnˈtes.tɪ.nəl/ /ɪnˈtɛs.tɪ.nəl/ adj
intestinal
Relating to the intestines.

intestine /ɪnˈtɛstaɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛstɪn/ /ɪnˈtɛsˌtiːn/ /ˈɪntɛstaɪn/ /ˈɪntɛstɪn/ intestines n
intestin boyau
(anatomy, often pluralized) The alimentary canal of an animal through which food passes after having passed all stomachs.
intestin
One of certain subdivisions of this part of the alimentary canal, such as the small or large intestine in human beings.

intifada /ˌɪntɪˈfɑːdə/ intifadas n
intifada
An insurrection; a usually violent attempt to take control of a government.
An uprising, resistant struggle or rebellious protest, especially the Palestinian uprisings against Israel.

intimacy /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/ intimacies n
intimité
(uncountable, countable) Feeling or atmosphere of closeness and openness towards someone else, often but not necessarily involving sexuality.

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.meɪt/ /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/ more intimate most intimate adj
intime
Closely acquainted; familiar.
Of or involved in a sexual relationship.
Personal; private.

intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt/ v
intimider
(transitive) To make timid or afraid; to cause to feel fear or nervousness; to deter, especially by threats of violence

intimidating more intimidating most intimidating adj
intimidant intimidante
Threatening, producing feelings of fear or timidity.

intimidation /ɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/ intimidations n
intimidation
The act of making timid or fearful or of deterring by threats; the state of being intimidated.

intimidator intimidators n
intimidateur
One who intimidates.

intimism intimisms n
intimisme
(arts) A genre of art (or literature) involving the depiction of quiet, domestic scenes, usually of domestic interiors

intinction /ɪnˈtɪŋkʃən/ intinctions n
intinction
The act of steeping or soaking the bread (or 'body' of Christ) in the wine (or 'blood' of Christ) so the communicant may receive both aspects of the Eucharist simultaneously.

into /ˈɪn.tu/ /ˈɪn.tuː/ /ˈɪn.tə/ /ˈɪn.tʊ/ preposition
dans au milieu de parmi à [[l']]intérieur de
To or towards the inside of.
dans en
To or towards the region of.
dans
Against, especially with force or violence.
en
(mathematics) Expressing the operation of division, with the denominator given first. Usually with "goes".
à propos de
Investigating the subject (of).

into the bargain
par-dessus le marché pour couronner le tout
(informal) along with it; additionally; as well

intolerable /ɪnˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ /ɪnˈtɒləɹəbl̩/ more intolerable most intolerable adj
intolérable
Not tolerable; not capable of being borne or endured.

intolerably more intolerably most intolerably adv
intolérablement
In an intolerable manner; beyond endurance.

intolerance /ɪnˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈtɒl.ə.ɹəns/ /ɪnˈtɔl.ə.ɹəns/ intolerances n
intolérance
(uncountable) The state of being intolerant.
(countable, medicine) Extreme sensitivity to a food or drug; of a food that is generally considered edible, an individual inability to digest it.

intolerant /ɪnˈtɑləɹənt/ /ɪnˈtɒləɹənt/ more intolerant most intolerant adj
intolérant
Not tolerant; close-minded about new or different ideas; indisposed to tolerate contrary opinions or beliefs; impatient of dissent or opposition; denying or refusing the right of private opinion or choice in others; inclined to persecute or suppress dissent.

intolerantly more intolerantly most intolerantly adv
intoléramment
In an intolerant manner; without toleration.

intonation /ɪntəˈneɪʃən/ intonations n
intonation
(linguistics) The rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
Singing or playing in good tune or otherwise.
Reciting in a musical prolonged tone; intonating or singing of the opening phrase of a plain-chant, psalm, or canticle by a single voice, as of a priest.

intoxicate /ɪnˈtɑksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɑksɪkət/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪt/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkət/ v
intoxiquer
To stupefy by doping with chemical substances such as alcohol.

intoxicated /ɪnˈtɑksɪkeɪtɪd/ /ɪnˈtɒksɪkeɪtɪd/ more intoxicated most intoxicated adj
ivre
Stupefied by alcohol, drunk.

intoxication /ɪntɑksɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ɪntɒksɪˈkeɪʃən/ intoxications n
intoxication
A poisoning, as by a spirituous or a narcotic substance.

intra- /ˌɪn.tɹə/ prefix
intra-
inside, within, interior

intracellular adj
intracellulaire
Inside or within a cell.

intracommunity adj
intracommunautaire

intractable /ɪnˈtɹæk.tə.bəl/ more intractable most intractable adj
buté
ingouvernable
Not tractable; not able to be managed, controlled, governed or directed.
intraitable
(maths) (of a mathematical problem) Not able to be solved in polynomial time; too difficult to attempt to solve.
(medicine) Difficult to treat (of a medical condition).

intradermal adj
intradermique

intradiegetic more intradiegetic most intradiegetic adj
intradiégétique

intrafamilial adj
intrafamilial

intragroup adj
intragroupe

intralogistics n
intralogistique

intramural more intramural most intramural adj
interne
Within the substance of the walls of an organ.

intramuscular adj
intramusculaire
Inside a muscle or the muscles.

intranet /ˈɪntɹəˌnɛt/ intranets n
intranet
(computing) A private computer network, typically one that uses the protocols of the Internet.

intransigence /ɪnˈtɹæn.sɪ.d͡ʒəns/ intransigences n
intransigeance
Unwillingness to change one's views or to agree.

intransigent /ɪnˈtɹæn.sə.d͡ʒənt/ /ɪnˈtɹæn.zə.d͡ʒənt/ more intransigent most intransigent adj
intransigeant impitoyable
Unwilling to compromise or moderate a position; unreasonable.

intransitive /ɪnˈtɹænsətɪv/ /ɪnˈtɹænzətɪv/ adj
intransitif
(grammar, of a verb) Not transitive: not having, or not taking, a direct object.

intransitive verb /ɪnˌtɹænsətɪv ˈvɜːb/ /ɪnˌtɹænzətɪv ˈvɜːb/ intransitive verbs n
verbe intransitif
(grammar) An action verb which does not take a direct object.

intransitively adv
intransitivement
(grammar) In an intransitive manner; without an object following.

intransitivity intransitivities n
intransitivité
(grammar) The state or quality of being intransitive

intranslatability n
intraductibilité intraduisibilité
The quality or property of being untranslatable; inability to be translated.

intraordinary /ɪntɹəˈɔɹdɪˌnɛɹi/ /ɪntɹəˈɔːdɪn(ə)ɹi/ /ɪnˈtɹɔːdɪn(ə)ɹi/ more intraordinary most intraordinary adj
intraordinaire
(rare, nonstandard) Falling within normal parameters; normal, ordinary.

intrapreneurship /ˌɪn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː.ʃɪp/ /ˌɪn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɝ.ʃɪp/ /ˌɪn.tɹə.pɹəˈnʊɚ.ʃɪp/ n
intrapreunariat
The practice of applying entrepreneurial skills and approaches within an established company.

intraquery adj
intra-requête
(databases) Within a single query.

intrasexual adj
intrasexuel
Within a group of individuals of the same sex.

intraspecific more intraspecific most intraspecific adj
intraspécifique
Occurring among members of the same species.

intrathecal adj
intrathécal
(medicine) Delivered into the spinal canal (intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord), e.g. a spinal anesthesia.

intraurban adj
intra-urbain

intrauterine /ˌɪntrəˈjuːtəɹaɪn/ /ˌɪntrəˈjuːtəɹɪn/ adj
intra-utérin
Located or taking place inside the uterus.

intrauterine device intrauterine devices n
DIU dispositif intra-utérin stérilet
A contraceptive device consisting of a spiral or similar shape of plastic or metal inserted through the vagina into the uterus in order to prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg.

intrauterine insemination intrauterine inseminations n
insémination intra-utérine
(medicine) The insertion of sperm directly into a woman's uterus, typically as a way of increasing the chances of conception.

intravascular adj
intravasculaire
Pertaining to anything inside blood vessels, including the internal surface of veins and arteries.

intravenous /ɪntɹəˈviːnəs/ adj
intraveineux endoveineux
Inside the veins.

intravenously adv
intraveineusement
(medicine) In an intravenous manner; by means of intravenous injection.

intrepid /ɪnˈtɹɛpɪd/ more intrepid most intrepid adj
intrépide
Fearless; bold; brave.

intricate /ˈɪn.tɹɪ.kət/ more intricate most intricate adj
compliqué tortueux
Having a great deal of fine detail or complexity.

intrigue /ɪnˈtɹiːɡ/ /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ intrigues n
intrigue
A complicated or clandestine plot or scheme intended to effect some purpose by secret artifice; conspiracy; stratagem.
The plot of a play, poem or romance; the series of complications in which a writer involves their imaginary characters.

intrigue /ɪnˈtɹiːɡ/ /ˈɪntɹiːɡ/ v
intriguer conspirer
(intransitive) To conceive or carry out a secret plan intended to harm; to form a plot or scheme.
intriguer
(transitive) To arouse the interest of; to fascinate.

intriguing /ɪnˈtɹiːɡɪŋ/ more intriguing most intriguing adj
fascinant
Causing a desire to know more; mysterious.

intrinsic /ɪn.ˈtɹɪn.zɪk/ more intrinsic most intrinsic adj
intrinsèque immanent inhérent
Innate, inherent, inseparable from the thing itself, essential.
intrinsèque
(anatomy, of a body part) Situated, produced, secreted in, or coming from inside an organ, tissue, muscle or member.

intrinsic motivation intrinsic motivations n
motivation intrinsèque
The incentive to undertake an activity based on the expected enjoyment of the activity itself, rather than external benefits that might result.

intrinsically more intrinsically most intrinsically adv
intrinsèquement
In an intrinsic manner; internally; essentially.

intro /ˈɪntɹoʊ/ intros n
intro
(informal) An introduction.
(informal) The opening sequence at beginning of a film, television program, etc.

introduce /ˌɪntəɹˈdus/ /ˌɪntɹəˈdjuːs/ /ˌɪntɹəˈdus/ v
présenter
(transitive, of people) To cause (someone) to be acquainted (with someone else).
(transitive) To make (something or someone) known by formal announcement or recommendation.
introduire
(transitive) To add (something) to a system, a mixture, or a container.
(transitive) To bring (something) into practice.

introduction /ˌɪntɹəˈdʌkʃən/ introductions n
introduction
The act or process of introducing.
An initial section of a book or article, which introduces the subject material.
présentation introduction
A means, such as a personal letter, of presenting one person to another.

introductory /ˌɪntrəˈdʌktəri/ adj
introductif [[d']]introduction introductoire
Introducing; giving a preview or idea of.

introit /ən-/ /ɪnˈtɹəʊɪt/ /ˈɪntɹɔɪt/ /ˈɪnˌtɹɔɪt/ introits n
introït
(Roman Catholicism, music) A prayer, typically part of a psalm or other portion of the Bible, read or sung at the start of Mass while or immediately after the priest ascends to the altar.

introject /ɪntɹə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
introjeter
(psychology) To unconsciously incorporate into one's psyche.

intron /ˈɪntɹɒn/ introns n
intron
(genetics) A portion of a split gene that is included in pre-RNA transcripts but is removed during RNA processing and rapidly degraded.

introspective /ˌɪntɹəˈspektɪv/ /ˌɪntɹəˈspɛktɪv/ more introspective most introspective adj
introspectif
Examining one's own perceptions and sensory experiences; contemplative or thoughtful about oneself.

introvert /ɪntɹoʊˈvəɹt/ /ɪntɹəʊˈvəːt/ /ˈɪn.tɹə.vɜːt/ /ˈɪn.tɹə.vɝt/ introverts n
introverti
(zoology) An organ or other body part that is or can be turned inside out, especially an anterior portion of some annelid worms capable of retraction.
(psychology) An introverted person: one who is considered more thoughtful than social, with a personality more inwardly than outwardly directed; one who often prefers to have time in non-social situations.

introverted more introverted most introverted adj
introverti
(psychology) Of or characteristic of the personality of an introvert: thoughtful, reflective.

intrude /ɪnˈtɹuːd/ v
empiéter faire intrusion incruster être importun
(intransitive) To thrust oneself in; to come or enter without invitation, permission, or welcome; to encroach; to trespass.

intruder /ənˈtɹudɚ/ /ɪnˈtɹuː.də(ɹ)/ intruders n
intrus importun
Someone who intrudes.

intrusion /ɪnˈtɹuːʒən/ intrusions n
intrusion
The forcible inclusion or entry of an external group or individual; the act of intruding.

intrusive /ɪnˈtɹuːsɪv/ more intrusive most intrusive adj
intrusif
Tending to intrude; doing that which is not welcome; interrupting or disturbing; entering without permission or welcome.

intubate /ˈɪntjʊbeɪt/ /ˈɪntəbeɪt/ /ˈɪntʃəbeɪt/ v
intuber
(transitive, medicine) To insert a tube into.

intubation intubations n
intubation tubage
(medicine) The introduction of a tube into an organ to keep it open, as into the larynx in cases of croup.

intuit /-ˈtʃuː-/ /ɪnˈtjuːɪt/ /ɪnˈtuɪt/ v
intuiter
(ambitransitive) To know intuitively or by immediate perception.

intuition /ɪntuˈɪʃən/ /ˌɪntjuːˈɪʃən/ /ˌɪntʃuː-/ intuitions n
intuition
Immediate cognition without the use of conscious rational processes.
A perceptive insight gained by the use of this faculty.

intuitionism intuitionisms n
intuitionnisme
(mathematics) An approach to mathematics/logic which avoids proof by contradiction, and which requires that, in order to prove that something exists, one must construct it.

intuitive /ɪnˈt(j)uːɪtɪv/ /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪv/ more intuitive most intuitive adj
intuitif
Spontaneous, without requiring conscious thought.

intuitiveness /ɪnˈtjuːɪtɪvnəs/ n
intuitivité
The state of being intuitive.

inundate /ˈɪn.ən.deɪt/ /ˈɪn.ʌn.deɪt/ v
inonder
To cover with large amounts of water; to flood.
To overwhelm.

inundation inundations n
inondation
The act of inundating; an overflow; a flood; a rising and spreading of water over grounds.

inure /ɪˈnjɔː/ /ɪˈnjʊə/ /ɪˈnjʊɹ/ v
habituer aguerrir endurcir prendre effet
(transitive) To cause someone to become accustomed to something that requires prolonged or repeated tolerance of one or more unpleasantries. [from 16th c.]

invadable adj
envahissable
Able to be invaded

invade /ɪnˈveɪd/ v
envahir
(transitive) To enter by force in order to conquer.
(transitive) To infest or overrun.
To attack; to infringe; to encroach on; to violate.

invader /ɪn.ˈveɪ.də(ɹ)/ invaders n
envahisseur envahisseuse
An intruder (especially on someone's privacy)

invaginate v
invaginer
(medicine, surgery) To fold up or enclose into a sheath-like or pouch-like structure, either naturally or as part of a surgical procedure.

invalid /ɪnˈvæl.ɪd/ more invalid most invalid adj
invalide
Not valid; not true, correct, acceptable or appropriate.

invalid /ˈɪn.və.lɪd/ invalids n
invalide
(dated, sometimes, offensive) Any person with a disability or illness.
(dated, sometimes, offensive) A person who is confined to home or bed because of illness, disability or injury; one who is too sick or weak to care for themselves.

invalidate /ɪnˈvæl.ə.dæɪt/ /ɪnˈvæl.əˌdeɪt/ /ɪnˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ v
invalider
To make invalid. Especially applied to contract law.

invaluable /ɪnˈvæljuəbl̩/ /ɪnˈvæljəbl̩/ more invaluable most invaluable adj
inestimable
Having great or incalculable value.

invariable /ɪnˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ɪnˈvɛɚbl̩/ /ɪnˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ adj
invariable
Not variable; unalterable; uniform; always having the same value.

invariably /ɪnˈvɛ(ə).ɹə.bli/ /ɪnˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bli/ /ɪnˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bli/ adv
invariablement
Every time; always, without change.

invariant more invariant most invariant adj
invariant
(mathematics) Unaffected by a specified operation, especially by a transformation.

invariant theory invariant theories n
théorie des invariants
(algebra, representation theory) The branch of algebra concerned with actions of groups on algebraic varieties from the point of view of their effect on functions.

invasion /ɪnˈveɪʒən/ invasions n
invasion
A military action consisting of armed forces of one geopolitical entity entering territory controlled by another such entity, generally with the objective of conquering territory or altering the established government.

invasive /-zɪv/ /ɪnˈveɪsɪv/ more invasive most invasive adj
[[d']]invasion
(military, also, figuratively) That invades a foreign country using military force; also, militarily aggressive.
invasif
(medicine, surgery) Of a procedure: involving the entry of an instrument into part of the body.
Intrusive on one's privacy, rights, sphere of activity, etc.
invasif envahissant
(biology) Of an animal or plant: that grows (especially uncontrollably) in environments which do not harbour natural enemies, often to the detriment of native species or of food or garden flora and fauna.

invasive species invasive species n
espèce envahissante espèce invasive
(biology) Any species that has been introduced to an environment where it is not native, and that has since become a nuisance through rapid spread and increase in numbers, often to the detriment of native species.

invective /ɪnˈvɛktɪv/ invectives n
invective
Something spoken or written, intended to cast shame, disgrace, censure, or reproach on another.

inveigh /ɪnˈveɪ/ v
invectiver opposer élever
(intransitive, with against or occasionally about, formerly also with on, at, upon) To complain loudly, to give voice to one's censure or criticism [from 16th c.]

invent /ɪnˈvɛnt/ v
inventer
To design a new process or mechanism.
To create something fictional for a particular purpose.

invented /ɪnˈvɛntɪd/ more invented most invented adj
trouvé
fictional, made up, imaginary.

invention /ɪnˈvɛnʃən/ inventions n
invention découverte
Something invented.

inventive /ɪnˈvɛntɪv/ more inventive most inventive adj
inventif
Of, or relating to invention; pertaining to the act of devising new mechanisms or processes.
Possessed of a particular capacity for the design of new mechanisms or processes, creative or skilful at inventing.

inventiveness inventivenesses n
inventivité
The quality of being inventive; the faculty of inventing.

inventor /ɪnˈvɛntə/ /ɪnˈvɛntɚ/ inventors n
inventeur inventrice
One who invents, either as a hobby or as an occupation.

inventory /ɪnˈvɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/ /ˈɪn.vənˌtɔ.ɹi/ inventories n
inventaire
(operations) The stock of an item on hand at a particular location or business.
(operations) A detailed list of all of the items on hand.

inventory /ɪnˈvɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˈɪn.vən.tɹi/ /ˈɪn.vənˌtɔ.ɹi/ v
inventorier
(transitive, operations) To take stock of the resources or items on hand; to produce an inventory.

inventory management n
gestion des stocks

inventrix /ɪnˈvɛntɹɪks/ inventrices n
inventrice trouveuse
(archaic) A female that invents.

inverse /ɪnˈvɝs/ /ˈɪnvɝs/ adj
inverse
inversé
Opposite in effect, nature or order.
Reverse, opposite in order.

inverse /ɪnˈvɝs/ /ˈɪnvɝs/ inverses n
contraire

inverse function inverse functions n
fonction réciproque
(mathematics) For a given function f, another function, denoted f−1, that reverses the mapping action of f; (formally) given a function f: X\rightarrow Y, a function g: Y\rightarrow X such that, \forall x\in X,\ f(x) = y \implies g(y)=x.

inverse matrix inverse matrices inverse matrixes n
matrice inverse
(linear algebra) Of a matrix A, another matrix B such that A multiplied by B and B multiplied by A both equal the identity matrix.

inversely adv
inversement
In an inverse order or manner; by inversion.

inversely proportional adj
inversement proportionnel
(mathematics) Proportional to the reciprocal of the independent variable.

inversion /ɪnˈvɚ.ʒən/ /ɪnˈvɜː.ʃən/ inversions n
inversion
The act of being in an inverted state; being upside down, inside out, or in a reverse sequence.
(grammar) Deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis.
renversement
(music) The reversal of an interval; the move of one pitch in an interval up or down an octave.
(music) The position of a chord which has a note other than the root as its bass note.
(music) The flipping of a melody or contrapuntal line so that high notes become low and vice versa; the reversal of a pitch contour.

inversion of control n
inversion de contrôle
(software architecture) Abstract principle describing an aspect of some software architecture designs in which the flow of control of a system is inverted in comparison to the traditional architecture, getting the flow of control from a generic code part.

inversion pair inversion pairs n
paires en inversion
(mathematics) a pair of integers (i,j) is an inversion pair of some permutation \sigma if i < j but \sigma(i)>\sigma(j).

invert /ɪnˈvɜːt/ /ɪnˈvɝt/ /ˈɪn.vət/ /ˈɪn.vɚt/ v
invertir
(transitive) To turn (something) upside down or inside out; to place in a contrary order or direction.

invert sugar /ˈɪnvɜː(ɹ)t ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ invert sugars n
sucre inverti
An equal mixture of glucose and fructose formed by the enzymatic hydrolysis of sucrose; it is found in honey and some fruits, and also produced industrially.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ adj
invertébré
Lacking a backbone; without vertebrae.

invertebrate /ɪnˈvəːtɪbrət/ invertebrates n
invertébré
An animal without vertebrae, i.e. backbone.

invertible adj
inversible
(mathematics, especially of a function or matrix) Able to be inverted, having an inverse.

invest /ɪnˈvɛst/ v
investir consacrer
To spend money, time, or energy on something, especially for some benefit or purpose; used with in.
investir
To commit money or capital in the hope of financial gain.
To ceremonially install someone in some office.
(intransitive) To cause to be involved in; to cause to form strong attachments to.

investigate [ɪn.ˈvɛs.tɪ.ɡeɪ̯t] v
rechercher
étudier
(transitive) To inquire into or study in order to ascertain facts or information.
enquêter
(transitive) To examine, look into, or scrutinize in order to discover something hidden or secret.
(intransitive) To conduct an inquiry or examination.

investigation /ɪnˌvɛs.təˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪnˌvɛs.tɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ investigations n
investigation
The act of investigating; the process of inquiring into or following up; research, especially patient or thorough inquiry or examination

investigative journalism n
journalisme d'enquête journalisme d'investigation
A form of journalism in which the reporter deeply investigates a single topic of interest, often involving crime or corruption.

investigator investigators n
enquêteur investigateur enquêtrice
One who investigates.

investiture investitures n
investiture
The act of investing, as with possession or power; formal bestowal or presentation of a possessory or prescriptive right.

investment /ɪnˈvɛsmənt/ /ɪnˈvɛstmənt/ investments n
investissement
(finance) A placement of capital in expectation of deriving income or profit from its use or appreciation.

investment bank investment banks n
banque d'investissement
(banking, finance) A financial institution that deals with raising capital, trading in securities and managing corporate mergers and acquisitions.

investment fund investment funds n
fonds d'investissement fonds de placement
(finance) A fund consisting of investments made by a group of people and managed by a professional investment manager.

investment strategy investment strategies n
stratégie d'investissement
(finance) set of rules, behaviors or procedures, designed to guide an investor's selection of an investment portfolio

investor /ɪnˈvɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ɪnˈvɛs.tɚ/ investors n
investisseur investisseuse
A person who invests money in order to make a profit.

inveterate /ɪnˈvɛtəɹɪt/ more inveterate most inveterate adj
invétéré
firmly established from having been around for a long time; of long standing

invigilate /ɪnˈvɪdʒəleɪt/ /ɪnˈvɪdʒɪleɪt/ v
surveiller
(UK, Canada, ambitransitive) To oversee a test or exam.

invigilator /ɪnˈvɪd͡ʒɪleɪtəɹ/ invigilators n
surveillant
(UK, Ireland, Canada, India, South Africa, Hong Kong, Singapore) A person who supervises students during an examination; a proctor

invincibility /ɪnˌvɪn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ [ɪnˌvɪn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] invincibilities n
invincibilité
The quality or state of being invincible; invincibleness.

invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/ adj
invincible
Impossible to defeat, destroy, or kill; too powerful to be defeated or overcome.

invincible /ɪnˈvɪn.sə.bəl/ /ɪnˈvɪn.sɪ.bəl/ invincibles n
invincible
Someone or something that cannot be defeated, destroyed, or killed.

inviolable /ɪnˈvaɪələbl̩/ more inviolable most inviolable adj
inviolable
Not violable; not to be infringed.

inviolate /ɪnˈvaɪ.ə.lət/ /ɪnˈvaɪ.əʊˌleɪt/ more inviolate most inviolate adj
inviolé

invisibility invisibilities n
invisibilité
The state of being invisible.

invisible /ɪnˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ adj
invisible
Unable to be seen; out of sight; not visible.
caché invisible
Not appearing on the surface.

invisible hand invisible hands n
main invisible
(economics) A metaphor for the principle that in a free market, an individual pursuing his own self-interest also tends to promote the good of his community as a whole.

invisible ink invisible inks n
encre sympathique
An ink, invisible on application or soon thereafter, that can later be rendered visible by some process, such as exposing it to heat.

invisibly more invisibly most invisibly adv
invisiblement
In a way that can not be seen; in an invisible manner.

invitation /ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩/ /ɪn.vɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ invitations n
invitation
The act of inviting; solicitation; the requesting of a person's company.
(bridge) A bid that tells one's partner that game or slam is likely if their hand is at the strong end of what they have indicated.

invite /ˈɪnvaɪt/ invites n
invitation
(informal) An invitation.

invite /ɪnˈvaɪt/ v
inviter convier
(transitive) To ask for the presence or participation of someone or something.

invocation /ˌɪn.voʊ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ invocations n
invocation
The act or form of calling for the assistance or presence of some superior being, especially prayer offered to a divine being.

invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ invoices n
facture
A bill; a commercial document issued by a seller to a buyer indicating the products, quantities and agreed prices for products or services that the seller has already provided the buyer with. An invoice indicates that, unless paid in advance, payment is due by the buyer to the seller, according to the agreed terms.

invoice /ˈɪnˌvɔɪs/ v
facturer
(transitive) To bill; to issue an invoice to.

invoke /ɪnˈvoʊk/ /ɪnˈvəʊk/ v
invoquer
(transitive) To call upon (a person, a god) for help, assistance or guidance.
(transitive) To solicit, petition for, appeal to a favorable attitude.
(transitive) To appeal for validation to a (notably cited) authority.

involucre /ɪnvəˈluːkə(ɹ)/ involucres n
involucre
(botany) Conspicuous bract, bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence.

involuntarily /ɪnˈvɒləntɹɪli/ /ɪnˌvɑlənˈtɛɹɪli/ more involuntarily most involuntarily adv
involontairement sans le faire exprès
In an involuntary manner; done without conscious thought.

involuntary /ɪnˈvɑl.ənˌtɛ.ɹi/ /ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/ more involuntary most involuntary adj
involontaire
Without intention; unintentional.
Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling.

involuntary muscle involuntary muscles n
muscle involontaire
(muscle) Muscle that is not controlled by individual volition; cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.

involute involutes n
développante
(geometry) A curve that cuts all tangents of another curve at right angles; traced by a point on a string that unwinds from a curved object.

involution /ɪnvəˈluːʃən/ involutions n
involution
(mathematics) An endofunction whose square is equal to the identity function; a function equal to its inverse.

involve /ɪnˈvoːv/ /ɪnˈvɑlv/ /ɪnˈvɒlv/ /ɪnˈvɔlv/ v
impliquer
To cause or engage (someone or something) to become connected or implicated, or to participate, in some activity or situation.

involvement involvements n
implication
The act of involving, or the state of being involved.

invulnerable adj
invulnérable
Incapable of being injured; not vulnerable.

inward /ˈɪnwəd/ more inward most inward adj
intérieur
Situated on the inside; that is within, inner; belonging to the inside. [from 9th c.]

inward /ˈɪnwəd/ adv
intérieur
Towards the inside. [from 11th c.]
(obsolete) On the inside, within, inside.

iodide /ˈɑɪ.ə.ˌdɑɪd/ iodides n
iodure
(inorganic chemistry) A binary compound of iodine and another element or radical.

iodine /ˈaɪ.əˌdaɪn, -dɪn, -diːn/ iodines n
iode
An antiseptic incorporating the element.

iodoform iodoforms n
iodoforme
(chemistry) A halogenated hydrocarbon, CHI3; a yellow crystalline compound, formerly used as a mild antiseptic

iodomethane iodomethanes n
iodométhane

ion /ˈaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈaɪ.ɒn/ /ˈaɪən/ ions n
ion
An atom or group of atoms bearing an electrical charge, such as the sodium and chlorine atoms in a salt solution.

ion channel ion channels n
canal ionique
(biochemistry) A protein complex or single protein that spans between both sides of a cell membrane and allows specific ions to pass through.

ionic /aɪˈɒnɪk/ adj
ionique
(chemistry) of, relating to, or containing ions

ionization /ˌaɪənɪˈzeɪʃən/ ionizations n
ionisation
(chemistry, physics) Any process that leads to the dissociation of a neutral atom or molecule into charged particles ions; the state of being ionized.

ionize /ˈaɪ.ə.naɪz/ v
ioniser
(physical chemistry) To dissociate atoms or molecules into electrically charged species; to be thus dissociated.

ionizing radiation ionizing radiations n
rayonnement ionisant
(physics) High-energy radiation that is capable of causing ionization in substances through which it passes; also includes high-energy particles.

ionosphere ionospheres n
ionosphère
The part of the Earth's atmosphere beginning at an altitude of about 50 kilometers (31 miles) and extending outward 500 kilometers (310 miles) or more.
The similar region of the atmosphere of another planet.

iota /aɪˈoʊtə/ /aɪˈəʊtə/ iotas n
iota
The ninth letter of the Greek alphabet.
A jot; a very small, insignificant quantity.

iota subscript iota subscripts iotas subscript n
iota souscrit
(Greek orthography) A small iota written below an alpha, eta or omega – e.g. in ᾠδή – representing a vocalic offglide that was pronounced in early Ancient Greek, but later became silent; invented in the Middle Ages in order to mark those vowels which would originally have had such an offglide.

ipsative /ˈɪpsətɪv/ adj
ipsatif
(psychology) Denoting a measure that forces an individual to choose among multiple desirable options.

ipseity /ɪpsˈiːɪti/ ipseities n
ipséité

ipso facto /ˌɪpsəʊ ˈfæktəʊ/ adv
ipso facto
By that very fact itself; actually.

irade irades n
iradé

irascibility irascibilities n
irascibilité
The quality of being irascible; irritability of temper.

irascible /aɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ə.bəl/ /ɪˈɹæs.ɪ.bəl/ more irascible most irascible adj
irascible
Easily provoked to outbursts of anger; irritable.

irate /aɪˈɹeɪt/ /ˈaɪɹeɪt/ irater iratest adj
en colère furieux
Extremely angry; wrathful; enraged.

ire /aɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /aɪɹ/ n
colère courroux ire
Great anger; wrath; keen resentment.

irenarch /ˈaɪɹɪnɑː(ɹ)k/ irenarchs n
irenarco irénarque

irene /ˈaɪɹiːn/ irenes n
irène
(organic compound) The hydrocarbon formed by dehydration of an irone.

irenic /-ˈɹɛ-/ /aɪˈɹinɪk/ /aɪˈɹiːnɪk/ more irenic most irenic adj
irénique
(chiefly, theology) Promoting or fitted to promote peace or peacemaking, especially over disputes; conciliatory, non-confrontational, peaceful.

iridesce v
chatoyer
(intransitive) To be iridescent; to exhibit iridescence.

iridescence /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈdɛs.əns/ iridescences n
iridescence
The condition or state of being iridescent; exhibition of colors like those of the rainbow; a prismatic play of color.

iridescent /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈdɛs.ənt/ more iridescent most iridescent adj
iridescent
(not comparable) Producing a display of lustrous, rainbow-like colors; prismatic.
Brilliant, lustrous, or colorful.

iridium /ɪˈɹɪd.i.əm/ iridiums n
iridium
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol Ir) with an atomic number of 77: a very hard, brittle, silvery-white transition metal of the platinum group.

iris /aɪɹɪs/ /ʌɪɹɪs/ /ˈaɪ.ɹɪs/ [əɪɹɪs] irides iris irises n
iris
(botany) A plant of the genus Iris, common in the northern hemisphere, and generally having attractive blooms (See w:Iris (plant) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
(anatomy) The contractile membrane perforated by the pupil, which adjusts to control the amount of light reaching the retina, and which forms the colored portion of the eye (See w:Iris (anatomy) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia).
(photography, cinematography) A diaphragm used to regulate the size of a hole, especially as a way of controlling the amount of light reaching a lens.

irk /ɜːk/ /ɝk/ v
agacer irriter
(transitive) to irritate; annoy; bother

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ adj
fer
(not comparable) Made of the metal iron.
(figuratively) Strong (as of will), inflexible.

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ irons n
fer
(uncountable) A common, inexpensive metal, silvery grey when untarnished, that rusts, is attracted by magnets, and is used in making steel: a chemical element having atomic number 26 and symbol Fe.
(golf) A golf club used for middle-distance shots.
de fer
(uncountable, figurative) Used as a symbol of great strength or toughness, or to signify a very strong or tough material.

iron /ˈaɪ.ən/ /ˈaɪ.ɚn/ /ˈaɪ.ɹən/ v
repasser
(transitive) To pass an iron over (clothing or some other item made of cloth) in order to remove creases.

iron buff n
jaune d'oxide de fer hydraté

iron curtain iron curtains n
rideau de fer
(idiomatic) Any impenetrable barrier.

iron deficiency n
carence en fer carence martiale sidéropénie

iron fist iron fists n
main de fer
(figuratively, idiomatic) Ruthless and usually unrestricted control.

iron lung iron lungs n
poumon d'acier
A pneumonic device for assisted breathing.

iron maiden iron maidens n
vierge de Nuremberg vierge de fer
(historical) A falsely or neo-medieval torture device invented in the 18th century consisting of a chamber lined with spikes which closes upon and impales the victim inside.

iron ore iron ores n
minerai de fer
(mining) A mineral deposit from which iron can be viably extracted.

iron out v
aplanir
(transitive) To remove (a crease or creases) with an iron.

iron ring iron rings n
anneau de fer martelé
(Canada, engineering) The symbol of a Canadian engineer. A faceted stainless steel or iron ring worn on the little finger of the dominant hand, signifying a trained Canadian engineer, awarded in Canada after an accompanying oath of professional conduct, in a private ceremony with dramatic rites.

iron(II) sulfate n
couperose
(inorganic compound) The green, crystalline salt of divalent iron and sulfuric acid, FeSO4, used as a pigment, and in water treatment.

ironclad ironclads n
sans faille
A metal-plated ship, vessel, or vehicle.
cuirassé
(military) An armor-plated warship, (especially) one preceding the invention of harveyized steel.

ironer ironers n
repasseuse
Someone who irons, someone who does ironing.
A mangle, a device used to iron clothes.

ironic /aɪˈɹɑn.ɪk/ /aɪˈɹɒn.ɪk/ more ironic most ironic adj
ironique
(Of a situation) Characterized by or constituting (any kind of) irony.

ironically more ironically most ironically adv
ironiquement
(manner) In an ironic manner; in a way displaying irony.
(evaluative) Used to draw attention to an ironic aspect of a situation being described.

ironing ironings n
repassage
The act of pressing clothes with an iron#Noun, such as a steam iron.
vêtements à repasser
Laundry that has been washed and is ready to be ironed.
vêtements repassés
Laundry that has recently been ironed.

ironing board ironing boards n
planche à repasser table à repasser
A long board, often covered with fabric and having on legs that are usually collapsible, on which one can iron clothes.
planche à repasser
(idiomatic, colloquial) A flat-chested woman.

ironmonger /ˈaɪə(ɹ)nˌmʌŋɡə(ɹ)/ ironmongers n
quincailler
(chiefly, British, Irish) A retailer in iron goods and hardware.

ironwood ironwoods n
bois de fer
Any of numerous tree species known locally for having a particularly solid wood, or the wood of such species itself.

ironwork ironworks n
ferronnerie
(uncountable) Anything made wholly or largely of iron, especially when used for decoration.

ironworks ironworks n
ferronnerie
A factory in which iron is manufactured or iron goods are made.

ironwort ironworts n
crapaudine fer à cheval
A herb of several species in the genus Sideritis, formerly believed to heal sword cuts.

irony /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ /ˈaɪə.ni/ more irony most irony adj
ferreux
Of or pertaining to the metal iron.

irony /ˈaɪ.ɚ.ni/ /ˈaɪ.ɹə.ni/ /ˈaɪə.ɹən.i/ ironies n
ironie
(rhetoric) The quality of a statement that, when taken in context, may actually mean something different from, or the opposite of, what is written literally; the use of words expressing something other than their literal intention, often in a humorous context.
ironie du sort ironie
(informal) Contradiction between circumstances and expectations; condition contrary to what might be expected. [from the 1640s]

irradiation /ɪˌɹeɪdiˈeɪʃən/ irradiations n
irradiation
An act of irradiating, or state of being irradiated.

irrational /ɪˈɹæʃ.(ə.)nəl/ more irrational most irrational adj
irrationnel
Not rational; unfounded or nonsensical.
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a real number, that cannot be written as the ratio of two integers.

irrational number irrational numbers n
nombre irrationnel
(mathematics) Any real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of two integers.

irrationalist irrationalists n
irrationaliste
A follower of irrationalism.

irrationality irrationalities n
irrationalité
The quality or state of being irrational; want of the faculty or the quality of reason; fatuity.

irreconcilable more irreconcilable most irreconcilable adj
irréconciliable
Unable to be reconciled; opposed; uncompromising.

irredeemable /ɪɹəˈdiːməbəl/ adj
irrémédiable
Not redeemable; not able to be restored, recovered, revoked, or escaped.

irredentism /ɪɹɪˈdɛntɪzəm/ irredentisms n
irrédentisme
A nationalistic doctrine advocating the annexation of foreign lands with historic or ethnic links.

irreducible /ˌɪɹɪˈdjuːsɪbəl/ more irreducible most irreducible adj
irréductible
Not able to be reduced or lessened.
Not able to be brought to a simpler or reduced form.
(number theory, of an integer) Unable to be factored into smaller integers; prime.

irrefragability n
irréfragabilité

irrefragable /ɪˈɹɛfɹəɡəb(ə)l/ /ˌiɹəˈfɹæɡəb(ə)l/ more irrefragable most irrefragable adj
irréfragable
Which cannot be refuted; clearly right, incontrovertible, indisputable, irrefutable. [from 16th c.]

irrefragably /ɪ.ˈɹɛf.ɹə.ɡə.blɪ/ more irrefragably most irrefragably adv
irréfragablement

irrefutability n
irréfutabilité
Quality of being irrefutable.

irrefutable /ɪˈɹɛfjuːtəbəl/ /ɪˈɹɛfjətəbəl/ /ˌɪɹəˈfjuːtəbəl/ /ˌɪɹɪˈfjuːtəbəl/ more irrefutable most irrefutable adj
irréfragable irréfutable
undeniable; unable to be disproved or refuted

irregular /ɪˈɹeɡ.jə.lə/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ more irregular most irregular adj
irrégulier
nonstandard; not conforming to rules or expectations
without symmetry, regularity, or uniformity
(grammar, of a word) not following the regular or expected patterns of inflection in a given language

irregular /ɪˈɹeɡ.jə.lə/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ɪˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ irregulars n
irrégulier
A soldier who is not a member of an official military force and who may not use regular army tactics.

irregular galaxy irregular galaxies n
galaxie irrégulière
(astronomy) A galaxy which is has no spirals and is not elliptical.

irregular verb irregular verbs n
verbe irrégulier
A verb that does not follow the normal rules for its conjugation.

irregularity /ɪˌɹɛ.ɡjəˈlɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ɪˌɹɛ.ɡjʊˈlæ.ɹɪ.ti/ irregularities n
irrégularité
(countable) An instance of being irregular.
(uncountable) The state or condition of being irregular, or the extent to which something is irregular.
(countable) An object or event that is not regular or ordinary.
(countable) A violation of rules.

irregularly /ɪˈɹɛɡjʊləli/ more irregularly most irregularly adv
irrégulièrement
In an irregular manner; without rule, method, or order.

irrelevance irrelevances n
insignifiance non-pertinence
Lack of relationship with the topic at hand; lack of importance.

irrelevant /ɪˈɹɛl.ə.vənt/ more irrelevant most irrelevant adj
non-pertinent
Not usefully related: not associated in any way that is important or useful to the context being discussed: not materially applicable; having connections not applicable in the present situation.

irreligion /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈlɪd͡ʒ.ən/ irreligions n
irréligion
The state of being irreligious; irreligious sentiment or thought.

irreligious /ˌɪɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒəs/ more irreligious most irreligious adj
irréligieux
Having no relation to religion.
Contrary to religious beliefs and practices.

irremediable more irremediable most irremediable adj
irrémédiable
Unable to be remedied, cured, corrected or repaired; irreparable, incurable.

irremediably more irremediably most irremediably adv
irrémédiablement
In a manner, or to a degree, that precludes remedy, cure, or correction; in an irremediable way.

irreparable /ɪˈɹɛp(ə)ɹəbəl/ more irreparable most irreparable adj
irréparable
Incapable of being repaired, amended, cured or rectified; unrepairable.

irreplaceable adj
irremplaçable insubstituable
Incapable of being replaced, especially because of uniqueness or finiteness.

irrepressible more irrepressible most irrepressible adj
irrépressible
Not containable or controllable.

irreproachable adj
irréprochable
Free from blame, not open to reproach or criticism; blameless.

irresistibility n
irrésistibilité
The quality of being irresistible.

irresistible /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈzɪs.tə.bəl/ more irresistible most irresistible adj
irrésistible
Impossible to resist.

irresistible grace n
grâce efficace grâce irrésistible
(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that the salvific benefit of Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined unto salvation, without any possibility of Satan or sin successfully defeating God's election.

irresistibly more irresistibly most irresistibly adv
irrésistiblement
In an irresistible manner.

irresolution /ɪɹɛzəˈluːʃən/ irresolutions n
irrésolution
Lack of resolution; lack of decision or purpose; vacillation.

irresponsibility irresponsibilities n
irresponsabilité
The character or state of being irresponsible; lack of or freedom from responsibility; want of accountability.

irresponsible /ˌɪɹ.əˈspɑn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɒn.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bəl/ [ˌɪɹ.ɪˈspɔn.sə.bl̩] more irresponsible most irresponsible adj
irresponsable
(now, rare) Not responsible; exempt from legal responsibility, not to be held accountable.
Lacking a sense of responsibility; performed or acting as though without responsibility; negligent.

irresponsibly /ˌɪ.ɹɪ.ˈspɑːn.sə.bli/ /ˌɪ.ɹɪ.ˈspɒn.sə.bli/ more irresponsibly most irresponsibly adv
irresponsablement
In an irresponsible manner; so as to be irresponsible.

irretrievable more irretrievable most irretrievable adj
irrécouvrable irrécupérable irrémédiable irréparable
Not retrievable; irrecoverable; irreparable

irreverent more irreverent most irreverent adj
irrespectueux irrévérencieux
Lacking respect; not having or not showing respect for or seriousness towards something that is usually treated with respect; going against conventional precepts.

irreverently more irreverently most irreverently adv
irrévérencieusement
In an irreverent manner.

irreversibility irreversibilities n
irréversibilité
The quality of being irreversible; the lack of an ability to be reversed.

irreversible /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɜː.sə.bəl/ /ˌɪr.ɪˈvɝ.sə.bəl/ adj
irréversible
Incapable of being reversed or turned about or back; incapable of being made to run backwards.

irreversibly more irreversibly most irreversibly adv
irréversiblement
In an irreversible manner.

irrevocable /ɪɹiˈvoʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪɹəˈvoʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪɹɪˈvəʊkəb(ə)l/ /ɪˈɹɛvəkəb(ə)l/ adj
irrévocable irréversible irréfragable
Unable to be retracted or reversed; final.

irrigate /ˈɪɹəˌɡeɪt/ v
irriguer
(transitive) To supply (farmland) with water, by building ditches, pipes, etc.

irrigation /ˌɪɹəˈɡeɪʃən/ irrigations n
irrigation irrigate
The act or process of irrigating, or the state of being irrigated; especially, the operation of causing water to flow over lands, for nourishing plants.

irritability /ˌɪɹɪtəˈbɪlɪti/ irritabilities n
irritabilité
The state or quality of being irritable; quick excitability

irritable /ˈɪɹɪtəbl̩/ more irritable most irritable adj
irritable
Capable of being irritated.
Easily exasperated or excited.
(medicine) Responsive to stimuli.

irritable bowel syndrome n
côlon irritable
(pathology) A functional disorder causing the nerves and muscles of the large intestine to be oversensitive, leading to symptoms such as cramp, bloating, flatulence, diarrhoea and constipation.

irritate /ˈɪɹ.ɪˌteɪt/ v
agacer irriter
(intransitive) To cause or induce displeasure or irritation.

irritated /ˈɪɹɪteɪtɪd/ more irritated most irritated adj
irrité énervé
Experiencing a feeling of irritation.

irritating more irritating most irritating adj
énervant
Causing irritation, annoyance or pain.

irritation /ˌɪɹɪˈteɪʃən/ irritations n
irritation
A condition of morbid excitability or oversensitiveness of an organ or part of the body; a state in which the application of ordinary stimuli produces pain or excessive or vitiated action.

irrotational adj
irrotationnel
(calculus) Having zero curl.

irrumate v
irrumer
To practice irrumation; to insert the penis violently into another's mouth.

irrumation /ɪɹʊˈmeɪʃən/ n
irrumation
Vigorous oral sex; the active penetration of a mouth with a penis.

irruption irruptions n
irruption cambriolage
The action of irrupting or breaking into; a violent entry or invasion; an inbreaking; an intrusion.

is anyone here a doctor phraseologicalUnit
y a-t-il un médecin ici ?
Asked to call upon a doctor to come forth from a group of people.

is it just me phraseologicalUnit
c'est moi

is it safe here phraseologicalUnit
est-il sûr ici ?
is it safe here?

is that so phraseologicalUnit
vraiment?
Really? Is it true?

is there a grocery store nearby phraseologicalUnit
y a-t-il une épicerie proche?
Indicates that the speaker wants to know whether a grocery store is nearby.

is there a problem phraseologicalUnit
y a-t-il un problème ?

is there a smaller size phraseologicalUnit
y a-t-il une taille plus petite
Indicates that the speaker needs a smaller size (of clothes or shoes).

isabelline shrike isabelline shrikes n
pie-grièche isabelle
Lanius isabellinus, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae). It was formerly considered conspecific with the red-tailed shrike and the red-backed shrike.

isabelline wheatear isabelline wheatears n
traquet isabelle
Oenanthe isabellina, an Old World flycatcher native to Asia

isapostle isapostles n
isapostole isapôtre isapôtresse
An equal of the Apostles.

isapostolic adj
isapostolique
Having equivalent, or almost equivalent, authority with the apostles or their teachings.

isapostolicity isapostolicities n
isapostolicité
The quality of being isapostolic.

ischemia /ɪˈski.mi.aɪ/ /ɪˈski.mi.ə/ /ɪˈskiː.mi.aɪ/ /ɪˈskiː.mi.ə/ ischemiae ischemias n
ischémie
(cardiology, pathology) Local disturbance in blood circulation due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply (for example, embolism, thrombosis, or vasoconstriction).

ischemic /ɪˈskiːmɪk/ more ischemic most ischemic adj
ischémique
(pathology) Characteristic of, or accompanied by, ischemia — localised anaemia due to mechanical obstruction of the blood supply, creating a local disturbance in blood circulation.

ischiatic adj
ischiatique
Of or pertaining to the ischium

ischio- /ˌɪskɪəʊ/ prefix
ischio-
(anatomy) ischium

ischium /ˈɪskiəm/ /ˈɪskɪəm/ ischia n
ischion
(skeleton) The lowest of the three bones that make up each side of the pelvis. [from 17th c.]

ischury n
ischurie
(medicine) A retention or suppression of urine.

ish /ɪʃ/ adv
approximativement à peu près
(colloquial) about, approximately

isinglass /ˈaɪzɪŋɡlæs/ /ˈaɪzɪŋɡlɑːs/ isinglasses n
ichtyocolle carlock colle de poisson
A form of gelatine obtained from the air bladder of the sturgeon and certain other fish, used as an adhesive and as a clarifying agent for wine and beer.

island /ˈaɪ̯lənd/ islands n
île ile
(by extension, in place names) A contiguous area of land, smaller than a continent, partially surrounded by water; A peninsula; A half-island.
île
An entity surrounded by other entities that are very different from itself.

island fox island foxes n
renard gris insulaire
A fox (Urocyon littoralis) endemic to the Channel Islands of California.

island state island states n
pays insulaire état insulaire
A state consisting of one or more islands

islander /ˈaɪləndə/ /ˈaɪləndɚ/ islanders n
insulaire îlien îlienne habitant d'une île habitant de l'île habitante d'une île
A person who lives on an island.

islet /ˈaɪ.lət/ islets n
îlot ilot
A small island.

islets of Langerhans n
îlots de Langerhans
(anatomy, biology) Distinctive regions of tissue in the pancreas, which contain its endocrine cells.

isn't it so phraseologicalUnit
n'est-ce pas ? non ?
Isn't it true?
Isn't it that way?

iso- /aɪsoʊ-/ prefix
iso-
Equal; equivalent.

isobar isobars n
isobare
(meteorology) A line drawn on a map or chart connecting places of equal or constant pressure.
(thermodynamics) A set of points or conditions at constant pressure.
(nuclear physics) Either of two nuclides of different elements having the same mass number.

isobaric more isobaric most isobaric adj
isobare isobarique
having the same pressures, masses, or densities
(physics) (of a thermodynamic process) having a constant pressure throughout

isobutane isobutanes n
2-méthylpropane isobutane méthylpropane
(organic compound) A hydrocarbon, a particular isomer of C4H10 found in natural gas.

isobutene isobutenes n
2-méthylpropène isobutylène isobutène méthylpropène
(organic compound) The unsaturated hydrocarbon methylpropene, (CH3)2C=CH2; used in the manufacture of polybutene and butyl rubber.

isobutyric acid n
acide isobutyrique
(fatty acid) 2-methyl-propanoic acid, (CH3)2CHCOOH, an isomer of butyric acid, that occurs in carob beans and croton oil.

isocephalism n
isocéphalie

isochromosome isochromosomes n
isochromosome
(cytology) An abnormal chromosome in which one arm has been lost and replaced with an exact copy of the other arm.

isocoria n
isocorie

isocost isocosts n
isocoût
(economics) A curve that represents a combination of various inputs that cost the same.

isodense adj
isodense
(science, especially biochemistry) Evenly or uniformly dense; of the same density (as an adjacent object, tissue, etc).

isodomic adj
isodome

isoflavone isoflavones n
isoflavone
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of polyphenolic phytoestrogens found in soybeans and similar plants that may have beneficial health properties.

isoform isoforms n
isoforme

isogloss /-sə-/ /ˈaɪsoɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsə(ʊ̯)ɡlɒs/ /ˈaɪsəɡlɑs/ /ˈʌɪ-/ isoglosses n
isoglosse
(linguistics) A line on a map indicating the geographical boundaries of a linguistic feature.

isohyet /ˈaɪ.soʊˌhaɪ.ɪt/ isohyets n
isohyète
A line of equal rainfall on a map or chart, such as a weather map.

isohypse isohypses n
isohypse
(cartography) A contour line; a line on a map connecting points of equal height.

isolate /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/ /ˈaɪ.sə.lət/ v
isoler esseuler
(transitive) To set apart or cut off from others.

isolated /ˈaɪsəleɪtɪd/ more isolated most isolated adj
isolé
Placed or standing apart or alone; in isolation.

isolation /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/ isolations n
isolement
(chiefly, uncountable) The state of being isolated, detached, or separated; the state of being away from other people.
(diplomacy, of a country) The state of not having diplomatic relations with other countries (either with most or all other countries, or with specified other countries).
(medicine) The separation of a patient, suffering from a contagious disease, from contact with others (compare: quarantine)
isolement isolation
The act of isolating.

isolationism /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃəˌnɪzəm/ isolationisms n
isolationnisme
A national (or group) policy of non-interaction with other nations (or groups).

isolationist more isolationist most isolationist adj
isolationniste
Relating to, or supporting, isolationism.

isolationist isolationists n
isolationniste
One who advocates or supports isolationism.

isolator isolators n
isolant

isoleucine /ˌaɪ.səˈluː.siːn/ isoleucines n
isoleucine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H13NO2, isomeric with leucine, found in most animal proteins.

isomer /ˈaɪ.sə.mə/ /ˈaɪ.sə.mɚ/ isomers n
isomère
(chemistry) Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.
(physics) Any of two or more atomic nuclei with the same mass number and atomic number but with different radioactive properties.

isomeric adj
isomérique
(chemistry, physics) Being an isomer.
(chemistry) Exhibiting isomerism.

isomerism isomerisms n
isomérie
(chemistry) the phenomenon of the existence of isomers - the existence of different substances with the same molecular formulae

isometry isometries n
isométrie
(mathematics) A function between metric spaces (or on a single metric space) having the property that the distance between two images is equal to the distance between their preimages.

isomorphic /ˌaɪ.soʊˈmɔɹ.fɪk/ /ˌaɪ.səˈmɔː.fɪk/ adj
isomorphe
(mathematics) Related by an isomorphism; having a structure-preserving one-to-one correspondence.

isomorphism isomorphisms n
isomorphisme
(category theory) A morphism which has a two-sided inverse; the composition of the morphism and such an inverse yields either one of two identity morphisms (depending on the order of composition).
(group algebra) A bijection f such that both f and its inverse f −1 are homomorphisms, that is, structure-preserving mappings.

ison n
ison
Accompanying drone in Byzantine music.

isonomia n
isonomie
Equality before the law; possession of equal rights; equal distribution of rights and privileges.

isopentane isopentanes n
isopentane
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon with the chemical structure CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; isomeric with pentane and neopentane.

isophotal adj
isophote
Of or pertaining to isophots or isophotes.

isophote isophotes n
isophote
(computer graphics) A contour of equal luminance in an image.

isopod /ˈaɪ.sə(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈaɪ.səˌpɒd/ isopods n
isopode
Any of very many crustaceans, of the order Isopoda, that have a flattened body and no carapace.

isoprene /ˈaɪsə(ʊ)pɹiːn/ /ˈaɪsəˌpɹin/ isoprenes n
isoprène
(organic compound) An unsaturated hydrocarbon, C5H8, that is readily polymerized; natural rubber (caoutchouc) is cis-1,4-polyisoprene, and trans-1,4-polyisoprene is present in gutta-percha and balata; it is the structural basis for the terpenes.

isopropyl alcohol n
alcool isopropylique
(organic compound) The aliphatic alcohol 2-propanol that is used as a solvent and in many industrial applications.

isoquant isoquants n
isoquante
(economics) A line of equal or constant economic production on a graph, chart or map

isosceles /aɪˈsɒsəliːz/ adj
isocèle
(geometry) Having (at least) two sides of equal length, used especially of a triangle or trapezoid.

isosceles triangle isosceles triangles n
triangle isocèle
(geometry) A triangle having at least two sides equal.

isostasy /ʌɪˈsɒstəsi/ isostasies n
isostasie
(geology) The state of balance or pressure equilibrium thought to exist within the Earth's crust, whereby the upper lithosphere floats on denser magma beneath.

isosyllabic adj
isosyllabique
(linguistics, poetry) of or pertaining to metrical systems in which syllables are of equal length

isotherm /ˈaɪ.səʊˌθɜː(ɹ)m/ isotherms n
isotherme ligne isotherme
A line on a graph or chart, such as a weather map, along which all the points have the same temperature.

isothermal adj
isotherme isothermique
Of or pertaining to a process that takes place at constant temperature
isotherme
Of or pertaining to an isotherm

isothermic adj
isothermique

isotone isotones n
isotone
(nuclear physics) Any of a number of nuclides of different elements that have the same number of neutrons.

isotonic /ˌɑɪ.sə.ˈtɑː.nɪk/ adj
isotonique
(of two solutions) Having the same osmotic pressure.

isotope /ˈaɪ.sə.toʊp/ /ˈaɪ.sə.təʊp/ isotopes n
isotope
(nuclear physics) Any of two or more forms of an element where the atoms have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons within their nuclei. Thus, isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number.

isotopic adj
isotope
(chemistry, physics) of, or relating to isotopes

isotopy isotopies n
isotopie
(mathematics) A form of homotopy that is always an embedding.
(linguistics) The repetition of a basic meaning trait (seme) within a story.

isotropic adj
isotrope
(physics) Having properties that are identical in all directions; exhibiting isotropy

isotropy /aɪˈsɒtɹəpi/ isotropies n
isotropie
(geometry, physics) The property of being identical, or having the same physical properties, in all directions.

ispravnic ispravnics n
ispravnik

issuance issuances n
émission
The act of issuing, or giving out.

issuant adj
issant mouvant
(heraldry) Issuing or emerging from something, especially from the bottom (or a division) of the field or chief, or from an ordinary.
(heraldry, by extension, of an animal) Having only the upper half depicted, especially if because it is issuing from something (such as a division of the field). (Compare naissant.)

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ issues n
sortie émission
The action or an instance of flowing or coming out, an outflow, particularly:
descendance progéniture rejeton
The entire set of some item printed and disseminated during a certain period, particularly (publishing) a single printing of a particular edition of a work when contrasted with other print runs.
exsudat flux numéro
Someone or something that flows out or comes out, particularly:
fructus fruit
(now, _, rare) The produce or income derived from farmland or rental properties.
drain
(historical, _, medicine) A small incision, tear, or artificial ulcer, used to drain fluid and usually held open with a pea or other small object.
délivrance livraison émission
The action or an instance of sending something out, particularly:
problème
(US, originally, _, psychology, usually, in the plural) A psychological or emotional difficulty, (now, _, informal, figurative, _, and, _) any problem or concern considered as a vague and intractable difficulty.
question point controverse descendance polémique progéniture
(law) A point of law or fact in dispute or question in a legal action presented for resolution by the court.

issue /ˈɪsjuː/ /ˈɪʃ(j)u/ /ˈɪʃ(j)uː/ v
descendre fructifier jaillir sortir
To flow out, to proceed from, to come out or from.
faire jaillir percée sortie
To rush out, to sally forth.
donner déboucher
To extend into, to open onto.
publier émettre
To send out; to put into circulation.
livrer
To deliver for use.
délivrer émettre
To deliver by authority.

isthmic adj
isthmique
(anatomy) Relating to an (anatomical) isthmus

isthmus /ˈɪs.məs/ /ˈɪst.məs/ /ˈɪsθ.məs/ /ˈɪz.məs/ isthmi isthmuses n
isthme
A narrow strip of land, bordered on both sides by water, and connecting two larger landmasses.

it /ɘt/ /ət/ /ɪt/ [ɪt] [ɪ̈t] [ɪ̈ʔ] its n
chat loup
The person who chases and tries to catch the other players in the playground game of tag.

it /ɘt/ /ət/ /ɪt/ [ɪt] [ɪ̈t] [ɪ̈ʔ] pronoun
il ce elle ça
The third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer to an inanimate object, abstract entity, or non-human living thing.
il ce
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent as the subject of an impersonal verb or statement (known as the dummy pronoun, dummy it or weather it).
il le
The impersonal pronoun, used without referent, or with unstated but contextually implied referent, in various short idioms or expressions.
le ce la ça cela
The impersonal pronoun, used as a placeholder for a delayed subject, or less commonly, object; known as the dummy pronoun (according to some definitions), anticipatory it or, more formally in linguistics, a syntactic expletive. The delayed subject is commonly a to-infinitive, a gerund, or a noun clause introduced by a subordinating conjunction.

it can't be helped phraseologicalUnit
on n'y peut rien on ne peut rien y faire
(idiomatic) It is inevitable. There is no alternative.

it depends phraseologicalUnit
ça dépend
Used to indicate that different situations may produce different results.

it doesn't matter phraseologicalUnit
ça ne fait rien c'est pas grave peu importe
It is not important; do not fret (used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said).
I withdraw my previous statement (often used if it wasn't heard or understood).

it figures phraseologicalUnit
tu m'étonnes
(idiomatic, North America) Used to indicate that a preceding event or statement by another is an unsurprising accompaniment of known facts and circumstances.

it goes without saying phraseologicalUnit
cela va sans dire
It is understood without being said (but will be or was said anyway).

it happens phraseologicalUnit
ça arrive
Worrying is not necessary, since it is common to make this mistake or for this to occur.

it is what it is phraseologicalUnit
c'est comme ça
(literally, sometimes, philosophical) This thing has its own distinct nature; this thing is itself.

it never rains but it pours proverb
un malheur ne vient jamais seul un malheur n'arrive jamais seul
Unfortunate events occur in quantity.

it takes all kinds to make a world proverb
il faut de tout pour faire un monde
(idiom) Diversity is essential: the world would be incomplete if everyone were alike; an expression of surprise at a person or people's eccentricity.

it takes one to know one proverb
c'est celui qui dit qui l'est
(idiomatic) expressing the same underlying character-judgment themes as pot calling the kettle black or set a thief to catch a thief.

it takes two to tango proverb
il faut être deux pour danser le tango
(idiomatic) Some things need the active cooperation of two parties; blame is to be laid on both parties in a conflict.

it was delicious phraseologicalUnit
c'était délicieux
Said to compliment a meal after eating it.

it's a deal phraseologicalUnit
marché conclu

it's a small world phraseologicalUnit
le monde est petit
Used to express surprise at meeting an acquaintance or discovering a personal connection in a distant place or an unexpected context.

it's about time /ɪts əˈbaʊt taɪm/ interjection
bon débarras c'est pas trop tôt ce n'est pas trop tôt il était temps j'ai failli attendre
(idiomatic, sarcastic) Used to express impatience at the eventual occurrence of something that the speaker or writer considered to be long overdue.

it's all Greek to me /ɪts ˌɔːl ˈɡɹiːk tə ˌmiː/ phraseologicalUnit
c'est de l'hébreu c'est du chinois c'est du javanais c'est du russe
(idiomatic) I don't understand any of it; it makes no sense.

it's all fun and games until someone loses an eye proverb
jeu de main, jeu de vilain
Rough play results in injury.

it's an emergency phraseologicalUnit
c'est urgent
Indicates that the current situation is an emergency.

it's cold outside phraseologicalUnit
il fait froid dehors
Indicates that the weather is cold.

it's not my fault phraseologicalUnit
ce n'est pas ma faute
I did not cause the problem.

it's raining phraseologicalUnit
pleuvoir
Indicates that rain is falling.

it's snowing phraseologicalUnit
il neige
Snow is falling.

it's the thought that counts proverb
c'est l'intention qui compte c'est le geste qui compte
When giving someone a present or doing a favour for someone, the kindness behind the act is more important than any other consideration.

it's too expensive phraseologicalUnit
c'est trop cher
Indicates the speaker thinks that the price is too high.

italic /aɪˈtælɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ adj
italique
(typography, of a typeface or font) Designed to resemble a handwriting style developed in Italy in the 16th century.
(typography, of a typeface or font) Having letters that slant or lean to the right; oblique.

italic /aɪˈtælɪk/ /ɪˈtælɪk/ italics n
italique
(typography) A typeface in which the letters slant to the right.

itch /ɪt͡ʃ/ itches n
démangeaison prurit
A sensation felt on an area of the skin that causes a person or animal to want to scratch said area.
prurit
A constant teasing desire or want.

itch /ɪt͡ʃ/ v
démanger picoter gratter
(intransitive, stative) To feel itchy; to feel a need to be scratched.

itch mite itch mites n
sarcopte de la gale
Sarcoptes scabiei, a parasitic arthropod that burrows into the skin and causes scabies.

itching powder itching powders n
poil à gratter

itchy /ˈɪt͡ʃi/ itchier itchiest adj
qui démange

itchy feet n
bougeotte
(idiomatic) A strong desire to travel; wanderlust.

item /ˈaɪ.təm/ /ˈɑɪ.təm/ [ˈaɪ̯.ɾm̩] [ˈaɪ̯.ɾəm] [ˈɑɪ.ɾəm] items n
article truc
A distinct physical object.
objet
(by extension, video games) An object that can be picked up for later use.
point
A matter for discussion in an agenda.

itemize v
détailler énumérer
(transitive) To state in items, or by particulars

iterate /ˈaɪtəɹeɪt/ /ˈɪtəɹeɪt/ v
itérer
(transitive, archaic) To utter or do a second time or many times; to repeat.

iteration /ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɪ.təˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɪt.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ɪ.təˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩] [ɪ.ɾəˈɹæɪ.ʃən] [ˌɪɾ.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən] iterations n
itération
(computing) The use of repetition in a computer program, especially in the form of a loop.
(computing) A single repetition of the code within such a repetitive process.

iterative /ˈɪt(ə)ɹətɪv/ /ˈɪtəˌɹeɪtɪv/ [ˈɪt.əˌɹeɪ.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.(ə.)ɹə.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.(ə.)ɹə.ɾɪv] [ˈɪɾ.əˌɹeɪ.tɪv] [ˈɪɾ.əˌɹeɪ.ɾɪv] adj
itératif
Of a procedure that involves repetition of steps (iteration) to achieve the desired outcome; in computing this may involve a mechanism such as a loop.
(grammar) Expressive of an action that is repeated with frequency.

iterative aspect n
fréquentatif
(grammar) A subclass of imperfective verbs that denote a continuously repeated action. An example in English would be the iterative verb sniffle, as opposed to the noniterative sniff.

iterator iterators n
itérateur
One who or that which iterates.
(programming) A method capable of performing the same action on every item in a collection.

ithyphallic /-θə-/ /ˌɪθɪˈfælɪk/ more ithyphallic most ithyphallic adj
ithyphallique
Of or pertaining to an upward pointing, erect penis; (specifically) of an artistic depiction of a deity or other figure: possessing an erect penis.

ithyphallophobia n
ithyphallophobie
The fear of having or seeing an erect penis.

itinerant /aɪˈtɪnɚənt/ more itinerant most itinerant adj
itinérant
Habitually travelling from place to place. [from 1560s]

itinerant /aɪˈtɪnɚənt/ itinerants n
itinérant
One who travels from place to place.

itinerary /aɪˈtɪnə(ɹə)ɹi/ /aɪˈtɪnəɹɛɹi/ itineraries n
itinéraire
A route or proposed route of a journey.

its /ɪts/ determiner
sa ses son
Belonging to it. [from 16th c.]

its /ɪts/ pronoun
la sienne le sien les siennes les siens
The one (or ones) belonging to it. [from 17th c.]

itself /ɪtˈsɛlf/ pronoun
se
(reflexive pronoun) it; A thing as the object of a verb or preposition that also appears as the subject
(emphatic, archaic) it; used to refer back to an earlier subject
se soi-même
(emphatic) it; used to intensify the subject, especially to emphasize that it is the only participant in the predicate

itsy-bitsy /ˈɪtsi ˈbɪtsi/ itsy-bitsier itsy-bitsiest adj
minuscule
(colloquial, often, childish, or, humorous) Very small; minuscule.

ivory /ˈaɪv(ə)ɹi/ ivories n
ivoire
(uncountable) The hard white form of dentin which forms the tusks of elephants, walruses and other animals.
A creamy white color, the color of ivory.
Something made from or resembling ivory.
(collective, singular or in plural) The teeth.
(collective, singular or in plural) The keys of a piano.
(slang, ethnic slur) A white person.
(informal) A die (object bearing numbers, thrown in games of chance).

ivory gull ivory gulls n
mouette blanche
An Arctic seabird species in the gull family Laridae, Pagophila eburnea.

ivory tower /ˈaɪvəɹi ˈtaʊə/ /ˈaɪvəɹi ˈtaʊɚ/ ivory towers n
tour d'ivoire
(idiomatic) A sheltered, overly-academic existence or perspective, implying a disconnection or lack of awareness of reality or practical considerations.

ivy /ˈaɪvi/ ivies n
lierre
Any of several woody, climbing, or trailing evergreen plants of the genus Hedera.

jab /d͡ʒæb/ jabs n
jab
(boxing) A short straight punch.
injection piqûre
(British) A medical hypodermic injection (vaccination or inoculation)
pique
(US, figurative) A mild verbal insult.

jab /d͡ʒæb/ v
jaber
To deliver a quick punch.

jabber /ˈd͡ʒæbə(ɹ)/ v
jacasser
(transitive) To utter rapidly or indistinctly; to gabble.

jabiru /ˈd͡ʒæbɪ.ɹuː/ jabirus n
jabiru
A species of bird Jabiru mycteria in the monotypic genus Jabiru, of the stork family Ciconiidae, endemic to the Americas.

jabot /ˈʒæ.bəʊ/ jabots n
jabot
A cascading or ornamental frill down the front of a blouse, shirt, etc.

jacana /d͡ʒəˈkɑːnə/ /ˈdʒækənə/ /ˌd͡ʒæsəˈnɑː/ /ˌd͡ʒɑsəˈnɑ/ /ˌʒæsəˈnɑː/ /ˌʒɑsəˈnɑ/ jacanas n
jacana
Any of a group of wading birds in the family Jacanidae, usually having long toes and claws, and found throughout the world.

jacaranda jacarandas n
jacaranda
The hard, dark wood of these trees.

jachymovite n
jachimovite

jack /d͡ʒæk/ jacks n
gars mec gonze type
(countable, now, chiefly, US) A man, a fellow; a typical man; men in general. [from 16th c.]
baton d’échappement sautereau
Each of a series of blocks in a harpsichord or the earlier virginal, communicating the action of the key to the quill; sometime also, a hopper in a modern piano. [from 16th c.]
connecteur jack prise jack
(electronics) A switch for a jack plug, a jackknife switch; (more generally) a socket used to connect a device to a circuit, network etc. [from 19th c.]
(games) A small, six-pointed playing piece used in the game of jacks. [from 19th c.]
A non-tool object or thing.
A pike, especially when young. [from 16th c.]
cric connecteur jack prise jack
A mechanical device used to raise and (temporarily) support a heavy object, now especially to lift one side of a motor vehicle when (e.g.) changing a tyre. [from 17th c.]
cochonnet
(bowls) A small, typically white, ball used as the target ball in bowls; a jack-ball. [from 17th c.]
âne
(nautical) A small ship's flag used as a signal or identifying device; a small flag flown at the bow of the vessel. [from 17th c.]

jack /d͡ʒæk/ v
mettre sur le cric
(transitive) To physically raise using a jack.
faucher piquer
(transitive, colloquial) To steal (something), typically an automobile; to rob (someone).

jack mackerel jack mackerels n
chinchard
Any of various edible fish, especially of genus Trachurus, but also genera Caranx, Acanthocybium and Euthynnus.

jack of all trades jacks of all trades n
homme à tout faire touche-à-tout
(idiomatic) One competent in many endeavors, especially one who excels in none of them.

jack of all trades, master of none jacks of all trades, masters of none n
bon à tout, propre à rien
(idiomatic) A person who has a competent grasp of many skills but who is not outstanding in any one.

jack of spades /dʒæk.əv.speɪdz/ jacks of spades n
valet de pique
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

jack shit pronoun
que dalle
(vulgar) Nothing, (lack of) anything (i.e. lack of anything of value).

jack-ball jack-balls n
cochonnet
A ball used in boules.

jack-in-the-box jack-in-the-boxes jacks-in-boxes jacks-in-the-box jacks-in-the-boxes n
diable en boîte
Children’s toy consisting of a small box from which a male figure pops out unexpectedly after some turnings of a crank.

jack-o'-lantern /ˈdʒæk.oʊˌlæn.tɚn/ /ˈdʒæk.əʊˌlæn.tən/ /ˈdʒæk.əˌlæn.tɚn/ jack-o'-lanterns n
Jack-o’-lantern citrouille d'Halloween citrouille-lanterne lanterne-citrouille
A carved pumpkin whose top and stem have been cut out and interior removed, leaving a hollow shell that is then decorated to represent a face, illuminated from within by a candle. It is a symbol of Halloween.

jackal /ˈd͡ʒækəl/ jackals n
chacal
Any of certain wild canids of the genera Lupulella and Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.
(derogatory) A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator.

jackal buzzard jackal buzzards n
buse rounoir
(Buteo rufofuscus), an African bird of prey with three main subspecies

jackalope /ˈd͡ʒækəloʊp/ jackalopes n
jackalope
A folkloric animal, a supposed cross between a jackrabbit and an antelope, goat, or deer, usually portrayed as a rabbit with antlers.

jackass jackasses n
âne
A male donkey.
âne abruti connard
(chiefly, US) A foolish or stupid person.

jackdaw /ˈdʒækˌdɔː/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɑ/ /ˈd͡ʒækˌdɔ/ jackdaws n
choucas
A European bird (Coloeus monedula) of the crow family, often nesting in church towers and ruins.

jacket /ˈd͡ʒæk.ət/ /ˈd͡ʒæk.ɪt/ jackets n
veste blouson
A piece of clothing worn on the upper body outside a shirt or blouse, often waist length to thigh length.
veste jaquette
A piece of a person's suit, beside trousers and, sometimes, waistcoat; coat (US)
couverture jaquette
A protective or insulating cover for an object (e.g. a book, hot water tank, bullet.)

jackfruit jackfruit jackfruits n
jacque jaque jaquier
The large fruit from this tree.

jackhammer jackhammers n
marteau-piqueur
A portable percussive power tool that combines a hammer and chisel used to drill or break hard matter, for instance rock or concrete.

jackpot /ˈd͡ʒækpɒt/ jackpots n
jackpot
A money prize pool which accumulates until the conditions are met for it to be won.
gros lot
A large cash prize or money.

jackrabbit jackrabbits n
lièvre
any of several large North American hares of the genus Lepus

jacks /d͡ʒæks/ n
osselets
(games) A children's game involving picking up objects; knucklebones; jackstones.

jacquerie /ʒaˈkɹi/ /ˈʒak(ə)ɹi/ jacqueries n
jacquerie
A violent revolt by peasants.

jade /d͡ʒeɪd/ jades n
jade
A semiprecious stone, either nephrite or jadeite, generally green or white in color, often used for carving figurines.
A bright shade of slightly bluish or greyish green, typical of polished jade stones.
A succulent plant, Crassula ovata.
carne
A horse too old to be put to work.

jaded /ˈd͡ʒeɪdɪd/ more jaded most jaded adj
épuisé harassé
Worn out, wearied, exhausted or lacking enthusiasm, due to age or experience.
blasé désabusé
Made callous or cynically insensitive, by experience.

jadeite /ˈd͡ʒeɪˌdaɪt/ jadeites n
jadéite
(mineral) A pyroxene mineral, a sodium aluminium silicate with the chemical formula Na(Al,Fe3+)Si2O6, found in metamorphic rocks.

jagged /ˈd͡ʒæɡəd/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡɪd/ jaggeder jaggedest adj
anguleux dentelé
Unevenly cut; having the texture of something so cut.

jaggery /ˈdʒæɡəɹi/ /ˈdʒæɡɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡəɹi/ jaggeries n
jaggery jagre jagré
A traditional dark-brown unrefined sugar made from palm tree sap which is used throughout South and Southeast Asia; (by extension) other types of unrefined sugar.

jaguar /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.(j)u.ɑɹ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ɑː/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.juː.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.jʊə/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.waɪɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒæɡ.wɑɹ/ jaguars n
jaguar
A carnivorous spotted large cat native to South and Central America, Panthera onca.

jaguarundi jaguarundis n
jaguarondi
A medium-sized Central and South American wild cat, Puma yagouaroundi, Herpailurus yagouaroundi or Felis yagouaroundi.

jai alai /haɪəˈlaɪ/ /ˈhaɪlaɪ/ /ˈhaɪəlaɪ/ n
jaï-alaï
a Basque ball game in which the players propel the ball using a long basket attached to the wrist

jail /d͡ʒeɪ(ə)l/ jails n
prison geôle
A place or institution for the confinement of persons held against their will in lawful custody or detention, especially (in US usage) a place where people are held for minor offenses or with reference to some future judicial proceeding.

jailbait /ˈd͡ʒeɪlbeɪt/ jailbaits n
lolita
(slang) A sexually mature person below, or appearing to be below, the legal age of consent, who is regarded, usually by an adult, as being sexually attractive and/or seductive.

jailbird jailbirds n
taulard taularde tôlard tôlarde
A prisoner or an ex-prisoner

jailer /ˈd͡ʒeɪlə(ɹ)/ jailers n
geôlier geôlière gâfe
One who enforces confinement in a jail or prison.

jalebi jalebis n
zelabia zlabia

jalopy /d͡ʒəˈlɒ.pi/ jalopies n
carriole guimbarde tas de ferraille
(US, dated) An old, dilapidated or unpretentious automobile.

jalousie /ʒalʊˈziː/ /ˈd͡ʒæləsiː/ /ˈʒalʊziː/ jalousies n
jalousie
Upward sloping window slats which form a blind or shutter, allowing light and air in but excluding rain and direct sun.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ jams n
confiture marmelade
(less common in the, _, US) A sweet mixture of fruit boiled with sugar and allowed to congeal. Often spread on bread or toast or used in jam tarts.
pétrin
(countable) A difficult situation.
embouteillage
(countable) A blockage, congestion, or immobilization.
bœuf jam
(countable, popular music) An informal, impromptu performance or rehearsal.

jam /ˈdʒæːm/ /ˈd͡ʒæm/ v
coincer
To get something stuck, often (though not necessarily) in a confined space.
enfoncer fourrer
To brusquely force something into a space; to cram, to squeeze.
embouteiller enrayer
To cause congestion or blockage. Often used with "up".
brouiller
To block or confuse a radio or radar signal by transmitting a more-powerful signal on the same frequency.
bœuf
(music) To play music (especially improvisation as a group, or an informal unrehearsed session).

jam session jam sessions n
jam session bœuf
(music) An informal gathering of musicians to play music, especially improvised jazz or a similar genre.

jamb /d͡ʒæm/ jambs n
jambage
(architecture, interior decorating, carpentry) Either of the vertical components that form the side of an opening in a wall, such as that of a door frame, window frame, or fireplace.

jambalaya /ˌd͡ʒæmbəˈlaɪə/ /ˌd͡ʒʌmbəˈlaɪə/ jambalayas n
jambalaya
Any of various of rice-based dishes common in Louisiana Cajun or Creole cooking; most often with shrimp, oysters, chicken or ham.

jambon /d͡ʒæmˈbɒn/ jambons n
paniers feuilletés au jambon et au fromage
(Ireland, British) A square puff pastry containing ham and cheese.

jamboree /ˌdʒæm.bəˈɹiː/ jamborees n
jamboree
(scouting) A large rally of Scouts or Guides.

jambul jambuls n
jamblon jamelonier
An evergreen tropical tree, Syzygium cumini.
prune de Java
The plum-like fruit of this tree.

jammer /ˈd͡ʒæmɚ/ jammers n
brouilleur
Any device used to jam radio reception.

jangle /ˈdʒæŋɡl̩/ /ˈd͡ʒæŋɡ(ə)l/ v
cliqueter
(Northern England) Of a person: to speak loudly or too much; to chatter, to prate; of a bird: to make a noisy chattering sound.

janissary /-səɹi/ /ˈdʒanɪzəɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒænəˌzeɹi/ /ˈja-/ janissaries n
janissaire
(historical) An infantry soldier, often of European Christian background from the Balkans as well as Eastern Europe and forcibly converted to Islam, in a former elite Turkish (Ottoman) guard (disbanded in 1826); (by extension) any Turkish soldier, particularly one escorting a traveller.

janissaryship janissaryships n
janissariat

janitor /ˈd͡ʒænɪtə/ /ˈd͡ʒænɪtɚ/ janitors n
concierge
(Scotland) A caretaker or custodian; someone who maintains a school building specifically and may serve other administrative roles.
portier portière
A doorman.

japan /d͡ʒəˈpæn/ v
japon
(transitive) To varnish with japan.

japchae n
japchae
A Korean dish made of sweet-potato dangmyeon cellophane noodles, vegetables and other ingredients.

japonisme japonismes n
japonisme
An influence of Japanese art and culture on European art and design.

jar /dʒaː/ /dʒɐː/ /dʒɑː/ /d͡ʒɑɹ/ [d͡ʒaː(ɹ)] [d͡ʒɐː(ɹ)] [d͡ʒɑɹ] jars n
pot bocal
A small, approximately cylindrical container, normally made of clay or glass, for holding fruit, preserves, etc., or for ornamental purposes.

jarbua terapon jarbua terapons n
violon jarbua
An edible omnivorous fish of species Terapon jarbua, fawn in color on top, cream-colored below, with a dark nape, and three or four curved dark brown bands run from the nape to the hind part of the body, the lowermost continuing across the middle of the caudal fin, of the Actinopterygii order.

jargon /ˈdʒɑː.ɡən/ /ˈd͡ʒɑɹ.ɡən/ jargons n
jargon
(uncountable) A technical terminology unique to a particular subject.
jargon argot
(countable) A language characteristic of a particular group.
jargon charabia
(uncountable) Speech or language that is incomprehensible or unintelligible; gibberish.

jargonelle /dʒɑːɡəˈnɛl/ jargonelles n
cuisse madame
A variety of pear.

jargoon /d͡ʒɑɹ.ˈɡuːn/ jargoons n
zircon
A variety of zircon.

jarring [d͡ʒaːrɪŋ] [d͡ʒɑːrɪŋ] more jarring most jarring adj
discordant déroutant
That jars (clashes or disagrees); incongruous, conflictful.

jasmine /ˈd͡ʒæzmɪn/ jasmines n
jasmin
Any of several plants, of the genus Jasminum, mostly native to Asia, having fragrant white or yellow flowers.
The perfume obtained from these plants.

jasmine rice jasmine rices n
riz asiatique
A type of fragrant long-grain rice grown in Southeast Asia (Oryza sativa Indica Group).

jasper /ˈdʒæs.pə/ /ˈd͡ʒæs.pɚ/ jaspers n
jaspe
(obsolete) Any bright-coloured kind of chalcedony apart from cornelian.
An opaque, impure variety of quartz, of red, yellow, and other dull colors, breaking conchoidally with a smooth surface.
Jasperware pottery.

jaspé more jaspé most jaspé adj
jaspé
Veined or clouded like imitation jasper.

jaundice /ˈd͡ʒændɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɑndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/ jaundices n
jaunisse ictère
(pathology) A morbid condition, characterized by yellowness of the eyes, skin, and urine. [from early 14th c.]

jaundice /ˈd͡ʒændɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɑndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɚz/ /ˈd͡ʒɔndɪs/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːndɪs/ v
en faire une jaunisse
(transitive) To affect with jaundice; to color by prejudice or envy; to prejudice. [from 1791]

jaunt /ˈdʒɑːnt/ /ˈd͡ʒɔːnt/ jaunts n
balade promenade
A short excursion for pleasure or refreshment; a ramble; a short journey.

javelin /ˈd͡ʒæv.(ə.)lɪn/ javelins n
javelot
A light spear thrown with the hand and used as a weapon.
A metal-tipped spear thrown for distance in an athletic field event.

javelin throw javelin throws n
lancer du javelot
(athletics) An athletic throwing event where the object to be thrown is the javelin, a spear-like object made of metal, fiberglass and, in some cases, kyshashrek.

javelin thrower javelin throwers n
lanceur de javelot lanceuse de javelot
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the javelin throw.

jaw /d͡ʒɑ/ /d͡ʒɔ/ /d͡ʒɔː/ jaws n
mâchoire mâchoire inférieure mâchoire supérieure
One of the bones, usually bearing teeth, which form the framework of the mouth.
mordache mors
One of a pair of opposing parts which are movable towards or from each other, for grasping or crushing anything between them.

jaw-dropping /ˈd͡ʒɔ ˌdɹɑpɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɔː ˌdɹɒpɪŋ/ more jaw-dropping most jaw-dropping adj
à couper le souffle
(informal) Causing great awe or surprise.

jawbone jawbones n
mandibule mâchoire mâchoire inférieure
(countable) The bone of the lower jaw; the mandible.
mâchoire
(countable) Any of the bones in the lower or upper jaw.

jawbreaking more jawbreaking most jawbreaking adj
imprononçable à coucher dehors

jay /ˈd͡ʒeɪ/ jays n
ji
The name of the Latin-script letter J.
geai geai des chênes
Any of various other birds of similar appearance and behaviour.

jaywalk /ˈd͡ʒeɪ.wɑːk/ /ˈd͡ʒeɪ.wɔːk/ v
traverser en dehors des clous
(chiefly, US, legal) To behave as a jaywalker; to violate pedestrian traffic regulations by crossing a street away from a designated crossing or to walk in the part of the street intended for vehicles rather than on the sidewalk.

jazz /d͡ʒæz/ jazzes n
jazz
(music genre) A musical art form rooted in West African cultural and musical expression and in the African American blues tradition, with diverse influences over time, commonly characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms and improvisation.

jazz band jazz bands n
jazz band orchestre de jazz
(music, jazz) A musical band that plays jazz music.

je ne sais quoi /ˌʒə n(ə) sɛ ˈkwɑː/ /ˌʒə nə seɪ ˈkwɑ/ /ˌʒə nə seɪ ˈkwɑː/ n
Dieu sait quoi je ne sais quoi je-ne-sais-quoi on ne sait quoi
An indefinable quality that makes something distinctive or attractive.

jealous /ˈd͡ʒɛləs/ jealouser jealousest more jealous most jealous adj
jaloux jalouse
Suspecting rivalry in love; troubled by worries that one might have been replaced in someone's affections; suspicious of a lover's or spouse's fidelity. [from 13th c.]
jaloux envieux
Envious; feeling resentful or angered toward someone for a perceived advantage or success, material or otherwise. [from 14th c.]

jealously more jealously most jealously adv
jalousement
In a jealous manner.

jealousy /ˈd͡ʒɛləsi/ jealousies n
jalousie envie
(countable, uncountable) A state of being jealous; a jealous attitude.
jalousie envie convoitise
(archaic) A close concern for someone or something, solicitude, vigilance.

jeans /d͡ʒiːnz/ n
jeans jean
denim trousers

jebel /ˈd͡ʒɛbəl/ jebels n
angoisse djebel
A hill, a mountain (especially in the Middle East or North Africa).

jeep /d͡ʒiːp/ jeeps n
jeep
(genericized trademark) A sport utility vehicle or similar four-wheel-drive vehicle.

jeer /d͡ʒɪə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒɪɹ/ jeers n
moquerie raillerie
A mocking remark or reflection.

jeer /d͡ʒɪə(ɹ)/ /d͡ʒɪɹ/ v
moquer railler
(intransitive, with at) To utter sarcastic or mocking comments; to speak with mockery or derision; to use taunting language.

jejunal adj
jéjunal
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the jejunum

jejunum /dʒɪˈdʒuːnəm/ jejuna jejunums n
jéjunum
(anatomy) The central of the three divisions of the small intestine which lies between the duodenum and the ileum

jelly /ˈd͡ʒɛl.i/ jellies n
gelée
(New Zealand, Australia, British) A dessert made by boiling gelatine, sugar and some flavouring (often derived from fruit) and allowing it to set, known as "jello" in North America.
gelée confiture
(North America, Britain (certain specific usages)) A clear or translucent fruit preserve, made from fruit juice and set using either naturally occurring, or added, pectin. Normally known as "jam" in Commonwealth English but see redcurrant jelly and jeely.
gros cul
(US, slang) A large backside, especially a woman's.

jelly bean jelly beans n
Jelly Bean
A small, bean-shaped, chewy candy/sweet with a firm coating and a jelly-like center, made of sugar, flavoring, coloring and sometimes starch or other thickener, and usually sold assorted in a wide variety of flavors and bright colors.

jellyfish /ˈd͡ʒɛliˌfɪʃ/ jellyfish jellyfishes n
méduse
An almost transparent aquatic animal; any one of the acalephs, especially one of the larger species, having a jellylike appearance.

jenever jenevers n
genièvre
A Dutch and Flemish alcoholic spirit, flavoured with juniper, rather like gin.

jeopardize /ˈd͡ʒep.ə.dɑɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɛp.ə.dʌɪz/ /ˈd͡ʒɛp.ɚ.daɪz/ v
mettre en danger
(US) To put in jeopardy, to threaten.

jeopardy /ˈd͡ʒepədi/ /ˈd͡ʒɛpədi/ /ˈd͡ʒɛpɚdi/ jeopardies n
danger péril risque
Danger of failure, harm, or loss.

jerboa /dʒɜː(ɹ)ˈbəʊ.ə/ jerboas n
gerboise
Any of a number of species comprising most of the family Dipodidae, native to the deserts of Asia and northern Africa, being a small, jumping rodent with a long tufted tail, very small forefeet and very long hind legs.

jeremiad /ˌd͡ʒɛɹ.əˈmaɪ.əd/ jeremiads n
jérémiade
A long speech or prose work that bitterly laments the state of society and its morals, and often contains a prophecy of its coming downfall.

jerk /d͡ʒɜːk/ /d͡ʒɝk/ jerks n
clonie convulsion myoclonie soubresaut spasme sursaut
A sudden, often uncontrolled movement, especially of the body.
cahot saccade secousse
A quick tug or shake.
con conard connard crétin
(originally, North America, slang, pejorative) A person with unlikable or obnoxious qualities and behavior, typically mean, self-centered, or disagreeable; an arsehole.
suraccélération
(physics, engineering) The rate of change in acceleration with respect to time.

jerk off v
branler
(intransitive, vulgar) To do nothing; to waste time.

jerkass jerkasses n
connard
(slang, pejorative) An obnoxious or unlikeable person; a jerk.

jerkily more jerkily most jerkily adv
par à-coups
In a jerky manner.

jerkin /ˈd͡ʒɜː.kɪn/ /ˈd͡ʒɝ.kɪn/ jerkins n
justaucorps
(historical) A type of men's garment popular in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries: a close-fitting collarless jacket, with or without sleeves.

jerky /ˈd͡ʒɝki/ jerkier jerkiest adj
saccadé saccadée
Characterized by physical jerking.

jerky /ˈd͡ʒɝki/ jerkies n
charqui jerky
Lean meat cured and preserved by cutting into thin strips and air-drying in the sun.

jerry-built adj
bâclé vite fait
Built cheaply and shoddily.

jerrycan /ˈd͡ʒɛɹiˌkæn/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɹɪˌkæn/ jerrycans n
jerrican bidon jerricane
A robust fuel container often made from pressed steel.

jersey /ˈd͡ʒɜːzi/ /ˈd͡ʒɝzi/ jerseys n
jersey tricot
(countable) A garment knitted from wool, worn over the upper body.
maillot
(countable, US) A shirt worn by a member of an athletic team, usually oversized, typically depicting the athlete's name and team number as well as the team's logotype.

jest /d͡ʒiːst/ /d͡ʒɛst/ jests n
risée
(archaic) Someone or something that is ridiculed; the target of a joke.

jest /d͡ʒiːst/ /d͡ʒɛst/ v
blaguer plaisanter
To tell a joke; to talk in a playful manner; to make fun of something or someone.

jester /ˈd͡ʒɛs.tə/ /ˈd͡ʒɛs.tɚ/ jesters jestress n
plaisantin
One who jests, jokes or teases.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ adj
à réaction
Propelled by turbine engines.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ jets n
gicleur
A spout or nozzle for creating a jet of fluid.
A part of a carburetor that controls the amount of fuel mixed with the air.
jais noir de jais
(color) The colour of jet coal, deep grey.
jet
An engine that propels a vehicle using a stream of fluid as propulsion.

jet /d͡ʒɛt/ v
jaillir
To strut; to walk with a lofty or haughty gait; to be insolent; to obtrude.

jet engine jet engines n
moteur à réaction
An engine that obtains thrust by taking in air at the front, using it to burn fuel, then ejecting the hot combustion products at the rear through a propulsive nozzle.
Any engine propelled by expelling a high speed fluid jet (jet propulsion), such as a rocket, turbojet, turbofan, ramjet, etc.

jet fuel jet fuels n
carburéacteur
(aviation) The fuel that powers a jet aircraft.

jet lag jet lags n
décalage horaire
(aviation) A physical condition caused by crossing time zones during flight; often the result of disruption to the circadian rhythms of the body.

jet pack jet packs n
réacteur dorsal
(aviation) A piece of equipment that may be strapped to a person’s back and generate vertical thrust by a downward discharge of jet fluid, thereby rendering the person capable of flight.

jet plane jet planes n
avion à réaction jet
A jet: an airplane that is powered by a jet engine.

jet ski jet skis n
jet ski moto aquatique motomarine scooter des mers
A small motorized watercraft with a flattish hull and an upright centre, which a rider sits astride.

jet-black n
noir de jais noir foncé noir intense noir profond noir soutenu
Coal-black; the blackest black.

jet-lagged more jet-lagged most jet-lagged adj
décalé déphasé jetlagué

jetsam /ˈd͡ʒɛtsəm/ jetsams n
lest
Articles thrown overboard from a ship or boat in order to lighten the load of a ship in distress.
(by extension) Discarded odds and ends.

jettison /-zn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾəsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾɪsn̩/ jettisons n
lest
(uncountable, collective) Items that have been or are about to be ejected from a boat or balloon.
délestage largage
(countable) The action of jettisoning items.

jettison /-zn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsn̩/ /ˈd͡ʒɛtɪsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾəsən/ /ˈd͡ʒɛɾɪsn̩/ v
délester jeter larguer par-dessus bord
To eject from a boat, submarine, aircraft, spaceship or hot-air balloon, so as to lighten the load.
abandonner balancer se débarrasser
(figurative) To let go or get rid of as being useless or defective.

jetty /ˈd͡ʒɛti/ jetties n
jetée
A structure of wood or stone extended into the sea to influence the current or tide, or to protect a harbor or beach.

jeu de paume n
jeu de paume
A precursor of lawn tennis, originally played by hitting the ball with the palm of the hand instead of with a racquet.

jeunesse dorée n
jeunesse dorée
Young people who are dazzlingly rich, elegant, etc.; the youthful part of fashionable society.

jewbush /ˈd͡ʒuːbʊʃ/ jewbushes n
pantouflier
The low-growing tropical American shrub Euphorbia tithymaloides (formerly Pedilanthus tithymaloides).

jewel /d͡ʒul/ /ˈd͡ʒu.əl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːəl/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəl/ jewels n
bijou joyau
A valuable object used for personal ornamentation, especially one made of precious metals and stones; a piece of jewellery.
(figuratively) Anything precious or valuable.
pierre pierre d'horlogerie rubi rubis
(horology) A bearing for a pivot in a watch, formed of a crystal or precious stone.

jewel box jewel boxes n
boîte à bijoux écrin
A box for storing jewels.

jeweler /ˈd͡ʒu(ə)lɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːələ/ jewelers n
bijoutier joaillier bijoutière joaillière
A person whose job is making, repairing or selling jewelry.

jeweller's n
bijouterie
(British, Canadian) A shop that sells jewellery

jewellery /ˈd͡ʒuː(ə)ləɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒuː(ə)lɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʊ(ə)lɹi/ jewelleries n
joaillerie bijoux
Collectively, personal ornamentation such as rings, necklaces, brooches and bracelets, made of precious metals and sometimes set with gemstones.

jezve /ˈd͡ʒɛzveɪ/ jezves n
zazoua cezve
A Turkish coffee-pot with a long handle.

jiangshi /d͡ʒiˌæŋˈʃiː/ /d͡ʒiˌɑŋˈʃiː/ jiangshi n
jiangshi
A reanimated corpse in Chinese legend, which moves around by hopping with its arms outstretched, and kills living creatures to absorb their life force.

jiaozi /ˈd͡ʒjaʊ.d͡ʒi/ jiaozi n
gyoza jiaozi
A Chinese crescent-shaped dumpling filled with a minced stuffing and steamed, boiled or fried; the Chinese equivalent of the Japanese gyoza.

jib /d͡ʒɪb/ jibs n
foc
(nautical, usually with a modifier) Any of a variety of specialty triangular staysails set forward of the foremast.

jib /d͡ʒɪb/ v
regimber
(figuratively) To stop doing something, to become reluctant to proceed with an activity.

jibber /ˈd͡ʒɪbə(ɹ)/ jibbers n
jibbeur
A horse that jibs, i.e. refuses, stops short.

jibe /d͡ʒaɪb/ v
s'accorder se mettre d'accord
(intransitive, Canada, US, informal) To accord or agree.

jicama /ˈhiː.kə.mə/ /ˈhɪ.kə.mə/ jicamas n
jícama pois patate
The edible root of the yam bean, Pachyrhizus erosus, used in salads in Central America and as a snack in Mexico.

jiffy /ˈd͡ʒɪ.fi/ jiffies n
instant moment seconde
(colloquial) A very short, unspecified length of time. [from 1780.]

jig /d͡ʒɪɡ/ jigs n
gigue
modèle patron
(music) A light, brisk musical movement; a gigue.

jig /d͡ʒɪɡ/ v
sautiller trémousser

jiggle /ˈd͡ʒɪɡəl/ v
ballotter remuer légèrement
(transitive) To shake something gently; to rattle or wiggle.

jigsaw /ˈd͡ʒɪɡsɔː/ jigsaws n
scie sauteuse
A power saw with fine teeth and a narrow blade which can cut curves in wood or metal.

jigsaw puzzle jigsaw puzzles n
puzzle
A type of puzzle in which the aim is to reconstruct a picture that has been cut (originally, with a jigsaw) into many small interlocking pieces.

jihad /d͡ʒəˈhɑːd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhæd/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhæd/ /ˈd͡ʒiːhɑːd/ jihads n
djihad jihad
(Islam) A holy war undertaken by Muslims.
(Islam, theology) A personal spiritual struggle for self-improvement and/or against evil.

jihadise v
jihadiser

jihadism /d͡ʒɪˈhæd.ɪz.əm/ /d͡ʒɪˈhɑːd.ɪz.əm/ jihadisms n
jihadisme
The ideological movement within modern Islamism that advocates armed jihad and hostility against non-believers.

jihadist jihadists n
djihadiste moudjahid jihadiste mujâhid
One who participates in a jihad, an Islamic holy war or conflict; a mujahid.

jilt /d͡ʒɪlt/ v
plaquer quitter abandonner
(transitive) To cast off capriciously or unfeelingly, as a lover; to deceive in love.

jimmy /ˈd͡ʒɪmi/ jimmies n
pied-de-biche
(informal) A device used to circumvent a locking mechanism; a slim jim.

jimsonweed jimsonweeds n
stramoine
(US) A poisonous plant of the Datura stramonium species, part of the nightshade (Solanaceae) family, occasionally ingested as a hallucinogen.

jingle bell /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡ(ə)l ˌbɛl/ /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡl̩ bɛl/ jingle bells n
grelot
A small, hollow, spherical metal bell with a narrow slit opening or small holes, containing a loose ball or rod as a clapper, which is attached to a horse's harness as a signal, or (percussion instrument) used as a musical instrument.

jingoism /ˈd͡ʒɪŋɡəʊɪz(ə)m/ jingoisms n
jingoïsme bellicisme
(uncountable) Excessive patriotism or aggressive nationalism, especially with regards to foreign policy.
bellicisme
(countable) A jingoistic attitude, comment, etc.

jingoistic /ˌd͡ʒɪŋ.ɡoʊˈɪst.ɪk/ /ˌd͡ʒɪŋ.ɡəʊˈɪst.ɪk/ more jingoistic most jingoistic adj
chauvin cocardier
Overly patriotic or nationalistic, often with an element of favouring war or an aggressive foreign policy.

jink /d͡ʒɪŋk/ jinks n
zigzag
A quick evasive turn.

jink /d͡ʒɪŋk/ v
zigzaguer
(transitive) To cause a vehicle to make a quick evasive turn.

jinn /d͡ʒɪn/ jawan jinn jinnah jinnan jinns n
djinn jinn
(Arabic culture) A human-like spiritual or immaterial being, as opposed to al-ins (people), often invisible but able to manifest in form and also inhabit people or animals; origin of the genie of Western literature, film etc.

jinx /d͡ʒɪŋks/ interjection
chips
Used after the same thing is said by two people simultaneously.

jinx /d͡ʒɪŋks/ jinxes n
maléfice sortilège
A hex; an evil spell.
porte-malheur
A person or thing supposed to bring bad luck.

jinx /d͡ʒɪŋks/ v
maudire porter la guigne porter malheur
(transitive) To cast a spell on.
porter la poisse
(transitive) To bring bad luck to.

jitter /ˈd͡ʒɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈd͡ʒɪtɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒɪɾɚ] jitters n
tic nerveux
A nervous action; a tic.
gigue
(telecommunications) An abrupt and unwanted variation of one or more signal characteristics.

jizz /ˈd͡ʒɪz/ n
foutre jute
(vulgar, _, slang) Male ejaculate; sperm, semen.

job /d͡ʒɑb/ /d͡ʒɒb/ jobs n
travail tâche boulot
A task.
emploi travail boulot job métier poste
An economic role for which a person is paid.
-plastie plastie
(in noun compounds) Plastic surgery.
boulot travail job tâche
(computing) A task, or series of tasks, carried out in batch mode (especially on a mainframe computer).

job application job applications n
demande d'emploi

job description job descriptions n
fiche de poste

job fair job fairs n
salon de l'emploi
An event organised for employers, recruiters and schools to meet with prospective jobseekers.

job interview job interviews n
entretien d'embauche
A formal interview in which a job applicant must answer questions, especially in a professional manner, to determine whether they are suitable for the job applied for.

job offer job offers n
offre d'emploi
An offer to give someone employment.

job security n
sécurité de l'emploi
The probability that an individual will keep his/her job.

job title job titles n
intitulé de poste
A specific designation of a post within an organization, normally associated with a job description that details the tasks and responsibilities that go with it.

job-hopping n
instabilité professionnelle
The practice of suddenly or frequently changing jobs, especially for financial or career advancement reasons.

jobbery jobberies n
corruption favoritisme
The improper or corrupt act or conduct of public or official business for the sake of private gain.

jobseeker jobseekers n
demandeur d'emploi demandeuse d'emploi
A person seeking employment.

jobseeking n
recherche [[d']]emploi

jockey /ˈdʒɒki/ jockeys n
jockey
One who rides racehorses competitively.

jockstrap /ˈd͡ʒɑkstɹæp/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkstɹæp/ jockstraps n
suspensoir coquille
(sports) An athletic supporter worn by men and boys to support the genitals during strenuous exercise.

jocular /ˈd͡ʒɑkjəlɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkjʊlə/ more jocular most jocular adj
amusant facétieux humoristique
Humorous, amusing or joking.

jocund /ˈd͡ʒoʊkənd/ /ˈd͡ʒɑkənd/ /ˈd͡ʒɒkənd/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊkənd/ more jocund most jocund adj
enjoué gai jovial
Jovial; exuberant; lighthearted; merry and in high spirits; exhibiting happiness.

jog /d͡ʒɑɡ/ /d͡ʒɒɡ/ v
remuer
To push slightly; to move or shake with a push or jerk, as to gain the attention of; to jolt.
faire du jogging trottiner
To cause to move at an energetic trot.

jogger /ˈd͡ʒɑ.ɡɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒɒ.ɡə/ joggers n
joggeur joggeuse
A person who jogs (as exercise).

jogging /ˈd͡ʒɑ.ɡɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɒɡ.ɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɡ.ɪŋ/ joggings n
jogging footing
The practice of running at a relatively slow pace for exercise.

john /ˈd͡ʒɑn/ /ˈd͡ʒɒn/ johns n
miché micheton
(slang) A prostitute's client.

joie de vivre /ˌʒwɑ də ˈviv(ɹə)/ /ˌʒwɑː də ˈviːvɹə/ n
joie de vivre
Enjoyment of living; happiness, ebullience, zest for life.

join /ˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ joins n
jointure
An intersection of piping or wiring; an interconnect.
(computing, databases) An intersection of data in two or more database tables.

join /ˈd͡ʒɔɪn/ v
rejoindre
joindre
(transitive) To connect or combine into one; to put together.
(transitive) To come into the company of.
(transitive) To become a member of.

join the club phraseologicalUnit
bienvenue au club
(idiomatic) An expression of sympathy for a shared experience.

joiner /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnə/ /ˈd͡ʒɔɪnɚ/ joiners n
menuisier ébéniste
A maker of wooden furniture or fittings.

joinery joineries n
menuiserie ébénisterie
A factory producing wooden products such as tables, doors, and cabinets.
The work of the joiner.

joint /d͡ʒɔɪnt/ adj
commun conjoint
Done by two or more people or organisations working together.

joint /d͡ʒɔɪnt/ joints n
articulation rotule
The point where two components of a structure join, but are still able to rotate.
jointure
The point where two components of a structure join rigidly.
articulation jointure boui-boui resto
(anatomy) Any part of the body where two bones join, in most cases allowing that part of the body to be bent or straightened.
jointure assemblage
A cut of meat, especially (but not necessarily) (a) one containing a joint in the sense of an articulation or (b) one rolled up and tied.
diaclase
(geology) A fracture in which the strata are not offset; a geologic joint.
auberge cabane gnouf taule violon
(slang, with the definite article) Prison, jail, or lockup.
boui-boui resto
(chiefly, US, _, slang, may be somewhat, _, pejorative) A place of business, particularly in the food service or hospitality industries; sometimes extended to any place that is a focus of human connection or activity (e.g., schools, hangouts, party spots).
joint pétard bédo oinj splif tarpé
(slang) A marijuana cigarette.

joint account joint accounts n
compte joint
A bank account owned jointly by two or more persons.

joint custody n
garde alternée garde conjointe garde partagée
(legal) An arrangement whereby the mother and the father share the physical and legal custody of a child.

joint tenancy joint tenancies n
propriété commune propriété en main commune

joint venture joint ventures n
coentreprise joint-venture entreprise commune
A cooperative partnership between two individuals or businesses in which profits and risks are shared.

joint-stock company joint-stock companies n
société anonyme société par actions SA
(business, finance, legal, UK) A company with transferable ownership interests and limited shareholder liability.
(business, finance, legal, US) A company with transferable ownership interests and unlimited shareholder liability.

jointer jointers n
dégauchisseuse
An equivalent machine, notably used to produce a flat surface on boards.

jointly adv
conjointement
Together, acting as one; collectively.

joist /d͡ʒɔɪst/ joists n
solive
A piece of timber or steel laid horizontally, or nearly so, to which the planks of the floor, or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling, are nailed.

jojoba /hoʊˈhoʊbə/ /həʊˈhəʊbə/ /həˈhoʊbə/ /həˈhəʊbə/ jojobas n
jojoba
A shrub native to the southwestern United States and to Mexico, Simmondsia chinensis: the only plant known to store liquid wax in its seed.

joke /d͡ʒoʊk/ /d͡ʒəʊk/ jokes n
blague plaisanterie joke
An amusing story.
blague plaisanterie
Something said or done for amusement, not in seriousness.
raté ratée
(figuratively) A laughably worthless thing or person; a sham.

joke /d͡ʒoʊk/ /d͡ʒəʊk/ v
plaisanter blaguer
(intransitive) To do or say something for amusement rather than seriously.

joke shop joke shops n
magasin de farces et attrapes

joker /ˈd͡ʒoʊkɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊkə/ jokers n
farceur blagueur
A person who makes jokes.
joker
A playing card that features a picture of a joker (that is, a jester) and that may be used as a wild card in some card games.

jokester /ˈd͡ʒoʊkstɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊkstə/ jokesters n
blagueur farceur rigolo
A person who tells jokes; a joker.
farceur
A person who plays practical jokes.
bouffon
Jester, court jester.

jolt /d͡ʒoʊlt/ /d͡ʒɒlt/ /d͡ʒəʊlt/ jolts n
secousse soubresaut à-coup
An act of jolting.

jolt /d͡ʒoʊlt/ /d͡ʒɒlt/ /d͡ʒəʊlt/ v
ballotter cahoter secouer tressauter
(transitive) To push or shake abruptly and roughly.

jonquil /ˈd͡ʒɑŋkwəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɒŋkwəl/ jonquils n
jonquille
A fragrant bulb flower (Narcissus jonquilla), a species of daffodil. [from 1660s]

joss paper joss papers n
billet funéraire
A sheet of paper or other papercraft item used as a burnt offering in traditional Chinese veneration of the dead.

jostaberry jostaberries n
casseille
A fruit made by crossing several members of the Ribes genus, including blackcurrant and gooseberry.

jostle /ˈd͡ʒɑ.səl/ /ˈd͡ʒɒs.əl/ jostles n
bousculade
The act of jostling someone or something; push, shove.
cohue
The action of a jostling crowd.

jostle /ˈd͡ʒɑ.səl/ /ˈd͡ʒɒs.əl/ v
bousculer
(ambitransitive) To bump into or brush against while in motion; to push aside.
(intransitive) To move through by pushing and shoving.

jot /d͡ʒɑt/ /d͡ʒɒt/ v
noter au brouillon
(transitive) Chiefly followed by down: to write (something) quickly; to make a brief note of (something).

joule /d͡ʒaʊl/ /d͡ʒuːl/ joules n
joule
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of energy, work and heat; the work required to exert a force of one newton for a distance of one metre. Equivalent to one watt of power for a duration of one second. Symbol: J

jour fixe jours fixes n
jour fixe
(arts) A series of presentations and/or performances, discussions or similar events that happen on a fixed day every month (or similar; for example "every second Sunday of a month"). Used mainly by cultural and artistic organizations.

journal /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəl/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/ journals n
journal
A diary or daily record of a person, organization, vessel etc.; daybook.
journal revue
A newspaper or magazine dealing with a particular subject.
journal historique registre
(accounting) A chronological record of payments or receipts.
historique journal registre
(computing) A chronological record of changes made to a database or other system; along with a backup or image copy that allows recovery after a failure or reinstatement to a previous time; a log.

journaling journalings n
journalisation
The activity of keeping a diary, or journal.

journalism /ˈd͡ʒəːn(ə)lɪzəm/ /ˈd͡ʒɚnl̩ˌɪzəm/ journalisms n
journalisme
The activity or profession of being a journalist.

journalist /ˈd͡ʒɜːnəlɪst/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnəlɪst/ journalists n
journaliste
One whose occupation is journalism, originally only writing in the printed press.
A reporter, someone who professionally reports on news and current events.

journalistic /ˌd͡ʒɜː(ɹ)nəˈlɪstɪk/ adj
journalistique
Related to journalism or journalists.

journalistically more journalistically most journalistically adv
journalistiquement

journey /ˈd͡ʒɜːni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝni/ journeys n
voyage
A set amount of travelling, seen as a single unit; a discrete trip, a voyage.

journey /ˈd͡ʒɜːni/ /ˈd͡ʒɝni/ v
voyager
To travel, to make a trip or voyage.

journeyman /ˈd͡ʒɜːnimən/ /ˈd͡ʒɝnimən/ journeymen n
compagnon
A tradesman who has served an apprenticeship and is employed by a master tradesman.

journo journos n
gratte-papier journaleux
(UK, Australian, informal) A journalist.

joust /d͡ʒaʊst/ /d͡ʒuːst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ /d͡ʒʌʊst/ jousts n
joute équestre
A tilting match: a mock combat between two mounted knights or men-at-arms using lances in the lists or enclosed field.

joust /d͡ʒaʊst/ /d͡ʒuːst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ /d͡ʒʌʊst/ v
jouter
To engage in mock combat on horseback, as two knights in the lists; to tilt.

jousting /ˈd͡ʒaʊstɪŋ/ joustings n
joute joute équestre
A medieval European sport in which mounted knights charged at each other bearing lances.

jousting /ˈd͡ʒaʊstɪŋ/ v
joute

jovial /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vəl/ /ˈd͡ʒoʊ.vɪ.əl/ /ˈd͡ʒəʊ.vɪ.əl/ more jovial most jovial adj
jovial
(comparable) Cheerful and good-humoured; jolly, merry.

joviality /d͡ʒoʊviˈælɪti/ jovialities n
jovialité
The state of being jovial; jollity or conviviality.

jowl /d͡ʒaʊl/ /d͡ʒəʊl/ jowls n
joue bajoue mâchoire
The jaw, jawbone; especially one of the lateral parts of the mandible.
babine bajoue
A fold of fatty flesh under the chin, around the cheeks, or lower jaw (as a dewlap, wattle, crop, or double chin).

joy /d͡ʒɔɪ/ joys n
joie
A feeling of extreme happiness or cheerfulness, especially related to the acquisition or expectation of something good.

joyful /ˈd͡ʒɔɪfəl/ joyfuller joyfullest more joyful most joyful adj
joyeux allègre
Feeling or causing joy.

joyous /d͡ʒɔɪəs/ more joyous most joyous adj
joyeux
Full of joy; happy.

joystick /ˈdʒɔɪstɪk/ joysticks n
joystick manche à balai manche manette
A mechanical device consisting of a handgrip mounted on a base or pedestal and typically having one or more buttons, used to control an aircraft, computer, or other equipment.

jubilee /ˈd͡ʒubəl/ /ˈd͡ʒubəˌli/ /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːbɪliː/ /ˌd͡ʒubəˈli/ /ˌd͡ʒuːbɪˈliː/ jubilees n
jubilé
A major anniversary of an event, particularly the fiftieth (50th) anniversary of a coronation or marriage. [from late 14th c.]

judder /ˈd͡ʒʌdə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌdɚ/ judders n
clonie convulsion saccade secousse spasme ébranlement
A spasmodic shaking.

judder /ˈd͡ʒʌdə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌdɚ/ v
ébranler convulsionner se contracter se spasmer secouer
(intransitive) To spasm or shake violently.

judge /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ judges n
juge
A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments; a justice.
A person who decides the fate of someone or something that has been called into question.
A person who evaluates something or forms an opinion.
arbitre juge
A person officiating at a sports event, a contest, or similar.

judge /d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ/ v
juger
(transitive) To sit in judgment on; to pass sentence on (a person or matter).
(intransitive) To sit in judgment, to act as judge.
(ambitransitive) To criticize or label another person or thing; to be judgmental toward.
juger évaluer
(transitive) To form an opinion on; to appraise.
juger trancher
(intransitive) To arbitrate; to pass opinion on something, especially to settle a dispute etc.
estimer
(transitive) To have as an opinion; to consider, suppose.
penser
(ambitransitive) To form an opinion; to infer.

judgement day judgement days n
jugement dernier jour du jugement
(Christianity, Islam, Judaism) The final trial of all humankind, both the living and the dead, by God expected to take place at the end of the world, when each is rewarded or punished according to their merits; the Final Judgment, the Last Judgment.

judgment /ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒ.mənt/ judgments n
jugement sentence verdict
The power or faculty of performing such operations; especially, when unqualified, the faculty of judging or deciding rightly, justly, or wisely
jugement
(legal) The act of determining, as in courts of law, what is conformable to law and justice; also, the determination, decision, or sentence of a court, or of a judge.
jugement dernier
(theology) The final award; the last sentence.

judgmental more judgmental most judgmental adj
jugeur
Of or relating to judgment.
critique moralisateur
(chiefly, of a person) Inclined to rashly pass judgment, critical.

judicial /d͡ʒuˈdɪʃəl/ more judicial most judicial adj
judiciaire
Of or relating to the court system or the judicial branch of government.

judicial police n
police judiciaire
A type of police structure reporting to the judiciary in some countries.

judicialization n
judiciarisation

judicialize v
judiciariser

judicious /dʒuˈdɪʃ.əs/ more judicious most judicious adj
judicieux
Having, characterized by, or done with good judgment or sound thinking.

judiciously more judiciously most judiciously adv
judicieusement
In a judicious manner.

judo /ˈd͡ʒudoʊ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːdəʊ/ n
judo
A Japanese martial art and sport adapted from jujutsu.

judoka /d͡ʒuːˈdəʊkə/ judoka judokas n
judoka judokate
(judo) A practitioner of the Japanese martial art of judo.

jug /d͡ʒʌɡ/ jugs n
cruche pichet carafe
A serving vessel or container, typically circular in cross-section and typically higher than it is wide, with a relatively small mouth or spout, an ear handle and often a stopper or top.

juggernaut /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.ə.nɔːt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.ɚ.nɑt/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.ɚ.nɔt/ juggernauts n
rouleau compresseur
A literal or metaphorical force or object regarded as unstoppable, that will crush all in its path.

juggle /ˈd͡ʒʌɡəl/ v
jongler
To manipulate objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner. Juggling may also include assorted other circus skills such as the diabolo, devil sticks, hat, and cigar box manipulation as well.
To handle or manage many tasks at once.

juggler /ˈd͡ʒʌɡl̩ə(ɹ)/ jugglers n
jongleur jongleuse
A person who practices juggling.

juggling /ˈd͡ʒʌɡlɪŋ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡəlɪŋ/ jugglings n
jonglerie jonglage
The art of moving objects, such as balls, clubs, beanbags, rings, etc. in an artful or artistic manner.

jugular /ˈd͡ʒu.ɡjəl.ɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jəl.ɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.jʊl.ə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.lɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌɡ.əl.ɚ/ adj
jugulaire
(anatomy, relational) Relating to, or located near, the neck or throat.

jugular vein jugular veins n
jugulaire
(anatomy) Any of several veins on each side of the neck, which drain the brain, face and neck of deoxygenated blood.

juice /d͡ʒ(j)us/ /d͡ʒ(j)uːs/ /d͡ʒuːs/ /d͡ʒɪʊ̯s/ juices n
jus
(uncountable) A liquid from a plant, especially fruit.
(countable) A beverage made of juice.
(uncountable, slang) Liquor.
(uncountable, slang) Vitality, strength.
(uncountable, slang) Political power.
(uncountable, slang) Petrol; gasoline.
(uncountable, slang) Electricity.
(uncountable, slang, bodybuilding) Steroids.
(uncountable, slang, vulgar, sex) Semen.
suc jus
(uncountable) Any liquid resembling juice.

juice /d͡ʒ(j)us/ /d͡ʒ(j)uːs/ /d͡ʒuːs/ /d͡ʒɪʊ̯s/ v
juter
(transitive) To extract the juice from something.

juice box juice boxes n
brique de jus (de fruit)
(US, Canada) A small carton of fruit juice with an attached plastic straw.

juice jacking n
juice jacking
(computing, technology) The act of stealing information from mobile devices by placing a data-stealing device that appears to be a charging station in a place where passers-by are likely to plug their devices into it.

juicer /ˈd͡ʒusɚ/ juicers n
presse-agrumes
A manual or electrical device used for rendering the juice of fruits or vegetables.

juicy /ˈd͡ʒuːsi/ juicier juiciest adj
juteux
Having lots of juice.
croustillant juteux
(of a story, etc.) Exciting; titillating.

jujitsu /ˌd͡ʒuːˈd͡ʒɪtsuː/ jujitsus n
jujitsu
A method of self-defence established in Japan emphasizing “jū” (soft or gentle) “jutsu” (art or technique). Japanese martial art that utilizes a large variety of techniques in defense against an opponent.

jujube /ˈd͡ʒuː.d͡ʒuː.biː/ /ˈd͡ʒuː.d͡ʒuːb/ jujubes n
jujube jujubier
A fruit-bearing tree, Ziziphus jujuba or Ziziphus zizyphus.

jukebox /ˈd͡ʒukbɑks/ /ˈd͡ʒuːkbɒks/ jukeboxes n
juke-box
A coin-operated machine that plays recorded music; it has push-buttons to make selections. [from 1939]

julienne /ˌdʒuːliˈɛn/ /ˌʒuːliˈɛn/ juliennes n
julienne
(cooking) A garnish of vegetables cut into long, thin strips.

jumble /d͡ʒʌmbəl/ v
mélanger
(transitive) To mix or confuse.

jumble sale jumble sales n
brocante
(British) A sale of used goods by individuals operating tables or stalls, usually held indoors and open to the public.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] jumps n
saut
An instance of causing oneself to fall from an elevated location.
(mathematics) A discontinuity in the graph of a function, where the function is continuous in a punctured interval of the discontinuity.

jump /d͡ʒʌmp/ [d͡ʒɐm̥p] v
sauter
(intransitive) To propel oneself rapidly upward, downward and/or in any horizontal direction such that momentum causes the body to become airborne.
(intransitive) To cause oneself to leave an elevated location and fall downward.
(intransitive) To employ a parachute to leave an aircraft or elevated location.
(intransitive) To employ a move in certain board games where one game piece is moved from one legal position to another passing over the position of another piece.
(transitive, slang) To engage in sexual intercourse with (a person).
sursauter
(intransitive) To react to a sudden, often unexpected, stimulus (such as a sharp prick or a loud sound) by jerking the body violently.
doubler
(transitive) To move to a position (in a queue/line) that is further forward.

jump cut jump cuts n
coup franche coup sèche
(film) A cinematographic edit in which a single continuous sequential shot of a subject is broken into two parts, with a piece of footage being removed in order to render the effect of jumping forward in time.

jump for joy v
sauter de joie
(idiomatic) To exult, rejoice, or feel elation.

jump on the bandwagon v
prendre le train en marche suivre le mouvement
(idiomatic) To profit from a craze; to join a trend.

jump rope /dʒʌmp ɹəʊp/ jump ropes n
corde à sauter saut saut à la corde
(colloquial) A single jump in this game or activity, counted as a measure of achievement.

jump rope /dʒʌmp ɹəʊp/ v
sauter à la corde
(idiomatic) To repeatedly jump over a rope, the ends of which are held by the jumper or by two others, while the rope is swung under the feet and over the head of the jumper; to play the game of jump rope; to exercise by jumping rope.

jump scare jump scares n
jump scare
(narratology) The technique, typically used in horror films and video games, of having something occur suddenly and without warning to frighten the audience.

jump seat jump seats n
strapontin

jump someone's bones v
sauter
(idiomatic, slang) To have sex with someone.

jump the gun v
faire faux départ
(sports) To begin a race too soon, before the starting gun goes off.
agir hâtivement agir prématurément brûler les étapes devancer l'appel s'emballer
(idiomatic) To act or begin too soon or without due caution.
commettre un [[délit d'initié]]
(idiomatic, finance, investing) To trade securities based on information that is not yet public; to trade on inside information.

jump the queue v
resquiller passer devant tout le monde
To move into a queue ahead of others who have been waiting longer or that have a higher priority; push in.

jump the shark v
sauter le requin
(idiomatic, of a television program or other narrative) To undergo a storyline development which heralds a fundamental and generally disappointing change in direction.

jump to conclusions v
tirer des conclusions hâtives
(idiomatic) To make conclusions before being presented with all the evidence.

jump-start v
pontage ponter
(transitive) To start a motor vehicle by passing an electrical current from a charged battery to the discharged ("dead" or "flat") battery of the vehicle being started, by using booster cables to temporarily connect the two batteries in parallel.

jumper /ˈd͡ʒʊmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpə/ /ˈd͡ʒʌmpɚ/ jumpers n
pull-over pull
(chiefly, British, Australian, New Zealand) A woollen sweater or pullover.
cavalier
A short length of electrical conductor, to make a temporary connection. Also jump wire.

jumper cable jumper cables n
câble de démarrage
(rail, road transport) An electrical cable providing a connection between rail or road vehicles.

jumping spider jumping spiders n
araignée sauteuse
Any of very many spiders, of the family Salticidae, that jump from place to place with the aid of a silk tether.

jumpsuit jumpsuits n
jumpsuit
a one-piece item of clothing originally used by parachutists

jumpy /ˈd͡ʒʌmpi/ jumpier jumpiest adj
nerveux
Nervous and excited.

junction /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkʃən/ junctions n
jonction
The act of joining, or the state of being joined.
A place where two things meet, especially where two roads meet.

juncture /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.tʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃɚ/ junctures n
jonction
A place where things join, a junction.
joncture
(linguistics) The manner of moving (transition) or mode of relationship between two consecutive sounds; a suprasegmental phonemic cue, by which a listener can distinguish between two otherwise identical sequences of sounds that have different meanings.

jungle /ˈd͡ʒʌŋ.ɡ(ə)l/ jungles n
jungle forêt vierge forêt tropicale
A large, undeveloped, humid forest, especially in a tropical region, that is home to many wild plants and animals; a tropical rainforest.
jungle
(colloquial) A place where people behave ruthlessly, unconstrained by law or morality.
(music genre, uncountable) A style of electronic dance music and precursor of drum and bass.

jungle cat jungle cats n
chat de jungle chat des marais chaus
Felis chaus, a medium-sized cat native to Asia.

jungle gym jungle gyms n
cage à poules
(US, Israel) A play structure designed for children to climb on, traditionally constructed as a frame of metal bars as introduced in 1920.

junior /ˈd͡ʒuniɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒuːniə/ more junior most junior adj
jeune junior
(not comparable, often, preceded by a possessive adjective or a possessive form of a noun) Younger.

juniper /ˈd͡ʒunɪpə/ /ˈd͡ʒunɪpɚ/ [ˈd͡ʒunɪ̈pɚ] junipers n
genévrier genièvre
Any shrub or tree of the genus Juniperus of the cypress family, which is characterized by pointed, needle-like leaves and aromatic berry-like cones.

juniper berry juniper berries n
genièvre baie de genièvre
The berrylike female seed cone produced by the various species of junipers.

junk /d͡ʒʌŋk/ n
déchets ordure
Discarded or waste material; rubbish, trash, garbage.
jonque
(nautical) A Chinese sailing vessel.
came
(slang) Any narcotic drug, especially heroin.

junk DNA junk DNAs n
ADN poubelle
(genetics) Any portion of the DNA sequence of a chromosome or a genome with no apparent function.

junk bond junk bonds n
obligation pourrie
(finance) A bond (an instrument of debt) which is considered below "investment grade" due to a significant risk of default by the issuer. The interest rate is higher in order to compensate holders for that risk.

junk food junk foods n
malbouffe junk-food
(informal) Food with little or no nutritional value.

junk mail junk mails n
courrier indésirable pourriel
(post) Any mail or letters that are not welcome or solicited and typically sent in bulk; especially mail of a commercial nature such as advertising circulars and form letters.

junket /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkɪt/ junkets n
banquet fête
A feast or banquet.
ballade excursion troisième mi-temps virée
A pleasure-trip; a journey made for feasting or enjoyment, now especially a trip made ostensibly for business but which entails merrymaking or entertainment.
caillé fromage blanc
A press junket.

junket /ˈd͡ʒʌŋkɪt/ v
banqueter festoyer
(intransitive, dated) To attend a junket; to feast.

junketing junketings n
banquet festin fête
A celebratory feast or banquet.

junkie /ˈd͡ʒʌŋki/ junkies n
accro
(slang, by extension) An enthusiast of something.

junkyard junkyards n
décharge
A place where rubbish is discarded.
casse cour à scrap
A business that sells used metal or items.

junkyard dog junkyard dogs n
chien de la casse
(idiomatic, by extension, hyphenated when used attributively) An animal or person with an especially nasty and combative demeanor.

junta /ˈdʒʊntə/ /ˈdʒʌntə/ /ˈhʊntə/ /ˈhʌntə/ juntas n
junte
The ruling council of a military dictatorship.

juridical /d͡ʒʊˈɹɪdɪkəl/ more juridical most juridical adj
juridique
Pertaining to the law or rule of law, legal; judicial, related to the administration of justice (as to jurisprudence, or to the function of a judge or court).

juridical act juridical acts n
acte juridique
(civil, _, law, Louisiana, Philippines) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.

jurisdiction /d͡ʒɔːɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɔːɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒɝɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒɝɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊəɹɪz-/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪsˈdɪkʃən/ /d͡ʒʊɹɪz-/ jurisdictions n
juridiction
The power, right, or authority to interpret and apply the law.
The limits or territory within which authority may be exercised.

jurisdictionalism jurisdictionalisms n
juridictionnalisme
(politics) A policy of affirming a laical jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical one.

jurisprudence /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˌpɹuːdəns/ /ˌd͡ʒʊəɹɪsˈpɹuːdəns/ jurisprudences n
science du droit
(legal) The theoretical study of law.

jurist /ˈd͡ʒəɹ.ɪst/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹ.ɪst/ jurists n
juriste
(law) An expert of law or someone who researches jurisprudence.

juristic act juristic acts n
acte juridique
(civil, _, law, South Africa) Any conduct by a person intended to create, modify, transfer, preserve, or extinguish a right, obligation, or legal relationship.

juror /ˈd͡ʒɚɚ/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹɔɹ/ /ˈd͡ʒʊəɹəɹ/ jurors n
juré jurée
(legal) A member of a jury.

jury /ˈd͡ʒ(ʊ)ɚ.i/ /ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹi/ [ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹ̠i] adj
de fortune
(nautical) For temporary use; applied to a temporary contrivance.

jury /ˈd͡ʒ(ʊ)ɚ.i/ /ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹi/ [ˈd͡ʒʊə.ɹ̠i] juries n
jury
(law) A group of individuals chosen from the general population to hear and decide a case in a court of law.
A group of judges in a competition.

jury-rig /ˈdʒɛɹ.i ɹɪɡ/ /ˈdʒʊə.ɹi ɹɪɡ/ /ˈdʒʊɹ.i ɹɪɡ/ jury-rigs n
gréement de fortune
(nautical) An improvised rigging.

jury-rig /ˈdʒɛɹ.i ɹɪɡ/ /ˈdʒʊə.ɹi ɹɪɡ/ /ˈdʒʊɹ.i ɹɪɡ/ v
avec sa bite et son couteau
(transitive) To create a makeshift, ad hoc solution from resources at hand.

jury-rigged more jury-rigged most jury-rigged adj
bricolé
Improvised from whatever is available.

jus sanguinis /dʒʌs ˈsæŋɡwɪnɪs/ /juːs-/ n
droit du sang

jussive jussives n
jussif
(grammar, uncountable, and, countable) The jussive mood, a verb inflection used to indicate a command, permission or agreement with a request; an instance of a verb so inflected.

just /d͡ʒəs(t)/ /d͡ʒɛst/ /d͡ʒɪst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ juster justest more just most just adj
juste
Morally right; upright, righteous, equitable; fair.

just /d͡ʒəs(t)/ /d͡ʒɛst/ /d͡ʒɪst/ /d͡ʒʌst/ adv
juste simplement
Only, simply, merely.
venir de juste
Exactly, precisely, perfectly.

just deserts /dʒʌst dəˈzɚts/ /dʒʌst dɪˈzɜːts/ n
dû juste châtiment
(idiomatic) A punishment or reward that is considered to be what the recipient deserved.

just in case /ˌdʒʌst ɪn ˈkeɪs/ conjunction
au cas où par acquit de conscience
(logic) if and only if

just in time adv
juste à temps

just my luck phraseologicalUnit
c'est bien ma chance c'est bien ma veine quelle poisse

just now adv
à l'instant juste avant tout à l’heure
(set phrase) Very close to the present moment; just a moment ago.
tout à l'heure
(Scotland, South Africa, Caribbean) In a little while.

just saying adv
je dis ça, je dis rien
(informal) Used to deflect responsibility for a hurtful remark.

just you wait phraseologicalUnit
tu ne perds rien pour attendre tu vas voir ce que tu vas voir

justice /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ justices n
justice
The state or characteristic of being just or fair.
Judgment and punishment of a party who has allegedly wronged another.
The civil power dealing with law.
Correctness, conforming to reality or rules.
justice équité
The ideal of fairness, impartiality, etc., especially with regard to the punishment of wrongdoing.
juge conseiller
A title given to judges of certain courts; capitalized when placed before a name.

justiciability n
justiciabilité
(legal) The ability (of a subject matter) to be evaluated and resolved by the courts.

justiciable more justiciable most justiciable adj
justiciable
(legal) Of or pertaining to justiciability; able to be evaluated and resolved by the courts; that can be adjudicated.

justifiable more justifiable most justifiable adj
défendable justifiable
That can be justified.

justifiably more justifiably most justifiably adv
à juste titre
in a justifiable manner; with justification

justification /ˌd͡ʒʌstɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ justifications n
justification
(countable) A reason, explanation, or excuse which someone believes provides convincing, morally acceptable support for behavior or for a belief or occurrence.
(typography, uncountable) The alignment of text to the left margin (left justification), the right margin (right justification), or both margins (full justification).

justificatory /d͡ʒəˈstɪ.fə.kəˌtɔ.ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʌs.tɪ.fəˌkeɪ.tə.ɹi/ /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfəˌkeɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
justificateur
providing justification

justified /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪd/ more justified most justified adj
justifié motivé
Having a justification.
justifié
(typography) Of text, arranged on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.

justify /ˈd͡ʒʌstɪfaɪ/ v
justifier
(transitive) To provide an acceptable explanation for.
(transitive) To be a good, acceptable reason for; warrant.
(transitive, typography) To arrange (text) on a page or a computer screen such that the left and right ends of all lines within paragraphs are aligned.

justly /ˈdʒʌstli/ justlier justliest more justly most justly adv
justement
In a just or fair manner; rightfully.

jut /d͡ʒʊt/ /d͡ʒʌt/ v
saillir
(intransitive) To stick out.

jute /d͡ʒuːt/ jutes n
jute
The coarse, strong fiber of the East Indian plants, Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis, used to make mats, paper, gunny cloth etc.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ more juvenile most juvenile adj
juvénile
Young; not fully developed.
Characteristic of youth or immaturity; childish.

juvenile /ˈd͡ʒuːvənaɪl/ /ˈd͡ʒuːvənəl/ juveniles n
adolescent
A prepubescent child.

juvenile delinquency n
délinquance juvénile
(legal) Participation in illegal behaviour by minors.

juvenility /dʒuvəˈnɪlɪti/ juvenilities n
juvénilité
The state or quality of being juvenile.

juvie /ˈd͡ʒuːvi/ juvies n
établissement pénitentiaire pour mineurs
(colloquial) Synonym of juvenile hall (youth detention centre).

juxtalinear more juxtalinear most juxtalinear adj
juxtalinéaire

juxtapose /ˈd͡ʒʌkstəpoʊz/ /ˈd͡ʒʌkstəpəʊz/ v
juxtaposer
(transitive) To place side by side, especially for contrast or comparison.

juxtaposed adj
juxtaposé
Placed side by side often for comparison or contrast.

juxtaposition /ˌd͡ʒʌk.stə.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ juxtapositions n
juxtaposition
The nearness of objects with little or no delimiter.

kBps kBps n
ko/s
(computing) Initialism of kilobytes per second.

kaalgat adj
cul-nu nu-le-cul
(South Africa) stark naked.

kabuki /kəˈbuːki/ n
kabuki
(often, capitalized) A form of Japanese theatre in which elaborately costumed male performers use stylized movements, dances, and songs in order to enact tragedies and comedies.

kabuto /kɑ.bu.toʊ/ /kə.bu.toʊ/ kabuto kabutos n
kabuto
A traditional Japanese military helmet, especially worn by samurai.

kachina /kəˈt͡ʃinə/ kachinas n
Katsina kachina katchina
(Pueblo culture) A vaguely ancestral anthropomorphic spirit being, associated with clouds and rain or personifying the power in the sun, the earth, or corn (among other things).
katchina
(Pueblo culture) A wooden doll, as might be given to a child, which represents such a being.

kaddish /ˈkædɪʃ/ /ˈkɑdɪʃ/ kaddishes kaddishim n
kaddish qaddich
(Judaism) A Jewish prayer of praise to God recited during services, and specifically when mourning the death of a close relative.

kaffir /ˈkæfə/ /ˈkæfɚ/ kaffirs n
cafre
(countable, South Africa, Rhodesia, ethnic slur, offensive, derogatory) A black person. [from 17th c.]

kafir /ˈkɑːfɪə/ /ˈkɑːfɪɹ/ kafirs kuffar n
kafir kâfir
(Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, political) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.

kaftan /ˈkæf.tæn/ /ˈkæf.tən/ kaftans n
caftan cafetan
A long tunic worn in the Eastern Mediterranean.

kailan n
brocoli de Chine gaï lan
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra, a long, blue-green vegetable with thick, glossy stems and leaves typically eaten in Chinese and particularly Cantonese cooking.

kairomone /ˈkaɪɹə(ʊ)məʊn/ /ˈkaɪɹəˌmoʊn/ kairomones n
kairomone
(biochemistry, ecology) Any substance produced by an individual of one species (often an insect) that benefits the recipient which is of a different species but is harmful to the producer. [from 1970]

kaizen /ˈkaɪˌzən/ /ˈkaɪˌzɛn/ kaizens n
kaizen
A Japanese business practice of continuous improvement in performance and productivity.

kakapo /ˈkɑːkəpəʊ/ kakapos n
strigops kakapo
A large flightless parrot, Strigops habroptila, with greenish plumage, that is nocturnal and native to New Zealand.

kaki /ˈkæki/ /ˈkɑːki/ kakis n
kaki plaqueminier
a persimmon, more specifically the Japanese persimmon (Diospyros kaki).

kakistocracy /kakɪsˈtɒkɹəsɪ/ /kakɪˈstɒ-/ /kækɪsˈtɑkɹəsi/ /kækɪˈstɑ-/ kakistocracies n
kakistocratie
(political science) Government under the control of a nation's worst or least-qualified citizens. [from 1829.]

kakuro /kɑˈkʊɹoʊ/ /ˌkɑːˈkʊəɹəʊ/ kakuros n
kakuro
(games) A type of number puzzle, similar to a crossword but with numbers. Each "clue" is the sum of the digits to be placed in its group of squares, and no digit can be repeated within a group.

kala namak /ˈkælə næmək/ /ˈkɑːlə nʌmək/ n
sel noir
A kind of rock salt with a pungent flavour used in Indian cuisine.

kalach kalaches kalachi n
kalatch
Traditional East Slavic bread shaped like a padlock or various kinds of wheels. Other Slavic nations have similar but not identical types of pastry, e.g. Czech or Slovak koláč/koláč, Polish kołacz, Bulgarian колач, Serbo-Croatian колач/kolač, etc.

kale /keɪl/ kales n
chou frisé
An edible plant, similar to cabbage, with curled leaves that do not form a dense head (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

kaleidoscope /kəˈlaɪdəskəʊp/ /kəˈlaɪdəˌskoʊp/ kaleidoscopes n
kaléidoscope caléidoscope
An instrument consisting of a tube containing mirrors and loose, colourful beads or other objects; when the tube is looked into and rotated, a succession of symmetrical designs can be seen. [from 1817]

kaletez n
galette de sarrasin
A type of thin buckwheat pancake in Breton cuisine.

kalokagathia /ˌka.loʊ.kə.ˈɡeɪ.θi.ə/ n
kalokagathie
(philosophy) A Platonic teaching consisting of the harmonious combination of bodily, moral and spiritual virtues.

kamichi kamichis n
kamichi
A South American bird with a long, slender, horn-like ornament on its head and two sharp spurs on each wing, the horned screamer, Anhima cornuta.

kamikaze /kɑː.mɪˈkɑː.zeɪ/ /ˌkæ.mɪˈkɑː.zi/ kamikazes n
kamikaze
One who carries out a suicide attack, especially with an aircraft.
A vehicle used for a suicide attack, especially an aircraft.

kamikaze /kɑː.mɪˈkɑː.zeɪ/ /ˌkæ.mɪˈkɑː.zi/ v
kamikazer
(transitive) To destroy (a ship, etc.) in a suicide attack, especially by crashing an aircraft.

kamikaze drone kamikaze drones n
drone kamikaze
(military, informal) A drone vehicle that attacks targets by crashing into them and exploding.

kana /ˈkɑːnə/ [ˈkʰɑːnə] kana kanas n
kana
The hiragana and katakana syllabaries. These are made up of characters that represent individual syllables, which are used to write Japanese words and particles. Kana are derived from kanji.

kangaroo /kæŋ.ɡə.ˈɹuː/ kangaroos n
kangourou
A member of the Macropodidae family of large marsupials with strong hind legs for hopping, native to Australia. [from 18th c.]

kangaroo court /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹu ˈkɔɹt/ /ˌkæŋɡəˌɹuː ˈkɔːt/ kangaroo courts n
tribunal fantoche tribunal illégal tribunal improvisé tribunal irrégulier tribunal populaire
(originally, US, idiomatic) A judicial or quasi-judicial proceeding, or a group of people which conducts such proceedings, which is without proper authority, and often acts abusively or decides unjustly. [from mid 19th c.]

kanji /ˈkaːnd͡ʒi/ /ˈkænd͡ʒi/ /ˈkɑnd͡ʒi/ kanji kanjis n
kanji
Any individual Chinese character as used in the Japanese language.

kaoliang kaoliangs n
kaoliang
A sorghum-based variety of baijiu.
Any of various Chinese varieties of sorghum.

kaolin /ˈkeɪ.ə.lɪn/ kaolins n
kaolin
A fine clay, rich in kaolinite, used in ceramics, paper-making, etc.

kaolinite kaolinites n
kaolinite
(mineral) A common hydrous aluminosilicate mineral found in sediments, soils and sedimentary rocks, Al2Si2O5(OH)4; one of the kaolin group of minerals.

kaon /ˈkeɪˌɑn/ kaons n
kaon
(particle) any of four unstable subatomic particles, mesons, they are a combination of a strange quark or antiquark and either an up or down quark or antiquark

kaonic adj
kaonique
(physics) Of, or pertaining to, kaons.

kaph /kæf/ /kɑːf/ kaphs n
kaf kaph
The eleventh letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

kapo /ˈkɑpəʊ/ /ˈkɑːpəʊ/ kapos n
kapo
(historical) A prisoner in a Nazi concentration camp who was given food and privileges in return for supervising other prisoners doing forced labor.

kapok tree /ˈkeɪpɒk tɹiː/ /ˈkeɪˌpɑk tɹi/ /ˈkɑːpəʊk tɹiː/ [ˈkɑːpəʊʔ-] kapok trees n
kapokier
fromager
Ceiba pentandra, a tree of the tropical Americas and west-central Africa, with white flowers, cultivated in south-east Asia for its seed fibre.

kappa /ˈkæpə/ kappas n
kappa
The tenth letter of the Greek alphabet.
(Japanese mythology) A tortoise-like demon or imp.

kaput /kəˈpuːt/ /kəˈpʊt/ adj
capout en carafe en panne fini

karaoke /kɑːɹɑːˌokeɪ/ /kɑːɹɑːˌokɛ/ /ˈkæ.ɹiˌəʊ.ki/ /ˈkæ.ɹəˌəʊ.ki/ /ˌkæ.ɹiˈoʊ.ki/ karaokes n
karaoké
(uncountable) A form of entertainment popular in clubs, at parties, etc, in which individual members of the public sing along to pre-recorded instrumental versions of popular songs, the lyrics of which are displayed for the singer on a screen in time with the music.

karat /ˈkæɹ.ət/ karats n
carat
(US) A unit of fineness or concentration of gold equalling 1/24 part of gold in an alloy.

karate /kəˈɹɑ.ɾi/ /kəˈɹɑː.teɪ/ /kəˈɹɑː.ti/ n
karaté
An Okinawan martial art involving primarily punching and kicking, but additionally, advanced throws, arm bars, grappling and all means of fighting.

karate chop karate chops n
coup de karaté
A strike with the bottom side of an open hand

karateka karateka n
karatéka
A practitioner of karate.

karma /ˈkɑɹmə/ [ˈkɑɹ.mə] [ˈkɑː.mə] [ˈkəɾm(ə)] karmas n
karma
(Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism) The sum total of a person's actions, which determine the person's next incarnation in samsara, the cycle of death and rebirth.

karmic /ˈkɑɹmɪk/ adj
karmique
Of or pertaining to karma.

karoshi /kəˈɹəʊʃi/ n
karoshi
Death, such as from heart attack or stroke, brought on by overwork or job-related stress.

karst /kɑɹst/ /kɑːst/ karsts n
karst
(geology) A type of land formation, usually with many caves formed through the dissolving of limestone by underground drainage.

karstological adj
karstologique
of or relating to karstology, the study of karst

karstologist karstologists n
karstologue
Someone who studies karst

karstology n
karstologie
A field within geomorphology, specializing in the study of karst formations.

karyokinesis karyokineses n
caryocinèse karyokinèse
(biology) The process of change that takes place during the division of a cell nucleus at mitosis or meiosis.

karyotype /ˈkaɹɪə(ʊ)taɪp/ karyotypes n
caryotype
(genetics) The observed characteristics (number, type, shape, etc) of the chromosomes of an individual or species.

kasha /ˈkɑʃə/ kashas n
kacha
A porridge made from boiled buckwheat groats, or sometimes from other cereal groats.

kashkaval n
kachkaval

kashrut /ˈkɑːʃɹuːt/ n
cacherout cacheroute kashrout
The Jewish dietary laws, stating which foods are fit to eat (kosher).

kasra kasras n
kasra
In Arabic script, the vowel point for "i", appearing as a small diagonal line placed below a letter ( ⁧ـِ⁩ ) and designating a short i /i/. If the Arabic letter ي immediately follows, it indicates a long ī /iː/.
In a fully vocalised Persian ـِ represents the vowel /e/ and is only used in front of ـی to represent a diphthong, so unmarked دی is /di/ but دِی with the diacritic is /dej/. This usage is different from Arabic.

kasseri n
kasséri
A medium-hard pale yellow cheese of Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey, usually made from unpasteurized sheep milk.

katabasis /kəˈtæbəsɪs/ katabases n
catabase
(by extension, jocular) Any journey downwards or fall.

katabatic wind katabatic winds n
vent catabatique
(climatology) A drainage wind or a fall wind: a wind, such as the bora or Bohemian wind, which moves high density air from a higher elevation down an incline, due to the force of gravity.

katana /kəˈtɑnə/ [kɪ̈ˈtʰɑnə] katana katanas n
katana
A type of Japanese longsword or 日本刀, having a single edge and slight curvature, historically used by samurai and ninja.

kathoey /kæˈtoɪ/ kathoeys n
katoï
A transgender person or person of a third gender assigned male at birth.

katydid /ˈkeɪtiˌdɪd/ katydids n
sauterelle
A relative of grasshoppers and crickets, in the family Tettigoniidae.

kava /kɑː.və/ kavas n
kava kawa
A plant from the South Pacific, Piper methysticum.
An intoxicating beverage made from the kava plant.

kawaii /kɑːwɑːˈiː/ /kəˈwaɪ(.i)/ /kəˈwaɪ.i/ more kawaii most kawaii adj
kawaii kawaï
(chiefly, in the context of Japanese culture, ACG) Cute, adorable.

kawaiiness n
kawaiité kawaïté
(chiefly, in the context of Japanese culture) The quality of being kawaii; cuteness.

kay /ˈkeɪ/ kays n
ka
The name of the Latin-script letter K.

kayak /ˈkaɪˌæk/ kayaks n
kayak
A type of small boat, covered over by a surface deck, powered by the occupant or occupants using a double-bladed paddle in a sitting position, from a hole in the surface deck

kayak /ˈkaɪˌæk/ v
kayaker
(intransitive) To use a kayak, to travel or race in a kayak.

kayaker kayakers n
kayakeur kayakiste
One who kayaks.

kaymak n
kaïmac
A creamy dairy product, similar to clotted cream, made in the Balkans, Turkey, the Middle East, Central Asia, Iran, Afghanistan, and India. It is made from the milk of water buffalos in the East or of cows in the West.

kaymakam /kʌɪməˈkɑːm/ kaymakams n
caïmakam
A lieutenant or deputy in various Turkish contexts, particularly

kazoo /kə.ˈzuː/ kazoos n
gazou kazoo kazou
(musical instrument) A simple musical instrument (a membranophone) consisting of a pipe with a hole in it, producing a buzzing sound when the player hums into it.

kea /kɪə/ /ˈkeɪə/ /ˈkiːə/ kea keas n
kéa
Nestor notabilis, a parrot of New Zealand.

kebab /kəˈbæb/ /kɪˈbæb/ /kɪˈbɑb/ /kɪˈbɑːb/ kebabs n
kébab kebab kebap
(British) A dish of pieces of meat, fish, or vegetables roasted on a skewer or spit, especially a doner kebab.

kedge /kɛd͡ʒ/ kedges n
ancre à jet
(nautical) A small anchor used for warping a vessel.

kedge /kɛd͡ʒ/ v
se touer touer
(intransitive, of a vessel) To move with the help of a kedge, as described above.

keel /kiːl/ keels n
quille
(nautical) A large beam along the underside of a ship’s hull from bow to stern.
(nautical) A rigid, flat piece of material anchored to the lowest part of the hull of a ship to give it greater control and stability.

keel over /ˈkil ˈoʊvɚ/ /ˈkiːl ˈəʊvə(ɹ)/ v
chavirer se renverser se retourner
(intransitive, nautical, also, _, figuratively) Of a vessel: to roll so far on its side that it cannot recover; to capsize or turn turtle.
tomber dans les pommes
(intransitive, idiomatic) To collapse in a faint; to black out, to swoon.

keelboat keelboats n
quillard
(sailing) Any sailboat having a keel (as opposed to a centerboard or daggerboard).

keelhaul /ˈkiːlhɔl/ /ˈkiːlhɔːl/ v
donner la cale
(transitive, nautical) To punish by dragging under the keel of a ship.

keelson keelsons n
carlingue
(nautical) A longitudinal beam fastened on top of the keel of a vessel for strength and stiffness. [from c. 1611]

keep /kiːp/ [kʰip̚] keeps n
donjon
(historical) The main tower of a castle or fortress, located within the castle walls.

keep /kiːp/ [kʰip̚] v
garder
To continue in (a course or mode of action); to not intermit or fall from; to uphold or maintain.
(ditransitive) To maintain the condition of; to preserve in a certain state.
conserver
To remain edible or otherwise usable.
garder conserver observer continuer empêcher
(transitive) To observe; to adhere to; to fulfill; to not swerve from or violate.

keep a low profile v
faire profil bas se tenir à carreau
(idiomatic) Be quiet and discreet.

keep an eye on v
avoir à l’œil guetter ne pas quitter des yeux épier
(idiomatic) To watch and pay attention to, in case of misbehaviour or mishap.

keep an eye out v
être attentif être vigilant
(idiomatic) To watch for or look out for.

keep back v
retenir
(transitive) To restrict or restrain.

keep going v
continuer de fonctionner
(intransitive) To continue functioning.
continuer de faire
(transitive) To proceed; to make progress, physically or figuratively.

keep it simple, stupid phraseologicalUnit
pourquoi faire compliqué quand on peut faire simple

keep it up v
tenir
(idiomatic) To maintain or continue a positive streak.

keep one's cards close to one's chest v
cacher son jeu

keep one's cool v
garder son sang-froid garder son calme
(idiomatic) To remain composed, calm, and even-tempered, especially in a provocative situation.

keep one's eyes peeled v
être attentif être sur ses gardes être vigilant
(intransitive, idiomatic, (with "for")) To be on the alert, to be watchful.

keep one's guard up v
rester sur ses gardes

keep one's head above water v
garder la tête hors de l'eau
(idiomatic) To survive or endure, especially in a situation in which one is struggling to avoid being overwhelmed by adverse financial circumstances.

keep one's lips sealed v
ne rien dire se taire
(idiomatic) To keep quiet; to keep a secret; to not tell.

keep one's options open v
réserver sa décision

keep one's side of the bargain v
honorer sa part du contrat
To fulfill a commitment as part of keeping to an agreement.

keep one's word v
tenir parole
Do what one has said one will do.

keep quiet v
garder le silence se taire
To remain silent.

keep someone company v
tenir compagnie
(idiomatic) To remain with or accompany someone, especially to make them feel more comfortable with a certain situation.

keep someone posted v
tenir quelqu'un au courant
(idiomatic) To inform (someone) regularly of the latest developments.

keep the change phraseologicalUnit
gardez la monnaie
An instruction to a taxi driver, waiter etc. to keep the change from the amount handed over as a tip.

keep the wolf from the door v
être à l'abri du besoin
(idiomatic) To ward off poverty or hunger.

keep track v
garder un suivi
To monitor; to track or record; to understand or follow.

keep up v
conserver maintenir
(transitive) To maintain; to preserve; to prevent from deteriorating or falling.
continuer maintenir
(transitive, idiomatic) To continue with (work, etc).

keep up appearances v
sauver les apparences
(idiomatic) To pretend to be all right or that everything is going well; to maintain an appearance of wealth, comfort, or propriety.

keep up with v
aller de pair avec
To manage to remain beside or just behind someone or something that is moving away from one.

keeper /ˈkiːpə/ /ˈkiːpɚ/ keepers n
gardien conservateur gardienne conservatrice perle
A person charged with guarding or caring for, storing, or maintaining something; a custodian, a guard; sometimes a gamekeeper.
gardien de but gardienne de but
(sports) The player charged with guarding a goal or wicket. Short form of goalkeeper, wicketkeeper.
arrêtoir gâche
A part of a mechanism that catches or retains another part, for example the part of a door lock that fits in the frame and receives the bolt.

keepsake /ˈkiːp.seɪk/ keepsakes n
souvenir
Some object given by a person and retained in memory of something or someone; something kept for sentimental or nostalgic reasons.

keffiyeh /kəˈfiː(j)ə/ keffiyehs n
keffieh kéfié
A headdress traditionally worn by some Arabs, also used as a scarf.

kefir /kəˈfɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkiːfə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛfə(ɹ)/ kefirs n
kéfir
A fermented milk drink from the Caucasus and Eastern Europe, similar to yogurt but more liquid.

keg /keɪɡ/ /kæɡ/ /kɛɡ/ kegs n
baril tonnelet
A round, traditionally wooden container of lesser capacity than a barrel, often used to store beer.

keiki /ˈkeɪ.ki/ keikis n
keiki
(horticulture) young plant in orchids that develops on the shoot in place of flower after flowering

keister keisters n
derrière
(slang) The anus or buttocks.

kek /kɛk/ interjection
mdr
(Internet slang, video games) Used to indicate laughter or humour.

kelp /kɛlp/ kelps n
kelp laminaire goémon varech
Any of several large brown algae seaweeds (order Laminariales).

kelp forest kelp forests n
forêt de kelp

kelpie kelpies n
kelpie
(Celtic mythology) A malevolent shapeshifting spirit, most often in the form of a horse, believed to haunt the rivers and lochs of Scotland.
australian kelpie
An Australian breed of sheepdog.

kelvin /ˈkɛlvən/ [ˈkʰɛɫvɨn] kelvin kelvins n
kelvin
In the International System of Units, the base unit of thermodynamic temperature; 1⁄273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water. Shown as "K".

kenaf n
kénaf
Hibiscus cannabinus, an annual or biennial herbaceous plant found mainly in Asia.

kendhang kendhang kendhangs n
kendang
A drum used in gamelan music.

kendo n
kendo
A Japanese martial art using "swords" of split bamboo.

kennel /ˈkɛ.nəl/ kennels n
niche
A house or shelter for a dog.
chenil
A facility at which dogs are reared or boarded.

kepi /ˈkɛpi/ kepis n
képi
A cap with a flat circular top and a visor, particularly associated with French uniforms.

kept woman kept women n
femme entretenue
A woman who is supported financially by a lover (usually a married man).

keratin /ˈkɛrətɪn/ keratins n
kératine
(protein) The protein of which hair and nails are composed.

keratitis keratitides keratitises n
kératite
(disease) Inflammation of the cornea.

kerato- prefix
kérato-

keratoconjunctivitis n
kératoconjonctivite
(pathology) An inflammation of the cornea and the conjunctiva.

keratoconus n
kératocône
(pathology) A degenerative non-inflammatory disorder of the eye in which structural changes within the cornea cause it to thin and change to a more conical shape than its normal even curve

keratophyre keratophyres n
kératophyre
(petrography) A compact porphyritic rock composed of alkali-feldspars and diopside, and possibly including quartz.

keratosis /ˌkɛɹəˈtoʊsɪs/ /ˌkɛɹəˈtəʊsɪs/ keratoses n
kératose
(medicine) The condition of having keratin growing on the skin.

keraunophobia n
astraphobie

kerb /kɜːb/ /kɝb/ kerbs n
bordure bordure du trottoir
(British, AU, NZ) The raised edge between the pavement and the roadway, typically made of concrete though originally consisting of a line of kerbstones.

kerchief /ˈkɜː.tʃiːf/ /ˈkɜː.tʃɪf/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃif/ /ˈkɝ.t͡ʃɪf/ kerchiefs kerchieves n
foulard fichu
(dated) A piece of cloth used to cover the head; a bandana.

kerf /kɜː(ɹ)f/ kerfs n
voie
The distance between diverging saw teeth.

kerfuffle /kəˈfʌfəl/ /kɚˈfʌfəl/ kerfuffles n
brouhaha désordre tumulte
(chiefly, Commonwealth, informal) A disorderly outburst, disturbance, commotion, or tumult. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

kermes oak kermes oaks n
chêne des garrigues
An oak, Quercus coccifera, native to the western Mediterranean region and growing 1-6 meters tall.

kernel /ˈkɜːnəl/ /ˈkɝnəl/ kernels n
cœur fond
The core, center, or essence of an object or system.
cerneau amande
(botany) The central (usually edible) part of a nut, especially once the hard shell has been removed.
grain
(botany) A single seed or grain, especially of corn or wheat.
noyau
(botany, US) The stone of certain fruits, such as peaches or plums.
(computing) The central part of many computer operating systems which manages the system's resources and the communication between hardware and software components.
(mathematics, linear algebra, group theory, functional analysis) For a given function (especially a linear transformation between vector spaces or homomorphism between groups), the set of elements in the domain which are mapped to zero; (formally) given f : X → Y, the set {x ∈ X : f(x) = 0}.

kernel of truth kernels of truth n
fond de vérité part de vérité

kerning /ˈkɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈkɝnɪŋ/ kernings n
crénage
(typography) The adjustment of the horizontal space between selected pairs of glyphs in a typeface.

kerosene /ˈkɛɹəsiːn/ kerosenes n
kérosène
A thin colorless, blue- or straw-colored petroleum-based fuel heavier than gasoline/petrol or naptha but lighter than diesel, used primarily as jet fuel but also for heating and lighting in some remote or impoverished areas.

kerplunk /kə(ɹ)ˈplʌŋk/ /kəˈplʌŋk/ interjection
patatras
Used to indicate a thudding sound.

kerygma /kəˈɹɪɡ.mə/ kerygmas kerygmata n
kérygme
The Apostolic proclamation of religious truths; the core teachings of Christianity taught by the early Church.

kestrel /ˈkɛstɹəl/ kestrels n
crécerelle cristel
Any of various small falcons of the genus Falco that hover while hunting.
faucon crécerelle crécerelle
The common kestrel, Falco tinnunculus.

ketchup /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.əp/ /ˈkɛt͡ʃ.ʌp/ ketchups n
ketchup
(uncountable, chiefly, US, Canada, UK) Ellipsis of tomato ketchup. A tomato-vinegar-based sauce, sometimes containing spices, onion or garlic, and (especially in the US) sweeteners.

ketogenic /ˌkiːtəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ more ketogenic most ketogenic adj
cétogénique
(biochemistry) Relating to ketogenesis.

ketohexose ketohexoses n
cétohexose
(carbohydrate) Any hexose containing a ketone group.

ketone /ˈkiːtəʊn/ ketones n
cétone
(organic compound) A homologous series of organic molecules whose functional group is an oxygen atom joined to a carbon atom—by a double bond—in a carbon-hydrogen based molecule.

ketose ketoses n
cétose
(carbohydrate) A saccharide containing a ketone functional group.

kettle /ˈkɛ.təl/ /ˈkɪtəl/ [ˈkʰɛtᵊɫ̩] [ˈkʰɛɾɫ̩] kettles n
bouilloire
A vessel for boiling a liquid or cooking food, usually metal and equipped with a lid.

kettle /ˈkɛ.təl/ /ˈkɪtəl/ [ˈkʰɛtᵊɫ̩] [ˈkʰɛɾɫ̩] v
nasser
(originally, British, of the police) To contain demonstrators in a confined area.

kettle of fish kettles of fish n
autre paire de manches
(idiomatic) A situation recognized as different from or as an alternative to some other situation.

kettlebell kettlebells n
girevoy
A weight consisting of a cast iron ball with a single handle for gripping the weight during exercise.

kettledrum kettledrums n
timbale
(musical instruments) A large percussion instrument with a drumhead that is stretched over a hemispherical metal bowl.

kettling n
nasse
A crowd control technique, used by police, where a hostile group of protesters or rioters are surrounded and not allowed to disperse, sometimes with the use of temporary fencing to corral and isolate portions of the group.

kevlar /ˈkɛvlɑɹ/ /ˈkɛvlɑː/ kevlars n
kevlar

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] more key most key adj
clé clef
Indispensable, supremely important.
clé
Important, salient.

key /ki/ /kiː/ [cʰi̞i̯] [kʲʰi̞i̯] keys n
clé clef
An object designed to open and close a lock.
A crucial step or requirement.
In musical instruments, one of the valve levers used to select notes, such as a lever opening a hole on a woodwind.
(historical) A manual electrical switching device primarily used for the transmission of Morse code.
(cryptography) A piece of information (e.g., a password or passphrase) used to encode or decode a message or messages.
(databases) In a relational database, a field used as an index into another table (not necessarily unique).
(computing) A value that uniquely identifies an entry in a container.
(biology) A series of logically organized groups of discriminating information which aims to allow the user to correctly identify a taxon.
caye
One of a string of small islands.
légende clef
A guide explaining the symbols or terminology of a map or chart; a legend.
touche
(computing) One of several small, usually square buttons on a typewriter or computer keyboard, mostly corresponding to text characters.
touche clé clef
In instruments with a keyboard such as an organ or piano, one of the levers, or especially the exposed front end of it, which are depressed to cause a particular sound or note to be produced.
touche clé clef tonalité
(music) A scale or group of pitches constituting the basis of a musical composition.

key exchange key exchanges n
échange de clés
(cryptography) An exchange of peers' keys at the initialization phase of connection.

key performance indicator key performance indicators n
indicateur clé de performance
(management) A financial or non-financial metric used to help an organization define and measure progress towards its goals.

key signature key signatures n
armure armature
(music) An indication of the key of a composition, giving the number of sharps or flats in the corresponding scale.

key to the city keys to the city n
clé de la ville clés de la ville

keyboard /ˈki.bɔɹd/ /ˈkiː.bɔːd/ keyboards n
clavier
(computing, etc.) A set of keys used to operate a typewriter, computer etc.
(music) A component of many instruments including the piano, organ, and harpsichord consisting of usually black and white keys that cause different tones to be produced when struck.
clavier électronique clavier
(music) A device with keys of a musical keyboard, used to control electronic sound-producing devices which may be built into or separate from the keyboard device.

keyboard shortcut keyboard shortcuts n
raccourci clavier
(computing) A key, or more usually a combination of keys, on the keyboard of a personal computer that activates a specific, predefined function.

keyboardist keyboardists n
claviériste
Someone who plays a keyboard.

keychain /ˈkiːˌt͡ʃeɪn/ keychains n
porte-clef porte-clé
An ornamental piece holding such a chain or ring.

keyframe keyframes n
image clé
A single frame in an animation sequence drawn by an artist, between which others are tweened.
(computer graphics) A complete video frame, used as a reference for subsequent interframes in video compression.

keyhole /ˈkiˌhoʊl/ keyholes n
trou de la serrure trou de serrure
Any small opening resembling the hole for a key in shape or function; especially, one that gives a vista of, or access to, a space beyond.

keyhole saw keyhole saws n
scie à guichet
A narrow, slender saw, used in cutting keyholes, etc.

keynoter keynoters n
orateur principal
A speaker who delivers the keynote speech of a conference.

keyring keyrings n
porte-clé
A ring, normally of metal or plastic, for holding keys together.

keyspace keyspaces n
espace de clés
(database) A NoSQL object that includes column families.

keystone /ˈkiː.stəʊn/ keystones n
clef de voûte claveau clef d'arc clé d'arc clé de voute
(architecture) The top stone of an arch.
clef de voûte
Something on which other things depend for support.

keystroke keystrokes n
frappe d'une touche
The act of pressing an input key; a keypress on a computer keyboard or a typewriter, or a similar input device.

keyword /ˈki.wɝd/ /ˈkiː.wɜːd/ keywords n
mot-clé
(cryptography) Any word#Noun used as the key to a code.

keywork n
clétage
(music) Collectively, the mechanisms of a woodwind musical instrument such as a flute or clarinet that support the operation of its keys.

khachapuri /hɑːtʃəˈpuːɹi/ /hɑːt͡ʃəˈpuɹi/ khachapuris n
khatchapouri
A cheese pastry from the country of Georgia in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

khachkar /hɑt͡ʃˈkɑɹ/ khachkars n
khatchkar
An Armenian carved memorial stone.

khagan khagans n
grand khan khagan
A khan of khans, a ruler of a khaganate; (the holder of) an imperial rank used among certain Turkic and Mongolian peoples, equal in status to an emperor.

khan /kɑːn/ khans n
khan kan
(historical) A ruler over various Turkic and Mongol peoples in the Middle Ages.

khanate /ˈkɑːneɪt/ khanates n
kanat khanat
A region or place ruled by a khan.

khanjar /ˈkand͡ʒə/ khanjars n
kandjar
A kind of dagger used in certain Arabian countries.

khat /kɑːt/ khats n
khat qat
A shrub, Catha edulis, whose leaves are used as a mild stimulant when chewed or brewed as tea; also a drug produced from this plant.

khedive /kəˈdiːv/ khedives n
khédive
The title of the hereditary monarch of Egypt from 1805–1914, nominally ruling as a viceroy of the Sultan of Turkey.

khene /kɛːn/ khenes n
khên
(musical instrument) A traditional musical instrument of Laos, being a type of bamboo mouth organ.

kholop /kəˈloʊp/ kholops kholopy n
kholop
(historical) A feudally dependent person in Russia between the 10th and early 18th centuries.

khorovod khorovods n
khorovod ronde
a Slavic art form, a combination of a circle dance and chorus singing, similar to chorea of ancient Greece, also in Romania (horă)

khural khurals n
khoural
parliament or national congress in Mongolia; also in Buryatia, Kalmykia or Tyva (in Russia)

khutor /ˈkuːtɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈxuːtɔː(ɹ)/ khutora khutors n
khoutor
A single-homestead rural settlement of Eastern Europe.

khuushuur n
khuushuur
A Mongolian dish of fried dumplings filled with minced meat and seasoning.

kiang /kiˈæŋ/ /kiˈɑŋ/ kiangs n
kiang
A large wild ass, Equus kiang, native to the Tibetan Plateau.

kibbeh /ˈkɪbi/ kibbehs n
kebbé kibbé
A form of dumpling, from the Levant, made of spiced lamb and bulgur wheat.

kibble /ˈkɪbəl/ kibbles n
croquette
Any artificial animal feed in pellet form.

kibble /ˈkɪbəl/ v
concasser
To grind coarsely.

kibbutz /kɪˈbuːts/ /kɪˈbʊts/ kibbutzes kibbutzim n
kibboutz
A community, usually an agricultural one in Israel, based on a high level of social and economical sharing, equality, direct democracy and tight social relations.

kibbutznik kibbutznikim kibbutzniks n
kibboutznik
A member of a kibbutz.

kibibyte /ˈkɪbɪˌbaɪt/ kibibytes n
kibioctet
(computing) Strictly, 210 (1,024) bytes, as opposed to a kilobyte.

kibitka /kɪˈbɪtkə/ kibitkas n
kibitka
A Russian type of telega or sleigh with a (usually rounded) cover over the passenger seats.

kibosh /kaɪˈbɑʃ/ /kɪ-/ /kɪˈbɑʃ/ /ˈkaɪˌbɑʃ/ /ˈkaɪˌbɒʃ/ n
holà
(slang) Chiefly in put on the kibosh or put the kibosh on: something which checks or restrains.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] kicks n
coup de pied botter
A hit or strike with the leg, foot or knee.

kick /kɪk/ [kʰɪk] v
botter donner un coup de pied à
(transitive) To strike or hit with the foot or other extremity of the leg.
kicker
(intransitive, Internet) To forcibly remove a participant from an online activity.
s'en mordre les doigts
(reflexive, informal) To reproach oneself for making a mistake or missing an opportunity.

kick around v
trainer
(usually in the present continuous) To wander loose; to float around; to hang around.

kick ass /kɪk æs/ [kʰɪk æs] v
cartonner déchirer
(stative, idiomatic, US, Canada, colloquial, vulgar) To be very impressive.
botter le cul défoncer tabasser
(informal, vulgar, ambitransitive) To beat to a pulp; beat up

kick in the pants kicks in the pants n
coup de pied au cul coup de pied au derrière
(informal) A forceful reminder to start or get going.

kick into touch v
botter en touche
(UK, sports) To kick a ball over the touchline in a game of rugby, often to avoid pressure from the opponent team in a difficult situation, to end injury time or to gain territory.
botter en touche noyer le poisson
(UK, Ireland, idiomatic) To evade an issue; to stop from happening.

kick off v
barder craquer dégénérer
(intransitive, UK, idiomatic, colloquial) To be overcome with anger, to start an argument or a fight.

kick out v
mettre à la porte foutre dehors
(idiomatic) To eject, dismiss, expel, or forcefully remove (someone or something).

kick over the traces v
ruer dans les brancards

kick someone when they are down v
frapper un ennemi à terre
(idiomatic) To make things worse for someone who is going through a difficult time.

kick start kick starts n
démarreur au pied pédale de mise en marche
A metal bar on a motorcycle used to start its engine.
démarrage au kick
An act of starting a motorcycle by quickly depressing the kick start with one's foot.
début en beauté démarrage du bon pied
(figuratively) A fast or strong start; help with starting or beginning well.
coup de fouet relance
An impetus that starts or restarts some process.

kick start v
démarrer au kick
(transitive) To start a motorcycle.
bien commencer commencer en beauté démarrer du bon pied démarrer en beauté
(transitive, figurative) To start or begin strongly or quickly.
relancer
(transitive, figurative) To make (something) active, functional, or productive again; to reinvigorate (an activity, system, or process).

kick the bucket /ˈkɪk ðə ˈbʌkɪt/ v
passer l'arme à gauche casser sa pipe
(idiomatic, euphemistic, colloquial, humorous) To die.

kick the can down the road v
pelleter par en avant

kick wheel kick wheels n
tour de potier
(ceramics) A wheel or disc used to throw pots, turned by kicking or pushing a heavy stone or concrete base with the foot.

kick-off kick-offs n
coup d'envoi lancement
(football, American football) The opening kick of each half of a game of football.
lancement
(by extension) The opening sequence of any event.
(music) The opening sequence of notes in a song, usually played by the song's main instrument, to indicate the beginning of the song.

kickback /ˈkɪkbæk/ kickbacks n
rétrocommission
(countable, informal) A covert, often illegal, payment in return for a favor consisting of providing an opportunity of chargeable transaction; a kind of bribe.

kickboxer kickboxers n
kickboxeur kickboxeuse
(martial arts) One who practices the martial art of kickboxing.

kickboxing n
kick-boxing
(martial arts) A hybrid martial art derived from Muay Thai, karate and especially boxing during the 1960s to 1970s; more generally, any stand-up combat sport that combines kicks and punches.

kicker /ˈkɪkə/ /ˈkɪkɚ/ kickers n
blème
(colloquial) An unexpected situation, detail or circumstance, often unpleasant, serving as a punchline or clincher.

kicksled kicksleds n
trottinette des neiges
A type of small sled consisting of a handlebar mounted on a pair of flexible metal runners. The driver stands on the runners and kicks the sled forward with one foot. In front of the handlebar there's often a seat for a passenger.

kickstand kickstands n
béquille
A levered bar that can be folded down from the frame of a bicycle or motorcycle to prop it upright when not being ridden.

kid /kɪd/ kids n
chevreau biquet
A young goat.
(uncountable) The meat of a young goat.
gosse môme bambin gamin
(informal) A child (usually), teenager, or young adult; a juvenile.
gosse flo gamin
(colloquial) An inexperienced person or one in a junior position.

kid /kɪd/ v
charrier faire marcher moquer niaiser
(transitive, colloquial) To make a fool of (someone).
blaguer charrier plaisanter rigoler
(transitive, colloquial) To make a joke with (someone).
blaguer plaisanter rigoler
(intransitive, colloquial) To joke.

kiddo /ˈkɪdoʊ/ kiddoes kiddos n
gamin mec mon pote
(US, Australia, NZ) A close friend; especially used as a form of address.
petit gamin mioche
(US, Australia, NZ) A child.

kiddy fiddler kiddy fiddlers n
pédéraste satyre
(slang, derogatory) A pedophile or a child molester.

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ kidnaps n
enlèvement kidnapping rapt
The crime, or an instance, of kidnapping.

kidnap /ˈkɪdnæp/ v
kidnapper enlever ravir
(transitive) To seize or detain a person unlawfully and move or conceal them; sometimes for ransom.

kidnapper /ˈkɪdnæpɚ/ kidnappers n
ravisseur kidnappeur kidnappeuse ravisseuse
A person who kidnaps someone.

kidnapping kidnappings n
kidnapping enlèvement
(crime) The crime of taking a person against their will, sometimes for ransom.

kidney /ˈkɪdni/ kidneys n
rein rognon
An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.
rognon rein
This organ (of an animal) cooked as food.

kidney bean kidney beans n
haricot rouge
A common bean of a cultivar of (Phaseolus vulgaris), with a dark-red skin.

kidney stone kidney stones n
calcul rénal
(medicine) A calculus in the kidney.

kidney vetch kidney vetches n
anthyllide
Anthyllis vulneraria, a medical plant in the pea family.

kidult kidults n
adulescent
(informal, marketing, sociology) An adult who participates in youth culture and activities traditionally intended for children.

kidulthood n
adulescence
(rare) The state or condition of being a kidult.

kielbasa /kilˈbɑsə/ /kiːlˈbasə/ /kɪ(l)ˈbɑsə/ /ˈkubəsɑ/ kielbasas kielbasy n
kielbasa saucisse polonaise
A spicy, smoked sausage of a particular kind from Eastern Europe.

kieserite kieserites n
kiesérite
(mineral) An evaporite, consisting of hydrated magnesium sulphate

kike /kaɪk/ v
youde youpin youtre
(transitive, offensive, uncommon) To render something more Jewish.

kikimora kikimoras kikimory n
kikimora
(Slavic mythology) a female house spirit in the Slavic mythology

kill /kɪl/ [kʰɪɫ] kills n
assassinat homicide meurtre
The act of killing.
mise à mort mort
Specifically, the death blow.
cadavre victime
The result of killing; that which has been killed.

kill /kɪl/ [kʰɪɫ] v
tuer occire zigouiller buter couiquer descendre
(transitive) To put to death; to extinguish the life of.
arrêter stopper éteindre
(transitive) To render inoperative.
(transitive, figuratively, hyperbole) To cause great pain, discomfort, or distress to; to hurt.
arrêter mettre fin stopper éteindre
(transitive, figuratively) To stop, cease, or render void; to terminate.

kill the fatted calf v
tuer le veau gras
(idiomatic) To begin a festive celebration and rejoicing for someone's long-awaited return.

kill the goose that lays the golden eggs v
tuer la poule aux œufs d'or
(idiomatic) To seek short-term gain at the sacrifice of long-term profit.

kill time v
passer le temps tuer le temps
(informal, intransitive) To engage in an activity whose only purpose is to make the time seem to pass more quickly; to fill the time between activities.

kill two birds with one stone v
faire d'une pierre deux coups
(idiomatic) To solve two problems with one single action.

killable /ˈkɪl.ə.bəl/ more killable most killable adj
tuable
Fit to be killed, especially as a source of food.

killdeer /ˈkɪldɪə/ /ˈkɪldɪɹ/ killdeer killdeers n
pluvier kildir
A North American plover (Charadrius vociferus) with a distinctive cry and territorial behavior that includes feigning injury to attract predators and spare the young in the nest.

killed in action adj
mort au combat mort en service
The designation for a member of an organization (primarily military) who has died while on duty.

killer /ˈkɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪlɚ/ [ˈkʰɪlə(ɹ)] [ˈkʰɪɫlɚ] killers n
tueur assassin meurtrier
One who or that which kills.
fatal mortel
(figuratively) That which causes stress or is extremely difficult, especially that which may cause failure at a task.
(figuratively) Something that is so far ahead of its competition that it effectively kills off that competition.

killer whale killer whales n
orque épaulard

killing /ˈkɪl.ɪŋ/ killings n
meurtre
An instance of someone being killed.

kiln /kɪl(n)/ kilns n
four touraille
An oven or furnace or a heated chamber, for the purpose of hardening, burning, calcining or drying anything; for example, firing ceramics, curing or preserving tobacco, or drying grain.

kilo /ˈkiloʊ/ /ˈkiːləʊ/ kilos n
kilo
(international standards) Alternative letter-case form of Kilo from the NATO/ICAO Phonetic Alphabet.

kilo- prefix
kilo-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1,000. Symbol: k
(computing) Multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 210 (1024)

kilobyte kilobytes n
kilooctet
(computing, especially, _, networking) One thousand (103, or 1,000) bytes.

kilocalorie kilocalories n
grande calorie kilocalorie
A non-SI unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories, used (now rare) in chemistry or physics; equal to 1 calorie as used in nutrition. Symbol kcal.

kilocandela kilocandelas n
kilocandela
(metrology) An SI unit of luminous intensity equal to 103 candelas. Symbol: kcd

kilocycle kilocycles n
kilocycle
(elliptically) A thousand cycles per second; a kilohertz.

kiloelectronvolt kiloelectronvolts n
kiloélectronvolt
(physics) A unit of energy equal to a thousand electron volts

kilogram /ˈkɪləɡɹæm/ kilograms n
kilogramme kilo
In the International System of Units, the base unit of mass; conceived of as the mass of one litre of water, but now defined by taking the fixed numerical value of the Planck constant h to be 6.626 070 15 × 10-34 when expressed in units of kg⋅m2⋅s−1. Symbol: kg

kilohertz kilohertz kilohertzes n
kilohertz
A unit of frequency equal to one thousand cycles per second; one thousand hertz

kilojoule kilojoules n
kilojoule
(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 103 joules. Symbol: kJ

kilometrage kilometrages n
kilométrage millage
The total distance travelled, in kilometres.

kilometre /kəˈlɑmɪtəɹ/ /kɪˈlɒmɪtə/ /ˈkɪləˌmitəɹ/ /ˈkɪləˌmiːtə/ kilometres n
kilomètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 103 metres. Symbol: km

kilometric more kilometric most kilometric adj
kilométrique
Measured in kilometres/kilometers

kiloton /ˈkɪləˌtʌn/ kilotons n
kilotonne
A measure of the strength of an explosion or a bomb based on how many thousand tons of TNT would be needed to produce the same energy.

kilowatt kilowatts n
kilowatt
One thousand (103) watts.

kilowatt-hour kilowatt-hours n
kilowatt-heure kilowattheure
(electricity) A unit of energy equal to that done by one kilowatt acting for one hour.

kilt /kɪlt/ kilts n
kilt
A traditional Scottish garment, usually worn by men, having roughly the same morphology as a wrap-around skirt, with overlapping front aprons and pleated around the sides and back, and usually made of twill-woven worsted wool with a tartan pattern. [from 18th c.]
A variety of non-bifurcated garments made for men and loosely resembling a Scottish kilt, but most often made from different fabrics and not always with tartan plaid designs.

kimchi kimchis n
kimchi
A Korean dish made of vegetables, such as cabbage or radishes, that are salted, seasoned, and stored in sealed containers to undergo lactic acid fermentation.

kimono /kəˈmoʊnoʊ/ /kəˈmoʊnə/ [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯noʊ̯] [kɪ̈ˈmoʊ̯nə] kimono kimonos n
kimono
A traditional Japanese T-shaped, wrapped-front garment with square sleeves and a rectangular body, now generally worn only on formal occasions.

kin /kɪn/ adj
apparenté
Related by blood or marriage, akin. Generally used in "kin to".

kin /kɪn/ kin kins n
parenté proches
One or more relatives, such as siblings or cousins, taken collectively.

kin selection n
sélection de parentèle

kinase /ˈkaɪneɪz/ /ˈkɪneɪz/ kinases n
kinase
(enzyme, organic compound) Any of a group of enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates), in a process termed phosphorylation.

kind /kaɪnd/ kinder kindest adj
gentil gentille
Affectionate.
favorable
Favorable.

kind /kaɪnd/ kinds n
nature
Goods or services used as payment, as e.g. in barter.
sorte genre acabit
(type theory) The type of a type constructor or a higher-order type operator.

kind of adv
en quelque sorte manière plus ou moins quelque peu à peu près
(idiomatic, colloquial) Slightly; somewhat; sort of.

kindergarten /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹd(ə)n/ /ˈkɪndəɹˌɡɑːɹt(ə)n/ /ˈkɪndəˌɡɑːt(ə)n/ [ˈkʰɪn(d)əɹˌɡɑːɹt̬(ə)n] [ˈkʰɪɾ̃əɹˌɡɑːɹʔn̩] kindergartens kindergärten n
maternelle jardin d'enfants école maternelle
(North America, Australia) An educational institution for young children, usually between ages 4 and 6; nursery school. [from 1852]

kindhearted more kindhearted most kindhearted adj
de bon cœur de cœur
Having an innately kind disposition or character.

kindle /ˈkɪn.dəl/ kindles n
portée
(rare, collective) A group of kittens.

kindle /ˈkɪn.dəl/ v
allumer
(transitive) To start (a fire) or light (a torch, a match, coals, etc.).
mettre bas
(intransitive, of a, rabbit, or, hare) To bring forth young; to give birth.
exalter inspirer susciter
(transitive, figuratively) To arouse or inspire (a passion, etc).
(intransitive, figuratively) To begin to grow or take hold.

kindling /ˈkɪnd.lɪŋ/ kindlings n
petit bois
Small pieces of wood and twigs used to start a fire.

kindly /ˈkaɪndli/ kindlier kindliest more kindly most kindly adv
aimablement gentillement gentiment
In a kind manner, out of kindness.
veuillez
Used to make a polite request: please.

kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ /ˈkaɪndnɪs/ kindnesses n
bonté
The state of being kind.

kindred /ˈkɪndɹəd/ /ˈkɪndɹɪd/ kindreds n
tribu
(often, plural only) People of the same ethnic descent, not including speaker; brethren.

kindred spirit kindred spirits n
âme sœur
(idiomatic) Someone with the same feelings or attitudes as oneself.

kinematic /kaɪ.nɪˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɪn.əˈmæt.ɪk/ /kɪn.ɪˈmæt.ɪk/ adj
cinématique
(physics) Of or relating to motion or to kinematics.

kinematics /ˌkɪnəˈmætɪks/ n
cinématique
(physics) The branch of mechanics concerned with objects in motion, but not with the forces involved.

kinesiology /kəˌni.ziˈɔ.lə.d͡ʒɪ/ kinesiologies n
kinésiologie
(medicine) The study of body movement.
kinésiologie appliquée
(medicine) The application of such principles to the diagnosis and treatment of muscular imbalance.

kinesis /ˌkəˈniːsɪs/ kineses n
kinèse kinésie
(biology) The movement of an organism in response to an external stimulus.

kinesthesia /ˌkaɪnɪsˈθiʒə/ /ˌkɪnɪsˈθiʒə/ kinesthesias n
kinesthésie
Proprioception or static position sense; the perception of the position and posture of the body; also, more broadly, including the motion of the body as well. See usage notes below.

kinetic /kaɪˈnɛtɪk/ /kɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
cinétique
Relating to motion.
Relating to kinesis or motor function.

kinetic energy kinetic energies n
énergie cinétique
(physics) The energy possessed by an object because of its motion, equal (nonrelativistically) to one half the mass of the body times the square of its speed.

kinetics /kɪˈnɛt.ɪks/ n
cinétique
(mechanics) The branch of mechanics concerned with motion of objects, as well as the reason i.e. the forces acting on such bodies. This, along with kinematics constitute dynamics, which is concerned purely with the effects of forces on moving bodies.
(chemistry) The branch of chemistry that is concerned with the rates of chemical reactions.

kinetid kinetids n
cinétide
(biology) Any structure, in a eukaryotic cell, that is used for locomotion

kinetochore /k(ʌ)ɪˈniːtəʊkɔː/ /kəˈniɾoʊkɔɹ/ kinetochores n
kinétochore

kinetoplastid kinetoplastids n
kinétoplastidé
Any of a group of parasitic flagellate protozoa, of the class Kinetoplastea, responsible for several diseases in humans and animals

kinetoscope kinetoscopes n
kinétoscope

kinety kineties n
cinétie

king /kiŋ/ /kʰɪŋ/ kings n
roi
A male monarch; a man who heads a monarchy. If it is an absolute monarchy, then he is the supreme ruler of his nation.
(chess) The principal chess piece, that players seek to threaten with unavoidable capture to result in a victory by checkmate. It is often the tallest piece, with a symbolic crown with a cross at the top.
(card games) A playing card with the letter "K" and the image of a king on it, the thirteenth card in a given suit.
dame
A checker (a piece of checkers/draughts) that reached the farthest row forward, thus becoming crowned (either by turning it upside-down, or by stacking another checker on it) and gaining more freedom of movement.

king cake /kɪŋ keɪk/ king cakes n
galette des rois couronne des rois gâteau des rois
(Louisiana) A decorative cake distributed among friends or visitors on Epiphany. In many traditions it contains a pea, a trinket or some other small object which entitles its finder to be the "king" for one day.

king cobra king cobras n
cobra royal
A large venomous snake found in East Asia (Ophiophagus hannah), the longest venomous snake in the world.

king of beasts /ˈkɪŋ əv ˈbiːsts/ n
roi des animaux
(idiomatic) The lion.

king of birds n
roi des oiseaux
(idiomatic) The eagle.

king of clubs kings of clubs n
roi de trèfle
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

king of diamonds kings of diamonds n
roi de carreau
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

king of hearts kings of hearts n
roi de cœur
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

king of herrings kings of herrings n
régalec roi des harengs ruban de mer
The giant oarfish, Regalecus glesne.

king of kings kings of kings n
roi des rois
A king who has other kings as subjects; an emperor.

king of spades /kɪŋɡ.əv.speɪdz/ kings of spades n
roi de piques
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

king oyster mushroom king oyster mushrooms n
éryngiées
An edible mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii.

king penguin king penguins n
manchot royal
a large penguin, Aptenodytes patagonicus, that lives on the coast of Antarctica and nearby islands

king vulture /kɪŋ ˈvʌltʃəɹ/ king vultures n
sarcoramphe roi vautour pape
A widespread species of New World vulture, Sarcoramphus papa.

kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ kingdoms n
royaume règne
A realm having a king and/or queen as its actual or nominal sovereign.
règne royaume
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below domain and above phylum; a taxon at that rank (e.g. the plant kingdom, the animal kingdom).

kingfish kingfish kingfishes n
martin-pêcheur
Fish of genus Caranx

kingfisher /ˈkɪŋˌfɪʃə/ kingfishers n
martin-pêcheur
Any of various birds of the suborder Alcedines (or the family Alcedinidae sensu lato), having a large head, short tail and brilliant colouration; they feed mostly on fish.

kinglet kinglets n
roitelet
(chiefly, _, pejorative) A petty king; a king ruling over a small or unimportant territory.
Any of several birds of the family Regulidae.

kingmaker /ˈkɪŋmeɪkə/ /ˈkɪŋˌmeɪkɚ/ kingmakers n
faiseur de rois
(politics) Someone who has strong influence over the choice of a leader.

kingship kingships n
royauté
The dignity, rank or office of a king; the state of being a king.

kink /kɪŋk/ kinks n
coude
A tight curl, twist, or bend in a length of thin material, hair etc.
hic imprévu
A difficulty or flaw that is likely to impede operation, as in a plan or system.
bizarrerie excentricité perversion
(informal, countable, or, uncountable) Peculiarity or deviation in sexual behaviour or taste.

kinkajou /ˈkɪŋkəˌd͡ʒuː/ /ˈkɪŋkəˌʒuː/ kinkajous n
kinkajou
Potos flavus, a carnivorous mammal of Central America and South America with a long, prehensile tail, related to the raccoon.

kinky /ˈkɪŋ.ki/ kinkier kinkiest adj
bouclé crépu
Full of kinks; liable to kink or curl.
pervers
(informal) Marked by unconventional sexual preferences or behavior, as fetishism, sadomasochism, and other sexual practices.
excentrique
Queer; eccentric; crotchety.

kinship /ˈkɪnʃɪp/ kinships n
parenté
relation or connection by blood, marriage or adoption
relation or connection by nature or character

kinsman kinsmen n
parent
A male relative.

kintsugi /kɪntˈsuːɡi/ n
kintsugi kintsukuroi
The Japanese art of repairing broken pottery with lacquer dusted or mixed with powdered gold or similar material, highlighting the cracks instead of disguising them.

kiosk /ˈkiˌɑsk/ /ˈkiːˌɒsk/ kiosks n
kiosque
A small enclosed structure, often freestanding, open on one side or with a window, used as a booth to sell newspapers, cigarettes, etc.

kippah /kɪˈpɑː/ /ˈkiːpə/ /ˈkɪpə/ kippahs kippot kippoth n
kippa
The cloth skullcap or yarmulke traditionally worn by male Jews.

kirigami /ˌkɪɹɪˈɡɑːmɪ/ n
kirigami
An art similar to origami, with cutting permitted.

kirmess /ˈkɜː(ɹ)məs/ kirmesses n
kermesse
An outdoor festival and fair, usually in a German or Dutch-speaking country

kirpan /kɪə(ɹ)ˈpɑːn/ kirpans n
kirpan
(Sikhism) A ceremonial sword that must be worn at all times by baptized Sikhs, and one of the five Ks.

kirsch /kɜː(ɹ)ʃ/ /kɪə(ɹ)ʃ/ kirsches n
kirsch
(often capitalized) A clear brandy made from black cherries: kirschwasser.

kisel /ˈkiːsəl/ kisels n
kissel
A dessert (sometimes consumed as a drink) made from fruit or berry juice and thickened with starch, common in Slavic and Baltic countries as well as Finland.

kiskadee kiskadees n
quiquivi
Either of two species of bird in the tyrant flycatcher family.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] kisses n
baiser bise bisou bec bécot
A touch with the lips, usually to express love or affection, or as a greeting.

kiss /kɪs/ [kʰɪs] v
embrasser baiser
(transitive) To touch with the lips or press the lips against, usually to show love or affection or passion, or as part of a greeting.
(intransitive) Of two or more people, to touch each other's lips together, usually to express love or affection or passion.
effleurer embrasser
(ambitransitive) To (cause to) touch lightly or slightly; to come into contact.

kiss and ride n
dépose-minute

kiss ass v
lécher le cul lécher les bottes
(US, idiomatic, vulgar, colloquial) to flatter or perform favors excessively, especially to receive preferential treatment from a boss or other superior; to behave obsequiously.

kiss curl kiss curls n
accroche-cœur

kiss goodbye v
dire adieu dire au revoir faire une croix sur

kiss me phraseologicalUnit
embrasse-moi
I informally request that you kiss me—that you touch my lips with your lips or press the lips against, as an expression of love or affection.

kiss my ass interjection
aller chier aller se faire cuire un œuf aller se faire enculer aller se faire foutre aller se faire voir chez les Grecs cul
(vulgar, idiomatic) Go away!; an expression of disdain or dismissal.

kiss of life kisses of life n
bouche-à-bouche
(idiomatic, UK) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

kiss of peace kisses of peace n
baiser de paix
(Christianity) An early Christian greeting consisting of a kiss, originally on the mouth but later on the cheek, still used in some traditional churches.

kit /kɪt/ kits n
jeu nécessaire équipement
lapereau
A kitten (young cat).

kitchen /ˈkɪt͡ʃən/ /ˈkɪt͡ʃɪn/ kitchens n
cuisine
A room or area for preparing food.
(slang) A public gaming room in a casino.

kitchen cabinet kitchen cabinets n
placard
Built-in cabinet found in a kitchen.
Kitchen Cabinet
(informal) An informal group of advisors to a country's chief executive, as distinguished from the official cabinet.

kitchen knife kitchen knives n
couteau de cuisine
Any knife used for preparing food.

kitchen paper kitchen papers n
essuie-tout
(UK) Paper towels intended for kitchen purposes such as absorbing spillages and wrapping sandwiches.

kitchen sink kitchen sinks n
bric-à-brac fourre-tout n'importe quoi pot-pourri tout-venant
(figurative) A miscellany or a miscellaneous item; an item exemplifying an indiscriminate profusion.

kitchenhand kitchenhands n
commis de cuisine aide-cuisinier commis cuisinier
A person who is employed to assist a cook in a kitchen.

kitchenmaid kitchenmaids n
fille de cuisine
(archaic) A woman employed in a kitchen.

kitchenware kitchenwares n
ustensiles de cuisine
Instruments and utensils found in a kitchen, particularly those associated with the preparation and serving of food.

kite /kaɪt/ kites n
milan
A bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.
cerf-volant
(geometry) A polygon resembling the shape of a traditional toy kite (sense 3): a quadrilateral having two pairs of edges of equal length, the edges of each pair touching each other at one end.
(sailing, dated) In a square-rigged ship: originally a sail positioned above a topsail; later a lightweight sail set above the topgallants, such as a studding sail or a jib topsail.

kitefin shark kitefin sharks n
squale liche
A small sharks of the family Dalatiidae, especially of species Dalatias licha.

kitesurfing v
kiteboard kitesurf planche aérotractée
water sport

kitsch /kɪt͡ʃ/ kitscher kitschest more kitsch most kitsch adj
kitsch quétaine
Of art and decor: of questionable aesthetic value; excessively sentimental, overdone or vulgar.

kitsch /kɪt͡ʃ/ kitsches n
kitsch kitch
Art, decorative objects, and other forms of representation of questionable artistic or aesthetic value; a representation that is excessively sentimental, overdone, or vulgar.

kitschy /ˈkɪt͡ʃi/ kitschier kitschiest adj
kitsch
Having the nature of kitsch: excessively sentimental, overdone or vulgar.

kitsune /kɪtˈsuː.neɪ/ /kɪtˈsuː.ni/ /kɪtˈsuːn/ /ˈkɪt.sʊ.neɪ/ /ˈkɪts.neɪ/ /ˈkɪtsuːn/ kitsune kitsunes n
kitsune kitsuné
(Japanese mythology) A Japanese fox spirit, often but not exclusively female, said to have powers such as shape-shifting, and whose power is symbolized by increase in number of tails.

kitten /ˈkɪtən/ kittens n
chaton
A young cat, especially before sexual maturity (reached at about seven months).
blaireautin hérissonneau lapereau raton renardeau
A young rabbit, rat, hedgehog, squirrel, fox, beaver, badger, etc.

kitty /ˈkɪti/ [ˈkʰɘɾiː] [ˈkʰɪɾi] kitties n
chaton minet
(informal) A kitten or young cat.
mimi
(childish, sometimes capitalized) A pet name for a cat.
cagnotte
A money pool used for a particular purpose, such as for a card game or for shared expenses.

kitty litter /ˈkɪti ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɪti ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈkʰɪɾi ˈlɪɾɚ] kitty litters n
litière pour chat
Mix of sawdust, grit, etc. used to provide a soiling area for pet cats.

kitty-cat kitty-cats n
pôtichat
(colloquial, usually, childish) A domestic cat (subspecies Felis silvestris catus).

kiviak n
kiviak
In Greenland, traditional food made from fermented raw auk flesh stuffed inside a hollowed-out seal's body.

kiwi /ˈkiːwi/ kiwi kiwis n
kiwi
A flightless bird of the genus Apteryx native to New Zealand.

kiwi fruit kiwi fruit n
kiwi
A Chinese gooseberry vine fruit, having a hairy brown skin and dark green (or in the case of the kiwi fruit gold, yellow) flesh with fine black seeds, almost always varieties of Actinidia deliciosa.

klaxon /ˈklæks(ə)n/ klaxons n
klaxon
A loud electric alarm or horn. [from 1908]

kleenex /ˈkli.nɛks/ /ˈklin.ɛks/ kleenexes n
Kleenex
(North America) A disposable tissue.

kleptocracy kleptocracies n
kleptocratie
A corrupt and dishonest government or society characterised by greed.

kleptocrat /ˈklɛptəˌkɹæt/ kleptocrats n
cleptocrate
A ruling figure in a kleptocracy.

kleptocratic /klɛptə(ʊ)ˈkɹatɪk/ more kleptocratic most kleptocratic adj
cleptocratique kleptocratique
Pertaining to a kleptocracy; characterised by rulers or leaders who are thieves.

kleptomania /ˌklɛp.təˈmeɪ.ni.ə, -ˈmeɪn.jə/ kleptomanias n
kleptomanie cleptomanie
(psychology) A psychological disorder that causes an uncontrollable obsession with stealing without economic or material need.

kleptomaniac /ˌklɛptəˈmeɪniæk/ kleptomaniacs n
kleptomane
One who steals compulsively.

klick /klɪk/ klicks n
borne
(slang, military) A kilometer.

klipspringer /ˈklɪpˌsprɪŋə/ /ˈklɪpˌsprɪŋər/ klipspringers n
oréotrague sassa
A small antelope native to eastern and southern Africa having a dense, brown, speckled coat (Oreotragus oreotragus).

kliros n
kliros
(Christianity) The section of an Eastern Orthodox or Eastern Catholic church dedicated to the choir.

kludge /kluːd͡ʒ/ /klʌd͡ʒ/ kludges n
expédient
(informal) Any construction or practice, typically crude yet effective, designed to solve a problem temporarily or expediently.

klutz /klʌts/ klutzes n
maladroit
(US, pejorative) A clumsy or stupid person.

knack /næk/ knacks n
chic
A readiness in performance; aptness at doing something. [from 1580]

knacker /ˈnakə/ /ˈnækɚ/ knackers n
équarrisseur
One who dismantles old ships, houses, etc. and sells their components.

knacker /ˈnakə/ /ˈnækɚ/ v
crever vanner
(UK, slang, transitive) To tire out, exhaust.

knacker's yard /ˈnæ.kɚz ˌjɑɹd/ /ˈnæk.əz ˌjɑːd/ knackers' yards n
équarrissoir
The area of a slaughterhouse where carcasses unfit for human consumption or other purposes are rendered down to produce useful materials such as glue.

knackered /ˈnæk.əd/ more knackered most knackered adj
éreinté HS avoir la tête dans le cul claqué
(UK, Irish, Australia, New Zealand, slang, sometimes, offensive) Tired or exhausted.
HS baisé détraqué fichu foutu
(UK, Irish, South Africa, colloquial) Broken, inoperative.

knapsack /ˈnæpsæk/ knapsacks n
sac à dos

knarr /nɔːɹ/ knarrs n
knarr
(historical) A kind of Norse merchant ship used by the Vikings.

knave /neɪv/ knaves n
page
(archaic) A boy; especially, a boy servant.
fourbe voyou
A tricky, deceitful fellow; a dishonest person.
valet
(cards) A playing card marked with the figure of a servant or soldier; a jack.

knavery /ˈneɪvəɹi/ knaveries n
coup
The antics or tricks of a knave; boyish mischief.

knead /niːd/ v
pétrir
(transitive) To work and press into a mass, usually with the hands; especially, to work, as by repeated pressure with the knuckles, into a well mixed mass, the materials of bread, cake, etc.

kneaded eraser kneaded erasers n
gomme mie de pain gomme à fusain
A tool made from pliable material resembling putty or chewing gum used to absorb graphite or charcoal.

kneading /ˈniːdɪŋ/ kneadings n
pétrissage
The process by which something is kneaded.

kneading trough kneading troughs n
pétrin
A (usually wooden) trough in which dough is kneaded before baking into bread.

knee /kniː/ /ni/ /niː/ kneen knees n
genou
In humans, the joint or the region of the joint in the middle part of the leg between the thigh and the shank.
The part of a garment that covers the knee.
(figurative) The presence of a parent etc., where a young child acquires early knowledge.

knee /kniː/ /ni/ /niː/ v
donner un coup de genou mettre un coup de genou
(transitive) To poke or strike with the knee.
s'agenouiller se mettre à genoux
(reflexive) To move on the knees; to use the knees to move.

knee pad knee pads n
genouillère
A protective garment worn on a knee to protect it from injury, for example due to a blow or a fall.

knee sock knee socks n
mi-bas demi-bas
(chiefly, in the plural) A sock that reaches almost up to the knee.

knee-high knee-highs n
mi-bas demi-bas
(US, usually, in the plural) A sock or stocking that reaches to the knees; chiefly, women's nylon stockings that end slightly above the knee and supported by garter belts.

knee-high to a grasshopper adj
haut comme trois pommes
(idiomatic) short; especially relating to when the subject was a small child

knee-jerk more knee-jerk most knee-jerk adj
prévisible
Unthinking, not carefully considered, (nearly) automatic, spontaneous, easily predictable.

kneecap /ˈniːˌkæp/ kneecaps n
rotule
(anatomy) The flat, roundish bone in the knee.

kneeing kneeings n
coup de genou
A blow made with the knee

kneel /niːl/ v
agenouiller
(intransitive) To rest on one's bent knees, sometimes only one; to move to such a position.

knell /nɛl/ knells n
glas
The sound of a bell knelling; a toll (particularly one signalling a death).

knell /nɛl/ v
sonner le glas
(intransitive) To ring a bell slowly, especially for a funeral; to toll.
(transitive) To signal or proclaim something (especially a death) by ringing a bell.

knick-knack /ˈnɪkˌnæk/ knick-knacks n
bibelot colifichet
A small ornament or other object of minor value.

knickerbockers /ˈnɪkəbɒkəz/ /ˈnɪkɚbɑkɚz/ n
knickerbockers knickers
Men's or boys' baggy knee breeches, of a type particularly popular in the early 20th century.

knife /naɪf/ knives n
couteau
A utensil or a tool designed for cutting, consisting of a flat piece of hard material, usually steel or other metal (the blade), usually sharpened on one edge, attached to a handle. The blade may be pointed for piercing.
A weapon designed with the aforementioned specifications intended for slashing and/or stabbing and too short to be called a sword. A dagger.
Any blade-like part in a tool or a machine designed for cutting, such as that of a chipper.

knife /naɪf/ v
frapper d'un coup de couteau
(transitive) To use a knife to injure or kill by stabbing, slashing, or otherwise using the sharp edge of the knife as a weapon.

knife pleat knife pleats n
pli couché pli plat
(sewing) A type of sharply pressed pleating, especially in a skirt or kilt, in which all of the folds are turned in one direction, with each pleat being three layers of fabric thick.

knight /naɪt/ knights n
chevalier
(by extension) An armored and mounted warrior of the Middle Ages.
chevalier cavalier
(modern) A person on whom a knighthood has been conferred by a monarch.
cavalier
(chess) A chess piece, often in the shape of a horse's head, that is moved two squares in one direction and one at right angles to that direction in a single move, leaping over any intervening pieces.

knight /naɪt/ v
faire chevalier
(chess, transitive) To promote (a pawn) to a knight.

knight banneret knights bannerets n
baneret banneret
(law, historical) A knight entitled to subinfeudate his estate and to lead troops under his own banner.

knight-errant knights-errant n
chevalier errant
A knight in a medieval romance who wanders in search of adventure and opportunities to prove his chivalry.

knightess knightesses n
chevaleresse
(rare) A female knight.

knit /ˈnɪt/ v
tricoter
(ambitransitive) To turn thread or yarn into a piece of fabric by forming loops that are pulled through each other. This can be done by hand with needles or by machine.
souder unir
(figuratively, transitive) To join closely and firmly together.
se souder
(intransitive) To become closely and firmly joined; become compacted.
construire échafauder élaborer
(transitive) To combine from various elements.

knit one's brows v
froncer les sourcils
(idiomatic) To scowl, indicating anger, worry, or puzzlement.

knitted /ˈnɪtɪd/ adj
tricoté
Made by knitting.

knitter knitters n
tricoteur tricoteuse
A person or a machine that knits.

knitting /ˈnɪtɪŋ/ knittings n
tricot tricotage
The action of the verb to knit; the process of producing knitted material.

knitting needle knitting needles n
aiguille à tricoter
A long, thin, pointed rod, used in pairs to knit yarn.

knitwear knitwears n
tricot
knitted garments

knob /nɑb/ /nɒb/ knobs n
bouton poignée pommeau
A rounded protuberance, especially one arising from a flat surface; a fleshy lump or caruncle.
A rounded control switch that can be turned on its axis, designed to be operated by the fingers.
nœud
The head of the penis; the glans.
noix
(cooking) A dollop, an amount just larger than a spoonful (usually referring to butter).

knobbly knobblier knobbliest adj
noueux
Having a covering of small knobs.

knobhead knobheads n
tête de nœud
(Britain, Ireland, Commonwealth, derogatory, vulgar, slang) A fool; an idiot; a contemptible person.

knock /nɑk/ /nɒk/ knocks n
coup
An abrupt rapping sound, as from an impact of a hard object against wood.
A sharp impact.

knock /nɑk/ /nɒk/ v
frapper
(intransitive) To rap one's knuckles against something, especially wood.

knock back v
renverser
(transitive) To stun; to surprise.
lever le coude s'envoyer derrière la cravate
(transitive) To drink an alcoholic beverage swiftly or often.

knock down v
renverser
(transitive) To hit or knock (something or someone), intentionally or accidentally, so that it falls.

knock for a loop v
en boucher un coin
(transitive, idiomatic) To astonish; to stagger or overwhelm; to confuse or disorient.

knock it off v
arrêter
(colloquial, mostly, imperative, idiom) To cease doing something, particulary annoying or unpleasant; to desist.

knock off v
dételer
(intransitive, slang) To halt one's work or other activity.

knock on wood /ˌnɑk ɑn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɑk ɔn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɒk ɒn ˈwʊd/ [ˌnäk än ˈwʊd] interjection
touchons du bois
(idiomatic, US) Hopefully; a self-directive to undertake the customary action to ward off bad luck.

knock on wood /ˌnɑk ɑn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɑk ɔn ˈwʊd/ /ˌnɒk ɒn ˈwʊd/ [ˌnäk än ˈwʊd] v
toucher du bois
(idiomatic, US) To take a customary action to ward off some misfortune that is believed to be attracted by a presumptuous statement.

knock out v
assommer
(transitive, idiomatic) To render unconscious, as by a blow to the head.

knock over v
renverser
To bump or strike something in such a way as to tip it

knock up /nɒk ʌp/ v
encloquer
(dated, intransitive) To become exhausted or worn out; to fail of strength; to become wearied, as with labor; to give out. [from 18th c.]
(slang, principally American) To impregnate, especially out of wedlock. See knocked up. [from 19th c.]

knock-kneed adj
cagneux
(of the legs) Having the knees abnormally close together, and the ankles spread apart.

knock-knock interjection
toc-toc
a verbal emulation of a knocking sound

knock-on effect knock-on effects n
effet domino

knocked up adj
en cloque
(slang, principally American, sometimes, offensive) Pregnant, typically outside of marriage.

knockoff knockoffs n
faux imitation
An imitation of something, particularly a well-known product, usually lower in quality and price than the original.

knoll /noʊl/ /nəʊl/ knolls n
monticule tertre
A small mound or rounded hill.

knot /nɑt/ /nɒt/ knots n
nœud
A looping of a piece of string or of any other long, flexible material that cannot be untangled without passing one or both ends of the material through its loops.
(of hair, etc) A tangled clump.
(mathematics) A non-self-intersecting closed curve in (e.g., three-dimensional) space that is an abstraction of a knot (in sense 1 above).
The whorl left in lumber by the base of a branch growing out of the tree's trunk.
(aviation) A unit of indicated airspeed, calibrated airspeed, or equivalent airspeed, which varies in its relation to the unit of speed so as to compensate for the effects of different ambient atmospheric conditions on aircraft performance.

knot /nɑt/ /nɒt/ v
nouer
(transitive) To form into a knot; to tie with a knot or knots.

knot theory n
théorie des nœuds
(mathematics) A branch of topology dealing with knots.

knotweed knotweeds n
renouée
Any of several plants of the genus Polygonum, with jointed stems and inconspicuous flowers

knout /naʊt/ [nʌʊt] knouts n
knout
A leather scourge (multi-tail whip), in the severe version known as 'great knout' with metal weights on each tongue, notoriously used in imperial Russia.

know /noʊ/ /nəʊ/ v
savoir connaître
(transitive) To perceive the truth or factuality of; to be certain of; to be certain that.
connaître connaitre
(transitive) To be acquainted or familiar with; to have encountered.
connaître
(transitive) To experience.
savoir connaître connaitre être au courant
(intransitive) To have knowledge; to have information, be informed.
connaître savoir
(transitive) To have indexed and have information about within one's database.
savoir connaître connaitre
(transitive, philosophy) To maintain (a belief, a position) subject to a given philosophical definition of knowledge; to hold a justified true belief.

know inside and out v
connaître sur le bout des doigts
(transitive, idiomatic) To know (something or someone) very thoroughly.

know like the back of one's hand v
connaître comme sa poche
(transitive, simile) To be intimately knowledgeable about something.

know one's own mind v
se connaître

know one's stuff v
toucher sa bille
(intransitive, informal) To be knowledgeable about and competent at a particular subject or task.

know someone from Adam v
ne connaître ni d'Ève ni d'Adam

know the score v
connaître la chanson connaître la musique

know thyself proverb
connais-toi toi-même
(also, _, philosophy) Be aware of your own strengths and limitations.

know-how /ˈnoʊ.haʊ/ /ˈnəʊ.haʊ/ n
savoir-faire
The knowledge and skill to be able to (do something correctly).

know-it-all know-it-alls n
je-sais-tout toutologue ti-Jo Connaissant
(chiefly, US, pejorative) Someone who claims to be knowledgeable or an expert in something, obnoxiously dismissing the opinions, advice, suggestions, etc. of others.

knowable /ˈnoʊəbl̩/ more knowable most knowable adj
connaissable
Capable of being known, understood or comprehended.

knowingly more knowingly most knowingly adv
sciemment
In the manner of one who knows.
With knowledge of all relevant facts.

knowledge /ˈnoʊlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɑlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈnɒlɪd͡ʒ/ knowledges n
connaissance science
The fact of knowing about something; general understanding or familiarity with a subject, place, situation etc. [from 14th c.]
connaissance
Awareness of a particular fact or situation; a state of having been informed or made aware of something. [from 14th c.]
connaissances
Familiarity or understanding of a particular skill, branch of learning etc. [from 14th c.]
connaissance savoir connaissances science
The total of what is known; all information and products of learning. [from 16th c.]

knowledge graph knowledge graphs n
graphe de connaissances
(information science) A knowledge base with an interlinked graph structure.

knowledge is power proverb
savoir, c'est pouvoir
Scientia potentia est; with knowledge and/or education, one's potential or ability to succeed in the pursuit of one's objectives will certainly increase.

knowledgeable /ˈnɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ /ˈnɒl.ɪ.d͡ʒə.bəl/ more knowledgeable most knowledgeable adj
instruit savant
Having knowledge, especially of a particular subject.

known /noʊn/ /nəʊn/ /ˈnɐʉ.wɘn/ /ˈnɐʉn/ best known better known adj
connu
Identified as a specific type; famous, renowned.

knuckle /ˈnʌkəl/ knuckles n
articulation jointure du doigt articulation du doigt
Any of the joints between the bones of the fingers.

knuckleball knuckleballs n
balle-papillon
(baseball) A pitch thrown with the ball gripped on the fingertips and released with no rotation, which travels over an unpredictable path to the plate due to micro-turbulence in the air.

knurl /nɜːl/ /nɝl/ knurls n
moletage
A lined or crossgrained pattern of ridges or indentations rolled or pressed into a part for grip.

koala /koʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /kə.ˈwɑː.lə/ /kəʊ.ˈɑː.lə/ /ˈkwɑː.lə/ koalas n
koala
A tree-dwelling marsupial, Phascolarctos cinereus, that resembles a small bear with a broad head, large ears and sharp claws, mainly found in eastern Australia.

koan /ˈkoʊ.ɑn/ /ˈkəʊ.ɑːn/ koans n
aporie
A riddle with no solution, used to provoke reflection on the inadequacy of logical reasoning, and to lead to enlightenment.

kobza kobzas n
kobza
(musical instruments) A lute-like stringed instrument traditionally made from a single block of wood, with a medium-length neck, originating in Ukrainian folk music.

kofta /ˈkɑːftə/ /ˈkɒftə/ /ˈkɔːftə/ koftas n
kafta
Any of various spicy meatball or meatloaf dishes of the Middle East, Caucasus, South Asia, and the Balkans.

kogel mogel /ˌkoʊ.ɡəlˈmoʊ.ɡəl/ kogel mogels n
gogli gogli-mogli
An egg-based homemade dessert made from egg yolks, sugar, and flavourings such as honey, vanilla, cocoa or rum, similar to eggnog, popular in Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Caucasus.

kogo kogoes kogos n
kogo

kohlrabi /koʊlˈɹɑb.i/ /kəʊlˈɹɑː.bi/ kohlrabies kohlrabis n
chou-rave
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes, a variety of the cabbage, having a turnip-shaped edible stem.

koi /kɔɪ/ koi n
koï
Ornamental domesticated varieties of the Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus), of Japan and eastern Asia with red-gold or white coloring.

koinëisation /ˌkɔɪneɪaɪˈzeɪʃən/ koinëisations n
koïnèisation
(linguistics) The process whereby a lect develops into a koine, or an instance of this.

kokoshnik kokoshniki kokoshniks n
kokochnik
A traditional Russian headdress worn by women and girls to accompany the sarafan.

kokuji kokuji n
kokuji
Any of the kanji characters invented in Japan.

kolkhoz /-kɒs/ /-kɔs/ /-kɔz/ /kol-/ /kɒl-/ /kɔːl-/ /kəlˈkɒz/ kolkhozes kolkhozy n
kolkhoze
(historical) A farming collective in the former Soviet Union.

komatsuna n
komatsuna
A leaf vegetable, a form of Brassica rapa, used in Japanese cooking

komboskini komboskini n
tchotki
(Christianity) A rope of usually 33, 50 or 100 knots, used in meditative prayer in the Eastern Orthodox and Eastern Catholic tradition, to count one's recitations of the Jesus Prayer.

kombu /ˈkɒmbuː/ kombus n
konbu
A kind of long horn instrument from Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

kompromat kompromats n
kompromat
Compromising material, blackmail material, (real or fabricated) evidence that a person does not want revealed, dirt.

kookaburra /ˈkʊkəˌbaɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbɝɹə/ /ˈkʊkəˌbʌɹə/ kookaburras n
kookaburra martin-chasseur géant
Any of several species of kingfishers in the genus Dacelo.

kooky /ˈkuki/ /ˈkuːki/ /ˈkʊki/ kookier kookiest adj
dingue
(slang) Eccentric, strange, or foolish; crazy or insane; kookish.

kopek kopeks n
kopeck
A Russian monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a ruble.
A kopiyka: a Ukrainian monetary unit equal to one hundredth of a hryvnia.

koppa koppas n
coppa koppa
The 18th Ancient Greek letter in early versions of the Greek alphabet, Ϙ (lowercase ϙ).

kore /ˈkoɹeɪ/ /ˈkɔəɹeɪ/ korai kores n
coré
(arts, sculpture) An Ancient Greek statue of a woman, portrayed standing, usually clothed, painted in bright colours and having an elaborate hairstyle.

kori bustard kori bustards n
outarde kori
A species of bustard, Ardeotis kori, which is the largest flying bird native to Africa.

kosher /ˈkoʊʃɚ/ /ˈkɑʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɔʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈkəʊʃə/ more kosher most kosher adj
casher kascher
(Judaism) Fit for use or consumption, in accordance with Jewish law (especially relating to food).
casher
(figuratively, by extension) In accordance with standards or usual practice.

koto kotos n
koto
(musical instrument) A Japanese stringed instrument having numerous strings, usually seven or thirteen, that are stretched over a convex wooden sounding board and are plucked with three plectra, worn on the thumb, index finger, and middle finger of one hand.

kouign-amann /-ˈmɑn/ /ˌkwin æˈmæn/ /ˌkwiːn æˈmæn/ kouign-amann kouign-amanns n
kouign-amann
A traditional Breton cake made of layers of butter, dough, and sugar.

koumiss /ˈkuːmɪs/ koumisses n
koumis
A fermented drink made from mare's milk, common among peoples of the Central Asian steppes.

kowari kowaris n
kowari
A small carnivorous rat-like marsupial, Dasyuroides byrnei, endemic to the dry grasslands and deserts of central Australia. [from 20th c.]

kowtow /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/ kowtows n
kowtow
The act of kowtowing.

kowtow /ˈkaʊˌtaʊ/ v
s'agenouiller se prosterner
(intransitive, historical) To kneel and bow low enough to touch one’s forehead to the ground.

kozachok /kəˌzɑˈt͡ʃɔk/ /ˌkazəˈtʃɒk/ /ˌkɑːzəˈtʃɒk/ kozachoks n
kazatchok
A Ukrainian and Russian couple-dance with constantly increasing tempo.

kraal /kɹɑːl/ kraals n
kraal
In Central and Southern Africa, a small rural community.

kraft paper kraft papers n
papier kraft
Strong paper made from kraft pulp, often used for making corrugated board.

krai /kɹaɪ̯/ krais n
kraï
(administrative division) A region or province in Russia.

krait /kɹaɪt/ kraits n
bongare
Any of several brightly-coloured, venomous snakes, of the genus Bungarus, of southeast Asia.

krater kraters n
cratère
(historical) An ancient Greek vessel for mixing water and wine.

krautrock n
krautrock
(music genre, sometimes, capitalized) A genre of German experimental rock music from the 1970s.

krona kronor n
couronne
The official currency of Sweden.

krone kroner n
couronne
The currency of Iceland, Denmark (including Greenland and the Faroe Islands) and Norway, divided into 100 øre, except in Iceland where 1 króna = 100 aurar.

krypton /ˈkɹɪptɒn/ kryptons n
krypton
The chemical element (symbol Kr) with an atomic number of 36. It is a colourless, odourless noble gas that only reacts with fluorine. It is one of the rarest gases in the Earth's atmosphere.

kryptonite /ˈkɹɪptənaɪt/ kryptonites n
kryptonite
(figuratively) The one weakness of something or someone that is otherwise invulnerable.

króna /ˈkɹəʊ.nə/ krónur n
couronne
The currency of Iceland, divided into 100 aurar

kshatriya /ˈkʃat.ɹi.ə/ kshatriyas n
kshatriya
A member of the second-highest of the four castes or varnas in traditional Hindu society: the warrior or military caste.

kudos /ˈkjuːdɒs/ /ˈkuː.doʊs/ /ˈkuː.doʊz/ n
gloire louange
Praise; accolades.

kuduro n
kuduro
An energetic, danceable style of music originating in Angola, combining local styles like semba with influences from Caribbean music, especially zouk and soca.

kulak /ˈkulæk/ /ˈkuːlak/ kulaki kulaks n
koulak
(historical) A prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers.

kumquat /ˈkʌmkwɑt/ /ˈkʌmkwɒt/ kumquats n
kumquat
A small, orange citrus-like fruit which is native to Asia (Citrus japonica, syn. Fortunella japonica).

kunai kunai n
kunaï
A Japanese tool and weapon, possibly derived from the masonry trowel, used as a weapon by ninja or samurai.

kung fu /ˈkɔŋ ˈfuː/ /ˈkʊŋ ˈfuː/ /ˈkʌŋ ˈfuː/ kung fu n
kung-fu
(martial arts) The Chinese martial arts collectively.

kurchatovium n
kourtchatovium
(physics) A rejected name for rutherfordium.

kurgan /kʊəˈɡɑːn/ kurgans n
kourgane
A prehistoric burial mound once used by peoples in Siberia and Central Asia.

kurta kurtas n
kurta
A traditional article of clothing worn in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, consisting of a loose, collarless, long-sleeved, knee-length shirt worn by both men and women.

kurtosis /kəɹˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /kəˈtəʊ.sɪs/ kurtoses kurtosises n
coefficient d'aplatissement kurtosis
(statistics) A measure of "heaviness of the tails" of a probability distribution, defined as the fourth cumulant divided by the square of the variance of the probability distribution.

kuru /ˈkʉː.ɹʉː/ /ˈkʊ.ɹuː/ n
kuru
A chronic, progressive, fatal central nervous system disease found mainly among the Fore and neighboring peoples of New Guinea, caused by a prion that probably resembles the scrapie agent of sheep, transmissible to nonhuman primates, and believed to be transmitted by ritual cannibalism.

kvass /kvɑːs/ kvasses n
kvas
A fermented cereal-based low alcoholic beverage, often flavored with fruit, honey and herbs.

kvetch /kvɛt͡ʃ/ kvetches n
plaintif râleur
A person who endlessly whines or complains; a person who finds fault with anything.

kvetch /kvɛt͡ʃ/ v
râler plaindre
To whine or complain, often needlessly and incessantly.

kwassa kwassa /ˈkwɑs.ə ˈkwɑs.ə/ n
kwasa kwasa
A dance rhythm from the Congo (DRC), where the hips move back and forth while the hands move to follow the hips.

kyanite kyanites n
disthène
A blue neosilicate mineral, Al2SiO5, found in metamorphic rocks.

kyat /kiˈ(j)ɑt/ /kiːˈɑːt/ /ˈkjɑt/ /ˈt͡ʃɑt/ kyat kyats n
kyat
The official currency of Myanmar.

kylix /ˈkaɪlɪks/ kylices kylikes kylixes n
kylix
An Ancient Greek drinking cup with a stem, two handles, and a broad, shallow body

kyriarchy /ˈkaɪɹiˌɑɹki/ /ˈkaɪɹɪˌɑːki/ /ˈkɪ-/ kyriarchies n
kyriarchie
A system of ruling and oppression in which many people may interact and act as oppressor or oppressed. [from 1992]

kyrie /ˈkɪəɹ.ɪˌeɪ/ kyries n
kyrie kyrie eleison
(Christianity) A short prayer or petition including the phrase kyrie eleison, meaning “Lord, have mercy”.

kyudo n
kyudo
A Japanese form of archery.

kyūjitai n
kyūjitai
The traditional form of Japanese kanji used before 1947.

l'esprit de l'escalier /lɛˌspɹi də ˈlɛskɑljeɪ/ /lɛˌspɹi də ˌlɛskəˈljeɪ/ /lɛˌspɹiː də lɛˈskaljeɪ/ n
esprit d'escalier esprit de l'escalier
The phenomenon when a conversational rejoinder or remark only occurs to someone after the opportunity to make it has passed.

la /lɑː/ las n
la
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the sixth note of a major scale.

label /ˈleɪbəl/ labels n
étiquette
A small ticket or sign giving information about something to which it is attached or intended to be attached.

label /ˈleɪbəl/ v
étiqueter
(transitive) To put a label (a ticket or sign) on (something).
(ditransitive) To give a label to (someone or something) in order to categorise that person or thing.

labeling labelings n
étiquetage
A set of labels applied to the various objects in a system.

labellum /ləˈbɛl.əm/ labella labellums n
labelle

labia /ˈleɪ.bi.ə/ n
lèvres lèvres de la vulve
folds of tissue at opening of vulva

labia majora n
grandes lèvres lèvres externes
(anatomy) The two outer rounded folds of adipose tissue that lie on either side of the opening of the vagina.

labia minora n
petites lèvres
(anatomy) The two inner folds of skin within the cleft of the labia majora.

labial /ˈleɪ.bi.əl/ adj
labial
(anatomy, zootomy) Of or pertaining to the lips or labia.
(linguistics, phonetics) Articulated by the lips, as the consonants b, m and w.

labialization labializations n
labialisation
(phonology) A secondary articulatory feature of usually consonants that involves the contraction or rounding of the lips (labia) during pronunciation.

labialize v
labialiser
(transitive) To round, make (a sound, notably a consonant) labial.

labiaplasty labiaplasties n
labioplastie
(surgery) The moulding or shaping of the labia minora and/or labia majora.

labile /ˈleɪbaɪl/ more labile most labile adj
labile
Liable to slip, err, fall, or apostatize.
(chemistry, of a compound or bond) Kinetically unstable; rapidly cleaved (and possibly reformed).

labiodental /ˌleɪ.bi.oʊˈdɛn.təl/ /ˌleɪ.bi.əʊˈdɛn.təl/ adj
labiodental
(phonetics) articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

labiodental /ˌleɪ.bi.oʊˈdɛn.təl/ /ˌleɪ.bi.əʊˈdɛn.təl/ labiodentals n
labiodentale
(phonetics) A speech sound articulated with the lower lip and upper teeth.

labiovelar labiovelars n
labiovélaire
(phonetics) A labiovelar sound.

labium /ˈleɪ.bi.əm/ labia n
lèvre lèvre de la vulve
(anatomy, usually, in the plural) A liplike structure; especially one of the two pairs of folds of skin on either side of the vulva.

labneh labnehs n
labné
Yogurt that has been strained to filter or remove the whey and thus has a consistency between that of yoghurt and cheese.

labor market labor markets n
marché du travail marché de l'emploi
(economics) The market consisting of the supply of unemployed workers in relation to the demand for them.

laboratory /ləˈbɒɹət(ə)ɹiː/ /ləˈbɔɹətɹi/ /ləˈbɔɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæb(ə)ɹəˌtɔɹi/ /ˈlæbɹəˌtɔɹi/ laboratories n
laboratoire
A room, building or institution equipped for scientific research, experimentation or analysis.
A place where chemicals, drugs or microbes are prepared or manufactured.

laborer /ˈleɪ.bɚ.ɹɚ/ laborers n
ouvrier
One who uses bodily strength rather than intellect to earn a wage, usually hourly.

laborious /ləˈbɔːɹiəs/ more laborious most laborious adj
laborieux
Requiring much physical effort; toilsome.

laboriously /ləˈbɔɹ.i.əs.li/ /ləˈbɔː.ɹi.əs.lɪ/ adv
laborieusement
With great expenditure of effort, in a manner requiring much labor.

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˈleɪ.bɚ/ labours n
labeur besogne
That which requires hard work for its accomplishment; that which demands effort.
travail labeur besogne effort ouvriers travailleurs
(uncountable) Workers in general; the working class, the workforce; sometimes specifically the labour movement, organised labour.
parti travailliste travaillistes
(uncountable) A political party or force aiming or claiming to represent the interests of labour.
accouchement travail
(medicine, obstetrics) The act of a mother giving birth.
The time period during which a mother gives birth.

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/ /ˈleɪ.bɚ/ v
travailler
(intransitive) To toil, to work.

labour camp labour camps n
camp de travail
A type of prison where prisoners are obliged to do forced labour, usually outdoors.

labour force labour forces n
main-d'œuvre
The collective group of people who are available for employment, whether currently employed or unemployed (though sometimes only those unemployed people who are seeking work are included).

labour law n
droit du travail

laburnum /ləˈbɜːnəm/ /ləˈbɝnəm/ laburnums n
cytise laburnum
Any tree of genus Laburnum. They have bright yellow flowers and are poisonous.

labyrinth /ˈlæb.ə.ɹɪnθ/ /ˈlæb.ɹɪnθ/ labyrinths n
labyrinthe
(gardening) A maze formed by paths separated by high hedges.
(by extension) Anything complicated and confusing in structure, arrangement, or character.
(anatomy) A complex structure in the inner ear which contains the organs of hearing and balance. It consists of bony cavities (the bony labyrinth) filled with fluid and lined with sensitive membranes (the membranous labyrinth).

labyrinthine /ˌlab.əˈɹɪn.θʌɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪn.θɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪnˌθaɪn/ /ˌlæb.əˈɹɪnˌθin/ more labyrinthine most labyrinthine adj
labyrinthique
Physically resembling a labyrinth; with the qualities of a maze.

labyrinthitis /ˌlæbɪɹɪnˈθaɪtɪs/ labyrinthites labyrinthitides n
labyrinthite
(pathology) Inflammation of the labyrinth of the inner ear.

lac /læk/ lacs n
laque
A resinous substance or lacquer produced mainly on the banyan tree by the female of Kerria lacca, a scale insect.

lace /leɪs/ laces n
dentelle
(uncountable) A light fabric containing patterns of holes, usually built up from a single thread. Wp

lacemaker lacemakers n
dentelière
A person who makes lace.

lacerate /ˈlæ.sɚ.ət/ /ˈlæ.sɚ.ɛɪt/ v
lacérer
(transitive) To tear, rip or wound.

laceration /læsəˈɹeɪʃən/ lacerations n
lacération
An irregular open wound caused by a blunt impact to soft tissue.

lachanophobia /ˌlækənəˈfəʊbɪə/ n
lachanophobie
An irrational fear of vegetables.

lachrymatory /ˈlækɹɪmətəɹi/ more lachrymatory most lachrymatory adj
lacrymatoire lacrymogène
Pertaining to or causing tears.

lachrymatory /ˈlækɹɪmətəɹi/ lachrymatories n
lacrymatoire
(archaeology) A vase supposedly intended to hold tears; formerly used by archaeologists to designate certain urns found in Roman burials.

lachrymose /ˈlæk.ɹɪ.moʊs/ more lachrymose most lachrymose adj
lacrymal
Tearful, sorrowful, sad, pertaining to tears, weeping, causing tears or crying.

laciniate /ləˈsɪn.i.ət/ adj
lacinié
(botany, zoology) Cut into deep irregular usually pointed lobes.

laciniation laciniations n
laciniure
(botany, zoology) A laciniate form or appearance; division into deep, narrow, irregular lobes.

lack /læk/ lacks n
manque défaut absence
A deficiency or need (of something desirable or necessary); an absence, want.

lack /læk/ v
manquer
(transitive, stative) To be without, not to have, to need, to require.

lack of sleep n
manque de sommeil
The condition of not having slept enough at any given time without any specification of cause. (This entry is a translation hub.)

lackadaisical /læksə-/ /ˌlækəˈdeɪzɪkəl/ more lackadaisical most lackadaisical adj
languide
Showing no interest, vigor, determination, or enthusiasm.

lackey /ˈlæ.ki/ lackeys n
laquais
A footman, a liveried male servant.
A fawning, servile follower.

lacking /ˈlækɪŋ/ more lacking most lacking adj
dépourvu
Missing or not having enough of (a good quality, etc).

lackluster /ˈlæklʌstə(ɹ)/ more lackluster most lackluster adj
terne
Having no shine or lustre; dull.
quelconque
(figurative) Not exceptional; not worthy of special merit, attention, or interest; having no vitality.

laconic /ləˈkɑnɪk/ /ləˈkɒnɪk/ more laconic most laconic adj
laconique
Using as few words as possible; pithy and concise.

laconically more laconically most laconically adv
laconiquement
In a terse manner, given to using few words.

laconism laconisms n
laconisme
(uncountable, figure of speech) Extreme brevity in expression.

lacquer /ˈlæk.ə/ /ˈlæk.ɚ/ lacquers n
laque
A glossy, resinous material used as a surface coating; either a natural exudation of certain trees, or a solution of nitrocellulose in alcohol, etc.

lacquer /ˈlæk.ə/ /ˈlæk.ɚ/ v
laquer
To apply a lacquer to something or to give something a smooth, glossy finish.

lacquerer lacquerers n
laqueur
One who lacquers.

lacrimal /ˈlak.ɹɪm.l̩/ /ˈlak.ɹɪm.əl/ /ˈlæk.ɹəm.əl/ adj
lacrymal
(anatomy) Of or relating to tears or the tear-secreting organs.

lacrimal caruncle lacrimal caruncles n
caroncule lacrymale
(anatomy) A small globular nodule at the inner corner of the eye that covers sebaceous and sudoriferous glands.

lacrimal gland lacrimal glands n
glande lacrymale
(anatomy, ophthalmology) Either of a pair of almond-shaped glands, one for each eye, that secrete the aqueous layer of the tear film.

lacrimal sac lacrimal sacs n
sac lacrimal
(anatomy, ophthalmology) The upper dilated end of the nasolacrimal duct that is situated in a groove formed by the lacrimal bone and the frontal process of the maxilla and receives the lacrimal canaliculi.

lacrosse /ləˈkɹɑs/ /ləˈkɹɒs/ /ləˈkɹɔs/ n
crosse lacrosse
(sports) A sport played on a field between two opposing teams using sticks (crosses) and a ball, whereby one team defeats the other by scoring more goals within the allotted time.

lacrosse stick lacrosse sticks n
crosse
The primary instrument used in lacrosse to handle the ball.

lactam lactams n
lactame
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of cyclic amides that are the nitrogen analogs of lactones, formed by heating amino acids; the tautomeric enol forms are known as lactims.

lactase lactases n
lactase
(enzyme, organic compound) A β-galactosidase enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of the disaccharide lactose into constituent galactose and glucose monomers.

lactatemia n
lactatémie
(pathology) The (normal) presence of lactate in the blood.

lactation /lækˈteɪʃən/ lactations n
lactation
The secretion of milk#Noun from the mammary gland of a female mammal.
The period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young; lactation period.
allaitement lactation
The process of providing the milk to the young; breastfeeding.

lactic /ˈlæktɪk/ adj
lactique
Of, relating to, or derived from milk.

lactic acid n
acide lactique
(carboxylic acid) 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid (CH3.CHOH.CO2H), a syrupy liquid, soluble in water; found in milk, wine and many fruits; used as a food additive and in many industrial applications.

lacticaemia n
lacticémie

lactometer lactometers n
pèse-lait
A device that estimates the cream content of milk by measuring its specific gravity.

lactone lactones n
lactone
(organic chemistry) A cyclic intramolecular ester derived from a hydroxy acid

lactose /ˈlæk.toʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊs/ /ˈlæk.təʊz/ lactoses n
lactose
(carbohydrate) The disaccharide sugar of milk and dairy products, C12H22O11, a product of glucose and galactose used as a food and in medicinal compounds.

lactose intolerance lactose intolerances n
intolérance au lactose
Inability to fully metabolize lactose.

lactulose /ˈlak.tjʊ.ləʊz/ /ˈlæk.t(j)ʊˌloʊs/ lactuloses n
lactulose
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic disaccharide C12H22O11 consisting of galactose and fructose units, used as a laxative for chronic constipation and as an acidifier to reduce blood ammonia levels causing neurological symptoms in advanced liver disease. It is used in solution for oral or rectal administration.

lacustrine /-aɪn/ /ləˈkʌstɹɪn/ more lacustrine most lacustrine adj
lacustre
Of or relating to lakes.

lacy /ˈleɪ.si/ lacier laciest adj
de dentelle en dentelle semblable à de la dentelle
Made of lace or decorated with it.
comme de la dentelle
Looking like lace.

lad /læd/ /ləd/ lads n
palefrenier
garçon
A boy or young man.
gars garçon jeune homme
A familiar term of address for a young man.

ladder /ˈladə/ /ˈlædɚ/ [ˈlæɾɚ] ladders n
échelle
A frame, usually portable, of wood, metal, or rope, used for ascent and descent, consisting of two side pieces to which are fastened rungs (cross strips or rounds acting as steps).
In the game of go, a sequence of moves following a zigzag pattern and ultimately leading to the capture of the attacked stones.

ladder snake ladder snakes n
couleuvre à échelons
Any of the species Rhinechis scalaris of European snakes in the Colubridae family

ladder wagon ladder wagons n
chariot à ridelles
(historical) An agricultural wagon with sides resembling ladders.

lade /leɪd/ v
charger
To fill or load (related to cargo or a shipment).

laden /ˈleɪdn̩/ /ˈleɪdən/ more laden most laden adj
alourdi chargé
Weighed down with a load, burdened.
chargé
Heavy.

ladette ladettes n
garçon manqué garçonne
(informal) A young woman who behaves in a laddish manner, namely being boisterous and loud and drinking to excess.

ladies and gentlemen n
Mesdames et Messieurs
Used to address an audience.
(rare, _, and, _, euphemism) Public toilets: a ladies' room and a gentlemen's room.

ladies first phraseologicalUnit
les dames d’abord

ladies' room ladies' rooms n
toilettes femmes
(euphemism) A public lavatory intended for use by women.
(historical) A waiting room in a railway station or other public building intended exclusively for women and usually including a separate women's lavatory.

lading /ˈleɪdɪŋ/ ladings n
chargement
(uncountable) Shipment, cargo, freight.

ladle /ˈleɪ.dəl/ ladles n
louche cuillère à pot poche pochon
A deep-bowled spoonlike utensil with a long, usually curved, handle.
poche
(metallurgy) A container used in a foundry to transport and pour out molten metal.

lady /ˈleɪdi/ [ˈleɪ.ɾi] ladies n
dame madame lady
A woman of breeding or higher class, a woman of authority.
dame lady madame
A title for someone married to a lord or gentleman.
dame madame
A woman to whom the particular homage of a knight was paid; a woman to whom one is devoted or bound.

lady fern lady ferns n
fougère femelle
A fern of the species Athyrium filix-femina, native throughout the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

lady's man ladies' men lady's men n
homme à femmes
(idiomatic) A man who attracts women and enjoys their company.

lady's mantle lady's mantles n
alchémille pied-de-lion
The herb Alchemilla vulgaris, or any plant in the genus Alchemilla.

lady's thumb lady's thumbs n
renouée persicaire
A perennial plant of the knotweed family, native to Eurasia but introduced to many other regions, Persicaria maculosa.

lady-in-waiting /ˌleɪdi ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ /ˌleɪdɪ ɪn ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [-ɾɪŋ] ladies-in-waiting n
dame d'honneur dame d'attendre dame de compagnie suivante
A lady, often a noblewoman, in the household of a queen, princess, or other woman of higher rank who attends her as a personal assistant, generally a role considered an honour.

lady-killer lady-killers n
bourreau des cœurs tombeur
(colloquial) An uncaring womanizer.

ladybird /ˈleɪ.di.bəːd/ /ˈleɪ.di.bɝd/ ladybirds n
coccinelle
Any of the Coccinellidae family of beetles, typically having a round shape and red or yellow spotted elytra.

ladyboy /ˈleɪdiˌbɔɪ/ ladyboys n
ladyboy
(colloquial, chiefly, Thailand) A trans woman or transfeminine person in or from Asia.

ladyfinger ladyfingers n
boudoir
A small sponge cake, shaped approximately like a finger.

ladyship /ˈleɪ.di.ʃɪp/ ladyships n
Madame
Term of respect for a woman of the peerage without using her title.

ladystick ladysticks n
ladystick

lag /læɡ/ v
rester en arrière être en retard
To fail to keep up (the pace), to fall behind.

lager lout lager louts n
jeune voyou
(British) A person (especially a young male) who behaves in a violent manner when drunk.

laggard /ˈlæɡəd/ /ˈlæɡɚd/ more laggard most laggard adj
retardataire
(animal husbandry) Not growing as quickly as the rest of the flock or herd.

laggard /ˈlæɡəd/ /ˈlæɡɚd/ laggards n
traînard
One who lags behind; one who takes more time than is necessary or than the others in a group.

lagger laggers n
retardataire
One who installs lagging.

lagoon /ləˈɡuːn/ lagoons n
lagune lagon étang
A shallow body of water separated from deeper sea by a bar.

lah-di-dah /ˌlɑːdiːˈdɑː/ more lah-di-dah most lah-di-dah adj
prout-prout
(British, pejorative) Affecting upper-class or superior airs.

lahar /ˈlɑhɑɹ/ lahars n
lahar
(geology) A volcanic mudflow.

lahmacun lahmacuns n
lahmajoun
A dish of Arab origin consisting of a round, thin piece of dough topped with minced meat (most commonly beef and lamb).

laicist more laicist most laicist adj
laïcard laïcarde laïciste
Pertaining to or representing the interests of the laity; non-clerical; secular.

laicist laicists n
laïciste
A supporter of laicism; a secularist.

laid /leɪd/ adj
vergé
(of paper) Marked with parallel lines, as if ribbed, from wires in the mould.

laid-back more laid-back most laid-back adj
décontracté facile à vivre sympathique
relaxed and easy-going; demonstrating an absence of stress or worry

laika laikas n
laïka
A type of hunting dog from Russia.

lair /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ lairs n
antre tanière repaire
A place inhabited by a wild animal, often a cave or a hole in the ground.
A shed or shelter for domestic animals.
antre
(figuratively) A place inhabited by a criminal or criminals, a superhero or a supervillain; a refuge, retreat, haven or hideaway.

laissez faire /-(ˌ)zeɪ/ /ˈleɪseɪ ˌfɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæseɪ ˌfɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌleɪ-/ /ˌlɛ(ˌ)seɪ ˈfɛəɹ/ n
laisser-faire laissez-faire
(economics, politics) A policy of governmental non-interference in economic affairs.

laity /ˈleɪ.ə.ti/ /ˈleɪ.ɪ.ti/ laities n
laïcat
People of a church who are not ordained clergy or clerics.

lake /leɪk/ lakes n
laque
In the composition of colors for use in products intended for human consumption, made by extending on a substratum of alumina, a salt prepared from one of the certified water-soluble straight colors.
lac
(now, _, chiefly, _, dialectal) A small stream of running water; a channel for water; a drain.

lake trout lake trout lake trouts n
touladi truite grise
A large species of trout found in lakes in North America, Salvelinus namaycush.

lakeside adj
riverain
By the side of a lake.

lakh /læk/ /lɑk/ /lɑːk/ /lɑːkʰ/ lakh lakhs numeral
lakh
One hundred thousand (100,000; or, with Indian digit grouping, 1,00,000).

lama /ˈlɑː.mə/ lamas n
lama
A master of Tibetan Buddhism.

lamassu /ləˈmasuː/ lamassu lamassus n
lamassu
An Assyrian protective deity, often depicted as having the head of a human, the body of an ox or lion, and the wings of a bird.

lamb /læm/ [lɛəm] lamber lambren lambs n
agneau agnelle
A young sheep.
agneau
(uncountable) The flesh of a lamb or sheep used as food.
(figuratively) A person who is meek, docile and easily led.

lamb /læm/ [lɛəm] v
mettre bas
(intransitive) Of a sheep, to give birth.

lamb's ears n
oreille d'ours épiaire laineuse
Stachys byzantina, an ornamental low-growing perennial related to betony with soft, silky hairs on the leaves which give it an attractive silvery-gray color.

lambada lambadas n
lambada
(preceded by definite article) A fast-paced, erotic Brazilian dance in which couples dance with their stomachs touching.

lambaste /læmˈbeɪst/ /læmˈbæst/ v
blamer gronder reprimander
To scold, reprimand or criticize harshly.
battre quelqu'un rouer de coups tabbasser
(dated in UK English but not US English) To give a thrashing to; to beat severely.

lambda /ˈlæm.də/ lambdas n
lambda
The eleventh letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabet, the twelfth of the Old Greek alphabet.

lambda function lambda functions n
fonction anonyme fonction lambda
(programming) An anonymous function; a function that is defined in an inline, ad-hoc manner, and often doesn't have a name (not bound to an identifier).

lambert lamberts n
lambert

lambkin /ˈlæmkɪn/ lambkins n
agnelet
A young lamb, a very young sheep.

lame /leɪm/ lamer lamest adj
boiteux boiteuse
Unable to walk properly because of a problem with one's feet or legs.
bancal bateau nul pitoyable
(colloquial) Unconvincing or unbelievable.
naze nul poche ringard
(colloquial) Synonym of uncool, uninteresting, or unfunny.

lame duck lame ducks n
boulet canard boiteux
(colloquial) A person or thing that is helpless, inefficient, or disabled.
canard boiteux
(US, politics) An elected official who has lost the recent election or is not eligible for reelection and is marking time until leaving office.

lamed /ˈlɑːmɛd/ lameds n
lamed lamedh lamèd
The twelfth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ laments n
lamentation plainte
An expression of grief, suffering, sadness or regret.
complainte lamentation
A song expressing grief.

lament /ləˈmɛnt/ v
plaindre se lamenter
(intransitive) To express grief; to weep or wail; to mourn.
plaindre
(transitive) To express great sorrow or regret over; to bewail.

lamentable /ləˈmɛn.tə.bəl/ /ˈlæm.ən.tə.bəl/ more lamentable most lamentable adj
déplorable lamentable
Causing sorrow, distress or regret; deplorable, pitiful or distressing.

lamentation /ˌlæm.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌlæm.ɪnˈteɪ.ʃən/ lamentations n
gémissement lamentation

lamia /ˈleɪ.mi.ə/ /ˈleɪmɪə/ lamiae lamias n
lamie
(Greek mythology) A monster preying upon human beings, who sucked the blood of children, often described as having the head and breasts of a woman and the lower half of a serpent.

lamina /ˈlæm.ɪ.nə/ [ˈlɛəm.ɪ.nə] laminae laminas laminæ n
lame lamelle
a thin layer, plate, or scale of material

laminate /ˈlæmɪneɪt/ /ˈlæmɪnət/ laminates n
lamifié stratifié
Material formed of thin sheets glued together.

laminate /ˈlæmɪneɪt/ /ˈlæmɪnət/ v
lamifier stratifier
To assemble from thin sheets glued together.
plastifier
To cover something flat, usually paper, in adhesive protective plastic.

laminate flooring laminate floorings n
laminé revêtement de sols stratifiés sol stratifié
Multi-layer synthetic flooring product fused together with a lamination process and simulating wood.

laminated more laminated most laminated adj
laminé
Made by lamination.
lamellé
Consisting of many thin layers.

lamination /ˌlæm.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ /ˌlæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ laminations n
laminage
The process of laminating, joining together thin layers.

laminator laminators n
machine à plastifier
A device that laminates.

lammergeier /ˈlaməɡaɪə/ /ˈlamɚɡaɪɚ/ lammergeiers n
gypaète
A long-winged vulture, Gypaetus barbatus, found in southern Europe, Africa and India.

lamp /læmp/ [leəmp] [lɛəmp] [lɛːmp] lamps n
lampe
A device that generates heat, light or other radiation. Especially an electric light bulb.
A device containing oil, burnt through a wick for illumination; an oil lamp.

lampate lampates n
lampate
(chemistry, obsolete) A supposed salt of lampic acid.

lampblack lampblacks n
noir de fumée
An amorphous form of carbon made from incompletely burned organic matter; used to make pigments and inks.

lampoon /læmˈpuːn/ lampoons n
pasquin libelle
A written attack or other work ridiculing a person, group, or institution; especially, a satirical one.

lamppost lampposts n
lampadaire réverbère
The pole that holds up a light so it can illuminate a wide area, such as holds up a streetlight.

lamprey /ˈlæm.pɹeɪ/ /ˈlæm.pɹi/ lampreys n
lamproie
Any long slender primitive eel-like freshwater and saltwater fish of the order Petromyzontiformes, having a sucking mouth with rasping teeth but no jaw.

lampshade /ˈlæmp.ʃeɪd/ lampshades n
abat-jour
A cover over a lamp to either diffuse the light or to block it in certain directions to avoid glare in the eyes.

lance /læns/ /lɑːns/ lances n
lance
A weapon of war, consisting of a long shaft or handle and a steel blade or head; a spear carried by horsemen.
A wooden spear, sometimes hollow, used in jousting or tilting, designed to shatter on impact with the opposing knight’s armour.
(fishing) A spear or harpoon used by whalers and fishermen.
(military) A soldier armed with a lance; a lancer.

lance corporal lance corporals n
caporal postiche caporal suppléant soldat de première classe
(US) An enlisted rank of grade E-3 in the United States Marine Corps, ranking above private first class and below corporal. Abbreviated as LCpl.

lance rest lance rests n
arrêt arrêt de cuirasse

lanceolate more lanceolate most lanceolate adj
lancéolé
(botany, mycology) Having the general shape of a lance; much longer than wide, with the widest part lower than the middle and a pointed apex.

lanceolated warbler lanceolated warblers n
locustelle lancéolée
Locustella lanceolata, an Old World warbler.

lancer lancers n
lancier
(military) A cavalry soldier armed with a lance weapon.

lancet /læn.sɪt/ /lɑːn.sɪt/ lancets n
lancette
A sharp, pointed, two-edged surgical instrument used in venesection and for opening abscesses etc.

land /lænd/ [ɫeə̯nd] lands n
terre
The part of Earth which is not covered by oceans or other bodies of water.
(agriculture) The ground left unploughed between furrows; any of several portions into which a field is divided for ploughing.
terre terrain
Real estate or landed property; a partitioned and measurable area which is owned and acquired and on which buildings and structures can be built and erected.
pays contrée
A country or region.
patrie pays
A person's country of origin and/or homeplace; homeland.

land /lænd/ [ɫeə̯nd] v
atterrir poser
(intransitive) To descend to a surface, especially from the air.
aborder
(intransitive) To arrive on land, especially a shore or dock, from a body of water.
poser atterrir
(transitive) To bring to land.

land ahoy interjection
terre en vue
(nautical) Shouted by the ship's watch to inform the crew that land has been spotted.

land bridge land bridges n
pont terrestre
(biogeography) An isthmus or other land connection between what at other times are separate land masses.

land clearer land clearers n
défricheur
Someone or something that clears land of vegetation, usually in preparation for development.

land mine /ˈlænd.maɪn/ land mines n
mine terrestre mine
(military) A mine that is placed on land and designed to explode when stepped upon or touched.

land of Nod /ˈlænd əv ˈnɑd/ /ˈlænd əv ˈnɒd/ pn
pays des rêves

land on one's feet v
retomber sur ses pattes

land surveyor land surveyors n
arpenteur géomètre
a professional who measures land, delineates property boundaries, etc.

lander [ˈlændə] [ˈlændɚ] landers n
atterrisseur
A spacecraft, particularly a probe, designed to set down on the surface of another celestial body.

landfill /ˈlænd.fɪl/ landfills n
décharge dépotoir
(countable) A site at which refuse is buried under layers of earth.

landform /ˈlænd.fɔɹm/ /ˈlænd.fɔːm/ landforms n
modelé
Any geological feature, such as a mountain or valley.

landgrave landgraves n
landgrave
County nobleman in the British, privately held North American colony Carolina, ranking just below the proprietary (chartered equivalent of a royal vassal).

landgraviate landgraviates n
landgraviat

landing /ˈlændɪŋ/ landings n
atterrissage
An arrival at a surface, as of an airplane or any descending object.
palier
A level area at the top of a flight of stairs, or connecting one flight with another.

landing craft landing craft landing crafts n
chaland de débarquement
(nautical, military) A type of flat-bottomed boat used to transport infantry and vehicles onto a shore during an assault from the sea.

landing gear landing gears n
train d'atterrissage
(uncountable, countable, aviation) The wheels, tyres, brakes, shock absorbers etc of an aircraft; its undercarriage.

landing net landing nets n
épuisette
(fishing) A fishnet mounted on a ring which is connected to a handle, used by anglers to secure a catch when pulling it out of the water by the line to which it is hooked.

landing page landing pages n
atterripage
(web design, marketing) A web page at which a user first arrives at a website, now especially one optimized for a marketing campaign or for lead generation.

landing strip landing strips n
piste d'atterrissage
(aviation) A runway for aircraft, especially one which is auxiliary or temporary.
ticket de métro
(idiomatic) A cultivated pubic hair pattern in which much of the pubic hair is removed, leaving only a central vertical line or rectangle.

landlady /ˈlændˌleɪ.di/ landladies n
propriétaire
A female landlord.

landline landlines n
ligne fixe
A fixed telephone communications cable; originally, one run over land, as opposed to a submarine cable.
téléphone fixe
(by extension) A telephone connected by such a fixed wire, specifically not wireless/mobile.

landlocked /ˈlændlɑkt/ /ˈlændlɒkt/ adj
enclavé sans littoral
(of a country, geographical region, etc.) Surrounded by land (having no borders with the sea).

landlord /ˈlænd.lɔɹd/ /ˈlænd.lɔːd/ landlords n
propriétaire bailleur
A person that leases real property; a lessor.
(surfing, slang, with "the") A shark, imagined as the owner of the surf to be avoided.
propriétaire patron
(chiefly, British) The owner or manager of a public house.

landlubber /ˈlænd.lʌ.bə/ /ˈlænd.lʌ.bɚ/ landlubbers n
marin d'eau douce
(nautical, pejorative) Someone unfamiliar with the sea or seamanship, especially a novice seaman.

landmark /ˈlændmɑɹk/ landmarks n
repère point de repère amer
A recognizable natural or man-made feature used for navigation.
site
A notable location with historical, cultural, or geographical significance.

landmass /ˈlænd.mæs/ landmasses n
masse terrestre
(geography) A large, continuous area of land surrounded by sea or contiguous with another landmass.

landowner /ˈlændˌoʊ.nɚ/ /ˈlændˌəʊ.nə/ landowners n
propriétaire terrien propriétaire terrienne
A person who owns land.

landplane landplanes n
avion terrestre
An aircraft that is designed to take off from, and land on, land (rather than water or snow).

landrace /ˈlændˌɹeɪs/ landraces n
race naturelle
(often, attributive) Any local variety of a domesticated animal or plant species that has adapted over time to its ecological and cultural environment (including, in some cases, its work). [from late 19th c.]

landscape /ˈlan(d)skeɪp/ /ˈlæn(d)skɪp/ landscapes n
paysage
A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.
A picture representing a real or imaginary scene by land or sea, the main subject being the general aspect of nature, as fields, hills, forests, water, etc.
The pictorial aspect of a country.
(computing, printing, uncountable) a mode of printing where the horizontal sides are longer than the vertical sides

landscape gardener landscape gardeners n
paysagiste
Someone who does landscape gardening.

landslide /ˈlænd.slaɪd/ landslides n
glissement de terrain
A natural disaster that involves the breakup and downhill flow of rock, mud, water and anything caught in the path.

landslide victory landslide victories n
victoire écrasante
(politics) an overwhelming victory in an election

landspout landspouts n
tornade de poussière

lane /leɪn/ lanes n
ruelle chemin allée
A narrow passageway between fences, walls, hedges or trees.
voie
A lengthwise division of roadway intended for a single line of vehicles.
couloir couloir aérien
A course designated for ships or aircraft.

language /ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ/ [ˈleɪŋɡwɪd͡ʒ] languages n
langue langage
(countable) A body of words, and set of methods of combining them (called a grammar), understood by a community and used as a form of communication.
langage langue
(uncountable) The ability to communicate using words.
(countable, uncountable, figurative) The expression of thought (the communication of meaning) in a specified way; that which communicates something, as language does.
(computing, countable) A computer language; a machine language.
langage jargon
(uncountable) A sublanguage: the slang of a particular community or jargon of a particular specialist field.
langage parler
(uncountable) The particular words used in a speech or a passage of text.

language barrier language barriers n
barrière linguistique
A conceptual barrier to effective communication, occurring when people who speak different languages attempt to communicate with each other.

language border language borders n
frontière linguistique

language code language codes n
code de langue
short alphabetic or numeric identifier assigned to a language.

language exchange language exchanges n
échange linguistique
A method of language learning based on mutual practice by learning partners who speak different languages.

language family language families n
famille de langues
(linguistics) A set of languages which have evolved from a common ancestor.

language isolate language isolates n
isolat langue isolée
(linguistics) A natural language with no proven genetic relationship to another language.

language police n
police de la langue
(informal, derogatory) Any person or group crusading for a particular usage or omission within a language.

language proficiency language proficiencies n
compétence linguistique connaissance en la langue connaissances linguistiques maîtrise d’une langue niveau de langue
(This entry is a translation hub.)

language school language schools n
école de langues
A school where foreign languages are taught

langued adj
lampassé
(heraldry) Having the tongue visible.

languid /ˈlæŋɡwəd/ /ˈlæŋɡwɪd/ more languid most languid adj
faiblard faible languide
Of a person or their actions, character, etc.: lacking drive, emotion, or enthusiasm; apathetic, listless, spiritless, unenthusiastic.
apathique
Of an idea, writing, etc.: dull, uninteresting.

languish /ˈlæŋ.ɡwɪʃ/ v
devenir étique dépérir se cachectiser se rabougrir
(intransitive) To lose strength and become weak; to be in a state of weakness or sickness. [from 14th c.]
languir mourir
(intransitive) To pine away in longing for something; to have low spirits, especially from lovesickness. [from 14th c.]
traîner une misérable éxistence vivoter
(intransitive) To live in miserable or disheartening conditions. [from 15th c.]
décliner marquer le pas patauger piétiner péricliter stagner
(intransitive) To be neglected; to make little progress, be unsuccessful. [from 17th c.]

languor /ˈlæŋ(ɡ)ɚ/ /ˈlæŋɡə/ languors n
langueur
(uncountable) A state of the body or mind caused by exhaustion or disease and characterized by a languid or weary feeling; lassitude; (countable) an instance of this.

languorous /ˈlæŋ(ɡ)ərəs/ /ˈlæŋɡərəs/ more languorous most languorous adj
langoureux
lacking energy, spirit, liveliness or vitality; languid, lackadaisical.

lank /læŋk/ lanker lankest adj
plats
(of hair) Straight and flat; thin and limp. (Often associated with being greasy.)

lanky /ˈlæŋk.i/ lankier lankiest adj
dégingandé
(informal) Tall, slim, and rather ungraceful or awkward.

lanolin lanolins n
lanoline
A greasy yellow substance chemically akin to wax that is secreted from wooly animals, with a variety of uses from rust prevention, lubrication and waterproofing to cosmetics and skin ointments.

lansquenet /ˈlanskəˌnɛt/ /ˈlɑːnskəˌnɛt/ /ˌlænskəˈnɛt/ lansquenets n
lansquenet
(countable, historical) Any of a class of German mercenaries of the 15th and 16th centuries, most of whom were pikemen and foot soldiers.
(uncountable) A gambling card game in which the dealer is given an initial card and the players another; cards are then turned up until the value (rank) of one of those cards is met.

lantern /ˈlæntən/ /ˈlɛən(t)ɚn/ lanterns n
lanterne
A case of translucent or transparent material made to protect a flame, or light, used to illuminate its surroundings.
(architecture) A smaller and secondary cupola crowning a larger one, for ornament, or to admit light.
(steam engines) A kind of cage inserted in a stuffing box and surrounding a piston rod, to separate the packing into two parts and form a chamber between for the reception of steam, etc.; a lantern brass.

lantern wheel lantern wheels n
lanterne pignon à lanterne
A pinion with cylindrical staves, instead of teeth, inserted at their ends in two parallel disks or plates.

lanternfish lanternfish lanternfishes n
poissons-lanternes
any of small, deep sea fish of the large family Myctophidae, named after their conspicuous use of bioluminescence.

lanthanum /ˈlænθənəm/ lanthanums n
lanthane
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol La) with an atomic number of 57: a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air.

lanugo /ləˈnjuːɡəʊ/ lanugos n
lanugo
Soft down or fine hair, specifically that covering the human foetus or a tumorous area.

lanyard /ˈlæn.jəd/ /ˈlæn.jɚd/ /ˈlænˌjɑɹd/ /ˈlænˌjɑːd/ /ˈɫænjəd/ lanyards n
dragonne lanière
(by extension) A cord worn around the neck, shoulder, or wrist which is attached to a small object to be carried such as an identity card or security pass, key, knife, or whistle.

laogai n
laogai

lap /læp/ laps n
côté
The loose part of a coat; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely; a skirt; an apron.
giron
The part of the clothing that lies on the knees or thighs when one sits down; that part of the person thus covered.
giron genoux
The upper legs of a seated person.
tour de circuit
(sports) One circuit around a race track.

lap /læp/ v
laper
(ambitransitive) To take (liquid) into the mouth with the tongue; to lick up with a quick motion of the tongue.
prendre un tour
(transitive, sports, motor racing) To overtake a straggler in a race by completing one more whole lap than the straggler.

lap cheong n
lap cheong saucisse chinoise
A type of sausage from southern China, used in Cantonese cuisine.

lap dance lap dances n
danse-contact lap dance
An erotic form of entertainment, typically at a men's club, where a naked or nearly-nude performer straddles a customer and moves in a rhythmic, sexual manner over his or her lap.

lap dissolve lap dissolves n
fondu enchaîné
(film) A dissolve from one image or scene to another.

lap dog /ˈlæpdɒɡ/ lap dogs n
bichon chien de manchon chien de salon chien-chien
(cynology) A small toy dog, kept as household pet, whose light weight and companionable temperament make it both suited and disposed to spend time resting in the comfort of its master's lap; a dog bred to behave in this manner.

laparoscopic adj
laparoscopique
Of, relating to, or using laparoscopy or a laparoscope.

laparoscopy /lapəˈɹɒskəpi/ laparoscopies n
laparoscopie
(medicine) Examination of the loins or abdomen, now specifically examination or surgery on the peritoneal cavity using a laparoscope.

laparotomy laparotomies n
laparotomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure for making an incision in the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. Performed either as exploratory surgery, or as the first step in an abdominal operation.

lapel /ləˈpɛl/ lapels n
revers colbac
Each of the two triangular pieces of cloth on the front of a jacket or coat that are folded back below the throat, leaving a triangular opening between.

lapicide /ˈlæpɪsaɪd/ lapicides n
lapicide
A stonecutter.

lapidary /ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdəɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdɹi/ adj
lapidaire
Of or pertaining to gems and precious stones, or the art of working them.
Of a piece of writing or a writing style: characteristic of or suitable for an inscription; embodying the precision and refinement of inscriptions on monuments; concise and stately.
Of an inscription: engraved on stone.
(archaic, rare) Of or pertaining to stones in general.

lapidary /ˈlæpəˌdɛɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdəɹi/ /ˈlæpɪdɹi/ lapidaries n
lapidaire
A person who cuts and polishes, engraves, or deals in gems and precious stones.
The field in which such a person works, a subfield of gemology.
(except, historical) A treatise on (precious) stones.

lapidate /ˈlæpɪˌdeɪt/ v
lapider
(transitive, legal) To throw stones or other objects at, as punishment, sometimes until death.

lapidation /ˌlæpɪˈdeɪʃən/ lapidations n
lapidation
(legal) The practice or act of stoning, sometimes to the point of death, as punishment

lapinize v
lapiniser

lapis lazuli /ləˈzu.li/ /ˈlaz.jʊ.li/ /ˈlæz.(j)ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.laɪ/ /ˈlæʒ.ə.li/ /ˌlap.ɪs ˈlaz.jʊ.laɪ/ /ˌlæp.ɪs ˈlæz.(j)ə.li/ lapides lazuli lapis lazulis n
lapis-lazuli
(color) A deep, bright blue, like that of the stone.

lappet lappets n
bout
A small decorative fold or flap, especially of lace or muslin, in a garment or headdress.

lapping /ˈlæpɪŋ/ lappings n
garniture
(lutherie) Lengths of fine silk, metal wire, or whalebone wrapped tightly around the stick of the bow of a string instrument adjacent to the leather part of the bow grip at the heel.

lapse /læps/ lapses n
erreur faute
A temporary failure; a slip.

lapti n
lapti
A pair of the old traditional East Slavic (especially Russian) bast shoes, an obsolete traditional footwear of forest areas of Northern Europe, formerly worn by poorer members of the Finnic peoples, Balts, and East Slavs.

laptop /ˈlæp.tɑp/ /ˈlæp.tɒp/ laptops n
portable ordinateur portable
(computing) A laptop computer.

lapwing /ˈlæpwɪŋ/ lapwings n
vanneau vanneau huppé
Any of several medium-sized wading birds belonging to the subfamily Vanellinae, within family Charadriidae.

larceny /ˈlɑɹ.sə.ni/ /ˈlɑː.sən.i/ /ˈlɑː.sɪ.ni/ larcenies n
larcin vol
(legal, uncountable) The unlawful taking of personal property as an attempt to deprive the legal owner of it permanently. [from mid-15th c.]
(legal, countable) A larcenous act attributable to an individual.

larch /ˈlɑɹt͡ʃ/ /ˈlɑːtʃ/ larches n
mélèze
(countable) A coniferous tree, of genus Larix, having deciduous leaves, in fascicles.
(uncountable) The wood of the larch.

lard /lɑɹd/ /lɑːd/ lards n
saindoux lard
Fat from the abdomen of a pig, especially as prepared for use in cooking or pharmacy.

larder /ˈlɑɹ.dɚ/ /ˈlɑː.də/ larders n
garde-manger cellier
A cool room in a domestic house where food is stored, but larger than a pantry.

large /lɑɹd͡ʒ/ /lɑːd͡ʒ/ larger largest adj
grand
Of considerable or relatively great size or extent.

large intestine large intestines n
gros intestin
(anatomy) The second to last part of the digestive system, comprising the cecum, colon and rectum.

large-scale more large-scale most large-scale adj
sur grande échelle sur vaste échelle
à grande échelle
Large in amount, scope or extent.
(of a map or image) Drawn large so as to show detail.

large-sized larger-sized largest-sized adj
de grande dimension de grande taille grand

large-tailed antshrike large-tailed antshrikes n
batara de Leach
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Mackenziaena leachii, syn. Thamnophilus leachii

largely /ˈlaːd͡ʒ.li/ /ˈlɑɹd͡ʒ.li/ /ˈlɑːd͡ʒ.li/ largelier largeliest more largely most largely adv
en grande partie largement
In a widespread or large manner.
en général pour la plupart
For the most part; mainly or chiefly.

larger than life adj
plus grand que nature
Of greater size or magnitude than is naturally or normally the case; of larger size than life-size.

largesse /lɑɹˈ(d)ʒɛs/ /lɑːˈ(d)ʒɛs/ largesses n
largesse
The trait of being willing to donate money, resources, or time; generosity, liberality.
largesses
(also, figuratively) A specific gift of money, etc., given in this way, specifically (historical) at harvest time; a donation, a gratuity.

lark /lɑɹk/ /lɑːk/ larks n
alouette
Any of various small, singing passerine birds of the family Alaudidae.
lève-tôt alouette
(by extension) One who wakes early; one who is up with the larks.

larkspur larkspurs n
dauphinelle pied d’alouette
A delphinium: any plant of the genus Delphinium, especially Delphinium ajacis and other plants of the subgenus Delphinium subg. Consolida

larva /ˈlɑɹ.və/ /ˈlɑː.və/ larvae larvas larvæ n
larve
An animal in the aforementioned stage.
(figurative) A preliminary stage of someone or something, before it has fully matured, especially a time of growth rather than one of performance.

laryngeal /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /ləˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /ləˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/ /ˌlæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌlɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ adj
laryngien laryngique laryngé
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the larynx.

laryngitic more laryngitic most laryngitic adj
laryngiteux

laryngitis /læɹɪnˈd͡ʒaɪtɪs/ /lɛɹɪnˈd͡ʒaɪtɪs/ laryngites laryngitides n
laryngite
An inflammation of the larynx, typically resulting in hoarseness.

laryngological adj
laryngologique
Of or pertaining to laryngology.

laryngologist laryngologists n
laryngologue
A person who studies or specializes in laryngology; a subspeciality of otorhinolaryngology.

laryngology n
laryngologie
The branch of physiology dealing with the larynx and its disorders.

laryngoscope laryngoscopes n
laryngoscope
An endoscope used for viewing the interior of the larynx.

laryngospasm laryngospasms n
laryngospasme
An uncontrolled, spasmodic closure of the larynx

larynx /ˈlæ.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈlæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈlɛɹ.ɪŋks/ larynges larynxes n
larynx
(anatomy, zootomy) A hollow muscular organ of the neck of mammals situated just below where the tract of the pharynx splits into the trachea and the oesophagus. It is involved in breath control and protection of the trachea, and, because it houses the vocal cords, sound production.

lasagna /lɘˈsɐː.njɘ/ /lɘˈzɐː.njɘ/ /ləˈsɑː.njə/ /ləˈzæn.jə/ /ləˈzɑ.njə/ /ləˈzɑː.njə/ lasagnas lasagne n
lasagne
An Italian baked dish comprising layers of such pasta with various ingredients (usually a meat ragù (chiefly Bolognese), a fish ragù or a vegetarian/vegetable ragù with bechamel sauce).

lascivious /ləˈsɪviəs/ more lascivious most lascivious adj
lascif lubrique
Wanton; lewd, driven by lust, lustful.

lasciviousness n
lascivité
The characteristic or state of being lascivious.

laser /ˈleɪz.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈleɪzɚ/ lasers n
laser
A beam of light produced by such a device; a laser beam.

laser beam laser beams n
rayon laser
The light emitted by a laser.

laser focus laser focuses n
concentration chirurgicale

laser pointer laser pointers n
pointeur laser
A device that emits a highly concentrated beam of light to highlight items of interest at some distance

laser printer laser printers n
imprimante à laser
(computer hardware) A computer printer that uses a laser beam to produce an image on a rotating drum before transferring it to the paper.

laserwort laserworts n
laser
An umbelliferous plant (Laserpitium latifolium) from which the resin laser was obtained.

lash /læʃ/ lashes n
lanière
The thong or braided cord of a whip, with which the blow is given.
coup de fouet
A stroke with a whip, or anything pliant and tough, often given as a punishment.

lash /læʃ/ v
fouetter
(transitive) To strike with a lash; to whip or scourge with a lash, or with something like one.
gronder
(transitive) To scold; or to satirize; to censure with severity.

lash out v
vitupérer
(figurative) To make a fierce verbal attack.

lass /læs/ lasses n
demoiselle fille fillette jeune femme jeune fille nana
(archaic, _, in some dialects, informal) A young woman or girl.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ adj
dernier
Final, ultimate, coming after all others of its kind.
Most recent, latest, last so far.
Farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ adv
finalement en dernier
(sequence) after everything else; finally

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ lasts n
forme
A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.

last /last/ /læst/ /lɑːst/ /ɫast/ v
durer
(intransitive) To endure, continue over time.

last but not least /ˈlæst bʌt nɑt ˈlist/ /ˈlɑːst bʌt nɒt ˈliːst/ adv
dernier mais non des moindres
An expression to start the last item of a list, emphasising that while it is listed last, it is just as important as the rest of the items.

last call last calls n
dernier appel
In a bar, the announcement that the establishment will soon be closing and that this is the final opportunity to buy drinks.

last gasp last gasps n
dernier souffle dernier soupir
The last gasp or breath a person takes before death.

last mile /ˌlæst ˈmaɪl/ /ˌlæst-/ /ˌlɑːst ˈmaɪl/ last miles n
dernier kilomètre
(telecommunications) The portion of the infrastructure that carries communication signals from the main system to the end user's business or home, often involving greater expense to install and maintain, and lower transmission speeds.

last minute more last minute most last minute adj
de dernière minute
(idiomatic) Very close to a deadline.

last night adv
hier soir
during the previous day’s nighttime; during the night before today (This entry is a translation hub.)

last night n
hier soir
(often, used adverbially) The evening or night immediately before the present. (This entry is a translation hub.)

last resort last resorts n
dernier recours
(idiomatic) The only remaining, often least desirable, option when all others have been excluded.

last respects n
dernier adieu

last stand /læst stænd/ /lɑːst stænd/ [lɑːst stænd] [ɫæst stɛə̯nd] last stands n
baroud d'honneur

last straw n
la goutte d’eau qui fait déborder le vase
(idiomatic, almost always preceded by the) A small addition to a burden which causes it to exceed the capacity.

last time n
dernière fois
The previous occurrence.

last week adv
la semaine dernière
(This entry is a translation hub.)

last word last words n
dernière paroles
(often, pluralized) The final statement uttered by a person before death.

last words n
derniers mots dernières paroles
The final remarks uttered by a person before death.

last year adv
[[l']]an dernier [[l']]an passé [[l']]année dernière [[l']]année passée
(This entry is a translation hub.)

last-ditch adj
de la dernière chance
(idiomatic) Final, as a last resort; done in desperation.

lastborn /ˈlæst.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ /ˈlɑːst.ˌbɔː(ɹ)n/ [ˈlæst.ˌbɔɚ̯n] [ˈlɑːst.ˌbɔːn] lastborns n
dernier-né dernier-née
The youngest child of a family.

lasting /ˈlastɪŋ/ /ˈleəstɪŋ/ /ˈlæstɪŋ/ /ˈlɑːstɪŋ/ more lasting most lasting adj
permanent permanente
Persisting for an extended period of time.

lastly /ˈlæstli/ /ˈlɑːstli/ adv
finalement
(discourse marker) Used to signal that the speaker is about to yield control of the conversation.

latch /læt͡ʃ/ latches n
loquet verrou
A fastening for a door that has a bar that fits into a notch or slot, and is lifted by a lever or string from either side.

latchkey kid latchkey kids n
enfant à clé
(informal) A schoolchild who carries keys to his or her house because there is usually no parent home when school finishes.

late /leɪt/ later latest adj
tard en retard
Near the end of a period of time.
Specifically, near the end of the day.
en retard
Not arriving or occurring until after an expected time.
défunt feu regretté regrettée
(not comparable, euphemistic) Deceased, dead: used particularly when speaking of the dead person's actions while alive. (Generally must be preceded by a possessive or an article, commonly "the"; see usage notes. Can itself only precede the person's name, never follow it.)

late /leɪt/ later latest adv
tard en retard
After a deadline has passed, past a designated time.

late antique more late antique most late antique adj
tardo-antique
(history) Of or pertaining to Late Antiquity (period of history).

late capitalism late capitalisms n
capitalisme tardif
The most recent or current form of capitalism, especially as characterized by monopoly, globalization, exploitation, and excess.

late fee late fees n
frais de retard pénalité de retard
A fee charged by a library for the late return of an item

late lamented adj
regretté
Sadly missed due to death

late riser late risers n
lève-tard
Someone who gets up late in the morning.

latecomer /ˈleɪtˌkʌm.ə/ /ˈleɪtˌkʌm.ɚ/ latecomers n
retardataire
One who arrived late.

lateen /læˈtiːn/ /ləˈtin/ /ləˈtiːn/ lateens n
voile latine
(nautical) A triangular fore-and-aft sail set on a boom in such way that the tack is attached to the hull of the vessel and the free end of the boom lifts the sail.

latency /ˈleɪ.tən.si/ latencies n
latence
(electronics) A delay, an interval between the initiation of something and the occurrence.
(medicine) The delay between a stimulus and the response it triggers in an organism.

latent /ˈleɪ.tənt/ adj
latent
Existing or present but concealed or inactive.

latent heat latent heats n
enthalpie de changement d'état
(physics) the heat that is released or absorbed accompanying a change of state or of phase

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] adj
più in ritardo plus en retard postérieur
Coming afterward in time (used with than when comparing with another time).
più in ritardo plus en retard
Coming afterward in distance (following an antecedent distance as embedded within an adverbial phrase)
At some time in the future.

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] adv
plus en retard plus tard
Afterward in time (used with than when comparing with another time).
plus tard plus en retard
At some unspecified time in the future.

later /ˈleɪtə/ /ˈleɪtɚ/ [ˈleɪ̯ɾɚ] interjection
à plus
(slang) See you later; goodbye.

later on adv
ultérieurement

lateral /ˈlæt.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈlæt.ɹəl/ more lateral most lateral adj
latéral
(disease) Affecting the side or sides of the body, or confined to one side of the body.
(phonetics, phonology) (of a consonant, especially the English clear l) Pertaining to speech sounds generated by partially blocking the egress of the airstream with the tongue, leaving space on one or both sides of the occlusion for air passage.

lateral line lateral lines n
ligne latérale
A sense organ of a fish running lengthwise down each of its sides from the vicinity of the operculum to the base of the tail, used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water.

lateral thinking n
pensée latérale
Using reasoned thought in a non-standard, or non-linear logical, way to find a solution to a problem.

lateralization lateralizations n
latéralisation

laterally adv
latéralement
Done in a lateral manner.

laterite /ˈlatəɹʌɪt/ laterites n
latérite
A red hard or gravel-like soil or subsoil formed in the tropics that has been leached of soluble minerals leaving insoluble iron and aluminium oxides and hydroxides; used to make bricks and roads.

laters /ˈleɪtəz/ /ˈleɪtɚz/ interjection
a+ à plus à toute
(slang) see you later; an expression used at parting.

latest /ˈleɪ.tɪst/ adj
dernier en date
Most recent.

latex /ˈleɪtɛks/ /ˈleɪˌtɛks/ latexes latices n
latex
The milky sap of several trees that coagulates on exposure to air; used to make rubber.

lath /læθ/ /lɑːθ/ laths n
latte liteau volige
A thin, narrow strip, fastened to the rafters, studs, or floor beams of a building, for the purpose of supporting a covering of tiles, plastering, etc.

lathe /leɪð/ lathes n
tour
(tools, metalworking, woodworking) A machine tool used to shape a piece of material, or workpiece, by rotating the workpiece against a cutting tool.

lathe /leɪð/ v
tourner
To shape with a lathe.

lather /ˈlæð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæð.ɚ/ /ˈlɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ lathers n
mousse de savon
(countable, uncountable) The foam made by rapidly stirring soap and water.
écume
(countable, uncountable) Foam from profuse sweating, as of a horse.

lather /ˈlæð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæð.ɚ/ /ˈlɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ v
savonner
(transitive) To cover with lather.

laticlave /ˈlatɪkleɪv/ laticlaves n
laticlave
(historical) A badge of two wide purple stripes, worn by senators and certain other high-ranking people in ancient Rome.

latifundial /latɪˈfʌndɪəl/ more latifundial most latifundial adj
latifondiaire
Pertaining to latifundia.

latitude /ˈlæt.ə.tjud/ /ˈlæt.ɪ.tjuːd/ /ˈlæt.ɪ.tud/ latitudes n
latitude
(geography, astronomy, countable) The angular distance north or south from a planet's equator, measured along the meridian of that particular point.
(astronomy) The angular distance of a heavenly body from the ecliptic.
latitude parallèle
(geography) An imaginary line (in fact a circumference) around a planet running parallel to the planet's equator.
marge
(figurative) The relative freedom from restrictions; scope to do something.

latitudinal adj
latitudinal
Relating to latitude.

latitudinarian /lædɪtuːdəˈnɛɹi.ən/ /ˌlatɪtjuːdɪˈnɛːɹɪən/ more latitudinarian most latitudinarian adj
latitudinaire
Tolerant, especially of other people's religious views.

latitudinarian /lædɪtuːdəˈnɛɹi.ən/ /ˌlatɪtjuːdɪˈnɛːɹɪən/ latitudinarians n
latitudinaire
A person who is tolerant of others' religious views.

latreutic /ləˈtɹuːtɪk/ adj
latreutique
(religion) Relating to latria.

latrine /ləˈtɹiːn/ latrines n
latrine latrines
(India, otherwise, _, military) Any facility or device used for urination or defecation, whether toilet, lavatory, or outhouse.

latte /laˈteɪ/ /ˈlæ.teɪ/ /ˈlɑ.teɪ/ lattes n
café au lait
A drink of coffee made from espresso and steamed milk, generally topped with foam.
A similar drink, where the espresso is replaced with some other flavoring ingredient such as chai, maté or matcha (green tea).

latte art latte arts n
latte art
The art of creating such an image.

latter /ˈlæt.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlæt.əɹ/ [ˈlæɾ.ɚ] adj
dernier
Relating to or being the second of two items.
Near (or nearer) to the end.
In the past, but close (or closer) to the present time.

lattice /ˈlæt.ɪs/ lattices n
grillage treillage
treillis
A flat panel constructed with widely-spaced crossed thin strips of wood or other material, commonly used as a garden trellis.
grille lattis quadrillage réseau
(crystallography) A regular spacing or arrangement of geometric points, often decorated with a motif.

laud /lɑd/ /lɔd/ /lɔːd/ v
glorifier célébrer exalter
(transitive, intransitive) To praise; to glorify.

laudable /ˈlɔːdəbl/ more laudable most laudable adj
louable
Worthy of being lauded; praiseworthy; commendable

laudableness /ˈlɔːdəbəlnɪs/ n
laudabilité
The quality of being laudable; praiseworthiness; commendableness.

laudanum /ˈlɔːdnəm/ /ˈlɔːdənəm/ laudanums n
laudanum
(pharmacology) A tincture of opium, once widely used for various medical purposes and as a recreational drug.

laudatory /ˈlɔːdətɹi/ more laudatory most laudatory adj
élogieux
Of or pertaining to praise, or the expression of praise.

laugh /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ laughs n
rire
An expression of mirth particular to the human species; the sound heard in laughing; laughter.

laugh /laːf/ /læf/ /lɑːf/ v
rire
(intransitive) To show mirth, satisfaction, or derision, by peculiar movement of the muscles of the face, particularly of the mouth, causing a lighting up of the face and eyes, and usually accompanied by the emission of explosive or chuckling sounds from the chest and throat; to indulge in laughter.
(intransitive, figuratively, obsolete) To be or appear cheerful, pleasant, mirthful, lively, or brilliant; to sparkle; to sport.
(transitive) To affect or influence by means of laughter or ridicule.
(transitive) To express by, or utter with, laughter.
rire moquer
(intransitive, followed by "at") To make an object of laughter or ridicule; to make fun of; to deride; to mock.

laugh in one's sleeve v
rire dans sa barbe rire sous cape
(US, Canada, idiomatic) to laugh in secret or to oneself, usually gloatingly

laugh like a drain v
rire comme un bossu rire comme une baleine

laugh on the other side of one's face v
faire le malin

laugh one's head off v
fou rire
(idiomatic, informal) To laugh uproariously.

laughable /ˈlaːfəbl̩/ /ˈlæfəbl̩/ /ˈlɑːfəbl̩/ more laughable most laughable adj
risible
(now, rare) Fitted to excite laughter; humorous.
ridicule risible
Worthless; worthy of contempt or derision.

laughing gas n
gaz hilarant
Nitrous oxide, especially when used as an anaesthetic.

laughing kookaburra laughing kookaburras n
kookaburra martin-chasseur géant
A kookaburra of species Dacelo novaeguineae, native to eastern Australia and famed for its loud laugh-like call.

laughing stock laughing stocks n
risée objet de moquerie
(idiomatic) An object of ridicule, someone who is publicly ridiculed; the butt of a joke.

laughter /ˈlæftɚ/ /ˈlɑːftə/ laughters n
rire
A movement (usually involuntary) of the muscles of the laughing face, particularly of the lips, and of the whole body, with a peculiar expression of the eyes, indicating merriment, satisfaction or derision, and usually attended by a sonorous and interrupted expulsion of air from the lungs.

launch /lɑnt͡ʃ/ /lɑːnt͡ʃ/ /lɒnt͡ʃ/ /lɔnt͡ʃ/ /lɔːnt͡ʃ/ launches n
lancement
The act or fact of launching (a ship/vessel, a project, a new book, etc.).

launch /lɑnt͡ʃ/ /lɑːnt͡ʃ/ /lɒnt͡ʃ/ /lɔnt͡ʃ/ /lɔːnt͡ʃ/ v
lancer
(transitive) To throw (a projectile such as a lance, dart or ball); to hurl; to propel with force.
(transitive) To send out; to start (someone) on a mission or project; to give a start to (something); to put in operation

launch pad /ˈlɑntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔntʃ.pæd/ /ˈlɔːntʃ.pæd/ launch pads n
rampe de lancement aire de lancement
The surface or structure from which a launch is made.

launch window launch windows n
fenêtre de lancement fenêtre de tir

launcher /ˈlɑnt͡ʃ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔnt͡ʃ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːntʃ.ə/ launchers n
lanceur
(computing) An application that launches another or others, often holding icons or menus for frequently used programs.

launder /ˈlɑndɚ/ /ˈlɑːndə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔndɚ/ /ˈlɔːndə/ v
blanchir
To wash; to wash, and to smooth with a flatiron or mangle; to wash and iron.

launderette /lɔndəˈɹɛt/ /lɔːnˈdɹɛt/ launderettes n
laverie automatique buanderie lavomatique
A place that has facilities for washing and drying clothes that the public may pay to use.

laundry /ˈlɑn.dɹi/ /ˈlɑːn.dɹi/ /ˈlɔːn.dɹi/ laundries n
buanderie laverie blanchisserie blanchissage
A place or room where laundering is done - including, by extension, other forms of laundering than clothes washing.
linge lessive
That which needs to be, is being, or has been laundered. [from c. 1930]

laureate /ˈlɑɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɑɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.ət/ adj
lauréat lauréate
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Crowned, or decked, with laurel.

laureate /ˈlɑɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɑɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɒɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔɹ.i.ət/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˈlɔːɹ.i.ət/ laureates n
lauréat lauréate
(dated) One crowned with laurel, such as a poet laureate or Nobel laureate.

laurel /ˈlɒɹ.əl/ /ˈlɔɹ.əl/ /ˈlɔːɹ.əl/ laurels n
laurier
Laurus nobilis, an evergreen shrub having aromatic leaves of a lanceolate shape, with clusters of small, yellowish white flowers in their axils.
couronne de laurier couronne de lauriers
A crown of laurel.
lauriers
(figuratively, chiefly, in the plural) Honor, distinction, fame.

laurel wreath laurel wreaths n
couronne de laurier couronne de lauriers
A wreath, traditionally made of laurel, worn on the head as a symbol of victory.

lav /læv/ lavs n
petit coin
(British, slang)
(film, informal)

lava /ˈlævə/ /ˈlɑːvə/ lavas n
lave
The molten rock ejected by a volcano from its crater or fissured sides.

lava lake lava lakes n
lac de lave
(volcanology) A reservoir of molten lava contained in a volcanic vent, crater, or broad depression.

lava lamp lava lamps n
lampe à lave
A kind of lamp, typically used more for decoration than illumination, in which the gentle flow of randomly-shaped clumps of wax purportedly suggests the flowing of lava.

lavabo /ləˈveɪbəʊ/ lavaboes lavabos n
lavabo
A washbasin, particularly (Christianity) the one in a church used in the ritual.

lavalier /ˌlæv.əˈlɪɹ/ /ˌlɑv-/ lavaliers n
micro-cravate
An item of jewellery consisting of a pendant, sometimes with one stone, suspended from a necklace.

lavash /ləˈvaʃ/ /ləˈvɑːʃ/ lavashes n
lavash
A soft, thin flatbread made with flour, water, yeast, and salt, baked in a tandoor. Toasted sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds are sometimes sprinkled on it before baking. Traditionally made in Armenia and other countries of the Caucasus and the Middle East.

lavender /ˈlæv.ən.də/ /ˈlæv.ən.dɚ/ more lavender most lavender adj
bleu lavande lavande
(color) Having a pale purple colour.

lavender /ˈlæv.ən.də/ /ˈlæv.ən.dɚ/ lavenders n
lavande
Any of a group of European plants, genus, Lavandula, of the mint family.
bleu lavande lavande
(color) A pale bluish purple colour, like that of the lavender flower.

lavishly /ˈlævɪʃli/ more lavishly most lavishly adv
fastueusement
In a lavish manner, expending profusely.

lavishness /ˈlæv.ɪʃ.nəs/ /ˈlæv.ɪʃ.nɪs/ lavishnesses n
faste
The state or characteristic of being lavish.

law /lɑ/ /lɔ/ /lɔː/ /ɫoː/ laws n
loi droit
(usually with "the") The body of binding rules and regulations, customs, and standards established in a community by its legislative and judicial authorities.
Any rule that must or should be obeyed, concerning behaviours and their consequences. (Compare mores.)
loi
(mathematics, logic) A statement (of relation) that is true under specified conditions; a mathematical or logical rule.
(cricket) One of the official rules of cricket as codified by the its (former) governing body, the MCC.
loi théorème
A statement (in physics, etc) of an (observed, established) order or sequence or relationship of phenomena which is invariable under certain conditions. (Compare theory.)

law and order n
ordre public
The strict enforcement of law, statutes, and social conventions.

law clerk law clerks n
assistant de justice assistant du contentieux référendaire
A clerk who assists a judge with legal proceedings. Depending on the court, such positions may be professional careers or may be temporary positions for graduating law students.

law enforcement n
application de la loi
The task of ensuring obedience to the law.
forces de l'ordre
The various government agencies, regarded collectively, involved in the prevention of crime and the apprehension of criminals.

law firm law firms n
cabinet d'avocats
(legal) A business formed by one or more lawyers to engage in the practice of law.

law of excluded middle n
principe du tiers exclu
(logic) A logical principle which states all statements must be either true or false, i.e. in symbols: P \vee \neg P .

law of large numbers pn
loi des grands nombres
(statistics) The statistical tendency toward a fixed ratio in the results when an experiment is repeated a large number of times; law of averages.

law of nations n
droit des gens
Synonym of international law

law of the jungle n
loi de la jungle loi du plus fort
(idiomatic) The survival of the fittest, strongest, or most cunning

law of war laws of war n
droit de la guerre
Law concerning acceptable practices while engaged in war.

law school law schools n
faculté de droit
An academic institution at which post-graduate students are prepared for the practice of law.

law-abiding adj
respectueux de la loi
Obeying the laws of society; not a lawbreaker; without a criminal record.

lawbreaker lawbreakers n
criminel hors-la-loi
One who breaks (violates) the law, a criminal.

lawful /ˈlɔːfʊl/ more lawful most lawful adj
légal
(legal) Conforming to, or recognised by the laws of society.

lawless /ˈlɔːləs/ more lawless most lawless adj
anarchique sans foi ni loi
Not restrained by the law or by discipline; disorderly, unruly.

lawlessness lawlessnesses n
illégalité anarchie
A lack of law and order; anarchy.

lawman /ˈlɔmæn/ /ˈlɔmən/ /ˈlɔːmæn/ /ˈlɔːmən/ lawmen n
homme de loi
(informal) An officer of the law: a law-enforcement officer.

lawn /lɑn/ /lɔn/ /lɔːn/ lawns n
clairière
(England, historical, or, regional) An open space between woods.
gazon pelouse
Ground (generally in front of or around a house) covered with grass kept closely mown.

lawnmower /ˈlɑn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔn.moʊ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːn.məʊ.ə/ lawnmowers n
tondeuse à gazon tondeuse
A device used for cutting grass to a chosen height, typically of landscaped lawns of residences or institutions.

lawrencium /ləˈɹɛnsiəm/ n
lawrencium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Lr, formerly Lw) with atomic number 103.

lawsuit /ˈlɑˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔˌs(j)ut/ /ˈlɔːˌs(j)uːt/ lawsuits n
procès poursuite poursuite judiciaire
(legal) In civil law, a case where two or more people disagree and one or more of the parties take the case to a court for resolution.

lawyer /ˈlɔ.jɚ/ /ˈlɔɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈlɔːjə(ɹ)/ lawyers n
avocat avocate juriste femme de loi homme de loi
A professional person qualified (as by a law degree or bar exam) and authorized to practice law as an attorney-at-law, solicitor, advocate, barrister or equivalent, i.e. represent parties in lawsuits or trials and give legal advice.

lawyer's wig lawyer's wigs n
coprin chevelu
A certain edible mushroom (Coprinus comatus).

lax /læks/ laxer laxest adj
laxiste
Lenient and allowing for deviation; not strict.
Lacking care; neglectful, negligent.

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ more laxative most laxative adj
laxatif
Having the effect of moving the bowels, or aiding digestion and preventing constipation.

laxative /ˈlæk.sə.tɪv/ laxatives n
laxatif purgatif
Any substance, such as a food or in the form of a medicine which has a laxative effect.

lay /leɪ/ more lay most lay adj
laïque
Not belonging to the clergy, but associated with them.

lay /leɪ/ lays n
coup
(colloquial) A casual sexual partner.

lay /leɪ/ v
pondre
To produce and deposit an egg.
poser mettre coucher
To place down in a position of rest, or in a horizontal position.

lay an egg v
pondre
(of a bird or other egg-creating animal) To produce an egg.
faire un bide faire un flop
(idiomatic, of a person, organization, etc.) To produce a failure or flop; to do something which is unsuccessful.

lay bare v
découvrir exposer révéler
(figuratively) To expose to view, reveal, uncover.

lay down v
se coucher
(intransitive, nonstandard, proscribed) To lie down; to place oneself in a reclined or horizontal position, on a bed or similar, for the purpose of resting.

lay down one's arms v
déposer les armes

lay into v
assommer
(colloquial) To beat up or launch an attack against.
engueuler réprimander
(colloquial) To berate; to scold.

lay off v
licencier virer
(transitive, chiefly, US, idiom) (of an employer) To dismiss (workers) from employment, e.g. at a time of low business volume or through no fault of the worker, often with a severance package.

lay something at the feet of v
accuser
(transitive, idiomatic) To assign responsibility for (something) to (someone).

lay the groundwork v
préparer le terrain
(idiomatic, figurative) To create a foundation; to provide the basics or fundamentals.

layabout /ˈleɪəˌbaʊt/ layabouts n
fainéant glandeur
A lazy person.

layer /lɛə/ /lɛɚ/ /ˈleɪ.ə/ /ˈleɪ.ɚ/ layers n
couche
A single thickness of some material covering a surface.
An item of clothing worn under or over another.
A (usually) horizontal deposit; a stratum.
pondeuse
A hen kept to lay eggs.
calque
(computer graphics, by analogy to a stack of transparencies) one in a stack of (initially transparent) drawing surfaces that comprise an image; used to keep elements of an image separate so that they can be modified independently from one another.
marcotte
A shoot of a plant, laid underground for growth.

laying hen laying hens n
poule pondeuse
A hen raised for egg production, as opposed to a parent flock hen, raised to produce chicks.

laying on of hands layings on of hands n
apposition des mains imposition des mains
(religion, chiefly, Christianity) The practice of using touch to communicate spiritual energy from one person to another, especially as an act of healing.

layman /ˈleɪmən/ laymen n
laïc
Layperson, someone who is not an ordained cleric or member of the clergy.
profane
(by extension) Someone who is not a professional in a given field.

layoff layoffs n
chômage technique licenciement économique
(chiefly, US) A dismissal of employees from their jobs because of tightened budgetary constraints or work shortage (not due to poor performance or misconduct).

layout /ˈleɪ.aʊt/ layouts n
disposition schéma structure
A structured arrangement of items within certain limits.
mise en page maquette
(publishing) The process of arranging editorial content, advertising, graphics and other information to fit within certain constraints.
plan
(engineering) A map or a drawing of a construction site showing the position of roads, buildings or other constructions.

layover /ˈleɪˌəʊvə(ɹ)/ layovers n
escale
A break between stages of a journey.

layperson laypeople laypersons n
laïc laïque
A person who is not a cleric.
profane
One who is not intimately familiar with a given subject or activity.

lazaretto /ˌlæzəˈɹɛti/ /ˌlæzəˈɹɛtoʊ/ /ˌlæzəˈɹɛtəʊ/ [-ɾi] [-ɾoʊ] lazaretti lazarettoes lazarettos n
lazaret
(also, figuratively) A building such as a hospital, or occasionally a ship, used to temporarily isolate sick people to prevent the spread of infectious diseases; a quarantine. [from early 17th c.]
A place reserved for people with infectious diseases (especially leprosy or plague) to live on a long-term basis. [from mid 16th c.]

lazily more lazily most lazily adv
paresseusement
In a lazy manner.

laziness lazinesses n
paresse flemme
The quality of being lazy

lazurite lazurites n
lazurite
(mineral) A mineral of metamorphosed limestones. Lazurite forms the gemstone lapis lazuli, and crushed lazurite provided the ultramarine color in artists' paint of the Old Masters. Sodalite and lazurite form the sodalite group of silicate minerals. Chemical composition: Sodium aluminum silicate with sulphur, Na4-5Al3Si3O12S.

lazy /ˈleɪzi/ lazier laziest adj
paresseux fainéant
Unwilling to do work or make an effort; disinclined to exertion.
inactif
Causing or characterised by idleness; relaxed or leisurely.

lazybones lazybones n
fainéant flemmard fainéante
(slang) A person who is lazy.

lcm lcms n
PPCM
(mathematics) Initialism of least common multiple.

lea /leɪ/ /liː/ leas n
prairie
An open field, meadow, pasture.

leach /liːt͡ʃ/ v
lessiver
(transitive) To purge a soluble matter out of something by the action of a percolating fluid.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ leads n
diriger mener commander amener
(countable) The act of leading or conducting; guidance; direction, course
mener diriger
(countable) Precedence; advance position; also, the measure of precedence; the state of being ahead in a race; the highest score in an incomplete game.
guider diriger
(uncountable, card games, dominoes) The act or right of playing first in a game or round; the card suit, or piece, so played
In a steam engine, the width of port opening which is uncovered by the valve, for the admission or release of steam, at the instant when the piston is at end of its stroke.
conduire mener guider
(horology) The action of a tooth, such as a tooth of a wheel, in impelling another tooth or a pallet.
(music) A mark or a short passage in one voice part, as of a canon, serving as a cue for the entrance of others.
diriger conduire mener commander guider amener
Information obtained by a detective or police officer that allows him or her to discover further details about a crime or incident.
prospect
(marketing) Potential opportunity for a sale or transaction, a potential customer.
tuyau
Information obtained by a news reporter about an issue or subject that allows him or her to discover more details.

lead /lɛd/ leads n
plomb
(uncountable) A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished; both malleable and ductile, though with little tenacity. It is easily fusible, forms alloys with other metals, and is an ingredient of solder and type metal. Atomic number 82, symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum).
(slang) bullets; ammunition.
sonde
(countable, nautical) A plummet or mass of lead attached to a line, used in sounding depth at sea or (dated) to estimate velocity in knots.
interligne
A thin strip of type metal, used to separate lines of type in printing.
(uncountable, typography) Vertical space in advance of a row or between rows of text. Also known as leading.
mine
Sheets or plates of lead used as a covering for roofs.

lead /lid/ /liːd/ v
conduire mener guider amener
To guide or conduct oneself in, through, or along (a certain course); hence, to proceed in the way of; to follow the path or course of; to pass; to spend. Also, to cause (one) to proceed or follow in (a certain course).
diriger commander
To conduct or direct with authority; to have direction or charge of; to command, especially a military or business unit.
guider piste tuyau
To guide or conduct in a certain course, or to a certain place or end, by making the way known; to show the way, especially by going with or going in advance of, to lead a pupil; to guide somebody somewhere or to bring somebody somewhere by means of instructions.
mener amener prospect
To guide or conduct with the hand, or by means of some physical contact connection.
mener diriger
(intransitive) To have the highest interim score in a game.
(transitive) To go or to be in advance of; to precede; hence, to be foremost or chief among.
prospect
(heading, sport)
conduire amener pousser prospect
(transitive) To draw or direct by influence, whether good or bad; to prevail on; to induce; to entice; to allure
mener prospect
(intransitive) To tend or reach in a certain direction, or to a certain place.

lead /lɛd/ v
plomb mine sonde
(transitive) To cover, fill, or affect with lead.
plomb mine interligne sonde
(transitive, printing, historical) To place leads between the lines of.

lead astray v
induire
(transitive) To misguide or misdirect.

lead by the nose v
mener par le bout du nez

lead guitar lead guitars n
guitare solo
An electric guitar in a band that plays soloistically, usually playing melodically as opposed to strumming chords; supported by the rhythm guitar.

lead oxide n
oxyde de plomb
(inorganic compound) A yellow oxide of lead, PbO, used in the manufacture of paints and glass.

lead shot n
plomb
Small balls of lead, used as projectiles in shotguns, and as a weight in angling etc

lead time lead times n
délai de livraison délai de mise en œuvre
(idiomatic) The amount of time between the initiation of some process and its completion, e.g. the time required to manufacture or procure a product; the time required before something can be provided or delivered.

leader /ˈlidɚ/ /ˈliː.də(ɹ)/ leaders n
chef dirigeant leader chef de file
One having authority to direct.

leaderboard leaderboards n
classement
A board showing the ranking of leaders in a competition.

leadership /ˈlidɚʃɪp/ /ˈliːdəʃɪp/ leaderships n
leadership autorité charisme
The capacity of someone to lead others.

leading /ˈlɛdɪŋ/ n
interligne
(typography) Vertical space added between lines; line spacing.

leading edge leading edges n
bord d'attaque
(aeronautics) The frontmost edge of a wing or other airfoil of an aircraft; sometimes contains slots or slats

leading question leading questions n
question orientée question suggestive question tendancieuse
A question that suggests the answer or that contains the information for which the examiner is looking.

leading tone leading tones n
note sensible sensible

leaf /liːf/ leaves n
feuille
Anything resembling the leaf of a plant.
A sheet of any substance beaten or rolled until very thin.
(computing, mathematics) In a tree, a node that has no descendants.
feuille feuillet
(publishing, bookbinding, advertising) A sheet of a book, magazine, etc (consisting of two pages, one on each face of the leaf).
plateau rallonge feuille
A flat section used to extend the size of a table.
battant ouvrant vantail
(plural leaves or leafs) A moveable panel, e.g. of a bridge or door, originally one that hinged but now also applied to other forms of movement.

leaf /liːf/ v
feuiller
(intransitive) To produce leaves; put forth foliage.

leaf fat n
panne
The layers of fat that support the kidneys of a pig.

leaf litter n
feuilles mortes litière
Dead plant material, such as fallen leaves, bark, and twigs, that has fallen to the ground and may be used by animals as habitat or for nest-building, eventually decomposing and releasing nutrients into the soil.

leaf spring leaf springs n
ressort à lames
A spring in the form of a curved length(s) of steel, used in the suspension of wheeled vehicles

leaf through v
feuilleter
(transitive) To turn the pages of (a book) idly, reading short sections at random.

leaf-cutter ant leaf-cutter ants n
fourmi coupe-feuille
Any of the 41 species of ants in the genera Atta and Acromyrmex, that cut fragments from leaves and takes them to its colony's nest.

leaf-storm leaf-storms n
bourrasque de feuilles
A sudden whirlwind or downpour of leaves.

leaflet /ˈliːflɪt/ leaflets n
dépliant prospectus tract
foliole
(botany) One of the components of a compound leaf.

leafy /ˈliːfi/ leafier leafiest adj
feuillu
covered with leaves
containing much foliage
feuilleté
in the form of leaves (of some material)

league /liːɡ/ leagues n
ligue
A group or association of cooperating members.
(sports) An organization of sports teams which play against one another for a championship.
lieue
A stone erected near a public road to mark the distance of a league.

league cup league cups n
coupe de la ligue
(soccer) A single-elimination tournament for which entry is restricted only to teams in the top national league or leagues.

league table league tables n
classement
(sports) A tabular display of the teams in some league in order of win percentage or points awarded, often also including number of matches played, won, lost, and drawn, goal difference, etc.

leak /liːk/ leaks n
fuite voie d'eau
A crack, crevice, fissure, or hole which admits water or other fluid, or lets it escape.
fuite
The entrance or escape of a fluid through a crack, fissure, or other aperture.
A divulgation, or disclosure, of information previously held secret.
taupe
The person through whom such divulgation, or disclosure, occurs.

leak /liːk/ v
fuir divulguer
(ambitransitive) To allow fluid or gas to pass through an opening that should be sealed.
(ambitransitive) To disclose secret information surreptitiously or anonymously.

leakage /ˈliːkɪd͡ʒ/ leakages n
fuite
An act of leaking, or something that leaks.

lean /liːn/ leaner leanest adj
mince
(of a person or animal) Slim; not fleshy.
maigre
(of meat) Having little fat.
serré
Having little extra or little to spare; scanty; meagre.
pauvre
Having a low proportion or concentration of a desired substance or ingredient.

lean /liːn/ v
pencher
(copulative) To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; often with to, toward, etc.
s'appuyer
(Followed by against, on, or upon) To rest or rely, for support, comfort, etc.
se pencher
To hang outwards.
se presser
To press against.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ leaps n
saut bond
The act of leaping or jumping.
bissextile
(music) A passing from one note to another by an interval, especially by a long one, or by one including several other intermediate intervals.

leap /lip/ /liːp/ /lɛp/ v
sauter bondir
(intransitive) To jump.
(transitive) To cause to leap.

leap day /liːp deɪ/ leap days n
bissexte jour intercalaire
An extra day intercalated into a year, especially the day intercalated into the Julian calendar every fourth year and into the Gregorian calendar every fourth year excepting centuries not divisible by 400, usually reckoned as February 29th.

leap in the dark leaps in the dark n
saut dans l'inconnu

leap of faith leaps of faith n
acte de foi
(figuratively) The act of believing in something despite lack of proof of its truth or existence, or the attempt of something without being sure of its possible outcome.

leap year /ˈlip ˌjɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈliːp ˌjɪə/ leap years n
année bissextile
A year in the Julian or Gregorian calendar with an intercalary day added to February (in the Gregorian calendar, February 29), used to adjust for the extra hours of the solar year; a 366-day year.

leapfrog /-fɹɔɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɑɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɒɡ/ leapfrogs n
saute-mouton
(games) A game, often played by children, in which a player leaps like a frog over the back of another person who has stooped over. One variation of the game involves a number of people lining up in a row and bending over. The last person in the line then vaults forward over each of the others until he or she reaches the front of the line, whereupon he also bends over. The process is then repeated.

leapfrog /-fɹɔɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɑɡ/ /ˈliːpfɹɒɡ/ v
faire du [[saute-mouton]]
(transitive) To jump over some obstacle, as in the game of leapfrog.

learn /lɑː(ɹ)n/ /lɜːn/ /lɝn/ v
apprendre étudier
To acquire, or attempt to acquire knowledge or an ability to do something.
apprendre
To gain knowledge from a bad experience so as to improve.
apprendre étudier faire des études
To come to know; to become informed of; to find out.

learn one's lesson v
retenir la leçon

learn the hard way v
à la dure
To learn by experiencing the consequences of making mistakes.

learn the ropes /ˈlɜːn ðə ˈɹəʊps/ /ˈlɝn ðə ˈɹoʊps/ v
apprendre les ficelles du métier
(originally, nautical, informal) To learn the basics or master introductory knowledge.

learned /lɜːnd/ /lɝnd/ more learned most learned adj
enseigné instruit
appris
Derived from experience; acquired by learning.

learned /ˈlɜːnɪd/ /ˈlɝnɪd/ more learned most learned adj
érudit instruit savant
Having much learning, knowledgeable, erudite; highly educated.

learned borrowing learned borrowings n
emprunt savant
(linguistics) A word or other linguistic form borrowed from one language into another on purpose instead of through normal language contact, especially one from a classical language.

learned helplessness n
impuissance apprise résignation acquise

learned society learned societies n
académie société savante
An organization that exists to promote an academic discipline or group of disciplines.

learner /ˈlɜɹnəɹ/ /ˈlɜːnə/ [ˈlɝ.nɚ] learners n
apprenant apprenante
One who is learning.

learning /ˈlɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈlɝnɪŋ/ learnings n
apprentissage
(uncountable) An act in which something is learned.

learning curve learning curves n
courbe d'apprentissage
A visualization of the progress of learning as function of experience.

learning disability learning disabilities n
trouble des apprentissages
A disability which prevents the sufferer from learning in a typical manner.

lease /liːs/ leases n
bail contrat de bail loyer
(formal, law) An interest in land granting exclusive use or occupation of real estate for a limited period; a leasehold.
loyer
The document containing such a contract or deed.

leash /liːʃ/ leashes n
laisse
A strap, cord or rope with which to restrain an animal, often a dog.

least /list/ /liːst/ adv
moindre moins
In the smallest or lowest degree; in a degree below all others.

least /list/ /liːst/ determiner
le moindre le plus petit
The most little; the smallest amount or quantity of something.

least auklet least auklets n
starique minuscule
Aethia pusilla, a small auk.

least common multiple least common multiples n
plus petit commun multiple
(number theory) The smallest positive integer which is divisible by (equivalently, is an integer multiple of) each of a specified finite set of integers.

least flycatcher /list flaɪˈkætʃ.ɚ/ /liːst flaɪˈkætʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈkɛtʃ.ɚ/ least flycatchers n
moucherolle tchébec
A small insect-eating passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family, and the smallest member of the genus Empidonax, native to North America.

least significant bit least significant bits n
bit le moins significatif
(computing) The bit (binary digit) that represents the smallest fraction of a value, its position depending on the endianness of the system.

least weasel /ˈlist ˈwiz(ə)l/ /ˈliːst ˈwiːz(ə)l/ least weasels n
belette
The common weasel, little weasel, or simply weasel (Mustela nivalis), the smallest member of the weasel genus Mustela, native to Eurasia, North America, and North Africa.

leather /ˈlɛðə/ /ˈlɛðɚ/ /ˈlʌðəɹ/ adj
de cuir
Made of leather.

leather /ˈlɛðə/ /ˈlɛðɚ/ /ˈlʌðəɹ/ leathers n
cuir
A tough material produced from the skin of animals, by tanning or similar process, used e.g. for clothing.

leatherback /ˈlɛ.ðɚ.bæk/ leatherbacks n
tortue luth
A large sea turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, with a leathery back.

leatherette /ˌlɛðəˈɹɛt/ leatherettes n
cuir artificiel skaï
(countable, uncountable, also, attributively) A type of fabric, often plastic, made to imitate the appearance of leather.

leave /liv/ /liːv/ leaves n
permission congé permis
Permission to be absent; time away from one's work.
congé
(dated) Farewell, departure.

leave /liv/ /liːv/ v
laisser
(transitive) To cause or allow (something) to remain as available; to refrain from taking (something) away; to stop short of consuming or otherwise depleting (something) entirely.
(transitive) To transfer possession of after death.
(transitive) To transfer responsibility or attention of (something) (to someone); to stop being concerned with.
quitter laisser
(transitive) To depart from; to end one's connection or affiliation with.
partir s'en aller
(transitive) To give (something) to someone; to deliver (something) to a repository; to deposit.

leave a lot to be desired v
laisser à désirer

leave alone v
laisser tranquille lâcher la grappe lâcher les baskets
(transitive) To stop bothering (a person).

leave behind v
abandonner
(transitive, idiomatic) To abandon.
laisser en arrière
(transitive, idiomatic) To forget about.

leave for dead v
laisser pour mort
(transitive) To abandon a person or other living creature that is injured or otherwise incapacitated, assuming that the death of the one abandoned will soon follow.

leave home v
quitter le nid quitter le nid familial
(idiomatic) To stop living with one's parents.

leave it at that v
en rester là
(idiomatic) To agree that there has been enough discussion, study, etc. and that it is time to stop.

leave me alone phraseologicalUnit
laisse-moi tranquille
stop talking to me, stop being near me, stop interfering with my life

leave someone cold v
laisser de marbre

leave someone hanging v
mettre un vent à quelqu'un

leave someone holding the bag v
faire porter le chapeau
(figuratively) To abandon somebody, leaving him or her holding the responsibility or blame.

leave someone in the lurch v
planter planter là
(idiomatic) To abandon somebody; especially, to abandon somebody and leave him or her in a difficult situation.

leave someone to their own devices v
laisser pour compte livrer à soi-même
(transitive, idiomatic) to leave alone, unsupervised, without assistance.

leave to chance v
ne rien laisser au hasard

leave well enough alone /ˈliːv ˈwɛl ɪˌnʌf əˈləʊn/ v
le mieux est l'ennemi du bien
To leave something alone; to avoid trying to correct, fix, or improve what is already adequate.

leaven /ˈlɛv.ən/ [ˈlɛvn̩] leavens n
ferment levain
Any agent used to make dough rise or to have a similar effect on baked goods.

leaven /ˈlɛv.ən/ [ˈlɛvn̩] v
faire fermenter faire lever
(transitive) To cause to rise by fermentation.

leaving do leaving dos n
pot de départ
(colloquial, Ireland) A party or other celebration held in honour of someone leaving their job.

leban n
leben
Coagulated sour milk diluted with water.

lebensraum lebensräume n
espace vital
(chiefly, with reference to nations and peoples) Hitherto unoccupied “living space” claimed as one’s rightful domain.

lecher /lɛt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ lechers n
pervers obsédé porc
A lecherous person.

lecherous /ˈlɛtʃ.ə.ɹəs/ /ˈlɛt͡ʃ.ɚ.əs/ more lecherous most lecherous adj
lubrique
Given to excessive sexual activity and debauchery.

lechery /ˈlɛt͡ʃ.əɹ.i/ lecheries n
luxure
Inordinate indulgence in sexual activity.

lechwe /ˈlɛt͡ʃweɪ/ lechwe lechwes n
cobe cobe lechwe
Kobus leche, an African antelope that inhabits marshy regions.

lect /lɛkt/ lects n
lecte
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) A specific form of a language or language cluster: a language or a dialect.

lectern /ˈlɛktə(ɹ)n/ lecterns n
lutrin pupitre
A stand with a slanted top used to support a bible from which passages are read during a church service.
pupitre
A similar stand to support a lecturer's notes.

lectionary lectionaries n
lectionnaire
(Christianity, Judaism) A book or listing that contains a collection of scripture readings appointed for Christian or Jewish worship on a given day or occasion.

lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ lectures n
conférence cours magistral
A spoken lesson or exposition, usually delivered to a group.

lecture /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛk.t͡ʃɚ/ v
donner un cours magistral donner une conférence faire la leçon faire la morale gronder
(transitive) To preach, to berate, to scold.

lecture theatre lecture theatres n
amphi amphithéâtre auditoire
A room in a university with many seats and a sloped floor, used to hold lectures.

lecturer /ˈlɛktʃəɹə/ /ˈlɛkt͡ʃəɹɚ/ lecturers n
conférencier maître de conférences lecteur
A person who gives lectures, especially as a profession.
maître de conférence
A member of a university or college below the rank of assistant professor or reader.

led horse led horses n
cheval de main
A spare horse being led by a servant or attendant.

lede /lid/ /liːd/ ledes n
chapeau
(chiefly, US, journalism) The introductory paragraph or paragraphs of a newspaper, or a news or other type of article; the lead or lead-in. [from mid 20th c.]

ledge /lɛd͡ʒ/ ledges n
vire corniche épaulement
(geology) A shelf, ridge, or reef, of rocks.
couche
A layer or stratum.
vire corniche
A lode; a limited mass of rock bearing valuable mineral.
linteau
(architecture) A (door or window) lintel.
corniche
(architecture) A cornice.

ledger /ˈlɛd͡ʒə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɚ/ ledgers n
registre
grand livre
(accounting) A collection of accounting entries consisting of credits and debits.
longrine moise
(construction) A board attached to a wall to provide support for attaching other structural elements (such as deck joists or roof rafters) to a building.

ledger line ledger lines n
ligne supplémentaire
(music) A musical notation to inscribe notes outside the lines and spaces of the regular musical staves; a line slightly longer than the note is drawn parallel to the staff, above or below, spaced at the same distances as the notes within the staff.

lee /liː/ lees n
abri côté sous le vent
(nautical) The side of the ship away from the wind.

leech /liːt͡ʃ/ leeches n
sangsue
An aquatic blood-sucking annelid of class Hirudinea, especially Hirudo medicinalis.
pot de colle sangsue
(figuratively) A person who derives profit from others in a parasitic fashion.

leech line leech lines n
ralingue
(nautical) A line for tightening the leech of a triangular mainsail to prevent it from fluttering.

leechline leechlines n
ralingue
(nautical) A line attached to the leech ropes of sails, passing up through blocks on the yards, to haul the leeches by.

leek /liːk/ leeks n
poireau porreau poirette poirée porrée asperge du pauvre
The vegetable Allium ampeloprasum var. porrum, having edible leaves and an onion-like bulb but with a milder flavour than the onion.

leer /lɪə(ɹ)/ /lɪɹ/ v
lorgner mater zieuter
(intransitive) To look sideways or obliquely; now especially with sexual desire or malicious intent.

lees n
lie
The sediment that settles during fermentation of beverages, consisting of dead yeast and precipitated parts of the fruit.

leeway [ˈliːˌweɪ] leeways n
dérive
The drift of a ship or aeroplane in a leeward direction.
latitude marge
A varying degree or amount of freedom or flexibility.

left /ˈlɛft/ lefter leftmost more left most left adj
gauche à gauche
Designating the side of the body toward the west when one is facing north; the side of the body on which the heart is located in most humans; the opposite of right. This arrow points to the reader's left: ←
(politics) Left-wing; pertaining to the political left.

left /ˈlɛft/ adv
à gauche
On the left side.
à gauche gauche
Towards the left side.

left /ˈlɛft/ lefts n
gauche
The left side or direction.
(politics) The left-wing political parties as a group; citizens holding left-wing views as a group.

left /ˈlɛft/ v
restant
.

left and right adv
à dextre et à senestre à droite et à gauche à dêtre et à senêtre à tort et à travers à tout-va
(North America) All over the place; indiscriminately; frequently or excessively.

left bank left banks n
rive gauche
The bank to the left of a river when facing downstream.

left periphery left peripheries n
périphérie gauche

left wing left wings n
aile gauche
(politics) The more left-wing faction of a group, party, or group of parties.
ailier gauche
(ice hockey) The offensive player who plays to the center's left.

left-click v
faire un clic gauche
(intransitive, computing) To press the left button on a computer mouse.

left-hand drive adj
conduite à droite volant à gauche
Describes a motor vehicle with the steering wheel on the left-hand side, designed for use in countries such as the Americas (with a few small exceptions), South Korea and continental Europe where cars normally drive on the right side of the road.

left-handed n
gaucher
Left-handed people, taken as a whole.

left-handedness n
gaucherie sinistralité
The state of being left-handed.

left-hander left-handers n
gaucher gauchère
One who is left-handed.
(automotive) A bend or turn to the left; a left-hand corner.

left-luggage office left-luggage offices n
consignes dépôt de bagages
(British) A place at a railway station or airport where luggage may be left for a small charge.

left-wing more left-wing most left-wing adj
gauche
(politics) Of political ideologies: favoring political, social, and economic equality.

left-winger left-wingers n
gauchiste personne de gauche
(political) A person who espouses left-wing political views.
ailier gauche ailière gauche
(sports) A person who plays the position of left wing.

leftard leftards n
gauchiasse gauchiste gaucho
(slang, derogatory, political) A person of left-wing political views.

leftover adj
restant restante
Remaining; left behind; extra; in reserve.

leftover leftovers n
reste
Something left behind; an excess or remainder.

leftovers n
rabe restes
food remaining after a meal

leg /leɪɡ/ /lɛɡ/ legs n
jambe patte
In humans, the lower limb extending from the groin to the ankle.
jambe
(anatomy) The portion of the lower limb of a human that extends from the knee to the ankle.
In a grain elevator, the case containing the lower part of the belt which carries the buckets.
(cricket, attributive) Denotes the half of the field on the same side as the batsman's legs; the left side for a right-handed batsman.

leg up leg ups legs up n
courte échelle
The act of assisting another's progress over a wall or other obstacle by forming a step for one of their feet with one's hands.

leg warmer leg warmers n
jambière
A type of garment similar to a footless sock, which usually extends from below the knee to above the ankle.

legacy /ˈleɪɡəsi/ /ˈlɛɡəsi/ legacies n
héritage
(legal) Money or property bequeathed to someone in a will.
héritage legs
Something inherited from a predecessor or the past.

legacy code n
code hérité
(computing) Source code that relates to an obsolete operating system or other obsolete technology.

legal /ˈliɡəl/ /ˈliː.ɡəl/ more legal most legal adj
juridique
Relating to the law or to lawyers.
légal
Being allowed or prescribed by law.

legal action legal actions n
poursuites judiciaires
Legal proceedings; a lawsuit.

legal capacity n
capacité juridique
(law) Capacity of a person to make binding amendments to their rights, duties and obligations, such as getting married or merging, entering into contracts, making gifts, or writing a valid will.

legal certainty n
sécurité juridique

legal effect legal effects n
effet juridique
A particular state of the rights in consequence of a defined state or course of things.

legal person legal persons n
personne morale
(legal) An aggregate of people, legal entity, or body corporate who have (some of) the legal rights and responsibilities of a natural person under the law.

legal positivism legal positivisms n
positivisme juridique
(legal) A school of thought in jurisprudence in which the law is seen as separated from moral values, i.e. the law is posited by lawmakers (humans).

legal relationship legal relationships n
rapport juridique
The relations provided by law between two persons as a consequence of a certain state of affairs.

legal representative legal representatives n
représentant légal
(law) One who represents or acts on behalf of another under authority recognised by law, such as a parent or guardian of a minor, a manager of a legal person, etc.

legal vacuum legal vacua legal vacuums n
vide juridique

legalese /ˈliɡəliːz/ n
jargon juridique
(informal, pejorative) Technical jargon common in the legal profession, the argot of lawyers.

legalism legalisms n
juridisme
Focusing on the text of written law to the exclusion of the intent of law, elevating strict adherence to law over justice, mercy, grace and common sense.
(religion) A belief that salvation is attained or maintained by adherence to the requirements of moral law; salvation by works rather than by faith alone.

legality legalities n
légalité
Lawfulness.

legalization legalizations n
légalisation
The process of making something legal, the process to legalize, decriminalization.

legalize /ˈliːɡəlaɪz/ v
légaliser autoriser dépénaliser
To make legal or permit under law. Either by decriminalising something that has been illegal or by specifically permitting it.

legally /ˈliːɡəli/ more legally most legally adv
légalement
As permitted by law; not contrary to law.

legate /ˈlɛɡət/ /ˈlɛɡɪt/ legates n
légat
A deputy representing the pope, specifically a papal ambassador sent on special ecclesiastical missions.
The deputy of a provincial governor or general in ancient Rome.

legatee legatees n
légataire
(legal) One who receives a legacy.

legation legations n
légation
A diplomatic mission.

legato /ləˈɡɑ.toʊ/ /ləˈɡɑ.təʊ/ adv
lié
(music) Smoothly, in a connected manner.

legato /ləˈɡɑ.toʊ/ /ləˈɡɑ.təʊ/ legatos n
lié
(music) A style of performance characterized by smoothly connected notes.
(music) A passage that is played legato.

legend /ˈliːd͡ʒ.ənd/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənd/ legends n
légende
A story of unknown origin describing plausible but extraordinary past events.
A person of extraordinary fame or accomplishments.
A key to the symbols and color codes on a map, chart, etc.

legendary /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.də.ɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ən.dɹi/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ənˌdɛɹ.i/ more legendary most legendary adj
légendaire
Of or pertaining to a legend or to legends.

legging /lɛɡ.ɪŋ/ leggings n
molletière
A covering, usually of leather, worn from knee to ankle.
One of the legs of a pair of trousers.
legging
Stretchy tight-fitting pants often worn by women or for exercise.

leghorn /lɛˈɡɔːn/ /ˈlɛɡhɔɹn/ /ˈlɛɡhɔːn/ leghorns n
leghorn
(countable) A small white chicken of a hardy breed.

legibility legibilities n
lisibilité
The property of being legible or easily readable.

legible /ˈlɛd͡ʒəbl/ more legible most legible adj
lisible
Clear enough to be read; readable, particularly of handwriting.

legibly more legibly most legibly adv
lisiblement
In a manner that is legible, in a manner that is readable, readably.

legion /ˈliːd͡ʒən/ legions n
légion
(military, Ancient Rome) The major unit or division of the Roman army, usually comprising 3000 to 6000 infantry soldiers and 100 to 200 cavalry troops.

legionary /ˈlidʒəˌnɛɹi/ /ˈliːdʒənəɹi/ /ˈliːdʒənɹi/ legionaries n
légionnaire
A member of a legion, such as the American Legion, or of any organization containing the term legion in its title (e.g. the French Foreign Legion).

legislate /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsˌleɪt/ v
légiférer
To pass laws (including the amending or repeal of existing laws).

legislation /ˌlɛd͡ʒɪsˈleɪʃən/ legislations n
législation
The act of legislating; preparation and enactment of laws.
loi législation
Law which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body

legislative /-slæɪ-/ /lɛˈd͡ʒɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.tɪv/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒˌɪs.lə.tɪv/ [ˈled͡ʒ.ɪ.slə.ɾɪv] [ˈlɛd͡ʒ.ɪˌsleɪ.ɾɪv] more legislative most legislative adj
législatif
Making, or having the power to make, a law or laws; lawmaking

legislative process legislative processes n
procédure législative
(law) The stages a bill must go through before it becomes law.

legislator legislators n
législateur législatrice
Someone who creates or enacts laws

legislature /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪslət͡ʃə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsləˌt͡ʃʊə/ /ˈlɛd͡ʒɪsˌleɪt͡ʃɚ/ legislatures n
assemblée législative corps législatif
A governmental body with the power to make, amend and repeal laws.

legistics n
légistique

legitimacy /ləˈd͡ʒɪtɪməsi/ legitimacies n
légitimité
The quality or state of being legitimate or valid; validity.

legitimately more legitimately most legitimately adv
légitimement
In a legitimate manner, properly, fair and square.

legitimation /lɪdʒɪtɪˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ legitimations n
légitimation
The process of making or declaring a person legitimate.

legitimize /ləˈdʒɪtɪmaɪz/ v
légitimiser
(transitive) To make legitimate.

legume /ləˈɡjuːm/ /lɪˈɡjuːm/ /ˈlɛɡ.juːm/ legumes n
légume gousse
(botany) The fruit or seed of leguminous plants (as peas or beans) used for food.
légumineuse
(botany) Any of a large family (Fabaceae, syn. Leguminosae) of dicotyledonous herbs, shrubs, and trees having fruits that are legumes or loments, bearing nodules on the roots that contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and including important food and forage plants (as peas, beans, or clovers).

leguminous more leguminous most leguminous adj
légumineux
Resembling a legume.

legwork /ˈlɛɡ.wəːk/ /ˈlɛɡ.wɚk/ legworks n
travail sur le terrain
Work, especially research or preparation, that involves significant walking, travel, or similar effort.

leishmaniasis /laɪʃməˈnaɪəsɪs/ /liːʃməˈnaɪəsɪs/ leishmaniases n
leishmaniose
(disease) Any of various ulcerative skin diseases caused by any of the protozoans of the genus Leishmania, transmitted to humans and animals by bloodsucking sandflies.

leisure /ˈliːʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈliːʒəɹ/ /ˈlɛʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɛʒəɹ/ leisures n
loisir
Freedom provided by the cessation of activities.
loisir temps libre
Free time, time free from work or duties.

leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/ /ˈlɛʒɜli/ more leisurely most leisurely adj
paisible tranquille
Characterized by leisure; taking plenty of time; unhurried.

leisurely /ˈliʒɚli/ /ˈlɛʒɜli/ more leisurely most leisurely adv
lentement paisiblement tranquillement
In a leisurely manner.

leitmotif /ˈlaɪt.moʊˌtif/ /ˈlaɪt.moʊˌtɪv/ /ˈlaɪt.məʊˌtiːf/ /ˈleɪt.moʊˌtif/ leitmotifs n
leitmotiv
(music) A melodic theme associated with a particular character, place, thing or idea in an opera.
fil conducteur fil rouge leitmotiv thème récurrent
(by extension) A recurring theme.

lemandarin lemandarins n
rangpur
Citrus × limonia, a citrus fruit which is a hybrid between the mandarin orange and the lemon.

lemma /ˈlɛmə/ /ˈlɪmə/ lemmas lemmata n
lemme
(mathematics) A proposition proved or accepted for immediate use in the proof of some other proposition.
lemme entrée mot vedette terme vedette
(psycholinguistics) The theoretical abstract conceptual form of a word, representing a specific meaning, before the creation of a specific phonological form as the sounds of a lexeme, which may find representation in a specific written form as a dictionary or lexicographic word.

lemmatize v
lemmatiser
(linguistics) To convert an inflected form of a lexeme to a lemma.

lemming /lɛm.ɪŋ/ lemmings n
lemming
A small Arctic and Subarctic rodent from any of six genera of similar rodents.
mouton de Panurge lemming
(figuratively) Any member of a group given to conformity or groupthink, especially a group poised to follow a leader off a cliff.

lemniscate /lɛmˈnɪs.kət/ /lɛmˈnɪs.kɪt/ lemniscates n
lemniscate
(mathematics) Any of a variety of quartic functions producing similar figure-of-eight closed curves.

lemniscatic /ˌlɛmnɪˈskætɪk/ adj
lemniscatique
shaped like a figure-of-eight
of or pertaining to a lemniscate

lemon /ˈlɛm.ən/ /ˈlɪm.ɪn/ more lemon most lemon adj
au citron citron
Containing or having the flavour/flavor and/or scent of lemons.
jaune citron
Of the pale yellow colour/color of lemons.

lemon /ˈlɛm.ən/ /ˈlɪm.ɪn/ lemons n
citron jaune citron
A yellowish citrus fruit.
citronnier jaune citron citron
A semitropical evergreen tree, Citrus limon, that bears such fruits.
jaune citron citron
A more or less bright shade of yellow associated with lemon fruits.
A lemon shark (Negaprion brevirostris).
(Cockney rhyming slang, shortened from “lemon flavour”) Favor.
(fandom) A piece of fanfiction involving explicit sex.
(geometry) The surface of revolution of a circular arc of angle less than 180° rotated about the straight line passing through the arc’s two endpoints.
citron jaune citron chiotte
(slang) A defective or inadequate item or individual.

lemon balm lemon balms n
citronnelle mélisse officinale mélisse mélisse citronnelle baume baume mélisse
A perennial herb, of species Melissa officinalis, of southern Europe; used as a flavouring in ice cream etc.

lemon curd lemon curds n
crème de citron
A thick preserve made from lemons (juice and zest), egg yolk, butter and sugar.

lemon eucalyptus lemon eucalyptuses n
eucalyptus citronné
Corymbia citriodora, a lemon-scented eucalypt native to Australia

lemon juice lemon juices n
jus de citron
The liquid extract of lemon fruit, notably sour and often condensed, as used especially in food preparation.

lemon shark lemon sharks n
requin-citron
A shark of species Negaprion brevirostris, growing up to 10 feet long and found along the Atlantic coast of North and South America.

lemon squeezer lemon squeezers n
presse-citron
A device used to extract juice from lemons by crushing the lemon using the sharp middle part.

lemonade /ˈlɛmənˌeɪd/ /ˌlɛmənˈeɪd/ lemonades n
citronnade limonade
(US, Canada) A flavoured beverage consisting of water, lemon, and sweetener, sometimes ice, served mainly as a refreshment.
limonade
(UK, AU, NZ) A clear, usually carbonated, beverage made from lemon or artificial lemon flavouring, water, and sugar.

lemongrass lemongrasses n
citronnelle herbe citron schénanthe
One of various species of grass of the genus Cymbopogon, especially Cymbopogon citratus, which have a lemon-like taste and aroma, and are used in cooking, for tea, and for fragrance.

lemur /ˈliːmə(ɹ)/ lemurs n
lémur lémurien
(colloquial) Any strepsirrhine primate of the infraorder Lemuriformes, superfamily Lemuroidea, native only to Madagascar and some surrounding islands.

lend /lɛnd/ /lɪnd/ v
prêter
(transitive) To allow to be used by someone temporarily, on condition that it or its equivalent will be returned.
(reflexive) To be suitable or applicable, to fit.

lender /ˈlɛndɚ/ lenders n
prêteur prêteuse
One who lends, especially money; specifically, a bank or other entity that specializes in granting loans.

lenga beech lenga beeches n
hêtre blanc hêtre de la Terre de Feu
The tree Nothofagus pumilio native to southern South America

length /lɛn(t)θ/ /lɛŋ(k)θ/ lengths n
longueur
The distance measured along the longest dimension of an object.
(figuratively) Total extent.
durée longueur
duration.

length overall lengths overall n
longueur hors-tout
(nautical) Length of a ship from bow to stern.

lengthen /ˈlɛŋ(k)θən/ v
rallonger
(transitive) To make longer, to extend the length of.

lengthening /ˈlɛŋ(k)θnɪŋ/ /ˈlɛŋ(k)θənɪŋ/ lengthenings n
allongement
(phonology) a type of sound change when a sound (especially a vowel) lengthens

lengthy lengthier lengthiest adj
long longuet
Having length; long and overextended, especially in time rather than dimension.

leniency leniencies n
indulgence clémence
The quality of mercy or forgiveness, especially in the assignment of punishment as in a court case.

lenient /ˈliːni.ənt/ more lenient most lenient adj
indulgent laxiste permissif
Lax; not strict; tolerant of dissent or deviation

lenition /liˈnɪʃən/ /liːˈnɪʃən/ /ləˈnɪʃən/ /lɪˈnɪʃən/ lenitions n
adoucissement lénition mutation adoucissante
(phonetics, phonology) A weakening of articulation causing a consonant to become lenis (soft).

lens /lɛnz/ lens lenses lentes n
lentille
An object, usually made of glass, that focuses or defocuses the light that passes through it.
A device which focuses or defocuses electron beams.
(geometry) A convex shape bounded by two circular arcs, joined at their endpoints, the corresponding concave shape being a lune.
(biology) A genus of the legume family; its bean.
cristallin lentille
(anatomy) The transparent crystalline structure in the eye.

lens /lɛnz/ v
filmer
(transitive, cinematography) To film, shoot.

lens cap lens caps n
capuchon de l'objectif
(photography) The detachable cap that protects the camera lens when the camera is not in use.

lenticular /lɛnˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /lɛnˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ more lenticular most lenticular adj
lenticulaire
Of or pertaining to a lens.
Shaped like a biconvex lens.

lenticular galaxy lenticular galaxies n
galaxie lenticulaire
(galaxy) A galaxy that, like spiral galaxies, has a flat galactic disc, but which has lost most of its interstellar matter and therefore has no spirals; considered a transitional form between spirals and elliptical galaxies.

lentil /ˈlɛntəl/ lentils n
lentille
Any of several plants of the genus Lens, especially Lens culinaris, from southwest Asia, that have edible, lens-shaped seeds within flattened pods.
The seed of these plants, used as food.

leo /ˈliːəʊ/ leos n
justau

leonine /ˈliːənaɪ̯n/ more leonine most leonine adj
léonin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a lion.

leopard /ˈlɛpəd/ /ˈlɛpɚd/ leopards n
léopard
Panthera pardus, a large wild cat with a spotted coat native to Africa and Asia, especially the male of the species (in contrast to leopardess) .

leopard seal /ˈlɛpəd siːl/ /ˈlɛpɚd siːl/ leopard seals n
léopard de mer
A large pinniped mammal (Hydrurga leptonyx) found in the Antarctic.

leopardess leopardesses n
léoparde
A female leopard.

leopardsbane leopardsbanes n
doronic
Any of various plants, including Arnica montana, Senecio doronicum, Paris quadrifolia, and species of genus Doronicum.

leotard /ˈliː.ə.tɑːd/ /ˈliː.ə.tɑːɹd/ /ˈlɪə.tɑːd/ leotards n
justaucorps
A one-piece skintight garment with or without sleeves and without legs (often worn by gymnasts, acrobats, wrestlers, female swimmers, etc.)

leper lepers lepress n
lépreux léprosé
A person who has leprosy, a person suffering from Hansen's disease.

leper colony leper colonies n
léproserie
An isolated community used to house lepers, usually in permanent quarantine from the rest of society.

lepidolite lepidolites n
lépidolite
(mineral) A pale lilac mica mineral that is a mixed basic fluoride and aluminosilicate of potassium, lithium and aluminium.

lepidopterology /ˈlɛpɪˈdɑptɚˈɑləd͡ʒi/ n
lépidoptérologie
(biology, zoology, entomology) The scientific study of butterflies and moths (the Lepidoptera).

leporello leporellos n
leporello
(countable, printing) Any printed material (book, leaflet etc.) having such folds; a concertina.

leporine /ˈlɛpəɹaɪn/ /ˈlɛpəɹən/ /ˈlɛpəˌɹaɪn/ adj
léporin
(chiefly, mammalogy, also, figuratively) Of, relating to, or resembling a hare or rabbit.

leprechaun /ˈlɛprəˌkɑn/ /ˈlɛprəˌkɔn/ /ˈlɛpɹəkɔːn/ leprechauns n
farfadet irlandais leprechaun lutin irlandais lépricone
(Irish folklore) One of a race of elves that can reveal hidden treasure to those who catch them.

leprosery leproseries n
léproserie ladrerie maladrerie
A building used to house lepers, usually in permanent quarantine from the rest of society.

leprosy /ˈlɛpɹəsi/ leprosies n
lèpre
(medicine) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae, gradually producing nerve damage and patches of skin necrosis and historically handled by permanently quarantining its sufferers.
Ellipsis of murine leprosy. and feline leprosy, diseases caused in rodents and cats by Mycobacterium lepraemurium.

leprous /ˈlɛpɹəs/ more leprous most leprous adj
lépreux
Relating to or infected with one of the diseases known as leprosy.

leptogenic more leptogenic most leptogenic adj
leptogène
Causing weight loss

leptokurtic more leptokurtic most leptokurtic adj
leptokurtique lepto-kurtique
(statistics) Of a distribution: having kurtosis greater than that of a normal distribution; equivalently, having positive excess kurtosis.

leptokurtosis n
lepto-kurticité leptokurticité

lepton /ˈlɛptɒn/ leptons n
lepton
A coin used since ancient times in Greece, serving in modern times as one hundredth of a phoenix, a drachma, and a euro (as the Greek form of the Eurocent).
(particle physics) An elementary particle that has a spin of 1/2 (i.e., is a fermion) and does not interact via the strong nuclear force; examples include the electron, the muon, the neutrino and the tauon.

leptonic adj
leptonique
Of, pertaining to, or composed of leptons.

leptospirosis leptospiroses n
leptospirose
An acute, infectious, febrile disease of both humans and animals, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.jən/ /ˈlɛz.bi.jɪn/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ more lesbian most lesbian adj
lesbienne
lesbien lesbienne
(LGBT, of a woman) Homosexual, gay; preferring exclusively women as romantic or sexual partners.
(LGBT, of a romantic or sexual act or relationship) Between two or more women; homosexual, gay.

lesbian /ˈlɛz.bi.jən/ /ˈlɛz.bi.jɪn/ /ˈlɛz.bɪ.ən/ lesbians n
lesbienne gouine
A gay woman, one who is mostly or exclusively sexually or romantically attracted to other women.

lesbianism /ˈlɛzbiəˌnɪzəm/ lesbianisms n
lesbianisme
Female homosexuality; the state of a woman being sexually attracted to other women.

lesbophobia n
lesbophobie
Fear, dislike, or hatred of lesbians (female homosexuals).

lese majesty /liz ˈmædʒəsti/ n
lèse-majesté
The crime of violating majesty, an offense against the dignity of a reigning sovereign or against a state.

lesene /ˈlɛ.zən/ lesenes n
lésène
(architecture) A low-relief, vertical pillar or pilaster in a wall, usually without a base or capital; used in architecture to divide a facade or other wall surface visually.

leshy leshies n
liéchi
(Slavic mythology) A male woodland spirit in Slavic mythology who protects wild animals and forests.

lesion /ˈliːʒən/ lesions n
lésion
(medicine) An infected or otherwise injured or diseased organ or part, especially such on a patch of skin.
(law) Injury or an unfair imbalance in a commutative contract wherein the consideration is less than half of the market value, which then serves as a basis for the injured party to sue to rescind the agreement.

lesion /ˈliːʒən/ v
blesser
(transitive) To wound or injure, especially in an experiment or other controlled procedure.

less /lɛs/ adv
moins
To a smaller extent or degree.

less /lɛs/ determiner
moins de moins que
moins
A smaller amount of; not as much. [from 12th c.]

less and less determiner
de moins en moins
increasingly less

less is more /lɛs ɪz ˈmɔɹ/ /lɛs ɪz ˈmɔː/ proverb
moins, c’est plus
That which is less complicated is often better understood and more appreciated than what is more complicated; brevity in communication is more effective than verbosity.

less than adj
plus petit que
(predicative) Inferior in consideration, rank, or importance.

lessee /lɛˈsiː/ lessees n
locataire
The entity to whom a lease is given, or who takes an estate by lease.

lessen /ˈlɛsən/ v
diminuer amoindrir atténuer réduire
(transitive) To make less; to diminish; to reduce.

lesser /ˈlɛsə/ /ˈlɛsɚ/ adj
moindre
Of two (or, rarely, more than two) things: the smaller in size (littler), in value, in importance etc.

lesser black-backed gull lesser black-backed gulls n
Goéland brun goéland brun
a seabird and member of the gull family, genus Larus fuscus

lesser celandine lesser celandines n
ficaire
A European perennial herb (Ficaria verna, formerly Ranunculus ficaria), having heart-shaped leaves and solitary yellow flowers

lesser flamingo lesser flamingos n
flamant nain
A flamingo the Old World species of flamingo, Phoeniconaias minor, syn. Phoenicopterus minor, found principally in the Great Rift Valley of Africa, smaller than flamingos of the other Old World species.

lesser grey shrike lesser grey shrikes n
pie-grièche à poitrine rose
Lanius minor, a member of the shrike family Laniidae.

lesser jacana lesser jacanas n
jacana nain
Microparra capensis, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

lesser kestrel lesser kestrels n
faucon crécerellette
A small falcon, Falco naumanni.

lesser of two evils n
moindre mal

lesser omentum lesser omenta lesser omentums n
petit omentum petit épiploon
(anatomy) A thin peritoneal fold that extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and the first part of the duodenum.

lesser spotted eagle lesser spotted eagles n
aigle pomarin
Clanga pomarina, a large Eastern European bird of prey.

lesser spotted woodpecker /ˈlɛsə(ɹ) ˈspɒtəd ˈwədpɛkə(ɹ)/ lesser spotted woodpeckers n
pic épeichette
Any of species Dryobates minor of woodpeckers, principally of cooler regions of Eurasia.

lesser white-fronted goose lesser white-fronted geese n
oie naine
Anser erythropus, a goose closely related to the larger white-fronted goose (Anser albifrons)

lesser whitethroat lesser whitethroats n
fauvette babillarde
Curruca curruca (syn. Sylvia curruca), an Old World warbler.

lesser yellowlegs lesser yellowlegs n
petit chevalier
A shorebird of North America characterized by its yellow legs (Tringa flavipes).

lesson /ˈlɛsən/ [ˈlɛsn̩] lessons n
leçon
A section of learning or teaching into which a wider learning content is divided.
Something learned or to be learned.
Something that serves as a warning or encouragement.
devoirs
A learning task assigned to a student; homework.
lecture leçon
A section of the Bible or other religious text read as part of a divine service.

lessor lessors n
bailleur
(property law) The owner of property that is leased; the landlord to a lease.

lest /liːst/ /lɛst/ conjunction
pour que sans quoi
For fear that; that not; in order to prevent something from happening; in case.

let /lɛt/ lets n
filet
(tennis) The hindrance caused by the net during serve, only if the ball falls legally.

let /lɛt/ v
laisser louer
(transitive) To allow to, not to prevent (+ infinitive, but usually without to).
louer
(transitive) To allow to be or do without interference; to not disturb or meddle with; to leave (someone or something) alone.

let alone conjunction
encore moins sans parler de et encore moins sans compter
(idiomatic, negative polarity item) Much less; to say nothing of; used after one negative clause to introduce another, usually broader and more important clause, whose negation is implied by the negation of the first. However either of these instances mentioned can be applied with the use of let alone.
sans compter sans parler de
(idiomatic, positive polarity item, rare) not to mention, as well as; used after one item, to introduce a further item which is entailed by the first.

let be v
laisser tranquille
(transitive) To not disturb or meddle with; to leave (someone or something) alone (see let it be).
soient soit
(mathematics) Used to assign a value to a symbol.

let bygones be bygones /lɛt ˈbaɪɡɒnz biː ˈbaɪɡɒnz/ /lɛt ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz bi ˈbaɪˌɡɑnz/ v
passer l'éponge
(intransitive, idiomatic) To disregard or ignore a past difficulty in a relationship or an offence (when dealing with another individual).

let down v
abaisser baisser faire descendre descendre
(transitive) To allow to descend.
laisser tomber
(transitive, idiomatic) To disappoint; to betray or fail somebody

let go v
lâcher
(intransitive, with of, and, transitive, with object before go) To release from one's grasp; to go from a state of holding on to a state of no longer holding on.
laisser tomber
To emotionally disengage or to distract oneself from a situation.

let him who is without sin cast the first stone phraseologicalUnit
que celui qui n'a jamais péché jette la première pierre
Only those who are faultless have the right to pass judgment upon others (implying that no one is faultless and that, therefore, no one has such a right to pass judgment).

let in on v
faire savoir
(ditransitive) To disclose information to someone; to tell somebody a secret or share privileged information.

let know v
dire faire savoir
(ditransitive) To inform (someone) (of something).

let loose v
lâcher
(transitive, idiomatic) To free; to release from restraint.
déchaîner
(intransitive, idiomatic, sometimes followed by with or on) To shout, make a loud sound, or perform a sudden, vehement action; to behave in a raucous, frenzied manner.

let me see phraseologicalUnit
voyons voir

let oneself go v
se laisser aller
(idiomatic) To cease to care about one's appearance, allowing oneself to become unkempt, overweight, etc.

let out v
rallonger
(of clothing) To enlarge by adjusting one or more seams.

let sleeping dogs lie v
il ne faut pas réveiller le chat qui dort
(idiomatic) To leave things as they are; especially, to avoid restarting or rekindling an old argument; to leave disagreements in the past.

let someone down gently v
refuser gentiment
(idiomatic) To reject or refuse someone in a way that avoids causing hurt or disappointment.

let someone go v
remercier
(idiomatic, euphemistic) To dismiss someone from an employment position or a relationship.

let the cat out of the bag v
vendre la mèche
(idiomatic) To disclose a secret; to let a secret be known, often inadvertently.

let the good times roll v
laissez les bons temps rouler que la fête commence
(mostly, imperative) To have fun or live fully; may imply letting things that are going well proceed; if it ain't broke, don't fix it.

let there be light phraseologicalUnit
que la lumière soit
Used as a metaphor for the spread of wisdom.

let's go phraseologicalUnit
allez allons envoye enweye insister vas-y
Hortative of go, particularly as an cheer expressing encouragement.
allez allons-y on y va
(colloquial) Hurry up; be quick.

let-down /ˈlɛtdaʊn/ let-downs n
déception
(countable) A disappointment or anticlimax.
montée de lait
(countable, uncountable) The neurohormonal release of milk in dairy cows or in breastfeeding human mothers.

lethal /ˈliː.θəl/ more lethal most lethal adj
létal mortel fatal léthal
Of, pertaining to, or causing death; deadly; mortal; fatal.

lethally /ˈliːθəli/ more lethally most lethally adv
mortellement
In a lethal manner, in manner which is or will be fatal.

lethargic /ləˈθɑɹd͡ʒɪk/ /ləˈθɑː.d͡ʒɪk/ /ləˈθɑːd͡ʒək/ more lethargic most lethargic adj
léthargique mollasson
sluggish, slow
indifferent, apathetic

lethargy /ˈlɛθ.ə(ɹ).d͡ʒi/ lethargies n
léthargie langueur nonchalance
A state of extreme torpor or apathy, especially with lack of emotion, energy or enthusiasm; (loosely) sluggishness, laziness. [from 14th c.]

lethean /liːˈθi.ən/ /ˈliθi.ən/ adj
léthéen
Of or relating to death or forgetfulness.

letter /ˈletə/ /ˈlɛtə/ /ˈlɛtɚ/ [-ɾə(ɹ)] [-ɾɚ] letters n
lettre caractère
A symbol in an alphabet.
lettre
A written or printed communication, generally longer and more formal than a note.

letter bomb v
lettre piégée colis piégé
(transitive) To send a letter bomb (of either sense).

letter carrier letter carriers n
factrice facteur
An employee of the post office who delivers mail (post) to, and collects it from, a residence or business, or from public mailboxes.

letter of credence letters of credence n
lettre de créance

letter of credit letters of credit n
accréditif lettre de crédit
(finance, banking) A document, used primarily in trade finance and issued generally by a financial institution, in which the institution promises to pay debts up to a certain limit to be acquired by the beneficiary against delivery of documents specified in the letter.

letter of intent letters of intent n
déclaration d'intention lettre d'intention
A legal document outlining one or more agreements between two or more parties before the actual agreements are finalized

letter of marque letters of marque n
lettre de marque
(nautical, historical) An official commission from a government authorizing someone to seize the property or people of another nation; especially to attack merchant shipping of another nation.

letter of recommendation letters of recommendation n
lettre de recommandation
A letter written by one person who is familiar with another, usually a teacher, employer, or person of similar authority, evaluating and often extolling the fitness of the other person for a position.

letter opener letter openers n
coupe-papier
A knifelike device with a blunt edge, used for slicing letters open.

letter to the editor letters to editors letters to the editor n
courrier des lecteurs
A letter written to a newspaper, magazine or other periodical, usually intended for publication, about issues of concern to readers.

letterbox letterboxes n
boîte aux lettres boite aux lettres
A collection point for mail intended for onward delivery, a secure box or receptacle for this purpose.

letterhead letterheads n
en-tète en-tête

lettering letterings n
caractère lettrage
Written text, especially when printed.

letters patent /-ˈpeɪ-/ /-ˈpæ-/ /ˌlɛtəz ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˌlɛtɚz ˈpætənt/ [ˌlɛɾɚz ˈpæɾənt] n
lettres patentes
(law) A type of legal document in the form of an open letter issued by an authority to direct that some action be taken; to grant a monopoly, right, status, or title to a person or organization; or to record a contract.

lettuce /ˈlɛtus/ /ˈlɛtəs/ /ˈlɛtɪs/ [ˈlɛɾəs] [ˈlɛɾɪs] lettuces n
laitue salade
An edible plant, Lactuca sativa and its close relatives, having a head of green and/or purple leaves.
salade laitue
(uncountable) The leaves of the lettuce plant, eaten as a vegetable; as a dish often mixed with other ingredients, dressing etc.
oseille
(uncountable, US, slang) United States paper currency; dollars.

leucine /ˈluː.siːn/ leucines n
leucine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H13NO2, isomeric with isoleucine, found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth in children.

leucism n
leucisme leucistisme
(zoology, pathology) An animal condition in which there is partial loss of pigmentation resulting in white, pale, or patchy coloration of the skin, hair, feathers, scales or cuticle, but not the eyes (caused by a reduction in multiple types of pigment, not just melanin).

leucite /ˈlusaɪt/ leucites n
leucite
(mineral) A mineral of silica-poor igneous, plutonic and volcanic rocks. Chemically, leucite is a potassium feldspar with insufficient silica to satisfy the chemical bonds. Because of the unfilled bonds, leucite weathers rapidly and can only be seen as inclusions in freshly broken rock.

leucitic adj
leucitique

leucoma leucomas leucomata n
leucome
(pathology) An opaque area or scar on the cornea of an eye

leucoplast leucoplasts n
leucoplaste plaste
(biology) An organelle found in certain plant cells, a non-pigmented category of plastid with various biosynthetic functions.

leukemia /luːˈkiːmi.ə/ leukemias n
leucémie leucose
Any of a class of types of cancer affecting the blood cells, especially the white blood cells (usually with massive leukocytosis), and the blood cell–forming (hematopoietic) tissues.

leukemic /luːˈkiːmɪk/ /luːˈkɛmɪk/ adj
leucémique
Relating to leukemia

leukoaraiosis leukoaraioses n
leucoaraïose
(pathology) A rarefaction of the white matter in the brain.

leukocyte /ˈluːkə(ʊ)sʌɪt/ leukocytes n
leucocyte
(hematology, cytology, immunology) Any of a class of blood cells that play various roles in cell-mediated immunity.

leukoplakia leukoplakias n
leucoplasie
(medicine) Patches of keratosis on the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and in other areas, associated with smoking.

lev /lɛv/ leva levs n
lev
The currency of Bulgaria, divided into 100 stotinki.

levee /ləˈveɪ/ /ləˈvi/ /ˈlɛv.eɪ/ /ˈlɛvi/ levees n
digue
An embankment to prevent inundation; as, the levees along the Mississippi.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ leveler levelest leveller levellest adj
plat
The same height at all places; parallel to a flat ground.
au même niveau à ras
At the same height as some reference; constructed as level with.
constant
Unvaried in frequency.
Unvaried in volume.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ levels n
niveau
A tool for finding whether a surface is level, or for creating a horizontal or vertical line of reference.
A distance relative to a given reference elevation.
Degree or amount.
(video games) One of several discrete segments of a game, generally increasing in difficulty and representing different locations in the game world.
(role-playing games, video games) A numeric value that quantifies a character, ability, or item's experience and power.
(Singapore, education) A school grade or year.
profondeur
(computer science) Distance from the root node of a tree structure.
niveau étage
A floor of a multi-storey building.

level /ˈlɛv.əl/ v
niveler
To adjust so as to make as flat or perpendicular to the ground as possible.

level crossing level crossings n
passage à niveau PN
(chiefly, British) An at-grade crossing between a railway line and an ordinary road, with rails and road at the same level.

level playing field level playing fields n
conditions de concurrence équitables
A situation which offers no advantage to any particular person or side.

level up v
passer au niveau supérieur
(RPG, video games, intransitive) To progress to the next level of player character stats and abilities, often by acquiring experience points in role-playing games.

levelable adj
nivelable

lever /ˈliː.və/ /ˈliː.vɚ/ /ˈlɛv.ɚ/ levers n
levier manette
A small such piece to trigger or control a mechanical device (like a button).

lever arm lever arms n
bras de levier
(physics) The distance between the point of application of a force and the axis.

leverage /ˈliːv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ leverages n
effet de levier
(finance) The use of borrowed funds with a contractually determined return to increase the ability to invest and earn an expected higher return, but usually at high risk.

leverage /ˈliːv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɛv(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
exploiter profiter tirer parti
(transitive, chiefly, US, slang, business) To use; to exploit; to manipulate in order to take full advantage (of something).

leveret /ˈlɛvəɹɪt/ /ˈlɛvɹɪt/ leverets n
levraut levreteau
A young hare less than one year old.

levetiracetam /lɛvɪtɪˈræsɪtæm/ n
lévétiracétam

leviathan /ləˈvaɪ.ə.θən/ adj
léviathanique
Very large; gargantuan.

leviathan /ləˈvaɪ.ə.θən/ leviathans n
léviathan
(Bible, mythological creature) A vast sea monster of tremendous strength, described as the most powerful and dangerous creature in the ocean.

levirate /ˈlɛvɪɹət/ levirates n
lévirat
(anthropology) The institution of levirate marriage.

levitate /ˈlɛvɪteɪt/ v
léviter

levitation /ˌlɛvɪˈteɪʃən/ levitations n
lévitation

levity /ˈlɛ.vɪ.ti/ levities n
légèreté nonchalance
Lightness of manner or speech, frivolity; lack of appropriate seriousness; inclination to make a joke of serious matters.
légèreté
The state or quality of being light, buoyancy.
frivolité
(countable) A lighthearted or frivolous act.

levonorgestrel /ˌli.və.nɔɹˈd͡ʒɛ.stɹəl/ /ˌliː.vəʊ.nɔːˈd͡ʒɛ.stɹl̩/ n
lévonorgestrel

levorotatory adj
lévogyre
(chemistry, of an optically active compound or crystal) That rotates the plane of polarized light to the left, or counter-clockwise. Notation: (−) or formerly lowercase l-#Prefix.

levothyroxine /ˌli.voʊ.θaɪˈɹɑk.sɪn/ /ˌli.voʊ.θaɪˈɹɑkˌsin/ n
lévothyroxine

levy /ˈlɛ.vi/ levies n
impôt prélèvement taxe
The act of levying.

levy /ˈlɛ.vi/ v
lever
(transitive) To impose (a tax or fine) to collect monies due, or to confiscate property.

lewd /ljuːd/ /lud/ lewder lewdest adj
lascif lubrique grivois paillard
Lascivious, sexually promiscuous, rude.

lexeme /ˈlɛkˌsiːm/ lexemes n
lexème
(linguistics) A lexical item corresponding to the set of all words (or of all multi-word expressions) that are semantically related through inflection of a particular shared basic form.

lexical /ˈlɛksɪkəl/ adj
lexical
(linguistics) Concerning the vocabulary, words, sentences or morphemes of a language.
(linguistics) Denoting a content word as opposed to a function word.

lexical category lexical categories n
classe lexicale partie du discours catégorie lexicale nature
(linguistics) A linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

lexical item lexical items n
lexie
(semantics) A term (that is, a word or sequence of words) that acts as a unit of meaning, including words, phrases, phrasal verbs and proverbs; exemplified by cat, traffic light, take care of, by-the-way, and don't count your chickens before they hatch.

lexicalize v
lexicaliser
(intransitive, of a term) To become part of the vocabulary of a language as a single lexical unit with a distinct meaning.

lexicographer /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ lexicographers n
lexicographe
One who writes or compiles a dictionary.

lexicographic more lexicographic most lexicographic adj
lexicographique
Like a dictionary, relating to lexicography (the writing of a dictionary).

lexicographically more lexicographically most lexicographically adv
lexicographiquement

lexicography /-sə-/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌlɛksɪˈkɒɡɹəfi/ lexicographies n
lexicographie
(uncountable) The art or craft of compiling, writing, and editing dictionaries.
(uncountable, linguistics) The scholarly discipline of analysing and describing the semantic, syntagmatic and paradigmatic relationships within the lexicon (vocabulary) of a language and developing theories of dictionary components and structures linking the data in dictionaries.

lexicological adj
lexicologique
pertaining to lexicology

lexicologically adv
lexicologiquement
In terms of lexicology.

lexicologist lexicologists n
lexicologue
an expert at lexicology

lexicology lexicologies n
lexicologie
(uncountable, linguistics) The part of linguistics that studies words, their nature and meaning, words' elements, relations between words including semantic relations, words groups and the whole lexicon.

lexicon /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɑn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kɒn/ /ˈlɛk.sɪ.kən/ lexica lexicons n
lexique vocabulaire
The vocabulary of a language.
lexique
(lexicography, linguistics) A dictionary that includes or focuses on lexemes.
A dictionary of Classical Greek, Hebrew, Latin, or Aramaic.
The vocabulary used by or known to an individual. (Also called lexical knowledge.)
champ lexical
A set of vocabulary specific to a certain subject.

li /liː/ li lis n
li
The Chinese mile, a traditional unit of distance equal to 1500 chis or 150 zhangs, now standardized as a half-kilometer (500 meters).

liability /laɪəˈbɪlɪti/ liabilities n
passif
(accounting) Any item recorded on the right-hand side of a balance sheet.
responsabilité dette
An obligation, debt or responsibility owed to someone.

liability insurance liability insurances n
assurance responsabilité civile
Any insurance against a potential loss due to the insured's liability for injury or damage to others.

liable /ˈlaɪ̯əbəl/ [ˈlaɪ̯əbəɫ] [ˈlaɪ̯əbɫ̩] more liable most liable adj
responsable
bound or obliged in law or equity; responsible; answerable.

liaise /liːˈeɪz/ v
lier
To establish a liaison.

liaison /-z(ə)n/ /-zən/ /-ˌsɑn/ /-ˌzɒn/ /laɪ.ˈeɪ.ˌzɒn/ /li.ˈeɪ.ˌzɑn/ /li.ˈeɪ.ˌzɒ̃/ /ˈ laɪ.ə.sən/ liaisons n
liaison
Communication between two parties or groups.
Cooperation, working together.
A relayer of information between two forces in an army or during war.
A tryst; a romantic meeting.
(figuratively) An illicit sexual relationship or affair.

liar /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ liars n
menteur menteuse
A person who frequently lies.

liar paradox liar paradoxes n
paradoxe du menteur

libation /laɪˈbeɪʃən/ libations n
libation
The act of pouring a liquid, most often wine, in sacrifice on the ground, on a ritual object, or on a victim, in honor of some deity.
(often, _, humorous) A beverage, especially an alcoholic one.

libel /ˈlaɪbəl/ libels n
diffamation
calomnie libelle
(countable) A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation.
calomnie
(uncountable) The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly.

libeler libelers n
diffamateur
One who libels.

libeller libellers n
diffamateur
One who libels.

libelous /ˈlaɪ.bəl.əs/ more libelous most libelous adj
calomnieux diffamatoire
Defamatory, libeling, referring to something that causes harm to someone's reputation especially with malice or disregard.
diffamatoire
Meeting the legal standards for libel.

liberal /ˈlɪbəɹəl/ /ˈlɪbɹəl/ more liberal most liberal adj
libéral
(now, rare, outside, set phrases) Pertaining to those arts and sciences the study of which is considered to provide general knowledge, as opposed to vocational/occupational, technical or mechanical training.
large libéral
Generous; permitting liberty; willing to give unsparingly.
Widely open to new ideas, willing to depart from established opinions or conventions; permissive.
généreux
Ample, abundant; generous in quantity.
libéral de gauche
(politics) Open to political or social changes and reforms associated with either classical or modern liberalism.

liberal /ˈlɪbəɹəl/ /ˈlɪbɹəl/ liberals n
libéral
One with liberal views, supporting individual liberty (see Wikipedia's article on Liberalism).
(political) A supporter of any of several liberal parties.
(UK politics) One who favors individual voting rights, human and civil rights, and laissez-faire markets (also called "classical liberal"; compare libertarian).

liberal arts n
arts libéraux
The academic course of instruction intended to provide general knowledge and usually comprising the arts, humanities, natural sciences, and social sciences, as opposed to professional or technical subjects.

liberal homophobia n
homophobie libérale

liberal party liberal parties n
parti libéral
(politics) A political party with liberal values

liberalism liberalisms n
libéralisme
The quality of being liberal.
(politics) Any political movement founded on the autonomy and personal freedom of the individual, progress and reform, and government by law with the consent of the governed.
(economics) An economic ideology in favour of laissez faire and the free market (related to economic liberalism).

liberalization liberalizations n
libéralisation
The process or act of making more liberal.

liberalize /ˈlɪbəɹəlaɪz/ v
libéraliser
(transitive) to make liberal, free.
se libéraliser
(intransitive) to become liberal, free.

liberate /ˈlɪbəɹeɪt/ v
libérer
(transitive) To set free, to make or allow to be free, particularly

liberation liberations n
libération
The act of liberating or the state of being liberated.

libero /lɪˈbɛɹoʊ/ /ˈlɪbəɹoʊ/ /ˈlɪbəɹəʊ/ liberos n
libero libéro
(volleyball) A designated back-row player intended to be used as a ball-control specialist.

libertarian /ˌlɪb.əˈteː.ɹjən/ /ˌlɪb.əˈtɛə.ɹjən/ /ˌlɪb.ɚˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ more libertarian most libertarian adj
libertaire
Having the beliefs of libertarians; having a relative tendency towards liberty.

libertarian /ˌlɪb.əˈteː.ɹjən/ /ˌlɪb.əˈtɛə.ɹjən/ /ˌlɪb.ɚˈtɛɹ.i.ən/ libertarians n
libertaire
One who advocates liberty, either generally or in relation to a specific issue.

libertarianism /lɪbəˈtɛːɹɪənɪz(ə)m/ libertarianisms n
libertarianisme libertarisme
(philosophy, politics, economics) A political philosophy maintaining that all persons are the absolute owners of their own lives, and should be free to do whatever they wish with their persons or property, provided they allow others that same liberty.

liberticide adj
liberticide
Causing the destruction of liberty; oppressive, liberticidal

liberticide liberticides n
liberticide
The destruction of liberty.
One who causes the destruction of liberty.

libertinism libertinisms n
libertinage
A lifestyle or pattern of behavior characterized by self-indulgence and lack of restraint, especially one involving sexual promiscuity and rejection of religious or other moral authority.

liberty /ˈlɪb.ə.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɚ.ti/ /ˈlɪb.ɪ.ti/ [ˈlɪb.ɚ.ɾi] [ˈlɪb.ɪ.ɾi] liberties n
liberté
The condition of being free from control or restrictions.

libidinal /lə.ˈbɪ.də.nəl/ adj
libidinal libidinale
Relating or pertaining to the libido.

libidinosity n
libidinosité
Lustful desires, characterized by lewdness; sensuality; lascivity.

libidinous /lɪˈbɪ.dɪ.nəs/ more libidinous most libidinous adj
libidineux
Having lustful desires; characterized by lewdness.

libido /lɪˈbiː.dəʊ/ libidos n
libido
(common usage) Sexual urges or drives.
(psychology) Drives or mental energies related to or based on sexual instincts but not necessarily sexual in and of themselves.

librarian /laɪˈbɹɛɹ.i.ən/ librarians n
bibliothécaire
The keeper, manager of a library.
One who cares for the publications, files etc. in a library, whether staff or volunteer.
archiviste
A person who processes and organizes information.

library /ˈlaɪbɹi/ /ˈlaɪbɹəɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɛɹi/ /ˈlaɪˌbɹɛɹi/ libraries n
bibliothèque
An institution which holds books and/or other forms of media for use by the public or qualified people often lending them out, as well as providing various other services for its users.
(genetics) A collection of DNA material from a single organism or relative to a single disease.
(card games) The deck or draw pile.
bibliothèque librairie
A collection of books or other forms of stored information.

library and information science n
sciences de l’information et des bibliothèques
(information science) Library science.

library science library sciences n
bibliothéconomie
An interdisciplinary science incorporating the humanities, law and applied science to study topics related to libraries, the collection, organization, preservation and dissemination of information resources, and the political economy of information.

libration point libration points n
point de libration
(astrophysics) Synonym of Lagrange point

libre /-bɹeɪ/ /ˈlibɹə/ /ˈliːbɹə/ [ˈlibʁ] adj
libre
(software) With very few limitations on distribution or the right to access the source code to create improved versions, but not necessarily free of charge. [from late 20th c.]

librettist librettists n
librettiste
The person who writes a libretto.

libretto /lɪˈbɹɛt.oʊ/ /lɪˈbɹɛt.əʊ/ libretti librettos n
livret libretto
The text of a dramatic musical work, such as an opera.
A book containing such a text.

liceity /lɪˈsiːɪti/ liceities n
licéité
(religious) The legitimacy of an act or its consequences, by opposition to the validity.

license /ˈlaɪsəns/ licenses n
licence
A legal document giving official permission to do something; a permit.
The legal terms under which a person is allowed to use a product, especially software.

license plate license plates n
plaque d'immatriculation plaque minéralogique
An identifying tag, usually of metal, bearing a sequence of letters, numbers, or both identifying the vehicle, and placed at the back and, often, also at the front of a motor vehicle.

licentiate /laɪˈsɛnʃiət/ licentiates n
diplomé diplomée
A person who holds the academic degree of license.

licentious /laɪ.ˈsɛn.ʃəs/ more licentious most licentious adj
libertin leste voluptueux polisson
Lacking restraint, or ignoring societal standards, particularly in sexual conduct; sexually unprincipled.
licencieux
Disregarding accepted rules.

licentiousness licentiousnesses n
licence licenciosité
The property of being licentious.

lich /laɪx/ /litʃ/ /lɪtʃ/ liches lichs n
liche
(fantasy, RPG) A reanimated corpse or undead being; particularly an intelligent, undead spellcaster.

lichen /ˈlaɪ.kən/ /ˈlɪ.tʃən/ lichen lichens n
lichen
Any of many symbiotic organisms, being associations of algae and fungi, often found as white or yellow-to-blue–green patches on rocks, old walls, etc.

lichenic adj
lichénique
Relating to, or obtained from lichens

lichenological adj
lichenologique

lichenologist lichenologists n
lichénologue
An expert in lichenology.

lichenology n
lichenologie lichénologie
the scientific study of lichens

lichenometry n
lichénométrie
(archaeology, paleontology, geomorphology) A geomorphic method of geochronologic dating that uses lichen growth to determine the age of exposed rock.

licit /ˈlɪs.ɪt/ more licit most licit adj
licite
(legal) Explicitly established or constituted by law.

lick /lɪk/ licks n
léchage
The act of licking; a stroke of the tongue.

lick /lɪk/ v
lécher
(transitive) To stroke with the tongue.
(vulgar, slang) To perform cunnilingus.
défaire vaincre
(colloquial) To defeat decisively, particularly in a fight.

lick one's chops v
se lécher les babines
(idiomatic) To look forward avidly to eating something.
(idiomatic, by extension) To anticipate something eagerly.

lick one's wounds v
panser ses blessures panser ses plaies
(idiomatic) To withdraw temporarily while recovering from a defeat; to recuperate.

lick someone's boots v
lécher les bottes

licker /ˈlɪkɚ/ lickers n
lécheur lécheuse
Someone or something that licks.

licking /ˈlɪkɪŋ/ lickings n
léchage
The act by which something is licked.

lickspittle /ˈlɪkspɪtl/ /ˈlɪkspɪtəl/ v
lèche-botte lèche-cul
(transitive, and, intransitive) To play the toady; take the role of a lickspittle to please (someone).

licorice /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪs/ /ˈlɪ.k(ə).ɹɪʃ/ licorices n
réglisse
(countable) The plant Glycyrrhiza glabra, or sometimes in North America, the related American Licorice plant Glycyrrhiza lepidota.
(uncountable, chemistry) A flavouring agent made from dried root portions of the aforementioned plant.

licorice wheel licorice wheels n
cordonnet de réglisse

lictor /ˈlɪktə/ /ˈlɪktɚ/ lictors n
licteur
An officer in ancient Rome, attendant on a consul or magistrate, who bore the fasces and was responsible for punishing criminals.

lid /lɪd/ lids n
couvercle
The top or cover of a container.

lidocaine /ˈlaɪ.dəˌkeɪn/ /ˈlɪd.ə(ʊ).keɪn/ lidocaines n
lidocaïne
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline compound TemplateParserError:LuaError that is used in the form of its hydrochloride as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent.

lie /laɪ̯/ lies n
mensonge
An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.

lie /laɪ̯/ v
gésir être couché être étendu
(intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.
mentir mythonner
(intransitive) To give false information intentionally with intent to deceive.
trouver
(intransitive) To be placed or situated.

lie detector lie detectors n
détecteur de mensonges

lie down v
coucher allonger étendre
(intransitive) To assume a horizontal position.

lie in wait v
être à l'affût
To be hiding, waiting to ambush or attack someone, or simply to accost them unexpectedly.

lie low v
faire profil bas se faire tout petit
(intransitive) To conceal oneself; to remain hidden.

lie through one's teeth v
mentir comme un arracheur de dents
(idiomatic) To tell an obvious untruth.

liege /liːd͡ʒ/ /liːʒ/ adj
lige
Sovereign; independent; having authority or right to allegiance.
Serving an independent sovereign or master; bound by a feudal tenure; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, such as a vassal to his lord; faithful.

liege /liːd͡ʒ/ /liːʒ/ lieges n
suzerain
A free and independent person; specifically, a lord paramount; a sovereign.
vassal
The subject of a sovereign or lord; a liegeman.

lien /liːn/ /ˈliːn/ /ˈliːən/ liens n
droit de rétention
(legal) A right to take possession of a debtor’s property as security until a debt or duty is discharged.

lieutenant /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/ /ləˈtɛnənt/ /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ /ˈlɛftɛnənt/ adj
lieutenant
A military grade that is junior to the grade the adjective modifies: lieutenant colonel, lieutenant general, lieutenant commander.

lieutenant /l(j)uˈtɛnənt/ /ləˈtɛnənt/ /lɛfˈtɛnənt/ /ˈlɛftɛnənt/ lieutenants n
lieutenant lieutenante
(military) The lowest junior commissioned officer rank(s) in many military forces, often Army and Marines.
A person who manages or executes the plans and directives of another, more senior person; a manager to their director.

lieutenant admiral lieutenant admirals lieutenants admiral lieutenants admirals n
vice-amiral d'escadre

lieutenant colonel lieutenant colonels lieutenants colonel n
lieutenant-colonel
An English-language term used as a general categorization for military officer ranks that are the equivalent of lieutenant colonel, the relative rank level is found in most countries.

lieutenant governor lieutenant governors n
lieutenant-gouverneur
(government) The state representative of, or second-in-command of a governor, or Crown, who usually acts as the nominal chief executive officer of the realm.
(US, government) The next-in-line to the chief executive of a primary political division of the United States of America, such as a state, second to the governor.

life /laɪf/ lives n
vie
(uncountable) The state of organisms preceding their death, characterized by biological processes such as metabolism and reproduction and distinguishing them from inanimate objects; the state of being alive and living.
A worthwhile existence.
Something which is inherently part of a person's existence, such as job, family, a loved one, etc.
The period during which one (a person, an animal, a plant; a civilization, species; a star; etc) is alive.
Animation; spirit; vivacity.
Nature, reality, and the forms that exist in it.
(video games) One of the player's chances to play, lost when the player's character dies or when certain mistakes are made.

life belt life belts n
bouée de sauvetage
A buoyant ring carried on board ships that can be thrown to someone in the water in an emergency to keep themselves afloat.

life choice life choices n
choix de vie

life coach life coaches n
coach de vie
A professional who helps clients to achieve their personal goals.

life cycle /ˈlaɪf ˌsaɪ.kəl/ life cycles n
cycle de vie
(biology) The course of stages through which an organism passes from fertilized zygote until maturity, reproduction, and death.

life estate life estates n
domaine viager propriété viagère
(legal) An estate in land which is owned by a party only for the duration of the life of that party, and for which ownership will revert to another upon the death of that party.

life expectancy life expectancies n
espérance de vie
(of a, person) The amount of time one is expected to live.

life force life forces n
force vitale élan vital
The hypothetical principle that animates all living organisms.

life insurance life insurances n
assurance-vie
A form of insurance on the life of a person. If the person dies then the insurance policy pays out a sum of money to the beneficiary (such as a person's family).

life is not all beer and skittles proverb
la vie n'est pas toujours une partie de plaisir
(UK) Not everything about life is pleasurable.

life jacket life jackets n
gilet de sauvetage
an article of protective clothing that is designed to keep the wearer's head floating above the surface of the water.

life member life members n
membre à vie

life of Riley /ˈlaɪf əv ˈɹaɪ.li/ n
vie de Cocagne vie de château vie de coq-en-pâte
(idiomatic, dated) An ideal life of carefree prosperity and luxurious contentment.

life preserver life preservers n
bouée de sauvetage gilet de sauvetage
(US) A buoyant ring or vest intended to keep a person afloat.

life raft life rafts n
canot de sauvetage
A usually inflatable raft carried aboard a ship or airplane, used to save lives in case the vessel has to be abandoned in an emergency on the sea.

life savings n
économies d'une vie
A large sum of money one has saved over a considerable number of years.

life science life sciences n
science de la vie
Any of the sciences dealing with living organisms, such as biology and zoology.

life sentence life sentences n
condamnation à perpétuité emprisonnement à perpétuité
(legal) A sentence of imprisonment for the rest of the defendant's life.

life's a bitch and then you die proverb
la vie, c'est nul et après on meurt
(informal, vulgar) An expression of acceptance of misfortune in life.

life-size adj
grandeur nature
(of any representation, especially pictures, statues) The same size as the real thing.

lifeblood lifebloods n
forces vives élément moteur élément vital
(figuratively) That which is required for continued existence or function.

lifeboat /ˈlaɪfˌboʊt/ /ˈlaɪfˌbəʊt/ lifeboats n
radeau de survie
(nautical) A boat especially designed for saving the lives of shipwrecked people or people in distress at sea (either launched from the shore with a crew, or else carried on board a larger ship).

lifeform lifeforms n
forme de vie
Any specific living organism.

lifeguard lifeguards n
maître-nageur sauveteur maître-nageuse
A lifesaver: a rescuer, usually an expert swimmer, employed to save swimmers in trouble or near drowning at a body of water.

lifeless /ˈlaɪfləs/ more lifeless most lifeless adj
sans vie
dead; having lost life

lifelike more lifelike most lifelike adj
très ressemblant très réaliste
Like a living being, resembling life, giving an accurate representation

lifeline /ˈlaɪfˌlaɪn/ lifelines n
ligne de vie
bouée de sauvetage
(by extension) A source of salvation in a crisis.
cordon ombilical
A means or route for transporting indispensable supplies.

lifesaver lifesavers n
sauveteur secouriste
Someone or something that saves lives.

lifespan lifespans n
durée de vie longévité
The length of time for which an organism lives.
durée de vie
(by extension) The length of time for which something exists or is current or valid.

lifestyle /ˈlaɪfˌstaɪl/ lifestyles n
mode de vie hygiène de vie
A style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group.

lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ lifetimes n
durée de vie vie
The duration of the life of someone or something.
cent sept ans éternité
(informal, hyperbole) A long period of time.

lifetime job lifetime jobs n
emploi à vie
(US) A job in which one remains for one's whole career until one's retirement.

lift /lɪft/ lifts n
levée
An act of lifting or raising.
ascenseur
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) Mechanical device for vertically transporting goods or people between floors in a building.
portance
An upward force; especially, the force (generated by wings, rotary wings, or airfoils) that keeps aircraft aloft.

lift /lɪft/ v
lever
(transitive) To remove (a ban, restriction, etc.).
lever piquer voler
To try to raise something; to exert the strength for raising or bearing.

lift a finger v
lever le petit doigt
(figuratively, chiefly in the negative) To make minimal effort; to help as little as possible.

lift someone's spirits v
remonter le moral

liftering n
liftrage
(signal processing) Filtering in the cepstral domain.

lifting /ˈlɪf.tɪŋ/ liftings n
lifting
(medicine) plastic surgery for tightening facial tissues and improving the facial appearance

liftoff liftoffs n
décollage
(aerospace) The point in the launch of a rocket or an aircraft where it leaves contact with the ground.

liftshaft liftshafts n
puits d'ascenseur
(UK) The vertical shaft in a building which contains a lift (elevator) platform or cab, and through which it is moved from floor to floor.

ligament /ˈlɪɡəmənt/ ligaments n
ligament
(anatomy) A band of strong tissue that connects bones to other bones.

ligand /ˈlaɪ.ɡənd/ /ˈlɪɡ.ənd/ ligands n
ligand
(chemistry) A molecule or moiety (ion, functional group, or radical) that binds to another chemical entity to form a larger complex; as, especially:

ligase /ˈlaɪɡeɪz/ /ˈlɪɡeɪz/ ligases n
ligase
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the binding of two molecules; synthetase.

ligature /ˈlɪɡət͡ʃɚ/ ligatures n
ligature
(countable, typography) A character that visually combines multiple letters, such as æ, œ, ß or ĳ; also logotype. Sometimes called a typographic ligature.
(countable, music) A group of notes played as a phrase, or the curved line that indicates such a phrase.

liger /ˈlaɪɡɚ/ ligers n
ligre tiglon tigron
An animal born to a male lion and a tigress.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lighter lightest adj
lumineux lumineuse
Having light; bright; clear; not dark or obscure.
clair pâle
Pale or whitish in color; highly luminous and more or less deficient in chroma.
léger sans importance
Having little weight as compared with bulk; of little density or specific gravity.
au lait
(of coffee) Served with extra milk or cream.
léger
(nautical, of a ship) Riding high because of no cargo; by extension, pertaining to a ship which is light.
Lightly built; typically designed for speed or small loads.
Low in fat, calories, alcohol, salt, etc.
Gentle; having little force or momentum.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] lights n
lumière clarté
(physics, uncountable) Electromagnetic radiation in the wavelength range visible to the human eye (about 400–750 nanometers); visible light.
lumière
(countable) A source of illumination.
(figurative) Spiritual or mental illumination; enlightenment, useful information.
A point of view, or aspect from which a concept, person or thing is regarded.

light /laɪt/ /lʌɪt/ [ɫɐɪ̯ʔ] v
allumer illuminer
(transitive) To set fire to; to set burning.
éclairer
To attend or conduct with a light; to show the way to by means of a light.
allumer
(transitive, pinball) To make (a bonus) available to be collected by hitting a target, and thus light up the feature light corresponding to that bonus to indicate its availability.

light as a feather adj
léger comme l'air léger comme une plume
(simile) extremely light, having minimal weight

light at the end of the tunnel lights at the end of the tunnel n
bout du tunnel voir le bout du tunnel
(idiomatic) A better situation after long hardship.

light blue light blues n
bleu clair
A pale blue colour: sky blue or similar.

light bulb /ˈlaɪtˌbʌlb/ light bulbs n
ampoule lampe ampoule électrique
An evacuated glass bulb containing a metal filament which is heated by electrical resistance to produce light.

light hour light hours n
heure-lumière
(astronomy, physics) A unit of length equal to the distance light travels in one hour

light industry light industries n
industrie légère
Any industry that does not require high capitalization or heavy machinery.

light machine gun light machine guns n
fusil-mitrailleur

light pen light pens n
crayon optique
(computer hardware) A pen-like device allowing a computer user to interact with the screen display.

light pollution n
pollution lumineuse
An excess of artificial light, especially near urban areas, reducing visibility of stars, etc. in the night sky.

light rail light rails n
métro léger système léger sur rail transit léger sur rail
(US, Canada, rail) A kind of passenger railway in urban and suburban settings typically characterized by a mixture of tram (or in North America streetcar) and metro features, crossing streets at grade crossings and normally powered by electricity.

light side of the Force n
côté clair de la force côté lumineux de la force

light source /ˈlaɪt.sɔɹs/ /ˈlaɪt.sɔːs/ [ˈlʌɪt.sɔɹs] light sources n
source lumineuse
A source of illumination.

light switch light switches n
interrupteur
A switch, usually mounted on a wall in a building, used to turn the light or another appliance such as a fan on and off.

light verb light verbs n
verbe léger
(linguistics) A semantically incomplete verb which qualifies as a predicate only in combination with a predicative complement, usually a noun.

light year /ˈlaɪt.jɜː/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪə/ /ˈlaɪt.jɪɹ/ /ˈläːt.jøː/ light years n
année-lumière
(astronomy) A unit of length (abbreviation ly; equal to just under 10 trillion kilometres (1016 metres)) equal to the distance light travels in one Julian year; used to measure extremely large distances.

light-emitting diode light-emitting diodes n
diode électroluminescente
(physics) A rectifying semiconductor device which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength in or near the visible spectrum of light.

light-sensitive more light-sensitive most light-sensitive adj
photosensible
affected by, or sensitive to light.

lighten /ˈlaɪ.tən/ [ˈlaɪtn̩] [ˈlaɪʔn̩] v
alléger
(transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of.

lighter /ˈlaɪtə/ /ˈlaɪtɚ/ [ˈlaɪɾɚ] lighters n
briquet
A device used to light things, especially a reusable handheld device for creating fire to light cigarettes.

lighthouse /ˈlaɪthaʊs/ lighthouses n
phare
A tower or other structure exhibiting a light or lights to warn or guide sailors.

lighthouse keeper lighthouse keepers n
gardien de phare gardienne de phare
A person who lives in a lighthouse and tends the light together with its optics and mechanisms.

lighting /ˈlaɪtɪŋ/ lightings n
éclairage
The equipment used to provide illumination; the illumination so provided.

lightly /ˈlaɪtli/ lightlier lightliest more lightly most lightly adv
légèrement
In a light manner.

lightness /ˈlaɪtnəs/ lightnesses n
luminosité
(uncountable) the condition of being illuminated
légèreté
The state of having little (or less) weight, or little force.
clarté
(uncountable) the relative whiteness or transparency of a colour

lightning /ˈlaɪt.nɪŋ/ [ˈlɐɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] [ˈlʌɪ̯ʔ.nɪŋ] lightnings n
éclair éloise
A flash of light produced by short-duration, high-voltage discharge of electricity within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the earth.
foudre
A discharge of this kind.

lightning fast adj
éclair foudroyant rapide comme l'éclair
(idiom) Extremely fast, fast as lightning.

lightning never strikes twice in the same place proverb
la foudre ne tombe jamais deux fois au même endroit

lightning rod lightning rods n
paratonnerre
A metallic conductor that is attached to a high point of a building and leads to the ground to protect the building from damage by lightning.

lights, camera, action phraseologicalUnit
silence, moteur, action !
(cinematography) The traditional cue to the members of a (silent) film crew at the beginning of a take. When talkies began, “sound” was inserted between “lights” and “camera”.

lights-out /ˈlaɪts.aʊt/ n
couvre-feu
The time at night at which artificial lights are to be turned off, a curfew or bedtime.

lightsaber /laɪt.ˈseɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /laɪt.ˈseɪ.bɚ/ lightsabers n
sabre laser sabre-laser sabrolaser
(science fiction) A sword having a blade made of a powerful beam of light or energy. [from 1977.]

lightship lightships n
bateau-feu bateau-phare
(nautical) A vessel riding at anchor and displaying a light for the guidance of sailors, in a position where a fixed lighthouse structure would be impracticable.

lightspeed lightspeeds n
vitesse de la lumière
The speed of light (in vacuum unless another medium is specified).

lightweight /laɪtˈweɪt/ /ˈlaɪt.weɪt/ more lightweight most lightweight adj
léger
Having less than average weight.

lightweight /laɪtˈweɪt/ /ˈlaɪt.weɪt/ lightweights n
poids léger
(combat, _, sports) A particular weight class, or member of such, as prescribed by the rules, between that of the heavier welterweight and the lighter featherweight. See Wikipedia for the specifics of each sport.
(rowing) A particular weight category as prescribed by the rules, separate from an open or heavyweight class.
(weightlifting) A competitive weight division as prescribed by the rules, between the heavier middleweight and the lighter featherweight.
One of little consequence or ability.
(by extension) A person with low endurance.
A person who cannot handle their drink; one who gets drunk on very little alcohol.
A political candidate with little chance of winning.

ligneous more ligneous most ligneous adj
ligneux
Of, or resembling wood; woody.
(botany) Containing lignin or xylem.

lignify /ˈlɪɡnɪfaɪ/ v
lignifier
(intransitive) To become wood.

lignite /lɪɡnaɪ̯t/ lignites n
lignite
A low-grade, brownish-black coal.

lignoceric acid n
acide lignocérique
(fatty acid) The saturated fatty acid n-tetracosanoic acid, having twenty-four carbon atoms; it is found in wood tar

likable /ˈlaɪkəbl̩/ more likable most likable adj
aimable sympa sympathique
(of a person) Having qualities tending to result in being liked; friendly, personable.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ more like most like adj
pareil
Similar.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ likes n
préférence
(chiefly, in the plural) Something that a person likes (prefers).
j'aime mention « j'aime »
(internet) An individual vote showing support for, approval of, or enjoyment of, something posted on the Internet.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ particle
comme genre
(colloquial) Indicating approximation or uncertainty.
(colloquial) Used to precede an approximate quotation or paraphrase or an expression of something that happened.

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ preposition
comme
Similar to, reminiscent of
Such as

like /laɪ̯k/ /læ̙ːk/ /lɑːk/ /lɔɪ̯k/ v
aimer bien aimer plaire
(obsolete) To have an appearance or expression; to look; to seem to be (in a specified condition).
plaire aimer
To find attractive; to prefer the company of; to have mild romantic feelings for.
aimer liker plussoyer
(Internet, transitive) To show support for, or approval of, something posted on the Internet by marking it with a vote.

like a bull in a china shop adj
comme un éléphant dans un magasin de porcelaine
(simile) Clumsy, aggressive, without care, concern or self-control.

like a bull in a china shop adv
comme un éléphant dans un magasin de porcelaine
(simile) Clumsily, aggressively, without care, concern or self-control.

like a cow pissing on a flat rock adv
pleuvoir comme vache qui pisse
(US, of rain or other liquid falling, vulgar) Heavily; copiously (and often loudly).

like a duck takes to water
comme un poisson dans l'eau
(simile, idiomatic) Very naturally; without effort.

like a man
comme un homme
(colloquial, simile) Bravely, decisively, and without complaining.

like crazy
comme un fou comme un malade
(simile, colloquial) To a great or excessive degree; with great speed, output, enthusiasm, etc.

like father, like son proverb
tel père, tel fils
A son takes after his father.

like hell
le diable aux chausses le diable aux cul le diable aux trousses à mort
(intensifier) In a manner that uses all of the strength, speed, or effort that a person can summon.
c'est mort mon cul
(negator) Used ironically to express the opposite of one's intentions

like hot cakes
comme des petits pains
(simile, colloquial) Quickly, especially by purchase or consumption.

like it or not adv
qu'on le veuille ou non que tu le veuilles ou non

like mother, like daughter proverb
telle mère, telle fille
(idiom) A daughter takes after her mother.

like one's life depended on it
comme si sa vie en dépendait
(idiomatic, simile) Desperately.

like riding a bike
c'est comme le vélo, ça s'oublie pas
(simile) Said of skill that, once learned, is never forgotten.

like shooting fish in a barrel
bête comme chou con comme la lune simple comme bonjour
(simile) Extremely easy; sometimes with a connotation of triumph but at other times with a connotation of being meaningless and unsatisfying.

like so adv
comme ceci

like that
ainsi comme ceci comme cela comme ça
(adverbial) In such, the same, a similar way, in that particular manner
comme [[celui-ci]]/[[celui-là]] comme ça de tel du genre, de ce genre
(adjectival) Of the same, a similar, that particular kind.

like turkeys voting for Christmas /laɪk ˌtɜːkiz ˈvəʊtɪŋ fə ˈkɹɪsməs/ /laɪk ˌtɝkiz ˈvoʊtɪŋ fɚ ˈkɹɪsməs/ [-ɾɪŋ-] phraseologicalUnit
scier la branche sur laquelle on est assis se tirer une balle dans le pied
(Britain, simile, humorous, of an action) Self-defeating; serving to bring about a situation detrimental to the performer of the action. [from 1977]

like two peas in a pod
comme deux gouttes d'eau
(simile, of two things) Very similar; a couple made for each other.

likeability likeabilities n
amabilité

likelemba likelembas n
likelemba
Any small ROSCA in Africa.

likelihood /ˈlaɪklihʊd/ likelihoods n
vraisemblance
The probability of a specified outcome; the chance of something happening; probability; the state or degree of being probable.

likely /ˈlaɪkli/ likelier likeliest more likely most likely adj
probable
Probable; having a greater-than-even chance of occurring.

liken /ˈlaɪk(ə)n/ /ˈlaɪkən/ v
comparer
Followed by to or (archaic) unto: to regard or state that (someone or something) is like another person or thing; to compare.

likewise /ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz/ adv
pareillement de même
(manner) In a similar manner.
pareillement de même idem
The same to you; used as a response.

liking /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/ likings n
sympathie goût
A like; a predilection.

lilac /ˈlaɪlæk/ /ˈlaɪlɑk/ /ˈlaɪlək/ lilacs n
lilas
A flower of the lilac shrub.
(color) A pale purple color, the color of some lilac flowers.

lilliputian /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuʃən/ more lilliputian most lilliputian adj
lilliputien
Very small, diminutive

lilliputian /ˌlɪlɪˈpjuʃən/ lilliputians n
lilliputien lilliputienne
A very small person or being.

lilo /ˈlaɪləʊ/ lilos n
matelas gonflable matelas pneumatique
An inflatable air mattress.

lily /ˈlɪli/ lilies n
lys lis
Any of several flowers in the genus Lilium of the family Liliaceae, which includes a great many ornamental species.

lily of the valley lilies of the valley n
muguet
A flowering plant, Convallaria majalis, with richly fragrant pendant bells.

lily pad lily pads n
feuille de nénuphar
The round leaf of a water lily, which floats on the surface of the water.

lily-livered more lily-livered most lily-livered adj
poltron
(idiomatic) Cowardly, lacking courage.

lima bean /ˈlaɪmə ˌbin/ /ˈlaɪmə ˌbiːn/ lima beans n
haricot de Lima
A plant of species Phaseolus lunatus or the bean it yields.

limacide limacides n
limacide
(rare, Europe) Any substance intended to kill gastropod molluscs (of the family Limacidae).

limaçon limaçons n
limaçon de Pascal
(geometry) A plane curve with polar equation \rho = a + b\,\sin\,\theta or \rho = a + b\,\cos\,\theta, of which the cardioid is a special case.

limb /lɪm/ limbs n
membre extrémité
A major appendage of human or animal, used for locomotion (such as an arm, leg or wing).
limbe
(astronomy) The apparent visual edge of a celestial body.
(on a measuring instrument) The graduated edge of a circle or arc.
branche
A branch of a tree.
(archery) The part of the bow, from the handle to the tip.

limb /lɪm/ v
démembrer
(transitive) To remove the limbs from (an animal or tree).

limba limbas n
fraké limba
A large African tree, Terminalia superba, whose hard wood is used for furniture, table tennis paddles and musical instruments.

limbate /ˈlɪm.beɪt/ more limbate most limbate adj
bordé encadré entouré frangé ourlé
(biology, paleontology) Having a distinct edge, especially one of a different colour; bordered.

limber /ˈlɪmbə(ɹ)/ limbers n
avant-train
(military) A two-wheeled vehicle to which a wheeled artillery piece or caisson may be attached for transport.

limber /ˈlɪmbə(ɹ)/ v
flexibiliser
To cause to become limber; to make flexible or pliant.

limbic system limbic systems n
système limbique
(neuroanatomy) Part of the human brain involved in emotion, motivation, and emotional association with memory; includes amygdala, cingulate gyrus, fornicate gyrus, hippocampus, hypothalamus, mammillary body, nucleus accumbens, orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus.

limbo /ˈlɪmboʊ/ /ˈlɪmboː/ /ˈlɪmbəʊ/ limbos n
limbes
(Roman Catholicism, uncountable) The place, thought to be on the edge of the bottomless pit of Hell, where the souls of innocent deceased people exist temporarily until they can enter heaven, specifically those of the saints who died before the advent of Jesus Christ (who occupy the limbo patrum or limbo of the patriarchs or fathers) and those of unbaptized infants (who occupy the limbo infantum or limbo of the infants); (countable) the place where each category of souls exists, regarded separately. [from 15th c.]
(countable, uncountable) Chiefly preceded by in: any in-between place, or condition or state, of neglect or oblivion which results in deadlock, delay, or some other unresolved status. [from mid 17th c.]
limbo
(dances, also, attributively) A competitive dance originating from Trinidad and Tobago in which dancers take turns to cross under a horizontal bar while bending backwards. The bar is lowered with each round, and the competition is won by the dancer who passes under the bar in the lowest position without dislodging it or falling down.

lime /laɪm/ adj
citron vert
Containing lime or lime juice.

lime /laɪm/ limes n
chaux
(chemistry) Any inorganic material containing calcium, usually calcium oxide (quicklime) or calcium hydroxide (slaked lime).
lime citron vert limette
Any of several green citrus fruit, somewhat smaller and sharper-tasting than a lemon.
citronnier vert limettier
Any of the trees that bear limes, especially Key lime, Citrus aurantiifolia.

lime green more lime green most lime green adj
vert citron
Having a bright, light-green colour, like that of a lime.

lime mortar lime mortars n
mortier de chaux
A soft form of mortar made from sand and slaked lime, largely replaced by cement mortar in modern building methods.

limekiln limekilns n
chaufour four à chaux
A furnace used to produce lime from limestone.

limelight /ˈlaɪm.laɪt/ limelights n
feux de la rampe
A type of stage lighting once used in theatres and music halls, producing a bright light by the use of incandescent quicklime.

limerick /ˈlɪm(ə)ɹɪk/ limericks n
limerick
A humorous, often bawdy verse of five anapaestic lines, with the rhyme scheme aabba, and typically having an 8–8–5–5–8 cadence.

limescale n
tartre
A white, chalky deposit of calcium carbonate found in kettles, washing machines etc., especially in a hard water area.

limestone /ˈlaɪmˌstoʊn/ /ˈlaɪmˌstəʊn/ limestones n
calcaire pierre à chaux
An abundant rock of marine and fresh-water sediments; primarily composed of calcite (CaCO3); it occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous.

limestone pavement limestone pavements n
lapiaz

limewood limewoods n
bois de tilleul
(UK) The wood from the lime tree or linden tree.

limit /ˈlɪmt/ /ˈlɪmɪt/ limits n
limite
A restriction; a bound beyond which one may not go.
(mathematics) A value to which a sequence converges. Equivalently, the common value of the upper limit and the lower limit of a sequence: if the upper and lower limits are different, then the sequence has no limit (i.e., does not converge).

limit /ˈlɪmt/ /ˈlɪmɪt/ v
limiter
(transitive) To restrict; not to allow to go beyond a certain bound, to set boundaries.

limit point limit points n
point d'accumulation
(topology) Given a subset S of a given topological space T, any point p whose every neighborhood contains some point, distinct from p, which belongs to S.

limitable more limitable most limitable adj
limitable
Able to be limited.

limitation /lɪmɪˈteɪʃən/ limitations n
limitation
The act of limiting or the state of being limited.
An imperfection or shortcoming that limits something's use or value.

limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ more limited most limited adj
limité
With certain (often specified) limits placed upon it.

limited atonement n
expiation limitée expiation particulière rédemption particulière
(theology) A doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is limited in scope to those who are predestined unto salvation, which is conferred only to believers.

limited company limited companies n
société de capitaux
A company in which the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company.

limited liability limited liabilities n
responsabilité limitée

limited liability company limited liability companies n
société à responsabilité limitée
(legal) A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares, and where the governing rules are set forth in a contract entered into by all of the initial shareholders. The name derives from the fact that regardless of potential losses or even bankruptcy of the corporation, individual shareholders will bear a maximum liability of the price they paid for their shares.

limited partnership limited partnerships n
société en commandite
(legal) A form of partnership including limited partners whose potential liability is limited to their investment.

limitless more limitless most limitless adj
illimité
Without limits in extent, size, or quantity; boundless.

limn /lɪm/ v
dessiner dépeindre peindre
(transitive, also, figuratively) To draw or paint; to delineate.
enluminer
(transitive, obsolete) To illuminate, as a manuscript; to decorate with gold or some other bright colour.

limnology limnologies n
limnologie
(ecology) The science concerning the biological, physical and geological properties of fresh water bodies, especially lakes and ponds.

limnoterrestrial adj
limnoterrestre

limonite limonites n
limonite
(mineral) Any of several natural hydrous iron oxides; often a mixture of goethite and hemite with clays and manganese oxide.

limousine /ˌlɪməˈziːn/ limousines n
limousine
A luxury sedan or saloon car, especially one with a lengthened wheelbase or driven by a chauffeur. [from 1930s]

limp /lɪmp/ limper limpest adj
flaccide mou
flaccid; flabby, like flesh.
boité mou
lacking stiffness; flimsy
mou
physically weak

limp /lɪmp/ limps n
boitement boiterie
An irregular, jerky or awkward gait.

limp /lɪmp/ v
boiter claudiquer boitiller
(intransitive) To walk lamely, as if favouring one leg.

limpet /ˈlɪm.pɪt/ limpets n
patelle lampotte
A small mollusc, of the family Patellidae with a conical shell found clinging to rocks in the intertidal zones of rocky shores.

limpid /ˈlɪmpɪd/ more limpid most limpid adj
limpide
Clear, transparent or bright.

limpidity limpidities n
limpidité
The property of being limpid.

limpkin limpkins n
courlan brun
A large bird, Aramus guarauna, found in marshes in the Caribbean, Central America and southern Florida.

linalool /lɪˈnæloʊəl/ /lɪˈnæləʊɒl/ linalools n
linalol
(chemistry) A monoterpene alcohol found in many essential oils.

linchpin /ˈlɪnt͡ʃˌpɪn/ linchpins n
cheville cheville ouvrière
A pin inserted through holes at the end of an axle or shaft, so as to secure a wheel or shaft-mounted device.
cheville ouvrière pivot
(figuratively) A central cohesive source of stability and security; a person or thing that is critical to a system or organisation.

linden /ˈlɪn.dən/ lindens n
tilleul
The soft wood of such trees.

lindgrenite lindgrenites n
lindgrenite
(mineral) A monoclinic-prismatic mineral containing copper, hydrogen, molybdenum, and oxygen.

line /laɪn/ /lɑɪn/ [lɑe̯n] lines n
droite
(geometry) An infinitely extending one-dimensional figure that has no curvature; one that has length but not breadth or thickness.
(geometry, informal) A line segment; a continuous finite segment of such a figure.
A series or succession of ancestors or descendants of a given person; a family or race; compare lineage.
ligne
(music) One of the straight horizontal and parallel prolonged strokes on and between which the notes are placed.
A letter, a written form of communication.
A more-or-less straight sequence of people, objects, etc., either arranged as a queue or column and often waiting to be processed or dealt with, or arranged abreast of one another in a row (and contrasted with a column), as in a military formation. [from mid-16th c.]
A verse (in poetry).
(slang) Information about or understanding of something. (Mostly restricted to the expressions get a line on, have a line on, and give a line on.)
A set of products or services sold by a business, or by extension, the business itself. [from early 19th c.]
Any of an ill-defined set of units of length, varying according to the country, discipline, industry, and date of application, commonly with no indication of the intended magnitude:
ligne trait
A path through two or more points (compare ‘segment’); a continuous mark, including as made by a pen; any path, curved or straight.
ligne droite
The wire connecting one telegraphic station with another, a telephone or internet cable between two points: a telephone or network connection.
ride ligne
A threadlike crease or wrinkle marking the face, hand, or body; hence, a characteristic mark.
ligne réplique
A written or printed row of letters, words, numbers, or other text, especially a row of words extending across a page or column, or a blank in place of such text.
ligne de conduite
Course of conduct, thought, occupation, or policy; method of argument; department of industry, trade, or intellectual activity. [from earlier 17th c.]
lignée
(genetics) A population of cells derived from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup.

line /laɪn/ /lɑɪn/ [lɑe̯n] v
doubler fourrer
(transitive) To cover the inner surface of (something), originally especially with linen.
accoupler croiser
(transitive, now, rare, of a dog) To copulate with, to impregnate.
ligne
(intransitive, baseball) To hit a line drive; to hit a line drive which is caught for an out. Compare fly and ground.

line break line breaks n
retour chariot retour à la ligne saut de ligne
(typesetting) A point in writing where text that would normally continue on the same line starts at the beginning of a new line.

line graph line graphs n
graphe adjoint line graph
(graph theory) A graph L(G) which is derived from a given non-oriented graph G such that the vertices of L(G) represent edges of G and so that a clique in L(G) represents a common end-vertex shared by a set of represented edges. (A star subgraph in G transforms into a clique in L(G).)

line integral line integrals n
intégrale curviligne
(math) An integral whose integrand's domain is a curve.

line judge line judges n
juge de ligne
(tennis) An official who watches the lines of the court and judges whether the ball has landed in or out and also declares foot faults.

line of battle lines of battle n
ligne de bataille
(military) The position of troops drawn up in their usual order without any determined maneuver.

line of business lines of business n
branche secteur d'activité
A product or a set of related products that serve a particular customer transaction or business need.

line of credit lines of credit n
ligne de crédit
(finance, banking) A credit facility under which a bank or other lender agrees to provide a client with loans of money up to an approved limit during a predefined period. The client may borrow the entire credit amount all at once or in portions during the specified period.

line of fire lines of fire n
ligne de tir
(military, weaponry) direction in which a weapon fires

line of force lines of force n
ligne de force
(physics) An imaginary line in a field of force, whose tangent at any point gives the direction of the field at that point and whose number through unit area perpendicular to the field represents its intensity.

line of sight lines of sight n
ligne de mire
A straight line along which an observer has a clear view.

line segment line segments n
segment de droite segment
(geometry) A part of a straight line bounded by two points.

line up /laɪn.ˈʌp/ v
faire la queue
(intransitive) To get into a line; especially, so as to wait one's turn.

lineage /ˈlɪn.i.ɪd͡ʒ/ lineages n
lignée descendance lignage
Descent in a line from a common progenitor; progeny; descending line of offspring or ascending line of parentage.
lignage
(advertising) A number of lines of text in a column.

lineament /ˈlɪ.ni.ə.mənt/ lineaments n
linéament
Any distinctive shape or line, etc.

linear /ˈlɪn.i.ə/ /ˈlɪn.i.ɚ/ more linear most linear adj
linéaire
Having the form of a line; straight or roughly straight; following a direct course.
(mathematics) (of polynomials or polynomial equations)

linear algebra n
algèbre linéaire
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics that deals with vectors, vector spaces, linear transformations and systems of linear equations.

linear logic linear logics n
logique linéaire

linear perspective linear perspectives n
perspective linéaire
(arts) A form of geometric perspective in which parallel lines are represented as converging in order to give the illusion of depth and distance.

linear regression linear regressions n
régression linéaire

linear transformation linear transformations n
application linéaire
(linear algebra) A map between vector spaces which preserves the operations of vector addition and scalar multiplication.

linearity /ˌlɪniˈæɹəti/ linearities n
linéarité
The state of being linear.
(mathematics) A relationship between several quantities which can be considered as proportional and expressed in terms of linear algebra, or any mathematical property of a relationship, operation or function that is analogous to such proportionality, satisfying additivity and homogeneity.

linearize v
linéariser
To render an object linear.
To treat in a linear manner.

linearly more linearly most linearly adv
linéairement
In a linear manner.
In the manner of a linear function.

linearly independent adj
linéairement indépendant
(linear algebra) (Of a set of vectors or ring elements) whose nontrivial linear combinations are nonzero

lined antshrike lined antshrikes n
batara mantelé
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus palliatus

lineic adj
linéique

linen /ˈlɪnɪn/ linens n
lin toile linge
(uncountable) Thread or cloth made from flax fiber.
linge
(countable) Domestic textiles, such as tablecloths, bedding, towels, underclothes, etc., that are made of linen or linen-like fabrics of cotton or other fibers; linens.
A light beige colour, like that of linen cloth undyed.

linen closet linen closets n
lingère
A shelved closet or cupboard used for the storage of household linen, particularly bedlinen and associated bedding, but also bathroom and kitchen linen (towels, etc.).

linesman linesmen n
juge de touche

lineup /ˈlaɪn.ʌp/ lineups n
composition formation
(sports) Collectively, the members of a team.

ling /li(ː)ŋ/ /lɪŋ/ ling lings n
lotte
Any of various marine food fish, of the genus Molva, resembling the cod.

lingam lingams n
lingam

linger /ˈlɪŋɡə/ /ˈlɪŋɡɚ/ v
stagner perdurer persister rester s'incruster s'installer
(intransitive) To stay or remain in a place or situation, especially as if unwilling to depart or not easily able to do so.
s'éteindre
(intransitive) To remain alive or existent although still proceeding toward death or extinction; to die gradually.

lingerie /-ɹi/ /ˈlæn.ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈlɑn.ʒə.ɹi/ /ˈlɔ̃.(d)ʒə.ɹæɪ/ /ˌlɑn.ʒəˈɹeɪ/ /ˌlɔn.(d)ʒəˈɹæɪ/ lingeries n
lingerie
Underwear or nightclothes, especially when lacy or designed to be seductive.

lingo /ˈliŋ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈlɪŋ.ɡəʊ/ lingoes lingos n
jargon
(informal) Language, especially language peculiar to a particular group, field, or region; jargon or a dialect.

lingonberry lingonberries n
airelle rouge airelle vigne d'Ida
The berry of this shrub.

lingua franca /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə ˈfɹæŋ.kə/ lingua francas linguae francae linguas franca lingue franche n
langue véhiculaire langue franche lingua franca
A common language used by people of diverse backgrounds to communicate with one another, often a basic form of speech with simplified grammar, particularly, one not the first language of any of its speakers.

lingual /ˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
lingual
(anatomy, dentistry, relational) Related to, near, or on the side toward the tongue.

linguaphile linguaphiles n
linguophile
A person who loves languages and words.

linguicide n
linguicide
The death of a language, either naturally or from political causes.

linguicism linguicisms n
glottophobie
The unfair treatment of an individual or community based on their use of language.

linguicist more linguicist most linguicist adj
glottophobe
Characteristic of or pertaining to linguicism.

linguine /lɪŋˈɡwini/ /lɪŋˈɡwiːnɪ/ linguines n
linguine
Ribbons of pasta, cut from a sheet, not as wide as tagliatelle.

linguist /ˈlɪŋɡwɪst/ linguists n
linguiste
One who studies linguistics.
A person skilled in languages.

linguistic /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ adj
linguistique lingual
Of or relating to language.
linguistique
Of or relating to linguistics.

linguistically /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk(ə)li/ more linguistically most linguistically adv
linguistiquement
From a linguistic perspective.

linguistics /liŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
linguistique
The systematic and scholarly study of language.

liniment /ˈlɪnəmənt/ liniments n
liniment topique
A topical medical preparation intended to be rubbed into the skin with friction, as for example to relieve symptoms of arthritis.

lining /ˈlaɪnɪŋ/ linings n
doublure garniture revêtement
A covering for the inside surface of something.
doublure
The material used for such a covering.

link /lɪŋk/ links n
flambeau torche
(obsolete) A torch, used to light dark streets.
lien rapport connexion
(computing) The connection between buses or systems.
chaînon maillon
(kinematics) Any one of the several elementary pieces of a mechanism, such as the fixed frame, or a rod, wheel, mass of confined liquid, etc., by which relative motion of other parts is produced and constrained.
(chemistry) A bond of affinity, or a unit of valence between atoms; applied to a unit of chemical force or attraction.
lien hyperlien hypertexte
(engineering) Any intermediate rod or piece for transmitting force or motion, especially a short connecting rod with a bearing at each end; specifically (in steam engines) the slotted bar, or connecting piece, to the opposite ends of which the eccentric rods are jointed, and by means of which the movement of the valve is varied, in a link motion.

link /lɪŋk/ v
lier relier
(transitive) To connect two or more things.
lier hyperlier contenir un lien (vers) pointer
(intransitive, of a Web page) To contain a hyperlink to another page.

linkage /ˈlɪŋkɪdʒ/ linkages n
timonerie
A mechanical device that connects things.
liaison
(US, politics, historical) A United States foreign policy, during the 1970s détente in the Cold War, of persuading the Soviet Union to co-operate in restraining revolutions in the Third World in return for nuclear and economic concessions.

linker /ˈlɪŋkə/ /ˈlɪŋkɚ/ linkers n
éditeur de liens
(compilation) A computer program that takes one or more objects generated by compilers and assembles them into a single executable program.

links /lɪŋks/ links n
links
A golf course, especially one situated on dunes by the sea.

linnet /ˈlɪnɪt/ linnets n
linotte linotte mélodieuse
A small passerine bird, the common linnet (Linaria cannabina, syn. Carduelis cannabina), in the finch family Fringillidae, native to Europe, western Asia, and north Africa.

linolein n
linoléine

linoleum /lɪˈnoʊli.əm/ /lɪˈnəʊli.əm/ linoleums n
linoléum
An inexpensive waterproof covering used especially for floors, made from solidified linseed oil over a burlap or canvas backing, or from its modern replacement, polyvinyl chloride.

linseed /ˈlɪnsiːd/ linseeds n
graine de lin
The seed of the flax plant, which yields linseed oil.

linseed oil linseed oils n
huile de lin
An oil, extracted from flax seeds, used as a drying agent in paints, varnishes etc.

linstock linstocks n
boutefeu
(historical) A pointed forked staff, shod with iron at the foot, to hold a lighted match for firing cannon.

lint /lɪnt/ lints n
mouton peluche
Clinging fuzzy fluff that clings to fabric or accumulates in one's pockets or navel etc.
charpie
A fine material made by scraping cotton or linen cloth; used for dressing wounds.

lintel /ˈlɪn.təl/ lintels n
linteau
(architectural element) A horizontal structural beam spanning an opening, such as between the uprights of a door or a window, and which supports the wall above.

lion /ˈlaɪən/ lion lioness lions n
lion
(in particular) A male lion, as opposed to a lioness.
(by extension) Any of various extant and extinct big cats, especially the mountain lion.
A Chinese foo dog.
A famous person regarded with interest and curiosity.
A light brown color that resembles the fur of a lion.
(historical) An old Scottish coin, with a lion on the obverse, worth 74 shillings.
lion lionne
A big cat, Panthera leo, native to Africa, India and formerly much of Europe.
lion leon
An individual who shows strength and courage, attributes associated with the lion.

lion cub lion cubs n
lionceau lioncelle lionçonne
(male or female) A young lion

lion dance lion dances n
danse du lion
A traditional Chinese dance where performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume.

lion's den lions' dens n
fosse aux lions gueule du loup
(idiomatic) Any dangerous or frightening place.

lion's share /ˈlaɪ.əns ʃɛə/ /ˈlaɪ.ənz ʃɛ(ə)ɹ/ lion's shares lions' shares n
part du lion
(idiomatic) The majority; a large or generous portion.

lioness /ˈlaɪ.ə.nɛs/ /ˈlaɪ.ə.nɪs/ lion lionesses n
lionne
A female lion (animal).

lionfish lionfish lionfishes n
poisson-lion rascasse volante
Any of the venomous fish of the Scorpaenidae family, notable for their long and separated spines

lip /lɪp/ lips n
lèvre
(countable) Either of the two fleshy protrusions around the opening of the mouth.
(countable) A part of the body that resembles a lip, such as the edge of a wound or the labia.
(by extension, countable) The projecting rim of an open container or a bell, etc.; a short open spout.

lip balm lip balms n
baume pour les lèvres crème pour les lèvres
A substance topically applied to the lips of the mouth to relieve chapped or dry lips, angular cheilitis or stomatitis, and cold sores.

lip gloss lip glosses n
brillant à lèvres gloss
A cosmetic product applied to the lips to make them look shinier.

lip service n
baratin boniment
(idiomatic) Promising but empty talk; words without action or intention.

lip sync n
play-back playback surjeu
(music, singing) The synchronization of prerecorded audio signals and movement of the lips such that there is no lack of simultaneity between them.

lip-sync v
chanter en playback faire du playback
(music, singing) To move lips in synchronization with sounds (generally recorded) so it appears they are the source of the sounds.

lip-syncing n
playback
The act of lip-syncing

lipase lipases n
lipase
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes which catalyses the hydrolysis of lipids.

lipid /ˈlɪpɪd/ lipids n
lipide
(organic compound) Any of a group of organic compounds including the fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides. Lipids are characterized by being insoluble in water, and account for most of the fat present in the human body.

lipidic adj
lipidique
Of or pertaining to the lipids.

liplessness n
achilie achéilie achélie
Absence of lips.

lipogenesis lipogeneses n
lipogenèse
(biochemistry) The biochemical production of fat, especially the conversion of carbohydrate into fat so that it may be stored as a long-term source of energy when food is scarce

lipogram lipograms n
lipogramme
(literature) A word or writing that does not use a particular symbol or symbols.

lipoma lipomas lipomata n
lipome
(pathology) A nonmalignant tumor comprising fat cells.

lipophilicity lipophilicities n
lipophilie
(uncountable, chemistry) The condition of being lipophilic

lipoprotein lipoproteins n
lipoprotéine
Any of a large group of complexes of protein and lipid with many biochemical functions.

liposoluble more liposoluble most liposoluble adj
liposoluble
Soluble in lipids (or in organic solvents).

liposuction /ˈlai.poʊ.ˌsʌk.ʃn̩/ liposuctions n
liposuccion
(medicine) A cosmetic surgery procedure in which excess fat is removed from a specific area by suction.

lipothymia lipothymias n
lipothymie
(pathology, obsolete) A swoon due to transient cerebral hypoperfusion.

lipovitellin lipovitellins n
lipovitelline

lippy /ˈlɪpi/ /ˈlɪpɪ/ lippier lippiest adj
lippu
(informal) Having prominent lips.
répondeur
(informal) Having a tendency to talk back in a cheeky or impertinent manner.

lipread /ˈlɪpɹiːd/ /ˈlɪpɹɛd/ v
lire sur les lèvres
To determine what a person is saying by watching how their lips move.

lipreading n
lecture labiale
The act of reading lips.

lipstick /ˈlɪpˌstɪk/ lipsticks n
rouge à lèvres
(uncountable) Makeup for the lips.
(countable) A stick of this makeup.

liquefaction liquefactions n
liquéfaction
Process of being, or state of having been, made liquid (from either a solid or a gas)

liquefied natural gas n
gaz naturel liquéfié
(petrochemistry) Natural gas that has been cooled and compressed to liquid form for transport and storage.

liquefied petroleum gas liquefied petroleum gases n
gaz de pétrole liquéfié
(petrochemistry) A mixture of propane and butane with traces of some other gases, which is kept in a liquid state at high pressure in metal bottles, and used as a source of gas for cooking, heating and as a fuel in internal combustion engines in vehicles.

liquefy /ˈlɪ.kwɪ.faɪ/ v
liquéfier
(transitive) To make into a liquid.

liqueur /lɪˈk(j)ɔɹ/ /lɪˈk(j)ɝ/ /lɪˈkjuɹ/ /lɪˈkjɔː/ /lɪˈkjʊə/ liqueurs n
liqueur ratafia
A flavoured alcoholic beverage that is usually very sweet and contains a high percentage of alcohol.

liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ more liquid most liquid adj
liquide
Flowing freely like water; fluid; not solid and not gaseous; composed of particles that move freely among each other on the slightest pressure.
(finance, of an asset) Easily sold or disposed of without losing value.
(finance, of a market) Having sufficient trading activity to make buying or selling easy.

liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ liquids n
liquide
A substance that is flowing, and keeping no shape, such as water; a substance of which the molecules, while not tending to separate from one another like those of a gas, readily change their relative position, and which therefore retains no definite shape, except that determined by the containing receptacle; an inelastic fluid.
(phonetics) Any of a class of consonant sounds that includes l and r.

liquid air n
air liquide
Air which is in a liquid state due to being pressurized or kept at a low temperature, or both, usually for storage and transport purposes.

liquid crystal liquid crystals n
cristal liquide
(chemistry, physics) A phase of matter similar to a liquid, in which the molecules are arranged regularly in one or two dimensions.

liquid crystal display liquid crystal displays n
afficheur à cristaux liquides écran à cristaux liquides
A display device that uses liquid crystals to control luminance of each pixel or pattern.

liquid nitrogen n
azote liquide
Nitrogen that has been cooled to the liquid state; used in cryogenics.

liquid scintillation n
scintillation liquide
(physics) The scintillation of a solvent molecule when a radioactive solute molecule undergoes beta decay and emits an electron

liquid smoke n
fumée liquide
A substance produced by either passing smoke from wood-burning through water, or capturing such smoke and later mixing it with water, used for food preservation and flavoring.

liquidate /ˈlɪkwədeɪt/ /ˈlɪkwɪdeɪt/ v
liquider
(transitive) To settle the affairs of (a company), by using its assets to pay its debts.
(transitive) To convert (assets) into cash; to redeem.
(transitive) to kill, destroy, eliminate (mostly for political or ideological reasons)

liquidation /ˌlɪkwəˈdeɪʃən/ liquidations n
liquidation
The selling of the assets of a business as part of the process of dissolving the business.

liquidator liquidators n
liquidateur liquideur
One who liquidates.

liquidizer liquidizers n
robot mixer
(Australia, India, UK) A machine to chop or puree food; a blender.

liquor /ˈlɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪk.ɚ/ liquors n
spiritueux
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) Strong alcoholic drink derived from fermentation and distillation; more broadly, any alcoholic drink.

liquor store liquor stores n
magasin de vins et spiritueux débit de boissons
(US, Canada) A shop that sells alcoholic beverages to be drunk off the premises.

lira /ˈlɪəɹə/ liras lirot liroth n
lire livre
The former currency of Israel, superseded by the sheqel.

lisp /lɪl͡sp/ /lɪsp/ /lɪθp/ lisps n
zézaiement sesseyement susseyement zozotement
The habit or an act of lisping.

lisp /lɪl͡sp/ /lɪsp/ /lɪθp/ v
zézayer zozoter susseyer
To pronounce the consonant ‘s’ imperfectly; to give ‘s’ and ‘z’ the sounds of ‘th’ (/θ/, /ð/). This is a speech impediment common among children.

lisping lispings n
blèsement
That which is spoken in a lisp.

lissencephaly /ˌlɪs.ɛnˈsɛf.əl.i/ n
lissencéphalie
(anatomy, neurology) The condition of having a smooth appearance on the surface of the brain.

list /lɪst/ lists n
lisière
A strip of fabric, especially from the edge of a piece of cloth.
gîte bande
(nautical) A careening or tilting to one side, usually not intentionally or under a vessel's own power. [from early 17th c.]
liste
A register or roll of paper consisting of a compilation or enumeration of a set of possible items; the compilation or enumeration itself. [from 1600]
(computing, programming) A codified representation of a list used to store data or in processing; especially, in the Lisp programming language, a data structure consisting of a sequence of zero or more items.
lice
(in the plural, historical) The barriers or palisades used to fence off a space for jousting or tilting tournaments.

list /lɪst/ v
lister énumérer
(transitive) To create or recite a list.
(transitive) To cover with list, or with strips of cloth; to put list on; to stripe as if with list.
gîter
(transitive, nautical) To cause (something) to tilt to one side. [from early 17th c.]

listel listels n
listel
(architectural element) A narrow fillet or border.

listen /ˈlɪs.ən/ [ˈlɪs.n̩] v
écouter guetter tendre l'oreille
To use one's sense of hearing in an intentional way; to make deliberate use of one's ears; to pay attention to or wait for a specific sound.
écouter
(intransitive) To accept advice or obey instruction; to agree or assent.

listen with half an ear v
n'écouter que d'une oreille

listenable more listenable most listenable adj
écoutable
Pleasant or easy to listen to.

listener /ˈlɪs(ə)nə/ /ˈlɪs(ə)nɚ/ listeners n
auditeur écouteur auditrice écouteuse
Someone who listens, especially to a speech or a broadcast.

listenership /ˈlɪsnəʃɪp/ /ˈlɪsnɚʃɪp/ /ˈlɪsənəʃɪp/ /ˈlɪsənɚʃɪp/ listenerships n
audience
The audience that listens to a certain form or genre of audio material (specifically (Internet, radio) , an audio broadcast such as a radio program or a podcast).

listening /ˈlɪs.nɪŋ/ /ˈlɪs.ə.nɪŋ/ listenings n
écoute
An act by which something or somebody is listened to.

listening comprehension n
compréhension orale compréhension à l'audition
The ability to understand spoken language.

listening post listening posts n
poste d'écoute
A facility established to monitor radio and microwave signals and analyse their content to secure information and intelligence for use by the security and diplomatic community and others.

listening watch listening watches n
écoute permanente
(military, aviation) Continuous monitoring for incoming communications.

listeria listeria n
listéria
Any rod-shaped, gram-positive bacterium, of the genus Listeria, especially those responsible for the bacterial infection listeriosis.

listeriosis listerioses n
listériose
(medicine) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the bacteria Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria ivanovii, often through contaminated food.

listless /ˈlɪstləs/ more listless most listless adj
apathique indolent
Lacking energy, enthusiasm, or liveliness.

lit /ˈlɪt/ more lit most lit adj
allumé
Illuminated.

litany /ˈlɪtəni/ litanies n
litanie
A ritual liturgical prayer in which a series of prayers recited by a leader are alternated with responses from the congregation.
(figurative) A prolonged or tedious list.

lite /laɪt/ adj
allégé light
Light in composition, notably low in fat, calories etc. Most commonly used commercially.
léger
Lightweight

literacy /ˈlɪtəɹəsi/ /ˈlɪtɹəsi/ [-ɾ(ə)ɹə-] literacies n
alphabétisme littératie littérisme
The ability to read and write.
compréhension
(by extension) The ability to understand and evaluate something.

literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈlɪɾəɹəl/ more literal most literal adj
littéral
Exactly as stated; read or understood without additional interpretation; according to the letter or verbal expression; real; not figurative or metaphorical, and etymonic rather than idiomatic.
Following the letter or exact words; not free; not taking liberties
épistolaire
(uncommon) Consisting of, or expressed by, letters (of an alphabet)

literal /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹəl/ /ˈlɪɾəɹəl/ literals n
littéral littéraux
(programming) A value, as opposed to an identifier, written into the source code of a computer program.

literalism literalisms n
littéralisme
Literal interpretation or understanding; adherence to the exact letter or precise significance, as in interpreting or translating.

literally /ˈlɪtəɹəli/ /ˈlɪtɹəli/ more literally most literally adv
littéralement mot à mot texto textuellement
Word for word; not figuratively; not as an idiom or metaphor.

literary /ˈlɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈlɪtəɹəɹi/ /ˈlɪtəɹɛ(ə)ɹi/ [ˈɫɪɾəɹɛ(ə)ɹi] more literary most literary adj
littéraire
Relating to literature.
Relating to writers, or the profession of literature.

literary criticism n
critique littéraire
(literature) The study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of literature.

literary language n
langue littéraire
(literature) A register of a language that is used in literary writing.

literate /ˈlɪtəɹət/ more literate most literate adj
lettré alphabète
Able to read and write; having literacy.
lettré
Knowledgeable in literature, writing; literary; well-read.

literati /ˌlɪt.əˈɹɑː.tiː/ /ˌlɪtəˈɹɑti/ n
littérateur littératrice
Well-educated, literary people; intellectuals who are interested in literature.

literator literators n
littérateur

literature /ˈlɪt.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ə.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪt.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ [ˈlɪt͡ʃ.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ] [ˈlɪɾ.ɚ.ə.t͡ʃɚ] literatures n
littérature
The body of all written works.
The collected creative writing of a nation, people, group, or culture.
(usually preceded by the) All the papers, treatises, etc. published in academic journals on a particular subject.

literature review literature reviews n
article de revue
A scholarly paper, or part of one, compiled from published sources, which sums up current knowledge of a particular topic.

litharge /ˈlɪθɑɹd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɪθɑːd͡ʒ/ litharges n
litharge
lead monoxide (PbO) a toxic solid formed from oxidation of lead in air, and used as a pigment.

lithe /laɪð/ /laɪθ/ lither lithest adj
svelte élancé
Slim but not skinny.
souple
Capable of being easily bent; flexible.

lithiasis /lɪˈθaɪ.əsɪs/ lithiases n
lithiase
(medicine) The process of forming stone-like deposits or calculi formed in an internal organ, such as a gallstone in the gall bladder.

lithic /ˈlɪθɪk/ adj
lithique
Relating to stone

lithification lithifications n
lithification
(geology) The compaction and cementation of sediment into rock.

lithium /ˈlɪθi.əm/ lithiums n
lithium
(uncountable) The simplest alkali metal, the lightest solid element, and the third lightest chemical element (symbol Li) with an atomic number of 3. It is a soft, silvery metal.

lithium aluminium hydride n
tétrahydruroaluminate de lithium
(inorganic compound) LiAlH4, a powerful reducing agent with many applications in organic chemistry; contains the aluminohydride anion AlH4-.

lithium battery lithium batteries n
accumulateur lithium
Any of a group of electrical batteries that have a lithium anode; used in many portable electronic devices.

lithocarp lithocarps n
lithocarpe

lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/ /ˈlɪθəɡɹɑːf/ lithographs n
lithographie
A printed image produced by lithography.

lithograph /ˈlɪθəɡɹæf/ /ˈlɪθəɡɹɑːf/ v
lithographier
To create a copy of an image through lithography.

lithographer lithographers n
lithographe
A person who makes lithographs, who does lithography.

lithography /lɪθˈɒɡɹəfi/ lithographies n
lithographie
The process of printing an image by drawing the image with a water-repellent material onto a hard, flat surface (typically metal), then copying the surface by applying water and ink (or the equivalent) to it and pressing another material against it. [from 1813]

lithology lithologies n
lithologie
(uncountable) The study of rocks, with particular emphasis on their description and classification.

lithophane lithophanes n
lithophanie

lithophone lithophones n
lithophone
Any musical instrument in which sound is produced by percussion of a stone.

lithosphere lithospheres n
lithosphère
(geology) The rigid, mechanically strong, outer layer of the Earth; divided into twelve major plates.

lithotripsy /ˈlɪθ.əˌtɹɪp.si/ lithotripsies n
lithotripsie lithotritie
(surgery) A treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves or crushing with a surgical instrument, by which a kidney stone or similar calculus is broken into particles small enough to be voided or washed out.

litigation /ˌlɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/ litigations n
litige
(legal) The conduct of a lawsuit.

litmus /ˈlɪtməs/ litmuses n
tournesol
(uncountable) A dyestuff extracted from certain lichens, that changes color when exposed to pH levels greater than or less than certain critical levels.

litmus paper litmus papers n
papier de tournesol

litotes /laɪˈtəʊ.tiːz/ litotes n
litote
(rhetoric) A figure of speech whereby something is stated by denying its opposite, particularly the negation of a negative quality to say something positive.

litra litras n
litra
(historical) A silver coin in ancient Sicily, worth one fifth of a drachm.

litre /ˈli.tɚ/ /ˈliː.tə/ [ˈli.ɾɚ] litres n
litre
The metric unit of fluid measure, equal to one cubic decimetre. Symbols: l, L, ℓ

litreage litreages n
litrage
An amount measured in litres.

litter /ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈlɪɾɚ] litters n
litière
(countable) A platform mounted on two shafts, or a more elaborate construction, designed to be carried by two (or more) people to transport one (in luxury models sometimes more) third person(s) or (occasionally in the elaborate version) a cargo, such as a religious idol.
(uncountable) Material used as bedding for animals.
(uncountable) Absorbent material used in an animal's litter tray
(uncountable) Layer of fallen leaves and similar organic matter in a forest floor.
portée
(collective, countable) The offspring of a mammal born in one birth.
détritus
(uncountable) Collectively, items discarded on the ground.

litter /ˈlɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɪtɚ/ [ˈlɪɾɚ] v
jeter des ordures
(intransitive) To drop or throw trash without properly disposing of it (as discarding in public areas rather than trash receptacles).

litter box litter boxes n
bac à chat litière
A box used to provide a soiling area for (usually) pet cats, generally filled with kitty litter, sand, clay chips, etc.

litterateur /ˌlɪtəɹəˈtɜː/ /ˌlɪtəɹəˈtʊɚ/ litterateurs litterateuse litteratrice n
littérateur
A person engaged in various literary works: literary critic, essayist, writer.

litterateuse /ˌlɪtəɹəˈtuːz/ /ˌlɪtəɹəˈtɜːz/ litterateur litterateuses n
littératrice
a female literary writer; an authoress of literature.

litteratrice litterateur litteratrices n
littératrice
female litterateur

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser littler littlest adj
petit
Small in size.
pas beaucoup de peu
Insignificant, trivial.
cadet
(of a sibling) Younger.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less lesser adv
peu
Not much.

little /ˈlɘtl̩/ /ˈlɪt(ə)l/ /ˈlɪtl̩/ [ˈlɪtʰɫ̩] [ˈlɪɾɫ̩] [ˈɫɪɾɫ̩] least less determiner
peu peu de
Not much, only a little: only a small amount (of).

little auk little auks n
mergule nain
A dovekie, a bird of the species Alle alle.

little bittern little bitterns n
blongios nain
A bittern of the species Ixobrychus minutus.

little black dress little black dresses n
petite robe noire
A simply cut and often quite short evening or cocktail dress.

little boy little boys n
garçonnet gamin petit
A male child, especially one younger than ten years of age.
(AU, NZ) A small saveloy often consumed with tomato sauce at parties, also known as a cocktail sausage or a cheerio.

little egret little egrets n
aigrette garzette
A species of egret, Egretta garzetta, family Ardeidae, widely distributed throughout the Old World, the Caribbean, and Eastern North America.

little finger little fingers n
auriculaire petit doigt
The outermost and smallest finger of the hand, next to the ring finger, farthest from the thumb.

little girl little girls n
fillette gamine jeune fille petite petite fille
A female child, especially one younger than ten years of age.

little grebe little grebes n
grèbe castagneux petit grèbe
A small freshwater bird of Europe (Tachybaptus ruficollis).

little green man /ˌlɘtɘl ˈɡɹin ˌmɛn/ /ˌlɪtəl ˈɡɹin ˌman/ /ˌlɪtəl ˈɡɹin ˌmæn/ [ˌlɘ.ɾɯ ˈɡɹɘ̯ĩm ˌmɛ̞̃n̆] [ˌlɪ.t͡ʔɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmãn̆] [ˌlɪ.ɾɫ̩ ˈɡɹɪ̃i̯m ˌmɛ̃ə̯n̆] [ˌlɪ.ʔo-] little green men n
petit homme vert
(chiefly, science fiction) A conventional fictional alien from outer space in the form of a small humanoid with green skin.

little gull little gulls n
mouette pygmée
A small migratory gull, Larus minutus, from Northern Europe and Asia.

little one little ones n
tout-petit toute-petite
A young child.
petit petite
A term of endearment, especially toward a child.

little owl /ˈlɪtəl ˌaʊl/ little owls n
chevêche chouette chevêche
A species of small European owl, Athene noctua.

little penguin little penguins n
manchot pygmée
The smallest species of penguin, Eudyptula minor, found in New Zealand, southern Australia, and the Chatham Islands.

little person little people little persons n
personne de petite taille petite personne
(euphemistic) A person with dwarfism, or short stature resulting from a medical condition.

little stint little stints n
bécasseau minute
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris minuta)

little tern little terns n
sterne naine
The seabird Sternula albifrons.

little toe little toes n
petit orteil petit doigt petit doigt de pied
The smallest toe of the human foot.

little v n
petit v
(linguistics) A functional category that introduces the external argument of a predicate as its specifier.

littoralization n
littoralisation

liturgical /lɪˈtɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
liturgique
Pertaining to liturgy.

liturgy /ˈlɪtəd͡ʒi/ /ˈlɪtɚd͡ʒi/ liturgies n
liturgie
A predetermined or prescribed set of rituals that are performed, usually by a religion.

live /laɪv/ more live most live adj
vivant
(only used attributively) Having life; that is alive.
(engineering) Imparting power; having motion.
en direct en live
(broadcasting) Being broadcast ("on the air"), as it happens.
chargé chargée
(circuitry) Electrically charged or energized, usually indicating that the item may cause electrocution if touched.

live /laɪv/ more live most live adv
en direct
Of an event, as it happens; in real time; direct.

live /lɪv/ v
vivre
(intransitive) To be alive; to have life.
(transitive) To spend, as one's life; to pass; to maintain; to continue in, constantly or habitually.
habiter demeurer vivre
(intransitive) To have permanent residence somewhere, to inhabit, to reside.

live action /laɪv ˈækʃən/ n
prise de vues réelles
(often used attributively) Filmed video, as opposed to video produced by animation or by computer graphics.

live album live albums n
album live
(music) An album consisting of tracks recorded live during one or more concerts.

live and let live v
vivre et laisser vivre
(idiomatic) To be tolerant; to enjoy the pleasures and opportunities which life offers and to allow others to do the same.

live beyond one's means v
vivre au-dessus de ses moyens griveler

live by the sword, die by the sword proverb
qui vit par l'épée périra par l'épée
One who uses violence can expect a violent response; it is better to try to use peaceful means wherever possible.

live on v
vivre de
(idiomatic, transitive) To survive solely by consuming a certain thing.

live one's best life v
vivre sa meilleure vie

live stream /ˈlaɪv ˈstɹiːm/ live streams n
diffusion en direct live
A real-time broadcast of audio or video over the Internet.

live to regret v
s'en mordre les doigts

live under a rock v
vivre dans une grotte
(figurative) To be isolated from knowledge of current events.

live up v
être à la hauteur
(intransitive, followed by to) To fulfil the expectations placed upon one.

live wire /ˈlaɪv ˈwaɪə(ɹ)/ live wires n
pile électrique
(figurative) An especially energetic, alert, or vivacious person.

livelihood /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ /ˈlaɪvlɪhʊd/ livelihoods n
gagne-pain subsistance
A means of providing the necessities of life for oneself (for example, a job or income). [from 14th c.]

liveliness /ˈlaɪvlinəs/ livelinesses n
vitalité
The quality of being lively; animation; energy.

lively /ˈlaɪv.li/ livelier liveliest adj
animé
Full of life; energetic.

liver /ˈlɪvə/ /ˈlɪvɚ/ livers n
foie
(anatomy) A large organ in the body that stores and metabolizes nutrients, destroys toxins and produces bile. It is responsible for thousands of biochemical reactions.
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used as food.
A dark brown colour, tinted with red and gray, like the colour of liver.

livermorium /ˌlɪvəɹˈmɔːɹiəm/ n
livermorium
The chemical element with atomic number 116 (symbol Lv).

liverwort /ˈlɪv.ə.wɜːt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɔːɹt/ /ˈlɪv.ɚ.wɝːt/ liverworts n
hépatique
A type of bryophyte with a leafy stem or leafless thallus characterized by a dominant gametophyte stage and a lack of stomata on the sporophyte stage of the life cycle.

liverwurst /ˈlɪvəwɜːst/ /ˈlɪvɚwɝst/ liverwursts n
saucisson de pâté de foie
Spreadable sausage made with liver.

livery /ˈlɪ.və.ɹi/ /ˈlɪv.ɹi/ liveries n
livrée
Any distinctive identifying uniform worn by a group, such as the uniform worn by chauffeurs and male servants.
The paint scheme of a vehicle or fleet of vehicles.

livestock /ˈlaɪvstɑk/ /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ livestocks n
bétail cheptel vif
Farm animals; animals domesticated for cultivation.

livestream v
livestream
(transitive) To broadcast as a live stream.

livid /ˈlɪvɪd/ livider lividest more livid most livid adj
livide
Having a dark, bluish appearance.
furieux
(informal) So angry that one turns pale; very angry; furious.

living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ adj
vivant
Having life; alive.

living /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ livings n
mode de vie vie
A style of life.

living conditions n
conditions de vie
The conditions in which someone lives, seen in terms of their sanitary value, social, status etc.

living dead n
morts-vivants zombis
(fiction, usually with the) The undead; zombies, vampires, etc.

living fossil /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɑsl̩/ /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈfɒsl̩/ living fossils n
fossile vivant
(evolutionary theory) Any species discovered first as a fossil and believed extinct, but which is later found living; an organism that has remained unchanged over geological periods. [from 1859]

living language living languages n
langue vivante
A language which is still spoken in the contemporary period, as opposed to a dead language.

living proof n
preuve vivante
(idiomatic) A real-life person or thing which demonstrates the validity of a hypothesis.

living room /ˈlɪvɪŋ ɹuːm/ living rooms n
salon salle de séjour séjour
(countable) A room in a private house used for general social and leisure activities.

living thing living things n
être vivant
An entity such as an animal, a plant, a fungus or a microorganism; something that lives, as opposed to being non-living or dead.

living will living wills n
testament de vie
(legal) A document, made by a person when still legally fit to do so, which provides clear instructions or principles to be employed by a surrogate decision-maker, such as expressing a desire to be allowed to die instead of being kept alive by artificial means, in the event of being severely disabled or suffering from a terminal illness.

livor mortis n
lividités cadavériques
(medicine) A settling of the blood in the lower portion of the body, causing a purplish red discoloration of the skin, typically occurring after death.

lizard /ˈlɪz.əd/ /ˈlɪz.ɚd/ lizards n
lézard
(chiefly, in attributive use) Lizard skin, the skin of these reptiles.

lizardfish lizardfish lizardfishes n
poisson-lézard
Any member of the family Synodontidae of aulopiform fish.

llama /ˈjɑmə/ /ˈlɑmə/ /ˈlɑː.mə/ llamas n
lama
A South American mammal of the camel family, Lama glama, used as a domestic beast of burden and a source of wool and meat.

lo /loʊ/ /ləʊ/ interjection
voici voilà
(archaic) look, see, behold (in an imperative sense).

lo and behold interjection
et voilà! tiens, tiens!
Used to express surprise.

loach /ˈləʊt͡ʃ/ loaches n
loche
A similar fish in one of three other families of Cypriniformes: Botiidae, Balitoridae, and Gyrinocheilidae.

load /loʊd/ /ləʊd/ loads n
cargaison fardeau
A burden; a weight to be carried.
charge
A certain number of articles or quantity of material that can be transported or processed at one time.
The volume of work required to be performed.
paquet tas
(often, in the plural, colloquial) A large number or amount.
puissance puissance électrique
(electrical engineering) The electrical current or power delivered by a device.

load /loʊd/ /ləʊd/ v
charger
(transitive) To put a load on or in (a means of conveyance or a place of storage).
(transitive) To fill (a firearm or artillery) with munition.
(transitive, computing) To read (data or a program) from a storage medium into computer memory.
(intransitive, computing) To transfer from a storage medium into computer memory.

loaded /ˈloʊdɪd/ /ˈləʊdɪd/ more loaded most loaded adj
chargé
Burdened by some heavy load; packed.
chargé plein de thunes pété de thunes
(of a projectile weapon) Having a live round of ammunition in the chamber.
plein de thunes pété de thunes
(colloquial) Possessing great wealth.
beurré bourré plein de thunes pété pété de thunes
(slang) Drunk.
pipé
(dice, also, figurative) Of a die or dice: weighted asymmetrically, and so biased to produce predictable throws.
(of a question) Designed to produce a predictable answer, or to lay a trap.
chargé de sens lourd de sens
(of a word or phrase) Having strong connotations that colour the literal meaning and are likely to provoke an emotional response. Sometimes used loosely to describe a word that simply has many different meanings.

loader /ˈloʊdɚ/ loaders n
chargeur
Agent noun of load; a person or device that loads.
(computing) A program that prepares other programs for execution.
chargeur sur pneus chargeuse sur pneus
A tractor with a scoop, for example: front-end loader, front loader, endloader, payloader, bucket loader, wheel loader, etc.

loading /ˈloʊ.dɪŋ/ /ˈləʉ.dɪŋ/ /ˈləʊ.dɪŋ/ loadings n
charge chargement
(countable, uncountable) The process by which something is loaded.

loading gauge loading gauges n
gabarit
(rail, UK) The maximum permitted height and width for a rail vehicle, governed by clearances in tunnels, under bridges and past lineside structures.
(rail) A physical structure, often a metal frame above a railroad track, to check the maximum height and width of a vehicle.

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ loaves n
miche pain baguette
(also loaf of bread) A block of bread after baking.
savonnette
A solid block of soap, from which standard bar soap is cut.

loaf /loʊf/ /ləʊf/ v
paresser
(intransitive) To do nothing, to be idle.

loafer /ˈloʊfɚ/ /ˈləʊfə/ loafers n
fainéant paresseux mocassin oisif
An idle person.
mocassin
A shoe with no laces, resembling a moccasin.

loam /loʊm/ /lum/ /ləʊm/ /lʊm/ loams n
terre grasse glaise
(geology) A type of soil; an earthy mixture of sand, silt and clay, with organic matter to which its fertility is chiefly due.

loamy loamier loamiest adj
glaise

loan /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ loans n
prêt emprunt crédit
(law, banking, finance) A sum of money or other property that a natural or legal person borrows from another with the condition that it be returned or repaid over time or at a later date (sometimes with interest).
contrat de prêt
The contract and array of legal or ethical obligations surrounding a loan.

loan /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ v
prêter
(usually, _, ditransitive, US, dated, _, and) To lend (something) to (someone).

loan shark loan sharks n
usurier usurière
Someone who lends money at exorbitant rates of interest.

loanword /ˈloʊnˌwɝd/ /ˈləʊnˌwɜː(ɹ)d/ loanwords n
emprunt
A word directly taken into one language from another one with little or no adaptation.

loath /loʊθ/ /ləʊθ/ loather loathest adj
hésitant réticent
Averse, disinclined; reluctant, unwilling.

loathe /ˈloʊð/ /ˈləʊð/ v
détester exécrer haïr
(transitive) To detest, hate, or revile (someone or something).

loathing /ˈloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈləʊðɪŋ/ loathings n
dégoût
Sense of revulsion, distaste, detestation, extreme hatred or dislike.

loathsome /ˈləʊð.səm/ /ˈləʊθ.səm/ more loathsome most loathsome adj
odieux dégoûtant
Highly offensive; abominable, sickening.

lob /lɒb/ lobs n
lob
(ball, sports) A pass or stroke which arches high into the air.

lob /lɒb/ v
faire un lob lancer en chandelle lancer haut lobber
(transitive) To throw or hit a ball into the air in a high arch.

lobby /lɑbi/ /lɒbi/ lobbies n
vestibule hall foyer
An entryway or reception area; vestibule; passageway; corridor.
lobby
(politics) A class or group of interested people who try to influence public officials; collectively, lobbyists.

lobby /lɑbi/ /lɒbi/ v
faire pression sur
(intransitive, transitive) To attempt to influence (a public official or decision-maker) in favor of a specific opinion or cause.

lobbying lobbyings n
lobbying
The act of one who lobbies.

lobbyist /ˈlɑ.bi.ɪst/ /ˈlɒ.bi.ɪst/ lobbyists n
lobbyiste
A person who is paid to lobby politicians and encourage them to vote a certain way or otherwise use their office to effect a desired result.

lobe /ləʊb/ lobes n
lobe
Any projection or division, especially one of a somewhat rounded form. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(anatomy) A clear division of an organ that can be determined at the gross anatomy level, especially one of the parts of the brain, liver or lung. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

lobelia /loʊˈbiːliə/ lobelias n
lobélie
A member of the genus Lobelia, flowering plants in the Lobelioideae subfamily of family Campanulaceae, containing many species, some of which are garden plants.

lobotomization n
lobotomisation

lobotomize v
lobotomiser
(transitive) To perform a lobotomy upon.

lobotomy /ləˈbɑː.ɾə.mi/ /ləˈbɒt.ə.mi/ lobotomies n
lobotomie
A surgical operation on the frontal lobe of the brain intent on treating certain mental illnesses.

lobster /ˈlɑb.stɚ/ /ˈlɒb.stə/ lobsters n
homard langouste
A crustacean of the Nephropidae family, dark green or blue-black in colour turning bright red when cooked, with a hard shell and claws, which is used as a seafood.
A crustacean of the Palinuridae family, pinkish red in colour, with a hard, spiny shell but no claws, which is used as a seafood.

lobster pot lobster pots n
casier à homard nasse
A trap used to catch lobsters, resembling a crate with a small opening that a lobster can enter but has trouble exiting.

lobular more lobular most lobular adj
lobulaire
Of or relating to a lobule.

local /ˈloʊkl̩/ /ˈləʊkl̩/ more local most local adj
local
(computing, of a resource) Connected directly to a particular computer, processor, etc.; able to be accessed offline.
(computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
(group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.
(algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property P of a ring R (or an R-module M)) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) P holds for R (M); (2) P holds for the localization R_\mathfrak{p} (M_\mathfrak{p}) for all prime ideals \mathfrak{p} of R; (3) P holds for the localization R_\mathfrak{m} (M_\mathfrak{m}) for all maximal ideals \mathfrak{m} of R.
(medicine) Of or pertaining to a restricted part of an organism.

local /ˈloʊkl̩/ /ˈləʊkl̩/ locals n
section
A branch of a nationwide organization such as a trade union.

local area network /ˈləʊklˌɛːɹɪəˌnɛtwəːk/ local area networks n
LAN RLE réseau local
(computing) A network on which all devices communicate using OSI model device layer addressing.

local class local classes n
classe locale
(object-oriented) A class that is declared in the body of a function, and can only be referred to in the rest of the function.

local color n
couleur locale
Aspects of a location that distinguish it from neighboring communities; the collective customs, mannerisms, fashions, artwork, accents or traditions of an area.

local train local trains n
omnibus
(rail) A train (either the service or the train itself) making stops at all stations along its route.

locale /loʊˈkæl/ /ləʊˈkɑːl/ locales n
endroit lieu
The place where something happens.
localisation paramètres régionaux
(computing) The set of settings related to the language and region in which a computer program executes. Examples are language, currency and time formats, character encoding etc.

locality /loʊˈkæl.ɪ.ti/ /ləʊˈkæl.ɪ.ti/ localities n
région
The features or surroundings of a particular place.
quartier voisinage
An area or district considered as the site of certain activities; a neighbourhood.
localité
(geography) A built-up area, i.e. a city, town or village

localization /ˌləʊkəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ localizations n
localisation
(software engineering) The act, process, or result of making a product suitable for use in a particular country or region.
The state of being localized.
(algebra) A ring of fractions of a given ring, such that the complement of the set of allowed denominators is an ideal.

locally /ˈləʊkəli/ more locally most locally adv
localement
With respect to place; in place.

locate /loʊˈkeɪt/ /ləʊˈkeɪt/ /ləˈkeɪt/ /ˈloʊkeɪt/ v
placer situer
localiser
(transitive) To designate the site or place of; to define the limits of (Note: the designation may be purely descriptive: it need not be prescriptive.)
se poser
(intransitive, colloquial) To place oneself; to take up one's residence; to settle.

location /loʊˈkeɪʃən/ /ləʊˈkeɪʃən/ locations n
lieu emplacement localisation position situation
A particular point or place in physical space.

locative case locative cases n
locatif
(linguistics, grammar) A case used to indicate place, or the place where, or wherein; corresponding roughly to the English prepositions "in", "on", "at", and "by".

locavore locavores n
locavore

lochia /ˈloʊ.ki.ə/ /ˈlɒ.kɪ.ə/ n
lochies
Normal post-partum vaginal discharge; blood, mucus, and placental tissue that are discharged from a female's vagina (similar to menstruation) for several weeks after she has given birth.

lochial adj
lochial
Of or pertaining to the lochia.

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ locks n
serrure verrou cadenas
Something used for fastening, which can only be opened with a key or combination.
mèche
A tuft or length of hair, wool, etc.
écluse sas
A segment of a canal or other waterway enclosed by gates, used for raising and lowering boats between levels.
serrure écluse sas verrou cadenas
A fastening together or interlacing; a closing of one thing upon another; a state of being fixed or immovable.

lock /lɑk/ /lɒk/ v
se bloquer se verrouiller
(intransitive) To become fastened in place.
verrouiller barrer
(transitive) To fasten with a lock.

lock down v
confiner
(transitive) To secure (something); to blockade and lock (a building or campus) so as to prevent ingress or egress; to make (people) stay locked indoors for their safety.

lock up v
enfermer
(transitive) To imprison or incarcerate (someone).
verrouiller
(intransitive) To close all doors and windows (of a place) securely.
se bloquer
(transitive, computing) To cause (a program) to cease responding or to freeze.

lockable adj
verrouillable
Capable of being locked.

lockdown /ˈlɑkˌdaʊn/ /ˈlɒkˌdaʊn/ lockdowns n
confinement enfermement verrouillage
The confinement of people in their own rooms (e.g., in a school) or cells (in a prison), or to their own homes or areas (e.g., in the case of a city- or nation-wide issue) as a security measure after or amid a disturbance or as a non-pharmaceutical intervention in a pandemic.

locked /lɑkt/ /lɒkt/ adj
fermé à clef fermé à clé verrouillé
Having undergone locking; secured by a lock.
(computing) Protected by a mutex or other token restricting access to a resource.

locked-in syndrome n
syndrome d'enfermement

locker /ˈlɑ.kɚ/ /ˈlɒk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔk.ə(ɹ)/ lockers n
casier consigne automatique
A type of storage compartment with a lock, usually used to store personal possessions for public use, such as in schools, railway stations, place of work, gyms, sports centers.
A storage compartment on a ship, not necessarily one that can be locked.

locker room humor n
humour de caserne plaisanteries de corps de garde

locket /ˈlɑkɪt/ /ˈlɒkɪt/ lockets n
médaillon
A pendant that opens to reveal a space used for storing a photograph or other small item.
(archaic) The upper metallic cap of a sword’s scabbard.

lockjaw lockjaws n
trisme trismus
(pathology) A spasmodic, nervous system disease brought on by the tetanus bacteria. It causes muscles to seize up and may cause death by suffocation.

lockkeeper lockkeepers n
éclusier éclusière
The person assigned to look after a canal or river lock, operating it and organizing its maintenance.

lockout lockouts n
grève patronale lock-out lockout
(labor) The opposite of a strike; a labor disruption where management refuses to allow workers into a plant to work even if they are willing.

locksmith /ˈlɑksmɪθ/ /ˈlɒksmɪθ/ locksmiths n
serrurier
one who practices locksmithing

locksmithing /ˈlɒkˌsmɪθɪŋ/ n
serrurerie
The science and art of making and defeating locks.

locomotion /ləʊ.kəˈməʊ.ʃən/ locomotions n
locomotion
(uncountable) The ability to move from place to place, or the act of doing so.

locomotive /ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtiv/ /ˌləʊkəʊˈməʊtiv/ locomotives n
locomotive
(rail transport) The power unit of a train that pulls the coaches or wagons.

loculus loculi n
loge
(botany) One of the compartments of a several-celled ovary; loculament.

locus /ˈloʊkəs/ /ˈləʊkəs/ loci locuses n
endroit lieu local
A place or locality, especially a centre of activity or the scene of a crime.
lieu
(mathematics) The set of all points whose coordinates satisfy a given equation or condition.
locus
(genetics) A fixed position on a chromosome that may be occupied by one or more genes.

locust /ˈloʊ.kəst/ /ˈləʊ.kəst/ locusts n
locuste criquet
Any of various often leguminous trees and shrubs, especially of the genera Robinia and Gleditsia; the locust tree. [from 17th c.]

locutive adj
locutif

lode /loʊd/ /ləʉd/ /ləʊd/ lodes n
filon
(mining) A vein of metallic ore that lies within definite boundaries, or within a fissure.

lodestar /ˈloʊd.stɑɹ/ /ˈləʉd.staː(ɹ)/ /ˈləʊd.stɑː(ɹ)/ lodestars n
étoile polaire
A star used as a navigation reference, particularly a pole star such as Polaris.

lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/ /lɒd͡ʒ/ lodges n
cabane
A building for recreational use such as a hunting lodge or a summer cabin.
maison du portier
Short for porter's lodge: a building or room near the entrance of an estate or building, especially (UK, Canada) as a college mailroom.
loge
A local chapter of some fraternities, such as freemasons.

lodge /lɑd͡ʒ/ /lɒd͡ʒ/ v
demeurer loger
(intransitive) To stay in any place or shelter.
verser
(transitive) To cause to flatten, as grass or grain.

lodgepole pine lodgepole pines n
pin tordu
A pine tree native to northwest America, Pinus contorta.

lodging /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪŋ/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪŋ/ lodgings n
hébergement logement
A place to live or lodge.
verse
(agriculture) The condition of a plant, especially a cereal, that has been flattened in the field or damaged so that it cannot stand upright, as by weather conditions or because the stem is not strong enough to support the plant.

loess /lɛs/ /lɜːs/ /lʌs/ /ˈloʊ.əs/ /ˈləʊɪs/ loesses n
lœss
(geology) Any sediment, dominated by silt, of eolian (wind-blown) origin

loft /lɑft/ /lɒft/ /lɔft/ lofts n
grenier
An attic or similar space (often used for storage) in the roof of a house or other building.

lofty /ˈlɑfti/ /ˈlɒfti/ /ˈlɔːfti/ loftier loftiest adj
haut
high, tall, having great height or stature

log /lɑɡ/ /lɒɡ/ /lɔɡ/ logs n
tronc grume
The trunk of a dead tree, cleared of branches.
bûche
Any bulky piece as cut from the above, used as timber, fuel etc.
(vulgar) A piece of feces.
loch
(nautical) A floating device, usually of wood, used in navigation to estimate the speed of a vessel through water.

log /lɑɡ/ /lɒɡ/ /lɔɡ/ v
ajouter inscrire
(transitive) To make, to add an entry (or more) in a log or logbook.
abattre couper
(transitive) To cut down (trees).

log cabin log cabins n
cabane en rondins cabane
A dwelling made from logs; especially, a small and simple one.

log in v
connecter identifier
(computing, transitive, intransitive) To gain access to a computer system, usually by providing a previously registered username and password.

log out v
déconnecter délogger désauthentifier
(computing) To exit a user account in a computer system, so that one is not recognized until signing in again.

loganberry loganberries n
mûroise
A hybrid berry, produced by crossing a raspberry with a blackberry, considered a species Rubus loganobaccus, a variety Rubus ursinus var. loganobaccus, or a nothospecies Rubus × loganobaccus.

logarithm /ˈlɑ.ɡə.ɹɪ.ð(ə)m/ /ˈlɑɡ.ə.ɹɪðm/ /ˈlɑɡ.əɹ.ɹɪðm/ /ˈlɑɡəɹ.ɹɪ.ðəm/ logarithms n
logarithme
(mathematics) For a number x, the power to which a given base number must be raised in order to obtain x. Written \log_b x. For example, \log_{10} 1000 = 3 because 10^3 = 1000 and \log_2 16 = 4 because 2^4 = 16.

logbook /ˈlɑɡ.bʊk/ /ˈlɔɡ.bʊk/ logbooks n
journal de bord livre de loch livre de bord
(nautical) A book in which measurements from the ship's log are recorded, along with other salient details of the voyage.

loge /ləʊʒ/ loges n
loge
An exclusive box or seating region in older theaters and opera houses, having wider, softer, and more widely spaced seats than in the gallery.

logger /ˈlɑɡɚ/ /ˈlɒɡə/ loggers n
bûcheron
A worker whose occupation is to harvest trees.
consignateur
That which logs, such as a computer program to keep track of events.

loggerhead /ˈlɑ-/ /ˈlɒɡəhɛd/ /ˈlɔɡɚˌhɛd/ loggerheads n
tyran à queue rousse
The rufous-tailed flycatcher (Myiarchus validus), a bird endemic to Jamaica.

loggerhead duck loggerhead ducks n
brassemer des Malouines
Tachyeres brachypterus, a shellfish-eating duck of the Falkland Islands; a poor diver, incapable of true flight.

loggerhead shrike loggerhead shrikes n
pie-grièche migratrice
A species of shrike native to North America, Lanius ludovicianus.

logging loggings n
exploitation forestière
An act or instance of logging (cutting down trees).
journalisation
An act or instance of logging (making an entry in a log).

logic /ˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪk/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪk/ /ˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪk/ logics n
logique
(uncountable) A method of human thought that involves thinking in a linear, step-by-step manner about how a problem can be solved. Logic is the basis of many principles including the scientific method.
(uncountable, mathematics) The mathematical study of relationships between rigorously defined concepts and of mathematical proof of statements.
(countable, mathematics) A formal or informal language together with a deductive system or a model-theoretic semantics.
(uncountable) Any system of thought, whether rigorous and productive or not, especially one associated with a particular person.
(uncountable) The part of a system (usually electronic) that performs the boolean logic operations, short for logic gates or logic circuit.
(countable, sociology) A system of thought or collection of rhetoric, especially one associated with a social practice.

logic analyzer logic analyzers n
analyseur logique
A device used to test and diagnose digital electronic systems.

logic gate logic gates n
porte logique
A physical device, typically electronic, which computes a Boolean logical output (0 or 1) from Boolean input or inputs according to the rules of some logical operator.

logical /ˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more logical most logical adj
logique
(not comparable) In agreement with the principles of logic.
Reasonable.
(not comparable) Of or pertaining to logic.

logically more logically most logically adv
logiquement
In a logical manner, with logic.

logician /ləˈd͡ʒɪʃən/ logicians n
logicien logicienne
A person who studies or teaches logic.

login /ˈlɒɡ.ɪn/ logins n
ID compte identifiant nom d'utilisateur
(computing) Credentials: the combination of a user's identification and password used to enter a computer, program, network, etc.

logion /-ɒn/ /ˈloʊ.d͡ʒi.ən/ /ˈlɒ-/ /ˈləʊ.ɡɪ.ən/ logia n
logion
(specifically, Christianity) A saying that is attributed to Jesus in ancient or reconstructed texts that was (originally) handed down without narrative context.

logistic /loʊˈd͡ʒɪs.tɪk/ /lɒd͡ʒˈɪs.tɪk/ /ləˈd͡ʒɪs.tɪk/ adj
logistique
(mathematics) Relating to symbolic logic.
(statistics) Relating to the logistic function.
(operations) Relating to logistics.

logistic /loʊˈd͡ʒɪs.tɪk/ /lɒd͡ʒˈɪs.tɪk/ /ləˈd͡ʒɪs.tɪk/ logistics n
logistique
(countable, mathematics) A logistic function or graph of a logistic curve.

logistic curve logistic curves n
courbe logistique
(mathematics, biology) An S-shaped curve that models the growth of many ecosystems.

logistic function logistic functions n
fonction logistique
(mathematics) A function, the result of the division of two exponential functions, that gives rise to the logistic curve.

logistical adj
logistique
Relating to logistics.

logistician logisticians n
logisticien logisticienne
A person involved with logistics.

logistics /ləˈd͡ʒɪstɪks/ n
logistique
(operations) The process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services and related information from their point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of satisfying customer requirements.
(military) The procurement, supply, maintenance, and transportation of equipment, facilities, and personnel.

logjam logjams n
bourrage
An excess of logs being conveyed on a river, so that their motion halts.
embouteillage impasse
(figuratively) A clog or such jam or mess that halts or greatly delays progress.

logline /ˈlɒɡ.laɪn/ loglines n
ligne de loch
(nautical) The line fastened to the log, and marked for finding the speed of a vessel.

logo /ˈloʊ.ɡoʊ/ /ˈləʊ.ɡəʊ/ logos n
logo logotype
A visual symbol or emblem that acts as a trademark or a means of identification of a company or organization.

logogram /ˈlɑɡ.əˌɡɹæm/ /ˈlɒɡ.əˌɡɹæm/ /ˈlɔː.ɡəˌɡɹæm/ logograms n
logogramme
A character or symbol (usually nonalphanumeric) that represents a word or phrase.

logograph logographs n
logographe
a character or symbol that represents a word or phrase.

logogriph logogriphs n
logogriphe
A kind of puzzle where a series of verses give clues leading to a particular word.

logopedics n
logopédie orthophonie
The study, and correction, of speech and language defects, disorders in communication and swallowing disorders.

logopedist logopedists n
logopède logopédiste orthophoniste
A specialist who deals with the correction of the speech sounds, the disorders in writing, reading, the ability to create any forms of mathematical operations, disorders in use of language and swallowing disorders.

logorrhea /ˌlɒ.ɡəˈɹɪ.ə/ /ˌlɔ.ɡəˈɹi.ə/ [-ɹiː-] [-ˈɹiː-] [ˌlɒ-] logorrheas n
logorrhée
(often, humorous) Excessive talkativeness.
(psychology) Excessive and often uncontrollable speaking due to a mental disorder.

logorrheic more logorrheic most logorrheic adj
logorrhéique
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting logorrhea, the excessive flow of words

logos /ˈloʊɡoʊs/ /ˈloʊɡɑs/ /ˈlɑɡɑs/ /ˈlɒɡɒs/ logoi n
logos

logotherapy n
logothérapie
(psychotherapy) A therapy that involves finding the meaning of one's life.

logotype logotypes n
logotype logo
A symbol or emblem that acts as a trademark or a means of identification of an institution or other entity, usually referred to as a logo.
ligature
(typography) A single type combining two or more letters (as a ligature or otherwise).

logout logouts n
déconnexion
(computing) The act or process of logging out.

logwood logwoods n
campêche
A tree of species Haematoxylum campechianum, in the legume family, of great economic importance and growing throughout Central America.

lohoch /ˈloʊhɑk/ /ˈləʊhɒk/ lohochs n
looch
(medicine) A medicine in a soft form taken by licking; a lambative, a linctus.

loin /lɔɪn/ loins n
lombe
lombes
The part of the body (of humans and quadrupeds) at each side of the backbone, between the ribs and hips
côtes premières filet
Any of several cuts of meat taken from this part of an animal

loincloth loincloths n
pagne
A garment worn about the loins and covering the crotch.

loins /lɔɪnz/ n
lombes reins
(Bible, euphemism) The pubic region.
The reproductive organs.

loiter /ˈlɔɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔɪtɚ/ [ˈlɔɪɾɚ] v
traîner flâner
To stand about without any aim or purpose; to stand about idly.

loitering munition loitering munitions n
munition maraudeuse munition rôdeuse
(military, weaponry) A munition, often a UAV, that waits passively around the target area and attacks only once a target is located.

lolcat /ˈlɑl.kæt/ lolcats n
lolcat lolchat
(Internet, neologism) An image macro of, usually, a kitten or a cat with a humorous caption.

lolicon lolicons n
lolicon
(countable, anime and manga) An individual who is attracted to young or young-looking female characters.

lollipop /ˈlɑ.li.pɑp/ /ˈlɒl.i.pɒp/ lollipops n
sucette suçon
An item of confectionery consisting of a piece of candy/sweet attached to a stick.

lollygag /ˈlɒlɪɡæɡ/ n
absurdité
(US) Silliness, nonsense.

lollygag /ˈlɒlɪɡæɡ/ v
glander glandouiller paresser
(US) To dawdle; to be lazy or idle; to avoid necessary work or effort.

lollygagger /ˈlɑlɪˌɡæɡɚ/ /ˈlɒlɪˌɡaɡə/ lollygaggers n
paresseuse paresseux
(slang) A lazy person, one who lollygags; a slacker, ne'er-do-well.

lone /loʊn/ /ləʊn/ adj
seul
Solitary; having no companion.
seul isolé
Isolated or lonely; lacking companionship.
unique
Sole; being the only one of a type.
isolé
Situated by itself or by oneself, with no neighbours.

loneliness /ˈloʊnlinəs/ lonelinesses n
solitude
A feeling of depression resulting from being alone or from having no companions.
The condition or state of being alone or having no companions.

lonely /ˈloʊn.li/ /ˈləʊn.li/ lonelier loneliest adj
seul
Unhappy because of feeling isolated from contact with other people.
désert abandonné
(of a, place or time) Unfrequented by people; desolate.

loner /ˈloʊnɚ/ loners n
solitaire
One who is alone, lacking or avoiding the company of others.

lonesome /ˈloʊnsəm/ /ˈləʊnsəm/ more lonesome most lonesome adj
solitaire
Unhappy due to being alone; lonely.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ longer longest adj
long
Having much distance from one terminating point on an object or an area to another terminating point (usually applies to horizontal dimensions; see Usage Notes below).
Having great duration.

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ longer longest adv
longtemps combien de temps temps
For a particular duration.
longtemps
For a lengthy duration (see usage notes).

long /lɑŋ/ /lɒŋ/ /lɔŋ/ /lɔːŋ/ /lʊŋɡ/ v
aspirer à
(intransitive) To await, aspire, desire greatly (something to occur or to be true).

long COVID /ˌlɒŋ ˈkəʊvɪd/ /ˌlɔŋ ˈkoʊvɪd/ n
Covid long
(diseases) Long-term sequelae or symptoms (such as brain fog, extreme fatigue, or shortness of breath) following a COVID-19 infection, which persist after the SARS-CoV-2 virus is no longer active. [from 2020]

long absent, soon forgotten proverb
loin des yeux, loin du cœur
Love fades away when people are distant and don't keep close physical contact

long ago adv
il y a longtemps jadis
At a time in the past, especially the distant past.

long division long divisions n
division posée
(mathematics) A procedure for dividing multidigit numbers, breaking down the division into a series of easier steps.

long drink long drinks n
long drink
(idiomatic) A relatively weak (low alcoholic content per volume) and voluminous mixed drink, typically containing lots of ice and mixer.

long face long faces n
faire la tête tête d'enterrement
An expression of sadness and disappointment or gloom.

long for v
convoiter
(transitive) To have a desire for (a thing or an event).
languir
(transitive) To miss (someone).

long in the tooth adj
blanchir sous le harnais défraîchi
(idiomatic) Old; aged.

long johns n
caleçon long
(US) A full-length undergarment, worn on the bottom half of the body, or two-piece, to keep the wearer warm in cold weather.

long jump long jumps n
saut en longueur
An athletics field event where competitors attempt to jump as far as possible, after taking a run-up; a jump such as one performed in such an event.

long jumper long jumpers n
sauteur en longueur
An athlete who competes in the long jump

long live v
vive longue vie à
May he, she, they, or it live for a long time; may it prosper.

long nineteenth century pn
long XIXe siècle

long pepper long peppers n
poivre long poivrier long
The flowering vine Piper longum in the genus Piper (pepper) of family Piperaceae, cultivated for its characteristically long fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning.

long s long s's n
s long
The ſ character, as distinct from the short s (which is the s character).

long scale n
échelle longue

long story short adv
en bref en résumé pour faire court
(idiomatic) Introducing a short version of, or simply the conclusion of, a relevant story.

long tail long tails n
longue traîne
(marketing, sometimes, capitalized) Sales made for less usual goods within a very large choice, which can return a profit through reduced marketing and distribution costs.

long time no see interjection
ça fait longtemps ça fait longtemps [[qu']]on ne [[s']]est pas vu ! ça fait un bail !
(idiomatic) I (or we) have not seen you for a long time.

long track long tracks n
patinage de vitesse longue piste patinage de vitesse sur longue piste
(uncountable, ice skating) Ellipsis of long-track speedskating.; a discipline of speedskating, where speedskaters race around an oval ice ring or rink with a circumference of between 200 and 500 metres (400m track lengths are standard), typically racing against a clock, racing starts in pairs.

long ways, long lies /ˈlɒŋ ˌweɪz ˈlɒŋ ˌlaɪz/ proverb
a beau mentir qui vient de loin
Someone who returns from a far-off region can tell lies without fear of being contradicted.

long weekend long weekends n
pont
A weekend extended by one or more days off falling on a day or days immediately preceding or following it.

long-awaited more long-awaited most long-awaited adj
tant attendu
having been awaited for a long time

long-billed dowitcher long-billed dowitchers n
bécassin à long bec
a long-legged and long-billed migratory wading bird, Limnodromus scolopaceus

long-distance longer-distance longest-distance adj
interurbain
Referring to a non-local telephone call; a toll call.

long-eared bat long-eared bats n
oreillard
Any of many vesper bats with ears longer than bats of similar size, especially the brown long-eared bat or common long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus), of Eurasia.

long-eared owl /ˌlɒŋɪədˈaʊl/ long-eared owls n
hibou moyen-duc hibou moyen duc
Asio otus, a species of owl which breeds in Europe, Asia, and North America. Long eared owls are partially migratory, moving south in winter from the northern parts of their range.

long-legged buzzard long-legged buzzards n
buse féroce
Buteo rufinus, a bird of prey in the Buteo genus, resident or breeding from North Africa to central Asia.

long-lived /ˈlɒŋˈlaɪvd/ /ˈlɒŋˈlɪvd/ more long-lived most long-lived adj
longévif
Having a long lifespan; surviving for a long period of time.

long-sleeved more long-sleeved most long-sleeved adj
à manches longues
(of a garment) Having long sleeves, often extending from shoulder to wrist.

long-standing longer-standing longest-standing more long-standing most long-standing adj
de longue date ancien
Having existed for a long time.

long-suffering more long-suffering most long-suffering adj
longanime
Having endured mental or physical discomfort for a protracted period of time patiently or without complaint.

long-tailed duck long-tailed ducks n
harelde kakawi
An Arctic sea bird (Clangula hyemalis).

long-tailed shrike long-tailed shrikes n
pie-grièche schach
Lanius schach, a member of the shrike family (Laniidae), mainly found in Asia.

long-term longer-term longest-term adj
à long terme
Becoming evident after a relatively long time period.
Extending over a relatively long time period.

long-term memory n
mémoire à long terme

long-toed stint long-toed stints n
bécasseau à longs doigts
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris subminuta)

long-winded /ˈlɔŋˌwɪndəd/ more long-winded most long-winded adj
prolixe verbeux
Tediously long in speaking; consuming much time; unnecessarily verbose.

longan /ˈlɑŋɡən/ /ˈlɒŋɡən/ /ˈlɔŋɡən/ longans n
longanier
An evergreen tree, Dimocarpus longan, of the Sapindaceae family, native to southern China.
longane
The fruit from the longan tree.

longanimous more longanimous most longanimous adj
longanime
Long-suffering; patient; showing self-control and restraint.

longbow /ˈlɒŋbəʊ/ longbows n
arc long anglais
A large bow that has a strong tension, and is usually more than 3 feet tall. The most famous longbows in history were the English longbows, which were crafted of yew.

longe /lʌnd͡ʒ/ longes n
longe
A long rope or flat web line, more commonly referred to as a longe line, approximately 20-30 feet long, attached to the bridle, longeing cavesson, or halter of a horse and used to control the animal while longeing.

longeron /ˈlɒnʒəɹɒn/ longerons n
longeron
A thin strip of wood or metal, to which the skin of an aircraft is fastened.

longevity /lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ti/ /lɒnˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɒŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ɪ.ti/ /lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ti/ [lɑŋˈd͡ʒɛv.ə.ɾi] [lɔŋˈd͡ʒev.ə.ɾi] longevities n
longévité
The quality of being long-lasting, especially of life.

longhorn /ˈlɒŋhɔːn/ /ˈlɔŋhɔɹn/ longhorns n
longhorn
A breed of beef cattle, having long horns, bred in Texas and other parts of southwest United States.

longhorn beetle longhorn beetles n
capricorne
Any beetle from the Cerambycidae family, notable for their extremely long antennae.

longing /ˈlɒŋɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːŋɪŋ/ longings n
nostalgie
An earnest and deep, not greatly passionate, but rather melancholic desire.

longitude /-tʃuːd/ /ˈlɑnd͡ʒəˌtud/ /ˈlɒnd͡ʒɪtjuːd/ /ˈlɒnɡɪtjuːd/ longitudes n
longitude
(geography) Angular distance measured west or east of the prime meridian.
(geography, astronomy) Any imaginary line perpendicular to the equator and part of a great circle passing through the North Pole and South Pole.

longitudinal /lɔŋɡəˈt͡ʃʉːdənəl/ /ˌlɑnd͡ʒəˈtuːdənəl/ /ˌlɒŋɡɪˈt͡juːdɪnl̥/ /ˌlɔŋɡɪˈt͡ʃʉwdɪnəl/ adj
longitudinal
Relating to length, or to longitude.

longitudinal wave longitudinal waves n
onde longitudinale
(physics) Any wave in which the direction of disturbance is parallel to the direction of travel.

longline longlines n
palangre
(fishing) gear consisting of a long and thick mainline, with baited hooks attached at intervals by means of branch lines called snoods (or gangions)

longship longships n
drakkar
A type of naval vessel made by the Vikings.

longspine snipefish longspine snipefishes n
bécasse de mer
A moderately elongate species of snipefish with a tubular snout equal to about a quarter of the total body length, Macroramphosus scolopax.

longue durée n
longue durée temps long
The long term; a relatively long period of time.

longwave adj
grande onde
(of radio waves) Having a wavelength of greater than 1000 meters.

lonsdaleite /ˈlɒnzdəlaɪt/ /ˈlɒnzˌdeɪlaɪt/ lonsdaleites n
lonsdaléite
(mineral) A hexagonal-dihexagonal dipyramidal mineral containing carbon. Also called hexagonal diamond.

loofah /ˈluːfə/ loofahs n
loofa luffa
Any of several tropical vines of the genus Luffa, having almost cylindrical fruit with a spongy, fibrous interior; the dishcloth gourd.

loogie /ˈluːɡi/ loogies n
glaviot huitre mollard
(US, slang) A thick quantity of sputum, usually containing phlegm.

look /luːk/ /luːx/ /lʊk/ interjection
écoute écoutez
Pay attention.

look /luːk/ /luːx/ /lʊk/ looks n
regard
The action of looking; an attempt to see.
air
(often plural) Physical appearance, visual impression.
regard mine
A facial expression.

look /luːk/ /luːx/ /lʊk/ v
chercher
regarder sembler avoir l'air paraître donner sur
To try to see, to pay attention to with one’s eyes.

look after v
soigner occuper garder veiller
(transitive, obsolete) To expect, look forward to. [14th–18th c.]

look and feel looks and feels n
aspect et la convivialité
(software, of an application, operating system, etc.) The combination of the visual design and behaviour of a user interface.

look around v
regarder autour de soi
To inspect a building or area.

look at v
regarder
(transitive) To observe or watch (something).
(transitive) To study (something) visually.
fixer regarder
to face (to be presented or confronted with; to have in prospect)

look back v
regarder derrière soi
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see look,‎ back.
se remémorer
To think of (past events) in retrospect.

look before one leaps v
réfléchir avant [[d']]agir
(idiomatic) To think before taking action.

look daggers /ˌlʊk ˈdæɡəz/ /ˌlʊk ˈdæɡɚz/ v
darder un regard noir foudroyer du regard fusiller du regard lancer un regard noir se regarder en chiens de faïence
(intransitive) Often followed by at: to stare in a disapproving, severe, or threatening manner, especially without speaking.

look down on v
mépriser regarder de haut
(transitive, idiom) To regard or treat as inferior.

look for v
chercher rechercher
(transitive) To search for; to seek.

look forward to v
espérer attendre avec impatience avoir hâte
(transitive, idiomatic) To anticipate, expect, or wait for, especially with a feeling of approval or pleasure. To be excited or eager to.

look into v
pencher
(idiomatic) to investigate, explore, or consider

look like v
sembler
(idiomatic, impersonal) To seem; appear.
ressembler
(transitive) To be similar in appearance to; resemble.

look on the bright side v
voir le bon côté des choses

look one's age v
faire son âge

look out v
prendre garde
(intransitive, idiom) To be vigilant and aware often as an imperative to alert a person to danger.

look the part v
avoir la gueule de l'emploi avoir la tête de l'emploi avoir le physique de l'emploi
(idiomatic) To appear suitable for a particular kind of work, position or role.

look up v
chercher
(transitive, idiomatic) To obtain, or seek to obtain, information about something.
To obtain information about something from a reference book.

look up to v
respecter
(transitive) To show respect or admiration for (someone); to see (someone) as a role model.

look who's talking phraseologicalUnit
qui parle tu peux causer tu peux parler ça te va bien ça te va bien de dire ça

lookalike /ˈlʊkəlaɪk/ lookalikes n
sosie
Someone who physically resembles (looks like) someone else.
(North America) Something that looks very similar to or the same as the genuine article.

looker /ˈlʊk.ə/ /ˈlʊk.ɚ/ lookers n
canon
(slang) Someone or something who is remarkably good-looking.

lookout /ˈlʊkaʊt/ lookouts n
poste de guet
A vantage point with a view of the surrounding area.
guetteur sentinelle
A person on watch for approaching enemy, police, danger, etc.

looks /lʊks/ n
allure
One's appearance or attractiveness.

loom /lum/ /luːm/ looms n
menacer
A distorted appearance of something as seen indistinctly or from afar.
métier à tisser
A frame or machine of wood or other material, in which a weaver forms cloth out of thread; a machine for interweaving yarn or threads into a fabric, as in knitting or lace making.

loon /ˈluːn/ loons n
fou
(slang) A crazy or deranged person; a lunatic.
plongeon huard
(US, Canada) Any of various birds, of the order Gaviiformes, of North America and Europe that dive for fish and have a short tail, webbed feet and a yodeling cry.

loop /luːp/ loops n
boucle
A length of thread, line or rope that is doubled over to make an opening.
A shape produced by a curve that bends around and crosses itself.
(programming) A programmed sequence of instructions that is repeated until or while a particular condition is satisfied.
(graph theory) An edge that begins and ends on the same vertex.
(transportation) A bus or rail route, walking route, etc. that starts and ends at the same point.
(algebra) A quasigroup with an identity element.
An aerobatic maneuver in which an aircraft flies a circular path in a vertical plane.
circuit fermé
A complete circuit for an electric current.

loophole /ˈluphoʊl/ /ˈluːphəʊl/ loopholes n
meurtrière
(historical) A slit in a castle wall; today, any similar window for shooting a ranged weapon or letting in light. Also written loop hole.
brèche échappatoire
(figurative) A method of escape, especially an ambiguity or exception in a rule or law that can be exploited in order to avoid its effect.

loopy /ˈluː.pi/ loopier loopiest adj
plein de courbes
Having loops.
bourré fada timbré
(slang) Idiotic; crazy.
(slang) Under the influence of alcohol or a narcotic; drunk.

loose /luːs/ looser loosest adj
lâche mal fixé
Not fixed in place tightly or firmly.
à la pièce
Not held or packaged together.
mal fixé meuble
Not compact.
débauché facile
(somewhat dated) Free from moral restraint; immoral, unchaste.
ample lousse mal fixé meuble pas serré
(not comparable, sports) Not being in the possession of any competing team during a game.

loose /luːs/ v
défaire
(transitive) To unfasten, to loosen.

loose cannon loose cannons n
électron libre
(idiomatic, by extension) An uncontrolled or unpredictable person who causes damage to their own team, faction, political party, etc.

loose change n
monnaie
Coins of little value kept in one's pocket or bag.

loose coupling loose couplings n
couplage
(computer science) A low-level interdependent coupling between program modules.

loose lips sink ships proverb
propos inconsidérés, bateaux coulés
Saying too much or releasing confidential information can have dangerous consequences.

loose-fitting looser-fitting loosest-fitting adj
souple
Baggy, not tight.

loosehead looseheads n
pilier gauche
(rugby) prop who plays on the left hand side of the front row of the scrum, such that in a scrum, their head is not tightly bound (unlike that of the tighthead)

loosely /ˈluːsli/ more loosely most loosely adv
sans serrer
Not tightly.

loosen /ˈluːsn̩/ v
desserrer
(transitive) To make loose.

loosestrife loosestrifes n
lysimaque salicaire
Any of certain flowering plants of the genera Lythrum and Lysimachia, which are not closely related.

loot /luːt/ /ɫʉːt/ n
fric pognon
(slang) Synonym of money.

loot /luːt/ /ɫʉːt/ v
piller
(transitive) Synonym of plunder, to seize by violence particularly during the capture of a city during war or (video games) after successful combat.

loot box loot boxes n
coffre-surprise loot box
(video gaming) A consumable virtual item, often in the shape of a box or another container, that gives a player a random selection of in-game items.

looter /ˈlutɚ/ looters n
pillard pilleur
One who loots, who steals during a general disturbance such as a riot or natural disaster.

looting lootings n
pillage
The act of stealing during a general disturbance.

lope /loʊp/ /ləʊp/ v
courir en bondissant
To travel an easy pace with long strides.

loppers n
sécateur de force
(plurale tantum) Pruning shears with long handles, used for lopping

lopsided /ˈlɑp.saɪ.dɪd/ /ˈlɒp.saɪ.dəd/ more lopsided most lopsided adj
bancal
Not even or balanced; not the same on one side as on the other.

loquacious /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/ /ləʊˈkweɪʃəs/ more loquacious most loquacious adj
loquace
Talkative; chatty.

loquaciously more loquaciously most loquaciously adv
de manière loquace
In a loquacious manner.

loquacity loquacities n
loquacité
Talkativeness; the quality of being loquacious.

loquat /ˈloʊkwɑt/ /ˈləʊkwɒt/ loquats n
bibacier néflier du Japon
Any of species Eriobotrya japonica of trees (Japanese medlar, Chinese plum, Japanese plum).
bibace nèfle du Japon
The fruit of this tree. It is as large as a small plum, but grows in clusters, and contains four or five large seeds.

lord /lɔɹd/ /lɔːd/ lords n
châtelain
(obsolete) The master of the servants of a household; (historical) the master of a feudal manor
seigneur monsieur
One possessing similar mastery over others; (historical) any feudal superior generally; any nobleman or aristocrat; any chief, prince, or sovereign ruler; in Scotland, a male member of the lowest rank of nobility (the equivalent rank in England is baron)

lord of the manor lords of the manor lords of the manors n
châtelain
(law, historical) The feudal lord of a manor estate.
(archaic) A ceremonial title retained or bestowed in certain contexts.

lordling /ˈlɔɹdlɪŋ/ /ˈlɔːdlɪŋ/ lordlings n
gentillâtre
An unimportant or petty lord.

lordosis lordoses n
lordose
(pathology) An excessive backwards curvature of the spine, causing a hollow in the back.

lordship /ˈlɔɹd.ʃɪp/ /ˈlɔːd.ʃɪp/ lordships n
Monsieur le Seigneur
(hence, with "his" or "your", often capitalised) Title applied to a lord, bishop, judge, or another man with a title.
seigneurie
Seigniory; domain; the territory over which a lord holds jurisdiction; a manor.

lore /lo(ː)ɹ/ /loə/ /lɔɹ/ /lɔː/ lores n
savoir-faire traditions
All the facts and traditions about a particular subject that have been accumulated over time through education or experience.
lore univers
The backstory created around a fictional universe.

lorgnette /lɒɹnjɛt/ lorgnettes n
binocle lorgnette lorgnon
An opera glass with a handle.

lorikeet /lɒɹɪˈkiːt/ lorikeets n
loriquet
Any of various small, brightly coloured parrots native to Australasia. They are usually classified in the subfamily Loriinae.

lory /ˈlɒɹi/ lories n
lori
Any of various small, brightly coloured parrots native to Australasia. They are usually classified in the subfamily Loriinae.

lose /luːz/ v
perdre
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease to be in one's possession or capability.
(transitive) To experience the death of (someone to whom one has an attachment, such as a relative or friend).
(transitive) To have (an organ) removed from one's body, especially by accident.
(transitive) To shed (weight).
To wander from; to miss, so as not to be able to find; to go astray from.
(transitive) To fail to win (a game, competition, trial, etc).
(transitive) To be unable to follow or trace (somebody or something) any longer.
(ditransitive) To cause (someone) the loss of something; to deprive of.
enlever retirer
(transitive, informal) To shed, remove, discard, or eliminate.

lose count v
perdre le compte
(intransitive) to forget the number of times that something has happened

lose face v
perdre la face
(idiomatic, intransitive) To lose the respect of others; to be humiliated or experience public disgrace.

lose ground v
en perte de vitesse perdre du terrain

lose heart v
désespérer se décourager
To despair; to experience reduced morale.

lose one's cool /ˈluːz wʌnz ˈkuːl/ v
perdre son sang-froid
(idiomatic) To become upset or disconcerted; to lose one's temper.

lose one's head /luːz wʌnz hɛd/ v
perdre la tête
(idiomatic) To behave irrationally or to lose one's self-control, especially in a distressing situation or as a result of falling in love.

lose one's life v
perdre la vie
(euphemistic) To die, especially to be killed during involvement in an activity or in some other undertaking.

lose one's mind /luːz wʌnz maɪnd/ v
perdre la raison perdre la tête
(idiomatic) To become crazy, insane, mad.

lose one's shit v
chier une pendule craquer son slip disjoncter faire un caca nerveux perdre son sang froid péter les plombs
(idiomatic, vulgar) To lose one's temper.
craquer son slip péter un plomb
(idiomatic, vulgar) To have a sudden burst of emotion, regardless of the type of feeling.

lose one's temper /luːz wʌnz tɛmpə(ɹ)/ v
perdre son calme perdre son sang froid sortir de ses gonds
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become angry or annoyed.

lose one's virginity v
perdre sa virginité
To have sexual intercourse for the first time.

lose patience v
[[s']]impatienter perdre patience
(transitive with with) Become impatient.

lose the thread v
perdre le fil

lose weight v
maigrir perdre du poids
(intransitive) To become less heavy or obese.

loser /luzɚ/ /luːzə(ɹ)/ losers n
perdant perdante
A person who loses; one who fails to win or thrive.
raté minable bon à rien tocard
(derogatory) A contemptible or unfashionable person.

loss /lɑs/ /lɒs/ /lɔs/ losses n
perte
(countable) The result of no longer possessing an object, a function, or a characteristic due to external causes or misplacement.
(countable) The death of a person or animal.
(uncountable) The condition of grief caused by losing someone or something, especially someone who has died.
(financial, countable) The sum an entity loses on balance.
(engineering) Electricity of kinetic power expended without doing useful work.
défaite perte
(countable) Defeat; an instance of being defeated.

loss leader /ˈlɒs ˈliːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈlɔs ˈlidɚ/ loss leaders n
produit d'appel
(marketing) An item that is sold at or below cost in an effort to stimulate other profitable sales.

loss ratio loss ratios n
sinistralité

loss-making more loss-making most loss-making adj
déficitaire
Making financial losses.

lost /lɑst/ /lɒst/ /lɔst/ /lɔːst/ loster lostest more lost most lost adj
perdu
Having wandered from, or unable to find, the way.
In an unknown location; unable to be found.

lost and found lost and founds n
objets trouvés
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A department, service or location where items that are found can be claimed by their owners.

lost cause lost causes n
cause perdue peine perdue
(idiomatic) A person or thing that is hopeless or futile.

lost generation pn
génération perdue

lost sheep lost sheep n
brebis égarée
A disadvantaged or marginalized person who can be "brought back into the fold" with a little effort.

lost soul lost souls n
âme en peine
(idiomatic) One who is forlorn, who lacks direction, purpose, or motivation in life.

lost wax n
cire perdue
A method of casting a sculpture in which a model of the sculpture is made from wax; the model is used to make a mould; when the mould has set, the wax is made to melt and is poured away, leaving the mould ready to be used to cast the sculpture.

lot /lɑt/ /lɒt/ /lɔt/ lots n
ensemble groupe
A separate portion; a number of things taken collectively.
bande
(informal) A number of people taken collectively.
parcelle lot
A distinct portion or plot of land, usually smaller than a field.
destin
That which happens without human design or forethought.
lot sort
The part, or fate, that falls to one, as it were, by chance, or without one's planning.
lot
A prize in a lottery.

lotic more lotic most lotic adj
lotique
(biology) Living in flowing water; adapted to life in flowing water.

lotion /ˈloʊʃən/ /ˈləʊʃən/ lotions n
lotion
(archaic) A washing, especially of the skin for the purpose of beautification.

lotophagous adj
lotophage

lottery /ˈlɑtɚi/ /ˈlɒtəɹi/ /ˈlɒtɹi/ lotteries n
loterie
A scheme for the distribution of prizes by lot or chance, especially a gaming scheme in which one or more tickets bearing particular numbers draw prizes, the other tickets are blanks.
(figuratively) Something decided by chance.

lottery ticket lottery tickets n
billet de loterie
A slip of paper drawn in a lottery, possibly redeemable for a prize.

lotto lottos n
loto
a game of chance similar to bingo

lotus /ˈloʊtəs/ /ˈləʊtəs/ loti lotuses n
lotus
A kind of aquatic plant, genus Nelumbo in the family Nelumbonaceae.

lotus foot lotus feet n
pied bandé
A foot whose shape has been altered by footbinding.

lotus seed lotus seeds n
graine de lotus
Any of the seeds derived from the plants in the genus Nelumbo, particularly the species Nelumbo nucifera, as used in East Asian cuisine, traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese desserts.

lotus-eater lotus-eaters n
Lotophages
(Greek mythology) A member of the legendary people living on an island dominated by the lotus tree, who have forgotten their homes due to the fruits' narcotic and stupefying effect.

loud /laʊd/ louder loudest adj
fort haut
(of a sound) Of great intensity.
bruyant
(of a person, thing, event, etc.) Noisy.
voyant
(of clothing, decorations, etc.) Having unpleasantly and tastelessly contrasting colours or patterns; gaudy.

loud and clear louder and clearer loudest and clearest adv
cinq sur cinq fort et clair haut et fort
In a clear and easily understandable manner.

loudly /ˈlaʊdli/ loudlier loudliest more loudly most loudly adv
fort à haute voix à voix haute
In a loud manner; at a high volume.

loudness loudnesses n
intensité volume
bruyance
the physical strength of the sound pressure level, measured in decibels

loudspeaker /laʊdˈspiːkə/ /ˈlaʊdspiːkɚ/ loudspeakers n
haut-parleur
An electromechanical transducer that converts an electrical signal into audible sound.
enceinte acoustique
An encasing containing one or more loudspeaker devices and usually other electrical equipment such as a driver.

louis d'or /ˌlui ˈdɔɹ/ /ˌluiz ˈdɔɹ/ /ˌluːɪ ˈdɔː/ /ˌluːɪz ˈdɔː/ louis d'or louis d'ors n
louis d'or
(historical, _, numismatics) Any of the gold coins first introduced in France under Louis XIII in 1640, based upon the Spanish doubloon.

lounge /laʊnd͡ʒ/ /lɔnd͡ʒ/ lounges n
salon salle d'attente
(British) The living room or sitting room of a house.

loupe /luːp/ loupes n
loupe
A magnifying glass, usually mounted in an eyepiece, often used by jewellers and watchmakers.

louse /laʊs/ lice louses n
pou
A small parasitic wingless insect of the order Psocodea.
salaud salaude salop salopard saloparde salope
(colloquial, dated, not usually used in plural form) A contemptible person; one who is deceitful or causes harm.

louse /laʊs/ v
épouiller
To remove lice from; to delouse.

lousy /ˈlaʊ.zi/ lousier lousiest adj
minable pouilleux de merde pourri à chier
(colloquial) Remarkably bad; of poor quality.
pouilleux
Infested with lice.
bourré
(colloquial, usually with with) Filled or packed (with something, usually bad).

lout /laʊt/ /lʌʊt/ louts n
voyou
A troublemaker, often violent; a rude violent person; a yob.
malotru
A clownish, awkward fellow; a bumpkin.

louvar louvars n
louvareau
Luvarus imperialis, a large ellipsoidal perciform fish related to the surgeonfish.

louver /ˈluːvə/ /ˈluːvɚ/ louvers n
persienne
A type of turret on the roof of certain medieval buildings designed to allow ventilation or the admission of light. [from 14th c.]
(chiefly, _, in plural) A series of sloping overlapping slats or boards which admit air and light but exclude rain etc. [from 16th c.]
Any of a system of slits, as in the hood of an automobile, for ventilation.

lovable /ˈlʌvəbəl/ more lovable most lovable adj
aimable adorable
Inspiring or deserving love or affection; adorable or cute.

lovage /ˈlʌvəd͡ʒ/ /ˈlʌvɪd͡ʒ/ lovages n
livèche
A perennial Mediterranean herb, Levisticum officinale, with odor and flavor resembling celery.

love /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [lɘv] [lɘʋ] [lʌv] [ɫäv~ɫɐv] [ɫʌv] loves n
zéro
(racquet sports, billiards) Zero, no score.
amour passion
(uncountable) Strong affection.
amour
(countable) A person who is the object of romantic feelings; a darling, a sweetheart, a beloved.
clématite vigne-blanche
A climbing plant, Clematis vitalba.

love /lʊv/ /lʌv/ [lɘv] [lɘʋ] [lʌv] [ɫäv~ɫɐv] [ɫʌv] v
aimer
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive, stative) To have a strong affection for (someone or something).
(usually, transitive, sometimes, _, intransitive) To seek the good or honor of (someone), care deeply about, to be dedicated to (someone or something).
aimer beaucoup aimer bien vouloir beaucoup
(transitive) To be strongly inclined towards something; an emphatic form of like.
baiser coucher avec faire l'amour
(transitive, euphemistic) To have sex with (perhaps from make love).

love affair love affairs n
liaison aventure
An affair; a usually adulterous relationship between people who are not married to each other.

love at first sight n
coup de foudre
(idiom) an instantaneous attraction

love bite love bites n
sucette suçon
A swelling on the skin caused by someone (or something) sucking the skin.

love child love children n
enfant de l'amour
(euphemistic) A child born as a result of a romantic liaison between parents not married to one another; an illegitimate child.

love conquers all /lʌv ˈkɑŋkɚz ɔːl/ /lʌv ˈkɒŋkəz ɔːl/ proverb
l’amour triomphe de tout
Love is a powerful force that overcomes all obstacles.

love game love games n
jeu blanc
(tennis) A game in which one of the two players scored no points.

love handle love handles n
poignée d’amour
(colloquial, euphemistic, mostly, in the plural) A protruding area of fat on the side of the body, above the hips.

love hotel love hotels n
love hotel
A short-stay hotel found in Japan and elsewhere, operated primarily for the purpose of allowing lovers privacy to have sexual intercourse.

love interest /ˈlʌv ˈɪntəɹəst/ /ˈlʌv ˈɪntəɹɪst/ /ˈlʌv ˈɪntɹəst/ /ˈlʌv ˈɪntɹɪst/ love interests n
amoureux potentiel
(film, literature) One who is of interest as a (potential) partner in love.

love is blind proverb
l’amour est aveugle
A person who is in love can see no faults or imperfections in the person whom they love.

love letter love letters n
lettre d’amour billet doux
A letter written about the author's love for the intended reader.

love life love lives n
vie amoureuse
An individual's amorous or sexual relationships.

love nest love nests n
baisodrome nid d'amour
(idiomatic, colloquial) A place suitable for or used for having sexual intercourse.

love of one's life loves of one's life n
amour de sa vie

love song love songs n
chanson d'amour
A song about love; a song that expresses amorous feelings.

love story love stories n
histoire d'amour
A story about love.

love triangle /ˈlʌv ˌtɹaɪ.æŋɡəl/ love triangles n
triangle amoureux
A situation in which two suitors vie or compete for the love of the same person.

love-in-a-mist n
nigelle de Damas
Nigella damascena, an annual flowering plant of the genus Nigella, the blooms of which are generally blue in colour, though also found in shades of pink, white or pale purple.

love-lies-bleeding n
amarante queue-de-renard
A tropical plant, Amaranthus caudatus, that has clusters of little red flowers

lovebird lovebirds n
inséparable tourtereau tourtereaux tourterelle
Any small parrot from one of the nine species within the genus Agapornis. Sometimes they are kept as cage birds and are noted for their affection towards each other.
tourtereau tourtereaux tourterelle
(metaphorical, usually, in the plural) One of the members of an openly affectionate couple.

loved /lʌvd/ more loved most loved adj
adoré aimé
Being the object of love.

loved one loved ones n
proche être aimé
A very close friend or family member for whom a person has feelings of endearment, one of someone's close ones; sometimes: next of kin (for example on hospital admission form).

loveless more loveless most loveless adj
sans amour
Without love.

loveliness /ˈlʌvlinəs/ lovelinesses n
beauté charme
(uncountable) The property of being lovely, of attractiveness, beauty, appearing to be lovable.

lovelock /ˈlʌvˌlɒk/ lovelocks n
cadenette
A lock of hair that hangs down and is worn apart from the hair that remains.

lovely /ˈlʌv.li/ lovelier loveliest adj
adorable
magnifique
Very nice, wonderful.

lover /ˈlʌvə/ /ˈlʌvɚ/ lovers n
amoureuse amoureux
One who loves and cares for another person in a romantic way; a sweetheart, love, soulmate, boyfriend, girlfriend, or spouse.
amant amante
A sexual partner, especially one with whom someone is having an affair.

lovesick more lovesick most lovesick adj
énamouré
Behaving oddly, or as though in distress, due to being overcome by feelings of love.
languissant
Having an aching desire for one's beloved.

lovesickness lovesicknesses n
chagrin d'amour

loving /ˈlʌvɪŋ/ lovinger lovingest more loving most loving adj
aimant
Expressing a large amount of love to other people; affectionate.

lovingly more lovingly most lovingly adv
amoureusement
In a loving manner, affectionately.

low /ˈloʊ/ /ˈləʊ/ lower lowest adj
abject bas petit
Pertaining to (or, especially of a language: spoken in) in an area which is at a lesser elevation, closer to sea level (especially near the sea), than other regions.
Humble, meek, not haughty.
grave bas
(baseball, of a ball) Below the batter's knees.
Of less than normal height or upward extent or growth, or of greater than normal depth or recession; below the average or normal level from which elevation is measured.
bas faible petit
Not high in status, esteem, or rank, dignity, or quality. (Compare vulgar.)
déprimé
Depressed in mood, dejected, sad.
abject bas faible petit
Lacking health or vitality, strength or vivacity; feeble; weak.
bas petit faible
Small, not high (in amount or quantity, value, force, energy, etc).
bas petit abject
(especially in, _, biology) Simple in complexity or development.
bas calme
Quiet; soft; not loud.
bas
(phonetics) Made with a relatively large opening between the tongue and the palate; made with (part of) the tongue positioned low in the mouth, relative to the palate.

low /ˈloʊ/ /ˈləʊ/ lows n
dépression
A period of depression; a depressed mood or situation.
dépression basse pression
(meteorology, informal) An area of low pressure; a depression.
première
The lowest-speed gearing of a power-transmission system, especially of an automotive vehicle.

low blow low blows n
coup bas
(boxing) An unfair or illegal blow that lands below the opponent’s waist.
(figurative, by extension) Any attack that is considered unfair or unscrupulous.

low temperature flexibility n
flexibilité au froid
The ability of a membrane or other material to resist cracking when flexed after it has been cooled to a low temperature.

low tide low tides n
marée basse
The tide at its lowest level for a particular tidal cycle at a certain place.

low-cut more low-cut most low-cut adj
décolleté
Cut low, especially (of clothing) so as to reveal part of the breasts.

low-end more low-end most low-end adj
bas de gamme entrée de gamme
Cheap or inexpensive; low-quality.

low-income adj
défavorisé modeste pauvre à faibles revenus

low-resolution lower-resolution lowest-resolution adj
basse résolution
Having a low resolution; for example, having a small number of pixels per unit area.

low-rise adj
taille basse

lowbrow /ˈloʊbɹaʊ/ /ˈləʊbɹaʊ/ more lowbrow most lowbrow adj
bas de plafond
Unsophisticated, not intended for an audience of intelligence, education or culture.

lower /ˈloʊ.ɚ/ /ˈləʊ.ə/ adj
inférieur
bottom; more towards the bottom than the middle of an object

lower /ˈloʊ.ɚ/ /ˈləʊ.ə/ v
abaisser faire descendre amener
(transitive) To let descend by its own weight, as something suspended; to let down
abaisser baisser
(transitive) to pull down
(computing, transitive) To reduce operations to single machine instructions, as part of compilation of a program.
baisser
(transitive) To depress as to direction
abaisser baisser diminuer
(transitive) To reduce the degree, intensity, strength, etc., of
s'abaisser
(reflexive) To humble oneself; to do something one considers to be beneath one's dignity.
abaisser baisser diminuer réduire
(transitive) To reduce (something) in value, amount, etc.
baisser diminuer réduire
(intransitive) To fall; to sink; to grow less; to diminish; to decrease

lower back lower backs n
bas du dos
The region of the back above the waist, also known as the lumbar region; the area surrounding the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

lower case /ˈləʊ.ə(ɹ)ˌkeɪs/ n
bas de casse bas-de-casse minuscules
The minuscule or small letters (a, b, c, as opposed to the uppercase or capital letters, A, B, C).

lower class lower classes n
bas peuple petit peuple
A class of people in a society characterized by low incomes, low level of education, high unemployment and, as a result of these, a low social status.

lower house lower houses n
chambre basse
(government) The lower legislative house in a bicameral legislature; in many cases, the one that is directly elected and/or has more practical power, such as the power to raise and spend money.

lower lip n
lèvre inférieure

lower one's guard v
baisser la garde
To become less guarded; to allow oneself to become more vulnerable.

lowercase /ˈləʊ.ə(ɹ)ˌkeɪs/ adj
minuscule
in lower case

lowering /ˈloʊ.ɚ.ɪŋ/ /ˈloʊ.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈləʊ.ə.ɹɪŋ/ lowerings n
baisse
The act of something being lowered.

lowest common denominator lowest common denominators n
plus petit dénominateur commun
(mathematics) The smallest positive integer which is a multiple of every denominator of several fractions.

lowland lowlands n
plaine basse terre
An area which is considered particularly low or lower than surrounding areas.

lowly /ˈloʊli/ /ˈləʊli/ lowlier lowliest adj
humble
Not lofty or sublime; humble.

lox /lɑks/ /lɒks/ n
saumon fumé

loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ more loyal most loyal adj
loyal fidèle
Firm in allegiance to a person or institution.

loyalist /ˈlɔɪəlɪst/ loyalists n
loyaliste
A person who is loyal to a cause, generally used as a political affiliation.

loyalize v
fidéliser
(transitive) To make (someone) loyal to a cause.

loyally more loyally most loyally adv
loyalement
In a loyal manner, faithfully.

loyalty /ˈlɔɪəlti/ loyalties n
loyauté
The state of being loyal; fidelity.
Faithfulness or devotion to some person, cause or nation.

loyalty card loyalty cards n
carte de fidélité
A card used in a company's loyalty program, which rewards customers who make regular purchases.

lozenge /ˈlɑ.zɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɒz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ /ˈlɔz.ɪnd͡ʒ/ lozenges n
losange rhombus
(shapes, heraldiccharge) A quadrilateral with sides of equal length (rhombus), having two acute and two obtuse angles.
pastille
A small tablet (originally diamond-shaped) or medicated sweet used to ease a sore throat.

luau /ˈlu.aʊ/ luau luaus n
luau
An elaborate Hawaiian feast featuring traditional foods and entertainment.

lubricant /ˈljuːbɹɪkənt/ /ˈlubɹəkənt/ /ˈluːbɹɪkənt/ lubricants n
lubrifiant
A substance used to reduce friction between objects or surfaces.

lubricate v
lubrifier
To make slippery or smooth (normally to minimize friction) by applying a lubricant.

lubrication /ˌluː.bɹɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ lubrications n
lubrification
The application of a substance (lubricant) between moving surfaces in contact in order to reduce friction and minimize heating.

lucent /ˈl(j)uːsnt/ /ˈlus(ə)nt/ more lucent most lucent adj
lucide luisant lumineux
Emitting light; shining, luminous.
clair lucide translucide
Translucent; clear, lucid.

lucid /ˈl(j)uːsɪd/ lucider lucidest more lucid most lucid adj
clair claire
Clear; easily understood.
lucide
Mentally rational; sane.

lucid dream lucid dreams n
rêve lucide
A dream during which one is conscious that one is dreaming, and may be able to manipulate events.

lucidity lucidities n
lucidité
The property of being lucid; lucidness.

lucidly /ˈluːsɪdli/ more lucidly most lucidly adv
lucidement
In a clear and easily understood way, in a lucid manner.

lucidness /ˈluːsɪdnəs/ n
lucidité
The property of being lucid; lucidity.

luciferase luciferases n
luciférase
(enzyme) Any one of a group of enzymes that produce bioluminescence by oxidizing luciferin.

luciferous adj
lucifère
illuminating; providing light.
(figurative) Illuminating; offering insight.

luck /lʊk/ /lʌk/ [lɐk] lucks n
chance bol cul veine
Something that happens to someone by chance, a chance occurrence, especially a favourable one.

luck of the devil n
chance de cocu
Extraordinarily good fortune; recurring luck.

luck out v
avoir le cul bordé de nouilles
(colloquial, idiomatic) To experience great luck; to be extremely fortunate or lucky.

luckily /ˈlʌkəli/ /ˈlʌkɪli/ more luckily most luckily adv
heureusement
In a lucky manner; by good fortune; fortunately.

lucky /ˈlʌki/ luckier luckiest more lucky most lucky adj
chanceux fortuné heureux porte-bonheur veinard
(of people) Favoured by luck; fortunate; having good success or good fortune.

lucky at cards, unlucky in love proverb
heureux au jeu, malheureux en amour

lucky break lucky breaks n
coup de bol coup de chance coup de cul
(idiomatic) A stroke of luck; a fortunate event, particularly of the sort that propels one to success, fame, etc.

lucky charm lucky charms n
porte-bonheur amulette colifichet talisman
An object kept for good luck.

lucky dog lucky dogs n
chanceux veinard chançard
(idiomatic) Someone with astounding good luck.

lucky star lucky stars n
bonne étoile
(idiom) Something that appears to give a person luck

lucmo n
lucume
A fruit tree, Pouteria lucuma, from the Andean region of Peru, related to, and often confused with, the canistel.

lucrative more lucrative most lucrative adj
lucratif
Producing a surplus; profitable.

lucre /ˈl(j)uː.kə/ /ˈluː.kɚ/ n
lucre gain profit
Money, riches, or wealth, especially when seen as having a corrupting effect or causing greed, or obtained in an underhanded manner.

lucubrate /ˈluː.kjə.bɹeɪt/ v
pernocter veiller en travaillant
(rare) To work diligently by artificial light; to study at night.

lucubration lucubrations n
élucubration
Intense and prolonged study or meditation; especially, late at night.
The product of such study; often, writings.

lucumo lucumones lucumos n
lucumon
An Etruscan ruler.

ludic /ˈluː.dɪk/ more ludic most ludic adj
ludique
Of or pertaining to play or games.

ludicrous /ˈljuː.dɪ.kɹəs/ /ˈluː.dɪ.kɹəs/ more ludicrous most ludicrous adj
absurde
Idiotic or unthinkable, often to the point of being funny; amusing by being plainly incongruous or absurd.

ludology n
ludologie
The study of games and other forms of play.

lug /lʌɡ/ lugs n
cosse
(electricity) A device for terminating an electrical conductor to facilitate the mechanical connection; to the conductor it may be crimped to form a cold weld, soldered or have pressure from a screw.
oreille tenon
A part of something which sticks out, used as a handle or support.

lug /lʌɡ/ v
traîner trimbaler
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To haul or drag along (especially something heavy); to carry; to pull.

lug nut lug nuts n
écrou de roue
A strong nut used to attach a wheel to an axle of a motor car.

luge /luʒ/ /luː(d)ʒ/ luges n
luge
(countable) A racing sled for one or two people that is ridden with the rider or riders lying on their back.
luge luge de course
(uncountable) The sport of racing on luges.

luger /ˈluːʒ.ə(ɹ)/ lugers n
lugeur lugeuse
Someone who competes in the luge.

luggage /ˈlʌɡɪd͡ʒ/ luggages n
bagage bagages
(uncountable) The bags and other containers that hold a traveller's belongings.

lugger luggers n
lougre
A small vessel having two or three masts, and a running bowsprit, and carrying lugsails.

lugsail lugsails n
voile à corne
A quadrilateral sail bent upon a yard that crosses the mast obliquely; a lug.

lugubrious /luːˈɡ(j)uː.bɹi.əs/ /ləˈɡ(j)u.bɹi.əs/ /lʊˈɡ(j)uː.bɹi.əs/ more lugubrious most lugubrious adj
lugubre
Gloomy, mournful or dismal, especially to an exaggerated degree.

lugubriously more lugubriously most lugubriously adv
lugubrement
In a lugubrious manner.

lukewarm /ˈluk.wɔɹm/ /ˌlukˈwɔɹm/ /ˌluːkˈwɔːm/ lukewarmer lukewarmest more lukewarm most lukewarm adj
tiède
(temperature) Between warm and cool.
Unenthusiastic (about a proposal or an idea).

lull /lʌl/ lulls n
pause
A period of reduced activity; a respite
bonace calme
(nautical) A period without waves or wind.

lull /lʌl/ v
apaiser bercer calmer
(transitive) To cause to rest by soothing influences; to compose; to calm

lullaby /ˈlʌləbaɪ/ lullabies n
berceuse
A cradlesong, a soothing song to calm children or lull them to sleep.

lumbago /lʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/ /ˌləm-/ /ˌlʌmˈbeɪˌɡoʊ/ lumbagos n
lumbago tour de reins lombalgie
(uncountable) Backache of the lumbar region or lower back, which can be caused by muscle strain or a slipped disc.

lumbar /ˈlʌm.bɑɹ/ /ˈlʌm.bɑː/ more lumbar most lumbar adj
lombaire
Related to the lower back or loin, specifically the five vertebrae between the rib cage and the pelvis.

lumbar puncture lumbar punctures n
ponction lombaire
(medical) A diagnostic and at times therapeutic procedure performed to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for biochemical, microbiological, and cytological analysis, or rarely to relieve increased intracranial pressure.

lumber /ˈlʌm.bə/ /ˈlʌm.bɚ/ lumbers n
bois de charpente
(North America) Wood sawn into planks or otherwise prepared for sale or use, especially as a building material. [from 17th c.]

lumberjack /ˈlʌm.bə.d͡ʒæk/ /ˈlʌm.bɚ.d͡ʒæk/ lumberjacks n
bûcheron
A person whose work is to fell trees.

lumen /ˈlumən/ /ˈluːmən/ lumens lumina n
lumen
(physics) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of luminous flux; the light that is emitted in a solid angle of one steradian from a source of one candela. Symbol: lm.

lumenal more lumenal most lumenal adj
de la lumière du lumen
Relating to the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular organ.

luminary /ˈluməˌnɛɹi/ /ˈluːmɪn(ə)ɹi/ luminaries n
lumière
One who is an inspiration to others; one who has achieved success in one's chosen field; a leading light.
astre
(archaic) A body that gives light; especially, one of the heavenly bodies.
luminaire
(archaic) An artificial light; an illumination.

luminescence /ˌluː.məˈnɛs.əns/ luminescences n
luminescence
(physics) Any emission of light that cannot be attributed merely to the temperature of the emitting body.

luminescent /luːmɪˈnɛs(ə)nt/ more luminescent most luminescent adj
luminescent
Emitting light by luminescence.

luminol /ˈljuːmɪnɒl/ /ˈluːmɪnɒl/ n
luminol
(organic compound) The compound 5-amino-2,3-dihydro-1,4-phthalazinedione that exhibits blue chemiluminescence when mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent

luminosity luminosities n
luminosité
(uncountable) the state of being luminous, or a luminous object; brilliance or radiance

luminous /ˈluːmɪnəs/ more luminous most luminous adj
lumineux
Emitting light; glowing brightly; shining.

luminous energy luminous energies n
quantité de lumière
(physics) The radiant energy of the visible portion of a spectrum of light

luminous flux luminous fluxes n
flux lumineux

luminous intensity luminous intensities n
intensité lumineuse
(physics) A measure of the power emitted by a source of light; equal to the flux density per solid angle

luminously more luminously most luminously adv
lumineusement
In a luminous manner, brightly, glowingly.

lummox /ˈlʌməks/ lummoxes n
abruti empoté goujat mufle rustre
(informal) A clumsy, stupid person; an awkward bungler.

lump /lʌmp/ lumps n
protubérance bosse masse monceau motte renflement
Something that protrudes, sticks out, or sticks together; a cluster or blob; a mound or mass of no particular shape.
forfait lot paquet
A group, set, or unit.
morceau
A small, shaped mass of sugar, typically about a teaspoonful.

lump in one's throat n
avoir la gorge nouée avoir la gorge serrée boule dans la gorge nœud dans la gorge
(idiom) Strong emotion, either happy or sad, causing someone to be on the verge of crying; a sensation of tightness in the throat associated with this.

lump sum lump sums n
somme forfaitaire
A relatively large single payment of money often paid and received instead of, or in addition to, a sequence of smaller payments.

lumpenproletariat /lʊm.pən.pɹəʊ.lə.ˈtɛː.ɹi.ət/ lumpenproletariats n
lumpenproletariat
(Marxism) The lowest stratum of the proletariat, whose mental and physical health, mores and morale have deteriorated, through exploitation by the bourgeoisie, to a degree where they cannot build class consciousness and hence cannot be mobilized for the revolution.

lumpsucker lumpsuckers n
lompe grosse poule de mer
Any of the scorpaeniform fish in the family Cyclopteridae, with adhesive pelvic discs.

lumpy /ˈlʌmpi/ lumpier lumpiest adj
grumeleux
Full of lumps, not smooth.

lunacy /ˈljuː.nə.si/ /ˈluː.nə.si/ lunacies n
folie
(of a person or group of people) The state of being mad, insanity

lunar /ˈl(j)uːnə/ /ˈlunɚ/ adj
lunaire sélénite
(astronomy) Of or pertaining to travel through space between the Earth and the Moon, or exploration and scientific investigation of the Moon.

lunar calendar lunar calendars n
calendrier lunaire
A calendar that measures the passage of the year according to the phases of the moon, as opposed to the revolution of the earth around the sun; a calendar of the lunar year.

lunar eclipse lunar eclipses n
éclipse lunaire
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when the Earth casts a shadow over the Moon.

lunar orbit lunar orbits n
orbite de la lune orbite lunaire
The orbit of the Moon around the Earth. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

lunar phase lunar phases n
phase lunaire
(astronomy) Any of the near-monthly cyclically occurring aspects or appearances presented by a moon#Noun as seen from its planet (unless otherwise specified, the Moon as seen from Earth).

lunar year lunar years n
année lunaire
a year determined by a certain number of phases of the moon, as opposed to the passage of the Earth around the sun

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ more lunatic most lunatic adj
lunatique
Crazed, mad, insane, demented.

lunatic /ˈluːnətɪk/ lunatics n
aliéné aliénée dément démente déséquilibré lunatique
An insane person.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] lunches n
déjeuner dîner lunch
A light meal usually eaten around midday, notably when not as main meal of the day.

lunch /lʌnt͡ʃ/ /lʌnʃ/ [lʌ̃nt͡ʃ] v
déjeuner luncher prendre déjeuner
(transitive) To treat to lunch.

lunchbox lunchboxes n
panier repas
A container for transporting meals, especially lunch.

lunchbreak lunchbreaks n
pause-déjeuner
A period of rest from work for the purpose of eating lunch.

lundehund lundehunds n
chien norvegien de macareux
a spitz dog originating in Norway, traditionally used for hunting puffin.

lung /ˈlʌŋ/ lungs n
poumon
(anatomy) A biological organ of vertebrates that controls breathing and oxygenates the blood.

lung cancer lung cancers n
cancer du poumon
Cancer of the lung(s).

lunge /lʌnd͡ʒ/ lunges n
bond
A sudden forward movement, especially with a sword.
fente
An exercise performed by stepping forward one leg while kneeling with the other leg, then returning to a standing position.

lunge line lunge lines n
longe
(British) A rope-like piece of equipment, usually 20 feet or longer in length, attached to the bridle, lungeing cavesson, or halter of a horse to provide control while lungeing.

lungeing cavesson lungeing cavessons n
caveçon
a special type of halter or headcollar with extra rings on the noseband for attaching a lunge line (or rein)

lungeing rein lungeing reins n
longe
A piece of cotton or nylon webbing, usually around 25mm wide by about 20 metres (or longer) in length, attached with a swivel to the bridle, lungeing cavesson, or headcollar of a horse to provide control while exercising or training it.

lungfish lungfish lungfishes n
dipneuste
air-breathing fish, of the class Dipnoi, that have four limblike appendages instead of fins

lungi lungis n
lungi
A garment worn around the waist, especially by men, in Southern India, Bangladesh, Burma, and Pakistan.

lunisolar adj
lunisolaire

lunisolar calendar lunisolar calendars n
calendrier luni-solaire
A calendar based on the movement of the Earth and the Moon around the Sun, which defines the year.

lunula lunulae lunulæ n
lunule
(anatomy) Something shaped like a crescent or half-moon; especially the pale area at the base of the fingernail.

lupin /ˈluːpɪn/ lupins n
lupin
Any member of the genus Lupinus in the family Fabaceae.
A lupin bean, a yellow legume seed of a Lupinus plant (usually Lupinus luteus), used as feed for sheep and cattle and commonly eaten in the Mediterranean area and in Latin America although toxic if prepared improperly.

lupine /ˈluː.paɪn/ more lupine most lupine adj
lupin
Wolflike; wolfish.
Having the characteristics of a wolf.
vorace
Ravenous.

lupus /ˈluːpəs/ n
lupus
(pathology) Any of a number of autoimmune diseases, the most common of which is systemic lupus erythematosus.

lur /ˈlʊə(ɹ)/ lurs n
lur
(musical instruments, historical) A long natural blowing horn without finger holes, played by embouchure.

lurch /lɝt͡ʃ/ lurches n
embardée
A sudden or unsteady movement.

lurch /lɝt͡ʃ/ v
faire une embardée
To make such a sudden, unsteady movement.

lure /l(j)ʊə/ /lɔɹ/ /lɔː(ɹ)/ /lɜː/ /lɝ/ /lʊəɹ/ lures n
attrait
(also, figurative) Something that tempts or attracts, especially one with a promise of reward or pleasure.
leurre
(fishing) An artificial bait attached to a fishing line to attract fish.

lure /l(j)ʊə/ /lɔɹ/ /lɔː(ɹ)/ /lɜː/ /lɝ/ /lʊəɹ/ v
leurrer attirer séduire
(intransitive) To attract by temptation, appeal, or guile.
(transitive) To attract fish with a lure.
(transitive, falconry) To recall a hawk with a lure.

lurid /ˈl(j)ʊə.ɹɪd/ /ˈlɔɹɪd/ /ˈlʊɹɪd/ more lurid most lurid adj
choquant choquante
Shocking, horrifying, especially when it comes to violence or sex.
blafard blême livide
Ghastly, pale, wan in appearance.
jaunâtre
Being of a light yellow hue.

lurk /lɜːk/ /lɝk/ v
se cacher s'embusquer
To remain concealed in order to ambush.
se cacher se dissimuler
To remain unobserved.
traîner
To hang out or wait around a location, preferably without drawing attention to oneself.

lurker /ˈlɜː.kə/ /ˈlɝ.kɚ/ lurkers n
rôdeur rôdeuse
One who lurks.

lush /lʌʃ/ lushes n
alcoolique
(slang, pejorative) A drunkard, sot, alcoholic.

lust /lʌst/ lusts n
luxure concupiscence
A feeling of strong desire, especially such a feeling driven by sexual arousal.
convoitise
(archaic) A general want or longing, not necessarily sexual.

lust /lʌst/ v
désirer joie
(intransitive, usually in the phrase "lust after") To look at or watch with a strong desire, especially of a sexual nature.

luster /ˈlʌstɚ/ lusters n
splendeur
lustre éclat
The ability or condition of shining when light is applied, inclusive of shine, sheen, polish, gloss, sparkle, etc.
éclat
(figurative) Shining beauty, splendor, attractiveness or attraction.

lustful /ˈlʌst.fəl/ more lustful most lustful adj
lubrique lascif
Full of lust; driven by lust.

lustration /lʌsˈtɹeɪʃən/ lustrations n
lustration
(religion) A rite of purification, especially washing.
(politics, law) The restoration of credibility to a government by the purging of perpetrators of crimes committed under an earlier regime.

lustrous more lustrous most lustrous adj
brillant lustré
Having a glow or lustre.

lustrum /ˈlʌstɹəm/ lustra lustrums n
lustre
(historical) A lustration: a ceremonial purification of the people of Rome performed every five years after the census. [from late 16th c.]

lute /l(j)uːt/ /luːt/ /lɪu̯t/ lutes n
luth
A fretted stringed instrument, similar to the guitar, having a bowl-shaped body or soundbox; any of a wide variety of chordophones with a pear-shaped body and a neck whose upper surface is in the same plane as the soundboard, with strings along the neck and parallel to the soundboard.

luteal adj
lutéal
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the corpus luteum

lutein luteins n
lutéine
(organic compound) A yellow carotenoid pigment, widely distributed in both plants and animals.

lutetium /ljuːˈtiːʃiəm/ n
lutécium lutétium
A chemical element (symbol Lu) with an atomic number of 71, a silvery-white metal which resists corrosion in dry air.

luthier /ˈljuː.ti.ə/ /ˈluː.ti.ə/ /ˈluː.ti.ɚ/ /ˈluː.θi.ɚ/ luthiers n
luthier
A person who, or a business which, makes or repairs stringed wooden musical instruments, such as lutes, violins, and guitars.

lutz /lʌts/ lutzes n
lutz
(figure skating) A jump in which the skater takes off from the back outside edge of one skate, rotates counterclockwise and lands on the back outside edge of the other skate.

lux /lʌks/ lux luxes n
lux
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of illuminance or illumination; one lumen per square metre. Symbol: lx

luxuriant /-ɔːɹi.ənt/ /-ɝi.ənt/ /ləkˈʃʊɹi.ənt/ /ləɡ-/ /ləɡˈʒʊɹi.ənt/ /lʌɡˈzjʊəɹi.ənt/ /lʌɡˈʒʊəɹi.ənt/ more luxuriant most luxuriant adj
luxuriant
Abundant in growth or detail.

luxurious /lʌkˈsjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌkˈʃʊɹ.i.əs/ /lʌɡˈzjʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊə.ɹɪəs/ /lʌɡˈʒʊɹ.i.əs/ more luxurious most luxurious adj
luxueux
Very fine in quality and comfortable.
de luxe
(dated) Enjoying the pleasures of luxury.

luxuriously more luxuriously most luxuriously adv
luxueusement
In a manner that involves luxury; in an expensive or indulgent manner.

luxury /ˈlʌk.ʃə.ɹi/ /ˈlʌkʃəɹi/ /ˈlʌɡʒəɹi/ luxuries n
luxe
Very wealthy and comfortable surroundings.
Something desirable but expensive.
Something that is pleasant but not necessary in life.

luxury good luxury goods n
produit de luxe
A product or service that is not considered essential to everyday life and is associated with affluence.

ly lys n
A.L. AL a.l. al

lycaenid lycaenids n
lycénidé
A member of the taxonomic family Lycaenidae, the gossamer-winged butterflies.

lycanthropy /laɪˈkanθɹəpi/ lycanthropies n
lycanthropie
(mythology) The state of being a lycanthrope (or werewolf), a person who can shapeshift between the form of a human being and a wolf, often said to happen involuntarily during a full moon; werewolfdom.
(mythology, by extension) The state of being a person who can shapeshift between the form of a human being and an animal, whether or not it is a wolf.

lych-gate lych-gates n
porche de cimetière
A churchyard gateway with a roof, under which a corpse was laid during a funeral to await the arrival of the clergyman.

lychee /laɪ̯ˈt͡ʃiː/ /ˈlaɪ̯t͡ʃi/ /ˈlit͡ʃi/ lychees n
litchi letchi li-tchi
The Chinese tropical fruit tree Litchi chinensis, of the soapberry family.

lycée lycées n
lycée
A public secondary school in France.

lye /laɪ/ lyes n
hydroxyde de sodium
lessive de soude potasse potasse caustique soude soude caustique
An alkaline liquid made by leaching ashes (usually wood ashes).
Potassium or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda).

lymph /lɪmf/ lymphs n
lymphe
(physiology) A colourless, watery, coagulable bodily fluid which bathes the tissues and is carried by the lymphatic system into the bloodstream; it resembles blood plasma in containing white blood cells and especially lymphocytes but normally few red blood cells and no platelets.

lymph node lymph nodes n
ganglion lymphatique nœud lymphatique
(anatomy, immunology) Each of the small oval bodies of the lymphatic system, distributed along the lymphatic vessels, that are clustered in the armpits, groin, neck, chest and abdomen. They act as filters, with an internal honeycomb of connective tissue filled with lymphocytes and macrophages that collect and destroy bacteria, viruses and foreign matter from lymph. When the body is fighting an infection, these lymphocytes multiply rapidly and produce a characteristic swelling of the lymph nodes.

lymphatic more lymphatic most lymphatic adj
lymphatique
(anatomy) Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system.

lymphatic system lymphatic systems n
système lymphatique
(anatomy) In mammals, including humans, a network of lymph vessels and lymph nodes that transport fluid, fats, proteins, and lymphocytes to the bloodstream as lymph, and remove microorganisms and other debris from tissues.

lymphedema lymphedemas n
lymphœdème
(medicine) The swelling of tissue due to retention of fluid in the lymph vessels.

lymphocyte lymphocytes n
lymphocyte
(cytology, immunology) Any of several types of white blood cell with a spherical nucleus occurring in the lymphatic system, including B cells, T cells and natural killer cells.

lymphoma /lɪmˈfoʊ.mə/ lymphomas lymphomata n
lymphome
(oncology, pathology) A malignant tumor that arises in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissue.

lynch /lɪnt͡ʃ/ v
lyncher
To execute (somebody) without a proper legal trial or procedure, especially by hanging and backed by a mob.

lynching /lɪnt͡ʃɪŋ/ lynchings n
lynchage
Execution of a person by mob action without due process of law, especially by hanging.

lynx /lɪŋks/ lynx lynxes n
lynx loup-cervier
Any of several medium-sized wild cats, mostly of the genus Lynx.

lyo- prefix
lyo-

lyonnaise /ˌlaɪ.əˈneɪz/ /ˌliː.əˈneɪz/ adj
lyonnais
Prepared in a style typical to Lyon.

lyophilization lyophilizations n
lyophilisation
freeze-drying; the removal of moisture from a frozen material using vacuum

lyophilize v
lyophiliser
To freeze-dry

lyophilized adj
lyophilisé

lyre /laɪɹ/ /ˈlaɪ.ə/ /ˈlaɪ.ɚ/ lyres n
lyre
An ancient stringed musical instrument (a yoke lute chordophone) of Greek origin, consisting of two arms extending from a body to a crossbar (a yoke), and strings, parallel to the soundboard, connecting the body to the yoke.
A lyre-shaped sheet music holder that attaches to a wind instrument when a music stand is impractical.

lyric poetry n
lyrique lyrisme
(This entry is a translation hub.)

lyricist /ˈlɪɹ.ɪsɪst/ lyricists n
parolier
A person who writes the lyrics of a song.

lyrics /ˈlɪɹ.ɪks/ n
paroles
The words to a song (or other vocal music).

lysergic acid diethylamide n
diéthylamide de l'acide lysergique
(organic compound) A powerful synthetic hallucinogen, commonly abbreviated LSD.

lysine lysines n
lysine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid, C6H14N2O2.

lysis /ˈlaɪsɪs/ n
rémission
(medicine, pathology) A gradual recovery from disease (opposed to crisis).
lyse
(biochemistry) The disintegration or destruction of cells.

lysogen lysogens n
bactérie lysogène

lysosome /ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊm/ lysosomes n
lysosome
(cytology) An organelle found in all types of animal cells which contains a large range of digestive enzymes capable of splitting most biological macromolecules.

lyxose lyxoses n
lyxose
(carbohydrate) An aldopentose found in some bacteria.

m'kay /mːˈkeɪ/ [ŋˈkeɪ] interjection
m’kay m’voyez
(informal) Okay; an expression of acknowledgment or affirmation, now sometimes used in an ironic or condescending sense.

mRNA mRNAs n
ARNm
(uncountable, biochemistry) Initialism of messenger RNA.
(countable, biochemistry) A strand of messenger RNA.

ma /mɑː/ n
maman
(colloquial) The landlady of a theater.

macabre /məˈkɑb/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɚ/ /ˌməˈkɑ.bɹə/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bə(ɹ)/ /ˌməˈkɑː.bɹə/ more macabre most macabre adj
macabre
Representing or personifying death.
macabre gothique morbide thanatophile
Obsessed with death or the gruesome.
macabre horrible effrayant funeste funèbre lugubre
Ghastly, shocking, terrifying.

macadamia /mækəˈdeɪmi.ə/ /mækəˈdeɪmjə/ macadamias n
macadamia
An evergreen tree, of the genus Macadamia, native to Australia and cultivated in Hawaii.

macadamia nut macadamia nuts n
noix de macadamia
The hard-shelled edible seed of the macadamia tree.

macaque /məˈkæk/ /məˈkɑk/ /məˈkɑːk/ macaques n
macaque
Any of a group of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, especially genus Macaca.

macaron /mækəˈɹɒn/ /mɑkəˈɹoʊn/ macarons n
macaron
Any of various confections made with almond and egg white, traditionally made in France.

macaroni /mɑk.əˈɹəʊ.ni/ /ˌmækəˈɹoʊni/ macaronies macaronis n
macaronis
(uncountable) A type of pasta in the form of short tubes; sometimes loosely, pasta in general. [from 17th c.]

macaroni penguin macaroni penguins n
gorfou doré
A species of penguins, Eudyptes chrysolophus, with distinctive yellow and black plumes on the top of their heads.

macaronic /ˌmækəˈɹɑnɪk/ more macaronic most macaronic adj
bâtard
(archaic) Jumbled, mixed.
macaronique
(literature) Written in a hodgepodge mixture of two or more languages.

macaronic /ˌmækəˈɹɑnɪk/ macaronics n
amphigouri charabia galimatias
(literature) A work of macaronic character.

macaronism macaronisms n
macaronisme
Macaronic language.

macaroon /ˌmæk.əɹˈuːn/ /ˌmæk.əˈɹun/ macaroons n
congolais rocher coco
A soft biscuit or cookie prepared with almond or coconut dough.

macaw /məˈkɑ/ /məˈkɔ/ /məˈkɔː/ macaws n
ara
Any of various parrots of the genera Ara, Anodorhynchus, Cyanopsitta, Orthopsittaca, Primolius and Diopsittaca of Central and South America, including the largest parrots and characterized by long sabre-shaped tails, curved powerful bills, and usually brilliant plumage.

macchia /ˈmæk.ɪa/ n
maquis
A shrubland biota in Mediterranean countries, typically consisting of densely-growing evergreen shrubs.

macchiato /ˌmækiˈɑːtəʊ/ /ˌmɑkiˈɑtoʊ/ macchiatos n
macchiato
Espresso topped with steamed milk.

mace /meɪs/ maces n
macis
A spice obtained from the outer layer of the kernel of the fruit of the nutmeg.
masse masse d'armes
A ceremonial form of this weapon.

macerate /ˈmæs.ə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈmæs.ə.ɹɪt/ v
macérer
To soften (something) or separate it into pieces by soaking it in a heated or unheated liquid.

maceration /mæsəˈɹeɪʃən/ macerations n
macération
The act or process of macerating.

macerator /ˈmæsəˌɹeɪtə/ /ˈmæsəˌɹeɪtɚ/ macerators n
broyeur
A machine that reduces solids to small pieces.

machaca machacas n
fulgore porte-lanterne

machete /məˈt͡ʃɛ.ti/ /məˈʃɛ.ti/ machetes n
machette coupe-coupe
A sword-like tool used for cutting large plants with a chopping motion, or as a weapon. The blade is usually 50 to 65 centimeters long, and up to three millimeters thick.

machicolation /məˌtʃɪkəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /məˌt͡ʃɪkəˈleɪʃən/ machicolations n
mâchicoulis
(architectural element) An opening between corbels that support a projecting parapet, or in the floor of a gallery or the roof of a portal, of a fortified building from which missiles can be shot or heated items dropped upon assailants attacking the base of the walls.

machination /ˌmækɪˈneɪʃən/ /ˌmæʃɪˈneɪʃən/ machinations n
machination
A clever scheme or artful plot, usually crafted for evil purposes.

machine /məˈʃin/ /məˈʃiːn/ machines n
machine
A device that directs and controls energy, often in the form of movement or electricity, to produce a certain effect.
(historical) A contrivance in the Ancient Greek theatre for indicating a change of scene, by means of which a god might cross the stage or deliver a divine message; the deus ex machina.

machine /məˈʃin/ /məˈʃiːn/ v
usiner
To make by machinery.

machine code machine codes n
code machine
(computer science) Machine language instructions that can be executed directly by a computer's central processing unit.

machine gun machine guns n
mitrailleuse
A type of fully automatic firearm that fires bullets in rapid succession by a single action of the trigger and is capable of sustained fire.

machine language machine languages n
langage machine code machine
(programming) The set of instructions that a particular computer is designed to execute; generated from an assembly language by an assembler, or from a high-level language by a compiler or interpreter.

machine learning n
apprentissage automatique
(artificial intelligence) A field of study concerned with the design and development of algorithms and techniques that allow computers to learn.

machine operator machine operators n
machiniste
A person who operates machinery.

machine tool /məˈʃiːn ˈtuːl/ machine tools n
machine-outil
(mechanical engineering) A tool, typically a power-driven machine and typically stationary, used especially for machining (removing hard material via cutting, grinding, or other subtractive processes) and (more broadly) for any mix of subtractive, forming/stamping, or additive work.

machine translation machine translations n
traduction automatique
(translation studies) The act of translating something from one language to another by means of a machine, especially a computer.

machine-gunner machine-gunners n
mitrailleur mitrailleuse
(military unit) Someone who uses a machine gun.

machinery /məˈʃiːnəɹi/ machineries n
machines parc de machines
The machines constituting a production apparatus, in a plant etc., collectively.
machinerie pièces
The working parts of a machine as a group.
mécanique machinerie
The collective parts of something which allow it to function.

machinist /məˈʃiː.nɪst/ machinists n
machiniste
A person employed to shift scenery in a theater.

machismo /mɑːˈt͡ʃiz.moʊ/ /məˈkɪz.məʊ/ /məˈt͡ʃiz.moʊ/ machismos n
machisme
exaggerated masculinity

macho /ˈmæt͡ʃ.əʊ/ /ˈmɑː.t͡ʃoʊ/ more macho most macho adj
macho
(informal) Masculine in an overly assertive or aggressive way.

macho /ˈmæt͡ʃ.əʊ/ /ˈmɑː.t͡ʃoʊ/ machos n
macho

mackerel /ˈmæk(ə)ɹəl/ mackerel mackerels n
maquereau
Certain smaller edible fish, principally true mackerel and Spanish mackerel in family Scombridae, often speckled,

mackerel sky mackerel skies n
ciel moutonné
A sky filled with a regular pattern of altocumulus clouds somewhat resembling the skin of a mackerel.

macramé /məˈkɹɑːmeɪ/ /məˈkɹɑːmi/ /ˈmækɹəˌmeɪ/ macramés n
macramé
A form of decorative textile made by knotting and weaving.

macro /ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ /ˈmæk.ɹəʊ/ adj
macro-
Very large in scope or scale.

macro /ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ /ˈmæk.ɹəʊ/ macros n
macro macro-commande
(programming) A comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program.

macro lens macro lenses n
objectif macro
(photography) A lens that allows a camera to focus at very close range to photograph small objects.

macro- /ˈmæk.ɹoʊ/ /ˈmæk.ɹəʊ/ prefix
macro-
large

macrobiotic more macrobiotic most macrobiotic adj
macrobiotique
Of a lifestyle incorporating a dietary regimen including locally grown, seasonal, natural foods, or of the diet itself.

macroblock macroblocks n
macrobloc
(signal processing, video compression) A block of adjacent pixels, typically a rectangular 16×16 block

macrocephaly macrocephalies n
macrocéphalie
(medicine) A condition in which the head is abnormally large.

macrocosm /ˈmæk.ɹə(ʊ)ˌkɒz.əm/ /ˈmæk.ɹəˌkɑz.əm/ macrocosms n
macrocosme
(philosophy) A complex structure, such as a society, considered as a single entity that contains numerous similar, smaller-scale structures.

macrocosmic adj
macrocosmique
Of or pertaining to the macrocosm (universe).

macrocyte macrocytes n
macrocyte
(hematology, cytology) an unusually large red blood cell that is associated with pernicious anemia

macroeconomic /ˌmækɹoʊˌɛkəˈnɑːmɪk/ /ˌmækɹəʊˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/ more macroeconomic most macroeconomic adj
macroéconomique
Relating to macroeconomics.

macroeconomics /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌiː.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ /ˌmæk.ɹoʊˌɛ.kəˈnɒ.mɪks/ n
macroéconomie
The study of the entire economy in terms of the total amount of goods and services produced, total income earned, the level of employment of productive resources, and the general behavior of prices.

macrogamete macrogametes n
macrogamète
(cytology) The larger of a pair of anisogamous, conjugating gametes; the female ovule in plants or ovum for animals.

macrography n
macrographie

macrometeorology n
macrométéorologie
(meteorology) The study of the large-scale behaviour of the atmosphere

macron /ˈmeɪkɹɑn/ /ˈmeɪkɹɒn/ /ˈmækɹɑn/ /ˈmækɹɒn/ macra macrons n
macron
(orthography) A short, straight, horizontal diacritical mark (◌̄) placed over a letter, usually to indicate that the pronunciation of a vowel is long. [from 19th c.]

macron below macrons below n
macron souscrit
A diacritical mark whose appearance is of a macron, and is placed below the letter.

macrophage macrophages n
macrophage
(immunology, cytology) A white blood cell that phagocytizes necrotic cell debris and foreign material, including viruses, bacteria, and tattoo ink. It presents foreign antigens on MHC II to lymphocytes. Part of the innate immune system.

macrophanerophyte macrophanerophytes n
macrophanérophyte
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 30 and 50 metres in height

macrophotography n
macrophotographie
Photography that is done up close; close-up photography.

macrophyte /ˈmakɹə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˈmækɹəˌfaɪt/ macrophytes n
macrophyte
(biology) Any normal macroscopic plant, especially an aquatic one.

macroprudential adj
macroprudentiel
(economics) Relating to systemic prudence, especially to the strengths and vulnerabilities of financial systems.

macroscopic adj
macroscopique
Visible to the unassisted eye.

macrospore macrospores n
macrospore
One of the specially large spores of certain flowerless plants, as Selaginella, etc.

macula /ˈmækjʊlə/ maculae maculas n
macula macula lutea
(anatomy) An oval yellow spot near the center of the retina of the human eye, histologically defined as having two or more layers of ganglion cells, responsible for detailed central vision.

maculate more maculate most maculate adj
impur
Defiled; impure.

mad /ˈmæd/ /ˈmæːd/ madder maddest adj
fou folle fol
(chiefly, British Isles) Insane; crazy, mentally deranged.
en colère fâché
(chiefly, US; informal in UK) Angry, annoyed.

mad cow mad cows n
maladie de la vache folle vache folle
(countable) A cow afflicted with mad cow disease.

mad cow disease n
maladie de la vache folle vache folle
(colloquial, veterinary, pathology) Synonym of bovine spongiform encephalopathy

mad scientist mad scientists n
savant fou savante folle
A stock character in popular fiction; a bumbling scientist working on unlikely ways to save the world, or a villainous one bent on destroying it.

madam /məˈdam/ /məˈdæm/ /ˈmeɪd.əm/ /ˈmæd.əm/ madams mesdames n
madame
A polite form of address for a woman or lady.
maquerelle mère maquerelle souteneuse tenancière tenancière d’une maison close
(slang) A woman who runs a brothel, particularly one that specializes in finding prostitutes for rich and important clients.

madarosis n
madarose
(medicine, dermatology) The loss of eyebrows or eyelashes.

maddah maddahs n
madda
Arabic diacritic similar in appearance to a tilde. Over an alif (آ "alif maddah"), it indicates glottal stop, /ʔ/, followed by a long /aː/. The diacritic is not used separately, only over alif. Alif maddah can appear in the beginning: آسِف or in the middle of a word: قُرْآن.

madder /ˈmædə(ɹ)/ /ˈmædɚ/ [ˈmadə(ɹ)] [ˈmæɾɚ] adj
garance
Of a deep reddish purple colour, like that of the dye.

madder /ˈmædə(ɹ)/ /ˈmædɚ/ [ˈmadə(ɹ)] [ˈmæɾɚ] madders n
garance
A dye made from the plant.
A deep reddish purple colour, like that of the dye.

made for each other adj
faits l'un pour l'autre
(idiomatic, of two persons) Well suited to be in a relationship with one another, especially as romantic or marital partners.

made in China adj
fabriqué en Chine
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Manufactured in the People's Republic of China.

made in Japan adj
fabriqué au Japon
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Manufactured in Japan.

made-to-measure adj
sur mesure
Designed and made to individual specifications. (usually of men's clothing)

madeleine /ˈmad(ə)lɛn/ /ˈmad(ə)lɪn/ /ˈmædələn/ /ˌmædəˈleɪn/ madeleines n
madeleine
A French type of small gateau or sponge cake, often shaped like an elongated scallop shell.

mademoiselle mademoiselles mesdemoiselles n
mademoiselle
Courtesy title for an unmarried woman in France or a French-speaking country.

madhhab [ˈmæð.hæb] madhhabs n
madhab madhhab mazhab

madly /ˈmædli/ madlier madliest more madly most madly adv
follement
In a mad manner

madman madmen n
fou insensé
A male who is insane or mentally disturbed.

madness /ˈmad.nəs/ /ˈmæd.nəs/ /ˈmæd.nɪs/ /ˈmɛd.nɘs/ madnesses n
folie
The state of being mad; insanity; mental disease.

madras /məˈdɹæs/ /ˈmædɹəs/ madrases n
madras
A brightly colored cotton fabric with a checked or striped pattern.

madrasah /məˈdɹæsə/ madaris madrasahs n
médersa
(Islam) A school for any kind of teaching, at any grade level; usually specifically a school that teaches Islamic theology.

madrigal /ˈmæd͡ɹɪɡəl/ madrigals n
madrigal
(music) A song for a small number of unaccompanied voices; from 13th century Italy.
(music) A polyphonic song for about six voices, from 16th century Italy.
(poetry) A short poem, often pastoral, and suitable to be set to music.

madrigalist madrigalists n
madrigalier madrigaliste madrigalière
A composer of madrigals.

madwoman madwomen n
folle
A woman who is insane.

maelstrom /-stɹɒm/ /-ˌstɹəm/ /-ˌztɹɔm/ /-ˌztɹəm/ /ˈmeɪlˌstɹɔm/ /ˈmeɪlˌstɹəm/ /ˈmælˌstɹəm/ maelstroms n
maëlstrom tourbillon
A large and violent whirlpool.

maenad /ˈmiː.næd/ maenades maenads n
ménade
(Greek mythology) A female follower of Dionysus, associated with intense reveling.

mafe n
mafé
An African meat stew thickened with ground peanuts.

mafia /ˈmæfi.ə/ /ˈmɑfi.ə/ mafias n
mafia
A crime syndicate.

mafoo /ˈmɑːfuː/ mafoos n
mafou
In China, someone who looks after horses in a stable; a groom. [from 19th c.]

mag wheel mag wheels n
roue en alliage
(automotive, originally late 1950s and into 1960s) A wheel for a motor vehicle, made from an alloy of magnesium, typically lighter and offering better heat conduction than steel wheels.

magazine /mæɡ.əˈziːn/ /ˈmæɡ.ə.ziːn/ magazines n
magazine revue
A non-academic periodical publication, generally consisting of sheets of paper folded in half and stapled at the fold.
arsenal
(military) An ammunition storehouse.
magasin
A chamber in or attachable to a firearm enabling multiple rounds of ammunition to be fed into the firearm.

mage /meɪd͡ʒ/ mages magi n
mage
(chiefly, fantasy) A magician, wizard or sorcerer.

magenta /məˈd͡ʒɛntə/ magentas n
magenta
A colour which is close to an equal mixture of red and blue which is n additive secondary colour but a subtractive primary colour evoked by the combination of red and blue light.

maggot /ˈmæɡət/ maggots n
asticot larve
A soft, legless larva of a fly or other dipterous insect, that often eats decomposing organic matter. [from 15th c.]

maggot therapy n
asticothérapie
A type of biotherapy in which live, disinfected maggots are introduced into the wound of a human or animal to clean out the necrotic tissue therein.

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ adj
ensorcelé magique

magic /ˈmad͡ʒɪk/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪk/ magics n
sorcelerie
magie magique
The application of rituals or actions, especially those based on occult knowledge, to subdue or manipulate natural or supernatural beings and forces in order to have some benefit from them. [from 14th c.]
magie
A specific ritual or procedure associated with such magic; a spell; a magical ability. [from 14th c.]
A conjuring trick or illusion performed to give the appearance of supernatural phenomena or powers. [from 19th c.]

magic bullet magic bullets n
formule magique panacée remède miracle solution miracle
(idiomatic) A simple remedy for a difficult or complex problem, especially a cure for a disease.

magic carpet magic carpets n
tapis volant
(fiction) A carpet capable either of magical flight, or instantaneous transport from one place to another, used as a means of travel.
tapis roulant
(skiing) A conveyor belt to transport skiers/snowboarders.

magic lamp magic lamps n
lanterne magique
(Arab folklore, Arabic fiction and derived works) An oil lamp that can be rubbed in order to summon a genie who grants wishes.

magic lantern magic lanterns n
lanterne magique
(historical) An early light projector and precursor to the slide projector that could achieve simple animation by moving and merging images.

magic mushroom magic mushrooms n
champi champignon hallucinogène
(informal) Any mushroom-like fungus that has psychedelic effects.

magic square magic squares n
carré magique
(number theory) An n-by-n arrangement of n2 numbers such that the numbers in each row, in each column and along both diagonals all have the same sum.

magic trick magic tricks n
tour de magie
A remarkable act carried out purportedly by magical means but in reality performed by trickery or illusion, generally as a form of entertainment.

magic wand magic wands n
baguette magique
A wand, usually made of wood, that is used to perform magic.

magic word /ˌmædʒɪk ˈwɜːd/ /ˌmædʒɪk ˈwɝd/ magic words n
formule magique incantation
Any word that has a magical effect when uttered.
mot magique
(in teaching polite behaviour to children) One of the words please, thank you, or hello.

magical /ˈmæd͡ʒɪkəl/ more magical most magical adj
magique
Of, relating to, or by means of magic.

magical girl magical girls n
magical girl
In Japanese anime and manga, a young girl with superhuman abilities who is called upon to fight evil.

magically /ˈmæd͡ʒɪkli/ more magically most magically adv
magiquement par magie
In a magical manner; by magic, or as if by magic.

magician /məˈd͡ʒɪʃən/ magicianess magicians n
magicienne sorcier
magicien
A person who plays with or practices allegedly supernatural magic.
A performer of tricks or an escapologist or an illusionist.

magicianess magicianesses n
magicienne
(rare) A female magician.

magister /ˈmæd͡ʒɪstə(ɹ)/ magisters n
maître professeur
The possessor of a master's degree.

magisterial /madʒɪˈstɪəɹɪəl/ more magisterial most magisterial adj
magistériel magistérielle
Pertaining to, produced by, or of the nature of, magistery.

magistrate /ˈmæd͡ʒɪstɹeɪt/ /ˈmæd͡ʒɪstɹət/ magistrates n
magistrat
(legal) A judicial officer with limited authority to administer and enforce the law. A magistrate's court may have jurisdiction in civil or criminal cases, or both.
(historical) A high official of the state or a municipality in ancient Greece or Rome.

magma /ˈmæɡ.mə/ magmas magmata n
magma
(geology) The molten matter within the earth, the source of the material of lava flows, dikes of eruptive rocks, etc.
(mathematics) A basic algebraic structure consisting of a set equipped with a single binary operation.

magma chamber magma chambers n
chambre magmatique
(geology) A large underground pool of molten rock lying under the surface of the earth's crust.

magmatic /maɡˈmatɪk/ adj
magmatique
Pertaining to magma or magmatism.

magnanimity /ˌmæɡnəˈnɪmɪti/ magnanimities n
magnanimité
The quality of being magnanimous; greatness of mind; elevation or dignity of soul.

magnanimous /mæɡˈnæn.ɪ.məs/ more magnanimous most magnanimous adj
magnanime
Noble and generous in spirit.

magnanimously more magnanimously most magnanimously adv
magnanimement
In a magnanimous manner

magnate /ˈmæɡneɪt/ /ˈmæɡnət/ magnates n
magnat
Powerful industrialist; captain of industry.

magnesemia n
magnésémie
(physiology, especially, in combination) The presence of magnesium in the blood, and (usually, especially) the degree (that is, its concentration).

magnesian more magnesian most magnesian adj
magnésien
Containing magnesia (magnesium oxide)

magnesite magnesites n
magnésite
(mineral) A form of magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, occurring as dolomite (with calcite) but rarely found in the pure state.

magnesium /ˌmæɡˈnizi.əm/ /ˌmæɡˈniʒəm/ /ˌmæɡˈniːzi.əm/ n
magnésium
The chemical element (symbol Mg) with an atomic number of 12. It is a light, easily flammable, silvery-white alkaline earth metal.

magnesium chloride n
chlorure de magnésium
(inorganic compound) The magnesium salt of hydrochloric acid, MgCl2; it has many industrial applications including the electrolytic production of magnesium metal.

magnesium oxide n
oxyde de magnésium magnésie
(inorganic compound) A white powder (MgO) with a high melting point; it occurs naturally as periclase, an ore of magnesium.

magnet /ˈmæɡnət/ /ˈmæɡnɪt/ magnets n
aimant
A piece of material that attracts some metals by magnetism.

magnet- /maɡˌniːt/ prefix
magnéto-
magnet, magnetic, magnetism

magnetar magnetars n
magnétar
(star) A neutron star or pulsar with an extremely powerful magnetic field, especially those on which starquakes occur, thought to be the source of some gamma-ray bursts.

magnetic /mæɡˈnɛtɪk/ more magnetic most magnetic adj
magnétique
Of, relating to, operating by, or caused by magnetism.
Having the properties of a magnet, especially the ability to draw or pull.
Determined by earth's magnetic fields.
Having an extraordinary ability to attract.

magnetic compass magnetic compasses n
boussole magnétique
(military, nautical) An instrument containing a freely suspended magnetic element which displays the direction of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field at the point of observation.

magnetic field magnetic fields n
champ magnétique
(physics) A condition in the space around a magnet or electric current in which there is a detectable magnetic force and two magnetic poles are present.

magnetic flux magnetic fluxes n
flux magnétique
(physics) A measure of the strength of a magnetic field in a given area.

magnetic flux density magnetic flux densities n
densité de flux magnétique
(physics) The measurable component of the response of a medium to the presence of a magnetic field.

magnetic moment magnetic moments n
moment magnétique
(electromagnetism) The torque exerted on a magnet within a magnetic field; a vector, being the product of the strength of the magnet and the distance between its poles.

magnetic pole magnetic poles n
pôle magnétique

magnetic tape magnetic tapes n
bande magnétique
A type of (usually) acrylic tape with a fine coating of magnetically sensitive material on one side, used for recording audio and other data.

magnetism /ˈmæɡ.nəˌtɪz.əm/ magnetisms n
magnétisme
(physics) The property of being magnetic.

magnetite /ˈmaɡnətʌɪt/ magnetites n
magnétite
(mineral) A magnetic mineral, Fe3O4, one of the primary ores of iron. It has also been called lodestone.

magnetization magnetizations n
magnétisation
The act of magnetizing, or the state of being magnetized

magnetized more magnetized most magnetized adj
magnétisé
That has been made magnetic.

magneto /maɡˈniːtəʊ/ magnetos n
magnéto

magnetoencephalography magnetoencephalographies n
magnétoencéphalographie
a technique used to measure and analyze magnetic activity in the brain

magnetohydrodynamic adj
magnétohydrodynamique
Of or pertaining to magnetohydrodynamics.

magnetometer /ˌmæɡnɪˈtɑmɪtɚ/ /ˌmæɡnɪˈtɒmɪtə/ magnetometers n
magnétomètre
(physics) An instrument used to measure the intensity and direction of a magnetic field, especially at points on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as metal detector.

magnetooptical adj
magnéto-optique
Having both magnetic and optical elements.
Describing the effect of a magnetic field on an optical system.

magnetooptics n
magnéto-optique
(physics) the branch of physics which deals with the influence of a magnetic field on optical phenomena

magnetosphere /mæɡ.ˈni.tə.ˌsfɪr/ magnetospheres n
magnétosphère
(physics) The comet-shaped region around Earth or another planet in which charged particles are trapped or deflected. Shaped by the solar wind and the planet's magnetic field.

magnetotactic more magnetotactic most magnetotactic adj
magnétotactique
(biology) Having the ability to orientate in line with a magnetic field.

magnetotaxis n
magnétotactisme magnétotaxie
(biology) The supposed ability to sense a magnetic field and coordinate movement in response, later discovered to be natural magnetism: such creatures orient themselves magnetically even after death

magnification /ˌmæɡnɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ magnifications n
agrandissement
The act of magnifying; enlargement; exaggeration.

magnificent /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/ more magnificent most magnificent adj
magnifique
Grand, elegant or splendid in appearance.

magnificently /mæɡˈnɪfɪsəntli/ more magnificently most magnificently adv
magnifiquement
In a magnificent manner.

magnify /ˈmaɡnɪfaɪ/ /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ v
agrandir
(transitive) To make (something) larger or more important. [from 14th c.]

magnifying glass magnifying glasses n
loupe verre grossissant
An instrument made of convex glass, used to magnify.

magniloquent more magniloquent most magniloquent adj
grandiloquent
Speaking pompously; using deliberately long or esoteric words.

magnitude /ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/ magnitudes n
ampleur magnitude
(uncountable, countable) The absolute or relative size, extent or importance of something.
grandeur
(mathematics) A number, assigned to something, such that it may be compared to others numerically
magnitude
(uncountable) The apparent brightness of a star, with lower magnitudes being brighter; apparent magnitude
(seismology) A measure of the energy released by an earthquake (e.g. on the Richter scale).
magnitude module
(astronomy) A logarithmic scale of brightness defined so that a difference of 5 magnitudes is a factor of 100.

magnocellular more magnocellular most magnocellular adj
magnocellulaire
(biology) Having large cells.

magnolia /ˌmæɡˈnoʊ.li.ə/ magnolias n
magnolia
(countable) The flower of a magnolia tree.

magnolia warbler magnolia warblers n
paruline à tête cendré
A warbler most commonly found in North America, of species Setophaga magnolia.

magnon magnons n
magnon
(physics) A quantum of a spin wave.

magnum /ˈmæɡnəm/ magna magnums n
magnum
A bottle containing 1.5 liters of fluid, double the volume of a standard wine bottle.

magnum opus /ˌmæɡnəm ˈoʊpəs/ /ˌmæɡnəm ˈəʊpəs/ magna opera magnum opi magnum opuses n
grand œuvre magnum opus
The best, most popular, or most renowned achievement of an author or artist, representing their major life effort.

magpie /ˈmæɡˌpaɪ/ magpies n
pie pie bavarde
One of several kinds of bird in the family Corvidae, especially Pica pica.
cassican flûteur
A superficially similar Australian bird, Gymnorhina tibicen or Cracticus tibicen.

magpie moth magpie moths n
phalène mouchetée zérène du groseillier
Abraxas grossulariata (Geometridae), of North America and Europe.

magpie-goose magpie-geese n
canaroie semipalmée
Anseranas semipalmata, the only non-extinct bird of the family Anseranatidae, resident breeder in northern Australia and southern New Guinea, having black and white plumage and yellowish legs.

magret magrets n
magret
The breast meat of the mulard duck, known for its superior quality.

magus /ˈmeɪɡəs/ magi n
mage
A magician; (derogatory) a conjurer or sorcerer, especially one who is a charlatan or trickster.
(Zoroastrianism) A Zoroastrian priest.

maharaja /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒɑ/ /ˌmɑ.hɑˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ /ˌmɑ.həˈɹɑː.d͡ʒə/ maharajas n
maharadja maharaja
A Hindu monarch ranking above a raja, an emperor.

mahjong /mɑˈd͡ʒɑŋ/ /mɑˈd͡ʒɔŋ/ /mɑˈʒɑŋ/ /mɑˈʒɔŋ/ /mɑːˈd͡ʒɒŋ/ /mɑːˈʒɒŋ/ n
mah-jong
A game (originally Chinese) for four players, using a collection of tiles divided into five or six suits.

mahleb n
mahaleb
A Middle Eastern spice derived from the pit of the mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb)

mahogany /məˈhɒɡəni/ mahoganies n
acajou mahagoni
(uncountable) The valuable wood of any of various tropical American evergreen trees, of the genus Swietenia, mostly used to make furniture. [from 17th c.]
(countable) Any of the trees from which such wood comes. [from 18th c.]
acajou
A reddish-brown color, like that of mahogany wood. [from 19th c.]
(obsolete, colloquial) A table made from mahogany wood; a dining table. [19th c.]

mahout /məˈhaʊt/ /məˈhaːʋəθ/ /məˈhut/ /məˈhuːt/ mahouts n
cornac mahout
(South Asia) An elephant trainer, keeper, and driver.

mahr mahrs n
mahr
(Islam) A mandatory gift from the groom to the bride upon marriage in Islamic cultures.

maid /meɪd/ maids n
demoiselle jeune fille
(dated, or, poetic) A girl or an unmarried young woman; maiden.
(archaic) A virgin, now female but originally one of either gender.
domestique bonne servante bonne à tout faire demoiselle jeune fille
A female servant or cleaner (short for maidservant).

maid of honor maids of honor n
demoiselle d'honneur
The primary woman who attends the bride at a wedding ceremony.

maid-of-all-work maids-of-all-work n
bonne à tout faire
A female servant employed to do general housework.

maiden /ˈmeɪdən/ adj
inaugural
(figuratively) Being a first occurrence or event.

maiden /ˈmeɪdən/ maidens n
demoiselle jeune femme jeune fille pucelle
(now, _, chiefly, _, literary) A girl or an unmarried young woman.
vierge pucelle
A female virgin.

maiden name maiden names n
nom de jeune fille
The original last name of a person, usually a woman, who has changed their last name upon marriage.

maiden voyage maiden voyages n
voyage inaugural
(nautical) The first trip of a vessel in its intended duty.

maidenhair /ˈmeɪdənhɛəɹ/ /ˈmeɪdənhɛː/ maidenhairs n
adiante capillaire
Either of two species of genus Adiantum of fern with delicate, hair-like stalks, especially Adiantum capillus-veneris.

maidenhead maidenheads n
virginité

maidenhood /ˈmeɪd(ə)nhʊd/ maidenhoods n
virginité
(uncountable) The condition of being a maiden; the time when one is a maiden or young girl.

maidservant maidservants n
servante
A female servant; a maid.

mail /meɪl/ mails n
poste
(now, _, regional) A bag or wallet. [from 13thc.]
The material conveyed by the postal service. [from 17thc.]
The postal service or system in general. [from 17thc.]
(countable) An email message.
A trunk, box, or bag, in which clothing, etc., may be carried.
cotte de mailles
(uncountable, history) Armour consisting of metal rings linked together.
poste courrier
A bag containing letters to be delivered by post.
(dated) A stagecoach, train or ship that delivers such post.
poste courrier correspondance
(chiefly, _, US, uncountable) The letters, parcels, etc. delivered to a particular address or person. [from 19thc.]
poste courriel courrier électronique e-mail
(uncountable) Electronic mail, e-mail: a computer network–based service for sending, storing, and forwarding electronic messages. [from 20thc.]

mail /meɪl/ v
poster
(ditransitive) To send (a letter, parcel, etc.) through the mail.

mail car mail cars n
wagon-poste
(rail, US) a railroad car in which mail is carried and sorted.

mailboat mailboats n
courrier
A boat used to transport mail.

mailing list mailing lists n
liste de diffusion fichier d’adresses
A collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients.

mailman /ˈmeɪl.mæn, ˈmeɪl.mən/ mailmen n
facteur
(North America) someone who delivers mail to, and/or collects mail from, residential or commercial addresses, or from public mailboxes

mailplane mailplanes n
avion postal
An aircraft that delivers mail.

maim /meɪm/ v
mutiler estropier
To wound seriously; to cause permanent loss of function of a limb or part of the body.

main /meɪn/ adj
principal
Chief, most important, or principal in extent, size, or strength; consisting of the largest part.

main battle tank main battle tanks n
char de combat
The primary tank of a country or armed forces.
char de combat principal
(military) A tank with a good balance of firepower, cross-country mobility, and armoured protection, and therefore capable of carrying out the roles of breakthrough, exploitation and infantry support.

main clause main clauses n
proposition principale
(grammar) A clause that can stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence and contains at least a subject and a verb.

main course main courses n
plat principal plat de résistance
The main serving or dish of a meal, usually cooked.

main diagonal main diagonals n
diagonale principale
(linear algebra) The entries of a square matrix from the top left to the bottom right.

main group main groups n
groupe principal
(chemistry) In the periodic table of the elements, any of the eight groups (columns) of elements in the s and p blocks.

main road main roads n
grande rue rue principale
A major road in a town or village, or in a country area.

main sequence main sequences n
séquence principale
(star) A major grouping of stars represented on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram by a nearly uniform band of increasing luminosity with increasing surface temperature.

main street main streets n
rue principale grand-rue
the principal street of a town, but not necessarily named "Main Street" (qv); there can be more than one main street in some towns.

main verb main verbs n
verbe principal
(grammar) The verb in a clause with the highest semantic content.

mainland /-lænd/ /mæɪnlænd/ /ˈmeɪnlænd/ /ˈmeɪnlənd/ mainlands n
continent
The continent; the principal land, as distinguished from islands or a peninsula.

mainland China pn
Chine continentale
The People's Republic of China, viewed as the general geographical region administered by the PRC in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War (as opposed to Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan which are coastal and insular areas)

mainly /ˈmeɪnli/ adv
principalement surtout
Chiefly; for the most part. [from 17th c.]

mainmast /ˈmeɪn.mæst/ /ˈmeɪn.mɑːst/ mainmasts n
grand mât
(nautical) The tallest mast of a sailing ship that has more than one mast; particularly a full-rigged ship.
(nautical) The second-foremost mast of a non-sailing ship with more than one mast.

mainsail /ˈmeɪnseɪl/ /ˈmeɪnsəl/ mainsails n
grand-voile
(nautical) The largest (or only) sail on a sailing vessel.

mainsheet /ˈmeɪnʃiːt/ mainsheets n
grande écoute
(nautical) The rope connected to and controlling the mainsail.

mainspring mainsprings n
ressort moteur
(horology) The principal spring of a clockwork mechanism, which drives it by uncoiling.

mainstay /ˈmeɪn.steɪ/ mainstays n
pilier
A chief support.
grand étai
(nautical) A stabilising rope from high on the mainmast to the base of the foremast.

mainstream more mainstream most mainstream adj
commercial conventionnel
Used or accepted broadly rather than by small portions of a population or market.

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ /mənˈteɪn/ v
entretenir maintenir
To keep up; to preserve; to uphold (a state, condition etc.). [from 14th c.]
maintenir
To declare or affirm (a clause) to be true; to assert. [from 15th c.]

maintainability maintainabilities n
maintenabilité
The ease with which something can be maintained.

maintenance /ˈmeɪnt(ə)nəns/ /ˈmeɪntɪnəns/ [ˈmẽɪ̃(n)ʔ(ə)nəns] maintenances n
entretien maintenance
Actions performed to keep some machine or system functioning or in service.
maintenance
(biology) The natural process which keeps an organism alive.

maintenance window maintenance windows n
créneau de maintenance
A prescheduled time when a system can be taken off-line for maintenance, if necessary.

maisonette /meɪ.zəˈnɛt/ maisonettes n
maisonnette
a small house
duplex
an apartment often on two floors

maize /meɪz/ [meːz] maizes n
maïs blé d'Inde
Corn; a type of grain of the species Zea mays.

maj. n
maj.
(military) (military rank).

majestic /məˈd͡ʒɛstɪk/ more majestic most majestic adj
majestueux
Having qualities of splendor or royalty.

majestic plural majestic plurals n
pluriel de majesté
The first-person plural pronoun as traditionally used by a sovereign in formal speech to refer to themselves in their role as the monarch.

majestically more majestically most majestically adv
majestueusement
In a majestic manner.

majesty /ˈmæd͡ʒ.əs.ti/ /ˈmæd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɪ/ majesties n
majesté
The quality of being impressive and great.

majlis /ˈmæd͡ʒlɪs/ /ˈmɑːd͡ʒlɪs/ majlis majlises n
majlis
A council, assembly, or public meeting, in some Muslim countries or territories.

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ more major most major adj
majeure
de taille majeur très important
Greater in dignity, rank, importance, significance, or interest.
majeur plus grand plus important
Greater in number, quantity, or extent.
majeur
Of full legal age, having attained majority.
(education) Of or relating to a subject of academic study chosen as a field of specialization.
(postpositive) (of a key) Based on a major scale, tending to produce a bright or joyful effect.
Equivalent to that between the tonic and another note of a major scale, and greater by a semitone than the corresponding minor interval. (of an interval)
Occurring as the predicate in the conclusion of a categorical syllogism. (of a term)

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ majors n
commandant major
(military ranks) A rank of officer in the army and the US air force, between captain and lieutenant colonel.
majeur
A person of legal age.
matière principale
(education, North America, Australia, New Zealand) The principal subject or course of a student working toward a degree at a college or university.
étudiant spécialisé étudiante spécialisée
A student at a college or university specializing on a given area of study.

major /ˈmeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ v
se spécialiser

major arcana n
arcanes majeurs
The 22 trumps of a deck of tarot cards.

major axis major axes n
grand axe
(geometry) The longest diameter of an ellipse, running through the center and foci, with its ends being the widest points of the shape.

major junior adj
junior majeur

major key major keys n
mode majeur tonalité majeure
(music) A musical key based upon a major scale.

major piece major pieces n
pièce lourde
(chess) A queen or a rook.

major premise major premises n
majeure
(logic) In a categorical syllogism, the premise whose terms are the syllogism's major term and middle term.

major scale major scales n
gamme majeure mode majeur
(music) One of the diatonic scales; a group of notes or musical pitches in a particular pattern, used to make melodies. The pattern for a major scale is: tone - tone - semitone - tone - tone - tone - semitone.

major third major thirds n
tierce majeure
(music) A musical interval in Western music that is equal to or approximates a frequency ratio of 5/4. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it consists of four standard semitones, spans three degrees of the diatonic scale, and is enharmonically equivalent to a diminished fourth. Major scales are so named because of the major third interval between the tonic and mediant of a major tonic triad.

majordomo /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒəˈdəʊ.məʊ/ /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒɚˈdoʊ.moʊ/ majordomos n
majordome
The head servant or official in a royal Spanish or Italian household; later, any head servant in a wealthy household in a foreign country; a leading servant or butler.

majorette /ˌmeɪ.d͡ʒəˈɹɛt/ majorettes n
majorette
A dancer who twirls and performs stunts with a lightweight baton, whether as a solo, in a group of majorettes, or in the company of a marching band.

majoritarian /məˈd͡ʒɑ.ɹɪ.tɛɹ.i.ən/ /məˈd͡ʒɒɹ.ɪ.tə.ɹi.ən/ /məˈd͡ʒɒɹ.ɪ.tɛə.ɹi.ən/ /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.ɪ.tə.ɹiən/ /məˈd͡ʒɔɹ.ɪ.tɛɹ.i.ən/ more majoritarian most majoritarian adj
majoritaire
Supporting the dominance of the majority over the minority. [c. 1940]

majoritively more majoritively most majoritively adv
majoritairement
By means of a majority.

majority /məˈd͡ʒɑɹɪti/ /məˈd͡ʒɒɹɪti/ /məˈd͡ʒɔɹɪti/ majorities n
majorité
More than half (50%) of some group.
The difference between the winning vote and the rest of the votes.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] [mɛːk] makes n
marque
Brand or kind; model.

make /meɪk/ [meɪkʲ] [meːk] [mɛːk] v
construire
faire rendre créer gagner
(obsolete) To act in a certain manner; to have to do; to manage; to interfere; to be active; often in the phrase to meddle or make.

make a better door than a window v
ton père n’est pas vitrier t’es pas transparent

make a big thing out of /ˈmeɪk ə ˈbɪɡ ˈθɪŋ aʊt əv/ v
faire tout un foin de faire tout un fromage de faire tout un plat de faire toute une histoire de
(transitive, idiomatic) To call attention to or publicize; to make a fuss about, especially unnecessarily.

make a decision v
prendre une décision
(intransitive) To decide.

make a face v
faire la grimace
(colloquial) To make a facial expression, often for humor, as a taunt, or to indicate distaste.

make a fool of v
se ridiculiser
(transitive) To cause (someone) to seem foolish.

make a killing v
toucher le jackpot
(idiomatic) To win or earn a large amount of money.

make a living v
gagner sa vie
To earn enough income to support oneself and, if applicable, one's family.

make a meal of v
faire tout un plat de faire un plat de
(idiomatic, transitive) To spend more time and energy on some task than it warrants; to make something overly complicated; to make a big thing out of.
avaler tout rond manger tout cru ne faire qu'une bouchée
To eat something as a meal.

make a mistake v
commettre une erreur faire une erreur se tromper
To err, to be wrong. (This entry is a translation hub.)

make a mountain out of a molehill v
faire une montagne d'une taupinière faire tout un fromage de faire une montagne d'une souris se noyer dans un verre d'eau
(transitive, idiomatic) To treat a problem as greater than it is; to blow something out of proportion; to exaggerate the importance of something trivial.

make a name for oneself v
se faire connaître se faire un nom
(idiomatic) to gain fame, to become well-known

make a noise in the world v
faire parler de soi

make a point v
mettre un point d'honneur à se faire un point d'honneur de
(idiomatic) To take care in doing something; to pay attention or ensure that something is done.

make a scene v
faire une scène

make a show of oneself v
se donner en spectacle se faire remarquer
(idiomatic, Ireland) To embarrass oneself or others in public.

make a spectacle of oneself v
s'offrir en spectacle se couvrir de ridicule se donner en spectacle
(idiomatic, originally, _, US) To embarrass oneself or others in public.

make amends v
donner satisfaction faire amende honorable obtenir satisfaction se racheter se réconcilier
(idiomatic) To repair a relationship; to resolve an argument or fight; to make reparations or redress.

make an appearance v
faire acte de présence
(idiomatic) To turn up to an event for a brief moment.

make an effort v
faire un effort
To try; to work towards a goal.

make an entrance v
faire son entrée

make an example of v
faire un exemple
(transitive, idiomatic) To punish someone so as to give a warning to others.

make an exhibition of oneself v
se couvrir de ridicule
(idiomatic, UK) To embarrass oneself or others in public by behaving foolishly.

make common cause v
faire cause commune

make conversation v
faire la conversation
To talk with someone out of courtesy, to pass time, or in an effort to engage with them socially.

make do v
faire avec se débrouiller
(intransitive, idiomatic, informal) To survive, get by (with), or use whatever is available (due to lack of resources).

make ends meet v
joindre les deux bouts
(idiomatic) To have enough money to cover expenses; to get by financially; to get through the pay period (sufficient to meet the next payday).

make eyes v
faire les yeux doux
(usually with "at") To flirt with (someone) by making obvious glances.

make flexible v
flexibiliser
(This entry is a translation hub.)

make for v
se diriger vers
(idiomatic) To set out to go (somewhere); to move towards.

make friends v
se faire des amis se lier d'amitié
(intransitive) To form friendships with others.
se lier d'amitié
(construed with with) To befriend.

make fun of v
moquer ridiculiser se foutre de la gueule de
(idiomatic, informal) To tease, ridicule or make jokes about, generally in a pejorative manner.

make haste v
faire diligence
(intransitive, dated) To hurry or hasten.

make hay v
faire les foins faner
(literally) To cut grass to turn into hay for animal feed.

make hay while the sun shines v
battre le fer tant qu’il est chaud
(idiomatic) To act while an opportunity exists; to take action while a situation is favorable.

make head or tail of v
ne rien y comprendre n’avoir ni queue ni tête y comprendre quelque chose
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative, with can't/cannot) To understand even minimally.

make history v
faire date faire époque
(idiomatic) To do something that will be widely remembered for a long time.

make it v
réussir arriver à temps
To succeed in doing something, for example in reaching a place, going somewhere, attending an event, arriving in time for something, adding to one's schedule or itinerary, or in getting where one wants to be in one's life or career, which sometimes means becoming or wanting to become successful (succeed in a big way) or famous.

make it snappy v
et que ça saute
(idiomatic, often, imperative) To do something quickly; to be quick about something.

make light of v
prendre à la légère
(idiomatic) To regard without due seriousness; to joke about.

make love v
faire l'amour croquer la pomme
(euphemistic) To engage in sexual intercourse. [from 20th c.]

make love, not war phraseologicalUnit
faites l’amour, pas la guerre
A hippie anti-war slogan encouraging love and peace.

make off /ˌmeɪk ˈɒf/ v
fuir
(intransitive) To exit or depart; to run away.

make one's bed and lie in it v
comme on fait son lit, on se couche
(idiomatic) To create a difficult situation whose unpleasant consequences one must now endure.

make oneself at home v
faire comme chez soi se mettre à l’aise
(idiomatic) To make oneself comfortable as if one were in one's own home.

make out /meɪk aʊt/ /meɪk æɔt/ /meɪk æʊt/ /meɪk ɘʉt/ /meɪk ʌʊt/ v
libeller
(transitive) To draw up (a document etc.), to designate (a cheque) to a given recipient, payee. [from 15th c.]
discerner dégager
(transitive) To discern; to manage to see, hear etc. [from 16th c.]
arriver conclure réussir
(now, chiefly, US, regional, intransitive) To manage, get along; to do (well, badly etc.). [from 17th c.]
faire passer pour représenter
(transitive, intransitive) To represent; to make (something) appear to be true. [from 17th c.]
embrasser faire l'amour
(slang, chiefly, US, intransitive) To embrace and kiss passionately. [from 20th c.]

make over v
relooker
(idiomatic) To renovate or to convert to a different use, particularly houses, offices, or rooms within them.

make peace v
faire la paix
To end hostilities; to reach a peace agreement; to initiate or resume a cordial relationship after a period of animosity.

make sense v
avoir du sens faire sens tenir debout
(informal) Used to express interest or desire in something; to be pleasing or beneficial; to work, be operative, or be advantageous to.

make shift v
se débrouiller
(dated) To contrive; to invent a way of surmounting a difficulty.

make short work of v
[[ne faire qu'une bouchée]] de
(transitive, idiomatic) To deal with or overcome (someone or something) quickly and without difficulty.

make someone's blood boil v
beurrer la raie casser les couilles exaspérer insupporter pomper le dard prendre le chou
(idiomatic) To cause a person to feel angry or very annoyed, especially in situation in which one cannot fully display that feeling to others.

make someone's blood run cold v
faire peur foutre les chocottes foutre les jetons glacer le sang
(idiomatic) To cause a person to feel fear, horror, dread, or strong foreboding; to chill.

make someone's day v
faire plaisir à [[quelqu'un]] rendre [[quelqu'un]] heureux (pour la journée)
(idiomatic) To make someone happy, or be a source of satisfaction, for the rest of the day.

make sure v
assurer
To make oneself certain (of something, or that something is the case); to verify, to ascertain. [from 17th c.]

make the bed v
faire le lit
To arrange the sheets, blankets, or other coverings of a bed smoothly and neatly, with the corners tucked under the mattress.

make the first move v
faire le premier pas prendre les devants

make the most of v
profiter
(idiomatic, transitive) To realise the maximal value, worth, or potential of (something); to derive as much benefit or profit from (something) as is possible.

make the rounds v
faire le tour
To circulate from one place to another.
faire une ronde
(medicine) To go from one place to another for a particular reason.

make the world go around v
faire tourner le monde

make up /ˌmeɪk ˈʌp/ v
compenser rattraper
To compensate, to fill in, to catch up.
controuver inventer
To invent, to imagine, to concoct
se réconcilier
To make peace, to settle a dispute.
maquiller se maquiller arranger composer constituer réparer
To make social or romantic advances to; to pay court to. [from 18th c.]

make up for lost time v
rattraper le temps perdu

make up one's mind v
décider
(idiomatic) To decide; to reach a conclusion.

make up the numbers v
faire de la figuration
(idiomatic) To provide sufficient people to make an event worthwhile.

make use v
faire usage se servir de
(with of) To use, usually productively and/or for a specific purpose.
se servir
(archaic) To help oneself.

make waves v
faire des vagues
(idiomatic) To cause a disturbance.

make yourself at home phraseologicalUnit
fais comme chez toi faites comme chez vous
(idiom) An invitation to a guest in the speaker's home to treat the house as if it were theirs.

make-up artist make-up artists n
maquilleur maquilleuse visagiste
A person who applies makeup and prosthetics for theatrical, television, film, fashion, magazines and similar productions.

makeover makeovers n
relooking
A major change in the use of something, or in the appearance of something or someone; a radical transformation.

maker /ˈmeɪk.ə/ /ˈmeɪk.ɚ/ makers n
créateur faiseur fabricant
Someone who makes; a person or thing that makes or produces something.

makeshift /ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft/ more makeshift most makeshift adj
de fortune
Made to work or suffice; improvised; substituted.

makeup /ˈmeɪkʌp/ makeups n
constitution
(countable, uncountable) An item's composition.
maquillage
(countable, uncountable) Cosmetics; colorants and other substances applied to the skin to alter its appearance.

makeup remover makeup removers n
démaquillant
A product used to remove makeup, typically a solvent.

makhorka /məˈkɔː(ɹ)kə/ /məˈxɔː(ɹ)kə/ makhorkas n
makhorka
(chiefly, Russia) A coarse, strong type of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica), especially grown in Russia and Ukraine.

makizushi n
makizushi

malabsorption malabsorptions n
malabsorbtion
The state arising from abnormality in digestion or absorption of food nutrients across the gastrointestinal tract.

malachite /ˈmæl.əˌkaɪt/ malachites n
malachite
(mineral) A bright green mineral, a basic copper carbonate, Cu2CO3(OH)2; one of the principal ores of copper.

malacia malacias n
malacie
(medicine, obsolete) An abnormal craving for certain types of food. [from 17th c.]

malacologist malacologists n
malacologue
A person who studies molluscs; a specialist in malacology. [from 19th c.]

malacology n
malacologie
(zoology) The study of molluscs.

malacopterygian malacopterygians n
malacoptérygien
(archaic) (zoology) Any of the obsolete order of fish Malacopterygii.

maladroit /ˌmæl.ə.ˈdɹɔɪt/ more maladroit most maladroit adj
maladroit
Not adroit; awkward, clumsy, inept. [from 1670s]

malady /ˈmæl.ə.di/ maladies n
maladie
Any ailment or disease of the body; especially, a lingering or deep-seated disorder.

malaise /-ˈlɛz/ /mæˈleɪz/ /mɑˈleɪz/ /məˈleɪz/ malaises n
malaise
A feeling of general bodily discomfort, fatigue or unpleasantness, often at the onset of illness.

malamute /ˈmæl.ə.mjuːt/ malamutes n
malamute malamute de l'Alaska
An ancient northern breed of dog of the husky type, particularly used as a sled dog.

malapropism /ˈmæləpɹɑpˌɪzəm/ /ˈmæləpɹɒpˌɪzəm/ malapropisms n
abus de langage impropriété malapropisme
(uncountable) The blundering use of an absurdly inappropriate word or expression in place of a similar-sounding one.

malaria /məˈlɛə.ɹi.ə/ malarias n
malaria paludisme
A disease spread by mosquito, in which a protozoan, Plasmodium, multiplies in blood every few days.

malariology n
paludologie

malatang n
malatang
A hot, spicy soup of meat and vegetables, commonly eaten as a street food in China.

malaxator malaxators n
malaxeur
An agent used to assist in malaxating something, such as butter or oil.

malbec /mælˈbɛk/ /ˈmæl.bɛk/ /ˈmɒl.bɛk/ malbecs n
côt malbec

maldevelopment maldevelopments n
maldéveloppement

male /meɪl/ maler malest more male most male adj
mâle masculin
Belonging to the sex which typically produces sperm, or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]
mâle
(of bacteria) Having the F factor; able to impart DNA into another bacterium which does not have the F factor (a female).

male /meɪl/ males n
homme
A human member of the masculine sex or gender.
mâle
One of the male (masculine) sex or gender.
A plant of the masculine sex.

male chauvinism n
machisme
A belief in the innate superiority of men over women.

male chauvinistic more male chauvinistic most male chauvinistic adj
machiste
(pejorative) Of or pertaining to male chauvinism or male chauvinists.

male fern male ferns n
fougère mâle
Dryopteris filix-mas, from which is derived a vermifuge preparation.

male member male members n
membre viril
(euphemistic) Penis.

malediction maledictions n
malédiction
Evil speech.

malefactor /ˈmæləˌfæktɚ/ malefactors n
malfaiteur malfaitrice
An evildoer.

maleficent /məˈlɛf.ɪ.sənt/ more maleficent most maleficent adj
maléfique
Harmful or evil in intent or effect.

malevolence /məˈlɛvələns/ malevolences n
malveillance hostilité
Hostile attitude or feeling.

malevolent /məˈlɛvələnt/ more malevolent most malevolent adj
malveillant malintentionné malévolent
Having or displaying ill will; wishing harm on others.

malformation malformations n
malformation
An abnormal formation.
malformation difformité
(teratology) An abnormal developmental feature of offspring.

malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋk.ʃən/ malfunctions n
défaut de fonctionnement
Faulty functioning.
Failure to function.

malic acid n
acide malique
(organic compound) A colourless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, hydroxy-malonic acid, found in wine, apples and other fruit; it is converted to lactic acid by malolactic fermentation.

malice /ˈmælɪs/ malices n
méchanceté malveillance
Intention to harm or deprive in an illegal or immoral way. Desire to take pleasure in another's misfortune.

malicious /məˈlɪʃəs/ more malicious most malicious adj
malveillant mauvais
Intending to do harm; characterized by spite and malice.

maliciously more maliciously most maliciously adv
malicieusement
in a malicious manner, or for malicious reasons

malign /məˈlaɪn/ v
injurier vilipender
(transitive) To make defamatory statements about; to slander or traduce.

malignant /məˈlɪɡnənt/ more malignant most malignant adj
malin malveillant
Harmful, malevolent, injurious.
malin
(medicine) Tending to produce death; threatening a fatal issue.

malinger /məˈlɪŋɡə/ /məˈlɪŋɡɚ/ v
faire le malade feindre la maladie se faire porter pâle
(ambitransitive) To feign illness, injury, or incapacitation in order to avoid work, obligation, or perilous risk.

mall /mæl/ /mɑl/ /mɔːl/ malls n
centre commercial mail
An enclosed shopping centre. [from 20th c.]
mail
(obsolete) An alley where the game of pall mall was played. [17th–19th c.]
A public walk; a level shaded walk, a promenade. [from 18th c.]
A heavy wooden mallet or hammer used in the game of pall mall. [from 17th c.]
(obsolete) An old game played with malls or mallets and balls; pall mall. [17th–19th c.]

mallard /ˈmæl.ɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈmælɚd/ mallard mallards n
canard colvert canard sauvage colvert
Anas platyrhynchos, a common and widespread dabbling duck, natively found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, whose male has a distinctive dark green head.

malleable /ˈmæl.iː.ə.bəl/ [-bɯ] [ˈmaɫiəbəɫ] [ˈmæɫiəbɫ̩] [ˈmɛɫiəbɫ̩] more malleable most malleable adj
malléable
Able to be hammered into thin sheets; capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer, or by the pressure of rollers.
(metaphorical) Flexible, liable to change.

mallee fowl mallee fowl mallee fowls n
léipoa ocellé
An Australian ground-dwelling bird, Leipoa ocellata, in the megapode family.

malleolar /maˈliː.əl.ə/ /məˈli.əl.ɚ/ adj
malléolaire
(anatomy) Of or relating to the malleolus.

malleolus /maˈliː.əl.əs/ /məˈliː.əl.əs/ malleoli malleoluses n
malléole

mallet /ˈmælɪt/ mallets n
maillet mailloche
(music) A small hammer-like tool used for playing certain musical instruments.

malleus /ˈmæl.i.əs/ mallei n
marteau malléus
(anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.

mallow /ˈmæloʊ/ /ˈmæləʊ/ mallows n
mauve
Any of a group of flowering plants in several genera of the taxonomic family Malvaceae, especially of the genus Malva. Several species are edible by humans.

malmsey /ˈmɑ(l)mzi/ /ˈmɑːmzɪ/ malmseys n
malvoisie
A sweet fortified wine made in Madeira, originally from the malvasia grape.

malnourished more malnourished most malnourished adj
mal nourri malnutri
suffering from malnutrition

malnutrition malnutritions n
malnutrition
A lack of adequate nourishment.

malodorous /ˌmælˈoʊ.də.ɹəs/ /ˌmælˈəʊ.də.ɹəs/ more malodorous most malodorous adj
malodorant
Having a bad odor.

malpractice malpractices n
négligence médicale
The improper treatment of a patient by a physician that results in injury or loss.
méconduite
Improper or unethical conduct by a professional or official person.

malt /mɑlt/ /mɔlt/ malts n
malt
Malted grain (sprouted grain) (usually barley), used in brewing and otherwise.

malt /mɑlt/ /mɔlt/ v
malter
(transitive) To convert a cereal grain into malt by causing it to sprout (by soaking in water) and then halting germination (by drying with hot air) in order to develop enzymes that can break down starches and proteins in the grain.

malt whisky malt whiskies n
whisky pur malt
Whisky made only from malted barley.

malthouse malthouses n
malterie
A plant where malt is produced.

maltose /ˈmɔːltəʊz/ maltoses n
maltose
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide, C12H22O11 formed from the digestion of starch by amylase; is converted to glucose by maltase; it is an isomer of trehalose

maltreatment /malˈtɹiːtmənt/ maltreatments n
maltraitement sévice
Cruel or harmful treatment or abuse; mistreatment.

malvasia /ˌmalvəˈsɪə/ /ˌmælvəˈsi.ə/ /ˌmælvəˈzi.ə/ malvasias n
malvoisie
A variety of grape, originally from the region of the Aegean, now used to make malmsey wine.

malware /ˈmæl.weə(ɹ)/ malwares n
maliciel logiciel malveillant
(computing) Software which has been designed to operate in a malicious, undesirable manner.

mama bear mama bears n
mère poule
(by extension, slang) A woman, especially a mother, who is extremely protective of a child or children.

mama's boy mama's boys n
fils à maman petit garçon à sa maman
(informal, idiomatic, derogatory, North America) A male who has a very close bond with his mother, and may consequently be perceived as soft or effeminate.

mamba /ˈmɑm.bɑ/ mambas n
mamba
Any of various venomous snakes of the genus Dendroaspis, native to Africa, that live in trees.

mambo /ˈmæmbəʊ/ /ˈmɑmboʊ/ mamboes mambos n
mambo
A Latin-American musical genre, adapted from rumba, originating from Cuba in the 1940s, or a dance or rhythm of this genre. [from 20th c.]

mamelliform adj
mamelliforme

mameluke /ˈmaməluːk/ mamelukes n
mamelouk
(historical) A member of various military regimes in the Middle East created and run by freed slave soldiers, mainly from the Eurasian steppe or the Caucasus; in particular, those who formed a ruling caste in Egypt from 1250 until 1812 and in Syria until 1516.

mammal /ˈmæməl/ mammals n
mammifère
An animal of the class Mammalia, characterized by being warm-blooded, having hair and producing milk with which to feed its young.

mammalgia n
mammalgie
(medicine) mastalgia; pain in the breast

mammalian /məˈmeɪ.li.ən/ /məˈmeɪl.jən/ more mammalian most mammalian adj
mammalien
of, or pertaining to, mammals

mammary /ˈmæməɹi/ adj
mammaire
(biology) Of or relating to mamma or breast (of a woman or a female animal).

mammary gland mammary glands n
glande mammaire
(anatomy) A gland that secretes milk for suckling an infant or offspring.

mammatus cloud mammatus clouds n
nuage mammatus

mammiform adj
mammiforme
Shaped like a breast.

mammitis mammitides n
mammite
mastitis

mammogram mammograms n
mammogramme
(medicine) An X-ray picture of the breasts (mammaries), used to screen for breast cancer.

mammograph mammographs n
mammographe
A machine for taking X-ray pictures of the breasts (mammaries)

mammography mammographies n
mammographie
(medicine) X-ray examination of the breasts for diagnosing and locating abnormalities, especially tumours.

mammoplasty mammoplasties n
mammoplastie
(surgery) Plastic surgery of a breast to alter its shape or size.

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ more mammoth most mammoth adj
éléphantesque
Comparable to a mammoth in its size; very large, huge, gigantic.

mammoth /ˈmæməθ/ mammoths n
mammouth
Any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, of large, usually hairy, elephant-like mammals with long curved tusks and an inclined back, which became extinct with the last retreat of ice age glaciers during the late Pleistocene period, and are known from fossils, frozen carcasses, and Paleolithic cave paintings found in North America and Eurasia.

mammothrept /ˈmaməθɹɛpt/ mammothrepts n
enfant gâté
(archaic) A spoilt child.

mammy mammies n
maman
(US, historical, often pejorative) In the southern United States, a black nanny employed to look after white children; or in the antebellum South, a female slave who was close to the household and looked after the children.

mamzer mamzerim mamzers n
mamzer
(Judaism) A child born to Jewish parents whose relationship is incestuous or otherwise forbidden by Jewish law (e.g. an unmarried man and a married woman), or the descendant of such a person.
A contemptible person; a jerk.

man /meːn/ /mæn/ [meən] [mɑn] [mɛn] [mɛən] [mẽə̃n] interjection
mec
Used to place emphasis upon something or someone; sometimes, but not always, when actually addressing a man.

man /meːn/ /mæn/ [meən] [mɑn] [mɛn] [mɛən] [mẽə̃n] men n
homme humain être humain
(collective) All humans collectively: mankind, humankind, humanity. (Sometimes capitalized as Man.)
homme
A male person, usually an adult; a (generally adult male) sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.
pion
A piece or token used in board games such as backgammon.

man day man days n
jour-homme dia-homem
The amount of work that one person can complete in one day, often considered to be equivalent to eight man hours

man in the moon /ˌmæn ən ðə ˈmun/ /ˌmæn ɪn ðə ˈmuːn/ pn
Homme dans la Lune
An image of a man perceived in the dark maria (plains or "seas") and light highlands or other features of the Moon, originally regarded as a man with a burden on his back or accompanied by a small dog, and now more commonly as a man's face in the full moon or his profile in a crescent moon; hence, an imaginary man thought to be living on the Moon.

man in the street men in the street n
Madame Tout-le-Monde Monsieur Tout-le-Monde homme de la rue individu lambda monsieur Tout-le-monde pékin de base
(idiomatic) A typical person, unversed in a given subject; an inexpert commoner.

man is a wolf to man proverb
l'homme est un loup pour l'homme
Humans prey upon one another.

man is the measure of all things phraseologicalUnit
l'homme est la mesure de toute chose

man of God men of God n
homme de Dieu

man of action men of action n
homme d'action

man of letters men of letters n
homme de lettres littérateur
(dated) A literary man; a scholar or author.

man of the hour men of the hour n
homme du moment
A man who has recently caught the attention of, or is being admired or honoured by, a large number of people.

man of the world men of the world n
homme du monde
A worldly or sophisticated man, one well versed in the ways and dealings of humankind.

man on the street men on the street n
homme de la rue

man overboard interjection
un homme à la mer
(nautical) A cry used to announce that one of the crew or passengers has fallen over the side of the vessel.

man proposes, God disposes proverb
l’homme propose et Dieu dispose
Things don't always work out as they were planned.

man's best friend n
le meilleur ami de l’homme
An affectionate term for a dog, or dogs in general.

man-at-arms /ˌmæn‿ət‿ˈɑː(ɹ)mz/ men-at-arms n
homme d'armes
(historical) A heavily-armed mounted member of medieval cavalry.

man-day man-days n
jour-homme dia-homem
One person's working time for a day, or the equivalent, used as a measure of how much work or labor is required or consumed to perform some task.

man-made adj
synthétique de main d'homme
Created by people, as opposed to occurring in nature; artificial or synthetic.

man-midwife man-midwives n
accoucheur sage-femme homme
An accoucheur; a male midwife

man-month man-months n
mois-homme
One person's working time for a month, or the equivalent, used as a measure of how much work or labor is required or consumed to perform some task.

man-of-war /ˈmæn-/ /ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwoɹ/ /ˌmæn.ə(v)ˈwɔː/ /ˌmɛn.ɘ(v)ˈwoː/ men-of-war n
homme de guerre
(military, archaic, except, humorous) A man whose occupation is fighting in wars; a soldier, a warrior.
navire de guerre
(military, watercraft, chiefly, historical) A powerful armed naval vessel, primarily one armed with cannon and propelled by sails; a warship.

man-to-man adj
d'homme à homme
direct, forthright, and honest

man-to-man adv
d'homme à homme
directly, forthrightly, and honestly

man-year man-years n
année-homme
One person's working time for a year, or the equivalent, used as a measure of how much work or labor is required or consumed to perform some task.

manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ v
gérer ménager
(transitive) To direct or be in charge of.
diriger
(transitive) To handle or control (a situation, job).
manier
(transitive) To handle with skill, wield (a tool, weapon etc.).
réussir arriver parvenir
(intransitive) To succeed at an attempt in spite of difficulty.
accomplir
(ambitransitive) To achieve (something) without fuss, or without outside help.

manageable /ˈmænəd͡ʒəb(ə)l/ /ˈmænɪd͡ʒəbl̩/ more manageable most manageable adj
gérable maniable
Capable of being managed or controlled.

management /mənˈeɪd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænəd͡ʒmənt/ /ˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt/ managements n
gestion administration direction gérance
(uncountable) Administration; the use of limited resources combined with forecasting, planning, leadership and execution skills to achieve predetermined specific goals.
gestion
(uncountable) Judicious use of means to accomplish an end.

management accounting n
comptabilité de gestion

manager /ˈmæn.ə.d͡ʒɚ/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.d͡ʒə/ [ˈmeən.ə.d͡ʒɚ] managers n
gérant manager directeur chef responsable
(management) A person whose job is to manage something, such as a business, a restaurant, or a sports team.
gestionnaire
(software) A window or application whose purpose is to give the user the control over some aspect of the system.

manageress /ˈmænɪdʒəˌɹɛs/ manageresses n
manageuse
A female manager.

managerial /ˌmænəˈdʒɪəɹi.əl/ more managerial most managerial adj
managérial
Of or relating to a manager or management; involving management-like duties.

managing director managing directors n
directeur général
The chief executive of a limited company.

manatee /ˈmæn.əˌtiː/ manatee manatees n
lamantin
Any of several plant-eating marine mammals, of family Trichechidae, found in tropical regions.

mandala /ˈmʌn.də.lə/ mandalas n
mandala
(Hinduism, Buddhism) Any ritualistic geometric design, symbolic of the Universe, used as an aid to meditation.
A division or book of the Rigveda (of which there are 10).

mandarin /mæn.də.ˈɹɪn/ /ˈmæn.də.ɹɪn/ mandarins n
mandarin
(historical) A high government bureaucrat of the Chinese Empire. [from 1580s]

mandarin collar mandarin collars n
col Mao col mandarin col officier
A short unfolded stand-up collar on a shirt or jacket.

mandarin duck /ˈmændəɹɪn dʌk/ mandarin ducks n
canard mandarin
A colorful perching duck that has a red bill, large white crescent above the eye and reddish face, Aix galericulata.

mandarin fish mandarin fish mandarin fishes n
perche chinoise poisson mandarin
A carnivorous freshwater fish, Siniperca chuatsi, from China.
poisson cachemire poisson mandarin
A colorful saltwater fish in dragonet family, Synchiropus splendidus, from the Pacific Ocean.

mandarin orange mandarin oranges n
mandarinier
A small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with oblate fruits smaller than the (so-named) sweet oranges.
mandarine
The fruit of this tree; in loose, informal usage, the term may include other similar citrus fruits such as Citrus unshiu (satsuma or mikan).

mandarinate mandarinates n
mandarinat
A political form of rule by mandarins.
(figuratively) A type of government marked by excessive bureaucracy and Byzantine regulations.

mandate /mænˈdeɪt/ /ˈmændeɪt/ mandates n
mandat
An official or authoritative command; an order or injunction; a commission; a judicial precept; an authorization.

mandate /mænˈdeɪt/ /ˈmændeɪt/ v
autoriser
To authorize.

mandatory /ˈmæn.də.t(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmæn.dəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈmɛən.dəˌtɔɹ.i/ more mandatory most mandatory adj
obligatoire requis
Obligatory; required or commanded by authority.

mandible /ˈmæn.dɪb.əl/ mandibles n
mandibule
The jaw or a jawbone, especially the lower jawbone in mammals and fishes.

mandocello mandocellos n
mandoloncelle
(musical instrument) A string instrument similar to a large mandolin

mandolin /ˈmændəlɪn/ mandolins n
mandoline
(string instrument) A stringed instrument of the lute family, having eight strings in four courses, frequently tuned as a violin, and with either a bowl-shaped back or a flat back.
A kitchen tool for julienning vegetables.

mandorla /mænˈdɔː(ɹ)lə/ mandorlas n
mandorle
A vesica piscis-shaped aureola that surrounds the figures of Christ and the Virgin Mary, or represents God the Father (who is not traditionally depicted) in traditional Eastern Christian art.

mandrake mandrakes n
mandragore
(mythology) A mandragora, a kind of tiny demon immune to fire.
Any plant of the genus Mandragora, certain of which are said to have medicinal or aphrodisiac properties; the root of these plants often resembles the shape of a small person, hence occasioning various mythic, magical, or occult uses.
A root of a mandrake plant that resembled human form, especially one kept or used for magic or occult purposes.
(slang) The drug methaqualone.

mandrill /ˈmæn.dɹɪl/ mandrills n
mandrill
A primate, Mandrillus sphinx, with colorful face and rump.

mane /meɪn/ manes n
crinière
Longer hair growth on back of neck of an animal, especially a horse or lion

maned wolf maned wolves n
loup à crinière
One of species Chrysocyon brachyurus, the largest canid of South America,.

manes /ˈmɑːneɪz/ n
mânes
The souls or spirits of dead ancestors, conceived as deities or the subjects of reverence, or of other deceased relatives.

maneuver /məˈnuːvə/ /məˈnuːvɚ/ maneuvers n
manœuvre exercice
(military) The planned movement of troops, vehicles etc.; a strategic repositioning; (later also) a large training field-exercise of fighting units. [from 18th c.]
manœuvre
A movement of the body, or with an implement, instrument etc., especially one performed with skill or dexterity. [from 18th c.]

maneuver /məˈnuːvə/ /məˈnuːvɚ/ v
manœuvrer
(ambitransitive) To move (something, or oneself) carefully, and often with difficulty, into a certain position.

manga /ˈmaŋɡə/ /ˈmæŋɡə/ /ˈmɑŋɡə/ /ˈmɑːŋɡə/ manga mangas n
manga
(countable, comics) A comic originating in Japan.
(uncountable) An artistic style heavily used in, and associated with, Japanese comics, and that has also been adopted by a comparatively low number of comics from other countries.

mangaka mangaka mangakas n
mangaka
A professional manga or anime artist.

mangal /ˈmæŋɡəl/ mangals n
mangal
A Middle Eastern-style barbecue (cookout), or the barbecue (grill; cooking apparatus) it is cooked on.

manganese /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌnis/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniz/ /ˈmæŋ.ɡəˌniːz/ manganeses n
manganèse
(uncountable) A metallic chemical element (symbol Mn) with an atomic number of 25, not a free element in nature but often found in minerals in combination with iron, and useful in industrial alloy production.

manganism n
manganisme
(medicine) Manganese poisoning, a toxic condition resulting from chronic exposure to manganese.

mange /meɪnd͡ʒ/ manges n
gale
(veterinary medicine) A skin disease of nonhuman mammals caused by parasitic mites (Sarcoptes spp., Demodecidae spp.).

mangelwurzel mangelwurzels n
betterave
A root vegetable, variety of Beta vulgaris, cultivated chiefly as cattle feed.

manger /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒɚ/ mangers n
mangeoire
A trough in a stable or barn for animals to eat from.

mangetout /mɑ̃ʒˈtuː/ /ˈmɑ̃ʒ.tuː/ mangetouts n
mange-tout
A vegetable pea (Pisum sativum) eaten when immature.

mangle /ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/ mangles n
essoreuse
A hand-operated device with rollers, for wringing laundry.

mangle /ˈmæŋ.ɡəl/ v
mutiler
(transitive) To change, mutilate, or disfigure by cutting, tearing, rearranging, etc.
essorer
(transitive, archaic) To wring laundry.

mango /ˈmæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈmæŋɡəʊ/ [ˈmɛəŋɡoʊ] mangoes mangos n
manguier
A tropical Asian fruit tree, Mangifera indica.
mangue
A pickled vegetable or fruit with a spicy stuffing; a vegetable or fruit which has been mangoed.

mango juice mango juices n
jus de mangue jus de mangues
Juice produced from mangoes.

mangonel mangonels n
mangonneau
(historical) A military engine formerly used for throwing stones and burning objects.
(non-technical, often, proscribed) An onager (type of catapult).

mangosteen /ˈmæŋɡəstiːn/ mangosteens n
mangoustan mangouste brindone
A tropical fruit of the tree genus Garcinia.
The tree on which the fruit grows.

mangrove /ˈmæŋɡɹoʊv/ /ˈmæŋɡɹəʊv/ mangroves n
palétuvier manglier
Any of various tropical evergreen trees or shrubs that grow in intertidal coastal brackish waters.
mangrove
A habitat with such plants; mangrove forest; mangrove swamp; mangal.

mangy /ˈmeɪn.d͡ʒi/ mangier mangiest adj
galeux
Afflicted, or looking as if afflicted, with mange.

manhandle /ˈmænˌhæn.dəl/ v
agresser brutaliser malmener
(transitive) To assault or beat up a person.

manhole /mænhəʊl/ manholes n
regard d'égout trou d'homme
A hole in the ground used to access the sewers or other underground vaults and installations.

manhood /ˈmænhʊd/ manhoods n
humanité
The state or condition of being a human being.
virilité masculinité
The idealized nature of a man: all of the characteristics traditionally and ideally ascribed to manliness regarded collectively.
The self-concept of a man being with respect to his possession of the various qualities traditionally and ideally ascribed to manliness; a man's sense or view of himself as being more or less manly.

manhunt manhunts n
chasse à l'homme
An organized search for a criminal or enemy.

mania /ˈmeɪ.ni.ə/ manias n
manie
Violent derangement of mind; madness; insanity.
Excessive or unreasonable desire; insane passion affecting one or many people; fanaticism.

maniac /ˈmeɪniˌæk/ maniacs n
maniaque
An insane person, especially one who suffers from a mania.
maniaque cinglé cinglée
A fanatic, a person with an obsession.

maniacal /məˈnaɪək(ə)l/ more maniacal most maniacal adj
maniacal
Like a maniac; insane; frenzied.

manic /ˈmænɪk/ more manic most manic adj
allumé maniaque
Of or pertaining to someone who exhibits mania or craziness; wicked.
maniaque
(psychiatry) Suffering from mania, the state of an abnormally elevated or irritable mood, arousal, and/or energy levels.

manic-depressive more manic-depressive most manic-depressive adj
maniaco-dépressif
(dated) Relating to or exhibiting manic depression.

manicole /ˈmænəkəʊl/ /ˈmænəˌkoʊl/ manicoles n
palmiste manicole
(Guyana, chiefly, attributively) The Guyana manicole palm or manacachilla (Prestoea tenuiramosa), a species of palm tree native to South America; also, the wood of this tree.

manicule /ˈmæ.nɪ.kjuːl/ manicules n
manicule
(typography) A symbol resembling a hand with the index finger extended, used to draw attention to or indicate something.

manicure /ˈmæ.nɪ.kjʊɹ/ manicures n
manucure
A cosmetic treatment for the fingernails.

manicurist manicurists n
manucure
A person who performs manicures.

manifest /ˈmæn.ə.fɛst/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/ more manifest most manifest adj
manifeste
Evident to the senses, especially to the sight; apparent; distinctly perceived.

manifest /ˈmæn.ə.fɛst/ /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/ manifests n
manifeste bordereau
A list or invoice of the passengers or goods being carried by a commercial vehicle or ship.
manifeste déclaration mise au point proclamation profession de foi
(obsolete) A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto.

manifest destiny n
destinée manifeste
The political doctrine or belief held by the United States of America, particularly during its expansion, that the nation was destined to expand toward the west.
The political doctrine or belief held by many citizens of the United States of America that their system is best, and the idea that all humans would like to become Americans.
The belief that God supports the expansion of the United States of America throughout the entire North American continent except Mexico.

manifest typing n
typage explicite

manifestation /ˌmænɪfəˈsteɪʃən/ /ˌmænɪfɛˈsteɪʃən/ manifestations n
manifestation
The act or process of becoming manifest.
(medical) The symptoms or observable conditions which are seen as a result of some disease.

manifesto /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.toʊ/ /ˌmæn.əˈfɛs.təʊ/ /ˌmæn.ɪˈfɛs.təʊ/ manifesti manifestoes manifestos n
manifeste
A public declaration of principles, policies, or intentions, especially that of a political party.

manifold /ˈmænɪˌfoʊld/ /ˈmænɪˌfəʊld/ /ˈmɛniˌfoʊld/ /ˈmɛnɪˌfoʊld/ manifolds n
collecteur
(mechanics) A pipe fitting or similar device that connects multiple inputs or outputs.
variété
(mathematics) A topological space that looks locally like the "ordinary" Euclidean space \mathbb{R}^n and is Hausdorff.

manila paper n
papier bulle
(sometimes, capitalized) A stiff paper with a yellowish-brown finish made from hemp obtained from the abaca plant.

manioc /ˈmeɪ.niˌɑk/ /ˈmæ.ni.ɒk/ /ˈmæ.niˌɑk/ maniocs n
manioc
(countable, uncountable) The tropical plant Manihot esculenta, from which cassava and tapioca are prepared.
(uncountable) Cassava root, eaten as a food.
couac tapioca
(uncountable) A food starch prepared from the root.

maniple /ˈmænəpəl/ /ˈmænɪp(ə)l/ maniples n
manipule
(Ancient Rome, military) A division of the Roman army numbering 120 (or sometimes 60) soldiers exclusive of officers; (generally, obsolete) any small body of soldiers.
(Christianity, chiefly, historical) In Western Christianity, an ornamental band or scarf worn upon the left arm as a part of the vestments of a priest in the Roman Catholic Church, and sometimes the Church of England.

manipulate /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪt/ /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/ v
manipuler
(transitive) To influence, manage, direct, control or tamper with something

manipulation /məˌnɪp.juˈleɪ.ʃən/ manipulations n
manipulation
The practice of manipulating or the state of being manipulated.
The skillful use of the hands in, for example, chiropractic.
The usage of psychological influence over a person, event, or situation to gain a desired outcome.

manipulative /məˈnɪp.jə.leɪ.tɪv/ /məˈnɪp.jə.lə.tɪv/ [məˈnɪp.jə.leɪ.ɾɪv] more manipulative most manipulative adj
manipulateur
(pejorative) Reaching one's goals at the expense of other people by using them.

manipulator /məˈnɪpjʊleɪtə(ɹ)/ manipulators n
manipulateur
A device which can be used to move, arrange or operate something.

mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n
humanité genre humain
The human race in its entirety.
(obsolete) Human feelings; humanity.
hommes
Men collectively, as opposed to all women.

manky /ˈmæŋki/ mankier mankiest adj
dégueulasse sale dégoutant
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang) Unpleasantly dirty and disgusting.

manliness /ˈmænlɪnəs/ manlinesses n
masculinité virilité
The quality of being manly; the set of qualities, traits and abilities considered appropriate to men (as opposed to women or children); similarity to a man.

manly /ˈmænli/ manlier manliest adj
viril
Having the characteristics of a man.

manna /ˈmænə/ mannas n
manne
(biblical) Food miraculously produced for the Israelites in the desert in the book of Exodus.
(by extension) Any boon which comes into one's hands by good luck.

manna ash manna ashes n
frêne à fleurs frêne à manne frêne orne orne orne d’Europe orne à manne
An ash tree, Fraxinus ornus, native to southern Europe.

manned /mænd/ adj
avec équipage
Operated by, performed by, or transporting a person; crewed; piloted; staffed.

mannequin /ˈmænəˌkɪn/ mannequins n
mannequin
A dummy, or life-size model of the human body, used for the fitting or displaying of clothes.
A jointed model of the human body used by artists, especially to demonstrate the arrangement of drapery.
An anatomical model of the human body for use in teaching of e.g. CPR.
(dated) A person who models clothes.

manner /ˈmænə/ /ˈmænɚ/ manners n
manière façon mode
Mode of action; way of performing or doing anything

manner of articulation manners of articulation n
mode d'articulation
(phonetics, of a consonant) the configuration and interaction of the articulators (speech organs such as the tongue, lips, and palate) when making a speech sound

mannerism /ˈmænəˌɹɪzəm/ mannerisms n
manie maniérisme tic
A noticeable personal habit, a verbal or other (often, but not necessarily unconscious) habitual behavior peculiar to an individual.
maniérisme
Exaggerated or affected style in art, speech, or other behavior.

manners /ˈmæn.ɚz/ n
manières mœurs
Etiquette.

manny mannies n
assistant maternel
(informal) A male nanny (for children).

manoeuvrability manoeuvrabilities n
manœuvrabilité
(British spelling) The quality of being manoeuvrable; ability to be manoeuvred.

manograph manographs n
manographe
An optical device for making pressure volume diagrams for high-speed engines, involving a light-tight box or camera having at one end a small convex mirror reflecting a beam of light onto the ground glass or photographic plate at the other end. The mirror is pivoted so that it can be moved so as to copy the motion of the engine piston on a smaller scale.

manometer /məˈnɑmədəɹ/ /məˈnɑmɪtɚ/ /məˈnɒmɪtə/ manometers n
manomètre
An instrument to measure pressure in a fluid, especially a double-legged liquid column gauge used to measure the difference in the pressures of two fluids.

manometric adj
manométrique
Of or pertaining to manometry, or measured using a manometer

manometry manometries n
manométrie

manor /ˈmænə(ɹ)/ /ˈmænəɹ/ manors n
maison-forte
manoir
A landed estate.
seigneurie
A district over which a feudal lord could exercise certain rights and privileges in medieval western Europe.

manor house manor houses n
manoir

manpower n
main-d’œuvre

manservant /ˈmænˌsɜː(ɹ)vənt/ manservants menservants n
serviteur
A male servant.

mansion /ˈmæn.t͡ʃən/ /ˈmæn.ʃən/ mansions n
demeure manoir
A large house or building, usually built for the wealthy.

manslaughter manslaughters n
homicide involontaire homicide involontaire coupable
(law) The unlawful killing of a human, either in negligence or incidentally to the commission of some unlawful act, but without specific malice, or upon a sudden excitement of anger; considered less culpable than murder, but more culpable than justifiable homicide.

mansplain /manˈspleɪn/ /mænˈspleɪn/ v
mecspliquer pénispliquer

mansplainer mansplainers n
mecsplicateur

mansplaining /manˈspleɪnɪŋ/ /mænˈspleɪnɪŋ/ n
mecsplication mecspliquer

manta ray /ˈmæntə ɹeɪ/ manta rays n
raie manta
Any of several very large pelagic rays formerly of the genus Manta, now placed in genus Mobula, with winglike pectoral fins, a long tail, and two fins resembling horns that project from the head.

mantelpiece /ˈmæntlpiːs/ mantelpieces n
tablette de cheminée
A shelf that is affixed to the wall above a fireplace.

manticore /ˈmæntɪˌkɔɹ/ manticores n
manticore
(Greek mythology) A beast with the body of a lion (usually red), the tail of a scorpion, and the head/face of a man with a mouth filled with multiple rows of sharp teeth (like a shark), said to be able to shoot spikes from its tail or mane to paralyse prey. It may be horned, winged, or both; its voice is described as a mixture of pipes and trumpets.

mantid mantids n
mantidé

mantis /ˈmæntɪs/ mantes mantises n
mante
Any of various large insects of the order Mantodea that catch insects or other small animals with their powerful forelegs.

mantis shrimp mantis shrimp mantis shrimps n
crevette-mante squille
A stomatopod, a marine crustacean of the order Stomatopoda, with powerful claws and a carapace which covers only the rear part of the head and part of the thorax.

mantispid mantispids n
mantispidé

mantissa mantissae mantissas n
mantisse
(mathematics) The part of a common logarithm after the decimal point, the fractional part of a logarithm.

mantle /ˈmæn.təl/ mantles n
manteau
A piece of clothing somewhat like an open robe or cloak, especially that worn by Orthodox bishops. [from 9th c.]
(malacology) The body wall of a mollusc, from which the shell is secreted. [from 15th c.]
(geology) The layer between the Earth's core and crust. [from 20th c.]
les rênes manteau
(figuratively) Anything that covers or conceals something else; a cloak. [from 9th c.]
manchon
A gauzy fabric impregnated with metal nitrates, used in some kinds of gas and oil lamps and lanterns, which forms a rigid but fragile mesh of metal oxides when heated during initial use and then produces white light from the heat of the flame below it. (So called because it is hung above the lamp's flame like a mantel.) [from 19th c.]

mantle plume mantle plumes n
nuage de fumée
(geology) An upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere.

mantling mantlings n
lambrequin
(heraldry) The representation of a mantle, or the drapery behind and around a coat of arms.

mantou mantou n
mantou
Chinese steamed bun (without any filling)

mantra /ˈmæn.tɹə/ /ˈmɑn.tɹə/ /ˈmʌn.tɹə/ mantras n
mantra
(Hinduism) The hymn portions of the Vedas; any passage of these used as a prayer. [from 1808]
mantra incantation
(originally, Hinduism) A phrase repeated to assist concentration during meditation. [from 1956]
mantra slogan
(by extension) A slogan or phrase often repeated.

manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ /ˈmæn.j(ʊ)əl/ more manual most manual adj
manuel
(of an activity) Performed with the hands.

manual /ˈmæn.j(u)əl/ /ˈmæn.j(ʊ)əl/ manuals n
manuel
A booklet that instructs on the usage of a particular machine or product.

manual labor manual labors n
travail manuel
(American spelling) Work done by hand or using basic tools rather than by machines; usually physically demanding but (sometimes, _, pejorative) unskilled labor.

manual transmission manual transmissions n
boite de vitesses manuelle
(automotive) A multi-speed vehicle transmission, where gear changes require the driver to manually select the gears by operating a gear stick and clutch (which is usually a foot pedal for cars, or a hand lever for motorcycles).

manually adv
manuellement à la main
by hand

manufacture /ˌmanjəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanjʊˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmænjuˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ manufactures n
production
The action or process of making goods systematically or on a large scale.
production produit
Anything made, formed or produced; product.

manufacture /ˌmanjəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanjʊˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmanəˈfaktʃə/ /ˌmænjuˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌmænəˈfækt͡ʃɚ/ v
manufacturer
fabriquer produire
To make things, usually on a large scale, with tools and either physical labor or machinery.
(derogatory) To fabricate; to create false evidence to support a point.

manufacturer /ˌmænjəˈfækt͡ʃəɹɚ/ /ˌmænjʊˈfæktʃəɹə/ manufacturers n
fabricant fabricante
A person or company that manufactures.

manul manuls n
chat de Pallas manul
A small wild cat of Central Asia, Felis manul, syn, Otocolobus manul.

manumission /mænjʊˈmɪʃən/ manumissions n
affranchissement manumission
Release from slavery or other legally sanctioned servitude; the giving of freedom; the act of manumitting.

manumit /mænjʊˈmɪt/ v
affranchissement manumission
To release from slavery, to free.

manure /məˈn(j)ʊɹ/ /məˈnjɔː/ /məˈnjʊə/ manures n
fumier purin
Animal excrement, especially that of common domestic farm animals and when used as fertilizer. Generally speaking, from cows, horses, sheep, pigs and chickens.

manuscript /ˈmæn.jʊˌskɹɪpt/ adj
manuscrit
Handwritten, or by extension manually typewritten, as opposed to being mechanically reproduced.

manuscript /ˈmæn.jʊˌskɹɪpt/ manuscripts n
manuscrit
A book, composition or any other document, written by hand (or manually typewritten), not mechanically reproduced.
A single, original copy of a book, article, composition etc, written by hand or even printed, submitted as original for (copy-editing and) reproductive publication.

manuscript paper manuscript papers n
papier à musique
paper with blank printed staves for writing music

many /ˈmæni/ /ˈmɛni/ /ˈmɪni/ more most determiner
beaucoup nombreux plusieurs
An indefinite large number of.

many /ˈmæni/ /ˈmɛni/ /ˈmɪni/ (rare) manies n
le plus grand nombre
A multitude; a great aggregate; a mass of people; the generality; the common herd.

many /ˈmæni/ /ˈmɛni/ /ˈmɪni/ pronoun
beaucoup un grand nombre
An indefinite large number of people or things.

many a mickle makes a muckle /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪk(ə)l meɪks‿ə ˈmʌk(ə)l/ /ˌmɛni‿ə ˈmɪkəl meɪks‿ə ˈmʌkəl/ proverb
les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières petit à petit, l'oiseau fait son nid
(chiefly, Northern England, Scotland) A lot of small amounts, put together, become a large amount. [from 1793]

many hands make light work proverb
l'union fait la force
A large number of people co-operating can perform tasks easily.

many thanks interjection
merci beaucoup merci bien
An expression of gratitude, expressing greater gratitude than thank you or thanks.

manège manèges n
manège
The art of training and riding horses; dressage.
A riding school.
(UK) A riding arena (enclosed, but usually unroofed area, in contradistinction to a riding hall).

map /mæp/ maps n
carte plan
A visual representation of an area, whether real or imaginary, showing the relative positions of places and other features.
application
(mathematics) A function.

map /mæp/ v
cartographier
(transitive, followed by a "to" phrase) To create a direct relationship to; to create a correspondence with.
appliquer faire correspondre mapper
(mathematics, transitive, followed by a "to" phrase) To act as a function on something, taking it to something else.

map room n
cartothèque
A room in a library set aside for the storage and use of maps.

maple /ˈmeɪpl̩/ maples n
érable
A tree of the genus Acer, characterised by its usually palmate leaves and winged seeds.

maple leaf maple leaves n
feuille d'érable
The leaf of the maple tree.

maple sugar maple sugars n
sucre d'érable
A type of sugar made by boiling the sap of the sugar maple.

maple syrup maple syrups n
sirop d'érable sirop d’érable
Syrup made from the sap of the sugar maple, Acer saccharum

mapper mappers n
cartographe
One who produces a map.

mapping /ˈmæpɪŋ/ mappings n
cartographie
The process of making maps.
(biology) The process of locating genes on a chromosome.
mappage
(computing) Assigning a PC to a shared drive or printer port on a network.
application
(mathematics) A function that maps every element of a given mathematical structure (eg: a set) to a unique element of another structure; a correspondence.

maquis /maˈkiː/ /ˈmakiː/ n
maquis
(botany) Dense Mediterranean coastal scrub. [from 19th c.]
(historical) The French resistance movement during World War II, or other similar movements elsewhere. [from 1940s]

mar /mɑɹ/ /mɑː(ɹ)/ [mɑɹ] [mɑ˞] v
entacher
(transitive) To spoil; to ruin; to scathe; to damage.

marabou /ˈmæɹəbuː/ marabous n
marabout
Leptoptilos crumeniferus, a large wading bird native to Africa, with a naked head and neck adapted for scavenging.

maraschino cherry maraschino cherries n
cerise au marasquin
A preserved, sweetened cherry.

marasmus /məˈɹæz.məs/ marasmuses n
marasme

marathon /ˈmæɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmæɹəˌθɑn/ /ˈmæɹəθən/ /ˈmɛɹə(ˌ)θɔn/ /ˈmɛɹəˌθɑn/ marathons n
marathon
A 42.195 kilometre (26 mile 385 yard) road race.
(figuratively, by extension) Any extended or sustained activity.

maraud /mɘˈɹoːd/ /məˈɹɔd/ /məˈɹɔːd/ v
marauder
(intransitive) To move about in roving fashion looking for plunder.
piller
(transitive) To raid and pillage.

marauder /məˈɹɔːdə(ɹ)/ marauders n
maraudeur maraudeuse
Someone who moves about in roving fashion looking for plunder.

marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ /ˈmɑː.bəl/ marbles n
marbre
(uncountable, rock) A metamorphic rock of crystalline limestone. [from 12th c.]
bille canique grillot
(countable, games) A small ball used in games, originally of marble but now usually of glass or ceramic. [from 17th c.]

marble /ˈmɑɹ.bəl/ /ˈmɑː.bəl/ v
marbrer
(intransitive) To get or have the streaked or swirled appearance of certain types of marble, for example due to the incomplete mixing of viscous ingredients, or the uneven application of paint or other colorants.

marbled polecat marbled polecats n
putois marbré
Vormela peregusna, a polecat found from Eastern Europe to parts of China, with yellow and black markings on its back.

marbled white marbled whites n
demi-deuil échiquier
The large black-and-white chequered butterfly Melanargia galathea, of the family Nymphalidae.

marbles n
billes
Any of several children's games played with small balls (made of marble or more commonly glass).

marc /mɑɹk/ /mɑːk/ marcs n
marc
The refuse matter that remains after fruit, particularly grapes, has been pressed.

marcasite /ˈmɑɹ.kə.sɑɪ̯t/ /ˈmɑːkəsʌɪt/ /ˌmɑɹ.kəˈzit/ marcasites n
marcassite
(mineral) The orthorhombic form of iron disulfide, FeS2, occurring as yellow crystals. [from 19th c.]
(historical) Any of various metal sulfides, usually iron sulfide minerals. [from 15th c.]

marcassin /mɑːˈkasɪn/ marcassins n
marcassin
A young wild boar.

marcescent adj
marcescent
(botany, of an organ such as a leaf or blossom; rarely also, _, figurative) Withered, but still attached.

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ marches n
marche
A formal, rhythmic way of walking, used especially by soldiers, bands and in ceremonies.
Any song in the genre of music written for marching (see Wikipedia's article on this type of music)
(now, _, archaic, historical) A border region, especially one originally set up to defend a boundary.
(historical) A region at a frontier governed by a marquess.
défilé manifestation
A political rally or parade

march /mɑɹt͡ʃ/ /mɑːtʃ/ v
marcher
(intransitive) To walk with long, regular strides, as a soldier does.

marchioness /mɑɹʃəˈnɛs/ /ˈmɑɹʃənɪs/ marchionesses n
marquise
The wife of a marquess.

marcophily n
marcophilie
The branch of philately concerned with the study of postmarks.

marcot /ˈmɑː(ɹ)kɒt/ /ˈmɑː(ɹ)kət/ v
marcotter
(botany, transitive) To propagate by marcottage.

mare /mɛə/ /mɛɚ/ mares n
jument
An adult female horse.

mare's milk n
lait de jument
Milk from a mare.

margarine /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒəˌɹin/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ɹɪn/ /ˌmɑː.d͡ʒəˈɹiːn/ /ˌmɑː.ɡəˈɹiːn/ margarines n
margarine
A spread, manufactured from a blend of vegetable oils (some of which are hydrogenated), emulsifiers etc, mostly used as a substitute for butter.

margaritiferous more margaritiferous most margaritiferous adj
margaritifère
Producing pearls.

margay margays n
chat sauvage de la Nouvelle Espagne chat-tigre margay
Leopardus wiedii, a spotted cat native to Central and South America.

margherita pizza margherita pizzas n
pizza margherita
The traditional Neapolitan pizza, topped with basil, tomatoes and mozzarella

margin /ˈmɑːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈmɑːɹd͡ʒ(ə)n/ margins n
marge
(typography) The edge of the paper, typically left blank when printing but sometimes used for annotations etc.
The edge or border of any flat surface.
(finance) The yield or profit; the selling price minus the cost of production.

margin of error margins of error n
marge d'erreur
(statistics) An expression of the lack of precision in the results obtained from a sample.

marginal /ˈmaː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ /ˈmɑɹ.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒɪ.nəl/ more marginal most marginal adj
adjacent limitrophe voisin
(geography) Sharing a border; geographically adjacent.
marginal périphérique
(uncomparable) Of, relating to, or located at or near a margin or edge; also figurative usages of location and margin (edge).
marginal médiocre
(politics, chiefly, UK, Australia, NZ, of a constituency) Subject to a change in sitting member with only a small change in voting behaviour, this usually being inferred from the small winning margin of the previous election.
médiocre pauvre
Of a value, or having a characteristic that is of a value, that is close to being unacceptable or leading to exclusion from a group or category.

marginal cost marginal costs n
coût marginal
(economics) The increase in cost that accompanies a unit increase in output; the partial derivative of the cost function with respect to output.

marginalization marginalizations n
marginalisation
The act of marginalizing or something marginalized.

marginalize v
marginaliser
(transitive) To relegate (something, especially a topic or a group of people) to the margins or to a lower limit; to exclude socially or otherwise.

marginally /ˈmɑɹd͡ʒɪnəli/ /ˈmɑːd͡ʒɪnəli/ more marginally most marginally adv
marginalement
In a marginal manner, or to a marginal extent; barely sufficiently; slightly.

margravate /ˈmɑːɡɹəveɪt/ margravates n
margraviat
A territory governed by a margrave or margravine. [from 18th c.]

margrave /ˈmɑɹɡɹeɪv/ /ˈmɑːɡɹeɪv/ margraves n
margrave
(historical) A feudal era military-administrative officer of comital rank in the Carolingian empire and some successor states, originally in charge of a border area.
(historical) A hereditary ruling prince in certain feudal states of the Holy Roman Empire and elsewhere; the titular equivalent became known as marquis or marquess.

mari complaisant /məˌɹi kɑmplɛˈzɑnt/ /ˌmaɹi kɒ̃(m)plɛˈzɒ̃/ /ˌmaɹi ˈkɒ̃(m)plɛzɒ̃/ maris complaisants n
mari complaisant
A husband who tolerates his spouse's adultery. [from 19th c.]

marigold /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌɡəʊld/ /ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌɡoʊld/ marigolds n
souci
Any of the Old World plants, of the genus Calendula, with orange, yellow or reddish flowers.

marigram marigrams n
marégramme
(oceanography) A printed record of tidal levels.

marijuana /-ˈhwɑ-/ /ˌmæɹ-/ /ˌmæɹɪˈwɑː.nə/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈwɑ.nə/ marijuanas n
marijuana marihuana
The inflorescence of the Cannabis sativa plant, smoked or ingested for euphoric effect.

marimba /mə.ˈɹɪm.bə/ marimbas n
marimba
(musical instrument) A musical instrument similar to a xylophone but clearer in pitch.

marina /məˈɹinə/ marinas n
marina port de plaisance
A harbour for small boats.

marinade /ˌmaɹəˈneɪd/ /ˌmaɹɪˈneɪd/ /ˌmɛɹəˈneɪd/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈneɪd/ marinades n
marinade
A seasoned, often acidic liquid mixture in which food is marinated, or soaked, usually to flavor and prepare it for cooking.

marinate /ˈmæɹɪneɪt/ v
mariner
(ergative) To allow a sauce or flavoring mixture to absorb into something; to steep or soak something in a marinade to flavor or prepare it for cooking.

marine /məˈɹaɪn/ /məˈɹiːn/ /ˈmæɹɪn/ more marine most marine adj
marin maritime
Belonging to or characteristic of the sea; existing or found in the sea; formed or produced by the sea.

marine /məˈɹaɪn/ /məˈɹiːn/ /ˈmæɹɪn/ marines n
marinier
(military, nautical) A soldier, normally a member of a marine corps, trained to serve on board or from a ship.

marine aerodrome marine aerodromes n
hydroaérodrome

marine biologist marine biologists n
biologiste marin biologiste marine
Someone who studies marine biology.

marine biology n
biologie marine
(biology) The branch of biology dealing with organisms that live in the sea.

marine corps /məˈɹinˌkɔɹ/ /məˈɹinˌkɔɹz/ marine corps n
infanterie de marine troupes de marine
A military organization of marines, soldiers who are trained and equipped to fight on or from ships.

marine mammal marine mammals n
mammifère marin
A mammal which lives wholly in seawater, such as whales and dolphins, or that is restricted to coastal habitats and feeds on marine life, such as seals, sea cows, polar bears, and sea otters.

marine snow n
neige marine
(marine biology) Sinking organic detritus in the ocean.

marinize v
mariniser
(Oxford) to adapt for marine environments

marionette /ˌmæɹi.əˈnɛt/ marionettes n
marionnette
A puppet, usually made of wood, which is animated by the pulling of strings.

marionettist /ˌmæɹɪəˈnɛtɪst/ marionettists n
marionettiste
A puppeteer who controls a marionette.

marital /ˈmaɹɪtəl/ /ˈmæɹɪtəl/ adj
matrimonial
Pertaining to marriage.

marital rape marital rapes n
viol conjugal
(legal) The rape of one's own spouse.

marital status marital statuses n
situation familiale état matrimonial état civil
One of several discrete options describing a person's relationship with a significant other, such as single, married, divorced, widowed, civil union, domestic partnership, etc.

maritime /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌtaɪm/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪˌtɑɪm/ /ˈmɛɹ.əˌtaɪm/ /ˈmɛɹ.ɪˌtaɪm/ more maritime most maritime adj
maritime
Bordering on the sea; living near the seacoast; coastal.

maritime pine maritime pines n
pin maritime
A pine tree (Pinus pinaster), native to the western Mediterranean region.

marjoram /ˈmɑɹd͡ʒəɹəm/ /ˈmɑːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəm/ marjorams n
marjolaine
A herb of the mint family, Origanum majorana, having aromatic leaves.
The leaves of this plant used in flavouring food.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ marks n
marc
(historical) A half pound, a traditional unit of mass equivalent to 226.8 g.
note
A score for finding the correct answer, or other academic achievement; the sum of such points gained as out of a possible total. [from 19th c.]
trace
A visible impression or sign; a blemish, scratch, or stain, whether accidental or intentional. [from 9th c.]
marque signe
An indication or sign used for reference or measurement. [from 14th c.]
score
A score for a sporting achievement. [from 20th c.]
mark pièce
(historical) A half pound, a former English and Scottish currency equivalent to 13 shillings and fourpence and notionally equivalent to a mark of sterling silver.

mark /mæɹk/ /mɑɹk/ /mɑː(ɾ)k/ /mɑːk/ v
marquer
To put a mark on (something); to make (something) recognizable by a mark; to label or write on (something).
To create an indication of (a location).
noter marquer
(of things) To identify (someone as a particular type of person or as having a particular role).
marquer tacher
To distinguish (one person or thing from another).
corriger
(Canada, UK) To indicate the correctness of and give a score to (a school assignment, exam answers, etc.).

markedly /ˈmɑːkɪdli/ more markedly most markedly adv
nettement
In a marked manner; distinctly, noticeably, conspicuously.

marker /ˈmɑː(ɹ)kə(ɹ)/ markers n
marqueur
(paintball) A device that fires a paintball.
(biology) A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.
Someone or something used to mark a position or amount, particularly
(competition, _, law) A formal certification that a company was the first to approach a competition authority to reveal the existence of a cartel, generally entitling it to greater leniency during the cartel's dissolution and punishment.

marker pen marker pens n
marqueur
A pen, often with a thick tip made of felt.

market /ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˈmɑɹkɪt/ /ˈmɑːkɪt/ markets n
du marché
A gathering of people for the purchase and sale of merchandise at a set time, often periodic.
A grocery store
(obsolete) The price for which a thing is sold in a market; hence, value; worth.
marché du marché
City square or other fairly spacious site where traders set up stalls and buyers browse the merchandise.
A group of potential customers for one's product.
A geographical area where a certain commercial demand exists.
A formally organized, sometimes monopolistic, system of trading in specified goods or effects.
The sum total traded in a process of individuals trading for certain commodities.

market /ˈmɑɹkət/ /ˈmɑɹkɪt/ /ˈmɑːkɪt/ v
commercialiser
(transitive) To make (products or services) available for sale and promote them.

market capitalization market capitalizations n
capitalisation boursière
(finance) The total market value of the equity in a publicly traded entity.

market economy market economies n
économie de marché
An economy in which goods and services are exchanged in a market, as opposed to a state-controlled economy.

market equilibrium market equilibriums n
équilibre de marché

market failure market failures n
défaillance de marché défaillance du marché
(economics) A situation in which the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient.

market force market forces n
forces du marché

market garden market gardens n
maraichage
(chiefly, _, UK) A garden whose produce is mostly intended for sale.

market power n
pouvoir de marché

market price market prices n
prix de marché prix du marché
(economics) The price at which a product, financial instrument, service or other tradable item can be bought and sold at an open market; the going price.
prix de marché
On restaurant menus, used to mean the price charged depends on the price of supplies, which may vary.

market research n
étude de marché
(marketing) The systematic collection and evaluation of data regarding customers' preferences for actual and potential products and services.

market share market shares n
part de marché
The percentage of some market held by a company, country, (sub)sector or any other actor or aggregate.

market square market squares n
place du marché
An open area in a town housing a public market, often on just one day per week; a marketplace.

market town market towns n
bourg
A town that has a traditional right to hold a regular market.

market value market values n
valeur de marché valeur marchande valeur vénale
(finance) The price which a seller or insurer might reasonably expect to fetch for goods, services or securities on the open market.

marketing marketings n
marketing mercatique
(uncountable) The promotion, distribution and selling of a product or service; the work of a marketer; includes market research and advertising.

marketplace marketplaces n
marché
An open area in a town housing a public market.
(by extension) The world of commerce and trade.
place du marché marché
The space, actual or metaphorical, in which a market operates.

marking gauge marking gauges n
trusquin

marksman /ˈmɑɹksmən/ marksmen n
tireur d'élite
A man or person skilled at hitting targets, as with a firearm, bow, or thrown object.

markup /ˈmɑː(ɹ)k.ʌp/ markups n
marge
The percentage or amount by which a seller hikes up his buy-in price when determining his selling price.
majoration
An increase in price.
balisage balise
(computing) The notation that is used to indicate the meaning of the elements in an electronic document, or to dictate how text should be displayed.

markup language markup languages n
langage de balisage
(computer language) A computer language using markup.

marl /mɑɹl/ /mɑːl/ marls n
marne
A mixed earthy substance, consisting of carbonate of lime, clay, and possibly sand, in very variable proportions, and accordingly designated as calcareous, clayey, or sandy.

marl /mɑɹl/ /mɑːl/ v
marner
(nautical) To cover, as part of a rope, with marline, marking a peculiar hitch at each turn to prevent unwinding.

marlin /ˈmɑɹ.lɪn/ marlin marlins n
marlin makaire
Any species of game fish belonging to either of the genera Tetrapturus or Makaira, with a crested dorsal fin and a pointed, spear-like projection of the upper jaw.

marline marlines n
lusin
A light all-purpose cord commonly used to bind the end of a larger rope, to prevent fraying.

marmalade /ˈmɑɹ.mə.leɪd/ /ˈmɑː.mə.leɪd/ marmalades n
confiture confiture d'oranges marmelade d'oranges
(obsolete) quince jam

marmoreal /mɑɹˈmo.ɹi.əl/ /mɑːˈmɔː.ɹɪ.əl/ more marmoreal most marmoreal adj
marmoréen
Resembling marble or a marble statue; cold, smooth, white, etc.; marblelike.

marmoset /ˈmɑɹməsət/ /ˈmɑɹməzət/ marmosets n
marmouset ouistiti
A small monkey, now specifically a Central and South American monkey of the genera Callithrix, Mico, Cebuella, or Callibella, with claws instead of nails, and a rather primitive layout. [from 14th c.]

marmot /ˈmɑɹ.mət/ /ˈmɑː.mət/ marmots n
marmotte
Any of several large ground-dwelling rodents of the genera Marmota and Cynomys in the squirrel family.

maroon /məˈɹuːn/ /məˈɹəʉn/ /məˈɹʉːn/ more maroon most maroon adj
marron
Associated with Maroon culture, communities or peoples.
bordeaux marron pourpré
Of a maroon color

maroon /məˈɹuːn/ /məˈɹəʉn/ /məˈɹʉːn/ maroons n
bordeaux marron pourpré
A rich dark red, somewhat brownish, color.
Bushinengué marron marronne nègre libre nègre marron négresse libre
A castaway; a person who has been marooned. [from 19th c.]

marque /ˈmɑː(ɹ)k/ marques n
marque
A brand or make of a manufactured product, especially of a motor car (in contradistinction to a model).

marquess /ˈmɑɹ.kwɪs/ /ˈmɑː.kwɪs/ marquesses n
marquis
A title of nobility for a man ranking beneath a duke and above an earl.

marquetry /ˈmɑːkɪtɹi/ marquetries n
marqueterie
(uncountable, woodworking) A decorative technique in which veneers of wood, ivory, metal etc. are inlaid into a wooden surface to form intricate designs.

marquisate /ˈmɑː.kwɪ.sət/ marquisates n
marquisat
The territory held by a marquis, margrave or marchioness.

marram /ˈmæɹəm/ marrams n
oyat gourbet
Ammophila arenaria, a coarse grass found on sandy beaches.

marriage /ˈmeɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmæɹɪdʒ/ /ˈmɛɹɪdʒ/ marriages n
mariage
The state of being married. [from 14th c.]
(often, _, specifically) The union of two people of opposite sex, to the exclusion of all others.
(figuratively) A close union. [from 15th c.]
A joining of two parts.
mariage noces
A wedding; a ceremony in which people wed. [from 14th c.]

marriage agency marriage agencies n
agence de mariage
A business that endeavors to introduce men and women for the purpose of marriage, dating or penpals.

marriage certificate marriage certificates n
acte de mariage certificat de mariage
(law) An official record indicating that two individuals were legally married on the date of the certificate.

marriage guidance n
conseil conjugal thérapie de couple
(often, attributive) Advice or support about marriage, especially in the form of professional counselling, and typically given to couples looking to overcome problems in a relationship.

marriage of convenience marriages of convenience n
mariage de convenance
A marriage motivated by some reason other than love; especially one conducted to obtain entry or residence rights in a country.

marriageable more marriageable most marriageable adj
mariable nubile
Suitable for marriage; nubile.

married /ˈmæɹ.id/ /ˈmæɹ.ɪd/ /ˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
marié mariée
In a state of marriage; having a wife or a husband.

married couple married couples n
couple marié
Two people who are married to each other.

married name married names n
nom marital
The name a person (especially, in many cultures, a woman) takes upon marriage

marron glacé /məˌɹɑn ɡləˈseɪ/ /ˌmaɹɒ̃ ˈɡlaseɪ/ marrons glacés n
marron glacé
A chestnut preserved in sugar or syrup and flavoured with vanilla.

marrow /ˈmæɹoʊ/ /ˈmæɹəʊ/ /ˈmɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ marrows n
moelle moelle osseuse
(uncountable) The substance inside bones which produces blood cells.
courge courgette
(countable) A kind of vegetable like a large courgette/zucchini or squash.

marrowbone marrowbones n
os à moelle
A bone containing edible marrow. [from 14th c.]

marry /ˈmeɹ.i/ /ˈmæɹ.i/ /ˈmɛɹ.i/ v
épouser se marier
(intransitive) To enter into the conjugal or connubial state; to take a husband or a wife. [from 14th c.]
marier accorder en mariage accorder la main accorder pour épouse donner en mariage
(transitive) To arrange for the marriage of; to give away as wife or husband. [from 14th c.]
marier être marié
(transitive) To unite in wedlock or matrimony; to perform the ceremony of joining spouses; to bring about a marital union according to the laws or customs of a place. [from 16th c.]

marry me phraseologicalUnit
épouse-moi
the shortest form of marriage proposal

marry off v
marier
(idiomatic) To successfully arrange the marriage of someone, especially a relative.

marsh /mæʃ/ /mɑɹʃ/ /mɑː(ɹ)ʃ/ marshes n
marais
An area of low, wet land, often with tall grass.

marsh buck marsh bucks n
sitatunga
A swamp-dwelling antelope found throughout Central Africa, Tragelaphus spekii

marsh deer marsh deer n
cerf des marais
A large deer of the wetlands of South America, Blastocerus dichotomus.

marsh harrier marsh harriers n
busard busard des roseaux busard harpaye
Any member of the raptor genus Circus of similar appearance and habit to Circus aeruginosus.

marsh mallow marsh mallows n
guimauve
A European species of plant in the mallow family, Althaea officinalis, historically used medicinally and the source of what became the modern marshmallow confection (which no longer contains the plant).

marsh marigold marsh marigolds n
populage des marais
Caltha palustris, a perennial plant with bright yellow flowers.

marsh sandpiper marsh sandpipers n
chevalier stagnatile
A small wader, Tringa stagnatilis.

marsh thistle marsh thistles n
bâton-du-diable cirse des marais
A biennial or perennial herb (Cirsium palustre).

marsh tit marsh tits n
mésange nonnette
A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile palustris).

marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ marshals n
maréchal
(historical) A high-ranking officer in the household of a medieval prince or lord, who was originally in charge of the cavalry and later the military forces in general.
A military officer of the highest rank in several countries, including France and the former Soviet Union; equivalent to a general of the army in the United States. See also field marshal.
marshal
A person in charge of the ceremonial arrangement and management of a gathering.

marshal /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ v
canaliser
To gather data for transmission.

marshalling yard marshalling yards n
gare de triage

marshalship marshalships n
maréchalat
The position or role of a marshal.

marshmallow /mɑːʃˈmæləʊ/ /ˈmɑɹʃˌmæl.oʊ/ /ˈmɑɹʃˌmɛl.oʊ/ marshmallows n
guimauve chamallow marshmallow
A type of confectionery, originally (since Ancient Egyptian times) made from this plant, but now generally made of sugar or corn syrup, gelatin that has been presoftened in water, gum arabic, flavorings, and sometimes beaten egg whites, all whipped to a spongy consistency. [from 19th c.]
(figuratively) Someone who is soft and benign.

marshrutka marshrutkas n
marchroutka taxi collectif
(transport) A share taxi in the CIS countries, the Baltic states, and Bulgaria. The role of the modern marshrutka is similar to that of the minibus in other countries, except that some implementations of marshrutka allow passengers to stand.

marshy /ˈmɑɹʃi/ marshier marshiest adj
marécageux
Of, or resembling a marsh; boggy.

marsquake marsquakes n
séisme martien séisme

marsupial /mɑɹ.ˈsu.pi.əl/ /mɑː.ˈsuː.pi.əl/ marsupials n
marsupial
Any member of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia, including those where the female has a pouch in which it rears its young through early infancy, such as kangaroos, koalas, wombats and opossums, as well as the pouchless shrew opossums.

marsupium marsupia marsupiums n
marsupium
The external pouch in which female marsupials rear and feed the young.
A brood pouch in some fishes, crustaceans and insects in the family Monophlebidae.

marten /ˈmɑɹ.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tən/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ [ˈmɑɹ.ʔn̩] martens n
marte martre
Any carnivorous mammal of the genus Martes in the family Mustelidae.

martial /ˈmɑɹʃəl/ /ˈmɑːʃəl/ more martial most martial adj
martial
(comparable) Of, relating to, or suggestive of war; warlike.
(comparable) Connected with or relating to armed forces or the profession of arms or military life.
(comparable) Characteristic of or befitting a warrior; having a military bearing; soldierly.

martial art martial arts n
art martial
Any of several fighting styles which contain systematized methods of training for combat, both armed and unarmed; often practiced as a sport, e.g. boxing, karate, judo, silat, wrestling, or Muay Thai.

martial artist martial artists n
artiste martial
A practitioner and/or preceptor of martial arts.

martial law n
loi martiale
Rule by military authorities, especially when imposed on a civilian population in time of war or other crisis, or in an occupied territory.

martin /ˈmɑɹ.tɪn/ /ˈmɑː.tɪn/ martins n
martinet
Any of various passerine birds of the family Hirundinidae, which also includes swallows, that catch insects whilst flying.

martingale martingales n
martingale
A piece of harness used on a horse to keep it from raising its head above a desired point.
(nautical) A spar, or piece of rigging that strengthens the bowsprit.
(mathematics) A stochastic process for which the conditional expectation of future values given the sequence of all prior values is equal to the current value.
A gambling strategy in which one doubles the stake after each loss.

martini /mɑɹˈtini/ /mɑːˈtiːni/ martinis n
martini
(sometimes, proscribed) Any cocktail served in a cocktail glass, often sweet or fruity and aimed at women.

martlet martlets n
merlette
(heraldic charge) A depiction of a bird similar to a house martin or swallow with stylized feet.

martyr /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)] [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] martyrs n
martyr martyre chahid chahîd
One who willingly accepts being put to death for adhering openly to one's religious beliefs; notably, saints canonized after martyrdom.
martyr martyre
(by extension) One who sacrifices their life, station, or something of great personal value, for the sake of principle or to sustain a cause.
(with a prepositional phrase of cause) One who suffers greatly and/or constantly, even involuntarily.

martyr /ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈmɑːtə(ɹ)/ [ˈmɐːtə(ɹ)] [ˈmɐːɾə(ɹ)] [ˈmɑɹ.ɾɚ] v
martyriser
(transitive) To make someone into a martyr by putting them to death for adhering to, or acting in accordance with, some belief, especially religious; to sacrifice on account of faith or profession.

martyrdom /ˈmɑː(ɹ).tə(ɹ).dəm/ martyrdoms n
martyre
The condition of a martyr; the death of a martyr; the suffering of death on account of adherence to the Christian faith, or to any cause.
Extreme suffering, affliction; torment; torture, especially without reason.

martyrology martyrologies n
martyrologie
(Roman Catholicism, often, _, capitalized) A liturgical calendar of days for the commemoration of formally recognized saints, usually including some biographical notes.

martyry martyries n
martyrium
A shrine in honor of a (usually religious, notably Christian) martyr, possibly at his grave.

marvel /ˈmɑɹvl̩/ /ˈmɑːvl̩/ v
sublimé émerveillé être
(intransitive) To become filled with wonderment or admiration; to be amazed at something.

marvel of Peru n
belle-de-nuit merveille du Pérou
Mirabilis jalapa, an ornamental flowering plant from the Americas, used until the 19th century also medicinally.

marvellous /ˈmɑɹvələs/ /ˈmɑːvləs/ /ˈmɑːvələs/ more marvellous most marvellous adj
merveilleux
(British spelling) Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.

marvelous /ˈmɑɹvələs/ /ˈmɑːvləs/ /ˈmɑːvələs/ more marvelous most marvelous adj
merveilleux
(US spelling) Exciting wonder or surprise; astonishing; wonderful.

marzipan /ˈmɑɹtsəpæn/ /ˈmɑɹtsəpɑn/ /ˈmɑɹzəpæn/ /ˈmɑːzɪpæn/ /ˌmɑːzɪˈpæn/ marzipans n
massepain
A confection made from a paste of almonds, sugar and egg white as a binder.

masago n
masago
capelin roe

masala chai /məˈsɑːlə ˈtʃaɪ/ masala chais n
chai
Various beverages including sweetened black tea with milk and spices.

mascara /məsˈkɑːɹə/ /məˈskɑːɹə/ /ˌmæsˈkæɹə/ /ˌmæsˈkɑːɹə/ mascaras n
mascara rimmel ricil
A cosmetic used to darken and thicken the eyelashes.

mascaron /ˈmæskəˌɹɒn/ mascarons n
mascaron
(architectural element) A carved, ornamental face, usually human, sometimes frightening or chimeric whose alleged function was originally to frighten away evil spirits so that they would not enter the building.

mascarpone /ˌmæskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊni/ /ˌmɑːskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊneɪ/ /ˌmɑːskə(ɹ)ˈpəʊni/ mascarpones n
mascarpone
A soft, creamy Italian cheese that is not pressed or aged; often used in desserts.

mascot /ˈmæsˌkɑːt/ /ˈmæsˌkɒt/ mascots n
mascotte
Something thought to bring good luck.
Something, especially a person or animal, used to symbolize a sports team, company, organization or other group.

masculine /ˈmæskjələn/ /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/ more masculine most masculine adj
masculin
Of or pertaining to the male sex; biologically male, not female.
Belonging to males; typically used by males.
(of a noun) Being of the masculine class or grammatical gender, and inflected in that manner.

masculine /ˈmæskjələn/ /ˈmæskjʊlɪn/ masculines n
masculin
(grammar) The masculine gender.

masculinity /ˌmæskjəˈlɪnɪti/ masculinities n
masculinité
The degree or property of being masculine or manly; manliness.

masculinization masculinizations n
masculinisation
The act of making masculine.

masculinize v
masculiniser
(transitive) To make masculine; to give typically male characteristics.

masculism masculisms n
masculinisme masculisme
Support for patriarchy / male domination of women; opposition to equality for women; anti-feminism.

masculist more masculist most masculist adj
masculiniste
Of or relating to masculism.

masculist masculists n
masculiniste
A proponent or supporter of masculism.

masdar masdars n
masdar
(linguistics, chiefly, grammar) Arabic verbal noun, also used in Georgian grammar (მასდარი)

maser /ˈmeɪzɚ/ masers n
maser
(physics) a device for the coherent amplification or generation of electromagnetic radiation (especially of microwave frequency) by the use of excitation energy in resonant atomic or molecular systems

mash /mæʃ/ mashes n
purée brassin empâtage maische
(uncountable) A mass of mixed ingredients reduced to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure; a mass of anything in a soft pulpy state.
brassin empâtage maische mash
(brewing) Ground or bruised malt, or meal of rye, wheat, corn, or other grain (or a mixture of malt and meal) steeped and stirred in hot water for making the wort.

mash /mæʃ/ v
écraser empâter tremper
(transitive) To convert into a mash; to reduce to a soft pulpy state by beating or pressure
écraser
(ambitransitive) To press down hard (on).
empâter tremper
(transitive, UK, mostly, Northern England) To prepare a cup of tea in a teapot; to brew (tea).

mashallah interjection
mashallah
(Islam, ) Expressing the speaker's gratitude for a blessing or their recognition of divine intervention in its occurrence. God willed it.

mashed /mæʃt/ more mashed most mashed adj
écrasé
Broken up into a pulpy state.
bleu plein pompette rond
(informal) intoxicated

mashed potatoes n
patates pilées purée
(uncountable, or, in the plural) A dish consisting of potatoes that have been boiled, mashed to a pulpy consistency, and mixed with such ingredients as butter or milk.

mashrabiyya /məʃɹəˈbi.ə/ mashrabiyya mashrabiyyas n
moucharabieh

mask /mæsk/ /mɑːsk/ masks n
masque
A cover, or partial cover, for the face, used for disguise or protection.
That which disguises; a pretext or subterfuge.

mask of pregnancy masks of pregnancy n
masque de grossesse
(pathology) Synonym of melasma

masked /mæskt/ /mɑːskt/ more masked most masked adj
masqué
Wearing a mask or masks.

masked ball masked balls n
bal masqué
A ball (formal dance) in which the dancers wear masks or fancy dress

masked lapwing masked lapwings n
vanneau soldat
A large, common and conspicuous species of lapwing native to Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea, Vanellus miles.

masked palm civet masked palm civets n
civette palmiste à masque
A civet of species Paguma larvata, native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia.

masked shrike masked shrikes n
pie-grièche masquée
Lanius nubicus, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae).

masking tape masking tapes n
ruban de masquage
A pressure-sensitive tape made of a thin and easy-to-tear paper characterized by its ease of removal, not leaving adhesive behind. It is used mainly in painting, to mask off areas that should not be painted.

maskne n
maskné
(neologism, informal) Acne induced by wearing a mask.

masochism /ˈmæs.ə.kɪ.zəm/ /ˈmæz.ə.kɪ.zəm/ masochisms n
masochisme
The (often sexual) enjoyment of receiving pain or humiliation.

masochist /ˈmæ.səˌkɪst/ masochists n
masochiste
Someone who enjoys pain or humiliation, or who derives pleasure from harming oneself or being harmed by others.

mason /ˈmeɪsən/ masons n
maçon maçonne
A bricklayer, one whose occupation is to build with stone or brick

masonry /ˈmeɪsənɹi/ masonries n
maçonnerie
The art or occupation of a mason.
That which is built by a mason; anything constructed of the materials used by masons, such as stone, brick, tiles, or the like. Dry masonry is applied to structures made without mortar.

masquerade /ˈmæskəˌɹeɪd/ /ˈmɑːs-/ /ˌmæskəˈɹeɪd/ /ˌmɑːs-/ masquerades n
mascarade bal masqué
An assembly or party of people wearing (usually elaborate or fanciful) masks and costumes, and amusing themselves with dancing, conversation, or other diversions.

masquerade /ˈmæskəˌɹeɪd/ /ˈmɑːs-/ /ˌmæskəˈɹeɪd/ /ˌmɑːs-/ v
déguiser
(intransitive) To take part in a masquerade; to assemble in masks and costumes; (loosely) to wear a disguise.

mass /mæs/ /mɑs/ masses n
masse
(physics) A measure of the inertia of a mass of matter, one of four fundamental properties of matter. SI unit of mass: kilogram.
(medicine) A palpable or visible abnormal globular structure; a tumor.
A quantity of matter cohering together so as to make one body, or an aggregation of particles or things which collectively make one body or quantity, usually of considerable size.
(bodybuilding) Excess body weight, especially in the form of muscle hypertrophy.
(pharmaceutical drug) A medicinal substance made into a cohesive, homogeneous lump, of consistency suitable for making pills; as, blue mass.
A large quantity; a sum.
Bulk; magnitude; body; size.

mass /mæs/ /mɑːs/ masses n
messe
(Christianity) Celebration of the Eucharist.
(Christianity, usually as the Mass) The sacrament of the Eucharist.
A musical setting of parts of the mass.

mass communication n
communication de masse
Communication directed to the mass of the people or through mass media.

mass extinction mass extinctions n
extinction massive
(evolutionary theory, geology) A sharp decrease in the total number of species in a relatively short period of time; specifically, a loss of ∼75% of all species on the planet over a geologically interval of less than 3 million years, as a result of a mass extinction event.

mass funeral mass funerals n
obsèques collectives

mass grave mass graves n
charnier fosse commune
A grave containing many corpses.

mass media n
médias de masse mass-médias
Collectively, the communications media, especially television, radio, and newspapers, that reach the mass of the people.

mass murder mass murders n
tuerie de masse
The killing of a large number of people over a short period of time.

mass murderer mass murderers n
meurtrier de masse tueur de masse
Someone who commits a mass murder.

mass noun mass nouns n
nom indénombrable nom non comptable nom massif
A noun that normally cannot be counted.

mass number mass numbers n
nombre de masse
(physics, chemistry) The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. Symbol: A

mass shooting /mæsˈʃutɪŋ/ [mæsˈʃuɾɪŋ] mass shootings n
fusillade
(chiefly, US, crime) The shooting of multiple people over a short period of time, particularly when there are many victims and/or the victims are chosen indiscriminately.

mass spectrometry mass spectrometries n
spectrométrie de masse
(physics, analytical chemistry) An analytical technique that measures the mass / charge ratio of the ions formed when a molecule or atom is ionized, vaporized and introduced into a vacuum. Mass spectrometry may also involve breaking molecules into fragments - thus enabling its structure to be determined.

mass start mass starts n
mass start
(sport) A format of starting in certain racing sports, such as long-distance running, cycling and biathlon, where the competitors start at the same time and same place and proceed along the same course.

mass vaccination centre mass vaccination centres n
vaccinodrome
Large facilities enabled to vaccinate.

massacre /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/ massacres n
massacre
The killing of a considerable number (usually limited to people) where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and/or contrary to civilized norms.

massacre /ˈmæs.ə.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈmæs.ə.kɚ/ v
massacrer
(transitive) To kill in considerable numbers where little or no resistance can be made, with indiscriminate violence, without necessity, and contrary to civilized norms. (Often limited to the killing of human beings.)

massage /məˈsɑd͡ʒ/ /məˈsɑʒ/ /məˈsɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈmæsɑː(d)ʒ/ massages n
massage
The action of rubbing, kneading or hitting someone's body, to help the person relax, prepare for muscular action (as in contact sports) or to relieve aches.

massage /məˈsɑd͡ʒ/ /məˈsɑʒ/ /məˈsɑː(d)ʒ/ /ˈmæsɑː(d)ʒ/ v
masser
(transitive) To rub and knead (someone's body or a part of a body), to perform a massage on (somebody).

massage parlor massage parlors n
salon de massage
A place that offers a happy ending (a hand job) after the massage; a front organization for a brothel.

massage table massage tables n
table de massage
A table used by massage therapists to position the client to receive a massage.

massasauga /-ˈsɑ-/ /ˌmasəˈsɔːɡə/ /ˌmæsəˈsɔɡə/ massasaugas n
massasauga
The rattlesnake Sistrurus catenatus (formerly Crotalinus catenatus) in the family Viperidae, found in three subspecies.

masses /ˈmæs.ɪz/ n
masses
(generically) People, especially a large number of people; the general population.

masseter /maˈsiː.tə/ /mæˈsi.tɚ/ /məˈsi.tɚ/ masseters n
masséter
(muscle) The large muscle which runs through the rear part of the cheek from the temporal bone to the lower jaw on each side, raises the lower jaw, and assists in mastication.

masseur /məˈsɜː/ /məˈsɝ/ /məˈsʊɹ/ masseurs masseuse n
masseur masseuse
(massage) A person (especially male) who performs massage.

masseuse /maˈsɜːz/ /məˈsuːs/ /məˈsʊz/ masseur masseuses n
masseuse
A woman who performs massage; a female masseur.

massif /mæˈsiːf/ /ˈmæsɪf/ massifs n
massif
A principal mountain mass.

massify v
massifier
(transitive, and, intransitive, anthropology) To become, or cause to become, oriented toward mass production, mass consumption, and high throughput rather than individuality.

massive /ˈmæs.ɪv/ more massive most massive adj
massif
(medicine) Affecting a large portion of the body, or severe.

massively multiplayer online role-playing game massively multiplayer online role-playing games n
jeu de rôle en ligne massivement multijoueur
An online computer role-playing game in which a large number of players can interact with one another.

massotherapy massotherapies n
massothérapie

mast /mæst/ /mɑːst/ masts n
mât
(nautical, communications, aviation) A tall, slim post or tower, usually tapering upward, used to support, for example, sails or observation platforms on a ship, the main rotor of a helicopter, flags, floodlights, meteorological instruments, or communications equipment, such as an aerial, usually supported by guy-wires (except in the case of a helicopter). [from 9th c.]
faine mât
The fruit of forest-trees (beech, oak, chestnut, pecan, etc.), especially if having fallen from the tree, used as fodder for pigs and other animals. [from 10th c.]

mast cell mast cells n
mastocyte
A resident cell of connective tissue that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

mastaba /mæˈstaːbə/ /ˈmæstəbə/ mastabas n
mastaba
(architecture) A rectangular structure with a flat top and slightly sloping sides, built during Ancient Egyptian times above tombs that were situated on flat land. Mastabas were made of wood, mud bricks, stone, or a combination of these materials. Some are solid structures, while others can contain one or more rooms, sometimes decorated with paintings or inscriptions.

mastalgia mastalgias n
mastalgie
(medicine) Breast pain.

mastectomy /ˌmæˈstɛktəmi/ mastectomies n
mastectomie
The surgical procedure to remove all or part of a breast and sometimes nearby tissues.

master /ˈmas.tə/ /ˈmaːs.tə/ /ˈmæs.tɚ/ /ˈmɑs.tə/ /ˈmɑːs.tə/ masters mistress n
maître
Someone who has control over something or someone.
The owner of an animal or slave.
An expert at something.
The original of a document or of a recording.

master /ˈmas.tə/ /ˈmaːs.tə/ /ˈmæs.tɚ/ /ˈmɑs.tə/ /ˈmɑːs.tə/ v
maîtriser
(transitive) To become the master of; to subject to one's will, control, or authority; to conquer; to overpower; to subdue.

master class master classes n
classe de maître
(education) A class, typically in a performing art such as music or drama, in which a teacher listens to and critiques the performance of individual students, one at a time, while the other students look on.

master craftsman master craftsmen n
maître artisan
A master of a specific trade or craft who may employ and train apprentices.

master cylinder master cylinders n
maître-cylindre
(engineering) A control device that converts nonhydraulic pressure into hydraulic pressure.

master key master keys n
passe-partout passe passepartout
A key designed to open a set of several locks; a passkey.

master of ceremonies masters of ceremonies n
maître de cérémonie
Someone who acts as a host at a formal event.
Someone who conducts a programme of varied entertainment, for example by introducing performers to the audience.
MC
(rap, _, music) A rapper.

master race master races n
race supérieure
(especially, Nazism) A race of people who are superior to others.

master's degree master's degrees n
master maîtrise
A postgraduate degree which aims to assist students in developing a mastery for a particular academic field or profession.

master's thesis master's theses n
mémoire
A thesis submitted for a master's degree.

mastermind /ˈmæs.tɚˌmaɪnd/ /ˈmɑː.stə.mʌɪnd/ masterminds n
cerveau tête
A person with an extraordinary intellect or skill that is markedly superior to his or her peers.
cerveau
A person responsible for the highest level of planning and execution of a major operation.

mastermind /ˈmæs.tɚˌmaɪnd/ /ˈmɑː.stə.mʌɪnd/ v
diriger organiser
To act in the role of mastermind.

masterpiece /ˈmæstɚˌpis/ /ˈmɑːstəˌpiːs/ masterpieces n
chef-d'œuvre chef-d’œuvre
A piece of work that has been given much critical praise, especially one that is considered the greatest work of a person's career.

masterstroke masterstrokes n
coup de maître prouesse
An action which demonstrates great skill or artistry.

masterwork masterworks n
chef-d’œuvre
A piece done to prove possession of skill sufficient to be ranked a master.

masterwort /ˈmɑːstəwəːt/ masterworts n
impératoire
Peucedanum ostruthium, an umbelliferous plant grown in gardens, formerly much used for medicinal purposes. [from 16th c.]
astrance
Astrantia spp., such as the great masterwort.

mastery /ˈmæs.tɚ.i/ /ˈmɑːs.t(ə.)ɹi/ masteries n
maîtrise
The act or process of mastering; the state of having mastered; expertise.

mastic /ˈmæstɪk/ mastics n
arbre au mastic pistachier lentisque
An evergreen shrub or small tree, Pistacia lentiscus (mastic tree), native to the Mediterranean.
mastic
(especially, Commonwealth English) Any of various cements, usually flexible and waterproof, used as an adhesive, sealant, caulk, or filler.

mastication /mæstɪˈkeɪʃən/ mastications n
mastication
(physiology) The process of chewing.
The process of crushing as though chewed.

mastiff /ˈmæstɪf/ mastiffs mastives n
dogue
One of an old breed of powerful, deep-chested, and smooth-coated dogs, used chiefly as watchdogs and guard dogs.

mastitis /mæsˈtaɪtɪs/ mastitides mastitises n
mastite
(pathology) Inflammation of a breast.

mastodon /ˈmæs.tə.dɒn/ /ˈmæstədɑn/ /ˈmæstədən/ mastodons n
mastodonte
Extinct elephant-like mammal of the genus †Mammut that flourished worldwide from Miocene through Pleistocene times; differs from elephants and mammoths in the form of the molar teeth.

masturbate /ˈmaː.stə.bæɪt/ /ˈmæ.stə.beɪt/ /ˈmæs.tɚ.beɪt/ v
masturber
(intransitive) To stimulate oneself sexually, especially by use of one’s hand or a sex toy made for this purpose, often to the point of ejaculation or orgasm.

masturbation /ˌmæstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌmæstɚˈbeɪʃən/ /ˌmɑːstəˈbeɪʃ(ə)n/ masturbations n
masturbation onanisme branlette crosse
Manual erotic stimulation of the genitals or other erotic regions, often to orgasm, either by oneself or by a partner.

masturbator masturbators n
masturbateur masturbatrice
(sometimes, pejorative) Someone who masturbates.

masturbatorium /ˌmæstɜː(ɹ)bəˈtɔːɹi.əm/ masturbatoriums n
masturbatorium
(US, rare) A room in which a person masturbates; for example, a private room in a clinic where a sperm donor masturbates to produce semen.

masturbatory /ˈmæs.tɚ.bəˌtɔːr.i/ /ˌmæs.tɜː(ɹ)ˈbeɪ.tə.ɹi/ more masturbatory most masturbatory adj
masturbatoire
Of or relating to masturbation.

masu /ˈmasuː/ masu n
masu
A square wooden box, originally used to measure rice in Japan during the feudal period.

mat /mæt/ [mæʔ(t̚)] mats n
tapis natte paillasson carpette
A flat piece of coarse material used for wiping one’s feet, or as a decorative or protective floor covering.
épais fouillis
A thickly tangled mess.

matachin matachines matachins n
matassin
A carnivalesque dance with swords and bucklers, traditionally performed in Spain by costumed troupes.

matador /ˈma.tə.dɔː/ /ˈmæ.tə.dɔɹ/ matadora matadores matadors n
matador
(bullfighting) The person whose aim is to kill the bull in a bullfight.

matamata matamatas n
matamata
A side-necked turtle of species Chelus fimbriata, whose shell resembles a dead leaf.

match /mæt͡ʃ/ matches n
match
(sports) A competitive sporting event such as a boxing meet, a baseball game, or a cricket match.
allumette
A device made of wood or paper, at the tip coated with chemicals that ignite with the friction of being dragged (struck) against a rough dry surface.

match /mæt͡ʃ/ v
correspondre accorder concorder
(transitive) To agree with; to be equal to; to correspond to.
combiner
(transitive) To make a successful match or pairing.

match fixing n
match arrangé match truqué
(sports) The act of losing, or playing to a pre-determined result, in sports matches after betting against oneself.

match point match points n
balle de match
(sports, tennis) A state in a game where a player can win the entire match by winning the next point. Often used in tennis.

matcha /ˈmæ.tʃə/ /ˈmɑ.t͡ʃə/ matchas n
matcha maccha
A type of powdered green tea, traditionally used in Japanese tea ceremonies.

matchbox matchboxes n
boîte d'allumettes
A small cardboard box in which matches are kept.

matching /ˈmæt͡ʃɪŋ/ best matching better matching adj
correspondant semblable
The same as another; sharing the same design.

matchmaker matchmakers n
marieur entremetteur marieuse entremetteuse apparieur apparieuse
Someone who finds suitable dates or marriage partners for other people.
allumettier allumettière
Someone who makes matchsticks.

matchmaking /ˈmæt͡ʃˌmeɪkɪŋ/ matchmakings n
matchmaking
An attempt to make two people romantically interested in each other, especially an attempt to set up a date between people or to arrange a marriage.

matchstick matchsticks n
allumette
A small, slender piece of wood or cardboard serving as a component of a match.

mate /meɪt/ mates n
pote
copain camarade
(colloquial, British, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, sometimes elsewhere in the Commonwealth) A friend, usually of the same sex.

mate /meɪt/ v
s'assembler
s'accoupler
(intransitive) To copulate.

mater lectionis /ˈmeɪtə lɛktiˈəʊnɪs/ /ˈmeɪtɚ lɛktiˈoʊnɪs/ matres lectionis n
mater lectionis
(phonology) A consonant letter used to represent a vowel sound in Semitic scripts.

material /məˈtiɹ.i.əl/ /məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ more material most material adj
matériel matériau
Having to do with matter; consisting of matter.
Worldly, as opposed to spiritual.

material /məˈtiɹ.i.əl/ /məˈtɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ materials n
matériau matière
Matter which may be shaped or manipulated, particularly in making something.
matériel matériau
Text written for a specific purpose.
A sample or specimens for study.
tissu étoffe
Cloth to be made into a garment. Fabric.
documentation
Related data of various kinds, especially if collected as the basis for a document or book.

materialism /məˈtɪəɹiəlɪzəm/ /məˈtɪɹiəlɪzəm/ materialisms n
matérialisme
Constant concern over material possessions and wealth; a great or excessive regard for worldly concerns.
(philosophy) The philosophical belief that nothing exists beyond what is physical.

materialist /məˈtiːɹɪəlɪst/ materialists n
matérialiste
Someone who is materialistic, concerned only with material possessions.

materialistic /məˌtɪəɹ.i.əˈlɪs.tɪk/ more materialistic most materialistic adj
matérialiste
Being overly concerned with material possessions and wealth.

materiel /mətɪəɹɪˈɛl/ /mətɪɹiˈɛl/ /mətɪɹˈjɛl/ materiels n
matériel
Military equipment, apparatus, and supplies.

maternal /məˈtɜːnəl/ /məˈtɝnəl/ more maternal most maternal adj
maternel
Of or pertaining to a mother; having the characteristics of a mother; motherly.
Related through the mother, or her side of the family.

maternal aunt maternal aunts n
tante
A sister of one's mother.
A sister-in-law of one's mother; the wife or ex-wife of a maternal uncle.
An aunt on one's mother's side of the family, including both

maternal custody n
garde maternelle
(legal) An arrangement whereby only the mother has physical and legal custody of a child while the father has visitation rights.

maternal death maternal deaths n
mort de grossesse mort obstétrique
The death of a woman that occurs directly related to the procreative process; obstetric death.

maternal grandfather maternal grandfathers n
[[grand-père]] maternel
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see maternal,‎ grandfather. (This entry is a translation hub.)

maternal grandmother maternal grandmothers n
grande-mère maternelle
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see maternal,‎ grandmother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

maternal uncle maternal uncles n
oncle maternel
The brother or brother-in-law of one’s mother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

maternity hospital maternity hospitals n
maternité
A hospital that provides assistance during childbirth.

maternity leave maternity leaves n
congé de maternité
A leave of absence from a job for a mother to care of a baby.

maternity ward maternity wards n
maternité
A hospital ward that provides assistance during childbirth.

mates' rates n
prix d'ami

math /mæθ/ maths n
maths
(informal, uncountable, North America, Philippines) Arithmetic calculations; (see do the math).

mathematical /ˌmæθəˈmætəkəl/ /ˌmæθəˈmætɪkəl/ more mathematical most mathematical adj
mathématique
Of, or relating to mathematics

mathematically more mathematically most mathematically adv
mathématiquement
According to or using mathematics.

mathematician /ˌmæθ(.ə)məˈtɪʃ.ən/ mathematicians n
mathématicien mathématicienne
An expert on mathematics.

mathematics /mæθ(ə)ˈmætəks/ /mæθ(ə)ˈmætɪks/ n
mathématiques
An abstract representational system studying numbers, shapes, structures, quantitative change and relationships between them.
A person's ability to count, calculate, and use different systems of mathematics at differing levels.

mathematizable more mathematizable most mathematizable adj
mathématisable
(chiefly, philosophy, and, science) Capable of being analyzed or described using mathematical concepts or notation.

mathematize v
mathématiser
(transitive) To describe in terms of a mathematical equation.

maths /mæs/ /mæθs/ /mɛts/ n
maths
(informal, Commonwealth, rarely Canada)

matinee /ˈmætɪˌneɪ/ matinees n
matinée
A showing of a movie, sporting event, or theatrical performance in the morning or afternoon.

mating /ˈmeɪtɪŋ/ matings n
accouplement monte
(zoology) Pairing of organisms for copulation.

mating call mating calls n
chant nuptial
A sound made by an animal to attract a member of the opposite sex for breeding.

mating season mating seasons n
saison des amours
(zoology) The time of the year during which members of a certain species of animal tend to mate.

matins n
matines
Together with lauds, the earliest of the canonical hours; traditionally prayed at sunrise or earlier.

matriarch /ˈmeɪtɹiɑɹk/ /ˈmeɪtɹɪˌɑːk/ matriarchs n
matriarche
A female leader of a family, a tribe or an ethnic or religious group.

matriarchal more matriarchal most matriarchal adj
matriarcal
Governed by (or as if by) a matriarch.

matriarchate /ˈmeɪtɹiɑːkət/ matriarchates n
matriarcat
The position of a matriarch.

matriarchy matriarchies n
matriarcat
The dominance of women in social or cultural systems.

matricide matricides n
matricide
The killing of one's mother.
A person who kills his or her mother.

matriculation /məˌtrɪkjəˈleɪʃən/ /məˌtrɪkjʊˈleɪʃən/ matriculations n
inscription
Enrollment in a college or university.
examen d'admission
A pass in some university examinations.

matrifocal more matrifocal most matrifocal adj
matrifocale

matrilaterally adv
matrilatéralement

matrilineage matrilineages n
matrilignage

matrilineal /ˌmeɪtɹɪˈlɪnɪəl/ /ˌmætɹɪ-/ adj
matrilinéaire
(anthropology) Tracing descent only through female ancestors.

matrilocal /ˌmæ.tɹəˈloʊ.kəl/ /ˌmæ.tɹɪˈloʊ.kəl/ /ˌmæ.tɹɪˈləʊ.kəl/ adj
matrilocal

matrilocality n
matrilocalité

matrimony /ˈmat.ɹɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈmæt.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ matrimonies n
mariage
(uncountable) Marriage; the state of being married.

matristic more matristic most matristic adj
matristique
(feminism) Being or relating to a prehistoric female-led society based around Mother Goddess worship.

matristics n
matristique
The study of women who were involved in the early Christian church.

matrix /mæːʈ.rɪks/ /mɛʈ.rɪks/ /ˈmeɪ.tɹɪks/ /ˈmæt.ɹɪks/ /ˈmæɪ.tɹɪks/ matrices matrixes n
matrice
(biology) An extracellular matrix, the material or tissue between the cells of animals or plants.
(mathematics) A rectangular arrangement of numbers or terms having various uses such as transforming coordinates in geometry, solving systems of linear equations in linear algebra and representing graphs in graph theory.
(computing) A two-dimensional array.

matroid matroids n
matroïde

matron /ˈmeɪtɹən/ matrons n
matrone
A mature or elderly woman.

matronymic /ˌmætɹəˈnɪmɪk/ adj
matronymique
Of, relating to, or derived from the given name of one's mother.
By extension; of, relating to, or derived from the given name of a female ancestor.

matsutake /maːtsuːˈtaːkeɪ/ /maːtsuːˈtaːkiː/ matsutakes n
champignon des pins matsutake

matte /mæt/ more matte most matte adj
mat mate
(American spelling) Dull; not reflective of light.

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] matters n
matière
(physics) The basic structural component of the universe, usually having mass and volume.
(physics) Matter made up of normal particles, not antiparticles.
A kind of substance.
question affaire
An affair, condition, or subject, especially one of concern or (especially when preceded by the) one that is problematic.
matière substance
(countable, law) Legal services provided by a lawyer or firm to their client in relation to a particular issue.
cause matière
(obsolete) (The) inducing cause or reason, especially of anything disagreeable or distressing.

matter /ˈmætə/ /ˈmætɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
compter importer
(intransitive, stative) To be important. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, in negative constructions, now, England, _, regional, Caribbean) To care about, to mind; to find important. [from 17th c.]

matter of life and death matters of life and death n
affaire de vie ou de mort question de vie ou de mort
Something whose outcome could result in either someone's survival or their death

matter of time n
question de temps
(idiomatic) An inevitable result; something that is bound to happen.

mattock /ˈmætək/ mattocks n
pioche-hache
An agricultural tool whose blades are at right angles to the body, similar to a pickaxe.

mattress /ˈmætɹɪs/ mattresses n
matelas
A pad on which a person can recline and sleep, usually having an inner section of coiled springs covered with foam or other cushioning material then enclosed with cloth fabric.

mattress protector mattress protectors n
protège-matelas
An item of removable bedding that sits on top of or encases a mattress to protect it from stains and sometimes to protect the sleeper from allergens and irritants.

maturation maturations n
maturation
The process of becoming mature.

maturational more maturational most maturational adj
maturationnel

mature /məˈt(j)ʊəɹ/ /məˈtjʊə/ /məˈt͡ʃɔː/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊə/ maturer maturest more mature most mature adj
mûr mature
Fully developed; grown up in terms of physical appearance, behaviour or thinking; ripe.
mûr mûre
Profound; careful.

mature /məˈt(j)ʊəɹ/ /məˈtjʊə/ /məˈt͡ʃɔː/ /məˈt͡ʃɝ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /məˈt͡ʃʊə/ v
mûrir s'affiner
(intransitive, of food, especially fruit) To attain maturity, to become mature or ripe.
mûrir
(intransitive, of a person) To proceed toward or become mature or full-grown, either physically or psychologically; to gain experience or wisdom with age.
arriver à échéance
(intransitive, finance) To reach the date when payment is due.

maturity /məˈtjʊəɹəti/ /məˈtʊəɹəti/ /məˈt͡ʃʊəɹəti/ maturities n
maturité
The state of being mature, ready or ripe; the prime state of productibility and self expression.
When bodily growth has completed and/or reproduction can begin.

maturity date maturity dates n
échéance
(finance) The date on which a principal amount of a note, draft, acceptance bond, or other debt instrument becomes due or payable.

matutinal /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /-ˈt͡ʃʊ-/ /məˈt(j)utənl̩/ /məˈtjuːtɪnl̩/ /ˈmæt͡ʃəˌtaɪn(ə)l/ /ˌmætjʊˈtaɪnl̩/ [-ɾə-] adj
matutinal
Of, occurring in, or relating to the morning, especially the early morning upon waking up.

matzo /ˈmætsə/ /ˈmætsəʊ/ /ˈmɑːtsoʊ/ /ˈmɑːtsə/ /ˌmɑːˈtsɑː/ matzos matzot matzoth n
matza
(uncountable) Thin, unleavened bread in Jewish cuisine.

maudlin /ˈmɑːd.lɪn/ /ˈmɔːd.lɪn/ more maudlin most maudlin adj
larmoyant démonstratif hystérique pleurnicheur
Affectionate or sentimental in an effusive, tearful, or foolish manner, especially because of drunkenness. [from 17th c.]
sentimental affecté histrionique maniéré mièvre pleurnicheur
Extravagantly or excessively sentimental; mawkish, self-pitying. [from 17th c.]

maul /mɔːl/ mauls n
merlin
A heavy long-handled hammer, used for splitting logs by driving a wedge into them, or in combat.

maul /mɔːl/ v
maltraiter
To handle someone or something in a rough way.
amocher
To savage; to cause serious physical wounds (usually used of an animal).
casser du sucre sur le dos de
(figuratively) To criticise harshly.

maulstick /ˈmɔːl.stɪk/ maulsticks n
appui-main
(arts) A short stick with a pad on one end, used by a painter to steady their hand, and to prevent it from accidentally touching the painting.

maunch /mɑːnt͡ʃ/ maunches n
manche
(heraldiccharge) A long stylised sleeve.

mausoleum /ˌmɔ.səˈli.əm/ /ˌmɔː.zəˈliː.əm/ mausolea mausoleums n
mausolée
A large stately tomb or a building housing such a tomb or several tombs.

mauve /moʊv/ /mɔːv/ /məʊv/ mauver mauvest more mauve most mauve adj
mauve
Having a pale purple colour.

mauve /moʊv/ /mɔːv/ /məʊv/ mauves n
mauve
The colour of this dye; a pale purple or violet colour.

maven /ˈmeɪv(ə)n/ /ˈmeɪvn̩/ mavens n
spécialiste connaisseur connaisseuse virtuose
(chiefly, US) An expert in a given field; also, a person who is interested in and knowledgeable about a particular activity or thing; an aficionado.

maverick /ˈmævəɹɪk/ more maverick most maverick adj
individualiste
Showing independence in thoughts or actions.

maverick /ˈmævəɹɪk/ mavericks n
anticonformiste excentrique franc-tireur non-conformiste
(by extension) One who is unconventional or does not abide by rules. [from 1880s]
dissident franc-tireur
(by extension) One who creates or uses controversial or unconventional ideas or practices.

maw /mɑ/ /mɔ/ /mɔː/ maws n
gueule
The upper digestive tract (where food enters the body), especially the mouth and jaws of a fearsome and ravenous creature.

mawlid mawlids n
mouloud
(Islam) A holiday celebrating the birthday of a holy man or prophet, especially Muhammad.

max /mæks/ adj
max
(informal) Maximum; maximal.

maxi- prefix
maxi-
Denotes a larger than usual version of an item.

maxillary /makˈsɪl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈmæk.səˌlɛɹ.i/ adj
maxillaire
(anatomy) Of or relating to the jaw or jawbone.

maxillary sinus maxillary sinuses n
sinus maxillaire
(anatomy) A paranasal sinus found in the body of the maxilla.

maxim /ˈmæk.səm/ /ˈmæk.sɪm/ maxims n
maxime
A precept; a succinct statement or observation of a rule of conduct or moral teaching.

maximal /ˈmæksɪməl/ adj
maximal maximum
Largest, greatest (in magnitude), highest, most.

maximalism maximalisms n
maximalisme
The opposite of minimalism: a tendency toward excess.

maximally more maximally most maximally adv
au maximum
To a maximal extent; as much as possible.

maximaphily n
maximaphilie

maximize /ˈmæksəmaɪz/ v
maximiser
to make as large as possible

maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ adj
maximum maximal
To the highest degree.

maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ maxima maximums n
maximum
The highest limit.
(mathematics) The greatest value of a set or other mathematical structure, especially the global maximum or a local maximum of a function.

maximum break maximum breaks n
break maximum break royal
(snooker) The highest score possible in one visit to the table in a frame of snooker, by potting all fifteen reds with fifteen blacks and the six colours in order.

may /meɪ/ n
aubépine
The hawthorn bush or its blossoms.

may /meɪ/ v
pouvoir
(modal auxiliary verb, defective) To have permission to, be allowed. Used in granting permission and in questions to make polite requests. [from 9th c.]
peut-être se pouvoir
(modal auxiliary verb, defective) Expressing a present possibility; possibly. [from 13th c.]
que
(subjunctive present, defective) Expressing a wish (with present subjunctive effect). [from 16th c.]

may the Force be with you phraseologicalUnit
que la Force soit avec toi que la Force soit avec vous
(idiomatic) Used to wish someone luck with a difficult endeavor.

maybe /ˈmeɪbi/ [ˈmeɪ̯bi] adv
peut-être il se peut
(as a pro-sentence) Perhaps that is true (expressing no commitment to a decision or a neutral viewpoint to a statement).

mayday /ˈmeɪ.deɪ/ maydays n
SOS mayday
An international distress signal used by shipping and aircraft.

mayfly mayflies n
éphémère
Any of the many fragile insects of the order Ephemeroptera that develop in fresh water and live very briefly as winged adults.

mayhem /ˈmeɪhɛm/ /ˈmeɪəm/ mayhems n
chaos grabuge désordre tumulte
A state or situation of great confusion, disorder, trouble or destruction; chaos.
dévastation mutilation
Infliction of violent injury on a person or thing.

mayonnaise /ˈmeɪ.ə.neɪz/ /ˈmæn.eɪz/ /ˌmeɪ.əˈneɪz/ [ˈmɐ.jɔ.nɛs] [ˈmɛən-] mayonnaises n
mayonnaise
Any cold dish with that dressing as an ingredient.

mayor /ˈmeɪ.ə/ /ˈmeɪ.ɚ/ /ˈmɛə̯/ /ˈmɛɚ/ mayors n
maire bourgmestre mairesse
(Ireland, rare, obsolete) A member of a city council.

mayor of the palace mayors of the palace n
maire
(historical) In the Merovingian kingdoms, the king’s steward and, by the 7th century, de facto regent.

mayoralty /meɪˈɔ.ɹəl.ti/ /meɪˈɔː.ɹəl.ti/ /ˈmeɪ.ə.ɹəl.ti/ /ˈmɛə.ɹəl.ti/ mayoralties n
mairie
The office of a mayor, or the tenure during which a particular mayor holds office, where the time span may encompass one term or multiple terms.

mayoress /meɪəˈɹɛs/ /meɪɚˈɛs/ /mɛəˈɹɛs/ mayor mayoresses n
mairesse
The wife of a (male) mayor.
A daughter or female friend of a male mayor chosen by him to hold the title mayoress.

maypole maypoles n
arbre de mai
A pole, garlanded with streamers held by people who dance around it to celebrate May Day.

maze /ˈmeɪz/ mazes n
labyrinthe dédale
A labyrinth; a puzzle consisting of a complicated network of paths or passages, the aim of which is to find one's way through.

mazel tov /ˈmaz(ə)l ˌtɒf/ /ˈmaz(ə)l ˌtɒv/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɑf/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɑv/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɔf/ /ˈmɑz(ə)lˌtɔv/ interjection
mazaltov mazeltov
(in a, _, Jewish, _, context) Used to express congratulations or good wishes, especially at weddings.

mazurka /məˈzɜː(ɹ)kə/ /məˈzʊə(ɹ)kə/ mazurkas n
mazurka mazurque
(music) A Polish folk dance in triple time, usually moderately fast, containing a heavy accent on the third beat and occasionally the second beat.
(music) A classical musical composition inspired by the folk dance and conforming in some respects to its form, particularly as popularized by Chopin.

me /mi/ /miː/ pronoun
me moi
(archaic, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive direct object of a verb.
(colloquial, proscribed) Myself; as a reflexive indirect object of a verb; the ethical dative.
moi me
As the object of a preposition.
moi
As the complement of the copula (be or is).
(nonstandard, not with and) As the subject of a verb.

me neither phraseologicalUnit
moi non plus
(colloquial) Used to say that a negative-containing statement of the previous speaker applies to the speaker as well.

me too phraseologicalUnit
j’aussi moi aussi
That applies to me as well.

me-tooism /miˈtuˌɪzəm/ /miːˈtuːɪz(ə)m/ me-tooisms n
suivisme
(by extension) The tendency to do or say the same as somebody else; the tendency to follow something that is trendy.

mea culpa /ˌmeɪ.əˈkʊl.pə/ /ˌmeɪ.əˈkʌl.pə/ /ˌmiː.əˈkʊl.pə/ /ˌmiː.əˈkʌl.pə/ mea culpae mea culpas n
mea culpa
An instance of mea culpa; an apology.

mead /miːd/ meads n
hydromel chouchen
An alcoholic drink fermented from honey and water.

meadow /ˈmɛd.oʊ/ /ˈmɛd.əʊ/ [ˈmɛɾoʊ] meadows n
pré prairie
A field or pasture; a piece of land covered or cultivated with grass, usually intended to be mown for hay.

meadow brown meadow browns n
myrtil
A common, orange and brown butterfly (Maniola jurtina), of the family Nymphalidae.

meadow pipit meadow pipits n
pipit farlouse
A small passerine bird (Anthus pratensis).

meadowlark meadowlarks n
sturnelle
Any of several songbirds of the genera Sturnella and Leistes, native to the Americas. [from 19th c.]

meadowrue meadowrues n
pigamon
A plant (any plant of genus Thalictrum), also known as thalictrum

meadowsweet /ˈmɛdoʊˈswit/ /ˈmɛdəʊswiːt/ meadowsweets n
reine-des-prés
A Eurasian perennial flowering plant of Rosaceae family, Filipendula ulmaria.

meager /ˈmiɡɚ/ /ˈmiːɡə/ meagerer meagerest adj
maigre
Having little flesh; lean; thin.
maigre pauvre
Poor, deficient or inferior in amount, quality or extent

meagerness meagernesses n
maigreur
(US) The state of being meager.

meagre /ˈmiːɡɚ/ meagrer meagrest adj
maigre
Having little flesh; lean; thin.

meagre /ˈmiːɡɚ/ meagres n
maigre
Argyrosomus regius, an edible fish of the family Sciaenidae.

meal /mil/ /miːl/ [miəɫ] meals n
repas
(countable) Food that is prepared and eaten, usually at a specific time, and usually in a comparatively large quantity (as opposed to a snack).
mouture
The coarse-ground edible part of various grains often used to feed animals; flour or a coarser blend than flour.

meal ticket meal tickets n
bon coupon ticket ticket-repas ticket-restaurant
A ticket or voucher that can be exchanged for food.
gagne-pain gogo pigeon
(idiomatic) Someone or something that provides income or livelihood, especially as an exploited source.

meal voucher meal vouchers n
chèque-repas ticket-restaurant

mealworm /ˈmiːlˌwɜː(ɹ)m/ mealworms n
ver de farine
The larval stage of the mealworm beetle (Tenebrio molitor), a species of darkling beetle.

mealworm beetle mealworm beetles n
ténébrion meunier
A darkling beetle (or darkening beetle) of species Tenebrio molitor, in the family Tenebrionidae, whose larvae (mealworms) are typically used as a food source for reptile, fish, and avian pets.

mealy /miːli/ mealier mealiest adj
farineux
Resembling meal (the foodstuff).

mealy-mouthed more mealy-mouthed most mealy-mouthed adj
hypocrite
Prone to speaking evasively, indirectly, or duplicitously; not forthright.

mean /min/ /miːn/ meaner meanest adj
moyen
Having the mean (see noun below) as its value; average.
inférieur inférieure
Low in quality or degree; inferior; poor; shabby.
méchant cruel
Intending to cause harm, successfully or otherwise; bearing ill will towards another.

mean /min/ /miːn/ means n
moyenne moyen
Something which is intermediate or in the middle; an intermediate value or range of values; a medium. [from 14th c.]
(statistics) The average of a set of values, calculated by summing them together and dividing by the number of terms; the arithmetic mean. [from 15th c.]

mean /min/ /miːn/ v
avoir l'intention entendre faire
(transitive) To intend, to plan (to do); to have as one's intention. [from 8th c.]
signifier vouloir dire entendre
(transitive) Of a person (or animal etc): to intend to express, to imply, to hint at, to allude.

mean business v
ne pas plaisanter être sérieux

mean solar day n
jour solaire moyen
the average length of a solar day, used for practical timekeeping

mean well v
vouloir bien faire
To have good intentions; to do with a noble or positive purpose in mind.

meander /miˈændə(ɹ)/ /miˈændɚ/ meanders n
méandre
(geography) One of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings in the channel of a river, stream, or other watercourse
A tortuous or winding journey.

meander /miˈændə(ɹ)/ /miˈændɚ/ v
méandrer
(intransitive) To wind or turn in a course or passage
(transitive) To wind, turn, or twist; to make flexuous.

meandering more meandering most meandering adj
méandreux
Winding or rambling.

meaning /ˈminɪŋ/ /ˈmiːnɪŋ/ meanings n
sens
The denotation, referent, or idea connected with a word, expression, or symbol.
sens signification
The purpose, value, or significance (of something) beyond the fact of that thing's existence.

meaning of life n
sens de la vie
(philosophy, religion) A hypothetical answer to all of life's ultimate questions; the purpose or raison d'être of human life.

meaningful /ˈminɪŋfʊl/ more meaningful most meaningful adj
qui a du sens significatif
Having meaning, significant.

meaningless more meaningless most meaningless adj
dénué de sens dépourvu de sens
Lacking meaning.

meaninglessness meaninglessnesses n
absurdité futilité
(uncountable) The state of lacking meaning; the quality of being meaningless.

meanness meannesses n
abjection
(countable) A mean act.

means /minz/ /miːnz/ n
moyens moyen
(uncountable) Resources; riches.

means of production n
moyens de production
(economics, Marxism) The combination of the means of labor, such as machines, tools, and equipment, and the subject of labor used by workers to make products.

means of transportation means of transportation n
moyen de transport
Any of the different kinds of transport facilities used to carry people or cargo.

meantime /ˈmiːntaɪm/ meantimes n
pendant ce temps
The time spent waiting for another event; time in between.

meanwhile /ˈmiːnhwaɪl/ /ˈmiːnwaɪl/ adv
entretemps pendant ce temps en attendant
During the time that something is happening, often specifically in a different place.
pendant ce temps
During an intervening time; from now until a future time.

measles /ˈmizəlz/ /ˈmiːzəlz/ n
rougeole
(medicine) An acute and highly contagious disease which often afflicts children caused by the virus Measles morbillivirus and causing red rashes, fever, runny nose, coughing, and red eyes.

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ measures n
mesure
The size of someone or something, as ascertained by measuring. (Now chiefly in make to measure.) [from 14th c.]
(mathematics) A function that assigns a non-negative number to a given set following the mathematical nature that is common among length, volume, probability and the like. [from 20th c.]
A standard against which something can be judged; a criterion. [from 14th c.]
(music) A musical designation consisting of all notes and or rests delineated by two vertical bars; an equal and regular division of the whole of a composition; a bar. [from 17th c.]
(in plural) Actions designed to achieve some purpose; plans. [from 17th c.]

measure /ˈmeɪ.ʒə/ /ˈmeɪ.ʒɚ/ /ˈmeʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪ.ʒɚ/ v
mesurer
To ascertain the quantity of a unit of material via calculated comparison with respect to a standard.
To estimate the unit size of something.
To obtain or set apart; to mark in even increments.
(often with out or off) To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure; often with.

measure of central tendency measures of central tendency n
indicateur de tendance centrale
(statistics, probability) A measure of location for a batch, a sample, or a distribution characterizing a value around which are spread the members or the distribution.

measure twice and cut once proverb
mesurer deux fois, couper une fois
(figuratively, by extension) Plan and prepare in a careful, thorough manner before taking action.

measure word measure words n
classificateur compteur
(linguistics) A word or morpheme used in combination with a numeral to indicate the count of nouns, used especially in Asian languages.

measurement /ˈmeʒ.ə.mənt/ /ˈmɛʒ.ə.mənt/ /ˈmɛʒ.ɚ.mənt/ [ˈmɛʒ.ɚ.mn̩t] measurements n
mesure
The act of measuring.
Value (quantity, magnitude, extent or amount) determined by an act of measuring.

measuring cup measuring cups n
verre doseur
A kitchen utensil used primarily to measure the volume of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients.

measuring spoon measuring spoons n
cuillère à mesure mesurette
a kitchen utensil used primarily to measure small volumes of liquid or bulk solid cooking ingredients.

meat /mit/ /miːt/ meats n
viande chair
(uncountable) The flesh (muscle tissue) of an animal used as food. [from 14th c.]
(countable) A type of meat, by anatomic position and provenance. [from 16th c.]
(uncountable) Any relatively thick, solid part of a fruit, nut etc. [from 15th c.]
viande
(colloquial) The best or most substantial part of something. [from 16th c.]

meat pie meat pies n
tourte
(non-idiomatic usage, cooking) A pie containing meat.

meat safe meat safes n
garde-manger
A ventilated cupboard used to keep meat away from flies and other pests.

meatarian meatarians n
carniste
(rare) A person who only eats meat.

meatball meatballs n
boulette
A ball of minced or ground meat, seasoned and cooked.

meatgrinder meatgrinders n
hachoir
A device for cutting meat into very small pieces.

meatloaf /ˈmit.loʊf/ /ˈmiːt.ləʊf/ meatloaves n
pain de viande rôti haché
A dish of ground meat (usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used) formed into a loaf shape, mixed with egg and breadcrumbs, then baked or smoked, and usually served in slices.

meatus /miˈeɪ.təs/ /miˈeɪˌtus/ meatus meatuses n
méat
(anatomy) A tubular opening or passage leading to the interior of the body.

meaty /ˈmiːti/ meatier meatiest adj
de viande
Of, relating to, or containing meat.

mebibyte /ˈmɛbɪˌbaɪt/ mebibytes n
mébioctet
(computing) Strictly, 220 (10242, or 1,048,576) bytes or 210 (1024) kibibytes, as opposed to a megabyte.

mecha mecha mechas n
mecha
(anime, manga) A large armoured robot on legs, typically controlled by a pilot seated inside.

mechanic /məˈkænɪk/ mechanics n
mécanicien mécanicienne
(now, chiefly, historical) A manual worker; a labourer or artisan. [from 16th c.]
Someone who builds or repairs machinery, a technician; now specifically, someone who works with and repairs the mechanical parts of a motor vehicle, aircraft or similar. [from 17th c.]

mechanical /mɪˈkænɪk(ə)l/ more mechanical most mechanical adj
mécanique
Related to mechanics (the branch of physics that deals with forces acting on mass).
machinal
As if performed by a machine: lifeless or mindless.

mechanical bull mechanical bulls n
rodéo mécanique taureau mécanique

mechanical energy mechanical energies n
énergie mécanique
(physics) The sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of a body or system

mechanical engineer mechanical engineers n
ingénieur en mécanique ingénieur mécanicien
Someone who specializes in mechanical engineering.

mechanical engineering n
génie mécanique
(engineering) The subfield of engineering concerned with designing and building machines and mechanical systems.

mechanical pencil mechanical pencils n
portemine porte-mine
(North America) A pencil with a replaceable and mechanically extendable lead that wears away with use, designed to provide lines of constant thickness without requiring sharpening, and typically featuring a small eraser at the end opposite the tip.

mechanically /məˈkænɪkli/ more mechanically most mechanically adv
machinalement
In a mechanical manner.

mechanics n
mécanique
(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the action of forces on material objects with mass

mechanism /ˈmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/ /ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zəm/ [ˈmek.əˌnɪ.zm̩] [ˈmɛk.ə.nɪ.zm̩] mechanisms n
mécanisme mécanique
(within a machine or machinery) Any mechanical means for the conversion or control of motion, or the transmission or control of power.
mécanisme
A mental, physical, or chemical process.

mechanistic /ˌmɛkəˈnɪstɪk/ more mechanistic most mechanistic adj
mécaniste
Predetermined by, or as if by, a mechanism.

mechanization mechanizations n
mécanisation
The use of machinery to replace human or animal labour, especially in agriculture and industry.

mechanize /ˈmɛkənaɪz/ v
mécaniser
To equip something with machinery.

mechanized more mechanized most mechanized adj
mécanisé
Equipped with machinery.

mechano- prefix
mécano-
involving the use of machines or mechanisms

mechanobiology n
mécanobiologie

mechanotherapeutic adj
mécanothérapique

mechatronics n
mécatronique
The synergistic combination of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering and software engineering for the study of automata from an engineering perspective and the control of advanced hybrid systems.

meconate meconates n
méconate

meconic acid n
acide méconique

medal /ˈmɛdəl/ [ˈmeɾ.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛd.ɫ̩] [ˈmɛɾ.ɫ̩] medals n
médaille
A stamped metal disc used as a personal ornament, a charm, or a religious object.
A stamped or cast metal object (usually a disc), particularly one awarded as a prize or reward.

medal table medal tables n
tableau des médailles

medalist /ˈmɛdəlɪst/ medalists n
médaillé médaillée
Someone who has received a medal. [from 18th c.]

medallion /məˈdæljən/ medallions n
médaillon
A large medal, usually decorative.

meddle /ˈmɛd.əl/ [ˈmɛɾəɫ] v
se mêler s'ingérer
(obsolete) To interest or engage oneself; to have to do (with), in a good sense.

meddler /ˈmɛdlə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɛdlɚ/ /ˈmɛdl̩ɚ/ meddlers n
fouineur fouineuse
One who meddles or interferes in something not of their concern.

meddlesome /ˈmɛdəlsəm/ more meddlesome most meddlesome adj
importun
Characterised or marked by meddling; inclined or having a tendency to meddle or interfere in other people's business.

medevac /ˈmɛdɪvæk/ v
EVASAN

medfly medflies n
mouche méditerranéenne des fruits
A small fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), native to the Mediterranean.

media /ˈmidi.ə/ /ˈmiːdiə/ media medias n
médias
(usually, with a definite article; often treated as, _, uncountable) The journalists and other professionals who comprise the mass communication industry.

media outlet media outlets n
organe de presse
(media) A publication or broadcast program that provides news and feature stories to the public through various distribution channels. Media outlets include newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and web sites.

media studies /ˈmiːdi.ə ˈstʌdiz/ n
science des médias
Academic discipline that deals with the content, history, meaning and effects of various media, in particular mass media.

median /ˈmi.di.ən/ /ˈmiː.dɪən/ [ˈmɪi.di.ən] adj
médian médiane
(statistics) Having the median as its value. [from 19th c.]

median /ˈmi.di.ən/ /ˈmiː.dɪən/ [ˈmɪi.di.ən] medians n
médiane
(geometry) A line segment joining the vertex of triangle to the midpoint of the opposing side.
(statistics) A number separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, population, or probability distribution. The median of a finite list of numbers can be found by arranging all the observations from lowest value to highest value and picking the middle one (e.g., the median of {3, 3, 5, 9, 11} is 5). If there is an even number of observations, then there is no single middle value; the median is then usually defined to be the mean of the two middle values. [from 19th c.]

median age median ages n
âge médian
(demography) The age that divides a population (of a country etc.) into two numerically equivalent groups.

median strip median strips n
terre-plein central
(US) A strip of land between opposing lanes of a road.

mediastinal adj
médiastinal
(anatomy) Relating to the mediastinum.

mediastinum /ˌmiːdi.əˈstaɪnəm/ mediastina n
médiastin
(anatomy) The region in mammals between the pleural sacs, containing the heart and all of the thoracic viscera except the lungs.

mediatization mediatizations n
médiatisation

mediatize /ˈmiːdɪətʌɪz/ v
médiatiser
To filter (an event etc.) through the mass media; to exploit (something or someone) for media exposure. [from 20th c.]

mediator /ˈmidieɪtɚ/ mediators n
médiateur médiatrice
One who negotiates between parties seeking mutual agreement.

medical /ˈmɛdɪkl̩/ more medical most medical adj
médical
Of or pertaining to the practice of medicine.

medical certificate medical certificates n
certificat médical
A statement from a physician or other health care provider that attests to the result of a medical examination of a patient.

medical examiner medical examiners n
médecin légiste
(law) A physician who examines cadavers on behalf of the government.

medical history medical histories n
anamnèse dossier médical
Details of a patient's previous medical experiences, such as existing comorbidities, past infections, operations undergone, and medications taken.

medical school medical schools n
faculté (}} fac) de médecine
A school that teaches medicine.

medical tourism n
tourisme médical
(pejorative) Travelling across international borders, generally from a rich country to a poor country, to deliver healthcare, often on a temporary basis.
Travelling across international borders to obtain health care.

medicalization medicalizations n
médicalisation
The act or process of medicalizing.

medicaster /ˈmɛdəˌkæstɚ/ /ˈmɛdɪkastə/ medicasters n
meige médicastre
(dated, now, chiefly, literary) A quack doctor; someone who pretends to have medical knowledge.

medication /mɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/ medications n
médication
A medicine, or all the medicines regularly taken by a patient.
The administration of medicine.

medicinal /məˈdɪsnəl/ /məˈdɪsənəl/ /mɛˈdɪsɪnəl/ adj
médicamenteux médicinal
Tending or used to cure disease or relieve pain.

medicine /ˈmɛd.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.s(ɪ)n/ /ˈmɛd.ɪ.sɪn/ /ˈmɛdəs(ə)n/ medicines n
médicament remède médecine
(uncountable, countable) A substance which specifically promotes healing when ingested or consumed in some way; a pharmaceutical drug.
médicaments traitement
(broadly, countable) Any treatment or cure.
médecine médicament
(uncountable) The study of the cause, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of disease or illness.

medicine cabinet medicine cabinets n
armoire à pharmacie
A cupboard where drugs and medical paraphernalia are stored.

medicine man medicine men n
homme-médecine sorcier
A Native American shamanistic healer.

medicine woman medicine women n
femme-médecine sorcière
A female Native American (or, any other indigenous) shamanistic healer.

medieval /mɪd.ˈi.vəl/ /mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmiː.di.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛd.i.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛdi.ˈi.vəl/ more medieval most medieval adj
médiéval moyenâgeux
Of or relating to the Middle Ages, the period from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Having characteristics associated with the Middle Ages in popular, modern cultural perception:

medieval /mɪd.ˈi.vəl/ /mɪd.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmiː.di.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛd.i.ˈiː.vəl/ /ˌmɛdi.ˈi.vəl/ medievals n
médiéval
Someone living in the Middle Ages.
médiéval moyenâgeux
A medieval example (of something aforementioned or understood from context).

medieval studies n
médiévisme médiévistique
The study of the Middle Ages.

medievalist medievalists n
médiéviste
one who studies the culture and history of the Middle Ages

medina /məˈdiːnə/ medinas n
médina
The traditional, older or non-European area of a North African town.

mediocre /ˈmiːdɪˌəʊkə/ /ˌmidiˈoʊkəɹ/ /ˌmiːdɪˈəʊkə/ more mediocre most mediocre adj
médiocre
Having no peculiar or outstanding features; not extraordinary, special, exceptional, or great; of medium quality, almost always with a negative connotation.

mediocre /ˈmiːdɪˌəʊkə/ /ˌmidiˈoʊkəɹ/ /ˌmiːdɪˈəʊkə/ mediocres n
médiocre
A person of minor significance, accomplishment or acclaim; a common and undistinguished person.

mediocrity /mi.dɪˈɑk.ɹɪ.ti/ /miː.dɪˈɒk.ɹɪ.ti/ [mi.dɪˈɑk.ɹɪ.ɾi] mediocrities n
médiocrité
(uncountable) The condition of being mediocre; having only an average degree of quality, skills etc.; no better than standard.

meditate v
méditer
(intransitive) To contemplate; to keep the mind fixed upon something; to study.
(intransitive) To sit or lie down and come to a deep rest while still remaining conscious.

meditation /mɛdɪˈteɪʃən/ meditations n
méditation
A devotional exercise of, or leading to contemplation.
A contemplative discourse, often on a religious or philosophical subject.

mediterranean sea /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.ni.ən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.də.təˈɹeɪ.njən ˈsi/ /ˌmɛ.dɪ.təˈɹeɪ.nɪ.ən ˈsiː/ mediterranean seas n
mer méditérranéenne
(oceanography) A mostly enclosed sea that has limited exchange of deep water with outer oceans, and where the water circulation is dominated by salinity and temperature differences rather than winds.

medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ adj
moyen
Of intermediate size, degree, amount etc.
demi-anglais
Of meat, cooked to a point greater than rare but less than well done; typically, so the meat is still red in the centre.

medium /ˈmiː.di.əm/ media mediums n
milieu
The material of the surrounding environment, e.g. solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, or a specific substance such as a solvent.
(microbiology) A nutrient substance, commonly a solution or solid, for the growth of cells in vitro.
moyen
(uncountable, especially, clothing, food, or, drink) One of several common sizes to which an item may be manufactured.
(countable, especially, wrt, clothing) One who fits an item of that size.
médium support
The materials or empty space through which signals, waves, or forces pass.
médium média
A format for communicating or presenting information.
médium
(countable, spiritualism, plural mediums) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.

medium dry adj
demi-sec

medium rare adj
à point
(of cooking, particularly meats) Cooked somewhat lightly, so the meat is no longer red, but is not brown (in the case of beef); cooked to a degree between rare and medium.

medium-sized adj
de taille moyenne
Having a medium or intermediate size.

medium-term adj
à moyen terme

mediumistic more mediumistic most mediumistic adj
médiumnique
Of or pertaining to mediums (people claiming to contact the dead); relating to or having the ability to communicate with spirits.

mediumship mediumships n
médiumnité
(parapsychology) The state of being a medium (psychic conduit); purported ability to mediate communication between spirits of the dead and living human beings.

mediumwave adj
onde moyenne

medjidie medjidies n
medjidié
(historical) A coin of the Ottoman Empire, worth twenty piasters.

medlar /ˈmedlɘ/ /ˈmɛdlə/ /ˈmɛdlɚ/ medlars n
néflier nèfle
Mespilus germanica, common medlar (now often Crataegus germanica)
nèfle néflier
Any tree of the genus Mespilus, now Crataegus sect. Mespilus, including many species now in other genera.

medley /ˈmɛdli/ medleys n
mélange salade
A collection or mixture of miscellaneous things. [from 17thc.]
pot-pourri
(music) A collection of related songs played or mixed together as a single piece. [from 17thc.]
4 nages
(swimming) A competitive swimming event that combines the four strokes of butterfly, backstroke, breaststroke, and freestyle. [from 20th c.]

medoid medoids n
médianoïde médoïde

meek /mik/ /miːk/ meeker meekest adj
humble modeste
Humble, non-boastful, modest, meager, or self-effacing.
faible soumis
Submissive, dispirited.

meekly /miːk.li/ more meekly most meekly adv
humblement
In a meek manner; quietly and humbly.

meerkat /ˈmɪəkat/ /ˈmɪəɹkæt/ meerkats n
suricate
Suricata suricatta, a small carnivorous mammal of the mongoose family, from the Kalahari Desert, known for its habit of standing on its hind legs.

meerschaum /mɪər.ʃəm/ /ˈmɪər.ʃɔːm/ meerschaums n
écume de mer
(uncountable) A soft white mineral, chiefly used for smoking-pipes and cigar holders.

meet /mit/ /miːt/ v
se [[donner rendez-vous]] se rejoindre se retrouver
To come face to face with by accident; to encounter.
To come face to face with someone by arrangement.
se rencontrer se réunir
To gather for a formal or social discussion; to hold a meeting.
heurter
To touch or hit something while moving.
rejoindre
To adjoin, be physically touching.
se rejoindre rencontrer
To converge and finally touch or intersect.
rencontrer rejoindre satisfaire (s')affronter (se) rencontrer faire la connaissance de
To perceive; to come to a knowledge of; to have personal acquaintance with; to experience; to suffer.

meet one's Waterloo /ˈmit wʌnz ˌwɔtɚˈluː/ /ˈmiːt wʌnz ˌwɔːtə(ɹ)ˈluː/ /ˈwɑ-/ /ˈwɔtɚˌluː/ /ˌwɑ-/ [-ɾɚ-] v
rencontrer son Waterloo
To be decisively defeated by an encounter with a powerful opponent or a problem that is too difficult.

meet one's match v
trouver son maître
To be opposed by someone of comparable strength and ability to oneself; to be defeated by such an opponent.

meet up v
rencontrer
(transitive, colloquial) To meet (a person) by arrangement.

meeting /ˈmitɪŋ/ /ˈmiːtɪŋ/ [ˈmiɾɪŋ] meetings n
rencontre
(gerund, uncountable) The act of persons or things that meet.
An encounter between people, even accidental.
réunion rencontre
A gathering of persons for a purpose; an assembly.

meeting room meeting rooms n
salle de conférence salle de réunion
A room in a building, such as an office building, set aside for the use of people to hold meetings.

meetingitis n
réunionite

mefenamic adj
méfénamique

mefenamic acid n
acide méfénamique
A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat pain, including menstrual pain.

mega- /ˈmeɪɡə/ /ˈmɛɡə/ prefix
méga-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by one million (106.) SI Symbol: M.

mega-colossal adj
mégacolossal

megabase megabases n
mégabase

megabat megabats n
mégachiroptère
Any of the bats in the suborder Megachiroptera consisting of one family, Pteropodidae; a fruit bat.

megabyte /ˈmɛɡəˌbaɪt/ megabytes n
mégaoctet mégabyte
(computing, formal) One million (106, or 1,000,000) bytes or 1,000 kilobytes.

megacalorie megacalories n
mégacalorie

megaceros megaceroses n
mégacéros
(paleontology) Irish elk

megachurch megachurches n
megachurch méga-église mégachurch mégaéglise
A church with an atypically large congregation.

megacity megacities n
mégacité
A very large city; a megalopolis.

megacolon megacolons n
mégacôlon
(uncountable) Abnormal dilatation of the colon, not caused by mechanical obstruction.
(countable) A colon thus enlarged.

megadisaster megadisasters n
mégadésastre
An unforeseen event of any kind with exceptionally unpleasant, distressing, or unfortunate results.

megadiverse /ˌmɛɡədaɪˈvɜːs/ /ˌmɛɡədaɪˈvɝs/ adj
mégadivers
(chiefly, ecology) Exhibiting great diversity, especially great biodiversity.

megadrought megadroughts n
mégasécheresse
(climatology) A drought lasting for decades or centuries.

megadyne megadynes n
mégadyne

megaelectron volt megaelectron volts n
mégaélectronvolt
One million electron volts, abbreviated as MeV.

megafarad megafarads n
mégafarad
(physics, obsolete) A unit of quantity of electric charge; the quantity of electricity flowing through a one megohm resistor when driven by an electromotive force of one volt for one second.

megafarm megafarms n
mégaferme
A very large, factory-style farm

megaflop megaflops n
mégaflop
(computing) megaflops (one million FLOPS, or floating point operations per second)

megagon megagons n
mégagone
A polygon with one million sides.

megaherbivore megaherbivores n
mégaherbivore

megajoule megajoules n
mégajoule
(metrology) An SI unit of energy equal to 106 joules. Symbol: MJ

megalith /ˈmɛɡəlɪθ/ /ˈmɛɡəˌlɪθ/ megaliths n
mégalithe
A large stone slab making up a prehistoric monument, or part of such a monument.
A prehistoric monument made up of one or more large stones.

megalithic /ˌmɛɡəˈlɪθɪk/ adj
mégalithique
Of or pertaining to megaliths, to the people who made them, or to the period when they were made.

megalitre megalitres n
mégalitre
A unit of volume equivalent to 1,000,000 litres. Symbol: Ml or ML

megalo- /mɛˈɡæ.ləʊ/ prefix
mégalo-

megalocephalic more megalocephalic most megalocephalic adj
mégalocéphale

megalodon megalodons n
mégalodon
A species of extinct shark that lived during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs (†Carcharocles megalodon or †Otodus megalodon).

megalography n
mégalographie

megalomania /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪniə/ /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪnjə/ megalomanias n
mégalomanie
A psychopathological condition characterized by delusional fantasies of wealth, power, or omnipotence.
An obsession with grandiose or extravagant things or actions.

megalomaniac /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪniæk/ more megalomaniac most megalomaniac adj
mégalomane
Of, exhibiting, or affected with megalomania.

megalomaniac /ˌmɛɡəloʊˈmeɪniæk/ megalomaniacs n
mégalomane
One affected with or exhibiting megalomania.

megalopa megalopae megalopas n
mégalope
The final larval stage found in decapod crustaceans

megalopolis /mɛ.ɡəˈlɒ.pə.lɪs/ megalopoleis megalopoli megalopolises n
mégalopole
A large conurbation, where two or more large cities have sprawled outward to meet, forming something larger than a metropolis; a megacity.

megalosaur megalosaurs n
mégalosaure
A carnivorous dinosaur of the family Megalosauridae.

megametre megametres n
mégamètre
A distance of 1,000 km. Symbol: Mm

megamix megamixes n
mégamix
(music) A remix taking the form of a medley, with radical alterations and many constituent pieces of music.

megamosque megamosques n
mégamosquée
a very large mosque; a mosque with a large congregation

megaohm megaohms n
méga-ohm mégaohm mégohm
(metrology) An SI unit of resistance equal to 106 ohms. Symbol: MΩ

megaphanerophyte megaphanerophytes n
mégaphanérophyte

megaphone /ˈmɛɡ.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈmɛɡəˌfoʊn/ megaphones n
porte-voix mégaphone portevoix
A portable, usually hand-held, funnel-shaped device that is used to amplify a person’s natural voice toward a targeted direction.

megaphonic more megaphonic most megaphonic adj
mégaphonique
Of, or pertaining to, a megaphone
(of a sound) Produced by a megaphone
(of a voice) loud and echoey, as if produced by a megaphone

megapixel megapixels n
mégapixel
One million pixels, used as a unit of resolution of digital cameras.

megapode megapodes n
mégapode
Any of several chicken- or turkey-like birds in the family Megapodiidae, which incubate their eggs by burying them where they receive warmth from decaying vegetation, solar radiation or geothermal heat. [from 19th c.]

megarich more megarich most megarich adj
mégariche
(informal) Extremely rich; having a lot of money.

megaron /ˈmɛɡəɹɑn/ /ˈmɛɡəɹɒn/ megara megarons n
mégaron
(architecture, historical) The rectangular great hall in a Mycenaean building, usually supported with pillars.

megaseism megaseisms n
mégaséisme
(seismology) A large or severe earthquake.

megastructure megastructures n
mégastructure

megaton /ˈmɛɡəˌtʌn/ megatons n
mégatonne
A measure of the strength of an explosion or a bomb based on how many million tons of TNT would be needed to produce the same energy.

megatsunami /ˌmɛɡəsuːˈnɑːmi/ /ˌmɛɡətsuːˈnɑːmi/ megatsunami megatsunamis n
mégatsunami
(informal, often used by journalists) A very large tsunami.

megawatt megawatts n
mégawatt
One million (1 000 000) watts, abbreviated as MW.

megawatt-hour megawatt-hours n
mégawattheure
A unit of energy, especially of electrical energy, equal to that done by one megawatt acting for one hour (abbreviation: MWh).

megrim /ˈmiːɡɹɪm/ megrims n
cardine franche
A type of flatfish of the genus Lepidorhombus native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean; specifically, the Cornish sole, sail-fluke, or whiff (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis).

meh /me/ /mɛ/ interjection
bof
(slang) Expressing indifference or lack of enthusiasm.

meiosis /maɪˈoʊ.sɪs/ /maɪˈəʊ.sɪs/ meioses n
méiose
(usually, uncountable, cytology) Cell division of a diploid cell into four haploid cells, which develop to produce gametes.

meiotic adj
méiotique
Of or pertaining to meiosis.

meitnerium /maɪtˈnɪəɹi.əm/ n
meitnérium meitnerium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Mt) with atomic number 109.

melancholia melancholias n
mélancolie

melancholic more melancholic most melancholic adj
mélancolique
Filled with or affected by melancholy—great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

melancholy /ˈmɛl.ənˌkɑ.li/ /ˈmɛlənkəli/ melancholies n
mélancolie
Great sadness or depression, especially of a thoughtful or introspective nature.

melanin /ˈmɛlənɪn/ melanins n
mélanine
(biochemistry) Any of a group of naturally occurring dark pigments, especially the pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers.

melanism melanisms n
mélanisme
Congenital excess of melanin pigmentation in the skin, hair, feathers and/or eyes.

melano- prefix
mélano-
Combining form denoting relationship to melanin.

melanoma /mɛləˈnoʊmə/ melanomas melanomata n
mélanome
(oncology, disease) A dark-pigmented, usually malignant tumor arising from a melanocyte and occurring most commonly in the skin.

melanopsin melanopsins n
mélanopsine

melasma n
mélasma
(pathology) A tan or dark skin discoloration, particularly common in pregnant women, thought to be caused by the stimulation of melanocytes by estrogen and progesterone.

melatonin /ˌmɛləˈtoʊnɪn/ melatonins n
mélatonine
Any material similar in its chemistry and effect to the natural hormone.

melic /ˈmɛlɪk/ melics n
mélique
Any of various grasses, of the genus Melica, from northern temperate regions. [from 18th c.]

melilitic adj
melilitique

melisma /məˈlɪzmə/ melismas melismata n
mélisme
(music, countable) A passage of several notes sung to one syllable of text.

melissa /məˈlɪsə/ melissas n
mélisse
A plant of the genus Melissa, especially lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), often used medicinally.

melliferous more melliferous most melliferous adj
mellifère

mellifluous /məˈlɪflu.əs/ /mɛˈlɪflu.əs/ more mellifluous most mellifluous adj
melliflue mielleux mélodieux
(figurative) Sweet, smooth and musical; pleasant to hear (generally used of a person's voice, tone or writing style).

mellow /ˈmɛloʊ/ /ˈmɛləʊ/ mellower mellowest more mellow most mellow adj
moelleux
(also, figuratively, of fruit) Soft or tender by reason of ripeness; having a tender pulp.

melodic death metal n
death metal mélodique

melodica melodicas n
mélodica
A free-reed keyboard wind instrument.

melodious /məˈləʊdiəs/ more melodious most melodious adj
mélodieux
Having a pleasant melody or sound; tuneful.

melodious warbler melodious warblers n
hypolaïs polyglotte
Hippolais polyglotta, an Old World warbler in the genus Hippolais, of Southern Europe and Africa.

melodrama /ˈmɛləˌdɹɑːmə/ melodramas melodramata n
mélodrame
(countable) A drama abounding in romantic sentiment and agonizing situations, with a musical accompaniment only in parts which are especially thrilling or pathetic. In opera, a passage in which the orchestra plays a somewhat descriptive accompaniment, while the actor speaks

melodramatic /ˌmɛl.ə.dɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌmɛl.əʊ.dɹəˈmæt.ɪk/ more melodramatic most melodramatic adj
mélodramatique
Of or pertaining to melodrama; like or suitable to a melodrama; unnatural in situation or action.

melody /ˈmɛl.ə.di/ melodies n
mélodie
A sequence of notes that makes up a musical phrase

melomania /ˌmɛlə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ n
mélomanie
(music) An abnormal love of music.

melomaniac /ˌmɛlə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪak/ melomaniacs n
mélomane
One with an abnormal fondness of music; a person who loves music. [from 19th c.]

melomel melomels n
melomel
A mead that contains fruit.

melon /ˈmɛlən/ melons n
melon
(uncountable) The large, round to ovoid fruits that have rinds and are of such plants
(uncountable) A light pinkish orange colour, like that of some melon flesh.
melons pastèques
(usually, in the plural, slang) Breasts.

melon baller melon ballers n
cuillère à pomme parisienne
A small tool used to cut round sections of melons and other soft fruits.

melopoeia melopoeiae melopoeias n
mélopée

melt /mɛlt/ v
fondre se dissoudre
(ergative) To change (or to be changed) from a solid state to a liquid state, usually by a gradual heat.
(transitive, figurative) To soften, as by a warming or kindly influence; to relax; to render gentle or susceptible to mild influences; sometimes, in a bad sense, to take away the firmness of; to weaken.

melt in the mouth adj
fondant
(idiom, of food) Deliciously soft and creamy, creating a melting sensation when eaten, and therefore needing little chewing.

melt in the mouth v
fondre dans la bouche fondre en bouche
(idiom, of food) To be deliciously soft and creamy; to create a melting sensation when eaten; to need little chewing.

melt pond /ˈmɛlt ˌpɑnd/ /ˈmɛlt ˌpɒnd/ melt ponds n
étang de fonte
(glaciology) Pools of melted water which form on glacial, shelf, or sea ice, typically during warmer periods.

meltdown meltdowns n
fusion du cœur d'un réacteur nucléaire
Severe overheating of the core of a nuclear reactor resulting in the core melting and potentially in radiation escaping.

melting /ˈmɛltɪŋ/ meltings n
fusion
The process of changing the state of a substance from solid to liquid by heating it past its melting point.

melting point melting points n
point de fusion
(chemistry, physics) The temperature at which the solid and liquid phases of a substance are in equilibrium; it is relatively insensitive to changes in pressure.

melting pot melting pots n
creuset
A crucible, or similar pot, used to fuse mixtures of metals etc.
melting pot
(idiomatic) A place where many divergent things (often races or cultures, but also talents) come together and are homogenized.

meltwater meltwaters n
eau de fonte
Water from melting ice or snow.

mem /mɛm/ mems n
mem mém
The thirteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

member /ˈmɛmbə/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ members n
membre
One who belongs to a group.
Part of an animal capable of performing a distinct office; an organ; a limb.

member class member classes n
classe membre
(object-oriented) An inner class declared outside a function (hence a "member") and not declared as static.

member organisation member organisations n
organisation membre
organisation connected to an umbrella organisation

member state member states n
État membre
A sovereign state which is a member of an international organisation or some kind of confederation of other such states.

membership memberships n
appartenance adhésion affiliation
(math) The fact of being a member of a set.

membership card membership cards n
carte de membre
A small card issued to and held by a member of a club, society or other organisation, verifying the member's membership for a given period.

membrane /ˈmɛm.bɹeɪn/ membranes n
membrane
(anatomy, zootomy) A flexible enclosing or separating tissue forming a plane or film and separating two environments.
A mechanical, thin, flat flexible part that can deform or vibrate when excited by an external force.
A piece of parchment forming part of a roll.

membranophone membranophones n
membraphone
(music) Any musical instrument that produces sound via the vibration of a stretched membrane.

membranous /ˈmɛm.bɹən.əs/ more membranous most membranous adj
membraneux
(anatomy, zoology) Having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a membrane.

meme /miːm/ memes n
mème
(originally) Any unit of (originally cultural) information, such as a practice or idea, that is transmitted verbally or by repeated action from one mind to another in a comparable way to the transmission of genes.
(Internet) Media, usually humorous, which is copied and circulated online with slight adaptations, such as basic pictures, video templates, etc. [from 1993]

memeification memeifications n
mèmification
(Internet) The process of forming an Internet meme out of something.

memento /məˈmɛntoʊ/ mementoes mementos n
souvenir
A keepsake; an object kept as a reminder of a place or event.

memento mori /məˈmɛntoʊ ˈmɔːɹi/ memento moris mementos mori n
souviens-toi que tu vas mourir
An emblematic object or personal ornament, such as a skull, used as a reminder of one's mortality.

memetic /məˈmɛtɪk/ /mɪˈmɛtɪk/ more memetic most memetic adj
mémétique
Of or pertaining to memes; pertaining to replication of concepts.

memetics /mɛˈmɛtɪks/ n
mémétique
(philosophy) The study of memes and their social and cultural effects.

memo /ˈmɛmoʊ̯/ /ˈmɛməʊ̯/ memos n
memorandum note
A short note; a memorandum.

memoir /ˈmɛmˌwɑɹ/ /ˈmɛmˌwɑː/ /ˈmɛmˌwɔːɹ/ /ˈmɛmˌɔɪəɹ/ memoirs n
mémoires
A biography; a book describing the experiences of a subject from personal knowledge of the subject or from sources with personal knowledge of the subject.

memoization n
mémoization

memorabilia n
objets de collection souvenirs
Objects that are connected to or remind their owner of past events.

memorable /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more memorable most memorable adj
mémorable
Worthy to be remembered; very important or remarkable.

memorandum /ˌmɛm.əˈɹæn.dəm/ memoranda memorandums n
mémorandum
A short note serving as a reminder.
A written business communication.
A brief diplomatic communication.

memorandum of understanding memoranda of understanding memorandums of understanding n
mémorandum d'entente
(legal) A document that outlines the legal and factual premises believed by the parties to have been agreed to between them.

memorial /məˈmoʊɹi.əl/ /məˈmɔːɹi.əl/ more memorial most memorial adj
mémoriel
Serving as a remembrance of someone or something; commemorative.

memorial /məˈmoʊɹi.əl/ /məˈmɔːɹi.əl/ memorials n
mémorial
(obsolete) Memory; recollection. [14th–18th c.]
Something, such as a monument, by which someone or something is remembered. [from 14th c.]
A chronicle or memoir. [from 14th c.]
(now, rare) A note or memorandum. [from 14th c.]
(chiefly, Christianity) A service of remembrance or commemoration. [from 15th c.]
(legal) A statement of facts set out in the form of a petition to a person in authority, a court or tribunal, a government, etc. [from 17th c.]

memorizable more memorizable most memorizable adj
mémorisable
That may be memorized.

memorization memorizations n
mémorisation
The act of committing something to memory or memorizing.

memorize /ˈmem.əˌɹɑɪ̯z/ /ˈmɛm.əˌɹaɪ̯z/ v
mémoriser apprendre par cœur
To fully learn so as to have entirely available to the memory; to learn by heart, commit to memory.

memory /ˈmɛm(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪm(ə)ɹi/ memories n
mémoire
(uncountable) The ability of the brain to record information or impressions with the facility of recalling them later at will.
(computing) The part of a computer that stores variable executable code or data (RAM) or unalterable executable code or default data (ROM).
souvenir mémoire
A record of a thing or an event stored and available for later use by the organism.

memory foam memory foams n
mousse à mémoire de forme
Foam consisting of polyurethane and other chemicals used in the manufacturing of pillows, mattresses, laptop sleeves, etc, which reacts to body heat and molds to the shape of the body.

memory leak memory leaks n
fuite de mémoire
(computing) Any of several faults in the memory allocation logic of a computer or program whereby parts of memory become hidden or unusable.

memory stick memory sticks n
carte mémoire
(computing) One of a series of memory devices manufactured by the Sony Corporation ranging in size from a USB drive down to a flash card.

men /mɛn/ /mɪn/ n
gens hommes on
(collective, dated) (The) people, humanity, man(kind).

men's room men's rooms n
toilettes pour hommes
A lavatory intended for use by men, often including urinals in addition to toilets.

menace /ˈmɛnɪs/ menaces n
menace
A perceived threat or danger. [a. 1300]

menacing /ˈmɛnɪsɪŋ/ v
menaçant
threatening
Suggesting imminent harm

menagerie /mɪˈnæd͡ʒəɹɪ/ /mɪˈnæʒəɹɪ/ menageries n
ménagerie
A collection of live wild animals as an exhibition historically associated with the aristocracy and considered a precursor of modern zoos.

menarche /mɛˈnɑːki/ menarches n
ménarche
The onset of menstruation; a girl's first period.

mend /mɛnd/ /mɪnd/ v
rapiécer
(transitive) To put in a better state; to set right; to reform;
réparer raccommoder
(transitive) To help, to advance, to further; to add to.
rapiécer s'améliorer
(intransitive) To grow better; to advance to a better state; to become improved.

mend one's ways v
faire amende honorable
(idiomatic) To recognise one's failings and attempt to remedy them.

mendacious /mɛnˈdeɪʃəs/ more mendacious most mendacious adj
fallacieux mensonger trompeur
(of a person) Lying, untruthful or dishonest.

mendelevium /ˌmɛndəˈliːviəm/ n
mendélévium
(chemistry) A transuranic chemical element (symbol Md, formerly Mv) with atomic number 101.

mendicant /ˈmɛn.dɪ.kənt/ adj
mendiant
Depending on alms for a living.

mendicant order mendicant orders n
ordre mendiant
Any religious order whose members depend on begging or charity.

menhir /ˈmɛnhɪə/ /ˈmɛnˌ(h)ɪ(ə)ɹ/ menhirs n
menhir
(archaeology) A single tall standing stone as a monument, especially one dating to prehistoric times.

menial /ˈmiːni.əl/ more menial most menial adj
ancillaire
Of or relating to work normally performed by a servant.
subalterne
Of or relating to unskilled work.

menial /ˈmiːni.əl/ menials n
domestique
A servant, especially a domestic servant.

meningeal /mɪˈnɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌmɛn.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ adj
méningé
(anatomy, relational) Relating to the meninges.

meningitis /ˌmɛnɪnˈdʒaɪtɪs/ meningitides n
méningite
(pathology) Inflammation of the meninges, characterized by headache, neck stiffness and photophobia and also fever, chills, vomiting and myalgia.

meninx /ˈmi.nɪŋks/ /ˈmiː.nɪŋks/ /ˈmɛn.ɪŋks/ meninges n
méninge
(anatomy, usually, in the plural) A membrane, especially one of the three membranes lining the skull and vertebral canal and enclosing the brain and spinal cord in vertebrates.

meniscus /mə.ˈnɪs.kəs/ /mɛ.ˈnɪs.kəs/ menisci meniscuses n
ménisque
A crescent moon, or an object shaped like it. [from 17th c.]
The curved surface of liquids in tubes, whether concave or convex, caused by the surface tension of the liquid. [from 19th c.]
(anatomy) Either of two parts of the human knee that provide structural integrity to the knee when it undergoes tension and torsion. [from 19th c.]

meno- prefix
méno-
month
menstruation

menologium menologia menologiums n
ménologe
A calendar of the days of the month or of all the days of the year divided by month, particularly as a table of information divided in this way and

menopause /ˈmɛnoʊpɔːz/ /ˈmɛnəpɔːz/ menopauses n
ménopause
The final menstrual period of a woman after which ovulation no longer occurs.

menorrhagia /ˌmɛnɔːˈɹeɪd͡ʒɪə/ menorrhagias n
ménorragie
Excessive menstrual flow but regularly timed.

menotropin menotropins n
ménotropine

menoxenia /ˌmiːnəˈziːniə/ /ˌmɛnəˈziːniə/ n
ménoxénie
(pathology) Abnormal menstruation.

mensch /mɛnt͡ʃ/ menschen mensches n
homme de bien
A person (chiefly male) of strength, integrity, and honor or compassion.

menses /ˈmɛn.siːz/ n
menstruations menstrues règles
The discharge of blood mixed with pieces of cellular tissue from the uterus out through the vagina, which occurs roughly every month in uninseminated women; menstrual flow.

mensiversary mensiversaries n
mensiversaire
(rare) A day that marks an exact month (or specified number of months) since the occurrence of a significant event.

menstrual /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl/ /ˈmɛn.stɹəl/ adj
menstruel
Of or relating to the menses.
mensuel
(dated) Occurring once a month; monthly.

menstrual cup /ˈmɛn.stɹu.əl kʌp/ menstrual cups n
coupe menstruelle
A receptacle worn inside the vagina during menstruation to collect menstrual fluid.

menstrual cycle menstrual cycles n
cycle menstruel
The recurring cycle of physiological changes in the uninseminated females of some animal species that is associated with reproductive fertility; especially the cycle in a human woman.

menstrual pad menstrual pads n
serviette hygiénique
A pad of absorbent material (such as cotton) used to absorb menstrual flow.

menstruate /ˈmɛnstɹəˌweɪt/ /ˈmɛnstɹʊeɪt/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪt/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪt/ v
avoir ses règles
(intransitive) To undergo menstruation, to have a period.

menstruation /-stɹəˈweɪ-/ /ˌmɛnstɹuˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹuːˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnstɹʊˈeɪʃən/ /ˌmɛnˈstɹeɪʃən/ menstruations n
menstruation règles
The periodic discharging of the menses, the flow of blood and cells from the lining of the uterus in unfertilized females of humans and other primates.

mensur mensurs n
diapason
(lutherie) The measurement of the length of the vibrating string from the nut to the bridge.

mental /ˈmɛn.təl/ [ˈmɛnɘl] [ˈmɛɾ̃ɘl] more mental most mental adj
mental
(relational) Of or relating to the mind or specifically the total emotional and intellectual response of an individual to external reality.

mental calculation mental calculations n
calcul mental
Arithmetical calculations using only the human brain, with no help from any supplies (such as pencil and paper) or devices such as a calculator.

mental disorder mental disorders n
trouble mental trouble psychique
(psychiatry) A behavioral or mental pattern that may cause suffering or a poor ability to function in life.

mental hospital mental hospitals n
hôpital psychiatrique asile de fous asile psychiatrique clinique psychiatrique
A hospital facility designed to treat persons with serious mental disorders, as opposed to disorders of the body.

mental hygiene n
hygiène mentale
The concern and care for a clean, or healthy state of mind.

mental illness mental illnesses n
maladie mentale trouble mental trouble psychique
(uncountable, psychiatry) The property of being mentally ill; mental disorders taken as a whole.
(countable, psychiatry) A mental disorder.

mentalese /ˌmɛn(t)l̩ˈiz/ /ˌmɛnt(ə)lˈiːz/ mentaleses n
mentalais
(philosophy, psychology) A hypothetical non-verbal language in which concepts are represented in the mind. [from 1960s]

mentalis /mɛnˈteɪ.lɪs/ mentales n
muscle mentonnier
(muscle) A paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin; it originates in the incisive fossa of the mandible, inserts in the skin of the chin, and raises the chin and pushes up the lower lip.

mentality /-ɪti/ /mənˈtæləti/ /mɛnˈtæləti/ mentalities n
mentalité
A mindset; a way of thinking; a set of beliefs.

mentally /ˈmɛntəli/ more mentally most mentally adv
mentalement
In a mental manner; an idea thought out in one's mind, as opposed to an idea spoken orally.

mentally ill more mentally ill most mentally ill adj
malade mental malade mentalement mentalement malade
Having a psychological disorder.

mention /ˈmɛnʃən/ v
mentionner
To make a short reference to something.

mentonnière /ˌmɑn.tɔnˈjɛɚ/ /ˌmɛn.tənˈjɛɚ/ mentonnières n
mentonnière
(historical) An item of armor protecting the chin, often identified with or used interchangeably with the bevor.

mentor /ˈmɛn.tɔɹ/ /ˈmɛn.tɔː/ /ˈmɛn.təɹ/ mentors n
mentor
A wise and trusted counselor or teacher.

mentoress mentoresses n
mentoresse
A female mentor.

menu /ˈmɛn(j)ɪu̯/ /ˈmɛnju/ /ˈmɛnjuː/ menus n
menu carte
The details of the food to be served at a banquet; a bill of fare.
A list containing the food and beverages served at a restaurant, café, or bar. Menus may be printed on paper sheets provided to customers, put on a large poster or display board inside the establishment, displayed outside the restaurant, or digital.
menu
(computing, gaming) A list from which the user may select an operation to be performed, often done with a keyboard, mouse, or controller under a graphical user interface

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ interjection
miaou
The cry of a cat.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ meows n
miaulement nyaw
The cry of a cat.

meow /miˈaʊ̯/ /mjaʊ̯/ v
miauler
(intransitive) Of a cat, to make its cry.

meowing meowings n
miaulement
The act of uttering a meow.

mephedrone n
méphédrone
The recreational drug 4-methylmethcathinone, related to cathinone.

mercantile /-ˌtil/ /ˈmɜːkənˌtaɪl/ /ˈmɝ.kənˌtaɪl/ adj
mercantile
(economics) Concerned with the exchange of goods for profit.

mercantilism mercantilisms n
mercantilisme
(historical, economics) The theory that a nation must always have a positive balance of trade, in the manner that a merchant would operate a shop. Typically this model presupposes protectionism.

mercaptan /məˈkapt(ə)n/ mercaptans n
mercaptan
(chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds of sulphur, ( R1.S.R2 ); they tend to be foul-smelling. When R2 is a hydrogen atom, they are termed thiols or thioalcohols.

mercenary /ˈmɜː.sə.nə.ɹi/ /ˈmɜː.sən.ɹi/ /ˈmɝsəˌnɛɹi/ more mercenary most mercenary adj
mercenaire
Motivated by private gain.

mercenary /ˈmɜː.sə.nə.ɹi/ /ˈmɜː.sən.ɹi/ /ˈmɝsəˌnɛɹi/ mercenaries n
mercenaire
A person employed to fight in an armed conflict who is not a member of the state or military group for which they are fighting and whose primary motivation is private gain.

mercer /ˈmɜːsə/ /ˈmɝsɚ/ mercers n
mercier
A merchant dealing in fabrics and textiles, especially silks and other fine cloths.

merchandise /-daɪz/ /ˈmɜːt͡ʃəndaɪs/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃəndaɪs/ merchandises n
marchandise bien
(uncountable) Goods which are or were offered or intended for sale.

merchandising /ˈmɜːt͡ʃ(ə)ndaɪzɪŋ/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃənˌdaɪzɪŋ/ merchandisings n
marchandisage merchandising
(originally, US) The promotion of goods for sale in a store, especially through advertising, attractive displays, discounts, etc.; also (generally) , the promotion of any goods or services for sale.

merchant /ˈmɜːtʃənt/ /ˈmɝt͡ʃənt/ merchants n
marchand marchande
A person who traffics in commodities for profit.

merchant bank merchant banks n
banque d'affaires
A bank which provides financial services for businesses.

merchant fleet merchant fleets n
flotte marchande
A fleet of merchant ships, calculated either on a country-by-country basis, or on a global basis.

merchant marine merchant marines n
marin marchand marine marchande

merchant navy merchant navies n
marine marchande
A civilian maritime fleet dedicated to the sea transport of goods and merchandise; especially, such a fleet of any particular nationality.

merchantability n
commerciabilité
The state of being merchantable

merchantable more merchantable most merchantable adj
commerciable
Fit for the market, i.e. suitable for selling for an ordinary price. Sometimes, this is a technical designation for a particular kind or class.

merciful /ˈmɜːsɪfl̩/ /ˈmɝsɪfl̩/ more merciful most merciful adj
miséricordieux indulgent sensible
Showing mercy.

merciless /ˈmɜːsɪləs/ /ˈmɝsɪləs/ more merciless most merciless adj
impitoyable
Showing no mercy; cruel and pitiless.

mercurial /-ˈkjɔ-/ /məːˈkjʊə.ɹɪ.əl/ /mɝˈkjʊ.ɹi.əl/ more mercurial most mercurial adj
lunatique
(comparable) Having a lively or volatile character; animated, changeable, quick-witted. [from 17th c.]
mercuriel mercurielle
(not comparable, chemistry) Of or pertaining to the element mercury or quicksilver; containing mercury. [from 16th c.]

mercury /ˈmɜː(ɹ)kjʊɹi/ /ˈmɝk(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɝkjəɹi/ mercuries n
mercure
(with definite article) Ambient pressure or temperature (from the use of mercury in barometers and thermometers). [from 17th c.]
mercure vif-argent
(science, historical) One of the elemental principles formerly thought to be present in all metals. [from 15th c.]

mercury-vapour lamp mercury-vapour lamps n
lampe à vapeur de mercure
(British spelling) a gaseous discharge lamp in which the arc discharge takes place in mercury vapour; used for highway illumination and as an industrial source of ultraviolet radiation

mercy /ˈmɜːsi/ /ˈmɝsi/ mercies n
miséricorde pitié
(uncountable) Relenting; forbearance to cause or allow harm to another.
miséricorde
(uncountable) Forgiveness or compassion, especially toward those less fortunate.
(uncountable) A tendency toward forgiveness, pity, or compassion.

mere /mjøː/ /mjɜː/ /mɪə/ /mɪɚ/ /ˈmɛɹi/ /ˈmɛɹɛ/ merer merest adj
simple
Just, only; no more than, pure and simple, neither more nor better than might be expected. [from 16th c.]

mere mortal mere mortals n
pauvre mortel simple mortel
(idiomatic) An ordinary person, without special expertise or status.

merely /ˈmɪəli/ /ˈmɪɹli/ adv
simplement seulement uniquement
(focus) Without any other reason etc.; only, just, and nothing more. [from 16th c.]

mereology /ˌmɪəɹiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ mereologies n
méréologie
(logic) The discipline which deals with the relationship of parts with their respective wholes.

meretricious /ˌmɛɹəˈtɹɪʃəs/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈtɹɪʃəs/ more meretricious most meretricious adj
de mauvais goût spécieux
Tastelessly gaudy; superficially attractive but having in reality no value or substance; falsely alluring.
putassier racoleur
(obsolete) Of, or relating to prostitutes or prostitution.

merganser /məˈɡænsə/ /mɚˈɡænsɚ/ mergansers n
harle
Any of various diving ducks of the genera Mergus or Lophodytes, which feed on fish and have a sharply serrated bill.

merge /mɜːd͡ʒ/ /mɝd͡ʒ/ v
fusionner amalgamer
(transitive, intransitive) To combine into a whole.

merger /ˈmɜː.d͡ʒə/ /ˈmɝ.d͡ʒɚ/ mergers n
fusion fusionnement
The act or process of merging two or more parts into a single unit.
fusion
(economics) The legal union of two or more corporations into a single entity, typically assets and liabilities being assumed by the buying party.
(legal) An absorption of one or more estate(s) or contract(s) into one other, all being held by the same owner; of several counts of accusation into one judgement, etc.

mergers and acquisitions n
fusion-acquisition
Business transactions in which the ownership of companies are transferred to or consolidated with another company or business organization.

meridian /məˈɹɪ.di.ən/ /məˈɹɪ.dɪ.ən/ /mɪ-/ meridians n
méridien
(also, geography) In full terrestrial meridian: a great circle on the Earth's surface, passing through the geographic poles (the terrestrial North Pole and South Pole); also, half of such a circle extending from pole to pole, all points of which have the same longitude. [from 14th c.]
trimégiste
(US, printing, dated) The size of type between double great primer and canon, standardized as 44-point.

meringue /məˈɹæŋ/ meringues n
meringue
A mixture consisting of beaten egg whites and sugar which is added to the tops of pies then browned.
A shell made of this mixture which serves as the receptacle for fruit, ice cream or sherbet.

merino /məˈɹinoʊ/ merinos n
mérinos
(uncountable) The wool of this sheep.

merism /ˈmɛrɪz(ə)m/ merisms n
mérisme
(literature, rhetoric) A reference to something by its polar extremes, as in "we searched high and low".
(literature, rhetoric) A reference to something by a list of its parts.

merit /ˈmɛɹət/ /ˈmɛɹɪt/ merits n
mérite
(countable) A claim to commendation or a reward.
(countable, uncountable) Something deserving or worthy of positive recognition or reward.

merit /ˈmɛɹət/ /ˈmɛɹɪt/ v
mériter
(transitive) To deserve, to earn.

merit badge /-ɹət-/ /ˈmɛɹɪt ˌbæd͡ʒ/ merit badges n
badge du mérite
(originally, and, chiefly, US, scouting) An embroidered cloth patch awarded to a youth member of the Boy Scouts of America or other scouting organization who successfully completes an activity within an area of study (the badge bearing an image representing the activity), which is either sewn on to the sleeve of the scout's uniform or a sash worn with the uniform; hence, the award itself.

meritocracy /mɛɹəˈtɑkɹəsi/ /mɛɹɪˈtɒkɹəsi/ meritocracies n
méritocratie
Rule by merit and talent.

meritocratic more meritocratic most meritocratic adj
méritocratique

meritorious /ˌmɛɹɪˈtoʊɹi.əs/ /ˌmɛɹɪˈtɔɹi.əs/ more meritorious most meritorious adj
louable méritoire
Deserving of merit or commendation; deserving reward.

merlin /ˈmɝlɪn/ merlins n
faucon émerillon faucon merlin
A small falcon, Falco columbarius, that breeds in northern North America, Europe, and Asia.

merlon /ˈmɜːlən/ /ˈmɝl(ə)n/ merlons n
merlon
(architectural element, military, historical) Any of the upright projections between the embrasures of a battlement, originally for archers to shield behind while shooting arrows over the embrasures, or through loopholes in the merlons.

mermaid /ˈmɜːˌmeɪd/ /ˈmɝ.meɪd/ mermaids n
sirène
A mythological creature with a woman's head and upper body, and a tail of a fish.

merman mermen n
triton
A legendary creature, human male from the waist up, fishlike from the waist down.

meronym /ˈmɛɹənɪm/ meronyms n
méronyme
(semantics) A term used to denote a thing that is a part of something else.

meroplankton meroplankton meroplanktons n
méroplancton
(biology) Any organism that spends part of its life-cycle (especially the larval stage) as plankton

merperson merpeople merpersons n
ondin
A mythological creature with a human upper half (head, arms, and torso) and a piscine lower half.

merrily /ˈmɛɹɪli/ more merrily most merrily adv
gaiement
In a cheerful or merry way.

merriment /ˈmɛɹimənt/ /ˈmɛɹimɪnt/ merriments n
gaieté
A state of enjoyable exuberance.

merry /ˈmeɪɹi/ /ˈmeɹi/ /ˈmɛɹi/ merrier merriest adj
joyeux
Jolly and full of high spirits; happy.

merry Christmas phraseologicalUnit
joyeux Noël
(Australia, Canada, US) Used to express good wishes on or before Christmas Day.

merry-go-round /ˈmɛ.ɹi.ɡoʊ.ɹaʊnd/ /ˈmɛ.ɹi.ɡə.ɹaʊnd/ merry-go-rounds n
carrousel manège
A carousel; a pleasure ride, typically found at fairs and amusement parks, consisting of a slowly revolving circular platform on which various seats are fixed, frequently shaped like horses or other animals.

mesangial adj
mésangial
Of or pertaining to the mesangium

mesaxonic adj
mésaxonique
(zoology) Having an enlarged middle digit that forms the axis of the foot.

mesenchymal adj
mésenchymateux
Of or pertaining to the mesenchyme.

mesenchyme mesenchymes n
mésenchyme

mesentery /ˈmɛs.ən.təɹ.i/ /ˈmɛs.ən.tɹi/ /ˈmɛs.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈmɛz.ənˌtɛɹ.i/ mesenteries n
mésentère
(anatomy) The membrane that attaches the intestines to the wall of the abdomen, maintaining their position in the abdominal cavity, and supplying them with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

mesh /mɛʃ/ meshes n
maillage
A structure made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material, with evenly spaced openings between them.
engrenage
The engagement of the teeth of wheels, or of a wheel and rack.
maille
A measure of fineness (particle size) of ground material. A powder that passes through a sieve having 300 openings per linear inch but does not pass 400 openings per linear inch is said to be -300 +400 mesh.

mesh /mɛʃ/ v
concorder
(intransitive, figurative, by extension) To fit in; to come together harmoniously.

mesitylene mesitylenes n
mésitylène
(organic compound) The aromatic hydrocarbon 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene that is present in coal tar and crude oil; it has some use as a solvent

mesmerizing more mesmerizing most mesmerizing adj
envoûtant

meso- prefix
méso-
middle

meso-region meso-regions n
mesorrégion
An administrative system that is equivalent to a prefecture or a department. It is used in Brazil as a third-level administration between state and micro-region.

mesoblastic more mesoblastic most mesoblastic adj
mésoblastique
(biology) of, relating to, or resembling the mesoblast

mesocarp mesocarps n
mésocarpe

mesoderm mesoderms n
mésoderme
(embryology) One of the three tissue layers in the embryo of a metazoan animal. Through embryonic development, it will produce many internal organs of the adult, e.g. muscles, spine and circulatory system.

mesodermic adj
mésodermique

mesoecosystem mesoecosystems n
mésoécosystème

mesoglea mesogleas n
mésoglée
A gelatinous material found between the epithelial cellular layers of jellyfish and coelenterates

mesokurtosis n
mésokurticité

mesolect mesolects n
mésolecte
(sociolinguistics) A variety of speech that is midway between the acrolect and the basilect.

mesological adj
mésologique
Relating to mesology.

mesology mesologies n
mésologie
The study of the mutual interrelationships between organisms and their environment; branch of biology; former term for ecology.

mesometeorology n
mésométéorologie
The study of atmospheric phenomena on a larger scale than micrometeorology.

meson /ˈ-sɒn/ /ˈmiːzɒn/ /ˈmɛ-/ mesons n
méson
(now specifically, particle) An elementary particle that is composed of a quark and an antiquark, such as a kaon or pion. (Mesons composed of rarer quarks are much heavier.)

mesonic adj
mésonique
Of or pertaining to mesons

mesopause mesopauses n
mésopause
(meteorology) In the atmosphere, the boundary between the mesosphere and the thermosphere or ionosphere. It is the atmospheric boundary where the temperature reaches its minimum value.

mesophanerophyte mesophanerophytes n
mésophanérophyte
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 8 and 30 metres in height

mesophase mesophases n
mésophase

mesor mesors n
mésor

mesoscaphe mesoscaphes n
mésoscaphe

mesosphere mesospheres n
mésosphère
(meteorology) The layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere.

mesothelioma mesotheliomas mesotheliomata n
mésothéliome
(pathology, oncology) An uncommon malignant tumour of the mesothelium, usually of the lungs after exposure to asbestos.

mesotron mesotrons n
mésotron
(physics, dated) meson

mesovortex mesovortexes mesovortices n
méso-tourbillon mésovortex
A small-scale, vertical vortex of air associated with a thunderstorm that occurs at less than one kilometer from the ground and is between 2-20 kilometers in width.

mess /mɛs/ messes n
désordre fouillis gâchis bazar foutoir bordel
A disagreeable mixture or confusion of things; hence, a situation resulting from blundering or from misunderstanding.

mess around v
faire l’idiot
(informal) To fiddle idly.

mess kit mess kits n
gamelle
A compact set of eating utensils (including plate, cup, utensils) and sometimes cooking pots etc, used in the field by soldiers and by campers.

mess up v
gâcher
(transitive) To make a mess of; to untidy, disorder, soil, or muss.
foirer
(transitive) To cause a problem with; to introduce an error or mistake in; to make muddled or confused; spoil; ruin.
foirer rater bâcler
(transitive) To botch, bungle; to perform poorly on.

mess with v
chercher
(slang) To diss; to put down.

message /ˈmɛsɪd͡ʒ/ messages n
message
A communication, or what is communicated; any concept or information conveyed.
An underlying theme or conclusion to be drawn from something.

message in a bottle messages in a bottle messages in bottles n
bouteille à la mer
A message written on a scrap of paper, rolled-up and put in an empty bottle and set adrift on the ocean; traditionally, a method used by castaways to advertise their distress to the outside world.

messenger /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒə/ /ˈmɛs.n̩.d͡ʒɚ/ messengers n
messager coursier
One who brings messages.

messenger RNA messenger RNAs n
ARN messager
(biochemistry) RNA that encodes and carries information from DNA during transcription to sites of protein synthesis to undergo translation in order to yield a protein.

messiah /məˈsaɪ.ə/ messiahs n
messie
(Abrahamic tradition) The one who is ordained by God to lead the people of Israel, believed by Christians and Muslims to be Jesus Christ.

messianic /ˌmɛsaɪˈænɪk/ adj
messianique
Of, relating to, or resembling a messiah or the Messiah.

messianism messianisms n
messianisme
The belief in a messiah.

messianist adj
messianiste

messy /ˈmɛsi/ messier messiest adj
désordonné chaotique désorganisé
(of a place, situation, person, etc) In a disorderly state; chaotic; disorderly.

mestizo /mɛsˈtiː.zoʊ/ /mɛˈstiː.zoʊ/ mestizoes mestizos n
métis métisse
(Philippines, historical) a person of mixed ancestry, especially one of native Filipino and Spanish or Chinese ancestry, such as that of the Spanish mestizos and Chinese mestizos from the Spanish Colonial Era of the Philippines.

meta /ˈmɛtə/ [ˈmɛɾə] more meta most meta adj
méta
(informal) Self-referential; structured analogously (structured by relationships), but at a higher level.

meta- /məˈtæ/ /mɪˈta/ /mɪˈtæ/ prefix
méta-
(anatomy, and, zoology) Behind. [From 19th century]
(organic chemistry) in isomeric benzene derivatives, having the two substituents in alternate (1,3) positions; contrasted with ortho- and para-. [From 1833]
Transcending, encompassing.
Pertaining to a level above or beyond; reflexive or recursive; about itself or about other things of the same type. For example, metadata is data that describes data, metalanguage is language that describes language, etc. [From 17th century]
Having analogies with metaphysics.
(geology) Analogies and derivatives of metamorphism. [From 19th century]
(pathology) Consequent on.

meta-analysis meta-analyses n
méta-analyse
(statistics) Any systematic procedure for statistically combining the results of many different studies.

metabasis metabases n
métabase
(rhetoric) A change from one subject to another.
(pathology) Any change in the course of a disease; metabola.

metabolic /mɛtəˈbɒlɪk/ adj
métabolique
Of or pertaining to metamorphosis; pertaining to, or involving, change.

metabolic pathway metabolic pathways n
voie métabolique
(physiology) A series of chemical reactions occurring within a cell.

metabolism /məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.əm/ /mɪˈtab.ə.lɪz.əm/ /mɪˈtæb.ə.lɪz.əm/ [məˈtæb.əˌlɪz.m̩] [mɪˈtab.ə.lɪz.m̩] [mɪˈtæb.ə.lɪz.m̩] metabolisms n
métabolisme
(physiology) The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.

metabolite /mɪˈtæbəlaɪt/ metabolites n
métabolite
Any substance produced by, or taking part in, a metabolic reaction.

metabolization metabolizations n
métabolisation
The process of metabolizing (transitive senses).

metacarpal adj
métacarpien
Of the metacarpus.

metacarpal metacarpalia metacarpals n
métacarpe

metacarpus metacarpi n
métacarpe
(anatomy) The five bones that form the intermediate part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.

metacharacter metacharacters n
métacaractère

metachronism /məˈtækɹənɪzm/ metachronisms n
métachronisme
An error in chronological ordering in which a character or an event is placed at too late a time.

metaclass metaclasses n
métaclasse
(object-oriented programming) A class that serves as a template for other classes rather than objects.

metacompiler metacompilers n
métacompilateur

metadata /ˈmet.əˌdæɪ.tə/ /ˈmɛt.əˌdeɪ.tə/ [ˈmet.əˌdæɪ.ɾə] [ˈmɛɾ.əˌdeɪ.ɾə] n
métadonnées
Data that describes other data, serving as an informative label.

metadiegetic /ˌmɛt.ə.daɪ.ɪˈd͡ʒɛt.ɪk/ more metadiegetic most metadiegetic adj
métadiégétique
(narratology) Pertaining to a secondary narrative embedded within the primary narrative (a story within a story).

metafiction metafictions n
métafiction
A form of self-referential literature concerned with the art and devices of fiction itself.

metagalaxy metagalaxies n
métagalaxie
(astronomy) Any very large-scale organized collection of galaxies.

metagame v
méta-jeu métagame
(RPG) Of a roleplayer, to make use of knowledge while roleplaying that they learned out of character, which their character does not know; often considered a form of cheating.

metaidoioplasty metaidoioplasties n
métaidoïoplastie

metajoke metajokes n
métablague

metal /ˈmɛtəl/ metals n
métal
Any of a number of chemical elements in the periodic table that form a metallic bond with other metal atoms; generally shiny, somewhat malleable and hard, often a conductor of heat and electricity.
metal métal
(music) A category of rock music encompassing a number of genres (including thrash metal, death metal, heavy metal, etc.) characterized by strong drum-beats and distorted guitars.

metal detector metal detectors n
détecteur de métaux
A hand-held device that uses electromagnetic induction to detect buried metal.

metalanguage metalanguages n
métalangage
(linguistics, translation studies, critical theory) Any language or vocabulary of specialized terms used to describe or analyze a language or linguistic process
(computing) Any similar language used to define a programming language

metalepsis metalepses n
métalepse
(rhetoric) A rhetorical device whereby one word is metonymically substituted for another word which is itself a metonym; more broadly, a metaphor consisting of a series of embedded metonyms or rhetorical substitutions.

metalexicography n
metalexicographie
(linguistics, lexicography) The study of lexicography

metalhead metalheads n
métalleuse métalleux
(informal) Someone who listens to (is a fan of) heavy metal music.

metallic /məˈtæl.ɪk/ /mɪˈtæl.ɪk/ more metallic most metallic adj
métallique
Of, relating to, or characteristic of metal.
métallique métalisé
(of a color) Having the appearance of being of polished metal.

metalliferous more metalliferous most metalliferous adj
métallifère
(metallurgy) Containing a metallic element. Often used to describe ores that are mined commercially.

metallize v
métalliser
To coat, treat or impregnate a non-metallic object with metal.

metallocene metallocenes n
métallocène
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds containing two cyclopentadienyl anions and a transition metal whose bonding involves overlap of ns and np orbitals of the metal with molecular orbitals of appropriate symmetry of each cyclopentadienyl ring; the rings are parallel to each other, or sometimes canted.

metallogeny n
métallogénie
(geology) The branch of geology concerned with the study of the formation of mineral deposits

metallography metallographies n
métallographie
(metallurgy) The study of the structure of metals and their alloys, by any of a variety of techniques

metalloid /ˈmɛtəlɔɪd/ metalloids n
métalloïde
(chemistry) An element, such as silicon or germanium, intermediate in properties between that of a metal and a nonmetal; especially an elemental semiconductor.

metallophyte metallophytes n
métallophyte

metalloplastic adj
métalloplastique

metalloprotein metalloproteins n
métalloprotéine
(protein) a protein, such as haemoglobin or chlorophyll, that contains a metal atom as a cofactor

metallurgical /ˌmɛtəˈlɜː(ɹ)dʒɪkəl/ more metallurgical most metallurgical adj
métallurgique
(metallurgy) Of or relating to metallurgy, the study of metals and their properties.

metallurgically adv
métallurgiquement
In terms of metallurgy.

metallurgist metallurgists n
métallurgiste métallurge
A person skilled in metallurgy.

metallurgy /məˈtæl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /məˈtælədʒi/ /ˈmɛt.əˌlɚ.d͡ʒi/ /ˈmɛtəˌlɝdʒi/ metallurgies n
métallurgie
The science of metals; their extraction from ores, purification and alloying, heat treatment, and working.

metamathematics n
métamathématiques
A branch of mathematics dealing with mathematical systems and their nature.

metamorphic /ˌmɛt.əˈmɔɹ.fɪk/ adj
métamorphique
(geology) Pertaining to metamorphism; having been structurally altered as a result of, or resulting from, exposure to intense heat and/or pressure (at the contact zone between colliding plates, for example). [from 19th c.]
(zoology) Pertaining to metamorphosis. [from 19th c.]

metamorphic rock metamorphic rocks n
roche métamorphique
(geology) one of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; consists of pre-existing rock mass in which new minerals or textures are formed at higher temperatures and greater pressures than those present on the Earth's surface

metamorphose /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːˌfəʊz/ /ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹˌfoʊs/ /ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹˌfoʊz/ v
métamorphiser
(of a moth or insect, intransitive) To undergo metamorphosis.
(transitive) To transform (something) so that it has a completely different appearance.

metamorphosis /ˌmɛtəmɔːˈfəʊsɪs/ /ˌmɛtəˈmɔːfəsɪs/ /ˌmɛɾəˈmɔɹfəsɪs/ metamorphoses n
métamorphose
A transformation, such as one performed by magic.
A noticeable change in character, appearance, function or condition.
(pathology) A change, usually degenerative, in the structure of a specific body tissue.

metanarrative metanarratives n
grand récit métarécit
(critical theory) A narrative which concerns narratives of historical meaning, experience or knowledge and offers legitimation of such through the anticipated completion of some master idea; a grand story that is self-legitimizing.

metaphase metaphases n
métaphase

metaphor /ˈmɛ.tə.fə/ /ˈmɛ.tə.fɚ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔɹ/ /ˈmɛt.ə.fɔː/ metaphors n
métaphore
(uncountable, figure of speech) The use of a word or phrase to refer to something other than its literal meaning, invoking an implicit similarity between the thing described and what is denoted by the word or phrase.
(countable, figure of speech) A word or phrase used in such implied comparison.

metaphorically more metaphorically most metaphorically adv
métaphoriquement
(manner) In a metaphoric manner; not literally; by means of metaphor.

metaphorize v
métaphoriser
To describe using metaphors.

metaphyseal adj
métaphysaire
Of or pertaining to the metaphysis

metaphysical /ˌmɛtəˈfɪzɪkəl/ adj
métaphysique
Of or pertaining to metaphysics.

metaphysical naturalism n
naturalisme métaphysique
(philosophy, metaphysics) Philosophical worldview which holds that there is nothing but natural elements, principles, and relations of the kind studied by the natural sciences.

metaplasia metaplasias n
métaplasie
(biology) The conversion of one type of tissue into another.

metaplasm metaplasms n
métaplasme
(linguistics) Any change in a word made by altering its letters or sounds.

metaplastic more metaplastic most metaplastic adj
métaplastique
Relating to, or produced by metaplasia.

metapsychology metapsychologies n
métapsychologie
(psychology) The philosophical study of psychology and of the mind.
(psychology) A set of principles governing Freudian psychology.

metasearch engine metasearch engines n
métamoteur méta-chercheur méta-moteur

metastability metastabilities n
métastabilité
An unstable but potentially long-lived state of a system; for example, a supersaturated solution or an excited atom.

metastable adj
métastable
(physics, chemistry) Of or pertaining to a physical or chemical state that is relatively long-lived, but may decay to a lower energy state when slightly perturbed or through a quantum transition.

metastasis /mɪˈtæstəsɪs/ metastases n
métastase
(medicine) The transference of a bodily function or disease to another part of the body, specifically the development of a secondary area of disease remote from the original site, as with some cancers.

metastasize /məˈtæstəsaɪz/ v
métastaser
(intransitive, medicine, of a disease or tumor) To spread to other sites in the body; to undergo metastasis.

metastatic /mɛtəˈstætɪk/ adj
métastatique
(medicine) Relating to, or producing metastasis

metasyntax metasyntaxes n
métasyntaxe
The syntax of a metalanguage.

metatarsalgia n
métatarsalgie
(medicine) Pain in the region of the metatarsals.

metatheoretical /ˌmɛt.ə.θi.əˈɹɛt.ɪkl̩/ adj
métathéorétique
Of or pertaining to metatheory, the theory of theories

metathesis /mə.ˈtæ.θə.sɪs/ /mɛ.ˈtæ.θə.sɪs/ [mə.ˈtʰæ.θə.səs] [mɛ.ˈtʰæ.θə.sɪs] metatheses n
métathèse
(phonetics, prosody) The transposition of letters, syllables or sounds within a word, such as in ask as /æks/.

metaverse /ˈmet.ə.vɜːs/ /ˈmɛt.ə.vɜːs/ /ˈmɛt.ə.vɝs/ [ˈmɛɾ.ə.vɝs] metaverses n
métavers
(science fiction, Internet) A hypothetical future (counterpart or continuation of the) Internet, created by the convergence of virtually enhanced physical reality and physically persistent virtual space.

metazoa n
métazoaires
(zoology) The multicellular eukaryotes of the kingdom Metazoa considered collectively.

metazoan adj
métazoaire
Having to do with animals that develop from an embryo with three tissue layers.
Having to do with animals that are multicellular.

metazoan metazoans n
métazoaire
(zoology, deprecated) Any animal that undergoes development from an embryo stage with two or three tissue layers, namely the ectoderm, endoderm, and sometimes mesoderm.

metazoic adj
métazoïque
of, or relating to the metazoa

mete out v
allouer distribuer
To distribute something in portions; to apportion or dole out.

metempsychosis /mɛtəmsʌɪˈkəʊsɪs/ metempsychoses n
métempsycose
Transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. [from 16th c.]

meteor /ˈmiːtiɔɹ/ /ˈmiːtiɚ/ /ˈmiːtɪ.ə/ /ˈmiːtɪɔː/ [ˈmiːɾiɚ] meteors n
météore étoile filante
A fast-moving streak of light in the night sky caused by the entry of extraterrestrial matter into the earth's atmosphere; a shooting star or falling star. [from 16th c.]

meteor shower meteor showers n
pluie de météores
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when many meteors are seen on Earth during a short period of time.

meteoric /ˌmiːtiˈɒɹɪk/ more meteoric most meteoric adj
météorique
Of, pertaining to, or originating from a meteor.

meteorite /-ɾi-/ /ˈmi.ti.əˌɹaɪt/ /ˈmiː.tɪ.ə.ɹaɪt/ meteorites n
météorite
A metallic or stony object or body that is the remains of a meteoroid.

meteoroid meteoroids n
météoroïde
(astronomy) A relatively small (sand- to boulder-sized) fragment of debris in a star system that produces a meteor when it hits the atmosphere

meteorological /ˌmitiəɹəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩/ /ˌmiːtɪəɹəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ adj
météorologique
Of or pertaining to meteorology.

meteorological bomb meteorological bombs n
bombe météorologique

meteorologist meteorologists n
météorologue météorologiste
a person who studies meteorology
a weather forecaster

meteorology /ˌmiːti.əˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmiːtɪəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ meteorologies n
météorologie
The science that deals with the study of the atmosphere and its phenomena, especially with weather and weather forecasting.

meteoromancy n
meteoromancie
Divination by interpreting meteorological phenomena such as meteors.

meteotsunami meteotsunamis n
météo-tsunami météotsunami tsunami météorologique

meter /ˈmitəɹ/ /ˈmiːtə/ [ˈmiɾɚ] meters n
mètre compteur
A device that measures things.

metformin /mɛtˈfɔɹ.mɪn/ /mɛtˈfɔː.mɪn/ metformins n
metformine

methadone /ˈmɛθ.əd.əʊn/ /ˈmɛθ.əˌdoʊn/ methadones n
méthadone
(pharmaceutical drug) A powerful synthetic analgesic drug which is similar to morphine in its effects but less sedative and is used as a substitute drug in the treatment of morphine and heroin addiction.

methamidophos n
methamidophos
A specific organophosphate insecticide, having the chemical formula C2H8NO2PS

methamphetamine /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmiːn/ /ˌmɛθæmˈfɛtəˌmɪn/ methamphetamines n
méthamphétamine
A highly addictive phenethylamine stimulant drug, similar to cocaine. Its systematic (IUPAC) name is (S)-N-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine.

methane /ˈmiːθeɪn/ /ˈmɛθeɪn/ methanes n
méthane
(organic compound, uncountable) The simplest aliphatic hydrocarbon, CH₄, being a constituent of natural gas, and one of the most abundant greenhouse gases.

methanic adj
méthanique

methanogen methanogens n
méthanogène
Any of various archaebacteria capable of methanogenesis.

methanoic acid n
acide méthanoïque
(organic compound) formic acid

methanol methanols n
méthanol alcool de bois
(organic compound) The simplest aliphatic alcohol, CH3OH; a colourless, toxic, inflammable liquid, used as a solvent, antifreeze, in the chemical industry, and in the preparation of methylated spirit.

methasone methasones n
méthasone

methionine /-ˌnaɪn/ /mɛˈθaɪəˌniːn/ /mɪˈθʌɪəniːn/ /mɪˈθʌɪənɪn/ methionines n
méthionine
(amino acid, organic compound) A lipotropic, sulphur-containing essential amino acid, C5H11NO2S, found in most protein.

method /ˈmɛθəd/ methods n
méthode manière
A process by which a task is completed; a way of doing something (followed by the adposition of, to or for before the purpose of the process).
méthode
(acting, often "the method") A technique for acting based on the ideas articulated by Konstantin Stanislavski and focusing on authentically experiencing the inner life of the character being portrayed.
(object-oriented) A subroutine or function belonging to a class or object.
(dated) An instruction book systematically arranged.

method acting n
Méthode
(acting) An acting technique in which the actor fully immerses themselves into the character they are playing.

methodical more methodical most methodical adj
méthodique
In an organized manner; proceeding with regard to method; systematic.

methodically more methodically most methodically adv
méthodiquement
In a methodical manner; with order.

methodological /ˌmeθ.ə.dəˈlɔd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ /ˌmɛθ.ə.dəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌmɛθ.ə.dəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ more methodological most methodological adj
méthodologique
Of, pertaining to, or using methodology or a methodology.

methodology /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.əˈdɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌmɛθ.ɪˈdɑ.lɪ.d͡ʒi/ methodologies n
méthodologie
(originally, sciences) The study of methods used in a field.
(loosely) A collection of methods, practices, procedures and rules used by those who work in some field.

methotrexate /ˌmiː.θəˈtɹɛk.seɪt/ /ˌmɛθ.əˈtɹɛk.seɪt/ /ˌmɛθ.əˈtɹɛkˌseɪt/ methotrexates n
méthotrexate
(pharmaceutical drug) An antimetabolite and antifolate drug used in treatment of cancer, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies.

methyl /ˈmiːθaɪl/ /ˈmiːθɪl/ /ˈmɛθaɪl/ /ˈmɛθəl/ /ˈmɛθɪl/ methyls n
méthyle
(organic compound) The univalent hydrocarbon radical, CH3-, formally derived from methane by the loss of a hydrogen atom; a compound or part of a compound formed by the attachment of such a radical.

methyl alcohol n
alcool méthylique

methyl salicylate n
salycilate de méthyle
(chemistry) The methyl ester of salicylic acid and the principal constituent of oil of wintergreen.

methyl tert-butyl ether n
méthyl tert-butyl éther

methyl- prefix
méthyl-
(organic chemistry) Used to form terms describing the attachment of a methyl group

methylated spirit methylated spirits n
alcool dénaturé
(Commonwealth) Ethyl alcohol used as a fuel and a solvent, and usually free of taxes on alcohol; denatured alcohol;

methylation /ˌmɛθɪˈleɪʃən/ methylations n
méthylation
(genetics) The addition of a methyl group to cytosine and adenine residues in DNA that leads to the epigenetic modification of DNA and the reduction of gene expression and protein production.

methylene methylenes n
méthylène
(organic chemistry) The divalent group CH2< in which the free valencies are part of single bonds.
(organic chemistry) The same group, present as a repeating unit, in aliphatic compounds with names such as hexamethylenediamine.
(organic chemistry) The unstable carbene CH2:

methylguanosine methylguanosines n
méthylguanosine
(biochemistry) A methyl derivative of guanosine that is added to the "front" end of a eukaryotic messenger RNA shortly after the start of transcription.

methylmercury methylmercuries n
méthylmercure
(chemical compound) The organometallic cation CH3Hg+; it is a toxicant that accumulates in the environment in the form of various compounds

methylphenidate /ˌmɛθ əlˈfi nɪˌdeɪt/ /ˌmɛθ əlˈfɛn ɪˌdeɪt/ methylphenidates n
méthylphénidate
(medicine) A stimulant used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, better known by the trade name Ritalin

metic /ˈmɛtək/ /ˈmɛtɪk/ [ˈmɛɾək] metics n
métèque
(historical) In Ancient Greek city-states, a resident alien who did not have the rights of a citizen and who paid a tax for the right to live there.

meticulous /mɪˈtɪkjuləs/ /mɪˈtɪkjɪlɪs/ more meticulous most meticulous adj
méticuleux soigneux
Characterized by very precise, conscientious attention to details.

meticulously more meticulously most meticulously adv
méticuleusement minutieusement
In a meticulous manner.

meticulousness n
méticulosité
The state or characteristic of being meticulous.

metis /meɪˈtiː/ /meɪˈtiːs/ adj
métis métisse
Of mixed heritage

metochion metochia n
métoque
An ecclesiastical embassy church within Eastern Orthodox tradition.

metonym /ˈmɛ.tə.nɪm/ metonyms n
métonyme
(grammar) A word that names an object from a single characteristic of it or of a closely related object; a word used in metonymy.

metonymic /ˌmɛt.əˈnɪm.ɪk/ more metonymic most metonymic adj
métonymique
Of, or relating to, a word or phrase that names an object from a single characteristic of it or of a closely related object.

metonymy /mɪˈtɑnəmi/ /mɪˈtɒnəmi/ metonymies n
métonymie
(rhetoric) The use of a single characteristic or part of an object, concept or phenomenon to identify the entire object, concept, phenomenon or a related object.

metoposcopist metoposcopists n
métoposcope
One versed in metoposcopy.

metre /ˈmiːtə/ /ˈmiːtəɹ/ [ˈmiːɾɚ] metres n
mètre
The basic unit of length in the International System of Units (SI: Système International d'Unités), equal to the distance travelled by light in a vacuum in 1/299 792 458 seconds. The metre is equal to 39+47⁄127 (approximately 39.37) imperial inches.

metre per second metres per second n
mètre par seconde
An SI derived unit for measuring speed or velocity.

metrete metretae metretes n
métrète
A unit of liquid measure, in Ancient Greece, equal to about 40 litres

metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ adj
métrique
Of or relating to the metric system of measurement.
(music) Of or relating to the meter of a piece of music.

metric /ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ metrics n
métrique
A measure for something; a means of deriving a quantitative measurement or approximation for otherwise qualitative phenomena (especially used in engineering).
(mathematics) A function for the measurement of the "distance" between two points in some metric space: it is a real-valued function d(x,y) between points x and y satisfying the following properties: (1) "non-negativity": d(x,y) \ge 0 , (2) "identity of indiscernibles": d(x,y) = 0 \mbox{ iff } x=y , (3) "symmetry": d(x,y) = d(y,x) , and (4) "triangle inequality": d(x,y) \le d(x,z) + d(z,y) .

metric space metric spaces n
espace métrique
(mathematics, analysis, topology) Any set on which a metric is defined, giving a distance between any two elements.

metric system /ˈmɛtɹɪk ˌsɪstəm/ n
système métrique
The system of units developed in France in the 1790s and now used worldwide.

metric ton metric tons n
tonne
(chiefly, _, US) A unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms, about 2204.6 pounds avoirdupois.

metrical /ˈmɛtɹɪkl̩/ more metrical most metrical adj
métrique
relating to poetic meter

metrical foot metrical feet n
pied
(prosody) The basic unit of the underlying rhythm of verse.

metrizable adj
métrisable
(topology) Of a topological space: for which a metric exists that will induce the original topology.

metro station metro stations n
station de métro
A railway station for a rapid transit system.

metrological more metrological most metrological adj
métrologique
Of or pertaining to metrology

metrologist metrologists n
métrologiste métrologue
One who studies or practices metrology.

metrology /mɛtˈɹɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /mɛˈtɹɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ metrologies n
métrologie
(uncountable) The science of weights and measures or of measurement.

metronome /ˈmɛtɹəˌnoʊm/ /ˈmɛtɹəˌnəʊm/ metronomes n
métronome
(music) A device, containing an inverted pendulum, used to mark time by means of regular ticks at adjustable intervals; an electronic equivalent that emits flashes.

metronomic more metronomic most metronomic adj
métronomique
Regular, periodic and repetitive, like a metronome.

metronomically more metronomically most metronomically adv
métronomiquement
In a metronomic fashion.

metropole /ˈmɛtɹəpoʊl/ /ˈmɛtɹəpəʊl/ metropoles n
métropole
The parent-state of a colony. [from 19th c.]

metropolis /məˈtɹɑ.pə.ləs/ /məˈtɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /mɪˈtɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ metropoleis metropoles metropoli metropolis's metropolises metropolisses metropolizes n
métropole
(history, especially, Ancient Greece) The mother (founding) polis (city state) of a colony.
A large, busy city, especially as the main city in an area or country or as distinguished from surrounding rural areas.

metropolitan /mɛ.tɹəˈpɑ.lɪ.tən/ /mɛ.tɹəˈpɒ.lɪ.tən/ more metropolitan most metropolitan adj
métropolitain urbain
(Orthodox Christianity) Pertaining to the see or province of a metropolitan. [from 15th c.]
Of, or pertaining to, a metropolis or other large urban settlement. [from 16th c.]

metropolitan France pn
France métropolitaine Métropole
The part of France located in Europe

metropolitanly more metropolitanly most metropolitanly adv
métropolitainement

metrosexual metrosexuals n
métrosexuel
A man — typically urban, heterosexual, and affluent — who is concerned with personal appearance, such as personal grooming, fashion, and aesthetics in general.

metrosexuality n
métrosexualité
The quality of being metrosexual

mettle /ˈmɛtəl/ mettles n
prouesse
A quality of courage and endurance.

mettlesome more mettlesome most mettlesome adj
preux
Marked by mettle or bravery; courageous.

mew /mju/ /mjuː/ mews n
goéland mouette
(archaic, poetic, dialectal) A gull, seagull.

mezereon /məˈzɪəriən/ mezereons n
mézéréon
An ornamental shrub, Daphne mezereum, having purple flowers and bright red fruit.

mezuzah /məˈzuːzɔː/ mezuzahs mezuzot mezuzoth n
mezouzah mezouza
(Judaism, and, _, occasionally, _, Christianity) A piece of parchment inscribed with specific Hebrew verses from the Torah (Deuteronomy 6:4–9 and 11:13–21) and attached in a case to the doorpost of a house.

mezzaluna mezzalunas n
hachoir
A crescent-shaped steel blade attached to a wooden handle, used to chop food.

mezzanine /ˈmɛtsə-/ /ˈmɛzəniːn/ /ˈmɛzəˌnin/ /ˈmɛzˌnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈnin/ /ˌmɛzəˈniːn/ /ˌmɛzˈnin/ mezzanines n
mezzanine
An intermediate floor or storey in between the main floors of a building; specifically, one that is directly above the ground floor which does not extend over the whole floorspace of the building, and so resembles a large balcony overlooking the ground floor; an entresol.

mezzo-soprano /ˌmɛtsoʊsəˈpɹænoʊ/ mezzo-sopranos n
mezzo-soprano
A voice or voice part intermediate in compass between soprano and contralto.
A person having such a voice.

mi /miː/ n
mi
(music) A syllable used in sol-fa (solfège) to represent the third note of a major scale.

miaskitic adj
miaskitique

miasma /maɪˈæzmə/ /miˈæzmə/ miasmas miasmata n
miasme
A noxious atmosphere or emanation once thought to originate from swamps and waste, and to cause disease.
(figurative) A noxious atmosphere or influence, an ominous environment.

miasmatic /ˌmaɪəzˈmætɪk/ more miasmatic most miasmatic adj
miasmatique
Reeking, oppressing, having the nature of miasma.

mica /ˈmaɪ.kə/ micas n
mica
(mineral) Any of a group of hydrous aluminosilicate minerals characterized by highly perfect cleavage, so that they readily separate into very thin leaves, more or less elastic.

micaceous more micaceous most micaceous adj
micacé
Of, pertaining to, consisting of, containing or resembling mica.

micellar adj
micellaire

micellar water micellar waters n
eau micellaire

micelle /maɪˈsɛl/ /məˈsɛl/ micelles n
micelle
(chemistry) a colloidal aggregate, in a simple geometric form, of a specific number of amphipathic molecules which forms at a well-defined concentration, called the critical micelle concentration

micro- /maɪˈkɹɒ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹoʊ-/ /ˈmaɪkɹə-/ prefix
micro-
(diminutive) Very small.
(metric units) One millionth.

micro-region micro-regions n
microrrégion
An administrative system that is equivalent to a county or a prefecture and a department. It is used in Brazil as a third-level administration between state and micro-region.

microaggression /ˌmaɪ.kroʊ.əˈɡre.ʃən/ /ˌmaɪ.krəʊ.əˈɡre.ʃən/ microaggressions n
micro-agression
(sociology, chiefly, US) Any small-scale verbal or physical interaction between those of different races, cultures, beliefs, or genders that may have no malicious intent, but that can be interpreted as an aggression.

microalga microalgae n
micro-algue micro-algues
Any of many microscopic photosynthetic protists, often living as single cells and floating as plankton.

microarchitecture microarchitectures n
microarchitecture
(computing) The architecture of the data processing parts of a microcomputer.

microarcsecond microarcseconds n
microseconde d’arc
A unit of angle; one millionth (10−6) of an arcsecond.

microarray microarrays n
micromatrice microréseau
Any of several devices, containing a two-dimensional array of small quantities of biological material, used for various types of assay; the assay itself

microbe /ˈmaɪkɹoʊb/ microbes n
microbe
(microbiology) Any microorganism, but especially a harmful bacterium.

microbead microbeads n
microbille
A microscopic bead of plastic used as an exfoliant in personal care products.

microbial /maɪˈkroʊ.bi.əl/ /maɪˈkrəʊ.bi.əl/ adj
microbien
Of, relating to, or caused by microbes or microorganisms.

microbicide microbicides n
microbicide
Any substance that is harmful to and kills microorganisms.

microbiological adj
microbiologique
Of or pertaining to microbiology.

microbiologist microbiologists n
microbiologiste
A scientist whose speciality is microbiology.

microbiology n
microbiologie
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with microorganisms, especially their effects on man and other living organisms.

microblog microblogs n
microblog microblogue
(Internet) A blog on which one posts brief, frequent updates on one's activities.

microbrewery microbreweries n
microbrasserie
A small commercial brewery, often one serving a single pub at which it is physically located; in the United States, often used to indicate a brewery that produces fewer than 15,000 barrels of beer annually.

microburst microbursts n
microrafale
(meteorology) A strong downdraft, of less than 2.5 miles in diameter, that can cause damaging winds and powerful wind shear.

microcephalic more microcephalic most microcephalic adj
microcéphale
Having an abnormally small head.

microcephaly microcephalies n
microcéphalie
A neurological disorder in which the person affected has an abnormally small head due to a failure of brain growth.

microchip /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌt͡ʃɪp/ microchips n
micropuce
integrated circuit

microcircuit microcircuits n
microcircuit

microcomputer microcomputers n
microordinateur
(computer hardware) A computer designed around a microprocessor, smaller than a minicomputer or a mainframe.

microcontroller microcontrollers n
microcontrôleur
(computing, electronics) A microcomputer on a single chip, used to control some device such as an automobile engine or a toy.

microcosm /ˈmaɪ.kɹə(ʊ)ˌkɒz.əm/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌkɑz.əm/ microcosms n
microcosme
Human nature or the human body as representative of the wider universe; man considered as a miniature counterpart of divine or universal nature. [from 15th c.]
A smaller system which is seen as representative of a larger one. [from 17th c.]
(ecology) A small natural ecosystem; an artificial ecosystem set up as an experimental model. [from 19th c.]

microcosmic adj
microcosmique
Of, or relating to the microcosm.

microdissect v
microdisséquer

microdot microdots n
micropoint
A text or photographic image that has been reduced in size to that of a typographical dot in order to escape detection by unintended recipients.

microecosystem microecosystems n
microécosystème

microelectrode microelectrodes n
microélectrode
A very small, fine electrode, most often used to study the electrical behaviour of biological cells or tissues.

microelectronvolt microelectronvolts n
microélectronvolt

microemulsion microemulsions n
microémulsion

microfinance microfinances n
microfinance
(finance) Finance that is provided to unemployed or low-income people or groups.

microflora microflorae n
microflore
Microscopic plant life, especially the bacterial colonies found in the gut of normal, healthy animals and humans.

microfoam /ˈmʌɪkɹə(ʊ)fəʊm/ microfoams n
micro-mousse

microfossil microfossils n
microfossile
A microscopic fossil.

microframework microframeworks n
micro-framework

microgamete microgametes n
microgamète

microgram micrograms n
microgramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−6 grams. Symbol: μg A unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram, or 0.000 001 grams.

microgravity microgravities n
micropesanteur
(physics) A state of very low acceleration between two free floating objects, as found in sustained freefall, in orbit, or in interstellar space.

microgroove microgrooves n
microsillon
The long, spiral groove of a vinyl LP record

microhistory microhistories n
microhistoire
The study of the past on a small scale, such as an individual neighborhood or town, as a case study for general trends.

micromanagement n
micromanagement

micrometeorite micrometeorites n
micrométéorite
an extraterrestrial particle, less than a millimeter in size, that has survived entry into the atmosphere without melting

micrometeorology n
micrométéorologie
The portion of meteorology dealing with the observation and explanation of smallscale weather and weather forecasting for a local area up to several kilometers in diameter.

micrometer /maɪˈkɹɑmɪtəɹ/ /maɪˈkɹɒmɪtə/ [maɪˈkɹɑmɪɾɚ] micrometers n
micromètre
A device used to measure distance very precisely but within a limited range, especially depth, thickness, and diameter.

micrometer /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːtəɹ/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌmiːtə/ [ˈmaɪkɹoʊˌmiːɾɚ] micrometers n
micromètre
one millionth of a meter

micromobility n
micromobilité
Transportation over short distances, provided by lightweight (usually single-person) vehicles.

micron /ˈmaɪkɹɒn/ microns n
micron
(physics) The thousandth part of one millimeter; the millionth part of a meter.

micronova /ˈmaɪ.kɹo.noʊ.və/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹo.nəʊ.və/ micronovae micronovas n
micronova
(astronomy) A stellar outburst about one millionth the strength of a classical nova.

micronutrient micronutrients n
micro-élément
A mineral, vitamin or other substance that is essential, even in very small quantities, for growth or metabolism.

microorganism /ˌmaɪ.kɹoʊˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/ /ˌmaɪ.kɹəʊˈɔː.ɡəˌnɪz.m̩/ microorganisms n
microorganisme micro-organisme
(microbiology) An organism that is too small to be seen by the unaided eye, especially a single-celled organism, such as a bacterium.

micropaleontology n
micropaléontologie
The branch of paleontology dealing with the fossilized microscopic organic remains (microfossils) of the geologic past; including their structure, biology, relationships and distribution.

micropayment micropayments n
micropaiement microtransaction
(economics) A financial transaction for a very small amount of money

micropenis /ˈmaɪkɹoʊˈpinɪs/ micropenises n
micropénis
(medical) An unusually small penis.

microphanerophyte microphanerophytes n
microphanérophyte
(biology) Any phanerophyte between 2 and 8 metres in height

microphone /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfoʊn/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌfəʊn/ microphones n
microphone
A device (transducer) used to convert sound waves into a varying electric current; normally fed into an amplifier and either recorded or transmitted over radio.

microphotography n
microphotographie
The field of study of creating microphotographs, of photographing very small items or areas.

microplagiarism /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌpleɪd͡ʒəˌɹɪzm/ microplagiarisms n
micro-plagiat microplagiat

microplastic microplastics n
microplastique
Small particles of plastic (typically less than 5 mm) produced by the degradation of plastic products, found in high levels in the marine environment and increasingly throughout all environments and in food and drinks.

micropolitan /ˌmaɪkɹəˈpɒlɪtən/ adj
micropolitain
(US, _, statistical area) of a city, or twin cities having at least 10,000 but fewer than 50,000 inhabitants: less populated than metropolitan but more than rural.

microprocessor microprocessors n
microprocesseur
(computer hardware) The entire CPU of a computer on a single integrated circuit (chip).

microprogram microprograms n
microprogramme
(computing) a set of microinstructions in a CPU, used to implement machine instructions

microprogram v
microprogrammer
(computing) to manually write a microprogram

micropyle /ˈmaɪ.kɹoʊˌpaɪl/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəʊˌpaɪl/ micropyles n
micropyle
(botany) In seed-bearing plants, a small opening in the integuments of the ovule through which sperm are able to access the ovum.

microscope /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskoʊp/ /ˈmaɪ.kɹəˌskəʊp/ microscopes n
microscope
An optical instrument used for observing small objects.

microscopic /ˌmaɪ.kɹə.ˈskɑpɪk/ more microscopic most microscopic adj
microscopique
Of, or relating to microscopes or microscopy; microscopal
So small that it can only be seen using a microscope.
Very small; minute

microscopy /maɪˈkɹɑs.kə.pi/ /maɪˈkɹɒs.kə.pi/ microscopies n
microscopie
The study of microscopes, their design and manufacture.
The use of microscopes.

microsecond microseconds n
microseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−6 seconds. Symbol: μs It is commonly represented with symbol µs.

microskirt microskirts n
microjupe
An extremely short miniskirt with its hemline at the upper thigh, at or just below crotch or underwear level.

microsporophyll microsporophylls n
microsporophylle
a leaflike organ that bears one or more microsporangia (contrast megasporophyll or macrosporophyll)

microsurgery microsurgeries n
microchirurgie
Surgical procedures that are very small.

microtubule microtubules n
microtubule
A small tube made of protein and found in cells; part of the cytoskeleton.

microwavable adj
micro-ondable
Suitable for heating in a microwave oven; said of food and non-food items, especially containers.

microwave /ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌweɪv/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌweɪv/ microwaves n
micro-onde
An electromagnetic wave with wavelength between that of infrared light and radio waves.

microwave /ˈmaɪkɹəʊˌweɪv/ /ˈmaɪkɹəˌweɪv/ v
micro-onder
(transitive) To cook (something) in a microwave oven.

microwave oven /ˈmaɪkɹə(ʊ)ˌweɪv ˈʌv(ə)n/ microwave ovens n
four à micro-ondes micro-ondes
An oven that uses microwave energy to heat food or other items placed within it.

microzooplankton microzooplanktons n
microzooplancton

micturition micturitions n
miction
(physiology) Urination.

mid /mɪd/ preposition
mi-
Amid.

mid-April adv
mi-avril
In the middle of April.

mid-life crisis mid-life crises n
crise de la quarantaine
(psychology) An emotional period of doubt and anxiety sometimes experienced by people who realize that their life is already half over.

midbrain midbrains n
mésencéphale
(neuroanatomy) A part of the brain located rostral to the pons and caudal to the thalamus and the basal ganglia, composed of the tectum (dorsal portion) and the tegmentum (ventral portion).

middle /ˈmɘdɘl/ /ˈmɪdəl/ [ˈmə.dɯ(ɫ)] [ˈmə.ɾ-] [ˈmɪ.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ.dʊ] [ˈmɪ.ɾɫ̩] [ˈmɪ̝.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ̝.dʊ] [ˈmɪ̝.ɾ-] adj
moyen
Located in the middle; in between.
central
Central.

middle /ˈmɘdɘl/ /ˈmɪdəl/ [ˈmə.dɯ(ɫ)] [ˈmə.ɾ-] [ˈmɪ.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ.dʊ] [ˈmɪ.ɾɫ̩] [ˈmɪ̝.dəɫ] [ˈmɪ̝.dʊ] [ˈmɪ̝.ɾ-] middles n
milieu
A centre, midpoint.
The part between the beginning and the end.

middle age n
âge moyen
the period of life between youth and old age, not young nor old; midlife

middle class middle classes n
classe moyenne
A social and economic class lying above the working class and below the upper class.

middle ear middle ears n
oreille moyenne
(anatomy) The cavity in the temporal bone between the eardrum and the inner ear that contains the ossicles, and which conveys sound to the cochlea.

middle finger middle fingers n
majeur médius doigt du milieu doigt III troisième doigt
The finger between the forefinger and the ring finger
doigt d'honneur majeur
An obscene gesture directed towards another as an insult, made by sticking up the middle finger of a hand.

middle ground middle grounds n
juste milieu compromis
(idiomatic) A compromise position between extremes.

middle manager middle managers n
cadre intermédiaire cadre moyen
(business) In a large organization, a manager or administrator who occupies a position in the organizational hierarchy which is above the level of a front-line supervisor but below the level of a vice-president or similar senior manager.

middle name middle names n
deuxième prénom patronyme
A name between the first given name and the family name or surname; a second or subsequent given name.

middle note middle notes n
cœur note de cœur
The characteristic parts of a perfume that emerge only after a waiting-period

middle of nowhere n
trou du cul du monde Perpète-lès-Oies Pétaouchnok Trifouilly-les-Oies au milieu de nulle part trou perdu
(idiomatic) A very remote or secluded area; a nondescript place lacking population, interesting things, or defining characteristics.

middle school middle schools n
collège cycle
(schools, countable) A school which crosses the traditional divide between primary school and secondary school.

middle spotted woodpecker middle spotted woodpeckers n
pic mar
Any of species Dendrocoptes medius of a medium-sized woodpecker.

middle tilde middle tildes n
tilde médian
A tilde that runs through a character halfway up instead of being placed above it.

middle voice n
voix moyenne
A voice that is neither active nor passive, because the subject of the verb cannot be unambiguously categorized as either agent or patient, for having elements of both.

middle-aged /ˌmɪdl̩ˈeɪd͡ʒd/ more middle-aged most middle-aged adj
d'âge moyen d'âge mûr entre deux âges
of, or relating to middle age; neither old nor young

middleman [ˈmɪdɫ̩ˌmæn] middlemen n
intermédiaire
An intermediate dealer between the manufacturer and the retailer or customer.

midfielder midfielders n
milieu de terrain
(sports) A player who operates behind the attackers and in front of the defence.

midge /mɪd͡ʒ/ midges n
moucheron
any of various small two-winged flies, for example, from the family Chironomidae or non-biting midges, the family Chaoboridae or phantom midges, and the family Ceratopogonidae or biting midges, all belonging to the order Diptera

midget /ˈmɪd͡ʒɪt/ midgets n
nain naine
(sometimes, offensive) A normally-proportioned person with small stature, usually defined as reaching an adult height less than 4'10". [from later 19th c.]
nain nabot naine
(sometimes, offensive) Any short person.

midnight /ˈmɪdnʌɪt/ /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt/ midnights n
minuit
The middle of the night: the sixth temporal hour, equidistant between sunset and sunrise.
Twelve o'clock at night exactly.

midnight mass midnight masses n
messe de minuit
(in particular) A Roman Catholic religious service that marks the beginning of Christmas Day.

midnight sun /ˈmɪdnʌɪt sʌn/ /ˈmɪdˌnaɪt sʌn/ midnight suns n
soleil de minuit
The phenomenon occurring when the Sun does not set but only approaches the horizon at midnight; it occurs near the summer solstice in the polar regions.

midpoint /ˈmɪd.poɪnt/ /ˈmɪd.pɔɪnt/ midpoints n
mi-chemin
A point equidistant between two extremes.

midriff midriffs n
ventre
(anatomy) The middle section of the human torso, from below the chest to above the waist; the abdomen and its back part.

midseason midseasons n
mi-saison
The middle part of a season, such as a sporting, television, or growing season.

midst /mɪdst/ [mɪdst] [mɪtst] midsts n
centre milieu
(often, literary) A place in the middle of something; may be used of a literal or metaphorical location.

midterm /ˈmɪdˌtɚm/ adj
mi-mandat mi-session
Halfway through a term, or roughly so.

midterm /ˈmɪdˌtɚm/ midterms n
partiel
A midterm school exam (i.e., halfway through the term).

midwife /ˈmɪd.(w)ɪf/ /ˈmɪd.waɪf/ midwives n
sage-femme accoucheuse accoucheur sage-femme homme maïeuticien
A person, usually a woman, who is trained to assist women in childbirth, but who is not a physician.

midwifery /mɪdˈwɪfəɹi/ /ˈmɪdˌwaɪfəɹi/ midwiferies n
obstétrique
The practice and science of being a midwife.

midwinter /ˌmɪdˈwɪntə(ɹ)/ midwinters n
milieu de l'hiver
The middle of winter.
solstice d'hiver
The winter solstice; about December 21st or 22nd.

mien /miːn/ miens n
mine
(countable, uncountable) Demeanor; facial expression or attitude, especially one which is intended by its bearer.
(countable) A specific facial expression.

mifepristone /ˌmɪ.fɛˈpɹɪ.stəʊn/ /ˌmɪf.əˈpɹɪˌstoʊn/ n
mifépristone
(pharmaceutical drug) A steroid medication that inhibits the action of progesterone, typically given orally in combination with misoprostol in early pregnancy to induce abortion.

miff /mɪf/ miffs n
fâcherie
A small argument; a quarrel.

miff /mɪf/ v
fâcher
(intransitive) To become slightly offended.

miffed /mɪft/ more miffed most miffed adj
irrité
(informal) Somewhat indignant, irritated, angry, put out or annoyed.

might /maɪt/ mights n
pouvoir puissance
(countable, uncountable) Power, strength, force or influence held by a person or group.
force
(uncountable) Physical strength or force.

might /maɪt/ v
peut-être
(auxiliary) Used to indicate conditional or possible actions.

might makes right proverb
la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure
What is right or wrong is determined by power and strength; power justifies itself.

mighty /ˈmaɪti/ [ˈmʌɪɾi] mightier mightiest adj
puissant
Very strong; possessing might.

mighty oaks from little acorns grow proverb
petit poisson deviendra grand

migraine /ˈmaɪɡɹeɪn/ /ˈmiːɡɹeɪn/ migraines n
migraine
(pathology) A severe, disabling headache, usually affecting only one side of the head, and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, photophobia and visual disturbances.

migrant /ˈmaɪɡɹənt/ migrants n
immigrée immigré migrateur migratrice
Traveller or worker who moves from one region or country to another.

migrate /maɪ.ˈɡɹeɪt/ /ˈmaɪ.ɡɹeɪt/ v
migrer
(intransitive) To relocate periodically from one region to another, usually according to the seasons.

migration /maɪˈɡɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ migrations n
migration
An instance of moving to live in another place for a while.
Seasonal moving of animals, as mammals, birds or fish, especially between breeding and non-breeding areas.

migratory /ˈmaɪ.ɡɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˌmaɪˈɡɹeɪ.tə.ɹi/ adj
migrateur
(of birds, etc) Migrating.

migratory bird migratory birds n
oiseau migrateur
A bird that moves from one area of the world to another according to the season, usually from north to south and vice versa.

mikado /mɪˈkɑːdəʊ/ mikados n
mikado empereur japonais
(history) A former title of the emperors of Japan during a certain period.

mike /ˈmaɪk/ mikes n
micro
(informal) A microphone.

mil /mɪl/ mils n
millième
An angular mil, a unit of angular measurement equal to 1⁄6400 of a complete circle. At 1000 metres one mil subtends about one metre (0.98 m). Also 1⁄6000 and 1⁄6300 are used in other countries.

milady /mɪˈleɪdi/ miladies n
milady
(now, _, chiefly, historical, _, or, _) An English noblewoman or gentlewoman; the form of address to such a person; a lady. [from 18th c.]

mild /ˈmaɪld/ milder mildest adj
doux douce
Gentle and not easily angered.
léger
(of an illness or pain) Not serious or dangerous.
doux
(of weather) Moderately warm, especially less cold than expected.

mild steel mild steels n
acier au carbone
A kind of steel having a lower proportion of carbon than hardenable steels, rendering it softer and more malleable and ductile.

mildew /ˈmɪl.d(j)u/ /ˈmɪl.djuː/ n
mildiou
(plant disease) A growth of minute powdery or webby fungi, whitish or of different colors, found on various diseased or decaying substances.

mile /maɪ̯l/ [maɪ̯ɫ] mile miles n
mille mile
Any of several customary units of length derived from the 1593 English statute mile of 8 furlongs, equivalent to 5,280 feet or 1,760 yards of various precise values.
Any of many customary units of length from other measurement systems of roughly similar values, as the Chinese mile or Arabic mile.
nœud
(slang) One mile per hour, as a measure of speed.

mileage /ˈmaɪləd͡ʒ/ /ˈmaɪlɪd͡ʒ/ mileages n
kilometrage millage
The total distance travelled in miles or in air miles.
consommation
The number of miles travelled by a vehicle on a certain volume of fuel.

milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ milestones n
borne borne kilométrique
A stone milepost (or by extension in other materials), one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road at regular intervals, typically at the side of the road or in a median.
jalon
(idiomatic) An important event in a person's life or career, in the history of a nation, in the life of some project, etc.

miliaria miliarias n
miliaire
A rash caused by blocked, malfunctioning, or underdeveloped sweat glands.

miliary more miliary most miliary adj
miliaire

milieu /-ˈju/ /-ˈjə/ /-ˈjʊ/ /mɪlˈju/ /mɪlˈjɜː/ /ˈmiːljɜː/ milieus milieux n
milieu
(specifically) A social environment or setting.

militancy /ˈmɪlɪtənsi/ militancies n
militance
The quality of being militant.

militant /ˈmɪlɪtənt/ more militant most militant adj
militant
Fighting or disposed to fight; belligerent, warlike. [from 15th c.]

militarism militarisms n
militarisme
An ideology which claims that the military is the foundation of a society's security, and thereby its most important aspect.

militarist /ˈmɪl.ə.tə.ɹɪst/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tə.ɹɪst/ /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹɪst/ [ˈmɪl.ə.ɾə.ɹɪst] militarists n
militariste
One who believes in the use of military force.

militarization militarizations n
militarisation
The process whereby some area, procedure, aspect of culture, etc., becomes controlled by the military or administered in a military fashion.

militarize v
militariser
To give a military character to something, such as government or organization.
To train or equip for war.

military /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/ more military most military adj
militaire
Characteristic of members of the armed forces.
(North America) Relating to armed forces such as the army, marines, navy and air force (often as distinguished from civilians or police forces).
Relating to armies or ground forces.

military /ˈmɪl.ɪ.tɹi/ /ˈmɪl.ɪˌtɛɹ.i/ militaries military n
armée troupes
Armed forces.

military attaché military attachés n
attaché militaire
A diplomatic attaché for military affairs

military exercise military exercises n
exercices militaires grandes manœuvres
A large-scale activity involving military forces from multiple countries or commands, designed to demonstrate the level of alliance between those forces and their ability to coordinate, as a signal to potential military adversaries.

military hospital military hospitals n
hôpital militaire
a hospital for the care and treatment of sick and wounded military personnel.

military macaw military macaws n
ara militaire
Ara militaris, a large parrot with mostly green plumage.

military order military orders n
ordre militaire
An order of knighthood which has a military (typically crusading) as well as a spiritual vocation.

military parade military parades n
défilé militaire parade militaire
(military) A show of troops, an assembly of troops as a show of force, to receive orders, or especially for inspection at set times.

military police n
police militaire
(collective) A unit of a military organization whose duty is to police the organization. They are in charge of law enforcement on military property, and of military personnel.

military prison military prisons n
prison militaire
A prison operated by the military.

military rank military ranks n
grade militaire
A grade conferred upon officers in armed forces, police and intelligence agencies, typically denoted by particular insignia affixed to their uniforms.

military service n
service militaire
Service in an army or other military organisation, whether as a chosen job (volunteering) or as a result of an involuntary draft (conscription).

military tribunal military tribunals n
tribunal militaire
A military court designed to try members of enemy forces during times of war.

military will military wills n
testament militaire

military-industrial complex n
complexe militaro-industriel
The armed forces of a nation together with the industries that supply their weapons and materiel.

militate /ˈmɪlɪteɪt/ v
militer
To give force or effect toward; to influence.

militia /məˈlɪʃə/ militiae militias n
milice
An army of trained civilians, which may be an official reserve army, called upon in time of need, the entire able-bodied population of a state which may also be called upon, or a private force not under government control.

militiaman militiamen n
milicien
A member of a militia.

militsia militsias n
milice
The police in the Soviet Union and some related or successor states (e.g. modern Belarus).

milium milia n
milium
(dermatology) A keratin-filled cyst that can appear just under the epidermis or on the roof of the mouth.

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] milks n
lait
(uncountable, by extension) A white (or whitish) liquid obtained from a vegetable source such as almonds, coconuts, oats, rice, and/or soy beans.
(countable, informal) An individual serving of milk.

milk /mɪlk/ [mɛlk] v
traire
(transitive) To express milk from (a mammal, especially a cow).
(transitive) To express a liquid from a creature.

milk brother milk brothers n
frère de lait
A male milk sibling.

milk chocolate milk chocolates n
chocolat au lait
(uncountable) Chocolate that includes milk powder as one of its ingredients.

milk churn milk churns n
pot au lait pot à lait
A tall, conical or cylindrical container for the transportation of milk.

milk fever n
fièvre de lait
A type of fever caused by infection, occurring in women shortly after childbirth (previously associated with the start of lactation).

milk jug milk jugs n
lolo
(slang) A woman's breast.

milk powder milk powders n
lait en poudre
Pulverized milk solids, produced by evaporating all liquid from milk.

milk sister milk sisters n
sœur de lait
A female milk sibling.

milk tea milk teas n
thé au lait
A beverage containing a combination of milk and tea.

milk tooth milk teeth n
dent de lait dent laniaire
Any tooth of the first set of teeth of young people (or animals).

milk-cap milk-caps n
lactaire
A mushroom of the genus Lactarius.

milk-white more milk-white most milk-white adj
laiteux
Having a slightly bluish white color, that of milk.

milkfish milkfish milkfishes n
poisson-lait
Chanos chanos, an important food fish in southeast Asia.

milking milkings n
traite mulsion
The act by which any animal is milked.

milking machine milking machines n
trayeuse machine à traire
A machine for milking cows.

milkmaid /ˈmɪlkmeɪd/ milkmaids n
fille de laiterie laitière trayeuse
(historical) A girl or young woman who milks the cows on a farm.

milkman /ˈmɪlkmən/ milkmen n
laitier crémier
A man who delivers milk to households and sometimes businesses early in the morning.

milkshake /ˈmɪlk.ʃeɪk/ [ˈmɪɫk.ʃeɪk] milkshakes n
milk-shake lait frappé frappé
A thick beverage consisting of milk and ice cream mixed together, often with fruit, chocolate, or other flavoring.
(New England, Australia, New Zealand) A thin beverage, similar to the above, but with no ice cream or significantly less of it.
mayonnaise
(mechanics, informal) Accidental emulsion of oil and water in an engine.

milksop /ˈmɪlkˌsɒp/ milksops n
couard mauviette poltron trouillard
(by extension, pejorative) An easily frightened, ineffectual, or weak person.

milkvetch milkvetches n
astragale
Any member of most species of flowering plants of the genus Astragalus.

milkwoman milkwomen n
crémière laitière
A woman who delivers milk to households and sometimes businesses early in the morning.

milkwort milkworts n
polygale
Any of more than 500 species of flowering plants of the genus Polygala that are used as a food source by the larvae of some members of the Lepidoptera order.

milky /ˈmɪlki/ milkier milkiest adj
laiteux
Resembling milk in color, consistency, smell, etc.; consisting of milk.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪɫ] mills n
moulin
The building housing such a grinding apparatus.
fraiseuse
A machine for grinding and polishing.
fabrique usine manufacture
A manufacturing plant for paper, steel, textiles, etc.
manufacture
A building housing such a plant.

mill /mɪl/ [mɪɫ] v
moudre
(transitive) To grind or otherwise process in a mill or other machine.

mill race /ˈmɪlɹeɪs/ mill races n
bief
A fast-running water-filled channel diverted from a river or stream used to drive the millwheel in a watermill.

mille-feuille /milˈfwi/ /miːlˈfɔɪ/ /miːlˈfəː.i/ /miːlˈfɜː.i/ /ˌmil.fəˈwi/ /ˌmilˈfɔɪ/ mille-feuilles n
mille-feuille
A type of pastry made of several layers of puff pastry usually filled with cream or custard, and topped with icing or sugar.

millennial /məˈlɛ.ni.əl/ /mɪˈlɛ.nɪ.əl/ adj
millénaire
Thousand-year-old; also (by extension, loosely) thousands of years old.
Occurring every thousand years.
Referring to the thousandth anniversary of an event or happening.
(by extension, originally, US, demography) Often capitalized: of or relating to, or characteristic of, people born in the last two decades of the 20th century from around the early 1980s to the mid 1990s (with 1996 births cited as the last Millennial year), and who reached adulthood early in the third millennium C.E.
(Christianity) Synonym of millenarian (“pertaining to the belief in an impending period of one thousand years of peace and righteousness associated with the Second Coming of Christ and his reign on earth”)

millennial /məˈlɛ.ni.əl/ /mɪˈlɛ.nɪ.əl/ millennials n
millénial
(originally, US, demography) Often capitalized: a person from the generation born in the last two decades of the 20th century, from around the early 1980s to the mid-1990s and who reached adulthood early in the third millennium C.E., characterized by their familiarity with computer technology and poorer financial prospects than their parents.

millennium /mɪˈlɛnɪəm/ millennia millenniums n
millénaire
(with definite article) The year in which one period of one thousand years ends and another begins, especially the year 2000.

miller /ˈmɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪlɚ/ millers n
meunier meunière
A person who owns or operates a mill, especially a flour mill.

millet /ˈmɪlət/ /ˈmɪlɪt/ millets n
millet mil
Any of a group of various types of grass or its grains used as food, widely cultivated in the developing world.

milli- /ˈmɪlɪ/ prefix
milli-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, one-thousandth of the unit to which it is prefixed; that is, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10-3. Symbol: m.

milliampere milliamperes n
milliampère
One thousandth (10-3) of an ampere.

millibar millibars n
millibar
A non-SI unit of pressure equal to 100 pascals, used primarily to report atmospheric pressure.

milligram /ˈmɪlɪɡɹæm/ milligrams n
milligramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−3 grams. Symbol: mg

millilitre millilitres n
millilitre
(British spelling) A unit of measure of capacity, being one thousandth of a litre. Symbol: ml

millimetre millimetres n
millimètre
An SI/MKS unit of measure, the length of 1⁄1000 of a metre. Symbol: mm

millimetric adj
millimétrique
Having a size of the order of a millimetre.

milling cutter milling cutters n
fraise
(mechanical engineering) A rotary cutting tool typically used in milling machines.

milling machine milling machines n
fraiseuse
(mechanical engineering) A machine tool in which a rotating cutter is moved against the workpiece (or vice versa) in order to cut the latter to a desired shape.

million /ˈmɪljən/ [ˈmɪʎən] millions numeral
million
(long and short scales) The cardinal number 1,000,000: 106; a thousand thousand.

million-dollar question million-dollar questions n
la question à un million

millionaire /ˈmɪl.jəˌnɛɹ/ /ˌmɪl.i.əˈnɛə(ɹ)/ /ˌmɪl.jəˈnɛɹ/ millionaires n
millionnaire
A person whose net worth is at or greater than one million units of the local currency.

millionth /ˈmɪljənθ/ adj
millionième
The ordinal form of the number one million.

millionth /ˈmɪljənθ/ millionths n
millionième
The person or thing in the millionth position.
One of a million equal parts of a whole. Term ppm (parts per million) is also used.

millipede /ˈmɪləpid/ millipedes n
mille-pattes diplopode
Any of many elongated arthropods, of the class Diplopoda, with cylindrical bodies that have two pairs of legs for each one of their 20 to 100 or more body segments.[From 1600]

milliradian milliradians n
milliradian
(mathematics) An SI unit of plane angular measure equal to one thousandth of a radian

millisecond /ˈmɪlɪˌsɛkənd/ milliseconds n
milliseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−3 seconds. Symbol: ms; one one-thousandth of a second. Symbol: ms.

millstone /ˈmɪlstəʊn/ /ˈmɪlˌstoʊn/ millstones n
meule meulière
A large round stone used for grinding grain.
meulière
(geology) A coarse-grained sandstone used for making such stones; millstone grit.

milord /mɪˈlɔːd/ milords n
milord
(British, obsolete, jocular) An English nobleman, especially one traveling Europe in grand style; a wealthy British gentleman.

milpa milpas n
milpa
(agriculture, uncountable) A cyclical crop-growing system used throughout Mesoamerica.

milt /mɪlt/ milts n
laitance laite
The semen of a male fish.

mimable more mimable most mimable adj
mimable
That can be mimed

mime /maɪm/ mimes n
mime pantomime
A pantomime actor.

mimeograph mimeographs n
machine à polycopier miméographe polycopieuse
(historical) A machine for making printed copies using typed stencil, eventually superseded by photocopying.

mimeograph v
polycopier
To make mimeograph copies.

mimesis /mɪˈmiːsɪs/ mimeses n
mimèsis mimèse
The representation of aspects of the real world, especially human actions, in literature and art.

mimicry /ˈmɪm.ɪk.ɹi/ mimicries n
mimétisme mimique
An act or ability to simulate or effect the appearance of someone or something else.

mimsy /ˈmɪmzi/ mimsier mimsiest adj
enmîmé
(nonce) A nonce word in Lewis Carroll's Jabberwocky

mina minae minas n
mine
(historical) A monetary unit of ancient Greece and the Middle East, originally equivalent to the weight of a mina of silver. [From 15th C.]
(historical) A unit of weight of varying value used in the ancient Middle East, especially Babylonia, Mesopotamia and Egypt; also an ancient Greek measure of weight equivalent to 1/60th of a talent, approximately 400-700 grams. [From 16th C.]

minarchism /ˈmɪnəˌkɪzəm/ /ˈmɪnɚˌkɪzəm/ minarchisms n
minarchisme
Belief in the desirability and practicality of minimum government.

minaret /mɪnəˈɹɛt/ /ˈmɪnəɹɛt/ minarets n
minaret
The tall slender tower of an Islamic mosque, from which the muezzin recites the adhan (call to prayer).

minaudière /ˌminoʊˈdjɝ/ /ˌmɪnəʊˈdjɛː/ minaudières n
minaudière
(obsolete) A woman who is exaggeratedly affected or coquettish. [18th–19th c.]
A type of formal, decorative women's clutch bag without handles or a strap. [from 20th c.]

mince /mɪns/ minces n
hachis viande hachée
(uncountable) Finely chopped meat; minced meat.

mince /mɪns/ v
hacher
(transitive, cooking) To cut into very small pieces; to chop finely.

mince pie mince pies n
mince pie tarte au mincemeat
A pie, traditionally served around Christmas time, having a filling of mincemeat (now usually in the sweet sense) and sometimes also containing alcohol or other ingredients.

mince words v
ne pas mâcher ses mots
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To restrain oneself in a conversation by withholding some comments or using euphemisms.

minced more minced most minced adj
haché
Finely chopped.

minced oath minced oaths n
forme édulcorée formule d'évitement
A type of euphemism based on a profanity or blasphemy that has been altered to remove the objectionable characteristics of the original expression; polite versions of expletives.

mind /maɪnd/ minds n
esprit intelligence raison
The capability for rational thought.
mémoire
The ability to remember things.
concentration
The ability to focus the thoughts.
génie penseur
Somebody that embodies certain mental qualities.

mind /maɪnd/ v
déranger prendre garde
(chiefly, in the imperative) To pay attention or heed to so as to obey; hence to obey; to make sure, to take care (that). [from 17th c.]

mind control v
manipulation mentale
(transitive) To control an individual using such a process.

mind like a sieve n
mémoire de poisson rouge
(simile) very poor memory

mind map mind maps n
carte heuristique
A diagram used to represent words, ideas, tasks or other items linked to and arranged radially around a central key word or idea.

mind one's own business v
s'occuper de ses oignons se mêler de ses affaires
(idiomatic) To concern oneself only with what is of interest to oneself and not interfere in the affairs of others.

mind you adv
ceci dit
(idiomatic, colloquial, chiefly, UK) Used to introduce a qualification or contrastive statement, especially when toning down or rectifying

mind-boggling /ˈmaɪndˌbɑɡlɪŋ/ /ˈmaɪndˌbɒɡ(ə)lɪŋ/ /ˈmɑɪndˌbɔɡ(ə)lɪŋ/ more mind-boggling most mind-boggling adj
ahurissant stupéfiant
That causes the mind to boggle; that is beyond one's ability to understand or figure out.

mind-numbing more mind-numbing most mind-numbing adj
abrutissant
(idiomatic) Excessively boring, tedious, or dull; repetitive; of an activity, etc., lacking any interest or variety that might serve as intellectual stimulation.

minder minders n
garde du corps
(British) A personal bodyguard.

mindfuck /maɪnd.fʌk/ mindfucks n
confusion déroute embrouille
(slang, vulgar) Something that intentionally destabilizes, confuses or manipulates the mind of another person.

mindfuck /maɪnd.fʌk/ v
confusionner dérouter embrouiller
(slang, vulgar) To intentionally destabilize, confuse or manipulate the mind of another person.

mindful /ˈmaɪnd.fəl/ /ˈmɑɪnd.fəl/ /ˈmʌɪnd.fəl/ [ˈmaɪnd.fl̩] [ˈmɑɪnd.fl̩] [ˈmʌɪnd.fl̩] more mindful most mindful adj
conscient
Being aware (of something); attentive, heedful. [from 14th c.]

mindfulness mindfulnesses n
pleine conscience
(Buddhism, psychology) Paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and non-judgementally.

mindless more mindless most mindless adj
écervelé
Showing a lack of forethought or sense.
irraisonné
Having no sensible meaning or purpose.

mindset mindsets n
disposition d'esprit mentalité état d'esprit
A way of thinking; an attitude or opinion, especially a habitual one.

mine /maɪ̯n/ mines n
mine
An excavation from which ore or solid minerals are taken, especially one consisting of underground tunnels.
(military) A device intended to explode when stepped upon or touched, or when approached by a ship, vehicle, or person.

mine /maɪ̯n/ pronoun
mien à moi
That which belongs to me.

mine /maɪ̯n/ v
extraire miner
To dig away, or otherwise remove, the substratum or foundation of; to lay a mine under; to sap; to undermine.

mine-clearing n
déminage
The process of removing and neutralizing mines.

minecart minecarts n
wagonnet
A wheeled container that travels on tracks, used for moving mining materials.

minefield minefields n
champ de mines
An area in which land mines or naval mines have been laid.
terrain glissant terrain miné
(by extension) A dangerous situation.

minelayer minelayers n
mouilleur
A ship capable of laying mines.

miner /ˈmaɪnə(ɹ)/ miners n
mineur
A person who works in a mine.

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ adj
minéral
of, related to, or containing minerals

mineral /ˈmɪn.ə.ɹəl/ /ˈmɪn.ɚ.əl/ /ˈmɪn.ɹəl/ minerals n
minéral minerai
(geology) Any naturally occurring inorganic material that has a (more or less) definite chemical composition and characteristic physical properties.
minéral
Any inorganic material (as distinguished from animal or vegetable).
(nutrition) Any inorganic element that is essential to nutrition; a dietary mineral.

mineral water mineral waters n
eau minérale
Water from a spring that naturally contains dissolved minerals, often treated in any of several ways (filtering, aerating etc) and bottled; used either therapeutically or out of preference.

minerality n
minéralité
(wine) Having characteristics associated with mineral water

mineralize v
minéraliser
To convert to a mineral; to petrify.
To impregnate with minerals.

mineralogical adj
minéralogique
Relating to mineralogy.

mineralogist mineralogists n
minéralogiste
A person expert in mineralogy.

mineralogy /ˌmɪnəˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌmɪnəˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ mineralogies n
minéralogie
(petrology) The branch of petrology that studies minerals.

mineralomass mineralomasses n
minéralomasse

minerotrophic adj
minérotrophe
Pertaining to minerotrophy.

mineshaft mineshafts n
puits de mine
A vertical hole through the strata to reach the mineral which is being mined.

minestrone /ˌmɪnəˈstɹoʊni/ /ˌmɪnɪˈstɹəʊnɪ/ minestrones n
minestrone
Any of many thick Italian vegetable soups.

minesweeper minesweepers n
dragueur de mines démineur
A vehicle, device or person with the purpose of removing explosive mines (landmines or water mines).
démineur
(uncountable, computing, video games) A logic-based computer game in which the player has to discover the position of mines in a rectangular grid, based on numerical hints.

mineworker mineworkers n
mineur
One who works in a mine.

mingle /ˈmɪŋ.ɡəl/ v
mélanger
(transitive) To intermix; to combine or join, as an individual or part, with other parts, but commonly so as to be distinguishable in the product.

mini hi-fi system mini hi-fi systems n
minichaîne

mini- /ˈmɪ.ni/ prefix
mini-
(diminutive) Smaller version of an item than usual.

miniature /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈmɪn(i)ət͡ʃʊəɹ/ /ˈmɪnɪtʃə/ miniatures n
miniature
A small version of something; a model of reduced scale.
enluminure
An illustration in an illuminated manuscript.
figurine
(RPG, board games) A token in a game representing a unit or character.

miniature golf n
golf miniature minigolf
(golf) An informal form of golf, played with a putter on a short course featuring novelty obstacles.

miniaturization miniaturizations n
miniaturisation
The act or process of miniaturizing or making smaller.

minibar minibars n
mini-bar
A small refrigerator in a hotel room, containing drinks and snacks that the guest may choose to purchase during their stay.

minibus minibuses minibusses n
minibus
A small bus, especially one used as transport for small groups.

miniculture /ˈmɪniˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ minicultures n
miniculture
Small-scale culture (of bacteria, or figuratively).

minidress /ˈmɪn.i.ˌdɹɛs/ minidresses n
minirobe
A woman's short dress with its hemline well above the knees, generally at mid-thigh level.

minim /ˈmɪ.nɪm/ minims n
blanche
(music) A half note, drawn as a semibreve with a stem.

minimal /ˈmɪn.ə.məl/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məl/ more minimal most minimal adj
minimum minimal
The smallest possible amount, quantity, or degree.
minimaliste
(arts) Characterised by the use of simple form or structures.
(music) Characterised by the repetition and gradual alteration of short phrases.

minimal pair minimal pairs n
paire minimale
(phonology) A pair of words differing by only one phonetic segment or suprasegment, used to prove the validity of a proposed phoneme, toneme, or chroneme.

minimal polynomial minimal polynomials n
polynôme minimal
(field theory) Given an algebraic element α of a given extension field of some field K, the monic polynomial of smallest degree of which α is a root.

minimalism minimalisms n
minimalisme
(arts) A style of art that emphasises extreme simplicity of form.
(music genre) A style of music that emphasises extreme simplicity of rhythms and melodic forms to achieve a trancelike effect.

minimalist more minimalist most minimalist adj
minimaliste
Believing in or seeking a minimal state; seeking to minimize or reduce to a minimum.

minimalist minimalists n
minimaliste
One who believes in or seeks a minimal state; one who seeks to minimize or reduce to a minimum.

minimize /ˈmɪn.ə.maɪz/ /ˈmɪn.əˌmaɪz/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.maɪz/ v
minimiser
(transitive) To make (something) smaller or as small as possible; shrink; reduce.
réduire minimiser
(computing, transitive, graphical user interface) To remove (a window) from the main display area, collapsing it to an icon or caption.

minimum /ˈmɪn.ə.məm/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm/ adj
minimum
To the lowest degree.

minimum /ˈmɪn.ə.məm/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ.məm/ minima minimums n
minimum
The lowest limit.

minimum viable product minimum viable products n
produit minimum viable
A version of a product with just enough features to be usable by early customers who can then provide feedback for future product development.

minimum wage minimum wages n
salaire minimum
The lowest rate at which an employer must legally pay an employee; usually expressed as pay per hour.

mining /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/ minings n
exploitation minière extraction minière
The activity of removing solid valuables from the earth.

minion /ˈmɪnjən/ minions n
sous-fifre subalterne séide
A loyal servant of another, usually a more powerful being.
laquais
A sycophantic follower.
mignone mignonne
(uncountable, typography, printing) The size of type between nonpareil and brevier, standardized as 7-point.

miniskirt /ˈmɪnɪskəːt/ miniskirts n
minijupe jupette
A short skirt with its hemline well above the knees, generally at mid-thigh level.

minister /ˈmɪn.əˌstɚ/ /ˈmɪn.ɪ-/ /ˈmɪn.ɪs.tə/ ministers n
pasteur prêtre
(religion) A person who is trained to preach, to perform religious ceremonies, and to afford pastoral care at a Protestant church.
ministre
(government) A politician who heads a ministry

minister of justice ministers of justice n
garde des sceaux ministre de la Justice

ministerial /-ˈstɪəɹ-/ /ˌmɪnəˈstɪɹi.əl/ more ministerial most ministerial adj
ministériel
Related to a governmental minister or ministry.
Having the power to wield delegated executive authority.

ministerial /-ˈstɪəɹ-/ /ˌmɪnəˈstɪɹi.əl/ ministerials n
ministériel
(historical) A member of the mediaeval estate or caste of unfree nobles.

ministry /ˈmɪnɪstɹi/ ministries n
gouvernement ministère du culte
ministère
Government department, at the administrative level normally headed by a minister (or equivalent rank, e.g. secretary of state), who holds it as portfolio, especially in a constitutional monarchy, but also as a polity
ministère cabinet
The complete body of government ministers (whether or not they are in cabinet) under the leadership of a head of government (such as a prime minister)

minium /ˈmɪnɪəm/ miniums n
minium
Red lead. [from 17th c.]

minivan minivans n
fourgonnette mini-fourgon mini-fourgonnette
A small van.
monospace
(chiefly, US) A large and spacious passenger car, typically with five or seven seats and sliding rear doors

miniver /ˈmɪnɪvə/ /ˈmɪnɪvɚ/ minivers n
menu-vair
A light gray or white fur used to trim the robes of judges or state executives, also used in medieval times.

mink /mɪŋk/ mink minks n
vison
(plural mink or minks) Any of various semi-aquatic, carnivorous mammals in the Mustelinae subfamily, similar to weasels, with dark fur, native to Europe and America, of which two species in different genera are extant: the American mink (Neovison vison) and the European mink (Mustela lutreola).

minke whale minke whales n
baleine de minke petit rorqual
Either of two baleen whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata and Balaenoptera bonaerensis, found in coastal waters.

minneola /mɪniˈoʊlə/ minneolas n
mineola
A cross between a tangerine and a grapefruit.

minnow /ˈmɪnoʊ/ /ˈmɪnəʊ/ minnows n
fretin
Chiefly with a qualifying word: any of a number of other (small) fish from the family Cyprinidae; also (chiefly, US) , other small (usually freshwater) fish from other families.
vairon
The common minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus), a small freshwater fish of the carp family Cyprinidae which has a green back with black elongated blotches, commonly swimming in large shoals.

minnow /ˈmɪnoʊ/ /ˈmɪnəʊ/ v
vaironner
To fish, especially for trout, using minnows as bait.

minor /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/ /ˈmaɪnə/ more minor most minor adj
mineur
(music) Incorporating a minor third interval above the (in scales) tonic or (in chords) root note, (also, _, figurative) tending to produce a dark, discordant, sad, or pensive effect.
Lesser, smaller in importance, size, degree, seriousness, or significance compared to another option, particularly:

minor /ˈmaɪ.nəɹ/ /ˈmaɪnə/ minors n
mineur
(Scots law, obsolete) An adolescent, a person above the legal age of puberty but below the age of majority.

minor axis minor axes n
petit axe
The shortest diameter of an ellipse, which bisects the major axis at a right angle.

minor interval minor intervals n
intervalle mineur

minor key minor keys n
mode mineur tonalité mineure
(music) A musical key based upon a minor scale.

minor piece minor pieces n
pièce mineure
(chess) A bishop or a knight.

minor scale minor scales n
gamme mineure mode mineur
(music) Any diatonic scale whose first, third, and fifth scale degrees form a minor triad.

minor third minor thirds n
tierce mineure
A musical interval in Western music that approximates a frequency ratio of 6:5, spanning two degrees of the diatonic scale.

minoritary adj
minoritaire

minority /maɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɑɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /mɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ more minority most minority adj
minoritaire
(relational, attributive) Of or relating to a minority.
(attributive, politics, of a party, government, etc.) Empowered by or representing a minority (usually a plurality) of votes cast, legislative seats, etc., rather than an outright majority thereof.

minority /maɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /maɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɑɪˈnɔɹ.ə.ti/ /mɪˈnɑɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɒɹ.ɪ.ti/ /mɪˈnɔɹ.ɪ.ti/ minorities n
minoritaire
minorité
The state of being a minor; youth, the period of a person's life prior to reaching adulthood. [from 15th c.]
Any subgroup that does not form a numerical majority. [from 18th c.]

minority language minority languages n
langue minoritaire
(sociolinguistics) A language spoken by a minority of the population of a territory.

minotaur /ˈmaɪnəˌtɑɹ/ /ˈmaɪnəˌtɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪnəˌtɑɹ/ /ˈmɪnəˌtɔː(ɹ)/ pn
minotaure
(Greek mythology)

minster /ˈmɪnstə/ /ˈmɪnstɚ/ minsters n
moutier
A monastic church.

minstrel /ˈmɪnstɹ(ə)l/ minstrels n
ménestrel ménétrier
(historical) Originally, an entertainer employed to juggle, play music, sing, tell stories, etc.; a buffoon, a fool, a jester; later, a medieval (especially travelling) entertainer who would recite and sing poetry, often to their own musical accompaniment.

minstrel show minstrel shows n
minstrel show
(theater) A variety show performed by minstrels, primarily white people in blackface.

mint /mɪnt/ adj
impeccable
(numismatics) In near-perfect condition; uncirculated.

mint /mɪnt/ mints n
hôtel des monnaies atelier des monnaies
A building or institution where money (originally, only coins) is produced under government licence.
fortune
(informal) A vast sum of money; (by extension) a large amount of something.
menthe
The flavouring of the plant, either a sweet, a jelly or sauce.
bonbon à la menthe pastille à la menthe
A mint-flavored candy, often eaten to sweeten the smell of the breath.

mint /mɪnt/ v
battre monnaie frapper monnaie monnayer
To invent; to forge; to fabricate; to fashion.

mint chocolate chip n
menthe pépites de chocolat
An ice cream flavor with a spearmint or peppermint base and chocolate chips.

mint sauce mint sauces n
sauce à la menthe
A sauce, made with mint and vinegar, that is a popular accompaniment to roast lamb.

minuend /ˈmɪnjʊˌɛnd/ minuends n
diminuende
(arithmetic) A number or quantity from which another is to be subtracted.

minuet minuets n
menuet
A slow graceful dance consisting of a coupé, a high step, and a balance.
(music) A complete short musical composition inspired by and conforming to many formal characteristics of the traditional musical accompaniment to the dance of same name.

minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ adj
strictement négatif strictement négative
Being a negative quantity; pertaining to a deficit or reduction. [from 18th c.]
moins
That is below zero by (a specified amount) on a scale. [from 19th c.]
(postpositive) Ranking just below (a designated rating). [from 19th c.]

minus /ˈmaɪnəs/ preposition
moins
(mathematics) Made less or reduced by (followed by an expression of number or quantity). [from 15th c.]

minus sign minus signs n
signe moins
(arithmetic) The symbol −, used to denote the operation of subtraction or to indicate that a number is negative.

minuscule /mɪˈnʌsˌkjul/ /ˈmɪn.jʊˌskjuːl/ /ˈmɪn.əˌskjul/ /ˈmɪn.ʊˌskjuːl/ more minuscule most minuscule adj
minuscule
Written in minuscule handwriting style.
Very small; tiny.

minuscule /mɪˈnʌsˌkjul/ /ˈmɪn.jʊˌskjuːl/ /ˈmɪn.əˌskjul/ /ˈmɪn.ʊˌskjuːl/ minuscules n
minuscule
(countable) A lowercase letter.

minute /maɪˈn(j)ut/ /maɪˈn(j)uːt/ /maɪˈnjuːt/ /maɪˈnɪu̯t/ /məˈn(j)ut/ /mʌɪ-/ [məɪ̯-] minuter minutest adj
minuscule
Very small.
minutieux
Very careful and exact, giving small details.

minute /ˈmɪnɪt/ minutes n
minute
A unit of time which is one sixtieth of an hour (sixty seconds).
A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a degree.
A unit of purchase on a telephone or other similar network, especially a cell phone network, roughly equivalent in gross form to sixty seconds' use of the network.
minute instant moment
(informal) A short but unspecified time period.
procès-verbal
(chiefly in the plural, minutes) A (usually formal) written record of a meeting or a part of a meeting.

minute hand minute hands n
aiguille des minutes grande aiguille
The hand of a clock or watch face that revolves once each hour and indicates the minutes.

minute of angle minutes of angle n
minute d'arc
An angle, one sixtieth (1/60th) of a degree, used by gunners as a measurement of accuracy. One minute of angle is roughly equal to 1 inch at 100 yards distance.

minutes /ˈmɪnɪts/ n
procès-verbal
The official notes kept during a meeting.

minutia /maɪˈn(j)uːʃ(iː)ə/ /məˈn(j)uːʃ(iː)ə/ minutiae minutiæ n
petit détail
A minor detail, often of negligible importance.

minx /mɪŋks/ minxes n
pimbêche
A flirtatious, impudent, or pert young woman.

minyan /ˈmɪn.jən/ minyanim minyans n
miniane
The minimum number of ten (male) adult Jews required for a communal religious service.

mirabelle plum mirabelle plums n
mirabelle
The sweet, edible drupaceous fruit of the mirabelle prune tree, a cultivar of the plum tree of the subspecies Prunus domestica subsp. syriaca, often used in pies, wines, and brandy

miracle /ˈmiɹəkəl/ /ˈmɪɹəkəl/ miracles n
miracle
An event that appears inexplicable by the laws of nature and so is held to be supernatural in origin.
A fortunate outcome that prevails despite overwhelming odds against it.
An awesome and exceptional example of something

miracle berry miracle berries n
fruit miraculeux
Synsepalum dulcificum, which contain miraculin;

miraculous /məˈɹæk.jə.ləs/ /mɪˈɹæk.jə.ləs/ /mɪˈɹæk.jʊ.ləs/ more miraculous most miraculous adj
miraculeux
By supernatural or uncommon causes, e.g. by a god; that cannot be explained in terms of normal events.

miraculously /məˈɹækjələsli/ /məˈɹækləsli/ more miraculously most miraculously adv
miraculeusement
In a miraculous manner.

mirage /mɪˈɹɑːd͡ʒ/ /mɪˈɹɑːʒ/ mirages n
mirage
An optical phenomenon in which light is refracted through a layer of hot air close to the ground, often giving the illusion of a body of water.

mirativity n
mirativité
(grammar, of a mood) The quality of being mirative, that is, of expressing (surprise at) an unexpected revelation or new information.

mire /ˈmaɪə/ /ˈmaɪɚ/ /ˈmaɪɹ/ mires n
bourbier fange
Deep mud; moist, spongy earth.

mire /ˈmaɪə/ /ˈmaɪɚ/ /ˈmaɪɹ/ v
embourber enliser
(intransitive) To sink into mud.

mirepoix /mɪə(ɹ)ˈpwɑː/ /mɪəɹəˈpwɑː/ mirepoix mirepoixs n
mirepoix
A combination of diced onions, carrots, celery and herbs sautéed in oil or butter as used in French cooking.

mirror /ˈmiɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmə.ɹa/ /ˈmɪ.ɹə/ /ˈmɪɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪɹ/ mirrors n
miroir glace copie
A smooth surface, usually made of glass with reflective material painted on the underside, that reflects light so as to give an image of what is in front of it.

mirror /ˈmiɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmə.ɹa/ /ˈmɪ.ɹə/ /ˈmɪɹ.ɚ/ /ˈmɪɹ/ v
refléter
(transitive) To reflect, as in a mirror.

mirth /mɜɹθ/ /mɜːθ/ [mɝθ] mirths n
gaieté
That which causes merriment.

mis- prefix
mé- més-
bad or wrong; badly or wrongly

misadventure misadventures n
mésaventure

misalignment misalignments n
mauvais alignement
the state, or an instance, of being misaligned

misally v
mésallier
(now, dated, or, historical) To marry badly; to marry an inferior

misandric more misandric most misandric adj
misandre
Exhibiting or pertaining to misandry: hating or prejudiced against men.

misandrist misandrists n
misandre
One who professes misandry; a hater of men.

misandry /mɪˈsændɹi/ misandries n
misandrie
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against men.

misanthrope /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪs.ənˌθɹəʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹoʊp/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌθɹəʊp/ misanthropes n
misanthrope
One who has a negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropic /-zən-/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɑpɪk/ /ˌmɪsənˈθɹɒpɪk/ more misanthropic most misanthropic adj
misanthropique
Having a negative view of mankind. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misanthropy misanthropies n
misanthropie
A negative view of the entire human race. This may express itself as, e.g., distrust, dislike, hate, or contempt.

misappropriation misappropriations n
détournement de fonds
The wrongful, fraudulent or corrupt use of other's funds in one's care.

misbaha misbahas n
misbaha
A set of Islamic prayer beads.

misbegotten /ˌmɪsbɪˈɡɑtn̩/ /ˌmɪsbɪˈɡɒtn̩/ misbegotten n
misérables
(loosely, in the plural) A person born into infelicitous circumstances.

misbehave v
mal se conduire
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To act or behave in an inappropriate, improper, incorrect, or unexpected manner.

misbehaver /mɪsbəˈheɪvə(ɹ)/ misbehavers n
fauteur de troubles
One who misbehaves.

misbehavior /ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvjə/ /ˌmɪsbəˈheɪvjɚ/ misbehaviors n
inconduite
(American spelling) Action or conduct that is inappropriate, improper, incorrect, or unexpected.

miscarriage /ˈmɪs.kæɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪs.kɛɹ.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɪskaɹɪd͡ʒ/ miscarriages n
fausse couche
(medicine) The spontaneous natural termination of a pregnancy, especially before it is viable; the fatal expulsion of a foetus from the womb before term. [from 17th c.]

miscarriage of justice miscarriages of justice n
erreur judiciaire
(law) An error at a trial which led to an unjust outcome, such as the conviction of a person for a crime they did not commit.

miscarry /ˌmɪsˈkæɹi/ v
avorter
To have a miscarriage; to involuntarily abort a foetus. [from 16th c.]

miscegenation /mɪˌsɛd͡ʒ.əˈneɪ.ʃən/ miscegenations n
métissage
(chiefly, US, see usage notes) The mixing or blending of race in marriage or breeding, interracial marriage. [from 1863]

miscellaneous /ˌmɪsəˈleɪnɪəs/ more miscellaneous most miscellaneous adj
divers
Consisting of a variety of ingredients or parts.
varié
Having diverse characteristics, abilities or appearances.

miscellany /mɪˈsɛl.ə.ni/ /ˈmɪ.səl.ə.ni/ /ˈmɪs.əˌleɪ.ni/ miscellanies n
collection miscellanée mélange
(countable) An assortment of miscellaneous items.
miscellanées varia
(countable) A collection of writings on various subjects or topics; an anthology.

mischief /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃɪf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃiːf/ /ˈmɪʃ.t͡ʃɪf/ mischiefs n
bêtise espièglerie
(uncountable) Conduct that playfully causes petty annoyance.
espièglerie polissonnerie
(uncountable) Harm or trouble caused by an agent or brought about by a particular cause.
méfait
(legal) A criminal offence defined in various ways in various jurisdictions, sometimes including causing damage to another's property.
espiègle
(archaic, countable) A cause or agent of annoyance, harm or injury, especially a person who causes mischief.

mischievous /mɪs.ˈt͡ʃiː.vi.əs/ /mɪs.ˈt͡ʃiː.vəs/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃə.vəs/ /ˈmɪs.t͡ʃɪ.vəs/ more mischievous most mischievous adj
méchant coquin espiègle malicieux malin
Causing mischief; injurious.
Troublesome, cheeky, badly behaved.

mischievously more mischievously most mischievously adv
malicieusement
In a mischievous manner.

miscommunication miscommunications n
mécommunication
An interaction between two parties in which information is/was not communicated as desired.

misconception /ˌmɪskənˈsɛp.ʃən/ misconceptions n
idée erronée
a mistaken belief, a wrong idea

miscreant /ˈmɪs.kɹi.ənt/ more miscreant most miscreant adj
mécréant
(theology) Holding an incorrect religious belief.

miscreant /ˈmɪs.kɹi.ənt/ miscreants n
mécréant mécréante parpaillot
(theology) One who holds a false religious belief; a misbeliever.

misdeed /mɪsˈdiːd/ misdeeds n
méfait
That which was done that should not have been, ranging from any sin or moral offense to various degrees of crime.

misdemeanor /ˌmɪsdɪˈmiːnə(ɹ)/ misdemeanors n
délit forfait
(legal, historical, _, in, _, UK) A crime usually punishable upon conviction by a small fine or by a short term of imprisonment. In the USA, misdemeanants usually are incarcerated in county jail for less than one year, but felons usually are incarcerated in state or federal prison for more than one year. Crimes which are punishable by large fines or by longer imprisonment are sometimes called felonies.

mise en abyme mise en abymes mises en abyme n
mise en abyme

mise en scène /ˌmizɑ̃ˈsɛn/ mise en scènes mises en scène n
mise en scène
Physical environment; surroundings.
(film, theatre) The arrangement of props and actors on a stage or for film.

miser /ˈmaɪzə(ɹ)/ misers n
avare pingre grigou radin rat grippe-sou
(pejorative) A person who hoards money rather than spending it; one who is cheap or extremely parsimonious.

miserabilist /ˈmɪzəɹəbəlɪst/ miserabilists n
misérabiliste
One who is unhappy, or extols being miserable as a virtue; a philosopher of pessimism.

miserable /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹəbəl/ more miserable most miserable adj
misérable
In a state of misery: very sad, ill, or poor.
Very bad (at something); unskilled, incompetent; hopeless.

miserably more miserably most miserably adv
minablement misérablement
In a miserable manner.

misericord misericords n
miséricorde
A ledge, sometimes ornately carved, attached to a folding church seat to provide support for a person standing for long periods; a subsellium.
A medieval dagger, used for the mercy stroke to a wounded foe.

miserliness miserlinesses n
avarice
The property of being miserly.

miserly /ˈmaɪ.zə(ɹ).li/ more miserly most miserly adj
avare chiche pingre radin
Like a miser, very cautious with money.

misery /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹi/ /ˈmɪz(ə)ɹɪ/ miseries n
misère
Great unhappiness; extreme pain of body or mind; wretchedness; distress; woe.

misfire /mɪsˈfaɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ(ɹ)/ /ˈmɪs.faɪ.ɚ/ v
s'enrayer
(firearm) To fail to discharge properly.
caler
(of an engine) To fail to ignite in the proper sequence.

misfit /mɪsˈfɪt/ /ˈmɪs.fɪt/ misfits n
inadapté
A badly adjusted person; someone unsuitable or set apart because of their habits, behaviour etc.

misfortune /mɪsˈfɔɹt͡ʃən/ /mɪsˈfɔːtʃuːn/ misfortunes n
malchance
(uncountable) Bad luck.
malheur mésaventure
(countable) An undesirable event such as an accident.

misgender /mɪsˈd͡ʒɛndə/ /mɪsˈd͡ʒɛndɚ/ v
mégenrer
(transitive) To refer to (someone) using terms that express the wrong sex or gender, either unknowingly or intentionally; for example, calling a woman "son" or a boy "she".

misgendering misgenderings n
mégenrage
The act of referring to somebody by the wrong gender.

misgiving /mɪsˈɡɪvɪŋ/ misgivings n
état d'âme
doubt, apprehension, a feeling of dread

misguided /mɪsˈɡaɪdɪd/ more misguided most misguided adj
errant
lacking proper guidance

mishap /ˈmɪshæp/ mishaps n
accident erreur
An accident, mistake, or problem.

mishegoss /ˌmɪʃəˈɡɒs/ n
folie frénésie
(slang) Madness; silliness.

mishmash /ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ/ mishmashes n
mélimélo méli-mélo
A collection containing a variety of miscellaneous things.

misinform v
mésinformer désinformer induire en erreur
(transitive) To give or deliver false, fake, or misleading information.

misinterpret v
mésinterpréter
To make an incorrect interpretation; to misunderstand.

misinterpretation misinterpretations n
contresens
An instance of misinterpreting.

mislead /mɪsˈliːd/ v
induire en erreur mésinformer
égarer
(literally) To lead astray, in a false direction.

misleading /mɪsˈliːdɪŋ/ more misleading most misleading adj
trompeur
Deceptive or tending to mislead or create a false impression, even if technically true.

misnomer /mɪsˈnoʊmɚ/ /mɪsˈnəʊmə/ misnomers n
terme mal approprié

miso /ˈmisoʊ/ /ˈmiːsəʊ/ misos n
miso
A thick paste made by fermentation of soybeans with the mold Aspergillus oryzae, used in making soups and sauces.

misogynist /mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ /mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ən.ɪst/ misogynists n
misogyne
One who professes misogyny; a hater of women.

misogynistic /ˈmɪs.ɒdʒ.ən.ɪst.ɪk/ more misogynistic most misogynistic adj
misogyne
Of, relating to, or exhibiting misogyny.

misogynoir /məˌsɑd͡ʒəˈnwɑɹ/ /mɪˌsɒd͡ʒəˈnwɑː/ n
misogynoir mysoginoire
(neologism) Contempt for, hatred of, or prejudice against black women. [from 2010]

misogyny /mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ /mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ misogynies n
misogynie
Hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women.

misology n
misologie
Hatred or fear of reasoning or argument.

misoneism /ˌmaɪsəˈniː.ɪzəm/ /ˌmɪsəˈniː.ɪzəm/ misoneisms n
misonéisme
The distrust or hatred of new ideas or things.

misoneist /ˌmaɪsəˈniː.ɪst/ /ˌmɪsəˈniː.ɪst/ misoneists n
misonéiste
One who hates or dislikes what is new or innovative.

misoprostol /mʌɪ.sə(ʊ)ˈpɹɒs.tɒl/ /ˌmaɪ.soʊˈpɹɑˌstɔl/ n
misoprostol
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug used for various purposes including the prevention of drug-induced gastric ulcers and the inducement of abortions, having the chemical formula C22H38O5.

mispick mispicks n
crapaud
(textiles) A defect in woven fabric in which a yarn across the warp is in the wrong place.

misplace /mɪsˈpleɪs/ v
égarer
(transitive) To put something somewhere and then forget its location; to mislay.

misprision /ˌmɪsˈpɹɪʒ(ə)n/ /ˌmɪsˈpɹɪʒn̩/ misprisions n
méprise
(uncountable) In full misprision of felony or misprision of treason: originally, a less serious form of felony or treason; later, the crime of (intentionally) failing to give information about a felony or treason that one knows about; (countable) an instance of this.

mispronounce v
mal prononcer écorcher
(transitive) To pronounce (a word, phrase, etc.) incorrectly.

mispronunciation /mɪspɹəˌnaʊn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /mɪspɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ mispronunciations n
mauvaise prononciation
(uncountable) The act of mispronouncing.
de faute prononciation
(countable) A mispronounced word or phrase.

misrepresent /ˌmɪsˌɹɛpɹəˈzɛnt/ v
détorquer
To represent falsely; to inaccurately portray something.

miss /mɪs/ misses n
raté
A failure to hit.
mademoiselle madame
An unmarried woman; a girl.

miss /mɪs/ v
rater manquer
(ambitransitive) To fail to hit.
(transitive) To be wanting; to lack something that should be present.
manquer languir regretter
(transitive) To become aware of the loss or absence of; to feel the want or need of, sometimes with regret.
ne comprendre pas
(transitive) To fail to understand;
manquer rater louper négliger ne comprendre pas
(transitive) To fail to notice; to have a shortcoming of perception; overlook.
manquer rater
(transitive) To fail to attend.

miss out v
laisser passer louper manquer perdre
To miss an experience or lose an opportunity, etc. that should not be missed.

miss the boat v
manquer le coche rater le coche
(intransitive) To fail to take advantage of an opportunity; to overlook or be too late to pursue an option or course of action.

miss the point v
ne pas comprendre être à côté de la plaque
To fail to grasp the meaning of an utterance or situation.

missal missals n
missel
(Catholicism) A book containing the prayers and responses needed when celebrating the Roman Catholic Mass throughout the year.

missed call missed calls n
appel en absence
(telephoning) A telephone call which the responder does not answer.

missile /ˈmɪs.aɪl/ /ˈmɪs.əl/ missiles n
projectile missile
Any object used as a weapon by being thrown or fired through the air, such as stone, arrow or bullet. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
missile
(military) A self-propelled projectile whose trajectory can be adjusted after it is launched. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

missile silo missile silos n
silo de missile
An underground vertical cylindrical container for the storage and launching of ICBMs.

missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj
disparu manquant
Not able to be located; gone, misplaced.

missing in action /ˈmɪsɪŋ ɪn ˈækʃən/ adj
disparu au combat porté disparu
(chiefly, military) The designation for a member of an organization (usually military) with whom contact is lost and whose whereabouts are not known, but whose death is not confirmed.

missing link missing links n
chaînon manquant
(colloquial) A hypothetical primate once thought necessary to explain a perceived evolutionary gap between apes and humans.
(figuratively) Any sought-after or valuable intermediary figure or position.

missing person missing people missing persons n
disparu personne disparue
A person whose whereabouts are unknown and who is being sought.

missiology missiologies n
missiologie
The area of practical theology which studies the mandate, message and work of the Christian missionary.

mission /ˈmɪʃən/ [ˈmɪʃn̩] missions n
mission
(countable) A set of tasks that fulfills a purpose or duty; an assignment set by an employer, or by oneself.
(uncountable) Religious evangelism.

mission accomplished phraseologicalUnit
mission accomplie
(colloquial) Used to express that a task, or set of tasks, has been completed.

mission impossible mission impossibles missions impossible n
mission impossible
An extremely difficult, if not impossible, task.

missionary /ˈmɪ.ʃən.(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈmɪʃ.əˌnɛɹ.ɪ/ missionaries n
missionnaire
(religion) A person who travels attempting to spread a religion or creed (Particularly used in context of Christianity).

missionary position missionary positions n
position du missionnaire
A position for sexual intercourse in which the man and woman face each other, with the man on top.

missive /ˈmɪsɪv/ missives n
missive
(formal) A written message; a letter, note or memo.

misspell /mɪsˈspɛl/ v
mal orthographier mal écrire
To spell incorrectly.

misspelling misspellings n
faute d'orthographe
(countable) A misspelt word.

misstep /mɪsˈstɛp/ /ˈmɪs.stɛp/ missteps n
faux pas
A step that is wrong, a false step.
faux pas bourde
(figurative) An error or mistake.

misstep /mɪsˈstɛp/ /ˈmɪs.stɛp/ v
s'emmêler les pinceaux trébucher
(intransitive) To step badly or incorrectly.
gaffer
(intransitive) To make an error or mistake.

mist /mɪst/ mists n
brume brouillard
(countable, uncountable) Water or other liquid finely suspended in air. (Compare fog, haze.)
buée
(countable) A layer of fine droplets or particles.

mist /mɪst/ v
brumer
To form mist.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ mistakes n
erreur faute
An error; a blunder.

mistake /mɪˈsteɪk/ v
se tromper
méprendre confondre faire erreur
(transitive) To understand wrongly, taking one thing or person for another.

mistakenly /mɪˈsteɪ.kən.li/ adv
à tort
wrongly, erroneously
par erreur sans faire exprès à tort
by accident, by mistake, in error (without intention to do so)

mistelle /mɪˈstɛl/ mistelles n
mistelle
A drink produced by adding alcohol to grape juice.

mister /ˈmɪstəɹ/ [ˈmɪstə(ɹ)] [ˈmɪstɚ] misters n
monsieur
A title conferred on an adult male, usually when the name is unknown. Also used as a term of address, often by a parent to a young child.

mistle thrush mistle thrushes n
draine drenne
A large Eurasian thrush, Turdus viscivorus.

mistletoe /ˈmɪs(ə)ltəʊ/ /ˈmɪsəlˌtoʊ/ mistletoes n
gui
(countable, uncountable) Any of numerous hemiparasitic evergreen plants of the order Santalales with white berries that grow in the crowns of apple trees, oaks, and other trees, such as the European mistletoe (Viscum album) and American mistletoe or eastern mistletoe (Phoradendron leucarpum).

mistral /mɪˈstɹɑːl/ mistrals n
mistral
A strong cold north-west wind in southern France and the Mediterranean.

mistranslation /mɪsˈtɹænz.leɪ.ʃən/ /mɪsˈtʃɹæːnz.læɪ̯.ʃən/ mistranslations n
métraduction
An incorrect translation.

mistreat v
maltraiter
(transitive) To treat someone, or something roughly or badly.

mistress /ˈmɪstɹɪs/ mistresses n
maîtresse
A woman, specifically one with great control, authority or ownership
A female teacher
maîtresse amante
The other woman in an extramarital relationship, generally including sexual relations

mistrial mistrials n
avortement de procès nullité de procès procès avorté procès nul
(legal) A trial that has been declared invalid because of an error in procedure, or because of hung jury.

mistrust /mɪsˈtɹʌst/ mistrusts n
défiance
Lack of trust or confidence; distrust, untrust.

mists of time n
nuit des temps

misty /ˈmɪsti/ mistier mistiest adj
brumeux
Covered in mist; foggy.

misunderstand /mɪs.ʌn.də(ɹ)ˈstænd/ v
méprendre mal interpréter mécomprendre
(transitive) To understand incorrectly, while believing one has understood correctly.

misunderstanding /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌmɪsʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/ misunderstandings n
malentendu quiproquo
A mistake as to the meaning of something or a specific point of view; erroneous interpretation or comprehension; misconception.

misuse /mɪsˈjuːs/ misuses n
mésusage
An incorrect, improper or unlawful use of something.

mitch /mɪt͡ʃ/ v
sécher

mite /maɪt/ mites n
acarien mite
Any of many minute arachnids which, along with the ticks, comprise subclass Acarina (aka Acari).

mithridate /ˈmɪθrəˌdeɪt/ /ˈmɪθrɪdeɪt/ mithridates n
mithridate
(historical, _, medicine) Any of various historical medicines—typically an electuary compounded with various poisons—believed to derive from Mithridates VI and to serve as a universal antidote.

mithridatism n
mithridatisation mithridatisme
The practice of gradually ingesting successively greater amounts of a poison in order to build immunity. [1851]

mitigate /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
mitiger atténuer réduire
(transitive, of problems or flaws) To reduce, lessen, or decrease and thereby to make less severe or easier to bear.

mitigation /mɪtɪˈɡeɪʃən/ mitigations n
soulagement
A reduction or decrease of something harmful or unpleasant.

mitochondrial /ˌmaɪ.təˈkɑːn.dɹi.əl/ /ˌmaɪ.təˈkɒn.dɹi.əl/ adj
mitochondrial
(cytology) Of, or relating to mitochondria.

mitochondrion mitochondria mitochondrions n
mitochondrie
(cytology) A spherical or ovoid organelle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and containing genetic material separate from that of the host; it is responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy in the form of ATP.

mitosis /maɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /maɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ mitoses n
mitose
(cytology) The division of a cell nucleus in which the genome is copied and separated into two identical halves. It is normally followed by cell division.

mitosome /ˈmaɪtəˌsoʊm/ mitosomes n
mitosome
(cytology) An organelle found within certain unicellular eukaryotes which lack mitochondria.

mitotic spindle mitotic spindles n
fuseau mitotique
A structure of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton involved in mitosis and meiosis.

mitral /ˈmaɪtɹəl/ adj
mitral
(anatomy, medicine) Pertaining to the mitral valve.

mitral valve mitral valves n
valve mitrale valve bicuspide
(anatomy) The valve that divides the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart.

mitre /ˈmaɪtəɹ/ mitres n
mitre
A covering for the head, worn on solemn occasions by church dignitaries, which has been made in many forms, mostly recently a tall cap with two points or peaks.

mitre box mitre boxes n
boîte à onglets
A wood working appliance used to guide a handsaw or backsaw for making precise cuts, usually 45° and 90° mitre cuts. The mitre boxes are made of wood or plastic.

mitre saw mitre saws n
scie à onglet
A power saw that is a bench circular saw that is used to make accurate crosscuts and miters in a workpiece by positioning a mounted blade onto a board, that can be positioned at a variety of angles.

mitten /ˈmɪtn̩/ /ˈmɪʔn̩/ mittens n
moufle mitaine
A type of glove or garment that covers a hand with a separate sheath for the thumb, but not for other fingers, which are either enclosed in a single section or left uncovered.

mitzvah mitzvahs mitzvoth n
mitzvah
(Judaism) Any of the 613 commandments of Jewish law.
(Judaism) An act of kindness, a good deed.

mix /ˈmɪks/ mixes n
mélange
The result of mixing two or more substances; a mixture.

mix /ˈmɪks/ v
mélanger mêler
(transitive) To combine (items from two or more sources normally kept separate).
mixer
(transitive, music) To combine (several tracks).

mix apples and oranges v
mélanger les torchons et les serviettes
(idiomatic) To mix or confuse two totally different things.

mix business with pleasure v
joindre l'utile à l'agréable
To do something pleasurable that is related to one's work.

mixed /mɪkst/ more mixed most mixed adj
mixte mélangé mêlé
Having two or more separate aspects.

mixed bag mixed bags n
assortiment mélange
(by extension) A group of entities with few characteristics in common.
il y a du bon et du moins bon il y a à boire et à manger
(idiomatic) Something tending to have both good and bad results or characteristics; something having a mixture of advantages and disadvantages.

mixed doubles n
double mixte
(sports) A game played between two teams, each consisting of a female and a male.

mixed economy mixed economies n
économie mixte
A market economy with governmental provision of public goods, often with strong regulatory oversight, other forms of economic interventionism and some level of economic planning.

mixed marriage mixed marriages n
mariage mixte
Marriage between people of different socially-distinguished groups, such as different races, cultures or religions.

mixed martial arts n
combat libre
(sports, martial arts) A style of combat sport allowing a wide range of combat techniques such as striking and grappling.

mixed metaphor mixed metaphors n
métaphore mixte

mixed nuts n
noix mélangées

mixed reaction mixed reactions n
reception diverse réactions assorties réactions diverses
The state of diverse reception, when there are many who praise something while there are also many who dislike it.

mixed-race adj
métis métissé
(of a person) Having genetic characteristics of two or more different races, especially having one white parent and one black parent.

mixer /ˈmɪksə(ɹ)/ mixers n
mixeur batte-beurre
One who, or a device that, mixes or merges things together.
A machine outfitted with (typically blunt) blades with which it mixes or beats ingredients in a bowl below.

mixer tap mixer taps n
mitigeur mélangeur

mixing bowl mixing bowls n
cul-de-poule saladier
(cookware) A large bowl in which ingredients are mixed for the purpose of preparing food.

mixing console mixing consoles n
table de mixage console de mixage
(sound engineering) An electronic device to combine and route audio signals from many sources to various destinations.

mixologist mixologists n
mixologue
(jocular) A person who creates cocktails; a bartender. [from 1856]

mixture /ˈmɪkstʃə/ /ˈmɪkst͡ʃɚ/ mixtures n
mélange
The act of mixing.
mélange mixture
Something produced by mixing.

mizzen /ˈmɪ.zən/ mizzens n
artimon
(nautical) A fore-and-aft sail set on a mizzenmast.

mizzenmast /ˈmɪz.ənˌmæst/ /ˈmɪz.ənˌmɑːst/ mizzenmasts n
mât d'artimon artimon
(nautical) The aftmost mast on a ship having three masts; the third-tallest mast on a full-rigged ship.

mnemonic /ni-/ /nə-/ /nəˈmɑnɪk/ /nɪˈmɒnɪk/ adj
mnémonique mnémotechnique
Of or relating to mnemonics.

mnemonic /ni-/ /nə-/ /nəˈmɑnɪk/ /nɪˈmɒnɪk/ mnemonics n
mnémotechnique moyen mnémotechnique mnémonique mnémotechnie
Something (especially a series of ideas, letters, words, etc.) used to help in remembering a thing; a memory aid.

mnemonics /nəˈmɑn.ɪks/ /nəˈmɒn.ɪks/ n
mnémotechnique
(plurale tantum) The study of techniques for remembering anything more easily.

mnemotechnic /ˌniːməˈtɛknɪk/ adj
mnémotechnique
Of or pertaining to mnemotechny.

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ moans n
gémissement
a low, mournful cry of pain, sorrow or pleasure

moan /moʊn/ /məʊn/ v
geindre se plaindre
(transitive, now, _, rare) To complain about; to bemoan, to bewail; to mourn. [from 13th c.]
gémir mugir
(intransitive) To make a moan or similar sound. [from 18th c.]

moat /moʊt/ /məʊt/ moats n
douve fossé
A deep, wide defensive ditch, normally filled with water, surrounding a fortified habitation.

mob /mɑb/ /mɒb/ mobs n
foule troupeau cohue
(Australian Aboriginal) A group of Aboriginal people associated with an extended family group, clan group or wider community group, from a particular place or country.

mob cap /ˈmɒb kap/ mob caps n
charlotte
(chiefly, historical) A plain cap or headdress for women or girls, especially one tied under the chin by a very broad band, and having a puffy crown and frills.
(modern-day use) A disposable head covering with an elasticated band, worn for cleanliness in industrial settings.

mob rule mob rules n
ochlocratie voyoucratie
Government by violent gangs, or by the masses.

mobile /ˈmoʊbaɪl/ /ˈmoʊbil/ /ˈmoʊbəl/ /ˈməʊ.baɪl/ /ˈməʊbaɪl/ more mobile most mobile adj
mobile
(biology) Capable of being moved, aroused, or excited; capable of spontaneous movement.

mobile /ˈmoʊbaɪl/ /ˈmoʊbil/ /ˈmoʊbəl/ /ˈməʊ.baɪl/ /ˈməʊbaɪl/ mobiles n
mobile
(arts) A kinetic sculpture or decorative arrangement made of items hanging so that they can move independently from each other.

mobile data n
données cellulaires données mobiles
(mobile telephony) Internet data transfer over a cellular telephone network rather than Wi-Fi.

mobile device mobile devices n
appareil mobile
An item of hand-held electronic equipment, especially a smartphone or tablet computer.

mobile home mobile homes n
maison mobile
A prefabricated home built in a factory, rather than on site, and then taken to the place where it will be occupied.

mobile phone mobile phones n
téléphone mobile portable mobile cellulaire GSM téléphone cellulaire
A portable telephone that connects with the telephone network over radio wave transmission.

mobile station mobile stations n
station mobile
(telecommunications) All the user equipment (mobile phone, SIM card etc) and software needed for communication with a GSM network.

mobilise v
mobiliser
(transitive) To assemble troops and their equipment in a coordinated fashion so as to be ready for war.

mobility /moʊˈbɪlɪti/ /mə(ʊ)ˈbɪlɪti/ mobilities n
mobilité
The ability to move; capacity for movement. [from 15th c.]
(military) The ability of a military unit to move or be transported to a new position. [from 18th c.]

mobility kill mobility kills n
destruction mobilité
(military, slang) The damage inflicted by a weapon on a vehicle that immobilises it, but does not totally destroy it, leaving the vehicle's crew able to use its weapons. Typically this term is used to refer to tanks and other armoured fighting vehicles that have their engines, tracks, or running gear damaged.

mobilization mobilizations n
mobilisation
The marshalling and organizing of troops and national resources in preparation for war, bringing them to a state of readiness for an action.

mobilized more mobilized most mobilized adj
mobilisé
Subject to mobilization

mobocracy /mɒbˈɒkɹəsi/ mobocracies n
ochlocratie
Rule or control by the mob (or by the mass of ordinary people); a mob as a politically powerful force.

moccasin /ˈmɑkəsɪn/ /ˈmɒkəsɪn/ moccasins n
mocassin
A traditional Native North American shoe, usually without a heel or sole, made of a piece of deerskin or other soft leather turned up at the edges which are either stitched together at the top of the shoe, or sewn to a vamp (a piece covering the top of the foot). [from early 17th c.]
A modern shoe with either a low or no heel resembling a traditional Native American moccasin in that the leather forming the sides of the shoe is stitched at the top.

mocha /ˈmoʊkə/ /ˈmɒkə/ mochas n
moka
(countable) A coffee drink with chocolate syrup added, or a serving thereof.

mochi /ˈmoʊtʃi/ /ˈmɒtʃi/ mochi mochis n
mochi
A small Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice.

mock /mɑk/ /mɒk/ /mɔk/ mocks n
imitation succédané
An imitation, usually of lesser quality.
moquerie
Mockery; the act of mocking.
examen blanc
A practice exam set by an educating institution to prepare students for an important exam.

mock /mɑk/ /mɒk/ /mɔk/ v
imiter
To mimic, to simulate.
moquer
To make fun of, especially by mimicking; to taunt.

mock examination mock examinations n
examen blanc

mock object mock objects n
mock

mock-up /ˈmɑk.ʌp/ /ˈmɒk.ʌp/ mock-ups n
maquette modèle
A scale or full-size model of a design or device which is not fully functional, used for teaching, demonstration, design evaluation, promotion, and other purposes.

mocker mockers n
moqueur
A person who mocks.

mockingbird /ˈmɑkɪŋˌbɝd/ /ˈmɒkɪŋbɜːd/ mockingbirds n
moqueur
A long-tailed American songbird of the Mimidae family, noted for its ability to mimic calls of other birds.

mocktail mocktails n
mocktail
A non-alcoholic cocktail.

mockumentary mockumentaries n
documenteur faux documentaire mockumentaire
(film genre) A film or television programme presented as if it were a documentary but that is not factual and often a parody or satire.

modal /ˈmoʊd.əl/ /ˈməʊd.əl/ more modal most modal adj
modal
(grammar) Of, relating to, or describing the mood of a clause.

modal particle modal particles n
particule modale
(linguistics) a word class that indicates the mood of an utterance

modal verb modal verbs n
modal verbe modal

modality modalities n
modalité
The fact of being modal.

modchip modchips n
modchip

mode /mod/ /moʊd/ /məʊd/ modes n
mode
Style or fashion; popular trend.
façon manière mode
A particular means of accomplishing something.
mode
(computing) One of various related sets of rules for processing data; more generally, any state of the system associated with certain behaviours.

mode of transport modes of transport n
moyen de transport mode de transport
Any form of vehicle or system used to transport people or goods.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] adj
exemplaire modèle
Worthy of being a model; exemplary.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] models n
modèle mannequin
A person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.
maquette modèle réduit
A representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.
modèle maquette
A simplified representation used to explain the workings of a real world system or event.
modèle
A style, type, or design.
The structural design of a complex system.
modèle exemple
A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.

model /ˈmɑdl̩/ /ˈmɒdl̩/ [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ] v
modéliser
(transitive) to use as an object in the creation of a forecast or model
(transitive) to make a miniature model of
(intransitive) to make a model or models
modeler
(transitive) to create from a substance such as clay

model aircraft model aircraft n
aéromodèle
An aircraft made to a smaller scale, either as a static (non-flying) model, or built to fly with the aid of an engine or electric motor, and controlled by radio from the ground. (This entry is a translation hub.)

modelbuilding n
modélisme
The activity of making models, miniature representations of things.

modeling modelings n
modelage
The art of sculpting models from clay etc. to create a representation of something.
mannequinat
The profession of someone who models clothes.
modélisation
(mathematics) The construction and use of a computer model of a physical system.

modeling clay modeling clays n
pâte à modeler
A malleable substance used in building models and sculpting.

modelization modelizations n
modélisation
The act, process or result of modelizing.

modem /ˈmoʊdəm/ /ˈmoʊdɛm/ /ˈməʊdəm/ /ˈməʊdɛm/ modems n
modem
(computing) A device that encodes digital computer signals into analog/analogue telephone signals and vice versa, allowing computers to communicate over a phone line.

moderantism n
modérantisme

moderate /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɑdəɹət/ /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɒdəɹət/ more moderate most moderate adj
modéré
Not excessive; acting in moderation
Mediocre
(US, politics) Having an intermediate position between liberal and conservative.

moderate /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɑdəɹət/ /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɒdəɹət/ moderates n
modéré
One who holds an intermediate position between extremes, as in politics.

moderate /ˈmɑdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɑdəɹət/ /ˈmɒdəɹeɪt/ /ˈmɒdəɹət/ v
modèrer modérer
(transitive) To reduce the excessiveness of (something)
modérer
(intransitive) To become less excessive
(transitive) To preside over (something) as a moderator
(intransitive) To act as a moderator; to assist in bringing to compromise

moderation /ˌmɑdəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌmɒdəˈɹeɪʃən/ moderations n
modération
The state or quality of being moderate; avoidance of extremes
An instance of moderating: bringing something away from extremes, especially in a beneficial way

moderator /ˈmɒdəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ moderators n
modérateur modératrice
(Internet) A person who enforces the rules of a discussion forum by deleting posts, banning users, etc.
Someone who moderates.

modern /ˈmɑdɚn/ /ˈmɒd(ə)n/ moderner modernest more modern most modern adj
moderne
Pertaining to a current or recent time and style; not ancient.
(history) Pertaining to the modern period (c.1800 to contemporary times), particularly in academic historiography.

modern art n
art moderne
(arts) Any of very many genres of art from the late 19th to the mid 20th centuries, especially those forms that move away from a traditional narrative towards experimentation and conceptual art.

modern history n
temps modernes ère moderne époque contemporaine époque moderne
The history of the world beginning after the Middle Ages.

modern pentathlon modern pentathlons n
pentathlon moderne
An athletics event where athletes compete in épée fencing, shooting, freestyle swimming, show jumping and cross country.

modern-day adj
des temps modernes
(informal) Used to designate a present-day version of someone or something in history.

modernism modernisms n
modernisme
Any of several styles of art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that flourished in the 20th century.

modernist adj
moderniste
Of, or relating to modernism.

modernist modernists n
moderniste
A follower or proponent of modernism.

modernity /məˈdɜːn.ɪ.ti/ /məˈdɝn.ɪ.ti/ modernities n
modernisme modernité

modernization /ˌmɑdɚnaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɑdɚnɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɒdənaɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ /ˌmɒdənɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ [ˌmɑɾɚ-] modernizations n
modernisation
The process of modernizing.

modernize /ˈmɑdɚnaɪz/ /ˈmɒdənaɪz/ v
moderniser
(transitive) To make (something old or outdated) up to date, or modern in style or function by adding or changing equipment, designs, etc.

modernly more modernly most modernly adv
modernement
In a modern manner or style.

modest /ˈmɑdəst/ modester modestest more modest most modest adj
modeste
Not bragging or boasting about oneself or one's achievements; unpretentious, humble.
Small, moderate in size.

modestly more modestly most modestly adv
modestement
In a modest manner; with humility.

modesty /ˈmɒd.ə.sti/ modesties n
modestie
The quality of being modest; having a limited and not overly high opinion of oneself and one's abilities.
pudeur
(specifically) Pudency, avoidance of sexual explicitness.

modicum /-də-/ /ˈmɑdɪkəm/ /ˈmɒdɪkəm/ modica modicums n
minimum modicum montant modique
A modest, small, or trifling amount.

modification /ˌmɑdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌmɒdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ modifications n
modification
The act of making a change to something while keeping its essential character intact; an alteration or adjustment. [from 18th c.]

modified /ˈmɑdɪfaɪd/ /ˈmɒdɪfaɪd/ adj
modifié
changed; altered

modifier /ˈmɑdɪfaɪɚ/ /ˈmɒdɪfaɪə/ modifiers n
modificateur
One who, or that which, modifies.
(grammar) A word, phrase, or clause that limits or qualifies the sense of another word or phrase.

modify /ˈmɑdɪfaɪ/ /ˈmɒdɪfaɪ/ v
modifier
(transitive) To change part of.
(transitive) To set bounds to; to moderate.
(grammar, transitive) To qualify the meaning of.

modius modii n
muid

modular /ˈmɒdjʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
modulaire
(chiefly, mathematics) Of or relating to a module or modules.

modularity modularities n
modularité
The property of being modular.

modularize v
modulariser

modulate /ˈmɑ.dju.ˌleɪt/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ˌleɪt/ v
moduler
(transitive) To regulate, adjust or adapt
(transitive) To change the pitch, intensity or tone of one's voice or of a musical instrument
(transitive, electronics) to vary the amplitude, frequency or phase of a carrier wave in proportion to the amplitude etc of a source wave (such as speech or music)
(intransitive, music) to move from one key or tonality to another, especially by using a chord progression

modulation /ˈmɑ.dju.ˌleɪ.ʃən/ /ˈmɑː.d͡ʒə.ˌleɪ.ʃən/ modulations n
modulation
(physics) The process of applying a signal to a carrier.

modulator modulators n
modulateur
A device or thing that modulates.

module /ˈmɑd͡ʒul/ /ˈmɒdjuːl/ modules n
module
A self-contained component of a system, often interchangeable, which has a well-defined interface to the other components.
(programming) A section of a program; a subroutine or group of subroutines.
(algebra, ring theory) An abelian group equipped with the operation of multiplication by an element of a ring (or another of certain algebraic objects), representing a generalisation of the concept of vector space with scalar multiplication.

modulo /ˈmɑd͡ʒəloʊ/ /ˈmɒdjʊləʊ/ /ˈmɒd͡ʒələʊ/ preposition
modulo
(mathematics) Given a specified modulus of.

modulus moduli n
module
(mathematics) The base with respect to which a congruence is computed.
(mathematics) The absolute value of a complex number.

modus operandi /ˈmoʊ.dɘs ˌɑp.əɹ.ɛn.daɪ/ /ˈmoʊ.dɘs ˌɑp.əɹ.ɛn.di/ /ˈmɐʉ.dɘs ˌɔp.ɘ.ɹɛn.di/ /ˈmɐʉ.dɘs ˌɔp.ɘ.ɹɛn.dɒe/ /ˈməʊ.dʌs ˌɒp.ə.ɹæn.daɪ/ modi operandi modus operandis n
modus operandi
(colloquial) A person or thing's normal mode of operation.
modus operandi mode opératoire
(law enforcement) A known criminal's established habits and mode of work when committing specific offences, especially fraud, matched with characteristics of an unsolved crime to narrow down (limit to a specific list) or profile suspects.

mofetta mofettas n
mofette

moggy /ˈmɒ.ɡi/ /ˈmɔ.ɡi/ moggies n
chat de gouttière
(UK, AU) A domestic cat, especially (depreciative, _, or, _, derogatory) a non-pedigree or unremarkable cat.

mogul /ˈmoʊɡəl/ /ˈməʊɡ(ə)l/ moguls n
magnat
A rich or powerful person; a magnate, nabob.
bosse
(skiing) A hump or bump on a skiing piste.

moguled /ˈmoʊ.ɡəld/ /ˈmoʊ.ɡʌld/ /ˈməʊ.ɡəld/ /ˈməʊ.ɡʌld/ more moguled most moguled adj
bosselé

mogulist mogulists n
bosseur bosseuse

mohatra adj
mohatra

moiety /-ɾi/ /ˈmɔɪ.ə.ti/ moieties n
groupement
(chemistry) A specific segment of a molecule.

moil /mɔɪl/ moils n
corvée
Hard work.

moist /mɔɪst/ moister moistest more moist most moist adj
humide moite
Characterized by the presence of moisture; not dry; slightly wet; damp. [from 14th c.]

moisten /ˈmɔɪsən/ v
humidifier
(transitive) To make moist or moister.
mouiller
(intransitive) To become moist or moister.

moisture /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃə/ /ˈmɔɪs.t͡ʃɚ/ moistures n
humidité
The state of being moist.

moisturising cream moisturising creams n
crème hydratante
A cream that moisturises the skin.

mojibake /-keɪ/ /ˌmoʊd͡ʒiˈbɑki/ /ˌməʊd͡ʒiˈbɑːki/ n
mojibake
(computing) Corrupt characters or letters, especially resulting from being displayed or transferred through an inappropriate character set or encoding.

mojito /moʊˈhi.toʊ/ /məʊˈhiːtəʊ/ mojitos n
mojito
A Cuban cocktail, generally made from rum, lime, sugar, mint, etc.

molar /ˈmoʊlɚ/ molars n
molaire
A back tooth having a broad surface used for grinding one's food.

molar mass molar masses n
masse molaire
(chemistry) The mass of a given substance divided by its amount, measured in moles. It is commonly expressed in grams (sometimes kilograms) per mole.

molar solution molar solutions n
solution molaire
(chemistry) a solution that contains one mole of solute per litre

molasses /məʊˈlasɪz/ /məˈlasɪz/ [məˈlæ.sɪz] [mɵˈlæ.sɪz] n
mélasse
A thick, sweet syrup drained from sugarcane, especially (North America) the still thicker and sweeter syrup produced by boiling down raw molasses.

mold /moʊld/ /mɔʊld/ /məʊld/ molds n
moulage
moule
A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance.
moisissure moisi mildiou
A natural substance in the form of a woolly or furry growth of tiny fungi that appears when organic material lies for a long time exposed to (usually warm and moist) air.

moldboard moldboards n
versoir
A curved piece of metal on a plow or bulldozer that clears the free dirt from the blade.

molding /ˈmoʊl.dɪŋ/ /ˈməʊl.dɪŋ/ moldings n
moulage
The act or process of shaping in or on a mold, or of making molds; the art or occupation of a molder.
moulure modénature
(architecture) A plane, or curved, narrow surface, either sunk or projecting, used for decoration by means of the lights and shades upon its surface and to conceal joints, especially between unlike materials.
sable argileux
(founding) A kind of sand containing clay, used in making molds.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /mɔʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
grain de beauté nævus
A naevus, a pigmented, slightly raised, and sometimes hairy spot on the skin.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /mɒʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
taupe
Any of the burrowing rodents also called mole-rats.
(espionage) An internal spy, a person who involves himself or herself with an enemy organisation, especially an intelligence or governmental organisation, to determine and betray its secrets from within.

mole /mol/ /moʊl/ /məʊl/ moles n
môle
(nautical) A massive structure, usually of stone, used as a pier, breakwater or junction between places separated by water.
mole
(chemistry, physics) In the International System of Units, the base unit of amount of substance; the amount of substance of a system which contains exactly 6.02214076×1023 elementary entities (atoms, ions, molecules, etc.). Symbol: mol. The number of atoms is known as Avogadro’s number. [from 1897]
môle
A hemorrhagic mass of tissue in the uterus caused by a dead ovum.

mole /ˈmoʊleɪ/ /ˈmoʊli/ moles n
mole
One of several spicy sauces typical of the cuisine of Mexico and neighboring Central America, especially a sauce which contains chocolate and which is used in cooking main dishes, not desserts.

mole cricket mole crickets n
courtilière
Any of various large insects from the family Gryllotalpidae that burrow into moist soil and feed on plant roots.

mole-rat mole-rats n
rat-taupe rate-taupe
Any of several small rodents in taxonomic families Bathyergidae, Heterocephalidae and Spalacidae.

molecular /məˈlɛkjələɹ/ /məˈlɛkjʊlə/ adj
moléculaire
(chemistry) Relating to, or consisting of, or produced by molecules.
(food) Relating to molecular gastronomy.

molecular biologist molecular biologists n
biologiste moléculaire
(biology, biochemistry, genetics) a scientist who specializes in molecular biology

molecular biology n
biologie moléculaire
(genetics) the branch of biology that studies the manipulation of genetic sequence of DNA

molecular formula molecular formulae molecular formulas n
formule moléculaire
(chemistry) A notation indicating the number of atoms of each element present in one molecule of a substance.

molecular genetics n
génétique moléculaire
A field of biology which studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.

molecular mass molecular masses n
masse moléculaire
(chemistry) The mass of an individual molecule of an element or compound.

molecular weight molecular weights n
masse moléculaire
(chemistry) The sum of the atomic weights of every atom in a molecule.

molecule /ˈmɑl.ə.kjul/ /ˈmɒl.ə.kjuːl/ moleculae molecules moleculæ n
molécule
(chemistry) The smallest particle of a specific element or compound that retains the chemical properties of that element or compound; two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.

molehill /ˈməʊlhɪl/ molehills n
taupinière
A small mound of earth created by a mole's burrowing underneath the surface of the ground.

moleskin moleskins n
moleskine
A cotton twill fabric with a heavy velvety nap.

molest /məˈlɛst/ v
abuser embêter violer
To sexually assault or sexually harass.
(dated) To annoy, trouble, or afflict.
abuser violer
(obsolete) To disturb or tamper with.

molester /məˈlɛstə(ɹ)/ /məˈlɛstɚ/ molesters n
agresseur violeur
Agent noun of molest: one who molests.

molinologist molinologists n
molinologue
One who studies molinology (the study of mills).

molinology n
molinologie
The study of mills.

mollify /ˈmɒlɪfaɪ/ v
apaiser calmer
To ease a burden, particularly worry; make less painful; to comfort.

mollusc /ˈmɑləsk/ /ˈmɒləsk/ molluscs n
mollusque
A soft-bodied invertebrate of the phylum Mollusca, typically with a hard shell of one or more pieces.

mollycoddle /ˈmɑl.iˌkɑd.əl/ /ˈmɒl.ɪˌkɒd.əl/ v
couver materner

molten /ˈmoʊltən/ /ˈmɒltən/ /ˈməʊltən/ more molten most molten adj
fondu
Melted.
incandescent
Glowing red-hot.

molting moltings n
mue

molybdenite molybdenites n
molybdénite
(mineral) A mineral, molybdenum disulfide MoS2, that is the principal ore of molybdenum; it is structurally similar to graphite and has a similar look and feel.

molybdenum /məˈlɪbdɪnəm/ molybdenums n
molybdène
A chemical element (symbol Mo) with an atomic number of 42: a silvery metal, not found as a free element, used in steel alloys.

molybdic /məˈlɪbdɪk/ adj
molybdique

molybdomancy n
molybdomancie
divination by interpreting shapes formed when molten metal, typically lead or tin, is dropped into water.

mombin mombins n
mombin

moment /ˈmoʊmənt/ /ˈməʊmənt/ moments n
moment
(physics, mechanics) Ellipsis of moment of force.
moment instant
(historical, unit) A definite period of time, specifically one-tenth of a point, or one-fortieth or one-fiftieth of an hour.

moment arm moment arms n
bras de levier
(physics) The perpendicular distance from a pivot to a point undergoing torque

moment of silence moments of silence n
minute de silence
A period of silence conducted to honor or provide a gesture of respect to a recently deceased person, as part of the mourning process. May also be conducted following a tragic event or on the anniversary thereof.

moment of truth moments of truth n
heure de vérité moment de vérité
(idiomatic) A deciding instant; the time when a test determines or makes it apparent whether something will succeed.

momentarily /ˈməʊməntɛɹɪlɪi/ /ˈməʊmɛntɛɹɪlɪi/ adv
brièvement
(manner) In a momentary manner; for a moment or instant.

momentary /ˈmoʊmənˌtɛɹi/ /ˈməʊmənt(ə)ɹi/ more momentary most momentary adj
momentané
Lasting for only a moment.

momentous /moʊˈmɛn.təs/ /məʊˈmɛn.təs/ more momentous most momentous adj
capital considérable essentiel fatidique primordial substantiel
Outstanding in importance, of great consequence.

momentum /ˌmoʊˈmɛntəm/ /ˌmə(ʊ)ˈmɛntəm/ momenta momentums n
quantité de mouvement élan
(physics) Of a body in motion: the tendency of a body to maintain its inertial motion; the product of its mass and velocity, or the vector sum of the products of its masses and velocities.
élan
The impetus, either of a body in motion, or of an idea or course of events; a moment.

momo /ˈməʊməʊ/ momo momos n
momo
A type of dumpling from Nepal, Ladakh or Tibet made with a simple flour and water dough and filled with meat, vegetables or cheese.

monad /ˈmoʊnæd/ /ˈmɒnæd/ monads n
monade
(philosophy) An ultimate atom, or simple, unextended point; something ultimate and indivisible.
(functional, _, programming) A data type which represents a specific form of computation, along with the operations "return" and "bind".

monadic adj
monadique
(philosophy) of or relating to a monad

monarch /ˈmɑnɑɹk/ /ˈmɑnɚk/ /ˈmɒnək/ monarchs n
monarque
The ruler of an absolute monarchy or the head of state of a constitutional monarchy.

monarchism monarchisms n
monarchisme
The advocacy of such a political system.

monarchist monarchists n
monarchiste
A supporter of, or believer in, monarchy.

monarchy /ˈmɑnɚki/ /ˈmɒnəki/ monarchies n
monarchie
A government in which sovereignty is embodied within a single, today usually hereditary head of state (whether as a figurehead or as a powerful ruler).

monastery /ˈmɑnəstəɹi/ /ˈmɑnəstɛɹi/ /ˈmɒnəstɹi/ monasteries n
monastère
A residence for monks or others who have taken religious vows.

monastic /məˈnæstɪk/ more monastic most monastic adj
monastique
Of or relating to monasteries or monks.

monastically more monastically most monastically adv
monastiquement
In a monastic manner.

monatomic adj
monoatomique
(chemistry) Of an element, consisting of a single atom in the molecule, for example, the noble gases. Note: Strictly speaking, a molecule has at least two atoms.

monetarily adv
monétairement
In a monetary sense; in terms of money

monetarism monetarisms n
monétarisme
(economics) The political doctrine that a nation's economy can be controlled by regulating the money supply.

monetary /ˈman.ə.teː.ɹi/ /ˈmɑnɪtɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnətɛɹi/ /ˈmʌnɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
monétaire
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of money.

monetary unit monetary units n
unité monétaire
A standard unit of a currency, of which the value of coins or notes are multiples

monetization /ˌmɒnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌmʌnətaɪˈzeɪʃən/ monetizations n
monétisation
The conversion of something (especially metal) into money.

monetize /ˈmɑnəˌtaɪz/ /ˈmɒnətaɪz/ /ˈmʌnətaɪz/ v
monétiser
To convert something (especially a security) into currency.
(transitive) To make an activity profit-generating, particularly in computer and Internet-related activities.

money /ˈmʌni/ [ˈmɐni] moneys monies n
monnaie
argent monnaie
A generally accepted means of exchange and measure of value.
A currency maintained by a state or other entity which can guarantee its value (such as a monetary union).
liquide argent
Hard cash in the form of banknotes and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks, credit cards, or credit more generally.

money bag money bags n
richard
(in the plural) A wealthy person.

money can't buy happiness proverb
l'argent ne fait pas le bonheur
Money can purchase external things, but true happiness comes from within oneself.

money cowry money cowries n
cauri
A mollusc of the species Monetaria moneta (syn. Cypraea moneta), the shells of which were formerly used as money by populations in Asia, Africa, and Oceania.

money does not smell proverb
l'argent n'a pas d'odeur

money doesn't grow on trees proverb
l'argent ne tombe pas du ciel
Wealth cannot be obtained without some effort; hence currency is not always available for a prospective purchase.

money laundering n
blanchiment d'argent blanchiment d’argent
The act of engaging in transactions designed to obscure the origin of money, especially money that has been obtained illegally. [from early 20th c.]

money market money markets n
marché financier marché monétaire
(finance) A market for trading short-term debt instruments, such as treasury bills, commercial paper, bankers' acceptances, and certificates of deposit.

money order money orders n
mandat postal mandat-poste
(finance) A directive to pay a prespecified amount of money from prepaid funds, making it a more trusted method of payment than a check.

money pit pn
gouffre
(sometimes, capitalized) Long-standing nickname of a complicated, seemingly man-made excavation on Oak Island in Nova Scotia, Canada, rumored to contain pirate treasure and which has been repeatedly and unsuccessfully probed at great expense.

money plant money plants n
arbre de jade
A small, fleshy-leaved plant of the species Crassula ovata

money supply money supplies n
masse monétaire
(economics) The total amount of money (bills, coins, loans, credit, and other liquid instruments) in a particular economy.

money talks /ˈmʌn.i tɑks/ /ˈmʌn.i tɔks/ /ˈmʌn.i tɔːks/ proverb
l'argent parle
It is easier to accomplish goals using money instead of just talk.

moneybags moneybags n
richard richou
(informal) A wealthy person.

moneyer /ˈmʌniɚ/ /ˈmʌnɪə/ moneyers n
monnayeur
A minter: one who makes money, particularly (historical) the superintendent of a mint producing coinage.

moneylender moneylenders n
usurier prêteur
A person who lends money and charges interest, especially one who is not part of the official financial industry.

moneywort /ˈmʌnɪwəːt/ moneyworts n
nummulaire
A European vine, Lysimachia nummularia, having yellow flowers; creeping Jenny, creeping Charlie, herb twopence.

monger /ˈmɑŋ.ɡəɹ/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡəɹ/ mongers n
marchand
(mostly, in combination) A dealer in a specific commodity.

mongolism mongolisms n
mongolisme
(now, _, offensive) Down syndrome / Down's syndrome (Down’s syndrome)

mongoose /ˈmɑŋ.ɡus/ /ˈmɒŋ.ɡuːs/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡus/ mongeese mongooses n
mangouste
Any of several species of generalist predatory Carnivores in the family Herpestidae; the various species range in size from rats to large cats. The Indian mongoose is noted as a predator of venomous snakes, though other mongoose species have similar habits.

mongrel /ˈmɑŋ.ɡɹəl/ /ˈmʌŋ.ɡɹəl/ mongrels n
métis bâtard corniaud métisse
(often, pejorative) Someone or something of mixed kind or uncertain origin, especially a dog.

monic monics n
normalisé unitaire
A monic polynomial.

moniker /ˈmɑn.ɪ.kɚ/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.kə/ monikers n
sobriquet appellation
A personal name or nickname; an informal label, often drawing attention to a particular attribute.

monism monisms n
monisme
(philosophy, religion) The doctrine of the oneness and unity of reality, despite the appearance of diversity in the world.

monitor /ˈmɑ.nə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɑ.nɪ.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾɚ/ monitors n
moniteur monitrice
Someone who watches over something; a person in charge of something or someone.
moniteur écran
(computing) A device similar to a television set used as to give a graphical display of the output from a computer.

monitor /ˈmɑ.nə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɑ.nɪ.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ə.ɾɚ/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.tə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾə/ /ˈmɔn.ɪ.ɾɚ/ v
contrôler monitorer surveiller
(transitive) To watch over; to guard.

monitor lizard monitor lizards n
varan goanna
Any of various large carnivorous lizards of the family Varanidae, all of whose extant species are of genus Varanus, native to Africa, Asia and Australia.

monitoring monitorings n
surveillance monitoring
The carrying out of surveillance on, or continuous or regular observation of, an environment or people in order to detect signals, movements or changes of state or quality.

monk /mʌŋk/ monks n
moine
A male member of a monastic order who has devoted his life for religious service.

monkey /ˈmʊŋki/ /ˈmʌŋki/ monkeys monkies n
singe guenon
(inexact, sometimes, _, proscribed) Any simian primate other than hominids, any monkey or ape.

monkey around v
faire le singe
(informal, idiomatic) To act foolishly.

monkey business /-nɪz/ /ˈməŋ-/ /ˈmʌŋki ˌbɪznɪs/ /ˈmʌŋkɪ ˌbɪznɪs/ [-nəs] [-nəz] n
bêtise espièglerie macaquerie singerie
Activity that is mischievous, stupid, or time-wasting. [from mid 19th c.]

monkey puzzle /ˈmʌŋkiˌpʌz(ə)l/ monkey puzzles n
araucaria du Chili désespoir des singes
A large coniferous tree, Araucaria araucana, native to Chile. [from 19th c.]

monkey wrench monkey wrenches n
clé anglaise
A wrench (spanner) with an adjustable jaw.
grain de sable dans l’engrenage
(figurative) An unexpected or troublesome problem, obstacle or dilemma.

monkey-house monkey-houses n
singerie
An enclosure in which monkeys are kept.

monkeyflower monkeyflowers n
mimule
Any of various plants in the genus Mimulus.

monkeypox n
variole du singe variole simienne
(disease) A viral disease, of primates and some other mammals, related to smallpox, caused by the Monkeypox virus.

monkfish monkfish monkfishes n
baudroie lotte
Any large bottom-dwelling anglerfish of the genus Lophius, such as Lophius piscatorius, of the Atlantic, having a large head and mouth.

mono /ˈmɑnoʊ/ /ˈmɒnəʊ/ adj
mono
(colloquial) Monaural or monophonic; having only a single audio channel.

mono- /ˈmɑː.nə/ /ˈmɒn.ə/ /ˈmɒn.əʊ/ prefix
mono- uni-
one, single, only

monoamine oxidase monoamine oxidases n
monoamine oxydase
(enzyme) Either of two enzymes, found in the outer membrane of mitochondria, that degrade biogenic amines and are thus responsible for the destruction of transmitter substances at neuronal synapses.

monoarticular adj
monoarticulaire

monobasic adj
monobasique

monobob monobobs n
bob à 1 bob à un monobob monobobsleigh

monocephalous adj
monocéphale
(botany) Having a single head; said of unbranched composite plants.

monochord monochords n
monocorde

monochrome /ˈmɑn.əˌkɹoʊm/ /ˈmɒn.əˌkɹəʊm/ adj
monochrome monocolore unicolore
Having only one colour.

monocle /ˈmɑnəkəl/ monocles n
monocle
A single lens, usually in a wire frame, and used to correct vision for only one eye.

monoclinic adj
monoclinique
(crystallography) Having three unequal axes with two perpendicular and one oblique intersections.

monoclonal /ˌmɑn.əˈkloʊ.nəl/ /ˌmɒn.əˈkləʊ.nəl/ adj
monoclonal
(biochemistry) genetically engineered from a single clone; used especially of a protein or antibody

monocoque monocoques n
monocoque
A structure design in which the frame and body are built as a single integrated structure.

monocotyledon /ˌmɒnəˌkɒtɪˈliːdən/ monocotyledons n
monocotylédone
(botany) Any plant whose seedlings typically have one cotyledon (seed leaf) (in contrast to the two cotyledons typical of dicots), thereby belonging to the taxonomic monocots, formerly variously known as Monocotyledones, Monocotyledonae, or Liliopsida, a class in the angiosperms (Angiospermae), the flowering plants.

monocrotophos n
monocrotophos
(organic chemistry) An organophosphate insecticide, acutely toxic to birds and humans.

monoculist monoculists n
monoculiste

monoculture /ˈmɒnoʊˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɒnəˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ monocultures n
monoculture
(agriculture) The cultivation of a single crop at a time.
(anthropology) A culture or society that lacks diversity; a society marked by monoculturalism.

monocyte monocytes n
monocyte
(immunology, cytology) A type of leukocyte (white blood cell) that differentiates into a macrophage.

monodromic adj
monodrome

monoecy n
monoécie
(botany) The condition of being monoecious, the state of having pistils and stamens on separate flowers of the same plant.

monofin monofins n
monopalme

monogamous adj
monogame
Being married to one person at a time.

monogamy /məˈnɑɡəmi/ monogamies n
monogamie
A form of sexual bonding involving a permanent pair bond between two beings.

monogram /ˈmɑ.nəˌɡɹæm/ /ˈmɒ.nəˌɡɹæm/ monograms n
monogramme
A design or motif composed of one or more letters, often intertwined, used as an identifying mark of an individual or institution; the letters are usually the initials of their names.

monogram /ˈmɑ.nəˌɡɹæm/ /ˈmɒ.nəˌɡɹæm/ v
monogrammer
(transitive) To mark something with a monogram.

monograph monographs n
monographie
A scholarly book or a treatise on a single subject or a group of related subjects, usually written by one person.

monohydrate monohydrates n
monohydrate
(chemistry) A hydrate whose solid contains a single molecule of water of crystallization per molecule, or per unit cell

monoi n
monoï

monoid /ˈmɒnɔɪd/ monoids n
monoïde
(algebra, functional programming) A set which is closed under an associative binary operation, and which contains an element which is an identity for the operation.

monokini /mɒnə(ʊ)ˈkiːni/ monokinis n
monokini
The lower part of a bikini without the upper part (i.e., topless).

monolingual more monolingual most monolingual adj
monolingue unilingue
Knowing or using a single language; written or spoken in a single language.

monolingualism monolingualisms n
monolinguisme unilinguisme
The condition of being monolingual; the ability to speak only a single language.

monolith /ˈmɑn.əˌlɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.lɪθ/ /ˈmɒn.ə.lɪθ/ monoliths n
monolithe
(also, attributively) A large, single block of stone which is a natural feature; or a block of stone or other similar material used in architecture and sculpture, especially one carved into a monument in ancient times.

monolithic /ˌmɑ.nəˈlɪθ.ɪk/ /ˌmɒn.əˈlɪθ.ɪk/ more monolithic most monolithic adj
monolithique
(engineering) Consisting of a single piece of homogeneous material as opposed to a composite material or an assembly of multiple parts.
(figurative) Having a massive, unchanging structure that does not permit individual variation.

monolithism monolithisms n
monolithisme

monologue /ˈmɑnəlɑɡ/ /ˈmɑnəlɔɡ/ /ˈmɒnəlɒɡ/ monologues n
monologue
(drama, authorship) A long speech by one person in a play; sometimes a soliloquy; other times spoken to other characters.

monomania /ˌmɑnoʊˈmeɪni.ə/ /ˌmɒnəʊˈmeɪnɪə/ monomanias monomaniæ n
monomanie
Excessive interest or concentration on a singular object or subject.

monometer monometers n
monomètre
(poetry) A line of verse containing a single metrical foot.

monomial monomials n
monôme
(mathematics) A single term consisting of a product of numbers and variables with positive integer exponents.

monomoraic adj
monomorique
(phonology, of a syllable) Containing one mora.

monomorphemic adj
monomorphémique

monomorphism monomorphisms n
monomorphisme
(mathematics) an injective homomorphism

mononucleosis mononucleoses n
mononucléose
(pathology) A viral infection marked by extreme fatigue, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes.

monophobia monophobias n
monophobie
A fear of being alone.

monophonic adj
monophonique
(of sound reproduction) having a single channel; monaural (compare stereophonic)

monophosphorylate v
monophosphoryler

monophthong /ˈmɑnəfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈmɑnəfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɑnəpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈmɑnəpˌθɔŋ/ /ˈmɒnəfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈmɒnəpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ monophthongs n
monophtongue
A vowel (in the sense of a sound rather than a letter of the alphabet) that has the same sound throughout its pronunciation, such as the short vowels in "pap", "pep", "pip", "pop" and "pup", as opposed to a diphthong (eg, /aɪ/, the vowel in "pipe") or a triphthong (eg, /aɪə/, the sound in the non-rhotic pronunciation of "pyre").

monophthongization monophthongizations n
monophtongaison
(phonetics) The process of becoming monophthong, for a diphthong or triphthong.

monophthongize v
monophtonguer
(transitive, linguistics) To change to a monophthong (as by removing a vowel).

monophysite more monophysite most monophysite adj
monophysite
Describing the beliefs of a Μonophysite.

monophysitism n
monophysisme
(Christianity) A Christological doctrine, generally considered heterodox or heretical, holding that Jesus Christ has a single nature, which is either wholly divine or partially human and partially divine.

monoplegia n
monoplégie
(pathology) Complete paralysis of a single limb (or muscle)

monopolist monopolists n
monopoleur monopoleuse
One who has, or attempts to acquire, a monopoly on something.

monopolistic /məˌnɒpəˈlɪstɪk/ more monopolistic most monopolistic adj
monopolistique
Acting in the manner of a monopoly.

monopolization monopolizations n
monopolisation
The act of monopolizing or the state of being monopolized.

monopolize /məˈnɒpəlʌɪz/ v
monopoliser accaparer
(transitive) To have a monopoly on something.
accaparer
(transitive) To dominate or to get total control of something by excluding everyone else.

monopoly /məˈnɑpəli/ /məˈnɒpəli/ monopolies n
monopole
An exclusive control over the trade or production of a commodity or service through exclusive possession.
The privilege granting the exclusive right to exert such control.
(metonymy) The market thus controlled.

monoprogramming n
monoprogrammation

monopsony /məˈnɑpsəni/ /məˈnɒpsəni/ monopsonies n
monopsone
(economics) A market situation in which there is only one buyer for a product. [from 1930s]

monopteral adj
monoptère
(architecture) Round and without a cella; consisting of a single ring of columns supporting a roof; said especially of a temple.

monorail /ˈmɑnəɹeɪl/ /ˈmɒnəɹeɪl/ /ˈmɒnəʊˌɹeɪl/ monorails n
monorail
a railroad system where the trains run on one rail
wagon monorail
a train running on a single rail

monosaccharide monosaccharides n
monosaccharide ose
(carbohydrate) A simple sugar such as glucose, fructose or deoxyribose that has a single ring

monosemic adj
monosème

monosemy /ˈmɒ.nə(ʊ)ˌsiː.mi/ n
monosémie
(semantics) The property of terms of having a single meaning; absence of ambiguity.

monosexual adj
monosexuel
Composed of, or relating to, only one sex.
Sexually attracted to members of only one sex or gender.

monosexual monosexuals n
monosexuel monosexuelle
A monosexual person.

monosodium glutamate n
glutamate de sodium glutamate monosodique
(chemistry) The mono sodium salt of the amino acid, glutamic acid; present in soy sauce; used as a condiment in Chinese and Japanese cooking, and as a food additive to enhance flavor and add the umami taste. Abbreviations: MSG, E621.

monostable adj
monostable
(electronics) Having more than one state, only one of which is stable.

monosyllabic /ˌmɑ.noʊ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)sɪˈlabɪk/ /ˌmɔ.nəʉ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
monosyllabique monosyllabe
Consisting of one syllable.
monosyllabique
Using monosyllables, speaking in monosyllables; curt.

monosyllable monosyllables n
monosyllabe
A word of one syllable.

monothalamous adj
monothalamé
(botany) Whose spikelets are all similar.

monotheism /ˌmɑnoʊ̯ˈθiɪzm̩/ monotheisms n
monothéisme
The belief in a single deity (one god or goddess); especially within an organized religion.

monotheist monotheists n
monothéiste
A believer of monotheism, the doctrine that there is a single divine being in the universe.

monotheistic /ˌmɑnəθiˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θiːˈɪstɪk/ /ˌmɒnə(ʊ)θɪˈɪstɪk/ adj
monothéiste
(religion) Believing in a single god, deity, spirit, etc., especially for an organized religion, faith, or creed.

monothematic adj
monothématique
(onomastics, of a name) Composed of a single traditional name element

monotherapy monotherapies n
monothérapie

monotonic /ˌmɑnəˈtɑnɪk/ /ˌmɒnəˈtɒnɪk/ adj
monotone
(mathematics) Of a function: that either never decreases or never increases as its independent variable increases.

monotonic function monotonic functions n
fonction monotone
(mathematics) A function that either never decreases or never increases as its independent variable increases.

monotonicity monotonicities n
monotonie
(analysis) Said of a positive measure: the property of a positive measure of a measure space, that given two measurable sets where the first set is contained in the second one, then the measure of the first set must be less than or equal to the measure of the second set.

monotonize v
monotoniser

monotonous /məˈnɑtənəs/ /məˈnɒtənəs/ more monotonous most monotonous adj
ennuyeux monotone

monotony /məˈnɑtni/ /məˈnɑtəni/ /məˈnɒtəni/ monotonies n
monotonie
Tedium as a result of repetition or a lack of variety.
(mathematics) The property of a monotonic function.

monotown monotowns n
monoville

monotreme /ˈmɒnətɹiːm/ monotremes n
monotrème
(zoology) A mammal that lays eggs and has a single urogenital and digestive orifice. Only the echidnas and platypuses are included in this group.

monotype monotypes n
monotype
(arts, printing) A print made by creating the design using oil paint or printer's ink on metal or glass, then transferring the image directly to paper.
A keyboard-operated typesetting and casting machine that makes and sets separate characters.

monotypic /ˌmɒ.nə.ˈtɪ.pɪk/ adj
monotypique
(taxonomy) Relating to or exhibiting monotypy.

monoxide /məˈnɒksʌɪd/ monoxides n
protoxyde
(chemistry) any oxide containing a single oxygen atom in each molecule or formula unit

mons veneris montes veneris n
mont de Vénus motte
The female mons pubis.

monsoon /mɑnˈsuːn/ /mɒnˈsuːn/ monsoons n
mousson
Any of a number of winds associated with regions where most rain falls during a particular season.
Tropical rainy season when the rain lasts for several months with few interruptions.
Entire meteorological systems with such characteristics.

monster /ˈmɑnstɚ/ /ˈmɒnstə(ɹ)/ adj
monstrueux
(informal) Very large; worthy of a monster.

monster /ˈmɑnstɚ/ /ˈmɒnstə(ɹ)/ monsters n
monstre
(informal) A terrifying and dangerous creature.
(informal, childish) A bizarre or whimsical creature.
A cruel, heartless, or antisocial person, especially a criminal.
bête monstre
(informal) A prodigy; someone very talented in a specific domain.

monster truck monster trucks n
camion monstre monster truck
A large truck designed specifically to perform in monster truck shows, typically based on a lifted pickup truck with oversized wheels and modified suspension.

monstrance /ˈmɑnztɹəns/ /ˈmɒnstɹəns/ monstrances n
ostensoir
(Christianity) An ornamental, often precious receptacle, either open or with a transparent cover, in which the sacramental bread (consecrated host) is placed for Eucharistic adoration.

monstress /ˈmɑnstɹəs/ /ˈmɒnst(ə)ɹɛs/ monstresses n
monstresse
(literary) A female monster.

monstrosity /mɒnˈstɹɒsɪti/ monstrosities n
monstruosité
A monstrous person, thing, or act.
The state of being monstrous.

monstrous /ˈmɑnstɹəs/ /ˈmɒnstɹəs/ more monstrous most monstrous adj
monstrueux
Hideous or frightful.
Enormously large.
Of, or relating to a mythical monster; full of monsters.

montage /mɑnˈtɑʒ/ /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈmɑn.tɑʒ/ /ˈmɒn.tɑːʒ/ montages n
montage
(countable) A composite work, particularly an artwork, created by assembling or putting together other elements such as pieces of music, pictures, texts, videos, etc. [from early 20th c.]

montage /mɑnˈtɑʒ/ /mɒnˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈmɑn.tɑʒ/ /ˈmɒn.tɑːʒ/ v
monter
(transitive) To combine into, or depict as, a montage.

month /mʌnθ/ month months n
mois
A period into which a year is divided, historically based on the phases of the moon.

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adj
mensuel
Occurring every month.

monthly /ˈmʌnθli/ adv
mensuel mensuellement
Every month.

montiform /mɒntɪfɔːm/ more montiform most montiform adj
montiforme
Resembling a mountain in form.

montmorillonite montmorillonites n
montmorillonite
(mineral) Any of a group of soft, clay-like silicate minerals having many industrial and technical uses.

monument /ˈmɑnjəmənt/ /ˈmɑnjʊmənt/ /ˈmɒnjʊmənt/ monuments n
monument mémorial
A structure built for commemorative or symbolic reasons, or as a memorial; a commemoration.

monumentality monumentalities n
monumentalité
The quality or state of being monumental.

moo /mu/ /muː/ interjection
meuh
The characteristic sound made by a cow or bull.

moo /mu/ /muː/ moos n
beuglement meuglement
(onomatopoeia) The characteristic lowing sound made by cattle.

moo /mu/ /muː/ v
beugler mugir meugler
(intransitive) Of a cow or bull, to make its characteristic lowing sound.

moo-moo moo-moos n
meumeu
(childish) A cow.

mooch /muːt͡ʃ/ v
errer
(British) To wander around aimlessly, often causing irritation to others.

moocher moochers n
tapeur tapeuse
(mostly, pejorative) A person having a tendency to take advantage of the help of others, especially if making little effort to help themselves.

mood /muːd/ /mʉd/ moods n
humeur
A mental or emotional state, composure.
A disposition to do something, a state of mind receptive or disposed to do something.
humeur mauvaise humeur
A sullen, gloomy or angry mental state; a bad mood.
ambiance atmosphère
A prevalent atmosphere, attitude, or feeling.

mood swing mood swings n
saute d'humeur
(psychology) A rapid and extreme changing in mood, from excessively happy to desperately miserable.

moody /ˈmuːdi/ moodier moodiest adj
lunatique
Given to sudden or frequent changes of mind; temperamental.
mélancolique
Sulky or depressed.
lugubre mélancolique taciturne
Dour, gloomy or brooding.

moola /ˈmuː.lɑ/ /ˈmuː.lə/ /ˈmuːˌlɑː/ /ˈmyː.lɑ/ /ˈmʊ.lɑ/ n
blé moula oseille pognon thune
(informal) Money, cash.

moon /mun/ /muːn/ moons n
lune
(informal, by extension of Moon) Any natural satellite of a planet.
lune mois
(literary) A month, particularly a lunar month.

moon /mun/ /muːn/ v
montrer sa lune
(transitive, colloquial) To display one's buttocks to, typically as a jest, insult, or protest.

moon bag moon bags n
banane
A small pouch attached to a belt that is worn on the outside of clothing around the waist and used for holding small personal items.

moon landing moon landings n
alunissage
The safe arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the moon.

moon letter moon letters n
lettre lunaire
(linguistics) One of fourteen Arabic letters that do not affect the pronunciation of the "L" of a preceding definite article (ال-). The "L" in the Arabic definite article is pronounced "L" when followed by a moon letter: e.g., القُرْآن. The fourteen moon letters are: ء, ب, ج, ح, خ, ع, غ, ف, ق, ك, م, ه, و, ي

moon pool /ˈmunˌpul/ /ˈmuːnpuːl/ moon pools n
puits central
(nautical, chiefly, oil industry) An opening in the base of the hull of a vessel (especially a marine drilling platform), which is used for lowering equipment into the sea below.

moon trefoil n
luzerne arborescente
Medicago arborea, a plant with yellow flowers.

moonbase moonbases n
base lunaire
(originally, scifi) A base or outpost located on a moon.

moonbow moonbows n
arc-en-ciel lunaire
(meteorology) A rainbow formed by moonlight diffracted by water droplets in the air, usually fainter than a daytime rainbow and with fewer distinguishable colours.

mooncake /ˈmunkeɪk/ /ˈmuːnkeɪk/ mooncakes n
gâteau de lune
A rich, dense Chinese pastry traditionally filled with lotus seed paste and nowadays with a variety of other fillings, usually eaten during the Mid-Autumn Festival (on the 15th day of the eighth month of the Chinese lunisolar calendar; early September to early October). [from late 17th c.]

moondial moondials n
cadran lunaire
An instrument for telling time, like a sundial but relying on the light of the Moon.

moonfish moonfish moonfishes n
sélène
Any of various flat, oval marine fish species.

moonflower /ˈmuːnflaʊə/ moonflowers n
fleur de lune
Any of several vines of the genus Ipomoea, especially Ipomoea alba. [from 19th c.]

mooning moonings n
mooning
The act of showing one's buttocks.

moonlight /ˈmunˌlaɪt/ moonlights n
clair de lune
(sometimes, attributive) The light reflected from the Moon.

moonlight /ˈmunˌlaɪt/ v
avoir une double casquette cumuler travailler au noir
To work on the side (at a secondary job), often in the evening or during the night.

moonlighter moonlighters n
travailleur au noir cumulard travailleuse au noir
A person who moonlights, working a second job on the side.

moonlighting moonlightings n
travail au noir travail dissimulé
The act of, or a period of, working on the side (at a secondary job), often in the evening or during the night.

moonmilk n
lait de lune mondmilch
(geology) A white, creamy limestone precipitate found in caves.

moonquake moonquakes n
tremblement de lune
A seismic event occurring on the moon; the lunar equivalent of an earthquake.

moonraker /ˈmuːn.ɹeɪ.kə/ /ˈmuːn.ɹeɪ.kɚ/ moonrakers n
bonnette cacatois perruche
(nautical) A small, light sail located high on a mast (above the skysail) and used for speed.

moonrise moonrises n
lever de lune
The time of day or night when the moon begins to rise over the horizon.

moonscape moonscapes n
paysage lunaire
(by extension) A desolate or devastated landscape.

moonset moonsets n
coucher de lune
The setting of the moon below the horizon.

moonshine /ˈmuːnʃaɪn/ moonshines n
alcool de contrebande
(math, uncountable) A branch of pure mathematics relating the Monster group to an invariant of elliptic functions.

moonsickle /ˈmuːnˌsɪkl̩/ moonsickles n
croissant de lune
(poetic) A thin crescent of the moon.

moonstone moonstones n
pierre de lune
(mineral) A translucent gemstone, an orthoclase feldspar, that has a pearly lustre.

moonstruck more moonstruck most moonstruck adj
lunatique
(obsolete) Crazy or insane when affected by the phases of the Moon.

moonwalk /ˈmunwɔk/ /ˈmuːnwɔːk/ moonwalks n
moonwalk
(dance) A dance style in which the dancer appears to be moving in a low gravity environment.

moor /moː/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉr/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] moors n
lande
An extensive waste covered with patches of heath, and having a poor, light soil, but sometimes marshy, and abounding in peat; a heath

moor /moː/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ /mʉr/ /mʊ(ə)ɹ/ /mʊə/ [möː(ə̯)~mʊ̈ː(ə̯)] v
amarrer ancrer mouiller
(intransitive, nautical) To cast anchor or become fastened.
amarrer ancrer
(transitive, nautical) To fix or secure (e.g. a vessel) in a particular place by casting anchor, or by fastening with ropes, cables or chains or the like.

moorhen /ˈmuɹ.hɛn/ moorhens n
poule d'eau
Any of various medium-sized water birds of the genus Gallinula, of the rail family, that feed in open water margins.

mooring moorings n
amarrage
The act of securing a vessel with a cable or anchor etc.

moorland moorlands n
brande bruyère lande
Open land that has an acidic peaty soil and is mostly covered with heather or bracken.

moose /muːs/ meese moose mooses n
orignal élan [[d']]Amérique
The largest member of the deer family (Alces americanus, sometimes included in Alces alces), of which the male has very large, palmate antlers.

moot /muːt/ more moot most moot adj
discutable
(current in, _, UK, rare, _, in the, _) Subject to discussion (originally at a moot); arguable, debatable, unsolved or impossible to solve.
non pertinent stérile vain
(North America) Having no practical consequence or relevance.

moot point moot points n
contentieux
An issue that is subject to, or open for, discussion or debate, to which no satisfactory answer is found; originally, one to be definitively determined by an assembly of the people.

mop /mɑp/ /mɒp/ mops n
serpillière vadrouille grimace moppe torchon
An implement for washing floors or similar, made of a piece of cloth, or a collection of thrums, or coarse yarn, fastened to a handle.
grimace
A wash with a mop; the act of mopping.
tignasse
(humorous) A dense head of hair.

mop /mɑp/ /mɒp/ v
serpiller
(transitive) To rub, scrub, clean or wipe with a mop, or as if with a mop.

mop the floor with someone v
écraser
(slang) To trounce or defeat thoroughly or in a humiliating manner.

mop up v
faire le ménage
(informal) To fix problems; to correct or repair.

moped /ˈmoʊ.pɛd/ /ˈməʊ.pɛd/ mopeds n
mobylette cyclomoteur vélomoteur mob
A lightweight, two-wheeled vehicle equipped with a small motor and pedals, designed to go no faster than some specified speed limit.

mopping moppings n
serpillage
The process of cleaning with a mop.

mora /ˈmɔːɹə/ morae moras n
more
(phonology) A unit of syllable weight used in phonology, by which stress, foot structure, or timing of utterance is determined in some languages (e.g. Japanese).

moraine /mɒˈɹeɪn/ /məˈɹeɪn/ moraines n
moraine
(geology) An accumulation of rocks and debris carried and deposited by a glacier.

moral /ˈmoɹəl/ /ˈmɑɹəl/ /ˈmɒɹ-/ /ˈmɒɹəl/ /ˈmɔrəl/ more moral most moral adj
moral
Of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behaviour, especially for teaching right behaviour.
Capable of right and wrong action.
Positively affecting the mind, confidence, or will.

moral /ˈmoɹəl/ /ˈmɑɹəl/ /ˈmɒɹ-/ /ˈmɒɹəl/ /ˈmɔrəl/ morals n
moralité
(of a narrative) The ethical significance or practical lesson.
morale
(chiefly, in the plural) Moral practices or teachings: modes of conduct.

moral code moral codes n
code moral
(ethics) A written, formal, and consistent set of rules prescribing righteous behavior, accepted by a person or by a group of people.

moral hazard moral hazards n
hasard moral
(economics, insurance) The prospect that a party insulated from risk may behave differently from the way it would behave if it were fully exposed to the risk.

moral panic moral panics n
panique morale tollé public
A semi-spontaneous or media-generated mass movement based on the perception that an individual, group, community, or culture is dangerously deviant and poses a menace to society; a public outcry.

moral support n
soutien moral
Assistance given to a person or cause, usually without getting directly involved.

morale /məˈɹæl/ /məˈɹɑːl/ morales n
moral
The capacity of people to maintain belief in an institution or a goal, or even in oneself and others.

moralism /ˈmɒɹəlɪzm/ moralisms n
moralisme
(uncountable, often, pejorative) The act or practice of moralizing (making moral reflections or judging the morality of others).

moralist moralists n
moraliste
(pejorative) One who bases all decisions on perceived morals, especially one who enforces them with censorship.

moralistic more moralistic most moralistic adj
moraliste
Characteristic of or relating to a narrow-minded concern of the morals of others; self-righteous

morality /məˈɹælɪti/ moralities n
moralité morale
(uncountable) Recognition of the distinction between good and evil or between right and wrong; respect for and obedience to the rules of right conduct; the mental disposition or characteristic of behaving in a manner intended to produce morally good results.

morality police n
police des mœurs
A police force tasked with enforcing a specific moral code, especially a religious one.

morass /məˈɹæs/ morasses n
marais marécage
A tract of soft, wet ground; a marsh; a fen.
bourbier
(figurative) Anything that entraps or makes progress difficult.

moratorium /ˌmɒ.ɹəˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ /ˌmɔ.ɹəˈtɔ.ɹi.əm/ /ˌmɔː.ɹəˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ moratoria moratoriums n
moratoire
(legal) An authorization to a debtor, permitting temporary suspension of payments. [from 19th c.]
A suspension of an ongoing activity. [from 20th c.]

moray /məˈɹeɪ/ /ˈmɒ.ɹeɪ/ /ˈmɔː.ɹeɪ/ morays n
murène
Any of the large cosmopolitan carnivorous eels of the family Muraenidae.

morbid /ˈmɔɹ.bɪd/ /ˈmɔː.bɪd/ more morbid most morbid adj
macabre malsain pathologique
morbide
(originally) Of, or relating to disease. [from 1650s]
Grisly or gruesome.

morbid obesity n
obésité morbide
(pathology) The condition of being morbidly obese.

morbidity morbidities n
morbidité
The quality of being unhealthful or diseased, sometimes including the cause.
(medicine) The incidence of a disease, as a rate of a population which is affected.

mordacious more mordacious most mordacious adj
caustique corrosif mordant mordicant

mordant /mɔː(ɹ)dənt/ more mordant most mordant adj
mordant
Having or showing a sharp or critical quality

mordant /mɔː(ɹ)dənt/ v
amordancer
(transitive) To subject to the action of, or imbue with, a mordant.

more /mo(ː)ɹ/ /moə/ /moʊ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ adv
plus davantage
Used to form the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs. [from 13thc.]

more /mo(ː)ɹ/ /moə/ /moʊ/ /mɔɹ/ /mɔː/ determiner
plus mieux
in greater number. (Used for a discrete quantity.)
in greater quantity, amount, or proportion. (Used for a continuous quantity.)
Additional; further.
Bigger, stronger, or more valuable.

more Catholic than the Pope adj
être plus catholique que le pape
Adhering more stringently to Roman Catholic practices and doctrine than is required by church doctrine.

more and more adv
de plus en plus
(degree) Progressively more.

more and more determiner
de plus en plus de

more dead than alive adj
plus mort que vif

more haste, less speed proverb
il ne faut pas confondre vitesse et précipitation
When one is in a hurry, one often ends up having less success and completing a task more slowly.

more often than not adv
le plus souvent
(idiom) Usually; more than half the time; more likely to be the case than not to be the case.

more or less /mɔɹ ɔɹ lɛs/ adv
plus ou moins peu ou prou
Approximately.
plus ou moins presque
Almost.

more than meets the eye adj
un train peut en cacher un autre

morel /məˈɹɛl/ morels n
morille
A true morel; any of several fungi in the genus Morchella, the upper part of which is covered with a reticulated and pitted hymenium.

moreover /mɔɹˈoʊvɚ/ /mɔːˈɹəʊvə/ adv
en outre en plus de plus au demeurant au reste au surplus
(conjunctive) In addition to what has been said; furthermore; additionally.

morepork /ˈmoːpoːk/ /ˈmɔɹˌpɔ(ə)ɹk/ /ˈmɔːpɔːk/ moreporks n
ninoxe boubouk
(chiefly, New Zealand) The Tasmanian spotted owl (Ninox novaeseelandiae), a small brown owl indigenous to New Zealand and Tasmania. [from 19th c.]

mores /ˈmɔː.ɹeɪz/ n
coutume mœurs
A set of moral norms or customs derived from generally accepted practices rather than written laws.

morganatic /mɔɹɡəˈnætɪk/ /mɔːɡəˈnætɪk/ adj
morganatique
Designating a marriage (or the wife involved) between a man of higher rank and a woman of lower rank, often having various legal repercussions (typically that such a wife has no claim on the husband's possessions or title). It was not an aspect of English law, but was common in other royal houses, especially in Germany.

morgue /moɹɡ/ /mɔː(ɹ)ɡ/ /mɔːɡ/ [mo̞ɹɡ] morgues n
morgue
A building or room where dead bodies are kept before their proper burial or cremation, (now) particularly in legal and law enforcement contexts.

moribund /ˈmɔːɹɪbʌnd/ adj
moribond mourant
Approaching death; about to die; dying; expiring.

morion /ˈmɒɹɪən/ morions n
morion
(historical) A kind of open brimmed helmet used by footsoldiers in the 16th and 17th centuries, having no visor or bevor. [from 16th c.]

morna /məʊˈɹnɑ/ mornas n
morna
(uncountable, music genre) A genre of Cape Verdean music and dance.

morning /mɔːnɪŋ/ /mɔːɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ mornings n
matin matinée avant-midi
The early part of the day, especially from midnight to noon. [from 13th c.]
(obsolete) That part of the day from dawn until the main meal (typically in late afternoon). [18th–19th c.]

morning after morning afters mornings after n
lendemain de veille

morning dress morning dresses n
jaquette
(now, historical) A woman's dress designed for informal day wear.

morning glory morning glories n
belle-de-jour gloire du matin ipomée volubilis
Several members of the family Convolvulaceae; climbing plants with trumpet shaped flowers.

morning sickness n
nausée matinale
(medicine) Early morning nausea and vomiting as a symptom of pregnancy.

morning star morning stars n
étoile du matin
(military, countable) A weapon consisting of a heavy ball set with spikes attached rigidly to a staff, in contrast to a flail.

morning star pn
étoile du matin
(astronomy) The planet Venus as observed in the eastern sky around dawn.

morning wood morning woods n
gaule du matin érection matinale
(dialectal) Kindling used to light a fire in the morning.

morning-after pill morning-after pills n
pilule du lendemain
A contraceptive in the form of a pill taken shortly after sexual intercourse.

moron /-ɑn/ /mo(ː)ɹɒn/ /ˈmoɹɑn/ /ˈmɔːɹɒn/ [ˈmo̞ɹɑn] morons n
andouille débile mongol
(informal, offensive, derogatory) A stupid person; an idiot; a fool.
débile andouille attardé crétin demeuré mongol
(psychology, dated, originally) A person of mild mental subnormality in the former classification of mental retardation, having an intelligence quotient of 50–70.

morose /mɔɹˈoʊs/ /məˈɹoʊs/ /məˈɹəʊs/ more morose moroser morosest most morose adj
morose sombre
Sullen, gloomy; showing a brooding ill humour.

morosity morosities n
morosité

morpheme /ˈmoː.fiːm/ /ˈmɔɹ.fim/ /ˈmɔː.fiːm/ morphemes n
morphème
(linguistic morphology) The smallest linguistic unit within a word that can carry a meaning. It may be a letter, a syllable, or otherwise.

morphemic adj
morphémique
(linguistics) Of or relating to morphemics or to a morpheme.

morphine /ˈmoː.fiːn/ /ˈmɔɹˌfin/ /ˈmɔː.fiːn/ morphines n
morphine
(biochemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A crystalline alkaloid (7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methyl-morphinan-3,6-diol), extracted from opium, the salts of which are soluble in water and are used as analgesics, anaesthetics and sedatives; it is one of a group of morphine alkaloids.

morphism morphisms n
morphisme
(mathematics, category theory) (formally) An arrow in a category; (less formally) an abstraction that generalises a map from one mathematical object to another and is structure-preserving in a way that depends on the branch of mathematics from which it arises.

morphoclimatic more morphoclimatic most morphoclimatic adj
morphoclimatique

morphogenesis morphogeneses n
morphogenèse morphogénie
(biology) The differentiation of tissues and subsequent growth of structures in an organism

morphogenic adj
morphogénique
Of or pertaining to a morphogen, a morphogene or morphogenesis.

morphogeny morphogenies n
morphogénie
(biology) History of the evolution of forms; that part of ontogeny that deals with the germ history of forms, distinguished from physiogeny.

morphological /ˌmɔːfəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
morphologique
Of, or pertaining to, morphology.

morphologically adv
morphologiquement
With regard to morphology.

morphology /moːˈfɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔɹˈfɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɔːˈfɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ morphologies n
morphologie
(biology) The study of the form and structure of animals and plants.
(uncountable) A scientific study of form and structure, usually without regard to function. Especially:
(linguistics) The study of the internal structure of morphemes (words and their semantic building blocks).
(geology) The study of the structure of rocks and landforms.
(countable) A description of the form and structure of something.

morphometric adj
morphométrique

morphophoneme morphophonemes n
morphonème morphophonème
(linguistics) One of the units of which the underlying representations of morphemes are composed.

morphophonemic adj
morphophonémique
(linguistics) Relating to morphophonemes or morphophonemics.

morphophonology /ˌmɒ(ɹ).foʊˌfɒnˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
morphophonologie

morphoplasm morphoplasms n
morphoplasme
kinoplasm, trophoplasm

morphopsychology n
morphopsychologie

morphosyntactic adj
morphosyntaxique
Pertaining to morphosyntax.

morphosyntactical adj
morphosyntaxique
morphosyntactic

morphosyntax morphosyntaxes n
morphosyntaxe

morrow /ˈmɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈmɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈmɔɹ.oʊ/ morrows n
lendemain
(archaic, or, poetic) The next or following day.
matin
(archaic) Morning.

morsel /ˈmɔɹsəl/ /ˈmɔːsəl/ morsels n
morceau
A small fragment or share of something, commonly applied to food.

mortadella mortadellas n
mortadelle
A smooth-textured Italian pork sausage with lumps of fat, flavoured with spices; eaten cold.

mortal /ˈmɔɹtəl/ /ˈmɔːtəl/ more mortal most mortal adj
mortel
Susceptible to death by aging, sickness, injury, or wound; not immortal. [from 14th c.]
Causing death; deadly, fatal, killing, lethal (now only of wounds, injuries etc.). [from 14th c.]

mortal /ˈmɔɹtəl/ /ˈmɔːtəl/ mortals n
mortel mortelle
A human; someone susceptible to death.

mortal sin mortal sins n
péché grave
(Roman Catholicism, theology) A sin which causes the loss of God's grace, leading to eternal damnation, unless the sinner repents, which includes their intent to confess and atone; such a sin is defined as a grave transgression against one of the Ten Commandments with the full knowledge and deliberate consent of the sinner.

mortality /mɔɹˈtælɪti/ mortalities n
mortalité condition mortelle taux de mortalité
The state of being susceptible to death.
mortalité taux de mortalité
The number of deaths; and, usually and especially, the number of deaths per time unit (usually per year), expressed as a rate.
(figuratively) Death.

mortar /ˈmɔːtə(ɹ)/ mortars n
mortier
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or cement, sand and water used for bonding building blocks.
(countable) A hollow vessel used to pound, crush, rub, grind or mix ingredients with a pestle.
(countable, military, historical) A short, heavy, large-bore cannon designed for indirect fire at very steep trajectories.
(countable, military) A relatively lightweight, often portable indirect fire weapon which transmits recoil to a base plate and is designed to lob explosive shells at very steep trajectories. [from 20th c.]

mortar and pestle mortars and pestles n
mortier et pilon
A device made up of a bowl (the mortar) and a heavy, blunt object (the pestle), the end of which is used for crushing and grinding ingredients or substances into a fine paste or powder.

mortgage /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔː.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ mortgages n
hypothèque
(legal) A special form of secured loan where the purpose of the loan must be specified to the lender, to purchase assets that must be fixed (not movable) property, such as a house or piece of farm land. The assets are registered as the legal property of the borrower but the lender can seize them and dispose of them if they are not satisfied with the manner in which the repayment of the loan is conducted by the borrower. Once the loan is fully repaid, the lender loses this right of seizure and the assets are then deemed to be unencumbered.

mortgage /ˈmɔɹ.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈmɔː.ɡɪd͡ʒ/ v
hypothéquer
(transitive, legal) To borrow against a property, to obtain a loan for another purpose by giving away the right of seizure to the lender over a fixed property such as a house or piece of land; to pledge a property in order to get a loan.

mortify /ˈmoɹtɪfaɪ/ /ˈmɔːtɪfaɪ/ v
macérer mortifier
(transitive) To discipline (one's body, appetites etc.) by suppressing desires; to practise abstinence on. [from 15th c.]
tuer
(obsolete, transitive) To reduce the potency of; to nullify; to deaden, neutralize. [14th–18th c.]
(obsolete, transitive) To kill off (living tissue etc.); to make necrotic. [15th–18th c.]
(obsolete, transitive) To affect with vexation, chagrin, or humiliation; to humble; to depress.

mortise /ˈmɔː(ɹ).təs/ /ˈmɔː(ɹ).tɪs/ mortises n
mortaise
(woodworking) A hole that is made to receive a tenon so as to form a joint. [from 14th c.]

mortise-and-tenon joint mortise-and-tenon joints n
tenon et mortaise
(woodworking) A joint made by inserting a projecting tenon into a mortised slot.

mortmain /ˈmɔɹt.meɪn/ /ˈmɔːt.meɪn/ mortmains n
mainmorte
(legal) The perpetual, inalienable possession of lands by a corporation or non-personal entity such as a church.

morula /ˈmɔːɹələ/ morulae morulas n
morula
(embryology) A spherical mass of blastomeres that forms following the splitting of a zygote; it becomes the blastula

mosaic /moʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /moʊˈzeɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪ.ɪk/ /məʊˈzeɪk/ mosaics n
mosaïque
A piece of artwork created by placing colored squares (usually tiles) in a pattern so as to create a picture.
(genetics) An individual composed of two or more cell lines of different genetic or chromosomal constitution, but from the same zygote.
(plant disease) Any of several viral diseases that cause mosaic-like patterns to appear on leaves.
A composite picture made from overlapping photographs.

mosaicist mosaicists n
mosaïste
a person who designs or builds mosaics

mosaiculture mosaicultures n
mosaïculture

moscovium /mɒˈskəʊ.vi.əm/ n
moscovium
The chemical element with atomic number 115.

mosh /mɑʃ/ /mɒʃ/ v
pogoter
(intransitive) To dance by intentionally jumping into and colliding with other, similarly behaving dancers, and performing other wild, aggressive, or spastic movements.

mosh pit mosh pits n
mosh pit
The spontaneous dance floor created in front of a stage when people mosh.

mosque /mɑsk/ /mɒsk/ mosques n
mosquée
(Islam) A place of worship for Muslims, often having at least one minaret; a masjid.

mosquito /mɒˈskiː.təʊ/ /məˈski.toʊ/ /məˈskiːto/ [məˈskiːɾ̥o] [məˈskɪto] mosquitoes mosquitos n
moustique
A small flying insect of the family Culicidae, the females of which bite humans and animals and suck blood, leaving an itching bump on the skin, and sometimes carrying diseases like malaria, dengue and yellow fever.

mosquito bite mosquito bites n
bouton de moustique piqûre de moustique
(usually, in the plural, slang, potentially, _, offensive) A small breast of a woman.

mosquito fern mosquito ferns n
azolla
Any of the aquatic ferns in the genus Azolla.

mosquito net mosquito nets n
moustiquaire
A fine net, placed around a bed, in a window opening, etc., to provide protection against mosquitoes and other insects, and the diseases carried by them.

moss /mɑs/ /mɒs/ /mɔs/ mosses n
mousse
Any of various small, green, seedless plants growing on the ground or on the surfaces of trees, stones, etc.; now specifically, a plant of the phylum Bryophyta (formerly division Musci).
(countable) A kind or species of such plants.

mossy /ˈmɑːsi/ /ˈmɒsi/ mossier mossiest adj
moussu moussue
Covered in or overgrown with moss.

most /ˈmoʊst/ /ˈməʊst/ adv
la plus le plus les plus
Forms the superlative of many adjectives.
extrêmement très
To a great extent or degree; highly; very.

most /ˈmoʊst/ /ˈməʊst/ determiner
la majeure partie de la plupart de
the majority of; more than half of (construed without the definite article)

most of all adv
par-dessus tout plus que tout
to a greater extent than anything else

most significant bit most significant bits n
bit le plus significatif
(computing) The bit that represents the largest fraction of a value, its position depending on the endianness of the system.

mostly /ˈmoʊstli/ /ˈməʊstli/ adv
majoritairement surtout
Mainly or chiefly; for the most part; usually, generally, on the whole.

mot juste /məʊˈʒuːst/ mots justes n
mot juste
The perfectly appropriate word or phrase for the situation.

mote /moʊt/ /məʊt/ motes n
atome
A small particle; a speck.

motel /moʊˈtɛl/ motels n
motel
(also, _, attributive) A type of hotel or lodging establishment, often located near a major highway, which typically features a series of rooms the entrances of which are immediately adjacent to a parking lot to facilitate convenient access to automobiles parked there.

motet motets n
motet
A composition adapted to sacred words in the elaborate polyphonic church style; an anthem.

moth /mɑθ/ /mɒθ/ /mɔθ/ moths n
mite papillon de nuit phalène
A usually nocturnal insect of the order Lepidoptera, distinguished from butterflies by feather-like antennae.

moth-eaten more moth-eaten most moth-eaten adj
mangé aux mites
Containing holes by having been eaten by moth larvae.
(figurative, by extension) Old and in poor condition.

mothball /mɒθbɔːl/ mothballs n
boule de naphtaline
(usually, in plural) A small ball of chemical pesticide (typically naphthalene) and deodorant placed in or around clothing and other articles susceptible to damage from mold or moth larvae in order to protect them from this damage.

mother /ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌðɚ/ [ˈmɐðə(ɹ)] mothers n
mère maman
A female parent, sometimes especially a human; a female who parents a child (which she has given birth to, adopted, or fostered).
mycoderme mère de vinaigre mère
Something that is the greatest or most significant of its kind. (See mother of all.)
mycoderme mère de vinaigre
Dregs, lees; a stringy, mucilaginous or film- or membrane-like substance (consisting of acetobacters) which develops in fermenting alcoholic liquids (such as wine, or cider), and turns the alcohol into acetic acid with the help of oxygen from the air.
A disc produced from the electrotyped master, used in manufacturing phonograph records.

mother /ˈmʌðə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌðɚ/ [ˈmɐðə(ɹ)] v
materner
(transitive) To treat as a mother would be expected to treat her child; to nurture.

mother hen mother hens n
mère poule
(idiomatic) An outspoken and overprotective woman or person dealing with others' affairs; especially, an assertive matriarch.

mother lode mother lodes n
filon principal
(geology) A large or rich vein of gold or of another precious mineral from which other branches extend.

mother of the nation mothers of the nation n
mère de la nation

mother ship /ˈməðər ʃɪp/ mother ships n
navire amiral vaisseau mère
A vessel or aircraft that serves or carries a smaller vessel or vessels that operate independently from it.

mother superior mother superiors mothers superior n
mère supérieure
A nun in charge of a priory or convent; either a prioress or an abbess.

mother tongue /ˈmʌð.ə ˌtʌŋ/ /ˈmʌð.ɚ ˌtʌŋ/ mother tongues n
langue maternelle
The language one first learned; the language one grew up with; one's native language.

mother-in-law /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɑː/ /ˈmʌ.ðəɹ.ɪnˌlɔː/ mother-in-laws mothers-in-law n
belle-mère
The mother of one's spouse.

mother-of-pearl /ˌmʌðəɹ əv ˈpɜː(ɹ)l/ mother-of-pearls n
nacre
The hard pearly inner layer of certain mollusk shells; nacre.

mother-to-be mothers-to-be n
future mère
A woman whose partner is pregnant.

motherboard /ˈmʌðɚˌbɔɹd/ motherboards n
carte mère carte de fond de panier carte principale
(computer hardware) The primary circuit board of a personal computer, containing the circuitry for the central processing unit, keyboard, mouse and monitor, together with slots for other devices.

motherese n
mamanais
Baby talk.

motherfucker /ˈmʌðəˌfʌkə/ /ˈmʌðɚˌfʌkɚ/ motherfuckers n
fils de pute connard connasse brassière enculé de ta mère
(vulgar) An extremely intense experience, often but not always negative.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in incest with their mother.
(vulgar, literally) One who engages in sex with a mother, not necessarily one's own.

motherfucking /ˈmʌðə(ɹ)ˌfʌkɪŋ/ adj
astie de fils de pute de putain de saloperie de tabarnak de
(vulgar) An intensifier, used in the same contexts as fucking, but more intense.

motherhood /ˈmə-/ /ˈmʌðəhʊd/ /ˈmʌðɚˌhʊd/ motherhoods n
maternité
The state of being a mother.

motherhouse motherhouses n
maison mère
The monastery from which the other 'houses' of a religious order or congregation were (directly or indirectly) founded, often eponymous.

motherland /ˈmʌð.ə.lænd/ /ˈmʌðɚˌlænd/ motherlands n
patrie
The country of one's ancestors.
The country of one's birth.

motif /moʊˈtiːf/ motifs n
motif
A recurring or dominant element; an artistic theme.
(music) A short melodic or lyrical passage that is repeated in several parts of a work.
A decorative figure that is repeated in a design or pattern.
(biochemistry) In a nucleotide or aminoacid sequence, pattern that is widespread and has, or is conjectured to have, a biological significance.

motile /ˈməʊtaɪl/ more motile most motile adj
motile
(physiology) In organs: having the power to move their contents, or to change their shape or tension by writhing or contracting as required by their particular physiological functions.

motility motilities n
motilité
(uncountable) The state of being motile (moving)

motion /ˈmoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈməʊ.ʃən/ motions n
mouvement
(uncountable) A state of progression from one place to another.
(philosophy) from κίνησις (kinesis); any change. Traditionally of four types: generation and corruption, alteration, augmentation and diminution, and change of place.
motion
(countable) A parliamentary action to propose something. A similar procedure in any official or business meeting.

motion capture motion captures n
capture de mouvement
The use of sensors to track and record the position, velocity, acceleration and impulse of a movement.

motion sickness n
cinétose mal des transports cinépathie nausée
A feeling of nausea or dizziness caused by a disagreement between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement; typically resulting from travel in a vehicle such as a ship or car.

motionless /ˈmoʊʃənlɛs/ /ˈməʊʃənlɛs/ adj
immobile
At rest, stationary, immobile, not moving.

motivate /ˈmoʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ /ˈmoʊ.ɾəˌveɪt/ /ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt/ v
motiver
(transitive) To animate; to propel; to cause to take action

motivated more motivated most motivated adj
motivé
Enthusiastic, especially about striving toward a goal.

motivation motivations n
motivation
Willingness of action especially in behavior.
Something which motivates.
An incentive or reason for doing something.

motivational more motivational most motivational adj
incitatif motivationnel
Tending or intended to motivate.

motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/ /ˈməʊtɪv/ adj
moteur
Causing motion; having power to move, or tending to move
mobile mouvant
Relating to motion and/or to its cause

motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/ /ˈməʊtɪv/ motives n
motif mobile
(law) Something which causes someone to want to commit a crime; a reason for criminal behaviour. [from 18th c.]
motif
(architecture, fine arts) A motif. [from 19th c.]
motif thème
(music) A motif; a theme or subject, especially one that is central to the work or often repeated. [from 19th c.]

motive /ˈmoʊtɪv/ /ˈməʊtɪv/ v
motiver
(transitive) To prompt or incite by a motive or motives; to move.

motive power motive powers n
force motrice
(sometimes, figurative) The power that enables something to move.

motley /ˈmɑtli/ /ˈmɒtli/ more motley most motley motlier motliest adj
hétéroclite
Comprising greatly varied elements, to the point of incongruity.
bigarré
Having many colours; variegated.

motmot motmots n
motmot
Any bird in the taxonomic family Momotidae, endemic to the neotropics.

motocross motocrosses n
motocross
(sports, motorcycling) A form of off-road motorbike racing.

motor /ˈmoʊtəɹ/ /ˈməʊtə/ [ˈmoʊɾɚ] motors n
moteur
A machine or device that converts other energy forms into mechanical energy, or imparts motion.

motor home motor homes n
camping-car
A type of recreational vehicle, a self-propelled structure built on a truck or bus chassis containing living accommodations.

motor racing n
courses d'automobiles
Racing in motor vehicles, such as cars, motorboats, or motorbikes.

motor scooter motor scooters n
scooter scouteur
A small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.

motor unit motor units n
unité motrice
(neurology) A neuron with its associated muscle fibres.

motor vehicle motor vehicles n
véhicule automobile véhicule à moteur
Any land-based means of transportation in the form of a machine that operates primarily through a motor to provide power to rotate the tires.

motorboat /ˈmoʊtəˌboʊt/ /ˈməʊtəˌbəʊt/ motorboats n
canot automobile bateau à moteur
(nautical) Any vessel driven by an engine (either inboard or outboard), but especially a small one.

motorcade /ˈməʊtə(ɹ)ˌkeɪd/ /ˌməʊtə(ɹ)ˈkeɪd/ motorcades n
cortège motorisé
A procession of cars carrying VIPs, especially political figures.

motorcycle /ˈmoʊtɚˌsaɪkəl/ /ˈməʊtəˌsaɪkəl/ [ˈmoʊɾɚˌsaɪkl̩] motorcycles n
moto motocyclette motocycle
An open-seated motor vehicle with handlebars instead of a steering wheel, and having two (or sometimes three) wheels.

motorcycle sport n
motocyclisme
The sport of racing with motorcycles.

motorcyclist motorcyclists n
motocycliste
Someone who rides a motorcycle.

motoring motorings n
automobilisme
The act of operating a motorized vehicle; especially, driving a car (motorcar).

motorist motorists n
automobiliste
One who drives a motor vehicle.

motorization motorizations n
motorisation
The act of motorizing something.

motormouth motormouths n
verbomoteur verbomotrice
(informal) One who talks very fast or incessantly; a chatty or loquacious person.

motorway /ˈməʊtəweɪ/ motorways n
autoroute
(In Europe, New Zealand and parts of Australia) A highway with grade-separated crossings (rather than level crossings) and designed (and only permitted) for high-speed motor-traffic (in Europe motor vehicles with a higher speed limit than 40 km/h) running in two directions on one separate carriageway each

mottled /ˈmɑt əld/ more mottled most mottled adj
tacheté marbré
Colored in patches; spotted.

mottled duck mottled ducks n
canard brun
A medium-sized dabbling duck, Anas fulvigula.

motto /ˈmɑ.toʊ/ /ˈmɒ.təʊ/ mottoes mottos n
devise
(heraldry) A sentence, phrase, or word, forming part of an heraldic achievement.
A sentence, phrase, or word, prefixed to an essay, discourse, chapter, canto, or the like, suggestive of its subject matter; a short, suggestive expression of a guiding principle; a maxim.

mouflon /ˈmuːf.lɑːn/ /ˈmuːf.lɒn/ mouflons n
mouflon
A species of wild sheep, Ovis orientalis musimon, syn. Ovis aries musimon, endemic to Sardinia and Corsica. [from c. 1770]

mouldboard mouldboards n
versoir
A curved blade on a plough that serves to turn over the furrow.

mouldy /ˈmoʊldi/ more mouldy most mouldy mouldier mouldiest adj
moisi
Covered with mould.

moulin /ˈmuːlæn/ moulins n
moulin
(geology) A cylindrical, vertical shaft that extends through a glacier and is carved by meltwater from the glacier’s surface.

moult /moʊlt/ /mɒlt/ /məʊlt/ moults n
mue
The skin or feathers cast off during the process of moulting.

moult /moʊlt/ /mɒlt/ /məʊlt/ v
muer
(intransitive) To shed or lose a covering of hair or fur, feathers, skin, horns, etc, and replace it with a fresh one.
(transitive) To shed in such a manner.

mound /maʊnd/ mounds n
monticule butte
An artificial hill or elevation of earth; a raised bank; an embankment thrown up for defense
tertre
A natural elevation appearing as if thrown up artificially; a regular and isolated hill, hillock, or knoll.
monticule
(baseball) Elevated area of dirt upon which the pitcher stands to pitch.

mound /maʊnd/ v
butter
(transitive) To fortify with a mound; add a barrier, rampart, etc. to.

mound royal mounds royal n
monde

mount /maʊnt/ [maʊnt] [maʊnʔ] [mãʊ̃(n)ʔ] mounts n
monture
An animal, usually a horse, used to ride on (unlike a draught horse).
éminence
(palmistry) Any of seven fleshy prominences in the palm of the hand, taken to represent the influences of various heavenly bodies.
cavalier
(obsolete) A rider in a cavalry unit or division.
monture support
A signal for mounting a horse.

mount /maʊnt/ [maʊnt] [maʊnʔ] [mãʊ̃(n)ʔ] v
chevaucher enfourcher
(transitive) To place oneself on (a horse, a bicycle, etc.); to bestride.
monter s'élever grimper sauter
(obsolete, transitive) To cause (something) to rise or ascend; to drive up; to raise; to elevate; to lift up.
élever
(intransitive, rare) To rise on high; to go up; to be upraised or uplifted; to tower aloft; to ascend; often with up.
monter
(transitive, computing) To attach (a drive or device) to the file system in order to make it available to the operating system.
augmenter progresser
(intransitive, sometimes, with up) To increase in quantity or intensity.
sauter se cogner se taper
(transitive) To have sexual intercourse with someone.
lancer
(transitive) To begin (a campaign, military assault, etc.); to launch.

mountain /ˈmaʊn.tən/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn/ [ˈmaʊn.tn̩] [ˈmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩] mountains n
montagne mont
(countable) An elevation of land of considerable dimensions rising more or less abruptly, forming a conspicuous figure in the landscape, usually having a small extent of surface at its summit. [from 12th c.]
montagne
(countable) Something very large in size or quantity; a huge amount; a great heap. [from 15th c.]

mountain bike mountain bikes n
vélo tout terrain VTT
(cycling) A bicycle specially designed for off-road riding, typically with straight, flat handlebars, a heavier frame than road bikes, higher ground clearance, and wider tires, sometimes with knobs on them for greater traction.

mountain buzzard mountain buzzards n
buse montagnarde
Buteo oreophilus, a bird of prey endemic to East Africa.

mountain chain mountain chains n
chaîne de montagnes
(geography) A series of mountain ranges stretching across a continent.

mountain chickadee mountain chickadees n
mésange de Gambel
Poecile gambeli, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

mountain goat mountain goats n
chèvre des montagnes Rocheuses
A sure-footed goat antelope, Oreamnos americanus, of the North American mountains, having black curved horns and a shaggy coat.

mountain gorilla mountain gorillas n
gorille des montagnes
A subspecies of the eastern gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei

mountain guide mountain guides n
guide de haute montagne guide de montagne

mountain hare mountain hares n
lièvre variable
A Eurasian species of hare, Lepus timidus, found mainly in tundra regions. [from 19th c.]

mountain pass mountain passes n
col
A low point in a mountain range that allows travelers to cross the range.

mountain range mountain ranges n
cordillère chaine de montagnes
(geography) A series of adjoining mountains, often in a line.

mountain shrike mountain shrikes n
pie-grièche des Philippines
Lanius validirostris, a small bird endemic to the Philippines.

mountain wagtail mountain wagtails n
bergeronnette à longue queue
Motacilla clara, a species of wagtail of the family Motacillidae from sub-Saharan Africa

mountain zebra mountain zebras n
zèbre de montagne zèbre vrai
A species of zebra, native to South-western Angola, Namibia and South Africa, (Equus zebra)

mountaineer /ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪə̯(ɹ)/ /ˌmaʊn.tɪnˈɪɹ/ [ˌmãʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ] [ˌmæ̃ʊ̯̃(n)ʔn̩ˈiəɹ] mountaineers n
montagnard montagnarde
(now, rare) A person who lives in a mountainous area (often with the connotation that such people are outlaws or uncivilized). [from 16th c.]
alpiniste
A person who climbs mountains for sport or pleasure. [from 19th c.]

mountaineering mountaineerings n
alpinisme
The sport of climbing mountains.

mountainous /ˈmaʊn.tən.əs/ /ˈmaʊn.tɪn.əs/ [-ʔn̩-] [ˈmæʊn.tn̩.əs] [ˈmæ̃ʊ̃(n)-] more mountainous most mountainous adj
montagneux
Having many mountains; characterized by mountains; of the nature of a mountain; rough (terrain); rocky.

mountainousness n
état montagneux
The quality of being mountainous.

mounted /ˈmaʊntɪd/ adj
à cheval
On horseback.

mounted police /ˈmaʊntɪd pəˈliːs/ n
police montée
A unit of the civil police who are specifically trained to serve duty on horseback. Their duties can be ceremonial, or often for crowd control, and to police areas of difficult access or wilderness areas.

mourn /mo(ː)ɹn/ /moən/ /moɹn/ /mɔːn/ /mʊən/ /mʊɹn/ [ˈmo̞ɹn] v
porter le deuil déplorer
(ambitransitive) To express sadness or sorrow for; to grieve over (especially a death).

mournful /ˈmo(ː)ɹnfəl/ /ˈmoənfəl/ /ˈmɔɹnfəl/ /ˈmɔːnfəl/ more mournful most mournful mournfuller mournfullest adj
funèbre affligé chagrin lugubre morne mélancolique
Filled with grief or sadness; being in a state in which one mourns.

mourning /ˈmo(ː)ɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmoənɪŋ/ /ˈmoɹnɪŋ/ /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/ /ˈmʊənɪŋ/ /ˈmʊɹnɪŋ/ [ˈmo̞ɹnɪŋ] mournings n
deuil
The act of expressing or feeling sorrow or regret; lamentation.
Feeling or expressing sorrow over someone's death.
The traditional clothes worn by those who mourn (in Western societies, typically coloured black).

mourning dove mourning doves n
tourterelle triste
A grey-coloured dove, Zenaida macroura, that has a mournful call, native to North America

mouse /maʊs/ /maʊz/ /mʌʊs/ /mʌʊz/ mice n
souris
Any small rodent of the genus Mus.
A quiet or shy person.
(computing) (plural mice or, rarely, mouses) An input device that is moved over a pad or other flat surface to produce a corresponding movement of a pointer on a graphical display.

mouse /maʊs/ /maʊz/ /mʌʊs/ /mʌʊz/ v
fureter
(intransitive) To move cautiously or furtively, in the manner of a mouse (the rodent) (frequently used in the phrasal verb to mouse around).

mouse pad /ˈmaʊs.pæd/ mouse pads n
tapis de souris
(US, Australia, computing) A pad with surface used to enhance the movement of a computer mouse.

mouse wheel mouse wheels n
molette de souris
(computing) A hard plastic or rubbery disc on a computer mouse, rotated by the user in order to scroll the display.

mousehole mouseholes n
trou de souris
A hole through which a mouse enters a room.

mousekin /ˈmaʊskɪn/ mousekins n
souriceau
A baby mouse.

mouser /ˈmaʊsə(ɹ)/ /ˈmaʊzə(ɹ)/ mousers n
souricier
A cat that catches mice, kept specifically for the purpose. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

mousetrap /ˈmaʊsˌtɹæp/ mousetraps n
piège à souris souricière
(countable) A device for capturing or killing mice and other rodents.

mousse /muːs/ mousses n
mousse
An airy pudding served chilled, particularly chocolate mousse.

moustache /məˈstaːʃ/ /məˈstæʃ/ /məˈstɐːʃ/ /məˈstɑːʃ/ /məˈstɒʃ/ /ˈmʌstæʃ/ moustaches n
moustache bacchante charmeuses
A growth of facial hair between the nose and the upper lip.

moustached /məˈstɑːʃt/ /ˈmʌstæʃt/ adj
moustachu
Having a moustache.

moustachioed adj
moustachu
(of a man or his face) Possessing a moustache or moustachio.

mouth /maʊð/ /maʊθ/ /mʌʊθ/ [məʊθ] mouths n
bouche gueule goule góll
(anatomy) The opening of a creature through which food is ingested.
embouchure
The end of a river out of which water flows into a sea or other large body of water.
embouchure bouche
An outlet, aperture or orifice.

mouth off v
se plaindre
(intransitive, slang) To complain or otherwise express oneself in a loud, immoderate manner.

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation mouth-to-mouth resuscitations n
bouche-à-bouche

mouthful mouthfuls mouthsful n
bouchée gorgée
The amount that will fit in a mouth.

mouthguard mouthguards n
protège-dent
A device that fits into the mouth over one or both arches of teeth, which is usually made of plastic. They may be used to protect aginst injury during sport or fighting, or may serve a medical purpose.

mouthing mouthings n
labialisation
The act of forming a shape with the mouth, especially as part of sign language.

mouthpart mouthparts n
pièce buccale
(usually, in plural) An appendage-like structure on the outside of an insect's or other arthropod's mouth, serving to manipulate and masticate food.

mouthpiece /ˈmaʊθˌpiːs/ mouthpieces n
embouchure
The part of a wind instrument that is held in or against the mouth.
micro microphone
The part of a telephone that is held close to the mouth.
porte-parole porte-paroles
A spokesman; one who speaks on behalf of someone else.

mouthwash mouthwashes n
bain de bouche gargarisme
A liquid used to clean one's mouth.

mouthwatering more mouthwatering most mouthwatering adj
appétissant alléchant
That is pleasing to the sense of taste; appetizing; that makes one salivate.

movable nu movable nus n
nu éphelcystique

movable type movable types n
imprimerie à caractères mobiles
A system of printing and typography that uses movable components such as individual letters or punctuation to reproduce the elements of a document.

move /muːv/ moves n
déménagement
The event of changing one's residence.
déménagement mouvement coup
(board games) The act of moving a token on a gameboard from one position to another according to the rules of the game.

move /muːv/ v
déménager partir partir s'installer s'installer
inciter bouger
(intransitive) To act; to take action; to begin to act
bouger déplacer mouvoir se déplacer
(transitive, ergative) To cause to change place or posture in any manner; to set in motion; to carry, convey, draw, or push from one place to another
émouvoir bouger
(transitive) To arouse the feelings or passions of; especially, to excite to tenderness or compassion, to excite (for example, an emotion).
bouger déplacer
(transitive, obsolete) To mention; to raise (a question); to suggest (a course of action); to lodge (a complaint).

move away v
déménager

move heaven and earth v
remuer ciel et terre déplacer des montagnes
(idiomatic) To do whatever is necessary, including extreme or unusual actions; to go to extremes.

move house v
déménager

move in v
emménager
(intransitive) To start living or working in a new place; to transport one's belongings to a new home or workplace; to make one's home or workplace into a suitable environment.

move on v
passer à autre chose
(idiomatic, intransitive) To start dealing with something else.

move out v
déménager
(idiomatic, intransitive) To vacate one's place of residence or employment.

move with the times v
vivre avec son temps

movement /ˈmuːv.mənt/ movements n
mouvement
Physical motion between points in space.
A trend in various fields or social categories, a group of people with a common ideology who try together to achieve certain general goals
(music) A large division of a larger composition.

movie /ˈmuːvi/ movies n
film œuvre cinématographique
(chiefly, North America, AU) A recorded sequence of images displayed on a screen at a rate sufficiently fast to create the appearance of motion; a film.

movie star movie stars n
star de cinéma
A leading actor in a movie, especially one perceived as a celebrity.

moving /ˈmuːvɪŋ/ more moving most moving adj
touchant émouvant
Causing or evoking deep emotions.

moving spirit moving spirits n
âme
Someone who provides significant impetus or guidance in a given venture, movement, enterprise etc.

moving walkway moving walkways n
tapis roulant
(US) A slow conveyor belt that transports people horizontally or on an incline in a similar manner to an escalator.

mow /moʊ/ /məʊ/ v
faucher couper l'herbe tondre le gazon
(transitive) To cut down grass or crops.

mower /ˈmoʊ.ɚ/ /ˈməʊ.ə(ɹ)/ mowers n
faucheuse
A person who cuts grass.

moxa /ˈmɑksə/ /ˈmɒksə/ moxas n
moxa
A woolly material obtained from the dried leaves of an Asian species of mugwort, such as Artemisia argyi, as used in moxibustion.

moxibustion /ˌmɒksɪˈbʌst͡ʃən/ moxibustions n
moxibustion
(folk medicine) The burning of moxa against the skin to treat pain or illness.

moxie /ˈmɒksi/ n
tripes
Nerve, spunk, strength of character.

mozzarella /mut.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mɑt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mɒt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ /mʌt.sə.ˈɹɛl.ə/ mozzarellas mozzarelle n
mozzarella mozzarelle
Soft Italian cheese made from cow's or buffalo's milk and commonly used as a pizza topping and in salads etc.

mozzetta mozzettas mozzette n
mosette
A short cape worn by some Catholic clergy.

mu /mju/ /mjuː/ /muː/ mus n
mu
The 12th letter of the Modern Greek alphabet.

much /mʊt͡ʃ/ /mʌt͡ʃ/ more most adv
beaucoup
To a great extent.

much /mʊt͡ʃ/ /mʌt͡ʃ/ more most determiner
beaucoup
A large amount of. [from 13th c.]

much ado about nothing /mʌtʃ əˈduː əˈbaʊt ˈnʌθɪŋ/ phraseologicalUnit
beaucoup de bruit pour rien
(idiomatic) A lot of fuss or bother about something trivial.

much good may it do someone phraseologicalUnit
grand bien leur fasse grand bien lui fasse grand bien te fasse grand bien vous fasse

much of a muchness phraseologicalUnit
kif-kif bonnet blanc, blanc bonnet c’est du pareil au même
(idiomatic) Of two or more things, having little difference of any significance between them.

mucilaginous /ˌmjuːsɪˈlædʒɪnəs/ more mucilaginous most mucilaginous adj
mucilagineux
Of, pertaining to, or resembling mucus; slimy and viscous.

muck /mʊk/ /mʌk/ mucks n
boue gadoue
Slimy mud, sludge.
fumier
Soft (or slimy) manure.

muck in v
mettre la main à la pâte

muckraker muckrakers n
fouille-merde
(British, derogatory) A sensationalist, scandalmongering journalist, one who is not driven by any social principles.

mucoproteinuria n
mucoprotéinurie

mucormycosis /mju.kəɹ.maɪˈkoʊ.səs/ mucormycoses n
mucormycose
(pathology, mycology) Any fungal infection caused by fungi in the order Mucorales.

mucous /ˈmjuːkəs/ more mucous most mucous adj
muqueux
Pertaining to mucus

mucous membrane mucous membranes n
muqueuse
(anatomy) A membrane which secretes mucus. It forms the lining of various body passages that communicate with the air, such as the respiratory, genitourinary, and alimentary tracts including the mouth, nasal passages, vagina, and urethra.

mucus /ˈmjuːkəs/ muci mucuses n
mucus
(physiology) A slippery secretion from the lining of the mucous membranes.

mud /mʌd/ muds n
boue fange
A mixture of water and soil or fine grained sediment.
boue
(figuratively) Willfully abusive, even slanderous remarks or claims, notably between political opponents.

mud /mʌd/ v
embouer
(transitive) To make muddy or dirty; to apply mud to (something).

mud flap mud flaps n
bavette
A flap that hangs down behind a vehicle's wheel so that mud and other things kicked up by the wheel will hit the flap instead of a vehicle behind.

mud wrestling n
lutte dans la boue
A form of entertainment in which people wrestle in mud.

mudbrick /ˈmʌd.bɹɪk/ mudbricks n
brique crue
Adobe brick; unfired brick made from mud or clay mixed with straw.

mudded more mudded most mudded adj
boueux
Covered with mud.

muddiness muddinesses n
bouosité
The characteristic of being muddy.

muddle /ˈmʌd(ə)l/ /ˈmʌdl̩/ muddles n
confusion désordre pagaille
A mixture; a confusion; a garble.

muddle /ˈmʌd(ə)l/ /ˈmʌdl̩/ v
confondre embrouiller mélanger rendre confus
To mix together, to mix up; to confuse.

muddy /ˈmʌdi/ muddier muddiest adj
boueux vaseux
Covered or splashed with, or full of, mud.

muddy the waters v
brouiller les pistes noyer le poisson
(idiom) To make something unclear and difficult to understand.

mudflap mudflaps n
bavette
A rectangular flap mounted near the wheel of a motor vehicle (especially a truck) to prevent mud or rocks from being thrown up (by the wheel), either onto the body panels or into the path of vehicles following behind.

mudflat mudflats n
sèche
A muddy expanse of flat land, especially such land as a riverbed exposed at low tide.

mudguard mudguards n
garde-boue pare-boue
A cover over the wheels of a vehicle, or a flap behind that wheel, to prevent water and mud being projected.

mudra /muːˈdɹɑː/ /mʊˈdɹɑː/ mudras n
mudrâ
(dance, arts) Any of several formal symbolic hand postures used in classical dance of India and in Hindu and Buddhist iconography.

mudslide mudslides n
coulée de boue
A geological event in which viscous mud flows down an incline.

mudslinger mudslingers n
insulteur
One who casts aspersions or insults; especially a political candidate who makes negative statements about the opposition.

muesli /ˈmjuːsli/ /ˈmjuːzli/ mueslis n
muesli musli
A breakfast dish based on uncooked rolled oats and fruit.

muezzin /muˈɛ.zɪn/ muezzins n
muezzin
(Islam) The person who issues the call to prayer from one of the minarets of a mosque.

muff /mʌf/ muffs n
manchon
(historical) A piece of fur or cloth, usually with open ends, used for keeping the hands warm.
toison touffe
(vulgar, slang) Female pubic hair; female genitals (vulva, vagina), like muffin. See Thesaurus:vagina.

muffin /ˈmʌfɪn/ muffins n
muffin
(British) A type of flattish bun, usually cut in two horizontally, toasted and spread with butter, etc, before being eaten; an English muffin.
A cupcake-shaped baked good (for example of cornbread, banana bread, or a chocolate dough), sometimes glazed but typically without frosting, eaten especially for breakfast (in contrast to a cupcake, which is a dessert).

muffing n
muffing

muffle /mʌfl̩/ v
couvrir emmitoufler
(transitive) To wrap (a person, face etc.) in fabric or another covering, for warmth or protection; often with up.
assourdir étouffer
(transitive, dated) To prevent seeing, or hearing, or speaking, by wraps bound about the head; to blindfold; to deafen.

muffler /ˈmʌflɚ/ mufflers n
pot d'échappement silencieux d'échappement
(US, automotive) Part of the exhaust pipe of a car that dampens the noise the engine produces.

mufti /ˈmʊfti/ /ˈmʌfti/ muftis n
mufti
(countable, Islam) A Muslim scholar and interpreter of sharia law, who can deliver a fatwa.
tenue civile
(uncountable, AU, British, New Zealand) A civilian dress when worn by a member of the military, or casual dress when worn by a pupil of a school who normally would wear uniform.

mug /mʌɡ/ mugs n
mug chope couillon gogo pigeon poire
A large cup for beverages, usually having a handle and used without a saucer.A mug
bobine margoulette tronche gueule poire trogne
(slang, often, derogatory) The face.
couillon gogo pigeon poire
(slang, derogatory) A gullible or easily-cheated person.

mug /mʌɡ/ v
agresser détrousser
(transitive) To assault for the purpose of robbery.
faire des simagrées
(intransitive) To exaggerate a facial expression for communicative emphasis; to make a face, to pose, as for photographs or in a performance, in an exaggerated or affected manner.

mug shot mug shots n
photographie d'identité judiciaire portrait
A photograph taken of the head and shoulders, often from the front and in profile, usually taken in conjunction with somebody's arrest.

mugger /ˈmʌɡə/ /ˈmʌɡɚ/ muggers n
crocodile des marais
A large crocodile, Crocodylus palustris, of southwest Asia, having a very broad wrinkled snout.
agresseur
A person who makes exaggerated faces, as a performance; a gurner.

muggy /ˈmʌɡi/ muggier muggiest adj
humide étouffant
(of the weather, air, etc.) Humid, or hot and humid.

mugwort /ˈmʌɡwɜːt/ /ˈmʌɡwɝt/ mugworts n
armoise
Any of several aromatic plants of the genus Artemisia native to Europe and Asia.
armoise commune armoise
Artemisia vulgaris, traditionally used medicinally.

mujahid /mʊˈdʒɑːhɪd/ mujahideen mujahidin mujahids n
moudjahid mujâhid
(Islam) A Muslim engaging in jihad, especially armed jihad; a jihadist.

mujik /muːˈʒiːk/ /ˈmuː(d)ʒɪk/ mujiki mujiks n
moujik
A Russian (male) peasant. [from 16th c.]

mukhtar /ˈmʊktɑɹ/ /ˈmʊktɑː/ [ˈmʊx-] mukhtars n
moukhtar
(politics) A minor official—usually overseeing a village or town—in many Arab countries and (historical) in the Ottoman Empire and its successor states, including Turkey, Northern Cyprus, and formerly Albania.

mulatto /m(j)ʊˈlætəʊ/ /muˈlɑtoʊ/ mulattoes mulattos n
mulâtre café au lait mulâtresse
(historical, now, sometimes, pejorative) A person of mixed black and white descent, especially a person with one black and one white parent or two mulatto parents.

mulberry /ˈmʌlbəɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɛɹi/ /ˈmʌlbɹi/ mulberries n
mûre mûrier mure murier mûre écrasée
(countable) The fruit of this tree.
mûre écrasée
A dark purple colour tinted with red.

mulch /mʌlt͡ʃ/ mulches n
paillis paillage
(agriculture, horticulture) Any material used to cover the top layer of soil to protect, insulate, or decorate it, or to discourage weeds or retain moisture.

mulch /mʌlt͡ʃ/ v
pailler
(agriculture) To apply mulch.

mulching /mʌlt͡ʃɪŋ/ mulchings n
paillage
(agriculture) The act of preparing/applying a mulch.

mulct /mʌlkt/ v
mulcter verbaliser
To impose such a fine or penalty.

mule /mjuːl/ mules n
mulet mule
The generally sterile male or female hybrid offspring of a male donkey and a female horse.
mule
Any shoe with an upper covering the front of the foot but without a back flap or strap, leaving the heel exposed.
mule mulet
(slang) A person paid to smuggle drugs.

muleta muletas n
muleta
(bullfighting) A red flag used by bullfighters.

muleteer /ˌmjuːləˈtɪə(ɹ)/ muleteers n
muletier
A mule driver.

mull /mʌl/ v
réfléchir considérer gamberger ruminer
(usually with over) To work (over) mentally; to cogitate; to ruminate.

mullah /ˈmʊ.lə/ /ˈmʌ.lə/ mullahs n
mollah
(Islam) A religious scholar and teacher of sharia law.

mulled wine mulled wines n
vin chaud
Red wine with spices (e.g. cinnamon sticks, cloves and ginger) served hot.

mullein /ˈmʌlɪn/ mulleins n
molène
Any of a few hundred species of European and Asian plants, of the genus Verbascum, especially that majority that have yellow flowers. Some species have been introduced to other continents, where some are now seen as invasive pests. Some species, though far from all, have downy leaves, hence common names such as: "velvet plant". [from 14th c.]

mullet /ˈmʌlət/ /ˈmʌlɪt/ mullets n
mulet muge rouget
A fish of the family Mullidae (order Syngnathiformes), especially the genus Mullus (the red mullets or goatfish).
nuque longue coupe mulet mullet
A hairstyle where the hair is kept short on the top and sides and long at the back.

mullion /ˈmʌliən/ mullions n
meneau
(architectural element) A vertical bar between the panes of glass or casements of a window or the panels of a screen.

multi- /ˈmʌl.taɪ/ /ˈmʌl.ti/ prefix
multi-
Many; pertaining to many things.

multi-billion adj
multi-billion
Having more than 1,000,000,000; in the billion range.

multi-owner adj
multi-propriétaire
Of or pertaining to more than one owner.

multibillion /ˌmʌltiˈbɪljən/ adj
multimilliard
having a value of several billion (in general, at least two billion)

multibillionaire multibillionaires n
multimilliardaire
A person with a net worth of multiple billions, typically measured in US dollars.

multicellular adj
multicellulaire
(biology, of an organism) That has many cells, often differentiated in function.

multicellularity n
multicellularité
The condition of being multicellular.

multiclient adj
multiclient

multicolored /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌləd/ /ˈmʌltɪˌkʌlɚd/ more multicolored most multicolored adj
multicolore
(American spelling) Having multiple colors.

multicombustible adj
multicombustible

multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌlt͡ʃəɹəl/ more multicultural most multicultural adj
multiculturel
Relating or pertaining to several different cultures.

multiculturalism /ˌmʌltɪˈkʌltʃəɹəˌlɪz(ə)m/ multiculturalisms n
multiculturalisme
The characteristics of an organization, society, city etc. which has many different ethnic or national cultures mingling freely; political or social policies which support or encourage such coexistence. [from 20th c.]

multiculturalist adj
multiculturaliste
Pertaining to or advocating multiculturalism

multiculturalist multiculturalists n
multiculturaliste
An advocate of multiculturalism

multiculturality multiculturalities n
multiculturalité
The quality of being multicultural.

multidimensional adj
multidimensionnel pluridimensionnel
(mathematics) Having more than two dimensions.

multidirectional more multidirectional most multidirectional adj
multidirectionnel

multiethnic more multiethnic most multiethnic adj
multiethnique
Of, pertaining to, or consisting of several ethnic groups.

multifaceted more multifaceted most multifaceted adj
multifacette
Having multiple facets.

multigenerational more multigenerational most multigenerational adj
multigénérationnel

multihop adj
multi-saut
(networking) Proceeding in multiple hops

multihopping n
multi-saut
(networking) The transmission of data from multiple nodes of a mobile phone network to an individual mobile device simultaneously

multihull /ˈmʌltihʌl/ multihulls n
multicoque
A boat with two or more hulls.

multilateral adj
multilatéral
Having many sides or points of view.

multilateralism multilateralisms n
multilatéralisme
A system by which nations consult others in matters of foreign policy, by way of organisations such as the United Nations.

multilayer adj
multicouche
Any system of multiple layers, especially of multiple monolayers

multilevel /ˌmal.tiˈlev.əl/ /ˌmʌl.taɪˈlɛv.əl/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈlɛv.əl/ adj
multi-niveau multiniveau
Having several levels or floors.

multilinear form multilinear forms n
forme multilinéaire
(linear algebra, multilinear algebra) Given a vector space V over a field K of scalars, a mapping V k → K that is linear in each of its arguments;(more generally) a similarly multiply linear mapping M r → R defined for a given module M over some commutative ring R.

multilingual /ˌmʌltiˈlɪŋɡwəl/ more multilingual most multilingual adj
multilingue plurilingue
Of, relating to, or involving multiple languages.
polyglotte multilingue
(of a person) Able to communicate in a number of languages.

multilingualism multilingualisms n
multilinguisme plurilinguisme
the condition of being multilingual; the ability to speak multiple languages

multilocular more multilocular most multilocular adj
multiloculaire pluriloculaire

multimedia /məltiˈmiːdi.ə/ n
multimédia
The combined use of sound, video, and text to present an idea.

multimeter multimeters n
multimètre
An electronic measuring instrument that combines multiple functions; a combined voltmeter, ammeter and ohmmeter.

multimethod multimethods n
multiméthode
(object-oriented) A method that uses multiple dispatch, allowing various implementations to be called depending on the types of the arguments.

multimillion adj
multimillionnaire
Having several millions; costing or worth many millions of dollars, pounds, euros or some other currency.

multimillionaire multimillionaires n
multimillionnaire
A person whose net worth is multiple million dollars, pounds, euros or some other currency.

multinational adj
multinational
Of, or involving more than two nations (externally between countries or internally in a country).
(of a business organization) Operating, or having subsidiary companies in multiple countries (especially more than two).

multinational multinationals n
multinationale
A multinational company.

multinode adj
multi-nœud
Of or relating to multiple nodes.

multipack multipacks n
multipack

multipair adj
multipaire
Comprising more than one twisted pair.

multiparty adj
multipartite
(politics) Involving several different political parties.

multipartyism multipartyisms n
multipartisme pluripartisme

multiphysics n
multiphysique

multiplayer /ˌmʌl.tiˈpleɪ.əɹ/ [ˌmɐɫtiˈpl̥eɪ̯ə] [ˌmʌɫtiˈpl̥eɪ̯ɚ] adj
multijoueur
(games) Requiring or allowing multiple (or more than the usual two) players to play simultaneously

multiplayer /ˌmʌl.tiˈpleɪ.əɹ/ [ˌmɐɫtiˈpl̥eɪ̯ə] [ˌmʌɫtiˈpl̥eɪ̯ɚ] multiplayers n
multijoueur
(games, uncountable) The feature of a video game where multiple human players play simultaneously.
(in the plural) Video game players who play multiplayer games.

multiple /ˈml̩tɪpl̩/ /ˈmʌltɪpl̩/ adj
multiple
Having more than one element, part, component, or function, having more than one instance, occurring more than once, usually contrary to expectations (can be followed by a singular).

multiple /ˈml̩tɪpl̩/ /ˈmʌltɪpl̩/ multiples n
multiple
(mathematics) A whole number that can be divided by another number with no remainder.

multiple fruit multiple fruits n
fruit composé
(botany) A fruit that develops from the fusion of carpels from more than one flower, as for instance, a pineapple.

multiple inheritance n
héritage multiple
(programming, object-oriented) The ability to inherit from more than one superclass in a single subclass.

multiple myeloma multiple myelomas multiple myelomata n
myélome multiple
(pathology, oncology) A malignant neoplasm of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell that produces antibodies.

multiple orgasm multiple orgasms n
orgasme multiple

multiple rocket launcher multiple rocket launchers n
LRM lance-fusées multiple lance-roquettes multiple

multiple sclerosis n
sclérose en plaques
(pathology) A chronic disease of the brain and spinal cord characterized by changes in sensation, visual problems, weakness, depression, difficulties with coordination and speech, impaired mobility and disability.

multiple star multiple stars n
étoile multiple
(star) Multiple stars which form a stellar system, such that they orbit the point of equilibrium of their gravitational fields; a multiple star system.

multiple unit multiple units n
rame automotrice
(rail transport) A train consisting of one or more self-propelled cars capable of coupling with other units of the same or similar type and still being controlled from one cab.

multiple-choice question multiple-choice questions n
question à choix multiple
(education) A question where several answers are presented and the respondent must choose the correct one.

multiplex multiplexes n
complexe multisalles
(by extension) Ellipsis of cinema multiplex.; A large cinema complex comprising many (typically more than five, and often over ten) movie theatres or houses, showing rooms.

multiplex v
multiplexer
(computing) To combine several signals into one.

multiplexer multiplexers n
multiplexeur
A device that interleaves several activities; a switching device.

multiplexing multiplexings n
multiplexage

multiplicand /ˌmʌltəplɪˈkænd/ multiplicands n
multiplicande
(arithmetic) A number that is to be multiplied by another (the multiplier).

multiplication /ˌmʌltɪplɪˈkeɪʃən/ multiplications n
multiplication
(countable, arithmetic) A calculation involving multiplication.
The process of multiplying or increasing in number; increase.

multiplication sign multiplication signs n
signe de multiplication
(mathematics) Any symbol (in particular ×, * or ·) used to denote the operation of multiplication.

multiplication table multiplication tables n
table de multiplication
(arithmetic) A table showing the products of each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or, especially formerly, 12) with each of the integers from 1 to 10 (or 12).

multiplicity multiplicities n
multiplicité
The state of being made of multiple diverse elements.
A large indeterminate number.

multiplier /ˈmʌltɪˌplaɪəɹ/ [ˈmʌɫ.tɪ.ˌplaɪ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈmʌɫ.tɪ.ˌplaɪ.ɚ] multipliers n
multiplicateur
(arithmetic) A number by which another (the multiplicand) is to be multiplied.
(grammar) An adjective indicating the number of times something is to be multiplied.

multiply /ˈmʌltɪplaɪ/ v
multiplier
(transitive) To increase the amount, degree or number of (something).
(transitive, arithmetic, with by) To perform multiplication on (a number).
(intransitive) To grow in number.
(intransitive) To breed or propagate.
faire la multiplication multiplier
(intransitive, arithmetic) To perform multiplication.

multipolar /mʌltiˈpəʊlə/ more multipolar most multipolar adj
multipolaire
(physics, biology) Having more than two poles. [from 19th c.]
(politics) Of or relating to an international system in which a number of states wield most of the cultural, economic, and political influence. [from 20th c.]

multiprocessing /ˈmʌltiˌpɹɒsɛsɪŋ/ /ˈmʌltiˌpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/ n
calcul parallèle traitement parallèle
Computation using more than one processor.

multipurpose adj
multi-usages multifonction polyvalent à usages multiples
Designed or intended to fit more than one type of function or application; having multiple uses.

multiresistant more multiresistant most multiresistant adj
multirésistant
(medicine) Resistant to multiple drugs (especially to multiple antibiotics).

multisectoral adj
multisectoriel

multiset multisets n
multiensemble
(set theory) A generalized type of set in which multiple occurrences of an element are permitted.

multistage adj
multiétage
(rocketry, of a rocket) Composed of multiple detachable parts.

multitasking n
multitâche
(computing) The simultaneous execution of multiple tasks (programs) under the control of an interrupt-driven operating system.

multitenant adj
multi-locataire
Of or pertaining to more than one tenant.

multitude /ˈmʌltəˌt(j)ud/ /ˈmʌltɪtjuːd/ [-t͡ʃ-] multitudes n
multitude
A great amount or number, often of people; abundance, myriad, profusion.
The mass of ordinary people; the masses, the populace.

multiuser adj
multi-utilisateur

multivariate /ˌmal.tiˈveː.ɹi.æɪt/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈvæɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈvɛə.ɹi.eɪt/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈvɛɹ.i.eɪt/ /ˌmʌl.tiˈvɛː.ɹi.eɪt/ more multivariate most multivariate adj
multivariable multivarié
Having or involving multiple variables.

multiverse /ˈmʌltiːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈmʌltəˌvɝs/ /ˈmʌltɪˌvɜːs/ multiverses n
multivers
(physics, cosmology) The hypothetical group of all the possible universes in existence.

mum /mʌm/ mums n
maman
(UK, Ireland, Canada, New England, South Africa, India, Singapore) Mother.

mum's the word phraseologicalUnit
motus et bouche cousue
(idiomatic) Indicates that something is a secret and not to be divulged.

mumble /ˈmʌmbəl/ v
marmonner
(transitive, intransitive) To speak unintelligibly or inaudibly; to fail to articulate.

mummer /ˈmʌm.ə/ /ˈmʌm.ɚ/ mummers n
mime
A person who dons a disguising costume, as for a parade or a festival.
An actor in a pantomime; one who communicates entirely through gesture and facial expression.

mummery mummeries n
mommerie
(now, chiefly, historical) Mumming; disguising oneself to perform as a mummer, or to take part in some other festivities or performance. [from 15th c.]

mummification mummifications n
momification
The preserving of a dead body, by making it into a mummy.

mummify v
momifier
(intransitive) To become a mummy.

mummy /ˈmʌmi/ mummies n
maman
(chiefly, UK, New England, usually, childish) mother.
momie
(countable, by extension) A reanimated embalmed human corpse, as a stock character in horror films. [from 20th c.]

mummy brown /ˌmʌmi ˈbɹaʊn/ mummy browns n
brun de momie brun momie brun égyptien jaune de momie
(painting, historical) A brown pigment originally prepared from the ground-up remains of Egyptian animal or human mummies mixed with bitumen, etc. [from 19th c.]

mumps n
oreillons parotidite
(pathology) A contagious disease caused by the Mumps virus of the genus Rubulavirus, mostly occurring in childhood, which causes swelling of glands in the face and neck.

munchies /ˈmʌnt͡ʃiz/ n
foncedalle
(slang, with the definite article) Hunger, especially a craving for food as a result of cannabis or alcohol consumption.

mundane /mʌnˈdeɪn/ mundaner mundanest adj
prosaïque
mondain profane mondaine
Worldly, earthly, profane, vulgar as opposed to heavenly.
ordinaire
Ordinary; not new.
ennuyeuse ennuyeux ordinaire
Tedious; repetitive and boring.

mung bean /ˈmʊŋ ˌbiːn/ /ˈmʌŋ ˌbiːn/ mung beans n
haricot mungo ambérique verte
The seed of Vigna radiata, native to South Asia.

municipal /mjuˈnɪsɪpəl/ more municipal most municipal adj
municipal
Of or pertaining to a municipality (a city or a corporation having the right of administering local government).

municipality /mjʊˌnɪsɪˈpælɪti/ municipalities n
municipalité commune
A district with a government that typically encloses no other governed districts; a borough, city, or incorporated town or village.

munificence /mjuːˈnɪfɪsəns/ munificences n
générosité munificence
The quality of being munificent; generosity.

muntin muntins n
croisillon
(architectural element) One of the separators between panes of glass in a composite window.

muntjac /ˈmʌntd͡ʒæk/ /ˈmʌntd͡ʒɑːk/ muntjacs n
muntjac
Any of various species of east Asian deer of the genus Muntiacus, having short antlers and a barking call.

muon /ˈmjuːɒn/ muons n
muon
(physics) An unstable elementary particle in the lepton family, having similar properties to the electron but with a mass 207 times greater.

muonic adj
muonique
Pertaining to, or composed of muons

mura /ˈmu.ɹə/ n
mura
Nonuniformity in the luminance of a display device.

mural /ˈmjɝəl/ /ˈmjʊəɹəl/ /ˈmjʊɹəl/ murals n
peinture murale
A large painting, usually drawn on a wall.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ murders n
meurtre assassinat homicide volontaire
(uncountable, legal, in jurisdictions which use the felony murder rule) The act of committing or abetting a crime that results in the killing of a person, regardless of intent, and even if the committer or abettor is not the one who killed the person: felony murder.

murder /ˈmɜːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.dɚ/ v
assassiner meurtrir occire
To kill (a person or persons) unlawfully, especially with predetermination
anéantir
(transitive, sports, figuratively, colloquial, hyperbolic) To defeat decisively.

murder weapon murder weapons n
arme du crime
A weapon used to commit a murder.

murderball n
rugby-fauteuil
Wheelchair rugby.

murderer /ˈmɜːdəɹə/ /ˈmɝdəɹɚ/ murderers murderess n
meurtrier meurtrière assassin assassine
A person who commits murder.

murderess /-ɹəs/ /mɜːdəˈɹɛs/ /ˈmɜːdəɹɪs/ /ˈmɜːdɹɪs/ /ˈmɝdəɹəs/ murderer murderesses n
meurtrière
a woman who commits murder.

murderous /ˈmɜːdəɹəs/ /ˈmɜːdɹəs/ /ˈmɝdəɹəs/ /ˈmɝdɹəs/ more murderous most murderous adj
meurtrier
Of a person: intending or likely to commit murder; bloodthirsty, homicidal.
(often, figuratively) Of an object: used to commit murder; capable of causing death; deadly, fatal.

murine /ˈmjʊəɹaɪn/ more murine most murine adj
murin
More generally, of, pertaining to, or characteristic of any rodent up to the taxonomic rank of Muroidea, most often with reference to mice and rats of the subfamily Murinae.

murky /ˈmɜː(ɹ)ki/ murkier murkiest adj
sombre trouble
Hard to see through, as a fog or mist.

murmur /ˈmɜː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.mɚ/ murmurs n
murmure rumeur
(countable, uncountable) Any low, indistinct sound, like that of running water.
A muttered complaint or protest; the expression of dissatisfaction in a low muttering voice; any expression of complaint or discontent.
murmure rumeur souffle
(cardiology, medicine) The sound made by any condition which produces noisy, or turbulent, flow of blood through the heart.

murmur /ˈmɜː.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈmɝ.mɚ/ v
murmurer
(intransitive) To speak or make low, indistinguishable noise; to mumble, mutter. [from 14th c.]

muscle /ˈmʌ.sl̩/ /ˈmʌ.səl/ muscles n
muscle
(uncountable) A contractile form of tissue which animals use to effect movement.
(countable) An organ composed of muscle tissue.
(uncountable, figurative) Strength, force.

muscle memory muscle memories n
mémoire musculaire
The physiological adaptation of the body to repetition of a specific physical activity, resulting in increased neuromuscular control when performing that activity again.

muscle relaxant muscle relaxants n
myorelaxant
Any drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone.

muscle tone n
tonus musculaire
(physiology) The continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles, which helps maintain posture.

musclebound more musclebound most musclebound adj
raide

muscleman musclemen n
armoire à glace musclor
(bodybuilding) A man with developed muscles.

muscovite muscovites n
muscovite
(mineral) A pale brown mineral of the mica group, being a basic potassium aluminosilicate with the chemical formula KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH,F)2; used as an electrical insulator etc.

muscular /ˈmʌ.skjəl.ɚ/ /ˈmʌ.skjʊl.ə/ more muscular most muscular adj
musculaire
(relational) Of, relating to, or connected with muscles.
musclé musculeux
Brawny, thewy, having strength.
musculeux musclé
Having large, well-developed muscles.

muscular dystrophy muscular dystrophies n
dystrophie musculaire
(pathology) A group of genetic diseases which cause progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.

musculature musculatures n
musculature
The collection of all muscles in a single body or in a single organ.

musculocutaneous adj
musculo-cutané
(anatomy) Pertaining to muscles and skin.

musculotropic more musculotropic most musculotropic adj
musculotrope
(pharmaceutical effect) Acting on muscle tissue, particularly with a stimulating effect.

muse /mjuz/ /mjuːz/ muses n
muse égérie
(of people) A source of inspiration.

muse /mjuz/ /mjuːz/ v
songer
(intransitive) To become lost in thought, to ponder.

musette /mjuˈzɛt/ /mjuːˈzɛt/ /mjʊ-/ musettes n
musette
(by extension) A pastoral air or tune that has a drone imitating such an instrument; also, a dance performed to this music. [from 18th c.]
(historical) An organ stop using reed pipes with cone-shaped resonators, found in organs in France in the 17th and 18th centuries. [from 19th c.]
(historical) Any of various small bagpipes having a soft sound, especially with a bellows, which were popular in France in the 17th and early 18th century. [from 14th c.]
A small oboe without a cap for its reed, which evolved from the chanter or pipe of bagpipes; a piccolo oboe. [from 19th c.]
(chiefly, US, originally, military) In full musette bag: a small bag or knapsack with a shoulder strap, formerly used by soldiers, and now (cycling) chiefly by cyclists to hold food and beverages or other items. [from 20th c.]

museum /mjuˈziəm/ /mjuˈzæm/ /mjuːˈziːəm/ /mjəˈziːəm/ [mjuˈzɛəm] musea museums n
musée
A building or institution dedicated to the acquisition, conservation, study, exhibition, and educational interpretation of objects having scientific, historical, cultural or artistic value.

mush /mʊʃ/ /mʌʃ/ interjection
dia hue
A directive given (usually to dogs or a horse) to start moving, or to move faster.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ mushrooms n
champignon
A fungus producing such fruiting bodies.

mushroom /ˈmʌʃˌɹuːm/ /ˈmʌʃˌɹʊm/ v
champignonner
(intransitive, figurative) To grow quickly to a large size or rapidly increase in scope or scale.
To gather mushrooms.

mushroom cloud mushroom clouds n
champignon atomique
A large cloud of smoke, flame and debris that rises into the sky as a result of a large explosion, especially after a nuclear explosion, characterized by a long shaft rising from the ground into a much-larger or more-spread-out top, reminiscent of a mushroom in shape.

mushy /ˈmʊ.ʃi/ /ˈmʌ.ʃi/ more mushy most mushy mushier mushiest adj
pâteux
Resembling or having the consistency of mush; semiliquid, pasty, or granular.
mou
Soft; squishy.
fleur bleue à l'eau de rose
Overly sappy, corny, or cheesy; maudlin.

music /ˈmjuzɪk/ /ˈmjuːzɪk/ musics n
musique
A series of sounds organized in time, usually employing some combination of harmony, melody, rhythm, tempo, etc., often to convey a mood.
(figuratively) Any interesting or pleasing sounds.
partition
A guide to playing or singing a particular tune; sheet music.

music box music boxes n
boîte à musique boîte-à-musique
A box that generates or plays music, particularly one using mechanical means rather than electronic, generally using a cylinder or disk containing the music.

music chart music charts n
Hit-parade
A ranking of music (songs, albums etc) according to popularity during a given period of time.

music of the spheres n
harmonie des sphères musique des sphères
A continuous, glorious, harmonious set of sounds that are not audible to ordinary human beings, said in ancient and medieval Western cosmology to be produced by the movement of the celestial bodies.

music school /ˈmjuːzɪkˌskuːl/ music schools n
école de musique académie de musique
A school whose main objective is teaching music.

music stand music stands n
pupitre
A stand made for holding pages or books of sheet music.

music therapy music therapies n
musicothérapie
Any of various supposed therapeutic uses of music.

music video music videos n
clip vidéoclip vidéo musicale
A short film integrating a song and imagery, produced for promotional or artistic purposes.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ more musical most musical adj
musical
Of, belonging or relating to music, or to its performance or notation.
musicien musicienne
Fond of music; discriminating with regard to music; gifted or skilled in music.

musical /ˈmju.zɪ.kəl/ musicals n
comédie musicale musical
A stage performance, show or film that involves singing, dancing and musical numbers performed by the cast as well as acting.

musical chairs n
chaises musicales
(games) A children's game in which players circle a group of chairs. There is one chair fewer than the number of players. When someone who is not watching stops playing music, everybody sits down, and the player left without a chair is eliminated.

musical instrument musical instruments n
instrument de musique
A device, object, contrivance or machine used to produce musical notes or sounds.

musical notation musical notations n
notation musicale
(music) A system that represents music through the use of written symbols.

musical saw musical saws n
scie musicale
(musical instrument) A musical instrument consisting of a thin sheet of metal, or sometimes a saw, usually played with a bow.

musical scale musical scales n
gamme
A set of musical notes, typically ordered in pitch.

musicality /ˌmju.zɪ.ˈkæ.lɪ.ti/ musicalities n
musicalité
The condition of being musical.

musically more musically most musically adv
musicalement
In a musical manner.

musician /mjuˈzɪʃən/ musicians n
musicien musicienne
A composer, conductor, or performer of music; specifically, a person who sings and/or plays a musical instrument as a hobby, occupation, or profession.

musicological adj
musicologique
Of or pertaining to musicology.

musicologist musicologists n
musicologue
One who studies musicology.

musicology /mjuːzɪˈkɒlədʒi/ musicologies n
musicologie
(music) the scholarly or scientific study of music, as in historical research, musical theory, or the physical nature of sound.

musing more musing most musing adj
pensif songeur
Absorbed in thought; contemplative

musing musings n
pensée
thought, meditation, contemplation

musique concrète n
musique concrète
A genre of music created by the electronic manipulation of sounds that occur naturally.

musk /mʌsk/ musks n
musc
A greasy secretion with a powerful odour, produced in a glandular sac of the male musk deer and used in the manufacture of perfumes.

musk ox musk oxen n
bœuf musqué
An Arctic mammal, Ovibos moschatus of the Caprinae subfamily of the family Bovidae, having a thick coat and long curved horns.

muskellunge /ˈmʌskəlʌnd͡ʒ/ muskellunge muskellunges n
maskinongé
A large freshwater gamefish of the pike family, native to the lakes and rivers of eastern and middle western North America; Esox masquinongy.

musket /ˈmʌskət/ /ˈmʌskɪt/ muskets n
mousquet
A kind of firearm formerly carried by the infantry of an army, originally fired by means of a match, or matchlock, for which several mechanical appliances (including the flintlock, and finally the percussion lock) were successively substituted; ultimately superseded by the rifle.

musketeer /ˈmʌskətə(ɹ)/ /ˈmʌskɪtə(ɹ)/ musketeers n
mousquetaire
(military) A foot soldier armed with a musket.
(military) In 17th- and 18th-century France, a member of the royal household bodyguard.

muskrat /ˈmʌskɹæt/ muskrats n
rat musqué
A large aquatic rodent (Ondatra zibethicus).

muslin /ˈmʌz.lɪn/ muslins n
mousseline
(textile) Any of several varieties of thin cotton cloth.

mussel /ˈmʌsəl/ mussels n
moule
Any of several groups of bivalve shellfish with elongated, asymmetrical shells.

must /məs(t)/ /ˈmʌst/ musts n
must obligation
Something that is mandatory or required.
moût mout
Fruit juice that will ferment or has fermented, usually from grapes.

must /məs(t)/ /ˈmʌst/ v
devoir
(modal, _, auxiliary, defective) To do as a requirement; indicates that the sentence subject is required as an imperative or directive to execute the sentence predicate, with failure to do so resulting in a failure or negative consequence.
(modal, _, auxiliary, defective) Used to indicate that something is very likely, probable, or certain to be true.

must not v
devoir ne pas
Used to indicate that something is forbidden.

must-have must-haves n
must
An item that one must own, or a feature that is essential to a service, etc.

mustard /ˈmʌstəɹd/ [ˈmas.təd] [ˈmɐs.təd] [ˈmʊs.təd] [ˈmʌs.tɚd] adj
moutarde
Of a dark yellow colour.

mustard /ˈmʌstəɹd/ [ˈmas.təd] [ˈmɐs.təd] [ˈmʊs.təd] [ˈmʌs.tɚd] mustards n
moutarde
The leaves of the mustard plant, used as a salad.
Dark yellow colour, the colour of mustard.
The tomalley of a crab, which resembles the condiment.

mustard gas mustard gases n
gaz moutarde ypérite
A highly cytotoxic vesicant, C4H8Cl2S, used in World War I that is known to cause skin burns, blisters, inflammation, edema, and potentially other respiratory effects.

mustard greens n
chou faux jonc moutarde brune moutarde indienne
Brassica juncea, a mustard plant with edible leaves, seeds, and stem.

mustard seed mustard seeds n
graine de moutarde cosse de moutarde
A small, round seed of the mustard plant.

mustelid mustelids n
mustélidé
Any carnivorous mammal of the diverse weasel family Mustelidae, which also includes badgers, otters, martens, mink and wolverines.

muster /ˈmʌs.tə/ /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ musters n
modèle
(obsolete) Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [15th–19th c.]

muster /ˈmʌs.tə/ /ˈmʌs.tɚ/ v
battre le rappel
(intransitive) To be gathered together for parade, inspection, exercise, or the like (especially of a military force); to come together as parts of a force or body. [from 15th c.]

musty /ˈmʌstɪ/ mustier mustiest adj
moisi
Having an odour or taste of mould; also (generally) , having a stale or unfresh odour or taste.

mutable /ˈmjuːtəbəl/ [ˈmjuːtəbl̩] more mutable most mutable adj
mutable
Changeable, dynamic, evolutive; inclined to change, evolve, mutate.

mutagen /ˈmjuːtəd͡ʒn̩/ mutagens n
mutagène
Any agent or substance that can cause genetic mutation.

mutagenicity mutagenicities n
mutagénicité pouvoir mutagène
(uncountable) The condition of being mutagenic.

mutant /ˈmju(t)n̩(t)/ /ˈmjuːtənt/ mutants n
mutant
(genetics) That has mutated, with one or more new characteristics from a mutation.

mutate /mjuːˈteɪt/ /ˈmju.teɪt/ v
muter
(intransitive) To undergo mutation.

mutating table mutating tables n
table mutante

mutation /mjuˈteɪʃən/ mutations n
mutation
Any alteration or change.
(genetics) Any heritable change of the base-pair sequence of genetic material.
(linguistics) An alteration in a particular sound of a word, especially the initial consonant, which is triggered by the word's morphological or syntactic context and not by its phonological context.

mutational adj
mutationnel
Of, pertaining to, or the result of mutation

mutatis mutandis /m(j)uˌtɑtəs m(j)uˈtɑndəs/ /m(j)uːˌtɑːtɪs muːˈtandɪs/ /mjuˌteɪtəs mjuˈtændəs/ adv
mutatis mutandis toutes proportions gardées toute proportion gardée
(especially, law) with the necessary changes being made; with the necessary modifications; with such changes as are necessary to ensure congruence

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ muter mutest adj
muet assourdi
Not having the power of speech; dumb. [from 15th c.]
muet muette silencieux mutique silencieuse
Silent; not making a sound. [from 15th c.]
Not giving a ringing sound when struck; said of a metal.

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ mutes n
muet muette
(obsolete, theatre) An actor who does not speak; a mime performer. [16th–19th c.]
A person who does not have the power of speech. [from 17th c.]
sourdine
(music) An object for dulling the sound of an instrument, especially a brass instrument, or damper for pianoforte; a sordine. [from 18th c.]

mute /mjuːt/ /mɪu̯t/ v
amuïr rendre muet rendre silencieux taire
(transitive) To silence, to make quiet.
mettre en silencieux amuïr couper le son mettre en sourdine
(transitive) To turn off the sound of.

mute h /mjuːt eɪtʃ/ mute h's n
h muet
(phonology) In the French language usage of the letter h at the start of a word which allows liaison with a preceding consonant.

mute swan mute swans n
cygne tuberculé cygne muet
A species of white plumaged swan, Cygnus olor, having a distinctive orange bill with a black tip, native to Eurasia and widely introduced elsewhere as an ornamental waterbird.

muteness mutenesses n
aphonie mutisme mutité
The characteristic of being mute.

mutex /ˈmjuːtɛks/ mutexes n
mutex exclusion mutuelle
(programming) An object in a program that serves as a lock, used to negotiate mutual exclusion among threads.

mutilate /ˈmjuː.tɪ.lət/ /ˈmjuː.tɪ.lɪt/ /ˈmjuː.tɪˌleɪt/ v
mutiler
To physically harm as to impair use, notably by cutting off or otherwise disabling a vital part, such as a limb.

mutilation mutilations n
mutilation
The act of mutilating or the state of being mutilated.

mutineer mutineers n
mutin
Someone who participates in mutiny.

mutinous more mutinous most mutinous adj
mutin séditieux
Likely to commit mutiny.

mutiny /ˈmju.tə.ni/ /ˈmjut.ni/ mutinies n
mutinerie révolte
An organized rebellion against a legally constituted authority, especially by seamen against their officers.

mutism /ˈmjuːtɪzəm/ mutisms n
mutisme
A psychological disorder in which the sufferer cannot speak in certain situations.

mutoscope mutoscopes n
mutoscope

mutt /mʊt/ /mʌt/ mutts n
cabot bâtard corniaud
A mongrel dog (or sometimes cat); an animal of mixed breed or uncertain origin.
con corniaud crétin imbécile
(chiefly, US, slang, derogatory) An idiot, a stupid person.

mutter /ˈmʌtə/ /ˈmʌtɚ/ mutters n
marmonnement marmottement
A repressed or obscure utterance; an instance of muttering.

mutter /ˈmʌtə/ /ˈmʌtɚ/ v
marmonner grommeler marmotter
To utter words, especially complaints or angry expressions, indistinctly or with a low voice and lips partly closed; to say under one's breath.
marmonner marmotter
To speak softly and incoherently, or with imperfect articulations.
feuler grogner râler
To make a sound with a low, rumbling noise.

muttering mutterings n
grommellement
Something that is muttered.

mutton /ˈmʌtn̩/ [ˈmʌʔn̩] muttons n
mouton
The meat of sheep used as food.

mutual /ˈmjuːt͡ʃuəl/ more mutual most mutual adj
mutuel
Having the same relationship, each to each other.
Reciprocal.
(Relating to a company, insurance or financial institution) Owned by the members.

mutual assured destruction n
destruction mutuelle assurée
(politics, public policy, military) The threat of massive retaliation using nuclear weapons should a potential enemy use them first, both sides being annihilated in the event of war.

mutual friend mutual friends n
ami commun amie commune
Someone who is a friend of two or more people, each of whom may not know each other.

mutual fund mutual funds n
fonds communs fonds mutuel
(finance) A form of collective investment in which money from many investors is pooled and invested in stocks, bonds, short-term money market instruments, or other securities under the direction of a fund manager.

mutual masturbation mutual masturbations n
masturbation mutuelle
A sexual activity in which two or more persons simultaneously masturbate themselves, usually while observing or otherwise communicating with one another.

mutualism /ˈmju.t͡ʃu.əˌlɪz.m̩/ /ˈmjuː.tʃʊ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ mutualisms n
mutualisme
(ecology) Any interaction between two species that benefits both; typically involves the exchange of substances or services.

mutuality mutualities n
mutualité
The property of being mutual.

mutually /-lɪ/ /-tʃwə-/ /ˈmjut͡ʃuəli/ /ˈmjuːtʃʊəli/ more mutually most mutually adv
mutuellement
in the same way, each to the other; reciprocally

mutually intelligible adj
intercompréhensible
(linguistics) Of two or more speech varieties, able to be understood by one another's speakers.

muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ muzzles n
museau
The protruding part of an animal's head which includes the nose, mouth and jaws.
muselière
A device used to prevent an animal from biting or eating, which is worn on its snout.

muzzle /ˈmʌzəl/ v
museler
(transitive, figuratively) To restrain (from speaking, expressing opinion or acting); to gag; to silence; to censor.

muzzle brake muzzle brakes n
frein de bouche
(firearms) A device placed at the muzzle of a firearm to reduce the recoil energy by redirecting the escaping gases.

my /maɪ/ /mi/ /mə/ /mɪ/ determiner
mon ma mes
Belonging to me.

my arse interjection
mon cul
(slang, Britain, Ireland, vulgar) Indicates incredulous disapproval, contradiction or disbelief.

my ass interjection
mon cul
(slang, vulgar) Indicates disapproval, disagreement, or disbelief, often with a tone of disregard, disdain, or disgust, referring to the buttocks.

my bad interjection
autant pour moi
(colloquial, idiomatic) My fault; mea culpa.

my blood type is ... phraseologicalUnit
mon groupe sanguin est …
Indicates the speaker's blood type.

my car has broken down phraseologicalUnit
ma voiture est en panne mon auto est en panne
(This entry is a translation hub.)

my eye interjection
mon œil
(idiomatic) Expression of disapproval, disregard, disdain, disgust, or disbelief.

my foot interjection
mon œil
(idiomatic) Indicates disapproval, disregard, disdain, disgust or disbelief.

my kingdom for a horse phraseologicalUnit
mon royaume pour un cheval
The speaker is willing to sacrifice anything to obtain a seemingly unimportant item that is invaluable at a critical moment.

my name is phraseologicalUnit
je m'appelle mon nom est ...
A common way to identify oneself.

my pleasure interjection
de rien tout le plaisir est pour moi ce fut un plaisir
A polite reaction to receiving thanks, meaning that the speaker enjoyed helping the listener.

mycelium /maɪˈsi.li.əm/ mycelia n
mycélium
The vegetative part of any fungus, consisting of a mass of branching, threadlike hyphae, often underground.

myco- /maɪ.koʊ/ /maɪ.kə/ /mʌɪ.kə(ʊ)/ prefix
myco-

mycocecidium mycocecidia n
mycocécidie

mycological adj
mycologique
Of or pertaining to mycology or to fungi

mycologist /maɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ mycologists n
mycologiste
A person who studies, professes or practices mycology.

mycology /maɪˈkɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /maɪˈkɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
mycologie
The study of fungi, in the wide sense.

mycosis /maɪˈkoʊsɪs/ mycoses n
mycose
(disease) An infection caused by a fungus.

mydriasis /maɪ-/ /mɪˈdɹaɪ ə sɪs/ mydriases n
mydriase

myelin /ˈmaɪəlɪn/ myelins n
myéline
(neuroanatomy) A white, fatty material, composed of lipids and lipoproteins, that surrounds the axons of nerves.

myelin sheath myelin sheaths n
gaine de myéline
(neuroanatomy) An envelope of myelin that surrounds nerve fibres.

myelo- prefix
myélo-

myeloblast myeloblasts n
myéloblaste
(biology) An immature cell of bone marrow that develops into a myelocyte.

myeloma myelomas myelomata n
myélome
(pathology, oncology) A malignant tumour arising from cells of the bone marrow, specifically plasma cells.

myelopathy myelopathies n
myélopathie
A disorder in which the tissue of the spinal cord is diseased or damaged.

myiasis /maɪ.ˈaɪ.ə.sɪs/ myiases n
myiase
(medicine) The infestation of a living vertebrate by maggots.

myna /ˈmaɪnə/ mynas n
mainate
One of the South and East Asian birds of the starling family Sturnidae.

myo- prefix
myo-
(medicine, biology) Muscle.

myocardial /maɪoʊˈkɑɹdi.əl/ /maɪəʊˈkɑːdi.əl/ adj
myocardique
(cardiology) Relating to the myocardium, the thick muscular wall of the heart.

myocarditis myocardites myocarditides myocarditises n
myocardite
(pathology, cardiology) Inflammation of the myocardium.

myocardium myocardia myocardiums n
myocarde
(anatomy, cardiology) The muscular substance of the heart; the middle of the three layers forming the outer wall of the human heart.

myoglobin myoglobins n
myoglobine
(protein) A small globular protein, containing a heme group, that carries oxygen to muscles.

myology /mʌɪˈɒlədʒi/ n
myologie

myoma /maɪˈoʊmə/ myomas myomata n
myome
(pathology) A tumor composed of muscle tissue, usually benign and commonly occurring in the uterus and the esophagus.

myometrium /ˌmaɪəʊˈmiːtɹiəm/ myometria n
myomètre
(anatomy) The smooth muscle forming the wall of the uterus.

myopathic adj
myopathique myopathe
Pertaining to myopathy

myopathy myopathies n
myopathie
(medicine) Any of several diseases of muscle that are not caused by nerve disorders

myope myopes n
myope
One who has myopia.

myopia /maɪˈoʊ.pi.ə/ /maɪˈəʊ.pɪ.ə/ myopias n
myope
(figurative) A lack of imagination, discernment or long-range perspective in thinking or planning.

myopic /maɪˈoʊpɪk/ /maɪˈɑpɪk/ /maɪˈɒpɪk/ more myopic most myopic adj
myope
Near-sighted; unable to see distant objects unaided.

myostatin /ˈmaɪəʊˌstætɪn/ myostatins n
myostatine
(protein) A protein that acts as an inhibitor to the growth of muscle tissue.

myriad /ˈmɪɹi.æd/ /ˈmɪɹi.əd/ adj
nombreux
(modifying a plural noun) Great in number; innumerable, multitudinous [from 18th c.]

myriad /ˈmɪɹi.æd/ /ˈmɪɹi.əd/ myriads n
myriade
(historical) Ten thousand; 10,000 [from 16th c.]
A countless number or multitude (of specified things) [from 16th c.]

myriagon /ˈmiɹiəɡɑn/ /ˈmɪɹɪəɡɒn/ myriagons n
myriagone

myriametre myriametres n
myriamètre

myriarch myriarchs n
myriarque
(historical, _, military) The commander of a Mongolian tomen.
(historical, _, politics) The governor of a myriarchy in Mongolian Tibet.
A ruler or commander over 10,000 people, particularly

myringitis n
myringite
(pathology) An inflammation of the eardrum.

myrmecology /ˌmɜː(ɹ)mɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
myrmécologie
(entomology) The study of ants.

myrmecophagous adj
myrmécophage
feeding on ants

myroblyte /ˈmɪɹəblaɪt/ myroblytes n
myroblyte
A saint whose relics or place of burial produce or are said to have produced the Oil of Saints ("an aromatic liquid with healing properties" or "holy water (very much like myrrh)") or the odour of sanctity.

myroblytic adj
myroblytique
Of or pertaining to myroblytes.

myrrh /mɜɹ/ [mɜː(ɹ)] [mɝ] myrrhs n
myrrhe
A red-brown resinous material, the dried sap of a tree of the species Commiphora myrrha, used as perfume, incense or medicine.

myrtle /ˈmɜːtl̩/ /ˈmɝtl̩/ [ˈmɝtɫ̩] [ˈmɝɾɫ̩] myrtles n
myrte
An evergreen shrub or small tree of the genus Myrtus, native to southern Europe and north Africa.

myself /maɪˈsɛlf/ pronoun
me m' moi-même
(reflexive pronoun) Me, as direct or indirect object the speaker as the object of a verb or preposition, when the speaker is also the subject. [from 9th c.]
Me (as the object of a verb or preposition). [from 10th c.]

mysophobe mysophobes n
mysophobe
A person with an abnormal fear of filth or dirt.

mysophobia mysophobias n
mysophobie

mystacial /mɪsˈteɪʃi.əl/ /mɪsˈteɪʃəl/ adj
mystaciale

mystagogue mystagogues n
mystagogue
A person who prepares an initiate for entry into a mystery cult, or who teaches mystical doctrines.

mysterious /məˈstɪɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪəɹi.əs/ /mɪˈstɪɹi.əs/ more mysterious most mysterious adj
mystérieux
Of unknown origin.

mystery /ˈmɪst(ə)ɹi/ mysteries n
mystère
Something secret or unexplainable; an unknown.
Someone or something with an obscure or puzzling nature.
(Catholicism) A particular event or series of events in the life of Christ.

mystery play mystery plays n
mystère
(performing arts) A medieval dramatic performance depicting events from Christian scriptures, especially events from the life of Jesus Christ.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ more mystic most mystic adj
mystique
Of, or relating to mystics, mysticism or occult mysteries; mystical.

mystic /ˈmɪstɪk/ mystics n
mystique
Someone who practices mysticism.

mystical /ˈmɪstɪkl̩/ /ˈmɪstɪkəl/ more mystical most mystical adj
mystique
Relating to mystics or mysticism.

mysticism /ˈmɪs.tɪˌsɪz.əm̩/ mysticisms n
mysticisme mystique
The beliefs, ideas, or thoughts of mystics.
A doctrine of direct communication or spiritual intuition of divine truth.

mystification mystifications n
mystification
The act of mystifying or the condition of being mystified.

myth /mɪθ/ myths n
mythe
A commonly-held but false belief, a common misconception; a fictitious or imaginary person or thing; a popular conception about a real person or event which exaggerates or idealizes reality.
An invented story, theory, or concept.

mythical /ˈmɪθɪkəl/ more mythical most mythical adj
mythique
Existing in myth.

mythicize /ˈmɪθɪˌsaɪz/ v
mythiciser mythifier mythiser

mythological /ˌmɪθəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
mythologique
Of, or relating to myths or mythology.
Legendary.

mythologize /mɪˈθɒlədʒʌɪz/ v
mythologiser

mythology /mɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /mɪˈθɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ mythologies n
mythologie
(countable, _, and, _, uncountable) The collection of myths of a people, concerning the origin of the people, history, deities, ancestors and heroes.
(countable, and, uncountable) A similar body of myths concerning an event, person or institution.

mythomania mythomanias n
mythomanie
A compulsion to tell lies and exaggerate the truth.

mythomaniac /ˌmɪθəʊˈmeɪniæk/ /ˌmɪθəˈmeɪniæk/ mythomaniacs n
mythomane mythomaniaque
Someone who suffers from mythomania.

mythomaniacal more mythomaniacal most mythomaniacal adj
mythomane mythomaniaque
Afflicted with mythomania.

myxobacterium myxobacteria n
myxobactérie
(biology) Any of many gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, of the phylum Myxobacteria, that form colonies of slime.

myxoma myxomas myxomata n
myxome
A tumor consisting of primitive connective tissue and mucous elements.

myxomatosis /ˌmɪksəməˈtəʊsɪs/ n
myxomatose
A usually fatal viral disease of rabbits, causing skin tumors.

mzungu /(ə)mˈzʊnɡuː/ mzungus wazungu n
mzoungou
(East Africa) A white person. [from 19th c.]

mâche n
mâche blanchette boursette clairette doucette mâche potagère
Valerianella locusta, a small dicot annual plant of the family Caprifoliaceae often cultivated as a salad green or herb.

ménage à trois /məˌnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /məˌnɑːʒeɪ ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /ˌmeɪnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ /ˌmɛnɑːʒ ɑː ˈt(ɹ)wɑː/ ménages à trois n
ménage à trois

métier /ˈmɛtjeɪ/ métiers n
métier
Any activity that is pursued as a trade or profession; a calling.

n- /ɛn/ prefix
n-

n-adic adj
n[[-adique]]
(grammar, logic) Having a valency of n.

n-butane /ɛnˈbjuːteɪn/ n
n-butane
(organic compound) The saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon (CH3(CH2)2CH3).

n-dimensional adj
n-dimensionnel
(mathematics) Having an arbitrary number of dimensions.

n-tuple n-tuples n
n-uple n-uplet
(mathematics) A tuple containing n terms.

n-word n-words n
mot en N
(euphemistic) The word nigger or nigga or nigra.

n/a adj
non applicable sans objet
not applicable
N/D non disponible
not available

na-na na-na boo-boo /ˈnæːnəˌnæːnə ˈbuːˌbuː/ phraseologicalUnit
lalalère nanananère nananère
(North America, idiomatic, colloquial, childish, pejorative, taunt, often) A taunt or putdown, typically used to indicate that the speaker believes he or she has beaten the listener in a competition or is better in some other way or in a general sense; or an expression of satisfaction that the listener has received some supposedly deserved minor punishment or misfortune (that is to say, schadenfreude). [c. mid 20th century?]

nab /næb/ v
choper pogner
(informal, transitive) To grab or snatch something.

nabob /ˈneɪbɑb/ /ˈneɪbɒb/ nabobs n
nabab
(historical) An Indian ruler within the Mogul empire.
(by extension) Someone of great wealth or importance.
(by extension) A person with a grandiose style or manner.

nabobship nabobships n
nababie
(historical) The rank or condition of a nabob.

nacelle /nəˈsɛl/ nacelles n
nacelle
A separate streamlined enclosure mounted on an aircraft to house, originally, an engine, and now also cargo or crew.

nadir /neɪˈdɪə(ɹ)/ /neɪˈdɪɚ/ /ˈneɪ.də(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪ.dɚ/ /ˈneɪˌdɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈneɪˌdɪɚ/ /ˈnæd.ɪə(ɹ)/ nadirs n
nadir fond
The point of the celestial sphere, directly opposite the zenith; inferior pole of the horizon; point of the celestial sphere directly under the place of observation.

nadiral /ˈneɪ.dɪɹəl/ adj
nadiral
Of, pertaining to or situated at a nadir.

naff all pronoun
que dalle
(chiefly, British, Ireland, slang) Nothing (variant of fuck all).

nag /neɪɡ/ /nɛɡ/ /ˈnæɡ/ nags n
rosse canasson carne haridelle rossinante
An old, useless horse.

naga /ˈnɑːɡə/ nagas n
nâga
(Indian mythology) A member of a class of semi-divine creatures, often taking the form of a very large snake and associated with water.

nagging more nagging most nagging adj
persistant
Causing persistent mild pain, or annoyance.

nah [næː] [nɑː] [nẽː] interjection
nan
(informal) No.

naiad /ˈnaɪæd/ /ˈnaɪəd/ /ˈneɪæd/ /ˈneɪəd/ naiades naiads n
naïade
(Greek mythology) A female deity (nymph) associated with water, especially a spring, stream, or other fresh water.

nail /neɪl/ [neɪ̯ɫ] nails n
ongle clou
The thin, horny plate at the ends of fingers and toes on humans and some other animals.
clou ongle
A spike-shaped metal fastener used for joining wood or similar materials. The nail is generally driven through two or more layers of material by means of impacts from a hammer or other device. It is then held in place by friction.
seize
An archaic English unit of length equivalent to 1⁄20 of an ell or 1⁄16 of a yard (2+1⁄4 inches or 5.715 cm).

nail /neɪl/ [neɪ̯ɫ] v
clouer
(intransitive) To drive a nail.
(transitive, slang) To expose as a sham.
(military) To spike, as a cannon.
choper
(slang) To catch.
envoyer
(transitive, slang) To accomplish (a task) completely and successfully.
toucher
(transitive, slang) To hit (a target) effectively with some weapon.
baiser emmancher fourrer
(transitive, vulgar, slang) Of a male, to engage in sexual intercourse with.

nail clipper nail clippers n
coupe-ongles
A mechanical device used to trim fingernails and toenails.

nail file nail files n
lime à ongles
A small file made of soft metal, or a board covered with fine sandpaper, for filing and shaping one's fingernails and toenails.

nail gun nail guns n
cloueur pistolet à clous
An electrically or pneumatically powered gun used to drive nails into a surface.

nail polish nail polishes n
vernis à ongles
A cosmetic lacquer applied to the fingernails or toenails.

nail polish remover nail polish removers n
dissolvant
A solvent used to remove nail polish, usually mostly acetone.

nail scissors n
ciseaux à ongles
Small, usually curved scissors for cutting the fingernails and toenails.

nailset nailsets n
[[chasse-clou]]
A tool used with a hammer for driving in nails, rather than striking the nail directly at the risk of damaging the surrounding surface.

naive /naɪˈiːv/ /nɑːˈiːv/ more naive most naive adj
naïf ingénu
Lacking worldly experience, wisdom, or judgement; unsophisticated.
naïf
(of art) Produced in a simple, childlike style, deliberately rejecting sophisticated techniques.

naked /ˈneɪkɪd/ /ˈnɛkɪd/ more naked most naked adj
nu
Bare, not covered by clothing.
(obsolete) Lacking some clothing; clothed only in underwear.
(of land, rocks, or plants) Barren, having no foliage, unvegetated.
nu tout nu
Glib, without decoration, put bluntly.

naked as a jaybird adj
nu comme un ver
(simile, colloquial) Stark naked; nude; especially, naked in a public setting and without embarrassment.

naked as the day one was born adj
nu comme un ver
Completely naked.

naked eye naked eyes n
œil nu
Eyesight, unaided by equipment such as a telescope or microscope.

naked mole rat naked mole rats n
rat-taupe nu

nakedness nakednesses n
nudité
The state or condition of being naked; nudity; bareness; defenselessness; undisguisedness.

namaste /ˈnʌməsteɪ/ namastes n
namasté
The traditional greeting when saying the word namaste, with folded hands and a slight bow.

namby-pamby more namby-pamby most namby-pamby namby-pambier namby-pambiest adj
gnangnan
Insipid and sentimental.

namby-pamby namby-pambies n
gnangnan
One who is insipid, sentimental, or weak.

name /neɪm/ names n
nom
Any nounal word or phrase which indicates a particular person, place, class, or thing.
Reputation.
A person (or legal person).

name /neɪm/ v
nommer dénommer
(ditransitive) To give a name to.
(transitive, Westminster system politics) To initiate a process to temporarily remove a member of parliament who is breaking the rules of conduct.
choisir préciser élire
(transitive) To mention, specify.
appeler identifier
(transitive) To publicly implicate by name.
nommer
(transitive) To designate for a role.

name brand name brands n
marque de fabrique marque déposée nom commercial
A product having such a mark or name.

name day name days n
fête fête du prénom
The feast day of the saint after whom one is named.

name names v
citer des noms
(idiom) To identify specific people, especially people involved in misdeeds or other secretive activity.

named /neɪmd/ /ˈneɪmd/ adj
nommé
Having a name.

named pipe named pipes n
canal nommé
(computing) An extension to the anonymous pipe concept on Unix and Unix-like systems, used for interprocess communication.

nameless adj
innomé sans nom
Not having a name; unnamed.

namely /ˈneɪmli/ adv
à savoir c'est-à-dire nommément
Specifically; that is to say.

namepiece namepieces n
objet éponyme

nameplate nameplates n
plaque
A plate or plaque inscribed with a name.

namesake /ˈneɪmseɪk/ namesakes n
homonyme
A person with the same name as another.

namespace /ˈneɪmspeɪs/ namespaces n
espace de noms espace de nom
(programming) A conceptual space that groups classes, identifiers, etc. to avoid conflicts with items in unrelated code that have the same names.

nametag nametags n
nominette
A tag with one's name inscribed on it.

naniq naniqs n
kudlik

nanite nanites n
nanite
(scifi) Synonym of nanorobot

nanny /ˈnæni/ nannies n
bonne d'enfants nounou nourrice
A child's nurse.

nanny state nanny states n
gouvernemaman état nounou état paternaliste
(pejorative) A state whose government institutions are authoritative and over-paternalistic, interfering with and controlling people's lives. [from mid-20th c.]

nano- /ˈnænoʊ/ /ˈnænəʊ/ prefix
nano-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−9 (short scale billionth or long scale milliardth). Symbol: n
Derived from the nanotechnology industry.
(diminutive) Very small.

nano-ohm nano-ohms n
nanoohm
(metrology) An SI unit of electrical resistance equal to 10−9 ohms. Symbol: nΩ

nanobel nanobels n
nanobel

nanobiotechnological adj
nanobiotechnologique
Of or relating to nanobiotechnology.

nanobiotechnology nanobiotechnologies n
nanobiotechnologie
Any of several forms of biotechnology employing devices on the nano scale

nanocanal nanocanals n
nanocanal

nanocandela nanocandelas n
nanocandela

nanocar /ˈnænoʊkɑɹ/ /ˈnænəʊkɑː/ nanocars n
nanovoiture

nanocephaly n
nanocéphalie

nanochip nanochips n
nanopuce

nanocode n
nanocode

nanoconductor nanoconductors n
nanoconducteur
A nanoscale conductor

nanocormia n
nanocormie

nanocoulomb nanocoulombs n
nanocoulomb

nanocrystal nanocrystals n
nanocristal
A crystalline entity whose size is measured in nanometers; an individual nanometer-sized crystal of such a material.

nanodiamond nanodiamonds n
nanodiamant
A nanoscale fragment of diamond

nanodisk nanodisks n
nanodisque
A nanoscale disk

nanodrug nanodrugs n
nanomédicament
A drug containing nanoparticles.

nanoelectrode nanoelectrodes n
nanoélectrode
A nanoscale electrode

nanoelectronic adj
nanoélectronique
(physics) Describing any electronic device constructed on the nano scale

nanoelectronvolt nanoelectronvolts n
nanoélectronvolt

nanofarad nanofarads n
nanofarad
(rare) (metrology) An SI unit of electrical capacitance equal to 10−9 farads. Symbol: nF

nanogram nanograms n
nanogramme

nanohenry nanohenries nanohenrys n
nanohenry

nanokatal nanokatals n
nanokatal

nanomanipulation n
nanomanipulation
The manipulation of nanoscale objects using nanotechnology.

nanomechanism nanomechanisms n
nanomécanisme
Any nanoscale mechanism.

nanomelia n
nanomélie

nanometre /ˈnænəˌmiːtə(ɹ)/ nanometres n
nanomètre
An SI subunit of length equal to 10-9 metres. Symbol: nm

nanometric adj
nanométrique

nanometrically adj
nanométriquement

nanomotor nanomotors n
nanomoteur

nanoparticle nanoparticles n
nanoparticule
Any microscopic particle less than about 100 nanometers (nm) in diameter.

nanoparticulate adj
nanoparticulaire
Composed of nanoparticles

nanophanerophyte /ˌnanə(ʊ)ˈfan(ə)ɹə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ /ˌnænoʊˈfænəɹəˌfaɪt/ nanophanerophytes n
nanophanérophyte
(biology) Any phanerophyte between about 10 and 80 inches in height

nanophotonic adj
nanophotonique
Of or pertaining to nanophotonics.

nanopowder nanopowders n
nanopoudre
An agglomerate of ultrafine particles, nanoparticles, or nanoclusters.

nanoprocessor nanoprocessors n
nanoprocesseur

nanori nanori n
nanori
(linguistics) A Japanese reading of a kanji character that is used for names of people or places, but that is otherwise a non-standard reading for that character.

nanoribbon nanoribbons n
nanoruban
A nanostructure in the form of a ribbon

nanorobotic adj
nanorobotique
Relating to nanorobotics.

nanorobotics n
nanorobotique
The science and technology of designing and manufacturing nanoscale machines, especially robotic machines.

nanoscopic adj
nanoscopique
Having a scale expressed in nanometers.

nanoscopy nanoscopies n
nanoscopie
(optics, biology) The application of nanotechnology to the imaging of objects at nanoscale.

nanosecond nanoseconds n
nanoseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 10−9 seconds. Symbol: ns

nanosensor nanosensors n
nanocapteur

nanosilver nanosilvers n
nanoargent

nanosponge nanosponges n
nanoéponge
(medicine) A sponge that has nanosize holes, especially one used for biomimetic detoxification

nanotechnology nanotechnologies n
nanotechnologie
The science and technology of creating nanoparticles and of manufacturing machines which have sizes within the range of nanometres (1–100 nm).

nanotribology n
nanotribologie
(physics) The branch of tribology that studies friction at the nanoscale

nanotube nanotubes n
nanotube
(chemistry) Shortening of carbon nanotube; A carbon molecule, in the shape of a tube, having a fullerene structure and a diameter of about 1 or 2 nanometers.

nanowire nanowires n
nanofil
(physics) A wire whose width is of the order of nanometers.

nanoworld nanoworlds n
nanomonde
The sphere of influence of nanotechnology

naophorous adj
naophore

nap /nap/ /næp/ naps n
sieste somme roupillon

nap /nap/ /næp/ v
faire la sieste siester
To have a nap; to sleep for a short period of time, especially during the day.

napa cabbage napa cabbages n
chou chinois
A species of Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, commonly used as an ingredient in East-Asian cuisines.

napalm /ˈneɪ.pɑlm/ /ˈneɪ.pɑːm/ napalms n
napalm
A highly flammable, viscous substance, designed to stick to the body while burning, used in warfare as an incendiary especially in wooded areas.

nape /neɪp/ napes n
nuque
The back part of the neck.

naphtha /ˈnæfθə/ /ˈnæpθə/ naphthas n
naphte naphta
(dated) Naturally occurring liquid petroleum.
(petrochemistry) Any of a wide variety of aliphatic or aromatic liquid hydrocarbon mixtures distilled from petroleum or coal tar, especially as used in solvents or petrol.

naphthalene /ˈnæfθəliːn/ naphthalenes n
naphtalène
A white crystalline hydrocarbon manufactured from coal tar; used in mothballs.

naphthalenic adj
naphtalénique

napiform /ˈneɪ.pɪ.fɔɹm/ /ˈneɪp.ɪ.fɔːm/ more napiform most napiform adj
napiforme
(botany) Shaped like a turnip; spherical at the top, but with a tapering bottom.

napkin /ˈnæp.kɪn/ napkins n
serviette
A serviette; a (usually rectangular) piece of cloth or paper used at the table for wiping the mouth and hands for cleanliness while eating.

napkin ring napkin rings n
rond de serviette
A ring for holding napkins along with cutlery.

nappy rash nappy rashes n
érythème fessier
(British) A generic term applied to various skin rashes in the diaper area.

narcissism /ˈnɑɹsəˌsɪzm/ /ˈnɑːsəˌsɪzm/ narcissisms n
narcissisme
Excessive love of oneself.

narcissist narcissists n
narcissique
(psychology) One who shows extreme love and admiration for themselves.

narcissistic /ˌnɑɹ.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ /ˌnɑː.sɪˈsɪs.tɪk/ more narcissistic most narcissistic adj
narcissique
Having an inflated idea of one's own importance.
Obsessed with one's own self image and ego.

narcissistic personality disorder narcissistic personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité narcissique
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized largely by an overinflated sense of self-importance typically caused by unbalanced parental valuation during childhood.

narcissus /nɑɹˈsɪsəs/ narcissi narcissuses n
narcisse
Any of several bulbous flowering plants, of the genus Narcissus, having white or yellow cup- or trumpet-shaped flowers, notably the daffodil

narco- prefix
narco-
Pertaining to stupor, sleep, or a state of unconsciousness.
Of or pertaining to narcotics or their trade and use.

narcoanalysis narcoanalyses n
narcoanalyse
(medicine) A form of psychotherapy in which the patient is administered drugs in order to attain a sleeplike state.

narcodollar narcodollars n
narcodollar
(especially in the plural) Money (especially in the form of US dollars) obtained from narcotrafficking.

narcolepsy /ˈnɑː(ɹ)kəˌlɛpsi/ narcolepsies n
narcolepsie
(pathology) A disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable attacks of deep sleep, often brief, sometimes accompanied by paralysis and hallucinations

narcomania n
narcomanie
A pathological craving for or addiction to narcotics or alcohol.

narcostate narcostates n
narco-État

narcoterrorism n
narcoterrorisme
Use of terrorist tactics as an element of the traffic in illegal narcotics.

narcotherapy n
narcothérapie
(psychology) therapy that uses narcotics or other means to induce sleep

narcotic /nɑː(ɹ)ˈkɒtɪk/ narcotics n
narcotique
(pharmaceutical drug) Any substance or drug that reduces pain, induces sleep and may alter mood or behaviour; in some contexts, especially in reference to the opiates-and-opioids class, especially in reference to illegal drugs, and often both.
Any type of numbing or soothing drug.

narcotize /ˈnɑɹ.kəˌtaɪz/ /ˈnɑːkə.tʌɪz/ v
narcotiser
(transitive) To use a narcotic in order to make (someone) drowsy or insensible; to anesthetize, to drug. [from 16th c.]

narrate /nəˈɹeɪt/ /nəˈɹæɪt/ /ˈnæɹeɪt/ /ˈnɛɹ.eɪt/ v
raconter narrer conter
(transitive) To relate (a story or series of events) in speech or writing.
rapporter relater
To give an account.

narratee narratees n
narrataire
someone to whom a story is narrated

narration /nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /nəˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃən/ [nəˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩] [nəˈɹæɪ.ʃn̩] [nɛɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnæɹˈeɪ.ʃn̩] narrations n
narration
The act of recounting or relating in order the particulars of some action, occurrence, or affair; a narrating.
That which is narrated or recounted; an orderly recital of the details and particulars of some transaction or event, or of a series of transactions or events; a story or narrative.

narrative /ˈnæɹətɪv/ /ˈnɛɹətɪv/ more narrative most narrative adj
narratif
Telling a story.

narrative /ˈnæɹətɪv/ /ˈnɛɹətɪv/ narratives n
narration récit
The systematic recitation of an event or series of events.

narratology narratologies n
narratologie
The study of narrative structure.

narrator /-nəˈɹeɪtɚ/ /-ɹətɚ/ /nəˈɹeɪtə/ /ˈnæˌɹeɪtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] narrators n
narrateur narratrice
(narratology) The person or the "voice" whose viewpoint is used in telling a story.
(film, and, television) The person providing the voice-over in a documentary.

narrow /ˈnæɹoʊ/ /ˈnæɹəʊ/ /ˈnɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ narrower narrowest adj
étroit
Having a small width; not wide; having opposite edges or sides that are close, especially by comparison to length or depth.

narrow /ˈnæɹoʊ/ /ˈnæɹəʊ/ /ˈnɛ(ə)ɹoʊ/ v
rétrécir réduire
(transitive) To reduce in width or extent; to contract.

narrow-minded more narrow-minded most narrow-minded adj
borné têtu
Having restricted or rigid views, and being unreceptive to new ideas.
intolérant
Intolerant, bigoted or prejudiced.

narrowly /ˈnæɹoʊli/ /ˈnæɹəʊli/ /ˈnɛɹoʊli/ more narrowly most narrowly adv
étroitement
Closely; by a narrow margin.

narrowness narrownesses n
étroitesse
(uncountable) the state of being narrow

narthex /ˈnɑɹθɛks/ /ˈnɑːθɛks/ narthexes narthices n
narthex
(architecture) A western vestibule leading to the nave in some Christian churches.

narutomaki n
narutomaki
A type of kamaboko (蒲鉾), a cured fish surimi product made in Japan. Prepared in loaves or rolls, then sliced and added to dishes as a garnish.

narwhal /ˈnɑɹwɔl/ /ˈnɑɹwəl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɑl/ /ˈnɑɹʍɔl/ /ˈnɑɹʍəl/ /ˈnɑɹˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑɹˌʍeɪl/ /ˈnɑːwəl/ /ˈnɑːʍəl/ /ˈnɑːˌweɪl/ /ˈnɑːˌʍeɪl/ narwhal narwhals n
narval licorne de mer
Monodon monoceros, an Arctic cetacean that grows to about 20 feet (6 meters) long, the male having a single horn-like tusk, a twisted, pointed canine tooth that projects forward.

nary /ˈnɛəɹi/ adj
aucun aucune

nasal /ˈneɪ.zəl/ more nasal most nasal adj
nasal
(anatomy, relational) Of or pertaining to the nose or to the nasion.
(phonetics) Having a sound imparted by means of the nose; and specifically, made by lowering the soft palate, in some cases with closure of the oral passage, the voice thus issuing (wholly or partially) through the nose, as in the consonants m, n, ng.

nasal bone nasal bones n
os nasal
(skeleton, zootomy) Either of two bones of the skull of vertebrates above the fishes which lie in front of the frontal bones and in humans are oblong in shape forming by their junction the bridge of the nose and partly covering the nasal cavity.

nasal cavity nasal cavities n
cavité nasale
(anatomy) In higher vertebrates, a large air-filled space above and behind the nose in the middle of the face.

nasal concha nasal conchae n
cornet nasal
(anatomy) Any one of the three thin bony plates on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

nasal consonant nasal consonants n
consonne nasale
A consonant sound produced by air moving though the nose with the mouth passage occluded.

nasal mutation nasal mutations n
mutation nasalisante
An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances.

nasal polyp nasal polyps n
polype nasal
(pathology) A growth in the nose commonly connected with allergic rhinitis, but not directly caused by it, arising mainly from the mucous membranes and paranasal sinuses.

nasal septum nasal septa nasal septums n
cloison nasale septum nasal
(anatomy) A bony and cartilaginous partition in the nose, separating the left and right airways in the nose and dividing the two nostrils.

nasal vowel nasal vowels n
voyelle nasale
(phonetics) A vowel that is produced with a lowering of the velum so that air escapes both through nose as well as the mouth.

nasality /neɪˈzælɪtiː/ nasalities n
nasalité
The state or quality of being nasal.

nasalization nasalizations n
nasalisation
(phonetics, uncountable) the articulation of a vowel or continuant consonant in such a way that air flows through the nose at the same time as it flows through the mouth

nasalize v
nasaliser
(phonetics) To lower the soft palate so that air flows through the nose during the articulation of a speech sound.

nasalness n
nasalité
The quality of being nasal.

nascent /ˈneɪ.sənt/ /ˈnæs.ənt/ adj
naissant émergent
Emerging; just coming into existence.

nase nase nases n
hotu
Any of the genus Chondrostoma of freshwater potamodromous fishes.

nasogenian adj
nasogénien

nasopharyngitis n
rhinopharyngite
(medicine) Inflammation of the nasal passages and upper pharynx.

nasturtium /nasˈtɜːʃəm/ /næsˈtɝʃəm/ /nəsˈtɜːʃəm/ /nəsˈtɝʃəm/ nasturtia nasturtiums n
capucine
The popular name of any of the plants in the Tropaeolum genus of flowering plants native to south and central America.

nata de coco n
nata de coco
A chewy, translucent jelly produced by the fermentation of coconut water, a delicacy of the Philippines.

natal /ˈneɪtəl/ adj
natal
Of or relating to birth.

natatorial adj
nageur

natch /næt͡ʃ/ adv
ben ouais
(colloquial) Naturally; of course.

nation /ˈneɪ̯.ʃən/ /ˈneɪ̯.ʃɪn/ nations n
nation
(collective) A historically constituted, stable community of people, formed based on a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity and/or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
(chiefly, historical) An association of students based on its members' birthplace or ethnicity.
état Etat État
(international, _, legal, metonymically) A sovereign state; (loosely, metonymically, proscribed) a country.

nation of laws nations of laws n
État de droit
(chiefly, US) A nation-state that is subject to the rule of law.

nation-state nation-states n
État-nation
(government, politics) A political entity (a state) associated with a particular cultural entity (a nation) and a sovereign territorial unit.

national /ˈnaʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnaʃn̩(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃn(ə)l/ /ˈnæʃən(ə)l/ more national most national adj
national nationale
Pertaining to a nation or country, especially as a whole; affecting, shared by, or existing throughout all of a nation. [from 16th c.]

national anthem national anthems n
hymne national
(nonstandard) The official song of a constituent state of a country.

national day national days n
fête nationale
A day marking a country's establishment as a sovereign entity, typically a celebration of its independence, revolution or former ruler.

national debt national debts n
dette publique
(economics) Any money owed by the government of a nation.

national emblem national emblems n
emblème national
The official emblem that represents a nation.

national interest national interests n
raison d'État
(politics) An economic, military, or cultural goal of a country.

national park national parks n
parc national
An area of land that is not built upon, but reserved by the national government for conservation of nature and usually also for recreational use.

national security n
sécurité nationale
The safety of a country as managed through the exercise of economic and political power, intelligence agencies and diplomacy.

national sports team national sports teams n
sélection
(This entry is a translation hub.)

national treasure national treasures n
trésor national
A person, place, or object that is deemed to be of value to an entire nation, usually due to its cultural significance.

nationalisation nationalisations n
nationalisation
The act of taking formerly private assets into public or state ownership.

nationalism /ˈnæʃənəlɪzəm/ nationalisms n
nationalisme
Patriotism; the idea of supporting one's country, people or culture.
(UK, Ireland) Support for the union of Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ more nationalist most nationalist adj
nationaliste
Of or relating to nationalism.

nationalist /ˈnæʃ.nə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.lɪst/ /ˈnæʃ.ə.nə.lɪst/ nationalists n
nationaliste
An advocate of nationalism.

nationalitarian nationalitarians n
nationalitaire

nationality /-ˈnæl.ti/ /-ˈnæl.ə.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.əˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌnæʃ.ˈnæl.ɪ.ti/ nationalities n
nationalité
National origin or identity; legal membership of a particular nation or state, by origin, birth, naturalization, ownership, allegiance or otherwise. [from 18th c.]

nationalize /ˈnæʃənəlaɪz/ v
nationaliser
(archaic) To make national; to make a nation of; to endow with the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar sentiments and attachment of citizens of a nation.

nationally more nationally most nationally adv
nationalement
In a way relating to the whole nation.

native /ˈneɪtəv/ /ˈneɪtɪv/ more native most native adj
maternel
Belonging to one by birth.
autochtone indigène
Characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from prehistoric times.
natif
(of or relating to the native inhabitants of the Americas, or of Australia).
endémique
(biology, of a species) Which occurs of its own accord in a given locality, to be contrasted with a species introduced by humans.

native advertising n
publicité caméléon publicité intégrée
(marketing) A type of surreptitious advertising that matches the form and function of the platform upon which it appears, often in the form of advertorials.

native soil native soils n
terre natale
(idiomatic, as pertaining to persons) The country or geographical region where one was born or which one considers to be one's true homeland.
environnement naturel source première
(idiomatic, as pertaining to animals, plants, things, ideas, etc.) Source, place of origin, principal location, or natural habitat.

native speaker native speakers n
locuteur natif locutrice native
(linguistics) A person who grew up with a particular language as their mother tongue.

nativism nativisms n
nativisme

nativity play nativity plays n
mystère de la nativité
(Christianity) A dramatic depiction of the story of the birth of Jesus Christ, commonly performed by children in churches and in Christian schools during the Christmas season.

nativity scene nativity scenes n
crèche Crèche de Noël
(Christianity) A depiction—which may be pictorial, dramatic, or by means of figurines—of the birth of Jesus Christ in a manger, as described in the New Testament account.

nativize v
nativiser
(transitive) To make native; to incorporate into native culture.

natrolite natrolites n
natrolite
(mineral) A fibrous zeolite mineral, being a sodium aluminosilicate, of the chemical formula Na2Al2Si3O10·2H2O.

natter /ˈnætə/ /ˈnætɚ/ v
bavarder blablater papoter
(colloquial) To talk casually; to discuss unimportant matters.

natto n
nattō
A traditional Japanese food product made from fermented soybeans.

natty /ˈnæti/ nattier nattiest adj
chic élégant
(informal) Smart and fashionable. [from late 18th c.]

natural /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ more natural most natural adj
bécarre
(music) Neither sharp nor flat. Denoted ♮. [from 18th c.]
naturel
Normally associated with a particular person or thing; inherently related to the nature of a thing or creature. [from 14th c.]
Containing no artificial or man-made additives; especially (of food) containing no colourings, flavourings or preservatives. [from 19th c.]
Pertaining to death brought about by disease or old age, rather than by violence, accident etc. [from 16th c.]
Pertaining to birth or descent; native.
Related genetically but not legally to one's father; born out of wedlock, illegitimate. [from 15th c.]
naturel normal
As expected; reasonable, normal; naturally arising from the given circumstances. [from 14th c.]

natural /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ naturals n
bécarre
(music) The symbol ♮ used to indicate such a natural note.

natural child natural children n
enfant de l'amour
An illegitimate child, a child born to unmarried parents.

natural disaster natural disasters n
catastrophe naturelle désastre naturel
Any natural phenomenon that causes great damage and loss of life.

natural fiber natural fibers n
fibre naturel
An organic fiber that is obtained naturally, notably from a plant or animal.

natural gas natural gases n
gaz naturel
A mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons associated with petroleum deposits; mostly methane with smaller amounts of ethane, propane and butane; principally used as a fuel.

natural history natural histories n
histoire naturelle
The study of all living things, especially their origins, evolution and interrelationships.
The study of all natural phenomena: botany, zoology, mineralogy, etc.

natural join natural joins n
jointure naturelle
(databases) A join between two tables on a field which has the same name.

natural language natural languages n
langue naturelle
(retronym, linguistics) Any human language that has evolved naturally in a community, usually in contrast to computer programming languages, to controlled natural languages, and to constructed languages such as Esperanto (although constructed languages are subject to change by natural forces among fluent speakers).

natural language processing n
traitement automatique du langage naturel
A field of computer science and linguistics concerned with the interactions between computers and human (natural) languages, especially computational analysis and processing of large amounts of natural language data.

natural law natural laws n
droit naturel
(law, philosophy) The set of universal legal or moral principles said to be discernible from nature by reason alone; one of these principles.
loi de la nature
A law relating to natural phenomena, a law of nature.

natural logarithm natural logarithms n
logarithme naturel logarithme népérien
(mathematics) The logarithm in base e: either the function that given x returns y such that ey = x, or the value of y given by the function.

natural number natural numbers n
nombre naturel entier naturel nombre entier naturel
(mathematics) a positive integer {1, 2, 3, ...}
entier naturel nombre naturel nombre entier naturel
(mathematics) a non-negative integer {0, 1, 2, ...}

natural person natural people natural persons n
personne physique
(legal) A human being, as opposed to an organization.

natural religion natural religions n
religion naturelle

natural resource natural resources n
ressource naturelle
Any source of wealth that occurs naturally, especially minerals, fossil fuels, timber, etc.

natural science natural sciences n
sciences naturelles sciences de la nature
Any science involved in studying phenomena or laws of the physical world: physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy, and so on.

natural selection n
sélection naturelle
(evolutionary theory) A process by which heritable traits conferring survival and reproductive advantage to individuals, or related individuals, tend to be passed on to succeeding generations and become more frequent in a population, whereas other less favourable traits tend to become eliminated; the differential survival and reproduction of phenotypes.

naturalist naturalists n
naturaliste
(philosophy) A person who believes in or advocates the tenets of philosophical or methodological naturalism. [from 16th c.]

naturalistic more naturalistic most naturalistic adj
naturaliste
Of or relating to philosophical or methodological naturalism.

naturalization naturalizations n
naturalisation
The action of naturalizing somebody; act of granting citizenship.

naturalize /ˈnæt͡ʃəɹəˌlaɪz/ /ˈnæt͡ʃɹəˌlaɪz/ v
naturaliser
To grant citizenship to someone not born a citizen.

naturally /ˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəli/ more naturally most naturally adv
naturellement
In a natural manner.
Surely or without any doubt.

nature /ˈneɪ.tʃə/ /ˈneɪ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈnæe.tʃə/ /ˈnæɪ̯.tʃə/ /ˈnɛː.tʃɐ/ [ˈnæetʃə] [ˈnɐetʃə] natures n
nature
(uncountable, often, _, capitalized) The way things are, the totality of all things in the physical universe and their order, especially the physical world in contrast to spiritual realms and flora and fauna as distinct from human conventions, art, and technology.
The essential or innate characteristics of a person or thing which will always tend to manifest, especially in contrast to specific contexts, reason, religious duty, upbringing, and personal pretense or effort.

nature lover nature lovers n
amoureux de la nature

nature of the beast n
ordre des choses
(idiom, with "the") The unchangeable nature of something.

nature reserve nature reserves n
réserve naturelle parc naturel
An area of land managed to conserve wildlife or plant habitat or other natural features.

naturism /ˈneɪ.t͡ʃəɹˌɪz.əm/ naturisms n
naturisme
The belief in or practice of going nude in social settings, often in mixed-gender groups, specifically either in cultures where this is not the norm or for health reasons.

naturist /ˈneɪt͡ʃəɹɪst/ more naturist most naturist adj
naturiste
Relating to or believing in the doctrine of naturism, which attributes everything to nature.

naturist /ˈneɪt͡ʃəɹɪst/ naturists n
naturiste
One who follows a philosophical belief in a naked, natural life and prefers to live without clothes, often for reasons of ecology, health, religious belief, and/or ethical concerns.

naturopath naturopaths n
naturopathe
(alternative medicine) A practitioner of naturopathy, a nature healer

naturopathy naturopathies n
naturopathie
(alternative medicine) A system of therapy that avoids synthetic drugs and surgery, while emphasizing the use of natural remedies (plants and the elements) and physical means (massage, acupuncture) to treat illness.

naughty /ˈnɑɾi/ /ˈnɔɾi/ /ˈnɔːti/ naughtier naughtiest adj
méchant vilain malicieux malin
Mischievous; tending to misbehave or act badly (especially of a child). [from 17th c.]
risqué
Sexually provocative; now in weakened sense, risqué, cheeky. [from 19th c.]

naumachia naumachiae naumachias n
naumachie
(historical, nautical, in Ancient Rome) The recreation of a sea battle staged for entertainment. [from 16th c.]

naupathia n
naupathie
(medicine) seasickness

nauropometer nauropometers n
nauropomètre
(historical) An instrument for measuring a ship's heeling or inclination at sea.

nausea /ˈnɑsi.ə/ /ˈnɑzi.ə/ /ˈnɑʃə/ /ˈnɑʒə/ /ˈnɔsi.ə/ /ˈnɔzi.ə/ /ˈnɔʃə/ /ˈnɔʒə/ /ˈnɔːsɪə/ /ˈnɔːzɪə/ nauseae nauseas nauseæ n
nausée
A feeling of illness or discomfort in the digestive system, usually characterized by a strong urge to vomit.
nausée dégoût
Strong dislike or disgust.

nauseous /ˈnɑːʃəs/ /ˈnɑːʒəs/ /ˈnɔːsiːəs/ /ˈnɔːziːəs/ /ˈnɔːʃəs/ /ˈnɔːʒəs/ more nauseous most nauseous adj
nauséabond
Causing nausea; sickening or disgusting. [from 17th c.]
nauséeux
(proscribed) Afflicted with nausea; sick. [from 19th c.]

nautical /ˈnoː.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɑ.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɔ.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈnɔː.tɪ.kəl/ [ˈnoː.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɑ.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɔ.ɾɪ.kl̩] [ˈnɔː.tɪ.kl̩] more nautical most nautical adj
nautique
Relating to or involving ships or shipping or navigation or seamen.

nautical mile nautical miles n
mille marin nautique
A unit of length corresponding approximately to one minute of arc of latitude along any meridian. By international agreement it is exactly 1,852 metres (approximately 6,076 feet or 1.151 statute mile).
(historical) Synonym of sea mile, a historical Scandinavian unit of distance equal to about 4 nmi.

nautilus /ˈnɑ.tɪ.ləs/ /ˈnɔ.tɪ.ləs/ /ˈnɔː.tɪ.ləs/ nautili nautiluses n
nautile
A marine mollusc, of the family Nautilidae native to the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, which has tentacles and a spiral shell with a series of air-filled chambers, of which Nautilus is the type genus.

naval /ˈneɪvəl/ adj
naval
(nautical) Of or relating to a navy.

navarch /ˈneɪvɑː(ɹ)k/ /ˈnævɑː(ɹ)k/ navarchs n
navarque

nave /neɪv/ naves n
nef
(architecture) The middle or body of a church, extending from the transepts to the principal entrances.
moyeu
A hub of a wheel.

navel /ˈneɪbəl/ /ˈneɪvəl/ navels n
nombril
(anatomy) The indentation or bump remaining in the abdomen of mammals where the umbilical cord was attached before birth.

navel-gazing /ˈneɪvəlˌɡeɪzɪŋ/ navel-gazings n
nombrilisme
(derogatory) Excessive focus on oneself; self-indulgent introspection. [from 1950s]

navicular more navicular most navicular adj
naviculaire
Shaped like a boat.

navicular bone navicular bones n
os naviculaire
(anatomy) One of the tarsal bones of the foot or one of the carpal bones of the wrist.

navigability navigabilities n
navigabilité
The state of being navigable.

navigable /ˈnævɪɡəbəl/ more navigable most navigable adj
navigable
(of a body of water) Capable of being navigated; deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to vessels.

navigate /ˈnæv.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ v
naviguer
(transitive) To plan, control and record the position and course of a vehicle, ship, aircraft, etc., on a journey; to follow a planned course.
(intransitive) To travel over water in a ship; to sail.

navigation /nævɪˈɡeɪʃən/ navigations n
navigation
(uncountable) The theory, practice and technology of charting a course for a road vehicle, ship, aircraft, or spaceship.
(uncountable) Traffic or travel by vessel, especially commercial shipping.

navigation bar navigation bars n
barre de navigation panneau de navigation volet de navigation zone de navigation

navigator navigators n
navigateur
A person who navigates, especially an officer with that responsibility on a ship or an aircrew member with that responsibility on an aircraft.
A sea explorer.

navvy /ˈnævi/ navvies n
terrassier
(chiefly, _, UK, historical) A laborer on a civil engineering project such as a canal or railroad.

navy /ˈneɪvi/ more navy most navy adj
bleu marine
(color) Having the dark blue colour of navy blue.
marin naval
(military) Belonging to the navy; typical of the navy.

navy /ˈneɪvi/ navies n
marine flotte force navale
(countable) A country's entire maritime military force, including ships and personnel.
marine force navale
(countable) A governmental department in charge of a country's maritime military force.
bleu marine
(color, countable, and, uncountable) A dark blue colour, usually called navy blue.

navy blue navy blues n
bleu marine
A dark blue color.

nay /neɪ/ adv
ou plutôt que dis-je voire
(now, archaic, or, jocular) Or rather, or should I say; moreover (introducing a stronger and more appropriate expression than the preceding one). [from 16th c.]

naïf /nɑːˈiːf/ naïfs n
naïf
One who is naive.

naïveté /nɑˌiːvəˈteɪ/ /nɑˌiːvˈteɪ/ naïvetés n
naïveté
Lack of sophistication, experience, judgement or worldliness; artlessness; gullibility; credulity.

ne plus ultra ne plus ultras n
nec plus ultra

ne'er cast a clout til May be out proverb
en avril ne te découvre pas d’un fil, en mai fais ce qu’il te plaît
Do not change from winter clothes to summer clothes until June, as there is often a sudden cold snap in May.

neap tide /ˈniːpˌtaɪd/ /ˈnɪpˌtaɪd/ neap tides n
marée de morte eau
The tide which occurs just after the first and third quarters of the moon, when there is least difference between high tide and low tide.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] nearer nearest adj
proche près
Physically close.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] nearer nearest adv
près
At or towards a position close in space or time.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] preposition
près de
Physically close to, in close proximity to.

near /nɛə/ /nɪə(ɹ)/ /nɪə/ /nɪɚ/ [nɪː] v
approcher
(ambitransitive) To come closer to; to approach.

near abroad n
étranger proche
The other countries and political regions which are in the vicinity of a country or political region.

near post near posts n
premier poteau
(soccer, idiomatic) The goalpost nearest from which a cross is made.

near-death experience near-death experiences n
expérience de mort imminente
A sensation of detachment from one's body, the presence of a tunnel of light, the apparent viewing of one's own body from on high, and similar manifestations, experienced by people whose heart and brain have temporarily ceased to function.

near-synonym near-synonyms n
quasi-synonyme synonyme partiel
(linguistics) A term whose meaning is similar, but not identical, to that of another term.

nearby /ˌnɪə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/ more nearby most nearby adj
proche
adjacent, near, close by

nearby /ˌnɪə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/ more nearby most nearby adv
à proximité
next to, close to

nearly /ˈniːɹli/ /ˈnɪəli/ /ˈnɪɹli/ more nearly most nearly nearlier nearliest adv
presque
In close approximation; almost, virtually. [from 17th c.]

nearsightedness nearsightednesses n
myopie
The property of being nearsighted, myopia.

neat /ˈniːt/ neater neatest adj
net ordonné
Clean, tidy; free from dirt or impurities.
pur pure
(chemistry) Conditions with a liquid reagent or gas performed with no standard solvent or cosolvent.
élégant
Having a simple elegance or style; clean, trim, tidy, tasteful.

neat /ˈniːt/ n
bétail
(archaic) Cattle collectively.

neat freak neat freaks n
maniaque maniaque de la propreté maniaque du rangement
(US, informal) A person obsessed with tidiness or cleanliness.

neatly /ˈniːtli/ more neatly most neatly neatlier neatliest adv
proprement élégamment
In a neat manner.

neatness neatnesses n
netteté
The state of being neat.

nebris /ˈnɛbɹɪs/ nebrises n
nébride

nebula /ˈnɛbjʊlə/ nebulae nebulas nebulæ n
nébuleuse
(astronomy) A cloud in outer space consisting of gas or dust (e.g. a cloud formed after a star explodes).

nebulizer nebulizers n
nébuliseur
(medicine) A device used to administer a medicine into the lungs, by converting the medicine from liquid state into a fine spray of aerosols, to be inhaled through the nose or mouth.

nebulosity nebulosities n
nébulosité
(meteorology, astronomy) The characteristic of being nebulous; cloudiness (measured in octas).

nebulous /ˈnɛbjʊləs/ more nebulous most nebulous adj
nébuleux
Vague or ill-defined.

necessarily /ˈnɛs.ə.sə.ɹɪ.li/ /ˈnɛs.ə.sɛɹ.li/ /ˌnes.əˈseɹ.li/ /ˌnes.əˈseɹ.ə.li/ /ˌnɛs.əˈsɛɹ.ə.li/ more necessarily most necessarily adv
absolument nécessairement
Inevitably; of necessity.

necessary /ˈnɛsəsɹi/ /ˈnɛsəɹi/ /ˈnɛsəˌsɛɹi/ more necessary most necessary necessarier necessariest adj
nécessaire
Required, essential, whether logically inescapable or needed in order to achieve a desired result or avoid some penalty.
Unavoidable, inevitable.
(obsolete) Determined, involuntary: acting from compulsion rather than free will.

necessary condition necessary conditions n
condition nécessaire
(logic) A statement Q in relation to statement P such that P implies Q.

necessary evil necessary evils n
mal nécessaire mal pour un bien
(idiomatic) An unfavorable thing that must be done or accepted, especially because the available alternative courses of action or inaction would be worse.

necessitate /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/ /nɪˈsɛsɪteɪt/ v
demander exiger nécessiter requérir
(transitive) To make necessary; to behove; to require (something) to be brought about. [from early 17th c.]

necessity /nɪˈsɛsəti/ necessities n
nécessité besoin
The quality or state of being necessary, unavoidable, or absolutely requisite.

necessity is the mother of invention proverb
la nécessité est la mère de l'invention nécessité fait loi
A person who is in great need of something will find a way to obtain it.

necessity knows no law proverb
nécessité fait loi
A person who is in great need of something will find a way to obtain it, and violate the law if needed.

neck /nɛk/ necks n
cou nuque
(anatomy) The part of the body connecting the head and the trunk found in humans and some animals.
col
The part of a shirt, dress etc., which fits a person's neck.
goulot cou
The tapered part of a bottle toward the opening.
manche cou
(music) The extension of any stringed instrument on which a fingerboard is mounted

neck /nɛk/ v
tordre le cou

neck and neck phraseologicalUnit
coude à coude
very close in progress, as in a race or contest

neckbrace neckbraces n
minerve
(emergency medicine) An orthopedic device used to support the neck and head of those with neck or head injuries.

neckerchief /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃiːf/ /ˈnɛkə(ɹ)tʃɪf/ neckerchiefs neckerchieves n
foulard
A scarf that is worn looped or tied around the neck.

necklace /ˈnɛkləs/ /ˈnɛklɪs/ necklaces n
collier supplice du pneu
An article of jewelry that is worn around the neck, most often made of a string of precious metal, pearls, gems, beads or shells, and sometimes having a pendant attached.

necktie /ˈnɛk.taɪ/ neckties n
cravate
A strip of cloth worn around the neck and tied in the front. See also bowtie.

neckwarmer neckwarmers n
cache-cou
A piece of clothing to keep the neck warm.

necro- /ˈnɛk.ɹəʊ/ prefix
nécro-
death or dead tissue.

necrocracy /nəˈkɹɑkɹəsi/ /nɛˈkɹɒkɹəsi/ necrocracies n
nécrocratie
A form of government where a dead person is recognised as its head; usually a deceased former leader.

necrology /nɛˈkɹɒlədʒi/ necrologies n
nécrologie nécrologe
A listing of people who have died during a specific period of time.

necromancer /ˈnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˌmænsə/ /ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsɚ/ necromancers n
nécromancien nécromancier nécromant
A person who practices or performs necromancy.

necromancy /ˈnɛkɹəˌmænsi/ necromancies n
nécromancie
Loosely, any sorcery or witchcraft, especially involving death or the dead, particularly sorcery involving raising or reanimating the dead.

necrophage necrophages n
nécrophage
An organism that eats dead or decaying flesh.

necrophile /ˈnɛkɹəʊ̆faɪl/ necrophiles n
nécrophile
(sexuality) One who is subject to necrophilia.

necrophilia /nɛkɹoʊˈfɪli.ə/ /nɛkɹoʊˈfɪljə/ /ˌnɛkɹə(ʊ)ˈfɪlɪə/ necrophilias n
nécrophilie
(sexuality) A pathological attraction to dead bodies, especially sexual attraction or intercourse.
(medicine) Pathological fascination with death.

necrophobia n
nécrophobie
an abnormal fear of death or corpses

necropolis /nə-/ /nɛˈkɹɑpələs/ /nɛˈkɹɒplɪs/ /nɛˈkɹɒpəlɪs/ /nɪ-/ necropoleis necropoles necropoli necropolises n
nécropole
(chiefly, historical, also, figuratively) A cemetery; especially a large one in or near a city.

necropsy /nɪˈkɹɒpsi/ /ˈnɛkɹɑpsi/ /ˈnɛkɹɒpsi/ necropsies n
nécropsie
(medicine) The pathological examination of a corpse, particularly to determine cause of death. [from 19th c.]

necropsy /nɪˈkɹɒpsi/ /ˈnɛkɹɑpsi/ /ˈnɛkɹɒpsi/ v
nécropsie
The act of performing a necropsy.

necrosis necroses n
nécrose
(pathology) The localized death of cells or tissues through injury, disease, or the interruption of blood supply.

necrotic more necrotic most necrotic adj
nécrotique
(pathology) Of or pertaining to necrosis, particularly of tissue.

nectar /ˈnɛk.tə/ /ˈnɛk.təɹ/ nectars n
nectar
(botany) The sweet liquid secreted by flowers to attract pollinating insects and birds. [from 17th c.]

nectarine /ˈnɛk.tə.ɹiːn/ nectarines n
nectarine
A cultivar of the peach with smooth rather than fuzzy skin.
(obsolete) A nectar-like liquid medicine.

nectary nectaries n
nectaire
(botany) A gland that secretes nectar

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] needs n
besoin nécessité
(countable, and, uncountable) A requirement for something; something needed.

need /nid/ /niːd/ [nɪi̯d] v
avoir besoin de nécessiter
(transitive) To have an absolute requirement for.
(transitive) To want strongly; to feel that one must have something.
nécessiter être obligé de
(intransitive) To be required; to be necessary.

needle /ˈniː.dəl/ needles n
aiguille
A long, thin, sharp implement usually for piercing as in sewing, embroidery, acupuncture, tattooing, body piercing, medical injections, sutures, etc; or a blunt but otherwise similar implement used for forming loops or knots in crafts such as darning, knitting, tatting, etc.
(entomology) Any of various species of damselfly of the genus Synlestes, endemic to Australia.
saphir aiguille
(informal) A sensor for playing phonograph records, a phonograph stylus.

needle /ˈniː.dəl/ v
coudre
To pierce with a needle, especially for sewing or acupuncture.
asticoter monter taquiner
(transitive) To tease in order to provoke; to poke fun at.

needle furze n
genisette genêt d'Angleterre petit genêt épineux
Genista anglica, a shrubby flowering plant of the family Fabaceae.

needle holder needle holders n
porte-aiguille
A specialized form of forceps, featuring very small jaws and often a locking ratchet mechanism, used to hold the needle of a suture.

needle in a haystack needles in a haystack needles in haystacks n
chercher une aiguille dans une botte de foin
(idiomatic) Something that is difficult or impossible to locate.

needlecase needlecases n
aiguillier étui à aiguilles
A case in which needles are kept.

needlecraft needlecrafts n
travaux d'aiguille
(uncountable) The art or process of working with a needle esp. in embroidery or needlepoint.
(countable) The product of such art or process.

needlefish needlefish needlefishes n
aiguillette
Slender fish, in the family Belonidae, usually found in shallow marine habitats.

needlenose pliers n
pince à long bec
A variety of pliers with long, narrow extensions of the gripping faces, used to reach into narrow spaces.

needless /ˈniːdləs/ more needless most needless adj
inutile superflu
Not needed; unnecessary.

needless to say adv
cela va sans dire
(idiomatic) Clearly, obviously.

needlework needleworks n
couture ouvrage travaux d'aiguille
The art or process of working with a needle especially in embroidery or needlepoint.

needy /ˈniːdi/ needier neediest adj
nécessiteux dans le besoin
In need; poor.

neener interjection
lalalalère na
(informal, often, humorous) A childish, hostile taunt, often repeated in a singsong voice.

nefarious /nɪˈfeː.ɹi.əs/ /nɪˈfɛɹ.i.əs/ /nɪˈfɛː.ɹi.əs/ nəˈfɛɹ.i.əs more nefarious most nefarious adj
infâme malfaisant néfaste
Sinful, villainous, criminal, or wicked, especially when noteworthy or notorious for such characteristics.

nefariousness n
infamie malfaisance
The state or characteristic of being nefarious.

negate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ v
nier
To deny the existence, evidence, or truth of; to contradict.

negation /nəˈɡeɪʃən/ negations n
négation
(uncountable) The act of negating something.
(countable) A denial or contradiction.
(logic) The logical operation which obtains such (negated) propositions.

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ more negative most negative adj
négatif négative
Not positive nor neutral.
(physics) Of electrical charge of an electron and related particles [from the 18th c.]
strictement négatif négatif
(mathematics) Of a number: less than zero
négatif
(linguistics, logic) Denying a proposition.
Damaging; undesirable; unfavourable.

negative /-ɾɪv/ /ˈnɛ(e)ɡəˌɾɪv/ /ˈnɛɡətɪv/ negatives n
négatif film négatif
(photography) An image in which dark areas represent light ones, and the converse. [from 19th c.]

negative Nancy negative Nancies n
pisse-froid poupée qui fait non
(pejorative, informal) A person who is considered excessively and disagreeably pessimistic.

negative clause negative clauses n
phrase négative
(grammar) a clause that states a negative

negative verb negative verbs n
verbe négatif
An auxiliary verb used for negation in certain languages.

negative zero negative zeroes negative zeros n
zéro négatif
(computing) A signed magnitude representation of zero in which the sign bit indicates a negative number.

negativism negativisms n
négativisme
A persistent pessimistic or skeptical attitude.

neglect /nɪˈɡlɛkt/ neglects n
négligence
The act of neglecting.
Habitual lack of care.

neglect /nɪˈɡlɛkt/ v
négliger
(transitive) To fail to care for or attend to something.
(transitive) To omit to notice; to forbear to treat with attention or respect; to slight.

neglected /nɪˈɡlɛktɪd/ more neglected most neglected adj
négligé
Suffering from neglect.

neglectful more neglectful most neglectful adj
négligent
Tending to neglect; failing to take care of matters which require attention.

negligence /ˈnɛɡlɪd͡ʒəns/ negligences n
négligence coupable négligence
(legal, uncountable) The breach of a duty of care: the failure to exercise a standard of care that a reasonable person would have in a similar situation.

negligent /ˈnɛɡ.lɪ.d͡ʒənt/ more negligent most negligent adj
négligent
(legal) Culpable due to negligence.

negligently more negligently most negligently adv
négligemment
In a negligent manner: carelessly or inattentively.

negligible /ˈnɛɡlɪd͡ʒɪbəl/ more negligible most negligible adj
négligeable
Able to be neglected, ignored or excluded from consideration; too small or unimportant to be of concern.

negotiability negotiabilities n
négociabilité
The state of being negotiable.

negotiable /nɪˈɡoʊʃəbəl/ /nɪˈɡəʉʃəbəl/ /nɪˈɡəʊʃəbəl/ more negotiable most negotiable adj
négociable
Open to negotiation or bargaining.

negotiable instrument negotiable instruments n
effet de commerce
(legal, banking, business) a legal document, as a cheque or bill of exchange, that is freely negotiable.

negotiate /nəˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʉ.si.æɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʉ.ʃi.æɪt/ /nɪˈɡəʊ.si.eɪt/ v
négocier
(intransitive) To confer with others in order to come to terms or reach an agreement.
(transitive) To arrange or settle something by mutual agreement.
(transitive) To succeed in coping with, or getting over something.

negotiating table negotiating tables n
table des négociations
A place or table where people carry out negotiations, with the object of reaching an agreement.

negotiation /nəˌɡoʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡoʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡəʊ.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /nɪˌɡəʊ.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ negotiations n
négociation
The process of achieving agreement through discussion.

negotiator /nəˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪ.tə/ /nɪˈɡoʊ.ʃi.eɪ.tɚ/ /nɪˈɡəʊ.si.eɪ.tə/ /nɪˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪ.tə/ negotiators n
négociateur négociant négociatrice
One who negotiates.
diplomate négociateur négociatrice
A diplomat, moderator.

negress /ˈniːɡɹɪs/ negresses n
négresse noire
(dated, literary, now, offensive, and, an, _) A black female.

negritude /ˈnɛɡɹɪtjuːd/ negritudes n
négritude

negro /ˈniɡɹoʊ/ /ˈniːɡɹəʊ/ /ˈnɪɡɹə/ adj
nègre
(dated, offensive) Relating to a black ethnicity.

negro /ˈniɡɹoʊ/ /ˈniːɡɹəʊ/ /ˈnɪɡɹə/ negroes negros n
nègre
(dated, now, offensive) A person of Black African ancestry.

negroid more negroid most negroid adj
négroïde
(anthropology, dated, offensive) Pertaining to a racial classification of humanity including people indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa and their diaspora in other parts of the world.

negroid negroids n
négroïde
(anthropology, dated, offensive) A person with characteristics of Africans, particularly coiled hair and dark skin.

negrolatry n
négrolatrie
(now, offensive, rare) Excessive admiration and respect for people of African descent.

negroni /nəˈɡɹoʊni/ /nɪˈɡɹəʊnɪ/ negronis n
negroni
A cocktail consisting of gin, Campari and vermouth, usually in equal parts.

negrophobic more negrophobic most negrophobic adj
négrophobe
Having a fear or loathing of black people.

negus /ˈniːɡəs/ neguses n
négus négous
(historical) A ruler of Abyssinia (Ethiopia), or of a province of Ethiopia; specifically, the king of Ethiopia before 1974.

neigh /neɪ/ neighs n
hennissement
The cry of a horse.

neigh /neɪ/ v
hennir
(of a horse) To make its cry.
To make a sound similar to a horse's cry.

neighborhood /ˈneɪbə.hʊd/ /ˈneɪbɚˌhʊd/ neighborhoods n
voisinage quartier environs
The residential area near one's home.
voisinage
A set containing an open set which contains some specified point.

neighboring /ˈneɪbəɹɪŋ/ /ˈneɪbɹɪŋ/ adj
voisin adjacent avoisinant
(American spelling) Situated or living nearby or adjacent to.

neighbour /ˈneɪbə/ /ˈneɪbɚ/ neighbours n
voisin voisine
A person living on adjacent or nearby land; a person situated adjacently or nearby; anything (of the same type of thing as the subject) in an adjacent or nearby position.
prochain prochaine
(biblical) A fellow human being.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ adv
non plus
Similarly not.

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ determiner
aucun des deux
Not one of two; not either.
ni X ni Y
Not either (used with nor).

neither /ˈnaɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈnaɪ.ðɚ/ /ˈneɪ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈni.ðɚ/ /ˈniː.ðə(ɹ)/ pronoun
non plus
aucun
Not either one of two.

neither fish nor fowl /ˌnaɪðə ˈfɪʃ nɔː ˈfaʊl/ /ˌnaɪðɚ ˈfɪʃ nɔɹ ˈfaʊl/ /ˌni-/ /ˌniː-/ adj
mi-figue mi-raisin ni chair ni poisson
(idiomatic) Not easily categorized; not rightly belonging or fitting well in a given group or situation; also, not having the advantages of the various options.

neither fish, flesh, nor good red herring adj
ni chair ni poisson
(idiomatic) Synonym of neither fish nor fowl (“not easily categorized; not rightly belonging or fitting well in a given group or situation; also, not having the advantages of the various options”)

neither here nor there adj
n'avoir rien à voir
(idiomatic) Having no influence or significance on the issue at hand.

neither … nor conjunction
ni … ni
used for showing that something is not true of two or more people, things, actions, qualities, or ideas (This entry is a translation hub.)

nekton nektons n
necton
(zoology) All organisms in the ocean that are capable of swimming independently of currents.

nematic more nematic most nematic adj
nématique
(physics, chemistry, of certain liquid crystals) Whose molecules align in loose parallel lines.

nematode /ˈnɛm.ə.təʊd/ /ˈnɛm.əˌtoʊd/ nematodes n
nématode
(zoology) A worm of the large phylum Nematoda, such as a roundworm or threadworm.

nemophila nemophilas n
némophile

nemorous /ˈnɛməɹəs/ more nemorous most nemorous adj
boisé
(rare) Forested; full of trees, dark with shady groves.

nene /ˈneɪneɪ/ /ˈneɪˌneɪ/ nene nenes n
bernache néné
The Hawaiian goose, Branta sandvicensis, which was designated the state bird of Hawaii in 1957.

neo-Darwinism n
néo-darwinisme

neo-Gothic adj
néo-gothique
(architecture, literature) Of or relating to a more recent iteration of a Gothic style.

neo-Lamarckian adj
néolamarckien
Relating to Neo-Lamarckism

neo-Lamarckian neo-Lamarckians n
néolamarckien

neo-Latin adj
néo-latin
Of or pertaining to the Neo-Latin language.

neo-Nazi /ˌnioʊˈnɑːtsi/ neo-Nazis n
néo-nazi
A person who believes in neo-Nazism

neo-Nazism neo-Nazisms n
néonazisme
The ideology held by neo-Nazis; post-WWII Nazism.

neo-colony neo-colonies n
néocolonie
A country, especially a former colony, controlled or dominated by another country, by the use of economic pressure, political suppression and cultural dominance.

neo-pagan adj
néopaïen
Of or relating to neo-paganism, a modern form of paganism.

neo-testamentary /ˌnioʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌniːəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌniːəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntɹi/ [-ɾə-] adj
novotestamentaire néotestamentaire
Of or pertaining to the New Testament of the Bible.

neoclassicism neoclassicisms n
néoclassicisme
Any of several movements in the arts, architecture, literature and music that revived forms from earlier centuries.

neocortex neocortexes neocortices n
néocortex
(neuroanatomy) The top layer of the cerebral hemispheres in the brain of mammals; part of the cerebral cortex.

neocyte neocytes n
néocyte

neodymium /nɪə(ʊ)ˈdɪmɪəm/ /ˌniː.oʊˈdɪmiəm/ neodymiums n
néodyme
A chemical element (symbol Nd) with an atomic number of 60: a hard, slightly malleable silvery metal that quickly tarnishes in air and moisture.

neofascism neofascisms n
néofascisme
A right-wing political movement inspired by fascism, especially by that of fascist Italy.

neofascist more neofascist most neofascist adj
néofasciste
Of or pertaining to neofascism.

neofascist neofascists n
néofasciste
A follower of neofascism.

neoguelphism n
néoguelfisme néo-guelfisme
A movement in Italy that seeks the active presence of the Catholic Church in politics

neoimperialism /ˌniːəʊ.ɪmˈpɪəɹiəlɪzəm/ neoimperialisms n
néo-impérialisme
(politics) Modern imperialistic practices, such as using power and influence to dominate smaller countries. [20th c.]

neokoros neokoroi n
néocore

neoliberalism neoliberalisms n
néolibéralisme
A political ideology or ideological trend based on neoclassical economics that espouses economic liberalism, favouring trade liberalisation, financial deregulation, a small government, privatisation and liberalisation of government businesses, passive antitrust enforcement, accepting greater economic inequality and disfavouring unionisation.

neolithic more neolithic most neolithic adj
néolithique
(informal) hopelessly outdated

neologism /niːˈɒləd͡ʒɪzəm/ neologisms n
néologisme
(linguistics, lexicography, countable) A word or phrase which has recently been coined; a new word or phrase, or an existing one which has gained a new meaning.
(psychiatry) The newly coined, meaningless words or phrases of someone with a psychosis, usually schizophrenia.

neomodern more neomodern most neomodern adj
néomoderne
(arts, architecture) Of or pertaining to a "new simplicity" in reaction to the complexity of postmodern architecture and eclecticism.

neon /ˈni.ɒn/ neons n
néon
(countable) A form or sample of the element.

neonatal adj
néonatal
Of or pertaining to the period of time immediately following birth, or to the newborn.

neonaticide neonaticides n
néonaticide
The murder of a newborn within 24 hours of birth.
The murderer of a newborn (anyone who practices or who has practiced this kind of murder).

neonatology /ˌniːəʊnəˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ neonatologies n
néonatologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant.

neonicotinoid neonicotinoids n
néonicotinoïde
(organic chemistry) Any of a certain class of insecticides that act on the central nervous system in a similar way to nicotine.

neontology n
néontologie
(biology) The study of organisms living in the current era, as opposed to organisms that are extinct.

neopaganism n
néopaganisme
A modern or revived form of paganism; modern pagan religion.

neopenis neopenises n
néo-pénis
A surgically constructed penis, as of a transgender man who has undergone sex reassignment surgery, or a cisgender man who lacked a penis due to a congenital defect, illness, or injury.

neophilia /niːəˈfɪ.li.ə/ neophilias n
néophilie
The love of novelty, new things, innovation, or unfamiliar places or situations.

neophobia /niːəˈfəʊbɪə/ neophobias n
neophobie
The fear or hatred of novelty, new things, innovation, or unfamiliar places or situations.

neophyte /ˈni.əˌfaɪt/ neophytes n
néophyte
A beginner; a person who is new to a subject, skill, or belief.
(Christianity) A name given by the early Christians, and still given by the Roman Catholics, to those who have recently embraced the Christian faith, and been admitted to baptism, especially those converts from heathenism or Judaism.

neoplasm /ˈniːoʊˌplæzəm/ neoplasms n
néoplasme tumeur
(pathology, oncology) An abnormal new growth of disorganized tissue in animals or plants.

neoplastic adj
néoplastique
of or relating to a neoplasm, neoplastics, neoplasty or neoplasia

neoprene /ˈniɵpɹin/ neoprenes n
néoprène
A synthetic rubber, a polymer of chloroprene, commonly used in wetsuits, laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces, electrical insulation, liquid and sheet-applied elastomeric membranes and flashings, car fan belts, etc.

neopronoun neopronouns n
néopronom
A pronoun used in place of he, she, or singular they, especially one of the modern coinages used by some non-binary people.

neoromanticism n
néoromantisme

neoteny /niˈɑːtəni/ /niˈɒtəni/ neotenies n
néoténie
(biology) The retention of juvenile characteristics in the adult.
(biology) The sexual maturity of an organism still in its larval stage.

neovagina /ˌni.oʊ.vəˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ /ˌni.ə.vəˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ neovaginas n
néo-vagin
A surgically crafted vagina, as of a trans woman who has undergone sex reassignment surgery, or any woman who lacked a vagina due to a congenital defect, illness, or injury.

neovaginal adj
néo-vaginal

neovaginoplasty neovaginoplasties n
néovaginoplastie

nephelinic adj
nephelinique

nephelinite nephelinites n
néphélinite

nephelometry n
néphélométrie

nephew /ˈnɛf.ju/ /ˈnɛv.ju/ nephews n
neveu
A son of one's sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either a son of one's brother (fraternal nephew) or a son of one's sister (sororal nephew).

nephew-in-law nephews-in-law n
beau-neveu

nephrite /ˈnɛfˌɹaɪt/ nephrites n
néphrite
(mineral) A semi-precious stone, one of the two types of stone commonly referred to as jade (the other being jadeite).

nephritis nephritides nephritises n
néphrite
(pathology) Inflammation of the kidney.

nephrocyte nephrocytes n
néphrocyte

nephrologist nephrologists n
néphrologue
A physician whose speciality is nephrology.

nephrology /nəˈfɹɒlədʒi/ n
néphrologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the function and diseases of the kidneys.

nephron nephrons n
néphron
(anatomy) The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney, which filters the blood in order to regulate chemical concentrations, and thereby produces urine.

nephropexy n
néphropexie

nephrosis nephroses n
néphrose
(pathology) A non-inflammatory disease of the kidneys that is characterised by the leaking of blood protein into the urine, swelling or oedema, and degenerative lesions.

nephrotoxic more nephrotoxic most nephrotoxic adj
néphrotoxique
that is poisonous to kidney tissue

nephrotoxicity nephrotoxicities n
néphrotoxicité
The state or condition of being nephrotoxic; toxicity that damages kidneys.

nephrotoxin nephrotoxins n
néphrotoxine
Any nephrotoxic substance.

nepoticide /-ɾə-/ /nəˈpɑtəsaɪd/ /nəˈpɒtɪsaɪd/ nepoticides n
népoticide
(countable, uncountable) The killing of one's own nephew.

nepotism /ˈnɛp.ə.tɪ.zəm/ nepotisms n
népotisme copinage
The favoring of relatives (most strictly) or also personal friends (more broadly) because of their relationship rather than because of their abilities.

nepotism baby nepotism babies n
fille de fils de
(slang, derogatory) A person, especially a celebrity, whose success in an occupation or field is perceived as attributable at least partly to their parent's influence or support (as a necessary input albeit not the sole one).

neptunium /nɛpˈtjuːniəm/ /nɛpˈtuːniəm/ n
neptunium
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 93 and symbol Np.

ner /nɜː/ interjection
na nananananère nananère
(slang, childish) An interjection generally used when gloating about a perceived cause of humiliation or inferiority for the person being addressed, often when disagreeing with a statement considered incorrect or irrelevant.

nerd /nɜːd/ /nɝːd/ nerds n
nerd
(slang, sometimes, _, derogatory) A person who is intellectual but generally introverted.

nereid /ˈnɪəɹiɪd/ nereides nereids n
néréide
(Greek mythology) One of 50 sea nymphs who were attendants upon Poseidon (Neptune), and were represented as riding on sea horses, sometimes in human form and sometimes with the tail of a fish.

nerf /nɜːf/ /nɝf/ v
nerfer
(transitive, slang) To arbitrarily limit or reduce the capability of.

nerite nerites n
nérite
Any snail of the genus Nerita, or more generally, of the family Neritidae.

neritic adj
néritique

neroli /ˈnɛɹəli/ /ˈnɪəɹəli/ nerolis n
néroli
More fully neroli oil or oil of neroli: an essential oil distilled from the blossoms of the bitter orange or Seville orange (Citrus × aurantium subsp. amara) used to make perfumes.

nervation nervations n
nervation
A pattern of nerves, e.g. as seen on a leaf.

nerve /nɛɾv/ /nɜɪv/ /nɜːv/ /nɝv/ nerves n
nerf
A bundle of neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics.
(nonstandard, colloquial) A neuron.
Patience; stamina; endurance, fortitude.
nervure
(botany) A vein in a leaf; a grain in wood.
toupet cran culot
Courage; boldness; audacity; gall.

nerve cell nerve cells n
cellule nerveuse neurone
(cytology) A cell of the nervous system which conducts nerve impulses; a neuron.

nerve center nerve centers n
centre nerveux
(anatomy) A point at which nerves come together for the processing of signals.
centre névralgique
(figuratively) A physical location in a business, organization, or agency where information procured from different sources is brought together to be considered and acted upon by decision-makers.

nerve gas nerve gases n
gaz innervant
A toxic chemical compound and banned weapon of mass destruction which, when inhaled or ingested, impairs nervous system functions, typically causing extreme physical distress and death by asphyxiation.

nerve impulse nerve impulses n
influx nerveux potentiel d'action
(physiology) The signal transmitted along a nerve fibre, either in response to a stimulus (such as touch, pain or heat), or as an instruction (such as causing a muscle to contract).

nerve of the pterygoid canal nerves of the pterygoid canals n
nerf du canal ptérygoïdien
(neuroanatomy) A nerve formed by the union of the greater petrosal and the deep petrosal nerves that passes forward through the pterygoid canal in the sphenoid bone and joins the pterygopalatine ganglion.

nervous /ˈnɑvəs/ /ˈnɜːvəs/ /ˈnɝːvəs/ more nervous most nervous adj
nerveux
Apprehensive, anxious, hesitant, worried. [from 18th c.]
Easily agitated or alarmed; edgy, on edge. [from 18th c.]
Affecting or involving the nerves or nervous system. [from 15th c.]

nervous system nervous systems n
système nerveux
An organ system whose principal constituent is nervous tissue that coordinates the activities of muscles, monitors organs, constructs and processes data received from the senses, and initiates actions.

nervously more nervously most nervously adv
nerveusement
In a nervous manner; feeling or displaying nervousness.

nervousness nervousnesses n
nervosité
The state or quality of being nervous.

nesh /nɛʃ/ nesher neshest adj
frileux frileuse
(now, _, UK, _, dialectal) Delicate; weak; poor-spirited; susceptible to cold weather, harsh conditions etc.

nest /nɛst/ nests n
nid
A structure built by a bird as a place to incubate eggs and rear young.
A place used by another mammal, fish, amphibian or insect, for depositing eggs and hatching young.
A home that a child or young adult shares with a parent or guardian.
nid chez-moi chez-soi
A snug, comfortable, or cosy residence or job situation.
refuge nid
A retreat, or place of habitual resort.
repaire nid
A hideout for bad people to frequent or haunt; a den.

nest /nɛst/ v
nicher nidifier
(intransitive, of animals) To build or settle into a nest.
emménager nicher
(intransitive) To settle into a home.
s'emboîter
(intransitive) To successively neatly fit inside another.
emboîter
(transitive) To place one thing neatly inside another, and both inside yet another (and so on).

nest egg nest eggs n
bas de laine
(figurative) A saving; a reserve of money.

nested adj
imbriqué
Successively fitted one inside another.

nesting /ˈnɛstɪŋ/ nestings n
nidification
The process by which a bird nests.

nestle /ˈnɛsəl/ v
se nicher se pelotonner
To settle oneself comfortably and snugly.
se pelotonner
To press oneself against another affectionately.

nestling /ˈnɛstlɪŋ/ nestlings n
oisillon
A small, young bird that is still confined to the nest.

net /nɛt/ adj
net
Remaining after expenses or deductions.

net /nɛt/ nets n
filet réseau
A mesh of string, cord or rope.
A device made from such mesh, used for catching fish, butterflies, etc.
Anything that has the appearance of such a device.
(by extension) A trap.
net
The amount remaining after expenses are deducted; profit.
réseau filet
A system that interconnects a number of users, locations etc. allowing transport or communication between them.

net curtain net curtains n
voilage
A thin curtain that allows light into a room but prevents people outside from seeing inside.

net income net incomes n
résultat net
Gross profit minus operating expenses and taxes.

net profit net profits n
bénéfice net
(finance) The gross revenue minus all expenses

net sales n
chiffre d'affaires
(business) The value of sales generated by a company after deduction of returns, discounts and the value of damaged or lost goods.

net weight net weights n
poids net
The weight of a product (especially food) without the weight of its packaging.

net worth net worths n
avoirs fortune
(accounting) The total assets minus total liabilities of an individual or a company.

netball /ˈnɛtbɔːl/ /ˈnɛtˌbɔl/ netballs n
netball
(uncountable) A (usually women's) team sport derived from basketball, with seven players on each side who attempt to score goals by passing a ball and throwing it into the opponent's goal, which is a raised hoop with a net at one end of the playing area. Unlike basketball, a player in possession of the ball cannot move until the ball is passed to another player.

netbook netbooks n
miniportable miniportatif netbook
(computing) An economical notebook computer.

nether /nɛð.ə/ /nɛð.ɚ/ nethermore nethermost adj
inférieur
Lower; under.
souterrain
Lying beneath, or conceived as lying beneath, the Earth’s surface.

netherworld netherworlds n
enfers inframonde
The locale of the spirit world or afterlife, whether deemed to be situated below the world of the living or not.

netiquette netiquettes n
nétiquette
(Internet) Conduct while online that is appropriate and courteous to other Internet users, and may be expected or enforced by others.

netizen netizens n
netizen
(internet) A member of the community of Internet users.

netsuke /nɛt.ˈsu.keɪ/ /nɛt.ˈsu.ki/ /ˈnɛt.skeɪ/ /ˈnɛt.ski/ netsuke netsukes n
netsuke
A small, often collectible, artistic carving characterized by an opening or two small holes (紐通し), most commonly made of wood or ivory, used as a fob at the end of a cord attached to a suspended pouch containing pens, medicines, or tobacco. Netsuke originated in feudal Japan in the late 16th and 17th centuries.

nettle /ˈnɛt(ə)l/ nettles n
ortie
Especially, most species of herb genus Urtica, the stinging nettles:

nettle /ˈnɛt(ə)l/ v
irriter piquer
(transitive) Of the nettle plant and similar physical causes, to sting, causing a rash in someone.
irriter piquer vexer
(transitive, figurative) To pique, irritate, vex or provoke.

network /ˈnɛt.wɜːk/ /ˈnɛt.wɝk/ networks n
tissus
A fabric or structure of fibrous elements attached to each other at regular intervals.
réseau
Any interconnected group or system
A directory of people maintained for their advancement
réseau réseau informatique
(computing, Internet) Multiple computers and other devices connected together to share information

network /ˈnɛt.wɜːk/ /ˈnɛt.wɝk/ v
construire un réseau réseauter établir un réseau
(intransitive) To interact socially for the purpose of getting connections or personal advancement.
mettre en réseau
(transitive) To connect two or more computers or other computerized devices.
(transitive) To interconnect a group or system.
diffuser sur l'ensemble du réseau
(transitive, broadcasting) To broadcast across an entire network of stations and affiliates at the same time.

network card network cards n
carte réseau
A card that allows a computer to be connected to a network.

network effect network effects n
effet de réseau
(economics) The higher growth rate of businesses with higher market share in those segments of economy in which the value of a product or service depends on the compounding effects of the number of existing users of the product or a service, as is the case with telephone networks.

network neutrality n
neutralité du réseau
(networking) A principle proposed for user-access networks participating in the Internet that advocates no restrictions by ISPs or government on the content, sites, platforms, equipment, and modes of communication over the network.

network subsystem network subsystems n
sous-système réseau
(telecommunications) The central subsystem of a particular mobile phone operating company in a GSM network.

networking /ˈnɛtˌwɜː(r)kɪŋ/ n
mise en réseau
The use of computer networks.
mise en réseau réseautage
The process of meeting new people in a business or social context.

neume /n(j)um/ /njuːm/ neumes n
neume
(music) Any of a set of signs used in early musical notation.

neural /ˈnjəɹəl/ /ˈnjʊəɹəl/ /ˈnɝəl/ /ˈnʊɹəl/ adj
neural
(biology) Of, or relating to the nerves, neurons or the nervous system.

neural crest neural crests n
crête neurale
(embryology) A strip of ectodermal material in the early vertebrate embryo inserted between the prospective neural plate and the epidermis.

neural network neural networks n
réseau neuronal
(ML) A real or virtual computer system designed to emulate the brain in its ability to "learn" to assess imprecise data.
(anatomy) Any network of neurons etc., that function together to achieve a common purpose.

neural plate neural plates n
plaque neurale
(anatomy) a thick, flat bundle of ectoderm formed in vertebrate embryos after induction by the notochord

neural spine neural spines n
neurépine
(anatomy) The spinous process of a vertebra.

neuralgia neuralgias n
névralgie
(pathology, neurology) An acute, severe, intermittent pain that radiates along a nerve.

neuralgic adj
névralgique
(neurology, pathology) Pertaining to or affected by neuralgia.

neurasthenic /ˌnjʊəɹəsˈθɛnɪk/ /ˌnʊɹəsˈθɛnɪk/ more neurasthenic most neurasthenic adj
neurasthénique
Of or pertaining to neurasthenia; that is, tendencies of a person who has suffered a nervous breakdown.

neurite neurites n
neurite
(neuroanatomy) Any projection from the body of a neuron; either a dendrite or an axon

neuro- /ˈn(j)ʉːɹɐʉ/ /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊ/ /ˈnjʊəɹəʊ/ prefix
neuro-
Nerves, nervous tissue, or the nervous system.

neuroanatomy /njʊəɹəʊəˈnatəmi/ neuroanatomies n
neuroanatomie
(anatomy) The anatomy of the nervous system. [from 20th c.]

neurobiology neurobiologies n
neurobiologie
(biology) The scientific study of nerve and brain function in people and animals.

neuroblast neuroblasts n
neuroblaste
The embryonic cell that develops into a nerve cell

neuroblastoma neuroblastomas neuroblastomata n
neuroblastome
(oncology) A form of cancer that affects the ganglia in various parts of the body

neurodegeneration neurodegenerations n
neurodégénérescence
The degeneration (and death) of neurons.

neurodegenerative more neurodegenerative most neurodegenerative adj
neurodégénératif
(neurology, pathology) Of, pertaining to, or resulting in the progressive loss of nerve cells and of neurologic function.

neurodiversity /-də-/ /-dɪ-/ /ˌn(j)ʊɹoʊˌdaɪˈvɝsəti/ /ˌnjʊəɹə(ʊ)daɪˈvɜːsɪti/ [-ɾi] neurodiversities n
neurodiversité
The variety of configurations of the brain, especially with regard to autism.

neurodystonic adj
neurodystonique

neuroepithelial adj
neuroépithélial
Of or relating to the neuroepithelium

neurofibromatosis neurofibromatoses n
neurofibromatose
(medicine) A genetic disorder characterized by the presence of multiple neurofibromas under the skin.

neurogenesis n
neurogenèse

neuroglia neuroglia neuroglias n
névroglie
(cytology) glial cell

neuroglobin neuroglobins n
neuroglobine

neurohypophysis neurohypophyses n
neurohypophyse
(anatomy) The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, responsible for the release of oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also called vasopressin.

neurohypophysis hormone neurohypophysis hormones n
hormone de la neurohypophyse
(biochemistry) either of two peptide hormones secreted by the neurohypophysis

neurolemma neurolemmas neurolemmata n
neurolemme
(neurology) the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron.

neurolinguistics n
neurolinguistique
(linguistics) Science concerned with the human brain mechanisms underlying the comprehension, production and abstract knowledge of language, be it spoken, signed or written.

neurological adj
neurologique
Dealing with neurology, the study of the nervous system or the health care specialty that provides care for it.

neurologist neurologists n
neurologue neurologiste
A doctor or scientist who practices or specializes in neurology.

neurology /n(j)uˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ neurologies n
neurologie
The branch of medicine that deals with the disorders of nervous system including the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system and the nerves, muscles, and neuromuscular junction of the peripheral nervous system.

neuroma neuromas neuromata n
névrome
(pathology) A tumour composed of nerve cells.

neuromuscular adj
neuromusculaire
(anatomy) Pertaining to the voluntary or reflexive control of muscles by nerves.

neuron /ˈn(j)uɹɑn/ /ˈn(j)ɝɑn/ /ˈn(j)ʊɹɑn/ /ˈnjəɹɑn/ /ˈnjʊəɹɒn/ neura neurons n
neurone cellule nerveuse
(cytology) A cell of the nervous system, which conducts nerve impulses; consisting of an axon and several dendrites. Neurons are connected by synapses.

neuronal adj
neuronal
of, or relating to a neuron

neuropathologist neuropathologists n
neuropathologiste

neuropeptide neuropeptides n
neuropeptide
(neurotransmitter) Any of several peptides, such as endorphins, that function as neurotransmitters.

neuroplasticity neuroplasticities n
neuroplasticité
The state or quality of being neuroplastic, of having a brain that adapts to experience.

neuropsychiatry n
neuropsychiatrie
(medicine) The branch of medicine dealing with disorders that have both neurological and psychiatric features

neuropsychology n
neuropsychologie
A branch of neurology and of clinical psychology that investigates the physiological basis of psychological processes.

neuroscience neurosciences n
neuroscience
The scientific study of the nervous system.

neuroscientist neuroscientists n
neuroscientifique
A scientist whose speciality is neuroscience.

neurosecretion neurosecretions n
neurosécrétion
the synthesis and release of hormones by neurons
a hormone so secreted

neurosis neuroses n
névrose
(pathology) A mental disorder, less severe than psychosis, marked by anxiety or fear which differ from normal measures by their intensity, which disorder results from a failure to compromise or properly adjust during the developmental stages of life, between normal human instinctual impulses and the demands of human society.

neurosurgeon neurosurgeons n
neurochirurgien neurochirurgienne
A surgeon specializing in brain surgery.

neurosurgery neurosurgeries n
neurochirurgie
(neurology, surgery, uncountable) The surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases.
(neurology, surgery, countable) Any surgical procedure performed on the nervous system, especially the brain.

neurotic /n(j)əˈɹɒtɪk/ /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ adj
névrotique psychotique
(informal) Overly anxious.

neurotic /n(j)əˈɹɒtɪk/ /n(j)ʊəˈɹɒtɪk/ neurotics n
névrotique psychotique
A person who has a neurosis

neurotoxic more neurotoxic most neurotoxic adj
neurotoxique
(toxicology, neuroscience, pharmaceutical effect) Having a toxic effect on nerve tissue.

neurotoxin /ˈn(j)ʊɹoʊtɑksɪn/ neurotoxins n
neurotoxine
(neuroscience, toxicology, pharmaceutical drug) A toxin that specifically acts upon neurons, their synapses, or the nervous system in its entirety.

neurotransmission /ˌnjɔːɹəʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/ /ˌnjʊəɹəʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/ /ˌnɝoʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/ /ˌnʊɹoʊtɹænzˈmɪʃən/ neurotransmissions n
neurotransmission
(neurology) The transfer of impulses between neurons.

neurotransmitter neurotransmitters n
neurotransmetteur
(biochemistry, neuroscience) Any substance, such as acetylcholine or dopamine, responsible for sending nerve signals across a synapse between two neurons.

neurotropic more neurotropic most neurotropic adj
neurotropique
(pharmaceutical effect) Of or pertaining to neurotropism.

neurotypical more neurotypical most neurotypical adj
neurotypique
Having a normal (usual, ordinary) way of processing sensory, linguistic, and social information; often to contrast with autistic.

neurovascular adj
neurovasculaire
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to both nerves and blood vessels.

neurovegetative adj
neuro-végétatif

neurulation neurulations n
neurulation
(embryology) The process by which the beginnings of the vertebrate nervous system is formed in embryos.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ more neuter most neuter adj
impartial neutre
(now, uncommon) Neutral; on neither side; neither one thing nor another.
neutre
(grammar) Having a form which is not masculine nor feminine; or having a form which is not of common gender.
asexuel
(biology) Sexless: having no or imperfectly developed sex organs.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ neuters n
neutre
(grammar) A noun of the neuter gender; any one of those words which have the terminations usually found in neuter words.

neuter /ˈn(j)utɚ/ /ˈnjuːtə/ v
castrer châtrer
To remove sex organs from an animal to prevent it from having offspring; to castrate or spay, particularly as applied to domestic animals.

neutral /ˈnjuːtɹəl/ /ˈnuːtɹəl/ [ˈnuːt͡ʃɹəl] more neutral most neutral adj
neutre
(politics) Not taking sides in a conflict such as war; nonaligned.
Neither beneficial nor harmful.
(physics) Neither positive nor negative; possessing no charge or equivalent positive and negative charge such that there is no imbalance.
(chemistry) Having a pH of or near 7, neither acidic nor alkaline.
asexué neutre
(biology) Having no sex; neuter.

neutral /ˈnjuːtɹəl/ /ˈnuːtɹəl/ [ˈnuːt͡ʃɹəl] neutrals n
point mort
The position of a set of gears in which power cannot be transmitted to the drive mechanism.

neutral current neutral currents n
courant neutre
(physics) An exchange current which carries no electric charge and mediates certain types of electroweak interactions.

neutralino neutralinos n
neutralino
(physics) Any of several hypothetical particles, predicted by supersymmetry, related to neutrinos.

neutrality /njuːˈtɹæləti/ /nuˈtɹæləti/ neutralities n
neutralité
The state or quality of being neutral; the condition of being unengaged in contests between others; state of taking no part on either side.

neutralization neutralizations n
neutralisation
The act of neutralizing.

neutralize /ˈnjuːtɹəlaɪz/ /ˈnutɹəˌlaɪz/ v
neutraliser
(transitive) To make even, inactive or ineffective.
(transitive, chemistry) To make (an acidic or alkaline substance) chemically neutral.

neutrinic adj
neutrinique
(physics) Relating to neutrinos.

neutrino /njuːˈtɹiːnəʊ/ /nuˈtɹinoʊ/ neutrinos n
neutrino
An elementary particle that is classified as a lepton, and has an extremely small but nonzero mass and no electric charge. It interacts with the surroundings only via the weak force or gravitation, making it very difficult to detect.

neutrino astronomy n
astronomie neutrino
(astronomy) The detection and study of neutrinos, in order to investigate astronomical objects and the universe.

neutron /ˈn(j)uː.tɹɒn/ /ˈnu.tɹɑn/ neutrons n
neutron
(particle) A subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and having no charge; it is a combination of an up quark and two down quarks.

neutron bomb neutron bombs n
bombe à neutrons
An atomic bomb that produces a greater amount of neutrons, and a lesser amount of blast; the intention being to create equal lethal neutron radiation and blast radii which increases the effectiveness of the weapon against armour while reducing collateral damage.

neutron diffraction neutron diffractions n
diffraction de neutrons
(physics) The interference process which occurs when neutrons are scattered by the atoms within solids, liquids and gases.

neutron interferometer neutron interferometers n
interféromètre à neutrons
(quantum mechanics, nuclear physics) a device capable of diffracting neutrons and studying their wavelike characteristics

neutron optics n
optique neutronique
(physics) The general field of study that employs the wavelike character of neutrons.

neutron scattering n
diffusion neutronique
(physics) any of several techniques that use the wavelike behaviour of neutrons as a scientific probe

neutron spectrometry n
spectrométrie neutronique
(physics) The field of study in which neutrons are used as a probe for measuring the excited states of nuclides.

neutron star neutron stars n
étoile à neutrons
(star) A degenerate star that has been so collapsed by gravity that its electrons and protons have been merged into neutrons by the intense pressure. The solid mass of neutrons is sometimes called neutronium.

neutronic adj
neutronique
(physics) Relating to neutrons or to neutronics

neutronium n
neutronium
(physics) A hypothetical gravitationally bound system of a neutron and an antineutron (the onium of a neutron), not predicted to exist under normal circumstances.

neutrophil /ˈnjuːtɹəfɪl/ adj
neutrophile
(biology, medicine) Of a cell: being more easily or more fully stained by neutral dyes than by acidic or alkaline (basic) ones.

never /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈnɛv.ɚ/ adv
jamais
At no time; on no occasion; in no circumstance.

never again adv
jamais plus plus jamais
(set phrase) At no time in the future; usually said of a negative event, practice, etc which should not be allowed to reoccur.

never ever adv
au grand jamais jamais au grand jamais jamais de la vie
(emphatic) never

never in a month of Sundays adv
la semaine des quatre jeudis
(idiomatic) At no time whatsoever.

never mind /ˈnɛ.vɚˌmaɪnd/ /ˈnɛv.ə(ɹ)ˌmaɪnd/ v
tant pis ça ne fait rien ce n'est pas grave peu importe qu'importe
(hortative) It is not important; do not fret; used to reassure or comfort the person to whom it is said.
il n'y a pas besoin informally ne te préoccupe pas de ne vous préoccupez pas de
(hortative) Do not be concerned (about someone or something, or about doing something).
laisse tomber
(hortative) Indicates a withdrawal or retractment of a previous statement.

never say die interjection
accrochez-vous il ne faut jamais baisser les bras ne baissez jamais les bras ne vous laissez pas abattre tenez bon
Do not despair; the outlook may be better than it seems, so don't give up

never say never phraseologicalUnit
il ne faut jamais dire jamais ne jamais dire jamais

neverending adj
interminable à n'en plus finir
Having no end or being endless.

neverland neverlands n
pays imaginaire
An ideal or imaginary place; a dreamworld.

nevertheless /ˈnɛvəðəlɛs/ /ˈnɛvɚðəlɛs/ adv
néanmoins pourtant cependant toutefois malgré tout nonobstant
(conjunctive) In spite of what preceded; yet.

nevus flammeus nuchae n
nævus simplex
(medicine) A congenital and usually temporary capillary malformation in a newborn. It is generally pink and flat, and is caused by the dilation of blood vessels.

new /n(j)u/ /njuː/ /njʉː/ /nɪu̯/ newer newest adj
nouveau neuf nouvel
Recently made, or created.
In original condition; pristine; not previously worn or used.
nouveau nouvel neuf
Of recent origin; having taken place recently.
Additional; recently discovered.
Current or later, as opposed to former.
Used to distinguish something established more recently, named after something or some place previously existing.
Strange, unfamiliar or not previously known.
Recently arrived or appeared.
Inexperienced or unaccustomed at some task.
nouveau nouvel autre
Refreshed, reinvigorated, reformed.

new blood n
sang neuf
A person or people newly brought in to a project or organization; a new hire, or new member.

new moon new moons n
nouvelle lune
The phase of the moon when it is in conjunction with the sun and is therefore obscured.
The phase of the moon when it is waxing.

new normal /ˌn(j)u ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˌnjuː ˈnɔːml̩/ new normals n
nouvelle normalité
(chiefly, Canada, US, idiomatic) A current prevailing situation which has emerged recently, that differs dramatically from the previous one and is expected to remain. [from 1920s]

new religious movement new religious movements n
nouveau mouvement religieux
(religion) (abbreviated NRM) Any religious community or spiritual group of modern origins, having a peripheral place within a state's dominant religious culture.

newbie /ˈnjuːbi/ /ˈnuːbi/ newbies n
débutant béotien néophyte profane
(Internet) A new user or participant; someone who is extremely new and inexperienced (to a game or activity). A beginner.

newborn adj
nouveau-né
Recently born.

newborn newborn newborns n
nouveau-né nouveau-née
A recently born baby.

newcomer /ˈn(j)uˌkʌmɚ/ /ˈnjuːkʌmə/ [ˈn(j)uˌkʰʌmɚ] newcomers n
nouveau venu nouvel arrivé
One who has recently come to a community; a recent arrival.
débutant débutante
A new participant in some activity; a neophyte.

newel /ˈnju.əl/ /ˈnjuː.əl/ /ˈnu.əl/ newels n
noyau
(architecture) A central pillar around which a staircase spirals.
(architecture) A sturdy pillar at the top or bottom of a flight of stairs, supporting the handrail.

newfangled /ˌnjuːˈfæŋ.ɡəɫd/ /ˌnuˈfæŋ.ɡəld/ adj
d'un nouveau genre
(usually derogatory, disapproving, or humorous) new and often needlessly novel or gratuitously different; recently devised or fashionable, especially when not an improvement.

newline newlines n
fin de ligne saut de ligne

newly /ˈnjuːli/ /ˈnuli/ more newly most newly adv
nouvellement récemment
Very recently/lately; in the immediate past.

newness /ˈn(j)uːnəs/ newnesses n
nouveauté
The property of being new; novelty; recency.

news /n(j)uz/ /njuːz/ n
informations actualités nouvelles
New information of interest.
informations infos téléjournal
Information about current events disseminated via media.

news agency news agencies n
agence de nouvelles
An organisation that gathers and distributes news to newspapers and radio and television broadcasters.

news anchor news anchors n
chef d'antenne présentateur de nouvelles
(US, Canada) A presenter of news broadcasts.

news media news medias n
presse
All the various forms of communicating news to the public collectively.

newsagent newsagents n
kiosque à journaux marchand de journaux
A retail business selling newspapers, magazines, and stationery; a stationer.

newscast newscasts n
journal télévisé téléjournal
(broadcasting, journalism) A broadcast of the news; a news report that is transmitted over the air for television, radio, etc.

newscaster newscasters n
présentateur présentatrice
(broadcasting, journalism) One who delivers the news for broadcast on television, radio, etc; a newsreader.

newsfeed newsfeeds n
fil d'actualités
(Internet) A feed, especially one providing news content.

newsgathering n
collecte d'informations journalisme
The act of collecting information related to current events

newsletter /ˈn(j)uzˌlɛtɚ/ /ˈnjuːzˌlɛtə/ newsletters n
infolettre lettre d'information bulletin
A periodically sent publication containing current events or the like, generally on a particular topic or geared toward a limited audience.

newspaper /ˈn(j)uzˌpeɪpɚ/ /ˈnjuːsˌpe(ɪ)pɚ/ /ˈnjuːsˌpeɪpə/ /ˈnjuːzˌpe(ɪ)pɚ/ /ˈnjuːzˌpeɪpə/ newspapers n
journal
(countable) A publication, usually published daily or weekly and usually printed on cheap, low-quality paper, containing news and other articles.
papier journal
(uncountable, countable) A quantity of or one of the types of paper on which newspapers are printed.

newspeak /ˈn(j)uːspiːk/ newspeaks n
novlangue
Use of ambiguous, misleading, or euphemistic words in order to deceive the listener, especially by politicians and officials.

newsprint newsprints n
papier journal
An inexpensive paper used for printing newspapers.

newsreel newsreels n
actualités
(countable) A short film containing news or current affairs; especially one of several shown in sequence.

newsroom /ˈnjuːzɹuːm/ newsrooms n
rédaction salle de rédaction
The office of a news organisation, especially that part of it where the journalists work and news stories are processed.

newsstand newsstands n
kiosque à journaux kiosque
an open stall, often on a street, where newspapers and magazines are on sale to the public

newt /ˈn(j)ut/ /ˈnjuːt/ /ˈnjʉːt/ newts n
triton
A small lizard-like amphibian in the family Salamandridae that lives in the water as an adult.

newton newtons n
newton
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of force; the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram by one metre per second per second. Symbol: N.

next /nɛkst/ adj
proche prochain
Nearest in place or position, having nothing similar intervening; adjoining.
prochain suivant
Nearest in order, succession, or rank; immediately following (or sometimes preceding) in order.

next /nɛkst/ adv
après puis
On the first subsequent occasion.

next /nɛkst/ n
suivant prochain
The one that follows after this one.

next /nɛkst/ preposition
à côté
(obsolete, or, poetic) On the side of; nearest or adjacent to; next to.

next door adv
à côté
In an adjacent building, room or place.

next of kin next of kin n
parent
Closest blood relative, heir to inheritance.
proche
Close friend, spouse, or partner (for example on a hospital admission form), one of someone's close ones.

next time n
la prochaine fois
On the following occasion (as opposed to this time).

next to preposition
à côté de
Beside, alongside, by, adjacent to, or near.

next to nothing pronoun
trois fois rien
Very little.

next year adv
l'an prochain l'année prochaine
(This entry is a translation hub.)

nexus /ˈnɛksus/ /ˈnɛksuːs/ /ˈnɛksəs/ nexus nexuses nexusses n
nexus
A form or state of connection.

ney neys n
ney
(music) A type of endblown flute.

niacin /ˈnaɪəsɪn/ n
niacine
(vitamin) A water-soluble vitamin, a component of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast, and dairy products; it is essential to metabolism.

nib /nɪb/ nibs n
plume
The tip of a pen or tool that touches the surface, transferring ink to paper.
bec
The bill or beak of a bird; the neb.

nibble /ˈnɪbəl/ nibbles n
nibble quartet semioctet tétrade
(computing) A unit of memory equal to half a byte, or four bits.

nibble /ˈnɪbəl/ v
grignoter
(ambitransitive) To eat with small, quick bites.

nibbler nibblers n
grignoteur grignoteuse
Someone who nibbles.
grignoteuse
A tool for cutting sheet metal.

nice /naɪs/ /nɑjs/ /nɑɪs/ /nəɪs/ nicer nicest adj
sympa gentil agréable sympathique
(chiefly, informal) Pleasant, satisfactory. [from 18th c.]
beau joli
(chiefly, informal) Of a person: friendly, attractive. [from 18th c.]
bon
(chiefly, informal) Giving a favorable review or having a favorable impression.

nice guy nice guys n
nice guy
(idiomatic, euphemistic) An inoffensive adult male who desires romantic companionship but who is too bland and uninspiring to be attractive.

nice guys finish last proverb
qui se fait brebis le loup le mange
(idiomatic) People who are decent, friendly, and agreeable tend to be unsuccessful because they are outmaneuvered or overwhelmed by others who are not so decent, friendly, or agreeable.

nice try interjection
bien essayé

nicely /ˈnʌɪsli/ more nicely most nicely nicelier niceliest adv
agréablement
Pleasantly; satisfactorily. [from 18th c.]

nicety /ˈnaɪsɪti/ niceties n
délicatesse
A small detail or distinction.
subtilité
Subtlety or precision of use; exactness; preciseness.

niche /niʃ/ /niːʃ/ /nɪt͡ʃ/ /nɪʃ/ niches n
niche
(architectural element) A cavity, hollow, or recess, generally within the thickness of a wall, for a statue, bust, or other erect ornament.
(ecology) A function within an ecological system to which an organism is especially suited.
(by extension) Any position of opportunity for which one is well-suited, such as a particular market in business.

nick /nɪk/ nicks n
gnouf poste taule trou zonzon
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, law enforcement, slang) A police station or prison.

nick /nɪk/ v
piquer
(transitive, Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang) To steal.

nickel /ˈnɪk.əl/ nickels n
nickel
(uncountable) A silvery elemental metal with an atomic number of 28 and symbol Ni.
pièce de cinq cents
(US, Canada, countable) A coin worth 5 cents.

nickel /ˈnɪk.əl/ v
nickeler
(transitive) To plate with nickel.

nickel silver n
maillechort argentan
A hard, corrosion-resistant alloy of copper, zinc and nickel used to make domestic silverware.

nickeline nickelines n
nickéline
(mineral) A mineral, a form of nickel arsenide, NiAs, having a metallic lustre and copper-red colour, that is a minor ore of nickel.

nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ nicknames n
surnom sobriquet
A familiar, invented name for a person or thing used instead of the actual name of the person or thing, often based on some noteworthy characteristic.

nickname /ˈnɪkneɪm/ v
surnommer
(transitive) To give a nickname to (a person or thing).

nicotine /ˈnɪkətiːn/ n
nicotine
(organic compound) An alkaloid (C10H14N2), commonly occurring in the tobacco plant. In small doses it is a habit-forming stimulant; in larger doses it is toxic and is often used in insecticides.
(figuratively) Tobacco, cigarettes

nicotine gum nicotine gums n
gomme à la nicotine
A form of chewing gum that slowly releases nicotine into the body; used by people who are trying to quit smoking

nicotine patch nicotine patches n
timbre à la nicotine
An adhesive patch, affixed to the skin, that slowly diffuses nicotine into the bloodstream; used by people who are trying to quit smoking

nictemeral adj
nycthéméral
Varying regularly with a day/night cycle; diurnal; circadian.

nictitating /ˈnɪktɪteɪtɪŋ/ more nictitating most nictitating adj
clignotant nictitant
winking, blinking

nidamental adj
nidamentaire

niddy-noddy niddy-noddies n
dévidoir à main
A tool used to make skeins from yarn, consisting of a central bar with crossbars at each end, offset from each other by 90°.

nidicolous more nidicolous most nidicolous adj
nidicole
(zoology) Tending to stay at the nest or birthplace for a long time after birth, due to dependence on the parents for feeding and protection.

nidiform /ˈnaɪdɪfɔːm/ /ˈnʌɪdɪfɔːm/ more nidiform most nidiform adj
nidiforme
Shaped like a nest.

nidifugous more nidifugous most nidifugous adj
nidifuge

nidify /ˈnɪd.əˌfaɪ/ v
nidifier
(zoology) To make a nest.

niece /nis/ /niːs/ nieces n
nièce
A daughter of one’s sibling, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law; either the daughter of one's brother ("fraternal niece"), or of one's sister ("sororal niece").

niece-in-law nieces-in-law n
belle-nièce

niello /niˈɛloʊ/ /niˈɛləʊ/ nielli niellos n
nielle niello
(metallurgy) Any of various black metal alloys, made of sulphur with copper, silver or lead, used to create decorative designs on other metals.

nifty /ˈnɪfti/ niftier niftiest adj
chouette
(colloquial, somewhat dated) Good, smart; useful or beneficial.

nigella /naɪˈd͡ʒɛlə/ nigellas n
nigelle
Any plant of the genus Nigella of about twelve species of annual flowering plants, the blooms of which are generally blue in colour but also found in shades of pink, white and pale purple.

nigga /ˈnɪɡə/ niggas niggaz n
nègre
(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, dated)

niggardly /ˈnɪɡədli/ /ˈnɪɡɚdli/ more niggardly most niggardly adj
avare mesquin pingre
Withholding for the sake of meanness; stingy, miserly.

nigger /ˈnɪɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈnɪɡɚ/ niggeress niggers n
nègre bougnoule négresse négro
(offensive, ethnic slur, vulgar, see usage notes) A black person; a person of black African descent.

nigger in the woodpile niggers in the woodpile niggers in woodpiles n
anguille sous roche couille

nigh /naɪ/ more nigh most nigh nigher nighest adj
proche près
(archaic, poetic) near, close by

nigh /naɪ/ v
approcher
(ambitransitive) to draw nigh (to); to approach; to come near

night /naɪt/ /nʌɪt/ nights n
nuit
(astronomy, countable) The period of darkness beginning at the end of evening astronomical twilight when the sun is 18 degrees below the horizon, and ending at the beginning of morning astronomical twilight.
(legal, countable) A period of time often defined in the legal system as beginning 30 minutes after sunset, and ending 30 minutes before sunrise.
nuit soirée nuitée
(countable) An evening or night spent at a particular activity.
soir
(uncountable) Nightfall.
nuit noirceur obscurité
(uncountable) Darkness (due to it being nighttime).

night blindness night blindnesses n
cécité nocturne héméralopie
The optic condition nyctalopia, the inability to see clearly in faint light, as at night

night heron night herons n
bihoreau
Any of the nocturnal species of herons of the genera Nycticorax, Nyctanassa, and Gorsachius.

night owl /ˈnaɪt aʊl/ /ˈnaɪt ˌaʊl/ night owls n
couche-tard noctambule oiseau de nuit
(idiomatic) One who goes to bed late, or stays up late at night or in the early hours of the morning.

night school night schools n
cours du soir
A school, typically used for the purpose of continuing education with classes held predominantly in the evening to accommodate students with typical day shift work schedules.

night shelter night shelters n
abri de nuit
Shelter designed to accommodate homeless people at night.

night shift night shifts n
poste de nuit
A regularly scheduled period of work, during evening or night hours.
équipe de nuit
A group of workers who work during the night.

night terror night terrors n
terreur nocturne
(pathology) A sleeping disorder, where sleep is interrupted by anxiety, panic or screaming.

night vision n
nyctalopie vision de nuit vision nocturne
The ability, either naturally, by technology or by superpowers, to see in a low light or even dark environment.

night watchman night watchmen n
veilleur de nuit

night watchman state night watchman states n
État-gendarme
(political philosophy) Government that is limited to a bare minimum of functions, usually just military, police, and courts.

nightcap /ˈnaɪtˌkæp/ nightcaps n
bonnet de nuit
A warm cloth cap worn while sleeping, often with pajamas, being common attire in northern Europe before effective home heating became widespread. [From 14th c.]

nightclub nightclubs n
boîte de nuit discothèque
A public or private establishment that is open late at night to provide entertainment, food, drink, music and/or dancing.

nightfall /ˈnaɪt.fɑl/ /ˈnaɪt.fɔl/ nightfalls n
tombée de la nuit
The close of the day; the coming of night.

nightgown /ˈnaɪtˌɡaʊn/ nightgowns n
chemise de nuit liseuse nuisette robe de nuit
A long loose robe worn mainly by women for sleeping in.

nighthawk /ˈnaɪthɑk/ /ˈnʌɪthɔːk/ nighthawks n
engoulevent
(UK, regional) A nightjar, especially Caprimulgus europaeus (Eurasian nightjar). [from 17th c.]

nightingale /ˈnaɪtɪŋɡeɪl/ nightingales n
rossignol rossignol philomèle
A Eurasian and African songbird, Luscinia megarhynchos, family Muscicapidae, famed for its beautiful singing at night; a common nightingale.

nightjar /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑɹ/ /ˈnaɪtd͡ʒɑː/ nightjars n
engoulevent
Any of various medium-sized nocturnal birds of the family Caprimulgidae, that feed predominantly on moths and other large flying insects.

nightlife /ˈnaɪtˌlaɪf/ nightlifes nightlives n
vie nocturne
Nocturnal activities, especially visiting nightclubs.

nightlight nightlights n
veilleuse
a small, dim light or lamp left on overnight

nightmare /ˈnaɪt.mɛə/ /ˈnaɪt.mɛɚ/ [nʌɪʔ.mɛəɹ] nightmares n
cauchemar tourment
(now, chiefly, historical) A feeling of extreme anxiety or suffocation experienced during sleep; Sleep paralysis. [from 16th c.]
(figuratively) Any bad, miserable, difficult or terrifying situation or experience that arouses anxiety, terror, agony or great displeasure. [from 20th c.]
cauchemar mauvais rêve
A very bad or frightening dream. [from 19th c.]

nightmarish more nightmarish most nightmarish adj
cauchemardesque
Resembling a nightmare.

nightshade /ˈnaɪt.ʃeɪd/ nightshades n
morelle
Any of the poisonous plants belonging to the genus Solanum, especially black nightshade or woody nightshade.

nightstand nightstands n
table de chevet table de nuit liseuse
(US) A small table or cabinet, usually with two drawers one above the other or one drawer and a lower shelf, placed beside the head of a bed.

nighttime /ˈnaɪtˌtaɪm/ [ˈnaɪʔtaɪm] nighttimes n
nuit
The hours of darkness between sunset and sunrise; the night.

nightwandering adj
noctivague
(poetic) Wandering at night; noctivagant.

nihilism /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪ.lɪz.m̩/ /ˈnaɪ.əˌlɪz.m̩/ /ˈniː-/ /ˈnɪ-/ [-(h)ɨ̞-] nihilisms n
nihilisme
(usually, uncountable) The rejection of, or opposition to, religious beliefs, (inherent or objective) moral principles, legal rules, etc., often due to the view that life is meaningless (sense 1).
(countable, uncountable, philosophy) A doctrine grounded on the negation of one or more meaningful aspects of life; in particular, the view that nothing in the world actually exists.

nihilist /ˈnaɪ.(h)ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈni.ɪl.ɪst/ /ˈniː.ɪl.ɪst/ nihilists n
nihiliste
(philosophy, religion) A person who accepts or champions nihilism.

nihilistic more nihilistic most nihilistic adj
nihiliste
Of or relating to nihilism.

nihonium /nɪˈhoʊ.ni.əm/ n
nihonium

nikud n
nikkudot
The system of optional diacritics attached to Hebrew letters that indicate vowels and consonant variations.

nil /nɪl/ nils n
zéro
(sports) A score of zero

nilgai /ˈnɪlɡaɪ/ nilgai nilgais n
nilgaut
A large antelope, of species Boselaphus tragocamelus, of India; blue bull.

nilpotent /nɪlˈpəʊtənt/ adj
nilpotent
(algebra, ring theory, of an element x of a semigroup or ring) Such that, for some positive integer n, xn = 0.

nimble /ˈnɪmbl̩/ nimbler nimblest adj
agile leste fulgurant preste
Quick and light in movement or action.
vif
Quickwitted and alert.

nimbostratus nimbostrati n
nimbostratus
(meteorology) According to the World Meteorological Organization, a mid-level, principal cloud type, generally formless and dark grey in colour, which forms from altostratus occurring in layers at the middle altitude of the troposphere (usually above 2400 metres). Nimbostratus usually brings precipitation as the mid-level clouds thicken and subside into the low level of the troposphere. Frontal or cyclonic lift can also carry the top of a deep nimbostratus layer into the high levels of the troposphere. Also classified or characterized as multi-level; abbreviated Ns.

nimbus /ˈnɪm.bəs/ nimbi nimbuses n
nimbe nimbus
A circle of light; a halo.
nimbus
A gray rain cloud.

nincompoop /ˈnɪn-/ /ˈnɪŋkəmpuːp/ /ˈnɪŋkəmˌpup/ nincompoops n
nigaud abruti benêt bercé trop près du mur cloche con
(derogatory) A foolish or silly person. [from 16th c.]

nine /naɪn/ [naɪ̯n] nines n
neuf
The digit or figure 9.
(card games) A playing card with nine pips.

nine /naɪn/ [naɪ̯n] numeral
neuf
A numerical value equal to 9; the number following eight and preceding ten.

nine hundred /ˈnaɪn ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈnaɪn ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
neuf cents
The cardinal number occurring after eight hundred ninety-nine and before nine hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 900. Ordinal: nine-hundredth.

nine o'clock n
neuf heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the tenth hour of the day; 9:00 a.m. (09:00).

nine thousand numeral
neuf-mille
9000

nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine numeral
neuf-mille-neuf-cent-quatre-vingt-dix-neuf
The cardinal number occurring after nine thousand nine hundred and ninety-eight and before ten thousand, represented in Arabic numerals as 9,999. Represented in Roman numerals as IXCMXCIX.

nine-banded armadillo nine-banded armadillos n
tatou à neuf bandes
A species of armadillo, Dasypus novemcinctus, ranging from much of the southern US to warmer South America.

ninesome ninesomes n
neuvaine
A group of nine persons or things.

nineteen /naɪnˈtiːn/ /ˈnaɪntiːn/ /ˈnaɪnˌtin/ /ˌnaɪnˈtin/ numeral
dix-neuf
The cardinal number occurring after eighteen and before twenty, represented in Roman numerals as XIX and in Arabic numerals as 19. It is the last/largest of the "teens".

nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ adj
dix-neuvième
The ordinal form of the number nineteen.

nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ nineteenths n
dix-neuvième

nineties n
années 90 années quatre-vingt-dix
The decade of the 1890s, 1990s, etc.

ninetieth /ˈnaɪn.ti.əθ/ adj
quatre-vingt-dixième nonantième
The ordinal form of the number ninety.

ninetieth /ˈnaɪn.ti.əθ/ ninetieths n
quatre-vingt-dixième nonantième
The person or thing in the ninetieth position.
One of ninety equal parts of a whole.

ninety /ˈnaɪn.di/ /ˈnaɪn.ti/ numeral
quatre-vingt-dix nonante
The cardinal number occurring after eighty-nine and before ninety-one, represented in Roman numerals as XC and in Arabic numerals as 90.

ninety-eight numeral
quatre-vingt-dix-huit
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-seven — ninety plus eight — and preceding ninety-nine.

ninety-eighth adj
quatre-vingt-dix-huitième
The ordinal form of the number ninety-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 98 of a sequence.

ninety-five numeral
quatre-vingt-quinze nonante-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-four and preceding ninety-six.

ninety-four numeral
quatre-vingt-quatorze nonante-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-three and preceding ninety-five.

ninety-nine numeral
quatre-vingt-dix-neuf nonante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-eight and preceding one hundred.

ninety-ninth adj
quatre-vingt-dix-neuvième
The ordinal form of the number ninety-nine, describing a person or thing in position number 99 of a sequence.

ninety-one numeral
quatre-vingt-onze
The cardinal number immediately following ninety and preceding ninety-two.

ninety-seven numeral
quatre-vingt-dix-sept
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-six and preceding ninety-eight.

ninety-seventh adj
quatre-vingt-dix-septième
The ordinal form of the number ninety-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 97 of a sequence.

ninety-six numeral
quatre-vingt-seize nonante-six
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-five and preceding ninety-seven.

ninety-three numeral
quatre-vingt-treize nonante-trois
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-two and preceding ninety-four.

ninety-two numeral
quatre-vingt-douze nonante-deux
The cardinal number immediately following ninety-one and preceding ninety-three.

ninetysomething ninetysomethings n
nonagénaire
(colloquial) A person between 90 and 99 years old.

ninhydrin ninhydrins n
ninhydrine
(organic compound) The aromatic compound 2,2-dihydroxyindane-1,3-dione which is used as a reagent to detect amines

ninja /ˈnɪnd͡ʒə/ ninja ninjas n
ninja
(martial arts) A person trained in ninjutsu, especially (historical) one used for espionage, assassination, and other tasks requiring stealth during Japan's shogunate period.

ninth /naɪnθ/ adj
neuvième neuf
The ordinal form of the number nine.

ninth /naɪnθ/ ninths n
neuvième
One of nine equal parts of a whole.
(music) The compound interval between any tone and the tone represented on the ninth degree of the staff above it, as between one of the scale and two of the octave above; the octave of the second, consisting of 13 or 14 semitones (called minor and major ninth).

niobic adj
niobique
(inorganic chemistry) Relating to niobium.

niobium /naɪˈoʊbiəm/ niobiums n
niobium
A chemical element (symbol Nb) with an atomic number of 41: a light grey, crystalline, ductile transition metal used in superconducting materials.

nip and tuck more nip and tuck most nip and tuck adv
coude à coude
With the advantage of changing hands, or shifting back and forth among the available alternatives.

nip in the bud /ˈnɪp.ɪn.ðəˈbʌd/ v
tuer dans l'œuf étouffer dans l'œuf
(idiomatic) To stop (something) at an early stage.

nip point nip points n
angle rentrant
(manufacturing) A point of convergence between two rolling parts, or a rolling part and a stationary part, where all or part of the human body could become trapped and injured.

nipple /ˈnɪ.p(ə)l/ nipples n
mamelon téton tétin
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted. [from 16th c.]
tétine
An artificial nipple (definition 1) used for bottle-feeding infants. [from 17th c.]
mamelon
(plumbing, chiefly, US) A short tube threaded at both ends, used as a connector. [from 19th c.]

nipplewort nippleworts n
lampsane lampsane commune
A flowering plant, Lapsana communis, that yields a milky juice.

nipponize v
japoniser nipponiser
(ambitransitive) To make or become Japanese, as to customs, culture, or style.
japoniser nipponiser traduire en japonais
(transitive) To convert to katakana or to enable to work with the Japanese script.
traduire en japonais
(transitive) To translate into Japanese.

nippy /ˈnɪpi/ nippier nippiest adj
frisquet
(informal) Of the weather, rather cold.

niqab /nɪˈkæb/ /nɪˈkɑːb/ niqabs n
niqab
A veil which covers the face, worn by some Muslim women as a part of sartorial hijab.

nirvana /nɚˈvænə/ /nɚˈvɑnə/ /nɪəˈvɑːnə/ /nɪɹˈvɑnə/ /nɪɾˈʋɑːn(ə)/ nirvanas n
nirvana
(Buddhism) Complete cessation of suffering; a blissful state attained through realization of sunyata; enlightened experience.

nit /nɪt/ nits n
lente
The egg of a louse.

nitpick /ˈnɪt.pɪk/ v
chercher la petite bête pinailler chicaner chipoter mégoter
(figurative) To correct insignificant mistakes or find fault in unimportant details.
chercher les poux
(archaic, literal) To pick nits (lice eggs) from someone’s hair. I nitpicked his hair.

nitpicker /ˈnɪt.pɪk.ə(ɹ)/ nitpickers n
pinailleur coupeur de cheveux en quatre enculeur de mouches
One who nitpicks (finds fault in unimportant details).

nitpicking nitpickings n
chicane ergotage pinaillage pinaillerie pointilleux pédanterie
(figuratively, by extension) A process of finding or pointing out tiny details or errors, particularly if the pointed-out details seem insignificant or irrelevant to all but the finder.

nitrary nitraries n
nitrière
A place where potassium nitrate or saltpetre is produced.

nitrate /ˈnaɪˌtɹeɪt/ [ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t] nitrates n
nitrate azotate
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of nitric acid.

nitrate /ˈnaɪˌtɹeɪt/ [ˈnaɪ̯ˌtʰɹeɪ̯t] v
nitrater
To treat, or react, with nitric acid or a nitrate

nitrene nitrenes n
nitrène
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound, the univalent nitrogen equivalent of a carbene, having general formula RN:

nitric /ˈnaɪtɹɪk/ adj
nitrique
Of, pertaining to, or containing, nitrogen.

nitric acid n
acide nitrique acide azotique
(inorganic compound) A transparent, colorless to pale yellow, fuming corrosive liquid, HNO3; a highly reactive oxidizing agent used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and rocket fuels and in a wide variety of industrial processes; once called aqua fortis.

nitric oxide n
monoxyde d’azote
(chemistry) the binary compound of nitrogen and oxygen NO; an unstable compound which rapidly oxidizes in the presence of air.

nitride /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd/ nitrides n
nitride nitrure
(chemistry) A compound of nitrogen where nitrogen has an oxidation state of −3.

nitriding /ˈnaɪ.tɹaɪd.iŋ/ nitridings n
nitruration
A method of case hardening steel by the surface absorption of nitrogen by heating with ammonia.

nitrification nitrifications n
nitrification
The process of nitrifying

nitrilate v
nitriler

nitrocellulose nitrocelluloses n
fulmi-coton nitrocellulose
(organic compound) A cotton-like material, made from cellulose by the action of nitric and sulphuric acids, used in the manufacture of explosives, collodion etc.

nitrogen /ˈnaɪ.tɹə.d͡ʒən/ [ˈnɐɪtʰɹəd͡ʒən] nitrogens n
azote
(uncountable) The chemical element (symbol N) with an atomic number of 7 and atomic weight of 14.0067. It is a colorless and odorless gas.

nitrogen dioxide n
dioxyde d'azote
(inorganic compound) The binary compound NO₂, a brownish gas that is a poisonous air pollutant; it exists in equilibrium with dinitrogen tetroxide.

nitrogen mustard nitrogen mustards n
moutarde azotée
(chemistry) Any of a series of compounds, analogous to mustard gas with sulfur replaced by nitrogen, that have been used in the treatment of cancer.

nitrogenous adj
azoté
of, relating to, or containing nitrogen

nitroglycerine nitroglycerines n
nitroglycérine
(organic compound) The compound glyceryl-tri-nitrate or 1,2,3 tri-nitrooxy propane; the ester of glycerol with nitric acid; prepared by the careful addition of a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids to glycerol with constant stirring and cooling; it is a thick, pale yellow liquid, that is highly explosive on concussion or on exposure to sudden heat; it is used in medicine as a vasodilator, and as an explosive in the form of dynamite which is safe to handle.

nitrometer nitrometers n
nitromètre
(chemistry) An apparatus for determining the amount of nitrogen or some of its compounds in a substance.

nitromuriatic adj
nitromuriatique
(chemistry, dated) Of, pertaining to, or composed of nitric acid and muriatic acid

nitrophenol nitrophenols n
nitrophénol

nitrous /ˈnaɪtɹəs/ adj
azoteux nitreux
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from nitrogen, especially in which the valence of the nitrogen is lower than that of a corresponding nitric species. [from 17th c.]

nitrous oxide n
protoxyde d'azote
(inorganic compound) A non-flammable gas (N₂O) commonly used in surgery and dentistry for its anaesthetic and analgesic effects and in motorsport for bursts of added power.

nitrox /ˈnaɪtɹɑks/ /ˈnaɪtɹɒks/ n
nitrox
(underwater diving) A mixture of nitrogen and oxygen, the nitrogen content being lower than that of normal air, which is used in place of air as a breathing gas.

nix /nɪks/ n
que dalle rien
(colloquial) Nothing. [from 1789]

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ determiner
défense de interdiction de interdit
Not any.
Hardly any.
Not any possibility or allowance of (doing something).
aucun nul pas défense de interdiction de interdit
Not (a); not properly, not really; not fully.

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ noes nos n
non
a negating expression; an answer that shows disagreement, denial, refusal, or disapproval
a vote not in favor, or opposing a proposition

no /nɐʉ/ /nəʉ/ preposition
non
without
like
(colloquial, usually, humorous) not, does not, do not, etc.

no biggie phraseologicalUnit
aucun problème aucun souci pas d'trouble pas de problème pas de souci
(idiomatic, colloquial) Not a big deal, not something to worry about.

no comment phraseologicalUnit
sans commentaire
(idiomatic) An "official" refusal to relay any further information, used for example in response to a question by a newspaper reporter or police officer. [from c. 1950]
no comment sans commentaire
(idiomatic) A refusal to make the obvious impolite retort.

no comparison interjection
il n'y a pas photo

no doubt adv
pas de doute sans doute à n'en pas douter
without a doubt; surely.

no entry phraseologicalUnit
accès interdit défense d'entrer entrée interdite
Used on signs to indicate that entry into the area where the sign is displayed is forbidden.

no glove, no love phraseologicalUnit
pas de latex, pas de sexe pas de sexe sans latex

no hard feelings phraseologicalUnit
sans rancune
(idiomatic) (I, etc.) hold no lingering anger or resentment toward (you, etc.); there's no bad blood between (us, etc.).

no holds barred adj
sans restrictions

no idea interjection
aucune idée
(emphatic) I don't know.

no joke phraseologicalUnit
sans blague
seriously; in earnest

no kidding interjection
la vache sans blague sans dec
(colloquial) An exclamation of amazement.
sans blague sans dec
(colloquial, sarcastic) Said in response to an obvious statement.

no longer adv
ne … plus
Not any more; no more.

no matter interjection
peu importe ça ne fait rien
(dated, or, US) It doesn't matter, it's unimportant, it doesn't make any difference.

no matter preposition
n'importe peu importe qu'importe
Irrespective of, regardless of, in spite of.

no matter what phraseologicalUnit
peu importe quel que soit quoi qu'il arrive
(not followed by a phrase) Regardless of any or most possible adverse circumstances.

no means no interjection
non c'est non

no more adv
plus
(idiom) No longer; not any more.

no more no less adv
ni plus ni moins

no news is good news proverb
pas de nouvelles, bonnes nouvelles
A lack of information reported about a situation suggests that nothing unfortunate has occurred.

no offense phraseologicalUnit
ne le prends pas mal ne le prenez pas mal sans vouloir te vexer sans vouloir vous vexer
I intend no offense by these remarks.

no one /ˈnoʊ ˌwʌn/ /ˈnəʊ wʌn/ pronoun
personne nul qui que ce soit
Used in contrast to anyone, someone or everyone: not one person; nobody.

no pain, no gain proverb
on n'a rien sans rien qui ne risque rien n'a rien qui ne tente rien n'a rien
One must be willing to endure some inconvenience or discomfort in order to achieve worthwhile goals.

no parking phraseologicalUnit
défense de stationner stationnement interdit
On a traffic sign, indicates that parking a vehicle is not allowed within the area of influence of the sign.

no problem interjection
de rien il n'y a pas de quoi je t'en prie je vous en prie pas de souci
No thanks is necessary; you're welcome (said in response to an expression of gratitude).
pas de problème de rien sans problème il n'y a pas de quoi je t'en prie je vous en prie
No apology is necessary; think nothing of it (said in response to an expression of regret).

no quarter n
pas de quartier
(military) No mercy; no sparing the life of a captured opponent.

no rose without a thorn proverb
il n’est pas de roses sans épines

no shit interjection
sans blague sans dec
(colloquial, vulgar) An exclamation of amazement or disbelief.
(colloquial, vulgar, sarcastic) An ironic response to a statement of the obvious.

no shit, Sherlock interjection
bien vu l'aveugle
(vulgar, colloquial, sarcastic, somewhat, derogatory) A riposte to someone who has just said something obvious

no smoke without fire proverb
il n'y a pas de fumée sans feu il n’y a pas de fumée sans feu
Gossip and accusations are often substantiated by fact.

no smoking phraseologicalUnit
défense de fumer ne pas fumer
A phrase used in notices indicating that the smoking of cigarettes, etc., is not permitted in the surrounding area.

no sooner said than done phraseologicalUnit
aussitôt dit, aussitôt fait sitôt dit, sitôt fait
As soon as something is said, it will be done.

no spring chicken n
plus de la première jeunesse plus tout jeune
(litotes) Said of a person who is no longer particularly young.

no thank you interjection
non merci
A polite way of saying no in response to an offer.

no trespassing phraseologicalUnit
défense d'entrer entrée interdite
Used on notices, indicating that entry or access to a place is forbidden.

no use n
inutile
pointless, useless; not worth doing, especially because it is not likely to succeed

no way interjection
en aucune façon jamais de la vie hors de question pas moyen pas question
(idiomatic) Absolutely not; under no circumstances. [from 18th c.]
pas possible pas vrai
(idiomatic) Indicates astonished disbelief.

no worries interjection
ce n'est pas grave pas de problème
Do not worry, I will do it.
pas de problème
It does not bother me; I am not concerned.

no, thanks interjection
non merci sans façon
Politely refuses something offered.

no-brainer no-brainers n
évidence
(informal) An easy or obvious conclusion, decision, solution, task, etc.; something requiring little or no thought.

no-fly zone no-fly zones n
zone d'exclusion aérienne
An airspace in which aircraft, especially military aircraft, are forbidden to fly.

nobelium /noʊˈbiːliəm/ /noʊˈbɛliəm/ n
nobélium
a transuranic chemical element (symbol No) with an atomic number of 102.

nobility /noʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəʊˈbɪlɪti/ /nəˈbɪlɪti/ nobilities n
noblesse
A noble or privileged social class, historically accompanied by a hereditary title; aristocracy.
(uncountable) The quality of being noble.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ more noble most noble nobler noblest adj
noble aristocratique
Having honorable qualities; having moral eminence and freedom from anything petty, mean or dubious in conduct and character.

noble /ˈnoʊbəl/ /ˈnəʊbəl/ nobles n
noble aristocrate nobliau
An aristocrat; one of aristocratic blood. [from 14th c.]

noble gas noble gases n
gaz noble gaz rare
(chemistry) Any of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table, being monatomic and (with very limited exceptions) inert.

noble rot n
pourriture noble
A benevolent form of the fungus Botrytis cinerea which, in the right conditions, leads to a concentrated sweet wine.

noble savage noble savages n
bon sauvage
(literature) A stock character embodying the concept of an idealized indigene or outsider who has not been corrupted by civilization and therefore symbolizes humanity's innate goodness.

nobleman /ˈnoʊbl̩mən/ /ˈnəʊbl̩mən/ noblemen n
noble
A peer; an aristocrat; ranks range from baron to king to emperor.

noblesse oblige /noʊˌblɛs əˈbliʒ/ /nəʊˌblɛs ɒˈbliːʒ/ n
noblesse oblige
The honourable obligation that is the responsibility of those of high rank; in American English this often includes the expectation of benevolent actions such as helping those less fortunate.

noblewoman noblewomen n
noble
A woman having a noble rank, especially one belonging to the peerage; a Lady.

nobly /ˈnoʊbli/ /ˈnəʊbli/ more nobly most nobly adv
noblement
In a noble manner.

nobody /ˈnoʊ.bɑ.di/ /ˈnoʊ.bə.di/ /ˈnoʊˌbʌd.i/ /ˈnəʊ.bɒd.i/ /ˈnəʊ.bə.di/ nobodies n
moins-que-rien nul nullité quidam sous-merde zéro
Someone who is not important or well-known.

nobody's perfect phraseologicalUnit
nul n'est parfait
Used when someone's mistakes or flaws are acknowledged, to remind that everyone else makes mistakes and has flaws.

nocebo effect nocebo effects n
effet nocebo
A deleterious placebo effect.

nociception nociceptions n
nociception
(physiology) The physiological process underlying the sensation of pain.

noctiferous /nɒkˈtɪfəɹəs/ adj
noctifère
(obsolete) night-time; dark like the night.

noctilucent more noctilucent most noctilucent adj
noctiluque
(meteorology) Shining or glowing at night, especially of very high-altitude clouds that reflect sunlight long after sunset; nightshining.

noctilucine n
noctilucine
(biochemistry) A nitrogenous substance in fireflies, glowworms and marine animals, once believed to be responsible for their luminescence.

noctilucous more noctilucous most noctilucous adj
noctiluque
(obsolete) Shining in the night; luminescent.

noctule /ˈnɑkt͡ʃul/ /ˈnɒktjuːl/ noctules n
noctule
A bat, of the genus Nyctalus, that lives in tree hollows.

nocturnal /nɑkˈtɝ.nəl/ /nɒkˈtɜː(ɹ).nəl/ more nocturnal most nocturnal adj
nocturne
(of a person, creature, group, or species) Primarily active during the night.
(of an occurrence) Taking place at night, nightly.

nocturnality nocturnalities n
nocturnité
The condition or habit of being active at night.

nocturne /(ˌ)nɒkˈtɜːn/ /ˈnɑktɚn/ /ˈnɑkˌtɝn/ /ˈnɒktɜːn/ nocturnes n
nocturne
(music) A dreamlike or pensive composition, usually for the piano.

nod /nɑd/ /nɒd/ /nɔd/ nods n
hochement
An instance of inclining the head up and down, as to indicate agreement, or as a cursory greeting.

nod /nɑd/ /nɒd/ /nɔd/ v
hocher dodeliner
(ambitransitive) To incline the head up and down, as to indicate agreement.
dodeliner piquer du nez somnoler
(intransitive) To gradually fall asleep.

nod off v
somnoler
(idiomatic) To fall asleep, especially unintentionally.

nodal /ˈnəʊdəl/ adj
nodal
Of the nature of, or relating to, a node.

node /noʊd/ /nəʊd/ nodes n
nœud
(astronomy) The point where the orbit of a planet, as viewed from the Sun, intersects the ecliptic. The ascending and descending nodes refer respectively to the points where the planet moves from South to North and N to S; their respective symbols are ☊ and ☋.
(networking) A computer or other device attached to a network.
(graph theory) A vertex or a leaf in a graph of a network, or other element in a data structure.

nodular more nodular most nodular adj
nodulaire
Of or relating to a nodule or nodules.
Possessing, composed of, or similar in form to nodules.

nodule /ˈnɑːd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈnɒdjuːl/ nodules n
nodule
A rounded mass or irregular shape; a little knot or lump.

noetherian /noʊˈθɪəriən/ adj
noethérien
(mathematics, of a binary relation on a set) Such that the converse relation is well-founded (on that set).

noetic /noʊˈɛt.ɪk/ /nəʊˈɛt.ɪk/ more noetic most noetic adj
noétique
Of or pertaining to the mind or intellect.
Originating in or apprehended by reason.

noetically more noetically most noetically adv
noétiquement
In a noetic way.

noise /nɔɪz/ noises n
bruit boucan vacarme brouhaha tintamarre
(uncountable) Various sounds, usually unwanted or unpleasant.
bruit
Sound or signal generated by random fluctuations.
(technology) Any part of a signal or data that reduces the clarity, precision, or quality of the desired output.
(genetics) The measured level of variation in gene expression among cells, regardless of source, within a supposedly identical population.
Rumour or complaint.

noise cancellation n
réduction du bruit

noise pollution n
pollution sonore nuisance sonore
Excess noise which is unpleasant or harmful.

noiseless more noiseless most noiseless adj
silencieux
Producing no noise; without noise.
Containing no noise.

noiselessly adv
sans bruit
In a quiet manner, without any noise.

noisily more noisily most noisily adv
bruyamment
in a noisy manner; in such a way as to create a great deal of noise or sound

noisome /ˈnɔɪ.səm/ more noisome most noisome adj
désagréable nuisible
(literary) Morally hurtful or noxious.
insalubre malsain nocif toxique
(literary) Hurtful or noxious to health; unwholesome, insalubrious.
dégoutant répugnant
(literary) Offensive to the senses; disgusting, unpleasant, nauseous, especially having an undesirable smell.

noisy /ˈnɔɪzi/ /ˈnɔːɪzɪ/ noisier noisiest adj
bruyant tonitruant
Making a noise, especially a loud unpleasant sound
bruyant
Full of noise.

noisy miner noisy miners n
méliphage bruyant
A grey honeyeater, Manorina melanocephala, that has a large range of songs, calls, and alarms, is endemic to eastern and south-eastern Australia, and has a black head, orange-yellow beak and feet, and a yellow patch behind the eye.

noli me tangere /-meɪ ˈtæn(d)ʒəɹeɪ/ /-ˌmeɪ ˈtɑnd͡ʒəɹeɪ/ /ˌnoʊli ˌmi ˈtɑnd͡ʒəɹi/ /ˌnəʊlɪ mɪ ˈtæn(d)ʒəɹi/ noli me tangeres n
noli me tangere
(Christianity, art) A picture depicting Jesus appearing to Mary Magdalene shortly after his resurrection from the dead (see the etymology).
Any of various plants with fruits or seed capsules that, when ripe, burst open and discharge their seeds when touched, or with leaves that fold and droop when touched.
Some plants of the genus Impatiens; specifically, the touch-me-not balsam or yellow balsam (Impatiens noli-tangere).

nolle prosequi /ˌnoʊli ˈpɹoʊsɪkwaɪ/ /ˌnoʊli ˈpɹoʊsɪkwi/ /ˌnɑli ˈpɹɑsɪkwaɪ/ /ˌnɑli ˈpɹɑsɪkwi/ /ˌnɒlɪ ˈpɹɒsɪkwaɪ/ /ˌnəʊlɪ ˈpɹɒsɪkwaɪ/ nolle prosequies nolle prosequis n
abandon de poursuites abandon des poursuites arrêt des poursuites cessation des poursuites ordonnance de classement relaxe

nom de Web /nɒm də ˈwɛb/ noms de Web n
pseudo
(informal) A pseudonym used when publishing on the World Wide Web.

nomad /ˈnoʊmæd/ /ˈnəʊmæd/ nomads n
nomade
(anthropology) A member of a society or class who herd animals from pasture to pasture with no fixed home.

nomadic /nəʊˈmæd.ɪk/ more nomadic most nomadic adj
nomade
(anthropology) Of or related to itinerant herdsmen.
(figuratively) Of or related to any habitually wandering person or animal.

nomadism nomadisms n
nomadisme
The way of life of a nomad or nomads.

nomarch nomarchs n
nomarque
The chief administrator of a modern Greek nomarchy. [from 19th c.]

nomen gentilicium /ˈnəʊmɛn d͡ʒɛntaɪˈlɪsɪəm/ nomina gentilicia n
gentilice
The name designating a Roman citizen as a member of a particular gens; a gentile name.

nomenclature /-ˈmɛn/ /nə(ʊ)ˈmɛŋ.klətʃə/ /ˈnoʊmənˌkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ /ˌnoʊmənˈkleɪt͡ʃɚ/ nomenclatures n
nomenclature
A set of rules used for forming the names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences.

nomenklatura /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtjʊəɹə/ /nɒˌmɛnkləˈtʃʊəɹə/ nomenklaturas n
nomenklatura
(now, _, historical) A list of bureaucratic posts in government and industry in the former Soviet Union (or other communist countries), filled by those appointed by the Party. [from 20th c.]
nomenklature
(collective) The people on such lists; (by extension) , any privileged class, a social or political elite. [from 20th c.]

nominal /ˈnɑ.mɪ.nəl/ /ˈnɒm.ɪ.nəl/ [ˈnɑ.mɪ.nl̩] [ˈnɒm.ɪ.nl̩] adj
nominal
Of, resembling, relating to, or consisting of a name or names.
(finance) Of, relating to, or being the amount or face value of a sum of money or a stock certificate, for example, and not the purchasing power or market value.

nominalization nominalizations n
substantivation nominalisation
(linguistics, countable) A noun derived from an adjective, verb, etc., often by adding a suffix such as -ity, -tion or -ism.

nominalize /ˈnɑmənəlaɪz/ /ˈnɒmɪnəlaɪz/ v
nominaliser

nominalizer /ˈnɑm.ə.nəl.aɪz.ɚ/ /ˈnɒmɪnəlaɪzə/ nominalizers n
nominaliseur substantivateur
(linguistics) Anything, usually an affixed morpheme or a particle, that changes another part of speech into a noun.

nominate /ˈnɑ.mə.neɪt/ /ˈnɑ.mɪ.neɪt/ /ˈnɒm.ə.neɪt/ /ˈnɒm.ɪ.neɪt/ v
nommer
To name someone as a candidate for a particular role or position, including that of an office.

nomination /ˌnɑmɪˈneɪʃən/ /ˌnɒmɪˈneɪʃən/ nominations n
nomination
An act or instance of nominating.

nominative /ˈnɒmnətɪv/ /ˈnɒmɪnətɪv/ adj
nominatif
(grammar) Being in that case or form of a noun which stands as the subject of a finite verb.

nominative absolute nominative absolutes nominatives absolute n
nominatif absolu
(grammar) A grammatically independent element of a sentence conveying additional circumstances; present:

nominative case nominative cases n
nominatif
(grammar) The case used to indicate the subject—or agent—of a finite verb.

nominator nominators n
nominateur
One who nominates, the enactor of a nomination.

nominee /ˌnɒmɪˈniː/ nominees n
candidat candidate
A person named, or designated, by another, to any office, duty, or position; one nominated, or proposed, by others for office or for election to office.

nomogram /ˈnoʊ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnɑ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnɒ.məˌɡɹæm/ /ˈnəʊ.mə.ɡɹæm/ nomograms n
abaque nomogramme
(mathematics) A diagram in which the relationship between three variables is represented by a straight line or curve for each variable; the value of the third variable corresponding to particular values of the first two is obtained by drawing a straight line through the points on the first two curves that represent particular values of the first two variables and noting the point at which the line intersects the third line or curve.

nomophobia n
nomophobie

non- /ˈnɑn/ /ˈnɒn/ prefix
non-
Used in the sense of no or none, to show lack of or failure to perform; or in the sense of not, to negate the meaning of the word to which it is prefixed.

non-Euclidean adj
non-euclidien
of, or relating to non-Euclidean geometry

non-Euclidean geometry non-Euclidean geometries n
géométrie non euclidienne
(geometry) Any system of geometry not based on the set of axioms of Euclidean geometry, which is based on the three-dimensional space of common experience.

non-aggression principle n
principe de non-agression

non-binary /ˌnɔnˈbaɪ.nɚˌi/ /ˌnɔnˈbaɪ.nɛɹˌi/ adj
non-binaire
Having or pertaining to a gender identity not represented by the gender binary; not exclusively male or female; genderqueer.

non-breaking space non-breaking spaces n
espace insécable
(computing) A variant of the space character that prevents text from wrapping onto the next line at that point.

non-cisgender adj
non-cis non-cisgenre

non-commissioned officer non-commissioned officers n
sous-officier
A person of authority in the military who has not received a commission (a direct conveyance of authority from the sovereign government); as such they can have charge or control but not command in the most technical use of the word.

non-compete adj
de non-concurrence
(legal) Describing a contractual clause that prevents a person or company from competing with another, especially with a former employer or partner

non-disclosure agreement non-disclosure agreements n
accord de confidentialité accord de non-divulgation
(legal, business) A contract that enjoins a party not to disclose certain information.

non-empty adj
non vide
(set theory) Of a set, containing at least one element; not the empty set.

non-esterified fatty acid non-esterified fatty acids n
acide gras non estérifié
(biochemistry) Any fatty acid which occurs free, rather than esterified with glycerol to form a glyceride or other lipid; usually as the result of hydrolysis

non-finite verb non-finite verbs n
verbe non fini
(grammar) A verb form that lacks a subject, is not inflected by tense, aspect, mood, number, gender or person and cannot serve as a predicate.

non-fungible token non-fungible tokens n
jeton non fongible
A cryptocurrency token that records ownership of something.

non-governmental organization non-governmental organizations n
organisation non gouvernementale
A legally constituted non-commercial organization created by natural or legal persons with no participation or representation of any government.

non-intervention non-interventions n
non-intervention
(political science) The policy of a state of not intervening in the domestic affairs of another.

non-native speaker non-native speakers n
locuteur non-natif
(linguistics) Someone who has another native tongue than the language being used.

non-negative adj
positif

non-op /nɒnˈɒp/ adj
non-op

non-player character non-player characters n
ordi
(role-playing games, video gaming) A character in a role-playing game or computer game whose actions are not controlled by a player.

non-smoker non-smokers n
non-fumeur non-fumeuse
Somebody who does not smoke tobacco.

non-smoking adj
non-fumeur
Having restrictions on smoking.

non-venomous adj
non toxique
Not producing venom.

non-verbal /ˌnɑnˈvɝ.bl̩/ /ˌnɒnˈvɜː.bl̩/ adj
non-verbal
(of communication) In a form other than written or spoken words, such as gestures, facial expressions or body language.

non-violent adj
non violent
(Of a deed, event etc.) Without violence.

nona- prefix
nona-
nine

nonadecane nonadecanes n
nonadécane

nonaggression nonaggressions n
non-agression
an absence of aggression

nonagon /ˈnɑn.ə.ɡɑn/ /ˈnɒn.ə.ɡən/ nonagons n
nonagone
(geometry) A polygon with nine sides and nine angles; an enneagon.

nonalcoholic adj
non alcoolisé sans alcool
Containing no more than trace amounts of alcohol.

nonaligned adj
non-aligné
Not allied with any particular nation, or to any side in a dispute

nonalignment nonalignments n
non-alignement
The condition of being nonaligned

nonbeliever nonbelievers n
athée non-croyant non-croyante
a person who does not believe, especially regarding religion.

nonce /nɑns/ /nɒns/ nonces n
pointeur
(British, Ireland, pejorative) A sex offender, especially one who is guilty of sexual offences against children. [1975]

nonce word nonce words n
hapax mot ad hoc
(lexicography) A word invented for the occasion.

nonchalance /ˈnɒnʃələns/ /ˌnɑːnʃəˈlɑːns/ nonchalances n
nonchalance
Indifference, unconcern; carelessness; coolness; disregard, detachment.

nonchalant /ˈnɒn.ʃəl.ənt/ /ˌnɑn.ʃəˈlɑnt/ more nonchalant most nonchalant adj
décontracté
Casually calm and relaxed.
désinvolte nonchalant
Indifferent; unconcerned; behaving as if detached.

nonchalantly more nonchalantly most nonchalantly adv
nonchalamment
In a nonchalant manner.

nonchurchgoer nonchurchgoers n
non-pratiquant
One who is not a churchgoer, who does not attend church.

noncitizen noncitizens n
non-citoyen non-citoyenne
Someone who is not a citizen of the country in question

nonclustered index nonclustered indexes nonclustered indices n
index non-cluster
(databases) a type of database index that contains a series of sorted pointers pointing to the physical data rows, which are organized either in a heap or in the sort order specified by a clustered index, on the disk

noncommittal /ˌnɑnkəˈmɪtl̩/ /ˌnɒnkəˈmɪtl̩/ more noncommittal most noncommittal adj
évasif
Tending to avoid commitment; lacking certainty or decisiveness; reluctant to give out information or show one's feelings or opinion.

nonconformist more nonconformist most nonconformist adj
anticonformiste
Not conforming to established customs, etc.

nonconformist nonconformists n
anticonformiste
Someone who does not conform to accepted beliefs, customs or practices. [from 17th c.]

nonconformity nonconformities n
anticonformisme
Refusal to conform to the doctrine, discipline, or practice of a state religion, especially refusal by other Protestants to conform to the doctrine or discipline of the Church of England; the principles or practice of nonconformists; nonconformists as a class.

nondescript /nɑndəsˈkɹɪpt/ /ˈnɒndɪskɹɪpt/ more nondescript most nondescript adj
banal quelconque
Without distinguishing qualities or characteristics.

nondeterministic adj
indéterministe
(computer science) Exhibiting nondeterminism; involving choices between indistinguishable possibilities.

none /nʌn/ adv
en rien
To no extent, in no way. [from 11th c.]
aucunement
Not at all, not very. [from 13th c.]

none /nʌn/ pronoun
aucun personne aucune
Not any of a given number or group.

none of someone's business n
c'est pas ton affaire
(idiomatic) A matter that someone is not entitled to be involved in or informed about.

none of your beeswax phraseologicalUnit
ce ne sont pas tes oignons s’occuper de ses oignons
A riposte to badgering questioning, expressing a refusal to answer, and an insistence that the questioner cease prying any further.

nonego nonegos n
non-moi
(philosophy) That part of the psyche excluding the ego

nonentity nonentities n
moins-que-rien
(countable) An unimportant or insignificant person.

nones /nəʊnz/ nones n
nones
(historical, often, _, capitalized) The notional first-quarter day of a Roman month, occurring on the 7th day of the four original 31-day months (March, May, Quintilis or July, and October) and on the 5th day of all other months.
none
(obsolete) Alternative form of noon: the sixth hour after dawn; midday (12 pm).

nonetheless /ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs/ adv
néanmoins

nonexistence nonexistences n
non-existence
The state of not existing.

nonexistent adj
inexistant
Not existent or existing; not real.

nonfiction nonfictions n
non-fiction
Written works intended to give facts, or true accounts of real things and events. Often used attributively.

nonfictional adj
non fictionnel

nonflammable adj
ininflammable
Not combustible.

nonfree adj
payant
(rare) Not free, not free of charge, that costs money, that must be paid for, that must be purchased; paid (as in paid service); pay (as in pay channel); cash (as in cash bar).

nonillion nonillions numeral
quintillion nonillion
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) 1030.
(dated British & Australian, long scale) 1054.

noninterference noninterferences n
non-ingérence
The policy of a state or other actor of not interfering in the domestic policies of another

nonkilling nonkillings n
non-meurtre
A precept or worldview that affirms the possibility of a society where killing is absent.

nonlinear adj
non-linéaire
(of a system) Whose output is not directly proportional to its input.

nonlinearity nonlinearities n
non-linéarité
(uncountable) The state of being nonlinear.

nonmetal nonmetals n
non-métal
(chemistry) An element, such as phosphorus or chlorine, that does not have the chemical or physical properties of a metal.

nonogram /ˈnɑːnəɡɹæm/ /ˈnɒnəɡɹæm/ nonograms n
nonogram picross
(games, puzzles) A puzzle in which cells of a grid must be filled or left blank, according to sets of numbers given at the side of the grid, to reveal a hidden picture.

nonpareil /nɒm-/ /nɒnpəˈɹeɪ(l)/ /ˈnɒm-/ /ˈnɒnpəɹ(ə)l/ /ˈnɒnpɹ(ə)l/ /ˌnɑnpəˈɹɛl/ more nonpareil most nonpareil adj
hors de pair nonpareil sans pareil sans égal
(frequently, postpositive) Unequalled, unrivalled; unique. [from 15th c.]

nonpareil /nɒm-/ /nɒnpəˈɹeɪ(l)/ /ˈnɒm-/ /ˈnɒnpəɹ(ə)l/ /ˈnɒnpɹ(ə)l/ /ˌnɑnpəˈɹɛl/ nonpareils n
nonpareille
(uncountable, typography, chiefly, historical) A size of type between ruby and emerald (or, in the United States, between agate and minion), standardized as 6-point; (countable) a slug of this size.

nonpayment nonpayments n
non-paiement
The failure to make a payment

nonplace nonplaces n
non-lieu
That which is not a place but has some aspects of one, such as cyberspace.

nonplussed /nɒnˈplʌst/ /ˌnɑnˈplʌst/ more nonplussed most nonplussed adj
déconcerté interloqué perplexe
Unsure how to act or respond; bewildered, perplexed. [from early 17th c.]

nonpositive adj
négatif
(mathematics, of a quantity) Not positive; either zero or negative.

nonpracticing adj
non pratiquant non-pratiquant
Not practicing; of a person in a particular profession, not engaged in the practice of that profession; of a person born into a particular religion, not abiding by the rituals and mores of that religion.

nonprofessional adj
amateur non-professionnel
not professional; amateur

nonprofessional nonprofessionals n
amateur non-professionnel
One who is not a professional; an amateur.

nonprofit adj
sans but lucratif à but non lucratif
Not seeking to produce a profit (a financial gain).

nonprofit nonprofits n
association sans but lucratif
Ellipsis of nonprofit organization: an organization that exists for reasons other than to make a profit, such as a charitable, educational or service organization.

nonprogrammer nonprogrammers n
non-programmeur
A person who is not a computer programmer.

nonproliferation nonproliferations n
non-prolifération

nonpyrogenic adj
non-pyrogènique
(pathology, chemistry, geology) Not pyrogenic.

nonrepresentational adj
non-figuratif
(art) That does not represent a physical object realistically.

nonrepudiation n
non-répudiation
(telecommunication) Assurance that the claimed sender or recipient is in fact the party who sent or received a given message.

nonrivalrous adj
non-rival
(economics) Not rivalrous.

nonsense /ˈnɑn.sɛns/ /ˈnɒn.səns/ more nonsense most nonsense adj
non-sens
(biochemistry) Resulting from the substitution of a nucleotide in a sense codon, causing it to become a stop codon (not coding for an amino-acid).

nonsense /ˈnɑn.sɛns/ /ˈnɒn.səns/ interjection
n'importe quoi !
An emphatic rejection of something one has just heard and does not believe or agree with.

nonsense /ˈnɑn.sɛns/ /ˈnɒn.səns/ nonsenses n
absurdité bêtise
Letters or words, in writing or speech, that have no meaning or pattern or seem to have no meaning.
connerie n'importe quoi sottise
An untrue statement.
non-sens
(biology) A damaged DNA sequence whose products are not biologically active, that is, that does nothing.

nonsensical more nonsensical most nonsensical adj
absurde sans queue ni tête
Without sense; absurd.

nonsteroidal adj
non stéroïdien non-stéroïdien
(steroid) That does not consist of or contain steroids.

nonstop /ˌnɑnˈstɑp/ /ˌnɒnˈstɒp/ adj
sans escale
Without stopping; without interruption or break.

nonswimmer nonswimmers n
non-nageur non-nageuse
One who is not a swimmer, who does not or cannot swim.

nontotient nontotients n
anti-indicateur
(mathematics) An integer that is never a value of Euler's totient function.

nontoxic adj
atoxique

nontrans adj
non-trans

nontransgender adj
non-transgenre

nontranssexual adj
non-transsexuel non-transsexuelle

nonunion /nɒnˈjuːni.ən/ nonunions n
désunion
Lack of union; failure to become united.

nonviolence nonviolences n
non-violence non resistance non-résistance
A philosophy that rejects the use of violence, and instead seeks to bring about change through peaceful responses even to violent acts.

noodle /nud(ə)l/ /nuːdl̩/ noodles n
nouille
(usually, in the plural) A string or flat strip of pasta or other dough, usually cooked (at least initially) by boiling, and served in soup or in a dry form mixed with a sauce and other ingredients.

nook /nuːk/ /nʊk/ nooks n
angle coin
A small corner formed by two walls; an alcove.
recoin
A hidden or secluded spot; a secluded retreat.

nook and cranny nooks and crannies n
tous les coins et les recoins
(idiomatic) A place or part of a place, especially small or remote.

nookie /ˈnʊki/ n
baise
(slang) Sex or other sexual activity, especially if illicit.

noon /nuːn/ noons n
midi
(now, rare) The corresponding time in the middle of the night; midnight.

noose /nuːs/ nooses n
lacs nœud coulant
An adjustable loop of rope, such as the one placed around the neck in hangings, or the one at the end of a lasso.

noosphere /ˈnoʊ.əsfɪɚ/ /ˈnəʊ.əsfɪə/ noospheres n
noosphère
The sphere of human reason, thought, and consciousness, seen as a theoretical evolutionary stage.

nopalery /ˈnoʊpəˌlɛri/ /ˈnəʊp(ə)ləɹi/ /ˈnəʊp(ə)lɹi/ nopaleries n
nopalerie nopalière
(chiefly, historical) A plantation of nopal (a prickly pear cactus of the genus Opuntia, especially Opuntia cochinellifera) used as food for the cochineal insect (Dactylopius coccus), which is raised to produce carmine dye. [from late 18th c.]

nope /noʊp/ [noʊp̚] particle
nan bah
(informal, commonly, emphatic) No.

nor /nɔɹ/ /nɔː/ conjunction
ni
(literary) And... not (introducing a negative statement, without necessarily following one).
A function word introducing each except the first term of a series, indicating none of them is true.
(archaic) Neither.
Used to introduce a further negative statement.
(UK, dialect) Than.

noria /ˈnɔɹ.i.ə/ /ˈnɔː.ɹɪə/ norias n
noria
A tread wheel with attached buckets, used to raise and deposit water.
Any mechanism using buckets to raise water to an aqueduct.

norm /nɔːm/ norms n
norme
That which is normal or typical.
A rule that is imposed by regulations and/or socially enforced by members of a community.
(mathematics) A function, generally denoted v\mapsto\left|v\right| or v\mapsto\left\|v\right\|, that maps vectors to non-negative scalars and has the following properties:

norm /nɔːm/ v
normer
(analysis) To endow (a vector space, etc.) with a norm.

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ more normal most normal normaler normalest adj
normal
According to norms or rules or to a regular pattern.
Usual, healthy; not sick or ill or unlike oneself.
(education, of a school) teaching teachers how to teach (to certain norms)
normal ordinaire
(set theory, of a function from the ordinals to the ordinals) Which is strictly monotonically increasing and continuous with respect to the order topology.

normal /ˈnɔɹm(ə)l/ /ˈnɔːml̩/ normals n
normale normal
(geometry) A line or vector that is perpendicular to another line, surface, or plane.

normal basis normal bases n
base normale
(algebra, field theory) For a given Galois field 𝔽qm and a suitable element β, a basis that has the form {β, βq, βq2, ... , βqm-1}.

normal distribution normal distributions n
loi normale
(statistics) Any of a family of continuous probability distributions such that the probability density function is the Gaussian function

normal school normal schools n
école normale
(obsolete) A school for training teachers, especially in mainland Europe and North America.

normal subgroup normal subgroups n
sous-groupe distingué
(group theory) A subgroup H of a group G that is invariant under conjugation; that is, for all elements h of H and for all elements g in G, the element ghg−1 is in H.

normalcy /ˈnɔɹməlsi/ normalcies n
normalité
(US) The state of being normal; the fact of being normal; normality.

normality /noːˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ti/ /nɔːˈmæl.ɪ.ti/ [nɔɹˈmæl.ə.ɾi] normalities n
normalité
(uncountable) The state of being normal or usual; normalcy.

normalization /ˌnɔɹ.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌnɔɹ.məˌlaɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ [ˈnoː.mə.ləˈzæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˈnɔː.mə.ləˈzeɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnoː.məˌlɑɪˈzæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌnɔː.məˌlaɪˈzeɪ.ʃn̩] normalizations n
normalisation
Any process that makes something more normal or regular, which typically means conforming to some regularity or rule, or returning from some state of abnormality.

normalize /ˈnɔɹ.mə.laɪz/ /ˈnɔː.mə.laɪz/ v
normaliser

normally /ˈnɔɹ.mə.li/ /ˈnɔːmə.li/ more normally most normally adv
normalement
Under normal conditions or circumstances; usually; most of the time
In the expected or customary manner.

normally black adj
normalement noir
(technology) for LCD to be opaque and thus black when voltage is not applied to a pixel electrode and transparent and thus white when voltage is applied.

normally white adj
normalement blanc
(technology) for LCD to be transparent and thus white when voltage is not applied to a pixel electrode and opaque and thus black when voltage is applied.

normative /ˈnoː.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔɹ.mə.tɪv/ /ˈnɔː.mə.tɪv/ [ˈnɔɹ.mə.ɾɪv] more normative most normative adj
normatif normative
Of or pertaining to a norm or standard.

normativism n
normativisme

normativity normativities n
normativité
The state of being normative.

normativization normativizations n
normativisation

normativize v
normativiser
(transitive) To make normative.

normcore /ˈnɔɹmˌkoɹ/ /ˈnɔːmkɔː/ n
normcore
(fashion) A unisex fashion trend characterized by average-looking, unpretentious clothing. [from 2008]

normopath normopaths n
normopathe
A person who conforms excessively to social norms.

normopathy normopathies n
normopathie
The pursuit of conformity and societal acceptance at the expense of individuality.

normothermic /nɔɹmoʊˈθɝmɪk/ /nɔːməˈθɜːmɪk/ adj
normothermique
(medicine) Having a normal body temperature

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] adj
nord boréal septentrional

north /noɹθ/ /noːθ/ /nɔəθ/ /nɔː(ɹ)θ/ /nɔːθ/ [no̞ɹθ] norths n
nord septentrion
The direction towards the pole to the left-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 0°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the northern side of the invariable plane.
The up or positive direction.
(physics) The positive or north pole of a magnet, which seeks the magnetic pole near Earth's geographic North Pole (which, for its magnetic properties, is a south pole).
Alternative letter-case form of North (“a northern region; the inhabitants thereof”). [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the left-hand side of a person facing the altar.

north by east n
nord-quart-nord-est
The compass point halfway between north and north-northeast; specifically at a bearing of 11.25°.

north by west n
nord quart nord-ouest nord-quart-nord-ouest
The compass point halfway between north and north-northwest, specifically 348.75°, abbreviated as NbW.

north pole /ˌnɔɹθ ˈpoʊl/ /ˌnɔːθ ˈpəʊl/ north poles n
pôle Nord
The northernmost point on celestial bodies other than Earth.
pôle nord
(electromagnetism) The positive pole of a magnetic dipole that seeks geographic north.

north wind north winds n
aquilon nord
A wind blowing from the north.

north-northeast n
nord-nord-est
The compass point halfway between north and northeast; specifically at a bearing of 22.5°.

north-northwest n
nord-nord-ouest
The compass point halfway between northwest and north; specifically at a bearing of 337.5°.

northeast northeasts n
nord-est
The intercardinal compass point halfway between north and east; specifically at a bearing of 45°.

northeast by east n
nord-est-quart-est
The compass point halfway between northeast and east-northeast, specifically 56.25°, abbreviated as NEbE.

northeast by north n
nord-est-quart-nord
The compass point halfway between northeast and north-northeast, specifically 33.75°, abbreviated as NEbN.

northeastern /ˌnorˈθiː.stɚn/ /ˌnɔːˈθiː.stn̩/ more northeastern most northeastern adj
nord-oriental
Of, related to, located in, or from the northeast.

northerly /ˈnɔɹðɚli/ /ˈnɔːðəli/ northerlies n
aquilon
A wind blowing from the north.

northern /ˈnɒðə(ɹ)n/ /ˈnɔɹðɚn/ /ˈnɔːðn̩/ /ˈnɔːðən/ more northern most northern adj
boréal septentrional
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the north; northerly.
bise
(of a wind) Blowing from the north; northerly.

northern bobwhite northern bobwhites n
colin de Virginie
A bird of the species Colinus virginianus, native to eastern North America.

northern flicker northern flickers n
pic flamboyant
Colaptes auratus, a medium-sized member of the woodpecker family, native to most of Central and North America.

northern fulmar northern fulmars n
fulmar boréal fulmar glacial pétrel fulmar
An Arctic seabird, Fulmarus glacialis.

northern fur seal northern fur seals n
ours de mer
A fur seal of the species Callorhinus ursinus (formerly Arctocephalus ursinus), of the northern Pacific.

northern gannet northern gannets n
fou de Bassan
A seabird, Morus bassanus.

northern goshawk northern goshawks n
autour des palombes
Accipiter gentilis, a bird of prey of the family Accipitridae.

northern jacana northern jacanas n
jacana du Mexique jacana roux jacana à ailes jaunes
Jacana spinosa, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

northern lapwing northern lapwings n
vanneau huppé
A crested plover, Vanellus vanellus.

northern lights n
aurore boréale aurore polaire
The aurora of the northern hemisphere.

northern shoveler northern shovelers n
canard souchet
Spatula clypeata, formerly Anas clypeata, a duck breeding in northern areas of Europe and across the Palearctic and across most of North America.

northern shrike northern shrikes n
pie-grièche boréale
Lanius borealis, a large songbird species in the shrike family (Laniidae) native to North America and Siberia.

northern shrimp northern shrimp northern shrimps n
crevette nordique
A species of shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, Pandalus borealis.

northern wheatear northern wheatears n
traquet motteux
Oenanthe oenanthe, an Old World flycatcher.

northern wild rice n
riz sauvage
Wild rice of the species Zizania palustris, native to Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and Canada north and west of the Great Lakes.

northerner northerners n
habitant du nord habitante du nord nordiste
A native or inhabitant of the north of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as one of the northern United States, the north of Norway, etc.

northernize v
septentrionaliser

northwest /nɔɹθˈwɛst/ /nɔːθˈwɛst/ northwests n
nord-ouest
The intercardinal compass point halfway between west and north; specifically at a bearing of 315°.

northwest by north n
nord-ouest-quart-nord
The compass point halfway between northwest and north-northwest, specifically 326.25°, abbreviated as NWbN.

northwest by west n
nord-ouest-quart-ouest
The compass point halfway between northwest and west-northwest, specifically 303.75°, abbreviated as NWbW.

northwestern /nɔːθˈwɛst.ə(ɹ)n/ /nɔːθˈwɛstn̩/ more northwestern most northwestern adj
du nord-ouest nord-occidental

nose [noʊ̯z] [noːz] [nəwz] [nəʊ̯z] noses n
nez
A protuberance on the face housing the nostrils, which are used to breathe or smell.
The tip of an object.
museau gueule trompe
A snout, the nose of an animal.
excroissance
The bulge on the side of a piece of a jigsaw puzzle, that fits into the hole of its adjacent piece.
nez odorat
The skill in recognising bouquet.

nosebag nosebags n
moreau musette
A sack or bag for feeding a horse, mule, ox or similar animal, generally on the move or away from the home stable or paddock. Designed to be attached to harness and slipped over the animal's nose to permit feeding while eliminating spillage; designs vary.

noseband nosebands n
muserolle
The part of a bridle or halter that goes over the nose of an animal, particularly a horse.

nosebleed /ˈnoʊzˌblid/ /ˈnəʊzˌbliːd/ nosebleeds n
saignement de nez
A haemorrhage from the nose; usually, blood flow exiting the nostrils that originates from the nasal cavity.

noseclip noseclips n
pince-nez
A device that holds a person's nostrils closed to prevent water from entering, or air from escaping, during swimming and other aquatic activities.

nosegay /ˈnoʊzˌɡeɪ/ /ˈnəʊzɡeɪ/ nosegays n
petit bouquet
A small bunch of fragrant flowers or herbs tied in a bundle, often presented as a gift; nosegays were originally intended to be put to the nose for the pleasant sensation or to mask unpleasant odours. [from 15th c.]

nosey parker nosey parkers n
fouinard fouinarde
(UK, Ireland) An overly inquisitive or prying person.

nosocomial /ˌnoʊ-/ /ˌnɑ.səˈkoʊ.mi.əl/ /ˌnɒ.sə(ʊ)ˈkəʊ.mi.əl/ /ˌnəʊ-/ adj
nosocomial
(pathology) Of an infection or its cause: arising from the environment of, or treatment in, a hospital. [from early 19th c.]
(medicine, uncommon) Of, relating to, or happening in a hospital.

nosode /ˈnɒsəʊd/ nosodes n
nosode
(homeopathy) A homeopathic preparation of diseased matter.

nosology nosologies n
nosologie
The study of diseases; the systematic investigation or classification of disease.

nosophobia nosophobias n
nosophobie
An excessive or irrational fear of contracting a disease, such as: HIV/AIDS, pulmonary tuberculosis, venereal diseases, cancer, and heart diseases.

nostalgia /nɑˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɑˈstɑld͡ʒə/ /nɒˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɔˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nɔˈstɑld͡ʒə/ /nəˈstæld͡ʒə/ /nəˈstæɫd͡ʒə/ /nəˈstɑld͡ʒə/ nostalgias n
nostalgie
(transferred sense) A bittersweet yearning for the things of the past. [from 20th c.]

nostalgic more nostalgic most nostalgic adj
nostalgique
Of, having, or relating to nostalgia.

nostalgic nostalgics n
nostalgique
A person who displays nostalgia for something.

nostril /ˈnɒstɹəl/ /ˈnɒstɹɪl/ nostrils n
narine naseau trou de nez
Either of the two orifices located on the nose (or on the beak of a bird); used as a passage for air and other gases to travel the nasal passages.

nostrum /ˈnɑ.stɹəm/ /ˈnɒs.tɹəm/ nostra nostrums n
orviétan poudre de perlimpimpin remède de bonne femme
A medicine or remedy in conventional use which has not been proven to have any desirable medical effects.

nosy /ˈnoʊzi/ /ˈnəʊziː/ more nosy most nosy nosier nosiest adj
curieux fouineur fureteur
Prying, inquisitive or curious in other’s affairs; tending to snoop or meddle.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] adv
pas ne ne ... pas
Negates the meaning of the modified verb.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] conjunction
non pas pas
And not.

not /nɑt/ /nɒt/ /nɔt/ [nɑ̈ʔt̚] [nɒt] [nɒʔ(t)] [nɔt] [nɞʔt] interjection
ou pas

not a chance adv
jamais de la vie
(idiom) Absolutely not; no way.

not a minute too soon adv
pas trop tôt
(idiomatic) at the last possible moment; just in time

not at all [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɑɫ] [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɔɫ] [ˈnɒtʰəˈtʰɔːɫ] [ˈnɔɾəˈɾoːɫ] adv
pas du tout
(emphatic) Not in the least.

not at all [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɑɫ] [ˈnɑɾəˈɾɔɫ] [ˈnɒtʰəˈtʰɔːɫ] [ˈnɔɾəˈɾoːɫ] interjection
de rien il n'y a pas de quoi pas de quoi
(idiomatic) Used similarly to you're welcome, as a conventional reply to an expression of gratitude.

not bad adj
pas mal
(litotes) Reasonably good.

not even adv
même pas
Introduces or constitutes a more emphatic negation or exclusion than "not".

not forgetting conjunction
sans oublier

not have a pot to piss in v
ne pas avoir un rond

not have the faintest v
ne pas avoir la moindre idée

not in the least adv
du tout pas du tout pas le moins du monde
(idiomatic) not at all, not in any way

not know which end is up v
être à la masse
(idiomatic) To have no common sense; to be ignorant of the most basic facts; to be very confused.

not know which way to turn v
ne pas savoir sur quel pied danser ne plus savoir où donner de la tête

not much to look at adj
ne pas payer de mine

not on your life adv
jamais de la vie
(idiomatic) Absolutely not; under no circumstances.

not only … but also conjunction
non seulement … mais aussi non seulement … mais en plus

not really adv
pas vraiment
To a low degree, not particularly, not especially.

not so fast phraseologicalUnit
minute papillon pas si vite
(idiomatic) Used to tell someone to stop doing something.

not that conjunction
non pas que non que pas que

not that I know of interjection
pas que je sache

not the end of the world phraseologicalUnit
ce n'est pas la fin du monde
(idiomatic) (It's of) minor importance, at least not as important as it first seemed.

not the sharpest knife in the drawer not the sharpest knives in the drawer n
ne pas avoir inventé le fil à couper le beurre
(humorous, euphemistic) Lacking in intelligence; dimwitted.

not to be outdone phraseologicalUnit
pour ne pas être en reste

not to mention conjunction
sans parler de
(idiomatic) An apophasis used by a speaker to introduce, despite claiming not to address, a given point of discussion.

not to put too fine a point on it /nɑt tə ˌpʊt tu ˌfaɪn ə ˈpɔɪnt ɑn ət/ /nɒt tʊ ˌpʊt tuː ˌfaɪn ə ˈpɔɪnt ɒn ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
pardonnez-moi l'expression passez-moi l'expression si vous me permettez l'expression
(idiomatic) Used to apologize for a possibly impolite statement one is making; to put it bluntly; to express it in plain terms.

not to say conjunction
pour ne pas dire
Even; perhaps; almost.

not touch with a ten-foot pole v
éviter à tout prix
(idiomatic) To avoid something at all costs; to refuse to associate with something; signifies a strong aversion.

not worth a brass farthing adj
ne pas valoir tripette
(idiomatic) Worth nothing or next to nothing.

not yet adv
pas encore
Not for the moment, though expected later.

notability notabilities n
notoriété notabilité
(uncountable) The quality or state of being notable or eminent.

notable /ˈnoʊdəbəl/ /ˈnəʊtəbl̩/ more notable most notable adj
remarquable notable
Worthy of note; remarkable; memorable; noted or distinguished. [from 14th c.]

notable /ˈnoʊdəbəl/ /ˈnəʊtəbl̩/ notables n
notable personnage
A person or thing of distinction.

notably more notably most notably adv
notamment
(focus) As a pointed example; in a notable manner.

notaphily n
billetophilie

notary /ˈnoʊtəɹi/ notaries n
notaire notairesse
(legal, Canada, US) A notary public, a public officer who serves as an impartial witness to the signing of important documents, but who is not authorised to practise law.

notary public /ˈnəʊtəɹi ˈpʌblɪk/ notaries public notaries publics n
notaire
(law) An officer who can administer oaths and statutory declarations, witness and authenticate documents and perform certain other acts varying from jurisdiction to jurisdiction.

notch /nɑt͡ʃ/ /nɒtʃ/ notches n
encoche
Such a cut, used for keeping a record.
entaille
A V-shaped cut.
cran
(informal) A level or degree.

note /noʊt/ /nəʊt/ notes n
note
A brief remark; a marginal comment or explanation; hence, an annotation on a text or author; a comment; a critical, explanatory, or illustrative observation.
A brief piece of writing intended to assist the memory; a memorandum; a minute.
A short informal letter; a billet.
(music) A sound.
A character, variously formed, to indicate the length of a tone, and variously placed upon the staff to indicate its pitch.

note /noʊt/ /nəʊt/ v
noter remarquer
(transitive) To notice with care; to observe; to remark; to heed.
noter prendre note
(transitive) To record in writing; to make a memorandum of.

note value note values n
valeur de note
(music) A musical notation that indicates the relative duration of a note, using the color or shape of the note head, the presence or absence of a stem, and the presence of flags.

notebook /ˈnoʊtˌbʊk/ /ˈnəʊtˌbʊk/ notebooks n
cahier calepin
(computing, sometimes, attributive) A kind of user interface in literate programming, allowing calculations to be interspersed with human-readable comments, diagrams, etc.
notebook laptop ordinateur portatif
(computing) Ellipsis of notebook computer. A laptop.

notepad notepads n
bloc-notes
A pad of paper, often bound, in which one jots down notes; a notebook.

notetaking /ˈnoʊt.teɪkɪŋ/ notetakings n
prise de notes
The practice of writing down pieces of information gained from a particular source, such as a lecture or presentation.

nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/ [ˈnʌʔn̩] pronoun
rien ne + verb + rien nulle chose
Not any thing; no thing.

nothing but adv
rien que ne...que
only

nothing to write home about pronoun
ce n'est pas le Pérou ça ne casse pas trois pattes à un canard
(idiomatic) Not exceptional; not noteworthy or especially good.

nothingness nothingnesses n
néant
The state of nonexistence; the condition of being nothing.
vide
A void; an emptiness.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] notices n
remarquer
(mostly, uncountable) The act of observing; perception.
notification
(countable) A written or printed announcement.
préavis
(chiefly, uncountable) Advance notification of termination of employment, given by an employer to an employee or vice versa.
(uncountable) Prior notification.

notice /ˈnoʊtɪs/ /ˈnəʊtɪs/ [ˈnoʊɾɪs] v
remarquer s'apercevoir
(transitive) To become aware of; to observe. [from 17th c.]

notice period notice periods n
période de préavis
(labour law) The time period between the receipt of the letter of dismissal and the last working day.

noticeable /ˈnoʊtɪsəbl̩/ /ˈnəʊtɪsəbl̩/ more noticeable most noticeable adj
repérable détectable remarquable
Capable of being seen or noticed.
remarquable
Worthy of note; significant.

noticeably more noticeably most noticeably adv
sensiblement
(degree) To a detectable degree, sufficient to be noticed.

notification /ˌnoʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌnəʊtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ notifications n
notification
(uncountable) The act of notifying.
(countable) A specific piece of information that serves to notify.

notify /ˈnoʊtɪfaɪ/ v
notifier
(transitive) To give (someone) notice (of some event). [from mid-15th c.]

notion /ˈnoʊʃən/ /ˈnəʊʃən/ notions n
notion
Mental apprehension of whatever may be known, thought, or imagined; idea, concept.

notional /ˈnəʊʃənəl/ more notional most notional adj
notionnel
Of, containing, or being a notion; mental or imaginary.
(linguistics) Having descriptive value as opposed to a syntactic category.
(finance) Used to indicate an estimate or a reference amount

notorious /noʊ-/ /nə(ʊ)ˈtɔː.ɹɪ.əs/ /nəˈtɔ.ɹi.əs/ more notorious most notorious adj
notoire
Of a person or entity: generally or widely known for something negative; infamous.

notoriously /nəˈtɔːɹɪəsli/ more notoriously most notoriously adv
notoirement
In a notorious or notable manner; as is commonly known.

notwithstanding /ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/ conjunction
bien que
Although; despite; even though.

notwithstanding /ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/ /ˌnɒtwɪðˈstændɪŋ/ postposition
malgré en dépit de nonobstant
In spite of, despite.

nougat /ˈnuɡət/ /ˈnuːɡɑː/ /ˈnʌɡɪt/ nougats n
nougat nougatine
(uncountable) A mixture consisting of egg white and a sweetener, variously mixed with (in, _, western, _, Europe) almonds or (in, _, eastern, _, Europe) hazelnuts or (in, _, America) used without nuts as a filler in candy bars.

nought /nɔːt/ noughts n
zéro
(UK) Not any quantity of number; zero; the score of no points in a game.
(UK) The figure or character representing, or having the shape of, zero.

noumenal adj
nouménal
(philosophy, especially Kantianism) Of or pertaining to the noumenon or the realm of things as they are in themselves.

noumenon /ˈnaʊmənɒn/ /ˈnumənɑn/ /ˈnuːmənɒn/ noumena n
noumène
(from Kantian, _, philosophy, _, on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

noun /naʊn/ /næːn/ nouns n
nom substantif nom substantif
(grammar, narrow sense) A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as person, animal, place, word, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality, or idea; one of the basic parts of speech in many languages, including English.
nom
(grammar, now rare, broad sense) Either a word that can be used to refer to a person, animal, place, thing, phenomenon, substance, quality or idea, or a word that modifies or describes a previous word or its referent; a substantive or adjective, sometimes also including other parts of speech such as numeral or pronoun.

noun class noun classes n
classe nominale
(linguistics) A grammatical category similar to gender in which nouns may be organised according to meaning, such as sex, animacy or shape. This is a prominent feature of some of the world's languages, notably the Bantu language family.

noun clause noun clauses n
proposition nominale
(grammar) a subordinate clause which functions as a subject or object of the main clause

noun phrase noun phrases n
groupe nominal syntagme nominal
(grammar) A phrase that has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head or performs the same grammatical function as a noun.

nourish /ˈnɝ.ɪʃ/ /ˈnʊɹ.ɪʃ/ /ˈnʌɹ.ɪʃ/ v
nourrir
(transitive) To feed and cause to grow; to supply with food or other matter which increases weight and promotes health.

nourish a viper in one's bosom v
réchauffer un serpent dans son sein
(idiom) To do acts of kindness that will be met with ingratitude and will cause one harm in the end.

nourishment /ˈnɝɪʃmənt/ /ˈnʊɹɪʃmənt/ /ˈnʌɹɪʃmənt/ nourishments n
nourriture
Something that nourishes; food

nous /naʊs/ /nuːs/ n
nous
(philosophy) The mind or intellect, reason, both rational and emotional
In Neoplatonism, the divine reason, regarded as first divine emanation.

nouveau riche /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹiʃ/ /ˌnu.voʊ ˈɹɪtʃ/ /ˌnuː.vəʊ ˈɹiːʃ/ nouveaux riches n
nouveau riche parvenu arriviste
(pejorative) New money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are newly acquired, and who are therefore perceived to lack the refinement of those who were raised wealthy.

nova /ˈnoʊ.və/ /ˈnəʊ.və/ novae novas n
nova
(astronomy) Any sudden brightening of a previously inconspicuous star.

novation /noʊˈveɪʃən/ novations n
novation
(legal) A new contract between the original contracting parties whereby the first obligation is extinguished and a new obligation is substituted.

novel /ˈnɑvəl/ /ˈnɒvəl/ [ˈnɒvl̩] more novel most novel adj
nouveau nouvelle original originale
Original, especially in an interesting way; new and striking; not of the typical or ordinary type.

novel /ˈnɑvəl/ /ˈnɒvəl/ [ˈnɒvl̩] novels n
roman
A work of prose fiction, longer than a novella. [from 17th c.]

novelist /ˈnɑvəlɪst/ /ˈnɒvəlɪst/ novelists n
romancier romancière
An author of novels.

novelize v
nouvelliser
To adapt something to a fictional form, especially to adapt into a novel.

novella /noʊˈvɛlə/ /nəʊˈvɛlə/ /nəˈvɛlə/ novellas novelle n
nouvelle court roman
A short novel or long short story.

novelty /ˈnɑvəlti/ /ˈnɒvəlti/ novelties n
nouveauté
The state of being new or novel; newness.
A new product; an innovation.

novemdecillion /ˌnoʊvəmdəˈsɪl.i.ən/ novemdecillions numeral
décillion
(US; modern British & Australian, short scale, rare) 1060.
(dated British & Australian, long scale, rare) 10114.
A very large number

novemvigintillion numeral
quindecillion
(rare, US, modern, _, British, and, Australian) 1090.

novena novenae novenas n
neuvaine
(Roman Catholicism) A recitation of prayers and devotions for nine consecutive days, especially one to a saint to ask for their intercession.

novichok novichoks n
novitchok
Any of a group of deadly organophosphate nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union in the 1970s and 1980s to evade restrictions on chemical weapons.

now /naʊ/ adv
maintenant
At the present time.
alors or
(sentential) Used to introduce a point, a qualification of what has previously been said, a remonstration or a rebuke.

now /naʊ/ conjunction
maintenant que maintenant
Since, because, in light of the fact; often with that.

now and then /ˌnaʊ ən(d) ˈðɛn/ adv
de temps en temps de temps à autre
(idiomatic) sometimes; occasionally; intermittently

now or never adv
maintenant ou jamais
(idiomatic, set phrase) At this sole opportunity, or not at all.

now that conjunction
maintenant que
As a consequence of the fact that; since.

now you're talking phraseologicalUnit
voilà qui est parler
(idiomatic) A phrase indicating agreement with a previously stated suggestion to change a course of action.

now, now interjection
tout doux
A gentle reproach or admonition.
allons
A reassurance.

nowadays /ˈnaʊ.ə.deɪz/ adv
de nos jours aujourd'hui actuellement présentement
At the present time; in the current era. [from 14th c.]

nowhere /ˈnoʊ.(h)wɛɹ/ /ˈnəʊ.wɛə/ adv
nulle part
In no place.
To no place.

nowhere else adv
nulle part ailleurs
(set phrase) In no other place.

noxious /ˈnɒkʃəs/ more noxious most noxious adj
nocif
Harmful; injurious.

nozzle /ˈnɒzəl/ nozzles n
ajutage tuyère
A short tube, usually tapering, forming the vent of a hose or pipe.
jet tuyère
A short outlet or inlet pipe projecting from the end or side of a hollow vessel, as a steam-engine cylinder or a steam boiler.
museau
The nose of an animal; muzzle.

nshima n
nshima
A staple food in parts of Africa, a kind of porridge made from ground maize or sorghum flour.

nth /ɛnθ/ adj
énième n-ième
(mathematics) Occurring at position n in a sequence.

nth /ɛnθ/ nths n
énième n-ième
(mathematics) The item at position n in a sequence.

nu /njuː/ /nu/ nus n
nu
The letter of the Greek alphabet Ν and ν.

nuance /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ /ˈnuː.ɑːns/ nuances n
nuance détail
A minor distinction.
nuance subtilité
Subtlety or fine detail.

nuance /ˈnjuː.ɑːns/ /ˈnuː.ɑːns/ v
détailler

nuanced more nuanced most nuanced adj
nuancé détaillé
Having nuances; possessed of multiple layers of detail, pattern, or meaning.

nubiferous more nubiferous most nubiferous adj
nubifère

nubile /ˈnjuːbaɪl/ /ˈnubaɪl/ more nubile most nubile adj
nubile
Of an age suitable for marriage; marriageable (principally of a young woman). [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

nubuck nubucks n
nubuck
A type of brushed, soft calf leather, similar to suede. Differs from suede in that while suede is created from the flesh (inner) side of a hide, nubuck is created using the grain (outer) side, giving it added strength and durability.

nucellus nucelli n
nucelle
(botany) The tissue which surrounds and protects the embryo and lies inside of the integuments.

nuchal /ˈnju.kəl/ /ˈnu.kəl/ adj
nucal
Of or pertaining to the back or nape of the neck.

nuclear /ˈn(j)u.kjə.lɚ/ /ˈn(j)u.kli.ɚ/ /ˈnjuː.klɪə(ɹ)/ adj
nucléaire
Involving energy released by nuclear reactions (fission, fusion, radioactive decay). [from 20th c.]
Relating to a weapon that derives its force from rapid release of energy through nuclear reactions. [from 20th c.]
(biology) Pertaining to the nucleus of a cell. [from 19th c.]

nuclear age n
âge atomique âge nucléaire
The age in which nuclear energy and nuclear weapons were developed.

nuclear bomb nuclear bombs n
bombe atomique bombe nucléaire
A nuclear weapon

nuclear chemistry n
chimie nucléaire
(chemistry) The application of chemical techniques to the solution of problems in nuclear physics, including the discovery of naturally occurring and synthetic radioactive elements and the results of nuclear fission.

nuclear data n
données nucléaires
Compilation of experimental and evaluated data describing nuclear properties.

nuclear energy n
énergie nucléaire énergie atomique
The energy released by a nuclear reaction; either through nuclear fission or nuclear fusion

nuclear family nuclear families n
famille nucléaire
A family unit consisting of two parents (traditionally a mother and a father) and their children.

nuclear fission nuclear fissions n
fission fission nucléaire
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which a large nucleus splits into smaller ones, sometimes accompanied by the simultaneous release of energy.

nuclear fusion nuclear fusions n
fusion nucléaire
(nuclear physics) The combining of the nuclei of small atoms to form the nuclei of larger ones, with a resulting release of large quantities of energy; the process that makes the sun shine, and hydrogen bombs explode.

nuclear physics n
physique nucléaire
The branch of physics that studies the nucleus of the atom, its internal structure and components.

nuclear power nuclear powers n
énergie nucléaire
(uncountable) Power, especially electrical power, obtained using nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

nuclear power plant nuclear power plants n
centrale nucléaire
A power plant that obtains its primary energy from the heat generated in nuclear reactions.

nuclear reaction nuclear reactions n
réaction nucléaire
A process such as the fission of an atomic nucleus, or the fusion of one or more atomic nuclei and/or subatomic particles in which the number of protons and/or neutrons in a nucleus changes; the reaction products may contain a different element or a different isotope of the same element.

nuclear reactor nuclear reactors n
réacteur nucléaire
(physics) Any device in which a controlled chain reaction is maintained for the purpose of creating heat (for power generation) or for creating neutrons and other fission products for experimental, medical or other purposes.

nuclear war nuclear wars n
guerre nucléaire guerre atomique
A war fought using nuclear (fission and/or fusion) weapons.

nuclear weapon nuclear weapons n
arme nucléaire arme atomique
A weapon that derives its energy from the nuclear reactions of either fission or fusion.

nuclear winter nuclear winters n
hiver nucléaire
A predicted drop in global temperature following a nuclear war due to dust in the upper atmosphere reducing sunlight reaching the ground.

nuclease nucleases n
nucléase
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids.

nucleic adj
nucléique
Referring to the nucleus of something.

nucleic acid /njuːˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /njuːˈkliː.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ /nuˈkleɪ.ɪk ˈæsɪd/ nucleic acids n
acide nucléique
(biochemistry, genetics) Any acidic, chainlike biological macromolecule consisting of multiple repeat units of phosphoric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases; they are involved in the preservation, replication and expression of hereditary information in every living cell

nucleiform more nucleiform most nucleiform adj
nucléiforme

nucleoid /ˈnjukliˌɔɪd/ /ˈnjuːkliˌɔɪd/ /ˈnu-/ nucleoids n
nucléoïde
(microbiology) The irregularly-shaped region within a prokaryote cell where the genetic material is localized

nucleolus nucleoli n
nucléole
(cytology) A conspicuous, rounded body within the nucleus of a cell.

nucleon /ˈn(j)uːkliɒn/ nucleons n
nucléon
A proton (uud) or a neutron (udd).

nucleoprotein nucleoproteins n
nucléoprotéine

nucleosome nucleosomes n
nucléosome
(genetics) Any of the subunits that repeat in chromatin; a coil of DNA surrounding a core of eight histones.

nucleosynthesis nucleosyntheses n
nucléosynthèse
(physics, astronomy) Any of several processes that lead to the synthesis of heavier atomic nuclei.

nucleosynthetic adj
nucléosynthétique
Of or pertaining to nucleosynthesis

nucleotide /ˈn(j)u(ː)kliəˌtaɪd/ nucleotides n
nucléotide
(biochemistry) The monomer constituting DNA or RNA biopolymer molecules. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous heterocyclic base (or nucleobase), which can be either a double-ringed purine or a single-ringed pyrimidine; a five-carbon pentose sugar (deoxyribose in DNA or ribose in RNA); and a phosphate group.

nucleotidic more nucleotidic most nucleotidic adj
nucléotidique
Of or pertaining to a nucleotide

nucleus /ˈnjuː.kli.əs/ /ˈnuː.kli.əs/ nuclei nucleuses n
noyau
The core, central part of something, around which other elements are assembled.
An initial part or version that will receive additions.
(chemistry, physics) The massive, positively charged central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons.
(cytology) A large membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells which contains genetic material.
(phonetics, phonology) The central part of a syllable, most commonly a vowel.

nuclide /ˈn(j)uːklaɪd/ nuclides n
nucléide
(physics) An atomic nucleus specified by its atomic number and atomic mass.

nude /n(j)uːd/ nuder nudest adj
nu
Without clothing or other covering of the skin; without clothing on the genitals or female nipples.

nude /n(j)uːd/ nudes n
nu
A painting, sculpture, photograph or other artwork or mass-media-reproduced image depicting one or more human figure(s) in a state of near or total undress.

nudge /nʌd͡ʒ/ nudges n
petit coup de coude petite tape amicale
A gentle push.
nudge
(behavioral, _, economics) The use of positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence.

nudge /nʌd͡ʒ/ v
donner un petit coup de coude donner une petite tape amicale
(transitive) To push against gently, especially in order to gain attention or give a signal.

nudibranch /ˈn(j)uːdɪˌbɹæŋk/ nudibranchs n
nudibranche
A sea slug belonging to the order Nudibranchia.

nudism /njuː.dɪzəm/ nudisms n
nudisme
The belief in or practice of going nude in social, nonsexualized and frequently mixed-gender groups specifically in cultures where going nude in the social situation is not the norm.

nudist /ˈnudɪst/ nudists n
nudiste
A person who practices nudism.

nudist beach nudist beaches n
plage naturiste
a beach where full nudity in public is permitted.

nudity /ˈnjudɪˌti/ /ˈnudɪti/ nudities n
nudité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being without clothing on the body; specifically, the quality of being without clothing on the genitals.

nudiustertian /n(j)ʊdi.əsˈtɜʃɪən/ adj
avant-hier
(rare, obsolete, modern uses probably, _, humorous) Of or relating to the day before yesterday; very recent.

nugatory /ˈn(j)uːɡətɔɹi/ more nugatory most nugatory adj
insignifiant
Trivial, trifling or of little importance.
inefficace non valable
Ineffective, invalid or futile.

nugget /ˈnʌɡət/ nuggets n
pépite
(countable) A small, compact chunk or clump.
bleu
(countable, slang) An inexperienced, newly trained fighter pilot.

nuisance /ˈnjuː.səns/ /ˈnuː.səns/ nuisances n
embêtement nuisance
A minor annoyance or inconvenience.

nuit blanche nuits blanches n
nuit blanche
An all-night celebration or festival.

nuke /n(j)uk/ /njuːk/ nukes n
arme atomique
A nuclear weapon.
A person (such as a sailor in a navy or a scientist) who works with nuclear weapons or nuclear power.
micro-onde
(rare) A microwave oven.

nuke /n(j)uk/ /njuːk/ v
anéantir atomiser
(transitive, chiefly, US, colloquial, figuratively) To destroy or erase completely.
micro-onder
(transitive, chiefly, US, colloquial) To cook in a microwave oven.

null and void adj
nul et non avenu
(idiomatic, legal) invalid, cancelled, unenforceable

null morpheme null morphemes n
morphème nul morphème zéro
(linguistics) A morpheme that has no phonetic form. It is represented as the empty set symbol ∅.

null result null results n
résultat nul
A result without the expected content; a result that does not support the hypothesis.

null set null sets n
ensemble négligeable
(mathematics, measure theory) A negligible set; set of zero measure.

nullification /ˌnʌlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ nullifications n
nullification
The nullification crisis in U.S. history, confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832.

nullify /ˈnʌlɪfaɪ/ v
annuler nullifier
(transitive, legal) To make legally invalid.
annuler
To prevent from happening.
To make of no use or value; to cancel out.

nullipara nulliparae nulliparas n
nullipare
A woman who has never carried a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks (one who has never given birth). It includes women who have experienced spontaneous miscarriages and induced abortions before the mid-point of pregnancy, but not women who have experienced pregnancy loss after 20 weeks.

numb /nʌm/ number numbest adj
engourdi gourd
Physically unable to feel, not having the power of sensation.

numb /nʌm/ v
anesthésier endormir engourdir
(transitive) To cause to become numb (physically or emotionally).

numbat numbats n
numbat myrmécopie à bandes
A small marsupial carnivore, Myrmecobius fasciatus, endemic to western Australia, that eats almost exclusively termites.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ numbers n
nombre numéro
(countable) An abstract entity used to describe quantity.
(grammar) Of a word or phrase, the state of being singular, dual or plural, shown by inflection.
nombre numéro chiffre
(countable, mathematics) An element of one of several sets: natural numbers, integers, rational numbers, real numbers, complex numbers, and sometimes extensions such as hypercomplex numbers, etc.
numéro nombre
(Followed by a numeral; used attributively) Indicating the position of something in a list or sequence. Abbreviations: No or No., no or no. (in each case, sometimes written with a superscript "o", like Nº or №). The symbol "#" is also used in this manner.
(countable, informal) A person.

number /ˈnʌmbə/ /ˈnʌmbɚ/ v
nombrer
(intransitive) To total or count; to amount to.
(transitive, literary, or, archaic) To count; to determine the quantity of.
dénombrer
(transitive, passive) To limit to a certain number; to reckon (as by fate) to be few in number.
numéroter
(transitive) To label (items) with numbers; to assign numbers to (items).
compter
(intransitive, usually with among) To be classified or included (in a certain group or category of things).

number line number lines n
droite réelle
(mathematics) A line that graphically represents the real numbers as a series of points whose distance from an origin is proportional to their value

number one number ones n
numéro un
Someone who is top of a ranking, who is ranked first.
petite commission
(childish, euphemistic) Urine; urination.

number system number systems n
système de numération
(arithmetic) A set of numerals for representing numbers.

number theory n
théorie des nombres
(mathematics) The branch of pure mathematics concerned with the properties of integers.

number two number twos n
grosse commission

number-theoretical more number-theoretical most number-theoretical adj
arithmétique
(mathematics) Of or relating to number theory.

numbers station numbers stations n
station de nombres
A shortwave radio station characterized by unusual broadcasts, often of artificially generated voices reciting streams of numbers, words, etc., supposed to be coded messages.

numbness numbnesses n
engourdissement
Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation.

numerable more numerable most numerable adj
nombrable
Able to be counted; countable.

numeracy numeracies n
numératie
The quality of being numerate; numerical skill.

numeral /ˈnjuːməɹəl/ /ˈnjuːmɹəl/ /ˈnuməɹəl/ /ˈnumɹəl/ numerals n
chiffre
A symbol that is not a word and represents a number, such as the Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3 and the Roman numerals I, V, X, L.
chiffre numéral
(linguistics) A number word, a simple or compound word for a number often having particular grammatical attributes depending on the language.

numeration /ˌn(j)uː.mə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ [ˌnjuː.mə.ˈɹeɪ.ʃən] [ˌnu.mɚ.ˈeɪ.ʃən] numerations n
numération

numerator /ˈnuː.məɹ.ˌeɪ̯.təɹ/ numerators n
numérateur
(arithmetic) The number or expression written above the line in a fraction (such as 1 in ½).
An enumerator; someone who counts.

numeric keypad numeric keypads n
pavé numérique

numerical /n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kəl/ [n(j)uˈmɛɹ.ɪ.kl̩] [n(j)ʉˈmeɹ.ɪ.kl̩] more numerical most numerical adj
numérique
Of or pertaining to numbers.

numerical analysis n
analyse numérique
(mathematics) The study of algorithms to solve mathematical problems concerning continuous sets of values (such as the real numbers, complex numbers or vector spaces).

numerology /ˌnjuːməˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌnuməˈɹɑləd͡ʒi/ numerologies n
numérologie
The study of the purported mystical relationship between numbers (or the letters of words, represented by numbers) and the character or action of physical objects and living beings.

numeronym /ˈnjuːməɹəʊˌnɪm/ /ˈnuməɹəˌnɪm/ numeronyms n
numéronyme
A number-based word.

numerous /ˈnjuːməɹəs/ /ˈnjuːmɹəs/ /ˈnuməɹəs/ /ˈnumɹəs/ more numerous most numerous adj
nombreux
Indefinitely large numerically, many.

numinous /ˈn(j)umənəs/ /ˈnjuːmɪnəs/ more numinous most numinous adj
numineux
Of or relating to a numen (divinity); indicating the presence of a divinity. [from mid 17th c.]

numismatic adj
numismatique
Of or pertaining to currency, especially to coins.
Of or pertaining to numismatics.

numismatics /ˌnjuː.mɪzˈma.tɪks/ /ˌnuː.məzˈmæ.tɪks/ n
numismatique
The study of coins

numismatist /njuːˈmɪzmətɪst/ numismatists n
numismate
One who studies and/or collects coins and/or currencies.

nummular /ˈnʌmjʊlə/ /ˈnʌmjʊlɚ/ more nummular most nummular adj
nummulaire
(by extension) Flattened with a rounded form, as a disc; coin-shaped.
(pathology) Characterized by lesions (especially on the cornea or skin) which are round with well-defined borders.

numnah numnahs n
amortisseur
A pad, often of sheepskin, placed under a horse's saddle; a saddle blanket

nun /nuːn/ /nʊn/ nuns n
noun nun
The fourteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

nun /nʌn/ nuns n
nonne religieuse bonne sœur moniale nonnain
A member of a Christian religious community of women who live by certain vows and usually wear a habit, (Roman Catholicism, specifically) those living together in a cloister.

nunatak /ˈnuː.nə.tæk/ /ˈnʌn.ə.tæk/ nunataker nunataks n
nunatak
A mountain top or rocky element of a ridge that is surrounded by glacial ice but is not covered by ice; a peak protruding from the surface ice sheet. [from 1870s]

nunation /nʌˈneɪʃn̩/ /nʌˈneɪʃən/ nunations n
nunation tanwīn
The use of a suffix ("-n") in dual forms in Akkadian.

nunchaku /nən-/ /nʌnˈtʃækuː/ /nʌnˈtʃɑːkuː/ /nʌnˈt͡ʃɑku/ nunchakus n
nunchaku
(countable) A weapon originating from Okinawa, Japan, consisting of two sticks joined by a chain or cord. [from 20th c.]

nuncheon nuncheons n
goûter
(now, _, dialectal, archaic) A drink or light snack taken in the afternoon; a refreshment between meals.

nuncio /-siˌoʊ/ /ˈnʌnʃiˌoʊ/ nuncios n
nonce
(Roman Catholicism) The ecclesiastic title of a permanent diplomatic representative of the Roman Catholic Church to a sovereign state or international organization, who is accorded a rank equivalent to an accredited ambassador, and may also be given additional privileges including recognition as Dean in a country's diplomatic corps.

nunnery /ˈnʌn(ə)ɹi/ nunneries n
couvent
(chiefly, _, Christianity) The residence of a female religious community, a monastery for nuns.

nuptial /ˈnʌp.t͡ʃ(ʊ)əl/ /ˈnʌp.ʃəl/ more nuptial most nuptial adj
nuptial
Of or pertaining to wedding and marriage.

nuptials /ˈnʌp.t͡ʃ(ʊ)əlz/ /ˈnʌp.ʃəlz/ n
noces
A wedding ceremony. [from mid 16th c.]

nuraghe /nʊəˈɹɑːɡeɪ/ nuraghes nuraghi n
noraghe nuraghe
(archaeology) A dry-stone round megalithic tower found in Sardinia.

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ nurses n
infirmière infirmier
A person trained to provide care for the sick.
nourrice
A person (usually a woman) who takes care of other people’s young.

nurse /nɜːs/ /nɝs/ v
allaiter donner le sein
(transitive) To breastfeed: to feed (a baby) at the breast; to suckle.
soigner
(transitive) To care for (someone), especially in sickness; to tend to.
(transitive) To treat kindly and with extra care.

nurse shark nurse sharks n
requin nourrice
Any of various bottom-dwelling sharks of the family Ginglymostomatidae that have two fleshy barbels hanging from the lower jaw.

nursemaid nursemaids n
bonne d'enfants nounou nourrice
A woman or girl employed to care for children.

nursery /ˈnɜːsəɹi/ /ˈnɜːsɹi/ /ˈnɝsəɹi/ /ˈnɝsɹi/ nurseries n
crèche
A place where the pre-school children of working parents are supervised during the day; a crèche, a daycare centre.
crèche pouponnière
(countable) A place where nursing or the raising of children is carried on.
pépinière
(horticulture) A place where young shrubs, trees, vines, etc., are cultivated for transplanting, or (more generally) made available for public sale, a garden centre; also (obsolete) a plantation of young trees.

nursery nurse nursery nurses n
puériculteur puéricultrice

nursery rhyme nursery rhymes n
chanson enfantine comptine
A short poem or song for children, mostly anonymous or handed down by folklore

nursery school nursery schools n
école maternelle jardin d'enfants
(British) A school where pre-school children play and learn at the same time.

nurseryman /ˈnəːs(ə)ɹɪmən/ nurserymen n
pépiniériste
A person who rears and sells plants in a nursery.

nursing bra nursing bras n
soutien-gorge d'allaitement
A bra specifically designed for breastfeeding mothers, with cups which fold down, allowing easy access to the nipple when the infant is to be fed, usually constructed of fabric only.

nursing home nursing homes n
maison de repos
A place of residence for people who require constant nursing care and have significant deficiencies with activities of daily living, such as the elderly and younger adults with physical disabilities.

nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ nurtures n
éduquer élever
The act of nourishing or nursing; tender care

nurture /ˈnɜːɹ.t͡ʃəɹ/ v
nourrir
To nourish or nurse.
alimenter favoriser
(figuratively, by extension) To encourage, especially the growth or development of something.

nut /nʊt/ /nʌt/ [nɐt] nuts n
noix fruit à coque fruit sec
(food, broadly) Any of various hard-shelled seeds or hard, dry fruits from various families of plants.
écrou
(hardware) A piece of hardware, typically metal and typically hexagonal or square in shape, with a hole through it having internal screw threads, intended to be screwed onto a threaded bolt or other threaded shaft.
(climbing) A shaped piece of metal, threaded by a wire loop, which is jammed in a crack in the rockface and used to protect a climb. (Originally, machine nuts [sense #2] were used for this purpose.)
folle fou
(slang) A crazy person.
folle fou malade
(colloquial) An extreme enthusiast.
couille
(vulgar, slang, chiefly plural) A testicle.
sillet chou
(musical instruments, lutherie) On stringed instruments such as guitars and violins, the small piece at the peghead end of the fingerboard that holds the strings at the proper spacing and, in most cases, the proper height.

nut job nut jobs n
débile taré tarée
(colloquial, pejorative) Someone who is crazy (insane).

nutation nutations n
nutation
(astronomy) Any of several irregularities in the precession of the equinoxes caused by varying torque applied to the Earth by the Sun and the Moon.

nutcracker nutcrackers n
casse-noix casse-noisettes
An implement for cracking nuts.
cassenoix casse-noisettes
(ornithology) Either of two birds of the genus Nucifraga in the crow family.

nuthatch nuthatches n
sittelle
Any of various small passerine birds from the family Sittidae (and its single genus Sitta), found throughout the northern hemisphere and noted for their unusual proclivity for climbing down trees head first.

nutlet nutlets n
nucule
A small nut.

nutmeg /ˈnʌt.mɛɡ/ nutmegs n
muscadier
An evergreen tree (Myristica fragrans) cultivated in the East Indies for its spicy seeds.
noix de muscade noix muscade muscade
The aromatic seed of this tree, used as a spice.
petit pont
(football, hockey, basketball) The playing of the ball between the legs of an opponent.

nutmeg /ˈnʌt.mɛɡ/ v
muscader
(transitive) To flavour with nutmeg.
faire un petit pont
(sport, transitive) To play the ball between the legs of (an opponent).

nutrient /ˈnjuː.tɹi.ənt/ /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ more nutrient most nutrient adj
nutritif
Providing nourishment.

nutrient /ˈnjuː.tɹi.ənt/ /ˈnuː.tɹi.ənt/ nutrients n
nutriment
A source of nourishment, such as food, that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue.

nutrition /njuːˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ /nuˈtɹɪ.ʃən/ nutritions n
nutrition
That which nourishes; nutriment.

nutritional more nutritional most nutritional adj
alimentaire
Of, pertaining to, or providing nutrition.

nutritionism n
nutritionnisme

nutritionist nutritionists n
nutritionniste

nutritious /njuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ /nuːˈtɹɪʃəs/ more nutritious most nutritious adj
nutritif nourrissant
(of food or drink) Providing nutrients; healthy to eat.

nuts /nʌts/ more nuts most nuts adj
cinglé dingue
(colloquial) Insane, mad.

nuts and bolts n
rudiments
(idiomatic) The basic inner workings of something; the fundamentals; that which makes something operate.

nutshell /ˈnʌt.ʃɛl/ nutshells n
coque coquille
The shell that surrounds the kernel of a nut.

nutty /ˈnʌti/ nuttier nuttiest adj
plein de noix
Containing nuts.
cinglé dingue fou
(slang) Barmy, crazy, mad.

nux vomica nuces vomicae n
vomiquier noix vomique
The strychnine tree, Strychnos nux-vomica, an evergreen tree found in southeastern Asia.

nuzzle /ˈnʌzl̩/ /ˈnʌzəl/ [ˈnʌzɫ̩] v
fourrer son nez
(ambitransitive) (of animals, lovers, etc) To touch someone or something with the nose.
(obsolete) To go along with the nose to the ground, like a pig.

nychthemeral /ˈnɪk.θɛm(ə)ɹəl/ adj
nycthéméral
Relating to or lasting a nychthemeron (a period of 24 hours).

nychthemeron /nɪkˈθi.mə.ɹɑn/ /nɪkˈθɛ.mɪ.ɹɒn/ /nɪkˈθɛm.ə.ɹɒn/ /nɪkˈθɛməɹɑn/ nychthemera nychthemerons n
nycthémère nyctémère
A period of one day and one night, a date: in the West, this is a period of 24 consecutive hours.

nyct- prefix
nycto-
Night or darkness.

nyctography n
nyctographie

nyctophobia n
nyctophobie
A fear of the night, nighttime, or darkness.

nylon /ˈnaɪlɑn/ /ˈnaɪlɒn/ nylons n
nylon
Originally, the DuPont company trade name for polyamide, a copolymer whose molecules consist of alternating diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers bonded together; now generically used for this type of polymer.
(in the plural) A stocking originally fabricated from nylon; also used generically for any long, sheer stocking worn on a woman's legs.
(perjoratively, by comparison to silk) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel who was appointed as a courtesy, rather than on merit.

nymph /ˈnɪmf/ nymphs nymphæ n
nymphe
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) Any female nature spirit associated with water, forests, grotto, wind, etc.
A young girl, especially one who is attractive, beautiful or graceful.
(entomology) The larva of certain insects.

nymphaeum nymphaea nymphaeums n
nymphée

nymphalid nymphalids n
nymphalidé
Any butterfly of the family Nymphalidae.

nymphet nymphets n
nymphette
A sexually attractive girl or young woman. [from 20th c.]

nymphomania /nɪmfəˈmeɪnɪə/ nymphomanias n
nymphomanie andromanie
Excess of sexual behaviour or desire in women.

nymphomaniac /ˈnɪmfoʊ ˈmeɪniæk/ more nymphomaniac most nymphomaniac adj
nymphomane
(of a woman) Having an excessive libido.

nymphomaniac /ˈnɪmfoʊ ˈmeɪniæk/ nymphomaniacs n
nymphomane
A woman with an excessive libido.

nystagmus /nɪˈstæɡməs/ nystagmuses n
nystagmus
(pathology) rapid involuntary eye movement, usually lateral

née /neɪ/ adj
née
Used when giving the maiden name of a woman.

négligée /ˈnɛɡlɪʒeɪ/ négligées n
nuisette négligé
(obsolete) A woman's lightweight gown of the eighteenth century. [18th–19th c.]
A woman's loose-fitting nightgown, especially when short, lacy and/or revealing; a nightie. [from 19th c.]

o /ˈoʊ/ /ˈəʊ/ oes n
o
The name of the Latin-script letter O.

o'clock /oʊˈklɑk/ /əʊˈklɒk/ /əˈklɑk/ /əˈklɒk/ adv
une heure
(modifying a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the time within a twelve-hour period (midnight to noon or noon to midnight), specifically the time when the hour hand of a clock points precisely to the symbol or marking corresponding to the designated numeral.
une heure à une heure
(with a numeral, one to twelve) In conjunction with a numeral, indicates the direction, relative to the speaker or a vehicle, especially an aircraft, corresponding to the direction the hour hand is pointing at the time corresponding to the numeral, with twelve representing directly ahead and three being to the right.

oaf /oʊf/ /əʊf/ oafs oaves n
dadais
(pejorative) A person, especially a large male, who is clumsy or a simpleton.

oak /oʊk/ /woʊk/ /əʊk/ adj
chêne chênes
made of oak wood or timber

oak /oʊk/ /woʊk/ /əʊk/ oaks n
chêne
(uncountable) The wood of the oak.
Any tree of other genera and species of trees resembling typical oaks of genus Quercus in some ways.

oak titmouse oak titmice oak titmouses n
mésange unicolore
Baeolophus inornatus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

oakum /ˈoʊk(ə)m/ /ˈəʊkəm/ oakums n
étoupe filasse
Fibres chiefly obtained by untwisting old rope, which are used to caulk or pack gaps between boards of wooden ships and joints in masonry and plumbing, and sometimes for dressing wounds.

oakwood oakwoods n
chênaie rouvraie
(countable) A wood populated with oak trees.

oar /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ oars n
rame aviron
A type of lever used to propel a boat, having a flat blade at one end and a handle at the other, and pivoted in a rowlock atop the gunwale, whereby a rower seated in the boat and pulling the handle can pass the blade through the water by repeated strokes against the water's resistance, thus moving the boat.

oarlock oarlocks n
dame de nage
(nautical) A usually U-shaped device attached to the gunwale of a rowboat to hold the oars in place while rowing.

oasis /oʊˈeɪsəs/ /oʊˈeɪsɪs/ /əʊˈeɪsəs/ /əʊˈeɪsɪs/ oases oasises n
oasis
A spring of fresh water, surrounded by a fertile region of vegetation, in a desert.
(figuratively) A quiet, peaceful place or situation separated from surrounding noise or bustle.

oat /oʊt/ /əʊt/ oats n
avoine
(uncountable) Widely cultivated cereal grass, typically Avena sativa.

oat milk oat milks n
lait d'avoine
A milky liquid made from oats and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

oath /ˈoʊθ/ /ˈəʊθ/ oaths n
serment juron
A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise.

oath /ˈoʊθ/ /ˈəʊθ/ v
jurer
(archaic) To pledge.

oatmeal /ˈoʊtmil/ /ˈɒtmiːl/ /ˈəʊtmiːl/ oatmeals n
flocons d'avoine
Meal made from rolled or round oats.
flocons d'avoine gruau
A breakfast cereal made from rolled oats, cooked in milk and/or water.
grège
A light greyish brown colour, like that of oatmeal.

oats /ˈoʊts/ /ˈəʊts/ n
avoine flocon d'avoine
Seeds of an oat plant, especially prepared as food.

obcordate more obcordate most obcordate adj
obcordé
(botany, of a leaf) Of a reversed cordate shape; heart-shaped but attached to the stalk by the pointed end.

obdurate /-ət/ /ˈɑbd(j)əɹɪt/ /ˈɑbd(j)ʊɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdjʊɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdʒəɹɪt/ /ˈɒbdʒʊɹɪt/ more obdurate most obdurate adj
opiniâtre têtu
Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.
dur comme un roc
(obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.

obedience /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːdɪəns/ obediences n
obéissance
The quality of being obedient.

obedient /oʊˈbidiənt/ /əʊˈbiːdɪənt/ /əˈbidiənt/ /əˈbiːdɪənt/ more obedient most obedient adj
obéissant
Willing to comply with the commands, orders, or instructions of those in authority.

obelisk /ˈɑbəlɪsk/ /ˈɒbəlɪsk/ /ˈɔbəlɪsk/ obelisks n
obélisque
(architecture) A tall, square, tapered, stone monolith topped with a pyramidal point, frequently used as a monument. [from mid 16th c.]
obèle
A dagger symbol (†), which is used in printed matter as a reference mark to refer the reader to a footnote, marginal note, etc.; beside a person's name to indicate that the person is deceased; or beside a date to indicate that it is a person's death date.

obelus /ˈɑbələs/ /ˈɑbəˌlaɪ/ /ˈɒbləs/ /ˈɒbɪlaɪ/ /ˈɒbɪləs/ obeli obeluses n
obèle obélus
(historical) A symbol resembling a horizontal line (–), sometimes together with one or two dots (for example, ⨪ or ÷), which was used in ancient manuscripts and texts to mark a word or passage as doubtful or spurious, or redundant; an obelisk.

obese /oʊˈbis/ /əʊˈbiːs/ /əˈbiːs/ more obese most obese obeser obesest adj
obèse
Extremely overweight, especially: weighing more than 20% (for men) or 25% (for women) over their conventionally ideal weight determined by height and build; or, having a body mass index over 30 kg/m2.

obesity /oʊˈbisɪti/ /oʊˈbɛzɪti/ /ə(ʊ)ˈbiːsɪti/ [-ɾi] obesities n
obésité
(pathology) The state of being obese.

obesogenic /əʊbiːsəˈdʒɛnɪk/ more obesogenic most obesogenic adj
obésogène
Causing obesity. [from 20th c.]

obey /oʊˈbeɪ/ /əʊˈbeɪ/ /əˈbeɪ/ v
obéir obtempérer
(transitive) To do as ordered by (a person, institution etc), to act according to the bidding of.

obfuscate /ˈɑbfəskeɪt/ /ˈɑbfʌskeɪt/ /ˈɒbfəskeɪt/ /ˈɒbfʌskeɪt/ v
obscurcir
To make dark; to overshadow.
embrouiller
To deliberately make more confusing in order to conceal the truth.
obscurcir occulter
(computing) To alter code while preserving its behavior but concealing its structure and intent.

obfuscation /ˌɒb.fəˈskeɪ.ʃən/ obfuscations n
obfuscation
(computing, uncountable) The alteration of computer code to preserve its behavior while concealing its structure and intent.
obscurcissement
(uncountable) The act or process of obfuscating, or obscuring the perception of something; the concept of concealing the meaning of a communication by making it more confusing and harder to interpret.

obi /ˈoʊbi/ obi obis n
obi
A sash worn with a kimono.

obituary /oʊ-/ /əʊ-/ /əˈbɪtjʊ(ə)ɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃuˌɜɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃɹi/ /əˈbɪt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹi/ obituaries n
nécrologie nécro
A brief notice of a person's death, especially one published in a newspaper or other publication; also (obsolete) , the section of a newspaper where notices of deaths are published.
nécrologie
(by extension) A brief biography of a person (especially one who is well-known) who has recently died, usually describing their life and achievements, particularly in the form of an article in a news publication or an item in a news broadcast.

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ objects n
objet chose
A thing that has physical existence but is not alive.
A person or thing toward which an emotion is directed.
objet
(grammar) The noun phrase which is an internal complement of a verb phrase or a prepositional phrase. In a verb phrase with a transitive action verb, it is typically the receiver of the action.
(object-oriented programming) An instantiation of a class or structure.
(category theory) An instance of one of the two kinds of entities that form a category, the other kind being the arrows (also called morphisms).

object /əbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɑb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɒb.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
objecter opposer
(intransitive) To disagree with or oppose something or someone; (especially in a Court of Law) to raise an objection.

object language object languages n
langue-objet
(lexicography) the language of the headwords in a dictionary (in a French-to-English translation dictionary, French is the object language)

object permanence n
permanence de l'objet
(psychology) The understanding (typically developed during early infancy) that an object still exists even when it disappears from sight, or other senses.

object-oriented /ˈɒbdʒɛkt ɔɹɪəntɪd/ /ˈɒbdʒɪkt ɒɹɪəntɪd/ more object-oriented most object-oriented adj
orienté-objet
(programming) Using entities called objects that can process data and exchange messages with other objects.

object-oriented language object-oriented languages n
langage orienté objet langage orienté objets

object-oriented programming n
programmation orientée objet
(programming) A programming paradigm that uses hierarchies of "objects", instantiated from templates called "classes", to design applications and computer programs.

objectification /ɒbˌd͡ʒɛkt.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃʌn/ objectifications n
objectification

objection /əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ objections n
objection
The act of objecting.
A statement expressing opposition, or a reason or cause for expressing opposition (generally followed by the adposition to).
(legal) An official protest raised in a court of law during a legal trial over a violation of the rules of the court by the opposing party.

objectionable more objectionable most objectionable adj
répréhensible inacceptable
Arousing disapproval; worthy of objection; offensive.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ more objective most objective adj
objectif objective
Of or relating to a material object, actual existence or reality.
objectif
Not influenced by the emotions or prejudices.
Based on observed facts; without subjective assessment.

objective /ɒbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪv/ objectives n
but objectif
A goal that is striven for.
objectif
The lens or lenses of a camera, microscope, or other optical device closest to the object being examined.

objective case objective cases n
cas objet cas régime
(grammar) the form of a noun or pronoun used as the object of a verb or a preposition.

objectivism /əbˈd͡ʒɛk.tɪ.vɪ.zəm/ objectivisms n
objectivisme
(philosophy) Any of several doctrines that holds that all of reality is objective and exists outside of the mind.

objectivity /ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɒbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪti/ [ˌɑbd͡ʒɛkˈtɪvɪɾi] objectivities n
objectivité
The state of being objective, just, unbiased, and not influenced by emotions or personal prejudices.

objet d'art /ˌɒbʒeɪ ˈdɑː(ɹ)/ objets d'art n
objet d'art
A work of art with some artistic merit.

objurgation objurgations n
objurgation
(uncommon) A strong rebuke or scolding.

oblast /ˈɒbləst/ oblasti oblasts n
oblast
A region or province in Slavic or Slavic-influenced countries.

oblate /ɒˈbleɪt/ /ˈɑbleɪt/ /ˈɒbleɪt/ more oblate most oblate adj
aplati
Flattened or depressed at the poles.

oblation /oʊˈbleɪʃən/ /ɑːˈbleɪʃən/ /ɒˈbleɪʃən/ /əʊˈbleɪʃən/ oblations n
oblation
The offering of worship, thanks etc. to a deity.

obligation /ɑb.ləˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ obligations n
obligation
The act of binding oneself by a social, legal, or moral tie to someone.
A social, legal, or moral requirement, duty, contract, or promise that compels someone to follow or avoid a particular course of action.
A course of action imposed by society, law, or conscience by which someone is bound or restricted.
(legal) A legal agreement stipulating a specified action or forbearance by a party to the agreement; the document containing such agreement.
(countable) Reason for being obliged to, that is, grateful for, something.

obligatory /əˈblɪɡət(ə)ɹi/ /əˈblɪɡətɔɹi/ /ˈɑblɪɡətɔɹi/ more obligatory most obligatory adj
obligatoire
Imposing obligation, legally, morally, or otherwise; binding; mandatory.

oblige /ɒˈbliːd͡ʒ/ /əˈblaɪd͡ʒ/ /əˈbliːd͡ʒ/ v
obliger imposer
(transitive) To constrain someone by force or by social, moral or legal means.
obliger rendre service
(transitive, intransitive) To do (someone) a service or favour (hence, originally, creating an obligation).
être redevable à
(intransitive) To be indebted to someone.

obligee obligees n
créancier
(legal, finance) The party owed an obligation by another party, the obligor.

obliging /əˈblaɪd͡ʒɪŋ/ more obliging most obliging adj
serviable
Happy and ready to do favours for others.

obligor /ˈɒblɪɡɔː/ obligors n
débiteur
(legal, finance) The party bearing a legal obligation to another party (the obligee).

oblique case oblique cases n
cas oblique cas régime
(grammar) Any noun case except the nominative case (and sometimes the vocative case), where the noun is the object of a verb or the object of a preposition.

obliquity /oʊˈblɪkwɪɾi/ /əˈblɪkwɪti/ /əˈblɪkwɪɾi/ obliquities n
obliquité
The quality of being oblique in direction, deviating from the horizontal or vertical; or the angle created by such a deviation. [from 15th c.]

obliterate /oʊ-/ /əˈblɪtəɹeɪt/ /əˈblɪtəɹət/ /əˈblɪtəˌɹeɪt/ [-ɾə-] v
annihiler anéantir effacer pulvériser volatiliser écraser
To destroy (someone or something) completely, leaving no trace; to annihilate, to wipe out.

oblivion /əˈblɪviːən/ oblivions n
oubli néant
The state of being completely forgotten, of being reduced to a state of non-existence, extinction, or nothingness, including through war and destruction. (Figuratively) for an area like hell, a wasteland.

oblivious /əˈblɪviːəs/ more oblivious most oblivious adj
ignorant inconscient
(usually followed by to or of) Lacking awareness; unmindful; unaware, unconscious of.
oublieux distrait
Failing to remember; forgetful.

obliviously more obliviously most obliviously adv
oublieusement
in an oblivious manner

oblong /ˈɑbˌlɔŋ/ /ˈɒblɒŋ/ more oblong most oblong adj
oblong
Roughly rectangular or elliptical.
(bookmaking) Having the horizontal axis of a page longer than the vertical; In landscape orientation.

obloquy /ˈɒbləˌkwi/ /ˈɔːbləˌkwi/ obloquies n
opprobre
Abusive language.

obnoxious /ɒb-/ /əbˈnɑkʃəs/ /əbˈnɒkʃəs/ more obnoxious most obnoxious adj
odieux désagréable exécrable
Extremely offensive or unpleasant; very annoying, contemptible, or odious.

obnubilation /ɒbnjuːbɪˈleɪʃən/ [ɒbnjuːbɪˈleɪʃn̩] obnubilations n
obnubilation
(medicine, specifically) Obscuration or clouding of the mind or faculties. [1753]
(rare, literally) A veiling with or concealment in clouds. [1814]

oboe /ˈoʊboʊ/ oboes n
hautbois
A soprano and melody wind instrument in the modern orchestra and wind ensemble. It is a smaller instrument and generally made of grenadilla wood. It is a member of the double reed family.

oboe d'amore /ˌoʊboʊ dɑˈmɔɹeɪ/ /ˌəʊbəʊ daˈmɔːɹeɪ/ oboe d'amores oboes d'amore oboi d'amore n
hautbois d'amour
An instrument of the oboe family, pitched in A below middle C.

oboist oboists n
hautboïste
Someone who plays an oboe.

obol /ˈoʊ.bəl/ /ˈɑ.bəl/ /ˈɒ.bəl/ /ˈɒˌbɒl/ obols n
obole
(historical) A silver coin of Ancient Greece.

obolus oboli oboluses n
obole
A silver coin minted in Ancient Greece, valued at a sixth of a drachma.

obovate more obovate most obovate adj
obovale
(botany, mycology) Shaped like an egg, with the broad extremity located away from the base.

obscene /əbˈsin/ /əbˈsiːn/ more obscene most obscene obscener obscenest adj
obscène
Offensive to standards of decency or morality.
Disgusting or repulsive.

obscenity obscenities n
obscénité
(countable) Something that is obscene.

obscurantism obscurantisms n
obscurantisme
A state of opposition to human progress or enlightenment.
Deliberate obscurity or vagueness.

obscure /əbˈskjɔː(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjɝ/ /əbˈskjʊə(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjʊɹ/ more obscure most obscure obscurer obscurest adj
obscur
Dark, faint or indistinct.
sibyllin
Difficult to understand.

obscure /əbˈskjɔː(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjɝ/ /əbˈskjʊə(ɹ)/ /əbˈskjʊɹ/ v
obscurcir
(transitive) To render obscure; to darken; to make dim; to keep in the dark; to hide; to make less visible, intelligible, legible, glorious, beautiful, or illustrious.
(transitive) To hide, put out of sight etc.

obscurity /əbˈskjɔːɹɪti/ /əbˈskjɝɪti/ /əbˈskjʊəɹɪti/ /əbˈskjʊɹɪti/ obscurities n
obscurité
(literary) Darkness; the absence of light.

obsequies /ˈɔbsɪ.kwiːz/ n
obsèques
(pluralonly) Funeral rites.

obsequious /əbˈsiːkwi.əs/ more obsequious most obsequious adj
obséquieux soumis
Excessively eager and attentive to please or to obey instructions; fawning, subservient, servile.
obséquieux obéissant
(archaic) Obedient; compliant with someone else's orders or wishes.

obsequiousness n
obséquiosité
The quality of being obsequious; servile compliance.

observability observabilities n
observabilité
(uncountable) The state of being observable.

observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ /əbˈzɝ.və.bəl/ [əbˈzɜː.və.bɫ̩] [əbˈzɝ.və.bɫ̩] more observable most observable adj
observable
Able to be observed.
Deserving to be observed; worth regarding; remarkable.

observable /əbˈzɜː.və.bəl/ /əbˈzɝ.və.bəl/ [əbˈzɜː.və.bɫ̩] [əbˈzɝ.və.bɫ̩] observables n
observable
(physics) Any physical property that can be observed and measured directly and not derived from other properties

observable universe observable universes n
univers observable

observance /əbˈzɜːvəns/ /əbˈzɝvəns/ observances n
observance
The practice of complying with a law, custom, command or rule.
The custom of celebrating a holiday or similar occasion.

observation /-ˈveɪʃn̩/ /ˌɑbzɚˈveɪʃən/ /ˌɒbzəˈveɪʃ(ə)n/ observations n
observation
The act of observing, and the fact of being observed (see observance)
The act of noting and recording some event; or the record of such noting.
remarque observation
A remark or comment.

observation car observation cars n
wagon-salon
(rail) A railway passenger car made so as to facilitate seeing the scenery en route, sometimes with glass sides or with a kind of open balcony at the rear.

observation deck observation decks n
terrasse panoramique
An area of a tall building, often open to the sky, from which the public may look at the surrounding panorama.

observatory /əbˈzɜːvət(ə)ɹi/ /əbˈzɝvətɔɹi/ observatories n
observatoire
A place where stars, planets and other celestial bodies are observed, usually through a telescope; also place for observing meteorological or other natural phenomena.

observe /ɒbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɜːv/ /əbˈzɝv/ v
observer respecter garder remarquer
(transitive) To take note of and celebrate (a holiday or similar occurrence), to keep; to follow (a type of time or calendar reckoning).

observer /ɑb-/ /ɒb-/ /əbˈzɜːvə/ /əbˈzɝvɚ/ observers n
observateur
One who makes observations, monitors or takes notice

obsessed /əbˈsɛst/ more obsessed most obsessed adj
obsédé
Intensely preoccupied with or by a given topic or emotion; driven by a specified obsession.

obsession /əbˈsɛʃən/ obsessions n
fixation
idée fixe obsession
An idea that engenders a compulsive or irrational preoccupation, or the preoccupation thereby engendered.
obsession
An activity or entity that inspires a compulsive and potentially unhealthy fixation, or the fixation thereby inspired.

obsessive /əbˈsɛsɪv/ more obsessive most obsessive adj
obsessif
Having one thought or pursuing one activity to the absolute or nearly absolute exclusion of all others.

obsessive /əbˈsɛsɪv/ obsessives n
obsédé
A person who is obsessed, who has an obsession.

obsessive-compulsive disorder obsessive-compulsive disorders n
TOC trouble obsessionnel compulsif
(medicine, psychology) A mental and behavioral disorder, characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts and a compulsion to ease the resulting distress by repeating specific routines or rituals, regardless of their interference with other activities.

obsidian /əbˈsɪd.i.ən/ /ˌɒbˈsɪd.i.ən/ obsidians n
obsidienne
(mineral) A type of naturally occurring black glass produced by volcanoes.

obsidional /əbˈsɪdɪənəl/ adj
obsidional
Pertaining to a siege.

obsidional coin obsidional coins n
monnaie de siège monnaie obsidionale
A coin made in a besieged city, often impure or made from inferior materials.

obsolescence /ˌɑb.səˈlɛ.səns/ /ˌɒb.səˈlɛ.səns/ obsolescences n
obsolescence désuétude
(uncountable) The state of being obsolete—no longer in use; gone into disuse; disused or neglected.

obsolescent /ɑbsəˈlɛsənt/ /ɒbsəˈlɛsənt/ more obsolescent most obsolescent adj
obsolescent
In the process of becoming obsolete, but not obsolete yet.

obsolete /ɑbsəˈliːt/ /ˈɑbsəliːt/ /ˈɒbsəliːt/ more obsolete most obsolete adj
obsolète désuet
(of words, equipment, etc.) No longer in use; gone into disuse; disused or neglected (often in favour of something newer).

obsoleteness obsoletenesses n
désuétude
The quality or state of being obsolete or no longer in use.

obstacle /ˈɑbstəkəl/ /ˈɒbstəkəl/ obstacles n
obstacle
Something that impedes, stands in the way of, or holds up progress, either physically or figuratively

obstacle course obstacle courses n
course d'obstacles
A course with a series of physical challenges that one performs sequentially.
parcours du combattant
(figuratively) A painful and strenuous experience; hassle.

obstetric /əbˈstɛtɹɪk/ adj
obstétrique
Of or relating to obstetrics (the care of women during and after pregnancy).

obstetrician /ˌɑbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ /ˌɒbstəˈtɹɪʃən/ obstetricians n
obstétricien accoucheur accoucheuse gynécologue obstétricienne
(medicine) A physician who specializes in childbirth.

obstetrics /ɑbˈstɛ.trɪks/ /əbˈstɛ.trɪks/ n
obstétrique
(medicine) The care of women during and after pregnancy.

obstinacy /ˈɑbstɪnəsi/ /ˈɒbstɪnəsi/ obstinacies n
entêtement obstination
The state, or an act, of stubbornness or doggedness.

obstinate /ˈɑb.stə.nət/ /ˈɑb.stə.nɪt/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nət/ /ˈɒb.stɪ.nɪt/ more obstinate most obstinate adj
obstiné
Stubbornly adhering to an opinion, purpose, or course, usually with implied unreasonableness; persistent.

obstinately /ˈɑbstɪnətli/ /ˈɒbstɪnətli/ more obstinately most obstinately adv
obstinément
In an obstinate manner.

obstreperous /ɑːbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/ /ɒbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/ /əbˈstɹɛp.əɹ.əs/ /əbˈstɹɛpəɹəs/ more obstreperous most obstreperous adj
récalcitrant
Stubbornly defiant; disobedient; resistant to authority or control, whether in a noisy manner or not.

obstruct /əbˈstɹʌkt/ v
obstruer
To block or fill (a passage) with obstacles or an obstacle. See synonyms at block.
bloquer interférer retarder
To impede, retard, or interfere with; hinder.
obstruer éclipser
To get in the way of so as to hide from sight.

obstruction /əbˈstɹʌk.ʃən/ obstructions n
obstruction
Something which obstructs or impedes, either intentionally or unintentionally
The condition of having the natural powers obstructed in their usual course; the arrest of the vital functions; death.

obstructive /ɑbˈstɹʌk.tɪv/ /əbˈstɹʌk.tɪv/ more obstructive most obstructive adj
obstructif
Causing obstructions.

obtain /əbˈteɪn/ v
obtenir avoir avoir succès réussir s'établir se procurer

obtrude /ɒbˈtɹuːd/ /əbˈtɹuːd/ v
empiéter transparaître
(intransitive) To become apparent in an unwelcome way, to be forcibly imposed; to jut in, to intrude (on or into). [from 16th c.]

obtuse /-ˈtʃuːs/ /ɑb-/ /əbˈt(j)us/ /əbˈtjuːs/ more obtuse most obtuse obtuser obtusest adj
obtus
(geometry, specifically, of an, angle) Larger than one, and smaller than two right angles, or more than 90° and less than 180°.
(botany, zoology) Blunt, or rounded at the extremity.
obtus obtuse
Intellectually dull or dim-witted.
sourd
Of sound, etc.: deadened, muffled, muted.

obtuse angle obtuse angles n
angle obtus
(mathematics, geometry) An angle that is greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.

obtuse triangle obtuse triangles n
triangle obtusangle
(geometry) A triangle one of whose angles is obtuse.

obtuse-angled adj
obtusangle
(geometry) Of a triangle, having an obtuse angle.

obverse adj
avers face
Turned or facing toward the observer.

obverse obverses n
avers face
The heads side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that has the principal design.

obviate /ˈɒb.viˌeɪt/ /ˈɔb.viˌeɪt/ v
rendre superflu éviter
(transitive) To anticipate and prevent or bypass (something which would otherwise have been necessary or required).

obvious /ˈɑ.vi.əs/ /ˈɑb.vi.əs/ /ˈɒ.vɪəs/ /ˈɒb.vɪəs/ /ˈɒv.jəs/ more obvious most obvious adj
évident
Easily discovered, seen, or understood; self-explanatory.

obviously /ˈɑ(b).vi(.)əs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vi.əs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vjəs.li/ /ˈɒ(b).vɪəs.li/ /ˈɔ(b).vi.ɘs.li/ /ˈɔv.jɘs.li/ more obviously most obviously adv
évidemment clairement
In an obvious or clearly apparent manner.

obviousness /-nəs/ /-ɪəs-/ /ˈɑ(b)viəsnɪs/ /ˈɒ(b)viəsnɪs/ obviousnesses n
évidence
The characteristic of being obvious.

ocarina /oʊkəˈɹinə/ /ɑkəˈɹinə/ /ɒkəˈɹiːnə/ ocarinas n
ocarina
(musical instruments) A woodwind musical instrument that is closed at both sides to produce an enclosed space, and punctured with finger holes.

occasion /əˈkeɪʒən/ occasions n
occasion
A favorable opportunity; a convenient or timely chance. [from 14th c.]

occasional /əˈkeɪʒ(ə)nəl/ more occasional most occasional adj
occasionnel
Occurring or appearing irregularly from time to time, but not often.

occasional table occasional tables n
table [[d']]appoint
Any small table, such as an end table, having no particular function. It can typically be folded away.

occasionally /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ /əˈkeɪʒənli/ /əˈkeɪʒənəli/ more occasionally most occasionally adv
occasionnellement
From time to time; sometimes; at relatively infrequent intervals. [from 15th c.]

occident /ˈɒksɪdənt/ n
occident
The part of the horizon where the sun last appears in the evening; that part of the earth towards the sunset; the west.

occidental /ˌɒk.səˈdɛn.təl/ more occidental most occidental adj
occidental
Of, pertaining to, or situated in, the occident, or west; western. [from 16th c.]

occipital lobe /ˌɑkˈsɪpɪtəl ˌloʊb/ occipital lobes n
lobe occipital
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located at the back of the head.

occiput /ˈɑk.səp.ət/ /ˈɑk.səˌpʌt/ /ˈɒk.sɪ.pʌt/ occipita occiputs n
occiput

occluded front occluded fronts n
front occlus
(meteorology) A front that occurs when a cold front overtakes a warm front at the surface and a temperature contrast exists between the advancing and retreating cold air masses.

occult /əˈkʌlt/ /ˈɒk.ʌlt/ more occult most occult adj
occulte
Related to the occult; pertaining to mysticism, magic, or astrology.

occult /əˈkʌlt/ /ˈɒk.ʌlt/ n
occultisme occulte
(usually, _, with "the") Supernatural affairs.

occult /əˈkʌlt/ /ˈɒk.ʌlt/ v
occulter
(transitive, astronomy) To cover or hide from view.

occultation /ˌɑkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɒkəlˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ occultations n
occultation
(astronomy) An astronomical event that occurs when one celestial object is hidden by another celestial object that passes between it and the observer when the nearer object appears larger and completely hides the more distant object.

occultism occultisms n
occultisme
The study of the supernatural

occupancy occupancies n
occupation
The act of occupying, the state of being occupied or the state of being an occupant or tenant.

occupant /ˈɑk.jə.pənt/ /ˈɒk.jʊ.pənt/ occupants n
occupant
A person who occupies an office or a position.
passager occupant
A person sitting in a car or other vehicle.
habitant
The owner or tenant of a property.

occupation /ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɑkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjəˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌɒkjʊˈpeɪʃən/ occupations n
occupation
An activity or task with which one occupies oneself; usually specifically the productive activity, service, trade, or craft for which one is regularly paid; a job.
The act, process or state of possessing a place.
The control of a country or region by a hostile military and/or paramilitary force.

occupational disease occupational diseases n
maladie professionnelle
(pathology) Any ailment that occurs as a result of work or occupational activity.

occupational hazard occupational hazards n
aléas du métier risques du métier
(figuratively, by extension) An unpleasant, inconvenient, or unusual circumstance which occurs or is likely to occur during the course of one's employment.

occupational health and safety n
santé et sécurité au travail
Synonym of occupational safety and health

occupational safety and health n
santé et sécurité au travail
The activities and policies aimed at protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.

occupational therapy occupational therapies n
ergothérapie
The therapeutic practice of encouraging better quality of life through the pursuit of work or other occupations.

occupied /ˈɑkjəpaɪd/ more occupied most occupied adj
occupé
Reserved, engaged.
Busy, unavailable.
Subjugated, under the control of a foreign military presence.

occupied /ˈɑkjəpaɪd/ more occupied most occupied interjection
occupé
Used to communicate that a toilet is unavailable.

occupier occupiers n
occupant occupante
One who occupies, particularly with respect to a foreign government controlling the territory of another.

occupy /ˈɑkjəpaɪ/ /ˈɒkjʊpaɪ/ v
occuper
To fill or hold (an official position or role).
To possess or use the time or capacity of; to engage the service of.
To hold the attention of.
(military) To have, or to have taken, possession or control of (a territory).
To fill space.
(obsolete) To use; to expend; to make use of.
occuper habiter
To live or reside in.

occur /əˈkɜː/ /əˈkɝ/ v
produire avoir lieu
(intransitive) To happen or take place.
produire arriver présenter avoir lieu passer
(intransitive) To present or offer itself.
venir à l'idée
(impersonal) To come or be presented to the mind; to suggest itself.
retrouver produire
(intransitive, sciences) To be present or found.

occurrence /əˈkɐɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɜːɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɝ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkɵːɹ.ən(t)s/ /əˈkʌɹ.ən(t)s/ /ɜː/ occurrences n
occurrence
An actual instance when a situation occurs; an event or happening.

ocean /ˈoʊ.ʃən/ /ˈəʊ.ʃən/ oceans n
océan
(countable) One of the large bodies of water separating the continents.
(uncountable) Water belonging to an ocean.
(figuratively) An immense expanse; any vast space or quantity without apparent limits.

ocean current ocean currents n
courant marin

ocean sunfish ocean sunfish ocean sunfishes n
môle poisson-lune
A large, heavy species of bony fish, Mola mola, native to tropical and temperate waters around the world.

oceanic /ˌəʊsiˈænɪk/ /ˌəʊʃiˈænɪk/ more oceanic most oceanic adj
océanique
Of or relating to the ocean.
Living in, produced by, or frequenting the ocean.

oceanic whitetip shark oceanic whitetip sharks n
requin longimane
a large pelagic shark, taxonomic name Carcharhinus longimanus, characterized by the white tips on the fin, often prone to attack humans.

oceanographer /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfəɹ/ oceanographers n
océanographe
a person who studies oceanography, the science of oceans

oceanography /ˌoʊʃəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌəʊʃjəˈnɒɡɹəfi/ n
océanographie océanologie
The exploration and scientific study of the oceans and ocean floor.

oceanologist oceanologists n
océanologue
One who studies oceanology.

ocellated lizard ocellated lizards n
lézard ocellé
Timon lepidus (syn. Lacerta lepida), a large wall lizard.

ocellus /əʊˈsɛləs/ ocelli n
ocelle
A simple eye consisting of a single lens and a small number of sensory cells.
An eyelike marking in the form of a spot or ring of colour, as on the wing of a butterfly or the tail of a peacock.

ocelot /ˈɑsəlɑt/ /ˈɒsəlɒt/ ocelots n
ocelot
An American feline carnivore (Leopardus pardalis, syn. Felis pardalis) covered with blackish ocellated spots and blotches which are variously arranged.

ochlocracy /ɑkˈlɑ.kɹə.si/ /ɒkˈlɒk.ɹə.si/ /ɔkˈlɔ.kɹə.si/ ochlocracies n
ochlocratie
Mob rule; government by the masses; mobocracy. [from 1475–1485.]

ochlophilia n
ochlophilie
A love of crowds or crowded places

ochre /ˈoʊkɚ/ /ˈəʊkə/ adj
ocre
Having a yellow-orange colour.

ochre /ˈoʊkɚ/ /ˈəʊkə/ ochres n
ocre
A clay earth pigment containing silica, aluminum and ferric oxide
A somewhat dark yellowish orange colour

ocrea ocreae ocreas n
ocréa
(botany) A sheath around a plant stem forming from the stipule of a leaf and extending above the point of insertion of the leaf.

octadecagon octadecagons n
octadécagone
(geometry, rare) A polygon with 18 sides and 18 vertices.

octagon /ˈɑktəˌɡɑn/ /ˈɒktəɡ(ə)n/ octagons n
octogone
(geometry, also, attributively) A polygon with eight sides and eight angles.

octagonal /ɑkˈtæɡ.ə.n(ə)l/ adj
octogonal
(geometry) Shaped like an octagon, in having eight sides and eight angles.

octagram /ˈɒk.tə.ɡɹæm/ [ˈɑk.tə.ɡɹæm] [ˈɒk.tə.ɡɹæm] octagrams n
octagramme
An eight-sided star polygon.

octahedron octahedra octahedrons n
octaèdre
(geometry) a polyhedron with eight faces; the regular octahedron has regular triangles as faces and is one of the Platonic solids.

octalogy n
octalogie
(rare) A set of eight works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as eight individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.

octane /ˈɒk.teɪn/ octanes n
octane
(organic compound) Any of the eighteen isomeric aliphatic hydrocarbons (C8H18) found in petroleum, especially an iso-octane 2,2,4 trimethyl-pentane; they are used as fuels and solvents.

octane number octane numbers n
indice d'octane
A measure of the antiknock properties of an automobile fuel; isooctane having an octane number of 100, a fuel with the same antiknock properties as a mixture of 90% isooctane and 10% heptane having an octane number of 90.

octathlon /ɒkˈtæθlɒn/ octathla octathlons n
octathlon
(athletics) A sporting event consisting of eight different sports or contests.

octaviation octaviations n
octaviation

octillion /ɒkˈtɪl.iː.ən/ octillions numeral
octillion quadrilliard
(US, modern, _, British, _, &, _) A thousand trillion trillion, a billion billion billion: 1 followed by 27 zeros, 1027.

octodecillion /ˌɒktoʊdəˈsɪl.i.ən/ octodecillions n
nonilliard
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale, rare) 1057.
(dated British and Australian, long scale, rare) 10108.

octogenarian /ˌɑktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/ /ˌɒktəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/ adj
octogénaire
Of or related to eightysomethings.

octonion octonions n
octonion
(mathematics) An 8-dimensional nonassociative extension of a quaternion with a real part and 7 imaginary parts (each a real multiple of a distinct square root of −1).

octophobia n
octophobie

octopus /ˈɑktəpəs/ /ˈɑktəpʊs/ /ˈɒktəpəs/ /ˈɒktəpʊs/ octopi octopii octopodes octopuses octopusses n
pieuvre poulpe
(uncountable) The flesh of these marine molluscs eaten as food.

octovigintillion numeral
quattuordecilliard
(rare, US, modern, _, British, and, Australian) 1087.

octroy v
octroyer
To grant (a privilege etc, by a government etc).

octuple /ɒkˈtuː.pəl/ /ɒkˈtʌp.əl/ v
octupler
(transitive) To increase or multiply something by eight.

ocular /ˈɑ.kjə.lɚ/ /ˈɑ.kjʊ.lɚ/ /ˈɒk.jə.lə/ /ˈɒk.jʊ.lə/ more ocular most ocular adj
oculaire
Of, or relating to the eye, or the sense of sight

ocularist /ˈɒkjʊləɹɪst/ ocularists n
oculariste

oculogyria n
oculogyrie

oculolinctus n
oculolinctus
A paraphilia involving licking the eyeballs.

oculus /ˈɑk.jə.ləs/ /ˈɒk.jʊ.ləs/ oculi n
œil-de-bœuf
(architecture) A window or other opening that has an oval or circular shape (as of an eye).

odalisque /oʊdlˈisk/ /ˈoʊdlɪsk/ /ˈɒd(ə)lɪsk/ /ˈəʊd(ə)lɪsk/ odalisques n
odalisque
(historical) A female slave in a harem, especially one in the Ottoman seraglio.

odd /ɑd/ /ɒd/ odder oddest adj
bizarre étrange
Peculiar, singular and strange in looks or character; eccentric, bizarre.
impair
(maths, not comparable) Numerically indivisible by two.
à peu près
(not comparable, in combination with a number) About, approximately; somewhat more than (an approximated round number).

odd function odd functions n
fonction impaire
(mathematics) Any function whose value changes sign if the independent variable changes sign i.e. f(-x) = -f(x)

odd job v
petit boulot
Alternative form of odd-job

odd number odd numbers n
nombre impair

odd one out odd ones out n
intrus
(uncountable) A visual puzzle where the guesser has to choose which word/picture/symbol etc. does not fit with the others.

oddball /ˈɑːdˌbɔl/ oddballs n
excentrique olibrius
An eccentric or unusual person.

odderon odderons n
oddéron

oddity /ˈɒdɪti/ oddities n
bizarrerie excentricité
(uncountable) Strangeness.

oddly /ˈɑdli/ /ˈɒdli/ adv
étrangement
In a peculiar manner; strangely; unusually.

odds /ɑdz/ /ɒdz/ n
chances
the ratio of the probabilities of an event happening to that of it not happening

odds and ends n
bric-à-brac
(idiomatic) Miscellaneous things.

ode /od/ /oʊd/ /əʊd/ odes n
ode
A short poetical composition proper to be set to music or sung; a lyric poem; especially, now, a poem characterized by sustained noble sentiment and appropriate dignity of style.

odeon /ˈəʊdɪən/ odea odeons n
odéon
An ancient Greek or Roman building used for performances of music and poetry.

odious /ˈoʊ.di.əs/ /ˈəʊ.di.əs/ more odious most odious adj
odieux
Arousing or meriting strong dislike, aversion, or intense displeasure.

odometer /oʊˈdɑːmətɚ/ /əʊˈdɒmətə/ /əʊˈdɒmɪtə/ odometers n
odomètre
An instrument, usually embedded within the speedometer of a vehicle, that measures the distance the vehicle has traveled since production.

odonto- prefix
odonto-
tooth

odontoblast odontoblasts n
odontoblaste

odontological adj
odontologique
(rare) referring or pertaining to odontology; dental

odontoma odontomas odontomata n
odontome

odontophobia odontophobias n
odontophobie
An irrational fear of dentistry.

odontotheca odontothecas n
odontothèque

odor /ˈoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈəʊ.də/ odors n
odeur
Any smell, whether fragrant or offensive.

odorize v
odoriser
(transitive) To add an odorant to (especially a gas, so that leaks can be more easily detected).

odorless /əʊdələs/ adj
inodore
Having no odor.

odorous more odorous most odorous adj
odorant
Having a distinctive odor.

odour of sanctity n
en odeur de sainteté
(chiefly, Christianity, especially, Middle Ages) A sweet smell, usually likened to flowers, said to be emitted by the corpses, or even the living bodies, of saints.
(by extension, of people) A state of or reputation for holiness.

odynophagia odynophagias n
odynophagie
(medicine) Severe pain in the mouth or esophagus when attempting to swallow.

odyssey /ˈɑ.də.si/ /ˈɑ.dɪ.si/ /ˈɒd.ə.si/ /ˈɒd.ɪ.si/ /ˈɔd.ɪ.si/ odysseys n
odyssée
An extended adventurous voyage.

oeillade /əːˈjɑːd/ oeillades n
œillade
(literary) A glance, especially an amorous one; an ogle

oeno- prefix
œno-
wine (the alcoholic beverage)

oenochoe /iːˈnɑ.kə.wi/ /iːˈnɑ.kəʊ.i/ /iːˈnɒ.kəʊ.i/ /ˈiːnəˌkoʊ.iː/ /ˈiːnəˌkəʊ.iː/ /ˈɛnəˌkoʊ.iː/ /ˌinoʊˈkoʊi/ /ˌiːnəʊˈkəʊi/ oenochoae oenochoes n
œnochoé
(historical) A type of Ancient Greek pottery wine jug.

oenological more oenological most oenological adj
œnologique
Of or pertaining to oenology, the study of wine

oenologist oenologists n
œnologue
An expert in the science of oenology.

oenology /iˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /iˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
œnologie
The scientific study of wines and winemaking.

oenophile /ˈiː.nəʊˌfaɪl/ /ˈiː.nəˌfaɪl/ oenophiles n
œnophile vinophile
A person who has a fondness or appreciation for wine.

oenophilia n
œnophilie

oesophagectomy oesophagectomies n
œsophagectomie
(surgery) The surgical procedure for the removal of all, or part of the oesophagus.

oesophagus /iːˈsɒfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɑfəɡəs/ /ɪˈsɒfəɡəs/ oesophagi oesophaguses n
œsophage
(anatomy) The tube that carries food from the pharynx to the stomach.

oestrus /ˈiːstɹəs/ /ˈɛstɹəs/ oestri oestruses n
œstrus chaleur
(countable, and, uncountable, biology) A female animal's readiness to mate; heat, rut.

oeuvre /ˈuːvɹə/ /ˈəːvɹə/ /ˈɜːvɹə/ oeuvres n
œuvre
A work of art.
œuvres
(uncountable, collective) The complete body of an artist's work.

of /ɒv/ /ɔv/ /ə/ /əv/ /ʌv/ preposition
de
Introducing an epithet that indicates a birthplace, residence, dominion, or other place associated with the individual.
Indicating a (non-physical) source of action or emotion; introducing a cause, instigation; from, out of, as an expression of. [from 9th c.]
(following an adjective) Used to indicate the agent of something described by the adjective. [from 16th c.]
Used to link a given class of things with a specific example of that class. [from 12th c.]
Belonging to, existing in, or taking place in a given location, place or time. Compare "origin" senses, above. [from 9th c.]
Belonging to (someone or something) as something they possess or have as a characteristic; the "possessive genitive". (With abstract nouns, this intersects with the subjective genitive, above under "agency" senses.) [from 13th c.]
(archaic, or, literary) Links an adjective with a noun or noun phrase to form a quasi-adverbial qualifier; in respect to, as regards. [from 13th c.]
moins
Used to introduce the "subjective genitive"; following a noun to form the head of a postmodifying noun phrase (see also 'Possession' senses below). [from 13th c.]
de quant à
Links an intransitive verb, or a transitive verb and its subject (especially verbs to do with thinking, feeling, expressing etc.), with its subject-matter; concerning, with regard to. [from 10th c.]
(following an adjective) Introduces its subject matter. [from 15th c.]
Introducing subject matter.

of a lifetime
du siècle

of age
majeur
Old enough to be considered an adult (in law, or by society generally).

of all time
de tous les temps
Ever.

of choice
de choix
(idiomatic) preferred above others.

of color adj
de couleur racisé
(chiefly, US) Nonwhite; of a race other than white, for example black. [from 18th c.]

of course /əv ˈkoə(ɹ)s/ /əv ˈkɔː(ɹ)s/ adv
bien sûr naturellement bien entendu évidemment
Naturally, as would be expected; for obvious reasons, obviously. [from 19th c.]

of course /əv ˈkoə(ɹ)s/ /əv ˈkɔː(ɹ)s/ interjection
bien sûr
Indicates enthusiastic agreement.

of late
récemment
(idiomatic) In the recent past; recently; lately.

of note
de remarquable de spécial

of one mind
d'accord
(idiomatic, of two or more people) Having the same viewpoint, opinion, or attitude; in agreement.

of one's choice
de son choix
That one has chosen, or wishes to choose.

of one's own accord /əv ˌwʌnz oʊn əˈkɔɹd/ /əv ˌwʌnz əʊn əˈkɔːd/
de sa propre initiative de son propre chef
On one's (or its) own initiative; under one's (or its) own power, without being commanded or controlled.

of one's word
de parole
That keeps promises and tells the truth.

of someone's dreams
de ses rêves

of sorts
en quelque sorte
(idiomatic) Resembling; similar to; in a way; partially or not entirely.

of the century
du siècle
Used to indicate the most remarkable example of its kind in recent history.

of the same stripe
du même acabit du même tonneau

of two minds
indécis partagé
(idiomatic) Undecided or unsure; equivocating; conflicted in one's opinions.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ more off most off adj
éteint
fermé
Inoperative, disabled.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ adv
éteindre
Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.

off /ɑf/ /ɒf/ /ɔf/ /ɔːf/ preposition
hors-
Not positioned upon, or away from a position upon.

off one's dot
toqué
(idiomatic, British, colloquial, humorous) Mad; insane.

off the beaten track
hors des sentiers battus

off the books
hors des comptes
(colloquial, with regard to income) Undeclared for tax and social insurance etc.

off the mark
à côté de la plaque
(figuratively) Inaccurate; not correct or appropriate.

off the top of one's head
comme ça de tête à froid
(idiomatic) In an extemporaneous manner; without careful thought, preparation, or investigation.

off-piste adj
hors-piste
(of snow or ski-runs) Not specially prepared or designated for skiing, hence viewed as more exciting but also more dangerous.

off-putting more off-putting most off-putting adj
repoussant tue-l'amour
Disconcerting, annoying or repulsive; tending to put off.

off-road adj
tout-terrain
Designed for, used for, or taking place on a driving surface that is not traditionally paved, such as a beach or rugged terrain

off-roader off-roaders n
tout-terrain
(idiomatic) A vehicle that is designed to drive off the road.

off-season off-seasons n
morte-saison
The part of the year when business is most slack and there are fewest clients or visitors.

off-the-cuff adj
spontané improvisé
(idiomatic) Extemporaneous; without prior preparation; spontaneous; impromptu.

off-the-shelf adj
sur étagère
(idiomatic) As purchased or as commonly available, without modification or customization.

off-the-wall more off-the-wall most off-the-wall adj
à côté de la plaque
(idiomatic) Wildly unconventional; bizarre; absurd.

off-topic more off-topic most off-topic adj
hors sujet
Not related to the matter under discussion.

offal /ˈɑfl̩/ /ˈɒfl̩/ /ˈɔfl̩/ offals n
abats
The internal organs of an animal, used as food.

offbeat /ɒfˈbiːt/ /ˈɒfbiːt/ more offbeat most offbeat adj
décalé
Unusual; unconventional; not ordinary.

offend /əˈfɛnd/ v
insulter vexer
offenser déplaire
(transitive) To hurt the feelings of; to displease; to make angry; to insult.
blesser
(obsolete, transitive, archaic, biblical) To cause to stumble; to cause to sin or to fall.

offender offenders n
contrevenant
A person who commits an offense against the law, a lawbreaker.

offense /əˈfɛns/ /ˈɑf.ɛns/ /ˈɔf.ɛns/ offenses n
injure insulte offense
attaque offensive
(team, _, sports) A strategy and tactics employed when in position to score; contrasted with defense.
attaquants attaque
(team, _, sports) The portion of a team dedicated to scoring when in position to do so; contrasted with defense.

offensive /əˈfɛnsɪv/ /ˈɔˌfɛnsɪv/ more offensive most offensive adj
offensant
Causing offense; arousing a visceral reaction of disgust, anger, hatred, sadness, or indignation.
offensif
Relating to an offense or attack, as opposed to defensive.
(sports) Having to do with play directed at scoring.

offensive /əˈfɛnsɪv/ /ˈɔˌfɛnsɪv/ offensives n
offensive
(countable, military) An attack.
(uncountable) The posture of attacking or being able to attack.

offensive and defensive alliance offensive and defensive alliances n
alliance offensive et défensive
(This entry is a translation hub.)

offer /ˈɑfɚ/ /ˈɒfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔfɚ/ /ˈɔːfə(ɹ)/ offers n
offre proposition
A proposal that has been made.
offre
Something put forth, bid, proffered or tendered.
(legal) An invitation to enter into a binding contract communicated to another party which contains terms sufficiently definite to create an enforceable contract if the other party accepts the invitation.

offer /ˈɑfɚ/ /ˈɒfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɔfɚ/ /ˈɔːfə(ɹ)/ v
offrir
(intransitive) To propose or express one's willingness (to do something).
(transitive) To present in words; to proffer; to make a proposal of; to suggest.
(transitive) To place at someone’s disposal; to present (something) to be either accepted or turned down.
(transitive) To present (something) to God or gods as a gesture of worship, or for a sacrifice.

offer one's condolences v
présenter ses condoléances
(idiomatic) To offer sympathy to someone who has recently experienced the loss of a loved one.

offering /ˈɑfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɒfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈɔfəɹɪŋ/ offerings n
offrande
That which has been offered; a sacrifice.
An oblation or presentation made as a religious act.
offre
The act by which something is offered.

offhand /ˌɔfˈhænd/ more offhand most offhand adj
spontané sur-le-champ
Without planning or thinking ahead.
négligent
Careless; without sufficient thought or consideration.

offhand /ˌɔfˈhænd/ more offhand most offhand adv
spontanément
Right away, immediately, without thinking about it.

office /ˈɑfɪs/ /ˈɒfɪs/ /ˈɔfɪs/ offices n
office
(religion) A ceremonial duty or service, particularly:
bureau
Official position, particularly high employment within government; tenure in such a position.
bureau office
A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work, particularly:

office building office buildings n
immeuble de bureaux
A commercial building containing spaces for offices.

office chair office chairs n
chaise de bureau
A chair that is designed for use at a desk in an office. It is generally comfortable and adjustable and can swivel 360 degrees and has wheels.

office hours n
heures ouvrables
The times, typically from about 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday, when non-24/7 office workers are at their desks.
permanence
A pre-arranged time when a person whose occupation frequently takes them away from their office during working hours is available in their office to answer questions or provide assistance without the requirement for an appointment.

office party office parties n
fête du personnel

office worker office workers n
employé de bureau
Someone who works in an office.

officer /ˈɑfəsɚ/ /ˈɑfɪsɚ/ /ˈɒfsə/ /ˈɒfəsə/ /ˈɒfɪsə/ /ˈɔfəsɚ/ /ˈɔfɪsɚ/ officers n
officier fonctionnaire
One who has a position of authority in a hierarchical organization, especially in military, police or government organizations.
officier officière
A respectful term of address for an officer, especially a police officer.
fonctionnaire
One who holds a public office.

official /əˈfɪʃəl/ more official most official adj
officiel
Of or pertaining to an office or public trust.
Approved by authority; authorized.
Relating to an office; especially, to a subordinate executive officer or attendant.

official /əˈfɪʃəl/ officials n
fonctionnaire cadre
An office holder, a person holding an official position in government, sports, or other organization.

official gazette /əˈfɪʃəl ɡəˈzɛt/ official gazettes n
journal officiel
A periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices.

official language official languages n
langue officielle
A language afforded an elevated status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction, typically for government use.

officialdom /ə.ˈfɪ.ʃəl.dəm/ officialdoms n
fonctionnariat
The people elected to government or employed in the civil service.

officially /əˈfɪʃəli/ more officially most officially adv
officiellement
In an official manner; according to official rules or regulations.

offline /ɑfˈlaɪn/ /ɒfˈlaɪn/ /ɔfˈlaɪn/ adj
hors ligne offline
Of a system, currently not connected (generally electrically) to a larger network. For example, a power plant which is not connected to the grid, or a computer which is not connected to the Internet or to any other communications service.

offscreen adj
hors-champ
Existing or happening outside the frame of the cinema or television screen

offset /ɑfˈsɛt/ /ɒfˈsɛt/ /ɔfˈsɛt/ /ˈɑf.sɛt/ /ˈɒf.sɛt/ /ˈɔf.sɛt/ offsets n
compensation
Anything that acts as counterbalance; a compensating equivalent.
compensation compensation industrielle offset
(international trade) A form of countertrade arrangement, in which the seller agrees to purchase within a set time frame products of a certain value from the buying country. This kind of agreement may be used in large international public sector contracts such as arms sales.
début
(c. 1555) A time at which something begins; outset.
offset
(programming) The difference between a target memory address and a base address.
décalage
The distance by which one thing is out of alignment with another.

offset /ɑfˈsɛt/ /ɒfˈsɛt/ /ɔfˈsɛt/ /ˈɑf.sɛt/ /ˈɒf.sɛt/ /ˈɔf.sɛt/ v
contrebalancer compenser
(transitive) To counteract or compensate for, by applying a change in the opposite direction.

offset printing n
impression en offset offset
Printing by the offset process, in which ink is carried from a metal plate to a rubber blanket (“offset cylinder”) and from there to the printing surface.

offshoot offshoots n
rejeton
Something which shoots off or separates from a main stem or branch of a plant.
dérivé
Somethng which develops from something else.

offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/ adj
offshore au large
Located in the sea away from the coast.
offshore
Located in another country, especially one having beneficial tax laws or labor costs.

offshore /ɒfˈʃɔː(ɹ)/ v
délocaliser
To move industrial production from one region to another or from one country to another, usually seeking lower business costs, like labor.

offshoring offshorings n
délocalisation

offside /ɒfˈsaɪd/ more offside most offside adj
hors-jeu
(sports) In an illegal position ahead of the ball, puck, etc.

offside /ɒfˈsaɪd/ offsides n
hors-jeu
(sports) An offside play.

offside trap offside traps n
piège du hors-jeu
(football) A defensive play intended to catch the attacking team offside, generally in such a way that the defense line suddenly and simultaneously moves forward.

offspring /ˈɑfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɒfspɹɪŋ/ /ˈɔfspɹɪŋ/ offspring offsprings n
enfants postérité
progéniture descendance enfant enfants enfance
An animal or plant's progeny or young.

oft /ɑft/ /ɒft/ /ɔft/ ofter oftest adv
souvent
(chiefly, poetic, dialectal, and in combination) often; frequently; not rarely

often /ˈɑf(t)ən/ /ˈɒf(t)ən/ /ˈɔf(t)ən/ /ˈɔːf(t)ən/ more often most often oftener oftenest adv
souvent souventefois
Frequently; many times.

oftentimes /ˈɑf.tənˌtaɪmz/ /ˈɑf.ənˌtaɪmz/ /ˈɒf.tənˌtaɪmz/ /ˈɒf.ənˌtaɪmz/ /ˈɔf.tənˌtaɪmz/ /ˈɔf.ənˌtaɪmz/ adv
comme d'habitude
(chiefly, US, elsewhere, _, archaic) Frequently; often.

oganesson /oʊ.ɡəˈnɛsɒn/ n
oganesson
The chemical element (Symbol Og) with atomic number 118. It is the heaviest known element. Highly radioactive, it does not occur naturally. Originally expected to be a noble gas, it is now predicted to be a reactive metallic solid, and a semiconductor or a post-transition metal.

ogee /oʊˈd͡ʒiː/ /əʊˈd͡ʒiː/ /ˈoʊd͡ʒiː/ /ˈəʊd͡ʒiː/ ogees n
doucine
(architecture) A double curve in the shape of an elongated S; an object of that shape.
arc en accolade
(architecture) A pointed arch made from two ogees.

oghamic adj
oghamique
In, of, or pertaining to Ogham.

ogive /ˈoʊd͡ʒaɪv/ /ˈoʊɡaɪv/ /ˈəʊd͡ʒaɪv/ /ˈəʊɡaɪv/ ogives n
ogive
(statistics) The curve of a cumulative distribution function.
(architecture) A Gothic pointed arch, or a rib of a Gothic vault.
(weaponry, ballistics) The pointed, curved nose of a bullet, missile, or rocket.

ogle /ˈoʊɡl̩/ /ˈɑɡl̩/ /ˈɒɡl̩/ /ˈəʊɡl̩/ v
mater reluquer
(transitive, intransitive) To stare at (someone or something), especially impertinently, amorously, or covetously.

ogonek /ɒˈɡɒnɛk/ /ɔˈɡɔnɛk/ /ˈoʊɡənɛk/ /ˈəʊɡənɛk/ ogoneks n
ogonek
(orthography) A hook-shaped diacritical mark ⟨◌̨⟩ attached underneath a vowel, typically to indicate nasalization, as in Ąą, Ęę, Įį, Ǫǫ or Ųų.

ogre /ˈoʊ.ɡɚ/ /ˈəʊ.ɡə/ ogres n
ogre
(mythology) A type of brutish giant from folk tales that eats human flesh.

ogress /-əs/ /-ɪs/ /ˈoʊɡɹɛs/ /ˈəʊɡɹɛs/ ogresses n
ogresse
A female ogre.

oh /oʊ/ /əʊ/ interjection
oh ah
Expression of surprise.
ô
An invocation or address (similar to the vocative in languages with noun declension), often with a term of endearment.

oh dear interjection
ah là là aïe hélas
An expression of dismay, concern, worry or disapproval.

oh my God interjection
mon Dieu nom de Dieu nom de nom
(potentially, _, offensive) An expression of anger, frustration, excitement, shock, awe, dismay, etc.

oh no /(ˈ)əʊ ˈnəʊ/ interjection
oh non
An exclamation or expression of alarm, concern, or resentment about a problem or error.

oh well /ˈoʊ wɛl/ /ˈəʊ wɛl/ interjection
bah dommage pas grave tant pis
(idiomatic) An expression of mild disappointment or resignation; too bad, it's a pity.

ohm /oʊm/ /əʊm/ ohms n
ohm
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical resistance; the electrical resistance of a device across which a potential difference of one volt causes a current of one ampere. Symbol: Ω

ohmmeter ohmmeters n
ohmmètre
(physics) A portable device for measuring relatively small values of electrical resistance.

oidium oidia n
oïdium
The fungus Erysiphe necator (= Uncinula necator), which produces powdery mildew in grapes.

oil /ɔl/ /ɔɪ(ə)l/ [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ] oils n
huile
Liquid fat.
pétrole huile
Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
huile végétale
(attributive) Containing oil, conveying oil; intended for or capable of containing oil.

oil /ɔl/ /ɔɪ(ə)l/ [ɔɪ(ə)ɫ] v
huiler huile
(transitive) To lubricate with oil.

oil cake oil cakes n
tourteau
The solid residue remaining after any oilseed has been pressed to remove the vegetable oil; it is used, with other ingredients, as animal food.

oil change oil changes n
vidange
(automotive) the process of draining old oil from an engine or gearbox and refilling with fresh oil, often done at recommended intervals.

oil company oil companies n
compagnie pétrolière pétrolière
A company that is dedicated to trade or exploitation of petroleum/oil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oil lamp oil lamps n
lampe à huile
A simple vessel used to produce light continuously for a period of time from a liquid fuel source.

oil of lemon eucalyptus n
huile d'eucalyptus citronné huile essentielle d'eucalyptus citronné

oil of wintergreen n
huile essentielle de gaulthérie
The aromatic oil obtained from the berries of the wintergreen plant; mostly methyl salicylate; used medicinally and in perfumes

oil painting oil paintings n
peinture à l'huile
A painting done with oil paints.
(uncountable) The art of painting with oil paints.

oil palm oil palms n
palmier à huile
Elaeis guineensis, the principal source of palm oil and palm kernel oil.

oil pipeline n
oléoduc
A pipeline that carries (crude) oil. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oil refining n
raffinage du pétrole
The industrial process of converting crude oil into petroleum and other useful products

oil rig oil rigs n
foreuse
A rig, consisting of platform and machinery, used to drill for oil and other petroleum products like natural gas.

oil slick oil slicks n
marée noire
A thin film of oil floating on the surface of water, especially one that has leaked or been discharged from a ship etc

oil spill oil spills n
marée noire
an escape or (accidental) discharge of oil, usually into the sea.

oil tanker oil tankers n
pétrolier
(watercraft) A ship that transports oil (petroleum).

oil terminal oil terminals n
terminal pétrolier
An industrial facility for the storage of oil, petroleum and petrochemical products

oil well oil wells n
puits de pétrole forage pétrolier
A hole drilled into the earth from which petroleum is pumped.

oilbird oilbirds n
guacharo des cavernes
Steatornis caripensis, a nocturnal South American bird related to the nightjars that feeds on the fruit of the oil palm and tropical laurels.

oilcan oilcans n
burette burette d'huile
A container with a long spout, for holding oil and delivering it in drops or small quantities for lubrication.

oilcloth oilcloths n
toile cirée
A fabric or cloth treated on one side with a waterproof covering, especially one made from linseed oil etc.; used for flooring, tablecloths, kitchen shelves and sometimes furniture covering.

oilskin /ˈɔɪl.skɪn/ oilskins n
ciré
A raincoat made from cotton fabric treated with oil and pigment to make it waterproof.

oily /ˈɔɪli/ oilier oiliest adj
huileux
Relating to or resembling oil.
Covered with or containing oil.
onctueux
(figuratively) Excessively friendly or polite but insincere.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ interjection
groin gruik
Representing the grunting sound made by a pig.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ oinks n
grognement
The sound made by a pig, or an imitation thereof.

oink /ɔɪŋk/ v
grogner
(intransitive) Of a pig or in imitation thereof, to make its characteristic sound.

ointment /ˈɔɪn(t)m(ə)nt/ /ˈɔɪntm(ə)nt/ [ˈɔ̃ɪ̃(n)ʔ.mɪ̃(n)ʔ] ointments n
pommade onguent
(medicine) A viscous preparation of oils and/or fats, usually containing medication, used as a treatment or as an emollient.

okada okadas n
okada

okapi /oʊˈkɑpi/ /ə(ʊ)ˈkɑːpi/ /əʊˈkɑːpi/ okapi okapis n
okapi
A large ruminant mammal, Okapia johnstoni, found in the rainforests of the Congo, related to the giraffe but with a much shorter neck, a reddish-brown coat, and zebra-like stripes on its hindquarters. [from early 20th c.]

okey-dokey interjection
dacodac
An exclamation of accordance; okay, OK.

okra /ˈoʊkɹə/ /ˈɒkɹə/ /ˈəʊkɹə/ okras n
gombo
The edible immature mucilaginous seed pod (properly, capsule) of the Abelmoschus esculentus.

okroshka /əˈkɹɔʃkə/ okroshkas n
okrochka
A cold raw vegetable soup, part of the national cuisines of Russia and Ukraine.

okrug okrugs n
okroug
An administrative division of some Slavic states.

old /aʉld/ /ˈoʊld/ /ˈəʊld/ [ɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɒʊ(ɫ)d] [ˈɔʊ(ɫ)d] elder eldest older oldermost oldest adj
vieux vieil
Of a living being, having lived for most of the expected years.
Of a perishable item, having existed for most of, or more than, its shelf life.
Having been used and thus no longer new or unused.
vieux vieille
Of an object, concept, relationship, etc., having existed for a relatively long period of time.
avoir vieux
Having existed or lived for the specified time.
ancien ex-
Former, previous.
ça commence à bien faire
Tiresome after prolonged repetition.

old age n
vieillesse troisième âge
The latter part of life, the part of life after one's prime.

old as the hills /ˌoʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ /ˌəʊld əz‿ðə ˈhɪlz/ adj
vieux comme le monde
(idiomatic, simile, chiefly, hyperbolic) Extremely old.

old bag old bags n
vieille chouette vieille peau

old chap old chaps n
mon grand mon vieux
(UK, dated) Affectionate term of address for a man.

old fart old farts n
débris fossile vieux con vieux croûton
(pejorative, idiomatic) An elderly person who holds old-fashioned views.

old girl old girls n
ma grande ma vieille
(UK) Affectionate term of address for a woman.

old gold old golds n
vieil or
a brownish gold colour

old guard old guards n
arrière-garde vieille garde
A (comparatively) conservative, reactionary faction that is more unwilling to accept new ideas than their peers are.
Collectively, the members of a team who have been a long time in a place.

old habits die hard proverb
chassez le naturel, il revient au galop les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure qui a bu boira
Established habits are difficult to change.

old maid old maids n
pouilleux vieux garçon
(uncountable) A card game in which cards must be paired and one undesirable card is designated "old maid".

old man old men n
vieux vieillard vieil homme vieux monsieur
(literally) An elderly man.
vieux daron
(slang, military) A unit's commanding officer, or the commander of a naval vessel, irrespective of age.

old man's beard old man's beards old men's beards n
clématite des haies
Clematis vitalba, a climbing plant.
usnée
(uncountable) Usnea, a type of lichen.

old money n
vieille fortune vieux riche
(idiomatic, often, derogatory) Families that have been wealthy for generations or members of such families.

old school more old school most old school adj
vieille école vieux jeu à l’ancienne
(informal, idiomatic) Characteristic of a style, outlook, or method employed in a former era, remembered either as inferior to the current style, or alternately, remembered nostalgically as superior or preferable to the new style, the older denoting something that would be considered out of date or out of fashion to some, but as such, is considered by others as cool and hip.

old school n
ancienne école vieille école
(informal, idiomatic) A style, way of thinking, or method for accomplishing a task that was employed in a former era, remembered either for its inferiority to the current method, or for its time-honored superiority over the new way.

old sweat old sweats n
vieux troupier
(British, military slang, mostly, WWI) An experienced soldier.
vétéran
(British, military slang) A veteran soldier or war veteran.
vieux routier
(British, slang, figuratively) Someone experienced in his or her field.

old town old towns n
vieille ville
The historic district of a city or town.

old woman old women n
vieille vieille dame vieille femme
(literally) An elderly woman.

old-fashioned /oʊldˈfæʃənd/ /əʊldˈfæʃənd/ more old-fashioned most old-fashioned older-fashioned oldest-fashioned adj
démodé ringard vieilli à l'ancienne
Of a thing: outdated or no longer in vogue.
vieux jeu de la vieille école
Of a person: preferring the customs of earlier times.

old-growth forest old-growth forests n
forêt primaire
(forestry) A forest that has attained great age without significant disturbance.

old-time more old-time most old-time adj
vétuste
From or reminiscent of an earlier time or era; old-fashioned.

old-timer old-timers n
vétéran
One who has been around for a long time or has a great deal of experience; a veteran.

older brother older brothers n
frère aîné grand frère
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see older,‎ brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

older sister older sisters n
grande sœur sœur aînée
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see older,‎ sister. (This entry is a translation hub.)

oldest /ˈoʊldəst/ /ˈəʊldəst/ adj
aîné
greatest in age or seniority

oldness /əʊldnəs/ oldnesses n
vieillesse
the state of being old; age

oleaginous /ˌoʊ.liˈæd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəs/ /ˌəʊ.lɪˈæd͡ʒ.ɪ.nəs/ more oleaginous most oleaginous adj
oléagineux
Oily, greasy.
(of manner or speech) Falsely or affectedly earnest; persuasively suave.

oleander /ˈoʊliændɚ/ /ˌoʊliˈændɚ/ /ˌəʊliˈændə(ɹ)/ oleanders n
laurier-rose oléandre
Nerium oleander, a notoriously poisonous shrub in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae, but nonetheless widely grown as an ornamental, having leathery lance-shaped leaves and deep rose-colored or white flowers.

oleaster oleasters n
chalef
especially, a plant in the genus Elaeagnus,

oleate oleates n
oléate
(organic chemistry) any salt or ester of oleic acid

olecranon /oʊˈlɛkɹəˌnɑn/ /əˈlɛkɹənən/ olecrana olecranons n
olécrane
(anatomy) The bony process at the top of the ulna forming the point of the elbow.

olefiant adj
oléfiant
That produces oil

oleic more oleic most oleic adj
oléique
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to oleic acid or its derivatives

oleic acid n
acide oléique
(fatty acid) An unsaturated fatty acid, having 18 carbon atoms and one double bond, found in olive oil and very many other vegetable and animal oils and fats; it is used for making soap, cosmetics etc.

oleiferous more oleiferous most oleiferous adj
oléifère
That produces oil

olfaction olfactions n
odorat olfaction
The sense of smell; the detection of airborne molecules.

olfactory /oʊlˈfæk.təɹ.i/ /ɑlˈfæk.təɹ.i/ /ɒlˈfak.tə.ɹi/ /ɒlˈfak.tɹi/ adj
olfactif
(relational) Concerning the sense of smell.

olifant olifants n
olifant
(historical) An ancient hunting horn, made of ivory.

oligarch /ˈoʊləɡɑɹk/ /ˈɑləɡɑɹk/ oligarchs n
oligarque
A member of an oligarchy; someone who is part of a small group that runs a country.

oligarchic adj
oligarchique
Of or pertaining to oligarchy.

oligarchy /ˈoʊlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɑːlɪˌɡɑɹki/ /ˈɒlɪˌɡɑːki/ oligarchies n
oligarchie
A government run by only a few, often the wealthy.
Those who make up an oligarchic government.
A state ruled by such a government.

oligodendrocyte oligodendrocytes n
oligodendrocyte

oligolecithal adj
oligolécithe

oligolecty /ɒˌlɪɡə(ʊ)-/ /əˌlɪɡə-/ /ˌoʊ-/ /ˌɑləɡoʊˈlɛkti/ /ˌɒlɪɡə(ʊ)ˈlɛkti/ n
oligolectisme
(entomology) The preference of an insect pollinator (chiefly a bee) for pollinating only a few plant species.

oligonucleotide oligonucleotides n
oligonucléotide
a short sequence of nucleotides (RNA or DNA), typically with twenty or fewer base pairs

oligopeptide oligopeptides n
oligopeptide
(biochemistry) A peptide containing a relatively small number of amino acids

oligophrenia /ˌɒlɪɡoʊˈfɹiːnɪə/ /ˌɒlɪɡoʊˈfɹɛ.ni.ə/ /ˌɒlɪɡəˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ oligophrenias n
oligophrénie
(pathology) subnormal mental development

oligopolist oligopolists n
oligopoliste
A member of an oligopoly; one of a small number of sellers with undue influence over a market.

oligopoly /ɒlɪˈɡɒpli/ /ɒlɪˈɡɒpəli/ /ˌoʊ-/ /ˌɑləˈɡɑpəli/ oligopolies n
oligopole
(economics) An economic condition in which a small number of sellers exert control over the market of a commodity.

oligosaccharide oligosaccharides n
oligoholoside oligosaccharide oligoside
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide of low molecular weight, being a polymer of between three and eight monosaccharide units.

oligotherapy n
oligothérapie
(alternative medicine) The supposed therapeutic use of trace elements.

oligotrichous adj
oligotrique

olinguito /oʊlɪŋˈɡitoʊ/ /əʊlɪŋˈɡiːtəʊ/ olinguitos n
olinguito
Bassaricyon neblina, a raccoon-like procyonid native to the Andean forests of Colombia and Ecuador.

olive /ˈɑ.lɪv/ /ˈɒl.ɪv/ olives n
olive olivier
The small oval fruit of this tree, eaten ripe (usually black) or unripe (usually green).

olive branch /ˈɑlɪv bɹæntʃ/ /ˈɒlɪv bɹɑːntʃ/ olive branches n
branche d'olivier brin d'olivier rameau d'olivier
A branch of an olive tree offered as an emblem of peace.

olive oil olive oils n
huile d'olive
A vegetable oil, pressed from olives, and used in cooking and as a salad dressing; it is high in unsaturated fatty acids.

olive tree olive trees n
olivier
An evergreen tree, Olea europaea, that produces olives as fruit.

olive-backed pipit olive-backed pipits n
pipit à dos olive
Anthus hodgsoni, passerine bird of the pipit (Anthus) genus, which breeds across southern, north central and eastern Asia, as well as in the north-eastern European Russia

olive-backed sunbird olive-backed sunbirds n
souimanga à dos vert
Cinnyris jugularis, a bird of the sunbird family Nectariniidae

olivegrower olivegrowers n
oléiculteur
Someone who grows olives.

olivegrowing n
oléiculture
The growing of olives for commercial purposes.

olivine /ˈɑl.əˌvin/ /ˈɒl.ɪˌviːn/ olivines n
olivine
(mineral, geology) Any of a group of olive green magnesium-iron silicate minerals that crystallize in the orthorhombic system.

olm /ɒlm/ /əʊlm/ olms n
olm protée anguillard
Proteus anguinus, a cave-dwelling neotenous salamander with external gills, found along the coast from northeastern Italy to Montenegro.

olympicene /oʊˈlɪmpɪˌsin/ /əʊˈlɪmpɪˌsiːn/ n
olympicène

olé /oʊˈleɪ/ interjection
olé
An expression of excitement. Hooray!

om mani padme hum phraseologicalUnit
om mani padme hum
(Buddhism) A mantra associated with Avalokiteshvara, the bodhisattva of compassion, the primary mantra of Tibetan Buddhism.

om nom nom interjection
miam miam miam
(slang, or, childish) The sound made while relishing food.

omasum omasa omasums n
feuillet
(biology, food) The third compartment of the stomach of a ruminant; the lining of said compartment, regarded as a foodstuff.

ombre /ˈɒm.bə/ /ˈɒm.bɹeɪ/ n
hombre

ombrotrophic adj
ombrotrophe
Pertaining to ombrotrophy.

ombrotrophy n
ombrotrophie
(biology) The state or condition of receiving water and nutrients only from precipitation rather than streams or springs.

ombudsman /ɒmˈbʊdzmən/ /ˈɑmbədzmən/ /ˈɒmbədzmən/ ombudsmen n
médiateur ombudsman
An appointed official whose duty is to investigate complaints, generally on behalf of individuals such as consumers or taxpayers, against institutions such as companies and government departments.

ombudswoman ombudswomen n
protectrice du citoyen
A female ombudsman.

omega /oʊˈmɛɡə/ /ˈəʊmiːɡə/ /ˈəʊmɪɡə/ /ˌoʊˈmeɪɡə/ omegala omegas n
oméga
The twenty-fourth letter of the Classical and the Modern Greek alphabet, and the twenty-eighth letter of the Old and the Ancient Greek alphabet, i.e. the last letter of every Greek alphabet. Uppercase version: Ω; lowercase: ω.

omelette /ˈɑ.mə.lət/ /ˈɑm.lət/ /ˈɑm.lɪt/ /ˈɒm.lɪt/ /ˈɔm.lət/ omelettes n
omelette
A dish made with beaten eggs cooked in a frying pan without stirring, flipped over to cook on both sides, and sometimes filled or topped with other foodstuffs, for example cheese or chives.

omen /ˈoʊmən/ /ˈəʊmən/ omens n
présage
Something which portends or is perceived to portend either a good or evil event or circumstance in the future, or which causes a foreboding; a portent or augury.
A thing of prophetic significance.

omentum omenta omentums n
epiploon omentum
(anatomy) Either of two folds of the peritoneum that support the viscera.

omertà /oʊˈmɛəɹtə/ /ˌəʊmɛːˈtɑː/ omertàs n
omerta
(crime) A code of silence amongst members of a criminal organization (especially the Mafia) that forbids divulging insider secrets to law enforcement, often also followed outside of the organization in fear of retaliation; (by extension) any code of silence.

omicron /əʊˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /əʊˈmaɪkɹən/ /əˈmaɪkɹɒn/ /ˈoʊməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈoʊmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑməˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɑmɪˌkɹɑn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹɒn/ /ˈɒmɪkɹən/ /ˈəʊmɪkɹɒn/ n
omicron
(virology, pathology) Ellipsis of Omicron variant.

ominous /ˈɑmɪnəs/ /ˈɒmɪnəs/ more ominous most ominous adj
de mauvais augure menaçant omineux sinistre
Specifically, giving indication of a coming ill; being an evil omen

omissible adj
omissible
Able to be omitted.

omission /oʊˈmɪʃən/ /əˈmɪʃən/ omissions n
omission
(uncountable) The act of omitting.
(uncountable) The act of neglecting to perform an action one has an obligation to do.
Something not done or neglected.
(grammar) The shortening of a word or phrase, using an apostrophe ( ' ) to replace the missing letters, often used to approximate the sound of speech or a specific dialect.
omission oubli
(countable) An instance of those acts, or the thing left out thereby; something deleted or left out.

omit /oʊˈmɪt/ /əʊˈmɪt/ v
omettre
(transitive) To leave out or exclude.

ommatidium /ɑməˈtɪdɪəm/ /ɒməˈtɪdɪəm/ ommatidia n
ommatidie
(zoology) One of the conical substructures which make up the eyes of invertebrates with compound eyes.

omni- prefix
omni-
all

omnibenevolence n
omnibienveillance
The state or condition of being omnibenevolent

omnibenevolent adj
omnibienveillant omnibienveillante
All-loving, or infinitely good, usually in reference to a deity or supernatural being, for example, God.

omnibus /ˈɑmnɪbəs/ /ˈɒmnɪbəs/ omnibi omnibuses omnibusses n
omnibus bus
(dated) A bus (vehicle for transporting large numbers of people along roads).

omnidirectional /ɒmˈnɪdaɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/ /ɒmˈnɪdɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl/ adj
omnidirectionnel
In every direction, especially of a radio system capable of transmitting or receiving signals in all directions, or of a microphone capable of detecting sound from all directions.

omnilateral adj
omnilatéral
On all sides of an issue or object.

omnipotence /ɒmˈnɪpətəns/ omnipotences n
omnipotence
Unlimited power; commonly attributed to a deity or deities.

omnipotent /ɒmˈnɪpətənt/ more omnipotent most omnipotent adj
omnipotent tout-puissant
Having unlimited power, force or authority.

omnipresence omnipresences n
omniprésence ubiquité
The ability to be, or the characteristic of being, at all places at the same time (usually only attributed to God).

omnipresent [ˌɑmnɪˈpɹɛzn̩t] [ˌɒmnɪˈpɹɛzn̩t] [ˌɔmnɪˈpɹezn̩t] adj
omniprésent
Being everywhere simultaneously.

omniscience /ɑmˈnɪʃəns/ /ɒmˈnɪsiəns/ omnisciences n
omniscience
The capacity to know everything.

omniscient /ɑmˈnɪʃənt/ /ɒmˈnɪsɪənt/ adj
omniscient
Having total knowledge.

omniscient narrator omniscient narrators n
narrateur omniscient

omnitheism n
omnithéisme
(religion) The belief that all religions contain a core recognition of the same god or gods.

omniverse omniverses n
omnivers
(scifi) The entire set of co-existing universes, multiverses, etc.

omnivore /ˈɒmnɪvɔː(ɹ)/ omnivores n
omnivore
An animal which is able to consume both plants (like a herbivore) and meat (like a carnivore).

omnivorous /ɑmˈnɪ.vɝ.əs/ adj
omnivore
Having a diet which is neither exclusively carnivorous nor exclusively herbivorous.

omoplatoscopy n
omoplatoscopie
divination by use of a shoulder blade

omphalectomy omphalectomies n
omphalectomie

omphalocele /ɑmˈfæl.əˌsil/ /ˈɑm(p).fə.ləˌsil/ [ɑmˈɸæl.əˌsil] [ɑɱˈfæl.əˌsil] [ˈɑm(p).ɸə.ləˌsil] [ˈɑɱ(p̪).fə.ləˌsil] omphaloceles n
omphalocèle
A hernia of the navel.

omphaloscopy /ˌɒmfəˈlɒskəpi/ n
auto-omphaloscopie
Navel-gazing; introversion.

omphaloskepsis /ˌɒmfələˈskɛpsɪs/ n
nombrilisme
Contemplation of or meditation upon one's navel; navel-gazing.

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ adj
allumé
In the state of being active, functioning or operating.
parti
(informal) Destined, normally in the context of a challenge being accepted; involved, doomed.
(acting, drama, RPG) Acting in character.

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ adv
encore
Along, forwards (continuing an action).

on /ɑn/ /ɒn/ /ɔn/ /ɔʊn/ preposition
de
sur
Positioned at the upper surface of, touching from above.
sur au sujet de à propos de
Denoting performance or action by contact with the surface, upper part, or outside of anything; hence, by means of; with.
Dealing with the subject of; about; concerning.
sur au-dessus
Covering.
sur avec grâce à pour à propos de
To the account or detriment of; denoting imprecation or invocation, or coming to, falling, or resting upon.

on a case-by-case basis
au cas par cas

on a plate
sur un plateau sur un plateau d'argent
(colloquial) Within easy reach; easily achieved.

on a roll
sur un (bon) coup
(informal) Having a streak of good luck or good progress or success.

on a shoestring
avec des bouts de ficelle
(idiomatic) On a very tight budget; with few resources or little money.

on a whim
sur un coup de tête à l'emporte-pièce
(idiomatic) Without thinking seriously about the consequences.

on account of preposition
en raison de
(idiomatic) Because of, due to, owing to.

on air
à l'antenne
à l’antenne
Being, or so as to be, broadcast or transmitted by radio or television.

on all fours adv
à quatre pattes
(idiomatic) On one's hands and knees.

on an empty stomach
à jeun le ventre vide

on an equal footing
sur le même pied sur un pied d'égalité

on and off adv
par intermittence
(idiomatic) Intermittently.

on average
en moyenne
Expressed as a measure of central tendency (usually the arithmetic mean).

on behalf of
au nom de pour le compte de
Speaking or acting for.

on board adj
à bord
On or in a means of transportation.

on board interjection
à l'abordage

on call
de garde
Available to be summoned.

on cloud nine
être au septième ciel être aux anges être sur un petit nuage
(idiomatic) In a state of elation; very happy; blissful.

on credit
à crédit
With an understanding that the money lent will be paid back.

on deck
sur le pont
(nautical) On the deck of a ship, especially of a captain or officer; in charge.

on demand
sur commande
(idiomatic) When needed or required.

on duty
de service
Actively engaged in an assigned task, duty or occupation.

on earth
diable donc
Expletive used for emphasis after an interrogative word.

on equal terms
sur un pied d'égalité à armes égales
With the same set of advantages and disadvantages; on an equal footing, on a level playing field.

on everyone's lips
être sur toutes les lèvres

on fire
en feu
Being burned by fire.

on foot
à pied
On one's feet; walking, jogging or running but not in a vehicle or on the back of an animal. [from 10th c.]

on good terms
être en bons termes
(idiomatic) being friendly; having good relations.

on guard more on guard most on guard adj
en garde
Vigilant, alert.

on loan adv
d'emprunt en prêt à titre de prêt
Loaned or lent.

on offer
en solde
(British) For sale at a reduced price.
disponible
(UK) Available to take; at hand; being offered or to be offered.

on one's conscience
avoir sur la conscience

on one's deathbed
sur son lit de mort
(idiomatic) Close to death.

on one's guard
sur ses gardes
In a watchful state; alert; vigilant.

on one's high horse
sur ses grands chevaux
(idiomatic) Self-righteous; proceeding on the belief one is more correct or proper than others.

on one's knees adj
à genoux
(idiomatic) On the verge of collapse; at the mercy of someone.

on one's last legs
au bout du rouleau à bout de souffle
(idiomatic) About to die.

on one's own
par ses propres moyens par soi-même tout seul
(idiomatic) Alone; by oneself; without the companionship or assistance of others.

on one's way
décoller partir
Leaving; going about one's business.

on or about preposition
le ou vers le
(legal) approximately.

on pain of /ɑn ˈpeɪn əv/ /ɒn ˈpeɪn əv/
sous peine de
Used to warn of consequences if a specified act is done or not done: subject to the punishment of (some penalty); or (generally) subject to the circumstance of (some thing).

on paper
sur le papier
(figuratively) Based on debatable inference; in theory.

on principle
par principe pour le principe

on purpose
exprès à dessein
(idiomatic) By design, as opposed to by accident; intentionally; deliberately. [from 16th c.]

on sight
à vue
(by extension) Immediately something has come to one's attention.

on site
sur place
At the site of a job, or at the location of the customer of a product or service, as opposed to at the vendor's factory or office.

on strike adj
en grève
Withholding labour as a protest, in order to effect change in management or government.

on target
cadré
(sports, of a shot) Towards the goal.

on the alert
sur le qui-vive
Very attentive, or vigilant

on the back burner
au second plan en attente en pause en veilleuse
(idiomatic) Not immediate; inactive; receiving or requiring less than full or regular attention.

on the basis of preposition
sur base de sur la base de

on the bias
en biais
(textiles) Describing the method of cutting fabric diagonally across the grain (so as to make the clothing cling to the body)

on the brink of /ɒn ðə brɪŋk əv/ preposition
au bord de
Very near, imminently approaching; ready to, about to.

on the button
pile précises tapantes
(idiomatic) Exactly, precisely.

on the contrary
au contraire
(conjunctive) Opposite of what had earlier been expected or assumed.

on the dot
pile précises tapantes
(idiomatic) Exactly; precisely, especially of a time of day.

on the double
au pas de course
(idiomatic) Rapidly or immediately.

on the face of it
a priori en apparence
(idiomatic) Seemingly; to all appearances; as far as can be seen or determined without deeper investigation or analysis.

on the fly adv
à la volée
(baseball, of the ball) While in the air, without having touched the ground.
sur le fly à la volée
(idiomatic) Spontaneously or extemporaneously; done as one goes, or during another activity.

on the heels of preposition
aussitôt après juste après
(idiomatic) In close pursuit of; close behind.

on the hoof
manger sur le pouce sur le pouce
(of a human activity, such as eating) While standing, walking, or running; on foot.

on the house
aux frais de la maison
(of goods or services) free, complimentary.

on the line
en ligne
On a level with the eye of the observer, as of a picture hung in on a wall.
Currently calling on the telephone.
en jeu
(figurative) At risk, as in a contest or enterprise.

on the lookout
à l'affût
Constantly alert, intent on finding something or someone.

on the nail
rubis sur l'ongle

on the nose
exact pile poil précisé
Exact; precise; appropriate.

on the one hand
d'un côté
(sequence, idiomatic) From one point of view.

on the other hand
en revanche par contre cela dit d'un autre côté
(sequence, idiomatic) From another point of view.

on the right track
sur la bonne voie tenir le bon bout

on the rocks
avec des glaçons
Poured over ice, usually in reference to alcoholic drinks.

on the run
en cavale
(idiomatic) Fleeing.
en vadrouille
(idiomatic) Constantly traveling or moving from place to place.

on the safe side
au cas où par acquit de conscience par principe par précaution
Taking precautions.

on the same page
sur la même longueur d’onde

on the same wavelength
sur la même longueur d'onde
(idiomatic) In rapport or complete accord.

on the sly adv
en cachette en douce à la dérobée à la sauvette
(idiomatic) Slyly, in an inconspicuous manner, so as not to be seen; secretly; stealthily.

on the spot
sur-le-champ séance tenante
(idiomatic) At that very moment.
sur place
(idiomatic) In a particular place.

on the street
à la rue
(idiomatic) Without a home; without the means to afford good shelter.

on the tip of one's tongue
sur le bout de la langue
Known but not quite able to be recalled.

on the verge of
sur le point de
Almost at the beginning of.

on the wagon
au régime sec
(idiomatic) Abstaining from drinking any alcoholic drink, usually in the sense of having given it up (as opposed to never having partaken); teetotal.

on the warpath
en rogne furax furibond sur le pied de guerre
(idiomatic) Very angry or upset and eager for confrontation.

on the way
en route
(idiomatic) Coming; approaching.
en chemin chemin faisant en cours de route
While travelling.

on the whole
dans l'ensemble
(idiomatic) For the most part; apart from some insignificant details.

on the wrong track
faire fausse route

on time
à l'heure à temps
Punctually or according to the schedule.

on tiptoe
sur la pointe des pieds à pas feutrés
Moving carefully, quietly, warily or stealthily on the tips of one's toes.

on top of preposition
de plus en plus
Very close to, in any orientation or in time.
(idiomatic) In addition to something else.

on top of that
en plus en plus de ça en prime
Also, additionally, moreover.

on top of the world
aux anges
(idiomatic) Delighted; ecstatic; exceptionally pleased, happy, or satisfied.

on track
en bonne voie
(idiomatic) Proceeding as planned, as expected, or in a manner consistent with an established pattern.

on your head be it phraseologicalUnit
[[c']]est toi qui vois [[c']]est vous qui voyez à tes risques et périls à vos risques et périls

on your mark, get set, go phraseologicalUnit
à vos marques, prêts, partez
(sports) A three-command start when racing:

on your marks interjection
à vos marques
Interjection used to start a race, followed by "Get set, go!" or "Set, go!".

on-the-job adj
sur le tas

onager /-ɡə/ /ˈɑnəd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɒnəd͡ʒə/ /ˈɔː-/ onagers onagri n
hémione onagre
The Asiatic wild ass or hemione (Equus hemionus), an animal of the horse family native to Asia; specifically, the Persian onager, Persian wild ass, or Persian zebra (Equus hemionus onager).
onagre
(military, historical) A military engine acting like a sling which threw stones from a bag or wooden bucket powered by the torsion from a bundle of ropes or sinews operated by machinery; a torsion catapult.

onanism /ˈoʊnəˌnɪzəm/ /ˈəʊnəˌnɪzəm/ onanisms n
onanisme
Masturbation.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ adv
une fois jadis autrefois un temps
(temporal location) Formerly; during some period in the past.

once /wɒn(t)s/ /wʌn(t)s/ conjunction
dès que aussitôt que une fois que
As soon as; when; after.

once again adv
de nouveau à nouveau derechef encore encore une fois une fois encore
(idiomatic) Again, once more, one more time.

once and for all adv
pour de bon une fois pour toutes
(idiomatic) Conclusively, finally, permanently.

once bitten, twice shy proverb
chat échaudé craint l'eau froide
One is cautious if one has been hurt in the past.

once in a blue moon /wʌns ɪn ə bluː muːn/ adv
tous les trente-six du mois une fois toutes les lunes
(idiomatic) Very rarely; very infrequently.

once in a while adv
de temps en temps
(idiomatic) Occasionally; sometimes.

once or twice phraseologicalUnit
une fois ou deux
(idiomatic) A small, indefinite number of times.

once upon a time /ˈwʌns.əˈpɑn.əˈtaɪ̯m/ adv
il était une fois il y avait une fois
A long time ago; at some time in the past (a traditional beginning of children's stories, especially fairy tales).

once-in-a-lifetime adj
du siècle qui ne se présente [[qu']]une fois
Likely to happen only once in one's lifetime; extremely rare.

oncogene /ˈɒŋkə(ʊ)dʒiːn/ oncogenes n
oncogène
(oncology, genetics) Any gene that contributes to the conversion of a normal cell into a cancerous cell when mutated or expressed at high levels.

oncologic /ˌɒŋkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪk/ adj
oncologique
(oncology) Of or pertaining to oncology

oncologist /ɒnˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ oncologists n
oncologue
(oncology) A doctor or scientist who specializes in oncology.

oncology /ɒŋˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ oncologies n
oncologie
The branch of medicine concerned with tumors, including study of their development, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

ondol ondol ondols n
ondol
A Korean form of underfloor heating that uses direct heat transfer from wood smoke to the underside of a thick masonry floor.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] determiner
un une un certain
Being an unknown person with the specified name; see also "a certain".

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] ones n
un
The digit or figure 1.
(mathematics) The identity element with respect to multiplication in a ring.
billet d’un dollar
(US) A one-dollar bill.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] numeral
un une
The number represented by the Arabic numeral 1; the numerical value equal to that cardinal number.

one /oʊn/ /w/ /wan/ /wɒn/ /wʌn/ /ɔːn/ [wän] pronoun
l'un l'une un une
(impersonal pronoun, indefinite) One thing (among a group of others); one member of a group.
on
(indefinite personal pronoun) Any person (applying to people in general).

one after another adv
l'un après l'autre
(idiomatic) In single file.

one and a half numeral
un et demi une et demi
(This entry is a translation hub.)

one another pronoun
l'un l'autre les uns les autres
(reciprocal pronoun) Used of a reciprocal relationship among a group of two or more people or things; compare each other.

one at a time adv
un par un
During sequentially discrete instances.

one by one adv
un par un un à un
Individually in succession.

one could hear a pin drop phraseologicalUnit
entendre les mouches voler on entendait les mouches voler

one day adv
un jour
(set phrase) At some unspecified time in the future.
At some unspecified time in the past.

one fell swoop n
d'un seul coup d’un coup d’un seul
(idiomatic) One stroke; one action or event that achieves or accomplishes many results.

one for all, all for one /wʌn fəɹɔːl ɔːl fə wʌn/ phraseologicalUnit
un pour tous, tous pour un
Each individual should act for the benefit of the group, and the group should act for the benefit of each individual.

one for the road n
coup de l'étrier un dernier pour la route
A final drink before one leaves.

one hundred and one n
cent un
The figure 101.

one hundred and one numeral
cent un cent une
One hundred plus one.

one hundred million numeral
cent millions
The number 100,000,000.

one hundred one numeral
cent-et-un
The cardinal number one hundred plus one.

one hundred percent adj
100 % cent pour cent
Complete, entire, whole, perfect.
Completely sure.

one hundred percent adv
cent pour cent
Totally, completely.

one in a million n
perle rare

one man and his dog n
trois pelés et un tondu
Almost nobody; very few people.

one man's loss is another man's gain proverb
le malheur des uns fait le bonheur des autres
Some people's misfortune is other people's fortune.

one moment, please phraseologicalUnit
un instant, s'il vous plaît
Used to ask a person to wait a moment.

one o'clock n
une heure
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the second hour of the day; 1:00 a.m. (01:00).

one of a kind one of a kinds n
unique en son genre
A unique specimen.

one of these days adv
un de ces jours un de ces quatre
One day, some day (especially in warning of a negative consequence) .

one or two determiner
deux ou trois un ou deux
A small number of.

one swallow does not a summer make proverb
une hirondelle ne fait pas le printemps
One instance of an event (such as the arrival of a single bird) does not necessarily indicate a trend.

one thing led to another phraseologicalUnit
de fil en aiguille

one thousand and one n
mille et un
The figure 1,001.

one up v
surpasser
(idiomatic) To outdo, to perform something slightly better than a competitor's prior effort.

one way or another adv
d'une manière ou d'une autre
(informal) Somehow, but certainly.

one's /wʌnz/ determiner
sa ses son
Belonging to one.

one's bark is worse than one's bite phraseologicalUnit
chien qui aboie ne mord pas
(idiomatic) One acts in a threatening way but is relatively harmless.

one's days are numbered phraseologicalUnit
ses jours sont comptés
(idiomatic) Some period of time, such as a term of employment or a lifetime, is coming to an end.

one's lips are sealed phraseologicalUnit
motus et bouche cousue
(idiomatic) One will not tell anyone else; one is keeping a secret.

one's stomach thinks one's throat has been cut phraseologicalUnit
crier famine
Used as an indirect way to say that someone is hungry.

one-armed /ˌwʌnɑɹmd/ /ˌwʌnɑːmd/ adj
manchot
Having only one arm; especially having lost an arm.

one-armed bandit /ˌwʌnɑɹmd ˈbændɪt/ /ˌwʌnɑːmd ˈbændɪt/ one-armed bandits n
bandit manchot
(originally, US, gambling) A gaming machine having a long arm-like handle at one side that a player pulls down to make reels spin; the player wins money or tokens when certain combinations of symbols line up on these reels.

one-child policy one-child policies n
politique de l'enfant unique
(historical) A policy of population control in China, whereby a married couple is allowed only one child.

one-eyed adj
borgne
Having only a single eye, particularly when a greater number is normal.

one-handed adv
manchot
Using only one hand; one-handedly.

one-horse town one-horse towns n
bled paumé
(US, idiomatic) A very small town, especially one of a rural nature and/or offering very few or no attractions.

one-legged /ˈwʌnˌlɛɡəd/ adj
unijambiste
Having only one leg.

one-liner one-liners n
bon mot mot d'esprit trait
A short joke, especially one of a single sentence.

one-night stand one-night stands n
soirée unique
An occasion when a performer or team of them (especially in vaudeville) expects to perform at a theater for a single evening.
coup d'un soir aventure sans lendemain coucherie soirée unique
(idiomatic) A single sexual encounter between two individuals, where at least one of the partners has no immediate intention or expectation of establishing a longer-term sexual or romantic relationship. As the phrase implies, the relationship lasts for only one night.
(idiomatic) Either of the two partners involved in such a single sexual encounter.

one-off more one-off most one-off adj
inouï non récurrent ponctuel unique
Occurring once, independent of any pattern; one-time.

one-pot adj
monotope

one-shot adj
en un coup en une fois
Needing only a single attempt to become effective.
en un seul coup en une seule fois
Unique; occurring only once.

one-size-fits-all adj
taille unique
(of a garment) Designed to be worn with comfort by people with a wide range of sizes.

one-stop shop one-stop shops n
bonne porte guichet unique
(informal) The only place, institution, or technology that one needs.

one-to-one more one-to-one most one-to-one adj
biunivoque
Matching each member of one set with exactly one member of another set.

one-two one-twos n
une-deux
(soccer) A quick one-touch play between two players.

one-upmanship /(ˌ)wʌnˈʌpmənʃɪp/ /wənˈəpmənˌʃɪp/ one-upmanships n
course à l'échalote surenchère
The art or practice of successively outdoing a competitor.

one-way adj
à sens unique
Allowing movement in only one direction; unidirectional.
aller simple
Allowing travel in only one direction.

one-way mirror one-way mirrors n
glace sans tain miroir sans tain
A mirror reflecting images on one side and transparent on the other, often used by the police during interrogations.

one-way street one-way streets n
rue à sens unique
A road in which traffic is only allowed to proceed in one direction.

one-way ticket one-way tickets n
billet aller simple
(travel) A ticket granting permission to travel to a place but not return.

oneiric /oʊ.ˈnaɪ.ɹɪk/ /əʊ.ˈnaɪ.ɹɪk/ more oneiric most oneiric adj
onirique
Of or pertaining to dreams.

oneirism /ə(ʊ)ˈnʌɪɹɪzəm/ oneirisms n
onirisme
(rare) Dream-like experiences or qualities; dreaminess.
(psychiatry) A state of abnormal consciousness in which dream-like experiences and hallucinations happen while awake.

oneirologist oneirologists n
oneirologiste
An interpreter of dreams.

oneirology oneirologies n
onirologie
The study of dreams and their interpretation.

oneiromancy /-ɹə-/ /oʊˈnaɪɹoʊˌmæn(t)si/ /əʊˈnaɪɹəʊ-/ /əˈnaɪɹəˌmænsi/ oneiromancies n
oniromancie onéiromancie
(uncountable, divination) Divination by the interpretation of dreams.

oneironaut /oʊˈnaɪɹoʊnɔt/ /əʊˈnaɪɹənɔːt/ /əˈnaɪɹənɔːt/ oneironauts n
onironaute
A person who explores dream worlds, usually associated with lucid dreaming.

oneness onenesses n
unité
(uncountable) State of being one or undivided; unity.

onerous /ˈoʊnəɹəs/ /ˈɑnəɹəs/ /ˈɒnəɹəs/ /ˈəʊnəɹəs/ more onerous most onerous adj
pénible lourd onéreux
imposing or constituting a physical, mental, or figurative load which can be borne only with effort; burdensome.

oneself /wʌnˈsɛlf/ pronoun
soi-même
A person's self: general form of himself, herself, themself or yourself.

onesie /ˈwʌn.zi/ onesies n
body
(US) A one-piece garment for an infant or small child, generally worn over a diaper.
combinaison
One-piece adult loungewear jumpsuit.

ongoing adj
continuel continu permanent
Continuing, permanent, lasting.
en cours actuel
Presently or currently happening; being in progress.

oniomania /əʊnɪə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ n
oniomanie
(psychology) An abnormal impulse to buy things, or a condition characterised by such impulses.

onion /ˈɪn.jən/ /ˈɪŋ.ən/ /ˈʌn.jən/ /ˈʌŋ.jɪn/ onions n
oignon ognon
A monocotyledonous plant (Allium cepa), allied to garlic, used as vegetable and spice.
The bulb of such a plant.

onion dome onion domes n
clocher à bulbe
(architecture) An onion-shaped dome, characteristic of august buildings in Moghul and Russian architecture

onion ring onion rings n
rondelle rondelle d'oignon
A food composed of onions cut into rings, that are then battered and deep-fried.

onion seed onion seeds n
graine d'oignon
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A seed produced by an onion plant.

online /ɑnlaɪn/ /ɑnˈlaɪn/ /ɒnˈlaɪn/ /ɔnˈlaɪn/ /ˈɒnlaɪn/ /ˈɔnlaɪn/ more online most online adj
online
en ligne
Of a system: connected (generally electrically) to a larger network.
Of a computer: actively connected to the Internet or to some other communications service.
Available over, or delivered from, the Internet.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ adj
unique seul
Alone in a category.
unique
Without sibling; without a sibling of the same gender.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ adv
seulement uniquement ne...que
Without others or anything further; exclusively.
seulement que
No more than; just.

only /ˈoʊn.li/ /ˈəʊn.i/ /ˈəʊn.li/ conjunction
mais
(informal) Under the condition that; but.
mais sauf que
But; except.

only child only children n
enfant unique fils unique fille unique
A person who has no siblings.

only daughter only daughters n
fille unique
The sole female among siblings.

onocentaur /ɒnəˈsɛntɔː/ onocentaurs n
onocentaure
A centaur with the body of an ass, instead of a prototypical horse.

onomasiological more onomasiological most onomasiological adj
onomasiologique

onomasiology n
onomasiologie
(linguistics) A branch of lexicology concerned with the names of concepts.

onomastic /ˌɑː.noʊˈmæs.tɪk/ /ˌɑː.nəˈmæs.tɪk/ /ˌɒ.nəʊˈmæs.tɪk/ adj
onomastique
Of or relating to onomastics.

onomastician onomasticians n
onomasticien onomasticienne
A person who studies onomastics; one who studies or researches names.

onomastics /ˌɑː.noʊˈmæs.tɪks/ /ˌɑː.nəˈmæs.tɪks/ /ˌɒ.nəʊˈmæs.tɪks/ n
onomastique
The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of names and naming, especially the origins of names.

onomatopoeia /ˌɑnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑnəˈpiːə/ /ˌɑnəˌmɑtəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ /ˌɒnəˌmɛtəˈpæɪə/ onomatopoeiae onomatopoeias n
onomatopée
(uncountable) The property of a word that sounds like what it represents.
(countable) A word that sounds like what it represents, such as "gurgle", "stutter", or "hiss".

onomatopoeic /-ˈpæeək/ /ˌɒnəmætəˈpiːɪk/ /ˌɒnəmɛtəˈpiːək/ adj
onomatopéique
Of or relating to onomatopoeia.
Having the property of onomatopoeia.

onotherapy n
asinothérapie

onsen /ɒnˈsɛn/ /ˈɒnsɛn/ onsen onsens n
onsen
A Japanese-style resort hotel at a natural hot spring, offering on-site bathing.

onset /ˈɑnˌsɛt/ /ˈɒnˌsɛt/ /ˈɔnˌsɛt/ onsets n
assaut attaque
(archaic) An attack; an assault especially of an army.
apparition début
(medicine) The initial phase of a disease or condition, in which symptoms first become apparent.
attaque
(phonology) The initial portion of a syllable, preceding the syllable nucleus.
(acoustics) The beginning of a musical note or other sound, in which the amplitude rises from zero to an initial peak.
début déclenchement
A setting about; a beginning.

onshore v
relocaliser

onslaught /ˈɒnslɔːt/ onslaughts n
assaut offensive
A fierce attack.
assaut
(by extension) A large number of people or things resembling an attack.

ontic more ontic most ontic adj
ontique
Pertaining to being, as opposed to pertaining to a theory of it (which would be ontological).

onto /ˈɑn.tu/ /ˈɑn.tə/ /ˈɑn.tʊ/ /ˈɒn.tuː/ /ˈɒn.tə/ /ˈɒn.tʊ/ /ˈɔn.tu/ /ˈɔn.tə/ /ˈɔn.tʊ/ preposition
sur
Arriving upon or on top of (speaking of a physical or metaphorical movement).

onto- prefix
onto-

ontogenesis ontogeneses n
ontogenèse ontogénie
The generation and development of an individual organism from fertilization to adulthood.

ontogenetic adj
ontogénétique
of or relating to ontogenesis

ontogeneticist ontogeneticists n
ontogénéticien

ontological adj
ontologique
Of or pertaining to the nature of being or existence.

ontologically more ontologically most ontologically adv
ontologiquement
In an ontological manner.

ontologist ontologists n
ontologiste
(philosophy) A scholar or theorist of ontology, or an adherent of a particular ontological doctrine.

ontology /ɒnˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ ontologies n
ontologie
(uncountable, philosophy) The branch of metaphysics that addresses the nature or essential characteristics of being and of things that exist; the study of being qua being.
(countable, computer science, information science) A structure of concepts or entities within a domain, organized by relationships; a system model.

onus /ˈoʊnəs/ /ˈəʊnəs/ onera onuses n
responsabilité
A legal obligation.
charge de la preuve
(legal) Burden of proof, onus probandi.

onward /ˈɑnwɚd/ /ˈɒnwəd/ /ˈɔnwɚd/ adv
en avant
In a forward direction.

onycho- prefix
onycho-

onycholysis onycholyses n
onycholyse

onychomycosis /ˌɒnɪkəʊmaɪˈkəʊsɪs/ onychomycoses n
onychomycose
Fungal infection of the nail, especially the toenail.

onyx /ˈɒnɪks/ onyxes n
onyx
(mineral) A banded variety of chalcedony, a cryptocrystalline form of quartz.

oocyst /ˈəʊəsɪst/ oocysts n
oocyste
(biology) A thick-walled spore in the lifecycle of some parasitic protozoans that develops into sporozoite. [from 20th c.]

oocyte /ˈoʊ.oʊ.saɪt/ /ˈəʊəsʌɪt/ oocytes n
ovocyte
(cytology) A cell that develops into an egg or ovum; a female gametocyte.

oodles /ˈud(ə)lz/ /ˈuːdlz/ n
foultitude un tas (de)
(originally, US, informal) Chiefly followed by of: an unspecified large amount, number, or quantity; lots, tons.

oogamous adj
oogame
Of or relating to oogamy

oogamy /oʊˈɒɡəmi/ n
oogamie
(biology) A form of anisogamy (heterogamy) in which the female gamete (e.g. ovum) is significantly larger than the male gamete (sperm) and is non-motile.

oogenesis oogeneses n
ovogenèse

oolite /ˈəʊəlʌɪt/ oolites n
oolithe

oologic adj
oologique
Relating to oology

oology /oʊˈ(w)ɑləd͡ʒi/ /əʊˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
oologie ovologie
The hobby or practice of collecting birds' eggs, especially those of wild birds.

oolong tea oolong teas n
thé oolong
A type of tea with a taste in between green tea and black tea.

oophagous adj
oophage

oophorectomy /ˌəʊəfəˈɹɛktəmi/ oophorectomies n
oophorectomie ovariectomie
(medicine) Surgical removal of one or both ovaries.

oophoridium oophoridia n
oophoridie
(botany) The macrosporangium or case for the larger kind of spore in heterosporous flowerless plants.

oophoritis n
oophorite
(pathology) inflammation of the ovaries.

oops /uːps/ /ʊps/ interjection
oups houp!
(colloquial) Acknowledging a mistake.

oosphere /ˈəʊ.əs.fɪə(ɹ)/ oospheres n
oosphère
(botany) A large nonmotile egg cell formed in an oogonium and ready for fertilization

ootheca /əʊəˈθiːkə/ oothecae n
oothèque
An egg case of any of the orthopteroid insects (such as cockroaches and mantids).

ooze /uːz/ oozes n
liqueur de tannage
Tanning liquor, an aqueous extract of vegetable matter (tanbark, sumac, etc.) in a tanning vat used to tan leather.

ooze /uːz/ v
suinter sécréter
(intransitive, sometimes, figurative) To be secreted or slowly leak.

op-amp op-amps n
ampli op amplificateur opérationnel
(electronics) A certain active circuit element useful in creating various kinds of amplifiers and filters.

op-ed /ˈɒpˌɛd/ op-eds n
tribune libre
A newspaper page containing signed articles by commentators expressing viewpoints that may not agree with those espoused by the editorial board, traditionally printed opposite the editorial page.

opacification opacifications n
opacification
The action of making something opaque or cloudy.
The act of becoming opaque or cloudy.

opacity /oʊˈpæsɪtiː/ opacities n
opacité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being opaque, not allowing light to pass through
(uncountable) The state or quality of being inaccessible to understanding.

opal /ˈoʊpəl/ /ˈəʊpəl/ opals n
opale
(mineral) A mineral consisting, like quartz, of silica, but inferior to quartz in hardness and specific gravity, of the chemical formula SiO2·nH2O.

opalescent /oʊpəˈlɛsənt/ more opalescent most opalescent adj
opalescent
Exhibiting a milky iridescence like that of an opal.

opanak opanak opanci n
opanki
A kind of traditional leather shoe worn in Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Serbia.

opaque /oʊˈpeɪk/ /əʊˈpeɪk/ more opaque most opaque opaquer opaquest adj
opaque
Allowing little light to pass through, not translucent or transparent.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ more open most open adj
ouvert
(usually, not comparable) Not closed.
(not comparable) Actively conducting or prepared to conduct business.
(comparable) Receptive.
(not comparable) Public
(computing, not comparable, of a file, document, etc.) In current use; connected to as a resource.
Not settled or adjusted; not decided or determined; not closed or withdrawn from consideration.
(music, stringed instruments) Of a note, played without pressing the string against the fingerboard.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ opens n
faux contact plein air
(in the definite) Open or unobstructed space; an exposed location.
faux contact grand jour
(in the definite) Public knowledge or scrutiny; full view.
The act of something being opened, such as an e-mail message.
faux contact
(electronics) A defect in an electrical circuit preventing current from flowing.
faux contact omnium sportif
A sports event in which anybody can compete.

open /ˈoʊp(ə)n/ /ˈəʊp(ə)n/ v
entamer s'ouvrir
ouvrir
(transitive) To make something accessible or allow for passage by moving from a shut position.
(transitive) To make accessible to customers or clients.
(intransitive) To begin conducting business.
(computing, transitive, intransitive) To connect to a resource (a file, document, etc.) for viewing or editing.
(obsolete) To disclose; to reveal; to interpret; to explain.

open Pandora's box v
ouvrir la boîte de Pandore
(idiomatic) To perform an action that causes problems to appear which did not exist beforehand, or were not known about prior.

open air n
grand air
the outside

open bar open bars n
open bar
A bar at which drinks are served without charge, usually at a social event.

open book open books n
livre ouvert
(idiomatic) Something of which salient aspects are obvious or easily interpreted.
ravi de la crèche
(idiomatic) A person who through naivete responds candidly to questions or openly displays their emotions or intentions.

open city open cities n
ville ouverte
(military, international law) A city which has announced it has abandoned all defensive efforts, generally in the event of the imminent capture.

open cluster open clusters n
amas ouvert
(astronomy) a more or less irregular star cluster containing tens to thousands of stars

open day open days n
journée portes ouvertes
A casual event where an institution is open for visiting and inspection by anyone interested.

open fire v
ouvrir le feu
(idiomatic) To begin firing (weapons) at something or someone.

open fracture open fractures n
fracture ouverte

open house open houses n
journée portes ouvertes
An event during which a facility or institution is open to the public for inspection or tour.

open its doors v
ouvrir ses portes
(of a business or organization) To begin operating.

open letter open letters n
lettre ouverte
A letter addressed to one person, or more, but published (as for example in a newspaper) for the public to read.

open one's big mouth v
ouvrir sa grande gueule
(informal) To speak about things rashly or foolishly, when it would be better to stay silent.

open one's legs v
écarter les cuisses

open relationship open relationships n
relation libre
A romantic and/or sexual relationship in which the people involved are permitted or tolerated to be available to have additional simultaneous romantic and/or sexual relationships.

open sea open seas n
large haute mer
That part of the sea out of sight of land.

open secret open secrets n
secret de Polichinelle
Information that is widely known, but not acknowledged openly.
(dated) Information that is not widely known, despite being freely available.

open sesame open sesames n
sésame
Any successful means of achieving a result, especially means that are magical or technical, or otherwise beyond the understanding of most people.

open sesame phraseologicalUnit
Sésame, ouvre-toi
open up (especially referring to doors)

open set open sets n
ensemble ouvert ouvert
(topology) Informally, a set such that the target point of a movement by a small amount in any direction from any point in the set is still in the set; exemplified by a full circle without its boundary.

open source n
libre
(software) Open-source software in general.

open syllable open syllables n
syllabe ouverte
(linguistics) A syllable that has no coda after its nucleus, and which hence ends in a vowel.

open the ball v
ouvrir la danse ouvrir le bal
To begin operations; to set things in motion.

open up v
ouvrir s'ouvrir
(intransitive) To reveal oneself; to share personal information about oneself; to become communicative.
ouvrir le feu
(intransitive) To commence firing weapons.

open world /ˌoʊp(ə)n ˈwɜɹld/ /ˌəʊp(ə)n ˈwɜːld/ open worlds n
monde ouvert
(video games, also, attributive) A gameworld that the player may traverse freely, rather than being restricted to certain predefined areas and quests. [from early 21st c.]

open-air adj
de plein air découvert en plein air
Located or taking place outdoors; alfresco.

open-air museum open-air museums n
musée en plein air
A museum where the exhibitions are located outdoors.

open-ended adj
ouvert
Unrestricted by definite limits.
Permitting a spontaneous or unstructured response.

open-ended contract open-ended contracts n
CDI contrat à durée indéterminée

open-heart surgery open-heart surgeries n
opération à cœur ouvert

open-mid adj
mi-ouvert
(phonetics, of a vowel) pronounced with the tongue in a position approximately one-third of the way between an open and a close vowel

open-minded more open-minded most open-minded adj
ouvert d'esprit
Willing to consider new and different concepts, ideas, or opinions.

open-mindedness open-mindednesses n
ouverture d'esprit
The characteristic of being open-minded.

open-mouthed more open-mouthed most open-mouthed adj
bouche bée
Gaping in surprise, wonder or astonishment.

open-plan more open-plan most open-plan adj
bureau paysager open space
(architecture) Having large rooms with few dividing barriers such as partitions.

open-plan kitchen open-plan kitchens n
cuisine américaine cuisine ouverte
A kitchen without walls separating it from the rest of house. Typically, this includes the dining room and living room, and is often collectively called the great room.

openable more openable most openable adj
ouvrable
Capable of being opened.

opencast adj
à ciel ouvert
(chiefly, British) Of or pertaining to strip mining, in which material is removed from a surface that has been exposed

opening /ˈoʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʉp.nɪŋ/ /ˈəʊ.pə.nɪŋ/ openings n
ouverture
An act or instance of making or becoming open.
The first few moves in a game.
ouverture trou
A gap permitting passage through.
première
The first performance of a show or play by a particular troupe.

opening argument opening arguments n
première plaidoirie
(legal) In adversarial legal systems, a statement made by either party at the beginning of a trial or comparable factfinding proceeding, in which that party lays out their case, generally including the points of fact that they intend to demonstrate and to some degree indicating the rhetorical arguments for why they should prevail.

opening ceremony opening ceremonies n
cérémonie d'ouverture
A ceremony to mark the official opening of a building or event.

opening credits n
générique générique d'ouverture générique de début
The credits shown at the beginning of a film, TV program, etc.

opening hours n
heures d'ouverture
The regular times of day when a shop, office or similar is open to the public.

openly /ˈoʊpənli/ more openly most openly adv
ouvertement
In an open manner; visibly.

openwork stocking openwork stockings n
bas à jour
(historical) A type of stocking having decorative gaps in the fabric.

opera /ˈɑ.pɚ.ə/ /ˈɑ.pɹə/ /ˈɒp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɒp.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ə.ɹə/ /ˈɔp.ɹə/ operas opere n
opéra
(music) A theatrical work, combining drama, music, song and sometimes dance.
(music) The score for such a work.
A company dedicated to performing such works.

opera glasses n
jumelles de théâtre
One or more pairs of small low-powered binoculars for use by members of the audience at a theatrical performance.

opera hat opera hats n
chapeau claque
A kind of collapsible top hat.

opera house opera houses n
opéra

operand /ˈɑpəˌɹænd/ /ˈɒpəɹænd/ /ˌɑpəˈɹænd/ operands n
opérande
(mathematics, computing) A quantity to which an operator is applied (in 3 - x, the operands of the subtraction operator are 3 and x).

operant conditioning n
apprentissage skinnerien conditionnement opérant
(psychology) A technique of behavior modification through positive and negative reinforcement and positive and negative punishment.

operate /ˈɑpəɹeɪt/ /ˈɒpəɹeɪt/ v
opérer œuvrer
(transitive, or, intransitive) To perform a work or labour; to exert power or strength, physical or mechanical; to act.
opérer
(medicine, transitive, or, intransitive) To perform some manual act upon a human body in a methodical manner, and usually with instruments, with a view to restore soundness or health, as in amputation, lithotomy, etc.

operatic /ˌɑ.pɚˈæt.ɪk/ /ˌɒp.əˈɹæt.ɪk/ /ˌɔp.əˈɹæt.ɪk/ [ˌɑ.pɚˈæɾ.ɪk] [ˌɔp.əˈɹæɾ.ɪk] more operatic most operatic adj
opératique
Of, related to, or typical of opera.

operating cost operating costs n
charge d'exploitation

operating income n
résultat d'exploitation résultat opérationnel

operating room operating rooms n
salle d'opération salle d'op
A room in a hospital used for performing surgical operations.

operating system /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ /ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtɪŋ ˌsɪstəm/ operating systems n
système d’exploitation système d'exploitation
(computing, software) Software for controlling the allocation and use of various hardware resources (memory, CPU time, disk space, input and output devices) to tasks and remote terminals.

operating table operating tables n
billard table d'opération
A table on which a patient lies during a surgical operation.

operation /ˌɑ.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ operations n
opération fonctionnement exploitation
The method by which a device performs its function.
opération
The method or practice by which actions are done.
A planned undertaking.
(medicine) A surgical procedure.
(computing, logic, mathematics) A procedure for generating a value from one or more other values (the operands);(mathematics, more formally) a function which maps zero or more (but typically two) operands to a single output value.
(military) A military campaign (e.g. Operation Desert Storm)
gestion
The act or process of operating; agency; the exertion of power, physical, mechanical, or moral.

operational more operational most operational adj
opérationnel
Determined by means of practical measures.

operative /ˈɒpəɹətɪv/ /ˈɒpɹətɪv/ more operative most operative adj
opératif
Effectual or important.
Functional, in working order.
opératoire
Based upon, or consisting of, a surgical operation or operations. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

operator /ˈɑpəˌɹeɪtɚ/ /ˈɒpəˌɹeɪtə/ operators n
opérateur
One who operates.
téléphoniste
A telecommunications facilitator whose job is to establish temporary network connections.
opérateur téléphoniste
A member of a military special operations unit.

operculum /oʊˈpɝ.kjə.ləm/ /əʊˈpɜː.kjʊ.ləm/ opercula n
opercule
(zoology) A covering flap in animals, such as a gill cover.

operetta /ɒpəˈɹɛtə/ operettas n
opérette
(music) A lighter version of opera with a frivolous story and spoken dialogue. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

ophidian /oʊˈfɪdi.ən/ more ophidian most ophidian adj
ophidien
Of or pertaining to the suborder Serpentes; of, related to, or characteristic of a snake or serpent.

ophidian /oʊˈfɪdi.ən/ ophidians n
ophidien
Any species of the suborder Serpentes; a snake or serpent.

ophiophobe ophiophobes n
ophiophobe
One who fears or hates snakes.

ophiophobia n
ophiophobie
A morbid fear of snakes.

ophiotoxin ophiotoxins n
ophiotoxine

ophthalmia /ɑpˈθælmiə/ /ɒfˈθælmiə/ /ɒpˈθælmiə/ ophthalmias n
ophtalmie
(medicine)

ophthalmic /ɑfˈθæl.mɪk/ /ɑpˈθæl.mɪk/ /ɒfˈθal.mɪk/ /ɒpˈθal.mɪk/ adj
ophtalmique
(medicine) Of or pertaining to the eyes.

ophthalmological adj
ophtalmologique
Pertaining to ophthalmology.

ophthalmologist /ˌɑp.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɒf.θælˈmɒ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θælˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɔf.θə(l)ˈmɑ.lə.d͡ʒɪst/ ophthalmologists n
ophtalmologiste ophtalmologue
A medical doctor specializing in the eye: deficiencies of vision requiring correction, and diseases. Compare optometrist.

ophthalmology /ˌɒfθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒfθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθælˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɒpθə(l)ˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ ophthalmologies n
ophtalmologie
(medicine) The anatomy, functions, pathology, and treatment of the eye.

ophthalmoscopic adj
ophtalmoscopique

opiate /ˈoʊpi.ət/ /ˈəʊpi.ət/ /ˈəʊpiˌeɪt/ /ˌoʊpieɪt/ opiates n
opiacé
(pharmacology) A drug, hormone or other substance derived from or related to opium.

opine /oʊˈpaɪn/ /ə(ʊ)ˈpaɪn/ v
opiner
(intransitive, transitive) To express an opinion; to state as an opinion; to suppose, consider (that).

opinion /əˈpɪnjən/ opinions n
opinion avis
A belief, judgment or perspective that a person has formed, either through objective or subjective reasoning, about a topic, issue, person or thing.
conclusions
(European Union, _, law) A judicial opinion delivered by an Advocate General to the European Court of Justice where he or she proposes a legal solution to the cases for which the court is responsible.

opinion poll opinion polls n
sondage d'opinion
A poll organized in an attempt to quantify public opinion on a subject.

opinionated /əˈpɪn.jə.neɪ.tɪd/ /əˈpɪn.jə.næɪ.tɪd/ [əˈpɪn.jə.neɪ.ɾɪd] more opinionated most opinionated adj
opiniâtre
Holding to one's own opinion obstinately and unreasonably.

opinionmaker opinionmakers n
faiseur d'opinion

opiomaniac opiomaniacs n
opiomane
An opium addict.

opisthographic adj
opisthographe
Written on both sides.

opium /ˈoʊ.pi.əm/ /ˈəʊ.pi.əm/ opia opiums n
opium
(uncountable) A yellow-brown, addictive narcotic drug obtained from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.
(by extension, countable) Anything that numbs or stupefies.

opium poppy opium poppies n
pavot somnifère pavot à opium pavot des jardins
Papaver somniferum, the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are extracted.

opopanax /əˈpɑpənæks/ /əˈpɒpənaks/ opopanaxes n
opopanax opoponax
(obsolete) A gum resin obtained from the root of Opopanax chironium, formerly used in medicine.

opossum /əˈpɑsəm/ /əˈpɒsəm/ /ˈpɑsəm/ opossums n
sarigue opossum rat de bois
Any American marsupial of the family Didelphidae. The common species of the United States is Didelphis virginiana.

opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ opponents n
adversaire
One who opposes another; one who works or takes a position against someone or something; one who attempts to stop the progress of someone or something.

opportune more opportune most opportune adj
opportun
At a convenient or advantageous time.

opportunism opportunisms n
opportunisme
The practice of taking advantage of any situations or people to achieve an end, often with no regard for principles or consequences.

opportunist /ˌɒpə(ɹ)ˈtjuːnɪst/ opportunists n
opportuniste
Someone who takes advantage of any opportunity to advance their own situation, placing expediency above principle.

opportunistic /ˌɑ.pɚˌt(j)uːˈnɪs.tɪk/ /ˌɒp.əˌtjuːˈnɪs.tɪk/ /ˌɒp.əˌt͡ʃ(j)uːˈnɪs.tɪk/ more opportunistic most opportunistic adj
opportun
Taking advantage of situations that arise.
opportuniste profiteur
Taking advantage of situations to advance one's own interests without regard for moral principles.

opportunity /-t̬i/ /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌɑpɚˈt(j)unəti/ /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ [-ɾi] opportunities n
chance
occasion opportunité
A chance for advancement, progress or profit.
opportunité occasion favorable
A favorable circumstance or occasion.

opportunity cost opportunity costs n
coût de renoncement
(economics) The cost of an opportunity forgone (and the loss of the benefits that could be received from that opportunity); the most valuable forgone alternative.

opposable more opposable most opposable adj
opposable
Capable of being placed opposite something else.

oppose /əˈpoʊz/ /əˈpəʊz/ [ʔəpʰoʊːz̥] v
opposer
s'opposer à
To attempt to stop the progression of; to resist or antagonize by physical means, or by arguments, etc.; to contend against.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adj
opposé
Located directly across from something else, or from each other.
Facing in the other direction.
Of either of two complementary or mutually exclusive things.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ adv
en face
In an opposite position.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ opposites n
contraire inverse
Something opposite or contrary to something else.
adversaire
An opponent.
contraire
An antonym.

opposite /ˈɑp(ə)sɪt/ /ˈɑpəzɪt/ /ˈɒpəsɪt/ /ˈɒpəzɪt/ preposition
en face de
Facing, or across from.

opposite number opposite numbers n
homologue
(idiomatic) A person who holds a position in an organization that corresponds to that held by another person in another organization; a counterpart

opposite sex n
sexe opposé
(attributively) Heterosexual, or otherwise relating to a relationship between a woman and a man.

opposition /ˌɑ.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/ /ˌɒp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/ oppositions n
opposition
The action of opposing or of being in conflict.
(astronomy) The apparent relative position of two celestial bodies when one is at an angle of 180 degrees from the other as seen from the Earth.
(politics) A political party or movement opposed to the party or government in power.
(chess) A position in which the player on the move must yield with his king allowing his opponent to advance with his own king.

oppositionist oppositionists n
opposant opposante
A person who opposes; especially a member of an official opposition

oppress /əˈpɹɛs/ v
opprimer
(transitive) To keep down by unjust force.
oppresser
(transitive) To make sad or gloomy.

oppression /əˈpɹɛʃən/ oppressions n
oppression
The exercise of authority or power in a burdensome, cruel, or unjust manner.
The act of oppressing, or the state of being oppressed.

oppressive /əˈpɹɛs.ɪv/ more oppressive most oppressive adj
oppressif
Burdensome or difficult to bear.
Tyrannical or exercising unjust power.
oppressant
Weighing heavily on the spirit; intense, or overwhelming.

oppressor oppressors n
oppresseur
Someone who oppresses another or others.

opprobrium /əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.ə/ /əˈpɹoʊ.bɹi.əm/ /əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.ə/ /əˈpɹəʊ.bɹɪ.əm/ opprobria opprobriums n
opprobre
Disgrace or bad reputation arising from exceedingly shameful behaviour; ignominy. [from late 17th c.]

oprichnina n
opritchnina
(historical) The period of Russian history between 1565 and 1572 during which Tsar Ivan the Terrible instituted a domestic policy of secret police, mass repressions, public executions, and confiscation of land from Russian aristocrats.

opsin opsins n
opsine

opt /ɑpt/ /ɒpt/ /ɔpt/ v
opter
(intransitive) To choose; select.

opt in v
consentir opter
To choose to participate in something

opt out v
se désengager
To choose not to participate in something.

opt-out opt-outs n
déroger renoncer se retirer
The act of opting out of something.

optative /ɒpˈteɪtɪv/ /ˈɒptətɪv/ optatives n
optatif
(grammar) A verb or expression in the optative mood.

optic chiasm optic chiasms n
chiasma optique
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) The part of the brain where the optic nerves partially cross.

optic nerve optic nerves n
nerf optique
(neuroanatomy) Each of the second pair of cranial nerves that carry visual information from the retina to the brain.

optical /ˈɑptɪkəl/ /ˈɒptɪkəl/ more optical most optical adj
optique
Designed to assist or enhance sight
Of, or relating to visible light.
Incorporating light-sensitive devices.

optical character recognition n
reconnaissance optique de caractères
(computing) The electronic identification and digital encoding of printed or handwritten characters by means of an optical scanner and specialized software.

optical disc optical discs n
disque optique
A modern data storage medium consisting of a flat disc read mechanically by illumination with laser light. Formats include the Laserdisc, compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray.

optical double optical doubles n
étoile double optique
(star) A star that appears as a double due to an optical illusion; in reality, the stars may be far apart from each other.

optical fibre optical fibres n
fibre optique
(British spelling) A thin, transparent, flexible fibre, made of glass or plastic, used for transmitting light.

optical illusion optical illusions n
illusion d'optique
An image that is visually deceptive or misleading.

optician opticians n
opticien opticienne
A person who makes or dispenses lenses, spectacles.

opticity opticities n
opticité

optimal /ˈɑptɪməl/ /ˈɒptɪməl/ adj
optimal
The best, most favourable or desirable, especially under some restriction.

optimality optimalities n
optimalité
The property of being optimal.

optimality theory n
théorie de l'optimalité
(linguistics) A linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the interaction between conflicting constraints.

optimate /ˈɒptɪmeɪt/ optimates n
optimate
(historical) A member of the patrician ruling class in republican Ancient Rome; an aristocrat, a noble.

optimism /ˈɑptɪmɪzəm/ /ˈɒptɪmɪzəm/ optimisms n
optimisme
a tendency to expect the best, or at least, a favourable outcome
the doctrine that this world is the best of all possible worlds
the belief that good will eventually triumph over evil

optimist /ˈɑptɪmɪst/ /ˈɒptɪmɪst/ optimists n
optimiste
a person who expects a favourable outcome
a believer in optimism

optimistic /ˌɑptɪˈmɪstɪk/ /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ more optimistic most optimistic adj
optimiste
Expecting the best in all possible ways.
(computing) Allowing other processes to perform transactions on the same data at the same time, and checking for conflicts only when changes need to be written back.

optimistically more optimistically most optimistically adv
optimistiquement
In an optimistic manner.

optimization optimizations n
optimisation
The design and operation of a system or process to make it as good as possible in some defined sense.

optimize /ˈɑptɪmaɪz/ /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ v
optimiser
(transitive) To make (something) optimal.
(transitive) To make (something) more efficient, such as a computer program.
s'optimiser
(intransitive) To become optimal.

optimum /ˈɑptɪməm/ /ˈɒptɪməm/ adj
optimal
The best or most advantageous; surpassing all others.

optimum /ˈɑptɪməm/ /ˈɒptɪməm/ optima optimums n
optimum
The best or most favorable condition, or the greatest amount or degree possible under specific sets of comparable circumstances.

option /ˈɑpʃən/ /ˈɒpʃən/ options n
option choix possibilité
One of a set of choices that can be made. [from 19th c.]

optional /ˈɑp.ʃə.nəl/ /ˈɒp.ʃə.nəl/ adj
facultatif optionnel
Not compulsory; left to personal choice; elective.

opto- prefix
opto-

optoelectronic adj
optoélectronique
Of or pertaining to optoelectronics.
That has both optical and electronic components, especially such components that interact.

optoelectronics /ˌɑptoʊ.ɪlɛkˈtɹɑnɪks/ /ˌɒptəʊ.iːlɛkˈtɹɒnɪks/ n
optoélectronique
(physics) The branch of physics that deals with the interaction of light with electronic devices, or the production of light from such devices

optogenetics n
optogénétique
(genetics) A science that combines optics and genetics, aiming at controlling cellular processes with light. The cells are made responsive to light using genetics and then activated using specific wavelengths.

optogram optograms n
optogramme
(physiology) An image of external objects fixed on the retina by the photochemical action of light on the visual purple.

optometrist /ɑpˈtɑmətɹɪst/ /ɒpˈtɒmətɹɪst/ optometrists n
optométriste
A person trained and skilled in examining and testing the eyes for defects, in order to prescribe corrective lenses or treatment.

optometry n
optométrie
The art and science of vision and eye care.

opuntia /əˈpʌntiə/ opuntias n
opuntia
Opuntia, a genus of cactus that includes such cacti as the prickly pear and xoconostle.

opuscule /oʊˈpəs.kjul/ /əˈpʌs.kjuːl/ opuscules n
opuscule
A small or petty work.

or /oɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ adj
or
(tincture) Of gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

or /ɑɹ/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ /ə/ /əɹ/ /ɚ/ conjunction
ou
(logic) An operator denoting the disjunction of two propositions or truth values. There are two forms, the inclusive or and the exclusive or.
Otherwise (a consequence of the condition that the previous is false).

or /oɹ/ /ɔː(ɹ)/ ors n
or
(tincture) The gold or yellow tincture on a coat of arms.

or else phraseologicalUnit
sinon
(idiomatic) No matter what (implies an unspecified threat).

or words to that effect phraseologicalUnit
quelque chose du même genre
(idiomatic) used to indicate a paraphrase or the chance of an error in the details of reported speech.

oracle /ˈɒɹəkəl/ /ˈɔɹəkəl/ oracles n
oracle
A shrine dedicated to some prophetic deity.
A person such as a priest through whom the deity is supposed to respond with prophecy or advice.
A prophetic response, often enigmatic or allegorical, so given.
A person considered to be a source of wisdom.

oracle bone script n
écriture ossécaille
The set of incised ancient Chinese characters found on oracle bones used in divination during Bronze Age China.

oral /ˈo(ː)ɹəl/ /ˈoɹəl/ /ˈoː.ɹəl/ /ˈɑɹ.əl/ /ˈɔɹ.əl/ /ˈɔː.ɹəl/ adj
buccal oral
(relational) Relating to the mouth.
oral
(relational) Spoken rather than written.

oral candidiasis oral candidiases n
muguet buccal

oral history oral histories n
histoire orale
(historiography) The collection and study of historical information about individuals, families, important events, or everyday life using audiotapes, videotapes, or transcriptions of planned interviews.

oral sex n
sexe oral coït buccal
Stimulation of another person's genitals using the mouth.

oral stage oral stages n
stade oral

oral test n
interrogation orale être interrogé
(This entry is a translation hub.)

oral tradition oral traditions n
tradition orale
Cultural material transmitted orally from one generation to another.

oralizable more oralizable most oralizable adj
oralisable
Able to be oralized.

oralization oralizations n
oralisation
(chiefly, US) The act or an act of oralizing; the act or an act of turning something written into something oral.

oralize v
oraliser
(chiefly, US) To speak out something that is written, to turn something written into something oral.

orally /ˈɔːɹəli/ adv
oralement
By mouth.
Spoken as opposed to written.

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ more orange most orange oranger orangest adj
orange
Having the colour of the fruit of an orange tree; yellowred; reddish-yellow.

orange /ˈɑɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɨnʒ/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ənd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ̈nd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔɹnd͡ʒ/ oranges n
oranger orange
(countable) An evergreen tree of the genus Citrus such as Citrus sinensis which yields oranges (the fruit).
orange
(countable) Any round citrus fruit with a yellow-red colour when ripe and a sour-sweet taste; the fruit of the orange tree.
orange orangé
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured cordial.
(uncountable) An orange-coloured and orange-flavoured soft drink.

orange blossom orange blossoms n
fleur d'oranger
The fragrant white flower of the orange tree, Citrus sinensis.

orange juice orange juices n
jus d'orange
The juice of squeezed oranges; used as a beverage or in cocktails.

orange tree orange trees n
oranger

orange-spotted bulbul orange-spotted bulbuls n
bulbul bimaculé
Pycnonotus bimaculatus, a species of perching bird.

orangeade /ˈɒ.ɹɪn.ˌdʒeɪd/ orangeades n
orangeade
A soft drink or a soda with an orange flavor.
A mixture of soda water and orange juice.

orangery /ˈɒrɪndʒərɪ/ orangeries n
orangerie
A greenhouse in which orange trees are grown.
orangeraie
A garden or plantation where orange trees are grown.

orangutan /oʊˈɹæŋ-/ /ɔəˌɹæŋuːˈtæn/ /ɔˈɹæŋ.ʊˌtæn/ /ɔːˌɹæŋ.uːˈtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæn/ /əˈɹæŋ.əˌtæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tæŋ/ /əˈɹæŋˌə.tɛːŋ/ /ˌɔə.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/ /ˌɔː.ɹæŋˈuː.tæn/ orangutans n
orang-outan
Any of three species of arboreal anthropoid ape, characterised by their shaggy reddish-brown coat and long arms, which comprise the genus Pongo; Pongo pygmaeus of Borneo, Pongo abelii of Sumatra or Pongo tapanuliensis of South Tapanuli (in Sumatra).

orate /ɒɹˈeɪt/ /ɔˈɹeɪt/ /ɔːˈɹeɪt/ /əˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɔɹ.eɪt/ v
discourir disserter délivrer un laïus laïusser pontifier pérorer
To speak formally; to give a speech.
admonester haranguer vitupérer
To speak passionately; to preach for or against something.

oration /ɔɹˈeɪʃən/ orations n
oraison
A formal, often ceremonial speech.
(jocular) A lengthy speech or argument in a private setting.

orator /ˈɑɹ.ə.tɚ/ /ˈɒ.ɹə.tə(ɹ)/ orators n
orateur oratrice
Someone who orates or delivers an oration.

oratorian oratorians n
oratorien
A member of a Roman Catholic oratory

oratorio oratorios n
oratorio
(music) A musical composition, often based on a religious theme; similar to opera but with no costume, scenery or acting.

oratory /ˈɒɹət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔ.ɹə.tɔ.ɹi/ oratories n
oratoire
A private chapel or prayer room. [from 14th c.]

orature /-ˌt(j)ʊ-/ /ˈɒɹətʃə/ /ˈɔɹət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɔɹəˌt͡ʃʊ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈɔː-/ oratures n
orature
The oral equivalent of literature: a collection of traditional folk songs, stories, etc., that is communicated orally rather than in writing. [from 1970s]

orb /ɔɹb/ /ɔːb/ orbs n
orbe
A spherical body; a sphere, especially one of the celestial spheres; a sun, planet, or star
sphère
Celestial sphere; one of the azure transparent spheres conceived by the ancients to be enclosed one within another, and to carry the heavenly bodies in their revolutions
(poetic) Any revolving circular body, such as a wheel
œil
(poetic) The eye, seen as a luminous and spherical entity

orbicular /ɔɹˈbɪk.ju.lɚ/ /ɔɹˈbɪk.jə.lɚ/ /ɔːˈbɪk.jə.lə/ /ɔːˈbɪk.jʊ.lə/ more orbicular most orbicular adj
orbiculaire sphérique
Circular or spherical in shape; round.

orbiculate more orbiculate most orbiculate adj
orbiculé
spherical or circular; orbicular

orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ /ˈɔː.bɪt/ orbits n
orbite
(pinball) A path for the ball on the outer edge of the playfield, usually connected so that the ball entering in one end will come out of the other.

orbit /ˈɔɹ.bɪt/ /ˈɔː.bɪt/ v
mettre en orbite
To place an object (e.g. a satellite) into an orbit around a planet.
orbiter
(astronomy) To circle or revolve around another object or position.
To move around the general vicinity of something.

orbital /ɔɹ.bət.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.əl/ adj
orbital orbitaire
Of or relating to, or forming an orbit (such as the orbit of a moon, planet, or spacecraft).
(anatomy) Of or relating to the eye socket (eyehole).

orbital /ɔɹ.bət.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.l̩/ /ɔː.bɪt.əl/ orbitals n
orbitale
(physics) A specification of the energy and probability density of one or more electrons at any point in an atom or molecule, and can be represented as a wave function.

orc /ɔɹk/ /ɔːk/ orcs n
orque orc
(fantasy, mythology) A mythical evil monstrous humanoid creature, usually quite aggressive and often green. [from 17th c.]

orca /ˈoɹkə/ /ˈɔːkə/ orca orcas n
orque épaulard

orchard /ˈɔɹ.t͡ʃɚd/ /ˈɔː.tʃəd/ orchards n
verger
A garden or an area of land for the cultivation of fruit or nut trees.
arbre fruitier arbres fruitiers
The trees themselves cultivated in such an area.

orchesography orchesographies n
orchésographie

orchestra /ˈɔɹkəstɹə/ /ˈɔːkəstɹə/ orchestrae orchestras n
orchestre
(music) A large group of musicians who play together on various instruments, usually including some from strings, woodwind, brass and/or percussion; the instruments played by such a group.
A semicircular space in front of the stage used by the chorus in Ancient Greek and Hellenistic theatres.
The area in a theatre or concert hall where the musicians sit, immediately in front of and below the stage, sometimes (also) used by other performers.

orchestra pit orchestra pits n
fosse d’orchestre
(performing arts) A sunken area in front of a stage in which musicians, largely hidden from view, play music to accompany stage performances.

orchestral /ˌɔɹˈkɛstɹəl/ adj
orchestral
Relating to an orchestra or to music played by an orchestra.

orchestrate /ˈɔɹ.kəstˌɹeɪt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ).kə.stɹeɪt/ v
orchestrer
To arrange or score music for performance by an orchestra.
To compose or arrange orchestral music for a dramatic performance.
To arrange or direct diverse elements to achieve a desired effect

orchi n
orchi

orchid /ˈɔɹ.kɪd/ /ˈɔː.kɪd/ orchids n
orchidée
A plant of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), bearing unusually-shaped flowers of beautiful colours. [mid-19th c.]

orchidology n
orchidologie orchidéologie
The study of orchids.

orchiectomy orchiectomies n
orchiectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of one or both testes.

orchil orchils n
orcéine orseille

orchitis orchitides orchitises n
orchite
(pathology) A painful inflammation of one or both testes.

orda ordas n
horde
(historical) A political and military organizational structure used by Turkic and Mongol peoples, sometimes referred to as a horde.

ordeal /ɔɹˈdil/ /ɔːˈdiːl/ ordeals n
calvaire épreuve
A painful or trying experience.
ordalie
A trial in which the accused was subjected to a dangerous test (such as ducking in water), divine authority deciding the guilt of the accused.

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] orders n
ordre
(countable) Arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
(countable) A position in an arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
(countable) A command.
(countable) A group of religious adherents, especially monks or nuns, set apart within their religion by adherence to a particular rule or set of principles.
(countable) A decoration, awarded by a government, a dynastic house, or a religious body to an individual, usually for distinguished service to a nation or to humanity.
(countable, biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below class and above family; a taxon at that rank.
(electronics) A power of polynomial function in an electronic circuit’s block, such as a filter, an amplifier, etc.
(chemistry) The overall power of the rate law of a chemical reaction, expressed as a polynomial function of concentrations of reactants and products.
commande ordre
(countable) A request for some product or service; a commission to purchase, sell, or supply goods.
ordre relation d'ordre
(order theory) The relation on a partially ordered set that determines that it is, in fact, a partially ordered set.
ordre degré
(algebra) The sum of the exponents on the variables in a monomial, or the highest such among all monomials in a polynomial.

order /ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈɔːdə(r)/ /ˈɔːdə/ [ˈɔɹɾɚ] v
ordonner commander enjoindre
(transitive) To issue a command to.
commander
(transitive) To request some product or service; to secure by placing an order.
ranger ordonner
To admit to holy orders; to ordain; to receive into the ranks of the ministry.

order book order books n
carnet de commandes

order of battle orders of battle n
ordre de bataille

order of knighthood orders of knighthood n
ordre de chevalerie
An order which (at least mainly) consists of members who receive and/or most have the knighthood, hence constitutes an honorific brotherhood (in modern times often open to both genders, in rare cases a sisterhood) of knights (and/or, as female equivalent, dames). The hierarchical structure, purpose, activities (in many cases rare and mainly ceremonious), titles and insignia vary widely.

order of magnitude orders of magnitude n
ordre de grandeur
(mathematics) The class of scale or magnitude of any amount, where each class contains values of a fixed ratio (most often 10) to the class preceding it.

order of precedence orders of precedence n
ordre de préséance

order of the day orders of the day n
ordre du jour
The business to be done by a body (such as a legislature) on a particular day; an agenda.

ordered pair ordered pairs n
couple
(set theory) An object containing exactly two elements in a fixed order, so that, when the elements are different, exchanging them gives a different object. Notation: (a, b) or \langle a, b\rangle.

orderliness /ˈɔːdəlɪnəs/ orderlinesses n
ordre
The fact of having a regular, proper and systematic arrangement.

orderly /ˈɔɹdɚli/ /ˈɔːdəli/ more orderly most orderly adj
ordonné
Neat and tidy; possessing order.

orderly /ˈɔɹdɚli/ /ˈɔːdəli/ orderlies n
planton
(military) A soldier who carries out minor tasks for a superior officer.

orders are orders phraseologicalUnit
les ordres sont les ordres

ordinal /ˈoː.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈɔɹ.dɪ.nəl/ /ˈɔː.dɪ.nəl/ adj
ordinal ordinaux
(maths, of a number) Indicating position in a sequence.

ordinal number ordinal numbers n
ordinal
nombre ordinal ordinal
(grammar) A word that expresses the relative position of an item in a sequence.
(arithmetic) A natural number used to denote position in a sequence.
(set theory) Such a number generalised to correspond to any cardinal number (the size of some set); formally, the order type of some well-ordered set of some cardinality a, which represents an equivalence class of well-ordered sets (exactly those of cardinality a) under the equivalence relation "existence of an order-preserving bijection".

ordinance /ˈoɹdnəns/ /ˈoɹdɪnəns/ /ˈɔːdnəns/ /ˈɔːdɪnəns/ ordinances n
ordonnance
(US) A local law, passed by e.g. a city.
décret
An edict or decree, authoritative order.

ordinand /ˈɔɹdn̩ænd/ /ˈɔɹdɪnænd/ /ˈɔːdɪnænd/ ordinands n
ordinand
A candidate for ordination

ordinariate ordinariates n
ordinariat
The office of a Roman Catholic ordinary, especially a bishop.

ordinarily /ɔɹdɪˈnɛɹɪli/ /ɔːdɪˈnæɹɪli/ adv
d'ordinaire ordinairement
Usually or as a general rule; commonly.

ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ /ˈɔːdənɹi/ /ˈɔːdɪnəɹi/ more ordinary most ordinary adj
ordinaire
Being part of the natural order of things; normal, customary, routine.
ordinaire quelconque
Having no special characteristics or function; everyday, common, mundane; often deprecatory.

ordinary /ˈɔɹdɪnɛ(ə)ɹi/ /ˈɔɹdɪnɛɹi/ /ˈɔːdənɹi/ /ˈɔːdɪnəɹi/ ordinaries n
pièce
(heraldry) One of the standard geometric designs placed across the center of a coat of arms, such as a pale or fess. [from 16th c.]

ordinary differential equation ordinary differential equations n
équation différentielle ordinaire
(calculus) An equation involving the derivatives of a function of only one independent variable.

ordinate /ˈɔː(ɹ)dɪneɪt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)dɪnət/ ordinates n
ordonnée
(geometry) The second of the two terms by which a point is referred to, in a system of fixed rectilinear coordinate (Cartesian coordinate) axes.

ordination ordinations n
ordination
The act of ordaining or the state of being ordained.
(Buddhism) the ceremony in which a bhikkhu or bhikkhuni is ordained into the sangha

ordnance /ˈoɹdnəns/ /ˈoɹdɪnəns/ /ˈɔːdnəns/ /ˈɔːdɪnəns/ ordnances n
munitions
Military equipment, especially weapons and ammunition.

ordoliberalism /-bəɹəl/ /-bɹəl/ /-də-/ /ˌɔɹdoʊˈlɪbəɹəlɪzəm/ /ˌɔːdəʊˈlɪbɹəlɪz(ə)m/ n
ordolibéralisme
(economics, politics) A political philosophy that emphasizes the desirability of the government establishing rules to maximize the potential of the free market to produce results.

ordure /-d͡ʒə/ /ˈɔɹd͡ʒʊɹ/ /ˈɔːdj(ʊ)ə/ ordures n
immondice
Dung, excrement.

ore /o(ː)ɹ/ /oə/ /ɔɹ/ /ɔː/ ores n
minerai
Rock or other material that contains valuable or utilitarian materials; primarily a rock containing metals or gems for which it is typically mined and processed.

oread /ˈɔːɹi.æd/ oreades oreads n
oréade
(Greek mythology) A mountain nymph; an anthropomorphic appearance of the spirit of a mountain.

orecchiette n
orecchiette
A type of pasta, made with the thumb from a small disk, typically from Puglia.

oregano /ɒɹɪˈɡɑːnəʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənoʊ/ /əˈɹɛɡənəʊ/ oreganos n
origan marjolaine sauvage
The leaves of these plants used in flavouring food.

organ /ˈɔɹɡən/ /ˈɔːɡən/ organs n
organe
The larger part of an organism, composed of tissues that perform similar functions.
(by extension) A body of an organization dedicated to the performing of certain functions.
An official magazine, newsletter, or similar publication of an organization.
orgue organe
(musical instruments) A musical instrument that has multiple pipes which play when a key is pressed (the pipe organ), or an electronic instrument designed to replicate such.

organ donation organ donations n
don d'organes
The act of donating one's organ to another person through an organ transplant.

organ donor organ donors n
donneur d'organes
A person (living or dead) from whom an organ is removed in order to be transplanted into another person.

organ gun /ˌɔɹɡ(ə)n ˈɡʌn/ /ˌɔːɡ(ə)n ˈɡʌn/ organ guns n
ribaudequin
(firearm, historical) A large, portable firearm normally supported by wheels, in which bullets may be fired from a row of several tubes in succession; it was chiefly used from the 14th to the 17th century.

organ harvesting n
prélèvement d'organe
The removal, preservation and use of human organs and tissue from the bodies of the recently deceased to be used in surgical transplants on the living.

organ stop organ stops n
registre
Any of many knobs near the keyboard of an organ used to select different sounds or timbres.

organ transplant organ transplants n
greffe
(medicine) A surgical operation in which an organ is moved from a donor to a recipient.

organdy /ˈɔːɡəndi/ organdies n
organdi
A fine, transparent type of muslin, usually stiffened. [from 18th c.]

organelle /ˌɔɹ.ɡənˈɛl/ organelles n
organite
(cytology) A specialized structure found inside cells that carries out a specific life process (e.g. ribosomes, vacuoles).

organic /ɔɹˈɡænɪk/ /ɔːˈɡænɪk/ more organic most organic adj
organique
(biology) Pertaining to or derived from living organisms. [from 1778]
(physiology, medicine) Pertaining to an organ of the body of a living organism.
(chemistry) Relating to the compounds of carbon, relating to natural products.
biologique bio
(agriculture) Of food or food products, grown in an environment free from artificial agrichemicals, and possibly certified by a regulatory body. [from 1942]

organic chemist organic chemists n
chimiste organique
A chemist whose field is organic chemistry.

organic chemistry n
chimie organique
(chemistry) The chemistry of organic compounds (that is, chemical compounds with carbon atoms in a covalent bond).

organic compound organic compounds n
composé organique
(organic chemistry) Any compound containing carbon atoms covalently bound to other atoms.

organic farming n
agriculture biologique
(agriculture) An approach to farming based on biological methods that avoid the use of synthetic crop or livestock production inputs and on a broadly defined philosophy of farming that puts value on ecological harmony, resource efficiency, and non-intensive animal husbandry practices.

organic matter n
matière organique
The residues of dead plants and animals in various stages of decomposition

organism /ˈɔɹ.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ /ˈɔː.ɡəˌnɪz.əm/ organisms n
organisme
Something with many separate interdependent parts, seen as being like a living thing; an organic system. [from 18th c.]

organist organists n
organiste
A musician who plays the organ.

organization /ˌɔɹɡnɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹɡənɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔɹˈɡænɪzeɪʃən/ /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ organizations n
organisation
(uncountable) The quality of being organized.
(uncountable) The way in which something is organized, such as a book or an article.
(countable) A group of people or other legal entities with an explicit purpose and written rules.
(countable) A group of people consciously cooperating.

organization chart organization charts n
organigramme
(management) A graphic display of reporting relationships in an organization, sometimes displaying position titles and position holders.

organizational /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənaɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ /ˌɔː(ɹ)ɡənɪˈzeɪʃənəl/ adj
organisationnel
Of, relating to, or produced by an organization.

organize /ˈɔɹɡənaɪz/ /ˈɔːɡənaɪz/ v
organiser
(transitive) To arrange in working order.
(transitive) To constitute in parts, each having a special function, act, office, or relation; to systematize.

organized crime n
crime organisé
A large criminal organization, or a group of such organizations, that deals in illegal goods and services.

organizer /ˈɔɹɡənaɪzɚ/ organizers n
organisateur organisatrice
A person who arranges the details of a public event.
agenda organiseur
(computing) A hand-held micro-computer that will perform specific tasks; can be used as an electronic diary, alarm clock, recorder of memos and notes, a portable database etc.

organochlorine organochlorines n
organochloré
(chemistry) Any of very many chlorine substituted organic compounds, many of which are solvents or insecticides etc.

organogenesis organogeneses n
organogenèse
(biology) the formation and development of the organs of an organism from embryonic cells

organoleptic /ɔː(ɹ)ˌɡænəʊˈlɛptɪk/ adj
organoleptique

organolithium organolithiums n
organolithien
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound containing a carbon to lithium bond.

organology organologies n
organologie
(biology) The study of the organs of plants and animals.

organotropism organotropisms n
organotropisme

orgasm /ˈoɹ.ɡæ.zəm/ /ˈɔːɡaz(ə)m/ orgasms n
orgasme
A rush of sexual excitement; now specifically, the climax or peak of sexual pleasure, which occurs during sexual activity and which in males may include ejaculation and in females vaginal contractions. [from 18th c.]

orgasm /ˈoɹ.ɡæ.zəm/ /ˈɔːɡaz(ə)m/ v
jouir orgasmer
To have an orgasm.

orgasmic more orgasmic most orgasmic adj
orgasmique jouissif orgastique
(uncomparable) Of or relating to orgasms.

orgiast /ˈɔː(ɹ)d͡ʒiˌæst/ orgiasts n
partouzard partouzarde
One who attends an orgy.

orgiastic /ˌɔː(ɹ)d͡ʒiˈæstɪk/ more orgiastic most orgiastic adj
orgiastique
Relating to an orgy; uncontrolled, wild. [from the late 16th c.]

orgulous /ˈɔɹɡjələs/ /ˈɔːɡjʊləs/ more orgulous most orgulous adj
hautain orgueilleux dédaigneux fier méprisant vaniteux
Proud; haughty; disdainful.
ostentatoire
Ostentatious; showy.
ampoulé excessif
Swollen; augmented; excessive.
dangereux menaçant
Threatening; dangerous.

orgy /ˈɔɹd͡ʒi/ /ˈɔː.d͡ʒi/ orgies n
orgie partouze
A gathering of people to engage in group sex.
orgie
Excessive indulgence in a specified activity.

orient /ˈɒɹ.ɪˌɛnt/ /ˈɔɹ.iˌɛnt/ /ˈɔː.ɹɪˌɛnt/ v
orienter
(transitive, often, reflexive, figuratively) To familiarize (oneself or someone) with a circumstance or situation.

orientability orientabilities n
orientabilité

oriental dance oriental dances n
danse orientale
.

oriental pratincole oriental pratincoles n
glaréole orientale
A wader, Glareola maldivarum.

orientalism orientalisms n
orientalisme
(arts, architecture, literature) The tendency to represent eastern subjects, to assume stylistical characteristics original of the East.

orientalist /ˌɔɹiˈɛntəlɪst/ orientalists n
orientaliste
A scholar who studies the Orient; a person interested in the Orient.

orientation /ˌɔɹiɛnˈteɪʃən/ orientations n
orientation
(countable) The determination of the relative position of something or someone.
(countable) The ability to orient, or the process of so doing.
(education) Events to orient new students at a school; events to help new students become familiar with a school.

orienteering n
course d'orientation
(sport) The act of racing across unfamiliar place using a map and compass.

orifice /ˈɒɹɪfɪs/ /ˈɔɹəfɪs/ orifices n
orifice
A mouth or aperture, such as of a tube, pipe, etc.; an opening.

oriflamme /ˈɒɹɪflæm/ oriflammes n
oriflamme

origami /ˌɒɹɪˈɡɑːmɪ/ /ˌɔɹəˈɡɑmi/ [ˌɔɹɪ̈ˈɡɑmi] origamis n
origami
(uncountable) The Japanese art of paper folding.

origamically adv
origamiquement
By means of origami.

origamist /ɔɹɪˈɡɑmɪst/ origamists n
origamiste
A person who does origami.

origin /ˈɑɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɒɹ.ə.d͡ʒən/ /ˈɒɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.d͡ʒɪn/ /ˈɔɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ origins n
origine
The beginning of something.
(mathematics) The point at which the axes of a coordinate system intersect.
(in the plural) Ancestry.
source origine
The source of a river, information, goods, etc.

original /ɒˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒənəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ more original most original adj
originel
(not comparable) Relating to the origin or beginning; preceding all others.
(not comparable) Having a specified place or time as its origin.
original originel
(not comparable) First in a series of copies or versions.
(not comparable) Newly created.
(comparable) Fresh, different.
(not comparable) Pioneering.

original /ɒˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒnəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒənəl/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəl/ originals n
original originel
An object or other creation (e.g. narrative work) from which all later copies and variations are derived.

original sin original sins n
péché originel
(Christianity) The state of sinfulness, present in each human from birth, which is a result of Adam's disobedience.

originality /əˌɹɪd͡ʒɪˈnælɪti/ originalities n
originalité
(uncountable) The quality of being original or novel.
(uncountable) The capacity to think independently or be inventive.
(countable) Something original.

originally /əˈɹɪd͡ʒnəli/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒənəli/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪnəli/ more originally most originally adv
au départ à l'origine à la base
(not comparable) As it was in the beginning.

originate /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪt/ v
prendre sa source
instituer
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to be; to bring (someone or something) into existence; to produce or initiate a person or thing. [from 17th c.]
instituer venir de
(intransitive) To come into existence; to have origin or beginning; to spring, be derived (from, with). [from 18th c.]

originator /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtə/ /əˈɹɪd͡ʒɪneɪtɚ/ originators n
demandeur expéditeur
Someone who originates, creates or founds something.

oriole /ˈɔɹ.iˌoʊl/ /ˈɔː.ɹiːˌəʊl/ orioles n
loriot oriole
Any of various colourful passerine birds, the New World orioles from the family Icteridae and the Old World orioles from the family Oriolidae.

orisha /ˈɒɹɪʃɑː/ orishas n
oricha orisha
A divine entity in Yoruba religion that possesses the supernatural capability of reflecting some of the manifestations of Olódùmarè

orison /ˈɒɹɪsən/ /ˈɒɹɪzən/ orisons n
oraison
A prayer.

ornament /ˈɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈɔɹnəˌmɛnt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəmənt/ /ˈɔː(ɹ)nəˌmɛnt/ ornaments n
ornement
An element of decoration; that which embellishes or adorns.
ornement musical ornement
(music) A musical flourish that is unnecessary to the overall melodic or harmonic line, but serves to decorate that line.

ornamental /ˌɔɹnəˈmɛntl/ /ˌɔːnəˈmɛntl/ more ornamental most ornamental adj
ornemental
Serving as an ornament; having no purpose other than to make more beautiful.

ornamental /ˌɔɹnəˈmɛntl/ /ˌɔːnəˈmɛntl/ ornamentals n
ornemental ornementale
An ornamental plant.

ornamentation ornamentations n
ornementation
The act or process of decorating etc.

ornithine ornithines n
ornithine
(amino acid, organic compound) An amino acid, 2,5-diaminopentanoic acid, that is not present in protein, but is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of urea.

ornitho- prefix
ornitho-
of or pertaining to birds

ornithological adj
ornithologique
of or pertaining to ornithology

ornithologist ornithologists n
ornithologue ornithologiste
A person who studies or practices ornithology.

ornithology ornithologies n
ornithologie
The branch of zoology that deals with the scientific study of birds.

ornithopod ornithopods n
ornithopode

ornithopter /ˈɔɹ.nɪˌθɑp.tɚ/ /ˈɔː.nɪˌθɒp.tə/ ornithopters n
ornithoptère
An aircraft that generates lift through the flapping of its wings.

ornithosis ornithoses n
chlamydiose aviaire ornithose
(medicine) A zoonotic infectious disease (of birds) caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci, it can be transmitted to humans and other animals. When carried by any species of bird belonging to the Psittacidae family (parrots), it is called psittacosis or parrot fever.

orogenic /ɒɹə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/ more orogenic most orogenic adj
orogénique

orogenital adj
buccogénital
Involving the mouth and the genitals.

orography /ɒˈɹɒɡɹəfi/ orographies n
orographie
(geomorphology) the scientific study, or a physical description of mountains
the orographic features of a region

orphan /ˈɔɹfən/ /ˈɔːfən/ /ˈɔːɹfənt/ orphans n
orphelin orpheline
A person, especially a minor, both or (rarely) one of whose parents have died.

orphan drug orphan drugs n
médicament orphelin

orphan work orphan works n
œuvre orpheline
(copyright) A copyright-protected work for which rightsholders are positively indeterminate or uncontactable.

orphanage /ˈɔː(ɹ)fənɪd͡ʒ/ orphanages n
orphelinat maison d'enfants
A residential institution for the care and protection of orphans.

orphanhood orphanhoods n
orphelinisme
The state of being an orphan; the losing of both parents through their death.

orphrey /ˈɔɹfɹi/ /ˈɔːfɹi/ orphreys n
orfroi orphroi
(Christianity) An embroidered ornamental band or border on an ecclesiastical vestment, altar frontal, etc. [from 15th c.]

orthodontic adj
orthodontique
Of, or relating to the dental speciality of orthodontics.

orthodontics n
orthodontie
(medicine) A specialty of dentistry concerned with correcting misalignment of teeth.

orthodontist /ˌɔː(ɹ)θəˈdɒntɪst/ orthodontists n
orthodontiste
An orthodontic dentist

orthodox /ˈɔɹθədɑks/ /ˈɔːθədɒks/ more orthodox most orthodox adj
orthodoxe
Conforming to the accepted, established, or traditional doctrines of a given faith, religion, or ideology. [from 15th c.]
Adhering to whatever is customary, traditional, or generally accepted. [1640s]

orthodoxy /ˈɔɹθədɑksi/ /ˈɔːɹθədɑːksi/ /ˈɔːθədɒksi/ orthodoxies n
orthodoxie
Correctness in doctrine and belief.

orthoepic /ˌɔrθoʊˈɛpɪk/ /ˌɔːθəʊˈɛpɪk/ more orthoepic most orthoepic adj
orthoépique
Of or relating to orthoepy in its various senses:

orthoepy /ɔɹˈθoʊ.ə.pi/ /ɔː.ˈθəʊ.ɨ.pi/ /ˈɔɹ.θoʊˌɛ.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊ.ɨ.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊˌiː.pi/ /ˈɔː.θəʊˌɛ.pi/ orthoepies n
orthoépie
the study of pronunciation. [1640]
Accepted or customary pronunciation. [1773]

orthogenesis orthogeneses n
orthogenèse
(evolutionary theory, historical) The hypothesis that evolution tends toward a certain goal, at least at some scales.

orthogonal /ɔɹˈθɑɡ.ə.nəl/ /ɔːˈθɒɡ.ə.nəl/ adj
orthogonal
(geometry) Of two objects, at right angles; perpendicular to each other.
Of a pair of elements in an ortholattice: each less than or equal to the orthocomplement of the other.
(mathematics)
(statistics) Statistically independent, with reference to variates.
indépendant
(software engineering) Of two or more aspects of a problem, able to be treated separately; of a design, exhibiting consistency and composability.

orthogonality n
orthogonalité
(mathematics, statistics, software engineering) The property of being orthogonal.

orthographic /ˌɔːɹθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ /ˌɔːθəˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
orthographique
Of a projection used in maps, architecture etc., in which the rays are parallel.
Of, or relating to, orthography.

orthographic neighborhood orthographic neighborhoods n
voisinage orthographique

orthographic neighbour orthographic neighbours n
voisin orthographique

orthographically adv
orthographiquement
(drafting, engineering, manufacturing) Using an orthographic projection (a way of showing three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional engineering drawings).

orthography /ɔɹˈθɑɡɹəfi/ /ɔːˈθɒɡɹəfi/ orthographies n
orthographe
(uncountable) Correct spelling according to established usage; also (obsolete) pronunciation according to the spelling of a word.
(uncountable) The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words; the study of spelling.
(countable) A method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols; spelling.

orthologous adj
orthologue
(genetics, of genes or sequences) Exhibiting orthology; having been separated by a speciation event. Usually while retaining the same function.

orthomolecular adj
orthomoléculaire
relating to the theory that mental illness is the result of chemical deficiencies, and can be cured with vitamins and the like

orthopedic more orthopedic most orthopedic adj
orthopédique
Of, or relating to orthopedics.

orthopedist orthopedists n
orthopédiste
(medicine) A surgeon who specializes in orthopedics.

orthophonist orthophonists n
orthophoniste

orthopyroxene /-θə-/ /ˌɔɹθoʊpaɪˈɹɑksin/ /ˌɔːθə(ʊ)paɪˈɹɒksiːn/ orthopyroxenes n
orthopyroxène
(mineral) Any pyroxene that forms orthorhombic crystals.

orthorexia n
orthorexie
(psychology) A fixation with healthy or righteous eating

orthorhombic /ɔː(ɹ)θəˈɹɒmbɪk/ adj
orthorhombique
(crystallography) Having three unequal axes at right angles.

orthosis orthoses n
orthèse
(medicine) A type of brace which either prevents or assists movement of a limb or the spine.

orthostatic adj
orthostatique
Relating to orthostasis or orthostatism.

orthosympathetic adj
orthosympathique
Of or pertaining to the sympathetic component of the autonomic nervous system

orthotetrahedral adj
orthotétraédral orthotétraédrique

orthotropic adj
orthotropique

orthotypography orthotypographies n
orthotypographie
(typography) The study of correct typography according to established usage.

ortolan /ˈɔɹ.tə.læn/ /ˈɔɹ.tə.lən/ /ˈɔː.təl.æn/ /ˈɔː.təl.ən/ ortolans n
becfigue ortolan
A small European migratory bunting (Emberiza hortulana), once eaten whole as a delicacy.

os /ɑs/ /ɒs/ ossa n
os

oscillate /ˈɑsɪleɪt/ v
osciller
(intransitive) To swing back and forth, especially if with a regular rhythm.

oscillation /ˌɑː.sə.ˈleɪ.ʃən/ oscillations n
oscillation
the act of oscillating or the state of being oscillated

oscillator oscillators n
oscillateur
A tuned electronic circuit used to generate a continuous output waveform.

oscilloscope /əˈsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/ /ˈɒˌsɪl.ɪ.skəʊp/ oscilloscopes n
oscilloscope
An electronic measuring instrument that creates a visible two-dimensional graph, on a screen, of one or more continuously varying voltages or currents.

osculating more osculating most osculating adj
osculateur
(mathematics, of a curve) Having three or more points coincident with another

osculating circle osculating circles n
cercle osculateur
(geometry, for any point on a curve) The circle that has the same tangent, and the same curvature at the point on the curve.

osculum oscula n
oscule
(zoology) The main opening in a sponge from which water is expelled.

oshinko n
oshinko

osier /ˈoʊʒəɹ/ /ˈəʊzɪə/ /ˈəʊʒə/ osiers n
saule des vanniers
One of the long, pliable twigs of this plant, or of other similar plants.

osmanthus /ɒzˈmænθəs/ osmanthuses n
osmanthe
Any of several widely distributed evergreen flowering plants, of the genus Osmanthus.

osmium /ˈɑz.mi.əm/ /ˈɒz.mi.əm/ osmiums n
osmium
A chemical element (symbol Os) with atomic number 76: a hard, brittle, heavy, bluish-white transition metal found as a trace element in alloys, mostly in platinum ores.

osmolarity /ˌɑs.moʊˈlær.ət.i/ /ˌɑs.moʊˈlɛr.ət.i/ /ˌɑz.moʊˈlær.ət.i/ /ˌɑz.moʊˈlɛr.ət.i/ /ˌɒz.mə(ʊ)ˈlar.ɪt.i/ osmolarities n
osmolarité
(chemistry) The osmotic concentration of a solution, normally expressed as osmoles of solute per litre of solution.

osmometric adj
osmométrique

osmometry n
osmométrie
(physics, chemistry) The measurement of osmotic pressure

osmoregulation osmoregulations n
osmorégulation
The homeostatic regulation of osmotic pressure in the body in order to maintain a certain water content (concentration of electrolytes, pH, etc).

osmosis /ɑsˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɑzˈmoʊsɪs/ /ɒsˈməʊsɪs/ /ɒzˈməʊsɪs/ osmoses n
osmose
(chemistry) The net movement of solvent molecules, usually water, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

osmotic /ɑsˈmɑtɪk/ /ɑzˈmɑtɪk/ /ɒsˈmɒtɪk/ /ɒzˈmɒtɪk/ adj
osmotique
Relating to, or powered by, osmosis.

osprey /ˈɑspɹi/ /ˈɒspɹeɪ/ ospreys n
balbuzard pêcheur balbuzard orfraie
A bird of prey (Pandion haliaetus) that feeds on fish and has white underparts and long, narrow wings each ending in four finger-like extensions.

ossein osseins n
osséine

osseous /ˈɒsi.əs/ adj
osseux
Of, relating to, or made of bone; bony.

ossicle /ˈɒsɪkəl/ ossicles n
osselet
(anatomy) A small bone (or bony structure), especially one of the three of the middle ear.

ossicone /ˈɒsɪkəʊn/ ossicones n
ossicône
Either of the horn-like protuberances on the heads of giraffes and male okapi. Some extinct species in the family bore antler-like ossicones.

ossification ossifications n
ossification
The normal process by which bone is formed.

ossify /ˈɑ.sə.faɪ/ /ˈɒs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
ossifier
(ambitransitive) To transform (or cause to transform) from a softer animal substance into bone; particularly the processes of growth in humans and animals.

osso buco /ˌɑsoʊ ˈbukoʊ/ /ˌɒsəʊ ˈbuːkəʊ/ n
osso buco ossobuco
A northern Italian dish of veal shanks and marrowbones braised in white wine, tomatoes, etc., often served with risotto.

ossuary /ˈɒsjʊəɹi/ ossuaries n
ossuaire
A container, receptacle, or building, such as an urn or vault, for holding the bones of the dead.

ostealgia n
ostéalgie
(pathology) Pain coming from one's bone(s).

ostensible /ɑˈstɛns.ɪ.bəl/ /ɒˈstɛns.ɪ.bəl/ more ostensible most ostensible adj
apparent

ostensibly /ɑːˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sə.bli/ /ɒˈstɛn.sɪ.bli/ adv
ostensiblement soi-disant en apparence
(modal) Seemingly, apparently, on the surface.

ostentation /ˌɒstənˈteɪʃən/ ostentations n
ostentation
Ambitious display; vain show; display intended to excite admiration or applause.
spectacle
(obsolete) A show or spectacle.

ostentatious /ˌɒs.tənˈteɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌɒs.tɛnˈteɪ.ʃəs/ more ostentatious most ostentatious adj
ostentatoire
Of ostentation.

osteo- /ɑstioʊ̯/ prefix
ostéo-
bone

osteoarthritis osteoarthritides osteoarthritises n
arthrose
(pathology) A form of arthritis, affecting mainly older people, caused by chronic degeneration of the cartilage and synovial membrane of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.

osteochondrosis /ˌɒstiːəʊkɒnˈdɹəʊsɪs/ osteochondroses n
ostéochondrite ostéochondrose
(pathology) A family of orthopedic diseases of the joint that occur in children and in rapidly growing animals, characterized by interruption of the blood supply of a bone, necrosis, and regrowth.

osteodystrophy osteodystrophies n
ostéodystrophie
(medicine) Any abnormal or defective development of a bone

osteogenesis osteogeneses n
ostéogenèse
(physiology) The formation and development of bone.

osteogenesis imperfecta n
ostéogenèse imparfaite
(pathology) A hereditary disease characterized by brittle bones that easily fracture.

osteological adj
ostéologique
Of or relating to osteology.

osteologist osteologists n
ostéologue
A scientist or physician whose speciality is osteology.

osteology osteologies n
ostéologie
(anatomy) The scientific study of the morphology and pathology of bones.

osteoma osteomas osteomata n
ostéome
(medicine, pathology) A benign bony tumour that typically grows on the skull.

osteomyelitis osteomyelites osteomyelitides osteomyelitises n
ostéomyélite
(pathology) An infection of the bone

osteopath osteopaths n
ostéopathe
(alternative medicine) A non-physician healthcare practitioner who practices osteopathy by manipulating the skeleton and muscles. Not to be confused with Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) (also known as osteopathic physicians) who are full physicians like Doctors of Medicine (M.D.).

osteopathic more osteopathic most osteopathic adj
ostéopathique
of or pertaining to osteopathy or osteopathic medicine

osteopathy osteopathies n
ostéopathie
(alternative medicine) The branch of therapy based on manipulation of bones and muscles.

osteopenia osteopenias n
ostéopénie
The medical condition of having low bone density, but not low enough to be considered osteoporosis.

osteopetrosis osteopetroses n
ostéopétrose
(pathology) A rare hereditary disorder characterized by hard, dense bones.

osteoplasty osteoplasties n
ostéoplastie

osteoporosis /ˌɒstiəʊpəˈɹəʊsɪs/ osteoporoses n
ostéoporose
(pathology) A disease, occurring especially in women following menopause, in which the bones become extremely porous and are subject to fracture.

osteosarcoma osteosarcomas osteosarcomata n
ostéosarcome
A type of cancer of the bone.

ostracism /ˈɒstɹəsɪz(ə)m/ ostracisms n
ostracisme
(historical) In ancient Athens (and some other cities), the temporary banishment by popular vote of a citizen considered dangerous to the state. [from 16th c.]
Temporary exclusion from a community or society.

ostracize /ˈɑstɹəˌsaɪz/ /ˈɒstɹəsaɪz/ v
mettre au ban ostraciser
(by extension) To exclude a person from a community or from society by not communicating with them or by refusing to acknowledge their presence; to refuse to associate with or talk to; to shun. [from mid 17th c.]

ostrich /ˈɑs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɑs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɒs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈɔs.tɹɪt͡ʃ/ ostriches n
autruche
(ornithology) A large flightless bird of the genus Struthio.

ostrich policy ostrich policies n
politique de l'autruche
(idiomatic) The tendency to ignore obvious problems and pretend they do not exist; ostrichism.

ostrich politics n
politique de l'autruche
(derogatory) A style of politics that evades rather than addresses problems; ostrichism.

ostro ostros n
auster marin sirocco
A southerly Mediterranean wind.

otaku /oʊˈtɑku/ /əʊˈtɑːkuː/ [o̞ʊ̯ˈtʰɑkʰu] [əʊ̯ˈtʰɑːkʰuː] otaku otakus n
otaku
(fandom) One with an obsessive interest in something, particularly (originally, _, pejorative) obsessive Japanese fans of anime or manga.

other /ʊðə/ /ˈɐðə/ /ˈʌðə/ /ˈʌðɚ/ [ˈäðə] [ˈɐðə] adj
autre
See other (determiner) below.
(obsolete) Left, as opposed to right.

other /ʊðə/ /ˈɐðə/ /ˈʌðə/ /ˈʌðɚ/ [ˈäðə] [ˈɐðə] determiner
autre
Not the one or ones previously referred to.

other days, other ways proverb
autres temps, autres mœurs
People of the past thought and acted differently.

other half other halves n
moitié
(idiomatic) A spouse.

other than preposition
autre que
(idiomatic) Except, besides.

othering /ˈʌðəɹɪŋ/ /ˈʌðɹɪŋ/ otherings n
altérité
(philosophy, politics) : the process of perceiving or portraying someone or something as essentially alien or different.

otherkin otherkin n
otherkin
A person who claims or believes that their soul, essence, or identity is non-human.

otherness othernesses n
altérité
(uncountable) The quality of being different or distinct.
(countable) The result or product of being different or distinct.

others /ˈʌðəz/ /ˈʌðɚz/ n
autres
Other people.

otherwise /ˈʌð.əˌwaɪz/ /ˈʌð.ɚˌwaɪz/ adj
bien différent tout autre
Other than supposed; different.

otherwise /ˈʌð.əˌwaɪz/ /ˈʌð.ɚˌwaɪz/ adv
autrement différemment non plus ou bien
(manner) Differently, in another way.
autrement sinon sans quoi
(conjunctive) In different circumstances; or else.
pour le reste sinon à part ça
(conjunctive) In all other respects.

otherworldly /ˌʌðɚˈwɝld.li/ more otherworldly most otherworldly adj
[[d']]un autre monde
Of, concerned with, or preoccupied with a different world than that of the tangible here and now, such as a heavenly, spiritual, or imaginary world.

otic /ˈoʊ.tɪk/ /ˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˈəʊ.tɪk/ adj
otique
(anatomy) Of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear.

otiose /ˈoʊ.ti.oʊs/ /ˈoʊ.ʃi.oʊs/ /ˈoʊ.ʃi.əs/ /ˈəʊ.ti.əʊs/ /ˈəʊ.ʃi.əʊs/ more otiose most otiose adj
oisif
Reluctant to work or to exert oneself.
inutile
Having no reason for being (raison d’être); having no point, reason, or purpose.

otitis /oʊˈtaɪ.tɪs/ otitides otitises n
otite
(pathology) Inflammation of the ear.

otographic adj
otographique
(anatomy) Related to otography

otolaryngology /ˌoʊtoʊˌlɛɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌɑtoʊ-/ /ˌəʊtə(ʊ)ˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒi/ n
oto-rhino-laryngologie ORL otorhinolaryngologie
(medicine) The study of diseases of the ear, nose and throat.

otolith otoliths n
otolithe
(zoology) A small particle, comprised mainly of calcium carbonate, found in the inner ear of vertebrates, being part of the balance sense.

otological adj
otologique
Of or pertaining to otology.

otology /oʊˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ otologies n
otologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the ear, its structure, function and pathology.

otorhinolaryngological adj
ORL oto-rhino-laryngologique otorhinolaryngologique
Of or pertaining to otorhinolaryngology.

otorhinolaryngologist /-raɪnə-/ /ˌɑtoʊˌraɪnoʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /ˌɒtə-/ /ˌɒtəʊˌraɪnəʊˌlæɹɪŋˈɡɒləd͡ʒɪst/ otorhinolaryngologists n
otorhinolaryngologiste oto-rhino-laryngologiste ORL
(medicine) A doctor specializing in otorhinolaryngology, the study of the ear, nose, and throat.

otoscope /ˈoʊ̯ɾəskoʊ̯p/ /ˈəʊ̯təskəʊ̯p/ otoscopes n
otoscope
(medicine) An instrument used for examining the eardrum and interior of the outer ear.

otoscopy otoscopies n
otoscopie

ottava rima /oʊˌtɑvə ˈɹimə/ /ɒˌtɑːvə ˈɹiːmə/ ottave rime n
ottava rima
(poetry) An arrangement of stanzas of eight lines in heroic verse, with three rhymes, the first six lines rhyming alternately and the last two forming a couplet (ab ab ab cc).

otter /ˈɑtɚ/ /ˈɒt.ə/ [(ʔ)ɑɾɚ] otters n
loutre
An aquatic or marine carnivorous mammal in the subfamily Lutrinae of the family Mustelidae, which also includes weasels, polecats, badgers, and others.
(gay slang) A hairy man with a slender physique, in contrast with a bear, who is more thickset.

otter civet otter civets n
civette-loutre de Sumatra cynogale de Bennett manpalon
A semi-aquatic civet found in South-East Asis, taxonomic name Cynogale bennettii

ottoman /ˈɑtəmən/ /ˈɒtəmən/ ottomans n
ottomane divan
(furniture) An upholstered sofa, without arms or a back, sometimes with a compartment for storing linen etc.
pouf
(furniture) A low stool or thick cushion used to rest the feet or as a seat.

oubliette /uːbliˈɛt/ oubliettes n
oubliette
A dungeon only accessible by a trapdoor at the top. [from 18th c.]

ouch /ˈaʊt͡ʃ/ interjection
aïe ouille
An expression of one's own physical pain.
aïe
An expression in sympathy at another's pain.
A reply to an insult seen as savage (frequently one that is tongue-in-cheek or joking).

ought /ɑt/ /ɔt/ /ɔːt/ v
devoir
(auxiliary) Indicating duty or obligation.
(auxiliary) Indicating advisability or prudence.
(auxiliary) Indicating desirability.
(auxiliary) Indicating likelihood or probability.

ouguiya /uːˈɡiːjə/ ouguiyas n
ouguiya
The currency of Mauritania, divided into five khoums.

ounce /aʊns/ ounces n
once
An avoirdupois ounce, weighing 1⁄16 of an avoirdupois pound, or 28.3495 grams.

our /æʊ(ə)/ /ɐː/ /ɑɹ/ /ɑː(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈaʊɚ/ [ɑɹ] [ɑ˞] determiner
notre nos
Belonging to us.

ouroboros /uːˈrɒbəˌrɒs/ /ˌuːrəˈbɒrəs/ ouroboroi ouroboroses n
ouroboros
(mythological creature) A serpent, dragon or worm that eats its own tail, a representation of the continuous cycle of life and death.

ours /ɑɹz/ /ɑːz/ /ˈaʊəz/ /ˈaʊɚz/ pronoun
nôtre nôtres
That which belongs to us; the possessive case of we, used without a following noun.

ourself /aʊə(ɹ)ˈsɛlf/ /ɑː(ɹ)ˈsɛlf/ pronoun
nous-même
(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive of the royal or editorial we: myself (as used by a monarch, writer or speaker who is referring to themself as we).

ourselves /aʊəˈsɛlvz/ /aʊɚˈsɛlvz/ /ɑɹˈsɛlvz/ /ɑːˈsɛlvz/ pronoun
nous-mêmes

oust /aʊst/ /ʌʊst/ v
expulser
(transitive) To expel; to remove.

ouster /aʊstə/ /aʊstəɹ/ ousters n
limogeage
(now, _, chiefly, _, US) Specifically, the forceful removal of a politician or regime from power; coup.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ adj
out sorti du placard
(LGBT) Openly acknowledging that one is LGBT+ (gay, trans, etc).
disponible sorti
Released, available for purchase, download or other use.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ adv
dehors hors
Away from the inside, centre or other point of reference.
dehors à l'extérieur
Away from home or one's usual place.
hors loin
Away from; at a distance.
éteint
Into a state of non-operation or non-existence.
à fond
To the end; completely.
Used to intensify or emphasize.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ interjection
dehors ouste
(procedure word, especially, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and does not expect a response.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ outs n
issue sortie
A means of exit, escape, reprieve, etc.
retrait
(baseball) A state in which a member of the batting team is removed from play due to the application of various rules of the game such as striking out, hitting a fly ball which is caught by the fielding team before bouncing, etc.

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ preposition
hors

out /aʊt/ /æɔt/ /æʊt/ /ɘʉt/ /ʌʊt/ v
outer sortir du placard
(intransitive) To come or go out; to get out or away; to become public, revealed, or apparent.
divulguer démasquer dévoiler révéler
(transitive) To reveal (a person or organization) as having a certain secret, such as a being a secret agent or undercover detective.

out loud adv
à voix haute à haute voix
(idiomatic) Using the voice; not silently; aloud.

out of /ˈaʊt əv/ /ˈaʊtə/ adv
hors de par sur à court de
(often, informal) expression of how distant a person or an object is.

out of breath
essoufflé hors d'haleine à bout de souffle
Breathing with difficulty, in particular due to physical activity.

out of character
inhabituel de la part de [[quelqu'un]] qui ne correspond pas à [[quelqu'un]]
(idiomatic) Inconsistent with someone's personality, disposition, or usual expected behaviour.

out of context more out of context most out of context adv
hors contexte
Without context that may be needed for understanding the original meaning.

out of control
hors de contrôle
Not under control.

out of date
démodé dépassé
(idiomatic) Too old to be used; not current; invalid; outmoded.
démodé
(idiomatic) Not conforming to the current fashion or style; old-fashioned.

out of fashion
passé de mode
Unfashionable, not in fashion.

out of hand more out of hand most out of hand adj
hors de contrôle
Not under control.

out of nowhere
de nulle part
(idiomatic) In an unexpected or inexplicable manner of arrival or occurrence.

out of one's depth adj
avoir pied
(literally) In water so deep that one cannot stand and may be at risk of drowning.

out of one's league
au-dessus de ses moyens
Too good or too expensive for one.

out of one's own pocket
payer de sa poche
(figuratively) Using one's own funds.

out of order
déclassé
(idiom) Out of normal sequence.
en panne hors-service
(idiomatic) Not functioning properly.

out of place /ˌaʊtə-/ /ˌaʊt‿əv ˈpleɪs/
déplacé
Not in the proper arrangement or situation.

out of print
épuisé
(publishing) Not available from the publisher (of a printed work, especially a book, or a music release).

out of proportion
disproportionné hors de proportion

out of reach
hors d'atteinte hors de portée
Outside the distance to which someone can stretch out their hand.

out of service
H.S. hors-service
Not available for use.

out of sight, out of mind proverb
loin des yeux, loin du cœur
When something is not nearby, it is forgotten about.

out of step
en décalage
Not matching the movement of one's feet with that of others, or with an accompanying beat, while marching or walking.
(figurative) Not matching or in agreement (with someone or something).

out of stock
en rupture de stock
(business) Synonym of sold out: temporarily unable to sell an item because no more are in inventory; unavailable because the usual stock in inventory has all been sold.

out of the blue /aʊt ɒv ðə bluː/
comme un cheveu sur la soupe comme un chien dans un jeu de quilles de nulle part
(idiomatic) unexpectedly; without warning or preparation.

out of the box /aʊt əv ðə bɑːks/ /aʊt əv ðə bɒks/ /æɔt əv ðə bɒks/ /æʊt əv ðə bɒks/ /ɘʉt əv ðə bɒks/ /ʌʊt əv ðə bɑːks/
au déballage
(idiomatic, of a product) Immediately, without intervention from the customer.

out of the corner of one's eye
du coin de l'œil
(of a look or glance) Sideways, obliquely, askance

out of the frying pan, into the fire
de Charybde en Scylla
(idiomatic) Move or get from an already bad situation to a worse one; end up in a worse situation when trying to escape from a bad or difficult one.

out of the loop
hors du coup

out of the mouths of babes proverb
la vérité sort de la bouche des enfants
From the comments of children, who are honest and innocent, . . . (comes truth or wisdom).

out of the ordinary
hors du commun
(idiomatic) Unusual or exceptional, especially for the better (often used in the negative).

out of the question more out of the question most out of the question adj
exclu hors de question pas question
(idiomatic) Not remotely possible.

out of the woods
hors de danger ne pas être sorti de l'auberge sorti d'affaire tiré d'affaire
(idiom) Out of peril; likely to recover or prevail over trouble; finished with the worst or most threatening part of a problem or illness.

out of thin air adv
de nulle part
(idiomatic) From nowhere or nothing; from a non-existent or unknown source.

out of this world adj
divin extraordinaire
(idiomatic, informal) Of exceptionally high quality; wonderful; marvelous.

out of touch more out of touch most out of touch adj
déconnecté hors-sol
(idiomatic) No longer conversant with something, especially facts, reality, or the world; not aware or realistic.

out of tune
faux
Not in the correct musical pitch.

out of turn
anticipé avant son tour avec priorité de faveur exceptionnellement hors série
When it is not one's turn.

out of use
désuet hors d'usage tombé en désuétude

out of wedlock
hors mariage
(idiom) Of parents not legally married.

out-of-band adj
horsbande
(telecommunications, by extension) Relating to communication on a different channel, or by a different method, from that of the primary communication channel.
(computer security) Relating to communication, such as identity verification, via a method other than the primary means of accessing the software.

out-of-court adj
à l'amiable
(legal) Without resorting to formal legal action.

outage /ˈaʊt.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈaʊt.ɪd͡ʒ/ outages n
interruption panne
A temporary suspension of operation, especially of electrical power supply.
perte de marchandise
The amount of something lost in storage or transportation.

outback outbacks n
outback
(Australia) The most remote and desolate areas of Australia; the desert and areas too arid for growing crops.

outbid /aʊtˈbɪd/ v
surenchérir
(transitive) To bid more than (somebody else) in an auction.

outboard motor outboard motors n
moteur hors-bord hors-bord
A detachable and pivotable propulsion unit fitted over the transom of a boat, comprising an engine that drives a propeller.

outbounds n
confins
The farthest or exterior bounds; outer limits.

outbox /aʊtˈbɑks/ /aʊtˈbɒks/ /ˈaʊtbɑks/ /ˈaʊtbɒks/ outboxes n
boîte d'envoi
(computing) An electronic folder serving the same purpose, for electronic mail.

outbreak /ˈaʊtbɹeɪk/ outbreaks n
apparition déclenchement éruption
An eruption; the sudden appearance of a rash, disease, etc.
explosion
A sudden increase.
explosion éruption
(figurative) An outburst or sudden eruption, especially of violence and mischief.

outbuilding /ˈaʊtˌbɪl.dɪŋ/ outbuildings n
dépendance cabanon
A building, such as a barn, shed, or garage, that is separate from, but associated with some main building

outburst /ˈaʊtˌbɜːst/ /ˈaʊtˌbɝst/ /ˌaʊtˈbɜːst/ /ˌaʊtˈbɝst/ outbursts n
transport
a sudden, often violent expression of emotion or activity.

outcast /aʊtˈkæst/ /aʊtˈkɑːst/ /ˈaʊtkæst/ /ˈaʊtkɑːst/ outcasts n
paria proscrit proscrite
One that has been excluded from a society or system, a pariah, a leper. [from 14th c.]

outclass /aʊtˈklæs/ /aʊtˈklɑːs/ v
surclasser
(transitive) to surpass something or somebody else, so as to appear to be in a higher class

outcome /ˈaʊtkʌm/ outcomes n
issue résultat dénouement
(chiefly, sport) The scoreline; the result.

outcrop /ˈaʊt.kɹɑp/ outcrops n
affleurement
A coming out of bedrock or of an unconsolidated deposit to the surface of the ground.
The part of a rock formation that appears at the surface of the ground.

outcry /aʊtˈkɹaɪ/ /ˈaʊtkɹaɪ/ outcries n
levée de boucliers tollé
(figuratively) A strong protest.

outdated /aʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ more outdated most outdated adj
dépassé daté obsolète périmé suranné vieilli
Out of date, old-fashioned, antiquated.

outdo /aʊtˈdu/ v
surpasser
(transitive) To excel; go beyond in performance; surpass.

outdoor /ˌaʊtˈdɔː/ adj
de plein air d’extérieur en plein air
Situated in, designed to be used in, or carried on in the open air. [from 18th c.]

outdoors /aʊtˈdɔː(ɹ)z/ adv
dehors en plein air à l'extérieur
Not inside a house or under covered structure; unprotected; in the open air.

outdoors /aʊtˈdɔː(ɹ)z/ n
dehors
(often preceded by "the") The environment outside of enclosed structures.

outer /ˈaʊtə/ /ˈaʊtɚ/ [ˈaʊɾɚ] outermore outermost adj
externe extérieur
Outside; external.

outer class outer classes n
classe externe
(object-oriented) A class that contains an inner class.

outer ear outer ears n
oreille externe
(anatomy) The outer portion of the ear which includes the auricle and the ear canal and leads to the eardrum.

outer planet outer planets n
planète externe
(astronomy) Any planet of the Solar System whose orbit is located beyond the asteroid belt, i.e., any of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, or Neptune.

outer space /ˌaʊtə ˈspeɪs/ /ˌaʊtɚ ˈspeɪs/ [ˌaʊ̯tə ˈspɛɪ̯s] [ˌaʊ̯ɾɚ ˈspeɪ̯s] n
cosmos espace cosmique
Region outside explored space.

outfielder outfielders n
voltigeur
(cricket, baseball) A player that plays in the outfield, which is the outer portion of the field.

outfit /ˈaʊtfɪt/ outfits n
tenue complet costume
A set of clothing (with accessories).
nécessaire
Gear consisting of a set of articles or tools for a specified purpose.
maison
(informal) A business or firm.

outfitter outfitters n
confectionneur
A person or shop that sells specialized clothes and equipment.
pourvoirie
A business that provides services for outdoor activities including accommodations.

outflow outflows n
sortie
The process of flowing out.

outgassing outgassings n
dégazage
The slow release of gas from a solid or liquid; especially, the release of gases into the atmosphere of a planet, or the release of gases from plastic parts.

outgrow /ˌaʊtˈɡɹəʊ/ /ˌɑʊtˈɡɹoʊ/ v
dépasser
(transitive, often, figurative) To become too big in size or too mature in age or outlook to continue to want, need, use, experience, or accept some object, practice, condition, belief, etc.

outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ outings n
excursion randonnée
A pleasure trip or excursion.
outing
The practice of publicly revealing that a person is homosexual or transgender without that person's consent.

outlandish /aʊ̯tˈlændɪʃ/ more outlandish most outlandish adj
bizarre insolite étrange
Bizarre; strange.

outlast /ˌaʊtˈlæst/ /ˌaʊtˈlɑːst/ v
durer perdurer survivre
(transitive) To live, last or remain longer than.

outlaw /ˈaʊt.lɑ/ /ˈaʊt.lɔ/ /ˈaʊt.lɔː/ /ˈæɔt.loː/ outlaws n
hors-la-loi
A fugitive from the law.

outlay /aʊtˈleɪ/ /ˈaʊtleɪ/ outlays n
dépense
The spending of money, or an expenditure.

outlay /aʊtˈleɪ/ /ˈaʊtleɪ/ v
dépenser
(transitive) To spend, or distribute money.

outlet /ˈaʊtlɛt/ /ˈaʊtlɪt/ outlets n
conduit
A vent or similar passage to allow the escape of something.
exutoire issue
Something which allows for the release of one's desires.
dérivatif exutoire
A river that runs out of a lake.
franchise magasin d’usine
A shop that sells the products of a particular manufacturer or supplier.

outlier /ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌʊtˌlaɪɚ/ outliers n
cas isolé exception
A person or thing situated away from the main body or outside its proper place.
butte-témoin lambeau érosion
(geology) A part of a formation separated from the rest of the formation by erosion.
donnée aberrante anormale extrême valeur
(statistics) A value in a statistical sample which does not fit a pattern that describes most other data points; specifically, a value that lies 1.5 IQR beyond the upper or lower quartile.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ outlines n
contour
A line marking the boundary of an object figure.
silhouette
The outer shape of an object or figure.
esquisse
A sketch or drawing in which objects are delineated in contours without shading.
aperçu
A general description of some subject.
résumé
A statement summarizing the important points of a text.
ébauche
A preliminary plan for a project.
synopsis ébauche
(film) A prose telling of a story intended to be turned into a screenplay; generally longer and more detailed than a treatment.

outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ v
esquisser résumer
entourer
(transitive) To draw an outline of.

outlive /aʊtˈlɪv/ v
survivre
(transitive) To live longer than; continue to live after the death of; overlive; survive.

outlook /ˈaʊtˌlʊk/ /ˌaʊtˈlʊk/ outlooks n
vue
The view from such a place.
point de vue
An attitude or point of view.

outmoded more outmoded most outmoded adj
démodé
Unfashionable.
démodé dépassé
Obsolete.

outpatient adj
ambulatoire
(healthcare) Provided without requiring an overnight stay by the patient.

outpatient outpatients n
patient ambulatoire
(healthcare) A patient who receives treatment at a hospital or clinic but is not admitted overnight; a receiver of ambulatory care.

outpost /ˈaʊtˌpoʊst/ outposts n
avant-poste poste avancé
A military post stationed at a distance from the main body of troops.

outpouring outpourings n
déversement
The sudden outward flowing of a large amount of something.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ outputs n
sortie
(computing) Data sent out of the computer, as to output device such as a monitor or printer, or data sent from one program on the computer to another.

output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ v
produire
(economics) To produce, create, or complete.
exporter
(computing) To send data out of a computer, as to an output device such as a monitor or printer, or to send data from one program on the computer to another.

outrage /ˈaʊt.ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈaʊt.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ outrages n
outrage
offense
An offensive, immoral or indecent act.
indignation colère rage
The resentful, indignant, or shocked anger aroused by such acts.

outrage /ˈaʊt.ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈaʊt.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
indigner
(transitive) To cause or commit an outrage upon; to treat with violence or abuse.

outrageous /aʊtˈɹeɪdʒəs/ more outrageous most outrageous adj
outrageant scandaleux
Shocking; exceeding conventional behaviour; provocative. [from 18th c.]

outrageously more outrageously most outrageously adv
scandaleusement outrageusement

outreach /aʊtˈɹiːtʃ/ /ˈaʊtɹiːtʃ/ outreaches n
atteinte
The act of reaching out.
portée étendue
The extent or length of one's reach.

outreach /aʊtˈɹiːtʃ/ /ˈaʊtɹiːtʃ/ v
sensibiliser
dépasser
(transitive) To reach further than.
(transitive) To surpass or exceed.

outrigger /ˈaʊtˌɹɪɡə/ /ˈaʊtˌɹɪɡɚ/ outriggers n
bôme tangon
(nautical) Any of various projecting beams or spars that provide support for a sailing ship's mast.
balancier
(nautical) A long thin timber, pontoon, or other float attached parallel to a canoe or boat by projecting struts as a means of preventing tipping or capsizing.
pirogue à balancier
(rowing) An outrigger canoe or boat.
porte-en-dehors porte-nage
(nautical) An iron bracket or brace for an oarlock projecting from the side of a rowing boat.

outrigger canoe outrigger canoes n
pirogue à balancier
A seagoing canoe having one or more lateral support floats to provide stability.

outright /aʊtˈɹaɪt/ /ˈaʊtɹaɪt/ adv
complètement
Wholly, completely and entirely.
ouvertement
Openly and without reservation.
immédiatement
At once.

outrun /ˈaʊtɹʌn/ v
dépasser
distancer prendre de [[l']]avance sur prendre de vitesse semer
(transitive) To run faster than.

outset /ˈaʊtsɛt/ outsets n
début
Onset; the beginning or initial stage of something. [from 1759]

outshine /aʊtˈʃaɪn/ v
dépasser
To exceed something or someone else, especially in an obvious or flamboyant manner

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ more outside most outside adj
extérieur
Of or pertaining to the outer surface, limit or boundary.
externe extérieur
Of, pertaining to or originating from beyond the outer surface, limit or boundary.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ more outside most outside adv
en dehors
dehors hors
To or in the outdoors or outside; to or in an area that is beyond the scope, limits, or borders of a given place.
dehors
Outdoors.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ outsides n
extérieur
The part of something that faces out; the outer surface.
The space beyond some limit or boundary.
The side of a curved road, racetrack etc. that has the longer arc length; the side of a racetrack furthest from the interior of the course or some other point of reference.

outside /aʊtˈsaɪd/ /ˈaʊt.saɪd/ preposition
hors de dehors
On the outside of, not inside (something, such as a building).

outside the box
en dehors des clous hors des sentiers battus
(idiomatic) Beyond the bounds of convention.

outside world outside worlds n
monde extérieur
(idiomatic) The rest of the world outside of some closed, restricted, or remote environment.

outsider /ˌaʊtˈsaɪdəɹ/ outsiders n
tiers exclu
One who is not part of a community or organization.
inconnu nouveau venu étranger
A newcomer with little or no experience in an organization or community.
outsider inconnu nouveau venu étranger
A competitor or contestant who has little chance of winning; a long shot.

outsider art n
art brut
(art) Art by untrained artists, outside of the institutional mainstream.

outskirt /ˈaʊtskɜːt/ /ˈaʊtskɝt/ outskirts n
banlieue
A more remote part of a town or city; the periphery, environs; a suburb.

outskirts /ˈaʊtskɜːts/ /ˈaʊtskɝts/ n
banlieue
The area surrounding a city or town; suburb.

outsmart /aʊtˈsmɑː(ɹ)t/ v
se montrer plus malin que être plus malin que
(transitive) To beat in a competition of wits.

outsource /ˈaʊtˌsoɹs/ v
sous-traiter externaliser
(chiefly, US, business, management) To transfer the management and/or day-to-day execution of a business function to a third-party service provider.

outsourcing /ˈaʊtˌsɔː(ɹ).sɪŋ/ outsourcings n
externalisation sous-traitance outsourcing impartition
The transfer of a business function to an external service provider.

outspoken more outspoken most outspoken adj
franc
Speaking, or spoken, freely, openly, or boldly; vocal; frank.

outstanding more outstanding most outstanding adj
exceptionnel remarquable
Prominent or noticeable; standing out from others.
exceptionnel hors pair remarquable
Exceptionally good; distinguished from others by its superiority.
saillant
Projecting outwards.
en suspens
Unresolved; not settled or finished.
débiteur
Owed as a debt.

outstandingly more outstandingly most outstandingly adv
remarquablement
In an outstanding manner.

outstrip /ˌaʊtˈstɹɪp/ v
devancer
To move more quickly than (someone or something) so as to outrun or leave it behind.
(figuratively) To exceed or surpass (someone or something).

outtake /ˈaʊtˌteɪk/ outtakes n
bêtisier scène coupée
A portion of a recording (a take) that is not included in the final version of a film or a musical album, often because it contains a mistake.

outward /ˈaʊt.wəd/ /ˈaʊt.wɚd/ more outward most outward adj
externe
outer; located towards the outside

outward /ˈaʊt.wəd/ /ˈaʊt.wɚd/ more outward most outward adv
extérieur
Towards the outside; away from the centre. [from 10th c.]

outwardly /ˈaʊtwədli/ /ˈaʊtwɚdli/ adv
extérieurement
Externally or on the outside, or on the surface.

outwit /aʊtˈwɪt/ v
être
(transitive) To get the better of; to outsmart, to beat in a competition of wits.

outwith /aʊtˈwɪð/ /aʊtˈwɪθ/ preposition
hors
(now, chiefly, Scotland) Outside; beyond; outside of. [from 12th c.]

ouvrierism n
ouvrierisme
(communism) The glorification of manual laborers, often in opposition to the leadership of labor or socialist movements.

ouzo /ˈuːzəʊ/ ouzos n
ouzo
(countable) A serving of this drink.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ more oval most oval adj
ovale
Having the shape of an oval.

oval /ˈoʊvəl/ /ˈəʊvəl/ ovals n
ovale
An elongated round shape resembling an egg or ellipse.

ovarian /oʊˈvɛɹi.ən/ adj
ovarien
(medicine) Relating to the ovaries.

ovary /ˈoʊvəɹi/ /ˈəʊvəɹi/ ovaries n
ovaire
(anatomy) A female reproductive organ, often paired, that produces ova and in mammals secretes the hormones estrogen and progesterone.

ovation /oʊˈveɪ.ʃən/ /əʉˈvæɪ.ʃn̩/ [oʊˈveɪ.ʃn̩] [ə(ʊ)ˈveɪ.ʃn̩] ovations n
ovation
(by extension) Prolonged enthusiastic applause.

oven /ˈʌ.vn̩/ /ˈʌv.ən/ ovens n
four
A chamber used for baking or heating.

oven glove oven gloves n
gant de four manique
A heatproof glove designed to carry hot things to or from an oven.

ovenbird ovenbirds n
paruline couronnée
An American warbler, Seiurus aurocapilla, that builds such a nest of vegetation.

ovenproof adj
allant au four
(of a dish) Suitable for use in an oven, without being damaged by the heat.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ adj
fini terminé
Discontinued; ended or concluded.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ adv
parlez à vous
From one side of something to another, passing above it.
encore re-
(US, usually, with do) Again; another time; once more; over again.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ interjection
terminé à vous
(procedure word, military) A radio procedure word meaning that the station is finished with its transmission and is expecting a response.

over /ˈoʊ.vɚ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)/ preposition
au dessus de
au-delà
Across or spanning.
sur
On top of; above; higher than; further up.
(mathematics) Divided by.

over and above adv
en sus
Supplementarily.

over and above preposition
en sus de
in addition to, supplementary to

over and out interjection
terminé
(procedure word, idiomatic) Used in films and TV to signal the end of a conversation, especially one conducted by CB radio or the like.

over and over adv
continuellement encore et encore inlassablement maintes fois plusieurs fois sans arrêt
Repeatedly; again and again; many times.

over easy
tourné
(US) Of an egg prepared as food, fried on one side until most of the whites have cooked, then lightly fried on the other to finish cooking the whites, leaving the yolk unbroken and slightly soft (runny).

over here adv
ici par ici
in this place

over my dead body
il faudra me passer sur le corps jamais de la vie moi vivant, jamais pas de mon vivant plutôt mourir
(idiomatic, usually, hyperbole) Under no circumstances; absolutely not.

over the moon
ravi
(idiomatic) Delighted, thrilled.

over there adv
là-bas là
In that place; there (at some distance).

over time
avec le temps
Occuring gradually, as the time passes.

over- /ˈoʊ̯.vɚ/ /ˈoː.bʱə(ɾ)/ /ˈɐʉ̯.və/ /ˈəʊ̯.və/ /ˈəʊ̯.vəɹ/ [ˈo̝.vər] [ˈɐʉ̯vɐ] [ˈəʊ̯və] [ˈʌ̝ʊvɚ] prefix
sur-
Above, or higher.

over-the-counter adj
en vente libre
(pharmacology, of medicine and other treatments) Legal for sale or distribution without the requirement of a prescription.
de gré à gré
(finance) Involving direct interaction between two parties without an intermediary. Thus, denotes any market where items such as stocks or currency are bought and sold by direct arrangement between counterparties, or through a private broker, rather than on a public stock exchange or other exchange.

overabundance overabundances n
surabondance

overall /ˈoʊvɚɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚɔl/ /ˈəʊvəɹɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɔl/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɔːl/ more overall most overall adj
global total
All-encompassing, all around.

overall /ˈoʊvɚɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚɔl/ /ˈəʊvəɹɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɔl/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɔːl/ adv
en général
Generally; with everything considered.

overall /ˈoʊvɚɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚɔl/ /ˈəʊvəɹɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈɔl/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɔːl/ overalls n
salopette combinaison blouse
(British) A garment worn over other clothing to protect it; a coverall or boiler suit. A garment, for manual labor or for casual wear, often made of a single piece of fabric, with long legs and a bib upper, supported from the shoulders with straps, and having several large pockets and loops for carrying tools.

overalls /ˈoʊvəɹɔːlz/ /ˈɐʉv(ə)ɹəlz/ n
combinaison
(outside, North America) A loose-fitting garment worn over regular clothes to protect them.
salopette
(US, Canada, Australia) Loose-fitting pants with supporting cross-straps and a panel of material in the chest (called a bib), often associated with farm work.

overbearing more overbearing most overbearing adj
despotique dominateur
Overly bossy, domineering, or arrogant.

overbidder overbidders n
surenchérisseur surenchérisseuse
One who overbids.

overboard /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌbɔː(ɹ)d/ adv
par-dessus bord
Over the edge; especially, off or outside of a boat.

overbook v
overbooker
(transitive) To sell or guarantee more seats for (an event) than actually exist.

overbooking overbookings n
surréservation
An instance of selling or guaranteeing more seats than are available.

overcapitalize v
surcapitaliser
(transitive) to capitalize a business beyond a sustainable level

overcast /ˈoʊvɚ.kæst/ /ˈəʊvəˌkɑːst/ /ˌoʊvɚˈkæst/ /ˌəʊvəˈkɑːst/ more overcast most overcast adj
couvert nuageux
Covered with clouds; overshadowed; darkened; (meteorology) more than 90% covered by clouds.

overcharge v
surcharger
(ambitransitive) To charge (somebody) more money than the correct amount or to surpass a certain limit while charging a bill.
survolter
(transitive) To continue to charge (an electrical device) beyond its capacity.

overcoat /ˈoʊvɚkoʊt/ /ˈəʊvəkəʊt/ overcoats n
pardessus manteau
A heavy garment worn over other clothes, for protection from cold or weather.

overcome /ˌoʊvɚˈkʌm/ /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v
envahir
surmonter vaincre
(transitive) To surmount (a physical or abstract obstacle); to prevail over, to get the better of.

overcompensate v
surcompenser
(intransitive) To do an excessive amount in one area in an effort to overcome a perceived lack in another area.

overconfident /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ more overconfident most overconfident adj
outrecuidant présomptueux
Too confident.
arrogant condescendant présomptueux sec
Presumptuous, cocksure, rude and disrespectful.

overconsumption n
surconsommation

overcook /oʊ.vɚ.kʊk/ v
surcuire
(transitive) To cook for too long or at too high a temperature.

overcooked more overcooked most overcooked adj
trop cuit
Made unpalatable or inedible by cooking for too long.

overcrowded more overcrowded most overcrowded adj
bondé surchargé surfréquenté surpeuplé
Containing too many occupants for an area of its size.

overcrowding overcrowdings n
surfréquentation
The situation where a space holds more occupants than it can comfortably accommodate.

overdetermined more overdetermined most overdetermined adj
surdéterminé
(linear algebra, of a system of linear equations) Having more equations than variables.

overdo /ˌoʊvɚˈdu/ /ˌəʊvəˈduː/ v
en faire trop trop cuire
To give (someone or something) too much work; to require too much effort or strength of (someone); to use up too much of (something).

overdose /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdəʊs/ overdoses n
surdose overdose surdosage
An excessive and dangerous dose of a drug.

overdose /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdəʊs/ v
surdoser
(transitive) To dose to excess; to give an overdose, or too many doses, to.

overdraft /ˈoʊvɚdɹæft/ /ˈəʊvədɹɑːft/ overdrafts n
découvert
(uncountable) The act of overdrawing a bank account.
(countable) The amount overdrawn.

overdramatic more overdramatic most overdramatic adj
mélodramatique
Dramatic to excess.

overdrive /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌdɹaɪv/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈdɹaɪv/ overdrives n
surmultipliée
(dated, automotive) A gear, on an automobile, higher than the normal top gear.
surmenage surrégime
(uncountable, figurative) A state of heightened activity.

overdue /ˌoʊ.vəɹˈdu/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈdju/ more overdue most overdue adj
en retard
Late; especially, past a deadline or too late to fulfill a need.

overeat /ˌoʊvɚˈit/ v
suralimenter trop manger
(ambitransitive) To eat too much of.

overestimate /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmeɪt/ /ˌəʊvəɹˈɛstɪmət/ v
surestimer
To judge or calculate too highly.

overexploitation n
surexploitation
Excessive and damaging exploitation.

overexpose v
surexposer
(photography) To expose (film) to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.

overexposed more overexposed most overexposed adj
surexposé
Exposed too much, especially of film or a photograph.

overexposure overexposures n
surexposition
(photography) Exposure of film to light during the development process for a longer time than is required to accurately produce the image.

overfeed v
suralimenter
(transitive) To feed a person or animal too much.

overfishing overfishings n
surpêche
Fishing that reduces the stock of remaining fish in an area to below that which is acceptable.

overfit v
surinterpréter
(statistics) To use a statistical model that has too many parameters relative to the size of the sample leading to a good fit with the sample data but a poor fit with new data.

overfitting overfittings n
surajustement surapprentissage
(statistics) The action of the verb overfit.

overflow /ˈoʊvɚˌfloʊ/ /ˈəʊvəˌfləʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈfloʊ/ /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ overflows n
débordement
The spillage resultant from overflow; excess.

overflow /ˈoʊvɚˌfloʊ/ /ˈəʊvəˌfləʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈfloʊ/ /ˌəʊvəˈfləʊ/ v
s'épancher transborder
déborder
(transitive) To flow over the brim of (a container).
(intransitive) To flow over the edge of a container.
(computing, ambitransitive) To (cause to) exceed the available numeric range.

overflow hole overflow holes n
trop-plein
The hole in a sink that prevents it overflowing by diverting excess water to the drain.

overflow pool overflow pools n
piscine à débordement
A type of swimming pool or reflecting pool that has at least one edge over which water overflows, creating a dramatic visual effect.

overfly v
survoler
To fly over something.

overhand knot overhand knots n
nœud d'arrêt
A particular very simple knot, used e.g. to prevent the end of a rope from unraveling, and as part of other knots.

overhang /əʊvəˈhaŋ/ /ˈoʊvəɹˌhæŋ/ /ˈəʊvəhaŋ/ overhangs n
surplomb
Anything that overhangs or protrudes over its base, such as a wave immediately before breaking, or a protruding cliff or rock wall.

overhang /əʊvəˈhaŋ/ /ˈoʊvəɹˌhæŋ/ /ˈəʊvəhaŋ/ v
surplomber
(transitive) To hang over (something).

overhated more overhated most overhated adj
surdétesté
Given an excessive amount of hate; getting more hate than it deserves.

overhaul /ˈoʊvɚˌhɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌhɔl/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɔl/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/ overhauls n
remise à neuf révision
A major repair, renovation, or revision.

overhaul /ˈoʊvɚˌhɑl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌhɔl/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɔːl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɑl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɔl/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɔːl/ v
rénover
To modernize, repair, renovate, or revise completely.

overhead /ˈoʊvɚˌhɛd/ /ˈəʊvəˌhɛd/ /ˌoʊvɚˈhɛd/ /ˌəʊvəˈhɛd/ overheads n
frais généraux
(uncountable, business, accounting) The expense of a business not directly assigned to goods or services provided.

overhead kick overhead kicks n
retourné retourné acrobatique
(soccer) A kick where the ball travels over the player's head.

overhead projector overhead projectors n
rétroprojecteur
A projector that projects an image over the heads of the viewers onto a screen in front of them.

overheat /ˌoʊvɚˈhit/ /ˌəʊvəˈhiːt/ v
échauffer
surchauffer
(transitive) To heat excessively.

overheating overheatings n
surchauffe
A situation where something is overheated.

overhunting n
surchasse
Hunting at unsustainable levels.

overjoyed /ˌoʊvɚˈd͡ʒɔɪd/ /ˌəʊvəˈd͡ʒɔɪd/ more overjoyed most overjoyed adj
enchanté ravi
Very happy.

overkill /ˈoʊ.vɚˌkɪl/ /ˈoʊvɚˌkɪl/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌkɪl/ /ˌoʊvɚˈkɪl/ /ˌəʊvəˈkɪl/ n
excès surpuissance
(by extension) An unnecessary excess of whatever is needed to achieve a goal.
(manufacturing) An unnecessary excess of disposal because of too high criteria of inspection.

overlap /ˈoʊvɚˌlæp/ /ˈəʊvəˌlæp/ /ˌoʊvɚˈlæp/ /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ overlaps n
chevauchement
Something that overlaps or is overlapped

overlap /ˈoʊvɚˌlæp/ /ˈəʊvəˌlæp/ /ˌoʊvɚˈlæp/ /ˌəʊvəˈlæp/ v
chevaucher
To extend over and partly cover something.
chevaucher se chevaucher
To have an area, range, character or function in common.
se chevaucher
(mathematics) Of sets: to have some elements in common.

overlapping more overlapping most overlapping adj
chevauchant recouvrant

overlapping overlappings n
chevauchement
The situation in which things overlap.

overlearn /əʊvəˈləːn/ v
sur-apprendre surapprendre
To learn (something) more than is necessary; to study excessively, to take (something) too much to heart.

overliquidity n
surliquidité

overload /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌləʊd/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈləʊd/ overloads n
surcharge
An excessive load.

overload /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌləʊd/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈləʊd/ v
surcharger
(transitive, object-oriented) To create different functions for the same name, to be used in different contexts.
(intransitive) To fail due to excessive load.

overloading /ˈoʊ.vɚloʊ.diŋ/ /ˈəʊ.və(ɹ)ləʊdɪŋ/ overloadings n
surcharge
(object-oriented) A type of polymorphism, where different functions, operators or variables with the same name are invoked based on the data types of the parameters passed.
The loading of a vehicle etc. with too heavy a weight.

overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌlʊk/ /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ overlooks n
panorama vue
A vista or point that gives a view down toward something else.

overlook /ˈoʊ.vɚˌlʊk/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌlʊk/ /ˌoʊ.vɚˈlʊk/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/ v
donner sur
surplomber
To offer a view (of something) from a higher position.
négliger louper
To fail to notice; to look over and beyond (anything) without seeing it.
passer outre
To pretend not to have noticed (something, especially a mistake or flaw); to pass over (something) without censure or punishment.
superviser surveiller
(archaic) To supervise, oversee; to watch over.
(archaic) To inspect (something); to examine; to look over carefully or repeatedly.
négliger prendre à la légère
(archaic) To look upon with an evil eye; to bewitch by looking upon; to fascinate.

overlooked more overlooked most overlooked adj
négligé sous-estimé
Missed, unnoticed.

overly adv
trop excessivement
(sometimes, proscribed) To an excessive degree.

overmortality overmortalities n
surmortalité
Excessive (more than expected) mortality

overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ adj
nocturne
Occurring between dusk and dawn.
Complete before the next morning.
For which participants stay overnight.

overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ adv
du jour au lendemain
(figurative) In a very short (but unspecified) amount of time.

overnight /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈnaɪt/ overnights n
nuitée
An overnight stay, especially in a hotel or other lodging facility.

overnutrition /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)njuːˈtɹɪʃən/ n
suralimentation
A form of malnutrition in which nutrients are oversupplied relative to the amounts required for normal growth, development, and metabolism

overpass /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpæs/ /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈpɑːs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pæs/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)pɑːs/ overpasses n
autopont pont autoroutier
A section of a road or path that crosses over an obstacle, especially another road, railway, etc.

overpay /oʊ.vɚ.peɪ/ v
surpayer
(ambitransitive) To pay too much.

overpayment overpayments n
surpaye trop-perçu
Payment exceeding the amount actually due.

overplay v
exagérer surestimer

overpopulate v
surpeupler
To fill with too many individuals; to exceed the capacity of a region to contain the population.

overpopulated /ˌoʊvɚˈpɑpjə(ˌ)leɪtɪd/ more overpopulated most overpopulated adj
surpeuplé
Having or consisting of a higher population than can be sustained.

overpopulation /ˈoʊvɚ-/ /ˌoʊvɚˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃn̩/ overpopulations n
surpopulation surpeuplement
(biology, demography) An excessive number of occupants (people, animals, plants, etc.) in a particular area; specifically, when the number of occupants exceeds the ability of that area to provide for them.

overpower /oʊ.vɚˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /əʊvəˈpaʊə/ v
soumettre
(transitive) To subdue someone by superior force.

overpriced more overpriced most overpriced adj
surévalué
Priced higher than its real worth.

overproduction overproductions n
surproduction
The production of more of a commodity than can be used or sold.

overprotect v
hyperprotéger surprotéger
To protect to an excessive degree; to coddle

overprotection /ˌoʊvɚpɹəˈtɛkʃən/ /ˌəʊvəpɹəˈtɛkʃən/ overprotections n
hyperprotection surprotection
The act of overprotecting.

overqualified more overqualified most overqualified adj
surqualifié

overrate /ˌəʊvəˈɹeɪt/ v
surcoter surestimer surfaire surévaluer
To esteem too highly; to give greater praise than due.

overrated more overrated most overrated adj
surcoté surestimé surfait
Given an undue amount of credit for quality or merit in a field; not necessarily related to popularity.

overreact /ˌoʊ.vəɹ.ɹiˈækt/ /ˌəʊvəɹiˈækt/ v
exagérer s'emporter surréagir
To react too much or too intensely.

overrepresent v
surreprésenter

overrepresentation overrepresentations n
surreprésentation
(uncountable) The condition of being overrepresented

overrepresented more overrepresented most overrepresented adj
surreprésenté surreprésentée
represented to an excessive degree, or in excessive numbers

override /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪd/ /əʊ.vəˈɹaɪd/ /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹaɪd/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹaɪd/ v
outrepasser
To ride across or beyond something.
To counteract the normal operation of something; to countermand with orders of higher priority.
redéfinir
(object-oriented) To define a new behaviour of a method by creating the same method of the superclass with the same name and signature.

overriding /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈɹaɪdɪŋ/ more overriding most overriding adj
redéfinition

overripe more overripe most overripe adj
blet
Excessively ripe; spoiled; gone bad.

overripen v
blettir
To ripen too much; to become overripe.

overruff v
surcouper
(bridge) To ruff with a higher trump following a prior ruff on the same trick

overrun /ˈoʊ.vɚˌɹʌn/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌɹʌn/ /ˌoʊ.vɚˈɹʌn/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈɹʌn/ v
exceder

overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adj
outre-mer
Abroad.
Across a sea; to or in an area across a sea.

overseas /ˌoʊvɚˈsiːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈsiːz/ adv
à l'étranger
Abroad.
outre-mer
Across a sea; to an area across a sea.

overseas Chinese overseas Chinese n
chinois d'outre-mer huaqiao

overseas territory overseas territories n
territoire d'outre-mer TOM
A country or smaller territory which politically is either an integral part of - or in some dependent (e.g. colonial) relationship with another state, but is geographically separated from that 'mother state' by the sea, without bordering it or its coastal waters

oversee /əʊvə(ɹ)siː/ v
superviser
(figuratively) To supervise, guide, review or direct the actions of a person or group.

overseer /ˈəʊvəˌsiːə(ɹ)/ overseers n
contremaître chef
One who oversees or supervises.

overshadow /ˌoʊ.vɚˈʃæd.oʊ/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃæd.əʊ/ v
ombrager
(transitive) To obscure something by casting a shadow.
éclipser
(transitive) To dominate something and make it seem insignificant.

overshirt overshirts n
surchemise

overshoe /ˈoʊvəɹˌʃuː/ overshoes n
chouclaque claque surchaussure
A shoe worn over an ordinary shoe, as: [from 18th c.]

oversight /ˈoʊvɚˌsaɪt/ /ˈoːbʱə(ɾ)ˌsaɪt/ /ˈo̝vərˌsaɪt/ /ˈəʊvəˌsaɪt/ oversights n
oubli
An omission; something that is left out, missed or forgotten.

oversize more oversize most oversize adj
surdimensionné
Larger than normal

oversize v
surdimensionner
(transitive) To exceed in size.

oversleep /ˈəʊvəɹˌsliːp/ v
trop dormir
(intransitive) To sleep for longer than intended. [from 14th c.]
(reflexive, now, rare) To sleep for longer than one intended. [from 15th c.]

oversleeve oversleeves n
manchette

overstate /ˌoʊ.vɚˈsteɪt/ /ˌəʊ.vəˈsteɪt/ v
exagérer
To exaggerate; to state or claim too much.

oversteer oversteers n
survirage

overstep /ˌoʊvɚˈstɛp/ /ˌəʊvəˈstɛp/ v
outrepasser
(transitive) To go too far beyond (a limit); especially, to cross boundaries or exceed norms or conventions.

overtake /oʊvɚˈteɪk/ /əʊvə(ɹ)ˈteɪk/ /ˈoʊvɚteɪk/ /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)teɪk/ v
dépasser doubler
To pass a slower moving object or entity (on the side closest to oncoming traffic).
surprendre
To occur unexpectedly; take by surprise; surprise and overcome; carry away

overtax /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtæks/ v
surtaxer
To tax to an excessive degree.

overthink v
surpenser surréfléchir
To think or analyze too much.

overthrow /əʊvəˈθɹəʊ/ /ˈoʊvɚˌθɹoʊ/ /ˈəʊvəθɹəʊ/ /ˌoʊvɚˈθɹoʊ/ v
renverser déposer
(transitive) To bring about the downfall of (a government, etc.), especially by force; to usurp.

overtime /ˈoʊ.vɚˌtaɪm/ /ˈəʊ.və.taɪm/ overtimes n
heures supplémentaires
(uncountable) Working time outside of one's regular hours.
prolongation
(sports, countable, US) An extra period of play when a contest has a tie score at the end of regulation.

overtly more overtly most overtly adv
ouvertement
In an overt manner; publicly; openly.

overtone /ˈoʊvɚtoʊn/ /ˈəʊ.və.təʊn/ overtones n
harmonique partiel
(physics, music) A tone whose frequency is an integer multiple of another; a member of the harmonic series. [from 1867]
connotation sous-entendu
(figuratively, often, in plural) An implicit message (in a film, book, verbal discussion or similar) perceived as overwhelming the explicit message. [from 1890]

overtone singing n
chant diphonique
(music) A type of singing in which the individual singer manipulates the resonances of the voice to produce notes independent of the fundamental frequency

overtourism n
surtourisme
Excessive tourism.

overture /ˈoʊvəɹt͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈəʊvətjʊə/ /ˈəʊvətʃ(ʊ)ə/ overtures n
ouverture
(music) A musical introduction to a piece of music, or a play. [from 17th c.]

overturn /ˈəʊvə(ɹ)ˌtɜː(ɹ)n/ /ˌəʊvə(ɹ)ˈtɜː(ɹ)n/ v
capoter renverser retourner verser
(ambitransitive) To turn over, capsize or upset.
casser renverser
(legal, transitive) To reverse (a decision); to overrule or rescind.

overuse /ˌoʊvɚˈjuːs/ /ˌoʊvɚˈjuːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈjuːs/ /ˌəʊvəˈjuːz/ n
surutilisation
excessive use

overuse /ˌoʊvɚˈjuːs/ /ˌoʊvɚˈjuːz/ /ˌəʊvəˈjuːs/ /ˌəʊvəˈjuːz/ v
galvauder surutiliser
(transitive) To use too much of.

overused more overused most overused adj
abusé
used too much, or too often
usé
(of a word or phrase) hackneyed or clichéd

overvaluation overvaluations n
surévaluation
An instance of overvaluing.

overview /ˈoʊ.vɚˌvjuː/ /ˈəʊ.vəˌvjuː/ overviews n
résumé aperçu vue d'ensemble survol synthèse
A brief summary, as of a book or a presentation.

overvoltage overvoltages n
surtension
(physics) The difference between the electric potential of an electrode or cell under the passage of a current and the thermodynamic value of the electrode or cell potential in the absence of electrolysis; overpotential.
survoltage
The hazardous condition that occurs when the voltage in a circuit is raised above that for which it was designed.

overweening /oʊvɚˈwinɪŋ/ /əʊvəˈwiːnɪŋ/ more overweening most overweening adj
arrogant confiant
Unduly confident; arrogant

overweight /ˈoʊvɚweɪt/ /ˈəʊvəweɪt/ /ˌoʊvɚˈweɪt/ /ˌəʊvəˈweɪt/ more overweight most overweight adj
en surpoids
(of a person) Having a higher weight, especially body fat, than what is generally considered healthy for a given body type and height.

overwhelm /-ˈ wɛlm/ /ˌo.vɚ.ˈ ʍɛlm/ /ˌoʊ.vɚ.ˈ ʍɛlm/ /ˌəʊ.və.ˈ ʍɛlm/ v
abreuver
To engulf, surge over and submerge.
accabler
To overpower emotionally.
accabler envahir
To cause to surround, to cover.

overwhelming /ˌoʊvɚˈ(h)wɛlmɪŋ/ /ˌəʊvəˈ(h)wɛlmɪŋ/ more overwhelming most overwhelming adj
accablant
Overpowering, staggering, or irresistibly strong.

overwork /ˈoʊvɚˌwɝk/ /ˈəʊvəˌwɜːk/ n
surmenage
excessive work

overworked more overworked most overworked adj
surmené débordé
Subjected to too much work.

overwrite /oʊ.vɚˈɹaɪt/ /əʊ.vəˈɹaɪt/ v
écraser
(transitive, computing) To destroy (older) data by recording new data over it.

oviduct /ˈɒvɪdʌkt/ oviducts n
oviducte
(anatomy) A duct through which an ovum passes from an ovary to the uterus or to the exterior.

ovine /ˈoʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈəʊvaɪn/ more ovine most ovine adj
ovin
(comparable) Of, being, pertaining to, or resembling a sheep; also, (not comparable) of an animal: from the genus Ovis.

ovine /ˈoʊˌvaɪn/ /ˈəʊvaɪn/ ovines n
ovin
An animal from the genus Ovis; a sheep.
(figuratively) A person regarded as resembling a sheep in character; one who is acquiescent, easily influenced, passive, or willing to follow a leader blindly; a sheep.

oviparous /oʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ /əʊˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
ovipare
Egg-laying; depositing eggs that develop and hatch outside the body as a reproductive strategy.

ovoid more ovoid most ovoid adj
ovoïde
Egg-shaped; shaped like an oval, but more tapered at one end; ovate.

ovovitellin ovovitellins n
ovovitelline

ovoviviparous /ˌoʊvoʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ /ˌəʊvəʊvɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
ovovivipare
Of or pertaining to such kind of animals such as some reptiles whose eggs hatch inside their body

ovulate /ˈɒvjʊleɪt/ /ˈɒvjʊlət/ v
ovuler
(intransitive) To produce eggs or ova.

ovulation /ɑvjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɒvjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ovulations n
ovulation
(physiology) The release of an ovum from an ovary.

ovule /ˈɒvjuːl/ ovules n
ovule
(botany) The structure in a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization; the megasporangium of a seed plant with its enclosing integuments.
(zoology) An immature ovum in mammals.

ovum /ˈoʊ.vəm/ /ˈəʊ.vəm/ ova n
ovule
(cytology) The female gamete in animals; the egg cell.

oware /əˈwɑːri/ n
awalé awélé
(games) A board game of the mancala family which originated in Africa, and is reputedly the oldest game in the world.

owe /oʊ/ /əʊ/ v
devoir
(ditransitive) To be under an obligation to give something back to someone or to perform some action for someone.
(intransitive) To have debt; to be in debt.

owe someone one v
devoir une fière chandelle en devoir une renvoyer l'ascenseur à charge de revanche
To be indebted to someone.

owie /ˈaʊ(w)iː/ owies n
bobo
(colloquial, North America, childish) A painful but minor injury.

owing to preposition
en raison de
Because of, on account of.

owl /aʊ(ə)l/ owls n
hibou chouette
Any of various birds of prey of the order Strigiformes that are primarily nocturnal and have forward-looking, binocular vision, limited eye movement, and good hearing. [from 8th c.]

owlet /ˈaʊlət/ owlets n
jeune chouette jeune hibou
A young owl; owling.

owlet moth owlet moths n
noctuelle
Any moth of the family Noctuidae.

own /oʊn/ /uŋ/ /əʊn/ adj
propre
Belonging to; possessed; acquired; proper to; property of; titled to; held in one's name; under/using the name of. Often marks a possessive determiner as reflexive, referring back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

own /oʊn/ /uŋ/ /əʊn/ v
posséder avoir
(transitive) To have rightful possession of (property, goods or capital); to have legal title to; to acquire a property or asset.

own goal /ˈoʊn.ɡoʊl/ own goals n
but contre son camp
(sports) A goal that results from a player putting the ball or puck into the goal of their own team; the resulting goal being scored for the opposition.

own up v
admettre confesser passer aux aveux
(transitive with to) To acknowledge, confess, or admit guilt or responsibility.

owner /ˈoʊnɚ/ /ˈəʊnə/ owners n
propriétaire
One who owns something.

ownership /ˈoʊnɚʃɪp/ /ˈəʊnəʃɪp/ ownerships n
propriété
The state of having complete legal control of something; possession; proprietorship.

ox /ˈɑks/ /ˈɒks/ oxen oxes n
bœuf boeuf
An adult castrated male of cattle (B. taurus), especially when used as a beast of burden.

oxalate /ˈɒksəleɪt/ oxalates n
oxalate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of oxalic acid.

oxalemia n
oxalémie

oxalic /ɑkˈsælɪk/ /ɒkˈsælɪk/ adj
oxalique
Of or pertaining to oxalic acid or its derivatives.

oxalic acid n
acide oxalique
(carboxylic acid) A colourless, crystalline dicarboxylic acid, TemplateParserError:LuaError, found in rhubarb, spinach and other plants, often as crystals of the calcium salt.

oxbow lake oxbow lakes n
bras mort
A crescent-shaped lake formed near a flat-valleyed river when one of its meanders becomes pinched off and isolated.

oxcart oxcarts n
charette à bœufs
A cart designed to be drawn by an ox or oxen.

oxer oxers n
oxer
A type of horse jump with two rails that may be set even or uneven.

oxeye daisy oxeye daisies n
marguerite
A widespread flowering plant native to Europe and temperate regions of Asia, Leucanthemum vulgare.

oxidant oxidants n
oxydant
an oxidizing agent

oxidase oxidases n
oxydase
(enzyme) Any of many enzymes which catalyze oxidation reactions, especially ones using molecular oxygen.

oxidation /ɒksɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ oxidations n
oxydation
The combination of a substance with oxygen.
(chemistry) A reaction in which the atoms of an element lose electrons and the oxidation state of the element increases.

oxidation number oxidation numbers n
nombre d’oxydation
(chemistry) The hypothetical charge of an atom within a molecule.

oxidative /ˈɑk.səˌdeɪ.tɪv/ adj
oxydatif
(chemistry) Of, relating to, or produced by oxidation.

oxide /ˈɒksaɪd/ oxides n
oxyde
(chemistry) A binary chemical compound of oxygen with another chemical element.

oxidize /ˈɒksɪdaɪz/ v
oxyder
(chemistry, transitive) To combine with oxygen or otherwise make an oxide.

oxidizer oxidizers n
comburant
(chemistry) An oxidizing agent, especially one used to oxidize the fuel of a rocket or a fuel cell.

oxidizing agent oxidizing agents n
comburant
(chemistry) Any substance that oxidizes, or receives electrons from, another; in so doing, it becomes reduced.

oxime /ˈɑkˌsiːm/ /ˈɒk.siːm/ oximes n
oxime
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds, of general formula RR'C=NOH, derived from the condensation of an aldehyde (R' = H) or ketone with hydroxylamine.

oximeter /ɑkˈsɪmətɚ/ /ɒkˈsɪmɪtə/ [-ɾɚ] oximeters n
oxymètre
(medicine, specifically) A device that measures the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. [from 1942]

oxolinic acid n
acide oxolinique

oxtail oxtails n
queue de bœuf
A cut of meat taken from the tail of a cow or calf; it requires long, slow braising, and is used to prepare oxtail soup.

oxyacetylenic adj
oxyacétylénique

oxychloride oxychlorides n
oxychlorure
(inorganic chemistry) A ternary compound of oxygen and chlorine.

oxycodone /ˌɑk.sɪˈkoʊˌdoʊn/ /ˌɒk.sɪˈkəʊ.dəʊn/ n
oxycodone
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) An addictive, semisynthetic opioid (trademark OxyContin) that is similar to morphine in effect and structure; C18H21NO4.

oxygen /ˈɒksɪd͡ʒən/ oxygens n
oxygène
The chemical element (symbol O) with an atomic number of 8 and relative atomic mass of 15.9994. It is a colorless and odorless gas.
Molecular oxygen (O2), a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature, also called dioxygen.

oxygen catastrophe oxygen catastrophes n
Catastrophe de l'oxygène Crise de l'oxygène Grande Oxydation Grande Oxygénation Grande oxydation Grande oxygénation
(biology) An event during the oxygenation event of Earth's past, where the level of free oxygen in the environment exceeds the tolerance levels of most extant anerobic life.

oxygen mask oxygen masks n
masque à oxygène
A plastic or rubber mask through which oxygen may be breathed from a storage tank.

oxygen therapy n
oxygénothérapie
Therapeutic administration of oxygen.

oxygenate /ˈɒksɪdʒəneɪt/ v
oxygéner
(transitive) To treat or infuse with oxygen

oxygenation oxygenations n
oxygénation
The process of reacting or treating something with oxygen.

oxygenator oxygenators n
oxygénateur
any device that releases oxygen (or air) into water, especially one in an aquarium

oxymel /ˈɒksɪmɛl/ oxymels n
oxymel

oxymoron /ɑksɪˈmɔɹɑn/ /ɒksɪˈmɔːɹɒn/ /ˌɑksiˈmɔɹɑn/ oxymora oxymorons n
oxymore oxymoron
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which two words or phrases with opposing meanings are used together intentionally for effect.

oxymoronic /ɒk.sɪˈmɔːɹ.ɒn.ɪk/ /ˌɑk.sɪ.məˈɹɑ.nɪk/ adj
oxymorique oxymoronique
Of or pertaining to an oxymoron.

oxymoronically more oxymoronically most oxymoronically adv
oxymoriquement oxymoroniquement
In an oxymoronic manner.
With regard to, or using oxymorons.

oxytocic /ˌɑksiˈtoʊsɪk/ /ˌɑksiˈtɑsɪk/ /ˌɒksɪˈtɒsɪk/ /ˌɒksɪˈtəʊsɪk/ more oxytocic most oxytocic adj
ocytocique
(medicine) Serving to promote uterine contractions, thus accelerating childbirth.

oxytocin /ɑksiˈtoʊsɪn/ /ˈɑksiˌtoʊsɪn/ oxytocins n
ocytocine oxytocine
(hormone) A hormone that stimulates contractions during labor, and then the production of milk; also plays a role in social bonding.

oxytone /ˈɑksɪˌtoʊn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtəʊn/ adj
oxyton
(linguistics, of a word) Having the stress or an acute accent on the last syllable.

oxytone /ˈɑksɪˌtoʊn/ /ˈɒksɪˌtəʊn/ oxytones n
oxyton
(linguistics) A word with the stress or an acute accent on the last syllable.

oyster /ˈɔɪstə/ /ˈɔɪstəɹ/ /ˈɔɪst͡ʃəɹ/ oysters n
huître huitre
Any of certain marine bivalve mollusks, especially those of the family Ostreidae (the true oysters), usually found adhering to rocks or other fixed objects in shallow water along the seacoasts, or in brackish water in the mouth of rivers.
(colloquial, by analogy) A person who keeps secrets.
huître sot-l’y-laisse
The delicate oyster-shaped morsel of dark meat contained in a small cavity of the bone on each side of the lower part of the back of a fowl.
huître
(color) A pale beige color tinted with grey or pink, like that of an oyster.
(figurative) Something at one's disposal.
(UK, slang) A shoplifter.
(UK, slang) Ellipsis of Oyster card.

oyster knife oyster knives n
couteau à huîtres
A knife with a short, thick blade, used to pry open oysters and separate the meat from the shell.

oyster mushroom oyster mushrooms n
pleurote en huître
(US) The mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, which in the wild grows chiefly on hardwood trees, and is cultivated for food.

oyster sauce oyster sauces n
sauce d'huître
A rich viscid sauce made from oysters and brine, used in Chinese cooking.

oystercatcher /ˈɔɪstə.ˌkæt͡ʃə/ oystercatchers n
huîtrier
Any of several black or pied coastal wading birds in the genus Haematopus that have a long red or orange bill and feed on shellfish.

oz /aʊns/ oz ozs n
oz
any of various units of weight and volume.

ozone /ˈoʊzoʊn/ /ˈəʊzəʊn/ n
ozone
(inorganic chemistry) An allotrope of oxygen (symbol O₃) having three atoms in the molecule instead of the usual two; it is a toxic gas, generated from oxygen by electrical discharge.
(Britain, informal) Fresh air, especially that breathed at the seaside and smelling of seaweed.

ozone hole ozone holes n
trou dans la couche d'ozone
A region of the stratosphere over Antarctica (and a smaller one over the Arctic) that is depleted of ozone in the local spring.

ozone layer ozone layers n
couche d'ozone ozone
A region of the stratosphere, between 15 and 30 kilometres in altitude, containing a relatively high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most solar ultraviolet radiation.

ozonic more ozonic most ozonic adj
ozonal ozonique
Of or pertaining to ozone.

ozonization ozonizations n
ozonisation
Reaction or treatment with ozone.

p-adic adj
p-adique

p-adic number p-adic numbers n
nombre p-adique
(number theory) An element of a completion of the field of rational numbers with respect to a p-adic ultrametric.

p. pp. n
p.
page

p.m. /piːˈɛm/ adv
après-midi de l'[[après-midi]] de la nuit du soir
(used after the hour) In the 12-hour period from noon to midnight (the latter half of the day) when using the 12-hour clock.

pa /pɑː/ pas n
papa
(colloquial) Father, papa.
pépé
(colloquial) Grandpa, grandfather.

pablum /ˈpæbləm/ pablums n
bouillie
(derogatory) Anything overly bland or simplistic, especially speech or writing.

pacarana pacaranas n
pacarana
A large, rare, slow-moving rodent, Dinomys branickii, with a thick, furry tail, native to South America, the second-largest rodent after the capybara.

pace /peɪs/ paces n
pas
A step.
The distance covered in a step (or sometimes two), either vaguely or according to various specific set measurements. [from 14th c.]
rythme train tempo
Speed or velocity in general. [from 15th c.]

pace /peɪs/ v
arpenter faire les cent pas
To walk back and forth in a small distance.
arpenter
To measure by walking.

pacemaker /ˈpeɪsˌmeɪkəɹ/ pacemakers n
meneur de train
One who sets the pace in a race, to guide the others.
pacemaker stimulateur cardiaque stimulateur
(hence, medicine) A medical implement that is used to stimulate a heart to beat by simulating the action of the natural pacemaker.

pachyderm /ˈpæk.ɪˌdɜː(ɹ)m/ pachyderms n
pachyderme
(obsolete, zoology) A member of the obsolete taxonomic order Pachydermata, grouping of thick-skinned, hoofed animals such as the rhinoceros, hippopotamus, elephant and tapir.
(idiomatic) A person with thick skin; someone who is not affected by or does not care what others say about them.

pacifiable more pacifiable most pacifiable adj
pacifiable

pacific /pəˈsɪfɪk/ more pacific most pacific adj
pacifique
Calm, peaceful.
Preferring peace by nature; avoiding violence.

pacification pacifications n
pacification
The process of pacifying.

pacifier /ˈpæsɪfaɪə/ /ˈpæsɪfaɪɚ/ pacifiers n
pacificateur
Someone or something that pacifies. [from 16th c.]
tétine sucette suce tototte
(North America) A rubber or plastic device imitating a nipple that goes into a baby’s mouth, used to calm and quiet the baby. [from 20th c.]

pacifism /ˈpæsɪfɪzəm/ pacifisms n
pacifisme
The conviction that it is morally wrong to settle disputes (especially between countries) by war or other violent means. [from c. 1900]

pacifist /ˈpæsɪfɪst/ pacifists n
pacifiste
One who loves, supports, or favours peace.

pacifistic more pacifistic most pacifistic adj
pacifiste

pacify /ˈpæsəfaɪ/ /ˈpæsɪfaɪ/ v
pacifier
(transitive) To bring peace to (a place or situation), by ending war, fighting, violence, anger or agitation.

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] packs n
pack paquet
A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.
meute
A group of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.

pack /pæk/ [pʰæk] v
emballer
(physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.
(transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack

pack horse pack horses n
cheval de bât cheval de somme
A horse used for carrying luggage.

pack ice pack ices n
banquise
A large consolidated mass of floating sea ice.

pack one's bags v
faire ses valises plier bagage

pack rat pack rats n
néotoma
Any of several small North American rodents, of the genus Neotoma, that have bushy tails.

pack up v
faire sa valise
(of things) To put into bags to prepare to move.

pack-year pack-years n
paquet-année
(medicine, smoking) A unit for estimating the number of cigarettes a person has smoked previously; it is calculated by multiplying the average number of packs (each containing 20 cigarettes) the person smokes per day by the number of years the person has smoked.

package /ˈpækɪd͡ʒ/ packages n
paquet paquetage
Something which is packed, a parcel, a box, an envelope.
paquet
Something which consists of various components, such as a piece of computer software.
(software) A piece of software which has been prepared in such a way that it can be installed with a package manager.

package /ˈpækɪd͡ʒ/ v
emballer empaqueter
To pack or bundle something.
To prepare (a book, a television series, etc.), including all stages from research to production, in order to sell the result to a publisher or broadcaster.

package leaflet package leaflets n
notice d’emballage
A leaflet inserted in a package of medicine, providing information about the drug for the patient.

package manager package managers n
gestionnaire de paquets
(software) A computer program responsible for installing, updating and configuring other software, maintaining an index of installed programs and resolving their dependencies.

packaging packagings n
emballage
The materials used to pack something.

packed /pækt/ more packed most packed adj
empaqueté
Put into a package.
archiplein
Filled with a large number or large quantity of something.
bondé
(colloquial) Filled to capacity with people.

packed like sardines /pækt laɪk sɑɹˈdinz/ /pækt laɪk sɑːˈdiːnz/ adj
comme des harengs en caque comme des sardines comme harengs en caque
(simile, informal) Densely packed; tightly squeezed together; crammed.

packer /ˈpækə/ /ˈpækɚ/ packers n
emballeur emballeuse
A person whose business is to pack things; especially, one who packs food for preservation

packet /ˈpækət/ /ˈpækɪt/ packets n
paquet
A small pack or package; a little bundle or parcel
(networking) A small fragment of data as transmitted on some types of network, notably Ethernet networks (Wikipedia).
colis paquet
(nautical) Originally, a vessel employed by government to convey dispatches or mails; hence, a vessel employed in conveying dispatches, mails, passengers, and goods, and having fixed days of sailing; a mail boat. Packet boat, ship, vessel (Wikipedia).

packsaddle packsaddles n
bât
A saddle designed to secure and carry goods on the back of an animal.

packshot packshots n
packshot
(advertising) A still or moving close-up of a (usually packaged) product, used to portray the product in advertising.

pact /pækt/ pacts n
pacte
An agreement; a compact; a covenant.

pad /pæd/ pads n
coussinette coussinet tampon
A flattened mass of anything soft, to sit or lie on.
coussinet
A cushion used as a saddle without a tree or frame.
The mostly hairless flesh located on the bottom of an animal's foot or paw.
coussinette
A soft, or small, cushion.
coussinet piaule taule
A cushion-like thickening of the skin on the underside of the toes of animals.
bloc
A kind of cushion for writing upon, or for blotting, especially one formed of many flat sheets of writing paper; now especially such a block of paper sheets as used to write on.
clavier pavé numérique
Ellipsis of keypad.
paddock pieu plumard plume
(US, slang) A bed.

pad /pæd/ v
rembourrer
(transitive) To furnish with a pad or padding.

pad printing n
tampographie
A printing process that can transfer a 2-D image onto a 3-D object, the image being transferred from the cliché via a silicone pad onto a substrate.

padawan /ˈpædəˌwɑn/ /ˈpædəˌwɒn/ padawans n
padawan
An apprentice or student Jedi.

padded more padded most padded adj
rembourré
Having padding.

padding /ˈpædɪŋ/ paddings n
rembourrage
Soft filling material used in cushions etc.

paddle /ˈpæ.dəl/ /ˈpædl̩/ [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩] paddles n
pagaie
A double-bladed version with blades at each end of the shaft is used for kayaking.
pagaie rame aviron volet
A two-handed implement consisting of a shaft with one or two blades attached to the end(s) used to propel a canoe, kayak or a small boat. A paddle is unattached to the boat and freely operated with the hands, compared with an oar which is attached to the boat at a pivot point.
pagayage pale palette raquette
The use of a paddle to propel a boat; a session of paddling.
pale
A slat of a paddleboat's wheel.
hélice
A paddlewheel.
aube pale
A blade of a waterwheel.
spatule
A kitchen utensil shaped like a paddle and used for mixing, beating etc.
palette palette à fessée
A broad, flat spanking implement.
palette nageoire palme
A flat limb of an aquatic animal, adapted for swimming.
volet
In a sluice, a panel that controls the flow of water.

paddle /ˈpæ.dəl/ /ˈpædl̩/ [ˈpʰæ.ɾɫ̩] v
pagayer
(transitive) To propel something through water with a paddle, oar, hands, etc.
patauger
(intransitive, British) To walk or dabble playfully in shallow water, especially at the seaside.
paletter
(transitive) To spank with a paddle.

paddle steamer paddle steamers n
bateau à roues à aubes
(watercraft) A steam-powered vessel propelled by one or two paddle wheels

paddlefish paddlefish paddlefishes n
poisson-spatule polydon
Any of several primitive fish, of the family Polyodontidae, that have a long snout shaped like a paddle.

paddock /-dɪk/ /ˈpædək/ paddocks n
enclos paddock
(also, figuratively) A small enclosure or field of grassland, especially one used to exercise or graze horses or other animals.

paddy /ˈpædi/ paddies n
paddy riz paddy
Rough or unhusked rice, either before it is milled or as a crop to be harvested. [from 17th c.]
rizière paddy riz paddy
(countable) A paddy field, a rice paddy; an irrigated or flooded field where rice is grown. [from 20th c.]

paddy wagon paddy wagons n
panier à salade
(slang) A police van for transporting prisoners.

paddyfield warbler paddyfield warblers n
rousserolle isabelle
Acrocephalus agricola, a species of marsh warbler (family Acrocephalidae).

pademelon /ˈpædəmɛlən/ pademelons n
pademelon thylogale
Any species of the genus Thylogale of small macropods.

padlock /ˈpadˌlɒk/ padlocks n
cadenas
A detachable lock that can be used to secure something by means of a sliding or hinged shackle

padlock /ˈpadˌlɒk/ v
cadenasser
To lock using a padlock.

paean /ˈpi.ən/ /ˈpiː.ən/ paeans n
péan paean
(by extension) Any loud and joyous song; a song of triumph.

paella /paɪˈ(j)eɪ.(j)ə/ /paɪˈ(j)ɛlə/ /pɑːˈeɪ.(j)ə/ /pɑːˈɛ.(j)ə/ paellas n
paella paélia
A savory Valencian dish made of rice, cooked in a frying pan with vegetables and meat or shellfish.

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ adj
païen
Relating to, characteristic of religions that differ from main world religions.
immoral incivilisé
(by extension, pejorative) Savage, immoral, uncivilized, wild.

pagan /ˈpeɪɡən/ pagans n
païen païenne
A person not adhering to a main world religion; a follower of a pantheistic or nature-worshipping religion.

paganism /ˈpeɪɡənɪzm̩/ paganisms n
paganisme
Any of a class of religions often associated with nature rituals.

paganly /ˈpeɪɡənli/ more paganly most paganly adv
païennement
In a pagan manner.

page /peɪd͡ʒ/ pages n
page
One of the many pieces of paper bound together within a book or similar document.
(computing) A screenful of text and possibly other content; especially, the digital simulation of one side of a paper leaf.
(computing) A block of contiguous memory of a fixed length.
(historical) A serving boy; a youth attending a person of high degree, especially at courts, often as a position of honor and education.
page haut fait moment
(figurative) Any record or writing; a collective memory.

page /peɪd͡ʒ/ v
paginer
(transitive) To mark or number the pages of, as a book or manuscript.
feuilleter
(intransitive, often with “through”) To turn several pages of a publication.
convoquer
(transitive, US, obsolete, _, in UK) To call or summon (someone).
biper
(transitive, telecommunications, dated) To contact (someone) by means of a pager or other mobile device.

page-turner page-turners n
tourneur de pages tourneuse de pages
(music) An individual who is responsible for turning the pages of another musician's (especially a pianist or organist's) sheet music during a performance.

pageant /ˈpæd͡ʒənt/ pageants n
cortège
An elaborate public display, especially a parade in historical or traditional costume.
spectacle
A spectacular ceremony.

pageantry /ˈpæd͡ʒəntɹi/ pageantries n
faste pompe
A pageant; a colourful show or display, as in a pageant.

pageboy pageboys n
page
(now, frequently, historical) A boy who serves as a page. [from 19th c.]

pager /peɪd͡ʒə(ɹ)/ pagers n
bip pager téléavertisseur
(telecommunications) A wireless telecommunications device that receives text or voice messages.

paginate /ˈpæd͡ʒəneɪt/ v
paginer
(transitive) To number the pages of (a book or other document); to foliate.

pagination /ˌpæd͡ʒəˈneɪʃən/ paginations n
pagination
The act of creating pages for a document, book, etc., or determining when to truncate text on the pages.
numérotation
The act of numbering pages for a document, book, etc.

paginator paginators n
paginateur

pagoda /pəˈɡoʊ.də/ pagodas n
pagode
A religious building in South and Southeast Asia, especially a multi-storey tower erected as a Hindu or Buddhist temple. [from 16th c.]

paid /ˈpeɪd/ adj
payant
That is not free of charge; that costs money.

pain /peɪn/ pains n
douleur mal
(countable, and, uncountable) An ache or bodily suffering, or an instance of this; an unpleasant sensation, resulting from a derangement of functions, disease, or injury by violence; hurt.
douleur peine
(uncountable) The condition or fact of suffering or anguish especially mental, as opposed to pleasure; torment; distress
casse-couilles casse-pied
(countable, from, _, pain in the neck) An annoying person or thing.

pain in the ass pains in the ass n
casse-pied emmerde emmerdeur pète-burnes pète-couilles épine au pied
(vulgar) Something or someone that causes discomfort or frustration.

pain point pain points n
irritant
(business, finance) A difficult or challenging aspect of something.

pain threshold pain thresholds n
seuil de douleur

painful /ˈpeɪn.fəl/ more painful most painful painfuller painfullest adj
douloureux
Causing pain or distress, either physical or mental. [from 14th c.]
laborieux
Requiring effort or labor; difficult, laborious. [from 15th c.]

painfully /ˈpeɪnfəli/ more painfully most painfully adv
douloureusement péniblement
In a painful manner; as if in pain.

painkiller /ˈpeɪnˌkɪlə(ɹ)/ painkillers n
analgésique antidouleur
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug that numbs the pain in the body.

painless more painless most painless adj
indolore
Free from pain; without pain or trouble.

painlessly more painlessly most painlessly adv
indolorement
In a painless manner.

painstaking /ˈpeɪnzˌteɪkɪŋ/ /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋ/ more painstaking most painstaking adj
méticuleuse méticuleux minutieuse minutieux
Carefully attentive to details; diligent in performing a process or procedure.

painstakingly /ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋli/ more painstakingly most painstakingly adv
minutieusement méticuleusement
In a painstaking manner; very slowly and carefully.

paint /peɪnt/ paints n
peinture
(dated) Any substance fixed with latex to harden it.

paint /peɪnt/ v
peindre peinturer
(transitive) To apply paint to.
(transitive) To apply in the manner that paint is applied.
(transitive, medicine) To apply with a brush in order to treat some body part.
peindre
(transitive) To create (an image) with paints.
(intransitive) To practise the art of painting pictures.

paint oneself into a corner /ˈpeɪnt wʌnsɛlf ɪntu ə ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈpeɪnt wʌnsɛlf ɪntʊ ə ˈkɔɹnɚ/ /ˈpeɪnt wʌnsɛlf ɪntʊ ə ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/ v
se peinturer dans un coin
(idiomatic) To create a predicament or problem for oneself; to do something that leaves one with no good alternatives or solutions.

paint thinner paint thinners n
diluant à peinture
A solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up after their use.

paintbrush /ˈpeɪntˌbɹʌʃ/ paintbrushes n
pinceau
A thin brush for applying paint.

painter /ˈpeɪntə/ /ˈpeɪntɚ/ painters n
peintre artiste peintre peintresse
An artist who paints pictures.
peintre décorateur peintre décoratrice peintresse décoratrice
A laborer or workman who paints surfaces using a paintbrush or other means.

painting /ˈpeɪn.tɪŋ/ paintings n
art pictural
peinture toile
(countable) An illustration or artwork done with the use of paint.
peinture
(uncountable) The action of applying paint to a surface.

paintress paintresses n
peintresse
(archaic) A female painter.

pair /peː/ /pɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɛə(ɹ)/ pair pairs n
paire
Two similar or identical things taken together; often followed by of.
Two people in a relationship, partnership or friendship.
Used with binary nouns (often in the plural to indicate multiple instances, since such nouns are plural only, except in some technical contexts)
A couple of working animals attached to work together, as by a yoke.
(cards) A poker hand that contains two cards of identical rank, which cannot also count as a better hand.

pair of compasses pairs of compasses n
compas
A tool for drawing accurate circles or arches, usually consisting of two arms joined at one end in such a way that the arms can be opened and closed; one of the arms is pointed at its free end while the other holds a pencil, pencil lead or some other implement for making marks.

pairwise /ˈpeː.wɑɪz/ /ˈpɛə.waɪz/ /ˈpɛɹ.waɪz/ more pairwise most pairwise adj
deux à deux
Occurring in pairs; two at a time.

pairwise disjoint adj
disjoints deux à deux mutuellement disjoints
(mathematics, set theory, of a collection of two or more sets) Let \{A_\lambda\}_{\lambda\in\Lambda} be any collection of sets indexed by a set \Lambda. We call the indexed collection pairwise disjoint if for any two distinct indices, \lambda,\mu\in\Lambda, the sets A_\lambda and A_\mu are disjoint.

paisley /ˈpeɪzli/ paisleys n
motif cachemire
A motif of a swirling droplet.

paiza paizas n
païza
(historical) A tablet of authority in the Mongol Empire.

pajamas /pəˈd͡ʒæ.məz/ /pəˈd͡ʒɑ.məz/ n
pyjama
Clothes for wearing to bed and sleeping in, usually consisting of a loose-fitting shirt and pants/trousers.

paktong paktongs n
cuivre blanc des Chinois pacfong pacfung packfong packfung toutenague
An alloy of zinc, copper and nickel, closely resembling silver, of Chinese origin; any of a number of similar alloys developed in imitation of the Chinese product.

palace /ˈpæləs/ /ˈpælɪs/ palaces n
palais
A large and lavishly ornate residence.

palace coup palace coups n
révolution de palais

palace intrigue palace intrigues n
intrigue de cour intrigue de palais

palaeoclimatology n
paléoclimatologie
The scientific study of prehistoric climate of the Earth.

palaeogeography n
paléogéographie
The study of historical geography — of the (chiefly physical, but sometimes political/cultural) geography of the world in the geologic past.

palaeoxylology n
paléoxylologie
(sciences) the study of fossil wood, whether petrified or not

palaestra /pəˈliːstɹə/ /pəˈlʌɪstɹə/ palaestrae palaestras n
palestre
(historical) A public area in ancient Greece and Rome dedicated to the teaching and practice of wrestling and other sports; a wrestling school, a gymnasium. [from 15th c.]

palanquin /ˌpæləŋˈkiːn/ palanquins n
palanquin
A covered type of litter for a stretched-out passenger, carried on four poles on the shoulders of four or more bearers, as formerly used (also by colonials) in eastern Asia.

palatable /ˈpæl.ə.tə.bəl/ more palatable most palatable adj
appétant bon
Pleasing to the taste, tasty.
acceptable passable tolérable
(figurative) Tolerable, acceptable.

palatal /pəˈleɪtl̩/ /ˈpælətl̩/ more palatal most palatal adj
palatal
(anatomy) Pertaining to the palate.
(dentistry, not comparable) Of an upper tooth, on the side facing the palate.
(phonetics) Articulated at the hard palate.

palatalization /ˌpælətəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpælətəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ palatalizations n
palatalisation
(phonology, uncountable) The state or quality of being palatalized, of pronouncing a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth that normally is not.
(phonology, countable) An instance of pronunciation in which a sound is palatalized.

palatalize /ˈpælətəlaɪz/ v
palataliser
(phonetics, transitive) To pronounce a sound with the tongue against the palate of the mouth when that sound normally would not be so pronounced.

palate /ˈpæl.ət/ palates n
palais (de la bouche, au sens du goût)
(anatomy) The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the mouth and nose in vertebrates. [from 14th c.]

palatine bone palatine bones n
os palatin
(skeleton) Either of a pair of bones that are situated behind and between the maxillae, in humans are of extremely irregular form, and make up parts of the eye socket, the nasal cavity, and the hard palate.

palatine tonsil palatine tonsils n
tonsille palatine
(anatomy) One of the two tonsils that can be seen on the left and right sides at the back of the throat.

palatoplasty palatoplasties n
palatoplastie

palaver /pəˈlɑː.və(ɹ)/ palavers n
palabres
(North America, archaic British) Talk, especially unnecessary talk; chatter. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
palabre
A meeting at which there is much talk; a debate; a moot.

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] paler palest adj
pâle hâve
Light in color.
pâle
(of human skin) Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.).

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] pales n
pal
A wooden stake; a picket.
(heraldiccharge) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.

pale /peɪl/ [pʰeəɫ] [pʰeɪ̯ɫ] v
pâlir
(intransitive) To turn pale; to lose colour.
(transitive) To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

pale clouded yellow pale clouded yellows n
soufré
A small butterfly (Colias hyale) of the family Pieridae found in most of Europe and large parts of Asia.

pale in comparison v
faire pâle figure
(idiomatic) To appear small or unimportant in relation to something else.

pale-throated sloth pale-throated sloths n
mouton paresseux paresseux à gorge claire paresseux à trois doigts
Bradypus tridactylus, a sloth that lives in the forests of northern South America.

palearctic adj
paléarctique
Relating to the Palearctic.

paleface palefaces n
visage pâle
(pejorative, slang) A white person; a person of European descent.

paleness palenesses n
pâleur
The condition or degree of being pale or of lacking color.

paleo- /-oʊ/ /ˈpeɪ.li.ə/ /ˈpeɪ.li.əʊ/ /ˈpæl.i.ə/ /ˈpæl.i.əʊ/ prefix
paléo-
Old; ancient or primitive
Related to paleontology.

paleoanthropologist paleoanthropologists n
paléoanthropologue
A scientist who specializes in paleoanthropology.

paleoanthropology n
paléoanthropologie
(anthropology) The scientific study of ancient human remains.

paleobotany paleobotanies n
paléobotanique
The branch of paleontology that deals with the study of plant fossils. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

paleochristian more paleochristian most paleochristian adj
paléochrétien
Describing the early Christian church, its people, architecture and culture, etc.

paleoclimate paleoclimates n
paléoclimat
(geology) The climate of the Earth at a specified point in geologic time

paleocortex n
paléocortex

paleoecology paleoecologies n
paléoécologie

paleoethnobotany n
archéobotanique
(archaeology) The study of plant remains from archaeological sites.

paleographer paleographers n
paléographe
a person skilled in paleography

paleographic adj
paléographique
Of or pertaining to paleography.

paleography /ˌpalɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ /ˌpeɪliˈɑɡɹəfi/ /ˌpeɪlɪˈɒɡɹəfi/ paleographies n
paléographie
The study of old or ancient forms of writing.

paleontological adj
paléontologique
Of or pertaining to paleontology.

paleontologist paleontologists n
paléontologiste paléontologue
One who studies paleontology.

paleontology n
paléontologie
(American spelling) Study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, especially as represented by fossils.

paleopathological adj
paléopathologique
Relating to paleopathology

paleopathology paleopathologies n
paléopathologie
The study of ancient diseases

paleornithological adj
paléornithologique
Relating to paleornithology

paleornithology n
paléornithologie
The branch of paleontology that deals with fossil birds.

paleozoology n
paléozoologie
(zoology) The branch of zoology dealing with fossils, and the creatures that were transformed into them

paletot /ˈpalɪtəʊ/ /ˈpæləˌtoʊ/ /ˈpælˌtoʊ/ paletots n
paletot
(historical) A loose outer jacket, cloak, coat, overcoat, greatcoat, three-quarter coat.

palette /pəˈlɛt/ /ˈpælət/ /ˈpælɪt/ palettes n
palette
(painting) A thin board on which a painter lays and mixes colours.
The range of colors in a given work or item or body of work.

palette knife palette knives n
couteau à palette
In painting, a small, edge-less, more or less flexible steel blade used to mix paint on a palette and sometimes to apply paint to a surface.

palfrey /ˈpɔːl.fɹi/ palfreys n
palefroi
(historical) A small horse with a smooth, ambling gait, popular in the Middle Ages with nobles and women for riding (contrasted with a warhorse).

palilalia /ˌpælɪˈleɪliə/ palilalias n
palilalie
(clinical psychology) A complex tic comprising the repetition or echoing of one's own spoken words, which may sound like stuttering.

palimpsest /ˈpælɪmpsɛst/ palimpsests n
palimpseste
A manuscript or document that has been erased or scraped clean, for reuse of the paper, parchment, vellum, or other medium on which it was written.

palindrome /ˈpælɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈpælɪndɹəʊm/ palindromes n
palindrome
A word, phrase, number or any other sequence of units which has the property of reading the same forwards as it does backwards, character for character, sometimes disregarding punctuation, capitalization and diacritics.

paling /ˈpeɪlɪŋ/ palings n
pieu
A pointed stick used to make a fence.

palingenesic /ˌpælɪnd͡ʒɪˈniːsɪk/ more palingenesic most palingenesic adj
palingénésique
(rare) Pertaining to palingenesis.

palingenesis /ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnəsiz/ /ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnəsəs/ /ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnɪsiːz/ /ˌpælɪnˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ palingeneses n
palingénésie
(philosophy, theology, historical) Spiritual rebirth through the transmigration of the soul.
(uncountable, biology, chiefly, historical, or, obsolete) The apparent repetition, during the development of a single embryo, of changes that occurred previously in the evolution of its species.

palinode /ˈpælɪnəʊd/ palinodes n
palinodie
An ode or other poem in which the author retracts something said in an earlier poem; (loosely) a recantation. [from 17th c.]

palinspastic /pælɪnˈspæstɪk/ adj
palinspastique
(geology, of a map) Showing the previous location of geological features, correcting for any intervening crustal movements.

palisade /ˌpælɪˈseɪd/ palisades n
palissade
(military) A wall of wooden stakes, used as a defensive barrier.

palisadic adj
palissadique

pall /pɑl/ /pɔl/ /pɔːl/ palls n
drap mortuaire poêle
A heavy cloth laid over a coffin or tomb; a shroud laid over a corpse.
pairle
(heraldic charge) A charge representing an archbishop's pallium, having the form of the letter Y, sometimes charged with crosses.

palladium /pəˈleɪdiəm/ palladiums n
palladium
A chemical element (symbol Pd) with an atomic number of 46: a rare, lustrous silvery-white metal.

palleal adj
palléal

pallet /ˈpælət/ /ˈpælɪt/ pallets n
palette
A portable platform, usually designed to be easily moved by a forklift, on which goods can be stacked, for transport or storage.
paillasse
A straw bed.

pallet jack pallet jacks n
transpalette
A manually operated device used to lift and move pallets chiefly within a warehouse; the most basic form of a forklift.

palliate /ˈpælieɪt/ /ˈpæliət/ v
atténuer pallier remèdier à soulager
To relieve the symptoms of; to ameliorate. [from 15th c.]

palliative /ˈpalɪətɪv/ /ˈpæli.eɪtɪv/ /ˈpæli.ətɪv/ more palliative most palliative adj
palliatif
(medicine) Minimising the progression of a disease and relieving undesirable symptoms for as long as possible, rather than attempting to cure the (usually incurable) disease.

palliative care n
soin palliatif
A specialized area of healthcare that focuses on relieving and preventing the suffering of patients.

pallid /ˈpælɪd/ pallider pallidest adj
pâle blafard
Appearing weak, pale, or wan.

pallid harrier pallid harriers n
busard pâle
Circus macrourus, a migratory bird of prey of the harrier family.

pallisander pallisanders n
pallisandre
a dense, heavy wood, similar to teak or mahogany, mostly from species of Dalbergia and Pterocarpus, as well as Machaerium

pallor /ˈpælə/ /ˈpælɚ/ pallors n
pâleur
Unnatural paleness, especially as a sign of sickness or distress.

palm /pæm/ /pɑlm/ /pɑm/ /pɑːm/ /pɔlm/ /pɔm/ /ˈpam/ /ˈpæm/ [pɑːm] [pɒːm] palms n
paume
The inner and somewhat concave part of the human hand that extends from the wrist to the bases of the fingers.
empaumure
The broad flattened part of an antler, as of a full-grown fallow deer; so called as resembling the palm of the hand with its protruding fingers.

palm /pæm/ /pɑlm/ /pɑm/ /pɑːm/ /pɔlm/ /pɔm/ /ˈpam/ /ˈpæm/ [pɑːm] [pɒːm] v
enpalmer

palm card palm cards n
fiche
A small card listing items to be discussed in a speech or presentation, usually in bullet point form, to assist the speaker.

palm cockatoo palm cockatoos n
cacatoès noir
Probosciger aterrimus, a large smoky-grey or black parrot of the cockatoo family native to New Guinea and far north Queensland, Australia, with a large black beak and prominent red cheek patches.

palm fat palm fats n
graisse de palme matière grasse de palme
A solid form of the vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of oil palms.

palm off v
refiler refourguer
(idiomatic) To sell or dispose of (something) with the intent to deceive; to attempt to pass off a counterfeit or inferior product as genuine.

palm oil palm oils n
huile de palme
An edible plant oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis).

palm stearin palm stearins n
stéarine de palme
The solid fraction of palm oil

palm syrup palm syrups n
miel de palme sirop de palme sirop de palmier
Syrup made from sap of a palm tree.

palm tree palm trees n
palmier
A tree of the family Arecaceae usually characterised by having a single stem or trunk, directly from which sprout several leaves or fronds giving a shape like an outstretched hand.

palm wine palm wines n
vin de palme
The alcoholic drink toddy.

palmetto bug palmetto bugs n
blatte américaine
The American cockroach (Periplaneta americana).

palmier palmiers n
palmier
A type of puff pastry biscuit made in the shape of a palm leaf and rolled in sugar.

palmist palmists n
chiromancien
A fortuneteller who uses palmistry.

palmistry palmistries n
chiromancie
Telling fortunes from the lines on the palms of the hand.

palmitate palmitates n
palmitate
(chemistry) any salt or ester of palmitic acid

palmitic acid n
acide palmitique
(fatty acid) One of the most common saturated fatty acids; it is found in all animal and most vegetable oils and fats; it is used in the manufacture of soap etc.

palmolein palmoleins n
oléïne de palme
The olein fraction of palm oil

palmyra palm palmyra palms n
borasse rônier rônier africain rônier éthiopien
Any of the genus Borassus of fan palms

palpable /ˈpalpəbəl/ /ˈpælpəbəl/ more palpable most palpable adj
palpable
Capable of being touched, felt or handled; touchable, tangible.
(figurative) Obvious or easily perceived; noticeable.

palpate /ˈpælpeɪt/ v
palper
To examine or otherwise explore through touch, particularly (medical) in reference to an area or organ of the human body.

palpebral /pælˈpi.bɹəl/ /ˈpal.pɪb.ɹəl/ adj
palpébral
(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or located on or near the eyelids.

palpitation palpitations n
palpitation
An abnormal beating of the heart that may be perceived by the patient, a result of excitement, exertion, or illness.

palsa palsas n
palse
(geomorphology) A hummock rising out of a bog with a core of ice; similar in appearance to a pingo but due to different structure palsas cannot grow as big as pingos.

palsy /ˈpɔːlzi/ palsies n
paralysie
(pathology) Complete or partial muscle paralysis of a body part, often accompanied by a loss of feeling and uncontrolled body movements such as shaking.

paltry /ˈpɑltɹi/ /ˈpɒltɹi/ /ˈpɔltɹi/ /ˈpɔːltɹi/ paltrier paltriest adj
dérisoire
Trashy, trivial, of little value.
misérable dérisoire
Of little monetary worth.

palynological adj
palynologique
Of or pertaining to palynology. [from 20th c.]

palynologist palynologists n
palynologue
One who studies palynology (pollen, spores, and other particulate organic matter).

palynology n
palynologie
(science) The scientific study of spores, pollen and particulate organic matter in various matrices including the air (pollen counts), crime scenes, and sedimentary rocks.

pamper /ˈpæm.pə(ɹ)/ /ˈpæm.pɚ/ [ˈpɛəm.pɚ] v
dorloter choyer
(transitive) To treat with excessive care, attention or indulgence.

pamphlet /-flət/ /ˈpæmflɪt/ /ˈpænflət/ /ˈpænflɪt/ pamphlets n
pamphlet tract
A small, brief printed work, consisting either of a folded sheet of paper, or several sheets bound together into a booklet with only a paper cover, formerly containing literary compositions, newsletters, and newspapers, but now chiefly informational matter.

pampiniform adj
pampiniforme
(anatomy) In the form of tendrils.

pan /pæn/ pans pen n
poêle
A wide, flat receptacle used around the house, especially for cooking.
Short for salt pan: a flat artificial pond used for collecting minerals from evaporated water.
miche de pain
A loaf of bread.
cuvette
(obsolete) The chamber pot in a close stool; (now) the base of a toilet, consisting of the bowl and its support.

pan /pæn/ v
faire un panoramique
(intransitive, of a camera, etc.) To turn horizontally.

pan out v
aboutir
(intransitive, figurative) To proceed according to plan; to result or end up.

pan-Arabism /panˈaɹəbɪz(ə)m/ n
panarabisme
The belief in unification of the peoples and countries of the Arab World.

pan-European more pan-European most pan-European adj
paneuropéen paneuropéenne
Relating to, covering or serving most or all of Europe

panacea /ˌpæn.əˈsiː.ə/ panaceae panaceas panaceæ n
panacée
A remedy believed to cure all disease and prolong life that was originally sought by alchemists; a cure-all.
A solution to all problems.

panache /pəˈnæʃ/ /pəˈnɑːʃ/ panaches n
panache
(countable) An ornamental plume on a helmet.
(uncountable, figurative) Flamboyance, energetic style or action.

panarchism n
panarchisme
(politics) Advocacy of panarchy.

pancake /ˈpæn.keɪk/ /ˈpæŋ.keɪk/ pancakes n
crêpe pancake
A thin batter cake fried in a pan or on a griddle in oil or butter; in particular:

panchronic adj
panchronique

pancreas /ˈpæn-/ /ˈpæŋ.kɹi.əs/ /ˈpæŋkɹɪəs/ pancreases pancreata n
pancréas
(anatomy) A gland near the stomach which secretes a fluid into the duodenum to help with food digestion. The fluid contains protease, carbohydrase and lipase, which breaks down larger molecules into smaller pieces. The pancreas also produces the hormones insulin and glucagon which regulate blood sugar. These hormones are released into the cardiovascular system.

pancreatic adj
pancréatique
Of or pertaining to the pancreas

pancreatic cancer pancreatic cancers n
cancer de pancréas
(oncology, disease) A malignant neoplasm of the pancreas.

pancreatitis pancreatitides pancreatitises n
pancréatite
Inflammation of the pancreas.

panda /ˈpændə/ pandas n
panda
(colloquial, also, attributively) Short for giant panda (“Ailuropoda melanoleuca”). [from 19th c.]

pandect /ˈpændɛkt/ /ˈpænˌdɛkt/ pandects n
pandecte
(Ancient Rome, law, historical) Usually in the plural form Pandects: a compendium or digest of writings on Roman law divided in 50 books, compiled in the 6th century C.E. by order of the Eastern Roman emperor Justinian I (c. 482–565).
(by extension, also, figuratively) A treatise or similar work that is comprehensive as to a particular topic; specifically (Christianity) a manuscript of the entire Bible.
digeste
(by extension, rare) Also in the plural form pandects: a comprehensive collection of laws; specifically, the whole body of law of a country; a legal code.

pandeiro /pænˈdɛəɹəʊ/ pandeiros n
pandeiro

pandeism /-deɪ-/ /pænˈdiɪzəm/ /pænˈdiːɪz(ə)m/ pandeisms n
pandéisme
(religion) A belief in a god who is both pantheistic and deistic, in particular a god who designed the universe and then became it and ceased to exist separately and act consciously with respect to it.

pandeist /pænˈdiːɪst/ more pandeist most pandeist adj
pandéiste
(religion) of or relating to pandeism.

pandeist /pænˈdiːɪst/ pandeists n
pandéiste
(religion) One who believes in pandeism, a blend of pantheism and deism.

pandeistic /pændiːˈɪstɪk/ more pandeistic most pandeistic adj
pandéistique
Of or relating to pandeism.

pandemic /pænˈdɛmɪk/ more pandemic most pandemic adj
pandémique
(epidemiology) Of a disease: epidemic over a wide geographical area and affecting a large proportion of the population; also, of or pertaining to a disease of this nature.

pandemic /pænˈdɛmɪk/ pandemics n
pandémie
(epidemiology) A pandemic disease; a disease that affects a wide geographical area and a large proportion of the population.

pandemonium /ˌpændəˈmoʊni.əm/ /ˌpændɪˈməʊnɪəm/ pandemonia pandemoniums n
chaos
A loud, wild, tumultuous protest, disorder, or chaotic situation, usually of a crowd, often violent.
chahut chaos charivari tohu-bohu tumulte
An outburst; loud, riotous uproar, especially of a crowd.

pander /ˈpændə/ /ˈpændɚ/ panders n
entremetteur

pandiculate /pænˈdɪk.jə.leɪt/ v
pandiculer
(ambitransitive) To fully stretch the torso and upper limbs, typically accompanied by yawning.

pandiculation pandiculations n
pandiculation
A stretching and stiffening of the trunk and extremities, as when fatigued and drowsy or on waking, often accompanied by yawning.

panegyric /ˌpænəˈd͡ʒaɪɹɪk/ /ˌpænəˈd͡ʒɪɹɪk/ panegyrics n
panégyrique
A formal speech publicly praising someone or something.

panel /ˈpænəl/ panels n
panneau
A (usually) rectangular section of a surface, or of a covering or of a wall, fence etc.
table ronde
A group of people gathered to judge, interview, discuss etc. as on a television or radio broadcast for example.
case vignette
A portion of a framed structure between adjacent posts or struts, as in a bridge truss.

panel saw panel saws n
scie égoïne
Any type various types of light saws, used to cut large sheets of material, such as plywood.

panela n
pain de vesou
An unrefined sugar product typical of Central and South America and Mexico, which is basically a solid piece of sucrose and fructose obtained from the boiling and evaporation of sugarcane.

panelling /ˈpænəlɪŋ/ panellings n
boiserie lambris
(British spelling) The panels with which a surface (especially an indoor wall) is covered, considered collectively.

panentheism /pænˈɛnθiɪzəm/ n
panenthéisme
(philosophy, religion) A doctrine that the universe subsists within God, but that God nevertheless transcends or has some existence separate from the universe.

panentheist /pænˈɛnθiɪst/ panentheists n
panenthéiste
A person who believes in panentheism.

panettone /ˌpanɪˈtəʊneɪ/ /ˌpanɪˈtəʊnɪ/ /ˌpænəˈtoʊni/ panettones panettoni n
panettone
A soft Italian sourdough brioche from Milan, with candied fruit, usually prepared for Christmas as a dessert.

panforte panfortes panforti n
panforte
A dense flat cake made with honey, hazelnuts, almonds, candied fruit, cocoa and spices; a speciality of Siena.

pangolin /pæŋˈɡoʊlɪn/ /ˈpæŋɡəlɪn/ pangolins n
pangolin pangoline
The scaly anteater; any of several long-tailed, scale-covered mammals of the order Pholidota of tropical Africa and Asia, the sole extant genus of which is Manis.

pangram /ˈpæn.ɡɹæm/ /ˈpæŋ.ɡɹæm/ pangrams n
pangramme phrase holoalphabétique
A sentence that contains every letter of the alphabet.

panhandle /ˈpænˌhæn.dəl/ v
demander [[l']]aumône faire la manche mendier
(US) To beg for money, especially with a container in hand for receiving loose change, especially on the street, and particularly, as a bum.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ panics n
panique
(uncountable) Overwhelming fear or fright, often affecting groups of people or animals; (countable) an instance of this; a fright, a scare.

panic /ˈpænɪk/ v
paniquer faire paniquer s'affoler
To cause (someone) to feel panic; also, to frighten (someone) into acting hastily.

panic attack panic attacks n
crise d'angoisse crise de panique
A sudden period of intense anxiety, mounting physiological arousal, fear, stomach problems and discomfort that are associated with a variety of somatic and cognitive symptoms.

panic buying panic buyings n
achats de panique
(business, finance) The buying of commodities or other assets earlier than normal, or in quantities greater than normal, because of rumours of coming shortages or price rises.

panic disorder panic disorders n
trouble panique
An anxiety disorder involving severe recurring panic attacks.

panicky /ˈpænɪki/ more panicky most panicky adj
paniqué saisi de panique
In a state of panic.

panicle panicles n
panicule
(botany) A compound raceme.

panjandrum /pænˈd͡ʒæn.dɹəm/ panjandra panjandrums n
manitou ponte
An important, powerful or influential person.

pankration /pæn.ˈkɹeɪti.ɒn/ /pæŋˈkɹeɪʃən/ n
pancrace
(martial arts) An Ancient Greek martial art combining aspects of boxing and wrestling, introduced in the Greek Olympic games in 648 BC.

panna cotta /ˌpanə ˈkɒtə/ panna cottas n
panacotta panna cotta
A northern Italian dessert consisting of flavoured double cream set with gelatine, often served with fruit sauce or caramel syrup.

pannier /ˈpæn.i.ɚ/ /ˈpæn.jɚ/ /ˈpæn.ɪ.ə/ panniers n
sacoche
A large basket or bag fastened, usually in pairs, to the back of a bicycle or pack animal, or carried in pairs over the shoulders.

pannikin pannikins n
godet
A durable cup or other vessel used for drinking made of metal and coated in enamel.
The contents of such a vessel.

panoply /ˈpænəpli/ panoplies n
panoplie
(historical) A complete set of armour. [from 1570s]

panopticon panopticons n
panopticon panoptique
A type of prison where all the cells are visible from the center, particularly if it is not possible for those in a cell to know if they are being watched.

panorama /ˌpæn.əˈɹaː.mə/ /ˌpæn.əˈɹæm.ə/ /ˌpæn.əˈɹɑː.mə/ [ˌpɛən.əˈɹɑː.mə] [ˌpɛən.əˈɹɛəm.ə] panoramas panoramata n
panorama
An unbroken view of an entire surrounding area.
A picture or series of pictures representing a continuous scene.
(figuratively) A comprehensive survey.

panoramic /ˌpænəˈɹæmɪk/ more panoramic most panoramic adj
panoramique
Of or pertaining to a panorama; with a wide view.

panphobia n
panphobie
(neologism) Fear, dislike, or hatred of pansexual people and/or pansexuality.

panpipes n
flûte de Pan
(musical instrument) An instrument consisting of a series of ten or more tubes of different lengths, typically closed at the bottom and open at the top. The instrument is played by blowing across the open end at the top.

panpsychism /panˈsʌɪkɪz(ə)m/ /pænˈsaɪ(ˌ)kɪz(ə)m/ panpsychisms n
panpsychisme
(philosophy, metaphysics, uncountable) The doctrine that all matter has a mental aspect.

pansexual /pænˈsɛk.ʃu.əl/ pansexuals n
pansexuel
Someone who is attracted to all types of people regardless of gender.

pansexuality /ˌpæn.sɛk.sjuˈæl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpæn.sɛk.ʃuˈæl.ɪ.ti/ pansexualities n
pansexualité
A sexual orientation characterized by the potential for aesthetic attraction, romantic love and/or sexual desire for people regardless of their gender or sex.

pansy /ˈpæn.zi/ pansies n
pensée
A cultivated flowering plant, derived by hybridization within species Viola tricolor.
indigo mauve
(color) A deep purple colour, like that of the pansy.
fiotte
(derogatory, colloquial) A timid, weak man or boy; a wuss.

pant /pænt/ pants n
halètement palpitation
A quick breathing; a catching of the breath; a gasp: the panting of animals such as a dog with their tong hung out- as a form of thermoregulation.

pant /pænt/ v
haleter
(ambitransitive) To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp.
désirer
(transitive, obsolete) To long for (something); to be eager for (something).
palpiter
(intransitive) Of the heart, to beat with unnatural violence or rapidity; to palpitate.

pantagruelian more pantagruelian most pantagruelian adj
pantagruélique

pantheism /ˈpæn.θi.ɪz.əm/ pantheisms n
panthéisme
(religion) The belief that the Universe is in some sense divine and should be revered. Pantheism identifies the universe with God but denies any personality or transcendence of such a God.

pantheistic /pænˈθiɪstɪk/ more pantheistic most pantheistic adj
panthéistique
Of or relating to pantheism.

pantheon panthea pantheons n
panthéon
A temple dedicated to all the gods.
(mythology) All the gods of a particular people or religion, particularly the ancient Greek gods residing on Olympus, considered as a group.
(by extension) A category or classification denoting the most honored persons of a group.

panther /ˈpeɪntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpæntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpænθə/ /ˈpænθɚ/ panthers n
panthère noire panthère
Any of various big cats with black fur; most especially, the black-coated leopard of India.
panthère
Any big cat of the genus Panthera.

panther cap panther caps n
amanite panthère
The highly poisonous agaric Amanita pantherina.

panties n
culotte petite culotte
Underpants for women and girls.

pantograph /ˈpantəɡɹaf/ /ˈpantəɡɹɑːf/ pantographs n
pantographe
A mechanical linkage based on parallelograms causing two objects to move in parallel; notably as a drawing aid.
(rail transport) A similarly-formed conductive device, now usually Z-shaped, that collects electric current from overhead lines for trains and trams.

pantomime /ˈpæn.təˌmaɪm/ /ˈpæn.təˌmʌɪm/ pantomimes n
pantomime
(UK) A traditional theatrical entertainment, originally based on the commedia dell'arte, but later aimed mostly at children and involving physical comedy, topical jokes, call and response, and fairy-tale plots. [from 18th c.]
Gesturing without speaking; dumb-show, mime. [from 18th c.]

pantry /ˈpantɹi/ /ˈpæntɹi/ [ˈpant(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpeənt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] [ˈpænt(ʰ)ɹ̥i] pantries n
garde-manger
A small room, closet, or cabinet usually located in or near the kitchen, dedicated to shelf-stable food storage and/or storing kitchenware, like a larder, but smaller.

pantryman pantrymen n
panetier
A person in charge of the pantry, or food store, on a ship, train, or other transport where food is kept for passengers and crew. Also in a hospital, school, or hotel, etc.

pants /pænts/ n
pantalon
(chiefly, North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Philippines) An outer garment that covers the body from the waist downwards, covering each leg separately, usually as far as the ankles; trousers. [from 19th c.]
caleçon culotte slip
(chiefly, UK) An undergarment that covers the genitals and often the buttocks and the neighbouring parts of the body; underpants. [from 19th c.]

pants /pænts/ v
déculotter
To pull someone’s pants down; to forcibly remove someone’s pants.

panty girdle panty girdles n
panty
A type of control garment for women consisting of underpants with a built-in elasticated corset.

pantyhose /ˈpæntɪhəuz/ n
collants

panvitalism n
panvitalisme
Belief that all things are part of a single living universe.
Belief that all things in the universe are alive.

pap /pæp/ paps n
purée
(uncountable) Food in the form of a soft paste, often a porridge, especially as given to very young children.

papabile /pəˈpɑːbɪleɪ/ more papabile most papabile adj
papable
Thought to be among those likely to be elected pope.

papabile /pəˈpɑːbɪleɪ/ papabiles papabili n
papable
A cardinal among those likely to be elected pope.

papacy /ˈpeɪ.pə.si/ papacies n
papauté
The office of the pope.

papakha papakhas n
papakha
A fur or sometimes wool hat traditionally worn by men throughout the Caucasus and Central Asia; its shape varies from hemispherical to cylindrical, which may be slightly tapered in either direction.

papal /ˈpeɪpəl/ more papal most papal adj
papal
Having to do with the pope or the papacy.

paparazzied more paparazzied most paparazzied adj
paparazzé
That has been photographed by paparazzi.

paparazzo /ˌpæpəˈɹætsəʊ/ /ˌpɑpəˈɹɑtsoʊ/ paparazzi paparazzos n
paparazzi paparazzo
A freelance photographer who sells photographs of celebrities to the media, especially one who pursues celebrities and attempts to obtain candid photographs.

papaya /pəˈpaɪə/ /pəˈpɑːjə/ papayas n
papayer
A tropical American evergreen tree, Carica papaya, having large, yellow, edible fruit.
papaye papayer
The fruit of this tree.

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ /ˈpeɪpɚ/ [ˈpeɪpə(r)] [ˈpeːpə(r)] [ˈpʰeɪpɚ] adj
papier
Made of paper.

paper /ˈpeɪpə/ /ˈpeɪpɚ/ [ˈpeɪpə(r)] [ˈpeːpə(r)] [ˈpʰeɪpɚ] papers n
papier
A sheet material typically used for writing on or printing on (or as a non-waterproof container), usually made by draining cellulose fibres from a suspension in water.
A written document, generally shorter than a book (white paper, term paper), in particular one written for the Government.
papier feuille article
(rock paper scissors) An open hand (a handshape resembling a sheet of paper), that beats rock and loses to scissors. It loses to lizard and beats Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.
rédaction
A scholastic essay.
cours
(New Zealand) A university course.

paper airplane paper airplanes n
avion de papier avion en papier
(US) A toy airplane made by folding up a sheet of paper.

paper bag paper bags n
sac en papier
A bag made of paper, especially a firm brown kind intended for use carrying groceries.

paper clip paper clips n
trombone
A small, folded, wire or plastic device used to hold sheets of paper together.

paper cup paper cups n
gobelet en carton
A disposable cup made out of paper and often lined with plastic or wax to prevent liquid from leaking out or soaking through the paper.

paper jam paper jams n
bourrage papier
(printing) A malfunction in a computer's printer or a photocopier or similar device occurring when sheets of paper become jammed inside.

paper mill paper mills n
papeterie
A factory devoted to making paper from wood pulp and other ingredients.

paper money /ˌpeɪpə ˈmʌni/ /ˌpeɪpəɹ ˈmʌni/ n
monnaie-papier papier-monnaie
Cash in the form of banknotes.

paper mulberry paper mulberries n
mûrier à papier
A tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), Broussonetia papyrifera, with fibrous inner bark used to make paper and tapa cloth.

paper tiger paper tigers n
tigre de papier colosse aux pieds d'argile
(idiomatic) A seemingly fierce or powerful person, country or organisation without the ability to back up their words; apparently powerful but actually ineffective.

paper towel paper towels n
essuie-tout papier ménage
(Britain) A sheet of absorbent paper dispensed in restrooms, usually used for drying washed hands.

paper trail paper trails n
trace écrite
(idiomatic) A written record, history, or collection of evidence.
(idiomatic) Records left by a person or organization in the course of activities.

paperback /ˈpeɪ.pɚ.bæk/ adj
broché
(of a book) Having flexible binding.

paperback /ˈpeɪ.pɚ.bæk/ paperbacks n
livre broché

paperboard paperboards n
bristol
A thick paper, or thin cardboard.

paperboy paperboys n
camelot livreur de journaux
A male who delivers newspapers to houses on a paper round.

papercutting n
papier découpé
The art of cutting decorative designs out of paper.

paperless adj
dématérialisé
Relating to or involving the communication or storage of information electronically, rather than with paper.
sans papiers
(of a person) Lacking official documentation or evidence of identity.

papermaker papermakers n
papetier
A person or company that makes paper

paperweight paperweights n
presse-papiers presse-papier
A small, decorative, somewhat weighty object placed on one or more pieces of paper to keep them from fluttering away.
presse-papiers
Any object used for this purpose.

paperwork /ˈpeɪ.pɚ.wɚk/ /ˈpeɪ.pɚˌwɝk/ n
tâches administratives
routine work involving written documents

papess papesses n
papesse
(obsolete) A female pope, i.e. the fictitious Pope Joan.

papier-mâché /ˌpapɪ.eɪ ˈmaʃeɪ/ /ˌpeɪpɚ məˈʃeɪ/ n
papier mâché
Torn-up paper and other possible materials mixed with paste or glue used to create, when the mass is dried, a durable sculptural object.

papillary more papillary most papillary adj
papillaire
Having the properties or appearance of a papilla (nipple).

papillary muscle papillary muscles n
muscle papillaire

papilloma papillomas papillomata n
papillome
(pathology, oncology) An epithelial tumour, usually benign, with the appearance of a papilla

papillomatosis papillomatoses n
papillomatose
(pathology) the presence of papillomas

papist /ˈpeɪp.ɪst/ more papist most papist adj
papiste
(religious slur, Christianity) Being a papist.

papist /ˈpeɪp.ɪst/ papists n
papiste
(religious slur, Christianity) A Roman Catholic, whose loyalties are seen to be with the papacy in Rome.

pappardelle /ˌpæpɑɹˈdɛleɪ/ /ˌpæpɑːˈdɛleɪ/ n
pappardelle
A broad form of fettuccine, or a narrow form of lasagne, traditionally eaten with a meat sauce (especially one made with hare).

pappus pappi pappuses n
pappus aigrette

paprika /pæpˈɹiːkə/ /pəˈpɹiːkə/ /ˈpæpɹɪkə/ paprikas n
paprika
A bright reddish orange colour resembling that of the ground spice.

papule papules n
papule
A small, inflammatory, irritated spot on the skin, similar in appearance to a pimple, but not containing pus.

papyrologist papyrologists n
papyrologue
A student of or expert in papyrology, the study of papyrus and ancient writings on papyrus.

papyrology papyrologies n
papyrologie
The study of papyrus, particularly the branch of archeology concerning ancient texts written on papyrus.

papyrus /pəˈpaɪɹəs/ papyri papyruses n
papyrus
(usually, uncountable) A plant (Cyperus papyrus) in the sedge family, native to the Nile river valley, paper reed.
(usually, uncountable) A material similar to paper made from the papyrus plant.
(countable) A scroll or document written on papyrus.

para alpine skiing n
ski para-alpin

para ice hockey n
para-hockey sur glace

para nordic skiing n
ski para-nordique

para-alpine n
para-alpin

para-athlete para-athletes n
para-athlète

para-biathlon n
parabiathlon

para-fascism /ˌpæɹəˈfæʃɪz(ə)m/ /ˌpɛɹəˈfæʃˌɪzəm/ n
parafascisme
(fascism) A social order giving off impressions of being dynamically fascist and populist, but trying to abstain from its most radical practices.

para-nordic n
para-nordique

parabanic acid n
acide parabanique

parabasis parabases n
parabase
(historical, Ancient Greece) The part of an Ancient Greek comedy in which the actors leave the stage and the chorus addresses the audience directly.

parabellum parabellums n
parabellum

parable /ˈpaɹəbəl/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.bəl/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.bəl/ parables n
parabole
A short narrative illustrating a lesson (usually religious/moral) by comparison or analogy.

parabola /pəˈɹæbələ/ parabolae parabolas parabolæ n
parabole
(geometry) The conic section formed by the intersection of a cone with a plane parallel to a tangent plane to the cone; the locus of points equidistant from a fixed point (the focus) and line (the directrix).

parabolize v
paraboler
(intransitive) To speak in parables.
paraboliser
(transitive) To make (a mirror etc) parabolic.

paraboloid paraboloids n
paraboloïde
(mathematics) A surface having a parabolic cross section parallel to an axis, and circular or elliptical cross section perpendicular to the axis; especially the surface of revolution of a parabola.

paracentesis paracenteses n
paracentèse
(surgery) A medical procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from a body cavity, most commonly the abdomen.

parachute /ˈpæɹəʃuːt/ parachutes n
parachute
(aviation) A device, generally constructed from fabric, that is designed to employ air resistance to control the fall of an object or person, causing them to float instead of falling.
(BDSM) A small collar which fastens around the scrotum and from which weights can be hung.

parachuting parachutings n
parachutisme
The sport or activity of jumping with a parachute.

parachutist parachutists n
parachutiste
Someone who jumps from an aircraft using a parachute, especially as a sport.

paraclete /ˈpæɹəkliːt/ paracletes n
paraclet
An advocate or helper.

paracletic adj
paraclétique

paraclimactic adj
paraclimacique

paraclinical adj
paraclinique

paracompact adj
paracompact
(mathematics, of a topological space) In which every open cover admits an open locally finite refinement.

paracycling n
paracyclisme

parade /pəˈɹeɪd/ parades n
parade défilé
A public procession, especially one commemorating a holiday or special event or (dated) in protest.
défilé étalage
(figurative) Synonym of show: any similarly orderly or ostentatious display, especially of a variety of people or a series of things paraded around.

parade ground parade grounds n
place d’armes
(military) A large area of firm ground, formerly usually adjacent to fortifications and now usually a paved area at a military base, where soldiers present themselves for inspection ("parade") and practice marching and close-order drills.

paradichlorobenzene paradichlorobenzenes n
paradichlorobenzène
(organic compound) 1,4-dichlorobenzene, an organic compound used as a pesticide (i.e., mothballs) and a deodorant.

paradiddle /ˈpæɹəˌdɪdəl/ paradiddles n
moulin
(music) A percussive exercise (one of 26 drum rudiments per the National Association of Rudimental Drummers or one of 40 per the Percussive Arts Society) which involves playing four even strokes in the order ‘right left right right’ or ‘left right left left.’

paradigm /ˈpeɪ.ɹə.daɪm/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪm/ /ˈpæɹ.ə.dɑɪm/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪm/ paradigmata paradigms n
paradigme
A pattern, a way of doing something, especially a pattern of thought, a system of beliefs, a conceptual framework.
(linguistics) A set of all forms which contain a common element, especially the set of all inflectional forms of a word or a particular grammatical category.

paradigm leveling paradigm levelings n
nivellement analogique nivellement paradigmatique

paradigm shift paradigm shifts n
changement de paradigme
(sciences) A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm. [from 1962]

paradigmatic /ˌpæɹ.ə.daɪ.ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpæɹ.ə.dɪ(ɡ).ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.daɪ.ˈmæ.tɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.dɪ(ɡ).ˈmæ.tɪk/ more paradigmatic most paradigmatic adj
paradigmatique
Of or pertaining to a paradigm.

paradisaic more paradisaic most paradisaic adj
paradisiaque
Of or relating to paradise (or heaven)

paradise /ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.daɪs/ paradises n
paradis
(figuratively) A very pleasant place, such as a place full of lush vegetation.
paradis cieux
(slang) The upper gallery in a theatre.

paradise on earth paradises on earth n
paradis sur terre paradis terrestre
(idiomatic) An ideal or idyllic place.

paradise parrot paradise parrots n
perruche de paradis
A colourful, medium-sized parrot, Psephotus pulcherrimus, native to the grassy woodlands of the Queensland - New South Wales border area of northeastern Australia, believed to be extinct.

paradisiacal /pæɹədɪˈsaɪəkəl/ more paradisiacal most paradisiacal adj
paradisiaque
Of or resembling paradise.

paradox /ˈpæɹ.əˌdɑks/ /ˈpæɹ.əˌdɒks/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌdɑks/ paradoxes n
paradoxe
An apparently self-contradictory statement, which can only be true if it is false, and vice versa.
paradoxe antinomie
(uncountable, philosophy) A state in which one is logically compelled to contradict oneself.

paradoxical /ˌpæɹəˈdɒksɪkəl/ /ˌpɛɹəˈdɑːksɪkəl/ more paradoxical most paradoxical adj
paradoxal
Having self-contradictory properties.

paradoxical frog /ˌpæɹəˈdɒksɪkəl fɹɒɡ/ /ˌpɛɹəˈdɑːksɪkəl fɹɑɡ/ /ˌpɛɹəˈdɑːksɪkəl fɹɔɡ/ paradoxical frogs n
grenouille paradoxale
Pseudis paradoxa, a species of frog unusual because it is larger as a tadpole (up to 25 cm or 10 in. long) than as an adult (about a quarter of that length).

paradoxically more paradoxically most paradoxically adv
paradoxalement
In a paradoxical manner; so as to create a paradox.

paraffin /ˈpæɹ.ə.fɪn/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.fɪn/ paraffins n
paraffine
(chemistry) Any member of the alkane hydrocarbons.

paraffin /ˈpæɹ.ə.fɪn/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.fɪn/ v
paraffiner
To impregnate or treat with paraffin.

paraffin oil paraffin oils n
huile de paraffine

paraffin wax paraffin waxes n
paraffine
A waxy white solid hydrocarbon mixture used to make candles, wax paper, lubricants, and sealing materials.

paraglider paragliders n
parapentiste
One who paraglides.
parapente aile voile
The complete equipment used for paragliding, consisting of a paraglider wing and a harness.

paragliding /ˈpæɹəɡlaɪdɪŋ/ n
parapente
The sport of gliding with a paraglider.

paragoge /pæɹəˈɡəʊd͡ʒi/ paragoges n
paragoge
(grammar, prosody) The addition of a sound, syllable or letter to the end of a word, either through natural development or as a grammatical function.

paragogic more paragogic most paragogic adj
paragogique

paragon /ˈpæɹəɡən/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɑn/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/ paragons n
parangon
A person of preeminent qualities, who acts as a pattern or model for others. [from 16th c.]
petit-parangon
(typography, printing, dated) The size of type between great primer and double pica, standardized as 20-point. [from 18th c.]

paragon /ˈpæɹəɡən/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɑn/ /ˈpæɹəˌɡɔn/ v
parangonner
To serve as a model for; to surpass.

paragraph /ˈpæɹəɡɹæf/ /ˈpæɹəɡɹɑːf/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹæf/ paragraphs n
paragraphe alinéa
A passage in text that starts on a new line, the first line sometimes being indented, and usually marks a change of topic.
(originally) A mark or note set in the margin to call attention to something in the text, such as a change of subject.

parahockey n
para-hockey

parakeet /paɹəˈkiːt/ /ˈpaɹəkiːt/ /ˈpɛɹəkit/ parakeets n
perruche
Any of various species of small parrot primarily of tropical regions. [from 16th c.]

parakeet auklet parakeet auklets n
starique perroquet
A bird, Aethia psittacula, native to the islands and coast of Alaska.

paralanguage paralanguages n
paralangage
(linguistics) The non-verbal elements of speech, and to a limited extent of writing, used to modify meaning and convey emotion, such as pitch, volume, and intonation

paralegal paralegals n
parajuriste paralégal
(legal) One who assists a lawyer in routine legal work, but who is without qualified status as a solicitor or barrister (England and Wales), attorney (U.S.), or advocate; known more commonly in the U.S. as a legal assistant.

paralinguistic /pæɹəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ /ˌpæɹəlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk/ adj
paralinguistique
Of or pertaining to, or communicated through, paralanguage; of or pertaining to paralinguistics.

paralipomenon /pæɹəlɪˈpɒmɪnɒn/ paralipomena n
paralipomènes
(usually, in plural) An omission, especially one of a book, added later as a supplement.

paralipsis /ˌpæ.ɹəˈlɪp.sɪs/ paraleipses n
paralipse
(rhetoric, linguistics) A figure of speech in which one pretends to ignore or omit something by actually mentioning it. [from 16th c.]

paraliterature n
paralittérature

parallactic adj
parallactique
Of or pertaining to parallax

parallax /ˈpæɹ.əˌlæks/ parallaxes n
parallaxe
An apparent shift in the position of two stationary objects relative to each other as viewed by an observer, due to a change in observer position.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ adj
parallèle
Equally distant from one another at all points.
(computing) Involving the processing of multiple tasks at the same time.
parallèle à parallèle
Having the same overall direction; the comparison is indicated with "to".

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ more parallel most parallel adv
parallèlement
With a parallel relationship.

parallel /ˈpæɹ.əˌlɛl/ /ˈpɛɹ.əˌlɛl/ parallels n
parallèle
A line of latitude.
(military) One of a series of long trenches constructed before a besieged fortress, by the besieging force, as a cover for troops supporting the attacking batteries. They are roughly parallel to the line of outer defenses of the fortress.

parallel bars n
barres parallèles
A set of apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart, upon which acts of swinging and holding and jumping and dips are performed.

parallel import parallel imports n
importation parallèle
A legitimate product imported from another country without the permission of the intellectual property owner.

parallel park v
stationner en créneau stationner en parallèle
To park a vehicle with side parallel to the curb or the side of the road in line with other parked vehicles.

parallel parking parallel parkings n
stationnement en créneau
The action of parking a vehicle with its side parallel to the curb or the side of the road and facing in the direction of the traffic in the adjacent lane.

parallel universe parallel universes n
univers parallèle
(sciences, scifi, cosmology) A universe that exists separately alongside another universe, as part of a multiverse.

parallelepiped /ˌpæɹəlɛˈlɛpɪpɛd/ /ˌpæɹəˌlɛləˈpaɪpɪd/ parallelepipeds n
parallélépipède
(geometry) A solid figure, having six faces, all parallelograms, all opposite faces being similar and parallel.

parallelepipedic adj
parallélépipèdique

parallelism /ˈpaɹəlɛlɪz(ə)m/ parallelisms n
parallélisme
The state or condition of being parallel; agreement in direction, tendency, or character.

parallelize v
paralléliser
To make parallel (to each other).

parallelogram /ˌpæ.ɹə.ˈlɛl.ə.ˌɡɹæm/ parallelograms n
parallélogramme
(geometry) A convex quadrilateral in which each pair of opposite edges are parallel and of equal length.

parallelogrammatic adj
parallélogrammatique

parallelotope parallelotopes n
parallélotope
(geometry) A generalization of parallelogram and parallelepiped into a figure of arbitrary dimensionality.

paralogism /pəˈɹaləd͡ʒɪzəm/ /pəˈɹæləd͡ʒɪzəm/ paralogisms n
paralogie paralogisme
A fallacious argument or illogical conclusion, especially one committed by mistake, or believed by the speaker to be logical.

paralogous more paralogous most paralogous adj
paralogue
(metaphorical) Having a similar structure, quality or nature indicating divergence or relationship from a common point of origin.

paralysis /pəˈɹæləsəs/ paralyses n
paralysie
(pathology) The complete loss of voluntary control of part of a person's body, such as one or more limbs.

paralytic /ˌpæɹəˈlɪtɪk/ paralytics n
paralytique
Someone suffering from paralysis.

paralyze /ˈparəlʌɪz/ v
paralyser
(transitive) To afflict with paralysis.

paralyzed more paralyzed most paralyzed adj
paralysé
Partly or wholly incapable of movement; disabled.

paralyzing more paralyzing most paralyzing adj
paralysant paralysateur
That paralyzes.

paramaleate paramaleates n
paramaléate

paramecium /ˌpæ.ɹəˈmiː.si.əm/ /ˌpɛ.ɹəˈmi.si.əm/ paramecia parameciums n
paramécie
An oval-shaped protozoan organism of the genus Paramecium.

paramedic /ˌpæɹəˈmɛdɪk/ paramedics n
brancardier ambulancier ambulancière brancardière
An individual trained to medically stabilize people through various interventions, victims of trauma or medical events outside of a hospital setting and preparing them for transport to a medical facility.

parameter /pəˈɹæm.ə.tɚ/ /pəˈɹæm.ɪ.tə/ [pəˈɹæm.ə.ɾɚ] parameters n
paramètre
A value kept constant during an experiment, equation, calculation, or similar, but varied over other versions of the experiment, equation, calculation, etc.
(programming) An input variable of a function definition, that gets an actual value (argument) at execution time.

parametric /pæɹ.əˈmet.ɹɪk/ /pæɹ.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk/ [pæɹ.əˈmet͡ʃ.ɹɪk] [pæɹ.əˈmɛt͡ʃ.ɹɪk] [ˌpɛɹ.əˈmɛt͡ʃ.ɹɪk] adj
paramétrique

parametrize v
paramétrer
To describe in terms of parameters

paramilitary /ˌpɛɹəˈmɪlɪˌtɛɹi/ adj
paramilitaire
relating to a paramilitary [1935]

paramilitary /ˌpɛɹəˈmɪlɪˌtɛɹi/ paramilitaries n
paramilitaire organisation paramilitaire
A group of civilians trained and organized in a military fashion, but which do not represent the formal forces of a sovereign power.
paramilitaire
(colloquial) A member of a paramilitary group.

paramorphism paramorphisms n
paramorphose
(geology) A change in the physical structure of a mineral without any chemical change.

paramount /ˈpæɹəmaʊnt/ /ˈpæɹəˌmaʊnt/ /ˈpɛ-/ adj
capital primordial
Of the highest importance.

paramour /ˈpæ.ɹə.mɔː/ /ˈpæ.ɹə.mʊə/ /ˈpæɹəmɔɹ/ paramours n
amante amant maîtresse
(somewhat, archaic) An illicit lover, either male or female.

paranasal sinus paranasal sinuses n
sinus paranasal
(anatomy) Any of a number of air-filled spaces, or sinuses, within the bones of the skull and face.

paranoia /ˌpæɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈnɔɪ.ə/ paranoias paranoiæ n
paranoïa
The obsolete name for a psychotic disorder, now called delusional disorder, often (in one of 6 subtypes) characterized by delusions of persecution and perceived threat against the individual affected with the disorder, and often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others
Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

paranoiac /ˌpæɹəˈnɔɪæk/ more paranoiac most paranoiac adj
paranoïaque
Pertaining to, or exhibiting, paranoia.

paranoid /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ more paranoid most paranoid adj
paranoïaque
Of, related to, or suffering from clinical paranoia
(informal) Exhibiting excessive fear, suspicion, or distrust

paranoid /ˈpæɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ /ˈpɛɹ.ə.ˌnɔɪd/ paranoids n
paranoïaque parano
Someone suffering from paranoia

paranoid personality disorder paranoid personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité paranoïaque
(psychiatry) A mental disorder characterized by paranoia and a pervasive, long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of others.

paranoid schizophrenia paranoid schizophrenias n
schizophrénie paranoïde
(psychiatry) A form of schizophrenia that is accompanied by delusions, either of persecution, grandeur or jealousy.

paranormal more paranormal most paranormal adj
paranormal
That (ostensibly) cannot be explained by what scientists know; supernatural; especially of or pertaining to ghosts, spirits, and supposed abilities like telepathy.

parapet /ˈpæɹ.ə.pɪt/ parapets n
parapet
A low protective wall.
(military) A fortification consisting of a wall.

paraph /ˈpaɹəf/ paraphs n
paraphe
A flourish made after or below one's signature, originally to prevent forgery.

paraphernal adj
paraphernal
(legal) Of or pertaining to a woman's paraphernalia

paraphernalia /ˌpæɹəfəˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌpɛɹəfəˈneɪli.ə/ /ˌpɛɹəfɚˈneɪli.ə/ n
attirail panoplie
Miscellaneous items, especially the set of equipment required for a particular activity.

paraphilia /ˌparəˈfɪlɪ.ə/ paraphiliae paraphilias n
paraphilie
(sexology) Sexual arousal in response to sexual objects or situations which may interfere with the capacity for reciprocal affectionate sexual activity or lead to clinically significant distress or impairment (e.g. are obligatory, require participation of unconsenting individuals, lead to legal issues).

paraphimosis paraphimoses n
paraphimosis
A medical condition where the foreskin becomes trapped behind the glans.

paraphrase /ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/ paraphrases n
paraphrase
A restatement of a text in different words, often to clarify meaning.

paraphrase /ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/ v
paraphraser
(ambitransitive) To restate something as, or to compose a paraphrase. To repeat a written or spoken phrase/quote using different words, often in a simpler and shorter form, or sometimes in a humorous context.

paraphrast paraphrasts n
paraphraste
(rare) someone who paraphrases

paraphrastic more paraphrastic most paraphrastic adj
paraphrastique
Pertaining to a paraphrase.

paraphrenia paraphrenias n
paraphrénie
(psychiatry) Any of a group of psychotic illnesses involving delusions, distinct from paranoia and schizophrenia.

paraphrenic /ˌpæ.ɹəˈfɹɛnɪk/ more paraphrenic most paraphrenic adj
paraphrénique
Having or pertaining to paraphrenia.

paraphyletic adj
paraphylétique
(systematics) Of a defined group of taxa: not including all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of all members.

paraplegia paraplegias n
paraplégie
(pathology) A condition where the lower half of a patient's body is paralyzed and cannot move.

paraplegic /ˌpɛɹəpəˈlid͡ʒɪk/ /ˌpɛɹəˈplid͡ʒɪk/ adj
paraplégique
Of, related to, or suffering from paraplegia. Paralyzed from the lower half of the body down.

parapsychology /ˌpɛɹəˌsaɪˈkɑlədʒi/ parapsychologies n
parapsychologie
The study of alleged paranormal phenomena; psychic or occult phenomena, such as telepathy and ghosts.

parareligious adj
parareligieux

parasang /ˈpaɹəsaŋ/ /ˈpɛɹəsæŋ/ parasang parasangs n
parasange
A historical Iranian unit of itinerant distance used throughout the Western Mediterranean and the Middle East in antiquity, originally the distance travelled in one hour, and generally assumed to be equivalent to about six kilometres. [from 16th c.]

parasite /ˈpæɹəˌsaɪt/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsaɪt/ parasites n
parasite profiteur
(pejorative) A person who lives on other people's efforts or expense and gives little or nothing back. [from 16th c.]
parasite
(biology) An organism that lives on or in another organism of a different species, deriving benefit from living on or in that other organism, while not contributing towards that other organism sufficiently to cover the cost to that other organism.

parasiticide /ˌpæɹəˈsɪtɪsaɪd/ parasiticides n
parasiticide
Any substance used to kill parasites.

parasitiform parasitiforms n
parasitiforme

parasitism /ˈpæɹəs(a)ɪˌtɪzm̩/ parasitisms n
parasitisme
(ecology) Interaction between two organisms, in which one organism (the parasite) benefits and the other (the host) is harmed.

parasitize v
parasiter
(biology) To live on or in a host organism as a parasite.

parasitoid parasitoids n
parasitoïde
Any organism that is parasitic during part of its life cycle, especially one that eventually kills its host.

parasitologist parasitologists n
parasitologue
A person who works in parasitology.

parasitology n
parasitologie
A study of parasites.

paraskiing n
paraski
(disability) a winter sport for handicapped people, a variant of skiing adapted for the disabled.

parasnowboarding n
para-surf des neiges
A parasport, an adapted version of snowboarding; The sport of parasnowboard.

parasol /ˈpæɹəˌsɒl/ /ˈpɛɹəˌsɑl/ parasols n
parasol ombrelle
A small light umbrella used as protection from the sun.

parasomnia parasomnias n
parasomnie
(psychiatry, medicine) Any of several sleep disorders.

parasport parasports n
parasport
(countable, sports) disabled sport

parasympathetic /ˌpa.ɹə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpæɹ.ə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ə.sɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ adj
parasympathique
(neuroanatomy, neurology, relational) Of or relating to the part of the autonomic nervous system that inhibits or opposes the effects of the sympathetic nervous system. It consists of nerves arising from the brain and the lower end of the spinal cord and supplying the internal organs, blood vessels, and glands.

parasympathomimetic adj
parasympathicomimétique
(pharmaceutical effect) Acting by stimulating the parasympathetic nervous system.

parasynthesis parasyntheses n
parasynthèse

parasynthetic adj
parasynthétique
(grammar) Being a compound word formed by parasynthesis, i.e. by adding several affixes simultaneously, without “intermediate” forms.

parataxis /paɹəˈtaksɪs/ parataxes n
parataxe
(grammar) Speech or writing in which clauses or phrases are placed together without being separated by conjunctions, for example "I came; I saw; I conquered".

paratha parathas n
paratha
an Indian bread with a texture somewhat resembling puff pastry; sometimes stuffed with vegetables etc.

parathlete parathletes n
parathlète

parathyroid gland parathyroid glands n
parathyroïde glande parathyroïde
(anatomy) Any one of four endocrine glands situated in the neck, usually within a thyroid gland, which produce parathyroid hormone.

paratomic adj
paratomique

paratomy paratomies n
paratomie

paratrooper paratroopers n
parachutiste para parachutiste militaire
A type of soldier who is trained to enter combat zones by parachuting from aircraft.

parazoan parazoans n
parazoaire
(zoology) Any sponge (of the subkingdom Parazoa)

parboil v
blanchir
To boil food briefly so that it is partly cooked.

parc fermé parcs fermés n
parc fermé
(motor racing) A secure car park where competing cars must be left, and where no maintenance, repairs, or enhancements may be performed, for example during rest periods.
(motorsport) A car configuration race condition, where no or severely limited modifications may be made on a racing car, while the race condition is active.

parcel /ˈpɑɹsəl/ [ˈpʰaː.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑɹ.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑː.səɫ] parcels n
colis paquet
A package wrapped for shipment.
parcelle
A division of land bought and sold as a unit.

parcel /ˈpɑɹsəl/ [ˈpʰaː.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑɹ.səɫ] [ˈpʰɑː.səɫ] v
emballer empaqueter envelopper
To wrap something up into the form of a package.

parcel tape parcel tapes n
ruban adhésif ruban adhésif d'emballage ruban d'emballage
A pressure-sensitive tape used for closing or sealing corrugated fiberboard boxes.

parch /pɑɹt͡ʃ/ /pɑːtʃ/ v
assoiffer
(transitive) To dry to extremity; to shrivel with heat.
(transitive, colloquial) To make very thirsty.

parched /pɑɹt͡ʃt/ /pɑːtʃt/ more parched most parched adj
desséché sec
Dry.
assoiffé desséché sec
Very thirsty.

parchment /ˈpɑːtʃmənt/ /ˈpʰɑɹt͡ʃmənt/ parchments n
parchemin
Material, made from the polished skin of a calf, sheep, goat or other animal, used like paper for writing.
A document made on such material.
A diploma (traditionally written on parchment).
parchemin vélin
Stiff paper imitating that material.

parchment paper parchment papers n
papier sulfurisé
Cellulose-based paper used in baking as a disposable nonstick surface.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] interjection
désolé excuse-moi excusez-moi quoi
Often used when someone does not understand what another person says.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] pardons n
pardon
Forgiveness for an offence.
grâce
(legal) An order that releases a convicted criminal without further punishment, prevents future punishment, or (in some jurisdictions) removes an offence from a person's criminal record, as if it had never been committed.

pardon /ˈpaːdɘn/ /ˈpɑɹd(ə)n/ /ˈpɑːdn̩/ [ˈpʰäːɾɘn] [ˈpʰɑ˞dn̩] v
grâce
pardonner
(transitive) To forgive (a person).
gracier pardonner
(transitive, legal) To grant an official pardon for a crime.

pardon me phraseologicalUnit
excusez-moi
(idiomatic) Sorry; said as an apology.

pardon my French /ˌpɑɹd(ə)n maɪ ˈfɹɛn(t)ʃ/ /ˌpɑːdn̩ maɪ ˈfɹɛn(t)ʃ/ v
passez-moi [[l']]expression
(intransitive, idiomatic, often, humorous) To excuse the speaker's frankness of expression or profanity.

pardonable more pardonable most pardonable adj
pardonnable
Capable of being pardoned; worthy of pardon.

pare /pɛə(ɹ)/ /pɛɹ/ v
peler éplucher
(transitive) To remove the outer covering or skin of something with a cutting device, typically a knife.
rogner
(transitive, often, with down or back) To reduce, diminish or trim gradually something as if by cutting off.

pareidolia /ˌpæɹ.aɪˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpæɹ.aɪˈdəʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpæɹ.iˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.aɪˈdoʊ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛɹ.iˈdoʊ.li.ə/ pareidolias n
paréidolie
(psychology) The tendency to interpret a vague stimulus as something known to the observer, such as interpreting marks on Mars as canals, seeing shapes in clouds, or hearing hidden messages in music.

paremiology /pəˌɹiːmiˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
parémiologie
The study of proverbs.

parenchyma /pəˈɹɛŋ.kɪm.ə/ parenchymas parenchymata n
parenchyme
(anatomy) The functional tissue of an organ as distinguished from the connective and supporting tissue.

parent /ˈpæɹ.ənt/ /ˈpɛə.ɹənt/ /ˈpɛɚ.ənt/ parents n
parent géniteur génitrice
One of the two persons from whom one is immediately biologically descended; a mother or father. [from 15th c.]

parent company parent companies n
société mère
(business) A company that owns or controls one or more other companies.

parent language parent languages n
langue mère

parent-in-law parents-in-law n
beau-parent
One's spouse's parent.

parentage parentages n
parenté
The identity and nature of one's parents, and in particular, the legitimacy of one's birth.

parental more parental most parental adj
parental
Of or relating to a parent.

parental leave parental leaves n
congé parental
A leave of absence from a job for a parent to take care of a baby.

parenteral adj
parentéral
(medicine) Administered by some means that avoids the gastrointestinal tract, particularly intravenously or by injection.

parentheme parenthemes n
parenthème
(arithmetic, linguistics) The expression inside a pair of parentheses.

parenthesis /pəˈɹɛnθəsɪs/ parentheses n
parenthèse
A clause, phrase or word which is inserted (usually for explanation or amplification) into a passage which is already grammatically complete, and usually marked off with brackets, commas or dashes.
(rhetoric) A digression; the use of such digressions.
parenthèse parenthèses
Either of a pair of brackets, especially round brackets, ( and ) (used to enclose parenthetical material in a text).
parenthèses
(mathematics, logic) Such brackets as used to clarify expressions by grouping those terms affected by a common operator, or to enclose the components of a vector or the elements of a matrix.

parenthesize /pəˈɹɛnθ.ə.saɪz/ v
mettre entre parenthèses
To place text in parentheses.

parenthetically /ˈpæɹənˌθɛtɪkli/ more parenthetically most parenthetically adv
entre parenthèses
As an aside, incidentally.
par parenthèse
Using parentheses.

parenthood parenthoods n
parentalité parenté
The state of being a parent

pareo /ˈpɑː(ɹ)i.əʊ/ pareos n
paréo
A wraparound garment, worn by men or women, similar to a Malaysian sarong.

paresis /pəˈɹiːsɪs/ pareses n
parésie
A paralysis which is incomplete or which occurs in isolated areas.
Inflammation of the brain as a cause of dementia or paralysis.

paresthesia /ˌpærɪsˈθiːziə, -ʒə/ paresthesiae paresthesias n
paresthésie
A sensation of burning, prickling, itching, or tingling of the skin, with no obvious cause.

parget /ˈpɑɹd͡ʒɪt/ /ˈpɑːd͡ʒɪt/ pargets n
gypse
Gypsum.

parget /ˈpɑɹd͡ʒɪt/ /ˈpɑːd͡ʒɪt/ v
crépir
To coat with gypsum; to plaster, for example walls, or the interior of flues.

pari-mutuel /ˌpaɹiˈmjuːtʃʊəl/ pari-mutuels paris-mutuels n
pari mutuel
(horse racing) Any betting system in which all bets of a particular type are placed together in a pool; taxes and a house take are removed, and payoff odds are calculated by sharing the pool among all placed bets. [from 19th c.]

pariah /pəˈɹaɪə/ pariahs n
paria
Synonym of outcast: A person despised and excluded by their family, community, or society, especially a member of the untouchable castes in Indian society.

paries /ˈpæɹi.iːz/ /ˈpɛəɹi.iːz/ /ˈpɛəɹiːz/ parietes n
paroi
(anatomy) The wall of any cavity in the body.

parietal /pəˈɹaɪ.ə.təl/ more parietal most parietal adj
pariétal
(anatomy) Of or relating to the wall of a body part, organ or cavity.

parietal lobe /pəˈɹaɪətəl ˌloʊb/ parietal lobes n
lobe pariétal
(anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain.

paring knife paring knives n
couteau d'office
A thin-bladed knife intended for coring and paring (peeling) fruit such as apples as well as slicing small ingredients. It is especially used for precise and controlled cutting.

parish /ˈpæɹɪʃ/ /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/ parishes n
paroisse
In the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran and Roman Catholic Church, an administrative part of a diocese that has its own church.
The community attending that church; the members of the parish.
(US) An ecclesiastical society, usually not bounded by territorial limits, but composed of those persons who choose to unite under the charge of a particular priest, clergyman, or minister; also, loosely, the territory in which the members of a congregation live.
paroisse commune
A civil subdivision of a British county, often corresponding to an earlier ecclesiastical parish.

parish assembly parish assemblies n
assemblée paroissiale
(Jersey, government) the decision-making body of local government, comprising ratepayers and electors of the parish

parish church parish churches n
église paroissiale
A church that serves as the religious centre of a parish; the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches.

parish priest parish priests n
curé
(Roman Catholicism) The main priest serving a parish.

parishioner /pəˈɹɪʃnə(ɹ)/ /pəˈɹɪʃənə(ɹ)/ parishioners n
paroissien paroissienne
A member of a parish.

parison /ˈpæɹɪsən/ /ˈpɛɹəsən/ parisons n
paraison
(glassblowing) A spherical mass of glass, rolled immediately after being taken out of the furnace.

parity /ˈpæɹɪti/ parities n
parité
(uncountable) Equality; comparability of strength or intensity.
(mathematics, countable) A set with the property of having all of its elements belonging to one of two disjoint subsets, especially a set of integers split in subsets of even and odd elements.
(mathematics, countable) The classification of an element of a set with parity into one of the two sets.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] parks n
parc jardin public
An area of land set aside for environment preservation or recreation.

park /pɐk/ /pɑɹk/ [pɑɹk] [pʰäːk] [pʰɑɹk] [pʰɑːk] [pʰɒək] v
garer stationner parquer
(transitive) To bring (something such as a vehicle) to a halt or store in a specified place.

park the bus v
faire de [[l']]antijeu

parka /ˈpɑɹkə/ /ˈpɑːkə/ parkas n
parka doudoune
(clothing) A long jacket with a hood which protects the wearer against rain and wind.

parking /ˈpɑɹkɪŋ/ /ˈpɑːkɪŋ/ parkings n
stationnement
The action of the verb to park.
parking stationnement
Space in which to park a car or other vehicle.

parking brake parking brakes n
frein à main frein de parking frein de stationnement
A brake in a vehicle that can be set to avoid the vehicle rolling down a hill or being pushed away.

parking disc parking discs n
disque de stationnement
A device placed inside a parked vehicle, indicating either the time of its arrival, or its legitimacy to park in a specified place

parking garage parking garages n
parking à étages
(US) A building for vehicles to park in, typically with several floors and sometimes underground.

parking light parking lights n
feux de position feux de stationnement
The light under the headlight of a vehicle.

parking lot parking lots n
parking parc de stationnement stationnement
(North America, Philippines, Malaysia) An open area, generally paved, where automobiles may be left when not in use.

parking meter parking meters n
parcmètre parcomètre
A device, located by a parking space, that collects payment in exchange for the right to park a vehicle for a specified time.

parking space parking spaces n
place de parking place de stationnement
A space in which a car or other vehicle can be parked.

parking ticket /ˈpɑɹ.kɪŋ ˈtɪk.ɪt/ /ˈpɑː.kɪŋ ˈtɪk.ɪt/ parking tickets n
amende amende de stationnement
A legal summons issued for parking a motor vehicle in a place where such parking is restricted, or beyond the time paid for.

parkinsonian adj
parkinsonien

parkour /pɑɹˈkʊɹ/ /pɑːˈkɔː/ /pɑːˈkʊə/ n
parkour
(sport) An athletic discipline, in which practitioners traverse any environment in the most efficient way possible using their physical abilities, and which commonly involves running, jumping, vaulting, rolling, flipping, and other similar physical movements.

parkway /ˈpɑɹkˌweɪ/ parkways n
promenade
(dated) A path, carriage-way, or road through a park or a landscaped right of way.

parley /ˈpɑɹli/ /ˈpɑːleɪ/ /ˈpɑːlɪ/ parleys n
pourparlers
A conference, especially one between enemies.

parliament /ˈpaːləmənt/ /ˈpɑɹləmənt/ /ˈpɑːləmənt/ /ˈpɑːlɪəmənt/ parliaments n
parlement
In many countries, the legislative branch of government, a deliberative assembly or set of assemblies whose elected or appointed members meet to debate the major political issues of the day, make, amend, and repeal laws, authorize the executive branch of government to spend money, and in some cases exercise judicial powers; a legislature. [from 14th c.]
A particular assembly of the members of such a legislature, as convened for a specific purpose or period of time (commonly designated with an ordinal number – for example, first parliament or 12th parliament – or a descriptive adjective – for example, Long Parliament, Short Parliament and Rump Parliament). [from 14th c.]
pain d'épices
(historical) Parliament cake, a type of gingerbread. [from 19th c.]

parliamentarian /ˌpɑː(ɹ)ləmənˈtɛəɹiən/ parliamentarians n
parlementaire
(Commonwealth) A member of a parliament, congress or an elected national legislative body of another name.

parliamentarism parliamentarisms n
parlementarisme
The system of government in which the executive branch is legitimised by parliament.

parliamentary /ˌpaːləˈment(ə)ɹi/ /ˌpɑɹləˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˌpɑːləˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/ adj
parlementaire
Of, relating to, or enacted by a parliament.

parlor /ˈpaːlɔː/ /ˈpɑɹlɚ/ /ˈpɑːlə/ parlors n
salon parloir
The living room of a house, or a room for entertaining guests; a room for talking; a sitting-room or drawing room
salon
A shop or other business selling goods or services specified by context.
salle de traite
A shed used for milking cattle.

parmesan /ˈpɑɹ.məˌʒɑn/ /ˈpɑː(ɹ).məˌzɑːn/ /ˈpɑːməˌzən/ /ˈpɑːmɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑːmɪˈzæn/ parmesans n
parmesan
A hard, full-fat Italian cheese from Parma.

parochial /pəˈɹoʊki.əl/ /pəˈɹəʊkɪəl/ more parochial most parochial adj
paroissial
Pertaining to a parish.
provincial égocentrique étriqué
Characterized by an unsophisticated focus on local concerns to the exclusion of wider contexts; elementary in scope or outlook.

parochial school parochial schools n
école paroissiale
A school associated with the parish of a church.

parochialism parochialisms n
esprit de clocher
The quality or state of being parochial; especially: selfish pettiness or narrowness (as of interests, opinions, or views).

parodic more parodic most parodic adj
parodique
Of, related to, or having characteristics of parody.

parody /ˈpæɹədi/ /ˈpɛɹədi/ parodies n
parodie
A work or performance that imitates another work or performance with ridicule or irony.
(countable, archaic) A popular maxim, adage, or proverb.

parody /ˈpæɹədi/ /ˈpɛɹədi/ v
parodier
(transitive) To make a parody of something.

parole /pəˈɹoʊl/ [p(ʰ)ə.ˈɹəʊɫ] [pʰə.ˈɹʷoʊɫ] [pʰɹ̩.ˈoʊɫ] paroles n
libération conditionnelle
(with on) Originally, one's oath or word of honour, given as a condition of release from custody; now specifically, describing the release of a former prisoner under certain conditions, especially the promise of good behaviour. [from 17th c.]
Conditional release of a prisoner (now especially before the end of a custodial sentence), or the term or state of such release; the system governing such releases. [from 17th c.]

paronomasia /pæɹənɵˈmeɪzɪə/ /pæɹənɵˈmeɪʒə/ paronomasias n
paronomase
(rhetoric) A pun or play on words.

paronym paronyms n
paronyme
(rare) A near-homophone, a word that sounds like another word.

paronymic adj
paronymique

parosmia /-ˈɹɑs-/ /-ˈɹɒs-/ /pəˈɹɑz.mi.ə/ /pəˈɹɒz.mɪ.ə/ parosmias n
parosmie
(pathology) A distorted sense of smell, often resulting in the apparent detection of non-existent smells which are mostly unpleasant.

parotid gland parotid glands n
glande parotide parotide
(anatomy) Either of a pair of salivary glands located in front of and below each ear in humans.

parotitic adj
ourlien
Of or pertaining to the parotid gland, or to parotitis (mumps).

parotitis parotitides n
parotidite
(pathology) Inflammation of one or both parotid glands.

parousia n
parousie
The second coming of Christ.

paroxysm /ˈpæ.ɹək.ˌsɪ.zəm/ paroxysms n
paroxysme
A random or sudden outburst (of activity).
A sudden recurrence of a disease, such as a seizure or a coughing fit.

paroxytone /pəˈɹɒk.sɪˌtəʊn/ adj
paroxyton
(linguistics, of a word) Having the stress or accent on the penultimate syllable.

paroxytone /pəˈɹɒk.sɪˌtəʊn/ paroxytones n
paroxyton
(linguistics) A paroxytone word.

parquet /pɑːɹˈkeɪ/ /ˈpɑːkeɪ/ parquets n
parquet
A wooden floor made of parquetry.

parr /pɑː(ɹ)/ parr parrs n
saumoneau tacon
Young salmon, at a stage between fry and smolt when they feed chiefly on invertebrates but cannot tolerate saltwater.

parrhesia /pəˈriːziə/ /pəˈriːʒə/ n
parrhésie
(rhetoric) boldness or freedom in speech

parricide /ˈpæ.ɹɪ.saɪd/ parricides n
parricide
Someone who kills a relative, especially a parent.
The killing of a relative, especially a parent.

parrot /ˈpæɹət/ /ˈpɛɹət/ parrots n
perroquet
A kind of bird, many species of which are colorful and able to mimic human speech, of the order Psittaciformes or (narrowly) of the family Psittacidae.
(metaphorical) A parroter; a person who repeats the words or ideas of others.

parrot /ˈpæɹət/ /ˈpɛɹət/ v
perroqueter perrucher
(transitive) To repeat (exactly what has just been said) without necessarily showing understanding, in the manner of a parrot.

parrot crossbill parrot crossbills n
bec-croisé perroquet
Loxia pytyopsittacus, a small passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae.

parry /ˈpæɹi/ parries n
parade
A defensive or deflective action; an act of parrying.

parry /ˈpæɹi/ v
parer
To avoid, deflect, or ward off (an attack, a blow, an argument, etc.).

parsable more parsable most parsable adj
analysable décomposable

parse /pɑɹs/ /pɑɹz/ /pɑːz/ [pʰɑːz] parses n
analyse
(computing, linguistics) An act of parsing; a parsing.

parse /pɑɹs/ /pɑɹz/ /pɑːz/ [pʰɑːz] v
analyser décomposer
(linguistics, ambitransitive) To resolve (a sentence, etc.) into its elements, pointing out the several parts of speech, and their relation to each other by agreement or government; to analyze and describe grammatically. [from mid 16th c.]
séparer
(computing, ambitransitive) To split (a file or other input) into pieces of data that can be easily manipulated or stored.
parser
(computing, transitive) To resolve (a string of code or text) into its elements to determine if it conforms to a particular grammar.

parsec /ˈpɑɹ.sɛk/ /ˈpɑː.sɛk/ parsecs n
parsec
(astronomy, metrology) Short for parallax second.

parseltongue pn
fourchelang
A fictional language of snakes in the Harry Potter universe.

parser /ˈpɑɹ.sɚ/ /ˈpɑː(ɹ).sə/ /ˈpɑː(ɹ).zə/ parsers n
analyseur
(computing) A computer program that parses.

parsimonious /pɑɹ.sɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /pɑː.sɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/ more parsimonious most parsimonious adj
parcimonieux avare pincé
Exhibiting parsimony; sparing in the expenditure of money; frugal to excess.

parsimony /ˈpɑɹ.sə.ˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈpɑː.sə.ˌməʊ.ni/ parsimonies n
parcimonie
Great reluctance to spend money unnecessarily.
économie
(by extension) The quality or characteristic of using the fewest resources or explanations to solve a problem.

parsing /ˈpɑɹ.sɪŋ/ /ˈpɑː.zɪŋ/ parsings n
analyse syntaxique

parsley /ˈpɑː(ɹ)sli/ parsleys n
persil
(countable, uncountable) A bright green, biennial herb, Petroselinum crispum, having many cultivars.
(uncountable) The leaves of this plant used in Middle Eastern, European, and American cooking.

parsleyed adj
persillé
(cookery) Prepared with parsley.

parsnip /ˈpɑɹ.snɪp/ /ˈpɑː.snɪp/ parsnips n
panais
A biennial plant, Pastinaca sativa, related to the carrot.
The root of the parsnip, when used as a vegetable.

parson /ˈpɑɹsən/ /ˈpɑːs(ə)n/ parsons n
curé curé paroissial
An Anglican cleric having full legal control of a parish under ecclesiastical law; a rector.
pasteur
A Protestant minister.

parsonage parsonages n
cure presbytère
(obsolete) The house, lands, tithes, etc. set apart for the support of the minister of a parish.

part /pɐːt/ /pɑɹt/ /pɑːt/ parts n
partie organe
A fraction of a whole.
rôle
Position or role (especially in a play).
raie
(US) The dividing line formed by combing the hair in different directions.

part /pɐːt/ /pɑɹt/ /pɑːt/ v
séparer
(intransitive) To leave the company of.
(transitive) To divide in two.
(intransitive) To be divided in two or separated.
raie
To cut hair with a parting.
partager
(transitive, now, rare) To divide up; to share.

part and parcel parts and parcels n
partie intégrante
An integral or essential piece; that which must be done or accepted as part of something else.

part company v
divorcer
(transitive with with) To end a relationship.
se séparer
(transitive with with) To separate; to go one's own way (of two or more people or things).

part of speech parts of speech n
partie du discours classe grammaticale classe lexicale
(grammar) A linguistic category of words sharing syntactic or morphological behaviour and semantic properties, such as noun or verb.

part-time adj
à temps partiel
For, during, or involving less than the normal time for some activity, especially the number of hours an employee works.

partake /pɑɹˈteɪk/ /pɑːˈteɪk/ v
participer
(intransitive, formal) To take part in an activity; to participate.

parthenocarpic adj
parthénocarpique
Exhibiting or relating to parthenocarpy.

parthenogenesis /ˌpɑɹθənoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑɹθɪnoʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθənəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ /ˌpɑːθɪnəʊˈd͡ʒɛnɪsɪs/ parthenogeneses n
parthénogenèse
(biology, countable, uncountable) (An instance of) reproduction by the development of a single gamete (an ovum or ovule) without fertilisation by a gamete of the opposite sex; compare monogenesis, metagenesis, and heterogamy.

partial /ˈpɑɹʃəl/ /ˈpɑːʃəl/ more partial most partial adj
partiel
existing as a part or portion; incomplete
(mathematics) of or relating to a partial derivative or partial differential
partial
biased in favor of a person, side, or point of view, especially when dealing with a competition or dispute

partial derivative partial derivatives n
dérivée partielle
(mathematics) A derivative with respect to one variable of a function of several variables with the other variables held constant.

partial differential equation partial differential equations n
équation différentielle aux dérivées partielles
(calculus) A differential equation that involves the partial derivatives of a function of several variables.

partial false friend /ˈpɑɹ.ʃəl fɔls fɹɛnd/ /ˈpɑː.ʃəl fɔːls fɹɛnd/ partial false friends n
faux-ami partiel
(linguistics, uncommon) A word in a language bearing a deceptive resemblance to a word in another language, and at least one meaning in common, but not all.

partial indulgence partial indulgences n
indulgence partielle
(Roman Catholicism) An indulgence that remits part of a person’s sins, and thus part of their time in purgatory.

partial sum partial sums n
somme partielle
(mathematics) The sum of the first n terms of an infinite series, where n is a finite number.

partiality /pɐːʃiˈɛlɘti/ /pɐːˈʃɛlɘti/ /pɑɹʃiˈælɪti/ /pɑɹˈʃæləti/ /pɑɹˈʃælɪti/ /pɑːʃiˈalɪti/ /pɑːˈʃaləti/ /pɑːˈʃalɪti/ partialities n
partialité
Preference, bias in favor of, tendency.

partially /ˈpɑɹʃəli/ /ˈpɑːʃəli/ adv
partiellement en partie
To a partial degree or extent, incompletely.

participant /pɑːɹˈtɪsəpənt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpənt/ /pəɹˈtɪsəpənt/ participants n
participant participante
One who participates.

participant observation n
observation participante
(social sciences) A research methodology used in some social sciences to gain familiarity with a group of individuals and their practices through an intensive involvement, usually over an extended period of time.

participate /pɑɹˈtɪsəpeɪt/ /pɑɹˈtɪsəpət/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ /pɑːˈtɪsɪpət/ v
prendre part participer (à) participer
(intransitive) To join in, to take part, to involve oneself (in something). [from 16th c.]

participation /pɑɹˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ /pɑːˌtɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/ participations n
participation
The act of participating, of taking part in something.

participatory democracy participatory democracies n
démocratie participative
A kind of democracy not limiting participation of citizens to voting, but striving to create opportunities for everybody to make meaningful contributions to decision-making.

participial adj
participial
(grammar) of, relating to, or being a participle

participle /pɑːˈtɪsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑɹtɪˌsɪpəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪsɪpəl/ participles n
participe
(grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective or noun. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.

particle /ˈpɑɹtɪkəl/ /ˈpɑːtɪk(ə)l/ particles n
particule
A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]
(physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]
(linguistics) A part of speech that has no inherent lexical definition but must be associated with another word to impart meaning, often a grammatical category: for example, the English word to in a full infinitive phrase (to eat) or O in a vocative phrase (O Canada), or as a discourse marker (mmm).

particle accelerator particle accelerators n
accélérateur de particules
A device that accelerates electrically charged particles to extremely high speeds, for the purpose of inducing high energy reactions or producing high energy radiation.

particle physics n
physique des particules physique des hautes énergies

particular /pəˈtɪk.jə.lə/ /pəˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə/ /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lɚ/ more particular most particular adj
particulier
(logic) Forming a part of a genus; relatively limited in extension; affirmed or denied of a part of a subject.

particularly /pəˈtɪkjəli/ /pəˈtɪkjələli/ /pəˈtɪkjəlɚli/ /pɚˈtɪkjəlɚli/ adv
particulièrement
(focus) Especially, extremely.

particulate /pɑɹˈtɪk.jə.lət/ /pɑɹˈtɪk.jəˌleɪt/ /pɑːˈtɪk.jʊ.lɪt/ /pɑːˈtɪk.jʊˌleɪt/ /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lɪt/ /pəˈtɪk.jʊˌleɪt/ /pɚˈtɪk.jə.lət/ /pɚˈtɪk.jəˌleɪt/ more particulate most particulate adj
particulaire
(genetics) Pertaining to heritable characteristics which are attributable discretely to either one or another of an offspring's parents, rather than a blend of the two.

particulate matter particulate matters n
particules
Any solid or liquid in a finely subdivided state, especially when considered as an atmospheric pollutant.

parting /ˈpɑɹtɪŋ/ /ˈpɑːtɪŋ/ partings n
adieu au revoir
A farewell, the act of departing politely.
ligne de partage
(British) The dividing line formed by combing the hair in different directions; part (US)

parting shot parting shots n
flèche du Parthe

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ more partisan most partisan adj
partisan
Serving as commander or member of a body of detached light troops.
partisan partisane
Adherent to a party or faction; especially, having the character of blind, passionate, or unreasonable adherence to a party.
Devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or cause.

partisan /-sən/ /-zən/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.sæn/ /ˈpaː.tɪ.zæn/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾə.sən/ /ˈpɑɹ.ɾɪ.sən/ /ˈpɑː.tɪˌzæn/ /ˌpɑː.tɪˈzæn/ partisans n
militant militante
An adherent to a party or faction.
pertuisane
(historical) A long-handled spear with a triangular, double-edged blade having lateral projections, in some forms also used in boar hunting.
partisan partisane
A fervent, sometimes militant, supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea.

partisanship partisanships n
esprit de parti partialité partisanisme
An inclination to be partisan or biased; partiality.

partition /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃən/ /pɑɹˈtɪ.ʃɪn/ partitions n
division séparation
partition
(computing) A section of a hard disk separately formatted.

partitionist partitionists n
partitionniste
(Canada, politics) A political partisan who favours the partition of the province of Quebec with the western, southern portions and Montreal forming a separate province or country from the rest of Quebec.

partitive more partitive most partitive adj
partitif
(grammar) Indicating a part rather than the whole of something.

partitive partitives n
partitif
(grammar) A partitive word, phrase or case.

partitive genitive partitive genitives n
génitif partitif

partly /ˈpɑɹtli/ /ˈpɑːtli/ adv
en partie
In part, or to some degree, but not completely.

partner /ˈpɐːtnə/ /ˈpɑɹtnɚ/ /ˈpɑːtnə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɑɹʔnɚ] partners n
partenaire associé
Someone who is associated with another in a common activity or interest.
partenaire compagnon compagne conjoint conjointe
A spouse or other person with whom one shares a domestic, romantic or sexual bond.

partnership /ˈpɑɹtnɚʃɪp/ /ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ partnerships n
partenariat
The state of being associated with a partner.
compagnie société
An association of two or more people to conduct a business

partocracy partocracies n
particratie partitocratie
Government by political parties or factions.

partonic more partonic most partonic adj
partonique
Characteristic of, or composed of partons

partridge /ˈpɑɹtɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɑːtɹɪd͡ʒ/ partridge partridges n
perdrix perdreau garbon
(ornithology) Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.

parts interpreter parts interpreters n
vendeur de pièces (détachées)
(Australia, South Africa) Someone who sells replacement parts for motor vehicles; a spare parts salesperson.

parturition /ˌpɑː(ɹ)tjʊˈɹɪʃən/ /ˌpɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃəˈɹɪʃən/ parturitions n
accouchement naissance parturition
The act of giving birth; childbirth.

party /ˈpɑ(ː)ti/ /ˈpɑɹ.ti/ /ˈpɑː.ti/ [ˈpʰɑ(ː)ɾi] [ˈpʰɑɹɾi] parties n
partie
(legal) A person or group of people constituting a particular side in a contract or legal action.
participant
With to: an accessory, someone who takes part.
faction parti
(now, rare, _, in general sense) A group of people forming one side in a given dispute, contest etc.
détachement
(military) A discrete detachment of troops, especially for a particular purpose.
fête party teuf
A gathering of acquaintances so that one of them may offer items for sale to the rest of them.

party /ˈpɑ(ː)ti/ /ˈpɑɹ.ti/ /ˈpɑː.ti/ [ˈpʰɑ(ː)ɾi] [ˈpʰɑɹɾi] v
fêter veiller
(intransitive) To celebrate at a party, to have fun, to enjoy oneself.

party animal party animals n
fêtard
(idiomatic) A person known for frequent, enthusiastic attendance at parties, especially one whose partying behavior is exuberant or excessive.

party bike party bikes n
bar à pédales vélo festif

party dress party dresses n
robe de soirée
A woman's dress that is too elegant, revealing, dressy or impractical for normal wear.

party spirit /ˌpɑɹti ˈspɪɹɪt/ /ˌpɑːti ˈspɪɹɪt/ [ˌpɑɹɾi-] n
esprit de parti
(politics) The feeling of common purpose and togetherness experienced or shown by members or supporters of a group, especially a political party, sometimes accompanied by unreasonable animosity towards members or supporters of other groups.

party wall party walls n
mur mitoyen
A commonly shared wall dividing two properties within a row house (or terrace)

paruresis n
parurésie urinophobie

parvenu /ˈpɑɹ.və.nju/ /ˈpɑɹ.və.nu/ /ˈpɑː.və.njuː/ /ˈpɑː.və.nuː/ parvenus n
parvenu parvenue
A person who has risen, climbed up, or has been promoted to a higher social class, especially through acquisition of wealth, privileges, or political authority but has not gained social acceptance by those within that new class.

pas /pɑː/ pas n
pas
A step in a dance. [from 18th c.]

pas de deux pas de deux n
pas de deux
(dance) A dance performed by two dancers.

pas de quatre pas de quatre n
pas de quatre
(dance) A dance performed by four dancers.

pas de trois pas de trois n
pas de trois
(dance) A dance performed by three dancers.

pascal /pæsˈkæl/ /pæˈskæl/ /ˈpæskl̩/ /ˈpæskəl/ [pʰæsˈkʰæɫ] [pʰæˈskæɫ] pascals n
pascal
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of pressure and stress; one newton per square metre. Symbol: Pa.

pasha /ˈpæʃə/ /ˈpɑʃə/ pashas n
pacha
(historical) A high-ranking Turkish military officer, especially as a commander or regional governor; the highest honorary title during the Ottoman Empire.

pashalik pashaliks n
pachalik

pasque flower pasque flowers n
pulsatille
Any of various deciduous perennial flowering plants, of the genus Pulsatilla, found in clumps in certain grassland areas.

pass /pæs/ /pɑːs/ [pʰas] [pʰaːs] [pʰeəs] [pʰeə̯s] [pʰäs] [pʰäːs] [pʰæs] [pʰɐːs] [pʰɑːs] [pʰɛəs] passes n
passe passage défilé
An opening, road, or track, available for passing; especially, one through or over some dangerous or otherwise impracticable barrier such as a mountain range; a passageway; a defile; a ford.
passage
A single passage of a tool over something, or of something over a tool.
sauf-conduit laissez-passer
A document granting permission to pass or to go and come; a passport; a ticket permitting free transit or admission
état
The state of things; condition; predicament; impasse.
(cookery) The area in a restaurant kitchen where the finished dishes are passed from the chefs to the waiting staff.

pass /pæs/ /pɑːs/ [pʰas] [pʰaːs] [pʰeəs] [pʰeə̯s] [pʰäs] [pʰäːs] [pʰæs] [pʰɐːs] [pʰɑːs] [pʰɛəs] v
passer continuer
(ditransitive) To cause to move or go; to send; to transfer from one person, place, or condition to another.
passer dépasser
(transitive) To go past, by, over, or through; to proceed from one side to the other of; to move past.
passer réussir passer son tour survenir
(transitive) To cause to advance by stages of progress; to carry on with success through an ordeal, examination, or action; specifically, to give legal or official sanction to; to ratify; to enact; to approve as valid and just.
continuer
(transitive) To go by without noticing; to omit attention to; to take no note of; to disregard.
passer mourir avaler son extrait de naissance casser sa pipe continuer décéder
(transitive) To transcend; to surpass; to excel; to exceed.

pass away v
décéder s'éteindre
(archaic, literary) To disappear; to cease to be; to be no more.

pass down v
transmettre
(transitive) To hand over, pass through or transfer to a lower level, next generation, etc.

pass off as v
faire passer pour
(transitive) To misrepresent something as.

pass on v
faire passer transmettre
To convey or communicate.

pass oneself off as v
se faire passer pour
To pretend to be.

pass out v
distribuer
(transitive) To distribute, to hand out.

pass the buck v
renvoyer la balle
(idiomatic, informal) To transfer responsibility or blame from oneself onto another; to absolve oneself of concern for a given matter by claiming to lack authority or jurisdiction.

pass the torch v
passer la main passer le flambeau passer le relais
(figuratively, idiomatic) To transfer responsibility.

pass through v
traverser
To go through, to travel through, to transit or lie across a place or from one place to another.

pass under the yoke v
passer sous les fourches caudines

pass unnoticed v
passer inaperçu

passacaglia /ˌpasəˈkɑːlɪ.ə/ /ˌpɑsəˈkɑljə/ passacaglias n
passacaille
(music genre) A form of historical Spanish or Italian dance characterised by a serious nature, triple metre, and use of a ground bass.

passage /ˈpæsɪd͡ʒ/ passages n
passage
A paragraph or section of text or music with particular meaning.
A passageway or corridor.

passageway passageways n
passage
A covered walkway, between rooms or buildings.

passed pawn passed pawns n
pion passé
(chess) A pawn that has passed beyond enemy pawns on its own or adjacent files, and that hence has a clear run to the first or eighth rank.

passenger /ˈpæsənd͡ʒə/ /ˈpæsənd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒə/ /ˈpæsɪnd͡ʒɚ/ passengers n
passager passagère
One who rides or travels in a vehicle, but who does not operate it and is not a member of the crew.

passenger pigeon passenger pigeons n
pigeon migrateur tourte voyageuse colombe voyageuse
A bird of the extinct species †Ectopistes migratorius, formerly endemic to North America.

passenger seat passenger seats n
siège passager
(automotive) A seat in a vehicle for a passenger, especially the front seat next to the driver in a motor vehicle.

passenger ship passenger ships n
navire à passagers paquebot
A ship whose primary function is to carry passengers.

passenger train passenger trains n
train de voyageurs
(rail) A train whose primary function is to carry passengers.

passer-by /ˈpæs.ɚˌbaɪ/ /ˈpɑː.sə.baɪ/ /ˈpɑː.sə.bɑɪ/ passers-by n
passant passante
A person who is passing by (that is, walking past).

passerine /-ɹiːn/ /-ɹən/ /ˈpæsəɹaɪn/ /ˈpæsəˌɹaɪn/ passerines n
passerine
Any bird of the order Passeriformes, which comprises more than half of all bird species.

passguard passguards n
passe-garde
A ridge or an additional plate on a shoulder piece, to turn the blow of a weapon away from the neck or joint of the armor.

passim /ˈpæsɪm/ adj
passim
(rare) That which occurs at various places throughout a text

passing /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/ more passing most passing adj
passager
That passes away; ephemeral. [from 14th c.]
éminent
(now, _, rare, literary) Pre-eminent, excellent, extreme. [from 14th c.]
rapide
Vague, cursory. [from 18th c.]

passing /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/ adv
extrêmement éminemment
(literary, or, archaic) Surpassingly, greatly. [from 14th c.]

passing /ˈpɑːsɪŋ/ passings n
décès mort
Death, dying; the end of something. [from 14th c.]
mouvement
The fact of going past; a movement from one place to another or a change from one state to another. [from 14th c.]
adoption
(legal) The act of approving a bill etc. [from 15th c.]
passe
(sports) The act of passing a ball etc. to another player. [from 19th c.]
passing
A form of juggling where several people pass props between each other, usually clubs or rings.

passing note passing notes n
note de passage

passing shot passing shots n
coup de débordement

passion /ˈpæʃən/ [ˈpʰæʃən] passions n
passion
Any great, strong, powerful emotion, especially romantic love or extreme hate.
Fervor, determination.
An object of passionate or romantic love or strong romantic interest.
A display, musical composition, or play meant to commemorate the suffering of Jesus.
Passion passion
(Christianity, usually capitalized) The suffering of Jesus leading up to and during his crucifixion.

passion fruit passion fruit passion fruits n
fruit de la passion
(uncountable) The flesh of the edible fruit.
passionfruit
(colloquial) A person whom one cherishes very much, especially a woman.

passionate /ˈpæʃənət/ /ˈpæʃənɪt/ more passionate most passionate adj
passionné
Fired with intense feeling.

passionately /ˈpæʃənətli/ more passionately most passionately adv
passionnément
In a passionate manner.

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/ more passive most passive adj
passif
Being subjected to an action without producing a reaction.
(grammar) Being in the passive voice.

passive euthanasia n
euthanasie passive

passive matrix passive matrices passive matrixes n
matrice passive
A form of liquid crystal display in which the pixels must maintain their state without active driving circuitry until they are next refreshed, contrasted with active matrix.

passive participle passive participles n
participe passif
(grammar) A participle indicating an ongoing or completed action or state in the passive voice, where a noun modified by the participle is taken to represent the patient of the action denoted by the verb.

passive smoking n
tabagisme passif
The inhalation of tobacco smoke by a non-smoker due to proximity to smokers.

passive vocabulary passive vocabularies n
vocabulaire passif
The words and phrases, collectively, that someone understands in speech and writing but does not commonly use.

passive voice passive voices n
voix passive mode passif
(grammar) The form of a transitive verb in which its subject receives the action.

passive-aggressive more passive-aggressive most passive-aggressive adj
passif-agressif
(psychology) Showing passive, sometimes obstructionist resistance to following authoritative instructions in interpersonal or occupational situations.

passively /ˈpæs.ɪv.li/ adv
passivement
In a passive manner; without conscious or self-directed action.

passivity /pæˈsɪvɪti/ passivities n
passivité
The state of being passive.

passkey passkeys n
passe passe-partout passepartout
A key, especially in a hotel, that allows someone in authority to open any door.

passphrase passphrases n
phrase de passe phrase secrète
(computing) A password that comprises a whole phrase.

passport /ˈpæspɔɹt/ /ˈpɑːspɔːt/ passports n
passeport
An official document normally used for international journeys, which proves the identity and nationality of the person for whom it was issued.

passthrough passthroughs n
traversée
The act or process of passing through.

password /ˈpæswɜːd/ /ˈpæswɝd/ /ˈpɑːswɜː(ɹ)d/ passwords n
mot de passe
(military, security) A word relayed to a person to gain admittance to a place or to gain access to information.
(computing, cryptography) A string of characters used to log in to a computer or network, to access a level in a video game, and so on; archetypally a word#Noun but nowadays often an alphanumeric#Adjective string or a phrase#Noun.

past /pæst/ /pɑːst/ more past most past adj
passé
Having already happened; in the past; finished. [from 14th c.]
(grammar) Of a tense, expressing action that has already happened or a previously-existing state. [from 18th c.]
dernier passé
Of a period of time: having just gone by; previous. [from 15th c.]

past /pæst/ /pɑːst/ pasts n
passé
The period of time that has already happened, in contrast to the present and the future.
(grammar) The past tense.

past /pæst/ /pɑːst/ preposition
après
Beyond in place or quantity

past anterior n
passé antérieur
(grammar) A compound tense used in literary French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, in function a pluperfect, and in form composed of the conjunction of the simple past tense of an auxiliary verb (avoir, être) with the past participle. Example: Après que la femme et l'homme l'eurent remercié = After the woman and the man had thanked him

past historic tense n
passé simple
(grammar) A tense used in some languages (such as French and Italian) in narrative, and in spoken language primarily when reading narrative or in storytelling, for completed actions in the past or in speaking of the dead. It is semantically the same as the simple past in many languages, including English.

past imperfect tense past imperfect tenses n
imparfait
A grammatical tense which expresses the past as an action which was still going on at the point in time described, say someone "was ...ing" something, as opposed to the already accomplished counterpart past perfect tense (where the action took place even further in the past)

past participle past participles n
participe passé
(grammar) A participle indicating a completed action or state.

past tense past tenses n
passé
(grammar) A grammatical form (often a verb form) that refers to an event, transaction, occurrence, or object that happened (or had happened), or existed, at some time before now (the applicable reference time).

pasta /ˈpæstə/ /ˈpɐːstɘ/ /ˈpɐːstə/ /ˈpɑstə/ pastas paste n
pâtes pâtes alimentaires
(uncountable) Dough made from wheat and water and sometimes mixed with egg and formed into various shapes; often sold in dried form and typically boiled for eating.

paste /peɪst/ pastes n
pâte
A soft moist mixture, in particular:
One of pounded foods, such as fish paste, liver paste, or tomato paste.
One of flour, fat, or similar ingredients used in making pastry.
strass stras
A hard lead-containing glass, or an artificial gemstone made from this glass.

paste /peɪst/ v
coller
(transitive) To stick with paste; to cause to adhere by or as if by paste.
(transitive, computing) To insert a piece of media (e.g. text, picture, audio, video) previously copied or cut from somewhere else.

pastel /pæsˈtɛl/ /ˈpæstl̩/ pastels n
pastel
A crayon made from such a paste.

pastellist pastellists n
pastelliste
(art) An artist who works in pastels

pastern /ˈpæstən/ /ˈpæstəɹn/ /ˈpæstɜːn/ pasterns n
paturon
The part of a horse's leg between the fetlock joint and the hoof.

pasteurisation pasteurisations n
pasteurisation
(British spelling) Heat-treatment of a perishable food to destroy heat-sensitive vegetative cells followed by immediate cooling to limit growth of the surviving cells and germination of spores.

pasteurize /ˈpæst͡ʃəɹaɪz/ /ˈpɑːstʃəɹaɪz/ v
pasteuriser
(transitive) To heat food for the purpose of killing harmful organisms such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, molds, and yeasts.

pastiche /pæsˈtiːʃ/ pastiches n
pastiche
A work of art, drama, literature, music, or architecture that imitates the work of a previous artist.
A musical medley, typically quoting other works.

pastiera pastieras n
pastiera pastiera napolitaine
A Neapolitan tart made from wheat, eggs, and ricotta, traditionally eaten at Easter.

pastille /pæsˈtil/ /ˈpæst(ɪ)l/ pastilles n
pastille
An often round and somewhat flat flavoured candy or sweet.
Any small, usually round and somewhat flat, granular piece of material; a tablet.

pastime /ˈpæs.taɪm/ /ˈpɑːs.taɪm/ pastimes n
passe-temps
Something which amuses, and serves to make time pass agreeably.

pastophorus /pastəˈfɔːɹəs/ pastophori n
pastophore
(historical) A type of priest in ancient Egypt, responsible for carrying holy shrines in official ceremonies or processions.

pastor /ˈpæstɚ/ /ˈpɑːstə/ pastors n
pasteur
(Protestantism) A minister or priest in a church.

pastoral /ˈpæs.tə.ɹəl/ /ˈpɑːstə.ɹəl/ /ˌpæsˈtɔːɹəl/ more pastoral most pastoral adj
pastoral
Of or pertaining to shepherds or herders of other livestock.
Relating to the care of souls, to the pastor of a church or to any local religious leader charged with the service of individual parishioners, i.e. a priest or rabbi.

pastoral letter pastoral letters n
lettre pastorale mandement

pastoralism pastoralisms n
pastoralisme
animal husbandry; the raising and herding of farm animals

pastoralist more pastoralist most pastoralist adj
pastoraliste
Having features common to pastoralism.

pastrami /pæˈstɹɑːmi/ /pəˈstɹɑːmi/ pastramis n
pastrami
A seasoned smoked cut of beef. Traditionally, this is made from a navel cut.

pastry /ˈpeɪstɹi/ pastries n
pâtisserie
(uncountable) The food group formed by the various kinds of pastries.

pastry bag pastry bags n
poche à douille
A flexible bag from which icing is forced through a small nozzle to make various designs of piping.

pastry chef pastry chefs n
pâtissier pâtissière
A baker who makes pastry products.

pastry fork pastry forks n
fourchette à gâteaux
A three- or four-tined fork designed for eating pastries and similar desserts from a plate held in the other hand.

pasture /ˈpæs.tɚ/ /ˈpæs.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɑːs.tjə/ /ˈpɑːs.t͡ʃə/ pastures n
pâturage pâture pré prairie
Land, specifically, an open field, on which livestock is kept for feeding.

pat /pæt/ [pʰæt] [pʰæt̚] [pʰæˀt̚] more pat most pat adj
ad-hoc
Exactly suitable, fitting, apt; timely, convenient, opportune, ready for the occasion; especially of things spoken.
banal bateau
Trite, being superficially complete, lacking originality.

pat /pæt/ [pʰæt] [pʰæt̚] [pʰæˀt̚] pats n
tape
A light tap or slap, especially with the hands
bouse motte
A flattish lump of soft matter, especially butter or dung.

pat /pæt/ [pʰæt] [pʰæt̚] [pʰæˀt̚] v
tapoter
To (gently) tap the flat of one's hand on a person or thing.

pataca /pəˈtɑːkə/ patacas n
pataca
The monetary unit of Macau, equal to 100 avos.

patch /pæt͡ʃ/ patches n
pièce
A piece of cloth, or other suitable material, sewed or otherwise fixed upon a garment to repair or strengthen it, especially upon an old garment to cover a hole.
lopin
(specifically) A small area, a small plot of land or piece of ground.
patch
(computing) A patch file, a file that describes changes to be made to a computer file or files, usually changes made to a computer program that fix a programming bug.

patch /pæt͡ʃ/ v
rapiécer
To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces of cloth, leather, or the like.
patcher
(computing) To make the changes a patch describes; to apply a patch to the files in question. Hence:

patchouli /pəˈt͡ʃuli/ patchoulis n
patchouli
Any of several East Indian plants in the genus Pogostemon, especially Pogostemon cablin, which yield a highly fragrant oil.
The oil or perfume made from these plants.

patdown patdowns n
fouille corporelle fouille à corps palpation de sécurité
An act of patting somebody's clothes to check for concealed weapons, etc.

paten /ˈpætən/ patens n
patène
(Christianity) The plate used to hold the host during the Eucharist.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpæ-/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪ-] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] patents n
brevet patente
A declaration issued by a government agency that the inventor of a new invention has the sole privilege of making, selling, or using the claimed invention for a specified period.

patent /peɪ-/ /pæ-/ /ˈpeɪ-/ /ˈpeɪtənt/ /ˈpæ-/ /ˈpætənt/ [pʰe̞ɪ-] [pʰæ̝ʔn̩t̚] v
breveter faire breveter
To (successfully) register (a new invention) with a government agency to obtain the sole privilege of its manufacture, sale, and use for a specified period.

patent leather patent leathers n
cuir verni
Leather that has been given a high-gloss, shiny finish.

patent troll /ˈpætənt ˌtɹoʊl/ /ˈpætənt ˌtɹəʊl/ patent trolls n
patent troll
(patent law, informal, derogatory) A company, person, etc., that owns and enforces patents in an aggressive and opportunistic manner, often with no intention of producing, marketing, or promoting the subjects of the patents.

patentable more patentable most patentable adj
brevetable
(legal) Able to be protected by a patent; for which a patent can be granted.

paternal /pəˈtɜː(ɹ)nəl/ more paternal most paternal adj
paternel
Of or pertaining to one's father, his genes, his relatives, or his side of a family.
Fatherly; behaving as or characteristic of a father.
Received or inherited from one's father.

paternal aunt paternal aunts n
tante tatie
A sister of someone’s father.
The wife of a sibling of someone’s father.

paternal custody n
garde paternelle
(legal) An arrangement whereby only the father has physical and legal custody of a child while the mother has visitation rights. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternal grandfather paternal grandfathers n
[[grand-père]] paternel
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandfather. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternal grandmother paternal grandmothers n
grand-mère paternelle
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see paternal,‎ grandmother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternal uncle paternal uncles n
oncle oncle paternel tonton
A brother or brother-in-law of one's father. (This entry is a translation hub.)

paternity leave paternity leaves n
congé de paternité
A leave of absence from a job for a father to care of a baby.

paternoster /-ˌnɑstɚ/ /ˈpɑtəɹˌnɔstɚ/ /ˈpɑːtəˌnɒstə(ɹ)/ paternosters n
Notre Père
(archaic) A patent medicine, so named because salesmen would pray the Lord's Prayer over it before selling it.

path /pæθ/ /pɑːθ/ [pʰaθ] [pʰeəθ] [pʰäːθ] [pʰæθ] [pʰɐːθ] [pʰɑːθ] [pʰɛəθ] paths n
sentier chemin
A trail for the use of, or worn by, pedestrians.
chemin
A course taken.
(topology) A continuous map f from the unit interval I = [0,1] to a topological space X.
chemin sentier
(computing) A human-readable specification for a location within a hierarchical or tree-like structure, such as a file system or as part of a URL.

path of least resistance n
solution de facilité

pathetic /pəˈθɛtɪk/ more pathetic most pathetic adj
pathétique
Arousing pity, sympathy, or compassion; exciting pathos.
lamentable minable
Arousing scorn or contempt, often due to miserable inadequacy.

pathetically /pəˈθɛtɪkli/ more pathetically most pathetically adv
pathétiquement
In a pathetic manner; piteously.

pathfinder pathfinders n
explorateur pionnier
One who discovers a way or path; one who explores untraversed regions.

pathobiology pathobiologies n
pathobiologie
(biology) The branch of biology that deals with pathology with greater emphasis on the biological than on the medical aspects.

pathogen /ˈpæθəd͡ʒn̩/ pathogens n
pathogène
(pathology, immunology) Any organism or substance, especially a microorganism, capable of causing disease, such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi. Microorganisms are not considered to be pathogenic until they have reached a population size that is large enough to cause disease.

pathogenesis pathogeneses n
pathogénie
The origin and development of a disease.
The mechanism whereby something causes a disease.

pathogenic more pathogenic most pathogenic adj
pathogène
(pathology) Able to cause (harmful) disease.

pathological more pathological most pathological adj
pathologique
(medicine) Pertaining to pathology.
pathologique maladif malsain
(medicine) Relating to, amounting to, or caused by a physical or mental disorder.

pathologist pathologists n
pathologiste
An expert in pathology; a specialist who examines samples of body tissues for diagnostic or forensic purpose.

pathology /pəˈθɒləd͡ʒi/ pathologies n
pathologie
(academic, _, medicine) The academic biomedical specialty that advances the aspects of the biomedical sciences that allow for those clinical applications and their advancements over time.
Pathosis: any deviation from a healthy or normal structure or function; abnormality; illness or malformation.

pathos /ˈpeɪˌθoʊs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɑs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɒs/ /ˈpeɪˌθɔs/ /ˈpæˌθoʊs/ pathoses n
pathétique
The quality or property of anything which touches the feelings or excites emotions and passions, especially that which awakens tender emotions, such as pity, sorrow, and the like; contagious warmth of feeling, action, or expression; pathetic quality.

pathway /ˈpæθˌweɪ/ /ˈpɑːθˌweɪ/ pathways n
voie
(biochemistry) A sequence of biochemical compounds, and the reactions linking them, that describe a process in metabolism or catabolism.

patience /ˈpeɪʃəns/ patiences n
patience
The quality of being patient.
Any of various card games that can be played by one person. Called solitaire in the US and Canada.

patience of Job n
patience de Job
(idiomatic) A great amount of patience.

patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ more patient most patient patienter patientest adj
patient
(of a person) Willing to wait if necessary; not losing one's temper while waiting.

patient /ˈpeɪʃənt/ patients n
patient patiente malade
A person or animal who receives treatment from a doctor or other medically educated person.

patiently /ˈpeɪʃəntli/ more patiently most patiently adv
patiemment
In a patient manner.

patina /pəˈtiː.nə/ /ˈpæ.tɪ.nə/ /ˈpætɪnə/ patinae patinas n
patène
(originally) A paten, flat type of dish.
(color) A green colour, tinted with grey, like that of bronze patina.
(figurative) A gloss or superficial layer.
patine patène
The colour or incrustation which age and wear give to (mainly metallic) objects; especially, the green rust which covers works of art such as ancient bronzes, coins and medals.

patisserie patisseries n
pâtisserie
(UK) a shop that sells pastries and cakes

patriarch /ˈpeɪtɹɪɑːk/ /ˈpeɪt͡ʃɹiɑɹk/ /ˈpætɹiɑːk/ patriarchs n
patriarche
(Christianity) The highest form of bishop, in the ancient world having authority over other bishops in the province but now generally as an honorary title; in Roman Catholicism, considered a bishop second only to the Pope in rank. [from 9th c.]
The male head of a household or nuclear family.

patriarchal more patriarchal most patriarchal adj
patriarcal
Characteristic of a patriarch; venerable.
Relating to a system run by males, rather than females; relating to a patriarchy.

patriarchy /ˈpejt͡ʃɹiɑɹki/ /ˈpeɪ̯tɹɪɑːkɪ/ /ˈpætɹɪɑːkɪ/ /ˈpɛjtɹɪjɑːkɪj/ patriarchies n
patriarcat
(anthropology, history) A social system in which the father is head of the household, having authority over women and children, and in which lineage is traced through the male line.

patrician /pətɹˈɪʃən/ patricians n
patricien patrice
(Ancient Rome) A member of any of the families constituting the populus Romanus, or body of Roman citizens, before the development of the plebeian order; later, one who, by right of birth or by special privilege conferred, belonged to the senior class of Romans, who, with certain property, had by right a seat in the Roman Senate.

patriciate patriciates n
patriciat
The aristocracy or nobility

patricide /ˈpætɹɪsaɪd/ patricides n
patricide
Murder of one's father.
patricide parricide
A murderer of his/her own father.

patrilineage patrilineages n
patrilignage

patrimony /ˈpat.ɹɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈpæt.ɹɪˌmoʊ.ni/ patrimonies n
patrimoine
A right or estate inherited from one's father; or, in a larger sense, from any male ancestor.

patriot /ˈpeɪ.tɹi.ət/ /ˈpæ.tɹi.ət/ patriots n
patriote
A person who loves and zealously supports and defends their country.

patriotic /peɪ.tɹi.ˈɑ.tɪk/ /peɪ.tɹi.ˈɒ.tɪk/ /pæt.ɹi.ˈɒ.tɪk/ more patriotic most patriotic adj
patriotique
Inspired by or showing patriotism; done out of love of one's country; zealously and unselfishly devoted to the service of one's country

patriotically more patriotically most patriotically adv
patriotiquement
In a patriotic manner.

patriotism /ˈpeɪtɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ /ˈpætɹi.əˌtɪzəm/ patriotisms n
patriotisme
Love of one's country; devotion to the welfare of one's compatriots; passion which inspires one to serve one's country.

patristic adj
patristique
Of or pertaining to the fathers of the early Christian church, especially their writings.

patristics n
patristique
The study of the works of the early Christian Church Fathers.

patrol /pəˈtɹoʊl/ /pəˈtɹəʊl/ patrols n
patrouille
(military) A going of the rounds along the chain of sentinels and between the posts, by a guard, usually consisting of three or four men, to insure greater security from attacks on the outposts.
(military) The guards who go the rounds for observation; a detachment whose duty it is to patrol.
Any perambulation of a particular line or district to guard it; also, the people thus guarding.

patrol /pəˈtɹoʊl/ /pəˈtɹəʊl/ v
patrouiller
(intransitive) To go the rounds along a chain of sentinels; to traverse a police district or beat.
(transitive) To go the rounds of, as a sentry, guard, or policeman

patrol car patrol cars n
voiture de patrouille
A police car.

patrology /pəˈtɹɒlədʒi/ patrologies n
patrologie
(theology) the study of the lives and works (especially the writings) of the Church Fathers.

patron /ˈpeɪ.tɹən/ patrons n
mécène
An influential, wealthy person who supported an artist, craftsman, a scholar or a noble.

patron saint /ˈpeɪtɹən ˈseɪnt/ patron saints n
saint patron
(Christianity) A saint conceived as the patron (protector or supporter) of a particular place, group, person, or activity, for whom or for which his or her intercession is specially invoked.

patronage /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpætɹənɪd͡ʒ/ patronages n
mécénat parrainage soutien
The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.
clientèle
Customers collectively; clientele; business.
clientélisme patronage
(politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
patronage
Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
(UK, legal) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.

patroness /ˈpeɪtɹənɪs/ /ˌpeɪtɹəˈnɛs/ patronesses n
dame patronesse
(religion) A female patron goddess or saint.

patronize /ˈpeɪtɹənaɪz/ /ˈpætɹənaɪz/ v
fréquenter
(transitive) To make oneself a customer of a business, especially a regular customer.
paternaliser patrociner prendre de haut
(transitive) To assume a tone of unjustified superiority toward; to talk down to, to treat condescendingly.

patronymic /ˌpætɹəˈnɪmɪk/ adj
patronymique
Derived from one's father.
(by extension) Derived from one's ancestors.

patronymic /ˌpætɹəˈnɪmɪk/ patronymics n
patronyme
(by extension) A name acquired from one's father's, grandfather's or earlier (male) ancestor's first name. Some cultures use a patronymic where other cultures use a surname or family name; other cultures (like Russia) use both a patronymic and a surname.

patsy /ˈpætsi/ patsies n
lampiste pigeon
(informal, derogatory) A person who is taken advantage of, especially by being cheated or blamed for something.

pattern /ˈpatn̩/ /ˈpatən/ /ˈpætɚn/ patterns n
modèle
Something from which a copy is made; a model or outline. [from 14th c.]
patron
(textiles) The paper or cardboard template from which the parts of a garment are traced onto fabric prior to cutting out and assembling.
motif
A design, motif or decoration, especially formed from regular repeated elements. [from 16th c.]
régularité schéma tendance
A particular sequence of events, facts etc. which can be understood, used to predict the future, or seen to have a mathematical, geometric, statistical etc. relationship. [from 19th c.]

pattern matching n
filtrage par motif
(computer science) the act of checking some sequence of tokens for the presence of the constituents of a pattern

pattypan squash pattypan squash n
cibleme pâtisson
A summer squash of the species Cucurbita pepo, notable for its small size, round and shallow shape, and scalloped edges, which cause it to somewhat resemble a small toy top or a flying saucer.

paucal /ˈpɔkəl/ /ˈpɔːkəl/ adj
paucal
(linguistics) Expressing a relatively small quantity or degree.

paucal /ˈpɔkəl/ /ˈpɔːkəl/ n
paucal
(grammar) A language form referring to a few of something (three to around ten), as a small group of people; contrast singular, dual, trial, and plural.

paucisymptomatic /ˈpɑː.səˌsɪmp.təˈmæt.ɪk/ more paucisymptomatic most paucisymptomatic adj
paucisymptomatique

paucity /ˈpɑ.sɪ.ti/ /ˈpɒs.ɪ.ti/ /ˈpɔs.ɪ.ti/ [ˈpɑ.sɪ.ɾi] [ˈpɔs.ɪ.ɾi] paucities n
paucité
Fewness in number; too few.

paunch /pɑːntʃ/ /pɔːnt͡ʃ/ paunches n
panse
The first compartment of the stomach of a ruminant, the rumen.
panse bedaine
The belly of a human, especially a large, fat protruding one.

pauper /ˈpoː.pə/ /ˈpɑ.pɚ/ /ˈpɔ.pɚ/ /ˈpɔː.pə/ paupers n
pauvre indigent
One who is extremely poor.

pauperism pauperisms n
paupérisme
The state of being a pauper; poverty.

pause /pɑz/ /pɔz/ /pɔːz/ pauses n
pause
A temporary stop or rest; an intermission of action; interruption; suspension; cessation.

pause /pɑz/ /pɔz/ /pɔːz/ v
pauser
(intransitive) To hesitate; to hold back; to delay.

pavane /pəˈvɑːn/ pavanes n
pavane
(music) A musical style characteristic of the 16th and 17th centuries.

pave /peɪv/ v
paver
(British) To cover something with paving slabs.
(Canada, US) To cover with stone, concrete, blacktop or other solid covering, especially to aid travel.

pave the way /ˈpeɪv ðə ˈweɪ/ v
ouvrir la voie
(transitive with for) To make future progress or development easier.

pavement /ˈpeɪvmənt/ pavements n
chaussée revêtement
(now, chiefly, North America) A paving (paved part) of a road or other thoroughfare; the roadway or road surface. [from 13th c.]
pavement
(architecture) The interior flooring of a church sanctuary, between the communion rail and the altar. [from 19th c.]

paver /ˈpeɪvɚ/ pavers n
paveur
One who paves; one who lays pavement.

pavilion /pəˈvɪljən/ pavilions n
pavillon
An ornate tent.
A light roofed structure used as a shelter in a public place.
A structure, sometimes temporary, erected to house exhibits at a fair, etc.
A detached or semi-detached building at a hospital or other building complex.

pavis /ˈpɑv.ɪs/ pavises pavisses n
pavois
(military, history) A very large shield, like a small moveable wall, carried in front to protect all or most of the bearer's body, often with a projecting ridge running vertically down the center.

paw /poː/ /pɑ/ /pɔ/ /pɔː/ paws n
patte
The soft foot of a mammal or other animal, generally a quadruped, that has claws or nails; comparable to a human hand or foot.

paw /poː/ /pɑ/ /pɔ/ /pɔː/ v
peloter tripoter
(by extension) To touch someone in a sexual way.

pawa pawas n
haliotide ormeau paua
(New Zealand) An edible univalve mollusc of the genus Haliotis, having a shell lined with mother-of-pearl.

pawl /pɑl/ /pɔːl/ pawls n
cliquet
A pivoted catch designed to fall into a notch on a ratchet wheel so as to allow movement in only one direction (e.g. on a windlass or in a clock mechanism), or alternatively to move the wheel in one direction.
A similar device to prevent motion in other mechanisms besides ratchets.

pawn /pɑn/ /pɑɒn/ /pɔn/ /pɔːn/ pawns n
pion
(chess) The most numerous chess piece, or a similar piece in a similar game. In chess, each side starts with eight; moves are only forward, and attacks are only diagonally or en passant.
(figurative) Someone who is being manipulated or used to some end.
prêt sur gage
An instance of pawning something.
gage mont-de-piété
(rare) A pawnshop; pawnbroker.

pawn /pɑn/ /pɑɒn/ /pɔn/ /pɔːn/ v
engager mettre au clou mettre en gage
To give as security on a loan of money; especially, to deposit (something) at a pawn shop.

pawnbroker /ˈpɔːnˌbɹəʊ.kə(ɹ)/ pawnbrokers n
prêteur sur gages prêteuse sur gages
A person who makes monetary loans at interest, taking personal property as security – which may be sold if not redeemed.

pawnshop /ˈpɔnʃɑp/ /ˈpɔːnʃɒp/ pawnshops n
mont-de-piété prêteur sur gages caisse de crédit municipal
The business premises of a pawnbroker; where loans are made, with personal property as security

pawpaw /ˈpɑːpɑː/ /ˈpɔːpɔː/ pawpaws n
asimina
The fruit of these trees.

pax /pæks/ interjection
pouce
(UK, dated, school slang) A cry for peace or truce in children's games.

pax /pæks/ pax n
pax
(informal, usually, in the plural) A passenger; passengers.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] adj
payant payante
Operable or accessible on deposit of coins.
Pertaining to or requiring payment.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] pays n
paye paie
Money given in return for work; salary or wages.

pay /peɪ/ [pʰeɪ] v
payer donner
(transitive) To give money or other compensation to in exchange for goods or services.
payer régler verser
(ambitransitive) To discharge, as a debt or other obligation, by giving or doing what is due or required.
payer
(transitive) To be profitable for.
(intransitive) To discharge an obligation or debt.
(intransitive) To suffer consequences.

pay TV n
télévision à péage
A system whereby viewers pay to subscribe to specific broadcast television channels or programme typically used in cable television services

pay a visit v
rendre visite
(idiomatic) To visit.

pay attention v
faire attention être attentif prêter attention
(idiomatic, intransitive) To attend; to be attentive; to focus one's attention.

pay back /peɪ bæk/ v
rembourser rendre rendre la pareille
(figuratively) To avenge, to exact revenge.

pay back in someone's own coin v
rendre la monnaie de sa pièce
(figuratively) To give tit for tat.

pay dearly v
payer cher

pay gap /ˈpeɪ ɡæp/ pay gaps n
écart de rémunération écart salarial
The difference in salaries between one group and another.

pay grade pay grades n
échelon
A level indicating a base salary (in the US applying to military and government employees).
grade
(figuratively) Level of authority or responsibility (since pay rate, authority and responsibility generally increase similarly).

pay homage to v
rendre hommage à
(idiom) to show honor or respect to; to honor

pay off v
soudoyer
(transitive, informal) To bribe, especially to deter oversight.
payer porter ses fruits
(intransitive) To become worthwhile; to produce a net benefit.
revaloir rembourser
(transitive) To pay back; to repay.
payer acquitter
(transitive) To pay back (repay) the entirety of a loan, thereby effecting the release of a lien on (the thing that was financed).

pay one's last respects v
rendre un dernier hommage

pay rise pay rises n
augmentation de salaire
(UK, Ireland, Australia, rest of Commonwealth, sometimes, Canada) An increase in salary or wages.

pay the bills v
payer les factures
(idiomatic, of a job) To provide enough income to sustain one's lifestyle.

pay through the nose v
acheter [[à prix d'or]] débourser une fortune payer bonbon payer le prix fort payer une fortune
(idiomatic) To pay an exorbitant or excessive amount, either in money or in some other manner.

pay-as-you-go n
prépayé
(British) A payment method where the charge of a service is taken automatically, usually in small amounts, after the usage, in contrast of paying before usage. Used especially of mobile phones and transport ticketing.

pay-off /ˈpeɪ.ɒf/ /ˈpeɪ.ɔːf/ pay-offs n
rétribution
A payment in full; the state of having been paid in full.
A return on investment.
récompense
A reward.
pot-de-vin
A bribe.

payday /ˈpeɪdeɪ/ paydays n
jour de paye
The day of the week or month, or the specific day, on which an employee's wages or salary is paid.

payday loan payday loans n
avance sur salaire
A small, short-term unsecured loan of money at an extremely high interest rate.

payer /ˈpeɪ.ɚ/ payers n
payeur payeuse
One who pays; specifically, the person by whom a bill or note has been, or should be, paid.

payload /ˈpeɪloʊd/ payloads n
charge utile fret
That part of a cargo that produces revenue.
charge utile
The total weight of passengers, crew, equipment, and cargo carried by an aircraft or spacecraft.
That part of a rocket, missile, propelled stinger, or torpedo that is not concerned with propulsion or guidance, such as a warhead or satellite.
(computing) The functional part of a computer virus or another type of malware program, rather than the part that spreads it.
(communication) The actual data in a data stream.

payment /ˈpeɪmənt/ payments n
paiement payement
(uncountable) The act of paying.

payment order payment orders n
ordonnance de paiement
(finance, chiefly, banking) An instruction from a sender to a receiving bank, transmitted orally, electronically, or in writing, to pay, or to cause another bank to pay a fixed and determinable amount of money to a beneficiary.

payment terminal payment terminals n
TPE terminal de paiement électronique

payout payouts n
paiement
An amount of money paid out.

payroll /ˈpeɪɹoʊl/ /ˈpeɪɹəʊl/ payrolls n
paie registre de paie
A list of employees who receive salary or wages, together with the amounts due to each.
masse salariale
The total sum of money paid to employees.

payslip payslips n
bulletin de paie bulletin de salaire fiche de paie
A small document, included with an employee's wage or salary, giving details of money earned and tax and insurance paid.

paywall /ˈpeɪ.wɔːl/ paywalls n
péage paywall
(informal, computing) A feature of a website, application or service that only allows access to certain content or functions upon payment.

pc pcs n
mcx
piece

pcs n
mcx
pieces

pe /peɪ/ n
pe pé
The seventeenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew פ, Syriac ܦ, and others; Arabic has the analog faa).

pea /piː/ peas n
pois petit pois
Any plant of the family Fabaceae.
(culinary) The edible seed of Pisum sativum; the green pea.
(culinary) The edible seed of various other pea plants.

pea coat pea coats n
caban
(nautical) A coat of heavy, navy-coloured wool, originally worn by sailors of European navies.

pea soup more pea soup most pea soup adj
soupe aux pois
Of the color of pea soup.

pea whistle pea whistles n
sifflet à roulette
A whistle with a small wooden ball inside which makes a reverberating noise.

pea-souper /ˈpiˌsupɚ/ /ˈpiːˌsuːpə/ pea-soupers n
purée de pois
(British, Canada, informal) A dense, yellowish fog, often mixed with smoke; a pea-soup fog, a smog.

peace /piːs/ peaces n
paix tranquillité
A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony; absence of violence.
paix
Harmony in personal relations.
A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.

peace be upon her interjection
que paix soit sur elle
(Islam)

peace be upon him /piːs biː əˈpɒn ˈhɪm/ interjection
que paix soit sur lui
(Islam) an honorific phrase used by Muslims after any mention in speech or print of holy persons
(Judaism) an honorific phrase used by some Jews after mentioning the deceased in speech or print

peace dividend peace dividends n
dividende de la paix

peace of mind n
tranquillité d'esprit
The absence of mental turmoil or anxiety.

peace pipe peace pipes n
calumet de la paix
A tobacco pipe smoked ceremonially in certain Native American cultures that symbolizes peace among those who smoke it, and among whom it is passed around from person to person.

peace talks n
pourparlers de paix
A series of formal discussions between two or more nation-states or groups of people held to resolve existing conflict between them.

peace treaty peace treaties n
traité de paix
An agreement to end fighting or conflict.

peaceful /ˈpiːsfəl/ more peaceful most peaceful peacefuler peacefulest peacefuller peacefullest adj
paisible pacifique
Not at war; not disturbed by strife or turmoil.
pacifique paisible
Inclined to peace.
calme placide
Motionless and calm.

peaceful coexistence n
coexistence pacifique
(politics) A situation where nation-states do not interfere with the domestic affairs of other countries, in order to avoid conflict; mutual non-interference.

peacekeeper peacekeepers n
gardien de la paix gardienne de la paix
A member of a military force charged with peacekeeping duties in a troublespot.
peacekeeper
(Canada, law enforcement) An officer of the peace (police officer) in a force run by a Canadian aboriginal community.

peacekeeping /ˈpiːskiːpɪŋ/ peacekeepings n
maintien de la paix
The act of preserving peace, specifically between hostile groups or states, especially by a sanctioned military force. [from 17th c.]

peacemaker /ˈpiːsmeɪkə(ɹ)/ peacemakers n
pacificateur pacificatrice
A person who restores peace, especially by settling disputes; one who engages in peacemaking.

peacetime /ˈpiːstaɪm/ peacetimes n
temps de paix
The period of time when a nation or people is at peace, not fighting a war.

peach /piːt͡ʃ/ peaches n
pêche pêcher
A tree (Prunus persica), native to China and now widely cultivated throughout temperate regions, having pink flowers and edible fruit.
The soft juicy stone fruit of the peach tree, having yellow flesh, downy, red-tinted yellow skin, and a deeply sculptured pit or stone containing a single seed.
pêche
(color) A light yellow-red colour.

peach blossom peach blossoms n
fleur de pêcher
The flower of a peach tree that will eventually turn into a peach.

peachfuzz n
duvet
(informal) The soft, scanty beard of an adolescent male.
(rare, nonstandard) The fuzz found on the skin of a peach.

peachick peachicks n
paonneau
A baby peafowl.

peacock /ˈpikɑk/ /ˈpiːkɒk/ peacocks n
paon paonne
A peafowl (of the genus Pavo or Afropavo), either male or female.
(entomology) Any of various Asian species of papilionid butterflies of the genus Papilio.

peafowl /ˈpiːˌfaʊl/ peafowls n
paon
A pheasant of the genus Pavo or Afropavo, notable for the extravagant tails of the males; a peacock (unspecified sex).

peahen /ˈpiː.hɛn/ peahens n
paonne
A female peafowl.

peak /piːk/ peaks n
pic
A point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap.
pic sommet
The highest value reached by some quantity in a time period.
sommet pic cime
(geography) The top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain, or range, ending in a point.

peak oil n
pic pétrolier
The peak of the Earth's oil production.

peakedness peakednesses n
gibbosité

peal /piːl/ peals n
éclat
A loud sound, or a succession of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, cannon, shouts, laughter, of a multitude, etc.

peanut /ˈpiˌnʌt/ /ˈpiːnʌt/ peanuts n
cacahuète arachide pinotte
A legume resembling a nut, the fruit of the plant Arachis hypogaea, native to South America.

peanut butter /ˈpi.nʌtˌbʌ.tɚ/ /ˈpiːnʌtˌbʌ.tə/ /ˌpiːnʌtˈbʌ.tə/ peanut butters n
beurre de cacahuètes beurre d'arachides beurre de cacahuète beurre de pinottes
A spread made from ground peanuts.

peanut butter cup peanut butter cups n
moule au beurre d'arachide

pear /pɛə/ /pɛɚ/ /ˈpiːə(r)/ [pʰeə] pears n
poire poirier
A type of fruit tree (Pyrus communis).

pear tree /ˌpɛə ˈtɹiː/ /ˌpɛɚ ˈtɹi/ pear trees n
poirier
A tree of the genus Pyrus, which bears the pears as fruits.

pear wine pear wines n
vin de poire

pear-shaped more pear-shaped most pear-shaped adj
piriforme en forme de poire
Having a shape of a (typical western) pear, or in cross-section, like the cross-section of a pear.

pearl /pɜːl/ /pɝl/ [pʰəːɫ] [pʰɚɫ] pearls n
perle
A shelly concretion, usually rounded, and having a brilliant luster, with varying tints, found in the mantle, or between the mantle and shell, of certain bivalve mollusks, especially in the pearl oysters and river mussels, and sometimes in certain univalves. It is usually due to a secretion of shelly substance around some irritating foreign particle. Its substance is the same as nacre, or mother-of-pearl. Round lustrous pearls are used in jewellery.
perle joyau
(figuratively) Something precious.
perlure
One of the circle of tubercles which form the bur on a deer's antler.
parisienne sédanoise
(uncountable, typography, printing, dated) The size of type between diamond and agate, standardized as 5-point.

pearl barley n
orge perlé
Barley that has had the husk and bran removed.

pearl millet pearl millets n
millet perle mil à chandelle petit mil
A widely grown millet (Cenchrus americanus, syn. Pennisetum glaucum).

pearl necklace pearl necklaces n
collier de perles
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see pearl,‎ necklace.

pearl of wisdom pearls of wisdom n
perle de sagesse sage parole
(idiomatic, often, sarcastic) A succinct, insightful saying, piece of advice, or moral precept.

pearly antshrike pearly antshrikes n
batara perlé
Megastictus margaritatus, a passerine bird of the antbird family, native to South America.

pearly penile papules n
papules perlées (du gland)
(urology) A harmless hereditary anatomical variation consisting of small protuberances that may form on the ridge of the glans of the human penis.

peasant /ˈpɛzənt/ peasants n
paysan paysanne
A member of the lowly social class that toils on the land, constituted by small farmers and tenants, sharecroppers, farmhands and other laborers on the land where they form the main labor force in agriculture and horticulture.
paysan paysanne rustique villageois villageoise
A country person.
paysan rustaud rustaude
(pejorative) An uncouth, crude or ill-bred person.

peasantry /ˈpɛzəntɹi/ peasantries n
paysannerie
(historical) Impoverished rural farm workers, either as serfs, small freeholders or hired hands.

peashooter /ˈpiˌʃutəɹ/ /ˈpiːˌʃuːtə(ɹ)/ [-ɾəɹ] peashooters n
pétoire
(weaponry, slang) Any small or ineffective gun or weapon.

peat /piːt/ peats n
tourbe
Soil formed of dead but not fully decayed plants found in bog areas, often burned as fuel. [from 14th c.]

peat bog peat bogs n
tourbière
a bog in which the soil is formed from peat.

peated adj
tourbé

peatland peatlands n
tourbière

peavy peavies n
tourne-billes
A tool used to manipulate logs, having a thick wooden handle, a steel point, and a curved hooked arm. Similar to a cant-hook, but shorter and stouter, and with a pointed end.

pebble /ˈpɛb.əl/ pebbles n
galet caillou
A small stone, especially one rounded by the action of water.
gravillon
(geology) A particle from 4 to 64 mm in diameter, following the Wentworth scale.

pecan /piːˈkæn/ /piːˈkɑːn/ /pəˈkɑːn/ /pəˈkɒn/ /pəˈkɔːn/ /pɪˈkæn/ /pɪˈkɑːn/ /pɪˈkɔːn/ /ˈpiːkæn/ /ˈpiːkɑːn/ /ˈpiːkən/ /ˈpɪkæn/ pecans n
pacane noix de pécan pacanier
A smooth, thin-shelled, edible oval nut of this tree.

pecan pie pecan pies n
tarte aux pacanes
A sweet pie made from corn syrup and pecans, considered a specialty of Southern United States cuisine.

peccadillo /ˌpɛ.kəˈdɪ.loʊ/ /ˌpɛ.kəˈdɪ.ləʊ/ peccadilloes peccadillos n
peccadille
A small flaw or sin.
A petty offense.

peccary /ˈpɛk.ə.ɹi/ peccaries n
pécari
Any of the family Tayassuidae of mammals from the Americas, related to pigs and hippos.

peck /pɛk/ pecks n
picotin
One quarter of a bushel; a dry measure of eight quarts.
bisou bécot
A small kiss.

peck /pɛk/ v
becqueter
To seize and pick up with the beak, or as if with the beak; to bite; to eat; often with up.
bécoter
To kiss briefly.

peckish /ˈpek.ɪʃ/ /ˈpɛk.ɪʃ/ more peckish most peckish adj
affamé avoir la dent

pectin /ˈpɛktɪn/ pectins n
pectine
(carbohydrate) A polysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of plants, especially of fruits; under acidic conditions it forms a gel. It is often used in processed foods, especially jellies and jams where it causes thickening (setting).

pectocellulosic adj
pectocellulosique

pectoral /pɛkˈtoɹəl/ /ˈpɛk.tə.ɹəl/ adj
pectoral
Of or pertaining to the breast, or chest.

pectoral fin pectoral fins n
nageoire pectorale
(ichthyology) Either of two fins located on each side of a fish just behind the head.

pectoral sandpiper pectoral sandpipers n
bécasseau à poitrine cendrée
Calidris melanotos, a small migratory wader that breeds in North America and Asia, wintering in South America and Oceania, and eats small invertebrates.

peculiar /pəˈkjul.jɚ/ /pəˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjul.jɚ/ /pɪˈkjuː.li.ə/ /pɪˈkjʉː.li.ə/ more peculiar most peculiar adj
particulier bizarre curieux extraordinaire
Out of the ordinary; odd; strange; unusual.
particulier
Common or usual for a certain place or circumstance; specific or particular.

peculiarity /pɪˌkjuliˈɛɹɪti/ /pɪˌkjuːliˈæɹɪti/ peculiarities n
bizarrerie singularité étrangeté
The quality or state of being peculiar; individuality; singularity.
particularité distinction
That which is peculiar; a special and distinctive characteristic or habit; particularity.

pecuniary /pəˈkjuniɛɹi/ /pɪˈkjuːn(jə)ɹi/ adj
pécuniaire monétaire
Of, or relating to, money; monetary, financial.

pedagogical more pedagogical most pedagogical adj
pédagogique
Of, or relating to pedagogy; teaching.

pedagogism pedagogisms n
pédagogisme
The character, manner, occupation, or system of pedagogues.

pedagogue /ˈpɛdəɡɒɡ/ pedagogues n
pédagogue
A teacher or instructor of children; one whose occupation is to teach the young.

pedagogy /ˈpɛdəˌɡoʊd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɑd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛdəˌɡɒɡi/ pedagogies n
pédagogie
The profession of teaching.

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ adj
pédal
Of or relating to the foot.

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ pedals n
pédale
A lever operated by one's foot that is used to control or power a machine or mechanism, such as a bicycle or piano

pedal /ˈpiːdəl/ /ˈpɛdəl/ v
pédaler
To operate a pedal attached to a wheel in a continuous circular motion.

pedal car pedal cars n
cuistax
A large toy car, typically for small children, which is operated by pedals.

pedal pushers /ˈpɛdl̩ ˌpʊʃəz/ /ˈpɛdəl ˌpʊʃɚz/ n
legging
(originally, US) Women's casual trousers, usually fairly form-fitting, that end at the calves. [from mid 20th c.]

pedal stroke pedal strokes n
coup de pédale
A push on the pedals.

pedalo /ˈpɛdələʊ/ pedaloes pedalos n
pédalo bateau à pédales pédal'eau
(UK, watercraft) A small boat propelled by pedals that directly turn external paddles, used for recreation.

pedant /ˈpɛdənt/ pedants n
pédant pédante
A person who makes an excessive or tedious show of their knowledge, especially regarding rules of vocabulary and grammar.
A person who is overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning.

pedantic /pəˈdæn.tɪk/ more pedantic most pedantic adj
méticuleux pédant
Being overly concerned with formal rules and trivial points of learning, like a pedant.
pédant
Being showy of one’s knowledge, often in a boring manner.

pedantry /ˈpɛd.ən.tɹi/ pedantries n
pédantisme
An excessive attention to detail or rules.
pédanterie
An overly ambitious display of learning.

peddle /ˈpɛdəl/ v
colporter
To sell things, especially door to door or in insignificant quantities.
(derogatory, figuratively) To spread or cause to spread.

peddler peddlers n
colporteur marchand ambulant
An itinerant seller of small goods.

pedelec pedelecs n
pédélec
(informal) A bicycle with an electric motor which assists the rider but only while they are pedalling.

pederast /ˈpi.də.ɹæst/ /ˈpɛd.ɚ.ɹæst/ pederasts n
pédéraste pédé
A man who is engaged in an erotic relationship with an adolescent boy; a practitioner of pederasty.

pederastic more pederastic most pederastic adj
pédérastique
Relating to a man's erotic love for adolescent boys.

pederasty /ˈpi.də.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹæs.ti/ /ˈpɛd.ə.ɹəs.ti/ pederasties n
pédérastie
Erotic love, sexually expressed or chaste, between a man and an adolescent boy.
(archaic) Anal intercourse in general, usually between a man and an adolescent boy.

pedestal /ˈpɛdɪstəl/ pedestals n
piédestal
(architecture) The base or foot of a column, statue, vase, lamp.

pedestrian /pəˈdɛst.ɹi.ən/ more pedestrian most pedestrian adj
piéton piétonnier pédestre
(not comparable) Of or intended for those who are walking.
banal bateau ordinaire
(comparable, figurative) Ordinary, dull; everyday; unexceptional.

pedestrian /pəˈdɛst.ɹi.ən/ pedestrians n
piéton piétonne
A walker; one who walks or goes on foot, especially as opposed to one who uses a vehicle.

pedestrian crossing pedestrian crossings n
passage piéton passage pour piétons passage clouté
A place where pedestrians are permitted to or advised to cross a street.

pedestrian precinct pedestrian precincts n
zone piétonne
An area in a town or city intended for pedestrians only, where vehicles (in particular motor vehicles) are not normally allowed.

pedestrianization pedestrianizations n
piétonnisation piétonisation
The restriction of access to a street to pedestrians only.

pedestrianize v
piétoniser piétonniser
(transitive) To restrict access to (a street) to pedestrians only, disallowing motor vehicles.

pediatric adj
pédiatrique
(American spelling) Of or pertaining to pediatrics, the branch of medicine dealing with the care and treatment of children.

pediatrician /piːdɪəˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpidi.əˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/ pediatricians n
pédiatre
(American spelling) A physician that specializes in pediatrics; the medical care of infants, children, adolescents, and young adults.

pediatrics /ˌpidiˈætɹɪks/ /ˌpiːdɪˈætɹɪks/ n
pédiatrie
(American spelling, medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of children and adolescents.

pedicab /ˈpɛdiˌkæb/ pedicabs n
cyclo velotaxi
A tricycle having a hooded cab to seat paying passengers.

pedicel /ˈpɛd.əˌsɛl/ /ˈpɛd.ɪs.əl/ pedicels n
pédicelle
(botany) A stalk of an individual flower (or fruit, e.g., once fertilised); a stalk bearing a single flower or spore-producing body within a cluster.

pedicellate adj
pédiculé
Having (or supported by) a pedicel.

pediculicide pediculicides n
pédiculicide

pediculosis pediculoses n
pédiculose

pedicure /ˈpɛ.dɪ.kjʊɹ/ pedicures n
pédicure
A cosmetic treatment for the feet and toenails.

pedicurist pedicurists n
pédicuriste
A person who performs pedicures.

pedigree /ˈpɛd.ɪ.ɡɹi/ pedigrees n
pedigree
A chart, list, or record of ancestors, to show breeding, especially distinguished breeding. [from 15th c.]

pediment /ˈpɛd.ɪ.mənt/ pediments n
fronton
(architectural element) A classical architectural element consisting of a triangular section or gable found above the horizontal superstructure (entablature) which lies immediately upon the columns; fronton.

pedologist pedologists n
agrologue pédologue

pedology n
pédologie
The sub-discipline of soil science that: studies soils as a component of natural systems or deals with soil genesis and soil classification or studies the soil profile or solum in its natural setting.
paidologie pédologie
The study of the behaviour and development of children.

pedometer /pɪˈdɑmətɚ/ /pɪˈdɒmətə/ pedometers n
podomètre
A device, often electronic, that measures the number of steps taken, and thus estimates the distance walked.

pedophile /ˈpe.dəˌfɑel/ /ˈpiː.dəˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.doʊˌfaɪl/ /ˈpɛ.dəʉˌfɑel/ /ˈpɛ.dəˌfaɪl/ pedophiles n
pédophile
(by extension, common use) An adult who is sexually attracted to or engages in sexual acts with a child.

pedophilia /ˌpe.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpiː.dəˈfɪ.li.ə/ /ˌpɛ.dəˈfi.li.ə/ pedophilias n
pédophilie
Sexual attraction by adults and adolescents to children, specifically prepubescent children.
(by extension, proscribed) Sexual activity between adults and children; the act of child molestation.

pedosexual adj
pédosexuel
(uncommon, of an act or behavior) Being or constituting pedosexuality, sexual activity between an adult and a child.

pedosexuality n
pédosexualité
(uncommon) Sexual activity between an adult and a child.

peduncle /pɪˈdʌŋ.k(ə)l/ peduncles n
pédoncule
(botany) The axis of an inflorescence; the stalk supporting an inflorescence.

pedunculate oak pedunculate oaks n
chêne pédonculé
A large deciduous tree, Quercus robur

pee /ˈpiː/ pees n
pipi
pé
The name of the Latin-script letter P.

pee /ˈpiː/ v
uriner faire pipi

peek /piːk/ v
jeter un coup d'œil
(informal) To look slyly, or with the eyes half closed, or through a crevice; to peep.

peek-a-boo bra peek-a-boo bras n
redresse-seins
A bra that is more revealing than usual, revealing more of the breast and often the nipple.

peekaboo n
coucou
(games) A game for a small child in which one covers one's face, then suddenly reveals it, saying "Boo!" or "Peekaboo!".

peel /piːl/ [pʰiəɫ] [pʰiːɫ] peels n
pelure épluchure
(usually, uncountable) The skin or outer layer of a fruit, vegetable, etc.
pelle à enfourner pelle à four
A shovel or similar instrument, now especially a pole with a flat disc at the end used for removing pizza or loaves of bread from a baker's oven.

peel /piːl/ [pʰiəɫ] [pʰiːɫ] v
peler éplucher décortiquer
(transitive) To remove the skin or outer covering of.

peel off v
s'écailler
(intransitive) To separate off from the main body, to move off to one side; as in troop movements on a parade ground or an organized retreat, or columns in a procession.

peeler /ˈpiːlə/ /ˈpiːlɚ/ peelers n
éplucheur éplucheuse
A person who works by peeling the bark off trees.
A person whose job it is to peel fruit or vegetable produce.
économe épluchoir
A household utensil for peeling fruit or vegetables.

peen /piːn/ peens n
panne
The (often spherical) end of the head of a hammer opposite the main hammering end.

peep /pip/ /piːp/ [pʰip] peeps n
pépiement
A short, soft, high-pitched sound, as made by a baby bird.

peep /pip/ /piːp/ [pʰip] v
regarder furtivement épier
(intransitive) To begin to appear; to look forth from concealment; to make the first appearance.

peephole /piphoʊl/ /piːphəʊl/ [pʰiphoʊɫ] peepholes n
judas
A small hole, opening, or piece of glass, especially in a door, through which one can look without being seen.

peeping tom peeping toms n
voyeur voyeuse
A person who watches another without the other's permission and usually without the other's knowledge, especially for the purpose of deriving sexual pleasure from the sight of the other.

peepshow peepshows n
peep show
An exhibition of pictures or objects viewed through a small hole or magnifying glass.
A titillating or pornographic display viewed through a small slot, generally equipped with a timer to automatically close the slot when payment has expired.

peer /pɪə/ /pɪɹ/ peers n
pair pareil pareille semblable
Somebody who is, or something that is, at a level or of a value equal (to that of something else).
pair noble
A noble with a title, i.e., a peerage, and in times past, with certain rights and privileges not enjoyed by commoners.

peer /pɪ(ə)ɹ/ /pɪə/ v
scruter du regard
(intransitive) To look with difficulty, or as if searching for something.

peer pressure n
pression des pairs
Inducement or influence by one's peers.

peer review peer reviews n
évaluation par les pairs
(education) The scholarly process whereby manuscripts intended to be published in an academic journal are reviewed by independent researchers (referees) to evaluate the contribution, i.e. the importance, novelty and accuracy of the manuscript's contents.

peer-reviewed journal peer-reviewed journals n
revue à comité de lecture

peerage peerages n
pairie
The rank or title of a peer or peeress.

peerless more peerless most peerless adj
hors pair sans pareil
Without peer or equal; unparalleled, nonpareil. Of the highest quality, best.

peeve /piːv/ peeves n
irritation énervement
(colloquial) An annoyance or grievance.

peeve /piːv/ v
énerver irriter
(colloquial) To annoy; vex.

peevish /ˈpivɪʃ/ /ˈpiːvɪʃ/ more peevish most peevish adj
geignard maussade
Constantly complaining, whining; childishly fretful.

peewit /ˈpiːwɪt/ peewits n
vanneau huppé
the Northern lapwing, Vanellus vanellus.

peg /pɛɡ/ [pʰɛɡ] pegs n
cheville
A cylindrical wooden or metal object used to fasten or as a bearing between objects.
patère porte-manteau
A protrusion used to hang things on.

peg /pɛɡ/ [pʰɛɡ] v
cheviller
(transitive) To fasten using a peg.
(slang, transitive, typically in heterosexual contexts) To engage in anal sex by penetrating (one's male partner) with a strap-on dildo.
épingler
(transitive) To affix or pin.
fixer
(transitive) To fix a value or price.
lancer avec force
(transitive, kickball) To throw a ball at (someone), to hit (someone) with a ball.
cataloguer comme mettre sur le dos
(transitive, slang) To indicate or ascribe an attribute to.
cheviller lancer avec force
(cribbage) To move one's pegs to indicate points scored; to score with a peg.

peg-leg peg-legs n
jambe de bois
A wooden leg, usually tapered, strapped onto the stump of an amputated leg.

pegasus pegasi pegasuses n
pégase
A winged horse (imaginary or mythical, sometimes figurative).

peignoir peignoirs n
peignoir
A long outer garment for women, usually sheer and made of chiffon and often sold with matching nightgown, negligee or underwear

pejorative /pəˈd͡ʒɔɹətəv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɑɹətɪv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɒɹətɪv/ /pɪˈd͡ʒɔɹətɪv/ more pejorative most pejorative adj
péjoratif
Disparaging, belittling or derogatory.

pejoratively more pejoratively most pejoratively adv
péjorativement
In a pejorative manner. Insultingly, disparagingly; so as to belittle another or harm their reputation.

pejvakin n
pejvakine

pelagic /pəˈlæd͡ʒɪk/ /pɛˈlæd͡ʒɪk/ more pelagic most pelagic adj
pélagique
(biology) Living in the open sea rather than in coastal or inland waters.

pelargonium pelargonia pelargoniums n
pélargonium
Any of various flowering plants of the genus Pelargonium, commonly called geraniums.

pelecaniform pelecaniforms n
pélécaniforme
Any bird of the order Pelecaniformes

peled peled peleds n
peled
The Coregonus peled, a whitefish of the Salmonidae family, endemic to Northern Europe and Russia.

pelerine /pɛləˈɹiːn/ pelerines n
pèlerine

pelican /ˈpɛl.ə.kən/ /ˈpɛl.ɪ.kən/ pelicans n
pélican
Any of various seabirds of the family Pelecanidae, having a long bill with a distendable pouch.

pell-mell /ˈpɛlˈmɛl/ adv
pêle-mêle
In haste and chaos; uncontrolledly, confusedly.

pellagra /pɛˈlaɡɹə/ /pɪˈlaɡɹə/ pellagras n
pellagre
(pathology) A disease characterised by skin lesions and mental confusion, primarily caused by a niacin deficiency. [from 19th c.]

pellet /ˈpɛlɪt/ pellets n
granule
A small, compressed, hard chunk of matter.
plomb
A lead projectile used as ammunition in rifled air guns.
pelote pelote de réjection
Compressed byproduct of digestion regurgitated by owls and many other birds of prey, which serves as a waste disposal mechanism for indigestible parts of food, such as fur and bones.

pelletize v
granuler pastiller
(transitive) To form into pellets.

peloton /ˈpɛlətɒn/ /ˌpɛləˈtɑn/ pelotons n
peloton
(cycle racing) A group of riders formed during a cycling road race; especially, the main group of riders; the pack.

pelt /pɛlt/ pelts n
dépouille peau
The skin of an animal with the hair or wool on; either a raw or undressed hide, or a skin preserved with the hair or wool on it (sometimes worn as a garment with minimal modification).
peau
(chiefly, Ireland, humorous, informal) Human skin, especially when bare; also, a person's hair.

pelt /pɛlt/ v
bombarder
To bombard (someone or something) with missiles.
To force (someone or something) to move using blows or the throwing of missiles.
pleuvoir à verse
Especially of hailstones, rain, or snow: to beat down or fall forcefully or heavily; to rain down.

peltmonger peltmongers n
fourreur fourreuse pelletier pelletière
A dealer in pelts (animal skins).

pelvic /ˈpɛlvɪk/ adj
pelvien
Of, pertaining to, or in the region of, the pelvis

pelvic fin pelvic fins n
nageoire pelvienne
(ichthyology) Either of a pair of fins on either side and towards the rear of a fish.

pelvic floor pelvic floors n
plancher pelvien diaphragme pelvien
(anatomy) A muscular partition, formed by the muscle fibers of the levator ani, the coccygeus, and associated connective tissue, which spans the area underneath the pelvis.

pelvic thrust pelvic thrusts n
poussée pelvienne

pelvimeter pelvimeters n
pelvimètre
An instrument for measuring the pelvis.

pelvis /ˈpɛlvɪs/ pelves pelvises n
bassin pelvis
(anatomy) The large compound bone structure at the base of the spine that supports the legs. It consists of hip bone, sacrum and coccyx.

pemmican /ˈpɛmɪkən/ pemmicans n
pemmican
A food made from meat which has been dried and beaten into a paste, mixed with berries and rendered fat, and shaped into little patties. [from 18th c.]

pen /pɛn/ /pɪn/ pens n
enclos
An enclosure (enclosed area) used to contain domesticated animals, especially sheep or cattle.
stylo plume
A tool, originally made from a feather but now usually a small tubular instrument, containing ink used to write or make marks.
cygne femelle
A female swan.

pen /pɛn/ /pɪn/ v
écrire
(transitive) To write (an article, a book, etc.).

pen name pen names n
pseudonyme nom de guerre nom de plume
A fictitious name used by an author in place of their actual name; a writer's pseudonym.

pen pal pen pals n
correspondant correspondante
A friend with whom one communicates using letters, usually over a long distance.

pen shell pen shells n
nacre
Any of the Pinnidae, a family of large saltwater clams.

pen-tailed treeshrew pen-tailed treeshrews n
ptilocerque
A shrew-like animal native to Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand, Ptilocercus lowii.

penal /ˈpiːnəl/ adj
pénal
Of or relating to punishment.

penalize /ˈpiː.nəl.aɪz/ /ˈpɛn.əl.aɪz/ v
pénaliser
(transitive) To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation.

penally more penally most penally adv
pénalement
According to a penal code

penalty /ˈpɛnəlti/ penalties n
penalisation
A legal sentence.
peine
(ice hockey) A punishment for an infraction of the rules, often in the form of being removed from play for a specified amount of time.

penalty area penalty areas n
surface de réparation
(football, futsal) An area of a pitch or field, inside which a penalty is given to the offensive team if a foul is made by the defensive team.

penalty box penalty boxes n
banc des pénalités
(ice hockey) An enclosed bench where a player must remain for timed period (a penalty) that is assessed after an infraction.

penalty kick penalty kicks n
penalty péno
(soccer) A form of direct free kick, taken from the penalty spot after a defensive foul in the penalty box, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.

penalty kill penalty kills n
désavantage numérique infériorité numérique
(ice hockey) An effort by a penalized team to nullify a penalty and opponent's power play, a length of time during the game when a penalized team has one or more players in the penalty box.

penalty shootout penalty shootouts n
tirs au but
(football, field hockey) A series of penalties (penalty kicks in soccer), taken to decide a winner after a game has resulted in a tie and extra time has been played.

penalty spot penalty spots n
point de penalty
(football) a small white spot, painted on the grass, twelve yards in front of the centre of the goal line, from which all penalty kicks are taken

penalty try penalty tries n
essai de pénalité
(rugby) An awarding of five points (equivalent to scoring a try) to a team whose opponents have prevented, by misconduct, a try being scored.

penance /ˈpɛn.əns/ penances n
pénitence
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.
A sacrament in some Christian churches.

penchant /ˈpɒnʃɒn/ /ˈpɛnt͡ʃənt/ [ˈpɑ̃ʃɑ̃] penchants n
penchant
Taste, liking, or inclination (for).

pencil /ˈpɛnsəl/ /ˈpɛnsɪl/ /ˈpɛntsəl/ pencils n
crayon
A writing utensil with a graphite (commonly referred to as lead) shaft, usually blended with clay, clad in wood, and sharpened to a taper. [from 16th c.]

pencil case /ˈpɛnsəl ˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɛnsɪl ˌkeɪs/ pencil cases n
trousse plumier
An object purposed to contain different stationery like pencil, rubber, correction fluid, etc.

pencil holder pencil holders n
porte-crayon portecrayon
A small opened container for stationery such as pencils, ballpoint pens, rubber, correction fluid, etc.

pencil in v
poser une option
(transitive) to fill in or write in using pencil
(idiomatic, transitive) to provisionally schedule

pencil lead pencil leads n
mine
The material (usually black or dark gray) which allows a pencil to work. Usually a mixture of graphite and smaller amounts of other material, but not actual lead.

pencil pusher pencil pushers n
gratte-papier
(informal, often, derogatory) One who does routine office work; someone involved mainly in paperwork.

pencil sharpener pencil sharpeners n
taille-crayon aiguisoir
A device used to sharpen pencils by shaving the wood at one end.

pencil skirt /ˈpɛnsəl skɜːt/ pencil skirts n
jupe-crayon
A slim skirt (clothing) with a straight and narrow cut, usually approximately knee-length.

pendant /ˈpɛnd(ə)nt/ pendants n
pendentif
A piece of jewellery which hangs down as an ornament, especially worn on a chain around the neck. [from 15th c.]

pendeloque /-ˈlɑk/ /ˌpɒndəˈlɒk/ /ˌpɛndəˈloʊk/ pendeloques n
pendeloque
(also, attributive) A drop-shaped diamond or other gem used as a pendant; also, a piece of jewellery in pendant form. [from 19th c.]

pendentive pendentives n
pendentif
(architecture) The concave triangular sections of vaulting that provide the transition between a dome and the square base on which it is set and transfer the weight of the dome.

pending /ˈpɛndɪŋ/ adj
en suspens
Awaiting a conclusion or a confirmation.
Begun but not completed.
About to happen; imminent or impending.

pendulum /ˈpɛnd͡ʒələm/ /ˈpɪnd͡ʒələm/ pendula pendulums n
pendule
(clocks, mechanics) A body suspended from a fixed support so that it swings freely back and forth under the influence of gravity, commonly used to regulate various devices such as clocks.

pendulum clock pendulum clocks n
pendule
Any clock that uses a pendulum to regulate its movement

pene-enclave pene-enclaves n
périclave quasi-enclave
An area that is, for practical purposes, an enclave but does not meet the strict definition: an area that is not completely surrounded by another but can, in practice, be reached only by passing through another area. For instance, a region of a country that is not connected by road to the main part of the country without passing through another country.

peneplain /ˈpiːnɪpleɪn/ /ˈpɛnɪpleɪn/ peneplains n
pénéplaine
(geomorphology) A low-relief plain representing the final stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability.

penetrable /ˈpɛnətɹəbəl/ more penetrable most penetrable adj
pénétrable
Capable of being penetrated, entered, or pierced.

penetrate /ˈpɛnətɹeɪt/ /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪt/ v
pénétrer
To enter into; to make way into the interior of; to pierce.

penetrating /ˈpɛnɪtɹeɪtɪŋ/ more penetrating most penetrating adj
pénétrant
able to pierce or penetrate

penetration /pɛnɪˈtɹeɪʃ(ə)n/ penetrations n
pénétration
The act of penetrating something. [from 15th c.]

penguin /ˈpɛŋɡwɪn/ /ˈpɪŋɡwɪn/ penguins n
manchot pingouin
Any of several flightless sea birds, of order Sphenisciformes, found in the Southern Hemisphere, marked by their usual upright stance, walking on short legs, and (generally) their stark black and white plumage. [from 16th c.]

penguinarium penguinariums n
pinguinarium
A vivarium for penguins.

peniaphobia n
péniaphobie
The fear of poverty or poor people.

penicillin /ˌpɛn.ɪˈsɪl.ɪn/ penicillins n
pénicilline
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from Penicillium molds or synthesized, that have a beta-lactam structure and are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.

penile /ˈpiː.naɪ.əl/ /ˈpiː.nəl/ adj
pénien
Pertaining to the penis. [from 19th c.]

peninsula /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.sə.lə/ /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə/ /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə/ peninsulae peninsulas n
péninsule presqu'île
(geography) A piece of land projecting into water from a larger land mass.

peninsular /pəˈnɪn.sjə.lə(ɹ)/ /pəˈnɪn.sə.ləɹ/ /pəˈnɪn.ʃə.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɛn.ɪn.sjʊ.lə(ɹ)/ more peninsular most peninsular adj
péninsulaire
Of, pertaining to, resembling, or connected with a peninsula.

penis /ˈpi.nɪs/ /ˈpiː.nɪs/ [ˈpʰi.nɪs] [ˈpʰiː.nɪs] penes penises n
pénis bite membre membre viril

penis envy n
envie du pénis
(psychoanalysis) The unconscious desire of a woman to possess a penis.

penitent /ˈpɛnɪtənt/ penitents n
pénitent
One who repents of sin; one sorrowful on account of their transgressions.

penitentiary /ˌpɛnɪˈtɛnʃəɹi/ penitentiaries n
pénitencier
(chiefly, US) A state or federal prison for convicted felons; (broadly) a prison.

penknife penknives n
canif

pennant /ˈpɛnənt/ pennants n
fanion
A flag normally used by naval vessels to represent a special condition.

penniless /ˈpɛ.nɪ.ləs/ adj
sans le sou
Lacking even the smallest amount of money.

penny /pəni/ /ˈpɛni/ /ˈpɪni/ pence pennies pens n
penny
(historical) In the United Kingdom and Ireland, a unit of currency worth 1⁄240 of a pound sterling or Irish pound before decimalisation, or a copper coin worth this amount. Abbreviation: d.

penny farthing penny farthings n
grand-bi
A type of bicycle popular in the 19th century, with the front wheel far larger than the rear one.

penny for your thoughts /ˈpɛn.i fɔɹ jʊɹ ˈθɑts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɔɹ jʊɹ ˈθɔts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɔː jɔː ˈθɔːts/ /ˈpɛn.i fəː jəː ˈθɔːts/ /ˈpɛn.i fɚ jɚ ˈθɑts/ phraseologicalUnit
à quoi [[penses-tu]] en ce moment ?
(idiomatic) Used to inquire into the thoughts and feelings of another, especially when the person appears pensive or conflicted.

penology penologies n
pénologie
Study of the processes devised and adopted for the punishment and prevention of crime.

pension /pɑnˈsjoʊn/ /pɑ̃ˈsjɔ̃/ /ˈpɒ̃sjɒ̃/ pensions n
pension
A boarding house or small hotel, especially in continental Europe, which typically offers lodging and certain meals and services. [from 17th c.]

pension /ˈpɛnʃən/ pensions n
pension retraite
An annuity paid regularly as benefit due to a retired employee, serviceman etc. in consideration of past services, originally and chiefly by a government but also by various private pension schemes. [from 16th c.]

pension /ˈpɛnʃən/ v
pensionner pensioner
(transitive) To grant a pension to.

pension fund pension funds n
fonds de pension
A pool of assets forming an independent legal entity that are bought with the contributions to a pension plan for the exclusive purpose of financing pension plan benefits.

pension plan pension plans n
plan de pension

pensioner /ˈpɛnʃənə/ /ˈpɛnʃənɚ/ pensioners n
retraité retraitée
Someone who lives on a pension, especially the retirement or old age pension.

pensive /ˈpɛn.sɪv/ more pensive most pensive adj
pensif chagrin mélancolique
Engaged in, involving, or reflecting deep or serious thought.
pensif
Having the appearance of deep, often melancholic, thinking.

penstock penstocks n
conduite forcée
A sluice or pipe which allows the controlled flow of water from behind a dam, typically routing it to a turbine of a power plant.

penstroke penstrokes n
coup de stylo
a stroke of a pen

pent-up /pɛnt ʌp/ more pent-up most pent-up adj
refoulé
Repressed or suppressed, especially of emotions or impulses.

penta- /pɛntæ-/ /pɛntə-/ prefix
penta-
five

pentachloride pentachlorides n
pentaclorure
(chemistry) any chloride containing five chlorine atoms in each molecule

pentachoron pentachora pentachorons n
pentachore pentatope
(mathematics) A four-dimensional object analogous to a tetrahedron, constructed out of five tetrahedra.

pentacle /ˈpɛnt.ə.kl̩/ pentacles n
pentacle
(Wicca) A pentagram, or a disk with a pentagram on it, especially one that is used for magical or mystical purposes.
(Wicca) A circumscribed pentagram.

pentadactyl adj
pentadactyle
(anatomy) Having five digits on a limb.

pentadecagon /ˌpɛntəˈdɛkəɡən/ pentadecagons n
pentadécagone pentédécagone
A polygon with fifteen sides.

pentagon /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɑn/ /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɒn/ /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡən/ pentagons n
pentagone
(geometry) A polygon with five sides and five angles.

pentagram /ˈpɛn.tə.ɡɹæm/ pentagrams n
pentagramme
The shape of a five-pointed star constructed of five intersecting lines meeting at the vertices, such that a central pentagon and five surrounding isosceles triangles are formed; often with magical connotations; a 5/2 (or 5/3) star polygon.

pentahedron /ˌpɛntaˈhiːdɹən/ pentahedra pentahedrons n
pentaèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with five faces.

pentalogy pentalogies n
pentalogie
A set of five works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as five individual works.

pentane pentanes n
pentane
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon of chemical formula C5H12; either of the three isomers n-pentane, methyl-butane (isopentane), and di-methyl-propane (neopentane); volatile liquids under normal conditions.

pentaquark /-kwɑɹk/ /-kwɑːk/ /ˈpɛntəkwɔɹk/ /ˈpɛntəkwɔːk/ pentaquarks n
pentaquark
(particle) Any of a class of subatomic particles (previously hypothetical, since detected, subject to confirmation) consisting of a group of five quarks (compared to three quarks in normal baryons and two in mesons), or more specifically four quarks and one antiquark (symbol Θ).

pentarchic adj
pentarchique

pentarchy pentarchies n
pentarchie

pentathionic acid n
acide pentathionique

pentathlete /ˈpɛn.tæθ.lit/ pentathletes n
pentathlonien pentathlonienne
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the pentathlon

pentatonic adj
pentatonique
(music) Based on five tones.

pentavalent adj
pentavalent
(medicine) Having a vaccine valence of 5.

pentazole pentazoles n
pentazole
(inorganic compound) HN5, The five-membered homocyclic compound containing five nitrogen atoms and two double bonds

pentene pentenes n
pentène
(organic compound) Any of several isomeric alkenes having five carbon atoms and one double bond

penthouse /ˈpɛnt(h)aʊs/ penthouses n
appentis
(now, historical) A structure or annexe (especially one with a sloping roof) extending from the side of a building, sometimes as protection from the weather. [from 14th c.]
penthouse attique
An apartment or suite found on an upper floor, or floors, of a tall building, especially one that is expensive or luxurious with panoramic views. [from 19th c.]

pentimento /ˌpɛntəˈmɛnti/ /ˌpɛntəˈmɛntoʊ/ /ˌpɛntɪˈmɛnti/ /ˌpɛntɪˈmɛntəʊ/ [-ɾi] [-ɾoʊ] [-ɾə-] pentimenti n
repentir
(art, literature) The presence of traces of a previous work in an artistic or literary work; especially (painting) an image which has been painted over but is still detectable.

pentol pentols n
pentol
(organic compound) any organic compound having five hydroxy functional groups

penultimate /pɪˈnʌltɪmət/ adj
avant-dernier pénultième
(UK, in, _, US, _, usually, formal) Next to last, second to last; immediately preceding the end of a sequence, list, etc.

penultimate /pɪˈnʌltɪmət/ penultimates n
avant-dernier pénultième
(obsolete, rare) The penultimate day of a month.

penumbra /pəˈnʌm.bɹə/ penumbrae penumbras penumbræ n
pénombre
A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse.
(astronomy) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot.

penury /ˈpɛnjəɹi/ /ˈpɛnjʊɹi/ penuries n
pénurie
(now, chiefly, poetic) A lack of something; a dearth.

peon /pjuːn/ /pɪˈuːn/ /ˈpeɪ.ɑn/ /ˈpeɪ.ɒn/ /ˈpi.ɑn/ /ˈpiː.ən/ peones peons n
péon
A lowly person; a peasant or serf; a labourer who is obliged to do menial work.

peony /ˈpiːəni/ peonies n
pivoine
A flowering plant of the genus Paeonia with large fragrant flowers.

people /ˈpipl̩/ /ˈpipəl/ /ˈpiːpl̩/ /ˈpiːpəl/ [ˈpʰipɫ̩] peoples n
gens peuple
a body of persons considered generally or collectively; a group of two or more persons.
peuple gens
(countable, collective) Persons forming or belonging to a particular group, such as a nation, class, ethnic group, country, family, etc.
The mass of a community as distinguished from a special class (elite); the commonalty; the populace; the vulgar; the common crowd; the citizens.
équipe gens
A group of persons regarded as being servants, followers, companions or subjects of a ruler or leader.
mien
A person's ancestors, relatives or family.

people /ˈpipl̩/ /ˈpipəl/ /ˈpiːpl̩/ /ˈpiːpəl/ [ˈpʰipɫ̩] v
peupler
(transitive) To stock with people or inhabitants; to fill as with people; to populate.
se peupler
(intransitive) To become populous or populated.
peupler se peupler
(transitive) To inhabit; to occupy; to populate.

people who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones proverb
c'est l’hôpital qui se fout de la charité celui qui vit dans une maison de verre ne doit jamais lancer de pierres
Do not criticize others if you have similar weaknesses yourself.

people's /ˈpiːpəlz/ adj
populaire
In certain socialist states: of, from, or controlled (at least in name) by the common people rather than a ruling elite.

people's democracy people's democracies n
démocratie populaire

people's party people's parties n
parti populaire
(politics) A political party, its designation normally reflecting a focus on people.

people's republic people's republics n
république populaire
A self-designation of states with Marxist-Leninist governments.

peot n
papillote
Sidelocks worn by Hasidic and Orthodox male Jews.

pep /pɛp/ peps n
entrain pep peps punch tonus
Energy, high spirits.

pep /pɛp/ v
ravigoter revigorer énergiser
(transitive) To inject with energy and enthusiasm.

pep talk /ˈpɛp tɔːk/ /ˈpɛp ˌtɑk/ /ˈpɛp ˌtɔk/ pep talks n
exhortation laïus d'encouragement
(colloquial) A rallying speech made to instill enthusiasm and boost confidence

peplum /ˈpɛpləm/ pepla peplums n
péplum
(countable) An individual film in this genre.

pepo /ˈpi.poʊ/ /ˈpiː.pəʊ/ pepos n
péponide pépon
A fruit of plants of the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, possessing a hard rind and producing many seeds in a single, central, pulpy chamber.

pepper /ˈpɛpə/ /ˈpɛpɚ/ peppers n
poivrier poivre
A plant of the family Piperaceae.
poivre
(uncountable) A spice prepared from the fermented, dried, unripe berries of this plant.
poivron piment
(UK, US, Ireland, and, Canada) A bell pepper, a fruit of the capsicum plant: red, green, yellow or white, hollow and containing seeds, and in very spicy and mild varieties.

pepper /ˈpɛpə/ /ˈpɛpɚ/ v
poivrer assaisonner de poivre
(transitive) To add pepper to.
recouvrir
(transitive) To cover with lots of (something made up of small things).
ponctuer
(transitive) To add (something) at frequent intervals.

pepper mill pepper mills n
moulin à poivre
A small handheld grinder containing a supply of peppercorns for grinding fresh at the table or in the kitchen.

pepper pot pepper pots n
poivrière
A small container with a perforated top used for sprinkling ground pepper

pepper shaker /ˈpɛpə(ɹ) ˌʃeɪkə(ɹ)/ pepper shakers n
poivrier poivrière
A small container designed to hold pepper and facilitate sprinkling it on food for seasoning purposes.

pepper spray pepper sprays n
gaz poivre gaz poivré poivre de Cayenne
A non-lethal chemical agent derived from peppers used in riot control and personal self-defense.

pepper tree pepper trees n
molle
Any of the South American trees in the genus Schinus, which have small fruits that have been used as a substitute for black pepper

peppercorn /ˈpɛpəkɔːn/ /ˈpɛpɚkɔɹn/ peppercorns n
grain de poivre
The seeds of the plant Piper nigrum. Commonly used as a spice, usually but not always ground or crushed.

peppermint /ˈpɛpəˌmɪnt/ /ˈpɛpɚˌmɪnt/ peppermints n
menthe poivrée
A hybrid herb of the mint family (Mentha × piperita), formed by crossing watermint and spearmint, which has a high menthol content and a sharp flavor and is used in cooking, especially in herb teas and in confections. [from 17th c.]
(countable) Any of various sweets containing extract of the peppermint herb; peppermint confectionery. [from 19th c.]

pepperoni /pɛpəˈɹoʊni/ pepperoni pepperonis n
pepperoni
A spicy salami-style Italian-American sausage made from cured pork and beef seasoned with pepper.
Pizza with only tomato sauce, cheese and pepperoni toppings.

pepperwort /ˈpɛpəwəːt/ pepperworts n
corne-de-cerf cresson lepidium passerage
Any of several species of perennial plant in the genus Lepidium (originally specifically dittander, species Lepidium latifolium), which is a member of the mustard and cabbage family. [from 16th c.]

pepsin /ˈpɛpsɪn/ pepsins n
pepsine
(enzyme) A digestive enzyme that chemically digests, or breaks down, proteins into shorter chains of amino acids.

peptic ulcer peptic ulcers n
ulcère gastroduodénal ulcère peptique
(pathology) An ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract.

peptide /ˈpɛptaɪd/ peptides n
peptide
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic compounds consisting of various numbers of amino acids in which the amine of one is reacted with the carboxylic acid of the next to form an amide bond.

peptide bond peptide bonds n
liaison peptidique
(chemistry) An amide bond formed between the amino and carboxyl functional groups of separate amino acids.

peptization peptizations n
peptisation
The stabilization of a hydrophobic colloidal sol by the addition of an electrolyte that is adsorbed on the particle surfaces

per /pɜː(ɹ)/ /pɝ/ preposition
par
For each.
par au à
To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
par par voie via
(medicine) By the, by means of the, via the, through the.
suivant d'après selon
In accordance with, as per

per annum
par an
For a year.

per bend adv
tranché
(heraldry) (Partitioned) diagonally by a line going from the dexter chief (viewer's top left) along a 45 degree angle towards the sinister base, (especially) into two halves (formally party per bend).

per bend sinister adv
taillé
(heraldry) (Partitioned) diagonally by a line going from the sinister chief (viewer's top right) towards the dexter base, (especially) into two halves (formally party per bend sinister).

per capita adj
par personne
per person
par habitant
shared equally among all individuals

per capita adv
par habitant
per person

per chevron adv
en chevron mantelé
(heraldry) (Partitioned) along the bent line(s) of a chevron, (especially) into two areas (formally party per chevron).

per fess adv
coupé
(heraldry) (Partitioned) horizontally; (especially) partitioned horizontally into two halves (formally party per fess).

per pale adv
parti
(heraldry) (Partitioned) vertically; (especially) partitioned vertically into two halves (formally party per pale).

per procurationem adv
par procuration
(legal) by the agency of, especially when signing a letter in place of someone else

per se /pəˈseɪ/ /pəˈsæɪ/ /pɚˈseɪ/ /pɚˈsiː/ adv
per se en soi en tant que tel
Without determination by or involvement of extraneous factors; by its very nature.

percarbide percarbides n
percarbure

perceive /pəˈsiːv/ /pɚˈsiv/ v
percevoir
(transitive) To become aware of, through the physical senses, to see; to understand.

percent /pəˈsɛnt/ /pɚˈsɛnt/ percent percents n
pour cent pourcent
A percentage, a proportion (especially per hundred).
One part per hundred; one percent, hundredth. [from 19th c.]

percentage /pəˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ /pɚˈsɛntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɚsɛnt(e)ɪd͡ʒ/ percentages n
pourcentage
The amount, number or rate of something, regarded as part of a total of 100; a part of a whole.
A share of the sales, profits, gross margin or similar.

percentage point percentage points n
point de pourcentage
One hundredth of a given value, used to measure the difference of two percentages.

perceptible /pəˈsɛptɪbl̩/ /pɚˈsɛptəbl̩/ more perceptible most perceptible adj
perceptible
Able to be perceived, sensed, or discerned.

perceptibly more perceptibly most perceptibly adv
perceptiblement
In a perceptible manner.

perception /pəˈsɛpʃn̩/ /pɚˈsɛpʃ(ə)n/ perceptions n
perception
The organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information.
Conscious understanding of something.
Vision (ability)

perceptive /pəˈsɛptɪv/ /pɚˈsɛptɪv/ more perceptive most perceptive adj
perspicace pertinent
Having or showing keenness of perception, insight, understanding, or intuition.

perch /pɜːtʃ/ /pɝt͡ʃ/ perch perches n
perche
Any of the three species of spiny-finned freshwater fish in the genus Perca.
Any of the about 200 related species of fish in the taxonomic family Percidae, especially:
Several similar species in the order Perciformes, such as the grouper.
perchoir
A rod, staff, tree branch, ledge, etc., used as a roost by a bird.

perch /pɜːtʃ/ /pɝt͡ʃ/ v
se percher
(intransitive) To rest on a perch (especially, of a bird); to roost.
jucher percher
(transitive) To place something on (or as if on) a perch.

percipient percipients n
percipient
(parapsychology) One who has perceived a paranormal event.

percolate /ˈpɜːkəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkjəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkəleɪt/ percolates n
percolat
(rare) A liquid that has been percolated.

percolate /ˈpɜːkəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkjəleɪt/ /ˈpɝkəleɪt/ v
percoler faire percoler filtrer
(transitive) To pass a liquid through a porous substance; to filter.
percoler filtrer
(intransitive) To drain or seep through a porous substance.

percolation /pɜːkəˈleɪʃən/ /pɝkəˈleɪʃən/ percolations n
percolation
The seepage or filtration of a liquid through a porous substance.

percolator /ˈpɜːkəleɪtə/ /ˈpɝkəleɪtɚ/ percolators n
percolateur
A device used to brew coffee by passing boiling water through coffee grounds

percontation /ˌpɜːkɒnˈteɪʃn̩/ /ˌpɝkənˈteɪʃ(ə)n/ percontations n
enquête
(formal, rare, or, obsolete) A question which cannot properly be given a one-word answer like “yes” or “no”. [from early 17th c.]

percussion /pɚˈkʌʃən/ percussions n
percussion
(music) The section of an orchestra or band containing percussion instruments; such instruments considered as a group; in bands, may be separate from drum kits.

percussion cap percussion caps n
amorce
a metal cap found on muzzleloading firearms that contains chemical substances such as fulminate that explode upon impact

percussion instrument percussion instruments n
instrument de percussion
(music) An instrument in which the sound is produced by striking, scraping or shaking an object.

percussionist percussionists n
percussionniste
A trained musician who plays percussion instruments, as opposed to a drummer who lacks formal training.

percutaneous /pɜːkjuːˈteɪnɪəs/ adj
percutané
(surgery) Taking place through the skin and involving a puncture thereof.

perdition /pɜː(ɹ).ˈdɪ.ʃən/ perditions n
enfer
Hell.

peregrinate /ˈpɛ.ɹɪ.ɡɹəˌneɪt/ more peregrinate most peregrinate adj
pérégrin
(rare) Peregrine; having travelled; exotic, foreign.

peregrine falcon /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfælkən/ /ˈpɛɹəɡɹɪn ˈfɔː(l)kən/ peregrine falcons n
faucon pèlerin
A medium-sized, very swift falcon, Falco peregrinus, that hunts small birds.

peremptory /pəˈɹɛmptəɹi/ more peremptory most peremptory adj
irréfutable péremptoire sans appel
(legal) Precluding debate or expostulation; not admitting of question or appeal
péremptoire
Positive in opinion or judgment; absolutely certain, overconfident, unwilling to hear any debate or argument (especially in a pejorative sense); dogmatic.
impérieux autoritaire dictatorial
Accepting no refusal or disagreement; imperious, dictatorial.

perennial /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/ /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/ adj
pérenne
Lasting or remaining active throughout the year, for multiple years, or all the time.

perennial /pəˈɹɛn.i.əl/ /pəˈɹɛn.j(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɛn.ɪ.əl/ perennials n
vivace
(botany) A plant that is active throughout the year, or has a life cycle of more than two growing seasons.

perestroika /pɛɹ.ɪˈstɹɔi.kə/ perestroikas n
perestroïka
(historical, uncountable) A program of political and economic reform carried out in the Soviet Union in the 1980s and early 1990s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev.

perfect /ˈpɜː.fɛkt/ /ˈpɜː.fɪkt/ /ˈpɝ.fɪkt/ more perfect most perfect perfecter perfectest adj
parfait
Fitting its definition precisely.
Having all of its parts in harmony with a common purpose.
Without fault or mistake; without flaw, of supreme quality.
Excellent and delightful in all respects.
(grammar, of a tense or verb form) Representing a completed action.

perfect /pəˈfɛkt/ /pɚˈfɛkt/ v
parfaire perfectionner
(transitive) To make perfect; to improve or hone.

perfect cube perfect cubes n
cube parfait

perfect field perfect fields n
corps parfait
(algebra, field theory) A field K such that every irreducible polynomial over K has distinct roots.

perfect fifth perfect fifths n
quinte juste
(music) An interval equal to that of between the second and third harmonics of the harmonic series. In twelve-tone equal temperament, it spans seven semitones or five degrees of the diatonic scale.

perfect infinitive perfect infinitives n
infinitif passé
In English, an infinitival phrase consisting of the infinitive of the auxiliary "have" (with or without a preceding "to") plus the past participle; a comparable phrase or word in other languages.

perfect metal perfect metals n
métal noble
(chemistry, obsolete) Any metal, such as gold or silver, not readily oxidized by heat and air.

perfect number perfect numbers n
nombre parfait
(number theory) A number that is the sum of all of its divisors except itself.

perfect pitch perfect pitches n
oreille absolue
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify a note by name on hearing it, or to re-create a specified note from memory, without the benefit of an externally provided reference pitch.

perfectibility perfectibilities n
perfectibilité
The possibility of achieving perfection.

perfection /pɚˈfɛk.ʃən/ perfections n
perfection
The quality or state of being perfect or complete, so that nothing substandard remains; the highest attainable state or degree of excellence

perfectionism perfectionisms n
perfectionnisme
An unwillingness to settle for anything less than perfection.

perfectionist /pɚˈfɛk.ʃənɪst/ more perfectionist most perfectionist adj
perfectionniste
(philosophy) Inclined or related to perfectionism.

perfectionist /pɚˈfɛk.ʃənɪst/ perfectionists n
perfectionniste
Someone who is unwilling to settle for anything that is not perfect or does not meet extremely high standards. [from 20th c.]

perfective /pə(ɹ)ˈfɛktɪv/ adj
perfectif
(grammar) Of, or relative to, the perfect tense or perfective aspect.

perfective /pə(ɹ)ˈfɛktɪv/ perfectives n
perfectif
(grammar) A perfective verb form.

perfective aspect n
perfectif
(grammar) A feature of the verb which denotes viewing the event the verb describes as a completed whole, rather than from within the event as it unfolds. For example, "she sat down" as opposed to "she was sitting down". Since the focus is on the completion of what is expressed by the verb, this aspect is generally associated with the past and future tenses. This term is often used interchangeably with aorist aspect. This is not to be confused with the perfect tense.

perfectly /ˈpɑɹfɪk(t)lɪ/ /ˈpɜːfɪk(t)li/ /ˈpɝfɪk(t)li/ more perfectly most perfectly adv
parfaitement
With perfection.

perfidious /pəˈfɪdi.əs/ /pɚˈfɪdi.əs/ more perfidious most perfidious adj
perfide
Of, pertaining to, or representing perfidy; disloyal to what should command one's fidelity or allegiance. [from late 16th c.]

perfidy /ˈpɜː.fɪ.di/ /ˈpɝ.fɪ.di/ perfidies n
perfidie
A state or act of violating faith or allegiance; violation of a promise or vow, or of trust.

perfin perfins n
perforé
(philately) A stamp marked with perforated initials.

perfoliate adj
perfolié
(botany, of leaves) Appearing to have the stem passing through the blade.
(botany, of leaves) Having the leaf round the stem at the base.

perforation perforations n
perforation
Any opening in a solid object.

perforation gauge perforation gauges n
odontomètre
(philately) A device for measuring the number of perforations per 2 centimetre distance along the edge of a postage stamp.

perforce /pəˈfɔːs/ /pɚˈfɔɹs/ adv
forcément
(archaic) By force.
nécessairement
By constraint of circumstances; of necessity, inevitably, unavoidably; as a matter of course.

perform /pəˈfɔːm/ /pɚˈfɔɹm/ [pʰəˈfɔːm] v
effectuer faire accomplir exécuter
(transitive) To do (something); to execute.
performer
(intransitive) To exhibit an expected pattern of behavior; to function; to work.
jouer interpréter chanter danser
(ambitransitive) To do (something) in front of an audience, such as acting or music, often in order to entertain.

performance /pəɹ.ˈfɔɹ.məns/ [pə.ˈfɔː.məns] [pɚ.ˈfɔɹ.məns] performances n
performance exécution
The act of performing; carrying into execution or action; execution; achievement; accomplishment; representation by action.
That which is performed or accomplished; a thing done or carried through; an achievement; a deed; an act; a feat; especially, an action of an elaborate or public character.
représentation prestation
(arts) A live show or concert.
performance
The amount of useful work accomplished estimated in terms of time needed, resources used, etc.

performance art performance arts n
art performance performance performance artistique
(arts) A form of art in which the artist creates a live performance, often using a variety of media.

performance management n
gestion de la performance
The process of ensuring that organisational goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner.

performant /pəˈfɔːmənt/ /pɚˈfɔɹmənt/ more performant most performant adj
performant
Capable of or characterized by a high or excellent level of performance or efficiency.

performative utterance performative utterances n
énoncé performatif
(philosophy, linguistics) A sentence or other linguistic expression which, when expressed in an appropriate context, actually does or accomplishes something.

performativity performativities n
performativité

performer /pəˈfɔːmə/ /pɚˈfɔɹmɚ/ performers n
artiste exécutant exécutante interprète
One who performs for, or entertains, an audience.

performing arts n
arts de la scène arts du spectacle arts vivants
(arts) The arts involving performance, such as dance, theatre, music, etc.

perfume /pɚˈfjuːm/ /ˈpɚfjuːm/ /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ /ˈpɝfjuːm/ perfumes n
parfum fragrance
A pleasant smell; the scent, odor, or odoriferous particles emitted from a sweet-smelling substance; a pleasant odor

perfume /pɚˈfjuːm/ /ˈpɚfjuːm/ /ˈpɜːfjuːm/ /ˈpɝfjuːm/ v
parfumer
(transitive) To apply perfume to; to fill or impregnate with a perfume; to scent.

perfumed more perfumed most perfumed adj
parfumé
Scented, having been given a pleasant smell.

perfumer /pəˈfjuːmə/ /ˈpəːfjʊmə/ perfumers n
parfumeur
A person who makes or sells perfume.

perfumery perfumeries n
parfumerie
(countable) A shop selling perfumes.

perfunctorily /pəɹˈfʌŋkt(ə)ɹɪli/ more perfunctorily most perfunctorily adv
négligemment pour la forme sans enthousiasme
In a perfunctory manner, without interest or concern for quality.

perfunctory /pəˈfʌŋk.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /pɚˈfʌŋk.tɚ.i/ more perfunctory most perfunctory adj
sommaire superficiel bâclé de pure forme détaché négligeant
Performed in a careless or indifferent manner as a thing of rote.

perfusion /pəɹˈfjuʒən/ perfusions n
perfusion
The act of perfusing, the passage of fluid through the circulatory system.

perfusionist /pə(ɹ)ˈfjuːʒənɪst/ perfusionists n
perfusionniste
A trained clinician who operates the heart-lung machine during cardiac and other surgeries.

pergola /pɜːˈɡɐʉlə/ /ˈpɜːɡələ/ pergolas pergole n
pergola
A framework in the form of a passageway of columns that supports a trelliswork roof; used to support and train climbing plants.
Such a framework employed to provide shade, especially over a patio.

perhaps /pəˈhæps/ /pɚˈhæps/ /ˈpɹæps/ adv
peut-être possiblement
Possibly.
(dated) By chance.

peri /ˈpɪə.ɹi/ peris n
péri
(Persian mythology) A sprite or supernatural being.

peri-urban /ˌpɛɹ.iˈɝ.bən/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈɝ.bən/ more peri-urban most peri-urban adj
périurbain
Immediately adjoining an urban area; between the suburbs and the countryside.

perianth perianths n
périanthe
(botany) The sterile parts of a flower; collectively, the sepals and petals (or tepals).

periapsis periapses periapsides periapsises n
périapse périapside

pericardial adj
péricardique
(cardiology) Of, or relating to the pericardium.

pericardiocentesis pericardiocenteses n
péricardiocentèse
(surgery) The removal of fluid from the pericardium for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes

pericarditis pericardites pericarditides n
péricardite
(cardiology, pathology) Inflammation of the pericardium, the membrane that surrounds the heart.

pericardium /ˌpɛɹɪˈkɑː(ɹ)di.əm/ pericardia pericardiums n
péricarde
(anatomy, cardiology) A serous membrane that surrounds the heart allowing it to contract.

pericarp /ˈpɛɹɪˌkɑɹp/ /ˈpɛɹɪˌkɑːp/ pericarps n
péricarpe
(botany) The outermost layer, or skin, of a ripe fruit or ovary.

periclase periclases n
périclase
(mineral) A cubic crystalline form of magnesium oxide (MgO).

pericope /pəˈɹɪkəpi/ pericopae pericopes n
péricope
(rhetoric) A section of text forming a coherent thought, suitable for use in a speech.
péricope liturgique
A passage of Scripture to be read in public worship or a book containing such passages.

pericycle pericycles n
péricycle
(botany) In a plant root, the cylinder of plant tissue between the endodermis and phloem.

peridot /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.doʊ/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.dɑt/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.dɒt/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.dəʊ/ peridots n
péridot
A transparent olive-green form of olivine, used as a gem.

peridotite /pəˈɹɪd.əˌtaɪt/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.doʊˌtaɪt/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.dəˌtaɪt/ peridotites n
péridotite
(geology) A rock consisting of small crystals of olivine, pyroxene and hornblende; the major constituent of the Earth's mantle.

perigalacticon perigalacticons n
périgalacticon
(astronomy) The point in the orbit of a star at which it is closest to the centre of its local galaxy

perigee /ˈpɛɹ.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.d͡ʒiː/ perigees n
périgée
(astronomy) The point, in an orbit about the Earth, that is closest to the Earth: the periapsis of an Earth orbiter.

perihelion /ˌpɛɹ.əˈhil.jən/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈhiː.li.ən/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈhiː.lɪ.ən/ perihelia perihelions n
périhélie
(astronomy) The point in the elliptical orbit of a comet, planet, etc., where it is nearest to the Sun.

peril /ˈpɛɹəl/ /ˈpɛɹɪl/ perils n
péril risque
A situation of serious and immediate danger.
risque
Something that causes, contains, or presents danger.

perilla /pəˈɹɪl.ə/ perillas n
perilla pérille pérille de Nankin
An East Asian herb with flavorful leaves used in cooking and as a garnish, Perilla frutescens. Also grown for the seeds, which contain an edible and industrially-useful oil.

perilous /pɛɹ.l̩.əs/ /ˈpɛɹ.ɪ.ləs/ more perilous most perilous adj
périlleux
Dangerous, full of peril.

perimenopause n
périménopause
The physiological stage that women approaching menopause go through when, due to hormonal changes, they progress from their usual pattern of menstruation through a phase of atypical menstruation, and finally cease menstruating. Perimenopause ends when a woman has not menstruated for a year.

perimeter /pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.tɚ/ /ˈpɹɪm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ [pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.ɾə(ɹ)] [pəˈɹɪm.ɪ.ɾɚ] perimeters n
périmètre
(mathematics) The sum of the distance of all the lengths of the sides of an object.
(mathematics) The length of such a boundary.

perinatal more perinatal most perinatal adj
périnatal
Of or pertaining to the time around birth.

perinatology n
périnéologie
A branch of obstetrics focusing on the medical and surgical management of high-risk pregnancies.

perineal adj
périnéal
Referring to the region of the perineum.

perineal raphe perineal raphae n
raphé périnéal
(anatomy) The visible line that extends from the anus, through the mid-line of the scrotum and upwards through the posterior mid-line aspect of the penis

perineum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.əˈniː.əm/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪˈni.əm/ perinea perineums n
périnée

period /ˈpi.ɹɪd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹi.əd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/ /ˈpɪɚ.i.əd/ /ˈpɪɹ.i.əd/ interjection
point final point point barre un point c'est tout
(chiefly, North America) That's final; that's the end of the matter (analogous to a period ending a sentence); end of story.

period /ˈpi.ɹɪd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹi.əd/ /ˈpɪə.ɹɪ.əd/ /ˈpɪɚ.i.əd/ /ˈpɪɹ.i.əd/ periods n
période
A length of time in history seen as a single coherent entity; an epoch, era. [from 16th c.]
(chemistry) A row in the periodic table of the elements. [from 19th c.]
point
(now, chiefly, North America, Philippines) The punctuation mark “.” (indicating the ending of a sentence or marking an abbreviation).
période cycle
The length of time during which the same characteristics of a periodic phenomenon recur, such as the repetition of a wave or the rotation of a planet. [from 17th c.]
période système
(geology) A geochronologic unit of millions to tens of millions of years; a subdivision of an era, and subdivided into epochs.

periodentosis n
paradontose
(dentistry) Inflammation of soft tissues around one's teeth such as the gums.

periodic /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk/ adj
périodique
Relative to a period or periods.
Having repeated cycles.
Occurring at regular intervals.

periodic inventory n
inventaire intermittent

periodic table /ˌpɪə-/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪk ˈteɪbəl/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɒdɪk ˈteɪb(ə)l/ periodic tables n
tableau périodique tableau périodique des éléments
(chemistry) A tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

periodical /ˌpɪəɹiˈɒdɪkl̩/ /ˌpɪɹiˈɑdɪkl̩/ periodicals n
périodique
A regularly issued thematic publication that contains the most current information in its field, often the primary means for communication of original scholarship or creative work at the cutting edge of research in its field.

periodically adv
périodiquement
In a manner that is regular or periodic.

periodicity periodicities n
périodicité
The quality of being periodic; tendency to recur at regular intervals.

periodontics n
parodontologie
(dentistry) The study of supporting structures of teeth—gums, alveolar bone, cementum, and the periodontal ligament—and diseases and conditions that affect them.

periodontist periodontists n
parodontologue périodontiste
A dentist whose speciality is periodontics

periodontologist periodontologists n
parodontiste parodontologiste parodontologue périodontiste
One who works in the field of periodontology.

periodontology n
parodontie parodontologie
(dentistry) Periodontics

perioperative adj
periopératoire
(surgery) Relating to the period around an operation, including immediate preoperative preparation and postoperative recovery.

periople n
muraille
(anatomy) The external smooth horny layer of a hoof.

periosteum periostea periosteums n
périoste
A membrane surrounding a bone.

peripatetic /ˌpɛɹ.ə.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ /ˌpɛɹ.ɪ.pəˈtɛt.ɪk/ more peripatetic most peripatetic adj
itinérant nomade péripatéticien péripatétique
Tending to walk about.
péripatéticien péripatétique
(philosophy, usually, capitalized)

peripeteia /pɛɹɪpɪˈtaɪə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈteɪə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈtiə/ /pɛɹɪpɪˈtɪə/ peripeteias n
péripétie
(drama) A sudden reversal of fortune as a plot point in Classical tragedy.

peripheral /pəˈɹɪf(ə)ɹ(ə)l/ /pəˈɹɪfi.əl/ more peripheral most peripheral adj
périphérique
On the periphery or boundary.
Unimportant.

peripheral device peripheral devices n
périphérique périphérique informatique
(computer hardware) An electronic device that is outside the computer's system unit (external to the computer's enclosing case), but used by the computer to which it is connected, such as a printer or a scanner.

peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous systems n
système nerveux périphérique
(neuroanatomy) The part of the nervous system which is not the central nervous system.

peripheral vision n
vision périphérique

periphery /pəˈɹɪfəɹi/ peripheries n
périphérie
The outside boundary, parts or surface of something.

periphrasis /pəˈɹɪfɹəsɪs/ periphrases n
périphrase
The use of a longer expression instead of a shorter one with a similar meaning, for example "I am going to" instead of "I will".

periphrastic /ˌpɛ.ɹəˈfɹæ.stɪk/ /ˌpɛ.ɹɪˈfɹæ.stik/ more periphrastic most periphrastic adj
périphrastique
Expressed in more words than are necessary.
(grammar) Characterized by periphrasis.

periphyton periphytons n
périphyton

periplegmatic more periplegmatic most periplegmatic adj
périplegmatique

periscope /ˈpɛɹɪskəʊp/ periscopes n
périscope
A form of viewing device that allows the viewer to see things at a different height level and usually with minimal visibility.

periscopic adj
périscopique
Relating to periscopes and their use.

perish /ˈpɛɹɪʃ/ v
périr
(intransitive) To decay and disappear; to waste away to nothing.
(intransitive) To die; to cease to live.

perishable more perishable most perishable adj
périssable
Liable to perish, especially naturally subject to quick decomposition or decay.

perishable perishables n
denrées périssables
(in the plural) Food that does not keep for long.

perispomenon /ˌpɛɹɪˈspəʊmənɒn/ adj
périspomène
(linguistics, of a word) Having a circumflex accent on the last syllable.

peristalsis /ˌpɛɹɪˈstalsɪs/ /ˌpɛɹɪˈstælsɪs/ /ˌpɛɹɪˈstɑlsɪs/ peristalses n
péristaltisme
(medicine) The rhythmic, wave-like contraction and relaxation of muscles so as to propagate motion, as of food in the digestive tract.

peristeronic /pɚˈɪs.tɚˈɒn.ɪk/ /pɚˈɪs.tɚˈɔn.ɪk/ adj
péristéronique
Of or pertaining to pigeons.

peristyle /ˈpɛɹəstaɪl/ /ˈpɛɹɪstaɪl/ peristyles n
péristyle
A colonnade surrounding a courtyard, temple, etc., or the yard enclosed by such columns. [from 17th c.]
A porch surrounded by columns. [from 17th c.]

peritoneal /ˌpɛrətəˈni.əl/ /ˌpɛrɪtəˈniːəl/ adj
péritonéal
Of, relating to, or affecting the peritoneum.

peritoneum /ˌpɛ.ɹɪ.təˈniː.əm/ peritonea peritoneums n
péritoine
(anatomy) In mammals, the serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and that is folded over the viscera.

peritonitis peritonites peritonitides n
péritonite
(pathology) Inflammation of the peritoneum, especially when caused by an infectious organism introduced into the abdominal cavity.

perivascular adj
périvasculaire
Around or surrounding a blood vessel

periwinkle /ˈpɛɹ.ɪˌwɪŋ.kəl/ periwinkles n
bigorneau vigneau vignot
A mollusk of family Littorinidae.
pervenche
Similar plants of genus Catharanthus.
A color with bluish and purplish hues, somewhat light.

perjure /ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ v
parjurer
(reflexive) To knowingly and willfully make a false statement of witness while in court.

perjurer /ˈpəɹdʒəɹəɹ/ perjurers n
parjure
someone who has committed perjury by lying under oath

perjury /ˈpɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəɹi/ perjuries n
faux témoignage parjure
(legal) The deliberate giving of false or misleading testimony under oath.

perk /pɜːk/ /pɝk/ perks n
avantage
(informal) Perquisite.

perky /ˈpɝki/ perkier perkiest adj
enthousiaste gai vif
Lively.
dressé ferme
Standing upright; firm.

perlèche n
perlèche
angular cheilitis: inflammation of one or both of the corners of the mouth

permaculture permacultures n
permaculture
(agriculture) Any system of sustainable agriculture that renews natural resources and enriches local ecosystems. [from 1978]

permafrost /ˈpɝməˌfɹɔst/ permafrosts n
pergélisol permafrost
Permanently frozen ground, or a specific layer thereof.

permalink /ˈpɜː(ɹ).mə.lɪŋk/ permalinks n
permalien
(internet) A static internet address (link) to an individual blog entry or news item on the World Wide Web.

permanence /ˈpɜmənəns/ /ˈpɜɹmənəns/ permanences n
permanence
The state of being permanent.

permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ /ˈpɝmənənt/ more permanent most permanent adj
permanent
Without end, eternal.
Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

permanent /ˈpɜːmənənt/ /ˈpɝmənənt/ permanents n
permanente
A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.
permanent
(linear algebra, combinatorics) Given an n \times n matrix a_{ij} \,, the sum over all permutations \pi \, of \prod_{i=1}^n{a_{i\pi(i)}}.

permanent resident permanent residents n
résident de longue durée résident permanent
A person with permanent residency, a visa status which allows that person to reside indefinitely in a foreign country without acquiring citizenship in that country.

permanently /ˈpɜː(ɹ)məntli/ /ˈpɜːmənəntli/ /ˈpɝmənəntli/ more permanently most permanently adv
continuellement en permanence en tous temps toujours
In a permanent manner; lastingly.

permeability /ˌpɜːmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌpɝmi.əˈbɪlɪti/ permeabilities n
perméabilité
The property of being permeable.
(physics) A quantitative measure of the degree of magnetization of a material in the presence of an applied magnetic field (measured in newtons per ampere squared in SI units).

permeable /ˈpɜː(ɹ)miəbəl/ more permeable most permeable adj
perméable
(by extension) Allowing the passage of persons, information, or other things, especially when such passage occurs despite hopes or expectations otherwise.

permeate /ˈpɜːmiˌeɪt/ /ˈpɝmiˌeɪ̯t/ v
s'infiltrer s'insinuer
(transitive) To pass through the pores or interstices of; to penetrate and pass through without causing rupture or displacement; applied especially to fluids which pass through substances of loose texture
imprégner
(transitive) To enter and spread through; to pervade.

permille /pə(ɹ)ˈmɪl/ /pə(ɹ)ˈmɪli/ permille n
pour mille
A part or other object per thousand.

permission /pəˈmɪʃən/ /pɚˈmɪʃən/ permissions n
permission permis
authorisation; consent (especially formal consent from someone in authority)

permissive more permissive most permissive adj
permissif
Giving permission, or predisposed to give it; lenient.

permit /pəˈmɪt/ /pɚˈmɪt/ /ˈpɜːmɪt/ /ˈpɝmɪt/ permits n
permis permission
An artifact or document rendering something allowed or legal. [from 17th c.]

permit /pəˈmɪt/ /pɚˈmɪt/ /ˈpɜːmɪt/ /ˈpɝmɪt/ v
permettre
(transitive) To allow (someone) to do something; to give permission to. [from 15th c.]

permittivity permittivities n
permittivité
(physics) A property of a dielectric medium that determines the forces that electric charges placed in the medium exert on each other.

permutable more permutable most permutable adj
permutable
Able to be permuted.

permutation /ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɜː.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɝ.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃən/ [ˌpɜː.mjʉˈtæɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌpɜː.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃn̩] [ˌpɝ.mjʊˈteɪ.ʃn̩] permutations n
permutation
(mathematics) A one-to-one mapping from a finite set to itself.
(mathematics, combinatorics) An ordering of a finite set of distinct elements.

permutation group permutation groups n
groupe de permutations
(algebra, group theory) A group whose elements are permutations (self-bijections) of a given set and whose group operation is function composition.

permute /pə(ɹ)ˈmjuːt/ v
permuter
(transitive) change the order of
(transitive, mathematics) make a permutation of

pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs/ /pɚˈnɪʃəs/ more pernicious most pernicious adj
pernicieux malsain nocif
Causing much harm in a subtle way.
délétère dangereux nocif nuisible
Causing death or injury; deadly.

pernickety /pɜː(ɹ)ˈnɪk.ə.ti/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈnɪk.ɪ.ti/ more pernickety most pernickety adj
pinailleur pointilleux tatillon
(chiefly, British) Fussy; paying undue attention to minor details; fastidious.
Requiring attention to minor details.

perorate v
pérorer
(intransitive) To speak or declaim at great length, especially in a pompous or grandiloquent manner; to harangue.

peroration /pɛɹɒˈɹeɪʃən/ perorations n
péroraison
The concluding section of a discourse, either written or oral, in which the orator or writer sums up and commends his topic to his audience, particularly as used in the technical sense of a component of ancient Roman oratorical delivery.

perovskite perovskites n
pérovskite
(mineral) A minor accessory mineral, CaTiO3, occurring in basic rocks, as orthorhombic crystals.

peroxidation peroxidations n
peroxydation
(chemistry) Any oxidation reaction, especially of an oxide, that produces a peroxide

peroxide peroxides n
peroxyde
(inorganic chemistry) A divalent radical or anion containing two oxygen atoms linked by a covalent bond; any substance containing this group which yields hydrogen peroxide when treated with an acid.

perpendicular /pɝ.pənˈdɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pɝ.pɛnˈdɪk.ju.lɚ/ /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ more perpendicular most perpendicular adj
perpendiculaire vertical
(geometry) At or forming a right angle (to something).

perpendicular /pɝ.pənˈdɪk.jə.lɚ/ /pɝ.pɛnˈdɪk.ju.lɚ/ /ˌpɜː.pənˈdɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ perpendiculars n
perpendiculaire
(geometry) A line or plane that is perpendicular to another.
fil à plomb
A device such as a plumb line that is used in making or marking a perpendicular line.

perpendicularly more perpendicularly most perpendicularly adv
perpendiculairement
In a perpendicular manner.

perpetrate /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pə.ˌtɹeɪt/ v
perpétrer commettre
(transitive) To be guilty of, or responsible for a crime etc; to commit.

perpetrator /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pɪ.ˌtɹeɪt.ə(ɹ)/ perpetrators n
coupable auteur
One who perpetrates; especially, one who commits an offence or crime.

perpetual /pəˈpɛtjʊəl/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəl/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəl/ adj
perpétuel
Lasting forever, or for an indefinitely long time.
Continuing; uninterrupted.

perpetual inventory n
inventaire permanent

perpetual motion n
mouvement perpétuel

perpetually /pəˈpɛtjʊəli/ /pəˈpɛtʃʊəli/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃuəli/ more perpetually most perpetually adv
perpétuellement
Seeming to never end; endlessly; constantly.

perpetuate /-t͡ʃəwət/ /-ˈpɛtjueɪt/ /pəˈpɛtjʊət/ /pəˈpɛt͡ʃʊeɪt/ /pəˈpɛt͡ʃʊət/ /pɚˈpɛt͡ʃəˌweɪt/ v
perpétuer pérenniser
(transitive) To make (something) perpetual; to make (something) continue for an indefinite time; also, to preserve (something) from extinction or oblivion.
maintenir
(transitive) To prolong the existence of (something) by repetition; to reinforce.

perpetuation /pə(ɹ)ˌpɛtjuˈeɪʃən/ perpetuations n
perpétuation
The act of prolonging existence, of keeping something alive or active.

perpetuity /ˌpɜː(ɹ)pɪˈtjuːɪti/ /ˌpɝpəˈtuːɪti/ perpetuities n
perpétuité
(uncountable) The quality or state of being perpetual; endless duration; uninterrupted existence.

perplex /pəˈplɛks/ /pɚˈplɛks/ v
déconcerter dérouter troubler
(transitive) To cause to feel baffled; to puzzle.

perplexed /pəˈplɛkst/ /pɚˈplɛkst/ more perplexed most perplexed adj
perplexe
Confused or puzzled.

perplexity /pəɹˈplɛksədi/ /pəˈplɛksɪti/ perplexities n
perplexité
The state or quality of being perplexed.

perquisite /ˈpɜɹkwəzɪt/ /ˈpɜːkwɪzɪt/ perquisites n
gratification émolument
(chiefly in the plural) Any monetary or other incidental benefit beyond salary.
cadeau don pourboire
A gratuity.
privilège
A privilege or possession held or claimed exclusively by a certain person, group or class.

perry /ˈpɛɹi/ perries n
cidre de poire poiré
A fermented alcoholic beverage made from pears; somewhat analogous to cider.

persecute /ˈpɜːsɪkjuːt/ /ˈpɝsəkjut/ v
persécuter
To pursue in a manner to do harm or cruelty to; especially, because of the victim's race, sexual identity, or adherence to a particular belief.

persecution /ˌpɜːsəˈkjuːʃən/ /ˌpɝsəˈkjuʃən/ persecutions n
persécution
The act of persecuting, especially a specific group of people; an instance of persecution.

perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪəɹəns/ /ˌpɝsəˈvɪɹəns/ perseverances n
persévérance
Continuing in a course of action without regard to discouragement, opposition or previous failure.

perseverance of the saints n
persévérance des saints
(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that true believers in Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross (the "saints") cannot relapse and are predestined to salvation.

perseverate /pəːˈsɛvəɹeɪt/ /pɚˈsɛvəˌɹeɪt/ v
persévérer

persevere /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪə/ /ˌpɝ.səˈviɹ/ v
persévérer
(intransitive) To persist steadfastly in pursuit of an undertaking, task, journey, or goal, even if hindered by distraction, difficulty, obstacles, or discouragement.

persevering more persevering most persevering adj
persévérant
Tending to persevere.

persiflage /ˈpɜː.sɪ.flɑːʒ/ /ˈpɝː.sɪ.flɑːʒ/ persiflages n
persiflage badinerie plaisanterie
Good-natured banter; raillery.

persimmon /pəɹˈsɪmən/ /pɜːˈsɪmən/ /ˈpɜːsəmən/ persimmons n
kaki
A type of fruit, of orange colour, very sweet, quite astringent when immature.
plaqueminier
The tree this fruit grows on, generally one of two species of ebony: Diospyros kaki (Asian) or Diospyros virginiana (North American).

persist /pəˈsɪst/ /pɚˈsɪst/ v
persister
(intransitive) To continue to exist.

persistence /pəˈsɪst(ə)ns/ persistences n
persistance
The property of being persistent.

persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ /pɚˈsɪstənt/ more persistent most persistent adj
persistant tenace
Obstinately refusing to give up or let go.

person /ˈpɑsən/ /ˈpɜːsən/ /ˈpɝsən/ [ˈpʰɜːsn̩] [ˈpʰɝsn̩] people persons n
personne
An individual who has been granted personhood; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
(in a compound noun or noun phrase) A human of unspecified gender (in terms usually constructed with man or woman).
The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
(law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]
(grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]

persona /pə(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə/ /pɝˈsoʊnə/ personae personas personæ n
casquette rôle social
A social role.
personnage
A character played by an actor.
persona
(psychology) The mask or appearance one presents to the world.

persona non grata /pə(ɹ)ˈsəʊnə nɒn ˈɡɹɑːtə/ personae non gratae n
persona non grata
A person who is not welcome, especially a diplomat in a foreign country.

personage /ˈpɜːsənɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɝsənɪd͡ʒ/ personages n
personnage
A person, especially one who is famous or important.

personal /ˈpɜː.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɜːs.nəl/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nəl/ /ˈpɝs.nəl/ more personal most personal adj
personnel
Of or pertaining to a particular person; relating to, or affecting, an individual, or each of many individuals
(grammar) Denoting a person or people.
en personne
Done in person; without an intermediary.

personal computer personal computers n
ordinateur personnel
(dated) A small computer, built around a microprocessor, for use by one person at a time.

personal data n
données personnelles

personal digital assistant personal digital assistants n
assistant numérique personnel
(dated) A hand-held electronic organizer or computer.

personal effect personal effects n
effet personnel
(usually, in the plural) An item of personal property that one carries on one's person, including identification, jewelry, and clothing.

personal hygiene personal hygienes n
hygiène corporelle
(health sciences) The hygienic measures concerning a person's bodily condition, notably external cleanliness.

personal injury personal injuries n
blessure
(legal) An injury to the body, mind or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property.

personal lubricant personal lubricants n
lubrifiant anatomique
Any lubricant used during human sexual activity to reduce friction between body parts, or between body parts and other objects.

personal pronoun personal pronouns n
pronom personnel
A pronoun which, in English, refers to one or a combination of the following:
Another person or group of people. (third person)
Any pronoun, with an antecedent, standing in as the subject or object of a verb.

personal property personal properties n
bien meuble
(legal) Any property that is movable, that is, not real estate.

personal space personal spaces n
espace vital
The physical space closely surrounding a person, which can lead to discomfort, anger or anxiety if encroached on.

personal stereo personal stereos n
baladeur
A portable audio cassette player.

personal trainer personal trainers n
coach sportif entraîneur personnel
Someone employed to help another with their fitness, especially by means of a personalised diet program and exercise regime.

personality /-i/ /pɜːsəˈnælətɪ/ /ˌpɝsəˈnælɪti/ [ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi] personalities n
personnalité
(of people) A set of non-physical psychological and social qualities that make one person distinct from another.
(of people) Charisma, or qualities that make a person stand out from the crowd.
A celebrity, especially one with a strong media presence.

personality disorder personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité
(psychiatry) Any of a class of mental disorders characterized by ongoing rigid patterns of thought and action.

personalization /-lɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpɜːs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌpɝs(ə)nəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ personalizations n
personnalisation
(dated) The act of personifying; personification.

personalize /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.lɑɪz/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.lɑɪz/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nə.laɪz/ /ˈpɝs.nə.laɪz/ v
personnaliser
To adapt something to the needs or tastes of an individual.

personally /ˈpɜː.sə.nə.li/ /ˈpɜːs.nə.li/ /ˈpɝ.sə.nə.li/ /ˈpɝs.nə.li/ more personally most personally adv
personnellement
In a personal manner.
In person.
Concerning oneself.

personification /pɚˌsɑ.nə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ personifications n
personnification
A person, thing or name typifying a certain quality or idea; an embodiment or exemplification.
A literary device in which an inanimate object or an idea is given human qualities.

personify /pə(ɹ)ˈsɒnɪfaɪ/ v
personnifier
(transitive) To be an example of; to have all the attributes of.
(transitive) To create a representation of (an abstract quality) in the form of a character or persona.

personnel /-el/ /pɜː.səˈnɛl/ /pɜːsˈnɛl/ /pɝ.səˈnɛl/ /pɝsˈnɛl/ /pɵː.sɘˈnɛl/ /pɵːsˈnɛl/ personnels n
personnel
Collection of people in an organization, such as employees and office staff, members of the military, etc.

perspective /pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/ adj
perspectif
Of, in or relating to perspective.

perspective /pɚˈspɛk.tɪv/ perspectives n
perspective

perspectivism perspectivisms n
perspectivisme
The philosophical view that all perception always takes place from a specific perspective.

perspicacious /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌpɜːɹ.spɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/ more perspicacious most perspicacious adj
voyant clair
perspicace
(figuratively) Of acute discernment; having keen insight; mentally perceptive.
clairvoyant
(obsolete) Able to physically see clearly; quick-sighted; sharp-sighted.

perspicaciously more perspicaciously most perspicaciously adv
perspicacement
With the power of seeing or understanding clearly; quick-sightedly; with sharp of sight.

perspicacity /ˌpɜː.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɜːɹ.spɪˈkæs.ɪ.ti/ perspicacities n
perspicacité
Acute discernment or understanding; insight.

perspiration /ˌpɜːspəˈɹeɪʃən/ /ˌpɝspəˈɹeɪʃən/ perspirations n
transpiration
The action or process of perspiring.

persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ /pɚˈsweɪd/ v
persuader convaincre
(transitive, now, rare, regional) To urge, plead; to try to convince (someone to do something). [from 16th c.]

persuasion /pəˈsweɪʒ(ə)n/ /pɚˈsweɪʒən/ persuasions n
persuasion
The act of persuading, or trying to do so; the addressing of arguments to someone with the intention of changing their mind or convincing them of a certain point of view, course of action etc. [from 14th c.]

persuasive /pə(ɹ)ˈsweɪsɪv/ more persuasive most persuasive adj
persuasif convaincant
Able to persuade; convincing.

persuasively more persuasively most persuasively adv
persuasivement
In a manner intended to convince or persuade.

pert /pɜːt/ /pɝt/ perter pertest adj
animé
Lively; alert and cheerful; bright. [from 16th c.]
impertinent
(archaic) Especially of children or social inferiors: cheeky, impertinent. [from 15th c.]

pertain /pəˈteɪn/ /pɚˈteɪn/ v
appartenir
(intransitive) To apply; to be or remain in place; to continue to be applicable.

pertechnetate pertechnetates n
pertechnétate
(inorganic compound) The univalent technetium anion TcO4-; any salt containing this anion

pertinacious /pɝtn̩ˈeɪʃəs/ /ˌpɜːtɪˈneɪʃəs/ more pertinacious most pertinacious adj
obstiné
Holding tenaciously to an opinion or purpose.
tenace
Stubbornly resolute or tenacious.

pertinacity pertinacities n
pertinacité ténacité
The state or characteristic of being pertinacious.

pertinence pertinences n
pertinence
The quality of being pertinent.

pertinent /ˈpətɪnənt/ more pertinent most pertinent adj
pertinent
Important with regard to (a subject or matter); pertaining; relevant.

peruke /pəˈɹuk/ /pəˈɹuːk/ perukes n
perruque
A wig, especially one with long hair on the sides and back, worn mainly by men in the 17th and 18th centuries.

peruse /pəˈɹuːz/ peruses n
examen

peruse /pəˈɹuːz/ v
examiner
(transitive) To examine or consider with care.
feuilleter jeter un coup d'œil survoler
(transitive, informal) To look over casually; to skim.

pervade /pəˈveɪd/ /pɚˈveɪd/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈveɪd/ v
envahir pénétrer saturer
(transitive) To be in every part of; to spread through.

pervasive /pəˈveɪ.sɪv/ /pɚˈveɪ.sɪv/ more pervasive most pervasive adj
envahissant pénétrant
Manifested throughout; pervading, permeating, penetrating or affecting everything.

perverse /pəˈvɜːs/ /pɚˈvɝs/ more perverse most perverse perverser perversest adj
pervers
Turned aside while against something, splitting off from a thing.

perversion perversions n
perversion
A sexual practice considered abnormal; sexual deviance.

pervert /pəˈvəːt/ /pɚˈvɚt/ /ˈpəː.vət/ /ˈpɚ.vɚt/ perverts n
déviant pervers
(dated) One who has been perverted; one who has turned to error; one who has turned to a twisted sense of values or morals.
pervers
A person whose sexual habits are not considered acceptable.

perylene perylenes n
pérylène
(organic compound) A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of two molecules of naphthalene fused together; it is used in light-emitting diodes.

peryton perytons n
péritio
A fictional creature having the head and forelegs of a stag and the wings and hindquarters of a bird. [from 20th c.]

pescetarian /ˌpɛskəˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskəˈtɛɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛskɪˈtɛɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛsɪˈtɛəɹi.ən/ /ˌpɛsɪˈtɛɹi.ən/ pescetarians n
pesco-végétarien pescétarien

pescetarianism n
pesco-végétarisme pescétarisme
A dietary choice in which a person, known as a pescetarian, eats any combination of vegetables, fruit, nuts, beans and fish or seafood, but not mammals or birds. Some animal products, such as eggs and dairy, may or may not be part of the diet.

peseta /pəˈseɪtə/ pesetas n
peseta
The Catalan peseta, a former currency of Catalonia.

pesky /ˈpɛski/ peskier peskiest adj
agaçant
(informal) Annoying, troublesome, irritating (usually of an animal or child).

peso /ˈpeɪsəʊ/ /ˈpɛsoʊ/ [ˈpɛso] pesos n
peso péso
(historical) A former unit of currency in Spain and Spain's colonies, worth 8 reales; the Spanish dollar.

pessimism /ˈpɛsɪmɪzəm/ pessimisms n
pessimisme
A general belief that bad things will happen.
The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds.

pessimist /ˈpɛsɪmɪst/ pessimists n
pessimiste
Someone who habitually expects the worst outcome; one who looks on the dark side of things.

pessimistic /ˌpɛ.səˈmɪs.tɪk/ more pessimistic most pessimistic adj
pessimiste
Marked by pessimism and little hopefulness; expecting the worst.

pest /pɛst/ pests n
peste
(now, _, rare) A pestilence, i.e. a deadly epidemic, a deadly plague.
An annoying person, a nuisance.
nuisible peste
Any destructive insect that attacks crops or livestock; an agricultural pest.

pesticide /ˈpɛstɨsaɪd/ /ˈpɛstɪ̈ˌsaɪd/ pesticides n
pesticide
Anything, especially a synthetic substance but also any substance (e.g. sulfur), or virus, bacterium, or other organism, which kills or suppresses the activities of pests.

pestiferous /ˌpɛsˈtɪfəɹəs/ more pestiferous most pestiferous adj
pestilentiel
containing organisms that cause contagious diseases

pestilence /ˈpɛstlən(t)s/ /ˈpɛstələn(t)s/ /ˈpɛstɪlən(t)s/ pestilences n
peste
Any epidemic disease that is highly contagious, infectious, virulent and devastating.

pestle /ˈpɛsəl/ pestles n
pilon
A club-shaped, round-headed stick used in a mortar to pound, crush, rub or grind things.

pesto /ˈpɛstoʊ/ /ˈpɛstəʊ/ pestos n
pesto
A sauce, especially for pasta, originating from the Genoa region in Italy, made from basil, garlic, pine nuts, olive oil and cheese (usually pecorino).

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] adj
fétiche
Favourite; cherished; the focus of one's (usually positive) attention.
de compagnie
Kept or treated as a pet.

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] pets n
animal domestique animal de compagnie animal familier
An animal kept as a companion.
chouchou
Any person or animal especially cherished and indulged; a darling.

pet /pɛt/ [pʰɛt] [pʰɛʔt] v
caresser
(transitive) To stroke or fondle (an animal).
peloter se peloter
(transitive, intransitive, informal) To stroke or fondle (another person) amorously.

pet name pet names n
petit nom
A nickname, especially a name used by those in love with one another.

pet peeve pet peeves n
bête noire
(colloquial) Something that is personally annoying; a personal dislike.

pet shop pet shops n
animalerie
A shop that sells domestic animals and products for feeding and caring for them.

peta- /ˈpɛtə/ prefix
peta- péta-
In the metric system, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1015 (a short scale quadrillion or long scale billiard). Symbol: P

petabyte /ˈpɛtəbaɪt/ petabytes n
pétaoctet
One quadrillion (1015, or 1,000,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 terabytes.

petal /ˈpɛtl̩/ petals n
pétale
(botany) One of the component parts of the corolla of a flower. It applies particularly, but not necessarily only, when the corolla consists of separate parts, that is when the petals are not connately fused. Petals are often brightly colored.

petaloid more petaloid most petaloid adj
pétaloïde
(botany) Resembling the petal of a flower.

petalous /ˈpɛtələs/ more petalous most petalous adj
pétaleux
Having petals.

petameter petameters n
pétamètre
(US) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 1015 meters; alternative spelling of petametre.

petard /pɪˈtɑɹd/ /pɪˈtɑːd/ petards n
pétard
(historical) A small, hat-shaped explosive device, used to breach a door or wall.

petard /pɪˈtɑɹd/ /pɪˈtɑːd/ v
pétarder
(now, _, rare, archaic) To attack or blow a hole in (something) with a petard.

petasecond /ˈpɛ.təˌsɛk.ənd/ petaseconds n
pétaseconde
(metrology) An SI unit of time equal to 1015 seconds. Symbol: Ps

petasus /ˈpɛtəsəs/ petasi n
pétase
(historical) A broad-brimmed, low-crowned hat worn by the Ancient Greeks and Romans, especially for travelling, and as often pictured to be worn by Hermes (or Mercury); (later also) the brimless winged cap worn by Hermes in later artistic depictions. [from 16th c.]

petechia /pɪˈtiːkɪə/ petechiae n
pétéchie
(medicine) A small spot, especially on an organ, caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

peter out /ˌpitɚ‿ˈaʊt/ /ˌpiːtɚ‿ˈaʊt/ [-ɾɚ-] v
tarir
(intransitive, originally, US) Synonym of peter (“to diminish to nothing, (originally) to refer to a vein of ore”)

petiolar adj
pétiolaire
Of or pertaining to a petiole.

petiole /ˈpɛti.oʊl/ /ˈpɛti.əʊl/ petioles n
pétiole
(botany) The stalk of a leaf, attaching the blade to the stem.

petit four /ˈpɛti ˈfɔɹ/ petit fours petits fours n
petit four
A small cake generally eaten at the end of a meal or served as part of a large buffet.

petite /pəˈtiːt/ more petite most petite adj
menue
(especially of a woman) Fairly short and of slim build.

petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ petitions n
pétition
A formal, written request made to an official person or organized body, often containing many signatures.
A compilation of signatures built in order to exert moral authority in support of a specific cause.

petition /pəˈtɪʃ.ən/ v
pétitionner
(transitive) To make a request to, commonly in written form.

petitioner petitioners n
pétitionnaire
(legal) Someone who presents a petition to a court.

petrel /ˈpɛtɹəl/ petrels n
pétrel
Any of various species of black, grey, or white seabirds in the order Procellariiformes.

petrichor /ˈpɛt.ɹɪ.kə, -ˌkɔː/ /ˈpɛt.ɹɪˌkɔɹ, -kɚ/ n
petrichor
The distinctive scent, caused by geosmin, which accompanies the first rain after a long, warm, dry spell.

petrify /ˈpɛ.tɹəˌfaɪ/ v
pétrifier
(transitive) To turn to stone: to harden organic matter by permeating with water and depositing dissolved minerals.
To produce rigidity akin to stone.
To immobilize with fright.

petrodollar /ˈpɛtɹoʊˌdɑlɚ/ /ˈpɛtɹə(ʊ)ˌdɒlə/ petrodollars n
pétrodollar
(oil industry, mostly, in the plural, also, attributively) Money (either notionally or specifically in dollars or other currencies) earned from the sale of oil, often especially as considered among a national economy's principal revenue streams.

petroglyph /ˈpɛ.tɹoʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈpɛ.tɹəʊˌɡlɪf/ /ˈpɛ.tɹəˌɡlɪf/ petroglyphs n
pétroglyphe
(archaeology) A rock carving, especially one made in prehistoric times.

petrography petrographies n
pétrographie
(petrology) The branch of petrology that deals with the scientific description and classification of rocks.

petroleum ether n
éther de pétrole
A volatile petroleum fraction, usually available in a number of fractions boiling between 40°C and 140°C. Used as a solvent in the laboratory and industry.

petrology /pəˈtɹɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /pɪˈtɹɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ petrologies n
pétrologie
(geology) The study of the origin, composition and structure of rock.

petticoat /ˈpɛtɪkət/ /ˈpɛtɪkəʊt/ petticoats n
cotillon
(archaic, or, historical) A type of ornamental skirt or underskirt, often displayed below a dress; chiefly in plural, designating a woman's skirts collectively.
jupon combinaison
A light woman's undergarment worn under a dress or skirt, and hanging either from the shoulders or (now especially) from the waist; a kind of slip, worn to make the skirt fuller, or for extra warmth.

pettifogger /ˈpɛtɪˌfɑːɡɚ/ /ˈpɛtɪˌfɒɡə/ /ˈpɛtɪˌfɔːɡɚ/ pettifoggers n
avocaillon chicaneur
An unscrupulous or unethical lawyer, especially one of lesser skill.

petting /ˈpɛtɪŋ/ [ˈpʰɛɾɪŋ] pettings n
pelotage tripotage
(sex) The act of kissing, stroking, etc., a person in a sexual manner.

petty /ˈpɛ.ti/ [ˈpʰɛ.ɾi] more petty most petty pettier pettiest adj
insignifiant mesquin petit
Of persons or their behaviour: marked by or reflective of undesirably limited interests, sympathies, or views; begrudging, selfish, small-minded; also, preoccupied with subjects having little or no importance and not mindful of broader concerns. [from 16th c.]

petty bourgeoisie petty bourgeoisies n
petite bourgeoisie
(Marxism) A social class of that bourgeoisie that typically works alongside their employees if they have any, exemplified by shopkeepers and professionals.

petty crime petty crimes n
délit
A minor, less serious crime.

petty officer petty officers n
maître
A non-commissioned officer in the Canadian, US and UK Navy and the US Coast Guard; roughly equivalent to a sergeant in the army

petty theft petty thefts n
chapardage larcin
A theft of property having a value lower than a certain small amount set forth in a statute, and considered to be a less serious class of crime.

petulant /ˈpɛtjələnt/ /ˈpɛtjʊlənt/ /ˈpɛt͡ʃələnt/ /ˈpɛt͡ʃʊlənt/ more petulant most petulant adj
irascible pétulant
Childishly irritable.

pew /pjuː/ interjection
pouah
An expression of disgust in response to an unpleasant odor.

pew /pjuː/ pews n
banc de l’œuvre banc d’œuvre
An enclosed compartment in a church which provides seating for a group of people, often a prominent family.
banc de fidèle banc d’église
Any structure shaped like a church pew, such as a stall, formerly used by money lenders, etc.; a box in a theatre; or a pen or sheepfold.

pewter /ˈpjutɚ/ /ˈpjuːtə/ [ˈpjuɾɚ] pewters n
métal blanc potin
An alloy of approximately 93–98% tin, 1–2% copper, and the balance of antimony.
potin gris
(historical) An alloy of tin and lead.

pewterware /ˈpjuːtə(ɹ)ˌwɛə(ɹ)/ pewterwares n
pot d'étain vaisselle d'étain
Articles made from pewter.

peyote /peɪˈjoʊti/ peyotes n
peyotl
A small, spineless cactus (Lophophora williamsii) found from southwest United States to central Mexico that produces buttonlike tubercles that can be chewed for its psychedelic effect, primarily from the drug mescaline.

pff /p͡fː/ [p͡ɸː] [ʙ̥͡ɸː] interjection
pff
An expression of annoyance or disappointment.

phablet /ˈfæblɪt/ phablets n
phablette
(neologism) A mobile device intermediate in size between smartphone and tablet.

phagnalon phagnalons n
phagnalon
Any plant of the genus Phagnalon

phagocyte /ˈfeɪɡəsaɪt/ phagocytes n
phagocyte
(cytology) A cell of the immune system, such as a neutrophil, macrophage or dendritic cell, that engulfs and destroys viruses, bacteria and waste materials, or in the case of mature dendritic cells; displays antigens from invading pathogens to cells of the lymphoid lineage.

phagocytic adj
phagocytaire
Of or pertaining to phagocytes or phagocytosis.

phagocytize v
phagocyter engloutir
(immunology, cytology, US) To ingest (something) by phagocytosis.

phagocytosis /ˌfeɪ.ɡoʊ.saɪˈtoʊ.sɪs/ /ˌfeɪ.ɡəʊ.saɪˈtəʊ.sɪs/ phagocytoses n
phagocytose

phagotrophy n
phagotrophie

phalanx /ˈfeɪ.ˌlæŋks/ /ˈfæ.ˌlæŋks/ phalanges phalanxes n
phalange
(historical, plural phalanxes) An ancient Greek and Macedonian military unit that consisted of several ranks and files (lines) of soldiers in close array with joined shields and long spears.
(skeleton, plural phalanges) One of the bones of the finger or toe.

phalarope /ˈfæləɹəʊp/ phalaropes n
phalarope
Any of three small wading birds in the genus Phalaropus, of the family Scolopacidae, that have lobed toes.

phaleristics n
phaléristique
(very rare) The study of orders, fraternity, and award items.

phallic /ˈfælɪk/ adj
phallique

phallicism phallicisms n
phallisme
The worship of the penis or phallus, especially connected with fertility.

phallocentric /ˌfalə(ʊ)ˈsɛntɹɪk/ more phallocentric most phallocentric adj
phallocentrique
Focused on the phallus, especially as a symbol of male dominance; characterised by male attitudes, focused on men. [from 20th c.]

phallocentrism phallocentrisms n
phallocentrisme
(figuratively) Focus on a male point of view.

phallocracy /faˈlɒkɹəsi/ /fəˈlɒkɹəsi/ phallocracies n
phallocratie
A society or government of, or dominated by, men. [from 20th c.]

phallocrat phallocrats n
phallocrate phallo
One who advocates or imposes phallocracy.

phallological adj
phallologique
of or relating to phallology, the study of the penis

phallology n
phallologie
The scientific study of the penis.

phalloplasty phalloplasties n
phalloplastie
(surgery) Plastic surgery to construct or repair a penis, performed to repair injury or as part of sex reassignment surgery.

phallus /ˈfæləs/ phalli phalluses n
phallus
(psychoanalysis) The signifier of the desire of the Other, and the signifier of jouissance.

phanerophyte phanerophytes n
phanérophyte
(biology) Any woody plant that carries its dormant buds openly on branches above the ground.

phantasmagoria /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɒɹi.ə/ /ˌfæntæzməˈɡɔːɹi.ə/ phantasmagorias n
fantasmagorie
A dreamlike state where real and imagined elements are blurred together.

phantasmagoric more phantasmagoric most phantasmagoric adj
fantasmagorique
Characterized by or pertaining to a dreamlike blurring of real and imaginary elements.

phantasmophobia n
phantasmophobie
An abnormal or irrational fear of ghosts and phantoms.

phantom /ˈfæntəm/ phantoms n
fantôme
Something apparently seen, heard, or sensed, but having no physical reality; an image that appears only in the mind; an illusion or delusion.

phantom limb phantom limbs n
membre fantôme
(pathology) The false sensation, which is often painful, that an amputated limb is still present and attached.

phantom pain phantom pains n
douleur fantôme
(medicine, pathology) A sensation of pain coming from a part of the body that has been amputated, or in which the nerves have been destroyed.

phantosmia phantosmias n
phantosmie

pharaoh /ˈfæɹ.oʊ/ /ˈfɛ(ə)ɹ.oʊ/ /ˈfɛə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈfɛː.ɹəʊ/ pharaohs n
pharaon
(historical) The supreme ruler of Ancient Egypt; a formal address for the sovereign seat of power as personified by the "king" in an institutional role of Horus son of Osiris; often used by metonymy for Ancient Egyptian sovereignty

pharma n
industrie pharmaceutique
(business, pharmacy, pharmacology) The pharmaceutical or drug-making sector.

pharmaceutical /ˌfɑɹməˈs(j)utɪkl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈkjuː.tɪ.kl̩/ /ˌfɑː.məˈs(j)uː.tɪ.kl̩/ adj
pharmaceutique
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) Of or relating to pharmacy or pharmacists.

pharmacist /ˈfɑɹməsɪst/ pharmacists n
pharmacien apothicaire pharmacienne
(pharmacy) A health professional who controls, formulates, preserves, and dispenses medications and provides medical advice and counseling on how medicines should be used in order to achieve maximum benefit, and minimal side effects in order to avoid drug interactions.
pharmacien pharmacienne
(pharmacy, academic) One who studies pharmacy.

pharmacochemistry n
pharmacochimie

pharmacodependence pharmacodependences n
pharmacodépendance

pharmacodynamics n
pharmacodynamie pharmacodynamique
(pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that studies the effects and modes of action of drugs upon the body.

pharmacognosy pharmacognosies n
pharmacognosie
A branch of pharmacology that studies medical substances that are derived from natural sources, and their recognition.

pharmacokinetic /ˌfɑː(ɹ)məkəʊkɪˈnɛtɪk/ adj
pharmacocinétique

pharmacokinetics /ˌfɑː(ɹ)məkəʊkɪˈnɛtɪks/ n
pharmacocinétique
(pharmacology) A branch of pharmacology concerned with the rate at which drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated by the body.

pharmacological /ˌfɑɹməkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
pharmacologique
(pharmacology) Of or having to do with pharmacology.

pharmacologist /ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/ pharmacologists n
pharmacologue
(pharmacology) A student of pharmacology; one versed in the science of pharmacology.

pharmacology /ˌfɑɹməˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
pharmacologie
(medicine) The science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.

pharmacotherapy pharmacotherapies n
pharmacothérapie
(medicine) The use of pharmaceuticals to treat disease

pharmacovigilance /ˌfɑɹməkoʊˈvɪd͡ʒɪl(ə)ns/ /ˌfɑːməkəʊˈvɪd͡ʒɪl(ə)ns/ n
pharmacovigilance
(medicine, pharmacology) The detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects of medicines. [from 1970s]

pharmacy /ˈfɑɹməsi/ /ˈfɑːməsi/ pharmacies n
pharmacie officine
(countable) A place where prescription drugs are sold or dispensed.
pharmacie
(uncountable) The science of medicinal substances, inclusive of pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical chemistry, pharmacology, phytochemistry, and forensics.

pharyngeal /fəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒi.əl/ /fəˈɹɪn.d͡ʒəl/ /fəˈɹɪn.ʒi.əl/ /ˌfa.ɹɪnˈd͡ʒiː.əl/ /ˌfæɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ /ˌfɛɹ.ənˈd͡ʒi.əl/ adj
pharyngien pharyngé
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the pharynx.
(phonetics) Articulated with the pharynx; a term usually describing a consonant which is articulated by the rear area of the tongue being raised to below the region between the uvula and the pharyngeal wall. The term cannot apply to a plosive or stop consonant.

pharyngealization pharyngealizations n
pharyngalisation
(phonology) The act or process of pharyngealizing.

pharyngitis pharyngitides n
pharyngite angine
Inflammation of the pharynx.

pharynx /ˈfa.ɹɪŋks/ /ˈfæɹ.ɪŋks/ /ˈfɛɹ.ɪŋks/ pharynges pharynxes n
pharynx
(anatomy) The part of the alimentary canal and respiratory tract that extends from the back of the mouth and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus.

phase /feɪz/ phases n
phase
(astronomy) A particular appearance or state in a regularly recurring cycle of changes with respect to quantity of illumination or form, or the absence, of its enlightened disk. Illustrated in Wikipedia's article Lunar phase.
(physics) Any one point or portion in a recurring series of changes, as in the changes of motion of one of the particles constituting a wave or vibration; one portion of a series of such changes, in distinction from a contrasted portion, as the portion on one side of a position of equilibrium, in contrast with that on the opposite side.

phase modulation phase modulations n
modulation de phase
A method of sending information by modifying (modulating) the difference in phase (fraction of a wave length) between a signal and a reference.

phase out /feɪ̯z äʊ̯t/ v
abandonner délaisser
(transitive) To remove or relinquish the use of (something) little by little, either via discrete diminishing phases or (by extension) by continuous gradations; to remove in phases, or as if by phases (gradually).

phase space phase spaces n
espace des phases
(mathematics, physics, dynamical system theory) Given a (dynamical) system, any topological space such that every point in the space's underlying set uniquely represents a state of the system and every possible state is represented by some point;(less formally) the underlying set of such a topological space.

phase transition phase transitions n
transition de phase
(physics) The transition between thermodynamic phases of a physical system, especially one between the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a substance.

phase velocity n
vitesse d'une onde
(physics) The velocity of propagation of a pure sine wave of infinite extent and infinitesimal amplitude.

phat /fæt/ phatter phattest adj
génial super
(slang, originally, AAVE) Excellent; cool; very good.
sexy
(slang) Voluptuous

phatic /ˈfætɪk/ more phatic most phatic adj
phatique
(linguistics) Pertaining to words used to convey any kind of social relationship.

pheasant /ˈfɛzənt/ pheasants n
faisan
(countable) A bird of family Phasianidae, often hunted for food.

pheasant's eye pheasant's eyes pheasants' eyes n
adonide adonis
Any of genus Adonis of flowering plants in the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae), native to Europe and Asia, particularly

pheasant-tailed jacana pheasant-tailed jacanas n
jacana à longue queue
Hydrophasianus chirurgus, a wader in the family Jacanidae.

pheasantry pheasantries n
faisanderie
(zoology) A place for keeping and rearing pheasants.

phenakistoscope /ˌfiːnəˈkɪstəskəʊp/ /ˌfɛnəˈkɪstəskəʊp/ phenakistoscopes n
phénakistiscope

phenol /ˈfinɑl/ /ˈfinəl/ /ˈfiːnɒl/ /ˈfiːnəl/ phenols n
phénol
(organic compound, uncountable) A caustic, poisonous, white crystalline compound, C6H5OH, derived from benzene and used in resins, plastics, and pharmaceuticals and in dilute form as a disinfectant and antiseptic; once called carbolic acid
(organic chemistry, countable) Any of a class of aromatic organic compounds having at least one hydroxyl group attached directly to the benzene ring (or other aromatic ring)

phenolic adj
phénolique
(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from a phenol.

phenological adj
phénologique
Of or pertaining to phenology

phenology /fiˈnɒlədʒi/ /fəˈnɒlədʒi/ /ˌfɛnˈɒlədʒi/ n
phénologie
(biology) The study of the effect of climate on periodic biological phenomena.

phenolphthalein /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæl.i.ɪn/ /ˌfi.nl̩ˈθæˌlin/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θa.liːn/ /ˌfiː.nɒlˈ(f)θeɪ.liːn/ phenolphthaleins n
phénolphtaléine

phenomenal /fə-/ /fɪˈnɑmɪnəl/ /fɪˈnɒmɪnəl/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnəl/ more phenomenal most phenomenal adj
phénoménal
(colloquial) Very remarkable; highly extraordinary; amazing.

phenomenalism phenomenalisms n
phénoménisme
(philosophy) The doctrine that physical objects exist only as perceptual phenomena or sensory stimuli

phenomenality phenomenalities n
phénoménalité
The state or property of being phenomenal.

phenomenological more phenomenological most phenomenological adj
phénoménologique
(philosophy) Of or relating to phenomenology, or consistent with the principles of phenomenology.

phenomenology /fɪˌnɑməˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /fɪˌnɒmɪˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ phenomenologies n
phénoménologie
(philosophy) The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view.

phenomenon /-nən/ /fəˈnɑmənə/ /fəˈnɑməˌnɑn/ /fəˈnɒmɪnə/ /fəˈnɒmɪnən/ /fɪ-/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnə/ /fɪˈnɔmɪnən/ phenomena phenomenon phenomenons n
phénomène
A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses; or a fact or occurrence thereof.
A wonderful or very remarkable person or thing.
(philosophy, chiefly, Kantian, _, idealism) An experienced object whose constitution reflects the order and conceptual structure imposed upon it by the human mind (especially by the powers of perception and understanding).

phenotype /ˈfiː.noʊˌtaɪp/ /ˈfiː.nə(ʊ)ˌtaɪp/ /ˈfiː.nəˌtaɪp/ phenotypes n
phénotype
(genetics, evolutionary theory) The appearance of an organism based on a multifactorial combination of genetic traits and environmental factors, especially used in pedigrees.

phenotypic /fiːnə(ʊ)ˈtɪpɪk/ adj
phénotypique
Of, or relating to a phenotype.

phenylalanine phenylalanines n
phénylalanine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C9H11NO2 found in most animal proteins; it is essential for growth; the inability to metabolize it leads to phenylketonuria; it is a constituent of aspartame.

phenylephrine /ˌfiː.nʌɪlˈɛf.ɹiːn/ /ˌfiː.nʌɪlˈɛf.ɹɪn/ /ˌfɛn.əlˈɛf.ɹiːn/ /ˌfɛn.əlˈɛf.ɹɪn/ /ˌfɛn.ɪlˈɛf.ɹɪn/ /ˌfɛn.ʌɪlˈɛf.ɹiːn/ phenylephrines n
phényléphrine
(medicine, pharmaceutical drug) An α-adrenergic receptor agonist related to adrenaline, used as a vasoconstrictor and nasal decongestant; 3-(1-hydroxy-2-methylamino-ethyl)phenol, with the formula C9H13NO2.

phenylketonuria /fɛnʌɪlkiːtəˈnjʊəɹɪə/ phenylketonurias n
phénylcétonurie
(medicine) A metabolic disorder in which individuals lack the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) which is needed to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine.

pheochromocytoma pheochromocytomas pheochromocytomata n
phéochromocytome
(medicine) A neuroendocrine tumour of the medulla of the adrenal glands.

pheromonal adj
phéromonal
Of or pertaining to a pheromone

pheromone pheromones n
phéromone
(biology) A chemical secreted by an animal, especially an insect, that affects the development or behavior of other members of the same species, functioning often as a means of attracting a member of the opposite sex.

phew /fjuː/ /fɪu̯/ [ɸj̊u̥˥˩] interjection
ouf pfou
Used to express relief of tension, fatigue, or surprise.
pouah
Used to show disgust.

phi /faɪ/ /fiː/ phis n
phi
Φ, the 21st letter of the Euclidean and modern Greek alphabet, usually romanized as "ph".

phi-feature phi-features n
trait-phi
(linguistics, generative grammar) A grammatical feature that is usually exhibited in predicate-argument agreement, such as person, number, or gender.

philanderer /fɪ.ˈlæn.də.ɹə/ /fɪ.ˈlæn.də.ɹɚ/ /fɪ.ˈlæn.dɚ.ɚ/ philanderers n
charmeur flirteur
One who plays at courtship; a fickle lover; a flirt (usually applies only to men).
dragueur
Someone who engages in casual sex – usually frequently.

philanthropic more philanthropic most philanthropic adj
philanthropique
Of or pertaining to philanthropy; characterized by philanthropy; loving or helping mankind

philanthropist philanthropists n
philanthrope
A person who loves humankind in general.

philanthropy /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.pi/ /fɪˈlæn.θɹə.piː/ philanthropies n
philanthropie
(chiefly, _, uncountable) Benevolent altruism with the intention of increasing the well-being of humankind.

philatelic more philatelic most philatelic adj
philatélique
Of or relating to philately or of interest to philatelists.

philatelist /fɪˈlætəlɪst/ philatelists n
philatéliste
A person who collects and studies postage stamps.

philately /fɪˈlæt.ə.li/ philatelies n
philatélie collection de timbres
Stamp collecting.
philatélie
The study of postage stamps, postal routes, postal history, etc.

philematology /fɪˌləməˈtɑləd͡ʒi/ /fɪˌlɪməˈtɒləd͡ʒi/ n
philamatologie
The scientific study of kissing. [from 1901]

philhellene philhellenes n
philhellène
A lover of Greece or Greek culture. [from 19th c.]
(now, historical) Specifically, a supporter of Greek independence, especially during the Greek war of independence in 1821-29. [from 19th c.]

philia /ˈfil.jə/ /ˈfiː.li.ə/ /ˈfɪl.i.ə/ /ˈfɪl.jə/ philias n
philie
(countable) a psychological disorder characterized by an irrational favorable disposition towards something

philippic /fɪˈlɪpɪk/ philippics n
philippique
(by extension) Any tirade or declamation full of bitter condemnation.

philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ more philistine most philistine adj
philistin béotien
(derogatory) Ignorant or uneducated; specifically, lacking appreciation for or antagonistic towards art or culture, and having pedestrian tastes.

philistine /-lə-/ /-stin/ /fɪˈlɪstin/ /ˈfɪlɪstaɪn/ /ˈfɪlɪˌstaɪn/ philistines n
philistin béotien béotienne philistine
(derogatory) A person who is ignorant or uneducated; specifically, a person who lacks appreciation of or is antagonistic towards art or culture, and who has pedestrian tastes.

philistinism philistinisms n
béotisme
A materialistic attitude accompanied by ignorance of artistic or cultural matters.

phillumenist /fɪˈluːmənɪst/ phillumenists n
philuméniste
A person who collects match-related items, like matchbox labels, matchboxes, matchbooks, or matchbook covers.

phillumeny n
philuménie
The hobby of collecting matchbox labels and other match-related items

philogyny n
philogynie
Love or fondness for women.

philological adj
philologique
(linguistics) Pertaining to historical linguistics.

philologically more philologically most philologically adv
philologiquement
In a philological manner.

philologist philologists n
philologue
A person who engages in philology (historical linguistics), especially as a profession; a collector of words and their etymologies.

philology /fɪˈlɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /fɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/ /fɪˈlɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ philologies n
philologie
(philosophy) Love and study of learning and literature, broadly speaking.

philopena /ˌfɪləˈpiːnə/ philopenas n
philippine
The occasion on which a philopena is forfeited; the forfeit paid.
A nut or almond with a double kernel, as used to set a philopena.

philopolemic /ˌfɪloʊpəˈlɛmɪk/ /ˌfɪləʊpəˈlɛmɪk/ more philopolemic most philopolemic adj
philopolémique
(rare) Exalting or supporting conflict or war. [from late 18th c.]

philosophaster philosophasters n
philosophâtre philosophard
A pretender to philosophy; a petty or charlatan philosopher.

philosopheme /fɪˈlɒsəfiːm/ philosophemes n
philosophème
(philosophy) A philosophical statement, theorem or axiom.

philosopher /fəˈlɑsəfəɹ/ /fɪˈlɒs.ə.fə(ɹ)/ philosophers n
philosophe
(archaic) A person who applies the principles of philosophy to the conduct of their life, as by acting calmly and rationally in the face of inevitable change.
(archaic) A student, scholar, or expert in any branch of knowledge, especially those branches studied prior to being considered part of pure science.

philosopher king philosopher kings n
philosophe roi
A very wise ruler.

philosopher's stone philosopher's stones n
pierre philosophale
(alchemy, uncountable) A supposed substance able to turn base metals, such as lead or mercury, into gold or silver, also sometimes claimed to cure any illness (as panacea) or confer immortality (as elixir of life), among other functions.

philosophical sin philosophical sins n
péché philosophique
(Christianity, dated) Sin that is said to contravene the natural moral order rather than offending God directly, for example because the sinner is ignorant of divine law or does not think of God in the act.

philosophically more philosophically most philosophically adv
philosophiquement
In a philosophical manner.

philosophy /fɪˈlɑsəfi/ /fɪˈlɒsəfi/ philosophies n
philosophie
(uncountable, originally) The love of wisdom.
(uncountable) An academic discipline that seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism, often attempting to provide explanations relating to general concepts such as existence and rationality.
(countable) A comprehensive system of belief.
(countable) A view or outlook regarding fundamental principles underlying some domain.
(countable) A general principle (usually moral).

philosophy of science philosophies of science n
philosophie des sciences
(philosophy, uncountable) The study of the assumptions, foundations, and implications of science, including such questions as what distinguishes science from non-science, what are the aims of science, or what is a successful scientific explanation of a phenomenon.

philter /ˈfɪltə/ /ˈfɪltɚ/ philters n
philtre
A kind of potion, charm, or drug; especially a love potion intended to make the drinker fall in love with the giver. [from the 16th c.]

philtrum /ˈfɪl.tɹəm/ philtra philtrums n
philtrum sillon naso-labial
(anatomy) The shallow vertical groove running from the nasal septum to the center of the upper lip.

phimosis /faɪˈmoʊ.sɪs/ /fʌɪˈməʊ.sɪs/ phimoses n
phimosis
(symptom) A contraction of the foreskin (either as a stage of development or a pathological condition), which prevents it from being retracted.

phishing /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ n
hameçonnage phishing
The act of circumventing security with an alias.

phlebitis /flɪˈbaɪtɪs/ phlebitides n
phlébite
(pathology) Inflammation of a vein, usually in the legs.

phlebotomist phlebotomists n
phlébotomiste
A practitioner of phlebotomy.

phlebotomy /fləˈbɒtəmi/ /flɪˈbɒtəmi/ phlebotomies n
phlébotomie
The opening of a vein, either to withdraw blood or for letting blood; venesection.

phlegm /fliːm/ /flɛm/ phlegms n
flegme pituite
(historical) One of the four humors making up the body in ancient and mediaeval medicine; said to be cold and moist, and often identified with mucus. [from 13th c.]
glaire
Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]
flegme
Calmness of temperament, composure; also seen negatively, sluggishness, indifference. [from 16th c.]

phlegmatic /flɛɡˈmætɪk/ more phlegmatic most phlegmatic adj
flegmatique
Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish.
Generating, causing, or full of phlegm.

phloem /ˈfloʊ.əm/ /ˈfloʊ.ɛm/ /ˈfləʊ.əm/ /ˈfləʊ.ɛm/ phloems n
phloème
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of sugars and nutrients manufactured in the shoot.

phlogisticate v
phlogistiquer
(chemistry, obsolete, transitive) To combine phlogiston with.

phlogiston /flə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɪstɒn/ /flə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɪstən/ phlogistons n
phlogiston
phlogistique
(chemistry, historical) The hypothetical fiery principle formerly assumed to be a necessary constituent of combustible bodies and to be given up by them in burning.

phlogopite phlogopites n
phlogopite
(mineral) A mica mineral with the chemical formula KMg3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2, a basic potassium magnesium aluminosilicate, used as an insulator

phlogosis phlogoses n
phlogose
(medicine, archaic) inflammation of external parts of the body; erysipelatous inflammation

phlox /flɒks/ /flɔks/ phlox phloxes n
phlox
Any flowering plant of the genus Phlox.

pho /foʊ/ /fə/ /fəʊ/ /fɜː/ /fʌ/ phos n
pho phở
A Vietnamese soup with a beef base, typically served with rice noodles and optionally beef or chicken.

phobia /ˈfoʊbi.ə/ /ˈfəʊbɪə/ phobiae phobias phobiæ n
phobie
An irrational, abnormal, or obsessive fear (of something).

phobophobia n
phobophobie
The fear of fear; the fear of developing a phobia.

phocomelia /ˌfəʊkəˈmiːlɪə/ phocomelias n
phocomélie
A congenital disorder of the limbs, the affected person being born with abnormally short or missing bones and flipper-like hands or feet.

phoenix /ˈfiːnɪks/ phoenices phoenix phoenixes n
phénix
(Chinese mythology) A mythological Chinese chimerical bird whose physical body symbolizes the six celestial bodies; a fenghuang.

phon phons n
phone
(acoustics) A unit of apparent loudness, equal in number to the intensity in decibels of a 1,000-hertz tone judged to be as loud as the sound being measured.

phone /foʊ̯n/ /fəʊ̯n/ phones n
phone
(phonetics) A speech segment that possesses distinct physical or perceptual properties, considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the phonology of a language.

phone /foʊ̯n/ /fəʊ̯n/ v
appeler téléphoner
(transitive) To call (someone) using a telephone.

phone in v
faire le service minimum
As phone it in (idiomatic) To fulfill a responsibility with a minimum effort rather than the appropriate level of effort.

phone sex n
téléphone rose
An erotic or sexual telephone conversation between two or more people.

phone up v
téléphoner
(transitive) To phone; to contact by telephone.

phonecard phonecards n
télécarte
A chargecard used to pay for telephone calls.

phoneme /ˈfoʊnim/ /ˈfəʊniːm/ phonemes n
phonème
An indivisible unit of sound in a given language. A phoneme is an abstraction of the physical speech sounds (phones) and may encompass several different phones.

phonemic /fəʊˈniːmɪk/ /fəˈniːmɪk/ adj
phonémique
(linguistics) Relating to phonemes.

phonemic merger phonemic mergers n
convergence
(phonology) The phenomenon in which two different phonemes merge and become replaced by a single phoneme.

phonemic split phonemic splits n
scission
(phonology) The phenomenon in which a single phoneme diverges into two different phonemes.

phonemically adv
phonémiquement
By means of, or in terms, of phonemes.

phonendoscope phonendoscopes n
phonendoscope
A form of stethoscope used in auscultation

phonetic /fəˈnɛt.ɪk/ [fəˈnɛɾɪk] adj
phonétique
Relating to the sounds of spoken language.
(linguistics) Relating to phones (as opposed to phonemes).

phonetic erosion n
érosion phonétique

phonetically more phonetically most phonetically adv
phonétiquement
In the way it sounds, particularly: written to describe the sound rather than the dictionary spelling.

phonetician /ˌfoʊ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɑ.nəˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɒn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfɔn.ɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ /ˌfəʊ.nɪˈtɪʃ.(ə)n/ phoneticians n
phonéticien phonéticienne phonétiste
A person who specializes in the physiology, acoustics, and perception of speech.

phonetics /fəˈnɛtɪks/ n
phonétique
(linguistics) The study of the physical sounds of human speech, concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phones), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception, and their representation by written symbols.

phonic /ˈfoʊ.nɪk/ /ˈfɑn.ɪk/ /ˈfɒn.ɪk/ adj
phonique
Of or pertaining to sound; of the nature of sound; acoustic.

phono- /fəˈnɒ-/ /ˈfoʊnoʊ-/ /ˈfoʊnə-/ /ˌfoʊnoʊ-/ /ˌfoʊnə-/ prefix
phono-
Relating to sound

phono-semantic compound phono-semantic compounds n
idéo-phonogramme
A Chinese character (CJKV character) composed of a component which is related to the meaning the character and another component which is related to the sound of the character.

phonogram /ˈfɑ.nəˌɡɹæm/ /ˈfəʊ.nə.ɡɹæm/ phonograms n
phonogramme
(linguistics) A character or symbol (grapheme) that represents a sound, as opposed to logograms and determinatives.

phonography phonographies n
phonographie
The transcription of speech using symbols.

phonolitic adj
phonolitique

phonological /ˌfoʊ̯nəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɑnəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfɒnəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˌfəʊ̯nəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
phonologique
Of or relating to phonology.

phonologist /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/ phonologists n
phonologue
(linguistics) A person who specializes in phonology, the functional use of sounds in language.

phonology /foʊ-/ /fəˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ /fəˈnɔləd͡ʒi/ phonologies n
phonologie
(uncountable) The study of the way sounds function in languages, including accent, intonation, phonemes, stress, and syllable structure, and which sounds are distinctive units within a language; (countable) the way sounds function within a given language; a phonological system. [from late 18th c.]
(by extension, uncountable) The study of the way components of signs function in a sign language, and which components are distinctive units within the language; (countable) the way components of signs function within a given sign language.

phonometer phonometers n
phonomètre
A particular instrument for measuring the force of sounds.

phonon /ˈfoʊ.nɑn/ /ˈfoʊ.nɔn/ phonons n
phonon
(physics) The quantum of acoustic or vibrational energy (sound), considered a discrete particle rather than a wave.

phononic adj
phononique
Relating to the study of phonons.

phonophobia phonophobias n
phonophobie
An unusual fear of sound, especially of speaking aloud or of one's own voice.

phonosemantic adj
phono-sémantique
Combining phonetic and semantic components, as with more than eighty percent of Chinese characters. (a way of creating Han characters by combining a component that indicates the meaning with a component that indicates the pronunciation)

phonotactics /ˈfoʊnoʊˌtæktɪks/ /ˈfoʊnəˌtæktɪks/ /ˈfəʊnə(ʊ)ˌtaktɪks/ n
phonotactique
(linguistics, phonology) A branch of phonology that deals with the restrictions a language applies to combinations of phonemes.

phony /ˈfoʊni/ phonier phoniest adj
faux contrefait falsifié frauduleux à la gomme à la noix
(informal) Fraudulent; fake; having a misleading appearance.

phony /ˈfoʊni/ phonies n
faussaire faux-nez usurpateur usurpatrice
(informal) A person who assumes an identity or quality other than their own.
faux guignol mystificateur prophète
(informal) A person who professes beliefs or opinions that they do not hold.

phony as a three-dollar bill adj
être faux comme un jeton

phormium /ˈfɔ(ɹ)ˌmiəm/ phormiums n
lin de Nouvelle-Zélande phormion phormium
A plant in the genus Phormium, New Zealand flax.

phosphatase phosphatases n
phosphatase
(enzyme) Any of several enzymes that hydrolyze phosphate esters, and are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides and phospholipids, and in the formation of bone.

phosphate /ˈfɑsfeɪt/ /ˈfɒsfeɪt/ phosphates n
phosphate
(chemistry) Any salt or ester of phosphoric acid.

phosphatemia n
phosphatémie
(medicine) The presence of phosphate in the blood.

phosphene phosphenes n
phosphène
A sensation of lights induced by mechanical, electrical, or magnetic stimulation (rather than optical) of the retina or visual cortex, or by random firing of cells in the visual system.

phosphide phosphides n
phosphure
(chemistry) Any binary compound of phosphorus, especially one in oxidation state −3.

phospholipid phospholipids n
phospholipide
(organic compound) Any lipid, such as lecithin or cephalin, consisting of a diglyceride combined with a phosphate group and a simple organic molecule such as choline or ethanolamine; they are important constituents of biological membranes.

phosphorene n
phosphorène

phosphoresce v
phosphorescer
To exhibit phosphorescence

phosphorescence /ˌfɑs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ /ˌfɒs.fəˈɹɛs.əns/ phosphorescences n
phosphorescence
The emission of light without any perceptible heat; the quality of being phosphorescent.

phosphorescent more phosphorescent most phosphorescent adj
phosphorescent
Having the property of emitting light for a period of time after the source of excitation is taken away, e.g., in electrostatic storage tubes and cathode-ray tubes.

phosphoric more phosphoric most phosphoric adj
phosphorique
(chemistry) Pertaining to the element phosphorus; containing phosphorus, especially in its higher valency (5). [from 18th c.]

phosphoric acid n
acide phosphorique
(inorganic compound) A colourless liquid, H3PO4, used in the manufacture of fertilizers, detergents and pharmaceuticals and as an additive in cola drinks.

phosphorous adj
phosphorescent phosphorescente phosphoreux phosphorique
(chemistry) Of or pertaining to phosphorus.
Resembling phosphorus.
(chemistry) Of relating to or containing trivalent phosphorus.

phosphorous acid n
acide phosphoreux
(chemistry) a yellowish hygroscopic solid, H3PO3; a mild reducing agent

phosphorus /ˈfɑs.fɚ.əs/ /ˈfɒs.fə.ɹəs/ /ˈfɒs.fɹəs/ phosphori phosphoruses n
phosphore
(chemistry) a chemical element (symbol P) with an atomic number of 15, that exists in several allotropic forms.

phosphorylation phosphorylations n
phosphorylation
(biochemistry) the process of transferring a phosphate group from a donor to an acceptor; often catalysed by enzymes.

photic more photic most photic adj
photique
Of, related to, or irradiated by light; especially describing that part of the near-surface ocean is which photosynthesis is possible.

photino photini photinos n
photino
(physics) The superpartner of the photon.

photo /ˈfoʊ.toʊ/ /ˈfəʊ.təʊ/ [ˈfŏʊɾoʊ] [ˈfəʊtʰəʊ] v
photographier
(transitive) To take a photograph of.

photo album photo albums n
album photo
A book with a collection of photographs placed inside.

photo booth photo booths n
photomaton
A coin-operated kiosk used to take photographs, typically used for passport photographs.

photo finish photo finishes n
photo-finish
(sports) The finish of a race in which the leaders are so close together that the winner cannot be identified using the naked eye but is determined by means of a photograph.

photo shoot photo shoots n
séance photo séance photos
A session in which a photographer takes shots of an individual or group.

photo- prefix
photo-
light, electromagnetic radiation

photobiological adj
photobiologique
Of or pertaining to photobiology.

photoblog photoblogs n
photoblog
A type of blog designed primarily to showcase photographs.

photobomb /ˈfəʊtəʊˌbɒm/ photobombs n
photobomb
A photo containing someone or something that is photobombing.

photobomber photobombers n
photobombeur
(photography) One who photobombs.

photobook photobooks n
album photo
(photography) A book of photographs, often by a single photographer

photocatalysis n
photocatalyse
(chemistry) catalysis by a photocatalyst

photocatalyst photocatalysts n
photocatalyseur
(chemistry) A substance that absorbs light and, in doing so, catalyzes a reaction.

photocatalytic adj
photocatalytique

photochemical adj
photochimique
(chemistry) of, relating to, or produced by photochemistry or by photochemical reactions

photochemical reaction photochemical reactions n
réaction photochimique
(chemistry) Any chemical reaction initiated by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation to form an excited state

photochemistry photochemistries n
photochimie
(chemistry) The study of photochemical reactions.

photoconductivity photoconductivities n
photoconductivité
(physics) The increase in the electrical conductivity of a material as a result of incident electromagnetic radiation.

photocopier photocopiers n
photocopieur photocopieuse
A machine which reproduces documents by photographing the original over a glass plate and printing duplicates.

photocopy /ˈfəʊtəˌkɒpi/ photocopies n
photocopie
A copy made using a photocopier.

photodetection n
photodétection

photodiode photodiodes n
photodiode
(electronics) A semiconductor two-terminal component whose electrical characteristics are light-sensitive.

photodisintegration /ˈfoʊ.toʊ.dɪs.ɪn.tɪˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾoʊ.də-/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾoʊ.dɪ.sɪɾ̃.əˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾə.də-/ /ˈfoʊ.ɾə.dɪ-/ [-sɪn.əˌɡɹeɪ.ʃən] photodisintegrations n
photodésintégration
(nuclear physics) Any nuclear reaction, especially a nuclear fission, initiated by absorption of high-energy electromagnetic radiation such as a gamma ray.

photoelectric adj
photoélectrique
Of or relating to the electric effects of electromagnetic radiation, especially the ejection of an electron from a surface by a photon.

photoelectric cell photoelectric cells n
cellule photoélectrique photocellule
A transducer that generates an electric current proportional to the light intensity.

photoelectric effect photoelectric effects n
effet photoélectrique
(physics) The emission of electrons from the surface of a material following the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

photoemission photoemissions n
photoémission
(physics) the ejection of electrons from the surface of a solid by incident electromagnetic radiation

photoemissive more photoemissive most photoemissive adj
photoémissif
Of or relating to photoemission.

photoemissivity photoemissivities n
photoémissivité
The property of being photoemissive

photogenic /ˌfoʊ.toʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfoʊ.təˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪk/ more photogenic most photogenic adj
photogénique
Looking good when photographed.

photogrammetry photogrammetries n
photogrammétrie
The making of precise measurements from photographs.
The making of maps from photographs, especially from aerial surveying.

photograph /ˈfoʊ.tə.ˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊ.tə.ˌɡɹɑːf/ [ˈfoʊ̯.ɾə.ˌɡɹ̠æf] [ˈfəʊ̯.tʰə̥.ˌɡɹ̠ɑːf] photographs n
photographie photo
A picture created by projecting an image onto a photosensitive surface such as a chemically treated plate or film, CCD receptor, etc.

photograph /ˈfoʊ.tə.ˌɡɹæf/ /ˈfəʊ.tə.ˌɡɹɑːf/ [ˈfoʊ̯.ɾə.ˌɡɹ̠æf] [ˈfəʊ̯.tʰə̥.ˌɡɹ̠ɑːf] v
photographier
(transitive, intransitive) To take a photograph (of).

photographer /fəˈtɑɡɹəfɚ/ /fəˈtɒɡɹəfə/ photographers n
photographe photoseur
One who takes photographs, typically as an occupation.

photographic /ˌfoʊtəˈɡɹæfɪk/ [ˌfoʊɾəˈɡɹæfɪk] more photographic most photographic adj
photographique
Pertaining to photographs or photography.

photography /fəˈtɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /fəˈtɒ.ɡɹə.fi/ photographies n
photographie
The art and technology of producing images on photosensitive surfaces, and its digital counterpart.
The occupation of taking (and often printing) photographs.

photojournalism n
photojournalisme
A form of journalism in which a story is told primarily through photographs and other images

photolysis n
photolyse
(chemistry) Any chemical reaction in which a compound is decomposed after absorbing a photon

photomacrography n
photomacrographie
(photography) The photography of small objects, at close range, using a macro lens.

photomask photomasks n
masque photographique

photometeor photometeors n
photométéore

photometer /fəˈtɑmɪtɚ/ /fəˈtɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈfoʊtoʊˌmitɚ/ /ˈfəʊtəʊˌmiːtə(ɹ)/ photometers n
photomètre
(physics) Any of several instruments used to measure various aspects of the intensity of light.

photometric adj
photométrique
Of or relating to photometry or to photometers.
(botany, of leaves) Adjusting position with respect to light.

photomicrography n
photomicrographie
(photography) Photography using a microscope.

photomontage photomontages n
photomontage
(photography) A composite image combining two or more photographs.

photon /ˈfəʊtɒn/ photons n
photon
(particle) The quantum of light and other electromagnetic energy, regarded as a discrete particle having zero rest mass, no electric charge, and an indefinitely long lifetime. It is a gauge boson.

photon sphere photon spheres n
sphère de photons sphère photonique
(of a black hole) A spherical limit around a black hole at such distance that any photon meeting it tangentially is constrained to travel in a circular orbit; (more loosely) the region between this limit and the event horizon.

photonic adj
photonique
of, or relating to photons or to photonics

photonics /foʊˈtɑnɪks/ n
photonique
(sciences) The science and technology of generating and controlling photons, particularly in the visible and near infrared light spectrum.

photonovel photonovels n
roman-photo

photopaper photopapers n
papier photographique
Photographic paper; paper coated with light-sensitive chemicals, used for making photographic prints on traditional film cameras.

photophobia photophobias n
photophobie
(medicine) Excessive sensitivity to light and the aversion to bright light; abnormal fear of light.

photophore photophores n
photophore
(biology) A light-emitting organ, found in some fish and other marine animals.

photoreceptor photoreceptors n
photorécepteur
(biology) A specialized neuron or other structure able to detect and react to light.

photoshop photoshops n
photoshoper
A digitally altered image.

photoshopped adj
photoshopé
Of an image: digitally edited or altered.

photosynthesis /ˌfoʊ.toʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ /ˌfəʊ.təʊ.ˈsɪn.θə.sɪs/ [ˌfŏʊ.ɾoʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] [ˌfəʊ.tʰəʊ.ˈsɪn̪.θə.sɪs] photosyntheses n
photosynthèse
(biology) Any process by which plants and other photoautotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy.

phototherapy phototherapies n
photothérapie
The use of light to treat disorders of the skin, and certain mood disorders.

phototoxic more phototoxic most phototoxic adj
phototoxique
(medicine, of a medicine or cosmetic) Causing damage to the skin when exposed to light.

phototropism phototropisms n
héliotropisme
(biology) The movement of a plant towards or away from light.

photovoltaic adj
photovoltaïque
Producing a voltage when exposed to light.

phrasal preposition phrasal prepositions n
locution prépositive
(grammar) A preposition composed of several words rather than just one.

phrasal verb phrasal verbs n
verbe à particule phrasal verb
(linguistics, more loosely) A phrase, consisting of a verb and either or both of a preposition or adverb, that has idiomatic meaning.

phrase /fɹeɪz/ phrases n
locution expression
A short written or spoken expression.
phrase syntagme
(grammar) A word or, more commonly, a group of words that functions as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence, usually consisting of a head, or central word, and elaborating words.
phrase
(music) A small section of music in a larger piece.

phrase /fɹeɪz/ v
exprimer formuler
(transitive) To express (an action, thought or idea) by means of particular words.
phraser
(transitive, music) To divide into melodic phrases.

phrase book phrase books n
guide de conversation carnet de phrases recueil d'expressions
A usually pocket-sized book consisting of everyday expressions and vocabulary in two languages and intended for travellers who wish to communicate with locals while in other countries.

phraseological /ˌfɹeɪziəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
phraséologique
Of or pertaining to phraseology.

phraseology /fɹeɪziˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /fɹeɪziˈɒləd͡ʒɪ/ /fɹeɪzˈɑləd͡ʒi/ phraseologies n
phraséologie
Study of set or fixed expressions.

phrasing /ˈfɹeɪzɪŋ/ phrasings n
choix de mots formulation
The way a statement is put together, particularly in matters of style and word choice.
choix de mots formulation phrasé
(music) The way the musical phrases are put together in a composition or in its interpretation, with changes in tempo, volume, or emphasizing one or more instruments over others.

phreatic /fɹiˈæt.ɪk/ more phreatic most phreatic adj
phréatique éruption phréatique
(geology) Of or pertaining to ground water; (volcanology) involving explosively rapid heating of ground water by magma.

phrenological adj
phrénologique
Pertaining to phrenology.

phrenologist phrenologists n
phrénologiste phrénologue
An adherent or practitioner of phrenology.

phrenology phrenologies n
phrénologie
(medicine, biology) The science or now discredited pseudo-science, which studies the relationships between a person's character and the morphology (structure) of the skull.

phthalate /ˈ(f)θaleɪt/ /ˈ(f)θælɪt/ phthalates n
phtalate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of a phthalic acid.

phthiriasis phthiriases n
phtiriase
(medicine) An infestation with crab lice.

phthisic adj
phtisique
Of or relating to phthisis or tuberculosis; tubercular; consumptive.

phthisis /ˈ(f)θaɪsɪs/ /ˈtaɪsɪs/ phthises n
phtisie
(archaic) An atrophy of the body or part of the body, especially pulmonary tuberculosis.

phugoid /ˈfjuˌɡɔɪd/ /ˈfjuːɡɔɪd/ phugoids n
phugoïde
(aeronautics, aviation) The motion of an aircraft, missile, or other flying object continuously oscillating in a vertical plane due to the object pitching up and climbing, thus slowing down; then pitching down and descending, thus speeding up.

phycology n
phycologie algologie
The scientific study of algae.

phylactery /fɪˈlæktəɹi/ phylacteries n
phylactère
(Judaism) Either of the two small leather cases, containing biblical scrolls, worn by Jewish men at morning prayer; the tefilla.
amulet phylactère talisman
(historical) Any small object worn for its magical or supernatural power; an amulet or charm.

phyllo /ˈfaɪloʊ/ /ˈfaɪləʊ/ /ˈfiːloʊ / /ˈfiːləʊ/ phyllos n
feuille de brick pâte filo pâte phyllo
A type of dough, originating in Mediterranean cuisine, that is used in thin layers to make pastries (such as baklava and apple strudel) and pies and becomes very flaky when cooked.

phylloxera /fɪˈlɒksəɹə/ phylloxerae phylloxeras n
phylloxéra
An insect, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae of the family Phylloxeridae (not the genus Phylloxera), that is very destructive to grape vines; also, the diseased condition of a vine caused by this insect. [from 19th c.]

phylogenesis phylogeneses n
phylogenèse
Evolutionary development of a species.

phylogenetic tree phylogenetic trees n
arbre phylogénétique
(biology) A branching diagram illustrating the potential evolutionary relationships among biological organisms or other entities which the tree-maker hypothesizes share a common ancestor.

phylogenetics /ˌfaɪləd͡ʒəˈnɛtɪks/ n
phylogénie
(biology, systematics) The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among or within groups of organisms, through computational methods that focus on observed heritable traits.

phylogenic more phylogenic most phylogenic adj
phylogénique

phylogeny /faɪˈlɑd͡ʒəni/ /faɪˈlɒd͡ʒəni/ phylogenies n
phylogénie
(systematics) The evolutionary history of groups of organisms, such as species or clades.

phylum /ˈfaɪləm/ phyla phylums n
embranchement phylum
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below kingdom and above class; also called a divisio or a division, especially in describing plants; a taxon at that rank

physalite n
physalite

physiatrist physiatrists n
physiatre

physic nut physic nuts n
pourghère
A small tropical American euphorbiaceous tree (Jatropha curcas) with poisonous seeds, cultivated to produce biodiesel fuel.

physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/ more physical most physical adj
physique physiologique
Pertaining to the world as understood through the senses rather than the mind; tangible, concrete; real. Having to do with the material world. [from 16th c.]
Having to do with the body as opposed to the mind; corporeal, bodily. [from 18th c.]

physical /ˈfɪzɪkəl/ physicals n
check-up visite médicale
Physical examination.

physical education n
éducation physique
An element of an educational curriculum concerned with bodily development, physical health and wellness, strength, physical co-ordination, and agility.

physical examination physical examinations n
examen clinique
(medicine) The examination of the patient's body with the use of such methods as inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation.

physical mediumship n
médiumnité à effets physiques
(parapsychology) The ability to make the spirit world cause physical phenomena that can be observed by anyone present.

physical quantity physical quantities n
grandeur physique
(physics) A physical property that can be measured or calculated from other physical property and expressed as the product of a numerical value and a physical unit.

physicalist physicalists n
physicaliste
An adherent of physicalism; A cosmological proceduralist.

physicalization physicalizations n
physicalisation
The act, process, or result of physicalizing

physically /ˈfɪzɪkli/ more physically most physically adv
physiquement
In a physical manner.

physician /fɪˈzɪʃən/ physicians n
docteure doctoresse femme médecin
A practitioner of physic, i.e. a specialist in internal medicine, especially as opposed to a surgeon; a practitioner who treats with medication rather than with surgery.
médecin docteur doctoresse docteure femme médecin
A medical doctor trained in human medicine.

physician, heal thyself proverb
médecin, guéris-toi toi-même

physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ physicists n
physicien physicienne
A person whose occupation specializes in the science of physics, especially at a professional level.

physics /ˈfɪz.ɪks/ n
physique
The branch of science concerned with the study of the properties and interactions of space, time, matter and energy.

physio /ˈfɪzɪəʊ/ physios n
kiné
(colloquial, countable)
(colloquial, uncountable)
(colloquial, uncountable)

physiognomist physiognomists n
physiognomoniste
One who studies, or is an expert in, physiognomy; one who studies the outer appearance of the person (primarily the face) to acquire knowledge of the inner personality.

physiognomy /fɪziˈɑ(ɡ)nəmi/ /fɪziˈɒnəmi/ /fɪziˈɒɡnəmi/ physiognomies n
physiognomonie
The art or pseudoscience of deducing the predominant temper and other characteristic qualities of the mind from the outward appearance, especially from the features of the face.

physiography physiographies n
physiographie
(geography) The subfield of geography that studies physical patterns and processes of the Earth. It aims to understand the forces that produce and change rocks, oceans, weather, and global flora and fauna patterns.

physiological /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɒd͡ʒ.i.kəl/ /ˌfɪz.i.əˈlɔd͡ʒ.i.kəl/ more physiological most physiological adj
physiologique
Of, or relating to physiology.

physiologically adv
physiologiquement
In accordance with the science of physiology.

physiology /ˌfɪziˈɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌfɪziˈɒləd͡ʒi/ physiologies n
physiologie
A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or of living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.

physiotherapist physiotherapists n
physiothérapeute kinésithérapeute
A therapist who treats physical injury or dysfunction, usually with exercise.

physiotherapy physiotherapies n
kinésithérapie
Therapy that uses physical techniques such as massage, ultrasound, heat, and exercise.

phytic acid n
acide phytique
(organic compound) The compound inositol hexaphosphoric acid present in cereals etc as alkali and alkaline earth salts; it is a source of phosphorus for ruminants but is indigestible for carnivores

phyto- /faɪtoʊ/ /faɪtəʊ/ prefix
phyto-
Pertaining to or derived from plants.

phytodiversity phytodiversities n
phytodiversité

phytohormone phytohormones n
phytohormone
A plant hormone

phytoid more phytoid most phytoid adj
phytoïde
Resembling a plant, plantlike.

phytomining /ˈfaɪtoʊˌmaɪnɪŋ/ /ˈfaɪtəʊˌmaɪnɪŋ/ [-ɾoʊ-] n
phytominage
(biotechnology) The planting and harvesting of vegetation that selectively concentrates specific metals from the environment into their tissues, for the purpose of commercial exploitation of the extracted metal.

phytopathology n
phytopathologie
The study of plant diseases; plant pathology

phytophagous more phytophagous most phytophagous adj
phytophage
(zoology) Feeding on plants, herbivorous.

phytoplankton /ˌfaɪ.toʊˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌfaɪ.təʊˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌfaɪ.təˈplæŋk.tən/ phytoplanktons n
phytoplancton
Plankton, especially those small in size, that obtain energy by photosynthesis.

phytosanitary adj
phytosanitaire
concerning the health of plants; especially the freedom from pests requiring quarantine

phytosociology n
phytosociologie
(ecology) The study of the ecology, classification and distribution of plant communities

phytosterol phytosterols n
phytostérol

phytotherapy phytotherapies n
phytothérapie
(medicine) The use of plant extracts for medical purposes.

phytotoxic more phytotoxic most phytotoxic adj
phytotoxique

phytotronic adj
phytotronique

pi /paɪ/ pis n
pi
The 16th letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets and the seventeenth in Old Greek.
(mathematics) An irrational and transcendental constant representing the ratio of the circumference of a Euclidean circle to its diameter; approximately 3.14159265358979323846264338327950; usually written π.

pia mater pia maters n
pie-mère
(anatomy) The innermost of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord.

pianissimo more pianissimo most pianissimo adv
pianissimo
(music) To be played very softly.

pianist /piˈænɪst/ /ˈpi.ənɪst/ pianists n
pianiste
A person who plays the piano, particularly with skill or as part of an orchestra.

pianistic more pianistic most pianistic adj
pianistique
Suitable for playing on a piano, well-suited to piano playing.

pianistics n
pianistique
(music) The art or technique of playing the piano.

piano /paɪˈænoʊ/ /piˈænoʊ/ /piˈænəʊ/ pianoes pianos n
piano
(musical instruments) a percussive keyboard musical instrument, usually ranging over seven octaves, with white and black colored keys, played by pressing these keys, causing hammers to strike strings [from 1803]

piano accordion piano accordions n
accordéon-piano
(musical instruments) an accordion with a keyboard similar to that of a piano.

piano maker piano makers n
facteur de pianos
Maker of pianos.

piano nobile piani nobili piano nobiles n
étage noble bel étage
(architecture) The floor of a building where the principal bedrooms and main reception rooms are found, very often on the first or second floor in older buildings.

pianofortist pianofortists n
pianofortiste
(music) A person who plays the pianoforte.

piastre piastres n
piastre
(now, _, historical) A Spanish or Spanish-American coin and unit of currency, originally worth eight real.
A form of currency currently used as a subunit in the Middle Eastern and East African countries of Egypt, Jordan (partly including Palestine), Lebanon, South Sudan, Sudan, and Syria.

picador /ˈpɪkədɔː(ɹ)/ picadores picadors n
picador
(bullfighting) A lancer mounted on horseback who assists a matador.

picanha picanhas n
picanha
A cut of beef consisting of the biceps femoris muscle and its fat cap.

picaresque /pɪkəˈɹɛsk/ more picaresque most picaresque adj
picaresque
Of or pertaining to adventurers or rogues.

picaresque /pɪkəˈɹɛsk/ picaresques n
picaresque
(literature) A picaresque novel.

picaresqueness n
picaresquité
The quality of being picaresque.

picaridin n
picaridine

piccolo /ˈpɪkl̩oʊ/ /ˈpɪkoloʊ/ /ˈpɪkəloʊ/ /ˈpɪkələʊ/ piccoli piccolos n
piccolo
A piccolo flute A transverse flute that is smaller than a Western concert flute and pitched nearly an octave higher.
piccolo quart
A bottle of champagne containing 0.1875 litres of fluid, one quarter the volume of a standard bottle.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] picks n
pioche
A tool used for digging; a pickaxe.
pioche passe-partout
A tool for unlocking a lock without the original key; a lock pick, picklock.
choix
A choice; ability to choose.
écran
(basketball) A screen.

pick /pɪk/ [pʰɪk] v
choisir
cueillir prendre
To grasp and pull with the fingers or fingernails.
(dated) To peck at, as a bird with its beak; to strike at with anything pointed; to act upon with a pointed instrument; to pierce; to prick, as with a pin.
cueillir
To harvest a fruit or vegetable for consumption by removing it from the plant to which it is attached; to harvest an entire plant by removing it from the ground.

pick of the litter picks of the litter n
haut du panier
(idiomatic) The best person or item in a group; the best that one has to offer.

pick on v
embêter
(transitive) To bully, harass, or make fun of a victim; to bother or harass.

pick one's nose v
fourrer son doigt dans son nez se curer le nez se mettre le doigt dans le nez
(idiomatic) To insert a finger or other object into one's nostril to remove obstructions, especially dried mucus.

pick out v
distinguer faire la différence faire la distinction
(transitive, idiomatic) To distinguish; discern.

pick up v
collecter prendre
(transitive, ) To collect an object, especially in passing.
s'améliorer
(intransitive) To improve, increase, or speed up.
reprendre
(intransitive) To restart or resume.
décrocher prendre reprendre capter chercher saisir (comprendre)
(transitive) To learn, to grasp; to begin to understand; to realize.
décrocher noter
(transitive, ) To notice, detect or discern; to pick up on
draguer
(transitive, and, intransitive, _, with on) To meet and seduce somebody for romantic purposes, especially in a social situation.
décrocher
(transitive, or, intransitive) To answer a telephone.
(intransitive, of a phone) To receive calls; to function correctly.

pick up the pace v
presser le pas
(idiomatic) To begin moving or working faster.

pick up the phone v
décrocher
To pick up the receiver of a telephone, generally with the intention of making a phone call.

pick-up line pick-up lines n
disquette phrase d'accroche phrase d'approche
A short introduction or comment intended to garner romantic or sexual interest from a stranger.

pickaxe /ˈpɪkˌæks/ pickaxes n
pioche
A heavy iron tool with a wooden handle; one end of the head is pointed, the other has a chisel edge.

pickaxe /ˈpɪkˌæks/ v
piocher
To use a pickaxe.

picker /ˈpɪkə(ɹ)/ pickers n
cueilleur glaneur glaneuse
one who picks.
sélecteur
(computing, graphical user interface) Any user interface control that selects something.

picket /ˈpɪkɪt/ pickets n
piquet
A stake driven into the ground.

pickle /ˈpɪkl̩/ pickles n
cornichon
(chiefly, US, Canada, Australia) A cucumber preserved in a solution, usually a brine or a vinegar syrup.
pickles
(often, in the plural) Any vegetable preserved in vinegar and consumed as relish.

pickle /ˈpɪkl̩/ v
saler
(transitive, ergative) To preserve food (or sometimes other things) in a salt, sugar or vinegar solution.

pickling /ˈpɪk.lɪŋ/ picklings n
décapage
A process by which the oxide scale on steel (especially stainless steels) or other metallic objects is chemically removed by strong acids.

pickpocket /ˈpɪkpɒkɪt/ pickpockets n
pickpocket voleur à la tire
One who steals from the pocket of a passerby, usually by sleight of hand.

pickup pickups n
drague
An instance of approaching someone and engaging in romantic flirtation and courting with the intent to pursue romance, a date, or a sexual encounter.

pickup artist pickup artists n
séducteur

pickup truck pickup trucks n
pick-up pickup
(chiefly, North America, Singapore) A light truck with an open cargo bed.

picky /ˈpɪki/ pickier pickiest adj
pointilleux
Fussy; particular; demanding to have things just right.

picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ picnics n
pique-nique picnic piquenique
The meal eaten at such a gathering.
jeu d’enfant
(figurative) An easy or pleasant task.

picnicker picnickers n
piqueniqueur piqueniqueuse
Someone who has a picnic.

pico- /ˈpaɪ.koʊ/ /ˈpi.koʊ/ /ˈpiː.kəʊ/ prefix
pico-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−12 (short scale trillionth or long scale billionth). Symbol: p

picogram picograms n
picogramme
(metrology) An SI unit of mass equal to 10−12 grams. Symbol: pg

picometer picometers n
picomètre
(US) (metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−12 meters; alternative spelling of picometre.

picric acid n
acide picrique
(chemistry) 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, C6H2(NO2)3, prepared by the nitration of phenol or of aspirin; a toxic, yellow, explosive substance used in dyes, explosives, and as an antiseptic

pics or it didn't happen phraseologicalUnit
photo sinon fake
(internet slang, jocular) Used to request a picture of a reported event, especially on an Internet forum.

pictogram pictograms n
pictogramme
A picture that represents a word or an idea by illustration.

pictogrammatic more pictogrammatic most pictogrammatic adj
pictogrammatique

pictorial /pɪkˈtɔɹi.əl/ pictorials n
illustré
A newspaper or magazine with many pictures, or section thereof.

picture /ˈpɪk(t)ʃə/ /ˈpɪk(t)ʃɚ/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃɚ/ pictures n
image
A representation of anything (as a person, a landscape, a building) upon canvas, paper, or other surface, by drawing, painting, printing, photography, etc.
photo
A photograph.
cinéma
(in the plural, informal) ("the pictures") Cinema (as a form of entertainment).

picture book picture books n
livre d'image
A book for young children in which the narrative is accompanied by illustrations.

picture dictionary picture dictionaries n
dictionnaire visuel
A dictionary that includes pictures to help identify things.

picture-in-picture n
incrustation d'image
(television) A feature of some television receivers and similar devices, where one program or channel is displayed on the full TV screen while another is displayed in an inset window.

picturesque /pɪkt͡ʃəˈɹɛsk/ more picturesque most picturesque adj
pittoresque
Resembling or worthy of a picture or painting; having the qualities of a picture or painting; pleasingly beautiful.

picturesquely /ˌpɪktjʊəˈɹɛskli/ /ˌpɪkt͡ʃəˈɹɛskli/ more picturesquely most picturesquely adv
pittoresquement
In a picturesque manner.

pidgin /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pidgins n
pidgin créole langue véhiculaire
(linguistics) An amalgamation of two disparate languages, used by two populations having no common language as a lingua franca to communicate with each other, lacking formalized grammar and having a small, utilitarian vocabulary and no native speakers.

pie /paɪ/ /pɑɪ/ pies n
tarte
A type of pastry that consists of an outer crust and a filling.
tourte tarte
A paper plate covered in cream, shaving foam or custard that is thrown or rubbed in someone’s face for comical purposes, to raise money for charity, or as a form of political protest; a custard pie; a cream pie.
gâteau
(figuratively) The whole of a wealth or resource, to be divided in parts.

pie /paɪ/ /pɑɪ/ v
entarter
(transitive) To hit in the face with a pie, either for comic effect or as a means of protest (see also pieing).

pie chart pie charts n
camembert
A pictorial graph in the shape of a circle, with segments representing related proportions

pie-in-the-sky /ˈpaɪ n̩ ðə ˈskaɪ/ adj
illusoire utopique
(idiomatic) Of a dream unlikely to ever come true; impractical, unrealizable.

piebald /ˈpaɪ.bɑld/ /ˈpaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈpaɪ.bɔːld/ more piebald most piebald adj
pie
Spotted or blotched, especially in black and white.

piece /piːs/ pieces n
morceau pièce bout part
A part of a larger whole, usually in such a form that it is able to be separated from other parts.
pièce
(chess) One of the figures used in playing chess, specifically a higher-value figure as distinguished from a pawn; by extension, a similar counter etc. in other games.
A coin, especially one valued at less than the principal unit of currency.
(baseball, uncountable) Used to describe a pitch that has been hit but not well, usually either being caught by the opposing team or going foul. Usually used in the past tense with get.

piece of ass /ˈpiːs əv ˈæs/ pieces of ass n
coup d’un soir
(US, idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar) An act of intercourse, especially a one-night stand.
bombe sexuelle
(US, idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar) A very attractive woman, when considered as a sex object.

piece of cake /ˈpiːsə(v)ˈkeɪk/ pieces of cake n
jeu d'enfant
(idiomatic) A job, task or other activity that is pleasant – or, by extension, easy or simple.

piece of eight pieces of eight n
pièce de huit

piece of furniture pieces of furniture n
meuble
An item of furniture; any item, such as a table or cupboard, that constitutes furniture.

piece of paper pieces of paper n
billet bulletin fiche
A single sheet or scrap of paper.

piece of shit pieces of shit n
chierie merde saloperie
(idiomatic, vulgar) A bad thing; an object of poor quality.
fumier merde pauvre merde sac à merde sous-merde
(idiomatic, derogatory, vulgar) A despicable person.

piece together v
assembler reconstituer
To physically assemble (or reassemble) from fragments or pieces.
reconstituer réassembler
(figuratively) To reconstruct an event or goal from incomplete or flawed elements.

piece work n
travail à la pièce
Work that a worker is paid for according to the number of units produced, rather than the number of hours worked; work done and paid for by the piece or by the job.

piecewise adv
par morceaux
(mathematics) Throughout separate parts, but not necessarily throughout the whole

pieceworker pieceworkers n
apiéceur apiéceuse
A worker who is paid according to the number of units of work produced.

pied bushchat pied bushchats n
tarier pie
Saxicola caprata, an Asian flycatcher

pied wheatear pied wheatears n
traquet pie
Oenanthe pleschanka, an Old World flycatcher native to Asia

pied-à-terre /pi.eɪ.dəˈtɛə/ /pi.eɪ.dəˈtɛɹ/ pieds-à-terre n
pied-à-terre
A smaller temporary or secondary lodging; a second home, especially one in the city.

piedouche piedouches n
piédouche
A small pedestal used to support a bust, a vase, etc.

piehole pieholes n
gueule
(slang, offensive) A person's mouth.

pieing pieings n
entartage entartement
An instance of throwing a pie at someone, often a politician or other powerful or influential person as a means of protest.

piemontite /ˈpiməntaɪt/ /ˈpiːmɒntaɪt/ piemontites n
piémontite piedmontite
(mineral) A monoclinic sorosilicate mineral of the epidote group, reddish in colour.

pier /pɪə(ɹ)/ /pɪɹ/ piers n
jetée ponton
A raised platform built from the shore out over water, supported on piles; used to secure, or provide access to shipping; a jetty.
jetée
A similar structure, especially at a seaside resort, used to provide entertainment.
pile
A structure supporting the junction between two spans of a bridge.
pilier
(architecture) A rectangular pillar, or similar structure, that supports an arch, wall or roof, or the hinges of a gate.

pier glass pier glasses n
trumeau
A tall narrow mirror, usually set between two windows, above a pier table.

pierce /pɜː(ɹ)s/ /pɪəs/ /pɪɹs/ v
percer
(transitive) To puncture; to break through.
(transitive) To create a hole in the skin for the purpose of inserting jewelry.
(transitive) to break or interrupt abruptly

piercing /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ /ˈpɪɹsɪŋ/ more piercing most piercing adj
perçant

piercing /ˈpɪəsɪŋ/ /ˈpɪɹsɪŋ/ piercings n
piercing perçage
A hole made in the body so that jewellery can be worn through it.

pierogi /pəˈɹoːɡi/ /pɛˈɾoːɡi/ pierogi pierogies pierogis n
pérogy ravioli polonais
(North America) A square- or crescent-shaped dumpling of unleavened dough, stuffed with sauerkraut, cheese, mashed potatoes, cabbage, onion, meat, or any combination of these, or with a fruit filling.

pietism /ˈpʌɪətɪz(ə)m/ pietisms n
piétisme
(Christianity, often capitalized) A movement in the Lutheran church in the 17th and 18th centuries, calling for a return to practical and devout Christianity.

pietist pietists n
piétiste
A supporter of pietism.

piety /ˈpaɪ.ɪ.ti/ pieties n
piété
(uncountable, religion) Reverence and devotion to God.

piezoelectric adj
piézoélectrique
of or relating to piezoelectricity

piezoelectricity /piˌeɪzəʊ.ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/ /pʌɪˌiːzəʊ.ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/ /ˌpiːzəʊ.ɪlɛkˈtrɪsɪti/ n
piézoélectricité
(physics) A voltage generated by certain crystals in response to an applied mechanical stress.

piezometer piezometers n
piézomètre
An instrument used to measure pressure.

piffle /ˈpɪf.əl/ n
babil bafouillage baragouin diarrhée verbale déconnage jargon
Nonsense, foolish talk.

piffle /ˈpɪf.əl/ v
babiller baragouiner déconner jargonner péter les plombs vaticiner
To act or speak in a futile, ineffective, or nonsensical manner.

pig /ˈpɪɡ/ pigs n
porc cochon pourceau
Any of several mammalian species of the genus Sus, having cloven hooves, bristles and a nose adapted for digging; especially the domesticated animal Sus domesticus.
porc cochon
(derogatory, slang) Someone who overeats or eats rapidly and noisily.
(derogatory, slang) A dirty or slovenly person.
poulet flic keuf
(now, chiefly, US, UK, Australia, derogatory, slang) A police officer. [From ante 1785.]
porc cochon salaud pourceau
(engineering) A device for cleaning or inspecting the inside of an oil or gas pipeline, or for separating different substances within the pipeline. Named for the pig-like squealing noise made by their progress.

pig in a poke pigs in a poke pigs in pokes n
acheter chat en poche
(idiomatic) Something whose true value is concealed or unknown and may be lower than expected by the buyer or claimed by the seller, especially something offered for sale.

pig iron n
fonte brute
A type of crude, brittle iron shaped like a block, unsuitable for working but suitable for casting, commonly used as an industrial raw material.

pig out v
s'empiffrer
(slang, intransitive) To eat voraciously or ravenously; to gorge oneself.

pigache /piːˈɡɑʃ/ /pɪˈɡæʃ/ /pɪˈɡɒʃ/ pigaches n
pigache
(historical) A shoe with a long pointed toe worn in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries.

pigeon /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒən/ /ˈpɪ.d͡ʒɪn/ pigeons n
pigeon
One of several birds of the family Columbidae, which consists of more than 300 species.
(North America, informal) A person who is a target or victim of a confidence game.

pigeon fancier pigeon fanciers n
colombophile
A person who keeps pigeons as pets.

pigeon guillemot pigeon guillemots n
guillemot colombin
A species of guillemot endemic to the Pacific Ocean, Cepphus columba.

pigeon loft pigeon lofts n
pigeonnier
An outbuilding used for housing and breeding pigeons; a dovecote.

pigeon pea pigeon peas n
pois d'Angole
A tropical African plant, Cajanus cajan, formerly Cajanus indicus.

pigeonhole v
cataloguer ranger dans une case
To categorize; especially to limit or be limited to a particular category, role, etc.

piggery piggeries n
porcherie
A place, such as a farm, where pigs are kept or raised.

piggy bank piggy banks n
tirelire
A small container, sometimes in the form of a pig, to store small saved coins in. Often the "bank" must be broken open to retrieve the contents.

piggyback v
found
(ambitransitive) To attach or append something to another (usually larger) object or event.

piglet /ˈpɪɡ.lət/ piglets n
porcelet cochonnet goret
A young pig

pigment /ˈpɪɡ.mənt/ pigments n
colorant
pigment
(biology) Any color in plant or animal cells
A dry colorant, usually an insoluble powder

pigmentation pigmentations n
pigmentation
Coloration of human, plant or animal tissue, especially by pigment.

pigsticker pigstickers n
abatteur saigneur de porcs
A pork butcher.

pigsty /ˈpɪɡstaɪ/ pigsties n
porcherie
An enclosure where pigs are kept, either a building or part of one.
porcherie bordel
(colloquial) A dirty or very untidy place.

pigtail /ˈpɪɡ.teɪl/ pigtails n
natte couette tresse
A braided plait of hair; now especially, either of two braids or "tails" on the side of the head. [from 18th c.]

pika /ˈpaɪkə/ pikas n
lièvre criard lièvre siffleur ochotone pika
Any of several small, furry mammals, similar to guinea pigs, but related to rabbits, of the family Ochotonidae, from the mountains of North America and Asia.

pike /paɪk/ pikes n
pique
(military, historical) A very long spear used two-handed by infantry soldiers for thrusting (not throwing), both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as a countermeasure against cavalry assaults.
brochet
Any carnivorous freshwater fish of the genus Esox, especially the northern pike, Esox lucius.

pikeman pikemen n
piquier
A soldier armed with a pike.

pilaf pilafs n
pilaf
A dish made by browning grain, typically rice, in oil and then cooking it with a seasoned broth, to which meat and/or vegetables may be added.

pilchard /ˈpɪl.tʃəd/ /ˈpɪl.t͡ʃɚd/ pilchard pilchards n
pilchard
Any of various small oily fish related to herrings, family Clupeidae.

pilcrow /ˈpɪl.kɹoʊ/ /ˈpɪl.kɹəʊ/ pilcrows n
pied-de-mouche
(typesetting) A symbol designating a paragraph break.

pile /paɪl/ piles n
tas pile monceau
A mass of things heaped together; a heap.
pile
(informal) A group or list of related items up for consideration, especially in some kind of selection process.
A mass formed in layers.
A vertical series of alternate disks of two dissimilar metals (especially copper and zinc), laid up with disks of cloth or paper moistened with acid water between them, for producing a current of electricity; a voltaic pile, or galvanic pile.
pieu
A large stake, or piece of pointed timber, steel etc., driven into the earth or sea-bed for the support of a building, a pier, or other superstructure, or to form a cofferdam, etc.
pile
(heraldiccharge) One of the ordinaries or subordinaries having the form of a wedge, usually placed palewise, with the broadest end uppermost.

pile /paɪl/ v
ajouter amasser empiler faire pile
(transitive, often used with the preposition "up") To lay or throw into a pile or heap; to heap up; to collect into a mass; to accumulate

pile driver pile drivers n
sonnette
A machine for forcing a pile, a long beam, into the ground as part of the construction of a foundation; usually by raising a weight and then dropping it on the beam.

pile up v
empiler amonceler
(transitive) To form a pile, stack, or heap.
amonceler
(idiomatic, intransitive) To collect or accumulate, as a backlog.

pile-up pile-ups n
carambolage
A pile of crashed vehicles due to a traffic accident.
mêlée
(American football) A pile of tackling players.
accumulation amoncellement
An accumulation that occurs over time, especially one which is not welcome.

piles /paɪlz/ n
tas
(informal, piles of) A large amount of.

pileus /ˈpɪliəs/ pilei n
pileus
(meteorology) A small thin cloud attached to a cumulus cloud.
(historical, Ancient Rome) A conical felt hat worn in Ancient Rome and Greece.
The top of the head of a bird, from the bill to the nape.

pilfer /ˈpɪl.fə/ /ˈpɪl.fɚ/ v
piquer chaparder
(ambitransitive) To steal in small quantities, or articles of small value; to practise petty theft.

pilferage /ˈpɪlf(ə)ɹɪd͡ʒ/ pilferages n
chapardage
The individual act or recurring practice of stealing items of low value, especially in small quantities, for which the legal term is petty theft.

pilferer pilferers n
chapardeur chapardeuse
One who pilfers.

pilgrim /ˈpɪlɡɹɪm/ pilgrims n
pèlerin
One who travels, especially on a journey to visit sites of religious significance.

pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/ pilgrimages n
pèlerinage pélérinage
A journey made to a sacred place, or a religious journey.

pilgrimage /ˈpɪlɡɹɪmɪd͡ʒ/ v
pèleriner
To go on a pilgrimage.

pilin pilins n
piline
Any of a class of fibrous proteins found in pilus structures in bacteria

pill /pɪl/ [pʰɪɫ] pills n
pilule comprimé
(broadly) A small, usually round or cylindrical object designed for easy swallowing, usually containing some sort of medication.
pilule pilule contraceptive
(informal, uncountable, definite, i.e. used with "the") Contraceptive medication, usually in the form of a pill to be taken by a woman; an oral contraceptive pill.
balle dragée
(firearms, slang) A bullet (projectile).

pill /pɪl/ [pʰɪɫ] v
boulocher
(intransitive, textiles) Of a woven fabric surface, to form small matted balls of fiber.

pill bottle /pɪl ˈbɒt.əl/ pill bottles n
flacon de pilules
(Britain, medicine) a small bottle that pills are kept in

pill bug pill bugs n
cloporte cochon de cave cochon de mur
(US) Any of very many terrestrial crustaceans, of the family Armadillidiidae, a subgroup of the woodlice, that can roll themselves up into a protective ball.

pillage /ˈpɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ pillages n
pillage
The spoils of war.
The act of pillaging.

pillage /ˈpɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
piller
(ambitransitive) To loot or plunder by force, especially in time of war.

pillager pillagers n
pilleur
A person who pillages.

pillar /ˈpɪlə/ /ˈpɪlɚ/ pillars n
pilier pile
(architecture) A large post, often used as supporting architecture.

pillbox /ˈpɪl bɑːks/ /ˈpɪl bɒks/ pillboxes n
pilulier
A small box in which pills are kept.

pilling pillings n
bouloche
Balls of fibre formed on clothing through usage, often called pill or pills.

pillion /ˈpɪljən/ pillions n
siège passager
(motorcycling) A similar second saddle on a motorcycle for a passenger.

pillock pillocks n
blaireau boulet
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, derogatory, slang) A stupid or annoying person; a simpleton; a fool.

pillory /ˈpɪləɹi/ pillories n
pilori
A framework on a post, with holes for the hands and head, used as a means of punishment and humiliation.

pillory /ˈpɪləɹi/ v
clouer au pilori mettre au pilori
(transitive) To criticize harshly.

pillow /ˈpɛloʊ/ /ˈpɪloʊ/ /ˈpɪləʊ/ pillows n
oreiller coussin têtière
A soft cushion used to support the head in bed.

pillow fight /ˈpɪloʊ ˌfaɪt/ /ˈpɪləʊ ˌfaɪt/ pillow fights n
bataille de polochons bataille d'oreillers combat d'oreillers
A play fight that involves hitting others with pillows.

pillow talk n
confession sur l'oreiller confidence sur l'oreiller
(idiomatic) Conversation shared by bedmates, particularly intimate conversation after or before sexual intercourse.

pillow word pillow words n
makurakotoba mot-oreiller épithète
In Japanese waka poetry, a poetic device where a certain introductory phrase is commonly used to allude to something else.

pillowcase /ˈpɘlɐʉˌkæes/ /ˈpɘlɘˌkæes/ /ˈpɪloʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈpɪləˌkeɪs/ pillowcases n
taie d'oreiller
A washable, easily removable cloth cover for pillows.

pilocyte pilocytes n
pilocyte
(biology) Any cell with prominent external hair-like structures.

pilot /ˈpaɪlət/ pilots n
pilote
A person who knows well the depths and currents of a harbor or coastal area, who is hired by a vessel to help navigate the harbor or coast.
(aviation) A person who is in charge of the controls of an aircraft.
programme pilote
(television) A sample episode of a proposed TV series produced to decide if it should be made or not. If approved, typically the first episode of an actual TV series.

pilot light pilot lights n
veilleuse flamme pilote
A small, persistent flame used to ignite gas.

pilot whale pilot whales n
globicéphale baleine-pilote
Either of two species of whale in the genus Globicephala, dark grey in colour.

piloti pilotis n
pilotis

pimp /pɪmp/ pimps n
souteneur maquereau proxénète mac
Someone who solicits customers for prostitution and acts as manager for a group of prostitutes; a pander.

pimp /pɪmp/ v
maquereauter maquereller prostituer
(intransitive) To act as a procurer of prostitutes; to pander.
prostituer
(transitive) To prostitute someone.

pimp up v
tuner
(informal, transitive) To decorate or prettify in a showy manner.

pimpernel /ˈpɪmpənɛl/ pimpernels n
mouron
Any of various plants of the genus Anagallis, having small red, white or purple flowers, especially the scarlet pimpernel (Anagallis arvensis). [from 15th c.]

pimping /ˈpɪmpɪŋ/ pimpings n
proxénétisme
The practise of managing and hiring out prostitutes.

pimple /ˈpɪmp(ə)l/ pimples n
bouton pustule
(dermatology) An inflamed (raised and colored) spot on the surface of the skin that is usually painful and fills with pus.
casse-couilles
(slang) An annoying person.

pin /pɪn/ [pʰɪn] pins n
épingle
A needle without an eye (usually) made of drawn-out steel wire with one end sharpened and the other flattened or rounded into a head, used for fastening.
goupille
A cylinder often of wood or metal used to fasten or as a bearing between two parts.
quille
A slender object specially designed for use in a specific game or sport, such as skittles or bowling.
patte
(informal, in plural) A leg.
broche pin's épinglette
(US) A simple accessory that can be attached to clothing with a pin or fastener, often round and bearing a design, logo or message, and used for decoration, identification or to show political affiliation, etc.
clouage
(chess) Either a scenario in which moving a lesser piece to escape from attack would expose a more valuable piece to being taken instead, or one where moving a piece is impossible as it would place the king in check.

pin /pɪn/ [pʰɪn] v
épingler
(often followed by a preposition such as "to" or "on") To fasten or attach (something) with a pin.
clouer
(chess, usually, in the passive) To cause (a piece) to be in a pin.

pin-up pin-ups n
pin-up
A photograph, printed in a magazine or other publication, of a sexually attractive person (often nude or provocatively dressed), and intended to be removed and pinned up on a wall.
(often, attributive) The person so depicted.

pinafore /ˈpɪ.nəˌfɔ(ɹ)/ pinafores n
tablier
A sleeveless dress, often similar to an apron, generally worn over other clothes, and most often worn by young girls as an overdress.

pinball /ˈpɪnˌbɔːl/ pinballs n
flipper
(games) A game, played on a device with a sloping base, in which the player operates a spring-loaded plunger to shoot a ball, between obstacles, and attempts to hit targets and score points.
bille
The ball used in pinball.

pinball machine pinball machines n
machine à boule
(This entry is a translation hub.) A machine specially built to be used to play games of pinball.

pince-nez /pænsˈneɪ/ /pæ̃sˈneɪ/ pince-nez n
pince-nez lorgnon
temple-less eyeglasses that clip to the bridge of the nose

pincer attack pincer attacks n
mouvement en tenaille
(military) An attack in which two or more forces attack from multiple sides at once.

pincers /ˈpɪnsəɹz/ n
tenaille pinces
A gripping tool, pivoted like a pair of scissors, but with blunt jaws.
pinces
The front claws of crustaceans such as lobsters.

pinch /pɪnt͡ʃ/ pinches n
pincement
The action of squeezing a small amount of a person's skin and flesh, making it hurt.
pincée
A small amount of powder or granules, such that the amount could be held between fingertip and thumb tip.

pinch /pɪnt͡ʃ/ v
pincer
To squeeze a small amount of a person's skin and flesh, making it hurt.
(horticulture) To cut shoots or buds of a plant in order to shape the plant, or to improve its yield.
chiper pincer
(figurative) To cramp; to straiten; to oppress; to starve.

pinch of salt pinches of salt n
pincée de sel prendre avec des pincettes
A small amount of salt.

pincushion /ˈpɪnˌkʊʃ(ə)n/ /ˈpɪnˌkʊʃn̩/ pincushions n
pelote à épingles pique-aiguille
(sewing) A device, originally like a small, stuffed cushion, designed to have sewing pins and needles stuck into it to store them safely; some modern pincushions hold the objects magnetically.

pine /paɪn/ pines n
pin
(countable, uncountable) Any coniferous tree of the genus Pinus.
(uncountable) The wood of this tree.

pine /paɪn/ v
languir
(intransitive) To long, to yearn so much that it causes suffering.

pine bunting pine buntings n
bruant à calotte blanche
Emberiza leucocephalos, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

pine grosbeak pine grosbeaks n
durbec des sapins
Pinicola enucleator, a large member of the true finch family, Fringillidae.

pine marten pine martens n
martre des pins
A species of marten native to Northern Europe, Martes martes.

pine nut /ˈpaɪn ˌnʌt/ pine nuts n
pignon pigne pignon de pin
The edible seed of any of several species of evergreen pine, especially Pinus pinea, Pinus cembra, and Pinus cembroides.

pineal gland /ˈpaɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ /ˈpɪ.niːəl ˌɡlænd/ pineal glands n
glande pinéale
(anatomy, neuroanatomy) A small, pinecone-shaped endocrine gland found near the centre of the brain that produces melatonin.

pineapple /ˈpaɪnæpəl/ /ˈpaɪnəpəl/ /ˌpaɪnˈæpəl/ pineapples n
ananas
(uncountable) The flesh of a pineapple fruit used as a food item.
(slang) An Australian fifty dollar note.
A decorative carving of a pineapple fruit used as a symbol of hospitality.
(slang) A hand grenade. (From the similarity to the shape of a pineapple fruit.)

pinecone pinecones n
pomme de pin cône de pin cône aval-pin babet carotte de pin
A seed-bearing conical fruit of a pine tree.

pinene pinenes n
pinène
(organic compound) Either of two isomeric bicyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons that are the principal components of pine resin

pinesap pinesaps n
monotrope sucepin
A myco-heterotroph (Monotropa hypopitys), formerly thought to be a saprophyte, having racemes of drooping flowers.

pinewood pinewoods n
pinède
(countable) A forest or grove of pine trees, either natural or as a plantation

pinhead /ˈpɪn.hɛd/ pinheads n
tête d'épingle
The head of a pin. (Frequently used in size comparisons.)

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinker pinkest adj
rose
Having a colour between red and white; pale red.

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] pinks n
rose
Pale red.
œillet
(color) A colour reminiscent of pinks, the flowers. [from 17th c.]

pink /pɪŋk/ [pʰɪŋk] v
pétiller
Of a motor car, to emit a high "pinking" noise, usually as a result of ill-set ignition timing for the fuel used (in a spark ignition engine).

pink jersey pink jerseys n
maillot rose
(cycling) A pink shirt worn by the leader in the Giro d'Italia.

pink salmon pink salmon pink salmons n
saumon à bosse
A Pacific salmon of species Oncorhynchus gorbuscha

pink shrimp pink shrimp pink shrimps n
crevette nordique
A species of shrimp found in cold parts of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (Pandalus borealis).

pink-footed goose pink-footed geese n
oie à bec court
Anser brachyrhynchus, a goose that breeds in Greenland, Iceland, etc.

pinken v
rosir
(intransitive) To become pink.
(transitive) To make pink.
rougir
(intransitive) To blush.

pinkish /ˈpɪŋkɪʃ/ more pinkish most pinkish adj
rosâtre
Somewhat pink.

pinko /pɪŋkoʊ/ /pɪŋkəʊ/ pinkoes pinkos n
rose
(informal, often, derogatory, chiefly, US) A socialist, particularly one who is not wholly communist. [from mid-1930s]

pinna /ˈpɪnə/ pinnae pinnas n
pavillon pavillon de l’oreille
(anatomy) The visible part of the ear that resides outside of the head, the auricle; outer ear excluding the ear canal.

pinnacle /ˈpɪnəkəl/ pinnacles n
cime
The highest point.
pic
(geology) A tall, sharp and craggy rock or mountain.
pinacle
(architectural element) An upright member, generally ending in a small spire, used to finish a buttress, to constitute a part in a proportion, as where pinnacles flank a gable or spire.

pinnate /pɪnˈneɪt/ more pinnate most pinnate adj
penné
(botany) Having two rows of branches, lobes, leaflets, or veins arranged on each side of a common axis

pinnatisect adj
pennatiséqué
(botany, of leaves) Having lobes with incisions that extend almost, or up to midrib.

pinniped pinnipeds n
pinnipède
Any of various large marine mammals belonging to the superfamily (formerly considered a suborder) Pinnipedia comprising walruses, eared seals and earless seals.

pinocytosis n
micropinocytose pinocytose
(biology) A form of endocytosis in which material enters a cell through its membrane and is incorporated in vesicles for digestion.

pinpoint /ˈpɪnpɔɪnt/ v
identifier localiser
(transitive) To identify or locate (someone or something) precisely or with great accuracy.

pins and needles n
avoir des fourmis dans les jambes fourmis
(informal) A tingling or prickling sensation, felt in a limb when a nerve compression is relieved and in other situations.

pint /paɪnt/ pints n
chopine
16 US fluid ounces [473 millilitres] for liquids (a US liquid pint) or
A unit of volume, equivalent to:
chopine de lait
(British, metonym) A pint of milk.
cannette pinte sérieux
(UK, metonymy) A glass of beer or cider, served by the pint.

pintle /ˈpɪntəl/ pintles n
broche tige
(nautical) A pin or bolt, usually vertical, which acts as a pivot for a hinge or a rudder.

pinwheel pinwheels n
moulin à vent moulinet
An artificial flower with a stem, usually plastic, for children: the flower spins round in the wind, like a small paper windmill.

pinworm pinworms n
oxyure
Any of several nematode worms, of the family Oxyuridae, that are parasitic to mammals

pion /ˈpaɪɒn/ pions n
pion
(particle) Any of three semistable mesons, having positive, negative or neutral charge, composed of up and down quarks/antiquarks.

pioneer /ˌpaɪ.əˈniɹ/ /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /ˌpaɪ.əˈnɪɹ/ pioneers n
pionnier pionnière
One who goes before, as into the wilderness, preparing the way for others to follow.
pionnier
(obsolete, military) A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances; a sapper.
(Communism) A member of a children’s organization operated by the Communist Party, typically in the second of three stages toward becoming an member of the Party itself.

pioneer species pioneer species n
espèce pionnière
A hardy species that is among the first to colonize a previously disrupted or damaged ecosystem.

pioneering adj
novateur pionnier
Involving accomplishments or activities that have not been done before, or developing or using new methods or techniques.

pionic adj
pionique
(physics) Of, pertaining to, or composed of pions.

pious /ˈpaɪəs/ more pious most pious adj
pieux
Of or pertaining to piety, exhibiting piety, devout, god-fearing.

piously more piously most piously adv
pieusement
in a pious manner

pip /pɪp/ pips n
pépie
Any of various respiratory diseases in birds, especially infectious coryza. [from the 15th c.]
pépin
(obsolete) A pippin, seed of any kind.
point
One of the spots or symbols on a playing card, domino, die, etc.
top
One of a series of very short, electronically produced tones, used, for example, to count down the final few seconds before a given time or to indicate that a caller using a payphone needs to make further payment to continue the call.

pip-squeak pip-squeaks n
foutriquet
A small and insignificant person.

pipe /paɪp/ pipes n
barre barre verticale pipe tube
The key or sound of the voice. [from 16th c.]
(lacrosse) One of the goalposts of the goal.
(computing, typography) The character |. [from 20th c.]
cornemuse
(musical instrument) A wind instrument consisting of a tube, often lined with holes to allow for adjustment in pitch, sounded by blowing into the tube. [from 10th c.]
tuyau conduit
A rigid tube that transports water, steam, or other fluid, as used in plumbing and numerous other applications. [from 10th c.]

pipe cleaner pipe cleaners n
chenillette nettoie-pipe cure-pipe
A piece of flexible wire in which tufted fabric is twisted and which is used to clean out the stem of a tobacco pipe or other narrow tube. It can be also used for arts and crafts

pipe cutter pipe cutters n
coupe-tube
A hand-held tool used by plumbers to cut pipe.

pipe dream pipe dreams n
rêve chimérique chimère
(idiomatic) A plan, desire, or idea that will not likely work; a near impossibility.

pipe wrench pipe wrenches n
clé serre tube
An adjustable wrench (British spanner) with a toothed jaw for gripping pipe, frequently used by a plumber or pipe fitter, to loosen and tighten pipes with threaded connections.

pipefish pipefish pipefishes n
syngnathe
A small fish of subfamily Syngnathinae in the seahorse family, having a long thin body covered with partially ossified plates, the head long, and the jaws elongated so as to form a tubular snout.

pipefitter pipefitters n
tuyauteur
An industrial tradesman who installs and maintains piping systems.

pipeline /ˈpaɪpˌlaɪn/ pipelines n
pipeline
A conduit made of pipes used to convey water, gas or petroleum etc.

pipette /paɪˈpɛt/ /pɪˈpɛt/ pipettes n
pipette
(sciences) A small tube, often with an enlargement or bulb in the middle, and usually graduated, used for transferring or delivering measured quantities of a liquid. [from 19th c.]

pipistrelle /pɪpɪˈstɹɛl/ pipistrelles n
pipistrelle
Any of various species of bats of the genus Pipistrellus.

pipit /ˈpɪpɪt/ pipits n
pipit
Any of various small passerine birds, mainly from the genus Anthus, that are often drab, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

piquant /piːˈkɑːnt/ /ˈpiːkwənt/ /ˈpiːkənt/ /ˈpiːˌkɑːnt/ more piquant most piquant adj
piquant
Favorably stimulating to the palate; pleasantly spicy; tangy. [from 17th c.]

piquet /pɪˈkeɪ/ /pɪˈkɛt/ n
piquet
(card games) A game of cards for two people, with thirty-two cards, all the deuces, threes, fours, fives, and sixes being set aside.

piquette piquettes n
piquette
A drink of marc and water.

piracy /ˈpaɪɹəsi/ piracies n
piraterie piratage
(nautical) Robbery at sea, a violation of international law; taking a ship away from the control of those who are legally entitled to it.
piratage
The unauthorized duplication of goods protected by intellectual property law.

piranha /pɪˈɹæn(j)ə/ /pɪˈɹɑn(j)ə/ /pɪˈɹɑːn(j)ə/ piranha piranhas n
piranha
(ichthyology) Any of the carnivorous or frugivorous freshwater fish living in South American rivers and belonging to the subfamily Serrasalminae.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ more pirate most pirate adj
piraté
Illegally imitated or reproduced, said of a trademarked product or copyrighted work, or of the counterfeit itself.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ pirates n
pirate corsaire boucanier flibustier
A criminal who plunders at sea; commonly attacking merchant vessels, though often pillaging port towns.
pirate
(by extension) One who breaks intellectual property laws by reproducing protected works without permission.

pirate /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹət/ /ˈpaɪ̯(ə)ɹɪt/ v
pirater
(transitive) To appropriate by piracy; to plunder at sea.
(transitive, intellectual property) To create and/or sell an unauthorized copy of.

pirate ship /ˈpaɪ.ɹət ˌʃɪp/ pirate ships n
bateau pirate
Any ship manned by pirates, especially a large wooden sailing ship armed with cannons and flying a Jolly Roger, as stereotyped in literature and film.

pirog pirogen pirogi pirogn pirogs n
pirog
A baked case of dough with a sweet or savoury filling, popular in Eastern Europe.

pirouette /ˌpɪ.ɹuːˈɛt/ /ˌpɪ.ɹəˈwɛt/ /ˌpɪ.ɹʊˈɛt/ pirouettes n
pirouette
A whirling or turning on the toes in dancing, primarily in ballet.

pirozhki /pɪˈɹɒʃkɪ/ /pɪˈɹɒʒkɪ/ pirozhki pirozhkis n
pirojki
Small pastries filled with finely chopped meat, vegetables or fruit baked or fried, from eastern European cuisine, or a serving of these.

piscicultural /pɪsɪˈkʌltʃəɹəl/ more piscicultural most piscicultural adj
piscicole
Pertaining to pisciculture.

pisciculture /ˈpɪsɪˌkʌlt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ piscicultures n
pisciculture
The rearing or cultivation of fish.

pisciform more pisciform most pisciform adj
pisciforme

piscine /ˈpaɪsaɪn/ /ˈpaɪsin/ /ˈpɪsaɪn/ /ˈpɪsin/ /ˈpɪskaɪn/ /ˈpɪsɪn/ adj
ichthyique
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of fish; ichthyic.

piscivorous /pɪˈsɪvəɹəs/ more piscivorous most piscivorous adj
piscivore ichtyophage
(chiefly, of birds) That feeds on fish; fish-eating.

pisiform bone pisiform bones n
os pisiforme
(anatomy) A small knobbly, pea-shaped sesamoid bone of the wrist.

piss /pɪs/ pisses n
pisse pipi urine
(somewhat vulgar, slang, usually, _, uncountable) Urine. [from 14th c.]
pisse
(somewhat, vulgar, slang, countable, _, and, _) Alcoholic beverage, especially of inferior quality. [from 20th c.]

piss /pɪs/ v
pisser

piss it down v
pleuvoir comme vache qui pisse
(slang, vulgar) To rain heavily; piss down.

piss off v
se casser se barrer se tirer
(Commonwealth, idiomatic, intransitive, vulgar, colloquial) To leave, to go away. [from mid-20th c.]
casser les couilles faire chier emmerder péter les couilles
(idiomatic, transitive, vulgar, colloquial) To annoy, anger.

piss oneself v
se pisser dessus
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To wet oneself.
pisser dans sa culotte pisser dans son froc
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To be very scared (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Commonwealth, slang, vulgar) To laugh uncontrollably (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bladder).

pissaladière /ˌpisɑlɑdˈjɛɹ/ /ˌpɪsaladˈjɛː/ pissaladières n
pissaladière
A pie from southern France, similar to pizza, without tomatoes or cheese, usually topped with onions, anchovies and black olives.

pissasphalt n
pissasphalte
(mineral) A soft, black, tarry bitumen, intermediate between petroleum and asphalt.

pissed /pɪst/ more pissed most pissed adj
furax
(originally, US, Canada, mildly, _, vulgar, colloquial) Annoyed, angry.

pissed as a newt adj
bourré comme un coing
(slang, simile) Drunk to the point of incapacity; inebriated.

pisser /ˈpɪsə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɪsɚ/ pissers n
pisseur pisseuse
(mildly, _, vulgar) One who pisses.

pissing contest pissing contests n
concours de bite
(vulgar, slang) A pointless competition, dispute or conflict, often over some trivial matter.

pistachio /pɪsˈtæʃi.əʊ/ /pɪsˈtæʃioʊ/ /pɪsˈtɑʃioʊ/ pistachioes pistachios n
pistache pistachier
The nutlike fruit of this tree.

pistachio green adj
vert pistache

piste /piːst/ /pɪst/ pistes n
pista planche
(fencing) The field of play of a fencing match.

pistil pistils n
pistil
(botany) A discrete organ in the center of a flower capable of receiving pollen and producing a fruit, it is divided into an ovary, style and stigma. [from 18th c.]

pistol /ˈpɪstəl/ pistols n
pistolet
A handgun[1570s]
A creative and unpredictable jokester, a constant source of entertainment and surprises.

piston /ˈpɪstən/ pistons n
piston
A solid disk or cylinder that fits inside a hollow cylinder, and moves under pressure (as in an engine) or displaces fluid (as in a pump)
(music) A valve device in some brass instruments for changing the pitch

piston engine piston engines n
moteur à explosion
Any of several types of engine having cylinders containing reciprocating pistons, in which a crankshaft is turned by pistons moving up and down within cylinders; many internal combustion engines and many steam engines have such a mechanism.

pit /pɪt/ [pʰɪʔt] pits n
noyau pépin
A seed inside a fruit; a stone or pip inside a fruit.
puits stand
(motor racing) An area at a racetrack used for refueling and repairing the vehicles during a race.
fosse
(music) A section of the marching band containing mallet percussion instruments and other large percussion instruments too large to march, such as the tam tam. Also, the area on the sidelines where these instruments are placed.
Formerly, that part of a theatre, on the floor of the house, below the level of the stage and behind the orchestra; now, in England, commonly the part behind the stalls; in the United States, the parquet; also, the occupants of such a part of a theatre.

pit /pɪt/ [pʰɪʔt] v
dénoyauter épépiner
(transitive) To remove the stone from a stone fruit or the shell from a drupe.
opposer
(transitive) To bring (something) into opposition with something else.

pit bull terrier pit bull terriers n
pitbull
A medium-sized dog historically bred for dogfighting.

pit viper pit vipers n
crotale
Any of various venomous snakes, of the subfamily Crotalinae, found in Asia and the Americas, with a deep pit or fossa on either side of the head that enables them to detect prey by infrared.

pita /ˈpiːtə/ /ˈpɪtə/ pitas n
pita
A piece of pita bread; a flat bread pouch used for making sandwiches such as gyros or falafels.

pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ pitches n
poix résine sève
A sticky, gummy substance secreted by trees; sap.
jet tir
A throw; a toss; a cast, as of something from the hand.
hauteur
(music, phonetics) The perceived frequency of a sound or note.
(music) The standard to which a group of musical instruments are tuned or in which a piece is performed, usually by reference to the frequency to which the musical note A above middle C is tuned.
poix brai
A dark, extremely viscous material remaining in still after distilling crude oil and tar.
lancer
(baseball) The act of pitching a baseball.
terrain jet tir
(sports, UK, Australia, NZ) The field on which cricket, soccer, rugby, gridiron or field hockey is played. (In cricket, the pitch is in the centre of the field; see cricket pitch.) (Not often used in the US or Canada, where "field" is the preferred word.)
argument laïus promotion présentation
An effort to sell or promote something.
pas écartement
The distance between evenly spaced objects, e.g. the teeth of a saw or gear, the turns of a screw thread, the centres of holes, or letters in a monospace font.
angle inclinaison pente
The angle at which an object sits.
tangage
The rotation angle about the transverse axis.
tangage assiette
(nautical, aviation) The degree to which a vehicle, especially a ship or aircraft, rotates on such an axis, tilting its bow or nose up or down. Compare with roll, yaw, and heave.
emplacement
An area in a market (or similar) allocated to a particular trader.
niveau
A level or degree, or (by extension) , a peak or highest degree.
extremum
A point or peak; the extreme point of elevation or depression.
taille
(now, _, British, regional) A person's or animal's height.
puits
(caving) A vertical cave passage, only negotiable by using rope or ladders.
chute
A descent; a fall; a thrusting down.
descente
The point where a declivity begins; hence, the declivity itself; a descending slope; the degree or rate of descent or slope; slant.

pitch /pɪt͡ʃ/ v
donner la note
(intransitive) To produce a note of a given pitch.
lancer
(transitive, or, intransitive, baseball) To throw (the ball) toward a batter at home plate.
jeter
(transitive) To throw away; discard.
promouvoir
(transitive) To promote, advertise, or attempt to sell.
déclamer
(transitive) To deliver in a certain tone or style, or with a certain audience in mind.
monter
(transitive) To assemble or erect (a tent).
camper monter
(intransitive) To fix or place a tent or temporary habitation; to encamp.
tanguer
(ambitransitive, aviation, or, nautical) To move so that the front of an aircraft or boat goes alternatively up and down.
s'accumuler
(intransitive, Bristol, of snow) To settle and build up, without melting.
arrêter jeter lancer
(intransitive, archaic) To alight; to settle; to come to rest from flight.
arrêter
(with on or upon) To fix one's choice.
chuter tomber
(intransitive) To plunge or fall; especially, to fall forward; to decline or slope.
paver
(transitive) To set, face, or pave (an embankment or roadway) with rubble or undressed stones.
fixer
(transitive) To set or fix (a price or value).

pitch accent pitch accents n
accent de hauteur accent tonal
(phonology) Any of a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a syllable or mora within a word. The placement of this tone or the way it is realized can give different meanings to otherwise similar words.

pitch and toss n
pile ou face
A game played by tossing a coin and calling heads or tails.

pitch pine pitch pines n
pitchpin
Any of various other pine trees from which pitch can be obtained, or which have very resinous wood, including members of species:

pitch-black more pitch-black most pitch-black adj
noir comme poix noir complet noir total nuit noire
Very dark; without light.

pitch-dark adj
noir comme dans un four
Absolutely dark or black; as dark as pitch.

pitchblende /ˈpɪtʃblɛnd/ pitchblendes n
pechblende
(mineral) Naturally-occurring uranium oxide, a variety of the mineral uraninite.

pitched battle pitched battles n
bataille rangée
(military) A battle which opposing forces anticipate and commit to fighting; a sustained, intense and confrontational fight.

pitcher /ˈpɪtʃ.ə/ /ˈpɪt͡ʃ.ɚ/ [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃə] [ˈpɪʔt͡ʃɚ] pitchers n
pichet cruche
A wide-mouthed, deep vessel for holding liquids, with a spout or protruding lip and a handle; a water jug or jar with a large ear or handle.
lanceur lanceuse
(baseball, softball) The player who delivers the ball to the batter.

pitchfork /ˈpɪt͡ʃˌfɔɹk/ pitchforks n
fourche
An agricultural tool comprising a fork with sparse, light tines, attached to a long handle, used for pitching hay (especially loose hay) high up onto a stack (as on a wagon or haystack, or into a haymow).

pitchpole /ˈpɪt͡ʃpoʊl/ v
sancir
(of a boat) To capsize end over end, as in heavy surf.

piteous more piteous most piteous adj
pitoyable
Provoking pity, compassion, or sympathy.

pitfall /ˈpɪtfɔl/ /ˈpɪtfɔːl/ pitfalls n
piège écueil
(figurative) A potential, unsuspected, hidden problem, hazard, or danger that is easily encountered but not immediately obvious.
trappe chausse-trape
(literal) A type of trap consisting of a concealed pit in the ground, which the victim is supposed to fall into and not be able to get out from.

pith /paɪθ/ adj
pi-ième piième π-ième πième
(mathematics) The ordinal form of the number pi (π; approximately 3.14159…).

pith /paɪθ/ piths n
pi-ième piième π-ième πième
(mathematics) One divided by pi, that is, \frac{1}{\pi} (approximately 0.31831…).

pith /pɪθ/ piths n
moelle
The soft, spongy substance inside plant parts; specifically, the parenchyma in the centre of the roots and stems of many plants and trees.
moelle cœur
The essential or vital part of something; the essence.

pithiatic more pithiatic most pithiatic adj
pithiatique
Pertaining to pithiatism

pithiatism pithiatisms n
pithiatisme
(psychology) A form of hysteria that can be cured by persuasive suggestion.

pithy /ˈpɪθi/ pithier pithiest adj
bref laconique sommaire succinct
Concise and meaningful.
moelleux
Of, like, or abounding in pith; spongy or having small holes or pits.

pitiable /ˈpɪti.əbəl/ more pitiable most pitiable adj
pitoyable
That deserves, evokes or can be given pity; pitiful.

pitiful /ˈpɪt.ɪ.fl̩/ pitifuller pitifullest adj
pitoyable
So appalling or sad that one feels or should feel sorry for it; eliciting pity.

pitiless /ˈpɪtɪləs/ more pitiless most pitiless adj
impitoyable
having, or showing, no pity; merciless, ruthless

pitot tube pitot tubes n
tube de Pitot
(aviation) A pressure measuring instrument used to measure fluid flow velocity, especially used to determine the airspeed of an aircraft.

pittance /ˈpɪtəns/ [ˈpʰɪʔn̩s] pittances n
pitance
A small allowance of food and drink; a scanty meal.

pitter pitters n
dénoyauteur
A device that removes pits from fruit such as olives or cherries.

pituitary /pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ /pɪˈtuɪˌtɛɹi/ /pɪˈt͡ʃuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
hypophysaire pituitaire
(anatomy) Of or relating to the pituitary gland.

pituitary /pɪˈtjuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ /pɪˈtuɪˌtɛɹi/ /pɪˈt͡ʃuːɪt(ə)ɹi/ pituitaries n
hypophyse
(anatomy) The pituitary gland together with the pituitary stalk.

pituitary body pituitary bodies n
corps pituitaire
The controlling gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain.

pituitary gland pituitary glands n
hypophyse glande pituitaire
(anatomy) An endocrine gland, about the size of a pea, that sits in a small, bony cavity at the base of the brain whose secretions control the other endocrine glands and influence growth, metabolism, and maturation.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ pities n
pitié compassion
(uncountable) A feeling of sympathy at the misfortune or suffering of someone or something.
dommage honte
(countable) Something regrettable.

pity /ˈpɪ.ti/ v
plaindre avoir pitié de

pityriatic adj
pityriasique

pivot /ˈpɪv.ət/ pivots n
pivot
A thing on which something turns; specifically a metal pointed pin or short shaft in machinery, such as the end of an axle or spindle.
pivotement
Act of turning on one foot.

pivot /ˈpɪv.ət/ v
pivoter
(intransitive) To turn on an exact spot.

pivot table pivot tables n
tableau croisé dynamique
(computing) A summary table used for automatic sorting, counting and averaging of the data in another table or spreadsheet.

pivotal /ˈpɪvətəl/ more pivotal most pivotal adj
déterminant central crucial essentiel
Being of crucial importance; central, key.

pixel /ˈpɪksəl/ /ˈpɪksɛl/ pixels n
pixel
One of the tiny dots that make up the representation of an image in a computer's memory.

pixelate v
pixelliser pixéliser pixeliser
To divide an image into pixels, or to display an image in pixels.

pixie /ˈpɪksi/ pixies n
lutin pixie
(mythology, fantasy literature, fairy tales) A playful sprite or elflike or fairy-like creature.

pizza /ˈpiːt.sə/ [ˈpʰit.sə] pizzas pizze n
pizza
(uncountable) A baked Italian dish of a thinly rolled bread crust typically topped before baking with tomato sauce, cheese, and other ingredients such as meat or vegetables.
(countable) A single instance of this dish.

pizza cutter pizza cutters n
coupe-pizza
A wheel-bladed knife used for cutting pizzas.

pizza poutine n
poutine pizza

pizzamaker pizzamakers n
pizzaïolo
One who makes pizza.

pizzazz /pɪˈzæz/ n
peps
Flair, vitality, or zest; energy; vigor. [from 1930s]

pizzeria /ˌpiːt.səˈɹiː.ə/ pizzerias pizzerie n
pizzeria
A restaurant that bakes and sells pizzas.

pizzicato /ˌpɪtsɪˈkɑːtoʊ/ adv
pizzicato
(music) To be played by plucking the strings instead of using the bow.

pizzle /ˈpɪzl̩/ pizzles n
nerf de bœuf
A baton made from the penis of an ox, once used to beat men and animals.

pièce de résistance /piˈɛs də ɹəˈzɪs.tɑ̃s/ pièces de résistance n
pièce de résistance
A masterpiece; the most memorable accomplishment of one’s career or lifetime.

piñata /pɪnˈjæ.tə/ /pɪnˈjɑː.tə/ piñatas n
piñata
(Latin American culture) A doll or other decorated container that is filled with candy and hit with a hammer or a stick by blindfolded children during birthday parties or other celebrations until the candy falls out.

placard /ˈplæk.ɑɹd/ /ˈplæk.ɑːd/ /ˈplæk.ɚd/ placards n
affiche pancarte
A sheet of paper or cardboard with a written or printed announcement on one side for display in a public place.

placarder placarders n
placardeur
a person who posts bills or puts up placards or posters

placate /pleɪˈkeɪt/ /pləˈkeɪt/ /ˈpleɪkeɪt/ v
apaiser calmer
(transitive) To calm; to bring peace to; to influence someone who was furious to the point that they become content or at least no longer irate.

place /pleɪs/ [pl̥eɪs] places n
place
An open space, particularly a city square, market square, or courtyard.
The position of a contestant in a competition.
place lieu endroit
A location or position in space.

place /pleɪs/ [pl̥eɪs] v
placer mettre poser
(transitive) To put (someone or something) in a specific location.
arriver se placer
(intransitive) To earn a given spot in a competition.
faire
(transitive) To arrange for or to make (a bet).

place mat place mats n
napperon
A protective mat, usually heat-resistant, placed under a single person's tableware (including cutlery) at the dining table.

place of articulation places of articulation n
point d'articulation lieu d'articulation
(phonetics, of a consonant) The point of contact, where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between an active (moving) articulator (typically some part of the tongue) and a passive (stationary) articulator (typically some part of the roof of the mouth).

place of honor places of honor n
place d'honneur
a place for someone who is being honored

place of worship places of worship n
lieu de culte
A place, usually a building such as a church, mosque, synagogue or temple where believers can practise their faith.

place setting place settings n
couvert
Items of cutlery, crockery and glassware, and sometimes a place mat, arranged for a person at a dining table.

placebo /pləˈsi.boʊ/ /pləˈsiː.bəʊ/ placeboes placebos n
placebo
(medicine) A dummy medicine containing no active ingredients; an inert treatment. [from 18th c.]

placebo effect placebo effects n
effet placebo
(pharmacology) The tendency of any medication or treatment, even an inert or ineffective one, to exhibit results simply because the recipient believes that it will work.

placeholder /ˈpleɪsˌhoʊldɚ/ placeholders n
marque substitutive substitut
Something used or included temporarily or as a substitute for something that is not known or must remain generic; that which holds, denotes or reserves a place for something to come later.

placement /ˈpleɪsmənt/ placements n
placement
The act of placing or putting in place; the act of locating or positioning; the state of being placed.

placement test placement tests n
test de positionnement
A test done before a course, to determine the students' level of ability or knowledge.

placename /ˈpleɪsneɪm/ placenames n
toponyme

placenta /pləˈsɛntə/ placentae placentas n
placenta
(botany) In flowering plants, the part of the ovary where ovules develop; in non-flowering plants where the spores develop.

placental adj
placentaire
Of or pertaining to the placenta. [from 18th c.]

placental placentals n
placentaire
Any animal that is a member of the Placentalia

placid /ˈplæs.ɪd/ placider placidest adj
placide
calm and quiet; peaceful; tranquil

placidity /pləˈsɪd.ə.ti/ placidities n
placidité
The state of being placid; peacefulness.

plagal cadence plagal cadences n
cadence plagale
(music) A falling cadence in which a subdominant chord precedes the tonic; especially used in an ending Amen.

plagiarism /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəˌɹɪzm/ plagiarisms n
plagiat
(uncountable) Copying of another person's ideas, text, or other creative work, and presenting it as one's own, especially without permission; plagiarizing.

plagiarize /ˈpleɪd͡ʒi.əɹaɪz/ /ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹaɪz/ v
plagier
(ambitransitive) To use, and pass off as one's own, someone else's writing, speech, ideas, or other intellectual or creative work, especially in an academic context; to commit plagiarism.

plagiotropic more plagiotropic most plagiotropic adj
plagiotrope
(botany) Growing at an oblique or almost horizontal angle

plagiotropism n
plagiotropisme

plague /pleɪɡ/ /plɛɡ/ [pʰl̥eɪɡ] [pʰɫ̥ɛːɡ] plagues n
peste
(often used with the, sometimes capitalized: the Plague) The bubonic plague, the pestilent disease caused by the virulent bacterium Yersinia pestis.
(pathology) An epidemic or pandemic caused by any pestilence, but specifically by the above disease.
fléau plaie calamité
A widespread affliction, calamity or destructive influx, especially when seen as divine retribution.
calamité plaie
(figurative) A grave nuisance, whatever greatly irritates.

plague /pleɪɡ/ /plɛɡ/ [pʰl̥eɪɡ] [pʰɫ̥ɛːɡ] v
affliger
(transitive) To harass, pester or annoy someone persistently or incessantly.

plaice /pleɪs/ plaice plaices n
carrelet plie
Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), commonly found in the North Sea and Irish Sea, with smooth brown skin and red or orange spots.
flétan nain
Hippoglossoides platessoides (American plaice), of the North American Atlantic.

plaid /plad/ /pled/ /plæd/ plaids n
plaid tissu écossais
A length of such material used as a piece of clothing, formerly worn in the Scottish Highlands and other parts of northern Britain and remaining as an item of ceremonial dress worn by members of Scottish pipe bands. [from 16thc.]
motif écossais
The typical chequered pattern of a plaid; tartan. [from 19thc.]

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plainer plainest adj
simple
Ordinary; lacking adornment or ornamentation; unembellished. [from 14th c.]
simple texte
(computing) Containing no extended or nonprinting characters (especially in plain text). [from 20th c.]
uni
Of just one colour; lacking a pattern.
nature
Evident to one's senses or reason; manifest, clear, unmistakable. [from 14th c.]

plain /pleɪn/ [pl̥eɪn] plains n
plaine
An expanse of land with relatively low relief and few trees, especially a grassy expanse.

plain English n
langage clair
English that does not use any jargon or technical or scientific terminology; simple or easily comprehensible words or language.

plain as the nose on one's face adj
clair comme le jour crever les yeux gros comme une maison sauter aux yeux se voir comme le nez au milieu de la figure

plain leaf warbler plain leaf warblers n
pouillot modeste
Phylloscopus neglectus, a species of Old World warbler in the family Phylloscopidae.

plain-winged antshrike plain-winged antshrikes n
batara à ailes unies
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus schistaceus

plainclothes adj
en civil
(usually, of a police officer) Wearing ordinary civilian clothes instead of a uniform, in order to avoid detection.

plainclothes n
vêtements de ville
Ordinary civilian clothes, rather than uniform.

plainly /ˈpleɪnli/ more plainly most plainly plainlier plainliest adv
simplement
In a plain manner; simply; basically.
clairement
Obviously; clearly.

plainsong plainsongs n
plain-chant
(music) A form of monophonic chant in unison using the Gregorian scale, sung in various Christian churches.

plainspoken more plainspoken most plainspoken adj
direct franc

plaintiff /ˈpleɪntɪf/ plaintiffs n
demandeur demandeuse plaignant plaignante
(law, UK, _, historic, otherwise, current) A party bringing a suit in civil law against a defendant; accuser.

plait /pleɪt/ /plæt/ plaits n
pli
A flat fold; a doubling, as of cloth; a pleat.

plan /plæn/ [plɛən] [pʰl̥æn] plans n
schema plan
A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.
plan projet
A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
plan
A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.
forfait mobile
A subscription to a service.

plan /plæn/ [plɛən] [pʰl̥æn] v
projeter planifier
(transitive) To create a plan for.
planifier prévoir avoir l'intention penser
(intransitive) To intend.

planarian planarians n
planaire
Any of various flatworms of the order Tricladida living in marine, freshwater, or terrestrial environments.

planche /plɑːnt͡ʃ/ planches n
planche
(gymnastics) A position where the gymnast is horizontal and face-down, using only the hands as support.

planchet planchets n
flan
A flat disk of metal used as a blank for stamping a coin.

plandemic /plænˈdɛmɪk/ plandemics n
plandémie
(informal, neologism) A proliferation or overabundance of plans, especially plans for a pandemic.

plane /pleɪn/ planer planest adj
plan plat
Of a surface: flat or level.

plane /pleɪn/ planes n
plan
A level or flat surface.
(geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).
A level of existence or development.
rabot
(countable, carpentry) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.
avion
An airplane; an aeroplane.
platane
(countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.

plane /pleɪn/ v
raboter
(transitive, carpentry) To smooth (wood) with a plane.
planer
To glide or soar.

plane angle plane angles n
angle plan
(geometry) An angle formed by two intersecting planes, measured by the angle between two intersecting straight lines that are in respective planes and perpendicular to the intersection of the planes.

plane geometry n
géométrie plane
The study of figures having parts that lie in a singular plane.

planer /ˈpleɪ̯n.ə/ /ˈpleɪ̯n.əɹ/ /ˈpɫeɪ̯n.ɚ/ planers n
raboteuse
(woodworking) A tool which smooths a surface or makes one surface of a workpiece parallel to the tool's bed.
(mechanical engineering) A large machine tool in which the workpiece is traversed linearly (by means of a reciprocating bed) beneath a single-point cutting tool. (Analogous to a shaper but larger and with the workpiece moving instead of the tool.) Planers can generate various shapes, but were most especially used to generate large, accurate flat surfaces. The planer is nowadays obsolescent, having been mostly superseded by large milling machines.

planet /ˈplænət/ /ˈplænɪt/ planets n
planète
(now, historical, or, astrology) Each of the seven major bodies which move relative to the fixed stars in the night sky—the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. [from 14thc.]
(astronomy) A body which is massive enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium (generally resulting in being an ellipsoid) but not enough to attain nuclear fusion and, in IAU usage, which directly orbits a star (or star cluster) and dominates the region of its orbit; specifically, in the case of the Solar system, the eight major bodies of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. [from 2006]

planet gear planet gears n
planétaire
(engineering) An epicyclic gear; the middle gears in a planetary gear system, spun by the central sun gear

planetarium /plænɪˈtɛːɹɪəm/ planetaria planetariums n
planétarium
A display museum in which images of stars and other astronomical phenomena are projected onto a domed ceiling.

planetary /ˈplænəˌtɛri/ /ˈplænɪtri/ /ˈplænɪtəri/ /ˈplænɪˌtɛəri/ adj
planétaire
(astronomy) Of, or relating to planets, or the orbital motion of planets.

planetary gear planetary gears n
train planétaire train épicycloïdal
A system of gears that has a central gear wheel (sun gear) around which others (planet gears) rotate, often within an outer ring.

planetary nebula planetary nebulae planetary nebulas n
nébuleuse planétaire
(astronomy) A nebulosity surrounding a dying red giant, consisting of material expelled by the star.

planetary science n
planétologie
That branch of astronomy that deals with the planets of the solar system.

planetary system planetary systems n
système planétaire

planeto- prefix
planéto-

planetocentric adj
planétocentrique

planetocentric orbit planetocentric orbits n
orbite planétocentrique

planetoid planetoids n
planétoïde
(astronomy, dated) An asteroid of any size

planetology n
planétologie
(astronomy) The study of planets, planetary systems and the solar system.

planform planforms n
forme en plan
(aviation) The shape and layout of a fixed-wing aircraft's fuselage and wing.

plangent /ˈplænd͡ʒənt/ more plangent most plangent adj
retentissant
Having a loud, mournful sound.

planimeter planimeters n
planimètre
An integrating device used to measure the area of an irregular figure via tracing its outline.

planimetric adj
planimétrique

planimetry planimetries n
planimétrie

planipetalous more planipetalous most planipetalous adj
planipétale
(botany) Having flat petals.

planisphere /ˈpleɪ.nɪˌsfɪɚ/ /ˈplæn.ɪˌsfɪɚ/ planispheres n
planisphère
(astronomy) Any of several charts of the celestial sphere having an overlay or window that may be adjusted to show the stars visible at a particular time, or from a particular place

plank /plæŋk/ planks n
planche
A long, broad and thick piece of timber, as opposed to a board which is less thick.
gainage
Physical exercise in which one holds a pushup position for a measured length of time.

plankton /ˈplæŋk.tən/ plankton planktons n
plancton
(uncountable) Organisms, especially small and microscopic ones, that drift in water.

planktonic /plaŋkˈtɒnɪk/ /plæŋkˈtɑnɪk/ adj
planctonique
Of or pertaining to plankton.

planned /plænd/ adj
planifié
Existing or designed according to a plan.

planned economy planned economies n
économie planifiée

planned obsolescence n
obsolescence programmée
A policy of deliberately planning or designing a product with a limited useful life, so it will become obsolete or nonfunctional after a certain period.

planning /ˈplænɪŋ/ plannings n
planification prévision
The act of formulating of a course of action, or of drawing up plans.

planning permission /ˈplænɪŋ pəˈmɪʃən/ /ˈplænɪŋ pɚˈmɪʃən/ planning permissions n
permis de construire
(Britain, construction, law) Legal permission granted by a government authority to construct on one's land, or to change the use of the land. [from mid 1940s]

planogamy n
planogamie

plant /plænt/ /plɑːnt/ [pʰl̥eənt] [pʰl̥ænt] [pʰl̥ɑːnt] plants n
plante herbacée matériel
(botany) An organism that is not an animal, especially an organism capable of photosynthesis. Typically a small or herbaceous organism of this kind, rather than a tree.
matériel végétal plante
(botany) An organism of the kingdom Plantae; now specifically, a living organism of the Embryophyta (land plants) or of the Chlorophyta (green algae), a eukaryote that includes double-membraned chloroplasts in its cells containing chlorophyll a and b, or any organism closely related to such an organism.
végétal plante
(ecology) Now specifically, a multicellular eukaryote that includes chloroplasts in its cells, which have a cell wall.
matériel
(slang, obsolete) A stash or cache of hidden goods.

plant /plænt/ /plɑːnt/ [pʰl̥eənt] [pʰl̥ænt] [pʰl̥ɑːnt] v
planter
(ambitransitive) To place (a seed or plant) in soil or other substrate in order that it may live and grow.
(transitive) To place or set something firmly or with conviction.
placer
(transitive) To place (an object, or sometimes a person), often with the implication of intending deceit.

plant milk plant milks n
lait végétal
Any milk-like drink product that is derived from a plant source.

plant-based adj
végétalien à base de plantes
Based on plants; especially, of a diet, consisting mostly or wholly of foods derived from plants.

plantain /ˈplæn.teɪn/ /ˈplæntɪn/ /ˈplɑːntɪn/ [ˈplaː(n)ʔn̩] plantains n
plantain
A plant of the genus Plantago, with a rosette of sessile leaves about 10 cm (4") long with a narrow part instead of a petiole, and with a spike inflorescence with the flower spacing varying widely among the species. See also psyllium.
banane cochon banane farine banane plantain banane à cuire plantain
The fruit of the plant, usually cooked before eating and used like potatoes.

plantar fascia n
fasce plantaire
The thick connective tissue which supports the arch of the foot.

plantar fasciitis n
fasciite plantaire
A painful inflammation of the plantar fascia.

plantation /plænˈteɪʃən/ plantations n
plantation
A large farm; estate or area of land designated for agricultural growth. Often includes housing for the owner and workers.

planter /ˈplæntə(ɹ)/ /ˈplɑːntə(ɹ)/ planters n
planteur
The owner of a plantation.

plantigrade /ˈplæntəˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˈplæntɪɡɹeɪd/ [ˈpleə̯ɾ̃əˌɡɹeɪ̯d] adj
plantigrade
(zoology) Of an animal: walking with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.

plantigrade /ˈplæntəˌɡɹeɪd/ /ˈplæntɪɡɹeɪd/ [ˈpleə̯ɾ̃əˌɡɹeɪ̯d] plantigrades n
plantigrade
(zoology) A plantigrade animal; an animal that walks with the entire sole of the foot on the ground.

plaque /plak/ /plaːk/ /plæk/ /plɑːk/ [pʰl̥æk] plaques n
plaque
(countable) A piece of flat metal with writing on it, attached to a building, monument, or other structure to remind people of a person or an event.
(uncountable, dentistry) An accumulation of biofilm, or bacteria, on teeth, which may develop into dental calculus (tartar).

plasma /ˈplæzmə/ plasmas plasmata n
plasma
(physics) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas and electrons.
(hematology) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin.

plasma cell plasma cells n
plasmocyte
(immunology) A form of B cell that produces antibodies after having reacted with its specific antigen in follicle centers.

plasma display plasma displays n
écran plasma
A flat-screen display, for television or personal computers, consisting of a matrix of cells filled with an inert, ionized gas; three cells (red, green and blue) constituting a single pixel

plasma globe plasma globes n
boule à plasma
A spherical plasma lamp.

plasma lamp plasma lamps n
lampe à plasma
A kind of gas-discharge lamp: a clear glass container, often an orb, filled with a mixture of various noble gases at low pressure, and driven by high frequency alternating current at high voltage.

plasma protein plasma proteins n
protéine plasmatique
(biochemistry) A protein present in the blood plasma.

plasmatic adj
plasmatique
Of or pertaining to (blood) plasma.

plasmid /ˈplæzmɪd/ plasmids n
plasmide
(cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from and replicates independently of the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.

plasmidic adj
plasmidique

plasmify v
plasmifier
To transform something into plasma.

plasmodesma plasmodesmas plasmodesmata n
plasmodesme
(biology) A microscopic channel traversing the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells, enabling transport and communication between them.

plasmodial adj
plasmodial

plasmogamic adj
plasmogamique

plasmolysis plasmolyses n
plasmolyse
(biology) the shrinking of protoplasm away from the cell wall of a plant or bacterium due to water loss

plasmon /ˈplazmɒn/ plasmons n
plasmon
(physics, astronomy) The quantum of waves produced by the collective effects of large numbers of electrons when disturbed from equilibrium.

plasmonic /plæzˈmɑnɪk/ /plæzˈmɒnɪk/ adj
plasmonique
(physics, nanotechnology) Of or pertaining to plasmons, the quasiparticles resulting from the quantization of plasma oscillations.

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ plasters n
plâtre enduit
(uncountable) A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, sometimes with the addition of fibres, that hardens to a smooth solid and is used for coating walls and ceilings; render, stucco.
plâtre onguent
(countable) A cast made of plaster of Paris and gauze; a plaster cast.

plaster /ˈpla.stə/ /ˈplæs.tɚ/ /ˈplɑː.stə/ v
plâtrer enduire
(transitive) To hide or cover up, as if with plaster; to cover thickly.

plaster of Paris n
plâtre
A hemihydrate of calcium sulfate, made by calcining gypsum, that hardens when moistened and allowed to dry; used to make casts, molds and sculpture.

plasterer plasterers n
plâtrier plâtreur
A person whose occupation is to plaster walls.

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ /ˈplɑːstɪk/ [ˈpʰlæstɪk] more plastic most plastic adj
plastique
Capable of being moulded; malleable, flexible, pliant. [from 17th c.]
Made of plastic. [from 20th c.]

plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ /ˈplɑːstɪk/ [ˈpʰlæstɪk] plastics n
plastique
A synthetic, solid, hydrocarbon-based polymer, whether thermoplastic or thermosetting.
(figurative, slang) insincerity; fakeness, or a person who is fake or arrogant, or believes that they are better than the rest of the population.

plastic art plastic arts n
arts plastiques
An art form which involves physical manipulation of a three-dimensional medium by moulding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics.

plastic bag plastic bags n
cornet sac plastique
A type of packaging made of thin, flexible, plastic film, starch, or plastic textile, used for containing and transporting food, waste, and consumer goods. (This entry is a translation hub.)

plastic surgeon plastic surgeons n
chirurgien plasticien chirurgien plastique chirurgienne plasticienne chirurgienne plastique
A surgeon who performs plastic surgery.

plastic surgery plastic surgeries n
chirurgie plastique chirurgie esthétique
Surgery to repair body parts, especially involving the transfer of tissue.
chirurgie plastique chirurgie esthétique chirurgie cosmétique
Cosmetic surgery for appearance.

plastician /plæsˈtɪʃən/ plasticians n
plasticien plasticienne
Someone or something that transforms or reshapes objects.
artiste plasticien artiste plasticienne plasticien plasticienne
An artist involved with the plastic arts.

plasticity /ˈplæs.tɪs.ɪ.ti/ /ˈplɑːs.tɪs.ɪ.ti/ [ˈplæs.tɪs.ɪ.ɾi] [ˈpʰlæs.tɪs.ɪ.ti] [ˈpʰlæs.tɪs.ɪ.ɾi] plasticities n
plasticité
The quality or state of being plastic.

plastid plastids n
plaste plastide
(cytology) Any of various organelles found in the cells of plants and algae, often concerned with photosynthesis

plastidome plastidomes n
plastidome

plastiglomerate plastiglomerates n
plastiglomérat
(geology) A type of rock with plastic inclusions

plastination plastinations n
plastination
(anatomy) A technique for preserving bodies or body parts by replacing the water and fat with certain plastics.

plat du jour plats du jour n
plat du jour

plate /pleɪt/ [pʰl̥eɪt] plates n
assiette plat
A slightly curved but almost flat dish from which food is served or eaten.
plat
A course at a meal.
plaque
A flat object of uniform thickness.
(engineering, electricity) A flat electrode such as can be found in an accumulator battery, or in an electrolysis tank.
(chemistry) Any flat piece of material such as coated glass or plastic.
plaque plaque d'immatriculation plaque minéralogique
(especially, Australia, ;, metonymy, plurale tantum) Vehicle license plates, registration plates.
armure de plates
(historical) Plate armor.
assiette
A layer of a material on the surface of something, usually qualified by the type of the material; plating
planche
(printing) An engraved surface used to transfer an image to paper.
(printing, photography) An image or copy.
(printing, publishing) An illustration in a book, either black and white, or colour, usually on a page of paper of different quality from the text pages.
dentier
(dentistry) A shaped and fitted surface, usually ceramic or metal that fits into the mouth and in which teeth are implanted; a dental plate.

plate /pleɪt/ [pʰl̥eɪt] v
plaquer
To cover the surface material of an object with a thin coat of another material, usually a metal.

plate tectonics n
tectonique des plaques
(geology) The large-scale movement of tectonic plates that contributes to continental drift.

plateau /plæˈtoʊ/ /ˈplætəʊ/ plateaus plateaux n
plateau
A largely level expanse of land at a high elevation; tableland.

plateau /plæˈtoʊ/ /ˈplætəʊ/ v
stabiliser atteindre plafonner plateau stagner
(intransitive) (of a varying quantity) To reach a stable level after a period of increase; to level off.

plateful platefuls platesful n
assiette assiettée platée
The quantity contained on a plate.

platelet platelets n
thrombocyte plaquette
(hematology, cytology) A small colorless disk-shaped particle found in the blood of mammals, which plays an important role in the formation of blood clots.

platform /ˈplætfɔɹm/ /ˈplætfɔːm/ platforms n
quai podium scène
A raised floor for any purpose, e.g. for workmen during construction, or formerly for military cannon.
plateforme plate-forme
(computing) Ellipsis of computing platform: a particular type of operating system or environment such as a database or other specific software, and/or a particular type of computer or microprocessor, used to describe a particular environment for running other software.

platform edge platform edges n
bordure du quai
A special zone at the edge of the metro platform that passengers are not allowed to enter, except when the vehicle stands still and is available for getting in or out.

platform game platform games n
jeu de platforme
(video game genre) A video game of the genre characterized by jumping (or otherwise moving) to and from suspended platforms or over obstacles.

platform shoe platform shoes n
chaussure à [[plate-forme]] chopine
A type of footwear with very thick soles and heels to make the wearer appear much taller than they actually are.

platiniferous more platiniferous most platiniferous adj
platinifère
yielding, or containing platinum

platinization n
platinage
the process of coating (something) with platinum.

platinize v
platiner
(transitive) To coat with platinum.

platinous adj
platineux
(inorganic chemistry) Containing divalent platinum

platinum /pləˈtaɪn.əm/ /pləˈtiːn.əm/ /pləˈtɪn.əm/ /ˈplæt.nəm/ /ˈplæt.n̩.əm/ /ˈplæt.ɪn.əm/ platinums n
platine
A whitish grey colour, like that of the metal.

platinum blond adj
blond platine platine
Of a silvery blond color.

platinum blond platinum blonds n
blond platine platiné
A silvery blond colour.
blond platine
A person with this hair color.

platinum blonde platinum blondes n
blonde platine
A woman with platinum blonde hair.

platitude /ˈplatɪtjuːd/ /ˈplatɪtʃuːd/ /ˈplætɪt(j)ud/ platitudes n
platitude
(countable) An often-quoted saying that is supposed to be meaningful but has become unoriginal or hackneyed through overuse.
(uncountable) Unoriginality; triteness.

platonic /pləˈtɑnɪk/ /pləˈtɒnɪk/ /pləˈtɔnɪk/ more platonic most platonic adj
platonique
Neither sexual nor romantic in nature; being or exhibiting platonic love.

platonic love platonic loves n
amour platonique
Intimate but non-sexual affection.

platoon /pləˈtuːn/ platoons n
peloton
(military) A unit of thirty to forty soldiers typically commanded by a lieutenant and forming part of a company.

platter platters n
plat plateau
A tray for serving foods.
plateau platine
The hard surface of a turntable on which a gramophone record rests when being played.

platycnemic more platycnemic most platycnemic adj
platycnémique
(anatomy) Of, relating to, or characterized by, platycnemism.

platycone platycones n
platycône

platykurtic /ˌplatɪˈkəːtɪk/ /ˌplædiˈkəɹdɪk/ more platykurtic most platykurtic adj
platykurtique
(statistics) Of a distribution: having kurtosis less than that of a normal distribution; equivalently, having negative excess kurtosis.

platykurtosis /ˌplatɪkəːˈtəʊsɪs/ /ˌplædikəɹˈtoʊsəs/ n
platykurticité
(statistics) The property of having kurtosis less than that of a normal distribution; equivalently, having negative excess kurtosis.

platypus /ˈplætɪpəs/ /ˈplætɪˌpʊs/ platypi platypodes platypus platypuses n
ornithorynque
A semi-aquatic, egg-laying monotreme mammal with a bill resembling that of a duck, that has a mole-like body, a tail resembling that of a beaver, a waterproof pelt, and flat webbed feet – males have poisonous spurs on the inside of the back legs; Ornithorhynchus anatinus.

platyrrhine adj
platyrhinien platyrrhinien
(anatomy) Having a broad, flat nose.

plausible /ˈploː.zɪ.bəl/ /ˈplɑ.zɪ.bəl/ /ˈplɔː.zə.bəl/ /ˈplɔː.zɪ.bəl/ more plausible most plausible adj
plausible
Seemingly or apparently valid, likely, or acceptable; conceivably true or likely.
(obsolete) Worthy of being applauded; praiseworthy; commendable; ready.

plausible deniability n
déni plausible
(politics, business, military, espionage) The organization of clandestine activity in such a way that knowledge of its existence may be denied by those in authority.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] plays n
pièce de théâtre pièce
(countable) A theatrical performance featuring actors.
jeu
(uncountable, informal) Sexual activity or sexual role-playing.

play /pleɪ/ [pʰl̥eɪ̯] v
jouer amuser
(intransitive) To act in a manner such that one has fun; to engage in activities expressly for the purpose of recreation or entertainment.
jouer interpréter jouer (à)
(transitive, intransitive) To perform in (a sport); to participate in (a game).
jouer
(transitive, especially, of a, person) To produce music (or a specified song or musical style) using (a specified musical instrument).
jouer lancer mettre reproduire tourner
(transitive, ergative) To use a device to watch or listen to the indicated recording.

play ball v
au jeu
(baseball, softball) An expression used at the beginning of a game of baseball or softball.

play big v
jouer gros jeu

play by ear v
jouer à l'oreille
(transitive, and, intransitive, of, music) To play guided by one's musical ear, rather than from a written score.
improviser
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To do by guessing, intuition, or trial and error; to react to events as they occur, often with risk of negative outcomes; improvise

play dead v
faire le mort
To lie very still, like a corpse.
To act as though defeated while awaiting a chance to attack.

play doctor v
jouer au docteur
(sexuality, usually of minors) To explore or sexually engage with another person's private parts, particularly in the context of roleplay of a medical nature.

play dumb v
faire l'innocent
(idiomatic, informal) To pretend to be dumb, either:

play gooseberry v
tenir la chandelle
(dated, UK, _, slang) To be an unwanted third party accompanying two lovers, to serve as a chaperon.

play hooky v
faire l'école buissonnière faire le mur
(idiomatic, US) To play truant; to avoid (informally: skip) school, work, or other duties (stay away from these without permission nor an excuse); to skive or to bunk off (UK);

play house v
jouer au papa et à la maman
(children's games) To pretend to be a family in the household, acting out housekeeping and different family roles.

play into someone's hands v
faire le jeu de
To act, or to manage matters, to someone's advantage or benefit.

play it safe v
jouer la carte de la sécurité jouer petit bras
To take a cautious, risk-free approach.

play it straight v
jouer cartes sur table jouer franc jeu
(idiomatic) To behave in a manner that is straightforward, honest, or sincere.

play on words plays on words n
jeu de mots
(idiomatic) A pun, or similar humorous use of language such as a double entendre.

play possum v
faire le mort

play small v
jouer petit bas

play someone like a violin v
jouer du violon

play the fool v
faire l'andouille faire l'idiot faire l'imbécile
(idiomatic) To behave in a foolish or comical manner.
feindre l'ignorance jouer au con
(idiomatic) To pretend or feign ignorance.

play the game v
jouer le jeu
To behave fairly; to abide by the rules.

play the hand one is dealt v
faire avec ce [[qu']]on a faire avec les moyens du bord

play tricks v
jouer des tours jouer un tour
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see play,‎ tricks.
jouer des tours
Of one's eyes, mind, etc.: to deceive or mislead one.

play truant v
sécher faire l'école buissonnière
(intransitive) To be absent from school without permission.

play with fire v
jouer avec le feu
(idiomatic) To put oneself in a precarious situation with a high risk of getting harmed, particularly emotionally or financially.

playability playabilities n
jouabilité
The state or property of being playable.
The quality and enjoyability of a game's gameplay.

playable adj
jouable
Able to be played.
(games) Of a move, giving a reasonable result; able to be played without losing.
(games) Of a game, able to be played and enjoyed.

playback playbacks n
lecture
The replaying of something previously recorded, especially sound or moving images.

playback singer playback singers n
chanteur de playback chanteuse de playback
(singing, cinematography) A singer whose songs are pre-recorded for use in films, especially Bollywood musicals, where actors lip-sync them.

playboy /ˈpleɪbɔɪ/ /ˈpleɪˌbɔɪ/ playboys n
play-boy playboy
A single man, especially a wealthy one, who devotes himself to a life of leisure and pleasure, often sexual, without commitments or responsibilities.

playdate /pleɪ.deɪt/ playdates n
partie de jeu
Any scheduled recreation, especially if not scheduled by those directly involved.

playdough playdoughs n
pâte à modeler
Modeling clay for children.

player /ˈpleɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈpleɪɚ/ players n
acteur actrice comédien comédienne
(theater) An actor in a dramatic play.
gamer gameur gameuse
(gaming, video games) A gamer; a player of video games or similar.
joueur joueuse
One who plays any game or sport.
joueur joueuse musicien musicienne
(music) One who plays on a musical instrument.
joueur joueuse parieur
(gambling) A gambler.
lecteur
(computing) A software application that plays audio and/or video media, such as a media player.
(electronics) An electronic device that plays audio and/or video media.
fainéant fainéante
One who is playful; one without serious aims; an idler; a trifler.

playful /ˈpleɪfəl/ more playful most playful playfuller playfullest adj
joueur enjoué folâtre
liking play, prone to play frequently, such as a child or kitten; rather sportive.

playground /ˈpleɪɡɹaʊnd/ playgrounds n
cour de récréation
aire de jeux terrain de jeu cour de récré cour de récréation
(outdoors) A large open space for children to play in, usually having dedicated play equipment (such as swings and slides). [1780]

playing card playing cards n
carte à jouer
Any of the usually 52 rectangular pieces of card used to play numerous games, featuring either one to 10 pips or a picture and belonging of one of four suits.

playlist /ˈpleɪˌlɪst/ /ˈpɫæɪ̯ˌɫɪst/ playlists n
liste de lecture playlist
(radio) A list of recorded songs scheduled to be played on a radio station.
(computing) A list of tracks or videos to be played in a particular sequence, as from an audio CD or a streaming service.

playmate playmates n
compagnon de jeux
A companion for someone (especially a child) to play with.
playmate
A female who has appeared as the centerfold in Playboy magazine.

playpen playpens n
parc pour bébé parc à bébé
An enclosure in which babies or small children can play.

playsuit playsuits n
combi-short combishort
A one-piece item of clothing for women.

plaything playthings n
joujou
A thing or person intended for playing with.

playwright /ˈpleɪˌɹaɪt/ playwrights n
dramaturge auteur dramatique
A writer and creator of theatrical plays.

plaza /ˈplæzə/ /ˈplɑːzə/ plazas n
place
A town's public square.

plea /pliː/ pleas n
appel supplication
An appeal, petition, urgent prayer or entreaty.

plea bargain plea bargains n
négociation de peine
(US, legal) An agreement in which a defendant agrees to plead guilty to a lesser charge instead of not guilty to a greater one

pleach /plit͡ʃ/ /pliːtʃ/ pleaches n
plessage plessis
An act or result of interweaving; specifically, (horticulture) a hedge or lattice created by interweaving the branches of shrubs, trees, etc.

pleach /plit͡ʃ/ /pliːtʃ/ v
plesser
(transitive) To unite by interweaving, as (horticulture) branches of shrubs, trees, etc., to create a hedge; to interlock, to plash.

plead /pliːd/ /plɛd/ v
plaider
(ambitransitive, copulative) To present (an argument or a plea), especially in a legal case.

pleasant /ˈplɛzənt/ more pleasant most pleasant pleasanter pleasantest adj
agréable plaisant
Giving pleasure; pleasing in manner.

pleasantly /ˈplɛzəntli/ more pleasantly most pleasantly adv
agréablement
In a pleasant manner; so as to achieve a pleasant result.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ adv
s'il vous plaît s'il te plaît S.V.P. prière de veuillez
Used to make a polite request.
allez pitié
An expression of annoyance or impatience.

please /pliz/ /pliːz/ v
plaire
(ambitransitive) To make happy or satisfy; to give pleasure to.

please find attached phraseologicalUnit
veuillez trouver [[ci-joint]] vous trouverez [[ci-joint]]
(formal) The following item or items are attached to this message.

please help me phraseologicalUnit
à l'aide
A request for help.

please pass the salt phraseologicalUnit
passez le sel, s'il vous plait
(This entry is a translation hub.)

please repeat after me phraseologicalUnit
répétez après moi, s'il vous plaît
A request for the interlocutor to repeat what the speaker says next. Often used in language training.

please say that again phraseologicalUnit
répétez, s'il vous plaît
Used as request for the interlocutor to repeat what he or she said previously.

please sit down phraseologicalUnit
asseoir
Offering a seat to somebody.

please speak more slowly phraseologicalUnit
parlez plus lentement, s'il vous plaît
Used to ask the interlocutor to speak more slowly.

please turn left phraseologicalUnit
tournez à gauche, s'il vous plaît
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn left.

please turn right phraseologicalUnit
tournez à droite, s'il vous plaît
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should turn right.

pleased /pliːzd/ more pleased most pleased adj
satisfait content
happy, content

pleased to meet you phraseologicalUnit
enchanté enchantée ravi de vous rencontrer
A polite formula used when being introduced to somebody.

pleasing /ˈplizɪŋ/ /ˈpliːzɪŋ/ more pleasing most pleasing adj
plaisant
Agreeable; giving pleasure, cheer, enjoyment or gratification.

pleasurable /ˈplɛʒəɹəbəl/ more pleasurable most pleasurable adj
agréable plaisant
That gives pleasure

pleasure /ˈplɛʒə/ /ˈplɛʒɚ/ pleasures n
plaisir
(uncountable) A state of being pleased or contented; gratification.
(countable) A person, thing or action that causes enjoyment.
volupté
(uncountable) Sexual enjoyment.
désir
(uncountable) One's preference.

pleasure craft pleasure craft n
bateau de plaisance
A boat used for recreational activities, such as sport fishing or touring.

pleasure principle n
principe de plaisir
(psychology, psychoanalysis, Freudianism, often hyphenated when used attributively) The principle that human decisions and behavior are strongly motivated by the instinctual desire of the id, arising in infancy, to experience pleasure and avoid pain.

pleat /pliːt/ pleats n
pli
(sewing) A fold in the fabric of a garment, usually a skirt, as a part of the design of the garment, with the purpose of adding controlled fullness and freedom of movement, or taking up excess fabric. There are many types of pleats, differing in their construction and appearance.

pleat /pliːt/ v
plisser
(transitive) To form one or more pleats in a piece of fabric or a garment.

pleated /ˈpliːtɪd/ adj
plissé
Having pleats.

plebeian /pliˈbiːən/ /plɛˈbiːən/ more plebeian most plebeian adj
plébéien
(historical) Of or concerning the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome.

plebeian /pliˈbiːən/ /plɛˈbiːən/ plebeians n
plébéien
(historical, Ancient Rome) A member of the plebs, the common citizens of ancient Rome.

plebiscitary adj
plébiscitaire
Of or pertaining to a plebiscite.

plebiscite /-sɪt/ /ˈplɛbəˌsaɪt/ /ˈplɛbɪsaɪt/ plebiscites n
plébiscite
(law, politics) A direct popular vote on an issue of public importance, such as an amendment to the constitution, a change in the sovereignty of the nation, or some government policy.

plebs /plɛbz/ n
plèbe
The common people, especially (pejorative) the mob.

plectrum /ˈplɛk.tɹəm/ plectra plectrums n
médiator plectre onglet pick
(music) A small piece of plastic, metal, ivory, etc., for plucking the strings of a guitar, lyre, mandolin, etc.

pledge /plɛd͡ʒ/ pledges n
serment
A solemn promise to do something.
gage
(law) A bailment of personal property to secure payment of a debt without transfer of title.

pledge /plɛd͡ʒ/ v
promettre
To make a solemn promise (to do something).
mettre en gage
To deposit something as a security; to pawn.

pleiotropic more pleiotropic most pleiotropic adj
pléiotropique
Of or pertaining to pleiotropy.

plenary /ˈpliːnəɹi/ /ˈplɛnəɹi/ more plenary most plenary adj
plénier
Fully attended; for everyone's attendance.

plenary indulgence plenary indulgences n
indulgence plénière
(Roman Catholicism) An indulgence that remits all of a person’s sins, and thus the whole of their time in purgatory.

plenary session plenary sessions n
séance plénière session plénière
A session of a conference or other meeting at which all members are expected to be present.

plenipotentiary /plɛn.ɪ.poʊˈtɛn.ʃ(i)əɹ.i/ /plɛn.ɪ.pəˈtɛn.ʃi.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃi.əɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃəɹ.i/ adj
plénipotentiaire
Invested with full power.

plenipotentiary /plɛn.ɪ.poʊˈtɛn.ʃ(i)əɹ.i/ /plɛn.ɪ.pəˈtɛn.ʃi.ɛɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃi.əɹ.i/ /ˌplɛn.ɪ.pəʊˈtɛn.ʃəɹ.i/ plenipotentiaries n
plénipotentiaire
A person invested with full powers, especially as the diplomatic agent of a sovereign state, (originally) charged with handling a certain matter. [from c. 1645]

plenitude /ˈplɛnɪtjuːd/ plenitudes n
plénitude
Fullness; completeness. [from 15th c.]
An abundance; a full supply. [from 17th c.]

plenoptic adj
plénoptique
(optics) Of or relating to all the light, travelling in every direction, in a given space.

plentiful /ˈplɛntɪfl̩/ more plentiful most plentiful plentifuler plentifulest plentifuller plentifullest adj
abondant copieux ample
Existing in large number or ample amount.

plenty /ˈplɛnti/ [ˈplɛni] [ˈplɛɾ̃i] [ˈplɪni] [ˈplɪɾ̃i] plenties n
abondance
A more-than-adequate amount.

pleonasm /ˈpliː.əˌnæz.əm/ pleonasms n
pléonasme
(uncountable, rhetoric) Redundancy in wording.
(countable) A phrase involving pleonasm; a phrase containing one or more words which are redundant because their meaning is expressed elsewhere in the phrase.

pleonastic /ˌpliː.əˈnæs.tɪk/ more pleonastic most pleonastic adj
pléonastique
(uncomparable) Of, or relating to pleonasm.

pleophony n
pléophonie
(phonology) The phenomenon by which the Late Proto-Slavic "liquid diphthongs", formed from a vowel followed by a liquid *r or *l, become disyllabic -oro-, -ere- and -olo- reflexes in East Slavic languages.

pleroma /pləˈɹoʊmə/ pleromas n
plérôme
(botany) The central portion of the primary meristem.

plesiosaur /ˈpliːsiəsɔːɹ/ plesiosaurs n
plésiosaure
Any of several extinct marine reptiles, of the order †Plesiosauria, from the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [from c. 1840]

plethora /plɪˈθɔːɹə/ /ˈplɛðəɹə/ /ˈplɛθəɹə/ plethorae plethoras n
pléthore
(usually, followed by of) An excessive amount or number; an abundance.

plethorically /pləˈθɔɹək(ə)li/ /plɛˈθɒɹɪkli/ /plɪ-/ more plethorically most plethorically adv
pléthoriquement
In a plethoric manner: excessively, overabundantly. [from 1804]

pleura /ˈplʊə.ɹə/ /ˈplʊɹ.ə/ pleurae n
plèvre
(anatomy) Each of a pair of smooth serous membranes which line the thorax and envelop the lungs in humans and other mammals.

pleural cavity pleural cavities n
plèvre
(anatomy) The part of the thoracic cavity that surrounds the lungs and is enclosed by the pleurae.

pleurisy /ˈpljʊəɹɪsi/ /ˈplʊəɹɪsi/ pleurisies n
pleurésie
(pathology) Inflammation of lung pleura.

plexiglass plexiglasses n
plexiglas
polymethyl methacrylate (polymer of methyl methacrylate), a tough transparent plastic used sometimes in lieu of glass.

pleximeter pleximeters n
plessimétre
(medicine) A small, hard, elastic plate, as of ivory, bone, or rubber, placed in contact with the body to receive the blow, in examination by mediate percussion.

plexus /ˈplɛk.səs/ plexi plexus plexuses n
plexus
(anatomy) A network of anastomosing or interwoven nerves, blood vessels, or lymphatic vessels.

pliable /ˈplaɪəbəl/ more pliable most pliable adj
pliable pliant
Soft, flexible, easily bent, formed, shaped, or molded.

plicate /plaɪˈkeɪt/ /plɪˈkeɪt/ /ˈplaɪ.keɪt/ /ˈplaɪkət/ more plicate most plicate adj
plicaturé plissé
(biology) Folded multiple times lengthwise like a fan, usually lending stiffness to a flat structure such as a leaf; corrugated; pleated.

plicate /plaɪˈkeɪt/ /plɪˈkeɪt/ /ˈplaɪ.keɪt/ /ˈplaɪkət/ v
plicaturer
(chiefly, _, biology) To fold or pleat (usually used in passive).

plier wrenches n
clé multiprise

pliers /ˈplaɪ.ə(ɹ)z/ n
pince pinces
A pincer-like gripping tool that multiplies the strength of the user's hand, often used for bending things.

plight /plaɪt/ plights n
situation désespérée
A dire or unfortunate situation. [from 14th c.]

plinth /plɪnθ/ plinths n
plinthe
A block or slab upon which a column, pedestal, statue or other structure is based.

plod /plɒd/ v
marcher lourdement
To toil; to drudge; especially, to study laboriously and patiently.

plodder plodders n
bâilleur bâilleuse
A person who works slowly, making a great effort with little result; a person who studies laboriously.

ploidy /ˈplɔɪdi/ ploidies n
ploïdie
(genetics) The number of homologous sets of chromosomes in a cell.

plonk /plɑŋk/ /plɒŋk/ n
jaja pinard vinasse
(uncountable, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, informal) Cheap or inferior everyday wine.

plonker /ˈplɒŋ.kə(ɹ)/ plonkers n
imbécile
(Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A fool.

plosion plosions n
plosion
(phonetics) Pronunciation of a consonant that is characterised by completely blocking the flow of air through the mouth.

plosive /ˈploʊsɪv/ /ˈploʊzɪv/ /ˈpləʊsɪv/ /ˈpləʊzɪv/ plosives n
occlusif
(phonetics) Sound produced from opening a previously closed oral passage.

plot /plɑt/ /plɒt/ plots n
intrigue
(narratology) The course of a story, comprising a series of incidents which are gradually unfolded, sometimes by unexpected means. [from 1640s]
terrain lopin
An area or land used for building on or planting on. [from 1550s]
diagramme graphique
A graph or diagram drawn by hand or produced by a mechanical or electronic device.
complot
A secret plan to achieve an end, the end or means usually being illegal or otherwise questionable. [from 1580s]

plot /plɑt/ /plɒt/ v
comploter conspirer
(transitive, intransitive) To conceive (a crime, misdeed etc).
tracer
(transitive) To trace out (a graph or diagram).
marquer
(transitive) To mark (a point on a graph, chart, etc).

plot hole plot holes n
intriguérence
(authorship) A gap or inconsistency in a storyline that goes against the flow of logic established by the story's plot.

plot twist plot twists n
coup de théâtre rebondissement retournement de situation
A change in the direction or expected outcome of the plot of a film, novel, or other narrative work.

plotter plotters n
traceur
(computing) An output device that draws graphs and other pictorial images on paper, sometimes using attached pens.

plough /plaʊ/ ploughs n
charrue araire
A device pulled through the ground in order to break it open into furrows for planting.

plough /plaʊ/ v
labourer
(transitive) To use a plough on soil to prepare for planting.
(joinery) To cut a groove in, as in a plank, or the edge of a board; especially, a rectangular groove to receive the end of a shelf or tread, the edge of a panel, a tongue, etc.
labourer pilonner
(transitive, vulgar) To have sex with, penetrate.

ploughing ploughings n
labour labourage

plover /ˈploʊvɚ/ /ˈplʌvə/ /ˈplʌvɚ/ plover plovers n
pluvier
Any of various wading birds of the family Charadriidae.

plower plowers n
laboureur
One who plows; one who works land with a plow.

plowman /ˈplaʊ.mən/ plowmen n
laboureur
A man who plows land with a plough.

plowshare plowshares n
soc
(American spelling) The cutting edge of a plow, typically a metal blade.

ploy /plɔɪ/ ploys n
stratégie tactique truc
A tactic, strategy, or scheme.

pluck /plʌk/ plucks n
(du) cœur plumaison
abats
The lungs, heart with trachea and often oesophagus removed from slaughtered animals.
persévérance
(informal, figurative, uncountable) Guts, nerve, fortitude or persistence.

pluck /plʌk/ v
tirer
(transitive) To pull something sharply; to pull something out
pincer
(transitive, music) To gently play a single string, e.g. on a guitar, violin etc.
plumer
(transitive) To remove feathers from a bird.
voler
(transitive, now, rare) To rob, steal from; to cheat or swindle (someone).

pluck up one's courage v
prendre ses couilles en main prendre son courage à deux mains
To muster the bravery and will to do something.

plucky /ˈplʌki/ pluckier pluckiest adj
courageux qui a du cran
(informal) Having or showing pluck, courage or spirit in trying circumstances.

plug /plʌɡ/ plugs n
fiche
(electricity) A pronged connecting device which fits into a mating socket, especially an electrical one.
bouchon
Any piece of wood, metal, or other substance used to stop or fill a hole.

plug /plʌɡ/ v
boucher bourrer fermer
(transitive) To stop with a plug; to make tight by stopping a hole.
faire la promo faire la pub
(transitive) To blatantly mention a particular product or service as if advertising it.

plug in v
brancher
(idiomatic) To connect (an electrical device) to a plug socket.

plug-in /ˈplʌɡ.ɪn/ plug-ins n
plugin greffon module d’extension plugiciel
(computing) A module or device that interacts with another to add a specific feature or function.

plum /plʌm/ more plum most plum adj
prune
(comparable) Of a dark bluish-red colour.

plum /plʌm/ plums n
prune
An edible, fleshy stone fruit of Prunus domestica (European plum), often of a dark red or purple colour. [from 8th c.]
prunier
The fruit and its tree.
meilleur morceau
A desirable or choice thing of its kind; a prize selection; a choice appointment, assignment etc. [from 19th c.]

plum blossom plum blossoms n
fleur de prunier
The blossom of the tree.

plumage /ˈpljuːmɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpluːmɪd͡ʒ/ plumages n
plumage pennage plume plumée
(ornithology, collective noun) Layer or collection of feathers covering a bird’s body; feathers used ornamentally; feathering.

plumbago /pləmˈbeɪɡoʊ/ /plʌmˈbeɪɡəʊ/ plumbagoes plumbagos n
dentelaire plumbago
(botany) A plant of the genus Plumbago; leadwort. [from 17th c.]
graphite mine de plomb plombagine
(mineral, now, chiefly, historical) Graphite. [from 18th c.]

plumber /ˈplʌmə/ /ˈplʌmɚ/ plumbers n
plombeur
One who works in or with lead.
plombier homme à pipe tuyauteur
One who furnishes, fits, and repairs pipes and other apparatus for the conveyance of water, gas, or drainage.

plumber wrench plumber wrenches n
clé suédoise
Other type of pipe wrench used to rotate plumbing pipes.

plumber's snake plumber's snakes n
furet vrille à déboucher
A long, flexible tool, often with rotating blades at its forward end, which is inserted into a plumbing pipe system and used to remove clogs or other obstructions.

plumbery plumberies n
plomberie
(countable) A place where plumbing is carried out

plumbic /ˈplʌmbɪk/ adj
saturnin saturnine
(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, resembling or containing lead.

plumbiferous adj
plombifère
Producing or containing lead.

plumbing /ˈplʌmɪŋ/ plumbings n
plomberie tuyauterie
The pipes, together with the joints, tanks, stopcocks, taps, and other fixtures of a water, gas, or sewage system in a house or other building.
plomberie
The trade or occupation of a plumber.
tuyauterie
(informal) A system of vessels or ducts in the human body, especially the genitourinary system.
plombage
(countable) A Murasugi sum where each disk summed along has its boundary subdivided into four segments.

plumbism n
saturnisme colique de plomb
(medicine) A diseased condition, produced by the absorption of lead, common among workers in this metal or in its compounds, as among painters, typesetters, etc. Symptoms include lead colic, lead line, and wrist drop.

plume /ˈpljuːm/ /ˈplum/ /ˈpluːm/ plumes n
plume
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.
panache plumet
(archaic, literary, and, poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.
nuage panache
A cloud formed by a dispersed substance fanning out or spreading.
An upward spray of mist or water.
panache
(astronomy) An arc of glowing material (chiefly gases) erupting from the surface of a star.
(geology) Short for mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”).
More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs.
The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.
plumet
(botany) A large and flexible panicle of an inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.

plumetty /ˈplum.ə.ti/ /ˈpluˌmɛt.i/ adj
plumeté

plummet /ˈplʌmət/ /ˈplʌmɪt/ plummets n
fil à plomb
(archaic, nautical) A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water; a plumb bob or a plumb line.

plummet /ˈplʌmət/ /ˈplʌmɪt/ v
dégringoler chuter
(intransitive) To drop swiftly, in a direct manner; to fall quickly.

plump /plʌmp/ more plump most plump plumper plumpest adj
potelé dodu rebondi replet
Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.

plumule plumules n
plumule
(botany) The first bud, or growing point, of a plant embryo, situated above the cotyledons.

plunder /ˈplən-/ /ˈplʌndə/ /ˈplʌndɚ/ n
pillage
An instance of plundering.
butin
The loot attained by plundering.

plunder /ˈplən-/ /ˈplʌndə/ /ˈplʌndɚ/ v
ravager
piller
(transitive) To pillage, take or destroy all the goods of, by force (as in war); to raid, sack.

plunderer plunderers n
pillard
One who plunders or pillages.

plunderous more plunderous most plunderous adj
pilleur
Tending to plunder.

plunge /plʌnd͡ʒ/ plunges n
plongée
A dive, leap, rush, or pitch into (into water).

plunge /plʌnd͡ʒ/ v
plonger
(transitive) To thrust into liquid, or into any penetrable substance; to immerse.
plonger précipiter
(figuratively, transitive) To cast, stab or throw into some thing, state, condition or action.
plonger se plonger
(intransitive) To dive, leap or rush (into water or some liquid); to submerge oneself.
se plonger
(figuratively, intransitive) To fall or rush headlong into some thing, action, state or condition.

plunger /ˈplʌnd͡ʒə/ /ˈplʌnd͡ʒɚ/ plungers n
ventouse
A device that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub, by suction.
plongeur
One who plunges; a diver.

pluperfect /pluˈpɝ.fɪkt/ /pluːˈpɜː.fɪkt/ pluperfects n
plus-que-parfait
A verb in this tense.

pluperfect tense pluperfect tenses n
plus-que-parfait
(grammar, of a verb) Tense of a verb used when referring to something that happened before a past setting or the imperfect; formed in English by adding had before the past participle of a verb, or by adding had been before the present participle of the verb.

plural /ˈpljʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈplɝ.əl/ /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɚ.əl/ more plural most plural adj
pluriel
Consisting of or containing more than one of something.

plural /ˈpljʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈplɝ.əl/ /ˈplʊə.ɹəl/ /ˈplʊɚ.əl/ plurals n
pluriel
(grammar, uncountable) The plural number. In English, referring to more or less than one of something.
(grammar, countable) A word in the form in which it potentially refers to something other than one person or thing; and other than two things if the language has a dual form.

plurale tantum /ˌplɝ.ə.leɪ -/ /ˌplʊɚ.ə.leɪ ˈtæn.təm/ pluralia tantum n
plurale tantum
(grammar) A noun (either in certain of its senses or in all its senses) that does not generally have a singular form.

pluralism pluralisms n
pluralisme
(sociology) A social system that permits smaller groups within a society to maintain their individual cultural identities.

pluralist pluralists n
pluraliste
An advocate of pluralism (in all senses)

pluralistic more pluralistic most pluralistic adj
pluraliste
Characteristic of pluralism.

plurality /plʊˈɹæləti/ pluralities n
pluralité
(uncountable) The state of being plural.

pluricellular adj
pluricellulaire
Consisting of multiple cells; multicellular

pluriennial more pluriennial most pluriennial adj
pluriannuel
Lasting a few years

plurinational adj
plurinational
Describing a state containing large groups of people of different nationalities.

pluripotency pluripotencies n
pluripotence
(biology) The state of being pluripotent.

pluripotent /plʊəˈɹɪpətənt/ adj
pluripotent
(biology) Able to develop into more than one mature cell or tissue type, but not all.

plurisyllabic adj
plurisyllabique

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ adj
plus
Being positive rather than negative or zero.
positif positive
Positive, or involving advantage.
positif
(physics) Electrically positive.

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ pluses plusses n
plus
A positive quantity.
An asset or useful addition.

plus /plʌs/ /pɫɐs/ preposition
plus
And; sum of the previous one and the following one.
(colloquial) With; having in addition.

plus sign plus signs n
plus signe plus
(arithmetic) The symbol + used to denote the operation of additio1, to indicate that a number is positive, and so on.

plush /plʌʃ/ plushes n
peluche pluche
A textile fabric with a nap or shag on one side, longer and softer than the nap of velvet.

plush toy plush toys n
peluche
(US) A soft toy with a soft, plush covering.

plutocracy /pluːˈtɑːkɹəsi/ /pluːˈtɒkɹəsi/ plutocracies n
ploutocratie
Government by the wealthy.
A controlling class of the wealthy.

plutocrat plutocrats n
ploutocrate
Someone who rules by virtue of his or her wealth.

plutocratic more plutocratic most plutocratic adj
ploutocratique
of, relating to, or being a plutocracy

plutonium /pluːˈtoʊniəm/ plutoniums n
plutonium
The transuranic chemical element with atomic number 94 and symbol Pu: a silvery-gray fissile radioactive actinide metal that tarnishes when exposed to air.

plutophobia n
plutophobie

pluviograph pluviographs n
pluviographe
An instrument for measuring the amount of water that has fallen (i.e. a rain gauge), with a feature to register the data in real time to demonstrate rainfall over a short period, often an automated graphing instrument.

ply /plaɪ/ v
plier
(transitive, obsolete) To bend; to fold; to mould; (figuratively) to adapt, to modify; to change (a person's) mind, to cause (a person) to submit.

plywood plywoods n
contreplaqué
(countable) A specific grade or type of this construction material.

plz n
stp svp
short for please

pneumatic /n(j)ʊˈmæ.tɪk/ more pneumatic most pneumatic adj
pneumatique
Of, relating to, or resembling air or other gases
Of or relating to pneumatics
Powered by, or filled with, compressed air

pneumatics n
pneumatique
The branch of mechanics that deals with the mechanical properties of gases

pneumato- /ˈ(p)njuːmətəʊ/ prefix
pneumato-
Relating to air.

pneumo- /(p)njuːməʊ/ /numoʊ/ prefix
pneumo-
Relating to the lungs.

pneumococcus pneumococci n
pneumocoque
A gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, that causes pneumonia and other infectious diseases

pneumoconiosis pneumoconioses n
pneumoconiose
(disease) A disease of the lungs caused by inhalation of particulate matter.

pneumological adj
pneumologique
Relating to pulmonology.

pneumology /n(j)ʊˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ pneumologies n
pneumologie
The study of the respiratory system and organs.

pneumonia /njuˈməʊniə/ /nuˈmoʊniə/ /nəˈmoʊniə/ pneumoniae pneumonias pneumoniæ n
pneumonie
An acute or chronic inflammation of the lungs caused by viruses, bacteria or other microorganisms, or sometimes by physical or chemical irritants.

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis /njuːˌmɒ.nəʊ.ʌl.tɹə.maɪ.kɹəʊˈskɒ.pɪkˌsɪ.lɪ.kəʊ.vɒl.keɪ.nəʊ.kəʊ.niˈəʊ.sɪs/ /nuˌmɑ.noʊ.ʌl.tɹə.maɪ.kɹoʊˈskɑ.pɪkˌsɪ.lɪ.koʊ.vɑl.keɪ.noʊ.koʊ.niˈoʊ.sɪs/ n
pneumonoultramicroscopiquesilicovolcanoconiose
(nonce) A disease of the lungs, allegedly caused by inhaling microscopic silicate particles originating from the eruption of a volcano.

pneumorrhagia pneumorrhagias n
pneumorragie
(medicine) Hemorrhage of the lungs.

pneumothorax pneumothoraces pneumothoraxes n
pneumothorax
(medicine) Presence of air inside the pleural cavity, usually caused by injury either to the lung or the chest wall.

pnictogen /ˈnɪktəd͡ʒən/ /ˈpnɪktə(ʊ)d͡ʒən/ pnictogens n
pnictogène
(chemistry) Any element from group 15 of the periodic table, which includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth.

poach /ˈpoʊt͡ʃ/ v
pocher
(transitive) To cook (something) in simmering or very hot liquid (usually water; sometimes wine, broth, or otherwise).
braconner
(ambitransitive) To take game or fish illegally.
débaucher détourner
(business, ambitransitive) To entice (an employee or customer) to switch from a competing company to one's own.

poached egg poached eggs n
œuf poché
An egg that has been cooked by gently breaking it into simmering or very hot water.

poacher /ˈpoʊ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpəʊ.tʃə/ poachers n
braconnier braconnière
A person who trespasses in order to take game illegally, one who poaches; a person who illegally takes animals or plants from the wild.

poaching poachings n
braconnage
Illegal procurement of protected wildlife such as fish, game, logging, or plant collecting.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ adj
de poche
Of a size suitable for putting into a pocket.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ pockets n
poche
A bag stitched to an item of clothing, used for carrying small items.
An enclosed volume of one substance surrounded by another.

pocket /ˈpɑ.kət/ /ˈpɑ.kɪt/ /ˈpɒ.kɪt/ /ˈpɔ.kɪt/ v
empocher
(billiards, snooker, pool) To cause a ball to go into one of the pockets of the table; to complete a shot.

pocket call pocket calls n
appel de poche
An unintentional telephone call made from a cell phone in one's (pants/trouser) pocket due to body movement.

pocket money n
argent de poche
(UK) A small sum of money given to a child, by a parent or guardian; an allowance
(US) A small sum of cash, carried on the person, for small, daily expenses.

pocket square pocket squares n
pochette de costume

pocket watch pocket watches n
montre à gousset
A watch carried in the pocket, often with a closing cover and usually attached to a chain.

pocketbook pocketbooks n
livre de poche pocket

pocketknife pocketknives n
canif

pockmark pockmarks n
marque de petite vérole
A mark or scar in the skin caused by a pock.

pockmarked more pockmarked most pockmarked adj
variolé
having pockmarks

pod /ˈpɑd/ /ˈpɒd/ pods n
gousse cosse
(botany) A seed case for legumes (e.g. peas, beans, peppers); a seedpod.
nacelle
A small vehicle, especially used in emergency situations.

pod /ˈpɑd/ /ˈpɒd/ v
écosser
(transitive) To remove peas from their case.

podcast /-kæst/ /ˈpɑdˌkæst/ /ˈpɒdkɑːst/ /ˈpɔd-/ podcasts n
podcast balado
A programme, especially an audio programme, produced on a regular basis, delivered over the Internet in a compressed digital format and designed for playback on computers or portable devices such as mobile phones. [from early 21st c.]
(loosely) An individual episode of such a programme.

podgy podgier podgiest adj
enrobé replet
(informal) Slightly fat.

podiatrist /pəˈdaɪətɹɪst/ podiatrists n
podologue
(medicine) A health care practitioner who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of foot ailments.

podium /ˈpəʊ.diəm/ podia podiums n
podium
A platform on which to stand, as when conducting an orchestra or preaching at a pulpit; any low platform or dais.
(sports, and, other competitions) A steepled platform upon which the three competitors with the best results may stand when being handed their medals or prize.
(sports) A result amongst the best three at a competition.

podstakannik /ˌpɒdstəˈkænɪk/ podstakanniki podstakanniks n
podstakannik
tea glass holder

poem /pojəm/ /poʊ̯m/ /pɔɪ̯m/ /ˈpoʊ̯əm/ /ˈpoʊ̯ɪm/ /ˈpəʊ̯ɪm/ [ˈpo(ʊ̯)ɪm] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)m̩] [ˈpʰo(ʊ̯)əm] [ˈpʰəʊ̯ɪm] poems n
poème poésie
A literary piece written in verse.
A piece of writing in the tradition of poetry, an instance of poetry.

poet /ˈpoʊ.ət/ /ˈpoʊ.ɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.ɪt/ [ˈpʰoʊ̯ɪ̈(ʔ)t̚] poets n
poète poétesse
A person who writes poems.

poetaster /pəʊɪtæstə(ɹ)/ poetasters n
poétastre
An unskilled poet.

poetess /ˈpoʊ.ɪˌtɛs/ /ˌpəʊ.ɪˈtɛs/ poetesses n
poétesse
(dated) A female poet.

poetic /poʊˈɛtɪk/ /pəʉˈetɪk/ /pəʊˈɛtɪk/ more poetic most poetic adj
poétique
Relating to poetry.
Characteristic of poets; romantic, imaginative, etc.

poetic justice /poʊˌɛtɪk ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ /pəʊˌɛtɪk ˈd͡ʒʌstɪs/ [-ɾɪk-] n
justice immanente
(by extension, generally) The fact of someone experiencing what they deserve for their actions, especially when this happens in an ironic manner.

poetic licence n
licence poétique
Any departure from convention or from factual accuracy taken by a writer to achieve a desired effect.

poetically more poetically most poetically adv
poétiquement
In a poetic manner.

poetics poetics n
poétique
(philosophy, literature) The theory of poetry, or of literature in general.

poetization n
poétisation
The act or process of making something poetic.

poetry /ˈpoʊətɹi/ /ˈpəʊɪtɹi/ [ˈpəʊʷətɹɪ] [ˈpʰoʊ̯.ətˌɹi] poetries n
poésie
Literature composed in verse or language exhibiting conscious attention to patterns and rhythm.
A poet's literary production.
(figurative) An artistic quality that appeals to or evokes the emotions, in any medium; something having such a quality.

pogo stick pogo sticks n
bâton sauteur
A toy, used for hopping up and down on, consisting of a pole with a T-bar handle at one end, and spring-loaded footpads on the other.

pogrom /pəˈɡɹoʊm/ /ˈpoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɒɡɹəm/ pogroms n
pogrom pogrome
A riot aimed at persecution or massacre of a particular ethnic or religious group, usually Jews.

poignancy poignancies n
poignance
The quality of being poignant

point /pɔɪnt/ points n
péninsule
point
(mathematics, science) A zero-dimensional mathematical object representing a location in one or more dimensions; something considered to have position but no magnitude or direction. [from 14th c.]
A full stop or other terminal punctuation mark. [from 14th c.]
Each of the marks or strokes written above letters, especially in Semitic languages, to indicate vowels, stress etc. [from 17th c.]
Something tiny, as a pinprick; a very small mark. [from 15th c.]
(sports, video games, board games) A unit of scoring in a game or competition. [from 18th c.]
A specific location or place, seen as a spatial position. [from 14th c.]
(typography) a unit of measure equal to 1/12 of a pica, or approximately 1/72 of an inch (exactly 1/72 of an inch in the digital era). [from 19th c.]
A distinguishing quality or characteristic. [from 15th c.]
(archaic) Condition, state. [from 13th c.]
(heraldry) One of the "corners" of the escutcheon: the base (bottom center) unless a qualifier is added (point dexter, point dexter base, point sinister, point sinister base), generally when separately tinctured. (Compare terrace, point champaine, enté en point.) This is sometimes blazoned argent, four points gules; otherwise, it is vêtu.
but intérêt objectif
A purpose or objective, which makes something meaningful. [from 14th c.]
dixième moment
A particular moment in an event or occurrence; a juncture. [from 13th c.]
instant
(obsolete) A tiny amount of time; a moment. [14th–17th c.]
objet
A focus of conversation or consideration; the main idea.
virgule avis opinion point de vue
(automotive, mostly, in the plural) Either of the two metal surfaces in a distributor which close or open to allow or prevent the flow of current through the ignition coil. There is usually a moving point, pushed by the distributor cam, and a fixed point, and they are built together as a unit.
aiguillage aiguille
(railroads, UK, in the plural) A railroad switch. [from 19th c.]
case flèche
(backgammon) Each of the twelve triangular positions in either table of a backgammon board, on which the stones are played. [from 15th c.]
pointe
The sharp tip of an object. [from 14th c.]
Any projecting extremity of an object. [from 14th c.]
An object which has a sharp or tapering tip. [from 14th c.]

point /pɔɪnt/ v
indiquer pointer montrer
(intransitive) To extend the index finger in the direction of something in order to show where it is or to draw attention to it.

point blank adv
à bout portant
Horizontally (as the angle at which a projectile is launched); directly or straight (at the target).
tout de go
(idiomatic) Directly; bluntly; without pretense or caution.

point guard point guards n
meneur
(basketball) A guard who is usually the shortest of the five basketball positions, and specializes in handling the ball, distributing it to the other players and generally running the team's offense.

point of departure points of departure n
point de départ

point of inflection points of inflection n
point d’inflexion
(mathematics) a point on a curve at which the sign of the curvature changes; at this point the second derivative of the underlying function will be zero, but positive on one side and negative on the other.

point of interest points of interest n
point d'intérêt
A location that is worth visiting because it is a tourist attraction or the base for some type of service such as a restaurant or shop.

point of no return points of no return n
point de non-retour
(aviation) The point in an aircraft's flight when there is insufficient fuel to reverse direction and return to the place of origin.

point of reference points of reference n
point de repère
A particular location which is used as an endpoint when measuring distances or charting maps.

point of sale /ˌpɔɪnt əv ˈseɪl/ points of sale n
caisse point de vente
In an establishment that sells goods or services, the location at which payment for goods is made.

point of view points of view n
point de vue
A position from which something is seen; outlook; standpoint.
point de vue opinion
An attitude, opinion, or set of beliefs.

point out v
pointer
(transitive, idiomatic) To identify among a group of similar subjects, or in a scene where the subject might not be readily seen or noticed, with a gesture of the body.
indiquer
(figuratively, idiomatic) To tell, remind, indicate.

point the finger at v
montrer du doigt pointer du doigt
(transitive, idiomatic) To accuse or blame (someone).

point-and-shoot adj
compact
(photography, of a camera) Designed for quick, simple use with minimal configuration.

point-blank adj
de but en blanc à bout portant
(ballistics) The distance between a firearm and a target where a projectile in flight is expected to strike the centre of the target without adjusting the elevation of the firearm.
à brûle-pourpoint
Disconcertingly straightforward or blunt; outright.

point-blank adv
à brûle-pourpoint de but en blanc
In a direct manner, without hesitation.

point-to-point /ˌpɔɪnt(t)əˈpɔɪnt/ adj
point à point
(telecommunications) Employing a simple network topology with a dedicated link between two endpoints.

pointed /ˈpɔɪntɪd/ more pointed most pointed adj
pointu
(comparable) Sharp, barbed; not dull.
(comparable) Having a relevance to the matter at hand: pertinent, relevant.
(comparable, of a comment or inference) Directed negatively at a person or topic.

pointer /pɔɪn.tə/ /pɔɪn.təɹ/ /pɔɪnəɹ/ pointers n
aiguille baguette
Anything that points or is used for pointing.
pointeur aiguille
A needle-like component of a timepiece or measuring device that indicates the time or the current reading of the device.
braque chien d'arrêt
(hunting) A breed of hunting dog, trained to point out game.
pointeur
(programming) A variable that holds the address of a memory location where a value can be stored.

pointillism pointillisms n
pointillisme
(art) The use of many small areas of color to construct an image.

pointing stick pointing sticks n
trackpoint bouton de pointage ergot pivot
(computing) An isometric joystick used as a pointing device.

pointless /ˈpɔɪntləs/ more pointless most pointless adj
obtus
Having no point or sharp tip; terminating squarely or in a rounded end.
inutile vain
Having no purpose; purposeless; unable to effect an aim.

points /pɔɪnts/ n
aiguille
(rail transport, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, India) Movable rails which can be used to switch a train from one railway track to another.

pointwise adj
point à point
(mathematics) Occurring or true for each point of a given set.

poise /pɔɪz/ poises n
aisance aplomb assurance sang-froid
Composure; freedom from embarrassment or affectation.
poise
(physics) A CGS unit of dynamic viscosity equal to one dyne-second per square centimetre.

poised /pɔɪzd/ more poised most poised adj
prêt
Ready, prepared.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ poisons n
poison
A substance that is harmful or lethal to a living organism when ingested.

poison /ˈpɔɪz(ə)n/ v
empoisonner
(transitive) To use poison to kill or paralyse (somebody).

poison ivy poison ivies n
herbe à puce sumac vénéneux
Any of three ivy-like species of Toxicodendron, known for their ability to cause an itching rash and blistering for most people, through urushiol, an oil that is a skin irritant.

poison the well v
empoisonner le puits
(intransitive) To preemptively raise ad hominem arguments in order to discredit someone.

poison-pen letter poison-pen letters n
lettre anonyme

poisoned chalice /ˈpɔɪzn̩d ˈtʃælɪs/ /ˈpɔɪzənd ˈtʃælɪs/ poisoned chalices n
cadeau empoisonné tunique de Nessus
(idiomatic) Something which is initially regarded as advantageous but which is later recognized to be disadvantageous or harmful; an apparently beneficial or benign instrument or scheme for causing death or harm.

poisoned pawn poisoned pawns n
pion empoisonné

poisoner poisoners n
empoisonneur empoisonneuse
A person who poisons something or someone.

poisoning poisonings n
empoisonnement
The administration of a poison.
intoxication
The state of being poisoned.

poisonous /ˈpɔɪznəs/ /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ more poisonous most poisonous adj
vénéneux toxique
Containing sufficient poison to be dangerous to touch or ingest.

poke /poʊk/ /pəʊk/ v
piquer
To prod or jab with an object such as a finger or a stick. [from later 14th c.]
attiser
To stir up a fire to remove ash or promote burning.

poke fun v
faire la nique
To subject someone to laughter or ridicule.

poker /ˈpoʊkɚ/ /ˈpəʊkə/ n
tisonnier
A metal rod, generally of wrought iron, for adjusting the burning logs or coals in a fire; a firestick. [from earlier 16th c.]
(historical) A tool like a soldering iron for making poker drawings.
poker
(poker) All the four cards of the same rank.

poker face poker faces n
l'air de rien
(poker) An impassive facial expression cultivated to prevent other players from determining whether one's actions in the game are the result of a quality hand, or of bluffing.
Any similar expression used to prevent giving away one's motives, feelings, or situation.

polar /ˈpoʊ̯lɚ/ /ˈpəʊ̯lə(ɹ)/ [ˈpʰoʊ̯lɚ] [ˈpʰəʊ̯lə(ɹ)] adj
polaire
(geography) Of, relating to, measured from, or referred to a geographic pole (the North Pole or South Pole); within the Arctic or Antarctic circles.
(mathematics) Of a coordinate system, specifying the location of a point in a plane by using a radius and an angle.

polar bear polar bears n
ours polaire ours blanc
A hypercarnivorous species of bear, Ursus maritimus, whose native range lies largely within the Arctic Circle.

polar bear plunge polar bear plunges n
bain de glace

polar cap polar caps n
calotte polaire inlandsis
(planetology) A high-latitude region of a celestial body that is covered by ice.

polar circle polar circles n
cercle polaire
(geography) Either of the two parallels of the Earth located at the latitude of 66° 33′ 44″ N and 66° 33′ 44″ S.

polar coordinates n
coordonnées polaires
(mathematics) The coordinates of a point in a plane, measured as its Cartesian distance from the origin and the angle measured anticlockwise/counterclockwise from the x-axis to a line joining the point to the origin.
(mathematics) The coordinates of a point in three-dimensional space, measured as its Cartesian distance from the origin, the angle measured from the z-axis to a line joining the point to the origin, and the angle measured anticlockwise from the x-axis to this line.

polar night polar nights n
nuit polaire
A period of darkness that occurs in winter in polar regions north from the Arctic Circle and south from the Antarctic Circle, and during which the sun stays below the horizon.

polar vortex polar vortexes polar vortices n
tourbillon polaire vortex polaire
A large-scale cyclone located in the middle and upper troposphere and stratosphere that surround the polar highs and lay in the wake of the polar front.

polariton polaritons n
polariton
(physics) Any of a class of quasiparticles comprising elements of electromagnetic waves and excited states of matter.

polarity /pəˈlærɪti/ polarities n
polarité
Either of the two extremes of such attributes.
(chemistry) The dipole-dipole intermolecular forces between the slightly positively-charged end of one molecule to the negative end of another or the same molecule. Wp

polarization /ˌpoʊlərɪˈzeɪʃən/ polarizations n
polarisation
(chemistry, physics) the separation of positive and negative charges in a nucleus, atom, molecule or system
(physics) the production of polarized light; the direction in which the electric field of an electromagnetic wave points
(sociology) the grouping of opinions into two extremes
the production or the condition of polarity

polaroid polaroids n
polaroïd
A print from such a camera.

polaron polarons n
polaron
(physics) The object (a quasiparticle) that results when an electron (or hole) in the conduction band of a crystalline insulator or semiconductor polarizes the lattice in its vicinity.

polder /ˈpɒldə/ /ˈpəʊldə/ polders n
polder
(geography) An area of ground reclaimed from a sea or lake by means of dikes. [from 17th c.]

pole /poʊl/ /pɐʉl/ /pəʊl/ [pʰoəɫ] [pʰoʊɫ] [pʰɒʊɫ] poles n
perche
Originally, a stick; now specifically, a long and slender piece of metal or (especially) wood, used for various construction or support purposes.
(historical) A unit of length, equal to a rod (1⁄4 chain or 5+1⁄2 yards).
pôle
A point of magnetic focus, especially each of the two opposing such points of a magnet (designated north and south).
(electricity) A contact on an electrical device (such as a battery) at which electric current enters or leaves.
(complex analysis) For a meromorphic function f(z), any point a for which f(z) \rightarrow \infty as z \rightarrow a.

pole dance pole dances n
barre verticale danse à la barre danse à la barre verticale pole dance
A form of dancing and acrobatics centred on a pole, practiced as a gymnastic or erotic activity.

pole position pole positions n
pole position position de tête
(motor racing) The top qualifying position for a race, on the inside of the front row at the starting line.

pole star /ˈpoʊl ˌstɑɹ/ /ˈpəʊl stɑː/ pole stars n
étoile polaire
(star) The star visible to the naked eye which was in the past, is now, or will be in the future nearest a celestial pole of a planet.

pole vault pole vaults n
saut à la perche
(athletics) a jumping event contested in track and field which requires an athlete to carry a fiberglass pole down a runway, plant the pole into a vaulting box and vault over a fiberglass bar, landing on a matted pit

pole vaulter pole vaulters n
perchiste
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the pole vault.

pole-vaulting n
saut à la perche
(athletics) The sport of performing pole vaults, especially in a competition

polearm polearms n
arme d'hast
A close-quarter combat weapon with the main fighting part of the weapon placed on the end of a long shaft, typically of wood.

polemarch /ˈpɑləˌmɑɹk/ polemarchs n
polémarque
(historical, Ancient Greece) In other Greek (city) states, a high military and civil officer.

polemic /pəˈliːmɪk/ /pəˈlɛmɪk/ more polemic most polemic adj
polémique
Having the characteristics of a polemic.

polemic /pəˈliːmɪk/ /pəˈlɛmɪk/ polemics n
polémique
A strong verbal or written attack on someone or something.

polemology /ˌpɑləˈmɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌpɒləˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ polemologies n
polémologie
The study of human conflict and war.

poliad adj
poliade

police /pəˈliːs/ /ˈpliːs/ /ˈpoʊ.liːs/ [pʰə̆ˈliˑs] n
police gendarmerie
(North America, &, _, historical) A department of local (usually municipal) government responsible for general law enforcement.

police box police boxes n
cabine de police
(chiefly, British, dated) A telephone kiosk where members of the public may telephone the police.
A small community police station; a koban.

police brutality n
violence policière brutalité policière violences policières
The use of excessive, unjustified force, typically of a physical nature, but also including verbal abuse and psychological intimidation, by a police officer while carrying out law enforcement duties.

police car police cars n
autopatrouille véhicule de police
An automobile used by a police officer when on duty.

police dog police dogs n
chien policier
A dog trained and employed by the police to pursue suspects or sniff out contraband.

police force police forces n
forces de l'ordre
(law enforcement) Any police organization; a constabulary.

police officer police officers n
policier gendarme

police procedural police procedurals n
roman policier
A subgenre of crime fiction which portrays the activities of a police force as they investigate crimes. Unlike in other types of crime fiction, the perpetrator may be known at the outset of the story.

police service police services n
service de police

police state police states n
État policier
(usually, pejorative) A polity whose government exercises strict and repressive control of the people.

police station police stations n
hôtel de police poste de police bureau de police commissariat de police office de police
A building serving as the headquarters of a branch of the police force, and sometimes as a temporary place of confinement for offenders.

policewoman policewomen n
policière
A female police officer.

policlinic policlinics n
policlinique
(US, medicine, very rare) An outpatient clinic, especially of a hospital.

policy /ˈpɑləsi/ /ˈpɒləsi/ /ˈpɒlɪsi/ policies n
politique
A principle of behaviour, conduct etc. thought to be desirable or necessary, especially as formally expressed by a government or other authoritative body. [from 15th c.]
Wise or advantageous conduct; prudence, formerly also with connotations of craftiness. [from 15th c.]
police
(law)
A contract of insurance.
A document containing or certifying this contract.

policy rate policy rates n
taux d'intérêt directeur

policyholder policyholders n
preneur d'assurance
(insurance) The party to an insurance contract who transfers a risk to an insurer.

policymaker policymakers n
décideur
One involved in the formulation of policies, especially politicians, lobbyists, and activists.

policymaking n
décisions
the formulation of policies.

poliomyelitis /ˈpəʊlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ /ˌpɒlɪəʊmaɪəˈlaɪtɪs/ poliomyelitides n
poliomyélite hide
(pathology) Acute infection by the poliovirus, especially of the motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis and sometimes deformity.

poliorcetics /ˈpoʊ-/ /ˌpoʊliˌɔɹˈsɛtɪks/ /ˌpɒ-/ /ˌpəʊlɪɔːˈsɛtɪks/ [-ɾɪks] n
poliorcétique
(military) The art of siege warfare, namely, that of conducting or resisting a siege; siegecraft.

polis /ˈpoʊ.lɪs/ /ˈpɒ.lɪs/ poleis polises n
polis
(historical) A Greek city-state.

polish /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/ /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ polishes n
vernis
A substance used to polish.

polish /ˈpɑ.lɪʃ/ /ˈpɒl.ɪʃ/ v
polir
(transitive) To shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding.

polishability polishabilities n
cirabilité polissabilité
The quality or degree of being polishable.

polished /ˈpɑlɪʃt/ /ˈpɒlɪʃt/ more polished most polished adj
poli
Made smooth or shiny by polishing.

politburo /-ˌbjɔː-/ /ˈpoʊ-/ /ˈpɑlətˌbjʊɹoʊ/ /ˈpɒlɪtˌbjʊəɹəʊ/ politburos n
bureau politique politburo
The governing council and chief policymaking body of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and other Marxist-Leninist political systems.

polite /pəˈlaɪt/ more polite most polite politer politest adj
poli
Well-mannered, civilized.

politely /pəˈlaɪtli/ more politely most politely adv
poliment
in a polite manner

politeness /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ politenesses n
politesse
The quality of being polite.

politesse /pɑləˈtɛs/ /pɒlɪˈtɛs/ politesses n
savoir-vivre
Civility, politeness, courtesy or gallantry; or an instance of this.

political /pəˈlɪtəkəl/ /pəˈlɪtɪkəl/ /pəˈlɪɾɪkəl/ [pəˈlɪɾəkəl] [pəˈlɪɾɪkəl] more political most political adj
politique
Concerning or relating to politics, the art and process of governing.
(pejorative) Motivated, especially inappropriately, by political (electoral; or, more generally, power, standing, influence or conflict) calculation.
Of or relating to views about social relationships that involve power, standing, influence or conflict.

political asylum n
asile politique
The protection, by a sovereign state, of a person who is persecuted in their own country for their political opinions or activity

political correctness political correctnesses n
politiquement correct rectitude politique
(countable) The result or product of being politically correct.

political economy political economies n
économie politique
(economics, politics) Interdisciplinary studies drawing upon economics, law, and political science in explaining how political institutions, the political environment, and the economic system — capitalist, socialist, mixed, and so on — influence each other.

political party political parties n
parti parti politique
A political organization that subscribes to a certain ideology and seeks to attain political power through representation in government.

political prisoner political prisoners n
prisonnier politique
A person imprisoned for their political views or political activism.

political science political sciences n
science politique politologie science po
The analytical study of public policy and policies, past, present, and prospective.

political scientist political scientists n
politologue
An expert in political science.

political system political systems n
système politique
A complete set of institutions, political organizations, interest groups (such as political parties, trade unions, lobby groups), the relationships between those institutions and the political norms and rules that govern their functions (constitution, election law).

politically more politically most politically adv
politiquement
in a political manner

politically correct more politically correct most politically correct adj
politiquement correct
(idiom, sometimes derogatory) Sensitive to giving offense on the grounds of race, sex, etc.

politician /ˌpɑləˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpɒlɪˈtɪʃ(ə)n/ politicians n
politicien homme politique politique femme politique politicienne
One engaged in politics, especially an elected or appointed government official.

politicide politicides n
politicide
Political killing

politicization /pə.ˌlɪt.ɪ.sɪ.ˈzeɪ.ʃən/ politicizations n
politisation
(politics) The state of being (or process of becoming) politicized

politicize /pəˈlɪtɪˌsaɪz/ v
politiser
(transitive) To give something political characteristics; to turn into a political issue

politico /pəˈlɪtɪkəʊ/ politicoes politicos n
politicard
(colloquial, often, _, derogatory) A politician.
(colloquial, often, _, derogatory) Someone involved in the professional life of a politician or a political campaign to varying degrees.

politics /ˈpɑ.ləˌtɪks/ /ˈpɑ.lɪˌtɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ə.tɪks/ /ˈpɒl.ɪ.tɪks/ v
politique
a methodology and activities associated with running a government

politique /ˈpɑlətɪk/ /ˈpɒlətɪk/ politiques n
politicard
(chiefly, _, derogatory) A politician, especially one seen as being unprincipled.

polka /ˈpoʊ(l)kə/ /ˈpɒl.kə/ polkas n
polka
A lively dance originating in Bohemia.

polka dot /ˈpoʊ.kə ˌdɑt/ /ˈpɒl.kə ˌdɒt/ /ˈpəʊ.kə ˌdɒt/ polka dots n
pois
Any of a number of uniform round dots, repeated to make a regular geometric pattern on a fabric

poll /poʊl/ /pɔl/ /pɔʊl/ /pəʊl/ polls n
sondage
(in extended senses of the above) A mass of people, a mob or muster, considered as a head count.

poll tax poll taxes n
capitation
A tax determined as a uniform, fixed amount per individual.

pollakiuria pollakiurias n
pollakiurie
(urology) Abnormally frequent passage of relatively small quantities of urine.

pollard /ˈpɑ.lɚd/ /ˈpɒl.əd/ v
trogne
(horticulture) To prune a tree heavily, cutting branches back to the trunk, so that it produces dense new growth.

pollen /ˈpɑlən/ /ˈpɒlən/ pollens n
pollen
A fine, granular substance produced in flowers.

pollen counter pollen counters n
capteur pollinique
A device used to measure the amount of pollen in the air, to determine the pollen count.

pollinate /ˈpɒlɪneɪt/ v
polliniser
To apply pollen to (a stigma).

pollination /ˌpɒlɪˈneɪʃən/ pollinations n
pollinisation
(botany) The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma; effected by insects, birds, bats and the wind etc.

pollinator /ˈpɒlɪˌneɪtə(ɹ)/ pollinators n
pollinisateur
(biology) the agent that pollinates a plant; often an insect

polling station polling stations n
bureau de vote
(Britain, Canada, Australia) a place where voters go to cast their ballot in an election or referendum; a voting station

polliniferous adj
pollinifère
(botany) Producing pollen; polleniferous.

pollock /ˈpɑlək/ /ˈpɒlək/ pollock pollocks n
lieu
Either of two lean, white marine food fishes, of the genus Pollachius, in the cod family.

pollster pollsters n
enquêteur sondeur enquêtrice
A professional who conducts or analyzes opinion polls.

pollutant /pəˈl(j)uːtənt/ pollutants n
polluant
A foreign substance that makes something dirty, or impure, especially waste from human activities.

pollute /pəˈljuːt/ /pəˈluːt/ more pollute most pollute adj
pollué
(rare) Polluted; defiled.

pollute /pəˈljuːt/ /pəˈluːt/ v
polluer
(transitive) To make something harmful, especially by the addition of some unwanted product.
(transitive) To make something or somewhere less suitable for some activity, especially by the introduction of some unnatural factor.

polluted more polluted most polluted adj
impur
made unclean or impure
(Ireland) drunk

polluter polluters n
pollueur pollueuse
A subject that pollutes, be it a person, company, country, factory or another subject.

polluting more polluting most polluting adj
polluant
Causing pollution; having a tendency to pollute.

pollution /pəˈl(j)uːʃən/ /pəˈluʃən/ pollutions n
pollution
Physical contamination, now especially the contamination of the environment by harmful substances, or by disruptive levels of noise, light etc. [from 18th c.]
(now, archaic) The ejaculation of semen outside of sexual intercourse, especially a nocturnal emission. [from 14th c.]
défilement
Moral or spiritual corruption; impurity, degradation, defilement. [from 15th c.]

polo /ˈpoʊloʊ/ /ˈpəʊ.ləʊ/ /ˈpəʊl.əʊ/ [ˈpɒʊɫəʊ] [ˈpəʊləʊ] polos n
polo
(uncountable) A ball game where two teams of players on horseback use long-handled mallets to propel the ball along the ground and into their opponent's goal.

polo shirt /ˈpoʊloʊ ˌʃɝt/ /ˈpəʊləʊ ˌʃɜːt/ polo shirts n
polo
A casual, usually short-sleeved, shirt with a protruding collar and a small number of buttons extending a short distance below the collar (and not all the way down the front of the shirt).

poloid poloids n
poloïde

poloidal more poloidal most poloidal adj
poloïdal

polonaise /ˌpoʊləˈneɪz/ /ˌpɒləˈneɪz/ polonaises n
polonaise
(dance) A stately Polish dance in triple time and moderate tempo.
(music genre) Music for this dance.

polonium /pəˈloʊni.əm/ /pəˈləʊni.əm/ poloniums n
polonium
A rare, highly radioactive chemical element (symbol Po) with atomic number 84.

poltergeist /ˈpoʊl.tɚˌɡaɪst/ /ˈpɒl.tə.ɡaɪst/ /ˈpəʊl.təˌɡaɪst/ poltergeister poltergeists n
poltergeist esprit frappeur
(parapsychology) An unseen ghost which makes noises and causes disruption, especially by causing physical objects to move or fly about.

poltroon /polˈtɹun/ /pɑlˈtɹun/ /pɒlˈtɹuːn/ /pɔlˈtɹun/ poltroons n
couard couille molle dégonflé lâche pleutre poltron
An ignoble or total coward; a dastard; a mean-spirited wretch.

poly- /pəˈlɪ-/ /ˈpɑli-/ /ˈpɑlə/ /ˈpɒli-/ /ˈpɒlɪ-/ prefix
poly-
many

polyachene polyachenes n
polyakène

polyad polyads n
polyade
A group consisting of an indeterminate number of items.

polyadenous /ˌpɑliˈædɪnəs/ /ˌpɒliˈædɪnəs/ more polyadenous most polyadenous adj
polyadène
(botany, and, zoology, rare) Having many glands.

polyadic more polyadic most polyadic adj
polyadique
Of or pertaining to a polyad (comprising many elements)

polyalcohol polyalcohols n
polyalcool
(organic chemistry) An alcohol containing many hydroxy groups (typically more than two)

polyamorous adj
polyamoureux
Having relationships with multiple partners, with the knowledge and consent of all involved; engaging in polyamory.

polyamory /ˌpɒliˈæm(ə)ɹi/ polyamories n
polyamour
Any of various practices involving romantic or sexual relationships with multiple partners with the knowledge and consent of all involved.

polyandrous adj
polyandre
Of or pertaining to polyandry; engaging in polyandry.

polyandry polyandries n
polyandrie
The having of a plurality of husbands at the same time; usually, the marriage of a woman to more than one man, or the practice of having several husbands, at the same time.

polyanthous more polyanthous most polyanthous adj
polyanthe
(rare, botany) Having many flowers

polyanthropy n
polyandrie

polyarchic more polyarchic most polyarchic adj
polyarchique
Of or pertaining to a polyarchy.

polyarchy polyarchies n
polyarchie
A government in which power is invested in multiple people.

polybutylene terephthalate polybutylene terephthalates n
polybutylène téréphtalate polytéréphtalate de butylène
(organic chemistry) A plastic used industrially as an electrical insulator.

polycalic adj
polycalique
Of a termite or ant colony, spread over multiple mounds or nests.

polycarbonate polycarbonates n
polycarbonate
(chemistry) Any of a range of polymers of aromatic carbonates; they are used to make light, flexible alternatives to glass. Abbreviation: PC

polycarpic adj
polycarpellé
(botany) Having several carpels in one flower.

polychete polychetes n
polychète
Any of many annelid worms, of the class Polychaeta, such as the lugworm; they have a segmented body with pairs of bristles on each segment.

polycholia n
polycholie

polychoric adj
polychorique
(statistics) Of or pertaining to the relationship between two latent variables, each assumed to have a normal distribution and associated with an ordinal variable.

polychoron /pɔlɪˈkoʊɹɔn/ polychora polychorons n
polychore
(mathematics) A four-dimensional polytope

polychrest /ˈpɒlɪkɹɛst/ polychrests n
polychreste
(medicine) A medicine that serves for many uses, or that cures many diseases.

polychrome adj
polychrome

polychromy polychromies n
polychromie

polycladose adj
polyclade

polycladous adj
polyclade

polyclady n
polycladie

polyclinic polyclinics n
polyclinique
A usually private clinic in which diseases of many sorts are treated.

polycondensation polycondensations n
polycondensation
(chemistry) Any condensation reaction, of a monomer having two functional groups, which leads to the formation of a polymer (a polycondensate).

polycotyledonous adj
polycotylaire

polycrisis /ˈpɒliˌkraɪsɪs/ polycrises n
polycrise
(economics, neologism) A series of crises occurring at the same time.

polyculture polycultures n
polyculture
(agriculture) The planting of two or more crops in the same place.

polycyclic adj
polycyclique
(chemistry) Having two or more rings of atoms in the molecule.

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons n
hydrocarbure aromatique polycyclique
(organic chemistry) Any of a class of organic compounds composed of multiple aromatic rings, many of which are found in coal and in oil deposits, and are produced by the combustion of organic matter.

polycystic /pɑliˈsɪstɪk/ /ˈpɒlɪˌsɪstɪk/ /ˌpɒlɪˈsɪstɪk/ more polycystic most polycystic adj
polykystique
(medicine) Having many cysts.

polycystic ovary syndrome n
syndrome de Stein-Leventhal
(medicine) A syndrome characterised by polycystic ovaries, menstrual disturbance, and high levels of androgens or insulin.

polycythemia /ˌpɒlɪsaɪˈθiːmɪə/ polycythemias n
polycythémie polyglobulie
(disease) A rare disorder in which the bone marrow produces an abnormally large amount of blood cells, often red blood cells.

polydactylism polydactylisms n
polydactylisme
(anatomy) The possession of more than the normal number of digits.

polydactylous more polydactylous most polydactylous adj
polydactyle
Having more than the normal number of digits.

polydipsia polydipsias n
polydipsie
Excessive and constant thirst caused by disease.

polyembryony n
polyembryonie

polyester polyesters n
polyester
A material or fabric made from polyester polymer

polyethism n
polyéthisme
The presence of different work activities among different members of an insect community, or at different times in an insect's life

polyethylene polyethylenes n
polyéthylène polyméthylène polyéthène
(organic compound) A polymer consisting of many ethylene monomers bonded together; used for kitchenware, containers etc.

polyethylene terephthalate n
polytéréphtalate d'éthylène PET polyéthylène téréphtalate
A thermoplastic resin of the polyester family used particularly in the manufacture of plastic bottles (PET) and fabrics (Terylene).

polygamist /pəˈlɪɡəmɪst/ polygamists n
polygame polygamite
One who practices polygamy, or maintains that it is lawful.

polygamous /pəˈlɪɡəməs/ adj
polygame
Of, relating to, or practicing polygamy.

polygamy /pəˈlɪɡ.ə.mi/ polygamies n
polygamie
(often, especially in common use) Synonym of polygyny (“marriage of a man to more than one wife, the practice of having several wives at the same time”)

polygene polygenes n
polygène
(genetics) A group of nonallelic genes that act together to produce phenotype variations

polygenic adj
polygénique
(genetics) controlled by the interaction of more than one gene

polyglossia n
polyglossie
The coexistence of multiple languages in the same geographic area.

polyglot /ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/ /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/ adj
polyglotte multilingue plurilingue
Of a person: speaking, or versed in, many languages; multilingual.
polyglotte
Containing, or made up of, several languages; specifically, of a book (especially a bible): having text translated into several languages.

polyglot /ˈpɑlɪˌɡlɑt/ /ˈpɒlɪɡlɒt/ polyglots n
polyglotte
(also, figuratively) One who has mastered (especially when able to speak) several languages.

polygon /ˈpɑliɡɑn/ /ˈpɒliɡɒn/ /ˈpɒlɪɡən/ polygons n
polygone
(geometry) A plane figure bounded by edges that are all straight lines.

polygon mesh polygon meshes n
maillage paillage polygonal
(computer graphics) A collection of vertices, edges and faces that defines the shape of a polyhedral object.

polygonal /pəˈlɪɡənəl/ adj
polygonal
Having many angles; hence characteristic of a polygon.

polygonometry polygonometries n
polygonométrie

polygraph /ˈpɒliɡɹæf/ /ˈpɒliɡɹɑːf/ polygraphs n
détecteur de mensonges polygraphe

polygraphic adj
polygraphique

polygynous /pəˈlɪd͡ʒɪnəs/ adj
polygyne
(botany) Having many styles; belonging to the order Polygynia; polygynian.
Having more than one female as wife or mate; practicing polygyny.

polygyny /pəˈlɪd͡ʒ.ɪ.ni/ polygynies n
polygynie
The state or practice of having several wives at the same time; plurality of wives; marriage to several wives.

polyhedron /pɒliˈhiːdɹən/ polyhedra polyhedrons n
polyèdre
(geometry) A solid figure with many flat faces and straight edges.

polylobate adj
polylobé
Having many lobes

polymath /ˈpɑliˌmæθ/ /ˈpɑlɪmæθ/ /ˈpɒlɪmæθ/ polymaths n
polymathe homme de la Renaissance
A person with extraordinarily broad and comprehensive knowledge.

polymathic more polymathic most polymathic adj
polymathique
Pertaining to polymathy; acquainted with many branches of learning.

polymathy /pəˈlɪməθi/ n
polymathie
The knowledge of many arts and sciences; variety of learning.

polymer /ˈpɑ.lɪ.mɚ/ /ˈpɒl.ɨ.mə/ polymers n
polymère
(organic chemistry) A long or larger molecule consisting of a chain or network of many repeating units, formed by chemically bonding together many identical or similar small molecules called monomers. A polymer is formed by polymerization, the joining of many monomer molecules.
A material consisting of such polymer molecules.

polymerase polymerases n
polymérase
(enzyme) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polymers of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of RNA or DNA respectively as a template.

polymerase chain reaction polymerase chain reactions n
réaction en chaîne par polymérase
(molecular biology) A technique in molecular biology for creating multiple copies of DNA from a sample; used in genetic fingerprinting etc.

polymerization /ˌpɒl.ɪ.məɹ.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/ polymerizations n
polymérisation
(chemistry) The chemical process, normally with the aid of a catalyst, to form a polymer by bonding together multiple identical units (monomers).

polymerize /pəˈlɪ.mə.ɹaɪz/ /ˈpɑləməˌɹaɪz/ /ˈpɒlɨməɹʌɪz/ v
polymériser
(transitive, chemistry) To convert a monomer to a polymer by polymerization.

polymethyl methacrylate n
polyméthacrylate de méthyle
(organic compound) A thermoplastic transparent plastic manufactured by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, often used in place of glass - it being lighter, softer and not shattering on impact.

polymethyl methyacrylate n
plexiglas
(chemistry) A tough, transparent thermoplastic polymer of methyl methyacrylate; it is used as a substitute for glass under the proprietary names of Perspex, Plexiglass and Lucite

polymicrogyria n
polymicrogyrie
(pathology) A deformity of the brain such that it has an excessive number of small folds, causing mental retardation.

polymorphemic adj
polymorphémique

polymorphism /pɑliˈmɔɹfɪz(ə)m/ /pɒlɪˈmɔːfɪz(ə)m/ polymorphisms n
polymorphisme
The ability to assume different forms or shapes.
(biology) The coexistence, in the same locality, of two or more distinct forms independent of sex, not connected by intermediate gradations, but produced from common parents.
(object-oriented programming) The feature pertaining to the dynamic treatment of data elements based on their type, allowing for an instance of a method to have several definitions.
(crystallography) The ability of a solid material to exist in more than one form or crystal structure; pleomorphism.
(genetics) The regular existence of two or more different genotypes within a given species or population; also, variability of amino acid sequences within a gene's protein.

polymorphous more polymorphous most polymorphous adj
polymorphe
(biology) Having, or occurring in, several distinct forms

polyneuropathy polyneuropathies n
polyneuropathie
(medicine) Any of several diseases involving several peripheral nerves.

polynomial /ˌpɑliˈnoʊmiəl/ /ˌpɒlɪˈnəʊmɪəl/ adj
polynomial
(algebra) Able to be described or limited by a polynomial.
polynomial polynomiale polynominal polynominale
(taxonomy) of a polynomial name or entity

polynomial /ˌpɑliˈnoʊmiəl/ /ˌpɒlɪˈnəʊmɪəl/ polynomials n
polynôme
(algebra, strict sense) An expression consisting of a sum of a finite number of terms, each term being the product of a constant coefficient and one or more variables raised to a non-negative integer power, such as a_n x^n + a_{n-1}x^{n-1} + ... + a_0 x^0.
(taxonomy) A taxonomic designation (such as of a subspecies) consisting of more than two terms.

polynomial function polynomial functions n
fonction polynomiale
(mathematics) Any function whose value is the solution of a polynomial; an element of a subring of the ring of all functions over an integral domain, which subring is the smallest to contain all the constant functions and also the identity function. (If the polynomial is multivariate then there is a different identity function corresponding to each variable.)

polynuclear adj
polynucléaire
(biology) having multiple nuclei

polynya /pə(ʊ)ˈlɪnjə/ /pəˈlɪnjə/ /ˌpɑlənˈjɑ/ polynyas polynyi n
polynia
(hydrology, oceanography) A naturally formed transient area of open water surrounded by sea ice, especially in polar or subpolar seas. [from mid 19th c.]

polyoxymethylene polyoxymethylenes n
polyoxyméthylène

polyp /ˈpɑlɪp/ /ˈpɒlɪp/ polyps n
polype
(medicine) An abnormal growth protruding from a mucous membrane.
(zoology) A cylindrical coelenterate, such as the hydra, having a mouth surrounded with tentacles.

polypeptide polypeptides n
polypeptide
(organic chemistry) Any polymer of (same or different) amino acids joined via peptide bonds.
(biochemistry) Any such polymer that is not folded into a secondary structure of a protein.
(protein) A small protein containing up to 100 amino acids; see also oligopeptide.

polypeptidic adj
polypeptidique
Of or pertaining to a polypeptide

polyphonic /ˌpɒlɪˈfɒnɪk/ more polyphonic most polyphonic adj
polyphonique
of or relating to polyphony

polyphony /pəˈlɪfəni/ polyphonies n
polyphonie
(music) Musical texture consisting of several independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).

polypropylene polypropylenes n
polypropylène
A thermoplastic resin made by the polymerization of propylene, and used for films, fibres, or moulding materials. Also known as polypropene.

polyptoton /ˌpɑ.ləpˈtoʊ.tɑn/ polyptota polyptotons n
polyptote
(rhetoric) A stylistic scheme in which words from the same root are used together, or a word is repeated in a different inflection or case.

polyptych /ˈpɒlɪptɪk/ polyptychs n
polyptyque
(arts) A work consisting of multiple painted or carved panels joined together, often with hinges.

polyradiculoneuropathy polyradiculoneuropathies n
polyradiculonévrite
(medicine) A condition in which polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy occur together, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

polyrhizal adj
polyrrhize

polysaccharide polysaccharides n
polysaccharide
(carbohydrate) A polymer made of many saccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds.

polysemous /pəˈlɪs.ə.məs/ /pəˈlɪs.ɪ.məs/ /ˌpɑːl.iˈsiː.məs/ /ˌpɒl.ɪˈsiː.məs/ adj
polysémique
(linguistics) Synonym of polysemic.

polysemy /pə.ˈlɪ.sɪ.mi/ /ˈpɒ.lɪ.siː.mi/ polysemies n
polysémie
(semantics) The property of a word, sign or symbol that can represent multiple meanings, including multiple similar ones.

polystyrene polystyrenes n
polystyrène
(organic chemistry) A vinylic polymer of styrene, CH2CHphenyl.

polysyllabic /ˌpɑ.li.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɒ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ /ˌpɔ.lɪ.sɪˈlæ.bɪk/ adj
polysyllabique
(of a word) Having more than one syllable; having multiple or many syllables.

polysyndeton /pɒlɪˈsɪndɪtɒn/ polysyndeta polysyndetons n
polysyndète
(rhetoric) The use of many conjunctions to achieve an overwhelming effect in a sentence.

polysynthetic /ˌpɒlisɪnˈθɛtɪk/ more polysynthetic most polysynthetic adj
polysynthétique
(grammar, of languages) Characterized by a prevalence of relatively long words containing a large number of morphemes. Typically, the morphemes are bound.

polytechnic adj
polytechnique

polytechnic polytechnics n
polytechnique
(UK, dated) An educational institute that teaches applied arts and sciences rather than academic subjects.

polytetrahedral adj
polytétraédral polytétraédrique

polytheism /pɒl.ɪˈθiː.ɪz.əm/ polytheisms n
polythéisme
The belief in the existence of multiple gods.

polytheist /pɒlɪˈθiːɪst/ polytheists n
polythéiste
a believer in, or advocate of, polytheism

polytheistic /ˌpɒlɪθiːˈɪstɪk/ more polytheistic most polytheistic adj
polythéiste
Of or relating to polytheism.

polytheize v
polythéiser

polytonic /ˌpɑliˈtɑnɪk/ /ˌpɒliˈtɒnɪk/ adj
polytonique
Of or using the Greek system of diacritics which employs the rough and smooth breathings and the grave, acute, and circumflex accents. Replaced by the monotonic system in 1982.

polytope polytopes n
polytope
(geometry) A finite region of n-dimensional space bounded by hyperplanes (a geometric shape with flat sides, existing in any number of dimensions); the geometrical entity represented by the general term of the infinite sequence "point, line, polygon, polyhedron, ...".

polytoxicomaniac polytoxicomaniacs n
polytoxicomane
A person who is addicted to multiple drugs.

polytrauma polytraumas n
polytraumatisme
(emergency medicine) The condition of a person who has been subjected to multiple traumatic injuries.

polytropic adj
polytropique

polyunsaturated fat polyunsaturated fats n
graisse polyinsaturée
A fat or oil, almost exclusively from vegetable sources, containing a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

polyunsaturated fatty acid polyunsaturated fatty acids n
acide gras polyinsaturé
a fatty acid, such as arachidonic acid, that contains two or more carbon to carbon double bonds

polyurethane polyurethanes n
polyuréthane
(organic chemistry) Any of various polymeric resins containing urethane links; used in very many industrial and domestic applications.

polyuria polyurias n
polyurie

polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chlorides n
polychlorure de vinyle PVC
A thermoplastic resin produced by the polymerization of vinyl chloride; used as an electrical insulator and in many other applications. Can be compounded into flexible and rigid forms through the use of plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers and other modifiers.

pomace /-əs/ /ˈpɒmɪs/ /ˈpʌmɪs/ pomaces n
marc
The pulp remaining from a substance pressed to extract its oil or juice, particularly

pomade /poʊˈmeɪd/ /pəˈmeɪd/ /pəˈmɑːd/ pomades n
pommade
A greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair, making it look slick and shiny.

pomander /poʊˈmæn.dɚ/ /pəˈmæn.də/ /ˈpoʊ.mæn.dɚ/ /ˈpɑ.mən.dɚ/ /ˈpɒ.mæn.də/ /ˈpɒ.mən.də/ /ˈpəʊ.mæn.də/ pomanders n
pomme de senteur
(countable, uncountable, historical) A mixture of aromatic substances, made into a ball and carried by a person to impart a sweet smell or as a protection against infection. [from late 15th c.]

pome /ˈpəʊm/ pomeis pomes n
piridion péridion péridium
(botany) A type of fruit in which the often edible flesh arises from the swollen base of the flower and not from the carpels.

pomegranate /ˈpɑməˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɑmɪˌɡɹænɪt/ /ˈpɑmˌɡɹænət/ /ˈpɒmɪ(ˌ)ɡɹænɪt/ pomegranates n
grenade grenadier
The fruit of the Punica granatum, about the size of an orange with a thick, hard, reddish skin enclosing many seeds, each with an edible pink or red pulp tasting both sweet and tart.
grenadier grenade
The shrub or small tree that bears the fruit.

pomelo /pəˈmɛləʊ/ /ˈpɑməloʊ/ /ˈpɒmɪləʊ/ /ˈpʌmɪləʊ/ pomeloes pomelos n
pomélo
The large fruit of the Citrus maxima (syn. C. grandis), native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, with a thick green or yellow rind, a thick white pith, and semi-sweet translucent pale flesh.
pamplemoussier
The tree which produces this fruit.

pomeron pomerons n
poméron

pommel /ˈpɑ.məl/ /ˈpɒ.məl/ pommels n
pommeau
The upper front brow of a saddle.
The knob on the hilt of an edged weapon such as a sword or dagger.

pommel horse pommel horses n
cheval d'arçons
An apparatus for gymnastic exercises with a cylindrical body covered with leather and two upright pommels, as hand grips, near the centre; held upright with adjustable legs.

pomologist pomologists n
pomologue
A person involved in pomology.

pomology pomologies n
pomologie
(botany) The study of fruit in general and of the cultivation of fruit.

pomp and circumstance n
en grande pompe
A display of ceremonial grandeur.

pompadour /ˈpɑːmpədɔːɹ/ /ˈpɒmpədɔː/ /ˈpɒmpədʊə/ pompadours n
banane
A women's hairstyle in which the hair is swept upwards from the face and worn high over the forehead.

pompano /ˈpɒmpənəʊ/ pompanoes pompanos n
pompaneau
Any of various carangid fish, of the genus Trachinotus or species Alectis ciliaris, the African pompano, from coastal parts of the North Atlantic. [from 16th c.]

pompom pompoms n
pompon
A decorative ball made of pieces of soft fabric bound at the centre, most notably used in cheerleading.

pompon pompons n
pompon
A bundle of yarn, string, ribbon, etc. tied in the middle and left loose at the ends, so as to form a puff or ball, as for decoration or a showy prop for cheerleading.

pompous /ˈpɑmpəs/ /ˈpɒmpəs/ more pompous most pompous adj
pompeux emphatique
Affectedly grand, solemn or self-important.

pompously more pompously most pompously adv
pompeusement
In a pompous manner.

poncho /ˈpɑn.t͡ʃoʊ/ /ˈpɒn.tʃəʊ/ ponchoes ponchos n
poncho
A simple garment, made from a rectangle of cloth, with a slit in the middle for the head.

pond /pɑnd/ /pɒnd/ ponds n
étang mare
An inland body of standing water, either natural or man-made, that is smaller than a lake.

pond heron pond herons n
crabier
A heron of the genus Ardeola.

pond hockey n
hockey d'antan
(sports) A form of ice hockey played outdoors on the surface of a frozen lake or pond, or other body of water.

ponder /ˈpɑn.dɚ/ /ˈpɒn.də(ɹ)/ v
réfléchir songer
To wonder, think of deeply.
interroger
To consider (something) carefully and thoroughly.

ponderous /ˈpɑn.dɚ.əs/ /ˈpɒn.dəɹ.əs/ more ponderous most ponderous adj
béotien conformiste grossier maladroit pesant
Clumsy, unwieldy, or slow, especially due to weight.
abrutissant dogmatique lourd pesant écrasant
Dull, boring, tedious; long-winded in expression.

pondweed pondweeds n
potamogéton potamot
opposite-leaved pondweed, Groenlandia densa, only plant of its genus, found chiefly in the Mediterranean region.

poniard /ˈpɒnjɑːd/ /ˈpɒnjəd/ poniards n
poignard
(now, chiefly, historical) A dagger typically having a slender square or triangular blade. [from 16th c.]

pons /ˈpoʊnz/ /ˈpɑnz/ /ˈpɒnz/ /ˈpəʊnz/ pontes n
pont
(neuroanatomy) A band of nerve fibres, from the Latin term pōns Varoliī, within the brain stem.

pontiff /ˈpɒntɪf/ pontiffs n
pontife

pontifical more pontifical most pontifical adj
pontifical
Of or pertaining to a pontiff.

pontifically more pontifically most pontifically adv
pontificalement
In a pontifical manner; in the manner of a pope.

pontificate /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.kət/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.kət/ pontificates n
pontificat
The status or term of office of a pontiff or pontifex.

pontificate /pɒnˈtɪf.ɪ.keɪt/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ə.keɪt/ /pɔnˈtɪf.ɪ.keɪt/ v
pontifier
(intransitive) To preside as a bishop, especially at mass.
(intransitive) To act like a pontiff; to express one's position or opinions dogmatically and pompously as if they were absolutely correct.
(intransitive) To speak in a patronizing, supercilious or pompous manner, especially at length.

pontoon /pɒnˈtuːn/ pontoons n
ponton flotteur
A flat-bottomed boat or other floating structure used as a buoyant support for a temporary bridge, dock or landing stage.

pontoon bridge pontoon bridges n
pont flottant
A temporary bridge built over floating pontoons

pony /ˈpoʊni/ /ˈpəʊni/ ponies n
poney
A small horse; specifically, any of several small breeds of horse under 14.2 hands at the withers.

ponytail /ˈpoʊniˌteɪl/ ponytails n
queue-de-cheval
A hairstyle where the hair is pulled back and tied into a single "tail" which hangs down behind the head.

poo /pu/ /puː/ poos n
caca popo
shit
(uncountable, slang) Cannabis resin.

poo /pu/ /puː/ v
faire caca faire popo faire une crotte

poo poo poo poos n
caca popo
(childish) (A piece of) excrement.
(childing) Defecation.

pooch /puːt͡ʃ/ pooches n
clébard cabot sac à puces
(slang) A dog.
bâtard
A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.

pood /puːd/ poods n
poud
An obsolete Russian unit of mass, equal to 40 Russian funt, or about 16.38 kg (approximately 36.11 pounds).

poodle /ˈpuː.dəl/ poodles n
caniche
A breed of dog originating in Europe as hunting dogs, and having heavy, curly coat in a solid color; their shoulder height indicates their classification as standard, medium, miniature, or toy.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] interjection
pouf
Onomatopoeia indicating a small explosion with a cloud of smoke; as caused by a deflating object, or a magical disappearance.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] poofs pooves n
tapette pet prout pédale tante
(UK, Australia, NZ, Irish, Commonwealth, derogatory, colloquial) A gay man; especially one who is effeminate.

poof /puːf/ /pʊf/ [puːɸ] v
disparaître s'évanouir s'évaporer
To vanish or disappear.
prouter péter
(intransitive) To break wind; to fart.

pool /pul/ /puːl/ [pʰuəɫ] [pʰuɫ] pools n
flaque
A small and rather deep area of (usually) fresh water, as one supplied by a spring, or occurring in the course of a stream or river; a reservoir for water.
A small amount of liquid on a surface.
A localized glow of light.
mare étang
Any small body of standing or stagnant water; a puddle.
billard
(sport) A cue sport played on a pool table. There are 15 balls, 7 of one colour, 7 of another, and the black ball (also called the 8 ball). A player must pocket all their own colour balls and then the black ball in order to win.
groupe pool réserve
A supply of resources.
pool
(by extension, computing) A set of resources that are kept ready to use.

pool /pul/ /puːl/ [pʰuəɫ] [pʰuɫ] v
réunir
(transitive) To put together; contribute to a common fund, on the basis of a mutual division of profits or losses; to make a common interest of.
mettre en commun
(intransitive) To combine or contribute with others, as for a commercial, speculative, or gambling transaction.

pool noodle pool noodles n
nouille de piscine
A long, slender tube or rod, extruded from buoyant foam and usually brightly coloured, used as an exercise tool or toy in swimming pools.

pool table pool tables n
table de billard billard
A table used for playing pool.

pooling /ˈpuːlɪŋ/ poolings n
mise en commun

poolish poolishes n
levain sur levure levain-levure poolish
A mixture of flour and water with a little yeast; used to make some forms of dough.

poop deck poop decks n
dunette
(nautical) A high, exposed deck at the stern of a ship on top of the cabin(s).

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puɹ/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː(ɹ)/ /pɜːɹ/ /pʊə(ɹ)/ /pʊɚ/ /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ poorer poorest adj
pauvre pitoyable
With no or few possessions or money, particularly in relation to contemporaries who do have them.
(attributive, _, only) Worthy of pity.
piètre
Of low quality.

poor /poʊ/ /poː/ /puɹ/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː(ɹ)/ /pɜːɹ/ /pʊə(ɹ)/ /pʊɚ/ /pʊɹ/ /ˈpʊ(ː)ə(r)/ n
pauvres pauvre
(plural only) The poor people of a society or the world collectively, the poor class of a society.

poor as Job adj
pauvre comme Job

poor as a church mouse phraseologicalUnit
gueux comme un rat d'église pauvre comme Job
(simile) Very poor, to the point of starving or begging; utterly destitute.

poor man's adj
du pauvre sous-
Cheaper than, simpler than, or inferior to.

poor relation poor relations n
parent pauvre

poor thing poor things n
bichette ma pauvre miskine mon pauvre
Someone or something to be pitied

pop /pɑp/ /pɒp/ n
pop
Pop music.

pop group pop groups n
groupe de pop
A musical group specializing in pop music.

pop music pop musics n
musique pop pop
Music intended for or accepted by a wide audience, usually with a commercial basis and distinguished from other genres such as classical music and folk music.

pop quiz pop quizzes n
contrôle surprise interrogation surprise
(US) A quiz or test given without warning or prior announcement.

pop sock pop socks pop sox n
mi-bas
(chiefly, _, UK) A type of short, knee-high stocking with an elasticated top.

pop up v
se pointer
(intransitive, informal, idiomatic) To appear without warning.

pop-up /ˈpɒpʌp/ pop-ups n
pop-up
(internet) A pop-up advertisement; an advertisement that is triggered to appear on a computer screen when the user accesses a particular web page.
éphémère
(baseball) A pop-up ball: a ball that has been hit to a considerable height above the infield or the shallow outfield; a pop fly.
A folded paper element which pops up from a book, greeting card, etc.
A business that opens for a brief temporary period only, such as a temporary restaurant.

pop-up advertisement pop-up advertisements n
fenêtre instruse intruse
(Internet, advertising) An advertisement that takes the form of a window that appears automatically on a computer screen when certain websites are visited.

popcorn /ˈpɑp.kɔɹn/ /ˈpɒp.kɔː(ɹ)n/ /ˈpʌp.kɔɹn/ [ˈpʌp.kɒːn] [ˈpʌp.kɔɹn] popcorns n
maïs éclaté popcorn maïs soufflé
(chiefly, uncountable) A snack food made from corn/maize kernels popped by dry heating.

pope /poʊp/ /pəʊp/ popes n
pape papesse
(Roman Catholicism, _, &, _, generally) An honorary title of the Roman Catholic bishop of Rome as father and head of his church, a sovereign of the Vatican city state.
pope
(Russian Orthodoxy) , a Russian Orthodox priest.

poplar /ˈpɑ.plɚ/ /ˈpɒp.lə(ɹ)/ poplars n
peuplier
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Populus.

poplit /ˈpɑplɪt/ /ˈpɒplɪt/ poplits n
fosse poplitée jarret
The shallow depression (fossa) located at the back of the knee joint; the popliteal fossa or “knee pit”.

popliteal /pɒˈplɪtɪ.əl/ /ˌpɒplɪˈtiːəl/ adj
poplité
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the popliteus (the area behind the knee). [From 18th c.]

poppable adj
crevable
Possible to pop; capable of being popped.

poppy /ˈpɑpi/ /ˈpɒpi/ poppies n
pavot coquelicot
Any plant of the genus Papaver or the family Papaveraceae, with crumpled, often red, petals and a milky juice having narcotic properties; especially a common poppy or corn poppy (Papaver rhoeas) which has orange-red flowers; the flower of such a plant.
coquelicot
(chiefly, Australia, Britain, Canada) A simple artificial poppy flower worn in a buttonhole or displayed in other contexts to remember those who died in the two World Wars and other armed conflicts, especially around Remembrance Day/Remembrance Sunday.

poppycock poppycocks n
baliverne
(colloquial) foolish talk; nonsense.

poppyseed poppyseeds n
graine de pavot
The seed of the poppy, used as a flavouring in bread.

popsicle /ˈpɑpsɪkəl/ /ˈpɒpsɪkəl/ popsicles n
sucette glacée
(chiefly, _, US, Canada) Frozen fruit juice, flavored sugar water, or the like, on a stick, of a size to be one serving.

populace /ˈpɑpjələs/ /ˈpɒpjʊləs/ populaces n
bas peuple plèbe populace
The common people of a nation.

popular /ˈpɑpjəlɚ/ /ˈpɒpjʊlə/ more popular most popular adj
populaire
Pertaining to or deriving from the people or general public. [from 16th c.]
Liked by many people; generally pleasing, widely admired. [from 17th c.]

popular culture popular cultures n
culture populaire pop culture
The prevailing vernacular culture in any given society, including art, cooking, clothing/fashion, entertainment, fads, films, mass media, music, sports, and style.

popular music popular musics n
musique populaire
(music) Any genre of music that has wide appeal amongst the general public of a society dominated by urban culture and advanced technology, especially music with less complexity than classical music and less rootsy authenticity than folk music.

popular science n
de vulgarisation scientifique
(attributive) Of, or having to do with science, but aimed at ordinary people as opposed to scientists; intended for general consumption.

popularise /ˈpɒpjʊləɹaɪz/ v
populariser
(transitive) To make something popular.
vulgariser
(transitive) To present something in a widely understandable or acceptable form, especially technical or scientific material for a general audience.

popularity /ˌpɑp.jəˈlɛəɹ.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɒp.jəˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/ popularities n
popularité
The quality or state of being popular; especially, the state of being esteemed by, or of being in favor with, the people at large

popularization popularizations n
popularisation vulgarisation
The act of making something popular to the general public.

popularizer popularizers n
vulgarisateur
One who popularizes something.

populate /ˈpɑ.pjəˌleɪt/ /ˈpɒp.jʊˌleɪt/ /ˈpɔp.jəˌlæɪt/ v
peupler
(transitive) To supply with inhabitants; to people.
(transitive) To live in; to inhabit.
remplir
(computing, ambitransitive) To fill initially empty items in a collection.

populated more populated most populated adj
peuplé
That has, or is supplied with, inhabitants or content.

population /ˌpɑ.pjəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɒp.juːˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ populations n
population
A count of the number of residents within a political or geographical boundary such as a town, a nation or the world.
(biology) A collection of organisms of a particular species, sharing a particular characteristic of interest, most often that of living in a given area.
(statistics) A group of units (persons, objects, or other items) enumerated in a census or from which a sample is drawn.

population density population densities n
densité de population
Average population per unit area; especially, the average number of people who live per square kilometer (or square mile) of land.

population pyramid population pyramids n
pyramide des âges
(demography) A graphical illustration of the distribution of a population (typically that of a country or region of the world) by age groups and sex; it typically forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing.

populational adj
populationnel
Of or pertaining to population

populicide populicides n
populicide

populism populisms n
populisme
(philosophy) A political doctrine or philosophy that proposes that the rights and powers of ordinary people are exploited by a privileged elite, and supports their struggle to overcome this.

populist /ˈpɑ.pjə.lɪst/ /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lɪst/ /ˈpɔp.jʉ.lɪst/ more populist most populist adj
populiste
(of a political policy) Put forward just because it would be popular.

populist /ˈpɑ.pjə.lɪst/ /ˈpɒp.jʊ.lɪst/ /ˈpɔp.jʉ.lɪst/ populists n
populiste
A politician who advocates specific policies just because they are popular.

populous /ˈpɑpjələs/ /ˈpɒpjʊləs/ more populous most populous adj
populeux
Having a large population.

porbeagle porbeagles n
requin-taupe marraiche marraîche veau de mer
A large pelagic predatory shark, Lamna nasus, of the Atlantic.

porcelain /ˈpoːslɘn/ /ˈpɔɹslɪn/ /ˈpɔɹsəlɪn/ /ˈpɔːsəlɪn/ porcelains n
porcelaine
(usually, uncountable) A hard white translucent ceramic, originally made by firing kaolin, quartz, and feldspar at high temperatures but now also inclusive of similar artificial materials; also often (figurative) such a material as a symbol of the fragility, elegance, etc. traditionally associated with porcelain goods.
(countable, now, _, usually, in the plural) An object made of porcelain, (particularly) art objects or items of tableware.

porch /po(ː)ɹtʃ/ /poətʃ/ /pɔɹt͡ʃ/ /pɔːtʃ/ porches n
porche véranda portique
(architectural element) A covered entrance to a building, whether taken from the interior, and forming a sort of vestibule within the main wall, or projecting without and with a separate roof. A porch often has chair(s), table(s) and swings.

porcine /ˈpoʊɹ.saɪn/ /ˈpoʊɹ.sin/ /ˈpoʊɹ.sɪn/ more porcine most porcine adj
porcin
Of or pertaining to pigs.
bouffi
(derogatory) Overweight to the extent of resembling a pig; morbidly obese.

porcini /pɔːɹˈt͡ʃiː.ni/ /pɔːˈtʃiː.ni/ porcini porcinis n
cèpe
An edible mushroom (Boletus edulis), prized for its flavor.

porcupine /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kiˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kjʊˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kəˌpaɪn/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)kɪˌpaɪn/ porcupines n
porc-épic
Any of several rodents of either of the taxonomic families Hystricidae (Old World porcupines) or Erethizontidae (New World porcupines), both from the infraorder Hystricognathi, noted for their sharp spines or quills, which are raised when the animal is attacked or surprised.

pore /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ pores n
pore
A tiny opening in the skin.
By extension any small opening or interstice, especially one of many, or one allowing the passage of a fluid.

poriferan poriferans n
spongiaire
(zoology) Any sponge of the phylum Porifera.

pork /po(ː)ɹk/ /poək/ /poɹk/ /pɔːk/ porks n
porc cochon
(mostly, uncountable) The meat of a pig.

pork barrel /ˈpɔːkˌbaɹəl/ pork barrels n
assiette au beurre
(chiefly, US politics, often, attributively) State funds as assigned for local or regional expenditure; especially, central money used for regional projects which are eyecatching or designed to appeal to voters. [from 19th c.]

pork belly pork bellies n
poitrine de porc
A boneless cut of fatty meat from the belly of a pig.

pork rind pork rinds n
couenne grattons
(US, Canada, food) A snack food made from cured pork skin; pork scratchings.

porn star porn stars n
acteur X actrice X star du porno
An actor or actress famous for appearing in pornographic films.

porno /ˈpɔːnəʊ/ pornos n
porno
(uncountable) Pornography.

pornocracy /pɔˈnɑkɹəsi/ /pɔːˈnɒkɹəsɪ/ pornocracies n
pornocratie
(derogatory, often, figuratively) A government by, or dominated by, prostitutes or corrupt persons.

pornocracy /pɔˈnɑkɹəsi/ /pɔːˈnɒkɹəsɪ/ pn
pornocratie
(Roman Catholicism, historical, sometimes, capitalized) The period of the papacy known as the saeculum obscūrum (Latin for “dark age”), and also as the “Rule of the Harlots”, which began with the installation of Pope Sergius III in 904 and lasted for sixty years until the death of Pope John XII in 964, during which time the popes were strongly influenced by the Theophylacti, a powerful and corrupt aristocratic family. [from mid-19th c.]

pornographer /pɔː(ɹ)ˈnɒɡɹəfə(ɹ)/ pornographers n
pornographe
One who is involved in the creation or dissemination of pornography. [from mid-19th c.]

pornographic /ˌpɔː(ɹ)nəˈɡɹæfɪk/ more pornographic most pornographic adj
pornographique
Containing an explicit depiction of sexual activity.

pornographically more pornographically most pornographically adv
pornographiquement
In a pornographic manner.

pornography /pɔɹˈnɑ.ɡɹə.fi/ /pɔː(ɹ)ˈnɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ pornographies n
pornographie
The explicit literary or visual depiction of sexual subject matter; any display of material of an erotic nature. [from mid-19th c.]

pornology n
pornologie

porosity porosities n
porosité
(uncountable) The state of being porous.
(countable) A measure of how porous a material is; the ratio of the volume of pores to the total volume

porous /ˈpɔːɹəs/ more porous most porous adj
poreux
Full of tiny pores that allow fluids or gasses to pass through.

porphyrite porphyrites n
porphyrite
A rock with a porphyritic structure.

porphyrogenite /ˌpɔːfəˈɹɒd͡ʒɪˌnaɪt/ porphyrogenites n
porphyrogénète
(historical) an honorific title given to a son of a reigning emperor in the Byzantine Empire, notably borne by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus

porpoise /pɔːˈpɔɪs/ /ˈpɔːpəs/ /ˈpɔːɹpəs/ porpoises n
marsouin
A small cetacean of the family Phocoenidae, related to dolphins and whales.

porridge /ˈpɑɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɒɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpɔɹɪd͡ʒ/ porridges n
bouillie gruau porridge
A dish made of grain or legumes, milk and/or water, heated and stirred until thick and typically eaten for breakfast.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ adj
port bâbord babord porter
(nautical) Of or relating to port, the left-hand side of a vessel when facing the bow.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ ports n
port
A place on the coast at which ships can shelter, or dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
vin de Porto
A type of very sweet fortified wine, mostly dark red, traditionally made in Portugal.
port bâbord babord
An opening or doorway in the side of a ship, especially for boarding or loading; an embrasure through which a cannon may be discharged; a porthole.
port bâbord babord porter
(nautical, aviation, uncountable) The left-hand side of a vessel, including aircraft, when one is facing the front. Used to unambiguously refer to directions relative to the vessel structure, rather than to a person or object on board.
port
A logical or physical construct in and from which data are transferred. Computer port on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
porter
(also, networking) A number that delimits a connection for specific processes or parts of a network service.

port /po(ː)ɹt/ /poət/ /pɔɹt/ /pɔːt/ v
port bâbord babord
(military) To hold or carry (a weapon) with both hands so that it lays diagonally across the front of the body, with the barrel or similar part near the left shoulder and the right hand grasping the small of the stock; or, to throw (the weapon) into this position on command.
porter
(computing, video games) To adapt, modify, or create a new version of, a program so that it works on a different platform. Porting (computing) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

port city port cities n
ville portuaire port
A city built around a port, for its defence, to provide infrastructural support, or as parasitic urban sprawl.

port of call ports of call n
escale
(nautical) any port (except its home port) being visited by a ship, especially to load or unload cargo or passengers or to take on supplies

port of registry ports of registry n
port d'attache

port wine port wines n
porto vin de Porto
A type of fortified wine traditionally made in Portugal.

portability portabilities n
portabilité
(software) The ability of a program (or software system) to execute properly on multiple hardware platforms.

portable /ˈpɔɹtəbl̩/ /ˈpɔɹtəbəl/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)təbl̩/ /ˈpɔː(ɹ)təbəl/ [ˈpʰɔɹɾɪ̈bl̩] more portable most portable adj
portable portatif
Able to be carried or easily moved.
portable
(computing) Of software: able to be run on multiple hardware or operating systems.

portable art n
art mobilier
(archaeology) Small pieces of prehistoric art that could be carried, as opposed to art applied to walls or cliffs, for example.

portable toilet portable toilets n
WC chimique toilette autonome toilette mobile toilette portable
A movable toilet, particularly a portable outhouse used where other lavatories are unavailable (as at a construction site) or insufficient (as at special events).

portal /ˈpɔːtəl/ /ˈpɔːɹtəl/ [ˈpʰɔːɹɾɫ̩] portals n
portail
An entrance, entry point, or means of entry.
(Internet) A website or page that acts as an entrance to other websites or pages on the Internet.
veine porte
(anatomy) A short vein that carries blood into the liver.
portique portail
A grandiose and often lavish entrance.

portal vein portal veins n
veine porte
(anatomy) A short, wide vein located in the abdominal cavity formed by the union of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins that channels blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to capillary beds in the liver.

portamento /pɔːtəˈmɛntəʊ/ portamenti portamentos n
port de voix
(music) A smooth, gliding transition from one note to another; used especially with stringed instruments, and sometimes on brass.

portcullis /pɔɹtˈkʌl.ɪs/ /pɔːtˈkʌl.ɪs/ portculli portcullises portcullisses portscullis n
herse
A gate in the form of a grating which is lowered into place at the entrance to a castle, fort, etc.
(historical) An English coin of the reign of Elizabeth I, struck for the use of the East India Company, and bearing the figure of a portcullis on the reverse.

porte cochère /ˌpɔɹt koʊˈʃɛɚ/ /ˌpɔːt kə(ʊ)ˈʃɛə/ porte cochères portes cochères n
porte cochère
(historical) A gateway through which horse carriages pass, often into a courtyard.
A porch, or roof without walls over a driveway, next to the entrance of a building which a vehicle can stop in or under to allow passengers to embark or disembark without being affected by bad weather.

portend /pɔɹˈtɛnd/ /pɔːˈtɛnd/ v
présager annoncer
(transitive) To serve as a warning or omen of.

porter /ˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/ /ˈpoətə/ /ˈpɔɹtɚ/ /ˈpɔːtə/ porters n
porteur
A person who carries luggage and related objects.
porter
(countable, uncountable, beer) A strong, dark ale, originally favored by porters (etymology 1, sense 1), similar to a stout but less strong.

portfolio /-oʊl.joʊ/ /-əʊl.jəʊ/ /poɹt-/ /pɔɹtˈfoʊ.liˌoʊ/ /pɔːtˈfəʊ.liˌəʊ/ portfolios n
portefeuille
A case for carrying papers, drawings, photographs, maps and other flat documents. [from 1720s]
(politics) The post and the responsibilities of a cabinet minister or other head of a government department. [from 1930s]
(finance) The group of investments and other assets held by an investor. [from 1950s]
portefeuille portfolio
(business) A collection of assets; (figurative) any collection of things considered as investments or assets.

porthole /ˈpɔː(ɹ)t.həʊl/ portholes n
hublot
(nautical) A circular window set in the hull of a ship.

portico /ˈpɔːtɪkəʊ/ portici porticoes porticos n
portique
A porch, or a small space with a roof supported by columns, serving as the entrance to a building.

portion /ˈpoəɹʃən/ /ˈpoɹʃən/ /ˈpoːɹʃən/ /ˈpɔɹʃən/ /ˈpɔːʃən/ portions n
portion part
An allocated amount.

portly /ˈpoʊɹtli/ /ˈpoːtliː/ /ˈpɔɹtli/ /ˈpɔːtli/ portlier portliest adj
corpulent fort
Somewhat fat, pudgy, overweight. [from 15th c.]

portmanteau /pɔːtˈmæn.təʊ/ /pɔːɹtˈmæntoʊ/ /ˌpɔːɹtmænˈtoʊ/ portmanteaus portmanteaux n
valise malle portemanteau
A large travelling case usually made of leather, and opening into two equal sections.

portmanteau word portmanteau words n
mot-valise amalgame
(linguistics) A word which combines the meaning of two words (or, rarely, more than two words), formed by combining the words, usually, but not always, by adjoining the first part of one word and the last part of the other, the adjoining parts often having a common vowel.

portolan /ˈpɔːtələn/ portolans n
portulan
(historic, nautical) A chart of European navigable waters based on descriptions of coasts. [from 18th c.]

portrait /ˈpoətɹeɪt/ /ˈpoətɹɪt/ /ˈpoʊɹtɹeɪt/ /ˈpoʊɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔɹtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔɹtɹət/ /ˈpɔːtɹeɪt/ /ˈpɔːtɹɪt/ portraits n
portrait
(countable) A painting or other picture of a person, especially the head and shoulders.
(countable, figuratively) An accurate depiction of a person, a mood, etc.
(computing, printing) A print orientation where the vertical sides are longer than the horizontal sides.

portraitist portraitists n
portraitiste
A painter or photographer who makes portraits.

portray /pɔɹˈtɹeɪ/ /pɔːˈtɹeɪ/ v
représenter dépeindre portraire
To paint or draw the likeness of.
décrire
(figuratively) To describe in words; to convey.

portress portresses n
tourière
a female porter (person in control of the entrance to a building)

pose /poʊz/ /pəʊz/ poses n
pose
Position, posture, arrangement (especially of the human body).

pose /poʊz/ /pəʊz/ v
poser disposer mettre
(transitive) To place in an attitude or fixed position, for the sake of effect.
poser
(transitive) To ask; to set (a test, quiz, riddle, etc.).
(intransitive) To assume or maintain a pose; to strike an attitude.
constituer représenter
(transitive) To constitute (a danger, a threat, a risk, etc.).

poseido- prefix
poséido-

poseidocentric more poseidocentric most poseidocentric adj
poséidocentrique
(astronomy) Having the planet Neptune at the center.

poseidocentric orbit poseidocentric orbits n
orbite poséidocentrique

poser /ˈpoʊzɚ/ /ˈpəʊzə(ɹ)/ posers n
colle
Someone who, or something which, poses; a person who sets their body in a fixed position, such as for photography or painting.

poseur /poʊˈzʊəɹ/ poseurs n
poseur crâneur crâneuse poseuse
One who affects some behaviour, style, attitude or other condition, often to impress or influence others.

posh /pɑʃ/ /pɒʃ/ /pəʊʃ/ more posh most posh posher poshest adj
bobo bourge huppé
Associated with the upper classes.
chic huppé
Stylish, elegant, exclusive (expensive).

posit /ˈpɑzɪt/ /ˈpɒzɪt/ posits n
postulat
Something that is posited; a postulate.

posit /ˈpɑzɪt/ /ˈpɒzɪt/ v
postuler
To assume the existence of; to postulate.
avancer postuler
To propose for consideration or study; to suggest.

position /pəˈzɪʃ.(ə)n/ positions n
position
A place or location.
A status or rank.
An opinion, stand, or stance.
A posture.
(team sports) A place on the playing field, together with a set of duties, assigned to a player.
poste
A post of employment; a job.

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ more positive most positive adj
positif
(law) Formally laid down. [from the 14th c.]
(physics) Having more protons than electrons.
(grammar) Describing the primary sense of an adjective, adverb or noun; not comparative, superlative, augmentative nor diminutive.
Characterized by the presence of features which support a hypothesis.
Favorable, desirable by those interested or invested in that which is being judged.
strictement positif positif
(mathematics) Of number, greater than zero. [from the 18th c.]

positive /-ɾɪv/ /ˈpɑzɪtɪv/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪv/ positives n
positif
(grammar) A degree of comparison of adjectives and adverbs.
(photography) A positive image; one that displays true colors and shades, as opposed to a negative.

positive degree n
degré positif positif
(grammar) That state of an adjective or adverb indicating simple quality, without comparison or relation to increase or diminution; as in wise, noble.

positive law positive laws n
droit positif

positive reinforcement n
renforcement positif
The giving of encouragement to a person who exhibits a particular behaviour with the result that such behaviour is repeated.

positive thinking n
pensée positive
Focusing on thoughts of success, as a strategy for achievement.

positively /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɪv.li/ /ˈpɒz.ɪ.tɪv.li/ /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.li/ /ˌpɒz.ɪˈtɪv.li/ more positively most positively adv
positivement

positivism /ˈpɑzɪtɪvˌɪzm/ /ˈpɒzɪtɪvˌɪzm/ positivisms n
positivisme
(philosophy) A doctrine that states that the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge, and that such knowledge can only come from positive affirmation of theories through strict scientific method, refusing every form of metaphysics.

positivity /ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɒz.ɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɔz.ɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/ [ˌpɑ.zɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] [ˌpɔz.ɪˈtɪv.ɪ.ɾi] positivities n
positivité
(uncountable) The condition of being positive (in all senses); positivism. Optimism.

positon positons n
positon
(physics) A positron, especially when compared with a negaton

positron /ˈpɑ.zɪ.tɹɑn/ /ˈpɒz.ɪ.tɹɒn/ positrons n
positron positon
(particle) The antimatter equivalent of an electron, having the same mass but a positive charge.

positron emission tomography positron emission tomographies n
TEP tomographie par émission de positons
(medicine) A medical imaging technique which detects the gamma rays produced by positrons emitted from injected radionuclides.

posology /pə-/ /pəʊˈsɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /pəˈzɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ posologies n
posologie
(countable, uncountable, pharmacy, pharmacology) The study of the dosages of drugs, especially the determination of appropriate dosages. [from 19th c.]

posse /ˈpɑ.si/ /ˈpɒ.si/ posses n
bande
(US, Jamaica, slang) A criminal gang. [from 20th c.]

possess /pəˈzɛs/ v
posséder
To have (something) as, or as if as, an owner; to have, to own.
posséder s'emparer de
Of a supernatural entity, especially one regarded as evil: to take control of (an animal or person's body or mind).

possessed /pəˈzɛst/ more possessed most possessed adj
possédé
controlled by evil spirits.

possessee /pɒˈzɛsiː/ possessees n
complément possédé
(grammar) Verb complement in some languages or some constructions of a given language; the noun which is possessed.

possession /pəˈzɛʃən/ possessions n
bien
Something that is owned.
possession propriété
Ownership; taking, holding, keeping something as one's own.
possessions
A territory under the rule of another country.
possession
The condition or affliction of being possessed by a demon or other supernatural entity.
(Australian rules football) A disposal of the ball during a game, i.e. a kick or a handball.

possessive /pəˈzɛsɪv/ more possessive most possessive adj
possessif
Of or pertaining to ownership or possession.
(grammar) Indicating ownership, possession, origin, etc.
Unwilling to yield possession of.

possessive adjective possessive adjectives n
adjectif possessif
An adjective expressing possession.

possessive case possessive cases n
possessif
(grammar) case used to express direct possession, ownership, origin, etc. Though similar in many ways to the genitive case, it is not always the same. Languages that have the possessive case include English and Quenya.

possessive determiner possessive determiners n
déterminant possessif
(grammar) A determiner used to demonstrate the possession of the thing referenced by the following noun; in English, they include my, his, her, our, your, its and their.

possessive pronoun possessive pronouns n
pronom possessif
(grammar) A pronoun which expresses possession.

possessive suffix possessive suffixes n
suffixe possessif
(linguistics) A suffix that indicates possession, occurs in some Uralic, Turkic, Semitic and Indo-European languages.

possessor [pʰəˈzɛsə(ɹ)] possessors n
possesseur possessrice
Agent noun of possess; one who possesses

possessory adj
possessoire
Of, pertaining to, having or arising from possession.

possibilism possibilisms n
possibilisme
(philosophy) The belief that possible things exist, as well as actual things.

possibilist possibilists n
possibiliste

possibilistic more possibilistic most possibilistic adj
possibiliste

possibility /ˌpɑ.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi/ /ˌpɒs.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ possibilities n
possibilité
The quality of being possible.

possible /ˈpɑ.sə.bl̩/ /ˈpɒ.sɪ.bl̩/ more possible most possible adj
possible
(usually, not comparable) Able but not certain to happen; neither inevitable nor impossible.
Being considered, e.g. for a position.
possible faisable
(comparable) Capable of being done or achieved; feasible.

possibly /ˈpɑsəbli/ /ˈpɒsɪbli/ more possibly most possibly adv
peut-être
possiblement
(modifying a verb) In the realm of possibility; indicates that the action may successfully be performed (is not impossible) regardless of any facts or circumstances known to, stated by or implied by the speaker that might limit the performance.

possum /ˈpɒsəm/ possums n
possum
Any of the marsupials in several families of the order Diprotodontia of Australia and neighboring islands.

post /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ posts n
poteau
A long dowel or plank protruding from the ground; a fencepost; a lightpost.
poste courrier
(obsolete) Each of a series of men stationed at specific places along a postroad, with responsibility for relaying letters and dispatches of the monarch (and later others) along the route. [16th–17th c.]
(dated) A station, or one of a series of stations, established for the refreshment and accommodation of travellers on some recognized route.
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A single delivery of letters; the letters or deliveries that make up a single batch delivered to one person or one address. [from 17th c.]
poste
An assigned station; a guard post.
message billet
A message posted in an electronic or Internet forum, or on a blog, etc. [from 20th c.]

post /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ v
afficher
(transitive) To hang (a notice) in a conspicuous manner for general review.
poster
To hold up to public blame or reproach; to advertise opprobriously; to denounce by public proclamation.
To inform; to give the news to; to make acquainted with the details of a subject; often with up.
poster mettre à la poste
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To send (an item of mail etc.) through the postal service. [from 19th c.]
poster
(Internet) To publish (a message) to a newsgroup, forum, blog, etc. [from 20th c.]

post horn post horns n
cornet
(music) A valveless musical instrument based on such a horn, used in orchestral music.

post office /ˈpoʊst ˌɑfɪs/ /ˈpoʊst ˌɔfɪs/ /ˈpəʊst ˌɒfɪs/ post offices n
bureau de poste poste
(countable) A place (building, office, shop, or counter) concerned with the business of delivering letters, post or mail and selling stamps, etc.
poste bureau de poste
(countable) An organisation that delivers letters.

post office box post office boxes n
boîte postale case postale
A uniquely addressable lockable box located on the premises of a post office that may be hired as collection point for mail.

post- /poʊst/ /pəʊst/ prefix
post-
after, later
(anatomy) behind

post-Homeric adj
posthomérique
After Homer.

post-Soviet adj
post-soviétique postsoviétique
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

post-apocalyptic more post-apocalyptic most post-apocalyptic adj
post-apocalyptique

post-it note post-it notes n
post-it pense-bête
A small piece of paper with an adhesive strip on one side.

post-op adj
post-op

post-production post-productions n
post-production
(cinematography, television) The stages of film (or audio) production happening between the actual filming (or recording) and the completed product.

post-transition metal post-transition metals n
métal de post-transition métal pauvre métal post-transitionnel
(chemistry) A poor metal, usually including gallium, indium, tin, thallium, lead, and bismuth, also known as B-subgroup metals, other metals, and p-block metals.

post-traumatic stress disorder n
trouble de stress post-traumatique
(psychology) A psychological condition that develops following some stressful situation or event, with symptoms such as sleep disturbance, recurrent dreams, flashbacks, hypervigilance, depression, dissociation, withdrawal or lack of concentration.

post-war adj
après-guerre
Pertaining to a period of time immediately following the end of a war; where there is a cessation of conflict.

postage /ˈpoʊstɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈpəʊstɪd͡ʒ/ postages n
affranchissement
The postage stamp, or similar token, affixed to an item of post as evidence of payment.

postage stamp postage stamps n
timbre timbre postal
A small piece of printed paper stuck on an item to be mailed, indicating that postage has been paid.
timbre-poste
(figuratively, colloquial) A very small area.

postal [ˈpoʊstl̩] [ˈpəʊstl̩] adj
postal
Relating to the collection, sorting and delivery of mail.

postal address postal addresses n
adresse postale
The address (of a person or business) to which mail is delivered, as distinct from the actual street address.

postal forgery postal forgeries n
faux pour servir
A forged stamp intended to defraud the post office, rather than defrauding stamp collectors.

postally adv
postalement

postally used adj
ayant circulé
(philately) Of a postage stamp, cancelled in the normal course of postal business, rather than to devalue it for sale to collectors.

postbellum adj
[[d’]][[après-guerre]]
(US) Of the period following the American Civil War, especially used in reference to the South.

postcard /ˈpoʊstˌkɑɹd/ postcards n
carte postale
A rectangular piece of thick paper or thin cardboard intended to be written on and mailed without an envelope. In the case of a picture postcard, one side displays a picture or photograph.

postclassical adj
postclassique post-classique
After the classical era (but sometimes before the medieval).

postcode /ˈpoʊs(t)ˌkoʊd/ /ˈpəʊs(t)kəʊd/ postcodes n
code postal
(Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A sequence of letters and numbers added to a postal address to aid the sorting and delivery of post or mail.

postcolonial adj
postcolonial
(philosophy) Of or pertaining to postcolonialism.

postcolonialism postcolonialisms n
études postcoloniales
An academic discipline that attempts to analyse, explain, and respond to the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism.

postcommunist adj
postcommuniste
After communism.

poste restante n
poste restante
A postal service in which a mail is held at a post office to be collected by the recipient

poster /ˈpoʊstɚ/ posters n
affiche poster
A picture of a celebrity, an event etc., intended to be attached to a wall.
An advertisement to be posted on a pole, wall etc. to advertise something.

poster child poster children n
figure emblématique
(chiefly, North America, idiomatic) One who is a prototypical or quintessential example of something.

posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɑˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɒˈstɪə.ɹi.ə/ more posterior most posterior adj
postérieur
(anatomy) Nearer the rear or hind end; nearer the caudal end of the body in quadrupeds or the dorsal end in bipeds.
(formal) Following in order or in time.

posterior /poʊˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɑˈstɪɹ.i.ɚ/ /pɒˈstɪə.ɹi.ə/ posteriors n
derrière
(euphemistic, humorous) The hinder parts of the body.
(maths) The probability that a hypothesis is true (calculated by Bayes' theorem).

posterity /pɒˈstɛɹɪti/ posterities n
postérité
All the future generations, especially the descendants of a specific person.

postern /ˈpɑstɚn/ /ˈpɒst(ə)n/ posterns n
poterne
A back gate, back door, side entrance, or other gateway distinct from the main entrance.

postglossator postglossators n
postglossateur
(historical, law) A legal scholar of the late Middle Ages, in the period after the glossators; a commentator.

posthitis /pɑsˈθaɪ.tɪs/ /pɒsˈθʌɪ.tɪs/ n
posthite

posthumous /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃə.məs/ /ˈpɒs.t͡ʃʊ.məs/ adj
posthume
Taking place after one's own death.
In reference to a work, published after the author's death.
(originally) Born after the death of one's father.

posthumous name posthumous names n
nom posthume
One of the honorary titles given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others in East Asia (China, Korea, Vietnam, and Japan) after the person's death.

posthumously adv
posthumement
After death.

postiche /pɑˈstiʃ/ /pɒsˈtiːʃ/ /pɔˈstiʃ/ postiche postiches n
postiche toupet
Any item of false hair worn on the head or face, such as a false beard or wig.

postilion /poʊˈstɪljən/ /pɒˈstɪlɪən/ /pəˈstɪljən/ postilions n
postillon
A rider mounted on the near (left) leading horse who guides the team pulling a carriage.

postlude /ˈpəʊstluːd/ postludes n
postlude
(music) The final part of a piece; especially music played (normally on the organ) at the end of a church service.

postmark postmarks n
cachet de la poste
A marking made by a postal service on a delivery, usually indicating the place where and the date and time when the item was received or processed for the first time, mostly serving to cancel a postage stamp.

postmodern more postmodern most postmodern adj
postmoderne
Of, relating to, or having the characteristics of postmodernism, especially as represented in art, architecture, literature, science, or philosophy that reacts against an earlier modernism.

postmodernism /pəʊstˈmɑdɚnɪzəm/ postmodernisms n
postmodernisme post-modernisme
Any style in art, architecture, literature, philosophy, etc., that reacts against an earlier modernist movement.

postmodernist more postmodernist most postmodernist adj
postmoderne
postmodern

postmodernist postmodernists n
postmoderne postmoderniste
An advocate or follower of postmodernism.

postmodernity postmodernities n
postmodernité
The state or condition of being postmodern.

postnatal adj
postnatal post-natal
after being born, of or pertaining to the period immediately after birth (of a baby)

postoperative /poʊstˈɑpəɹətɪv/ /pəʊstˈɒpəɹətɪv/ adj
postopératoire
Of, relating to, or occurring in the period after a surgical operation.

postorgasmic adj
postorgasmique
After an orgasm

postpandemic adj
post-pandémique
Following a pandemic

postpartum depression postpartum depressions n
dépression postpartum dépression périnatale
(psychiatry) Depression experienced by a parent, usually the mother, after childbirth.

postpone /poʊstˈpoʊn/ v
reporter différer remettre repousser postposer
To delay or put off an event, appointment, etc.

postponed more postponed most postponed adj
remis à plus tard reporté
Done later than originally planned; delayed.

postponement postponements n
ajournement
A delay, as a formal delay in a proceeding.

postposition postpositions n
postposition
(grammar) A word that has the same purpose as a preposition but comes after the noun.

postprandial /ˌpoʊs(t)ˈpɹæn.di.əl/ /ˌpəʊs(t)ˈpɹan.dɪ.əl/ adj
après le repas
After a meal, especially after dinner.

postrevolutionary adj
postrévolutionnaire
Occurring after a period of revolution.

postscript /ˈpoʊst.skɹɪpt/ postscripts n
post-scriptum
(countable) An addendum to a letter, added after the author's signature.

postscriptum /ˌpəʊstˈskɹɪptəm/ postscripta postscriptums n
post-scriptum
(rare) A thing that has been written afterwards; something appended in writing.

postsynaptic adj
postsynaptique
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that bears receptors for neurotransmitter released into the synaptic cleft by the presynaptic neuron.

posttonic adj
post-tonique
That immediately follows a stressed syllable

posttranslational adj
post-traductionnel
(genetics, biochemistry) Of or pertaining to the period after a protein has been translated from mRNA.

posttraumatic adj
post-traumatique
After, or as a result of, a trauma.

postulate /ˈpɑst͡ʃələt/ /ˈpɑst͡ʃəˌleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊlət/ postulates n
postulat
Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.
(logic) An axiom.

postulate /ˈpɑst͡ʃələt/ /ˈpɑst͡ʃəˌleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊleɪt/ /ˈpɒstjʊlət/ v
postuler
To assume as a truthful or accurate premise or axiom, especially as a basis of an argument.
(ambitransitive, Christianity, historical) To appoint or request one's appointment to an ecclesiastical office.
(ambitransitive, obsolete) To request, demand or claim for oneself.

postural /ˈpɑst͡ʃəɹəl/ /ˈpɒstʃəɹəl/ adj
postural
Relating to posture.

posture /ˈpɑst͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɒstʃə/ postures n
posture
(rare) The position of someone or something relative to another; position; situation.

postvocalic /ˌpəʊstvəʊˈkælɪk/ adj
postvocalique
(phonetics) (Of a phoneme) occurring after a vowel.

postwoman postwomen n
factrice
(rare) A female letter carrier, a woman who delivers mail.

pot /pɑt/ /pɒt/ /pɔt/ pots n
herbe beu beuh mari marie-jeanne pot
(slang, uncountable) Marijuana.
pot marmite chaudron
A vessel used for brewing or serving drinks: a coffeepot or teapot.
pot
(historical) Any of various traditional units of volume notionally based on the capacity of a pot.

pot calling the kettle black /ˈpɑt ˈkɔliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ /ˈpɒt ˈkɔːliŋ ðə ˈkɛtl̩ ˈblæk/ n
c'est l'hôpital qui se moque de la charité c'est l'hôpital qui se fout de la charité c'est l'hôpital qui se moque de l'infirmerie c'est la pelle qui se moque du fourgon c'est la poêle qui se fout du chaudron c'est la poêle qui se moque du chaudron
(idiomatic) A situation in which somebody comments on or accuses someone else of a fault which the accuser shares.

potable /ˈpoʊtəbəl/ /ˈpɑt-/ /ˈpɒt-/ /ˈpəʊtəbəl/ more potable most potable adj
potable
(formal) Good for drinking without fear of disease or poisoning.

potamoplankton potamoplanktons n
potamoplancton

potash /ˈpɑt.æʃ/ /ˈpɒt.æʃ/ potashes n
potasse
The water-soluble part of the ash formed by burning plant material; used for making soap and glass and as a fertilizer.
(chemistry) An impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed with other potassium salts.

potassium /pəˈtæsiəm/ potassiums n
potassium
A soft, waxy, silvery reactive metal that is never found unbound in nature; an element (symbol K) with an atomic number of 19 and atomic weight of 39.0983. The symbol is derived from the Latin kalium.

potassium chloride n
chlorure de potassium
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrochloric acid, KCl; it is used as a fertilizer, and in lethal injections

potassium cyanide n
cyanure de potassium
(inorganic compound) The potassium salt of hydrocyanic acid, KCN; the colourless crystals are soluble in water, and it is extremely poisonous, and is used in electroplating, the extraction of gold and silver from their ores, and in photography.

potassium dichromate potassium dichromates n
dichromate de potassium
(inorganic compound) A potassium salt of chromic acid, K2Cr2O7; the orange crystals are soluble in water, and it is used as an oxidizing agent and in photography.

potassium hydroxide n
hydroxyde de potassium potasse caustique
(inorganic compound) The alkaline base KOH, once known as caustic potash; it has a number of industrial uses, including the manufacture of bleach.

potassium nitrate n
salpêtre salpêtre du Chili
(inorganic chemistry) KNO3, a naturally occurring salt, notably used as an ingredient of gunpowder; also used a food preservative and as an ingredient in toothpaste for sensitive gums; historically used in the production of nitric acid (HNO3).

potato /pəˈteɪ.toʊ/ /pəˈteɪ.təʊ/ [pə̥ˈtʰeɪtʰəʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾoʊ] [pə̥ˈtʰeɪɾə] potatoes n
pomme de terre patate
The tuber of a plant, Solanum tuberosum, eaten as a starchy vegetable, particularly in the Americas and Europe; this plant.

potato chip potato chips n
chips croustille
(British, Australia) One of a batch of pieces of potato cut into elongated cubes and fried; a chip or chipped potato, usually larger than American french fries.

potato masher potato mashers n
presse-purée
A utensil used to mash potatoes.

potato pancake potato pancakes n
crêpe de pommes de terre galette de pommes de terre
A shallow-fried pancake of grated potato and egg, often flavored with grated onion.

potato salad potato salads n
salade de pommes de terre
A salad made from chopped boiled potatoes and a variety of other ingredients in a dressing.

potato starch potato starches n
fécule de pomme de terre
(gastronomy) A widely diffused vegetable substance found in the extracted material of potatoes used in cooking.

potbellied more potbellied most potbellied adj
bedonnant ventru
having a potbelly

potbellied pig potbellied pigs n
cochon vietnamien
A small Vietnamese domesticated pig, sometimes kept as a pet.

potbelly potbellies n
bedaine bidoche
A large, swollen, or protruding abdomen; a paunch. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

poteen /-tjiːn/ /-t͡ʃiːn/ /pəˈtiːn/ /ˈpɒ.tiːn/ poteens n
poitín potcheen poteen
(Ireland, countable, uncountable) Illegally produced Irish whiskey; moonshine. [from early 19th c.]
(Ireland, countable, by extension) An unlicensed drinking establishment selling illegally produced Irish whiskey.

potency /ˈpəʊtənsi/ potencies n
pouvoir puissance
Power, authority.

potent /ˈpoʊt(ə)nt/ /ˈpəʊt(ə)nt/ [-n̩ʔ] [ˈpʰoʊ̯ʔn̩t] more potent most potent adj
puissant
Powerful; possessing power; effective.

potentate /ˈpoʊ.tən.teɪt/ /ˈpəʊ.tən.teɪt/ potentates n
potentat podestat
A powerful leader; a monarch; a ruler.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ adj
potentiel
Existing in possibility, not in actuality.

potential /po(ʊ)ˈtɛnʃəl/ /pəˈtɛnʃəl/ potentials n
potentiel possibilité
A currently unrealized ability (with the most common adposition being to).

potential energy potential energies n
énergie potentielle
The energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring, as a chemical reactant, or by having rest mass).

potentially /pəˈtɛnʃ(ə)li/ more potentially most potentially adv
potentiellement
In a manner showing much potential; with the possibility of happening in a given way.

potentiation potentiations n
potentiation
(medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously

potentilla potentillas n
potentille
Any of many shrubs and herbs of the genus Potentilla; the cinquefoils.

potentiometer potentiometers n
potentiomètre
(electronics) A user-adjustable three-terminal variable resistor that can be used as a voltage divider.

potful potfuls potsful n
marmitée potée
as much as a pot will hold

potholder potholders n
manique menotte
An insulated pad used for handling hot cooking utensils

pothole potholes n
nid de poule fondrière
A shallow pit or other edged depression in a road's surface, especially when caused by erosion by weather or traffic.
A pit formed in the bed of a turbulent stream.

potion /pəʊ.ʃən/ /ˈpoʊ.ʃən/ potions n
potion
A small portion or dose of a liquid which is medicinal, poisonous, or magical.

potlatch /ˈpɑtˌlæt͡ʃ/ /ˈpɒtlætʃ/ potlatches n
potlatch
(Canada, US, also, figuratively) A ceremony amongst certain indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest in which gifts are bestowed upon guests and personal property is destroyed in a show of generosity and wealth.
auberge espagnole buffet canadien repas-partage
(US, chiefly, Alaska) A communal meal to which guests bring dishes to share; a potluck.

potlid potlids n
couvercle de pot
A lid that covers a pot.

potpourri /pəʊˈpɔː.ɹi/ /pəʊˈpʊə.ɹi/ /ˈpoʊ.pʊˌɹiː/ /ˌpoʊ.pʊˈɹiː/ /ˌpəʊ.pəˈɹiː/ potpourris n
pot-pourri
A collection of various things; an assortment, mixed bag or motley.
An anthology of miscellaneous prose.
(music) A medley of songs or music.
A mixture of dried fragrant plant material, often in a decorative bowl, used to scent a room.

potter /ˈpɑtɚ/ /ˈpɒtə/ potters n
potier potière
One who makes pots and other ceramic wares.

potter wasp potter wasps n
guêpe maçonne
A wasp of a group in the subfamily Eumeninae of family Vespidae.

potter's clay potter's clays n
argile glaise
The clay used by a potter.

potter's wheel potter's wheels n
tour de potier
A turntable type of machine used by a potter to form round pieces of pottery from wet clay.

pottery /ˈpɑtəɹi/ /ˈpɒtəɹi/ potteries n
poterie
Fired ceramic wares that contain clay when formed.
The potter's craft or art: making vessels from clay.

pouch /paʊt͡ʃ/ pouches n
sachet besace blague à tabac bourse giberne petit sac
A small bag usually closed with a drawstring.
marsupium mastothèque poche
(zoology) An organic pocket in which a marsupial carries its young.

pouf /puːf/ /pʊf/ poufs n
pouf
A low cushioned seat with no back; a padded footstool. [from 19th c.]

poultice /ˈpoʊltɪs/ poultices n
cataplasme emplâtre
A soft, moist mass, usually wrapped in cloth and warmed, that is applied topically to a sore, aching or lesioned part of the body to soothe it.

poultry /ˈpoʊltɹi/ /ˈpɒltɹi/ /ˈpəʊltɹi/ poultries n
volaille basse-cour volailles
The meat from a domestic fowl.

pounce /paʊns/ pounces n
poudre sable
(historical) A type of fine powder, as of sandarac, or cuttlefish bone, sprinkled over wet ink to dry the ink after writing or on rough paper to smooth the writing surface.

pounce /paʊns/ v
sauter sur
(intransitive) To leap into the air intending to seize someone or something.
fondre sur
(intransitive) To attack suddenly by leaping.
faire un trou perforer trouer
(transitive) To stamp holes in; to perforate.

pound /paʊnd/ pound pounds n
fourrière
A place for the detention of stray or wandering animals.
(UK) A place for the detention of automobiles that have been illegally parked, abandoned, etc.
livre
A unit of mass equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces (= 453.592 g). Today this value is the most common meaning of "pound" as a unit of weight.
A unit of currency in various currency systems
Any of various units of currency formerly used in the United States.

pound /paʊnd/ v
pilonner
(transitive) To strike hard, usually repeatedly.
(transitive, vulgar, slang) To penetrate sexually, with vigour.

pound cake pound cakes n
quatre-quarts
(US) A dense yellow cake, the traditional recipe for which consists of equal quantities (nominally one pound) of butter, eggs, flour, and sugar.

pound sterling /paʊnd ˈstɜː(ɹ).lɪŋ/ pounds sterling n
livre sterling
The currency of the United Kingdom.

pound the table v
taper du poing sur la table
(figuratively) To vehemently assert one's position.

pour /paʊəɹ/ /paʊɹ/ /po(ː)ɹ/ /poə/ /pɔɹ/ /pɔː/ v
verser se déverser
(transitive, figurative) To send out as in a stream or a flood; to cause (an emotion) to come out; to cause to escape.

pour oil on troubled waters v
calmer le jeu
(idiomatic) To calm, appease or quieten a person or situation.

pour one's heart out v
épancher
(intransitive, idiomatic) To express one's innermost thoughts or feelings effusively.

pour out v
verser
(transitive) To distribute or spread (something), as if it were a liquid.

pout /paʊt/ /pʌʊt/ pouts n
moue
One's facial expression when pouting.

pout /paʊt/ /pʌʊt/ v
faire la moue bouder
(intransitive) To push out one's lips.
bouder
(intransitive) To be or pretend to be ill-tempered; to sulk.

poutine /puˈtin/ /puːˈtiːn/ /puːˈtɪn/ [pʉuˈtɪin] poutines n
poutine
Chiefly with a qualifying word: any of a number of variations on the basic poutine dish.

poutine pizza poutine pizzas n
pizza poutine

poutinerie poutineries n
poutinerie
(chiefly, _, Canada) A restaurant that specializes in making poutine.

pouting /ˈpaʊtɪŋ/ pouting poutings n
tacaud commun
A fish in the cod family (Gadidae), Trisopterus luscus.

poverty /ˈpɑːvɚti/ /ˈpɒvəti/ poverties n
pauvreté
The quality or state of being poor; lack of money
A deficiency of something needed or desired

poverty line poverty lines n
seuil de pauvreté
(economics) The threshold of poverty, below which one's income does not cover necessities.

poverty-stricken more poverty-stricken most poverty-stricken adj
miséreux
Very poor.

powder /ˈpaʊ.də(ɹ)/ powders n
poudre
The fine particles which are the result of reducing a dry substance by pounding, grinding, or triturating, or the result of decay; dust.
(cosmetics) A mixture of fine dry, sweet-smelling particles applied to the face or other body parts, to reduce shine or to alleviate chaffing.

powder /ˈpaʊ.də(ɹ)/ v
pulvériser réduire en poudre se pulvériser se réduire en poudre
(transitive) To reduce to fine particles; to pound, grind, or rub into a powder.
saupoudrer poudrer pulvériser
(transitive) To sprinkle with powder, or as if with powder.
se poudrer se repoudrer
(intransitive) To use powder on the hair or skin.

powder horn powder horns n
corne à poudre cornet à poudre poire à poudre
A tool, usually made from an animal's horn, used to load gunpowder into a gun or cannon.

powder keg powder kegs n
poudrière
A barrel containing gunpowder.
(figuratively) An explosive or otherwise volatile situation.

powder snow n
poudreuse
Freshly fallen, uncompacted snow, especially in the context of Alpine skiing

powdered /ˈpaʊdəd/ /ˈpaʊdɚd/ more powdered most powdered adj
en poudre
which has been made into a powder
saupoudré
which has been covered with powder (typically referring to makeup)

powdered sugar /ˈpaʊ.dəd ˈʃʊɡ.ə/ /ˈpaʊ.dɚd ˈʃʊɡ.ɚ/ powdered sugars n
sucre glace sucre impalpable sucre à glacer sucre en poudre
(US) Very finely ground sugar to which cornstarch is added to prevent lumping, mostly used in icings and confections to produce a smooth texture.

powderflask powderflasks n
poire à poudre
A flask in which gunpowder is carried, having a charging tube at the end.

powdery /ˈpaʊdəɹi/ more powdery most powdery adj
poudreux
Of or pertaining to powder.

powdery mildew powdery mildews n
oïdium
A mildew affecting many important food crops, caused by fungi of the order Erysiphales.

power /ˈpaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /ˈpaʊ̯ə̯/ /ˈpaʊ̯ɹ/ /ˈpæʊ̯.ə/ [ˈpæɔ̯ə] [ˈpʰaə] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɚ] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɹ] [ˈpʰaː] [ˈpʰæʊ̯ə] [ˈpʰɑː] [ˈpʰɛəː] powers n
pouvoir puissance
(countable) The ability to affect or influence.
(social) The ability to coerce, influence, or control.
Control or coercion, particularly legal or political (jurisdiction).
courant électricité
Electricity or a supply of electricity.
puissance
Physical force or strength.
(physics, mechanics) A measure of the effectiveness that a force producing a physical effect has over time. If linear, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the displacement of or in an object) ÷ time. If rotational, the quotient of: (force multiplied by the angle of displacement) ÷ time.
(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject the null hypothesis when the alternative hypothesis is true.
A product of equal factors (and generalizations of this notion): x^n, read as "x to the power of n" or the like, is called a power and denotes the product x \times x \times \cdots \times x, where x appears n times in the product; x is called the base and n the exponent.

power /ˈpaʊ̯.ə/ /ˈpaʊ̯.ɚ/ /ˈpaʊ̯ə̯/ /ˈpaʊ̯ɹ/ /ˈpæʊ̯.ə/ [ˈpæɔ̯ə] [ˈpʰaə] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɚ] [ˈpʰaʊ̯ɹ] [ˈpʰaː] [ˈpʰæʊ̯ə] [ˈpʰɑː] [ˈpʰɛəː] v
alimenter
(transitive) To provide power for (a mechanical or electronic device).

power behind the throne powers behind the throne powers behind thrones n
éminence grise
(idiomatic) Someone who appears to be without special status, but who has great covert influence on a person in authority.

power broker power brokers n
éminence grise
A person or group having the ability to influence important decisions, especially in public policy, politics, and business.

power cut power cuts n
coupure de courant
An interruption in the supply of power (usually electricity).

power failure power failures n
panne de courant coupure d'electricité coupure de courant panne d'electricité
(electricity) An unscheduled or accidental break in the supply of electricity.

power forward power forwards n
ailier fort
(basketball) A forward who is the taller of the two forward positions, and is often responsible for scoring near the basket, collecting rebounds and blocking shots in defense.

power grid power grids n
réseau électrique
The infrastructure for distributing electrical power throughout a region.

power inverter power inverters n
onduleur
(electrical engineering) A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current electricity.

power line communication power line communications n
courant porteur en ligne
The distribution of data and other signals via electric power distribution wires

power move power moves n
coup de force
(figuratively) An aggressive action taken to demonstrate power and dominance.

power of attorney /ˌpaʊə(r) əv əˈtɜː(r)niː/ powers of attorney n
procuration
(uncountable, legal) The legal authorisation of one person to act as the agent of another.
(countable, legal) A legal document allowing one person to act as the agent of another.

power play power plays n
jeu de puissance
supériorité numérique
(ice hockey) A situation where a team has a numerical advantage on the ice due to one or more penalties given to the opposing team.

power set power sets n
ensemble des parties
(set theory, of a set S) The set whose elements comprise all the subsets of S (including the empty set and S itself).

power station power stations n
centrale électrique
An industrial complex where electricity is produced.

power steering n
direction assistée
(automotive) A system for reducing the driver's effort to steer, by using a power source to assist in turning the wheels.

power strip power strips n
multiprise
A block of electrical sockets that attaches to the end of a flexible cable and allows multiple electrical devices to be plugged in.

power struggle power struggles n
bras de fer lutte pour le pouvoir
A situation where two or more people or groups fight to gain dominance over each other.

power supply power supplies n
alimentation électrique
A source of power such as the mains or a generator.
That part of a piece of electronic apparatus that provides appropriate voltages for the rest of the electronics from the connected AC source.

power surge power surges n
surtension

power vacuum power vacua power vacuums n
vacance du pouvoir
A lack of centralised political authority, especially following a conflict, revolution, change of power, etc.

power-hungry more power-hungry most power-hungry adj
assoiffé de pouvoir avide de pouvoir qui a la soif du pouvoir
(idiomatic) Having a strong desire for power.
énergivore
(electronics) Of a device, using or requiring a large amount of electrical power.

powerbank powerbanks n
batterie externe
A portable device used to charge mobile phones and tablet computers.

powerful /ˈpaʊəfəl/ /ˈpaʊɚfəl/ more powerful most powerful powerfuler powerfulest powerfuller powerfullest adj
puissant
Having, or capable of exerting power, potency or influence.

powerfully /ˈpaʊəf(ə)li/ /ˈpaʊɚf(ə)li/ more powerfully most powerfully adv
fortement puissamment
In a powerful manner.

powerless /ˈpaʊələs/ /ˈpaʊɚləs/ more powerless most powerless adj
impuissant
Lacking sufficient power or strength.

powerlessness powerlessnesses n
impuissance
The state or character of being powerless; absence or lack of power.

powerlifting n
force athlétique dynamophilie
(disability, _, sport) A strength parasport, consisting of a single-rep benchpress.

powers that be n
autorités constituées
(idiomatic) The holders of power or the authorities in a given situation, especially if seen as being faceless or unreasonably bureaucratic.

pox /pɑks/ poxes n
petite vérole variole vérole
A disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pockmarks.

pp. n
p. pp.
()

practicability practicabilities n
praticabilité
The state of being practicable; feasibility

practicable /ˈpɹæktɪkəbəl/ adj
praticable

practical /ˈpɹæktɪkəl/ more practical most practical adj
pratique
Relating to, or based on, practice or action rather than theory or hypothesis.

practical joke practical jokes n
facétie farce traquenard
A playful trick done for amusement to the detriment of someone else.

practicality practicalities n
praticité
(uncountable) The state of being practical or feasible.

practically /ˈpɹæktɪk(ə)li/ more practically most practically adv
pratiquement
In practice; in effect or actuality, though possibly not officially.
quasiment pratiquement
Almost completely; almost entirely.

practice /ˈpɹæktɪs/ practices n
pratique
Repetition of an activity to improve a skill.
(uncountable, especially, medicine, arts) The ongoing pursuit of a craft or profession, particularly in medicine or the fine arts.
The observance of religious duties that a church requires of its members.
A customary action, habit, or behaviour; a manner or routine.
Actual operation or experiment, in contrast to theory.

practice makes perfect proverb
c'est en forgeant qu'on devient forgeron usage rend maître
If one practices an activity enough, one will eventually master it.

practice what one preaches v
prêcher d’exemple
(American spelling) To act in harmony with one's teachings and advice.

practise /ˈpɹæktɪs/ v
pratiquer s'entrainer
(transitive) To repeat (an activity) as a way of improving one's skill in that activity.
pratiquer
(transitive) To perform or observe in an habitual fashion.
To put into practice; to carry out; to act upon; to commit; to execute; to do.
exercer
(transitive) To pursue (a career, especially law, fine art or medicine).

practitioner /pɹækˈtɪʃənə/ /pɹækˈtɪʃənəɹ/ practitioners n
praticien
A person who practices a profession or art, especially law or medicine.

praetor /ˈpɹiːtɔː/ praetores praetors n
préteur
(history) The title designating a Roman administrative official whose role changed over time:

praetorship /ˈpɹiːtəʃɪp/ praetorships n
préture

pragmatic /pɹæɡˈmætɪk/ more pragmatic most pragmatic adj
pragmatique
Practical, concerned with making decisions and actions that are useful in practice, not just theory.

pragmatically more pragmatically most pragmatically adv
pragmatiquement
In a pragmatic manner.

pragmatics n
pragmatique
(linguistics, translation studies) The study of the use of language in a social context.

pragmatism /ˈpɹaɡmətɪzəm/ /ˈpɹæɡmətɪzəm/ pragmatisms n
pragmatisme
The pursuit of practicality over aesthetic qualities; a concentration on facts rather than emotions or ideals.
(politics) The theory that political problems should be met with practical solutions rather than ideological ones.
(philosophy) The idea that beliefs are identified with the actions of a believer, and the truth of beliefs with success of those actions in securing a believer's goals; the doctrine that ideas must be looked at in terms of their practical effects and consequences.

prairie /ˈpɹɛəɹi/ [ˈpɹɛɹi] prairies n
prairie
An extensive area of relatively flat grassland with few, if any, trees, especially in North America.

prairie dog prairie dogs n
chien de prairie chienne de prairie
Any of genus Cynomys, small, stout-bodied burrowing rodents with shallow cheek pouches, native to North America and Central America.

praise /pɹeɪz/ praises n
louange
Commendation; favourable representation in words.
Worship.

praise /pɹeɪz/ v
louer féliciter prôner vénérer
To give praise to; to commend, glorify, or worship.

praise the Lord interjection
gloire à Dieu louez le Seigneur loué soit le Seigneur
Phrase used to thank God by Christians.

praise to the skies /ˌpɹeɪz tə ðə ˈskaɪz/ v
porter aux nues
(transitive, idiomatic) To praise or laud (someone or something) excessively.

praiseworthy /ˈpɹeɪz.wɜː.ði/ /ˈpɹeɪz.wɝ.ði/ more praiseworthy most praiseworthy praiseworthier praiseworthiest adj
louable
Meriting praise; worthy of high praise

praline /pɹɑˈlin/ /ˈpɹeɪ.liːn/ /ˈpɹeɪˌlin/ /ˈpɹɑ.lin/ /ˈpɹɑˌlin/ /ˈpɹɑː.liːn/ /ˈpɹɔ.lin/ pralines n
praline praliné
A confection made from almonds and other nuts, caramelized sugar, and sometimes milk or cream.

pram /pɹæm/ prams n
landau
A small vehicle, usually covered, in which a newborn baby is pushed around in a lying position.
(colloquial, loosely) A pushchair; a buggy.

prance /pɹæn(t)s/ /pɹɑːn(t)s/ v
se cabrer
(of a horse) To spring forward on the hind legs.
parader
(colloquial, figuratively) To strut about in a showy manner.

prandial /ˈpɹæn.di.əl/ /ˈpɹæn.dɪ.əl/ adj
prandial
Of or pertaining to a meal, especially dinner.

prank /pɹæŋk/ pranks n
tour farce
A practical joke or mischievous trick.

prankster pranksters n
farceur farceuse plaisantin plaisantine
One who performs pranks.

praseodymium /ˌpɹeɪzioʊˈdɪmiəm/ praseodymiums n
praséodyme
A chemical element (symbol Pr) with an atomic number of 59, a soft, silvery, malleable and ductile metal, valued for its magnetic, electrical, chemical, and optical properties.

prasinous more prasinous most prasinous adj
prasin
Of a clear, light green color.

prate /pɹeɪt/ v
bavarder
(ambitransitive) To talk much and to little purpose; to be loquacious; to speak foolishly.

prattery n
pitrerie
Foolishness or foolish behaviour.

prattle /ˈpɹætəl/ v
bavarder
(ambitransitive) To speak incessantly and in an inconsequential or childish manner; to babble.

pratītyasamutpāda n
coproduction conditionnée

prawn /pɹoːn/ /pɹɔn~pɹɑn/ /pɹɔːn/ prawn prawns n
crevette
(Commonwealth) A crustacean, sometimes confused with shrimp.

prawn cocktail prawn cocktails n
cocktail de crevettes
A salad dish made from cooked, peeled, chilled prawns with a Marie Rose sauce, served on lettuce with lemon.

praxis /ˈpɹæk.sɪs/ praxes praxises n
habitude
Custom or established practice.

pray /pɹeɪ/ v
prier
(religion) To direct words, thoughts, or one's attention to a deity or any higher being, for the sake of adoration, thanks, petition for help, etc.
(obsolete) To ask earnestly for; to seek to obtain by supplication; to entreat for.

prayer /pɹɛə(ɹ)/ /pɹɛɚ/ /ˈpɹeɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹɛɹ/ prayers n
prière
(uncountable) A practice of communicating with one's God, or with some spiritual entity.
(countable) An act of praying.
The specific words or methods used for praying.
(countable) A request; a petition.
prières prière
A meeting held for the express purpose of praying.

prayer beads n
chapelet
A string of beads used by members of various religions to count prayers, chants or devotions.

prayer book prayer books n
missel eucologe
A book containing religious prayers

prayer flag prayer flags n
drapeau de prière
A colourful rectangular cloth hung from a thread and strung along mountain ridges and peaks high in the Himalayas by practitioners of Tibetan Buddhism to bless the surrounding countryside or for other purposes.

prayer rug prayer rugs n
tapis de prière
A small rug on which Muslims kneel to pray.

prayer shawl prayer shawls n
châle de prière
A tallit.

prayer wheel prayer wheels n
roue de prière moulin à prières
(Buddhism) A rotating cylinder either inscribed with or containing prayers, mainly used by Tibetan Buddhists.

praying mantis praying mantes praying mantises n
mante religieuse
Any of various predatory, cannibalistic insects of the order Mantodea that have a prayer-like stance.
(regional, in Europe) A mantid of the species Mantis religiosa.

pre- /pɹi/ /pɹiː/ /pɹɪ/ prefix
pré- avant
Before; earlier in time; beforehand.

pre-Christian adj
préchrétien
Pertaining to the time before the arrival of Christianity, particularly in Western Europe.

pre-Columbian adj
précolombien
Referring to the cultures of the Americas before the European influence, specifically to the era before the continent was visited by Christopher Columbus.

pre-Islamic adj
antéislamique préislamique

pre-Roman adj
préromain
Prior to the rise of the Roman Empire.

pre-Romanesque adj
préroman

pre-Socratic /ˌpɹiːsɒˈkɹætɪk/ adj
présocratique
(historical) Existing in Ancient Greece before the flourishing of the philosopher Socrates (circa 469–399 BCE).

pre-Socratic /ˌpɹiːsɒˈkɹætɪk/ pre-Socratics n
présocratique
(historical) Any of the pre-Socratic philosophers, viz. Thales (circa 624–546 BCE), Anaximander (circa 610–546 BCE), Anaximenes (circa 585–525 BCE), Pythagoras (circa 576–495 BCE), Xenophanes (circa 570–480 BCE), Heraclitus (circa 535–475 BCE), Parmenides (early-5th century BCE), Anaxagoras (circa 500–428 BCE), Empedocles (circa 490–430 BCE), and Democritus (circa 460–370 BCE).

pre-build adj
pré-build
Occurring before a build.

pre-ejaculate n
liquide pré-éjaculatoire
The clear, viscous fluid that is secreted from the penis before ejaculation.

pre-op adj
pré-op

pre-war adj
[[d']][[avant-guerre]]
Before a war.

preach /pɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
prêcher
(intransitive) To give a sermon.
(transitive) To advise or recommend earnestly.
prêcher proclamer
(transitive) To proclaim by public discourse; to utter in a sermon or a formal religious harangue.

preach to deaf ears v
parler à un mur parler à un sourd

preach to the choir v
prêcher un convaincu prêcher un converti
(idiomatic) To speak as if to convince a person or group of something they already believe.

preacher /ˈpɹit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈpɹiːt͡ʃə/ preachers n
prédicateur prêcheur
Someone who preaches a worldview, philosophy, or religion, especially someone who preaches the gospel; a clergyman or clergywoman.

preacheress preacheresses n
prédicatrice
A female preacher.

preaching band preaching bands n
rabat
(Christianity, in the plural) Two bands (strips of linen) worn as formal neckwear by members of the Christian clergy.

preadjust v
prérégler
(transitive) To adjust in advance.

preadolescence n
préadolescence
The period between childhood and adolescence, between the ages of about 9 and 11 for girls, and 10 and 12 for boys.

preamble /ˈpɹiˌæmbəl/ /ˈpɹiːˌambəl/ preambles n
préambule
A short preliminary statement or remark, especially an explanatory introduction to a formal document or statute.

preamplifier preamplifiers n
préampli préamplificateur
A voltage amplifier for amplifying a low-level input signal; its output is the input to a higher-level amplifier.

preantepenultimate /ˌpɹiˌæntipəˈnʌltɪmət/ /ˌpɹiˌæntəpəˈnʌltəmət/ /ˌpɹiːˌæntɪpɪˈnʌltɪmət/ adj
préantépénultième
(chiefly, phonetics, and, biology) Three before the end; fourth to last.

prebend prebends n
prébende
(obsolete) A stipend paid to a canon of a cathedral.

prebendary /ˈpɹɛbəndəɹi/ prebendaries n
prébendier
An honorary canon of a cathedral or collegiate church.

prebuccal adj
prébuccal

prebuild v
préconstruire
To build ahead of time.

prebuilt adj
préconstruit préfabriqué
Built in advance.

precalculate v
pré-calculer
To calculate in advance.

precalculus n
pré-calcul
A class in school taken before calculus to help students prepare for calculus.

precampaign precampaigns n
pré-campagne précampagne

precariat precariats n
précariat
(sociology, collective) People suffering from precarity, especially as a social class; people living a precarious existence, without security or predictability, especially job security.

precarious /pɹɪˈkɛə.ɹɪ.əs/ /pɹɪˈkɛɚ.i.əs/ more precarious most precarious adj
précaire
(comparable) Dangerously insecure or unstable; perilous.

precariously more precariously most precariously adv
précairement
In a precarious manner; dangerously.

precariousness n
précarité
A state of being uncertain or unstable.

precarity /pɹəˈkɛəɹɪti/ /pɹəˈkɛɹɪti/ precarities n
précarité
(sociology) A condition of existence without predictability or security, affecting material or psychological welfare.

precarization precarizations n
précarisation
(sociology) The process by which the number of people who live in precarity increases.

precative precatives n
précatif
(grammar) Mode expressing a wish, a prayer.

precaution /pɹiːˈkɑ.ʃən/ /pɹiːˈkɔ.ʃən/ /pɹiːˈkɔː.ʃən/ /pɹiːˈkɔːʃən/ /pɹɪˈkɑ.ʃən/ [pɹiːˈkɑ.ʃn̩] [pɹɪˈkɑ.ʃn̩] precautions n
précaution
Previous caution or care; caution previously employed to prevent misfortune or to secure good

precautionary more precautionary most precautionary adj
précautionneux
Of, pertaining to, or serving as a precaution.

precede /pɹiːˈsiːd/ /pɹəˈsiːd/ /pɹɪˈsiːd/ v
précéder
(transitive) To go before, go in front of.
(transitive) To have higher rank than (someone or something else).

precedence /pɹɪˈsiːd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹiːsɪd(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛsɪd(ə)ns/ precedences n
préséance
The state of preceding in importance or priority.

precedent /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ /ˈpɹiː-/ /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ /ˈpɹɛs-/ /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ adj
précédent
Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding. [from 14th c.]

precedent /pɹɪˈsiː.dənt/ /ˈpɹes.ə.dənt/ /ˈpɹiː-/ /ˈpɹiː.sə.dənt/ /ˈpɹɛs-/ /ˈpɹɛs.ɪ.dənt/ precedents n
précédent
An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.
décision de principe
(legal) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.

precept /ˈpɹiːsɛpt/ precepts n
précepte
A rule or principle, especially one governing personal conduct.

precession precessions n
précession
(physics, countable) The wobbling motion of the axis of a spinning body when there is an external force acting on the axis.
Any of several slow changes in an astronomical body's rotational or orbital parameters.

prechew v
prémâcher

precinct /ˈpɹisɪŋkt/ precincts n
enceinte
(chiefly, in the plural) An enclosed space having defined limits, normally marked by walls.
bureau canton
(UK) A pedestrianized and uncovered shopping area.
arrondissement de commune district
(US, law enforcement) A subdivision of a city under the jurisdiction of a specific group of police; the police station situated in that district.

precious /ˈpɹɛʃ.əs/ more precious most precious adj
précieux
Of high value or worth.

precious metal precious metals n
métal précieux
A rare metallic chemical element of high economic value, such as gold and platinum.

precious stone precious stones n
pierre précieuse
Any gem, such as a diamond or ruby, that is expensive because of its rarity or desirability; especially one set into a piece of jewelry.

preciousness preciousnesses n
mignardise préciosité
The condition of being precious.

precipice /ˈpɹɛs.ə.pɪs/ /ˈpɹɛsɪpɪs/ precipices n
précipice
A very steep cliff.

precipitate /pɹəˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹəˈsɪpɪtət/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪteɪt/ /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtət/ v
précipiter
(intransitive, chemistry) To come out of a liquid solution into solid form.

precipitation /pɹɪˌsɪpɪˈteɪʃən/ precipitations n
précipitation
(meteorology) Any or all of the forms of water particles, whether liquid or solid, that fall from the upper atmosphere (e.g., rain, hail, snow or sleet). It is a major class of hydrometeor, but it is distinguished from cloud, fog, dew, rime, frost, etc., in that it must fall. It is distinguished from cloud and virga in that it must reach the ground.
(countable, uncountable, chemistry) A reaction that leads to the formation of a heavier solid in a lighter liquid; the precipitate so formed at the bottom of the container.
(figuratively) Unwise or rash rapidity; sudden haste.

precipitous /pɹɪˈsɪpɪtəs/ adj
abrupt escarpé raide
Steep, like a precipice
précipité
Hasty; rash; quick; sudden

precipitously more precipitously most precipitously adv
abruptement
Abruptly; quickly.

precise /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ more precise most precise preciser precisest adj
précis
Exact, accurate.

precise /pɹɪˈsaɪs/ v
préciser
(nonstandard, NNES, or, European Union, _, documents, transitive) To make or render precise; to specify.

precisely /pɹɪˈsaɪsli/ more precisely most precisely adv
précisément
(manner) In a precise manner; exactly.

precision /pɹɪˈsɪʒ.ən/ [pɹɪˈsɪʒ.n̩] precisions n
précision
The state of being precise or exact; exactness.

preclassical adj
préclassique
Of or pertaining to a period before a classical period.

preclude /pɹiːˈkluːd/ /pɹɪˈkluːd/ v
exclure
(transitive) Remove the possibility of; rule out; prevent or exclude; to make impossible.

precocious /pɹəˈkəʊʃəs/ more precocious most precocious adj
précoce
Characterized by exceptionally early development or maturity.
Exhibiting advanced skills and aptitudes at an abnormally early age.

precognition /ˌpɹiːkɒɡˈnɪʃn̩/ precognitions n
précognition
(parapsychology) Knowledge of the future; understanding of something in advance, especially as a form of supernatural or extrasensory perception. [from 15th c.]

precolonial precolonials n
précolonial

precompiler precompilers n
précompilateur
(computing) A program or algorithm that precompiles.

preconceived /ˌpɹiːkənˈsiːvd/ adj
préconçu tout fait
(of an opinion or notion) Conceived beforehand: formed ahead of time.

preconception preconceptions n
préconception
An opinion formed before obtaining adequate evidence, especially as the result of bias or prejudice.

precondition preconditions n
condition préalable précondition
A condition that requires satisfaction before taking a course of action.
A medical illness, ailment, or adverse condition that exists before an insurance policy takes effect.

preconfiguration preconfigurations n
préconfiguration
configuration in advance

preconfinement adj
préconfinement

precosmic /pɹɪˈkɒz.mɪk/ adj
précosmique
Occurring or existing before the existence of the universe.

precursor /pɹɪˈkɜɹ.səɹ/ /pɹɪˈkɜː.sə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹiːˌkɜɹ.səɹ/ /ˈpɹiːˌkɜː.sə(ɹ)/ precursors n
précurseur précurseuse
That which precurses: a forerunner, predecessor, or indicator of approaching events.
précurseur réactif
(chemistry) One of the compounds that participates in the chemical reaction that produces another compound.

precursory adj
précurseur
Being or relating to a precursor; relating to events that will follow.

predation predations n
prédation
(zoology) The preying of one animal on others.

predator /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tə/ /ˈpɹɛd.ə.tɚ/ predators n
prédateur
Any animal or other organism that hunts and kills other non-plant organisms (their prey), primarily for food.

predator bug predator bugs n
punaise assassin réduve
Any of several species of African assassin bugs, especially Platymeris rhadamanthus.

predatory /ˈpɹɛdəˌtoɹi/ more predatory most predatory adj
prédateur
Of, or relating to a predator.

predawn predawns n
avant l'aurore
The period immediately preceding dawn.

predecease /ˌpɹiːdəˈsiːs/ predeceases n
prédécès
The death of one person or thing before another.

predecease /ˌpɹiːdəˈsiːs/ v
prédécéder
(transitive) To die sooner than.

predecessor /ˈpɹi.də.sɛs.ɚ/ /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹiːdɪsɛsɚ/ /ˈpɹɛd.ə.sɛs.ɚ/ predecessors n
prédécesseur prédécesseuse prédécessrice
One who precedes; one who has preceded another in any state, position, office, etc.; one whom another follows or comes after, in any office or position.
précédent
A model or type of machinery or device which precedes the current (or later) one. Usually used to describe an earlier, outdated model.

predefine v
prédéfinir
(transitive) To define in advance.

predefined adj
prédéfini
Having been defined or established previously.

predestination /pɹi.dɛs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ predestinations n
prédestination
(theology) The doctrine that everything has been foreordained by God or by fate.

predicament /pɹɪˈdɪkəmənt/ predicaments n
catégorie classe prédicament
A definite class, state or condition.
mauvaise passe situation difficile situation délicate
An unfortunate or trying position or condition.
catégorie
(logic) That which is predicated; a category.

predicate /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kət/ /ˈpɹɛd.ɪ.kɪt/ predicates n
prédicat
(grammar) The part of the sentence (or clause) which states a property that a subject has or is characterized by.
(logic) A term of a statement, where the statement may be true or false depending on whether the thing referred to by the values of the statement's variables has the property signified by that (predicative) term.

predicate calculus n
calcul des prédicats
(logic) The branch of logic that deals with quantified statements such as "there exists an x such that..." or "for any x, it is the case that...", where x is a member of the domain of discourse.

predicate logic predicate logics n
calcul des prédicats logique des prédicats
(logic) The generic term for symbolic formal systems like first-order logic, second-order logic, many-sorted logic or infinitary logic.

predicative /ˈpɹɛ.də.kə.tɪv/ /ˈpɹɛ.dɪ.kə.tɪv/ adj
attributif
(grammar, of an adjectival or nominal phrase) Modifying a noun while in a predicate phrase, which predicate phrase is other than the noun phrase and occurs after a verb, as a predicate; contrasted with attributive.

predicative /ˈpɹɛ.də.kə.tɪv/ /ˈpɹɛ.dɪ.kə.tɪv/ predicatives n
attribut prédicatif
(grammar) An element of the predicate of a sentence which complements the subject or object by means of the verb. Predicatives may be nominal or adjectival.

predicative adjective predicative adjectives n
adjectif attribut
(grammar) An adjective that is not part of the noun clause it modifies, but is linked to it with a copula.

predict /pɹɪˈdɪkt/ v
prédire
(transitive) To make a prediction: to forecast, foretell, or estimate a future event on the basis of knowledge and reasoning; to prophesy a future event on the basis of mystical knowledge or power.

predictability /pɹəˌdɪktəˈbɪlɪti/ predictabilities n
prévisibilité
The characteristic of being predictable.

predictable /pɹɪˈdɪktəbl̩/ more predictable most predictable adj
prédictible prévisible
Able to be predicted.

prediction /pɹɪˈdɪkʃən/ predictions n
prédiction prévision
A statement of what will happen in the future.

prediction market prediction markets n
marché de prédiction
A speculative market with the purpose of making predictions.

predictive /pɹɪˈdɪk.tɪv/ more predictive most predictive adj
prédictif
Useful in predicting.

predilection /ˌpɹiː.dəˈlɛk.ʃn̩/ /ˌpɹɛ.dəˈlɛk.ʃn̩/ predilections n
prédilection
A condition of favoring or liking; a tendency towards; proclivity; predisposition.

predisposed more predisposed most predisposed adj
prédisposé prédisposée
Inclined.

predisposition predispositions n
prédisposition
The state of being predisposed or susceptible to something, especially to a behavior or a health condition.

predominant /pɹɪˈdɒmɪnənt/ more predominant most predominant adj
prédominant
Common or widespread; prevalent.

predominantly /pɹɪˈdɒmɪnəntli/ more predominantly most predominantly adv
principalement essentiellement majoritairement
In a predominant manner. Most commonly or frequently by a large margin.

preeclampsia preeclampsias n
pré-éclampsie
(pathology) A complication of pregnancy, affecting about 2-20% of women, depending on location, characterized by hypertension and damage to the linings of the blood vessels of the brain, liver, lungs and kidneys, which can lead to multiple organ failure, convulsions, coma and death. The only cure is delivery of the child.

preemie preemies n
prématuré
(informal) A baby that has been born prematurely.

preeminent /pɹiːˈɛmɪnənt/ adj
prééminent
Exceeding others in quality or rank; of outstanding excellence, extremely notable or important. [from 15th c.]

preemption /priːˈɛmpʃən/ preemptions n
préemption
The purchase of something before it is offered for sale to others.

preemptive /pɹiːˈɛmp.tɪv/ more preemptive most preemptive adj
préemptif
Of or relating to preemption.
préemptif préventif
Made so as to deter an anticipated unpleasant situation.

preemptive strike preemptive strikes n
frappe préventive

preestablished harmony n
harmonie préétablie
(philosophy) Gottfried Leibniz's philosophical theory of causation, according to which every substance affects only itself, but all the substances in the world (both bodies and minds) nevertheless seem to interact with each other causally because they have been programmed in advance by God to harmonize with each other.

preexist v
préexister pré-exister
To exist before something else.

prefabrication prefabrications n
préfabrication
The manufacture of prefabricated components, and their assembly.

preface /ˈpɹɛfəs/ /ˈpɹɛfɪs/ prefaces n
préface
A beginning or introductory portion that comes before the main text of a document or book, typically serving to contextualize or explain the writing of the book and sometimes to acknowledge others' contributions.
(Christianity) A variable prayer forming the prelude or introduction to the Eucharistic Prayer or canon of the Mass, following the Sursum corda dialogue and leading into the Sanctus.

preface /ˈpɹɛfəs/ /ˈpɹɛfɪs/ v
préfacer
(transitive) To introduce or make a comment before (the main point).

prefatory more prefatory most prefatory adj
préfatoire
Serving as a preface or prelude; introductory, preliminary. [from 1670s]

prefect /ˈpɹiːfɛkt/ prefects n
préfet
(historical) An official of Ancient Rome who controlled or superintended a particular command, charge, department, etc.
The head of a prefecture in Japan.

prefecture /ˈpɹiˌfɛkt͡ʃəɹ/ /ˈpɹiːfɛktjʊə/ /ˈpɹiːfɛkt͡ʃə/ prefectures n
préfecture
The jurisdiction of a prefect; the region administered by a prefect, especially as a translation of certain French, Chinese, and Japanese administrative divisions.

prefer /pɹɪˈfɜː/ /pɹɪˈfɝ/ v
préférer
(transitive) To be in the habit of choosing something rather than something else; to favor; to like better. [from 14th c.]

preferable /pɹəˈfɜːɹəb(ə)l/ /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹəb(ə)l/ more preferable most preferable adj
préférable
Better than some other option; preferred.

preferably /pɹəˈfɜːɹəˌbli/ /ˈpɹɛfɹəˌbli/ more preferably most preferably adv
de préférence préférablement
In preference; by choice; in a preferable manner.

preferans n
préférence
A card game, related to bridge, Boston, and whist.

preference /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛf(ə)ɹɛns/ preferences n
préférence
The option to so select, and the one selected.
The state of being preferred over others.
A strong liking or personal valuation.

preferences n
préférences
(computing) The user-specified settings of parameters in interactive computer software

preferential /ˈpɹɛf.ɜː(ɹ)ˌɛn.ʃəl/ more preferential most preferential adj
préférentiel
Of or relating to the showing or giving of preference.

preferred /pɹɪˈfɜːd/ /pɹɪˈfɝd/ more preferred most preferred adj
préféré

prefigure /pɹiːfɪɡjɚ/ v
préfigurer
(often in a Biblical context) To show or suggest ahead of time; to represent beforehand.

prefix /pɹiːˈfɪks/ /pɹɛˈfɪks/ /ˈpɹiːfɪks/ prefixes n
préfixe
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning, for example as, pre- in prefix, con- in conjure, re- in reheat, etc.
(computing) An initial segment of a string of characters.
titre
A title added to a person's name, such as Mr. or Dr.

prefix /pɹiːˈfɪks/ /pɹɛˈfɪks/ /ˈpɹiːfɪks/ v
préfixer
(transitive) To put or fix before, or at the beginning of something; to place at the start. [from 16thc.]

prefixation prefixations n
préfixation
(linguistics) The adding of a prefix to a word.

prefrontal more prefrontal most prefrontal adj
préfrontal
Of, pertaining to or situated in the anterior part of the frontal lobe.

prefrontal cortex n
cortex préfrontal
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the mammalian brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.

prefunctionalization prefunctionalizations n
préfonctionnalisation

pregabalin n
prégabaline
(pharmaceutical drug) An anticonvulsant drug used for neuropathic pain and as an adjunct therapy for seizures.

preggers adj
en cloque
(informal) Pregnant.

pregnancy /ˈpɹɛɡnənsi/ pregnancies n
grossesse gestation
The period of time this condition prevails.
gestation
(uncountable) The progression of stages from conception to birth.

pregnancy test pregnancy tests n
test de grossesse
a piece of test equipment that determines whether a woman, or by extension, a female animal is pregnant

pregnant /ˈpɹɛɡnənt/ more pregnant most pregnant adj
enceinte gravide gestation pleine
(mostly, not comparable) Carrying developing offspring within the body.

preheat v
préchauffer
(transitive) to heat something in preparation for further action, especially cooking

prehensile /pɹiˈhɛnsəl/ /pɹɪˈhɛn.saɪl/ adj
préhensile
(zoology) Able to take hold of and clasp objects; adapted for grasping especially by wrapping around an object.

prehistoric more prehistoric most prehistoric adj
préhistorique
(properly) Of or relating to the epoch before written record.
(inexact, _, or, _, jocular) Ancient; very old, outdated, etc.

prehistory prehistories n
préhistoire
The time before written records in any area of the world; the events and conditions of those times.
(often, _, as, _, pre-history) The history leading up to some event, condition, etc.

preignition preignitions n
autoallumage
(automotive) The premature detonation of a fuel charge in Four-stroke cycle engines.

preimage preimages n
image réciproque préimage
(mathematics) For a given function, the set of all elements of the domain that are mapped into a given subset of the codomain; (formally) given a function ƒ : X → Y and a subset B ⊆ Y, the set ƒ−1(B) = {x ∈ X : ƒ(x) ∈ B}.

preindustrial adj
préindustriel
Of or relating to the period before the Industrial Revolution and the global industrialisation that followed.

prejudice /ˈpɹɛd͡ʒədɪs/ prejudices n
préjugé
(countable) An adverse judgment or opinion formed beforehand or without knowledge of the facts.
(countable) An irrational hostile attitude, fear or hatred towards a particular group, race or religion.
préjugé idée préconçue
(countable) A preconception, any preconceived opinion or feeling, whether positive or negative.
préjudice
(chiefly, obsolete) Mischief; hurt; damage; injury; detriment.

prejudicial more prejudicial most prejudicial adj
avec préjugé
Exhibiting prejudice or bias.
nuisible préjudiciable
Causing harm or injury; detrimental, harmful or injurious.

prelapsarian /pɹiːlapˈsɛːɹɪən/ adj
prélapsarien
(Judaism, Christianity) Of, or relating to the period of innocence before the Fall of man; innocent, unspoiled.

prelate /ˈpɹɛlət/ prelates n
prélat
A clergyman of high rank and authority, having jurisdiction over an area or a group of people; normally a bishop.

preliminarily adv
préliminairement
In a preliminary manner.

preliminary /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnəɹi/ /pɹɪˈlɪmɪnɛɹi/ adj
préliminaire
In preparation for the main matter; initial, introductory, preparatory.

prelude /ˈpɹeɪl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹiːl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹiːluːd/ /ˈpɹɛl(j)uːd/ /ˈpɹɛlɪu̯d/ preludes n
prélude
An introductory or preliminary performance or event.
(music) A short, free-form piece of music, originally one serving as an introduction to a longer and more complex piece; later, starting with the Romantic period, generally a stand-alone piece. [from 1650s]

premarital adj
prénuptial
Before marriage; before getting married.

premature /ˈpɹɛ.mə.tjə/ /ˌpɹi.məˈtʊɹ/ /ˌpɹi.məˈt͡ʃʊɹ/ /ˌpɹɛ.məˈtjʊə/ more premature most premature adj
prématuré
Occurring before a state of readiness or maturity has arrived.
Taking place earlier than anticipated, prepared for, or desired.

premature ejaculation premature ejaculations n
éjaculation précoce
A medical condition where a man, when initiating sexual intercourse, will experience an orgasm and expel semen after a time period far below the average, generally defined as one minute or less.

premature ejaculator premature ejaculators n
éjaculateur précoce

prematurely /ˌpɹiːməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ /ˌpɹɛməˈtjʊə(ɹ)li/ more prematurely most prematurely adv
prématurément
In a premature manner; too soon or too early.

premeditated adj
prémédité
Planned, considered, or estimated in advance; deliberate.

premeditation premeditations n
préméditation
The act of planning or plotting something in advance, especially a crime.

premenstrual syndrome n
syndrome prémenstruel
The physical and psychological malaise experienced by many women between ovulation and the onset of menstruation; premenstrual tension. [1953]

premier /pɹɪˈmɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹemjə/ /ˈpɹimjɚ/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ə/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ɛː/ /ˈpɹɛm.jə/ /ˈpɹɛm.jɛː/ adj
premier première
Foremost; first or highest in quality or degree.

premier /pɹɪˈmɪəɹ/ /ˈpɹemjə/ /ˈpɹimjɚ/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ə/ /ˈpɹɛ.mi.ɛː/ /ˈpɹɛm.jə/ /ˈpɹɛm.jɛː/ premiers n
premier ministre
(politics, non-Westminster) The government leader in a legislative congress or leader of a government-level administrative body; the head of government.

premiere /-ˈmiɚ/ /pɹəˈmɪɚ/ /pɹɪ-/ /ˈpɹɛmjɛə/ premieres n
première
The first showing of a film, play or other form of entertainment, often held as a special event with celebrity guests.

premise /ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/ premises n
prémisse
A proposition antecedently supposed or proved; something previously stated or assumed as the basis of further argument; a condition; a supposition.
(usually, in the plural, legal) Matters previously stated or set forth; especially, that part in the beginning of a deed, the office of which is to express the grantor and grantee, and the land or thing granted or conveyed, and all that precedes the habendum; the thing demised or granted.
local
(usually, in the plural) A piece of real estate; a building and its adjuncts.

premises /ˈpɹɛmɪsɪz/ v
local
land, and all the built structures on it, considered as a single place

premium /ˈpɹiː.miː.əm/ adj
haut de gamme

premium /ˈpɹiː.miː.əm/ premia premiums n
prix
A prize or award.
cotisation prime
(insurance) The amount to be paid for an insurance policy.

premolar premolars n
prémolaire
A tooth situated in front of the molar teeth; especially a tooth in humans with two cusps which is between the canines and the molars (Latin: singular dens premolaris, plural dentes premolares)

premonition /ˌpriːməˈnɪʃən/ /ˌprɛ-/ premonitions n
prémonition
A strong intuition that something is about to happen (usually something negative, but not exclusively).

premonitor premonitors n
prémoniteur prémonitrice
One who, or that which, gives premonition.

premonitory /pɹəˈmɑnɪˌtɔɹi/ /pɹɪˈmɒnɪtəɹi/ /pɹɪˈmɒnɪtɹi/ adj
prémonitoire
Serving as a warning or premonition.

prenatal adj
prénatal
Being or happening before birth.

prenominal adj
prénominal

prenuptial /pɹiˈnʌpʃəl/ adj
prénuptial
Occurring before marriage; antenuptial.

prenuptial agreement prenuptial agreements n
contrat de mariage
A legal document, signed by both parties before marriage, stating the legal claims on each other's estate upon a subsequent divorce.

preoccupied more preoccupied most preoccupied adj
préoccupé
Concerned with something else; distracted; giving one's attention elsewhere. [from 19th c.]

preoperative adj
préopératoire
Prior to surgery.

preoperative preoperatives n
pré-op pré-opéré

preorgasmic /ˌpɹiːɔːˈɡazmɪk/ adj
préorgasmique
Happening before an orgasm.

prep /pɹɛp/ preps n
prep

prepaid /pɹiːˈpeɪd/ adj
prépayé
paid for in advance

prepandemic adj
pré-pandémique prépandémique
Before a pandemic.

preparation /pɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/ preparations n
préparation
(uncountable) The act of preparing or getting ready.
A substance, especially a remedy, that is prepared.
concoction préparation
(countable) That which is prepared.

preparatory /-ˈpæɹ-/ /-ˈpɛəɹ-/ /-ˈpɛɹ-/ /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹət(ə)ɹi/ /ˈpɹɛp(ə)ɹətɔɹi/ adj
préparatoire
Of or pertaining to preparation, having the purpose of making something or someone ready, preparative.

prepare /pɹəˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛ(ə)ɹ/ /pɹɪˈpɛə/ /pɹɪˈpɛː/ v
préparer
(transitive) To make ready for a specific future purpose; to set up; to assemble or equip.
(intransitive) To make oneself ready; to get ready, make preparation.
préparer apprêter
(transitive) To make ready for eating or drinking; to cook.
préparer combiner
(transitive) To produce or make by combining elements; to synthesize, compound.

prepare the ground v
préparer le terrain

prepared /pɹɪˈpɛəd/ /pɹɪˈpɛɹd/ more prepared most prepared adj
préparé
(followed by the preposition to) Disposed, willing, ready (to do something).

preparty preparties n
présoirée
A party held before the start of an event, usually a public event.

prepatellar adj
prépatellaire
(anatomy) In front of the kneecap.

prepay v
prépayer
To pay in advance, or beforehand

prepayment prepayments n
prépaiement
A payment in advance.

prepend /pɹɪˈpɛnd/ v
préfixer
(computing, linguistics, transitive) To attach (an expression, phrase, etc.) to another, as a prefix.

preperitoneal adj
prépéritonéal
(anatomy) anterior to the peritoneum (between the parietal peritoneum and the abdominal wall)

preponderance /pɹəˈpɑndəɹəns/ /pɹəˈpɑndɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndəɹəns/ /pɹɪˈpɒndɹəns/ preponderances n
prépondérance
Superiority of influence, power, a quality, etc.; an outweighing, predominance, pre-eminence.

preposition /ˌpɹɛpəˈzɪʃən/ prepositions n
préposition
(grammar, strict sense) Any of a class of non-inflecting words typically employed to connect a following noun or a pronoun, in an adjectival or adverbial sense, with some other word: a particle used with a noun or pronoun (in English always in the objective case) to make a phrase limiting some other word.

preposition /ˈpɹiːpəˌzɪʃən/ v
prépositionner
To place in a location before some other event occurs.

prepositional adj
prépositionnel
Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of a preposition.

prepositional article prepositional articles n
préposition composée
(grammar) In some languages, such as French, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish, a contraction of a preposition and an article, e.g. au in French (a contraction of à and le).

prepositional case prepositional cases n
prépositionnel
(grammar) noun case serving as object of a preposition. Prepositions that often govern the prepositional case include "about", "in", "on", and "near". Russian is an example of a language that uses the prepositional case.

prepositional phrase prepositional phrases n
syntagme prépositionnel
(grammar) A phrase containing both a preposition and its object or complement; may be used as an adjunct or a modifier.

preposterous /pɹə-/ /pɹəˈpɑstəɹəs/ /pɹəˈpɑstɹəs/ /pɹɪˈpɒstəɹəs/ /pɹɪˈpɒstɹəs/ more preposterous most preposterous adj
insensé ridicule absurde aberrant
Absurd, or contrary to common sense.

preprandial /pɹiːˈpɹæn.dɪ.əl/ /ˌpɹiˈpɹæn.di.əl/ adj
préprandial
Occurring before a meal, especially dinner.

prepuberal adj
prépubéral
prepubertal

prepubertal adj
prépubertaire
Before puberty.

prepubescent more prepubescent most prepubescent adj
prépubère
Before the age at which a person begins puberty.

preputial adj
préputial
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the prepuce.

prequel /ˈpɹiːkwəl/ prequels n
prequel antépisode préquelle
(narratology) In a series of works, an installment that is set chronologically before its predecessor, especially the original narrative or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative work with at least one sequel.

prerectal adj
prérectal

prerequisite /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/ /pɹiˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ /pɹiːˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ adj
nécessaire préalable prérequis
Required as a prior condition of something else; necessary or indispensable.

prerequisite /pɹiˈɹɛkwəzət/ /pɹiˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ /pɹiːˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ prerequisites n
prérequis préalable
In education, a course or topic that must be completed before another course or topic can be started. May be colloquially referred to as a prereq.

prerevolutionary adj
prérévolutionnaire
Occurring before a revolution.

prerogative /pəˈɹɑ.ɡə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈɹɑɡ.ə.tɪv/ /pɹɪˈɹɒɡ.ə.tɪv/ prerogatives n
prérogative
An exclusive hereditary or official right or privilege.
A right, or power that is exclusive to a monarch etc, especially such a power to make a decision or judgement.

presage /pɹɪˈseɪdʒ/ /ˈpɹɛsɪdʒ/ presages n
présage
A warning of a future event; an omen.

presage /pɹɪˈseɪdʒ/ /ˈpɹɛsɪdʒ/ v
présager

presale presales n
prévente
The sale of something privately, before it is available to the public

presbyopia presbyopias n
presbytie
(pathology) Inability of the eye, due to ageing, to focus on nearby objects.

presbypropria n
presbyproprie
Inability of the proprioceptive system to accurately interpret actual limb position or movement due to physiological aging.

presbyter /ˈpɹɛsbɪtɚ/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtə/ /ˈpɹɛzbɪtɚ/ presbyters n
prêtre presbytre
An elder, priest, pastor, or minister in various Christian churches.

preschool adj
préscolaire
Of or relating to the years of early childhood before attendance at primary school.

prescience /ˈpɹɛsɪ.əns/ /ˈpɹɛʃɪns/ presciences n
prescience
Knowledge of events before they take place; foresight; foreknowledge.

prescient /ˈpɹiːʃ(i)ənt/ /ˈpɹiːʃiənt/ /ˈpɹɛsiənt/ /ˈpɹɛʃ(i)ənt/ more prescient most prescient adj
prescient presciente
Exhibiting or possessing prescience: having knowledge of, or seemingly able to correctly predict, events before they take place. [from early 17th c.]

prescribe /pɹəˈskɹaɪb/ /pɹɪˈskɹaɪb/ /ˌpɹiːˈskɹaɪb/ v
prescrire ordonner indiquer
(medicine) To order (a drug or medical device) for use by a particular patient (under licensed authority).
prescrire ordonner
To specify by writing as a required procedure or ritual; to lay down authoritatively as a guide, direction, or rule of action.

prescription /pɝˈskɹɪpʃən/ /pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/ adj
à prescription
only available with a physician or nurse practitioner's written prescription (of a drug, etc.)

prescription /pɝˈskɹɪpʃən/ /pɹəˈskɹɪpʃən/ prescriptions n
ordonnance
(medicine, pharmacy, pharmacology) A written order from an authorized medical practitioner for provision of a medicine or other treatment, such as (ophthalmology) the specific lenses needed for a pair of glasses.
prescription
(medicine) The medicine or treatment provided by such an order.
(legal) Synonym of enactment, the act of establishing a law, regulation, etc., particularly in writing; an instance of this.
(linguistics) The act of establishing or formalizing ideal norms for language use, as opposed to describing the actual norms of such use; an instance of this.
prescription extinctive prescription libératoire
(figurative) Any plan of treatment or handling; the treatment or handling thus provided.

prescription bottle prescription bottles n
bouteille de médicament
A container for prescription medications, usually a small plastic cylinder with a screw cap.

prescription glasses n
lunettes de vue

prescriptivism /pɹəˈskɹɪp.tɪ.vɪzm̩/ /pɹəˈskɹɪp.tɪv.ɪzm̩/ prescriptivisms n
normativisme prescriptivisme
(linguistics) The practice of prescribing idealistic norms, as opposed to describing realistic forms, of linguistic usage.

prescrotal adj
préscrotal

presence /ˈpɹɛz(ə)ns/ /ˈpɹɛzn̩s/ presences n
présence
The fact or condition of being present, or of being within sight or call, or at hand.
A quality of poise and effectiveness that enables a performer to achieve a close relationship with their audience.
A quality that sets an individual out from others; a quality that makes them noticed and/or admired even if they are not speaking or performing.
Something (as a spirit) felt or believed to be present.

presence of mind /ˌpɹɛz(ə)ns əv ˈmaɪnd/ /ˌpɹɛzn̩s əv ˈmaɪnd/ n
présence d'esprit
Focused alertness, good sense, quick-thinking resourcefulness, or stability of feeling and thought, especially in spite of circumstances which are distracting, stressful, or otherwise challenging.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ more present most present adj
présent actuel
Relating to now, for the time being; current.
Relating to something a person is referring to in the very context, with a deictic use similar to the demonstrative adjective this.
présent
Located in the immediate vicinity.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ presents n
présent
The current moment or period of time.

present /pɹiˈzɛnt/ /pɹəˈzɛnt/ /pɹɪˈzɛnt/ /ˈpɹɛzənt/ v
présenter
To bring (someone) into the presence of (a person); to introduce formally. [from 14th c.]
présenter exposer
(transitive) To put (something) forward in order for it to be seen; to show, exhibit. [from 14th c.]

present conditional present conditionals n
conditionnel présent

present continuous n
présent progressif présent continu
(grammar) A tense that describes an ongoing action in the present. In English it is formed by use of a form of be with a present participle.

present imperfect n
imparfait
A grammatical tense which presents the action in the present as continuous, not yet over

present participle present participles n
participe présent
(grammar) A nonfinite verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state and which can function as an adjective.

present perfect n
parfait présent parfait
(grammar) A perfect tense that expresses action in the past (usually completed) with consequences in the present time.

present tense present tenses n
présent
(grammar) A grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.

presentable /pɹəˈzɛntəbəl/ more presentable most presentable adj
présentable
In good enough shape to be shown or offered to other people; tidy; attractive.
(ecclesiastical) Capable of being presented to a church living.

presentation /pɹisɛnˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹizənˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɛzənˈteɪʃən/ presentations n
présentation conférence exposé
The act of presenting, or something presented.

presenteeism n
présentéisme
(chiefly, UK) The fact of being present at work, especially if one is too sick to be productive, or working beyond the expected hours. [from 20th c.]

presenter /pɹɪˈzɛntə(ɹ)/ presenters n
présentateur présentatrice
(radio, television) Someone who presents a broadcast programme; a compere or master of ceremonies.

presentiment /prɪˈzɛn.tɪ.mənt/ presentiments n
pressentiment
A premonition; a feeling that something, often of undesirable nature, is going to happen.

presentism presentisms n
présentisme
(philosophy) The view that neither the future nor the past exist (events and entities that are wholly past or wholly future do not exist at all).

preservation /pɹɛ.zɝˈveɪ.ʃən/ preservations n
préservation
The act of preserving; care to preserve; act of keeping from destruction, decay or any ill.

preservative /prɪˈzəːvətɪv/ preservatives n
conservateur
(countable) Any agent, natural or artificial that acts to preserve, especially when added to food.

preserve /pɹəˈzɜːv/ /pɹəˈzɝv/ preserves n
conserve confiture
A sweet spread made of any of a variety of fruits.
réserve naturelle
A reservation, a nature preserve.
domaine réservé
An activity with restricted access.

preserve /pɹəˈzɜːv/ /pɹəˈzɝv/ v
préserver
To protect; to keep from harm or injury.
conserver
To maintain throughout; to keep intact.

preset /priːˈsɛt/ /ˈpriːsɛt/ v
prérégler
(transitive) To set something in advance.

preside /pɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
présider
(intransitive) To act as president or chairperson.

presidency /ˈpɹɛzɪdənsi/ presidencies n
présidence
The office or role of president.
The time during which one is president; a president's term of office.

president /ˈpɹɛzɪdənt/ presidentess presidents n
président présidente
The head of state of a republic.
Primary leader of a corporation. Not to be confused with CEO, which is a related but separate position that is sometimes held by a different person.

president-elect /ˌpɹɛzɪdənt ɪˈlɛkt/ presidents-elect n
président élu présidente élue
(sum of parts) A person who has been elected to a presidency but has not yet been inducted into office. [from 18th c.]

presidential /pɹɛzɪˈdɛnʃ(ə)l/ more presidential most presidential adj
présidentiel
Pertaining to a president or presidency. [from 17th c.]

presidium /pɹɪˈsɪdi.əm/ presidia presidiums n
présidium
Such an executive committee headed by the President of the Supreme Soviet.

press /pɹɛs/ presses n
pressoir presse
(countable) A device used to apply pressure to an item.
imprimerie
(countable) A printing machine.
presse
(uncountable, collective) The print-based media (both the people and the newspapers).

press /pɹɛs/ v
presser appuyer
(ambitransitive) To exert weight or force against, to act upon with force or weight; to exert pressure upon.
(transitive) To force to a certain end or result; to urge strongly.

press charges v
accuser porter plainte
To formally accuse a person of a crime, especially by an ordinary person.

press conference press conferences n
conférence de presse
A question-and-answer session with members of television, print and other media.

press office press offices n
service de presse
A department within a company or organization with responsibility for dealing with the press.

press release press releases n
communiqué de presse
An official written statement that is sent to the media so that it can be publicized.

pressed duck n
canard au sang
A traditional French dish consisting of various parts of a duck served in a sauce of its blood and bone marrow, which are extracted by way of a press.

pressie /ˈpɹɛzi/ pressies n
cadeau
(slang) A present (gift).

presstitute presstitutes n
journalope journapute
(derogatory, sometimes, attributive) A person or media entity that misleadingly tailors news to fit a particular partisan agenda.

pressure /ˈpɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ [ˈpɹɛʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈpɹɛʃ.ɚ] pressures n
pression
A pressing; a force applied to a surface.
A contrasting force or impulse of any kind
Distress.
(physics) The amount of force that is applied over a given area divided by the size of this area; force per unit area.

pressure bandage pressure bandages n
pansement compressif

pressure cooker pressure cookers n
autocuiseur cocotte-minute marmite à pression
(cookware) A sealed cooking vessel that allows cooking in greater than atmospheric pressure and at a temperature above the boiling point of water.

pressure point pressure points n
point d'acupression point de pression
(martial arts) A specific small area of the body targeted, due to a cluster of nerves being close to the skin, usually not protected by bone.
(therapy) A specific small area of the body sensitive to and suitable for therapeutic pressure.

pressure valve pressure valves n
soupape de sécurité
A valve designed to open when subjected to a given amount of pressure. Also used figuratively.

pressure vessel pressure vessels n
réservoir à pression
A container designed to maintain a volume at a significantly different pressure to that of ambient.

pressure washer pressure washers n
kärcher nettoyeur haute-pression

pressurization pressurizations n
pressurisation
The act or process of increasing pressure within a volume of space.

pressurize /ˈpɹɛʃəɹaɪz/ v
pressuriser
To put pressure on; to put under pressure.

prestidigitation /ˌpɹɛstəˌdɪd͡ʒɪˈteɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɛstɪˌdɪd͡ʒɪˈteɪʃən/ prestidigitations n
prestidigitation
A performance of or skill in performing magic or conjuring tricks with the hands.
(by extension) A show of skill or deceitful cleverness.

prestidigitator prestidigitators n
prestidigitateur prestidigitatrice
One who performs feats of prestidigitation; a sleight-of-hand artist.

prestige /pɹəsˈtiːd͡ʒ/ /pɹəsˈtiːʒ/ /pɹɛsˈtiːd͡ʒ/ /pɹɛsˈtiːʒ/ /ˈpɹɛs.tɪd͡ʒ/ prestiges n
prestige
The quality of how good the reputation of something or someone is, how favourably something or someone is regarded.

prestigious /pɹə-/ /pɹɛˈstid͡ʒəs/ /pɹɛˈstɪd͡ʒəs/ more prestigious most prestigious adj
prestigieux
Of high prestige.

presumably /pɹɪˈzjuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈzuːməbli/ /pɹɪˈʒuːməbli/ more presumably most presumably adv
présumablement
able to be sensibly presumed

presume /pɹiˈz(j)um/ /pɹɘˈzjʉːm/ /pɹɘˈʒʉːm/ /pɹəˈz(j)um/ /pɹɪˈzjuːm/ /pɹɪˈzjʉːm/ /pɹɪˈʒʉːm/ v
présumer supposer
(transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]

presumed more presumed most presumed adj
présumé
Appearing to be the most probable, often with some preparations starting to be made for it.

presumption /pɹɪˈzʌmpʃən/ presumptions n
présomption
(legal) An inference that a trier of fact is either permitted or required to draw under certain factual circumstances (as prescribed by statute or case law) unless the party against whom the inference is drawn is able to rebut it with admissible, competent evidence.

presumption of innocence presumptions of innocence n
présomption d'innocence
(legal) The precept that someone will not be convicted of a crime unless (the judge, prosecutor, officer) proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and is non-liquet, with there being no present burden of proof duty subjected on the accused to prove innocence.

presumptive /pɹiˈzʌm(p)tɪv/ /pɹə-/ /pɹɪˈzʌm(p)tɪv/ more presumptive most presumptive adj
présomptif
Often postpositive, as in heir presumptive: of an heir or heiress: presumed to be entitled to inherit unless someone with a superior entitlement is born.
présomptif présumé
Based on presumption or conjecture; inferred, likely, presumed.

presumptuous /pɹiˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tjuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.tʃuː.əs/ /pɹəˈzʌmp.ʃəs/ /pɹəˈzʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ more presumptuous most presumptuous adj
présomptueux outrecuidant
Making unwarranted presumptions or assumptions, often out of arrogance or excessive self-confidence, and thus exceeding what is appropriate or right.

presumptuousness n
outrecuidance
The state of being presumptuous.

presuppose /ˌpɹiːsəˈpəʊz/ v
présupposer
To assume some truth without proof, usually for the purpose of reaching a conclusion based on that truth.

presymptomatic adj
présymptomatique
(medicine) relating to the early stages of a disease, before all symptoms have developed and therefore accurate diagnosis is not possible

presynaptic adj
présynaptique
(cytology) In a synapse, of or pertaining to the neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.

pretence /pɹɪˈtɛns/ /ˈpɹiːtɛns/ pretences n
prétention
(British spelling) An act of pretending or pretension; a false claim or pretext.

pretend /pɹiˈtɛnd/ /pɹəˈtɛnd/ /pɹɪˈtɛnd/ v
faire semblant feindre
To make oneself appear to do or be doing something; to engage in make-believe.
prétendre prétendre à
(transitive, obsolete) To intend; to design, to plot; to attempt.

pretender /pɹɪˈtɛndəɹ/ pretenders n
prétendant prétendante
A claimant to a throne or the office of a ruler; originally in a neutral sense, but now always applied to a claimant who is held to have no just title.
imposteur imposteuse
A person who professes beliefs and opinions that they do not hold.

pretension pretensions n
prétention
A claim or aspiration to a particular status or quality.
Pretentiousness.

pretentious /pɹɪˈtɛnʃəs/ more pretentious most pretentious adj
prétentieux
Marked by an unwarranted claim to importance or distinction.

pretentiously /pɹiːˈtɛnʃəsliː/ /pɹəˈtɛnʃəsliː/ /pɹɪˈtɛnʃəsliː/ more pretentiously most pretentiously adv
prétentieusement
In a manner with unwarranted claim to importance or distinction.

preterite /ˈpɹɛtəɹət/ /ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/ adj
du passé
(grammar, of a tense) Showing an action at a determined moment in the past.

preterite /ˈpɹɛtəɹət/ /ˈpɹɛtəɹɪt/ preterites n
prétérit
(grammar) A grammatical tense or verb form serving to denote events that took place or were completed in the past.

preternatural /ˌpɹi.tɚˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə)ɹ.əl/ /ˌpɹiː.təˈnæt͡ʃ.(ə)ɹ.əl/ more preternatural most preternatural adj
extraordinaire
Beyond or not conforming to what is natural or according to the regular course of things; strange.
surnaturel
(dated) Having an existence outside of the natural world.

pretext /ˈpɹiːtɛkst/ pretexts n
prétexte
A false, contrived, or assumed purpose or reason; a pretense.

pretonic adj
prétonique
That immediately precedes a stressed syllable

prettify /ˈpɹɪtɪfʌɪ/ v
enjoliver
To make pretty or prettier, to make more attractive, especially only in a superficial way. [from 17th c.]

prettily more prettily most prettily adv
joliment
In a pretty manner.

pretty /ˈpɔɪti/ /ˈpɝti/ /ˈpɹɪti/ /ˈpɹʊti/ [ˈpɹɪɾi] prettier prettiest adj
joli
Pleasant to the sight or other senses; attractive, especially of women or children. [from 15th c.]
Of objects or things: nice-looking, appealing. [from 15th c.]

pretty /ˈpɔɪti/ /ˈpɝti/ /ˈpɹɪti/ /ˈpɹʊti/ [ˈpɹɪɾi] adv
assez pas mal plutôt
Somewhat, fairly, quite; sometimes also (by meiosis) very.

pretty Polly phraseologicalUnit
Bonjour Jacquot
A phrase traditionally said to parrots, and that parrots are traditionally taught to speak.

pretty much adv
à peu de choses près
Almost completely; very nearly; mostly; more or less; basically.

pretty penny /ˌpɹɪti ˈpɛni/ [-ɾi-] pretty pennies n
coûter les yeux de la tête coûter un bras
(idiomatic, informal) Chiefly preceded by a: a considerable amount of money; a high income or price.

pretzel /ˈpɹɛt.səl/ [ˈpʰɹɛʔt͡sɫ̩] pretzels n
bretzel
(culinary) A toasted bread or cracker usually in the shape of a loose knot.

prevail /pɹɪˈveɪl/ v
dominer l'emporter prévaloir
(intransitive) To be superior in strength, dominance, influence, or frequency; to have or gain the advantage over others; to have the upper hand; to outnumber others.
prévaloir prédominer
(intransitive) To be current, widespread, or predominant; to have currency or prevalence.
persuader
(intransitive) To succeed in persuading or inducing.

prevalence /pɹɪˈveɪləns/ /ˈpɹɛvələns/ prevalences n
prédominance
The quality or condition of being prevalent; wide extension or spread.
prévalence
(epidemiology) The total number of cases of a disease in a given statistical population at a given time, divided by the number of individuals in that population.

prevalent /pɹɪˈveɪlənt/ /ˈpɹɛvələnt/ more prevalent most prevalent adj
répandu
Widespread or preferred.
prévalent
Superior in frequency or dominant.

prevaricate /pɹɪˈvaɹɪkeɪt/ /pɹɪˈvæɹɪkeɪt/ /pɹɪˈvɛɹɪkeɪt/ v
prévariquer
(transitive, intransitive, obsolete) To deviate, transgress; to go astray (from).
(intransitive, legal) To collude, as where an informer colludes with the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution.
se dérober éluder
(intransitive) To shift or turn from direct speech or behaviour; to deviate from the truth; to evade the truth; to waffle or be (intentionally) ambiguous.

prevarication /pɹɪˌvæɹəˈkeɪʃən/ /pɹɪˌvæɹɪˈkeɪʃən/ prevarications n
prévarication
(now, _, rare) Deviation from what is right or correct.
subterfuge échappatoire dérobade faux-fuyant
Evasion of the truth.
(law) A false or deceitful seeming to undertake a thing for the purpose of defeating or destroying it.

prevaricator prevaricators n
prévaricateur prévaricatrice
One who prevaricates.

prevent /pɹəˈvɛnt/ /pɹɪˈvɛnt/ v
empêcher prévenir
(transitive) To stop (an outcome); to keep from (doing something). [from 16th c.]

preventable more preventable most preventable adj
parable évitable
Capable of being prevented.

prevention /pɹɪˈvɛnʃən/ preventions n
prévention
The act of preventing or hindering; obstruction of action, access, or approach; thwarting.
(medicine) Any measure intended to limit health-related risks (such as information campaigns, vaccination, early diagnosis etc.).

prevention is better than cure proverb
mieux vaut prévenir que guérir
It is better to prevent the creation of a problem than to have to deal with it afterwards.

preventive /pɹɪˈvɛntɪv/ more preventive most preventive adj
préventif
Preventing, hindering, or acting as an obstacle to.
Slowing the development of an illness; prophylactic.

preventively adv
préventivement
In a preventive way

preverb preverbs n
préverbe
(grammar) A separable verb prefix or a particle that precedes a verb.

preverbal adj
préverbal
(psychology, linguistics) At an early stage of development in which one is not yet able to communicate by means of words.

preview /ˈpɹiːvjuː/ previews n
avant-première
aperçu prévisualisation
(computing) a facility for seeing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving and/or printing it.

preview /ˈpɹiːvjuː/ v
diffuser prévisualiser prévoir
(computing) To show something in advance, a facility for seeing and checking a document or photo, or changes to it, before saving and/or printing it.

previous /ˈpɹi.vi.əs/ /ˈpɹiː.vɪəs/ more previous most previous adj
préalable
(not comparable) Prior; occurring before something else, either in time or order.

previously /ˈpɹivi.əsli/ /ˈpɹiːvi.əsli/ adv
antérieurement précédemment auparavant autrefois
(with past-tense constructions) At an earlier time.

prevocalic /pɹi.voʊˈkæl.ɪk/ /pɹiː.vəʊˈkæl.ɪk/ adj
prévocalique
(phonetics) Immediately preceding a vowel or vowel sound

prey /pɹeɪ/ preys n
proie
That which is or may be seized by animals to be devoured.
butin prise
(archaic) Anything, such as goods, etc., taken or got by violence; something taken by force from an enemy in war.

priapic /pɹaɪˈeɪpɪk/ /pɹaɪˈæpɪk/ more priapic most priapic adj
priapique
Phallic. [from 1786]

priapism /ˈpraɪ.əˌpɪ.zəm/ priapisms n
priapisme
(pathology) A potentially painful or harmful medical condition in which the erect penis (erection) does not return to its flaccid state (despite the absence of both physical and psychological stimulation), often as a result of a spinal injury.

price /pɹaɪs/ /pɹʌɪs/ prices n
prix
The cost required to gain possession of something.
The cost of an action or deed.

price list price lists n
liste de prix
(business) A list of items for sale with their prices.

price maker price makers n
fixeur de prix

price skimming n
écrémage
(business) A price-setting strategy in which a new product or service is offered at the highest practical price (to capture consumer surplus or exploit a monopolistic position), and that price is then lowered over time.

priceless /-ləs/ /ˈpɹaɪslɪs/ more priceless most priceless adj
inestimable
So precious as not to be obtainable or sold at any price; invaluable. [from 1590s]

pricing /ˈpɹaɪsɪŋ/ pricings n
pricing
The act of setting a price.

prick /pɹɪk/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪk] pricks n
connard andouille emmerdeur enfoiré petit con pédé
An indentation or small mark made with a pointed object. [from 10th c.]
The experience or feeling of being pierced or punctured by a small, sharp object. [from 13th c.]
(slang, derogatory) Someone (especially a man or boy) who is unpleasant, rude or annoying. [from 16th c.]
(obsolete) The point on a target at which an archer aims; the mark; the pin.
bite queue paf pine vit zob
(obsolete) A tiny particle; a small amount of something; a jot. [10th–18th c.]

prick /pɹɪk/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪk] v
piquer
(obsolete) To mark or denote by a puncture; to designate by pricking; to choose; to mark.

prick up one's ears v
dresser l'oreille tendre l'oreille
To listen attentively.

prickle /pɹɪkəl/ prickles n
épine
A small, sharp pointed object, such as a thorn.

prickly pricklier prickliest adj
épineux
Covered with sharp points.
irascible irritable
(figurative) Easily irritated.

prickly pear /ˌpɹɪkli ˈpɛː/ prickly pears n
figuier de Barbarie
Any of various spiny cacti of the genus Opuntia.
figue de Barbarie
The fruit, often edible, of such a plant.

prickly saltwort /pɹɪk.li sɑlt.wɚt/ prickly saltworts n
soude brûlée
Salsola kali (syn. Kali turgidum), a coastal, halophilic, annual plant, with succulent, spiny leaves.

pride /pɹaɪd/ [ˈpɹ̥ʷaɪd] prides n
fierté orgueil
The quality or state of being proud; an unreasonable overestimation of one's own superiority in terms of talents, looks, wealth, importance etc., which comes across as being lofty, distant, and often showing contempt of others.
(having a positive sense, often with of or in) A sense of one's own worth, and scorn for what is beneath or unworthy of oneself.
Proud or disdainful behavior or treatment; insolence or arrogance of demeanor; haughty bearing and conduct; insolent exultation.
That of which one is proud; that which excites boasting or self-congratulation; the occasion or ground of self-esteem, or of arrogant and presumptuous confidence, as beauty, ornament, noble character, children, etc.
troupeau
(zoology, collective) A company of lions or other large felines.

pride comes before a fall proverb
qui fait le malin tombe dans le ravin
A person who is excessively proud will often suffer a setback or failure.

prie-dieu /pɹiːˈdjəː/ prie-dieus prie-dieux n
prie-Dieu
A piece of furniture on which someone can pray, consisting of a cushioned area to kneel on, with a built-in ledge for books. [from 17th c.]

priest /ˈpɹiːst/ [ˈpɹ̥iːst] priestess priests n
prêtre prêtresse sacrificateur sacrificatrice
A religious clergyman (clergywoman, clergyperson) who is trained to perform services or sacrifices at a church or temple.

priestess /priːˈstɛs/ /ˈpristɪs/ /ˈpriːstɛs/ priest priestesses n
prêtresse
A woman with religious duties and responsibilities in certain non-Christian religions.

priesthood /ˈpɹiːstˌhʊd/ priesthoods n
sacerdoce prêtrise
The role or office of a priest.
clergé sacerdoce
Priests as a group; the clergy.
sacerdoce
Authority to act in the name of God or the divine in general.

prig /pɹɪɡ/ prigs n
bégueule
A deliberately superior person; a person who demonstrates an exaggerated conformity or propriety, especially in an irritatingly arrogant or smug manner.

priggish /ˈpɹɪɡɪʃ/ more priggish most priggish adj
suffisant
Like a prig.

prim /pɹɪm/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪm] primmer primmest adj
collet monté guindé
prudish, straight-laced

prima donna /ˌpɹiːməˈdɒnə/ prima donnas primae donnae prime donne n
prima donna
(opera) The principal female singer or the leading lady.
(derogatory) A person who considers himself or herself much more important than others, has high expectations of others and becomes angry when his or her standards or demands are not met.

primacy /ˈpɹaɪ.mə.si/ /ˈpɹɪ.mə.si/ primacies n
primauté
The state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc.

primacy effect primacy effects n
effet de primauté
The increased ability to remember the first items in a list

primarily /pɹaɪˈmɛɹəli/ /ˈpɹaɪmɛɹəli/ adv
principalement surtout essentiellement
(focus) Of a primary or central nature, first and foremost

primary /ˈpɹaɪm(ə)ɹiː/ /ˈpɹaɪməɹi/ /ˈpɹaɪˌmɛɹi/ more primary most primary adj
primaire
First or earliest in a group or series.
prioritaire primaire
Main; principal; chief; placed ahead of others.

primary colour primary colours n
couleur primaire
(British spelling) Any of three colours which, when added to or subtracted from others in different amounts, can generate all other colours

primary education n
enseignement primaire
The basic schooling given to children up to the age of puberty, including reading, writing, and basic mathematics.

primary key primary keys n
clé primaire
(computing, databases) In the design of a database table, the primary key (abbreviated PK) is selected among the non-empty set of candidate keys. The PK is a column (or an irreducible group of columns) able to identify every row of the table.

primary school primary schools n
école primaire
(British, Australian, schools) A formal, obligatory kind of school that typically begins with nursery school or first grade and ends at fifth or sixth grade.

primary source primary sources n
source primaire
(scholarly studies) An original work, especially one by a notable author whose work is now the subject of commentaries (secondary sources).

primary stress primary stresses n
accent primaire
(phonetics) The stronger of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word.

primary tense primary tenses n
temps primaire

primase primases n
primase
(enzyme) An RNA polymerase involved in the initiation of DNA synthesis.

primate /ˈpɹaɪmeɪt/ primates n
primate primat
(zoology) A mammal of the order Primates, including simians and prosimians.
primat primate
(ecclesiastical) In the Catholic Church, a rare title conferred to or claimed by the sees of certain archbishops, or the highest-ranking bishop of a present or historical, usually political circumscription.
(ecclesiastical) In the Anglican Church, an archbishop, or the highest-ranking bishop of an ecclesiastic province.

primatologist primatologists n
primatologue
A scientist whose speciality is primatology

prime /pɹaɪ̯m/ primer primest adj
principal
First in importance, degree, or rank.
premier
First in time, order, or sequence.
(mathematics, lay) Having exactly two integral factors: itself and unity (1 in the case of integers).
de premier ordre excellent
First in excellence, quality, or value.

prime /pɹaɪ̯m/ primes n
nombre premier
(algebra, number theory) A prime element of a mathematical structure, particularly a prime number.

prime /pɹaɪ̯m/ v
amorcer apprêter
To apply priming to (a musket or cannon); to apply a primer to (a metallic cartridge).

prime factor prime factors n
facteur premier
(number theory) A factor of a given integer which is also a prime number.

prime factor v
décomposer en facteurs premiers

prime factorization prime factorizations n
décomposition en facteurs premiers
(mathematics) The factorization of a positive integer into its constituent prime numbers.

prime meridian prime meridians n
méridien d’origine premier méridien
The reference line at 0° longitude, passing through Greenwich, England, from which longitude east and west is measured.

prime minister /ˌpɹaɪm ˈmɪnɪstə(ɹ)/ prime ministers n
premier ministre première ministre chef du gouvernement
The chief member of the cabinet and head of the government, especially in a parliamentary democracy; often the leader of the majority party.

prime mover prime movers n
premier moteur
(philosophy) The initial agent that is the cause of all things.

prime number prime numbers n
nombre premier
(number theory) Any natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.

prime of life n
force de l'âge
(idiomatic) The period of one's mature life when one is at a peak of health and performance.

prime suspect prime suspects n
suspect principal
(legal) A person who is considered by the law enforcement agency investigating a crime to be the most likely suspect.

prime time n
heure de plus grande écoute première partie de soirée
(television, radio) The block of programming on television during the middle of the evening, usually between 7:00 pm and 11:00 pm.

primer /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/ primers n
amorce
Any substance or device, such as priming wire or blasting cap, used to ignite gunpowder or other explosive.
(biochemistry, genetics) A molecule which initiates the synthesis of an enzyme, (especially) a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule which initiates DNA replication.
sous-couche
A layer of such a substance.

primer /ˈpɹaɪ.mə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹaɪmɚ/ /ˈpɹɪ.mɚ/ primers n
abécédaire abc
A children's book intended to teach literacy: how to read, write, and spell.
An introductory text on any subject, particularly basic concepts.

primeval /ˌpɹaɪˈmi.vəl/ more primeval most primeval adj
primitif
Belonging to the first ages.
Primitive.
originel
Primary; original.

primeval forest primeval forests n
forêt primaire forêt vierge
A forest unaffected by humans, typically containing large live trees, large dead trees, and large logs.

primipara /pɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/ /ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpəɹə/ /ˌpɹaɪˈmɪpɹə/ primiparae primiparas n
primipare
(obstetrics, veterinary medicine) A woman or female animal during or after her first pregnancy. [from mid 19th c.]

primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/ more primitive most primitive adj
primitif

primitive /ˈpɹɪmɪtɪv/ primitives n
primitif
(linguistics) An original or primary word; a word not derived from another, as opposed to derivative.
primitif primitive
A member of a primitive society.
primitive
(programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.

primitive root primitive roots n
racine primitive
(mathematics, number theory) For a given modulus n, a number g such that for every a coprime to n there exists an integer k such that gk ≡ a (mod n); a generator (or primitive element) of the multiplicative group, modulo n, of integers relatively prime to n.

primitivism primitivisms n
primitivité
The state or quality of being primitive.
primitivisme
Any of a group of related styles in the arts, influenced by a belief in the superiority of primitive forms.

primogeniture primogenitures n
aînesse primogéniture
The state of being the firstborn of the children of the same parents.
droit d'aînesse
The principle that the eldest child, traditionally the eldest male, has an exclusive right of inheritance.

primordial /pɹaɪˈmɔɹ.di.əl/ /pɹaɪˈmɔː.di.əl/ adj
primordial
first, earliest or original

primordial soup primordial soups n
soupe primordiale
(informal, evolutionary theory) The state of the Earth's oceans at a very early time in the planet's history, during the early development of multicellular organisms.

primrose /ˈpɹɪm.ɹoʊz/ /ˈpɹɪm.ɹəʊz/ primroses n
primevère
A flowering plant of the genus Primula.
A flower of a primrose plant.

primula primulas n
primevère
(botany) Any plant of the genus Primula; the primroses.

prince /pɹɪns/ /pɹɪnts/ princes n
prince
Someone who is preeminent in their field; a great person. [from 13th c.]
The (male) ruler or head of a principality. [from 14th c.]
A male member of a royal family other than the ruler; especially (in the United Kingdom) the son or grandson of the monarch. [from 14th c.]

prince bishop prince bishops n
prince-évêque
A bishop who also holds a secular princely rank, regardless whether its territory concurs wholly or partially with his diocese.

prince regent /ˌpɹɪns ˈɹid͡ʒ(ə)nt/ /ˌpɹɪns ˈɹiːd͡ʒ(ə)nt/ prince regents princes regent princes regents n
prince régent
A prince who rules a country as a regent in place of a monarch who is unfit to rule for a particular reason.

princely /ˈpɹɪnsli/ princelier princeliest adj
princier
Relating to a prince; regal; royal.

princess /pɹɪnˈsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɛs/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪs/ princesses n
princesse
A female member of a royal family other than a queen, especially a daughter or granddaughter of a monarch. [from 14th c.]

principal /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ more principal most principal adj
principal
Primary; most important; first level in importance.

principal /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ principals n
principal
(finance, uncountable) The money originally invested or loaned, on which basis interest and returns are calculated.
directeur proviseur principal directrice proviseure
(North America, Australia, New Zealand) The chief administrator of a school.
donneur d'ordre mandant maître de l'affaire principal
(legal) A legal person that authorizes another (the agent) to act on their behalf; or on whose behalf an agent or gestor in a negotiorum gestio acts.

principal photography n
tournage principal
(cinematography) The phase of film production during which the film is actually shot, as distinct from pre-production and post-production.

principality /pɹɪnsɪˈpælɪti/ principalities n
principauté
(countable) A region or sovereign nation headed by a prince or princess. [from 14th c.]
(theology, countable) A spiritual being, specifically in Christian angelology, the fifth level of angels, ranked above powers and below dominions. [from 16th c.]

principate principates n
principat
(historical) The early period of the Roman Empire, during which some characteristics of the government of the Roman Republic were retained; the reign of any particular emperor during said period.

principle /ˈpɹɪnsəpəl/ /ˈpɹɪnsɪpəl/ principles n
principe
A fundamental assumption or guiding belief.
A rule used to choose among solutions to a problem.
(sometimes, pluralized) Moral rule or aspect.
(physics) A rule or law of nature, or the basic idea on how the laws of nature are applied.

principle of charity pn
principe de charité
(philosophy, rhetoric) The principle according to which an argument should be evaluated in light of its best, strongest possible interpretation.

principle of least astonishment pn
principe de moindre surprise
(software, user interface, design) A principle that the design should match the user's experience, expectations, and mental models.

print /pɹɪnt/ prints n
imprimé
(uncountable) Books and other material created by printing presses, considered collectively or as a medium.
empreinte
A visible impression on a surface.
estampe
(visual art) A picture that was created in multiple copies by printing.

print /pɹɪnt/ v
imprimer
(transitive) To produce one or more copies of a text or image on a surface, especially by machine; often used with out or off: print out, print off.

printable adj
imprimable
Worthy or capable of being printed.

printed /ˈpɹɪntɪd/ adj
imprimé
Written or published.

printed circuit board printed circuit boards n
circuit imprimé
(electronics) A flat board that holds chips and other electronic components in layers that interconnect via copper pathways, often called traces.

printer /ˈpɹɪntə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹɪntɚ/ [ˈpʰɹɪɾ̃ɚ] printers n
imprimeur imprimeuse
One who makes prints.
The operator of a printing press or the owner of a printing business; (metonymy) any printing business.
imprimante imprimeur
(now chiefly, _, computer hardware) A device, usually attached to a computer, used to print text or images onto paper; an analogous device capable of producing three-dimensional objects.

printing /ˈpɹɪntɪŋ/ printings n
imprimerie
(uncountable) The process or business of producing printed material by means of inked type and a printing press or similar technology.
tirage
(countable) All the copies of a publication that have been printed in one batch.

printing house printing houses n
imprimerie typographie
An institution or commercial company chiefly devoted to printing.

printing ink printing inks n
encre d'imprimerie
A rapidly drying type of ink specifically for printing machines.

printing press printing presses n
presse machine à imprimer
A mechanical device used for printing text or images repeatedly.

printing shop printing shops n
imprimerie
A workshop used primarily for printing.

prion /ˈpɹaɪən/ /ˈpɹiːɒn/ prions n
prion
(molecular biology) A self-propagating misfolded conformer of a protein that is responsible for a number of diseases that affect the brain and other neural tissue.

prior /ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ /ˈpɹaɪ.ɚ/ adj
préalable
Advance; previous; coming before.

prior /ˈpɹaɪ.ə/ /ˈpɹaɪ.ɚ/ priors n
antécédents casier (judiciaire)
(US, law enforcement) A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's record. [from 19th c.]
prieur
A high-ranking member of a monastery, usually lower in rank than an abbot.

prior to preposition
avant antérieur
(formal) before, previous to.

prioress prioresses n
prieure
A nun in charge of a priory (usually lower in rank than an abbess); mother superior.

prioritization /prʌɪˌɒrətʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ prioritizations n
priorisation
The process of assigning priorities to things or tasks.

prioritize /pɹaɪˈɒɹətaɪz/ /pɹaɪˈɔːɹətaɪz/ v
prioriser
(transitive, intransitive) To arrange or list a group of things in order of priority or importance.
(transitive) To rank something as having high priority.

prioritized more prioritized most prioritized adj
prioritaire antérieur précédant
with priority, having priority

priority /pɹaɪˈɒɹɪti/ /pɹaɪˈɔɹɪti/ priorities n
priorité
An item's relative importance.
A goal of a person or an organisation.

priority seat priority seats n
place prioritaire
A seat on public transport reserved for use by people with disabilities, the elderly, pregnant women and others in need.

priory /ˈpɹaɪ.əɹ.i/ /ˈpɹaɪəɹ.i/ priories n
prieuré
A monastery or convent governed by a prior or prioress.

prism /ˈpɹɪz(ə)m/ [ˈpʰɹ̠̊ɪzm̩] prisms n
prisme
(geometry) A polyhedron with parallel ends of the same size and shape, the other faces being parallelogram-shaped sides.
A transparent block in the shape of a prism (typically with triangular ends), used to split or reflect light.

prismatic /pɹɪzˈmætɪk/ more prismatic most prismatic adj
prismatique
Of or pertaining to a prism; having the form of a prism; containing one or more prisms.

prismatoid prismatoids n
prismatoïde
(mathematics) Any polyhedron whose vertices all lie in either of two parallel planes

prison /ˈpɹɪzən/ [pʰɹ̠̊ɪzn̩] prisons n
prison pénitencier geôle cabane
A place or institution where people are held against their will, in the US especially for long-term confinement, as of those convicted of serious crimes or otherwise considered undesirable by the government.
prison
(uncountable) Confinement in prison.

prison camp prison camps n
camp de prisonniers
A camp in which either prisoners of war or political prisoners are interned.

prison cell prison cells n
cellule
The room to which a prisoner is confined in a prison.

prison guard prison guards n
garde-chiourme gardien de prison surveillant pénitentiaire
(law enforcement) An armed person working to provide order, security, discipline, punishment, and prevent escapes of prisoners in a jail that answers to a warden.

prisoner /ˈpɹɪznə/ /ˈpɹɪzənə/ /ˈpɹɪzənɚ/ prisoners n
prisonnier prisonnière
A person incarcerated in a prison, while on trial or serving a sentence.
Any person held against their will.

prisoner of conscience prisoners of conscience n
prisonnier d'opinion
Anyone imprisoned because of his race, religion, or political views.

prisoner of war /ˈpɹɪz.(ə).nə əv ˈwɔː/ /ˈpɹɪz.(ə).nɚ əv ˈwoɹ/ prisoners of war n
prisonnier de guerre prisonnière de guerre
A combatant or soldier who is captured by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. [from early 17th c.]

prisoner swap prisoner swaps n
échange de prisonniers

pristine /pɹɪsˈtaɪn/ /pɹɪsˈtiːn/ /ˈpɹɪstiːn/ more pristine most pristine adj
immaculé parfait virginal
Unspoiled; still with its original purity; uncorrupted or unsullied.
primitif antique d'origine
Primitive, pertaining to the earliest state of something.

privacy /ˈpɹaɪ.və.si/ /ˈpɹɪv.ə.si/ privacies n
intimité confidentialité vie privée
(uncountable) The state of being secluded from the presence, sight, or knowledge of others.
intimité tranquillité
(uncountable) Freedom from unwanted or undue disturbance of one's private life.

privacy policy privacy policies n
politique de confidentialité
(legal) A statement detailing policies that an organization or party uses to collect or hide information about an end user or customer of the organization, particularly where it concerns private information.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ more private most private adj
privé personnel personnelle
Belonging or pertaining to an individual person, group of people, or entity that is not the state.
privé privée
Protected from view or disturbance by others; secluded; not publicly accessible.

private /ˈpɹaɪ.vət/ /ˈpɹaɪ.vɪt/ privates n
soldat simple soldat
A soldier of the lowest rank in the army.

private detective private detectives n
détective privé privé
Any agent hired by a private party for the purpose of investigation or evidence gathering.

private good private goods n
bien privé

private international law n
droit international privé
The law of a state that decides the law of which state is applied to legal relationships in civil and commercial matters that contain foreign elements.

private investigator private investigators n
détective privé
An agent hired by a private party for the purpose of investigation or evidence gathering.

private law n
droit privé
(legal) The area of law pertaining to the relationships between private persons (natural or legal persons including corporations), as opposed to relations between the state and private persons.

private life private lives n
vie privée
The aspects of one's life that are personal, such as family, friends and other personal relationships, as opposed to the elements that make up one's public or professional life.

private member's bill private member's bills n
proposition de loi
(legal, British, Canadian, Australian) A proposed law introduced by a member of a legislature who is not acting on behalf of the executive government.

private message private messages n
message privé
(Internet) A message sent to another user of a social media or chat platform through a private channel as opposed to a publicly accessible area or chatroom.

private parts n
parties intimes
(euphemistic) Those parts of the human body commonly expected to be covered by clothing when in public.

private property private properties n
propriété privée
(law, property law) Property to which individuals or corporations have certain exclusive property rights, but do not necessarily possess.

private school /ˈpɹaɪvət ˈskul/ /ˈpɹaɪvɪt ˈskuːl/ private schools n
école privée
A fee-charging private or independent school.

private sector private sectors n
secteur privé
(business) All organizations in an economy or jurisdiction that are not controlled by government, including privately owned businesses and not-for-profit organizations.

privateer /ˌpɹaɪ.vəˈtɪə/ /ˌpɹaɪ.vəˈtɪɚ/ privateers n
corsaire
(historical) A privately owned warship that acted under a letter of marque to attack enemy merchant ships and take possession of their cargo. [from 17th c.]
(historical) An officer or any other member of the crew of such a ship; a government-sanctioned pirate. [from 17th c.]

privation /pɹaɪˈveɪʃən/ /pɹɪˈveɪʃən/ privations n
privation
(philosophy) The state of being deprived of or lacking an attribute formerly or properly possessed; the loss or absence of such an attribute.

privative /ˈprɪvətɪv/ more privative most privative adj
privatif
consisting in the absence of something; negative
(grammar) indicating the absence of something

privatization privatizations n
privatisation
The transfer of a company or organization from government to private ownership and control.

privatize /ˈpɹaɪvətaɪz/ v
privatiser
(economics) To release government control (of a business or industry) to private industry.

privatizer privatizers n
privatiseur privatiseuse
One who, or that which, privatizes.

privet /ˈpɹɪv.ɪt/ privets n
troène
Any of various shrubs and small trees in the genus Ligustrum.

privilege /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪd͡ʒ/ privileges n
privilège
(countable) A particular benefit, advantage, or favor; a right or immunity enjoyed by some but not others; a prerogative, preferential treatment. [from 10th c.]

privilege /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪd͡ʒ/ v
privilégier
(archaic) To grant some particular right or exemption to; to invest with a peculiar right or immunity; to authorize

privileged /ˈpɹɪv(ɪ)lɪdʒd/ more privileged most privileged adj
privilégié
Having special privileges.

privy /ˈpɹɪvi/ more privy most privy adj
exclusif privé unique
(now, _, chiefly, _, historical) Private, exclusive; not public; one's own. [from early 13th c.]
complice instruit
With knowledge of; party to; let in on. [from late 14th c.]

privy council privy councils n
conseil privé
A body of advisers to a sovereign, functioning much as a cabinet.

prize /pɹaɪz/ prizes n
prix
An honour or reward striven for in a competitive contest; anything offered to be competed for, or as an inducement to, or reward of, effort.
That which may be won by chance, as in a lottery.

prize /pɹaɪz/ v
estimer
To consider highly valuable; to esteem.

pro /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ pros n
les avantages les pours
An advantage of something, especially when contrasted with its disadvantages (cons).
pro expert
A professional sportsman.
(colloquial) Professional.

pro bono /proʊ ˈboʊnoʊ/ /prəʊ ˈbəʊnəʊ/ adv
bénévolement
(legal, medicine) Without charging a fee.

pro forma adj
pour la forme
Occurring, undertaken, or performed as a perfunctory matter, in the interest of form, or for the sake of formality.

pro rata /ˌpɹəʊ ˈɹɑːtə/ adv
en proportion proportionnellement
(of an allocation) In proportion to some factor that can be exactly calculated.

pro- /pɹoʊ/ /pɹəʊ/ prefix
pro-
agreeing with; supporting; favouring

pro-European more pro-European most pro-European adj
europhile européiste
Supporting the idea of European integration.

pro-LGBT more pro-LGBT most pro-LGBT adj
pro-LGBT

pro-Russian adj
prorusse
Supportive of Russia or Russians. (This entry is a translation hub.)

pro-abortionist pro-abortionists n
partisan de l'avortement partisane de l'avortement
One who supports the practice or legality of abortion.

pro-choice adj
pro-choix
Supportive in general of a person's right to choose; supportive of self-determination, bodily integrity, and individual sovereignty.

pro-choicer pro-choicers n
partisan de l'avortement partisane de l'avortement
A person with pro-choice views, or who advocates such policies.

pro-life more pro-life most pro-life adj
anti-avortement
(chiefly, _, US) Opposed to the practice or legalization of abortion.

pro-verb pro-verbs n
pro-verbe
(linguistics, grammar) A pro-form used to substitute for a verb or verb phrase.

proa /ˈpɹoʊ.ə/ /ˈpɹəʊ.ə/ proas n
prao
A sailing vessel found in the waters of Micronesia and Indonesia; it has a single, large outrigger and a triangular sail.

proactive /pɹoʊˈæk.tɪv/ /pɹəʊˈæk.tɪv/ more proactive most proactive adj
proactif
Acting in advance to deal with an expected change or difficulty

proactively /pɹoʊˈæk.tɪv.li/ /pɹəʊˈæk.tɪv.li/ more proactively most proactively adv
proactivement
In a proactive manner; so as to look or plan ahead.

prob'ly /ˈpɹɒb.li/ more prob'ly most prob'ly adv
probab'ment
(colloquial, slang)

probabilistic /ˌpɹɑ.bə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk/ /ˌpɹɒb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk/ /ˌpɹɔb.ə.bɪˈlɪs.tɪk/ more probabilistic most probabilistic adj
probabiliste
(mathematics, probability theory) Of, pertaining to, or derived using probability.

probability /ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪləti/ /ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌpɹɒbəˈbɪlɪti/ [ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪləɾi] [ˌpɹɑbəˈbɪlɪɾi] probabilities n
probabilité
The relative likelihood of an event happening.
(mathematics) A number, between 0 and 1, expressing the precise likelihood of an event happening.

probability measure probability measures n
mesure de probabilité
(mathematics) A mathematical measure on a probability space that can take on values between 0 and 1, with 0 corresponding to the empty set and 1 to the entire space.

probability space probability spaces n
espace de probabilité
(mathematics) A measurable space having a unit measure

probability theory n
théorie des probabilités
(mathematics) The mathematical study of probability (the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems).

probable /ˈpɹɑbəbl̩/ /ˈpɹɒbəbl̩/ more probable most probable adj
probable
Likely or most likely to be true.
Likely to happen.

probably /ˈpɹɑbli/ /ˈpɹɑbəbli/ /ˈpɹɑəbli/ /ˈpɹɒbli/ /ˈpɹɒbəbli/ more probably most probably adv
probablement sans doute sûrement
In all likelihood.

probation /ˌpɹoʊˈbeɪʃən/ probations n
période d'essai
A period of time when a person occupies a position only conditionally and may be removed if certain conditions are not met
liberté conditionnelle
(legal) A type of sentence where convicted criminals are allowed to continue living in the community but will automatically be sent to jail if they violate certain conditions

probe /pɹoʊb/ /pɹəʊb/ probes n
sonde explorateur
(surgery) Any of various medical instruments used to explore wounds, organs, etc. [from 15th c.]
sonde perche
(aeronautics) A tube attached to an aircraft which can be fitted into the drogue from a tanker aircraft to allow for aerial refuelling. [from 20th c.]
sonde
(sciences) A small device, especially an electrode, used to explore, investigate or measure something by penetrating or being placed in it. [from 20th c.]
(astronautics) A small, usually uncrewed, spacecraft used to acquire information or measurements about its surroundings. [from 20th c.]
(biochemistry) Any group of atoms or molecules radioactively labeled in order to study a given molecule or other structure

probe-and-drogue adj
tuyau et panier
(aeronautics) Pertaining to a method of aerial refuelling whereby a probe from the receiving aircraft fits into a trailing hose with drogue attachment from a tanker aircraft.

probiotic more probiotic most probiotic adj
probiotique
Describing any dietary supplement that contains live bacteria for therapeutic purposes.

probiotic probiotics n
probiotique
(bacteriology) A food or dietary supplement, such as a yogurt, containing live bacteria for therapeutic reasons.

problem /ˈpɹɑbləm/ /ˈpɹɒbləm/ /ˈpɹɒblɪm/ problems n
problème
A difficulty that has to be resolved or dealt with.
A question to be answered, schoolwork exercise.
A puzzling circumstance.
Difficulty in accepting or understanding or refusal to accept or understand.

problematic /ˌpɹɑbləˈmætɪk/ /ˌpɹɒbləˈmætɪk/ more problematic most problematic adj
problématique
Posing a problem; having or suffering from problem(s):
Not settled, uncertain, of uncertain outcome; debatable, questionable, open to doubt.

problematic /ˌpɹɑbləˈmætɪk/ /ˌpɹɒbləˈmætɪk/ problematics n
problématique
(chiefly, in the plural) A problem or difficulty in a particular field of study.

problematology n
problématologie

problemist problemists n
problémiste
(chess) One who composes chess problems for other players to attempt to solve.

probly /ˈpɹɒbli/ more probly most probly adv
probabment
(colloquial, slang)

proboscis /pɹə(ʊ)ˈbɒs(k)ɪs/ proboscides proboscises n
proboscide trompe
(anatomy) An elongated tube from the head or connected to the mouth, of an animal.

proboscis monkey proboscis monkeys n
nasique
Nasalis larvatus, a reddish-brown arboreal Old World monkey with an unusually large nose, endemic to Borneo.

procedural /pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒ(ə)ɹəl/ more procedural most procedural adj
procédural
Related to procedure.

procedural memory procedural memories n
mémoire procédurale

procedure /pɹəˈsid͡ʒɚ/ /pɹəˈsiːd͡ʒə/ procedures n
procédure procédé
A particular method for performing a task.
procédure
A series of small tasks or steps taken to accomplish an end.
(uncountable) The set of established forms or methods of an organized body for accomplishing a certain task or tasks.
fonction procédure
(computing) A subroutine or function coded to perform a specific task, but does not return a value.

procedure mask procedure masks n
masque de procédure
A medical-grade mask worn during medical procedures.

proceed /pɹəˈsid/ /pɹəˈsiːd/ v
avancer
(intransitive) To move, pass, or go forward or onward; to advance; to carry on
procéder
(intransitive) To come from; to have as its source or origin.
(intransitive) To go on in an orderly or regulated manner; to begin and carry on a series of acts or measures; to act methodically

proceeding /pɹəˈsiːdɪŋ/ proceedings n
acte
(always in plural) A published collection of papers presented at an academic conference, or representing the acts of a learned society.

proceedings /pɹəˈsiːd.ɪŋz/ /ˈpɹəʊˌsiːd.ɪŋz/ n
compte-rendu
The published record of the actions of a society, or of things done at its meetings.

proceeds /pɹəˈsiːdz/ /ˈpɹoʊsidz/ /ˈpɹəʊsiːdz/ n
recette
Revenue; gross revenue.

proceleusmatic more proceleusmatic most proceleusmatic adj
procéleusmatique
(poetry, not comparable) Consisting of four short syllables; composed of metrical feet of four short syllables each.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ processes n
proceder procedé recette
processus procès
A series of events which produce a result (the product).
processus
A path of succession of states through which a system passes.
(anatomy) Successive physiological responses to keep or restore health.

process /-əs/ /ˈpɹoʊsɛs/ /ˈpɹɑsɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛs/ v
traiter
(transitive) To perform a particular process on a thing.
digérer
(transitive, figurative) To think about a piece of information, or a concept, in order to assimilate it, and perhaps accept it in a modified state.

processing /ˈpɹɑsɛsɪŋ/ /ˈpɹəʊsɛsɪŋ/ processings n
traitement
The act of taking something through a set of prescribed procedures.

procession /pɹəˈsɛʃən/ processions n
procession
The act of progressing or proceeding.
procession cortège
A group of people or things moving along in an orderly, stately, or solemn manner; a train of persons advancing in order; a retinue.
kyrielle
A number of things happening in sequence (in space or in time).

processor /ˈpɹɑˌsɛsɚ/ /ˈpɹəʊˌsɛsə(ɹ)/ processors n
microprocesseur
processeur
A device which processes, which changes something (a computer processor, food processor, etc.).

processual more processual most processual adj
processuel
Of or relating to a process, especially to the methodological study of processes in social science.

proclaim /pɹoʊˈkleɪm/ /pɹəʉˈklæɪm/ /pɹəʊˈkleɪm/ v
proclamer déclarer
To announce or declare.
proclamer
(dated, or, historical) To make [something] the subject of an official proclamation bringing it within the scope of emergency powers

proclamation /ˌpɹɑkləˈmeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒkləˈmeɪʃən/ proclamations n
proclamation
A statement which is proclaimed; formal public announcement.

proclitic /pɹoʊˈklɪt.ɪk/ /pɹəʉˈklɪt.ɪk/ /pɹəʊˈklɪt.ɪk/ [pɹoʊˈklɪɾ.ɪk] [pɹəʉˈklɪɾ.ɪk] proclitics n
proclitique
(linguistics) A clitic that joins with the following word phonetically, graphically, or both.

proclivity /pɹoʊˈklɪvəti/ /pɹoʊˈklɪvɪti/ proclivities n
tendance inclination penchant propension
A predisposition or natural inclination, propensity, or a predilection; especially, a strong disposition or bent.

proconsulship proconsulships n
proconsulat

procrastinate /pɹoʊˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/ /pɹəʊˈkɹæs.tɪ.neɪt/ /pɹəˈkɹæs.tə.neɪt/ /pɹəˈkɹæs.tɪ.næɪt/ v
procrastiner
(transitive) To put off; to delay (something).

procrastination /-ʃn̩/ /pɹoʊˌkɹæs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəʊˌkɹæs.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ procrastinations n
procrastination
The act of postponing, delaying or putting off, especially habitually or intentionally.

procrastinator procrastinators procrastinatrix n
procrastinateur
One who procrastinates; one who delays working on things.

procreate /ˌpɹəʊkɹiˈeɪt/ v
procréer
(transitive) To beget or conceive (offspring).

procreation procreations n
procréation
The process by which an organism produces others of its biological kind

proctologist proctologists n
proctologue
A doctor specializing in the colon, rectum, and anus; an expert in proctology.

proctology n
proctologie
The branch of medicine dealing with the pathology of the colon, rectum, and anus.
(dated) The branch of medicine dealing with the surgery of the colon, rectum, and anus.

proctor /ˈpɹɒktə(ɹ)/ proctors n
surveillant
(North America) A person who supervises students as they take an examination, in the United States at the college/university level; often the department secretary, or a fellow/graduate student; an invigilator.

procure /pɹəˈkjɔː/ /pɹəˈkjɝ/ /pɹəˈkjʊə/ /pɹəˈkjʊɹ/ v
procurer
obtenir acquérir
(transitive) To acquire or obtain.
proxénétisme
(transitive) To obtain a person as a prostitute for somebody else.

procurement /pɹoʊˈkjʊəɹ.mənt/ /pɹəˈkjʊə.mənt/ /pɹəˈkjʊəɹ.mənt/ procurements n
achats
(uncountable) The purchasing department of a company.
obtention
(countable) The act of procuring or obtaining; obtainment; attainment.

procuress /pɹəˈkjʊəɹɪs/ procuresses n
apporteuse d'affaires entremetteuse
A middlewoman: a woman who performs as a go-between, an intermediary.
entremetteuse
A female procurer.

procyclic adj
procyclique
(mathematics) That generates a cycle

prod /pɹɑd/ /pɹɒd/ v
pousser encourager tâter
(transitive) To poke, to push, to touch.
encourager
(transitive, informal) To encourage, to prompt.

prodigal /ˈpɹɑdɪɡəl/ /ˈpɹɒdɪɡəl/ [ˈpʰɹɑɾɪɡɫ̩] more prodigal most prodigal adj
prodigue
Wastefully extravagant.

prodigal son prodigal sons n
fils prodigue
Someone who returns home from travelling or exile or who is welcomed back after disgrace, especially having repented of former extravagant or immoral behaviour.

prodigality prodigalities n
prodigalité
Wasteful extravagance.
Lavish generosity.

prodigious /pɹəˈdɪd͡ʒəs/ more prodigious most prodigious adj
prodigieux
Extraordinarily amazing or exciting.

prodigy /ˈpɹɑdɪd͡ʒi/ /ˈpɹɒdɪd͡ʒi/ prodigies n
prodige miracle merveille prodigie
An amazing or marvellous thing; a wonder. [from 17th c.]
enfant prodige génie phénomène
An extremely talented person, especially a child. [from 17th c.]
augure auspices présage
(archaic) An extraordinary thing seen as an omen; a portent. [from 15th c.]

prodrome /ˈpɹoʊˌdɹoʊm/ prodromes n
prodrome
(medicine) An early sign or symptom (or set of signs and symptoms) warning of the onset of a disease.

produce /pɹəˈdjuːs/ /pɹəˈdus/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈpɹoʊ.dus/ /ˈpɹɑ.dus/ /ˈpɹɒdjuːs/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/ n
produits
Harvested agricultural goods collectively, especially vegetables and fruit, but possibly including eggs, dairy products and meat; the saleable food products of farms.

produce /pɹəˈdjuːs/ /pɹəˈdus/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈpɹoʊ.dus/ /ˈpɹɑ.dus/ /ˈpɹɒdjuːs/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒuːs/ v
produire
(transitive) To bring forth, to yield, make, manufacture, or otherwise generate.

producer /pɹəˈdjuːsə/ /pɹəˈduːsɚ/ /pɹəˈdʒuːsə/ producers n
producteur productrice
(economics) An individual or organization that creates goods and services.
(UK, Irish, slang) An arrest for speeding after which the driver is allowed seven (in the UK) or ten (in Ireland) days to produce his/her driving licence and related documents at a police station.

producer price index producer price indexes n
indice des prix à la consommation
(economics) A price index that measures the average changes in prices received by domestic producers for their output.

product /ˈpɹɑ.dəkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.dʌkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.əkt/ /ˈpɹɒd.ʌkt/ products n
produit
(mathematics) Any operation or a result thereof which generalises multiplication of numbers, like the multiplicative operation in a ring, product of types or a categorical product.
(chemistry) A chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
A consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances.
Any tangible or intangible good or service that is a result of a process and that is intended for delivery to a customer or end user.
The amount of an artifact that has been created by someone or some process.
(countable, uncountable) A commodity offered for sale.

product base product bases n
assortiment gamme de produits

product placement product placements n
placement de produit
(marketing) A form of advertising where a brand or product is incorporated into non-advertising media such as films.

product ring product rings n
produit d'anneaux
(mathematics, ring theory) A ring that is the direct product of rings.

production /pɹəˈdʌkʃən/ productions n
production
The act of producing, making or creating something. [from 15th c.]
The act of being produced.
The total amount produced.

production order production orders n
ordre de fabrication

productive /pɹəˈdʌk.təv/ /pɹəˈdʌk.tɪv/ more productive most productive adj
productif
Capable of producing something, especially in abundance; fertile.
Yielding good or useful results; constructive.

productivity /ˌpɹoʊdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌpɹɑdʌkˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌpɹɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ productivities n
productivité
The state of being productive, fertile or efficient.

productization productizations n
productisation
(computing, business) The act of modifying something, such as a concept or a tool internal to an organization, to make it suitable as a commercial product.

proembryo proembryos n
pro-embryon proembryon
(botany) A cluster of cells in the ovule of a fertilized flowering plant that has not yet formed into an embryo

profane /pɹəˈfeɪn/ more profane most profane profaner profanest adj
impur profane sale
Unclean; ritually impure; unholy, desecrating a holy place or thing.
profane
Not sacred or holy, unconsecrated; relating to non-religious matters, secular.
sacrilège
Treating sacred things with contempt, disrespect, irreverence, or scorn; blasphemous, impious.

profane /pɹəˈfeɪn/ v
profaner
(transitive) To violate (something sacred); to treat with abuse, irreverence, obloquy, or contempt; to desecrate

profaner profaners n
profanateur profanatrice

profanity profanities n
impiété
(uncountable) The quality of being profane; quality of irreverence, of treating sacred things with contempt.
gros mot grossièreté insanité vulgarité
(countable) Obscene, lewd or abusive language.

profeminism profeminisms n
pro-féminisme proféminisme
Support for feminism.

profeminist profeminists n
proféministe
A supporter of feminism.

profer /pɹəʊˈfɜː/ v
exprimer prononcer
To utter; to pronounce.

profession /pɹəˈfɛʃən/ professions n
profession
(religion) A promise or vow made on entering a religious order. [from 12th c.]
The declaration of belief in the principles of a religion; hence, one's faith or religion. [from 16th c.]
profession corps de métier
An occupation, trade, craft, or activity in which one has a professed expertise in a particular area; a job, especially one requiring a high level of skill or training. [from 15th c.]
profession métier
Professional occupation.

profession of faith professions of faith n
profession de foi
(religion) A creed; a (typically formulaic) statement of the beliefs of one's religion, often recited during public prayers or liturgies.
(religion, Christianity, specifically) A formulaic declaration asserting the orthodoxy of one's beliefs, usually made at baptism, entry into a particular Church, or upon the acceptance of an ecclesial office, and typically including the recitation of a creed.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ more professional most professional adj
professionnel
Of, pertaining to, or in accordance with the (usually high) standards of a profession.
That is carried out for money, especially as a livelihood.
(by extension) Expert.

professional /pɹəˈfɛʃənəl/ professionals n
professionnel professionnelle
An expert.

professional secrecy n
secret médical secret professionnel

professional wrestling n
catch
A form of sports entertainment characterized by the performance of choreographed wrestling matches with predetermined outcomes.

professionalism /pɹəˈfɛʃənəˌlɪzəm/ professionalisms n
professionnalisme
The status, methods, character or standards expected of a professional or of a professional organization, such as reliability, discretion, evenhandedness, and fair play.

professionality professionalities n
professionnalisme
The condition of being professional.

professionalization /pɹəˌfɛʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃən/ professionalizations n
professionnalisation
The act or process of professionalizing, or becoming professional. [from 20th c.]

professionalize v
professionnaliser
To make something professional

professionally more professionally most professionally adv
professionnellement
In a professional manner.

professor /pɹəˈfɛsə/ /pɹəˈfɛsɚ/ professors n
professeur professeure professeuse prof
(US, Philippines, informal) A teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank.

professorial more professorial most professorial adj
professoral
Of, relating to, or characteristic of a professor or professors, or of a professorship or professorships.

proffer /ˈpɹɑfɚ/ /ˈpɹɒfə(ɹ)/ v
entreprendre offrir
(transitive, reflexive) To offer for acceptance; to propose to give; to make a tender of.

proficiency /pɹəˈfɪʃənsi/ proficiencies n
compétence
Ability, skill, competence.

proficient /pɹoʊˈfɪʃ.ənt/ /pɹəˈfɪʃ.ənt/ more proficient most proficient adj
compétent
Good at something; skilled; fluent; practiced, especially in relation to a task or skill.

profil perdu n
profil perdu

profile /ˈpɹoʊfaɪl/ /ˈpɹəʊfaɪl/ profiles n
contour
(countable) The outermost shape, view, or edge of an object.
profil
(countable) The shape, view, or shadow of a person's head from the side; a side view.
(countable) A summary or collection of information, especially about a person
(Internet, countable) A specific page or field in which users can provide various types of personal information in software or Internet systems.

profiling profilings n
profilage
The forensic science of constructing an outline of a person's individual characteristics.

profinite group profinite groups n
groupe profini
(topology, category theory) A topological group that is isomorphic to the inverse limit of some inverse system of discrete finite groups; equivalently, a topological group that is also a Stone space.

profit /ˈpɹɑfɪt/ /ˈpɹɒfɪt/ profits n
bénéfice profit
(accounting, economics) Total income or cash flow minus expenditures. The money or other benefit a non-governmental organization or individual receives in exchange for products and services sold at an advertised price.
bénéfice profit gain
(dated, literary) Benefit, positive result obtained.

profit /ˈpɹɑfɪt/ /ˈpɹɒfɪt/ v
profiter profitable servir
(transitive) To benefit (somebody), be of use to (somebody).
profiter
(intransitive, construed with from) To benefit, gain.

profit center profit centers n
centre de profits

profit margin profit margins n
marge bénéficiaire nette marge nette
The ratio of net income to net sales of a company expressed as a percentage.

profit motive profit motives n
but lucratif

profit sharing n
participation aux bénéfices
A system in which some of the profit of an enterprise are divided among the workers, giving them an incentive for profits without an equity interest.

profit warning profit warnings n
alerte sur résultats
(stock market) An announcement by a company to its shareholders and other investors that its profits are likely to be less than expected.

profitability /pɹɒf.ɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ profitabilities n
rentabilité
The quality or state of being profitable; capacity to make a profit.

profitable /ˈpɹɑ.fɪ.tə.bl̩/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪ.tə.bl̩/ more profitable most profitable adj
rentable profitable lucratif fructueux
Producing a profit.

profiteer /ˌpɹɒfɪˈtɪə(ɹ)/ profiteers n
profiteur profiteuse
(pejorative) One who makes an unreasonable profit not justified by cost or risk, a rent-seeker.

profiterole /pɹəˈfɪtəɹoʊl/ profiteroles n
profiterole
A small, hollow case of choux pastry with a filling.

profligate /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɑːflɪɡət/ /ˈpɹɒflɪɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒflɪɡət/ more profligate most profligate adj
dépensier
Inclined to waste resources or behave extravagantly.

profligately more profligately most profligately adv
dépensièrement

profound /pɹəˈfaʊnd/ more profound most profound adj
profond
Descending far below the surface; opening or reaching to great depth; deep.
Intellectually deep; entering far into subjects; reaching to the bottom of a matter, or of a branch of learning; thorough

progenitor /pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tɚ/ /pɹəʊˈd͡ʒɛn.ɪ.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tə/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛn.ə.tɚ/ progenitors n
ancètre auteur patriarche précurseur

progeny /ˈpɹɑd͡ʒəni/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒəni/ progenies n
descendant descendance progéniture
(uncountable) Offspring or descendants considered as a group.

progeria progerias n
progéria
(pathology) An extremely rare genetic condition wherein symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at an early age.

progesterone /pɹoʊˈd͡ʒɛstəˌɹoʊn/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛstəɹəʊn/ progesterones n
progestérone
(steroid hormone, uncountable) A steroid hormone, secreted by the ovaries, whose function is to prepare the uterus for the implantation of a fertilized ovum and to maintain pregnancy.

proglacial adj
proglaciaire
Situated in front, or outside the margins, of a glacier or ice sheet (and formed from its meltwaters).

prognathism prognathisms n
prognathisme
An abnormal projection of the jaws.

prognathous /prɑɡˈneɪθəs/ /ˈprɑɡnəθəs/ more prognathous most prognathous adj
prognathe
Having jaws that project forward more than is usual, or being such a jaw.

prognosis /-səs/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsiz/ /pɹɑɡˈnoʊsɪs/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsiːz/ /pɹɒɡˈnəʊsɪs/ prognoses n
prognostic
A forecast of the future course or outcome of a situation based on what is presently known; a prediction. [from mid 17th c.]
pronostic
(medicine) A forecast of the future course or outcome of a disease or disorder based on current medical knowledge. [from mid 17th c.]

prognostic /pɹɑɡˈnɑs.tɪk/ /pɹɒɡˈnɒstɪk/ /pɹɔɡˈnɔs.tɪk/ /pɹəɡˈnɒstɪk/ more prognostic most prognostic adj
pronostique
Of, pertaining to or characterized by prognosis or prediction.

prognosticate /pɹɒɡˈnɒstɪkeɪt/ v
pronostiquer
(transitive) To predict or forecast, especially through the application of skill.
présager
(transitive) To presage, betoken.

prograde /ˈpɹəʊɡɹeɪd/ more prograde most prograde adj
prograde
(astronomy) Moving in a forward direction, especially with respect to other bodies in the same system.
(geology) Being a metamorphic change resulting from a higher pressure or temperature.

program /ˈpɹoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹoʊˌɡɹæm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹɑːm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæm/ programs n
programme
A set of structured activities.
(computing) A software application, or a collection of software applications, designed to perform a specific task.
programme programmation
A leaflet listing information about a play, game or other activity.
émission programme
(broadcasting) A performance of a show or other broadcast on radio or television.

program /ˈpɹoʊɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹoʊˌɡɹæm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹɑːm/ /ˈpɹoːɡɹəm/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæm/ v
programmer
(transitive) To enter a program or other instructions into (a computer or other electronic device) to instruct it to do a particular task.
(transitive) To put together the schedule of an event.

program music n
musique à programme
(music) A form of art music, generally without vocal parts, that attempts to convey a scene, image, or mood.

program trading n
trading haute fréquence trading à haute fréquence
(business, finance, computing) High-volume and high-speed buying and selling of investment securities, such as stocks and bonds, which is initiated and executed by brokerage firms' computer programs that continually monitor market conditions.

programmable /pɹəʊˈɡɹæməbəl/ adj
programmable
Capable of being programmed.

programmable logic controller programmable logic controllers n
automate programmable industriel
A programmable electronic device used in industrial automation to provide logic and sequencing controls for machinery.

programmer /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɚ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmə/ programmers n
programmeur programmeuse
(computing) One who writes computer programs; a software developer.
programmateur
A device that installs or controls a software program in some other machine.

programming /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹəmɪŋ/ programmings n
programmation
(computing) The act of writing a computer program.

programming language /ˈpɹoʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹæmɪŋ læŋɡwɪdʒ/ programming languages n
langage de programmation
(programming) Code of reserved words and symbols used in computer programs, which give instructions to the computer on how to accomplish certain computing tasks.

progress /-ɹəs/ /ˈpɹɑɡɹɛs/ /ˈpɹəʊɡɹɛs/ progresses n
progrès
Specifically, advancement to a higher or more developed state; development, growth. [from 15th c.]
progrès amélioration
Movement onwards or forwards or towards a specific objective or direction; advance. [from 16th c.]

progress /pɹəˈɡɹɛs/ v
progresser
(intransitive) To move, go, or proceed forward; to advance.

progress bar progress bars n
barre de progression
(graphical user interface) A bar that indicates the progression of a task by gradually filling its empty space with solid colour.

progression /pɹəˈɡɹɛʃən/ progressions n
progression
The act of moving from one thing to another.
(mathematics) A sequence obtained by adding or multiplying each term by a constant.
Development, increase, evolution.

progressive /pɹəˈɡɹes.ɪv/ /pɹəˈɡɹɛs.ɪv/ more progressive most progressive adj
progressif
Favouring or promoting progress; advanced.
Gradually advancing in extent; increasing.
Promoting or favoring progress towards improved conditions or new policies, ideas, or methods.

progressive assimilation progressive assimilations n
assimilation progressive

progressive house n
house progressive progressive house
(music genre) A house music genre originating from the late 1990s.

progressive metal n
metal progressif
a subgenre of heavy metal with progressive rock influences

progressive rock n
rock progressif
(music genre) A rock music genre originating from the late 1960s and early 1970s, heavily influenced by classical music and jazz.

progressive tax progressive taxes n
impôt progressif

progressively /pɹəˈɡɹɛsɪvli/ more progressively most progressively adv
progressivement
In a progressive manner.

progressivism progressivisms n
progressisme
A political ideology that favours progress towards better conditions in society.

prohibit /pɹoʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəʊˈhɪbɪt/ /pɹəˈhɪbət/ /pɹəˈhɪbɪt/ v
interdire prohiber
(transitive) To forbid, disallow, or proscribe officially; to make illegal or illicit.

prohibition /ˌpɹoʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ /ˌpɹəʊ(h)ɪˈbɪʃən/ prohibitions n
prohibition interdiction
An act of prohibiting, forbidding, disallowing, or proscribing something.

prohibitionism n
prohibitionnisme

prohibitive /pɹəˈhɪbɪtɪv/ prohibitives n
défense
(grammar) A negative imperative.

project /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹoʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɐʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɪkt/ /ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.dʒɛkt/ [-d͡ʒɪ̈kt] projects n
projet
A planned endeavor, usually with a specific goal and accomplished in several steps or stages.

project /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹoʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɐʊ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑ.d͡ʒɪkt/ /ˈpɹɑˌd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒd͡ʒ.ɛkt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.dʒɛkt/ [-d͡ʒɪ̈kt] v
projeter
(transitive) To cast (an image or shadow) upon a surface; to throw or cast forward; to shoot forth.
(transitive) To extend (a protrusion or appendage) outward.
(transitive) To make plans for; to forecast.

project management n
gestion de projet
(operations) The discipline of organizing and managing resources (e.g. people) in such a way that a project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints.

project manager project managers n
chef de projet
One who manages projects.

projectile /pɹə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛktɪl/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛktʌɪl/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.taɪl/ /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.tl̩/ projectiles n
projectile
An object intended to be or having been fired from a weapon.

projecting /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɪŋ/ adj
saillant
Sticking out.

projection /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛkʃən/ projections n
saillie
Something which projects, protrudes, juts out, sticks out, or stands out.
saillie projection
The action of projecting or throwing or propelling something.
projection
The display of an image by devices such as movie projector, video projector, overhead projector or slide projector.
A forecast or prognosis obtained by extrapolation
(psychology) A belief or assumption that others have similar thoughts and experiences to one's own. This includes making accusations that would more fittingly apply to the accuser.
(photography) The image that a translucent object casts onto another object.
(cartography) Any of several systems of intersecting lines that allow the curved surface of the earth to be represented on a flat surface. The set of mathematics used to calculate coordinate positions.
(geometry) An image of an object on a surface of fewer dimensions.
(mathematics) A transformation which extracts a fragment of a mathematical object.

projective geometry n
géométrie projective
(mathematics) a branch of mathematics that investigates those properties of figures that are invariant when projected from a point to a line or plane

projector /pɹəˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/ projectors n
projecteur
An optical device that projects a beam of light, especially one used to project an image (or moving images) onto a screen. [from 19th c.]

prokaryote /pɹoʊˈkæɹi.oʊt/ /pɹoʊˈkæɹi.ət/ /pɹoʊˈkɛəɹi.oʊt/ /pɹəʊˈkæɹi.ɒt/ /pɹəʊˈkæɹi.əʊt/ prokaryotes n
procaryote
An organism whose cell (or cells) are characterized by the absence of a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

prolactin prolactins n
prolactine
(hormone) A peptide gonadotrophic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland; it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation in females.

prolate /pɹəʊˈleɪt/ /ˈpɹəʊ.leɪt/ more prolate most prolate adj
oblong
Elongated at the poles.

proleg prolegs n
fausse patte
(entomology) An appendage of the abdomen of some insect larvae, such as caterpillars, which is used like a leg.

prolegomenon /ˌpɹoʊlɪˈɡɑmənɑn/ /ˌpɹəʊlɪˈɡɒmɪnɒn/ prolegomena n
prolégomènes
(usually, in the plural) A prefatory discussion; a formal essay or critical discussion serving to introduce and interpret an extended work.

prolepsis /pɹoʊˈlɛpsɪs/ prolepses n
prolepse
(logic) The anticipation of an objection to an argument.
(grammar, rhetoric) A construction that consists of placing an element in a syntactic unit before that to which it would logically correspond.

proleptic /pɹoʊˈlɛptɪk/ more proleptic most proleptic adj
proleptique
(of a calendar) Extrapolated to dates prior to its first adoption; of those used to adjust to or from the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar.

proletarian more proletarian most proletarian adj
prolétaire prolétarien
Of or relating to the proletariat.

proletarian proletarians n
prolétaire prolo
A member of the proletariat.

proletarianization /-ˌnaɪ-/ /ˈpɹoʊ-/ /ˌpɹoʊ.ləˌtɛ.ɹi.ə.nəˈzeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˌtɛː.ɹɪ.ə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃn̩/ proletarianizations n
prolétarisation
The act or process of making somebody or something proletarian.

proletariat /ˌpɹoʊ.lɪˈtɛɚ.i.ət/ /ˌpɹəʊ.lɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ət/ proletariats n
prolétariat
(often, derogatory, also, figuratively) The lowest class of society; also, the lower classes of society generally; the masses.
(Marxism) Wage earners collectively, excluding salaried workers; people who own no capital and depend on their labour for survival; the working class, especially when seen as engaged in a class struggle with the bourgeoisie.
(chiefly, Ancient Rome, historical) The lowest class of citizens, who had no property and few rights, and were regarded as contributing only their offspring to the state.

proliferation /pɹəˌlɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌlɪf.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ proliferations n
prolifération
(uncountable) The process by which an organism produces others of its kind; breeding, propagation, procreation, reproduction.

prolific /pɹəˈlɪf.ɪk/ /ˌpɹoʊˈlɪf.ɪk/ more prolific most prolific adj
fécond prolifique
Fertile; producing offspring or fruit in abundance — applied to plants producing fruit, animals producing young, etc.
prolifique
Similarly producing results or performing deeds in abundance

proline prolines n
proline
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid C5H9NO2 found in most animal proteins, especially collagen; its cyclic structure leads to kinks in the peptide chain of proteins.

prolix /pɹoʊˈlɪks/ /ˈpɹəʊ.lɪks/ more prolix most prolix adj
fastidieux phraseur prolixe raseur verbeux
Tediously lengthy; dwelling on trivial details.

prolixity /pɹəʊˈlɪk.sɪ.ti/ /pɹəˈlɪk.sɪ.ti/ prolixities n
prolixité
Long-windedness, an excess of words.

prolly /ˈprɑ.li/ /ˈpɹɒ.li/ more prolly most prolly adv
sur’ment sûr’ment
(colloquial, slang) Probably.

prologue /ˈpɹoʊlɑɡ/ /ˈpɹoʊlɔɡ/ /ˈpɹəʊlɒɡ/ prologues n
prologue
A speech or section used as an introduction, especially to a play or novel.

prolong /pɹoʊˈlɑŋ/ /pɹoʊˈlɔŋ/ /pɹəʊˈlɒŋ/ v
prolonger
(transitive) To extend in space or length.
(transitive) To lengthen in time; to extend the duration of

prolonged /pɹoʊˈlɑŋd/ /pɹoʊˈlɔŋd/ /pɹəʊˈlɒŋd/ more prolonged most prolonged adj
prolongé
lengthy in duration; extended; protracted.

prom /pɹɑm/ /pɹɒm/ proms n
bal de promo bal des finissants bal du printemps
(US) A formal ball held at a high school or college on special occasions; e.g,. near the end of the academic year.

promastigote promastigotes n
promastigote

promenade /pɹɑməˈneɪd/ /pɹɑməˈnɑd/ /pɹɒməˈneɪd/ /pɹɒməˈnɑːd/ /ˈpɹɒməneɪd/ /ˈpɹɒmənɑːd/ promenades n
promenoir
A place where one takes a walk for leisurely pleasure, or for exercise, especially a terrace by the seaside.

promenade /pɹɑməˈneɪd/ /pɹɑməˈnɑd/ /pɹɒməˈneɪd/ /pɹɒməˈnɑːd/ /ˈpɹɒməneɪd/ /ˈpɹɒmənɑːd/ v
promener
To walk for amusement, show, or exercise.

promethium /pɹoʊˈmiːθiəm/ n
prométhium prométhéum
A metallic chemical element (symbol Pm) with an atomic number of 61.

prominence /ˈpɹɑ.mɪ.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.mɪ.nəns/ prominences n
proéminence
The state of being prominent: widely known or eminent.
protubérance
A bulge: something that bulges out or is protuberant or projects from a form.
(astronomy) A gaseous projection, often loop-shaped, springing from the surface of the Sun or a star.

prominent /ˈpɹɑmɪnənt/ /ˈpɹɒmɪnənt/ more prominent most prominent adj
protubérant saillant
standing out, or projecting; jutting; protuberant
proéminent
eminent; distinguished above others

promiscuity /ˌpɹoʊ.mɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹɑm.ɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹɒm.ɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ /ˌpɹəʊ.mɪˈskju.ɪ.ti/ promiscuities n
promiscuité sexuelle promiscuité
The state or quality of being promiscuous.

promiscuous /pɹəˈmɪs.kju.əs/ more promiscuous most promiscuous adj
promiscue
Having many sexual partners, especially if indiscriminate in choosing said sexual partners.

promise /ˈpɹɑmɪs/ /ˈpɹɒmɪs/ promises n
promesse vœu
(countable) an oath or affirmation; a vow
promesse
(countable) A transaction between two persons whereby the first person undertakes in the future to render some service or gift to the second person or devotes something valuable now and here to his use.

promise /ˈpɹɑmɪs/ /ˈpɹɒmɪs/ v
promettre
(ambitransitive) To commit to (some action or outcome), or to assure (a person) of such commitment; to make an oath or vow.

promise the moon v
promettre la lune promettre monts et merveilles

promising /ˈpɹɑmɪsɪŋ/ /ˈpɹɒmɪsɪŋ/ more promising most promising adj
prometteur
Showing promise, and likely to develop in a desirable fashion.

promissory note promissory notes n
billet à ordre
(finance) A document saying that someone owes a specific amount of money to someone else, often with the deadline and interest fees; the primary purposes of a promissory note are to evidence the debt obligation incurred, and to establish terms for payment thereof.

promo /ˈpɹəʊməʊ/ promos n
promo
(professional wrestling, _, slang) an interview or monologue intended to promote a character or an upcoming match.

promontory /ˈpɹɑməntɔɹi/ /ˈpɹɒm.ən.tɹi/ promontories n
promontoire
A high point of land extending into a body of water, headland; cliff.

promote /pɹəˈmoʊt/ /pɹəˈməʊt/ v
promouvoir élever
(transitive) To raise (someone) to a more important, responsible, or remunerative job or rank.
faire la promotion de... promouvoir
(transitive) To advocate or urge on behalf of (something or someone); to attempt to popularize or sell by means of advertising or publicity.

promoter promoters n
promoteur promotrice
One who promotes.
promoteur
(genetics) The section of DNA that controls the initiation of RNA transcription as a product of a gene.

promotion /pɹəˈmoʊʃən/ /pɹəˈməʊʃən/ promotions n
promotion avancement
An advancement in rank or position.
promotion
Dissemination of information in order to increase its popularity.

promotional /pɹəˈmoʊʃənəl/ /pɹəˈməʊʃənəl/ more promotional most promotional adj
promotionnel publicitaire
Of or relating to an advertising promotion; serving to promote a service, institution, business, etc.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ more prompt most prompt adj
ponctuel
On time; punctual.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ prompts n
indicateur
A reminder or cue.
invite de commande
(computing) A sequence of characters that is displayed to indicate that a computer is ready to receive input.

prompt /pɹɑmpt/ /pɹɒmpt/ v
inciter
(transitive) To lead (someone) toward what they should say or do.
inciter souffler
(transitive, theater, and, television) To show or tell (an actor/person) the words they should be saying, or actions they should be doing.
causer
(transitive) To initiate; to cause or lead to.

prompter prompters n
souffleur souffleuse
(theater) The person who does the prompting.

prompter's box n
trou
The raised box in the apron of a stage, opening towards the actors. The prompter sits inside with the prompter's book, ready to give cues for missed or forgotten lines.

promptness /ˈpɹɒmptnəs/ promptnesses n
promptitude rapidité

promulgate /ˈpɹɑ.məl.ɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒml̩.ɡeɪt/ v
promulguer
(transitive) To make known or public.
(transitive) To put into effect as a regulation.

promulgation promulgations n
promulgation
The act of promulgating or announcing something, especially a proclamation announcing a new law.

pronaos /pɹoʊˈneɪ.ɒs/ /pɹoʊˈneɪ.əs/ pronaoi pronaoses n
pronaos
(architecture) The inner area of the portico of a Greek or Roman temple

prone /pɹoʊn/ /pɹəʊn/ more prone most prone proner pronest adj
couché sur le ventre
Lying face downward.
enclin
Having a downward inclination or slope.
enclin prédisposé
(figuratively) Predisposed, liable, inclined.

prone position prone positions n
décubitus ventral mise à plat-ventre plaquage ventral
A body position in which the person lies flat with the chest down and the back up.

prong /pɹɑŋ/ /pɹɒŋ/ /pɹɔŋ/ prongs n
pointe dent broche
A thin, pointed, projecting part, as of an antler or a fork or similar tool. A tine.
bras
(sometimes, figurative) A branch; a fork.

pronghorn pronghorn pronghorns n
cabrée
A North American mammal, Antilocapra americana, that resembles an antelope.

pronoia /pɹoʊˈnɔɪə/ /pɹəʊˈnɔɪə/ pronoiae pronoiai pronoias n
pronoïa
(psychology) A belief (sometimes regarded as irrational) that people conspire to do one good. [from 1981]
pronoia
(historical, Byzantine Empire) An imperial grant to an individual of temporary fiscal rights in the form of land, incomes or taxes from land, fishing rights, etc., sometimes carrying with it an obligation of military service.

pronominal /pɹəʊˈnɒmɪnəl/ more pronominal most pronominal adj
pronominal
(linguistics, grammar) Of, pertaining to, resembling, or functioning as a pronoun.

pronominal verb pronominal verbs n
verbe pronominal
(linguistics, grammar) A form of verb that has an attached pronoun in some languages (e.g. French, Spanish).

pronominally adv
pronominalement

pronotum pronota n
pronotum
The dorsal plate of the prothorax in insects

pronoun /ˈpɹoʊ.naʊn/ /ˈpɹəʊnaʊn/ pronouns n
pronom
(grammar) A type of word that refers anaphorically to a noun or noun phrase, but which cannot ordinarily be preceded by a determiner and rarely takes an attributive adjective.

pronounce /pɹəˈnaʊns/ v
déclarer
(transitive) To declare formally, officially or ceremoniously.
prononcer
(transitive) To sound out (a word or phrase); to articulate.
(intransitive) To produce the components of speech.
déclamer lire
(transitive) To read aloud.

pronounceable more pronounceable most pronounceable adj
prononçable
Capable of being distinctly pronounced in speech; enunciable.

pronto /ˈpɹɑntoʊ/ [ˈpʰɹɑnoʊ̯] [ˈpʰɹɑntʰoʊ̯] adv
illico
(informal) Quickly, very soon, promptly.

pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃn/ /pɹəˌnaʊn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃən/ /pɹəˌnʌn.ʃiˈeɪ.ʃʌn/ [pʰɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən] pronunciations n
prononciation
(uncountable) The way in which the words of a language are made to sound when speaking.

pronunciation dictionary pronunciation dictionaries n
dictionnaire de prononciation
A dictionary that provides pronunciation of words, usually in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

proof /pɹuf/ /pɹuːf/ /pɹʉːf/ proofs n
preuve démonstration
(countable) An effort, process, or operation designed to establish or discover a fact or truth; an act of testing; a test; a trial.
preuve
(uncountable) The degree of evidence which convinces the mind of any truth or fact, and produces belief; a test by facts or arguments which induce, or tend to induce, certainty of the judgment; conclusive evidence; demonstration.
(countable, mathematics) A process for testing the accuracy of an operation performed. Compare prove, transitive verb, 5.
épreuve
(countable, printing) A proof sheet; a trial impression, as from type, taken for correction or examination.

proof by contradiction proofs by contradiction n
preuve par l'absurde raisonnement par l'absurde
(mathematics, logic) Proof of a statement adduced by deriving a contradiction from the statement's negation.

proof of concept proofs of concept proofs of concepts n
démonstration de faisabilité preuve de concept
A short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility.

proofread /ˈpɹuːfɹiːd/ /ˈpɹuːfɹɛd/ v
relire
(transitive, and, intransitive) To check a written text for errors in spelling, grammar, syntax, and punctuation.

proofreader proofreaders n
relecteur relectrice
A person who proofreads.

prop /pɹɑp/ /pɹɒp/ /pɹɔp/ props n
support cale soutien
An object placed against or under another, to support it; anything that supports.
accessoire
(theater, film) An item placed on a stage or set to create a scene or scenario in which actors perform.
pillier
(rugby) The player on either side of the hooker in a scrum.

prop /pɹɑp/ /pɹɒp/ /pɹɔp/ v
caler mettre poser
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To support or shore up something.

prop up /ˌpɹɑp ˈʌp/ /ˌpɹɒp ˈʌp/ /ˌpɹɔp ˈap/ [ˌpɹɔ‿ˈpap] v
accoter appuyer étayer
(transitive) To support with, or as if with, a prop.

propaedeutic /ˌpɹoʊpiːˈdjuːtɪk/ /ˌpɹɑpəˈduːtik/ more propaedeutic most propaedeutic adj
propédeutique préparatoire
(formal, of, education) Preparatory or introductory.

propaedeutic /ˌpɹoʊpiːˈdjuːtɪk/ /ˌpɹɑpəˈduːtik/ propaedeutics n
propédeutique
An introductory course of instruction.

propaganda /ˌpɹɒpəˈɡændə/ [ˌpɹɑp.əˈɡɛə̯n.də] [ˌpɹɒp.əˈɡæn.də] [ˌpɹɔp.əˈɡan.də] propagandas n
propagande
(as a neutral word, _, dated) Agitation, publicity, public communication aimed at influencing an audience and furthering an agenda.

propaganda of the deed [ˌpɹɒ.pəˈɡæ̝ˑn.də əʋ ˌðə ˈdiːd] n
propagande par le fait
A politically motivated act of violence, meant to broadcast an ideological message and serve as catalyst to ignite a spirit of socialist revolution among the proletariat against perceived oppressors.

propagandist /pɹɒpəˈɡandɪst/ propagandists n
propagandiste
A person who disseminates propaganda. [from 18th c.]

propagate /ˈpɹɑpəˌɡeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒpəˌɡeɪt/ v
se propager
(biology, intransitive) To produce young; to be produced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or plants.

propagule propagules n
propagule
(biology) A reproductive particle released by an organism in order to propagate itself, by means such as dispersal or infection, to the next stage in its life cycle.

propane /ˈpɹoʊpeɪn/ propanes n
propane
(organic compound) An aliphatic hydrocarbon, C3H8, a constituent of natural gas. [from 1867]

proparoxytone /pɹoʊpəˈɹɑksɪtoʊn/ /pɹəʊpəˈɹɒksɪtəʊn/ adj
proparoxyton
(linguistics, of a word) Having the stress or accent on the antepenultimate syllable.

propel /pɹəˈpel/ /pɹəˈpɛl/ v
catapulter propulser
(transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or physical action, to cause to move in a certain direction; to drive forward.
catapulter
(transitive, figurative) To provide an impetus for non-physical change, to make to arrive to a certain situation or result.

propellant propellants n
ergol
fuel, oxidizer, reaction mass or mixture for one or more engines (especially internal combustion engines or jet engines) that is carried within a vehicle prior to use
propulseur
anything that propels

propellent more propellent most propellent adj
propulseur
Capable of propelling.

propeller propellers n
hélice
A mechanical device with evenly-shaped blades that turn on a shaft to push against air or water, especially one used to propel an aircraft or boat.

propensity /pɹəˈpɛnsɪti/ propensities n
tendance propension
An inclination, disposition, tendency, preference, or attraction.

proper /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈpɹɔp.ə/ more proper most proper adj
approprié
Suited or acceptable to the purpose or circumstances; fit, suitable. [13th c.]
convenable exact juste propre
Following the established standards of behavior or manners; correct or decorous. [18th c.]
propre
Belonging to oneself or itself; own. [14th c.]
propre proprement dit
(often, _, postpositive) In the very strictest sense of the word. [14th c.]

proper noun proper nouns n
nom propre
(grammar) A word or phrase that is a noun denoting a particular person, place, organization, ship, animal, event, or other individual entity.

proper subset proper subsets n
sous-ensemble stricte
(set theory) a set that is a subset of the set, but not equal to it.

properispomenon /pɹəʊpɛɹɪˈspɒmənɒn/ adj
propérispomène
(linguistics, of a word) In Greek grammar, having a circumflex accent on the penultimate syllable.

properly /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.li/ /ˈpɹɒp.li/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə.li/ more properly most properly adv
proprement correctement convenablement
in a proper manner, appropriately, suitably; correctly, justifiably

propertied more propertied most propertied adj
possédant
Owning property, especially land or real estate that yields an income.

property /ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ti/ /ˈpɹɒp.ə.ti/ [ˈpɹɑ.pɚ.ɾi] properties n
propriété possession
Something that is owned.
propriété
A piece of real estate, such as a parcel of land.
The exclusive right of possessing, enjoying and disposing of a thing.
An attribute or abstract quality associated with an individual, object or concept.
An attribute or abstract quality which is characteristic of a class of objects.
accessoire
(usually, in the plural, theater) A prop, an object used in a dramatic production.

property law n
droit des biens
(legal) The area of law concerned with the ownership and conveyance of property rights and title.

property master property masters n
accessoiriste
(film, theatre) The person in a film or theatrical production responsible for the props.

property rights n
droit de propriété
(legal) The exclusive rights pertaining to the ownership and possession of a given piece of property.

property tax property taxes n
taxe foncière précompte immobilier
A tax, usually ad valorem, charged on the basis of the fair market value of property. The scope of taxable property varies by jurisdiction and it may include personal property in addition to real estate.

prophase prophases n
prophase
The first stage of mitosis, during which chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes.

prophecy /ˈpɹɑfɪ̈si/ /ˈpɹɒfɨsi/ prophecies n
prophétie
A prediction, especially one made by a prophet or under divine inspiration.

prophesy /ˈpɹɑfɪsaɪ/ /ˈpɹɒfɪsaɪ/ v
prophétiser
To speak or write with divine inspiration; to act as prophet. [from 14th c.]
To foreshow; to herald; to prefigure.

prophet /ˈpɹɑ.fɪt/ /ˈpɹɒf.ɪt/ prophetess prophets n
prophète prophétesse
Someone who speaks by divine inspiration.
prophète prophétesse devin
Someone who predicts the future; a soothsayer.

prophetess /pɹɒfɪˈtɛs/ prophet prophetesses n
prophétesse
A female prophet.

prophetic /pɹəˈfɛtɪk/ adj
prophétique
Of, or relating to a prophecy or a prophet.

prophylactic /pɹɒfəˈlæktɪk/ more prophylactic most prophylactic adj
prophylactique

prophylactically more prophylactically most prophylactically adv
prophylactiquement
Preventively.

prophylaxis /pɹɔfɪˈlæksɪs/ prophylaxes n
prophylaxie
(medicine) Prevention of, or protective treatment for, disease.

propiska /pɹəˈpɪskə/ n
enregistrement propiska
a system of population control in the ex-USSR, (regional) residence permit, registration

propitiate /ˌpɹəˈpɪʃieɪt/ v
apaiser
(transitive) To conciliate, appease, or make peace with someone, particularly a god or spirit.

propitiation propitiations n
expier
The act of propitiating; placation, atonement, similar to expiation but with the added concept of appeasement of anger.

propitiator propitiators n
pacificateur
One who propitiates or appeases.

propitious /pɹoʊˈpɪʃəs/ more propitious most propitious adj
propice favorable
Favorable; benevolent.
avantageux
Advantageous.
de bonne augure
Characteristic of a good omen.

propitiousness n
disposition favorable
The favorable quality of strongly indicating a successful result.

propolis /ˈpɹɑ.pə.lɪs/ /ˈpɹɒ.pə.lɪs/ n
propolis
An aromatic glue-like substance produced by honeybees from tree resin, waxes, and their own secretions, used in the construction of their hives.

proponent /pɹəˈpoʊnənt/ /pɹəˈpəʊnənt/ proponents n
partisan avocat
One who supports something; an advocate.

proportion /pɹəˈpo(ː)ɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpoəʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃən/ proportions n
proportion
(countable) A quantity of something that is part of the whole amount or number.

proportional more proportional most proportional adj
proportionnel
(mathematics) At a constant ratio (to). Two magnitudes (numbers) are said to be proportional if the second varies in a direct relation arithmetically to the first. Symbol: ∝.

proportional analogy proportional analogies n
analogie proportionnelle analogie à quatre termes

proportional representation n
représentation proportionnelle
A voting principle aimed at securing a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (usually political parties) obtain in elections, and the percentage of seats they receive in the elected body.

proportionally /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənəli/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃənəli/ more proportionally most proportionally adv
proportionnellement proportionnément
In proportion; in due degree; adapted relatively.

proportionate /pɹəˈpɔɹʃəneɪt/ /pɹəˈpɔɹʃənət/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃəneɪt/ /pɹəˈpɔːʃənət/ v
proportionner
(transitive) To make proportionate.

proposal /pɹəˈpoʊzəl/ /pɹəˈpəʊzəl/ proposals n
demande en mariage
(legal) The offer by a party of what they have in view as to an intended business transaction, which, with acceptance, constitutes a contract.
The act of asking someone to be one's spouse; an offer of marriage.
proposition
Something which is proposed, or offered for consideration or acceptance.

propose /pɹəˈpoʊz/ /pɹəˈpəʊz/ v
proposer
(transitive) To suggest a plan, course of action, etc.
demander en mariage
(intransitive, sometimes followed by to) To ask for a person's hand in marriage.

proposer proposers n
proposant proposeur

proposition /ˌpɹɑpəˈzɪʃən/ propositions n
proposition
(countable) An idea or a plan offered.
(countable, business settings) The terms of a transaction offered.

propositional more propositional most propositional adj
propositionnel
Relating to, or limited to, propositions.

propositional logic propositional logics n
logique propositionnelle
(logic) A formal deductive system in which formulae representing propositions can be formed by combining atomic propositions using logical connectives.

propound /prəˈpaʊnd/ v
proposer
(transitive) To put forward; to offer for discussion or debate.

propraetor /pɹəʊˈpɹiːtɔː/ propraetors n
propréteur
A magistrate of ancient Rome who governed a province after serving as a praetor in Rome.

propranolol /pɹoʊˈpɹæn.əˌlɔl/ /pɹəʊˈpɹan.ə.lɒl/ propranolols n
propranolol
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic compound which acts as a beta blocker and is used mainly in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia.

proprietary eponym proprietary eponyms n
nom de marque générique nom de marque lexicalisé
A successful brand name or trademark that has come into general use to refer to the generic class of objects rather than the specific brand type, without the exclusive rights to said product being lost by the parent company.

proprietor /pɹəˈpɹaɪətɚ/ proprietors proprietress n
propriétaire
An owner.

propriety /pɹəˈpɹaɪəti/ proprieties n
décence
Suitability, fitness; the quality of being appropriate. [from 18th c.]
bienséance bonnes manières convenances correction
(often, in the plural) Correctness in behaviour and morals; good manners, seemliness. [from 19th c.]

proprioception /ˌpɹoʊ.pɹi.oʊˈsɛp.ʃən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.pɹi.əʊˈsɛp.ʃən/ proprioceptions n
proprioception
The sense of the position of parts of the body, relative to other neighbouring parts of the body.

propulsion /pɹəˈpʌlʃən/ propulsions n
propulsion
The process of propelling, driving, or pushing, typically forward or onward; a propulsive force or impulse.

propylaeum /ˌpɹəʊpɪˈliːəm/ propylaea propylaeums n
propylée
(historical, especially, _, Ancient Greece, _, &, _) A vestibule or entrance, (especially) to a temple.

prorogue /pɹoʊˈɹoʊɡ/ /pɹə(ʊ)ˈɹəʊɡ/ v
proroger
(transitive) To suspend (a parliamentary session) or to discontinue the meetings of (an assembly, parliament etc.) without formally ending the session. [from 15th c.]
(obsolete) To prolong or extend. [15th–18th c.]

pros and cons n
le pour et le contre pours et contres
(pluralonly) The positive and negative attributes of arguments.

prosaist prosaists n
prosateur
A person who writes prose.

prosciutto /pɹəˈʃuː.toʊ/ /pɹəˈʒuː.toʊ/ prosciutti prosciuttos n
prosciutto
A dry-cured ham from Italy, thinly sliced.

proscribe /pɹəˈskɹaɪb/ /ˈpɹoʊˌskɹaɪb/ /ˈpɹəʊˌskɹaɪb/ v
interdire prohiber proscrire
(transitive) To forbid or prohibit.
déconseiller dénoncer
(transitive) To denounce.
bannir exclure
(transitive) To banish or exclude.

prose /ˈpɹoʊz/ /ˈpɹəʊz/ proses n
prose
Language, particularly written language, not intended as poetry.

prosecute /ˈpɹɒsɪkjuːt/ v
poursuivre en justice
(transitive, legal) To start criminal proceedings against.

prosecution /ˌpɹɑ.səˈkju.ʃən/ prosecutions n
parquet
(legal) The institution of legal proceedings (particularly criminal) against a person.
vindicte
(legal) In many countries, a legal body and institution, usually part of the state apparatus, empowered to perform prosecution. Prosecutor's Office. See Prosecutor.

prosecutor /ˈpɹɑsəˌkjuːtəɹ/ prosecutors n
procureur procuratrice procureuse
(law) a person, as a complainant, victim, or chief witness, who institutes prosecution in a criminal proceeding.

proselyte /ˈpɹɑsəˌlaɪt/ /ˈpɹɒsəlaɪt/ proselytes n
prosélyte néophyte
One who has converted to a religion or doctrine, especially a gentile converted to Judaism.

proselytism proselytisms n
prosélytisme
The state of being a proselyte.

proselytize /ˈpɹɑ.sə.lə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.sə.lɪ.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.zə.lə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɑ.zə.lɪ.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɒs.əl.ə.taɪz/ /ˈpɹɒs.əl.ɪ.taɪz/ v
prosélytiser
(by extension, ambitransitive) To advertise a non-religious belief, way of living, cause, point of view, (scientific) hypothesis, social or other position, political party, or other organization; to convince someone to join such a cause or organization or support such a position; to recruit someone.

proslavery more proslavery most proslavery adj
esclavagiste
Supporting slavery.

proslavery n
esclavagisme
Support for the institution of slavery.

proso millet /ˈpɹoʊsoʊ ˈmɪlit/ proso millets n
millet commun
Panicum miliaceum, a grass species used as a crop.

prosodic /pɹəˈsɒdɪk/ /pɹəˈzɒdɪk/ more prosodic most prosodic adj
prosodique
Of, or relating to, prosody.

prosody /ˈpɹoʊzədi/ /ˈpɹɑsədi/ /ˈpɹɑzədi/ /ˈpɹɒsədi/ /ˈpɹɒzədi/ /ˈpɹəʊzədi/ prosodies n
prosodie
(linguistics) The study of rhythm, intonation, stress, and related attributes in speech.
(poetry) The study of poetic meter; the patterns of sounds and rhythms in verse.

prosopagnosia /ˌpɹɑsoʊpæɡˈnoʊʒə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊsɪə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊzɪə/ /ˌpɹɒsəpaɡˈnəʊʒə/ prosopagnosias n
prosopagnosie
(neurology, pathology, psychology) A form of visual agnosia characterized by difficulty with face recognition despite intact low-level visual processing.

prosopography prosopographies n
prosopographie
a study of the individuals in a group of people within a specific context and their relationships

prosopopoeia /pɹəˌsəʊpəˈpiːə/ prosopopoeiae prosopopoeias n
prosopopée
(rhetoric) An act of personifying a person or object when communicating to an audience; a figure of speech involving this.
Personification of an abstraction.

prospect /pɹəˈspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒspɛkt/ prospects n
perspective
The region which the eye overlooks at one time; view; scene; outlook.
The act of looking forward; foresight; anticipation.
The potential things that may come to pass, often favorable.

prospect /pɹəˈspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɑspɛkt/ /ˈpɹɒspɛkt/ v
prospecter
(intransitive) To search, as for gold.
(geology, mining) To determine which minerals or metals are present in a location.

prospective /pɹəˈspɛktɪv/ adj
prospectif
Likely or expected to happen or become.
(medicine, of research) A study that starts with the present situation and follows participants into the future

prospectively adv
prospectivement

prospector /pɹəˈspɛktə/ /ˈpɹɑsˌpɛktɚ/ prospectors n
prospecteur prospectrice
A person who explores or prospects an area in search of mineral deposits, such as gold.

prospectus /pɹəsˈpɛktəs/ prospectus prospectuses n
prospectus
A document, distributed to prospective members, investors, buyers, or participants, which describes an institution (such as a university), a publication, or a business and what it has to offer.

prosper /ˈpɹɑspɚ/ /ˈpɹɒspə(ɹ)/ v
prospérer
(intransitive) To be successful; to succeed; to be fortunate or prosperous; to thrive; to make gain.

prosperity /pɹɑˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɒˈspɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ prosperities n
prospérité
The condition of being prosperous, of having good fortune

prosperous /ˈpɹɑs.pə.ɹəs/ /ˈpɹɒs.p(ə.)ɹəs/ more prosperous most prosperous adj
prospère florissant réussissant
Characterized by success.
prospère riche
Well off; affluent.
favorable
Favorable.

prostaglandin /pɹɒstəˈɡlændɪn/ prostaglandins n
prostaglandine
(biochemistry) Any of a group of naturally occurring lipids derived from the C20 acid prostanoic acid; they have a number of physiological functions and may be considered to be hormones.

prostate /ˈpɹɒs.teɪt/ /ˈpɹɔs.teɪt/ prostates n
prostate
The prostate gland. [from 1646]

prostate cancer prostate cancers n
cancer de la prostate
(oncology, disease) Cancer of the prostate gland.

prostate gland prostate glands n
glande prostatique
(anatomy) A gland in male mammals surrounding the urethra just below the urinary bladder that controls the release of urine from the bladder and produces a secretion that is the fluid part of semen.

prostatectomy prostatectomies n
prostatectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland.

prostatic adj
prostatique
(anatomy) Relating to the prostate gland.

prostatitis prostatites prostatitides n
prostatite
(pathology) Inflammation of the prostate.

prosthesis /pɹɒsˈθiːsɪs/ prostheses n
prothèse
(medicine) An artificial replacement for a body part, either internal or external.

prosthetic /ˌpɹɑsˈθɛtɪk/ adj
artificiel artificielle prosthétique
artificial, acting as a substitute for part of the body; relating to prosthesis

prostitute /ˈpɹɑːstətuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtjuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtʃuːt/ prostitutes n
prostituée prostitué fille de joie fille des rues
A person who does, or offers to do, a demeaning or dishonourable activity for money or personal gain; someone who acts in a dishonourable way for personal advantage. [from 17th c.]

prostitute /ˈpɹɑːstətuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtjuːt/ /ˈpɹɒstɪtʃuːt/ v
prostituer
(transitive, reflexive) To offer (oneself or someone else) for sexual activity in exchange for money. [from 16th c.]
(transitive, derogatory) To sacrifice (oneself, one's talents etc.) in return for profit or other advantage; to exploit for base purposes.

prostitution /prɒstɪˈtjuːʃn/ /ˌprɒstɪˈt͡ʃuːʃn/ prostitutions n
prostitution
Engaging in sexual activity with another person for pay.
(by extension) Debasement for profit or impure motives.

prostrate /ˈpɹɑstɹeɪt/ /ˈpɹɒstɹeɪt/ v
prosterner
To cause to lie down, to flatten.

prostyle prostyles n
prostyle
A building having pillars only along the front side

protactinium /ˌpɹoʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ /ˌpɹəʊ.tækˈtɪn.i.əm/ n
protactinium
A chemical element (symbol Pa) with atomic number 91: a dense, silvery-gray actinide metal.

protagonist /pɹoʊˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/ /pɹəˈtæɡ.ə.nɪst/ protagonists n
protagoniste héros héroïne
(authorship) The main character, or one of the main characters, in any story, such as a literary work or drama.

protandrous adj
protandre

protasis /ˈpɹɒtəsɪs/ protases n
protase
(logic, grammar) A clause that expresses a contingent element in a conditional sentence

proteaginous adj
protéagineux

protean /pɹoʊˈtiː.ən/ /pɹəʊˈtiː.ən/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɪ.ən/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɪ.ən/ more protean most protean adj
protéiforme changeant instable variable
Exceedingly variable; readily assuming different shapes or forms.
protéique
(of or relating to Proteus).

protease /ˈpɹəʊtɪeɪz/ proteases n
protéase
(enzyme) An enzyme that cuts or cleaves proteins.

proteasome proteasomes n
protéasome

protect /pɹəˈtɛkt/ v
protéger
(ambitransitive) To keep safe; to defend; to guard; to prevent harm coming to.

protected /pɹəˈtɛktɪd/ more protected most protected adj
protégé
defended
(programming, of a variable, method, etc.) Having the protected access modifier, indicating that a program element is accessible to subclasses but not to the program in general.

protection /pɹəˈtɛkʃən/ protections n
protection
The process of keeping (something or someone) safe.

protection money n
argent de racket
Money paid, especially at regular intervals, to criminals or to corrupt officials who threaten to cause harm to the payer or to his or her business if the money is not paid.

protection racket protection rackets n
racket
(crime) A criminal scheme in which victims are required to pay in order to avoid violence or destruction of property.

protectionism /pɹəˈtɛkʃənɪzəm/ protectionisms n
protectionnisme
(politics, economics) A system or policy of protecting the domestic producers of a product from foreign competition by imposing tariffs, quotas, duties or other barriers on importations.

protectionist more protectionist most protectionist adj
protectionniste
Of or pertaining to protectionism, or an advocate thereof.

protectionist protectionists n
protectionniste
Someone who believes in protecting domestic producers by impeding or limiting the importation of foreign goods and services via actions taken by government.

protective /pɹoʊtɛktɪv/ /pɹɛtɛktɪv/ more protective most protective adj
protecteur
Serving or intended to protect.

protector /pɹəˈtɛktə/ /pɹəˈtɛktɚ/ protectors protectress protectrix n
protecteur gardien
Someone who protects or guards, by assignment or on their own initiative.
protecteur
A device or mechanism which is designed to protect.

protectorate /pɹəˈtɛktəɹɪt/ protectorates n
protectorat
Government by a protector; especially, the government of England, Scotland, and Ireland by Oliver Cromwell.
The authority assumed by a superior power over an inferior or a dependent one, whereby the former protects the latter from invasion and shares in the management of its affairs but the protected state retains its nominal sovereignty.
An autonomous territory that is protected diplomatically or militarily against third parties by a stronger state or entity.

protein /ˈpɹoʊ.tiːn/ /ˈpɹoʊ.ɾi.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.ti.ɪn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tiːn/ proteins n
protéine protide
(biochemistry, countable) Any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds.
(nutrition, uncountable) One of three major classes of food or source of food energy (4 kcal/gram) abundant in animal-derived foods (i.e. meat) and some vegetables, such as legumes.

protein shake protein shakes n
boisson protéinée
A beverage containing protein mixed with milk or water for the purposes of improved nutrition, especially in bodybuilding.

proteolysis proteolyses n
protéolyse
(biochemistry) The hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids, especially as part of the digestion of food.

proteolytic adj
protéolytique
(biochemistry) Of, relating to, or promoting proteolysis

proteomic adj
protéomique
Of or pertaining to proteomics.

proteomicist proteomicists n
protéomicien
A scientist whose speciality is proteomics

proteomics n
protéomique
(biochemistry) The branch of molecular biology that studies the set of proteins expressed by the genome of an organism.

proteranthous /-ɾəɹ-/ /ˌproʊtəɹˈænθəs/ /ˌpɹəʊtəɹˈænθəs/ adj
protéranthe
Of a plant: having flowers that appear earlier than the leaves.
Of a plant: having leaves that appear earlier than the flowers.

protervity protervities n
protervité

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ protests n
protestation
A formal objection, especially one by a group.
manifestation protestation
A collective gesture of disapproval; a demonstration.

protest /pɹəˈtɛst/ /ˈpɹoʊ.tɛst/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɛst/ v
protester protestation
(intransitive) To make a strong objection.

protester /pɹəˈtɛstəɹ/ /ˈpɹoʊtɛstəɹ/ protesters n
manifestant manifestante
(legal) One who protests a bill of exchange, or note.

prothesis /ˈpɹɑθəsɪs/ /ˈpɹɒθəsɪs/ /ˈpɹɔθəsɪs/ protheses n
prothèse
(phonology) The prepending of phonemes at the beginning of a word without changing its morphological structure, as in Spanish esfera from Greek (via Latin) (without prothesis the word would have become *sfera).

prothrombin prothrombins n
prothrombine
(protein) A glycoprotein, produced in the liver, that is converted into thrombin during bleeding and subsequent clotting.

protidemia n
protidémie

protist /ˈproʊtɪst/ protists n
protiste
(microbiology) Any of the eukaryotic unicellular organisms—including protozoans, slime molds and some algae—historically grouped into the kingdom Protista (or Protoctista), now distributed over several clades.

protistological adj
protistologique
Relating to protistology.

protistologist protistologists n
protistologue
(biology, protistology) One who studies protists.

protistology n
protistologie
(biology) The scientific study of protists.

protium protiums n
protium
(isotope) The lightest and most common isotope of hydrogen, having a single proton and no neutrons: 11H

proto- /pɹoʊ.toʊ/ /ˈpɹəʊ.təʊ/ [pɹoʊ.ɾoʊ] prefix
proto-
(ordinal) First in order; which stage is first.
(inorganic chemistry) A minimal proportion of a particular substance when in a combination. See protosalt.

proto-language proto-languages n
protolangue
(linguistics) A language which is reconstructed by examining similarities in existing languages in order to deduce the form and aspects of a common ancestor language that is no longer known.

proto-oncogene proto-oncogenes n
proto-oncogène
(genetics) A gene, promoting the specialization and division of normal cells, that could become an oncogene due to mutation.

protocol /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkoʊl/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɑl/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌkɔl/ /ˈpɹəʊtəˌkɒl/ protocols n
protocole
(international law, now, _, rare) An official record of a diplomatic meeting or negotiation; later specifically, a draft document setting out agreements to be signed into force by a subsequent formal treaty. [from 17th c.]
The official rules and guidelines for heads of state and other dignitaries, governing accepted behaviour in relations with other diplomatic representatives or over affairs of state. [from 19th c.]
(computing) A set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange data, especially across a network. [from 20th c.]

protocollary adj
protocolaire
Of or pertaining to protocol.

protofeminism protofeminisms n
protoféminisme
A philosophical tradition anticipating modern feminist concepts before their arrival.

protogynous adj
protogyne

protologism /pɹəʊˈtɒləˌdʒɪzm/ protologisms n
protologisme
(neologism) A newly coined word or phrase defined in the hope that it will become common; a recently created term possibly in narrow use but not yet acknowledged.

protologue /ˈpɹəʊtəlɒɡ/ /ˈpɹəʊtəʊlɒɡ/ protologues n
protologue
(taxonomy) All the original material associated with a newly published name, comprising its description or diagnosis and any of a number of other elements such as illustrations, synonymy, etc.

protomartyr protomartyrs n
protomartyr protomartyre
Any of the first Christian martyrs.

proton /ˈpɹoʊ.tɑn/ /ˈpɹəʊ.tɒn/ protons n
proton
(particle) A positively charged subatomic particle forming part of the nucleus of an atom and determining the atomic number of an element, composed of two up quarks and a down quark.

protonation /ˌpɹoʊtəˈneɪʃən/ protonations n
protonation
(chemistry) The addition of a proton (hydrogen ion) to an atom, molecule or ion, normally to generate a cation.

protonic adj
protonique
Of, pertaining to, or composed of protons.

protonosphere protonospheres n
protonosphère

protophyte /ˈpɹoʊdəˌfaɪt/ /ˈpɹəʊtəfʌɪt/ protophytes n
protophyte
(biology) Any of various primitive organisms such as the slime molds

protoplanet protoplanets n
protoplanète
An astronomical object, approximately the size of the Moon, formed from the mutual gravitational attraction of planetesimals; they are thought to collide with each other and slowly form planets

protoplasm protoplasms n
protoplasme
(cytology) The entire contents of a cell comprising the nucleus and the cytoplasm. It is a semi-fluid, transparent substance which is the living matter of plant and animal cells.

protostar /ˈpɹoʊtoʊˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹəʊtə(ʊ)stɑː/ protostars n
protoétoile
(star) A collection of gas and dust in space with high temperature that usually grows to the point of beginning nuclear fusion and becoming a star.

protostomian adj
protostomien
Of or pertaining to the protostomes

protostomian protostomians n
protostomien
A protostome

prototroph prototrophs n
prototrophe
(biology) Any microorganism that can synthesize its nutrients from inorganic material

prototrophic more prototrophic most prototrophic adj
prototrophe
(biology) Of or pertaining to a prototroph or to prototrophy.

prototype /-ɾə-/ /ˈpɹoʊtəˌtaɪp/ /ˈpɹəʊtətʌɪp/ prototypes n
prototype
An original form or object which is a basis for other forms or objects (particularly manufactured items), or for its generalizations and models. [from late 16th c.]

protozoan /ˌpɹoʊ.təˈzoʊ.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/ adj
protozoaire
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a protozoan.

protozoan /ˌpɹoʊ.təˈzoʊ.ən/ /ˌpɹəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən/ protozoa protozoans n
protozoaire
(cytology) Any of the diverse group of eukaryotes, of the phylum Protozoa, that are primarily unicellular, existing singly or aggregating into colonies, are usually nonphotosynthetic, and are often classified further into phyla according to their capacity for and means of motility, as by pseudopods, flagella, or cilia.

protozoic adj
protozoïque
Of or relating to the protozoa.

protozoological more protozoological most protozoological adj
protistologique protozoologique
Of or pertaining to protozoology

protozoologist protozoologists n
protistologue protozoologiste
A zoologist whose speciality is protozoology.

protozoology n
protistologie protozoologie
The study of protozoa.

protract /pɹəˈtɹakt/ v
prolonger tirer en longueur
To draw out; to extend, especially in duration.

protractile more protractile most protractile adj
protactile
That can be protracted.

protractor /pɹəˈtɹæktə(ɹ)/ protractors n
rapporteur rapporteur d'angle
A circular or semicircular tool for drawing or measuring angles.

protrude /pɹəˈtɹuːd/ v
dépasser saillir
(transitive) To cause to extend from a surface or boundary; to cause to stick out.

protrusion /pɹəˈtɹuːʒən/ protrusions n
protubérance
(countable) Anything that protrudes.

protuberance /pɹoʊˈtuːbəɹəns/ /pɹəʊˈtjuːbəɹəns/ protuberances n
protubérance saillie
A bulge, knob, swelling, spine or anything that protrudes.

proturan proturans n
protoure
Any of many primitive insects, of the order Protura, that lack eyes and wings.

protégé /ˈpɹoʊ.təˌʒeɪ/ /ˈpɹɒt.ə.ʒeɪ/ protégés n
protégé protégée
A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced person (a protector or mentor).

proud /pɹaʊd/ more proud most proud prouder proudest adj
fier
Feeling honoured (by something); feeling happy or satisfied about an event or fact; gratified.
Possessed of a due sense of what one deserves or is worth.
orgueilleux fier
(chiefly, biblical) Having too high an opinion of oneself; arrogant, supercilious.

proud as a peacock /pɹaʊd əz ə ˈpiːkɒk/ adj
fier comme un paon
(idiom, simile) Extremely proud.

proudly /ˈpɹaʊdli/ more proudly most proudly proudlier proudliest adv
fièrement
In a proud manner.

provably more provably most provably adv
prouvablement
With proof; in a provable manner.

prove /pɹuːv/ v
prouver démontrer
(transitive) To demonstrate that something is true or viable; to give proof for.
se révéler s’avérer
(intransitive) To turn out; to manifest.

prove oneself v
faire ses preuves
(intransitive) To demonstrate or establish one's own worth.

proven /ˈpɹoːvən/ /ˈpɹuvən/ /ˈpɹuːvən/ /ˈpɹəʊvən/ more proven most proven adj
prouvé
Having been proved; having proved its value or truth.

provenance /ˈpɹoʊ.və.nɑns/ /ˈpɹɑ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.nəns/ /ˈpɹɒ.və.ˌnɒns/ provenances n
provenance
(arts) The history of ownership of a work of art

provender /ˈpɹɑvəndɚ/ /ˈpɹɒvəndə/ /ˈpɹɒvɪndə/ provenders n
provende
(dated) Food, especially for livestock.

proverb /ˈpɹɑvɝb/ /ˈpɹɒvɜːb/ proverbs n
proverbe
(obsolete) A striking or paradoxical assertion; an obscure saying; an enigma; a parable.
(obsolete) A drama exemplifying a proverb.

proverbial /pɹəˈvɜɹb.iː.əl/ more proverbial most proverbial adj
proverbial
Of, resembling, or expressed as a proverb, cliché, fable, or fairy tale.
Not used in a literal sense, but as the subject of a well-known metaphor.
Widely known; famous; stereotypical.

provide /pɹəˈvaɪd/ v
fournir procurer
To give what is needed or desired, especially basic needs.
pourvoir
To furnish (with), cause to be present.

provided /pɹəˈvaɪdɪd/ conjunction
pourvu que à condition que
Only if (the stipulation that follows is true).

providence /ˈpɹɒvɪdəns/ providences n
providence
The careful governance and guidance of God (or another deity, nature, etc.). [from 14th c.]
A manifestation of divine care or direction; an instance of divine intervention. [from 16th c.]

providential /pɹɒvɪˈdɛnʃl̩/ more providential most providential adj
providentiel
Fortunate, as if occurring through the intervention of Providence. [from 18th c.]

providentialism providentialisms n
providentialisme
(chiefly, Christianity) The belief that all events are predetermined by God or fate.

provider /pɹəˈvaɪ.də(ɹ)/ /pɹəˈvaɪ.dɚ/ /pɹəˈvɑɪ.də(ɹ)/ providers n
fournisseur fournisseuse
One who, or that which, provides a service, commodity, or the means for subsistence.

province /ˈpɹɑv.ɪns/ /ˈpɹɒv.ɪns/ provinces n
province état
A region of the earth or of a continent; a district or country. [from 14th c.]

provincial /pɹəˈvɪn(t)ʃəl/ /pɹəˈvɪnt͡ʃəl/ more provincial most provincial adj
provincial
Exhibiting the ways or manners of a province; characteristic of the inhabitants of a province.
Of or pertaining to an ecclesiastical province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop; not ecumenical.

provincialism provincialisms n
provincialisme
The quality of being provincial; having provincial tastes, mentality, manners.

provision /pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ provisions n
provision
An item of goods or supplies, especially food, obtained for future use.
Money set aside for a future event.
(accounting) A liability or contra account to recognise likely future adverse events associated with current transactions.

provision /pɹəˈvɪʒ.ən/ v
provisionner
(transitive) To supply with provisions.

provisional /pɹəˈvɪʒənəl/ adj
provisoire temporaire
Temporary, but with the intention of eventually becoming permanent or being replaced by a permanent equivalent.

provisionally more provisionally most provisionally adv
provisoirement
In a provisional way; temporarily.

provisioning provisionings n
approvisionnement
An act of supplying with provisions.

proviso /pɹəˈvaɪzoʊ/ provisoes provisos n
provision réserve
A conditional provision to an agreement.

provitamin provitamins n
provitamine
(biochemistry) Any biologically inactive compound that may be converted into a vitamin within an animal organism

provocateur provocateurs n
provocateur provocatrice
One who engages in provocative behavior.

provocation /ˌpɹɑvəˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌpɹɒvəˈkeɪʃən/ provocations n
provocation
The act of provoking, inciting or annoying someone into doing something

provocative /pɹəˈvɑ.kə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈvɒk.ə.tɪv/ /pɹəˈvɔk.ə.tɪv/ [pɹəˈvɑ.kə.ɾɪv] more provocative most provocative adj
provocateur provocatrice
Serving or tending to elicit a strong, often negative sentiment in another person; exasperating.

provoke /pɹəˈvoʊk/ /pɹəˈvəʉk/ /pɹəˈvəʊk/ v
provoquer
(transitive) To cause someone to become annoyed or angry.

provolone /pɹoʊvəˈloʊni/ /ˈpɹoʊvəloʊn/ provolones n
provolone
A semi-hard cheese made of whole milk from cows. It comes primarily from Southern Italy.

provost /pɹəʊˈvəʊ/ /ˈpɹoʊvoʊst/ /ˈpɹɑvəst/ /ˈpɹɒvɒst/ /ˈpɹɒvəst/ provosts n
prévôt prévôte
(religion) The minister of the chief Protestant church of a town or region in Germany, the Low Countries, and Scandinavia.
A mayor: the chief magistrate of a town, particularly (Scotland) the head of a burgh or (historical) the former chiefs of various towns in France, Flanders, or (by extension) other Continental European countries.
(US, higher education) A senior deputy administrator; a vice-president of academic affairs.
(historical) A steward or seneschal: a medieval agent given management of a feudal estate or charged with collecting fees; (obsolete, sometimes as ~ of Paradise or ~ of Heaven) a title of the archangel Michael.
(religion, historical) A prior: an abbot's second-in-command.
prévôt
(UK, military, _, slang, obsolete) A provost cell: a military cell or prison.

prow /pɹaʊ/ /pɹoʊ/ prows n
proue
(nautical) The front part of a vessel

prowess /ˈpɹaʊəs/ /ˈpɹaʊɪs/ prowesses n
adresse dextérité habileté
(uncountable) Skillfulness and manual ability; adroitness or dexterity.
prouesse exploit fait d'armes haut fait héroïsme
(uncountable) Distinguished bravery or courage, especially in battle; heroism.

prowl /pɹaʊl/ /pɹoʊl/ v
rôder
(ambitransitive) To rove over, through, or about in a stealthy manner; especially, to search in, as for prey or booty.

proxemics n
proxémie
The study of the effects of the physical distance between people in different cultures and societies.

proximity /pɹɑkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /pɹɔkˈsɪm.ə.ti/ [pɹɑkˈsɪm.ɪ.ɾi] [pɹɔkˈsɪm.ə.ɾi] proximities n
proximité
Closeness; the state of being near as in space, time, or relationship.

proxy /ˈpɹɑk.si/ /ˈpɹɒk.si/ adj
procuration
Used as a proxy or acting as a proxy.

proxy /ˈpɹɑk.si/ /ˈpɹɒk.si/ proxies n
fondé de pouvoir
An agent or substitute authorized to act for another person.
procuration
The authority to act for another, especially when written.
mesure indirecte
(sciences) A measurement of one physical quantity that is used as an indicator of the value of another
proxy
(software) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly.

proxy server proxy servers n
serveur mandataire
(computing) A hardware server that acts as an intermediary between a user and another server, usually on the Internet.

proxy war proxy wars n
guerre par procuration
A war where two powers use third parties as a supplement to, or a substitute for, fighting each other directly.

prude /pɹuːd/ prudes n
prude bégueule sainte-nitouche
A person who is or tries to be excessively proper, especially one who is easily offended by matters of a sexual nature.

prudent /ˈpɹuːdənt/ more prudent most prudent adj
prudent
Sagacious in adapting means to ends; circumspect in action, or in determining any line of conduct.

prudently more prudently most prudently adv
prudemment
In a prudent manner.

prudish more prudish most prudish adj
prude pudibond
Of excessive propriety; easily offended or shocked, especially by sexual matters.

prune /pɹun/ /pɹuːn/ /pɹɪu̯n/ /pɹʉːn/ v
pruneau
(intransitive, informal) To become wrinkled like a dried plum, as the fingers and toes do when kept submerged in water.
élaguer tailler émonder
(transitive, horticulture) To remove excess material from a tree or shrub; to trim, especially to make more healthy or productive.

pruner pruners n
émondeur
A person who prunes.

pruning shears n
sécateur
(plurale tantum) A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for gardening.

prurient /ˈpɹʊəɹ.i.ənt/ /ˈpɹʊɹ.i.ənt/ more prurient most prurient adj
lubrique
Arousing or appealing to sexual desire.

prurigo /pɹʊəˈɹaɪɡəʊ/ prurigoes prurigos n
prurigo
(medicine) A papular disease of the skin, with intense itching as the main symptom.

prussic adj
prussique
of, or derived from prussic acid; hydrocyanic

pry /pɹaɪ/ v
fouiller fureter scruter
To peer closely and curiously, especially at something closed or not public.
s'immiscer
(figuratively) To inquire into something that does not concern one; to be nosy; to snoop.

psalm /sæm/ /sɑlm/ /sɑm/ /sɑːm/ /sɔlm/ /sɔm/ psalms n
psaume
(religion, music) A sacred song; a poetical composition for use in the praise or worship of God.
One of the hymns by David and others, collected into one book of the Old Testament, or a modern metrical version of such a hymn for public worship.

psalmist psalmists n
psalmiste
(capitalized) A composer of one of the Biblical Psalms

psalmodic adj
psalmodique
Relating to psalmody.

psalmody /ˈsæ.mə.di/ /ˈsæl.mə.di/ /ˈsɑ.mə.di/ /ˈsɑl.mə.di/ /ˈsɑː.mə.di/ psalmodies n
psalmodie
(music, uncountable) The singing or the writing of psalms.

psalter /ˈsɔːltə(ɹ)/ psalters n
psautier

psalterium /sɑlˈtɪriəm/ /sɒlˈtɪəriəm/ /sɔlˈtɪriəm/ /sɔːlˈtɪəriəm/ psalteria n
tambourin à cordes
A psaltery (zither-like musical instrument)

psephology /sɪ.ˈfɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /sɪ.ˈfɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
pséphologie
The predictive or statistical study of elections. [From 1952]

pseudarthrosis pseudarthroses n
pseudarthrose
(pathology) A bony, flexible structure, resembling a joint, sometimes found after a poorly united fracture

pseudepigrapha /ˌs(j)uː.dəˈpɪ.ɡɹə.fə/ /ˌsuː.dəˈpɪ.ɡɹə.fə/ n
pseudépigraphe
Writings falsely ascribed to famous persons (historical or mythical) to lend them greater legitimacy, typically composed many centuries after the ostensible author's death.

pseudesthesia pseudesthesias n
pseudesthésie
(rare) An imaginary sensation felt in the absence of a stimulus.

pseudo- /ˈs(j)uːdəʊ/ /ˈsuːdoʊ/ prefix
pseudo-
False, not genuine, fake

pseudo-TLD pseudo-TLDs n
pseudo-domaine

pseudo-anglicism pseudo-anglicisms n
faux anglicisme
(linguistics) A word in a language other than English that has an English appearance but does not exist in English itself.

pseudo-type pseudo-types n
pseudo-type

pseudobulb pseudobulbs n
pseudo-bulbe pseudobulbe
A storage organ in orchids, derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes.

pseudocereal pseudocereals n
pseudo-céréale
Any plant that, although not belonging to the grass family, produces seeds that are used to make flour.

pseudocode pseudocodes n
pseudo-code
(computing) A description of a computer programming algorithm that uses the structural conventions of programming languages but omits detailed subroutines or language-specific syntax.

pseudocolumn pseudocolumns n
pseudo-colonne

pseudocrater pseudocraters n
pseudocratère
(geology) A volcanic landform formed by wet land being cooled by hot flowing lava.

pseudocyesis pseudocyeses n
grossesse nerveuse pseudocyesis
A false pregnancy; the appearance of signs and symptoms associated with pregnancy when the person or animal is not pregnant.

pseudodemocracy pseudodemocracies n
pseudo-démocratie
(politics) A government that holds elections but restricts civil liberties. [19th c.]

pseudoephedrine /sjuː.dəʊˈɛf.ə.dɹiːn/ /su.doʊ.ɪˈfɛ.dɹɪn/ pseudoephedrines n
pseudoéphédrine
(pharmaceutical drug) A sympathomimetic alkaloid commonly used as a decongestant; a chemical compound, an isomer of ephedrine, with the formula C10H15NO.

pseudohermaphrodite pseudohermaphrodites n
pseudo-hermaphrodite
An individual that has the external genitalia of one sex, but the internal sex organs of the other.

pseudohermaphroditism pseudohermaphroditisms n
pseudo-hermaphrodisme
A condition in which an individual has the internal reproductive organs of one sex but the external genitalia of the other.

pseudologue pseudologues n
pseudologue
A pathological liar

pseudonym /ˈs(j)uː.də(ʊ).nɪm/ /ˈsu.doʊ.nɪm/ /ˈsu.də.nɪm/ pseudonyms n
pseudonyme nom de guerre
A fictitious name (more literally, a false name), as those used by writers and movie stars.

pseudonymization pseudonymizations n
pseudonymisation
(computing, law) The replacement of all data (in a database etc) that identifies a person with an artificial identifier or pseudonym.

pseudoparasitism n
pseudoparasitisme

pseudopod /ˈsuː.də(ʊ)ˌpɒd/ /ˈsuː.dəˌpɑd/ pseudopodia pseudopods n
pseudopode
(cytology) A temporary projection of the cytoplasm of certain cells, such as phagocytes, or of certain unicellular organisms, such as amoebas, that serves in locomotion. [from 19th c.]
(by extension) An extension or projection from something. [from 20th c.]

pseudorandom adj
pseudo-aléatoire
Of a sequence of numbers, such that it has all the properties of a random sequence following some probability distribution (except true randomness), but is actually generated using a deterministic algorithm.

pseudoscience pseudosciences n
pseudo-science
Any body of knowledge that purports to be scientific or to be supported by science but which fails to comply with the scientific method.
Fictitious science as portrayed in science fiction.

pseudoscientific more pseudoscientific most pseudoscientific adj
pseudo-scientifique pseudoscientifique
Of, relating to, or employing pseudoscience; not scientific, though purporting to be scientific.

pseudoscientist pseudoscientists n
pseudo-scientifique pseudoscientifique
(pejorative) A practitioner of pseudoscience; a bogus or sham scientist.

pseudotetrahedral adj
pseudotétraédral pseudotétraédrique

pseudoword pseudowords n
pseudo-mot
(linguistics) A unit of speech or text that respects the phonotactic restrictions of a language, but is not part of the lexicon; a non-word whose nonexistence is merely an accidental gap.

pshaw /ˈpʃɔː/ /ˈʃɔː/ interjection
peuh
Indicating disapproval, scoffery, irritation, impatience or disbelief. [from 17th c.]

psi /psaɪ/ /saɪ/ psis n
psi
(countable) The twenty-third letter of Classical and Modern Greek and the twenty-fifth letter of Old and Ancient Greek.

psilocybin /ˌsaɪ-/ /ˌsɪ.ləˈsaɪ.bɪn/ /ˌsʌɪ.lə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪ.bɪn/ psilocybins n
psilocybine
(biochemistry) A hallucinogenic alkaloid, C12H15N2O·H2PO3, present in several species of Central American mushroom and producing effects similar to LSD. The prodrug of psilocin.

psionic /saɪˈɒn.ɪk/ adj
psionique
Of or relating to psionics.

psittacism psittacisms n
psittacisme
Mechanical, repetitive words used without understanding or consideration.

psoriasis /səˈɹaɪ.əsɪs/ psoriases n
psoriasis
(disease) A noncontagious disease whose main symptom is gray or silvery flaky patches on the skin which are red and inflamed underneath when scratched.

psyche /ˈsaɪ.ki/ psyches n
psyché psychisme
The human soul, mind, or spirit.

psychedelic /ˈsaɪ.kəˌdɛl.ɪk/ /ˈsaɪ.kɪˌdɛl.ɪk/ more psychedelic most psychedelic adj
psychédélique
Of, containing, generating, or reminiscent of drug-induced hallucinations, distortions of perception, altered awareness etc.

psychedelic /ˈsaɪ.kəˌdɛl.ɪk/ /ˈsaɪ.kɪˌdɛl.ɪk/ psychedelics n
psychédélique
Any psychoactive substance (such as LSD or psilocybin) which, when consumed, causes perceptual changes (sometimes erratic and uncontrollable), visual hallucination, and altered awareness of the body and mind.

psychedelic rock n
rock psychédélique
(music) A genre of rock music influenced by psychedelia, blues, jazz, folk music, electronic music and the hippie counterculture of the 1960s.

psychiatric /ˌsaɪ.ki.ˈæt.ɹɪk/ adj
psychiatrique
Of, or relating to, psychiatry.

psychiatrist /ˌsaɪˈkaɪ.ə.tɹɪst/ psychiatrists n
psychiatre psychiatriste
(medicine) A medical doctor specializing in psychiatry.

psychiatrization n
psychiatrisation
The act or process of psychiatrizing.

psychiatry /saɪˈkaɪ.əˌtɹi/ psychiatries n
psychiatrie
(medicine) The branch of medicine that focuses on mental and behavioral health by subjectively diagnosing, treating, or preventing mental disorders (mental illnesses) and behavioural conditions.

psychic /ˈsaɪkɪk/ psychics n
voyant
A person who possesses, or appears to possess, extra-sensory abilities such as precognition, clairvoyance and telepathy, or who appears to be susceptible to paranormal or supernatural influences.
médium
(parapsychology) A person who supposedly contacts the dead; a medium.

psycho /ˈsaɪ̯.koʊ̯/ /ˈsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯/ psychos n
psychopathe
(pejorative, slang) A person who is psychotic, psychopathic, or (broadly) otherwise insane.

psycho- /ˈsaɪ̯.koʊ̯/ /ˈsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯/ prefix
psycho-
Relating to the soul, the mind, or to psychology.

psychoanalysis psychoanalyses n
psychanalyse
A family of theories and methods within the field of psychotherapy that work to find connections among patients' unconscious mental processes.

psychoanalyst psychoanalysts n
psychanalyste
A practitioner of psychoanalysis.

psychoanalytic adj
psychanalytique
(psychoanalysis) Of or relating to psychoanalysis.

psychoanalyze v
psychanalyser
(ambitransitive) To practice psychoanalysis (on).

psychodramatic more psychodramatic most psychodramatic adj
psychodramatique
Pertaining to psychodrama.

psychogenic /ˌsʌɪkɒ(ʊ)ˈd͡ʒɛnɪk/ adj
psychogène
(psychiatry) Originating from or caused by state of mind; having a psychological rather than a physiological cause.

psychohistory /sʌɪkəʊˈhɪstəɹi/ psychohistories n
psychohistoire
(psychology, historiography) The scientific study of psychology and motivation in history.

psychokinesis /ˌsaɪkoʊkɪˈnisɪs/ /ˌsaɪkəʊkɪˈniːsɪs/ psychokineses n
télékinésie psychokinèse psychokinésie
(parapsychology) The movement of physical systems and objects by the use of psychic power. Abbreviated as PK.

psycholinguistics n
psycholinguistique
(linguistics) The interdisciplinary field of study which concerns the acquisition, comprehension and production of language in its spoken, written and signed forms, using concepts and approaches from linguistics, psychology and cognitive science.

psychological /ˌsaɪkəˈlɑːd͡ʒɪkl̩/ /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/ adj
psychologique
Of or pertaining to psychology.
Relating to the mind and behavior or to the mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.

psychological warfare n
guerre psychologique
(idiomatic) A mentally manipulative approach to warfare involving use of techniques to demoralize or intimidate someone into surrender.

psychologically adv
psychologiquement
in a psychological sense

psychologist /ˌsaɪˈkɑl.ə.d͡ʒɪst/ psychologists n
psychologue
An expert in the field of psychology.

psychologize v
psychologiser
To interpret or analyze in psychological terms

psychology /saɪˈkɑləd͡ʒi/ /saɪˈkɒləd͡ʒɪ/ psychologies n
psychologie
(uncountable) The study of the human mind.
(uncountable) The study of human or animal behavior.
(countable) The mental, emotional, and behavioral characteristics pertaining to a specified person, group, or activity.

psychometry psychometries n
psychométrie
(parapsychology) The paranormal ability to discover information about an object's past, and especially about its past owners, merely by handling it.

psychomotor adj
psychomoteur
Of or pertaining to the function of muscles under the control of the mind

psychomotricity n
psychomotricité
The mental control of the muscles.

psychonaut psychonauts n
psychonaute

psychopath /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsaɪkəˌpæθ/ psychopaths n
psychopathe
A person with a personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, cunning, manipulating, glibness, exploiting, heedlessness, arrogance, delusions of grandeur, carelessness, low self-control, disregard for morality, lack of acceptance of responsibility, callousness, and lack of empathy and remorse. Such an individual may be especially prone to violent and criminal offenses.
(figurative) A person with no moral conscience.
(figurative) A person who perpetrates especially gruesome or bizarre violent acts.
A person diagnosed with antisocial or dissocial personality disorder.

psychopathic /ˈsaɪkoʊˌpæθɪk/ /ˈsaɪkəˈpæθɪk/ more psychopathic most psychopathic adj
psychopathique
Exhibiting the behaviors and personality traits of a psychopath.

psychopathological /saɪ.koʊ.ˌpæθ.ə.ˈlɑːd͡ʒ.ɪ.k(ə)l/ /saɪ.kəʊ.ˌpæθ.ə.ˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.k(ə)l/ adj
psychopathologique
Of or relating to psychopathology.

psychopathology /ˌsaɪkɒpəˈθɒlədʒɪ/ psychopathologies n
psychopathologie
(medicine, pathology) The study of the origin, development, diagnosis and treatment of mental and behavioural disorders.

psychopathy /saɪˈkɑpəθi/ /saɪˈkɒpəθi/ psychopathies n
psychopathie
A personality disorder indicated by a pattern of lying, exploitation, heedlessness, arrogance, sexual promiscuity, low self-control, and lack of empathy and remorse. Violent and criminal offenses may be indicative of this disorder.

psychopharmacologist psychopharmacologists n
psychopharmacologue
A person involved in psychopharmacology.

psychophysical adj
psychophysique
Of or pertaining to psychophysics.

psychophysics n
psychophysique
(psychology) The branch of psychology concerned with the effects of physical stimuli on mental processes.

psychophysiological more psychophysiological most psychophysiological adj
psychophysiologique
Of or pertaining to psychophysiology

psychophysiology n
psychophysiologie
The branch of physiology that deals with the interaction of the mind and physiological processes

psychoplastogen psychoplastogens n
psychoplastogène
(medicine, psychiatry, organic compound) Any of a group of small molecule drugs (notably including some psychedelics) that produce rapid and long-lasting effects on neuronal structure and function and whose use is intended to produce therapeutic benefit after a single dose.

psychopolitics n
psychopolitique
The interaction between human psychology and politics.

psychopomp /ˈsaɪkoʊpɑmp/ /ˈsaɪkəʊpɒmp/ psychopomps n
psychopompe
(religion) A spirit, deity, person, etc., who guides the souls of the dead to the afterlife.

psychosis /saɪˈkoʊsɪs/ /saɪˈkəʊsɪs/ psychoses n
psychose
(psychology) A severe mental disorder, sometimes with physical damage to the brain, marked by a deranged personality and a distorted view of reality.

psychosocial /ˌsaɪ̯.koʊ̯ˈsoʊ̯.ʃəl/ /ˌsaɪ̯.kəʊ̯ˈsəʊ̯.ʃəl/ adj
psychosocial
(of behaviour) Having both psychological and social aspects.

psychosociologist psychosociologists n
psychosociologue

psychosomatic /ˌsaɪkoʊsəˈmædɪk/ /ˌsaɪkəʊsəˈmætɪk/ more psychosomatic most psychosomatic adj
psychosomatique
(medicine, psychology) Pertaining to physical diseases, symptoms etc. which have mental causes.

psychosomatics n
psychosomatique
(medicine) psychosomatic medicine (science)

psychostimulant psychostimulants n
psychostimulant

psychosynthesis psychosyntheses n
psychosynthèse
A form of psychology based on the direct experience of the self.

psychotechnic adj
psychotechnique
Relating to psychotechnology

psychotechnology psychotechnologies n
psychotechnique
The technological application of psychology

psychotherapeutic more psychotherapeutic most psychotherapeutic adj
psychothérapeutique
Of or pertaining to psychotherapeutics (psychotherapy)

psychotherapist psychotherapists n
psychothérapeute
Someone who practices psychotherapy.

psychotherapy /ˌsaɪkoʊˈθɛɹəpi/ psychotherapies n
psychothérapie
The treatment of people diagnosed with mental and emotional disorders using dialogue and a variety of psychological techniques.

psychotic /ˌsaɪˈkɒtɪk/ more psychotic most psychotic adj
psychotique
Of, related to, or suffering from psychosis.

psychotic /ˌsaɪˈkɒtɪk/ psychotics n
psychotique
A person affected by psychosis.

psychotraumatology n
psychotraumatologie
The study of psychological trauma.

psychotropic /ˌsaɪkəˈtɹɒpɪk/ more psychotropic most psychotropic adj
psychotrope
(pharmaceutical effect) Affecting the mind or mental processes.

psychotropic /ˌsaɪkəˈtɹɒpɪk/ psychotropics n
psychotrope
(pharmaceutical drug) A psychotropic drug or agent.

psychrometer psychrometers n
psychromètre
(meteorology) Any of several instruments used to measure the relative humidity of the atmosphere; especially a wet-and-dry-bulb hygrometer.

psychrometrics n
psychrométrie
(meteorology, thermodynamics) The measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour.

psychrometry /saɪˈkɹɑmətɹi/ /saɪˈkɹɒmɪtɹi/ psychrometries n
psychrométrie
(meteorology, thermodynamics) Synonym of psychrometrics (“the measurement or study of the physical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere and its water vapour”)

psychrosensitive /ˌsaɪkɹəʊˈsɛnsɪtɪv/ more psychrosensitive most psychrosensitive adj
frileux

psyllium psylliums n
ispaghul
Any of several plants of the subgenus Plantago subg. Psyllium, whose seeds are used commercially for the production of mucilage and their laxative properties.

psytrance /ˈsaɪ.tɹæns/ /ˈsaɪ.tɹɑːns/ n
psy-trance psytrance
A genre of trance music characterized by hypnotic arrangements of synthetic rhythms and complex layered melodies created by high-tempo riffs.

ptarmigan /ˈtɑːmɪɡən/ ptarmigan ptarmigans n
lagopède ptarmigan
Any of three species of small grouse in the genus Lagopus found in subarctic tundra areas of North America and Eurasia.

pteridophyte /təˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/ /tɪˈɹɪdəˌfaɪt/ /ˈtɛɹədəˌfaɪt/ pteridophytes n
ptéridophyte
Any plant of the division Pteridophyta, of simple vascular plants that reproduce via spores rather than seeds and that alternate generations of diploid (sporophyte) and haploid (gametophyte or prothallus) forms, the diploid generally being larger and more conspicuous.

pterodactyl /ˌtɛɹəˈdæktl̩/ /ˌtɛɹəˈdæktɪl/ pterodactyls n
ptérodactyle
(informal) Any pterosaur.

pterosaur /ˈtɛɹəˌsɔɹ/ pterosaurs n
ptérosaure
Any of several flying reptiles, of the extinct order †Pterosauria, including the pterodactyls. [from c. 1860]

pterygoid /ˈtɛ.ɹɪ.ɡɔɪd/ /ˈtɛɹ.əˌɡɔɪd/ adj
ptérygoïde ptérygoïdien

pterygote pterygotes n
ptérygote
Any insect of the order Pterygota.

ptilinum /(p)tɪˈlʌɪnəm/ /ˈ(p)tɪlɪnəm/ ptilina n
ptiline
(zoology, entomology) A bladder-like pouch on the head of schizophoran flies that by expanding enables the fly to emerge from its puparium.

ptilo- /(p)taɪləʊ/ /(p)tɪləʊ/ /(p)tʌɪləʊ/ prefix
ptil-
down, feather; also, more loosely, downy, feathery, penniform, plumiform

ptomaine /ˈtoʊmeɪn/ /ˈtəʊmeɪn/ ptomaines n
ptomaïne
(chemistry) Any of various amines formed by putrefactive bacteria.

ptooey interjection
ptui
The sound of spitting.

ptui /p(ə)ˈtuː.i/ [p͡tʼʰ] [p͡tʼʰə̥] interjection
ptui
The sound of spitting.

ptychography n
ptychographie

pub /pʊb/ /pʌb/ pubs n
pub bar estaminet taverne
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, South Africa) A public house where beverages, primarily alcoholic, may be bought and consumed, also providing food and sometimes entertainment such as live music or television.

pub crawl pub crawls n
barathon
The visiting of a number of public houses in a single session.

pube /pjuːb/ pubes n
poil pubien
(slang) A single pubic hair.

puberty /ˈpjuː.bə.ti/ puberties n
puberté
The age at which a person is first capable of sexual reproduction.

puberty blocker puberty blockers n
bloqueur de puberté

puberty inhibitor puberty inhibitors n
inhibiteur de puberté

pubes /ˈpjuːbiːz/ n
toison
The pubic hair.

pubescent /pjʊˈbɛs(ə)nt/ more pubescent most pubescent adj
pubescent pubère
At or just after the age of puberty.

pubic /ˈpjuːbɪk/ adj
pubien
Of, or relating to the area of the body adjacent to the pubis or the pubes.

pubic hair pubic hairs n
pilosité pubienne poil pubien
(collectively) The hair that grows in the pubic region from puberty.
poil pubien
(in the singular) A single hair growing in the pubic region.

pubis /ˈpju.bɪs/ pubes n
pubis
the pubic bone; the part of the hipbone forming the front arch of the pelvis

public /ˈpʌblɪk/ more public most public adj
public
Able to be seen or known by everyone; open to general view, happening without concealment. [from 14th c.]
Pertaining to the people as a whole (as opposed to a private group); concerning the whole country, community etc. [from 15th c.]
Officially representing the community; carried out or funded by the state on behalf of the community. [from 15th c.]
Open to all members of a community; especially, provided by national or local authorities and supported by money from taxes. [from 15th c.]

public /ˈpʌblɪk/ publics n
public
The people in general, regardless of membership of any particular group.

public address system public address systems n
haut-parleurs
An electronic voice-amplification apparatus, usually containing a set of two loudspeakers and a central control unit, used for singing, giving a speech, play-by-play commentary at events, or broadcasting in public areas like in airports or stations.

public administration n
administration publique
the implementation of public policy by governmental bodies; the administration of governmental functions; the administration of a state.

public domain /ˌpʌblɪk doʊˈmeɪn/ /ˌpʌblɪk də(ʊ)ˈmeɪn/ n
domaine public
(specifically, law) The realm of intellectual property which is not or no longer protected by copyrights or patents, and thus over which no person can establish a proprietary interest.

public enemy public enemies n
ennemi public ennemie publique
A criminal widely regarded as dangerous or antisocial.

public figure public figures n
célébrité
A famous person whose life is the subject of public interest.

public finance n
finances publiques
A field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities, and with the administration and design of those activities.

public good public goods n
intérêt général
(uncountable) The general welfare of the people; the best interests of the community.
bien public
(economics, countable) A good that is non-rivalrous and non-excludable.

public health n
santé publique
The science and practice of community hygiene; includes preventive medicine, health education, sanitation and environmental safety.

public historian public historians n
historien public
A professional who works in the field of public history.

public holiday public holidays n
fête fête légale jour férié
A national or regional holiday from work on a specific day, usually for cultural reasons or celebrations.

public key public keys n
clé publique
One of the two keys used in asymmetric cryptography, which is published to others, unlike the private key.

public key cryptography n
cryptographie à clé publique
The subfield of cryptography in which all information used to encode a message is assumed to be publicly available.

public law n
droit public
(legal) A category of law governing the relationship between the state on the one hand and persons (citizens or legal persons including corporations) on the other. Constitutional law, administrative law and criminal law are some of the major subdivisions of public law.

public library public libraries n
bibliothèque publique
A library provided essentially as a public service rather than as a commercial venture.

public life n
vie publique
The aspects of social life which occur in public, in the open, as opposed to more private social interaction within families, private clubs, etc.

public limited company public limited companies n
société anonyme
A publicly traded limited liability company in the United Kingdom and some other jurisdictions.

public limited liability company public limited liability companies n
SPRL Société publique avec responsabilité limitée
A type or form of for-profit incorporated company where ownership is divided into shares that are publicly tradeable usually in a stock exchange.

public opinion n
opinion publique
The opinion of the public, the popular view.

public policy /pʌb.lɪk.ˈpɔ.lɪ.si/ public policies n
politique publique
(legal) The set of policies (laws, plans, actions, behaviors) of a government; plans and methods of action that govern that society; a system of laws, courses of action, and priorities directing a government action.

public relations n
relations publiques PR RP
The professional dissemination and management of information by a person or an organization to the public with the purpose of creating a favorable public image.

public school public schools n
école publique
(North America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Philippines, formerly Scottish) A publicly funded and administered school; (UK, Ireland) such schools in the context of other countries

public sector public sectors n
secteur public
Any government and all entities that are controlled or funded by it.

public service public services n
service public
(countable) A service such as health care, transport, or waste removal provided to the general public, often by the government.

public speaker public speakers n
orateur

public telephone public telephones n
téléphone public
(This entry is a translation hub.)

public toilet public toilets n
toilettes publiques
(This entry is a translation hub.)

public transport public transports n
transport en commun
(UK, AU, NZ) Any form of transport that can be used by a member of public (who usually pays a fare); as opposed to private ownership of e.g. cars.

public trustee public trustees n
tiers de confiance
A public office which acts as a trustee, usually when a sum is required to be deposited as security by legislation, when courts remove another trustee, or for estates where either no executor is named by will or the testator elects wishes to appoint one.

public utility public utilities n
entreprise de service public
An organization that maintains the infrastructure for such a public service.

public-private partnership public-private partnerships n
PPP partenariat public-privé
(politics, government, business) An arrangement by which one or more private firms agrees to fund, create, or operate a facility, service, or other element of public infrastructure (such as a school, hospital, or highway) which is usually the sole responsibility of government, in return for all or some of the revenue generated by that facility or service.

publican /ˈpʌblək(ə)n/ /ˈpʌblɪk(ə)n/ publicans n
bistrot patron de bistro patronne de bistro
(chiefly, Britain) The landlord (manager or owner) of a public house.
publicain
(Ancient Rome, historical) A tax collector, especially one working in Judea and Galilee during New Testament times (1st century C.E.) who was generally regarded as sinful for extorting more tax than was due, and as a traitor for serving the Roman Empire.

publication /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ publications n
publication
The act of publishing printed or other matter.
An issue of printed or other matter, offered for sale or distribution.
The communication of information to the general public etc.

publicist publicists n
agent de publicité agent publicitaire publicitaire
A person whose job is to publicize information or events; a publicity agent; a public relations agent or worker
publiciste
A journalist, often a commentator, who focusses on politics

publicity publicities n
publicité
Advertising or other activity designed to rouse public interest in something.
Public interest attracted in this way.

publicity stunt publicity stunts n
coup de com' coup de communication coup publicitaire
A staged event used to garner publicity, usually for the purposes of marketing or activism.

publicly /ˈpʌblɪkli/ more publicly most publicly adv
publiquement
In public, openly, in an open and public manner.

publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ v
publier
(transitive) To issue (something, such as printed work) for distribution and/or sale.
(transitive) To announce to the public.
(intransitive) To issue a medium (e.g. publication).

publishable more publishable most publishable adj
publiable
Able to be published.

publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃɚ/ publishers n
éditeur maison d’édition
One who publishes, especially books.

publishing house publishing houses n
maison d'édition
A company that produces books, magazines, brochures and other texts in print or electronic form.

pucelle /pʊˈsɛl/ pucelles n
pucelle
(archaic) A girl, a maiden; a virgin (often with reference to Joan of Arc).

pudding /ˈpʊd.ɪŋ/ puddings n
pudding
Any of various dishes, sweet or savoury, prepared by boiling or steaming, or from batter.
A type of cake or dessert cooked usually by boiling or steaming.
A type of dessert that has a texture similar to custard or mousse but using some kind of starch as the thickening agent.
boudin
(originally) A sausage made primarily from blood.

pudding chomeur n
pouding chômeur

puddle /ˈpʌdəl/ puddles n
flaque flaque d'eau gouille
A small, often temporary, pool of water, usually on a path or road. [from 14th c.]

pudgy /ˈpʌd͡ʒi/ pudgier pudgiest adj
grassouillet rebondi replet
Fat, overweight (pertaining particularly to children), plump; chubby.

pudor /ˈpjuːdɔː/ /ˈpjuːdər/ n
pudeur
An appropriate sense of modesty or shame.

pudu /puːˈduː/ /ˈpuːduː/ pudu pudus n
pudu
A very small South American deer of the genus Pudu, native to the Andes.

puericulture n
puériculture
The rearing of young children, conceived of as an art or science.

puff /pʌf/ puffs n
souffle
(countable) A sharp exhalation of a small amount of breath through the mouth.
(uncountable) The ability to breathe easily while exerting oneself.
bouffée
(countable) A small quantity of gas or smoke in the air.
bouffée latte taffe
(informal, countable) An act of inhaling smoke from a cigarette, cigar or pipe.

puff pastry puff pastries n
pâte feuilletée
A light, flaky pastry that is made of alternating buttery and floury dough layers by repeatedly folding the rolled pastry into many layers.

puff up v
gonfler
(transitive) To inflate with air.
enfler
(intransitive) To swell due to injury or illness.

puffadder puffadders n
vipère heurtante
especially, a common puffadder (Bitis arietans), found in Southern Africa. [from late 18th c.]

puffball puffballs n
vesse-de-loup
Any of various fungi that produce a cloud of brown dust-like spores from their mature fruiting bodies.

puffed grain n
céréale soufflée
Grains that have been processed to expand (puff).

puffery /ˈpʌfəɹi/ pufferies n
esbroufe
An act of puffing.

puffin /ˈpʌfɪn/ puffins n
macareux
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) or (by extension) any of the other various small seabirds of the genera Fratercula and Lunda that are black and white with a brightly-coloured beak. [from 17th c.]

puffy /ˈpʌfi/ puffier puffiest adj
bouffi enflé rebondi
Swollen or inflated in shape, as if filled with air; pillow-like.
boursouflé
Speaking or writing in an exaggeratedly eloquent and self-important manner.

pug /pʌɡ/ pugs n
carlin
A small dog of an ancient breed originating in China, having a snub nose, wrinkled face, squarish body, short smooth hair, and curled tail. [from the 18th c]

pug nose pug noses n
nez retroussé
A short nose which is flattened and whose tip is turned up.

pug-nosed more pug-nosed most pug-nosed adj
au nez retroussé camard
Having a pug nose; with a short nose which is flattened and whose tip is turned up.

pugilist /ˈpju(ː).d͡ʒəlɪst/ /ˈpjuː.d͡ʒəlɪst/ pugilists n
boxeur
One who fights with their fists; especially a professional prize fighter; a boxer. [from 1790]

pugilistic more pugilistic most pugilistic adj
pugilistique

pugnacious /pʌɡˈneɪ.ʃəs/ more pugnacious most pugnacious adj
pugnace
Naturally aggressive or hostile; combative; belligerent; bellicose.

puissance /ˈpjuːɪ.s(ə)ns/ /ˈpwɪ-/ puissances n
puissance
Power, might or potency.

puissant /ˈpjuəsənt/ /ˈpjuːɪs(ə)nt/ /ˈpwɪs(ə)nt/ /ˈpwɪsənt/ more puissant most puissant adj
puissant
(archaic, or, literary) Powerful, mighty, having authority.

puke /pjuːk/ pukes n
vomi
(colloquial, uncountable) vomit.

puke /pjuːk/ v
vomir dégueuler dégobiller gerber caller l'orignal
(colloquial, ambitransitive) To vomit; to throw up; to eject from the stomach.

puku /ˈpuːkuː/ pukus n
puku
A medium-sized antelope found in Central Africa (Kobus vardonii).

pulchritude /pʌlkrə.t(j)uːd/ [ˈpʰʌɫkɹəˌtjuːd] [ˈpʰʌɫkɹəˌtuːd] pulchritudes n
beauté vénusté
Physical beauty.

pulchritudinous /ˌpʌlkɹɪˈtjuːdɪnəs/ more pulchritudinous most pulchritudinous adj
somptueux
(literary) Having great physical beauty.

pull /puːl/ /pʊl/ pulls n
influence
(figurative, by extension) An advantage over somebody; a means of influencing.

pull /puːl/ /pʊl/ v
tirer
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) so that it comes toward the person or thing applying the force.
retirer
(transitive) To remove (something), especially from public circulation or availability.
tirer un coup
(with 'a' and the name of a person, place, event, etc.) To copy or emulate the actions or behaviour that is associated with the person or thing mentioned.

pull a Homer v
faire une simpsonnerie

pull a sickie v
se faire porter pâle
(slang, UK, Australia, New Zealand) To skip work or school or avoid an obligation by pretending to be sick.

pull an all-nighter v
passer une nuit blanche
(idiomatic, informal) To stay awake throughout the night, usually when working or studying.

pull down v
rabattre ramener
(transitive) To make (something) lower (especially of clothes).
abattre démolir
(transitive) To demolish or destroy (a building etc.).

pull off v
retirer sortir
To remove by pulling.
sortir tirer
(idiomatic) To achieve; to succeed at something difficult.

pull oneself together v
ressaisir
(idiomatic, reflexive) To become mentally focused after a period of being unfocused; to regain control of oneself

pull out v
retirer
(also, figurative, intransitive) To withdraw; especially of military forces; to retreat.
(literally, intransitive) To use coitus interruptus as a method of birth control.
sortir
(idiomatic, transitive) To remove something from a container.
déboucher engager
(idiomatic, intransitive) To maneuver a vehicle from the side of a road onto the lane.

pull out all the stops v
mettre les petits plats dans les grands
(idiomatic) To reserve or hold back nothing.

pull out of one's ass v
sucer de son pouce
(idiomatic, vulgar, transitive) To fabricate (a factual-sounding claim) from no factual basis or evidence.

pull over v
arrêter ranger
(transitive) To command or force someone to drive their vehicle to the side of the road or curb and come to a stop.

pull punches v
retenir ses coups
(originally, boxing) To avoid using a high level of force when punching.

pull quote pull quotes n
relance relance-citation
(graphic design) A brief excerpt drawn from an document and set separately from the main text—often in larger type and/or in a frame—in order to draw the eye.

pull someone's chestnuts out of the fire v
tirer les marrons du feu
To do another person's difficult work.

pull someone's leg v
faire marcher mener en bateau
(idiomatic) To tease someone; to lead someone on; to goad someone into overreacting. It usually implies teasing or goading by jokingly lying.

pull strings v
faire jouer ses relations pistonner
(intransitive, idiomatic) To manipulate a situation, especially by asking favours of others; to use one's influence with others to attain a desired goal.
tirer les ficelles
(intransitive, idiomatic, often with “the” or a possessive adjective (such as “his”) before “strings”, pull one's strings) To control a person, organization, or situation by operating behind the scenes, as a puppeteer controls a marionette.

pull teeth v
décarcasser
(idiomatic, intransitive) To do something that is especially difficult or effortful.

pull the plug v
débrancher la prise
(informal, transitive with on) To cease to support; to halt.

pull the wool over someone's eyes v
rouler dans la farine
(informal, idiom) To deceive someone.

pull up v
soulever
(transitive, intransitive) To lift upwards or vertically.

pull-focus /pʊl ˈfəʊkəs/ n
rattrapage de point
(film, television) A filming technique whereby the focal point is drawn towards the viewer; also a shot (as part of an edit) in which such a technique is used. Also used attributively.

pull-up /ˈpʊl.ʌp/ pull-ups n
traction
An exercise done for strengthening the arms and back in which one lifts one's own weight while hanging from a bar. Palms may be facing in any direction.

pullet /ˈpʊlɪt/ pullets n
poulette
A young hen, especially one less than a year old. [from 14th c.]

pulley /ˈpʊli/ pulleys pullies n
poulie
(engineering, countable) One of the simple machines; a sheave, a wheel with a grooved rim, in which a pulled rope or chain lifts an object (more useful when two or more pulleys are used together, as in a block and tackle arrangement, such that a small force moving through a greater distance can exert a larger force through a smaller distance).

pullover /ˈpʊləʊvə(ɹ)/ pullovers n
pull-over
A sweater that must be put on by pulling it over the head; a sweater without buttons or a zipper in front.

pulmonary adj
pulmonaire
(anatomy) Pertaining to, having, or affecting the lungs.

pulmonary alveolus pulmonary alveoli n
alvéole pulmonaire
(anatomy) A small air sac in the lungs, where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood.

pulmonary embolism pulmonary embolisms n
embolie pulmonaire
(pathology) The embolism or obstruction of a pulmonary artery, usually by a detached blood clot from a leg or pelvic vein, which causes a stoppage of blood into the lungs; symptoms include shortness of breath, chest pain, fainting, and sometimes death.

pulmonary tuberculosis n
tuberculose
(pathology) The most common form of active tuberculosis (TB) infecting the lungs, generally caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

pulmoniferous adj
pulmoné
(zoology, archaic) Having lungs; pulmonate.

pulmonology /ˌpʊlməˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ n
pneumologie
The branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract.

pulp /pʊlp/ /pʌlp/ pulps n
pulpe
A mass of chemically processed wood fibres (cellulose).
The soft center of a tooth.
The soft center of a fruit.
A soft, moist, shapeless mass or matter.
(presse) à sensation
A magazine or book containing lurid subject matter and characteristically printed on rough, unfinished paper.

pulp fiction n
pulp
The kind of shocking and sensational fiction found in a pulp magazine.

pulpit /ˈpʊlpɪt/ /ˈpʌlpɪt/ pulpits n
chaire
A raised platform in a church, usually enclosed, where the minister or preacher stands when giving the sermon.

pulpitis n
pulpite
(dentistry) A reversible or irreversible inflammation of the tooth pulp which is in most cases of endodontic origin but can also be of periodontal origin too. It can lead to apical periodontitis, cysts and tooth loss if not treated.

pulpy pulpier pulpiest adj
feuilletonesque pulpeux
Having the characteristics of pulp fiction; thus, having a garish focus on sex and violence

pulsar pulsars n
pulsar
(astronomy) A rotating neutron star that emits radio pulses periodically.

pulsatile more pulsatile most pulsatile adj
pulsatile
Pulsating; that pulses. [from 15th c.]
(music) Of a musical instrument: played by striking or beating.

pulse /pʊls/ /pʌls/ [pəls] pulses n
pouls
A normally regular beat felt when arteries near the skin (for example, at the neck or wrist) are depressed, caused by the heart pumping blood through them.
(figuratively) A beat or throb; also, a repeated sequence of such beats or throbs.
(music, prosody) The beat or tactus of a piece of music or verse; also, a repeated sequence of such beats.
légumineuse
(uncountable) Annual leguminous plants (such as beans, lentils, and peas) yielding grains or seeds used as food for humans or animals; (countable) such a plant; a legume.

pulse oximeter pulse oximeters n
oxymètre de pouls
(medicine) A device used to monitor the oxygen level of a patient's blood.

pulse oximetry n
oxymétrie colorimétrique oxymétrie de pouls
(medicine) A noninvasive method allowing the monitoring of the oxygenation of a patient's hemoglobin, using a sensor placed on a thin part of the patient's anatomy, usually a fingertip or earlobe.

pultaceous /pʌlˈteɪʃəs/ more pultaceous most pultaceous adj
pultacé
Macerated; softened; nearly fluid.

pulverise v
pulvériser
(transitive) To render into dust or powder.
(intransitive) To become reduced to powder; to fall to dust.

pulverulent /pʌlˈvɛɹjələnt/ more pulverulent most pulverulent adj
pulvérulent
Consisting of, covered with, or disintegrating into a fine powder; powdery; dusty.

pumice /ˈpʌm.ɪs/ pumices n
ponce pierre ponce
A light, porous type of pyroclastic igneous rock, formed during explosive volcanic eruptions when liquid lava is ejected into water or air as a froth containing masses of gas bubbles, which are frozen into the rock as the lava solidifies.

pummel /ˈpʌməl/ v
marteler rouer de coups
To hit or strike heavily and repeatedly.

pump /pʌmp/ pumps n
pompe
A device for moving or compressing a liquid or gas.
A device for dispensing liquid or gas to be sold, particularly fuel.

pump /pʌmp/ v
pomper
(transitive, intransitive) To use a pump; to move (water or other liquid) by means of a pump. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To gain information from (a person) by persistent questioning. [from 17th c.]
(transitive) To move rhythmically, as the motion of a pump. [from 19th c.]
(US, intransitive, slang) Of music: to be loud, to have strong bass and rhythms; (by extension) to be full of energy. [from 20th c.]

pump attendant pump attendants n
pompiste
Someone who works at a petrol station filling up vehicles with petrol

pump up v
gonfler
(transitive) To inflate by means of a pump.

pumpable more pumpable most pumpable adj
pompable
able to be pumped

pumpjack pumpjacks n
chevalet de pompage
(US) The ground-based drive for a submerged pump in an oil borehole.

pumpkin /ˈpʌm(p).kɪn/ pumpkins n
citrouille potiron
The round yellow or orange fruit of this plant.
(uncountable) The color of the fruit of the pumpkin plant.

pumpkin pie pumpkin pies n
tarte à la citrouille
(cooking) A sweet pie made from the flesh of pumpkins and traditionally served as a dessert on Thanksgiving.

pumpkin spice pumpkin spices n
épices d'automne
A spice blend that includes cinnamon, nutmeg, allspice, dried ginger, and cloves.

pumpkinification n
apocoloquintose
The act of turning into a pumpkin; usually in jocular opposition to deification.

pun /pʌn/ puns n
calembour jeu de mots
A joke or type of wordplay in which similar definitions or sounds of two words or phrases, or different definitions of the same word, are deliberately confused.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ punches n
coup de poing
(countable) A hit or strike with one's fist.
poinçon pointeau poinçonnage
(countable) A device, generally slender and round, used for creating holes in thin material, for driving an object through a hole in a containing object, or to stamp or emboss a mark or design on a surface.
poinçonneuse
(countable) A mechanism for punching holes in paper or other thin material.
punch
A beverage, generally containing a mixture of fruit juice and some other beverage, often alcoholic.

punch /pʌnt͡ʃ/ /pʌnʃ/ v
poinçonner
To employ a punch to create a hole in or stamp or emboss a mark on something.

punch above one's weight /pʌntʃ əˈbʌv wʌnz weɪt/ v
[[s']]attaquer à plus fort que soi [[s']]en prendre à plus fort que soi
(idiomatic) To (attempt to) achieve or perform at a higher level than would be expected based on one's preparation, attributes, rank, or past accomplishments.

punch card punch cards n
carte perforée
A card that can have holes or notches cut in it, especially one for storing data, that can be sorted according to combinations of holes present or absent.

punch line /ˈpʌntʃˌlaɪn/ punch lines n
chute
The final part of a joke; the word, sentence, or exchange of sentences that is intended to be funny and provokes laughter from the listeners.
mot de la fin
(by extension) A final, concluding statement that an explanation has been leading up to; a conclusion.

punching bag /ˈpʌnt͡ʃɪŋ ˌbæɡ/ [ˈpən(t)ʃɪŋ-] punching bags n
punching-ball sac de boxe sac de frappe
A tough bag, usually cylindrical, filled with air, sand, or other material, often suspended so that it swings freely, which is punched or kicked when practising sports such as boxing or martial arts.
souffre-douleur
(figuratively) A person serving as an object of abuse.

punctiform more punctiform most punctiform adj
ponctiforme
Having the form of a point.

punctilio /pʌŋkˈtɪliˌoʊ/ punctilios n
pointille
A fine point in exactness of conduct, ceremony or procedure. Strictness in observance of formalities.

punctilious /pʌŋkˈtɪli.əs/ more punctilious most punctilious adj
pointilleux
Strictly attentive to detail; meticulous or fastidious, particularly to codes or conventions.

punctual /ˈpʌŋktjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋkt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈpʌŋtjʊəl/ /ˈpʌŋt͡ʃuəl/ more punctual most punctual adj
ponctuel
Prompt; on time.
(chiefly, mathematics) Existing as a point or series of points
(nonstandard, Euro-English) Periodic; occasional.

punctuality punctualities n
ponctualité
The state of being punctual

punctually more punctually most punctually adv
ponctuellement
In a punctual manner; on time.

punctuate /ˈpʌŋktjuːeɪt/ [ˈpʌŋkʃuːeɪt] v
ponctuer
(transitive) To add punctuation to.

punctuation /pʌŋk.t͡ʃuˈeɪ.ʃən/ punctuations n
ponctuation
A set of symbols and marks which are used to clarify meaning in text by separating strings of words into clauses, phrases and sentences; examples include commas, hyphens, and stops (periods).

punctuation mark punctuation marks n
signe de ponctuation
Any of various symbols used in writing and printing to indicate pauses, divisions, etc. and to aid the reader in understanding what is written.

puncture /ˈpʌŋktʃə/ /ˈpʌŋkt͡ʃɚ/ punctures n
crevaison perforation piqûre
A hole, cut, or tear created by a sharp object.

puncture /ˈpʌŋktʃə/ /ˈpʌŋkt͡ʃɚ/ v
perforer
To pierce; to break through; to tear a hole.

pundit /ˈpan.dɪt/ /ˈpʌn.dɪt/ pundits n
pandit pontife
A learned person in India; someone with knowledge of Sanskrit, philosophy, religion and law; a Hindu scholar. [from 17th c.]

pungency /ˈpʌnd͡ʒənsi/ pungencies n
puanteur
A foul odor.

pungent /ˈpʌnd͡ʒənt/ more pungent most pungent adj
âcre
Having a strong taste that stings the tongue; said especially of hot (spicy) food, which has a strong and sharp or bitter taste.
piquant pointu
(botany) Having a sharp and stiff point.

punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v
punir châtier
(transitive) To cause to suffer for crime or misconduct, to administer disciplinary action.

punishable more punishable most punishable adj
punissable passible
Subject to punishment; appropriate for punishment.

punisher punishers n
punisseur punisseuse
One who punishes.

punishment /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/ punishments n
punition châtiment
The act (action) or process of punishing, imposing and/or applying a sanction.
A penalty to punish wrongdoing, especially for crime.
châtiment punition
A suffering by pain or loss imposed as retribution.
punition
(figuratively) Any harsh treatment or experience; rough handling.

punitive /ˈpju.nɪ.tɪv/ more punitive most punitive adj
punitif
(legal, military) Inflicting punishment; punishing.

punk /pəŋk/ /pʌŋk/ punks n
morpion petit con
(countable, US, _, slang) A worthless person, particularly: [1904]
racaille vaurien
(pejorative) A petty criminal, especially a juvenile delinquent. [1908]
punk
Any of the punk genres: dieselpunk, solarpunk, steampunk etc.
(uncountable) The larger nonconformist social movement associated with punk rock and its fans.

punkah /ˈpʌŋkɑː/ /ˈpʌŋkə/ punkahs n
panka
(South Asia, Myanmar) A fan, especially made of leaf or cloth and hung from the ceiling; in the past often operated by a servant.

punkahwallah /ˈpʌŋkəˌwɑlə/ /ˈpʌŋkəˌwɒlə/ punkahwallahs n
panca panka punka
(South Asia) A servant who operates a punkah (type of fan).

punnet /ˈpʌnət/ /ˈpʌnɪt/ punnets n
barquette cagette
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) A small basket or receptacle for collecting and selling fruit, particularly strawberries.

punt gun punt guns n
canardière
(chiefly, historical) A very large shotgun used in the 19th and early 20th centuries for shooting large numbers of waterfowl for commercial harvesting operations and private sport.

punter /ˈpʌn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈpʌn.tɚ/ [pʰʌ̃ːɾ̃ɚ] punters n
parieur parieuse
(Australia, UK, New Zealand, slang) One who gambles. See speculator.
(Scotland) A person who trades with a gang but is not a gang member.

puny /ˈpjuni/ /ˈpjuːni/ punier puniest adj
chétif frêle
Of inferior significance, size, or strength; ineffective, small, weak. [from 16th c.]

pup /pʌp/ pups n
chiot
A young dog, wolf, fox, seal, bat or shark, or the young of certain other animals.

pupa /ˈpjuːpə/ pupae pupas pupæ n
chrysalide nymphe
An insect in the development stage between larva and adult.

pupate v
chrysalider
To become a pupa.

pupation pupations n
pupaison

pupil /ˈpjuːpəl/ pupils n
élève
(dated, _, except in, _, UK) A learner at a school under the supervision of a teacher.
pupille prunelle
(anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.
pupille
(legal, obsolete) An orphan who is a minor and under the protection of the state.

puppet /ˈpʌpɪt/ puppets n
marionnette
Any small model of a person or animal able to be moved by strings or rods, or in the form of a glove.
(figuratively) A person, country, etc, controlled by another.

puppet government puppet governments n
gouvernement fantoche
A government which is formally independent, but de facto wholly controlled by a foreign power.

puppet show puppet shows n
spectacle de marionnettes théâtre de marionnettes
A show, theatrical performance, in which the parts are played by puppets impersonating human or other characters

puppet state puppet states n
État fantoche
(politics) A state governed by a puppet government.

puppeteer /ˌpʌpəˈtɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˌpʌpɪˈtɪə/ puppeteers n
marionnettiste
A person who uses a puppet.
manipulateur
(figurative) Someone who is manipulative and thus able to get people to do what they want or to make events develop in the way they want in a puppet-like manner.

puppy /ˈpʌpi/ [ˈpʰɐpi] puppies n
chiot
A young dog, especially before sexual maturity (12–18 months)
raton
A young rat.

puppy love n
amourette
(informal, pejorative) A childish or youthful infatuation with another person.

purchase /ˈpɜː(ɹ).t͡ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/ purchases n
achat acquisition
That which is obtained for a price in money or its equivalent.
(obsolete) The act or process of seeking and obtaining something (e.g. property, etc.)

purchase /ˈpɜː(ɹ).t͡ʃəs/ /ˈpɝ.t͡ʃəs/ v
acquérir
To pursue and obtain; to acquire by seeking; to gain, obtain, or acquire.
acheter
To apply to (anything) a device for obtaining a mechanical advantage; to get a purchase upon, or apply a purchase to; to raise or move by mechanical means.

purchase order purchase orders n
bon de commande
(business) A commercial document issued by a buyer to a seller, indicating the type, quantities and agreed prices for products or services the seller will provide to the buyer.

purchase price purchase prices n
prix d'achat
(management, accounting) The price at which something is actually purchased, especially from the point of view of the purchaser.

purchasing purchasings n
achat
An act or process of making a purchase.

purchasing power n
pouvoir d'achat
(economics) The amount of goods and services that can be bought with a unit of currency.
(economics) The amount of goods and services that can be bought by consumers; available income; spending power.
(business) The ability of a large collective or company to negotiate more favourable prices and terms than a smaller group or company.

purchasing power parity purchasing power parities n
parité de pouvoir d'achat
(economics) A theory of long-term equilibrium exchange rates based on relative price levels of two countries.

pure /ˈpjoɹ/ /ˈpjoː/ /ˈpjuː(ə)ɹ/ /ˈpjɔː/ /ˈpjɚ/ /ˈpjɜː/ /ˈpjɝ/ /ˈpjʉːə/ /ˈpjʊə/ /ˈpjʊɹ/ /ˈpɪu̯(ə)ɹ/ /ˈpɪu̯ə(ɹ)/ more pure most pure purer purest adj
pur
Free of flaws or imperfections; unsullied.
Free of foreign material or pollutants.
Free of immoral behavior or qualities; clean.
(of a branch of science) Done for its own sake instead of serving another branch of science.
(of sound) Without harmonics or overtones; not harsh or discordant.

pure as the driven snow adj
blanc comme neige
(simile) Extremely pure; totally pure (typically "pure" in the sense of "virtuous").

pure customer pure customers n
consommateur objectif consommateur pur

pure mathematics n
mathématiques pures
The study of mathematical concepts independently of applications outside mathematics.

pure science n
science pure

pureblooded more pureblooded most pureblooded adj
de souche
Of pure blood; belonging to only one race.

purebred more purebred most purebred adj
pur-sang
Having genuine parents of the same breed, usually of an animal.

puree /pjʊəˈɹeɪ/ /ˈpjʊəɹeɪ/ purees n
purée
A food that has been ground or crushed into a thick liquid or paste.

purge /pɜːd͡ʒ/ /pɝd͡ʒ/ purges n
purge épuration
An act of purging.
A forcible removal of people, for example, from political activity.

purge /pɜːd͡ʒ/ /pɝd͡ʒ/ v
éliminer
(transitive) To clean thoroughly; to cleanse; to rid of impurities.

purification /ˌpjʊəɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ purifications n
purification
The act or process of purifying; the removal of impurities.

purificator purificators n
purificatoire
(Christianity) The napkin used to wipe the lip of the chalice during Holy Communion.

purify /ˈpjɔːɹɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjɝɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪfaɪ/ /ˈpjʊɹɪfaɪ/ v
purifier
(transitive) To cleanse, or rid of impurities.
(transitive) To free from guilt or sin.

purine /ˈpjʊəɹiːn/ purines n
purine
(organic compound) Any of a class of organic heterocyclic compounds, composed of fused pyrimidine and imidazole rings, that constitute one of the two groups of organic nitrogenous bases (the other being the pyrimidines) and are components of nucleic acids.

purism purisms n
purisme
(uncountable) An insistence on the traditionally correct way of doing things.

purist more purist most purist adj
puriste
Of or pertaining to purism.

purist purists n
puriste
An advocate of purism.

puritan /ˈpjɔːɹɪtən/ /ˈpjɝɪtən/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪtən/ /ˈpjʊɹɪtən/ more puritan most puritan adj
puritain
(often, disapproving) Acting or behaving according to the Puritan morals (e.g. propagating modesty), especially with regard to pleasure, nudity and sex.

purity /ˈpjɔːɹɪti/ /ˈpjɝɪti/ /ˈpjʊəɹɪti/ /ˈpjʊɹɪti/ purities n
pureté
The state or degree of being pure.

purity ring purity rings n
bague de virginité
A ring (piece of jewellery) representing a Christian religious vow to abstain from sexual intercourse until marriage.

purlin [ˈpɜːɹlɪn] purlins n
panne
A longitudinal structural member bridging two or more rafters of a roof.

purloin /pɜːˈlɔɪn/ v
dépouiller
(transitive, usually, formal, or, humorous) To take the property of another, often in breach of trust; to appropriate wrongfully; to steal.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ more purple most purple purpler purplest adj
pourpre violet
Of a purple hue.
(US politics) Not predominantly red or blue, but having a mixture of Democrat and Republican support.
(in Netherlands and Belgium) Mixed between social democrats and liberals.
Imperial; regal.
Blood-red; bloody.
(of language) Extravagantly ornate, like purple prose.
(motor racing, of a sector, lap, etc.) Completed in the fastest time so far in a given session.

purple /ˈpɜː(ɹ).pəl/ /ˈpɝ.pəl/ purples n
pourpre violet
(colour theory) Any non-spectral colour on the line of purples on a colour chromaticity diagram or a colour wheel between violet and red.

purple emperor purple emperors n
grand mars changeant
A large, dark brown and white (female), or purple and white (male) butterfly, Apatura iris, of the family Nymphalidae.

purple heron /ˈpɜː(ɹ)pəl ˈhɛɹən/ /ˈpɝpəl ˈhɛɹən/ purple herons n
héron pourpré
A wading bird, Ardea purpurea, having reddish-brown plumage and found throughout southern Europe and Asia.

purple lettuce purple lettuces n
prénanthe pourpre
A European perennial herb related to lettuce, Prenanthes purpurea

purple prose n
langage fleuri
Extravagant or flowery writing, especially in a literary work.

purple swamphen purple swamphens n
poule sultane talève sultane
Various species in the Porphyrio genus of the Rallidae family, including Porphyrio porphyrio, Porphyrio madagascariensis, Porphyrio poliocephalus, Porphyrio indicus, Porphyrio pulverulentus, and Porphyrio melanotus.

purplish more purplish most purplish adj
violâtre violacé
Somewhat purple in colour/color.

purport /pəˈpɔːt/ /pɚˈpɔɹt/ /ˈpɚpɔɹt/ /ˈpɜːpɔːt/ /ˈpɜːpət/ v
avoir l'intention (de) prétendre
(construed with to) To intend.

purported /pəɹˈpoʊɹ.tɪd/ /pəɹˈpɔɹ.tɪd/ adj
putatif supposé
Supposed, or assumed to be.

purpose /ˈpɜ.poʊs/ /ˈpɜ.pəs/ /ˈpɜːpəs/ /ˈpɝpəs/ purposes n
but objectif
The end for which something is done, is made or exists.
intention
Resolution; determination.
sujet
(obsolete) The subject of discourse; the point at issue.

purposely /ˈpɜːpəsli/ /ˈpɝpəsli/ more purposely most purposely adv
exprès
On purpose; intentionally.

purpura /ˈpɜːpjʊɹə/ purpuras n
purpura
(pathology) The appearance of red or purple discolorations on the skin that do not blanch when pressure is applied, caused by subdermal bleeding.

purpure /pəˈpjʊə/ /pɚˈpjʊɹ/ adj
pourpre
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour purple.

purpure /pəˈpjʊə/ /pɚˈpjʊɹ/ n
pourpre
(tincture) A purple colour on a coat of arms, represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees clockwise.

purpureal /pɜːˈpjʊə.ɹɪ.əl/ /pɝˈp(j)ʊ.ɹi.əl/ more purpureal most purpureal adj
violâtre
(literary, poetic) Of a purple colour.

purpuric acid n
acide purpurique
(chemistry) C8H5N5O6, a nitrogenous acid that yields alloxan and uramil when hydrolysed, known for its purple salts.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ purrs n
ronron ronronnement
The vibrating sound made by a cat in its throat when contented.

purr /pɜː(ɹ)/ v
ronronner
(intransitive, of a cat) To make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented.

purse /pɜːs/ /pɝs/ purses n
sac à main bourse portefeuille portemonnaie
(US) A handbag (small bag usually used by women for carrying various small personal items)
bourse
A quantity of money given for a particular purpose.

purser pursers n
commissaire de bord commissaire du bord
The person responsible for handling the accounts on a ship, or for dealing with the passengers on a ship or aircraft.

purslane /ˈpɜːslən/ /ˈpɝslən/ purslanes n
pourpier
Any of the family Portulacaceae (order Caryophyllales) of succulent plants.

pursuant /pəˈsjuː.ənt/ /pɚˈsu.ənt/ more pursuant most pursuant adj
en conformité avec
In conformance to, or in agreement with; used with to.

pursuant /pəˈsjuː.ənt/ /pɚˈsu.ənt/ more pursuant most pursuant adv
conformément
Accordingly; consequently.

pursue /pəˈsjuː/ /pəˈʃu/ /pəˈʃuː/ /pɚˈsu/ /pɜˈʃuː/ v
poursuivre rechercher
(ambitransitive) To follow urgently, originally with intent to capture or harm; to chase. [from 14th c.]
rechercher
(transitive) To aim for, go after (a specified objective, situation etc.). [from late 14th c.]

pursuer pursuers n
poursuivant
One who pursues.

pursuit /-sɪu̯t/ /pə(ɹ)-/ /pəɹ-/ /pəˈsjuːt/ /pəˈsʉːt/ /pəˈʃuːt/ /pəˈʃʉːt/ /pɜː(ɹ)ˈsɪu̯t/ /pɜːɹˈs(j)uːt/ /pɜːˈsjuːt/ /pɜːˈʃuːt/ /pɝˈsuːt/ pursuits n
poursuite
The act of pursuing.

purulent /ˈpjʊəɹ(j)ʊlənt/ /ˈpjʊəɹələnt/ more purulent most purulent adj
purulent
(medicine) Consisting of pus.

purvey /pəˈveɪ/ /pəːˈveɪ/ /pɚˈveɪ/ v
fournir preparer
pourvoir
(intransitive, obsolete) To prepare in advance (for or to do something); to plan, make provision.
(transitive) To furnish or provide.

purview /ˈpɜː(ɹ)vjuː/ purviews n
domaine portée
Scope or range of interest or control.

pus /pʌs/ n
pus
A whitish-yellow or yellow substance composed primarily of dead white blood cells and dead pyogenic bacteria; normally found in regions of bacterial infection.

push /pʊʃ/ [puʃ] [pʷʊʃ] pushes n
poussée
A short, directed application of force; an act of pushing.

push /pʊʃ/ [puʃ] [pʷʊʃ] v
pousser
(transitive, intransitive) To apply a force to (an object) such that it moves away from the person or thing applying the force.
(intransitive) To continue to attempt to persuade a person into a particular course of action.

push and shove v
jouer des coudes
To use one's strength to force oneself through a crowded area.

push one's luck v
pousser sa chance

push someone's buttons v
taper sur le système

push the envelope /-ˈɑn-/ /-ˈɒnv(ə)ləʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ði ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/ /ˌpʊʃ ðiː ˈɛnvələʊp/ v
dépasser les bornes
(intransitive, idiomatic, originally, aeronautics) To go beyond established limits; to pioneer. [from mid 20th c.]

push up daisies v
bouffer les pissenlits par la racine manger les pissenlits par la racine
(idiomatic, euphemistic, or, humorous) To be dead.

push-button /ˈpʊʃˌbʌtn̩/ push-buttons n
bouton-poussoir poussoir
An electrical switch activated by pressing a button.

push-start v
démarrer à la poussette
To start a motor car by pushing it (in neutral) and engaging a gear when it has sufficient velocity

push-up /ˈpʊʃˌʌp/ push-ups n
pompe
An exercise done to improve upper body strength, performed by resting on one's toes and hands and pushing one's weight off the floor.

pushing up daisies adj
manger les pissenlits par la racine
(euphemistic, or, humorous) Dead.

pushrim pushrims n
main courante main-courante
A rim designed to be pushed. Typically found on a manual wheelchair.

pushy /ˈpʊʃ.i/ pushier pushiest adj
ambitieux arriviste
Overly assertive, bold, or determined; aggressively ambitious.

pusillanimous /pjuːsəlˈænəməs/ /pjuːsɪlˈænɪməs/ more pusillanimous most pusillanimous adj
pusillanime
Showing ignoble cowardice, or contemptible timidity. [from 16th c.]

pussy /ˈpʌsi/ pussier pussiest adj
purulent
(medicine) Containing pus.

pussy /ˈpʊsi/ pussies n
chaton minet minou froussard mauviette poltron
(informal, affectionate) A cat. [from 17th c.]
chatte foufoune minou plotte kpê noune
(vulgar, colloquial) The female genitalia; the vulva and/or vagina. [from 17th c.]
minette
(colloquial, affectionate, now, _, rare) A woman or girl, seen as having characteristics associated with cats such as sweetness. [from 16th c.]

pussy eating n
broutage de minou broute-minou minette
(vulgar, slang) cunnilingus

pussy-cat pussy-cats n
minet chaton chatonne minette
(informal, affectionate) A pet domestic cat; a pussy.

put /pʊt/ [pʰʊʔt] v
mettre poser placer
To place something somewhere.
mettre
To express something in a certain manner.

put a foot wrong v
faire un faux pas
(idiomatic) To make a mistake.

put all one's eggs in one basket v
mettre tous ses œufs dans le même panier
To rely on a single source (as of income), rather than diversifying.

put an end to v
mettre un terme à
(transitive, idiomatic) To terminate or abolish.

put away v
ranger
(transitive) To put (something) in its usual storage place; to place out of the way, clean up.

put back v
remettre
(transitive) To return something to its original place.
(transitive) To postpone an arranged event or appointment.
faire demi-tour
(intransitive, nautical) To turn back; to return.
reculer remettre les pendules à l’heure
(transitive, idiomatic) To change the time in a time zone to an earlier time.

put down v
déposer poser
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see put,‎ down.
médire
(idiomatic) To insult, belittle, or demean.
déposer
(of money as deposit) To pay.
(idiomatic) To drop someone off, or let them out of a vehicle.
déposer poser mater
To halt, eliminate, stop, or squelch, often by force.
endormir
(euphemistic) To euthanize (an animal).
déposer reposer
To terminate a call on (a telephone); to hang up.
inscrire déposer
To add a name to a list.
poser
(idiomatic) To cease, temporarily or permanently, reading (a book).

put down roots v
prendre racine s'enraciner
(idiomatic) To establish oneself in a place; to become settled.

put food on the table v
faire bouillir la marmite nourrir son homme
(idiomatic) To provide enough money to cover basic necessities.

put horns on v
cocufier
(transitive) To cuckold, to be unfaithful to.

put in v
insérer mettre
(transitive) To place inside.

put in the shade v
faire de l'ombre porter ombrage

put into practice v
mettre en pratique
(transitive, idiomatic) To make (something) a practical reality.

put off v
ajourner rebuter
(transitive) To cause to dislike; to discourage (from doing).

put on v
mettre enfiler
To don (clothing, equipment, or the like).

put on a pedestal v
mettre sur un piédestal placer sur un piédestal
(transitive, idiomatic) To hold in very high esteem, especially to an exaggerated degree.

put on airs v
prendre des airs se donner des airs
(idiomatic) To become haughty, to assume a pretentious manner.

put on weight v
grossir prendre du poids
To experience a weight gain, to increase in weight.

put one's best foot forward v
se montrer sous son meilleur jour
(idiomatic) To show oneself in the best or most positive way possible; to make a favorable impression.

put one's cards on the table v
abattre ses cartes abattre son jeu
(idiomatic) To reveal one's true intentions, beliefs, feelings, or other previously concealed facts about one's situation; to speak frankly.

put one's finger on v
identifier mettre le doigt sur
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To identify, specify, name or pick out.

put one's foot in one's mouth v
mettre les pieds dans le plat se prendre les pieds dans le tapis
(idiomatic) To misspeak; to say something embarrassing or wrong, or to make a mistake in public, or a social blunder, that is embarrassing or offensive.

put one's house in order v
faire le ménage mettre de [[l']]ordre ranger
(literal) To clean and arrange in an orderly manner the furnishings and other contents of one's house.

put oneself in someone's shoes v
se mettre dans la peau de quelqu'un se mettre à la place
(figuratively) To try to look at a situation from a different point of view; as if one were the other person; to empathise.

put option put options n
option de vente
(finance) An option to sell a stated quantity of an asset or financial product, such as stock, at a stated price (the strike price), on a stated future date (or range of dates).

put out more put out most put out adj
vexé
Taking offense; indignant.

put out v
écarter les cuisses
To cause someone to be out of sorts; to annoy, impose, inconvenience, or disturb.
(intransitive) To go out, to head out, especially (sailing) to set sail.
(intransitive, originally, _, US, _, slang) To consent to sex.
produire
To produce, to emit.
éteindre
To extinguish (fire).

put someone in their place v
remettre à sa place
(idiomatic) To bring somebody down; to humble or rebuke.

put someone out of their misery v
abréger les souffrances de mettre fin aux souffrances de
(transitive, idiomatic, informal) To submit a suffering person or an animal to euthanasia.

put something into perspective v
mettre en perspective remettre en perspective
(idiomatic) To compare something with a similar thing to give a clearer, more accurate idea.

put that in your pipe and smoke it phraseologicalUnit
je vous laisse y réfléchir
(idiomatic, colloquial, pejorative) Used after stating something surprising or undesired, to emphasize its truth. Also used after refuting an argument. Sometimes an adjective is inserted before pipe.

put the blame on v
rejeter la faute
To blame a particular named person.

put the cart before the horse v
mettre la charrue avant les bœufs
(idiomatic) To put things in the wrong order or with the wrong priorities; to put something inconsequential as more important than something more essential.

put the cat among the pigeons v
enfermer le loup dans la bergerie jeter un pavé dans la mare

put the make on v
draguer faire des avances
(informal, transitive) To pursue with romantic interest, especially in an aggressive, sexually suggestive manner.

put the pedal to the metal v
mettre le pied au plancher
(idiomatic) To press the gas pedal to the maximum extent.
(by extension) To exert maximum effort.

put through v
passer
(idiomatic) To connect (a telephone caller with intended callee).

put to bed v
coucher mettre au lit
(transitive) To help someone, for example a child, go to bed.

put to good use v
mettre à profit tirer parti
(transitive) To make good use of something.

put to sleep v
endormir
(transitive) To cause (someone) to sleep.
(transitive) To help (someone) to bed; put to bed.

put to the sword v
passer au fil de l'épée
(idiomatic) To execute, especially by using a sword.

put to use v
utiliser
(transitive) To use; to utilise; to apply.

put together adj
réuni
In total.

put together v
assembler
(transitive) To assemble, construct, build, or formulate.

put two and two together v
faire le lien faire le rapprochement

put up v
placer
(transitive) To place in a high location.
abriter
(transitive, idiom) To house; to shelter; to take in.

put upon more put upon most put upon adj
exploité utilisé
Imposed on, taken advantage of, used, taken for granted, or unappreciated.

put words in someone's mouth v
faire dire à [[quelqu'un]] ce [[qu']]il [[n'a]] pas dit
(idiomatic) To say or imply that someone has made a statement or remark which they did not precisely or directly make.

put-up put-ups n
coup monté
Something prearranged or faked in order to trick someone or to advance one's own interests.

putative /ˈpju.tə.tɪv/ /ˈpjʉ.tə.tɪv/ [ˈpju.ɾə.ɾɪv] [ˈpjʉ.ɾə.ɾɪv] more putative most putative adj
putatif présumé
(derogatory) Commonly believed or deemed to be the case; accepted by supposition rather than as a result of proof.

putrefaction /ˌpjuːtɹəˈfækʃən/ putrefactions n
putréfaction
The act of causing to rot; the anaerobic splitting of proteins by bacteria and fungi with the formation of malodorous, incompletely oxidized products.

putrescible /pjuːˈtɹɛsɪb(ə)l/ more putrescible most putrescible adj
putrescible
Decomposable; capable of becoming putrescent; rottable.

putrid /ˈpju.tɹəd/ /ˈpjuː.tɹɪd/ more putrid most putrid adj
putride
Rotting, rotten, being in a state of putrefaction. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

putsch /pʊt͡ʃ/ putsches n
putsch coup d'État
A coup d'état; an illegal effort to forcibly overthrow the current government.

putt /pʌt/ [pʰat] [pʰɐt] [pʰət] [pʰʊt] [pʰʌt] v
poter

puttee /pʌˈtiː/ /ˈpʌtiː/ puttees n
bande molletière
A strip of cloth wound round the leg, worn for protection or support by hikers, soldiers etc.

putting green putting greens n
vert
(golf) The area of a golf course nearest the hole, with a smoother surface to make putting easier.

putty /ˈpʌti/ putties n
mastic
A form of cement, made from linseed oil and whiting, used to fix panes of glass.

putty /ˈpʌti/ v
mastiquer
(transitive) To fix or fill using putty.

putty in someone's hands n
marionnette
(idiomatic, of a person) One who is readily manipulated or controlled by another person; a puppet.

putty knife putty knives n
couteau à mastic
A hand tool with a flexible blade used by glaziers to apply putty to seal window panes to the frame and mullions.
couteau à enduire
A similar tool with a wide, flat blade used by painters, plasterers, and carpenters to spread putty to fill holes and cracks.

puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/ puzzles n
énigme mystère
Anything that is difficult to understand or make sense of.
puzzle casse-tête jeu de patience
A game for one or more people that is more or less difficult to work out or complete.
devinette
A riddle.

puzzle /ˈpʌzəl/ v
rendre perplexe
(transitive) To perplex, confuse, or mystify; to cause (someone) to be faced with a mystery, without answers or an explanation.

puzzle box puzzle boxes n
boîte à secret
A box that cannot be opened by the usual obvious means, and therefore challenges a person to find the correct way to open it.

puzzled /ˈpʌ.zl̩d/ more puzzled most puzzled adj
perplexe
Confused or perplexed.

pycnometer /pɪkˈnɒmɪtə(ɹ)/ pycnometers n
pycnomètre
(physics, metrology) A vessel of precisely known volume used by weighing to determine the specific gravity or relative density of a liquid.

pyelon pyelons n
pyélon

pygidium pygidia pygidiums n
pygidium
(zoology) The caudal plate of trilobites, crustacea, and certain insects.

pygmy /pɪɡmiː/ pygmies n
pygmée
(often, _, capitalized) A member of one of various Ancient Equatorial African tribal peoples, notable for their very short stature.

pygmy chimpanzee pygmy chimpanzees n
chimpanzé pygmée
(obsolete) Synonym of bonobo

pygmy hippopotamus pygmy hippopotami pygmy hippopotamus pygmy hippopotamuses n
hippopotame nain
A large four-toed, four-legged mammal native to western Africa (Hexaprotodon liberiensis, syn. Choeropsis liberiensis), similar to but half the height of the common hippopotamus.

pygostyle /ˈpaɪɡəstaɪl/ pygostyles n
pygostyle
The plate supporting the tail-feathers in birds, formed from fused vertebrae.

pylon /ˈpaɪ.lɒn/ pylons n
pylône
A gateway to the inner part of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
(electricity) A tower-like structure, usually one of a series, used to support high-voltage electricity cables.

pylorus pylori pyloruses n
pylore
(anatomy, biology) In vertebrates, including humans, a zone at the lower end of the stomach that leads to and opens into the duodenum.

pyocyanic adj
pyocyanique

pyorrhea pyorrheas n
pyorrhée
An inflammation of the gums in which the teeth become loose; chronic periodontitis.
A discharge of pus.

pyramid /ˈpɪɹəmɪd/ pyramids n
pyramide
An ancient massive construction with a square or rectangular base and four triangular sides meeting in an apex, such as those built as tombs in Egypt or as bases for temples in Mesoamerica.
A construction in the shape of a pyramid, usually with a square or rectangular base.
(geometry) A solid with triangular lateral faces and a polygonal (often square or rectangular) base.

pyramid scheme pyramid schemes n
vente pyramidale pyramide de Ponzi
An illicit money-making investment scheme whereby early investors are paid primarily or wholly by later investors. Eventually all such schemes fail to the detriment of recent (later) investors.

pyramidic /pɪ.ɹəˈmɪd.ɪk/ adj
pyramidal
Of or pertaining to a pyramid; having the form or imposing presence of a pyramid; pyramidal.

pyramidion pyramidia pyramidions n
pyramidion
The small pyramid which crowns or completes an obelisk or pyramid.

pyran pyrans n
pyrane

pyranic more pyranic most pyranic adj
pyranique
(organic chemistry) concerning pyran

pyranose pyranoses n
pyranose
(chemistry) any cyclic hemiacetal form of a monosaccharide having a six-membered ring (based on tetrahydropyran)

pyrargyrite pyrargyrites n
pyrargyrite
(mineral) A sulfosalt mineral used as a silver ore; it is dark red or black in color with a metallic adamantine luster, a sulfide of antimony and silver, Ag3SbS3, and occurs in rhombohedral crystals.

pyrazole pyrazoles n
pyrazole
(organic compound) A group of compounds containing that structure.

pyre /ˈpaɪɚ/ pyres n
bûcher
A funeral pile; a combustible heap on which corpses are burned.

pyretic adj
pyrétique
Caused by, pertaining to or resulting in fever.

pyrheliometer pyrheliometers n
pyrhéliomètre
A device that measures the intensity of solar radiation received on the surface of the earth.

pyridoxine /ˌpɪɹɪˈdɒksɪn/ pyridoxines n
pyridoxine
(vitamin) A derivative of pyridine, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol, found in fish, liver, cereals and yeast, and essential for the metabolism of amino acids and starch.

pyriform /ˈpɪ.ɹɪ.fɔːm/ /ˈpɪɹ.əˌfɔɹm/ more pyriform most pyriform adj
piriforme
(biology) Pear-shaped.

pyrimidine /paɪˈɹɪ.mɪˌdiːn/ /pɪˈɹɪ.mɪˌdiːn/ pyrimidines n
pyrimidine
(organic compound) A diazine in which the two nitrogen atoms are in the meta- positions; it is the basis of three of the bases found in DNA and RNA: thymine, uracil and cytosine

pyrite /ˈpaɪˌɹaɪt/ pyrites n
pyrite
(mineral) The common mineral iron disulfide (FeS2), of a pale brass-yellow color and brilliant metallic luster, crystallizing in the isometric system.

pyro- /ˈpaɪ.ɹoʊ/ /ˈpaɪ.ɹəʊ/ prefix
pyro-
fire, heat.

pyrochlore pyrochlores n
pyrochlore
(mineral) A mineral whose composition is that of a mixed niobate mostly of sodium, calcium and cerium, (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F).

pyroclastic adj
pyroclastique
(vulcanology) Mostly composed of rock fragments of volcanic origin or comminuted during an eruption.

pyroclastic flow /ˈpaɪ.ɹəʊ.klæ.stɪk fləʊ/ pyroclastic flows n
nuée ardente
(volcanology) A dense flow of volcanic ash, dust, rocks and debris that cascades at high speed down the slope of a volcano during an eruption.

pyrogenic more pyrogenic most pyrogenic adj
pyrogènique
(pathology, chemistry) generating or produced by heat, especially in the body; causing or caused by fever
(geology) of a mineral formed from magma at high temperature

pyrograph v
faire de la pyrogravure sur pyrograver
(transitive, intransitive) To make an image on wood (or other materials) by selectively burning the surface.

pyrography pyrographies n
pyrogravure
The freehanded art of decorating wood, leather or other materials with burn marks (resulting in surface burned designs) from the controlled application of a heated object or tool such as a poker.

pyrokinesis /ˌpaɪroʊkɪˈniːsɪs/ n
pyrokinésie
(parapsychology, fantasy, science fiction) The ability to set objects or people on fire or to supernaturally project fire from one's own being through the concentration of psychic power.

pyrolatry /paɪˈɹɒlətɹi/ /pɪˈɹɒlətɹi/ n
pyrolâtrie
the worship of fire

pyrolusite pyrolusites n
pyrolusite
(mineral) A dark coloured mineral, consisting of manganese dioxide (MnO2), that is an important ore of manganese.

pyrolysis /paɪˈɹɑləsɪs/ /paɪˈɹɒlɪsɪs/ /pɑɪˈɹɔlɪsɪs/ /pɪˈɹɒlɪsɪs/ pyrolyses n
pyrolyse
(chemistry, physics) The decomposition of a material or compound due to heat, in the absence of oxygen or other reagents.

pyrolytic adj
pyrolytique
(chemistry, physics) Of, relating to, or produced by pyrolysis.

pyromania /ˌpaɪɹə(ʊ)ˈmeɪnɪə/ pyromanias n
pyromanie
(psychology) A compulsive disorder characterized by obsession with fire or uncontrollable urges to start fires.

pyromaniac /ˌpaɪɹoʊˈmeɪniæk/ /ˌpaɪɹəˈmeɪniæk/ pyromaniacs n
pyromane
A person experiencing pyromania.

pyromantic adj
pyromantique
Of or relating to pyromancy.

pyrope /ˈpaɪɹəʊp/ pyropes n
pyrope
(mineral) A variety of garnet, of a poppy or blood-red color, frequently with a tinge of orange. It is used as a gemstone.

pyrophobia n
pyrophobie
An fear or hatred of fire or flames.

pyrophoric adj
pyrophorique
Spontaneously igniting in air, especially when in a finely divided state.

pyrosis pyroses n
brûlures d'estomac pyrosis
(medicine) A burning sensation in the chest due to reflux of stomach contents in the esophagus.

pyrotechnic /ˌpaɪɹoʊˈtɛknɪk/ adj
pyrotechnique
Of or relating to the use of fire in chemistry or metallurgy.

pyrotechnician pyrotechnicians n
pyrotechnicien
A person who designs or organises pyrotechnics.

pyrotechnics /ˌpaɪ.ɹə.ˈtɛk.nəks/ n
pyrotechnie
The art and technology of fireworks and related military applications.

pyrotechnist pyrotechnists n
artificier
(dated) A pyrotechnician: person skilled in the manufacture or setting off of fireworks and firework displays.

pyroxene /paɪˈɹɑk.sin/ /paɪˈɹɒk.siːn/ pyroxenes n
pyroxène
(mineral) Any of a group of crystalline minerals containing silicates of iron, magnesium and calcium.

pyroxenite pyroxenites n
pyroxénite
(geology) A heavy, dark igneous rock consisting mostly of pyroxene minerals with smaller amounts of olivine and hornblende.

pyrrhic /ˈpɪɹ.ɪk/ adj
pyrrhique
(prosody) Of or characterized by pyrrhics (metrical feet with two short syllables).

pyrrhotite /ˈpɪɹətaɪt/ pyrrhotites n
pyrrhotite

pyrrole /ˈpɪɹəʊl/ pyrroles n
pyrrole
(organic compound) Any of a class of aromatic heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of four carbon atoms and a nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C4H5N. [from 19th c.]

pythiad pythiads n
pythiade
(historical) The interval of time between the Pythian Games of Ancient Greece: either four or eight years, depending on the time period.

python /ˈpaɪθɑn/ /ˈpaɪθən/ pythons n
python
A type of large constricting snake.

pyx /pɪks/ pyxes n
custode pyxide
(Roman Catholicism, also, figurative) A small, usually round container used to hold the host, especially when bringing communion to the sick or others unable to attend Mass.

pâte brisée /pat bʁi.ze/ /pɑt bʁi.ze/ n
pâte brisée
(culinary) A form of shortcrust pastry made with butter instead of lard or shortening.

pâté /pæˈteɪ/ /ˈpæt.eɪ/ pâtés n
pâté
A finely-ground paste of meat, fish or vegetables, sometimes with the addition of alcohol.

pétanque /pəˈtæŋk/ /pəˈtɑːŋk/ /pəˈtɒŋk/ n
pétanque
A form of boules originating from the south of France.

qadi /ˈkɑːdi/ qadis n
cadi
(Islam, law) a judge who is trained in and practices Islamic law [from 16th c.]

qibla /ˈkɪblə/ [ˈqibla] qiblas n
kibla kiblat kiblet qibla
(Islam) The direction in which Muslims face while praying, currently determined as the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca.

qigong /tʃiˈɡɔŋ/ /tʃiˈɡʊŋ/ /tʃiːˈkʊŋ/ /tʃiːˈɡɒŋ/ qigongs n
qi gong chi gong chi kung qigong
(fitness, alternative medicine) A Chinese system of breathing control, physical exercise and meditation. [from 20th c.]

qilin /ˈkiː.lɪn/ /ˈtʃiː.lɪn/ qilins n
qilin
A mythical Chinese hooved chimerical creature, said to appear in conjunction with the arrival of a sage.

qipao /ˈt͡ʃiːpaʊ/ qipaos n
qipao robe chinoise
A traditional one-piece dress worn by Chinese women.

qishlaq qishlaqs n
kichlak
A rural settlement (originally for the winter period) of seminomadic Turkic peoples of Central Asia, Azerbaijan and Afghanistan.

qoph /kɒf/ qophs n
qof qoph qouf
The nineteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

qua /kweɪ/ /kwɑː/ preposition
en tant que
as; in the capacity of; acting as

quack /kwæk/ quacks n
coin-coin
The sound made by a duck.
charlatan charlatane
(pejorative) A fraudulent healer, especially a bombastic peddler in worthless treatments, a doctor who makes false diagnoses for monetary benefit, or an untrained or poorly trained doctor who uses fraudulent credentials to attract patients [from c. 1630]
(figuratively, pejorative) Any similar charlatan or incompetent professional.
toubib
(jocular, _, slang, mildly, _, pejorative) Any doctor.

quack /kwæk/ v
cancaner
To make a noise like a duck.

quackery quackeries n
charlatanisme
(countable) An instance of practicing fraudulent medicine.

quacksalver /ˈkwæksælvə/ /ˈkwæksælvɚ/ quacksalvers n
charlatan médicastre marchand d'orviétan
(archaic) One falsely claiming to possess medical or other skills, especially one who dispenses potions, ointments, etc., supposedly having curative powers; a quack. [from c. 1570]

quad bike quad bikes n
quad
A small off-road four-wheeled powered vehicle, especially of a design derived from a motorcycle, usually used for recreation or farm work.

quadcopter /ˈkwɒdkɒptə(ɹ)/ quadcopters n
quadrirotor
A rotorcraft propelled by four rotors.

quadlet quadlets n
quartet
(computing) A word consisting of four bytes.

quadralogue quadralogues n
quadrilogue

quadrangular more quadrangular most quadrangular adj
quadrangulaire
Having the shape of a quadrangle; in the shape of a quadrangle.

quadrant /ˈkwɑd.ɹənt/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹənt/ quadrants n
quadrant
One of the four sections made by dividing an area with two perpendicular lines.
(mathematics) One of the four regions of the Cartesian plane bounded by the x-axis and y-axis.
(geometry) One fourth of a circle or disc; a sector with an angle of 90°.
(nautical) A measuring device with a graduated arc of 90° used in locating an altitude.

quadratic /kwɒdˈɹætɪk/ /kwəˈdɹætɪk/ adj
quadratique
(mathematics) of a function, of the form y = ax^2 + bx + c .

quadratic equation quadratic equations n
équation du second degré
(mathematics) a polynomial equation of the second degree.

quadratic formula quadratic formulae quadratic formulas n
formule quadratique
(mathematics) The formula x = \frac {-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac}}{2a} for finding roots of the quadratic equation.

quadrature /ˈkwɑd.ɹə.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈkwɑd.ɹəˌt͡ʃʊɚ/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹə.t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹəˌtjʊə(ɹ)/ quadratures n
quadrature
(astronomy) A situation in which the directions of two celestial bodies (or a celestial body and the Sun) form a right angle from the perspective of the observer.

quadrature amplitude modulation quadrature amplitude modulations n
modulation d'amplitude en quadrature
(radio) A modulation scheme that conveys data by applying amplitude modulation to two carrier waves at once. These two waves, usually sinusoids, are out of phase with each other by 90° and are thus called quadrature carriers. Commonly abbreviated QAM.

quadravigesimal /ˌkwɒdˈɹɑvaɪd͡ʒɛsɪməl/ quadravigesimals n
quadravigésimal
(arithmetic, computing, uncountable) A number system with base twenty-24, using the digits 0–9 and A–N (or Greek α-ω without numerals).

quadric quadrics n
quadrique
(mathematics) A surface or curve whose shape is defined in terms of a quadratic equation

quadriceps /ˈkwɑːd.ɹəˌsɛps/ /ˈkwɒd.ɹɪ.sɛps/ quadriceps quadricepses n
quadriceps
(anatomy) A muscle having four heads, especially the large extensor at the front of the thigh.

quadriceps femoris quadriceps femores n
quadriceps fémoral
(anatomy) A group of four thigh muscles, including the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis muscles.

quadriga /kwɑˈdɹai.ɡə/ /kwɑˈdɹi.ɡə/ /kwɒdˈɹiː.ɡə/ /kwəˈdɹiː.ɡə/ quadrigae quadrigas n
quadrige
(historical) A team of four horses, or sometimes other animals, especially as used in chariot racing.

quadrigeminal adj
quadrijumeau
Having four parts, or two pairs.

quadrilateral /ˌkwɑd.ɹəˈlæt.ɚ.əl/ adj
quadrilatéral
Having four sides.

quadrilateral /ˌkwɑd.ɹəˈlæt.ɚ.əl/ quadrilaterals n
quadrilatère quadrangle
A polygon with four sides.

quadrilingual adj
quadrilingue
Of a text, written in four languages.
Of a person, able to speak four languages.

quadrille /kwɒdˈɹɪl/ quadrilles n
quadrille
A dance originating in the mid-1700s with four couples forming a square, rather much like the modern square dance.

quadrillion /kwɑˈdɹɪl.i.ən/ /kwɑˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdʒɹɪl.jən/ /kwɔˈdɹɘl.jɘn/ /kwɔˈdɹɪl.jən/ quadrillions n
milliard milliards million millions
(figuratively, slang, hyperbole) Any very large number, exceeding normal description.

quadrillion /kwɑˈdɹɪl.i.ən/ /kwɑˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdɹɪl.jən/ /kwɒˈdʒɹɪl.jən/ /kwɔˈdɹɘl.jɘn/ /kwɔˈdɹɪl.jən/ quadrillions numeral
billiard million de milliards
(US, modern British and Australian, short scale) A thousand trillion (logic: 1,000 × 1,0004): 1 followed by fifteen zeros, 1015.
quadrillion
(dated, UK, Australia, long scale) A million trillion (logic: 1,000,0004): 1 followed by twenty-four zeros, 1024.

quadrimester quadrimesters n
quadrimestre

quadriplegia /ˌkwɑdɹɪˈplid͡ʒə/ /ˌkwɒdɹɪˈpliːd͡ʒə/ quadriplegias n
quadriplégie tétraplégie
Paralysis of all four limbs.

quadripolar adj
quadripolaire
Having four poles

quadripole quadripoles n
quadripôle
(electronics) An electrical circuit that has two pairs of external terminals.

quadrireme quadriremes n
quadrirème
(history) a galley with four banks of oars, each rowed by two oarsmen.

quadrisyllabic adj
quadrisyllabique

quadrivium quadrivia quadriviums n
quadrivium
(education, historical) The higher division of the seven liberal arts in the Middle Ages, composed of geometry, astronomy, arithmetic, and music.

quadroon adj
quarteron
(dated, chiefly, _, historical) Of or related to quadroons.

quadruped /ˈkwɒdɹəpɛd/ quadrupeds n
quadrupède tétrapode
A four-footed or four-legged animal.

quadrupedy n
quadrupédie

quadruplane quadruplanes n
quadriplan
An airplane with four superposed main supporting surfaces (four wings one above the other)

quadruplet /kwɑˈdɹuplət/ /kwɑˈdɹuːplət/ /kwɑˈdɹʌplət/ /kwɒˈdɹʌplət/ quadruplets n
quadruplet
A sequence of four elements.
quadruplé
One of a group of four, particularly one of four babies born from the same mother during the same birth.

quadrupolar more quadrupolar most quadrupolar adj
quadrupolaire
Of or pertaining to a quadrupole

quaestor /ˈkwistɚ/ /ˈkwiːstə/ quaestors n
questeur
(historical) An Ancient Roman official responsible for public revenue and other financial affairs.

quaff /kwæf/ /kwɑf/ /kwɑːf/ /kwɒf/ /kwɔf/ v
lamper vider à longs traits
To drink or imbibe with vigour or relish; to drink copiously; to swallow in large draughts. [from mid-16th c.]

quaffle quaffles n
souafle
A ball used in the sports of Quidditch and Muggle Quidditch.

quagmire /ˈkwæɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈkwæɡ.maɪəɹ/ /ˈkwɒɡ.maɪə(ɹ)/ quagmires n
bourbier marais marécage
A swampy, soggy area of ground.
bourbier
(figuratively) A perilous, mixed up and troubled situation; a hopeless tangle.

quail /kweɪl/ /ˈkweɪ.əl/ quail quails n
caille caille des blés
Any of various small game birds of the genera Coturnix, Anurophasis or Perdicula in the Old World family Phasianidae or of the New World family Odontophoridae.

quail-dove /ˈkweɪldʌv/ quail-doves n
colombe à joues blanches
Any of several species of bird in the genera Geotrygon and Starnoenas of the pigeon family found in the Americas.

quaint /kweɪnt/ [kʰweɪ̯nt] quainter quaintest adj
remarquable
(now, _, dialectal) Strange or odd; unusual. [from 14th c.]
dissonant délicat exigeant incongru inconvenant malséant
(obsolete) Overly discriminating or needlessly meticulous; fastidious; prim. [15th–19th c.]
pittoresque vieillot
Pleasingly unusual; especially, having old-fashioned charm. [from 18th c.]

qualification /ˌkwɑlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ qualifications n
qualification
An ability or attribute that aids someone's chances of qualifying for something; specifically, completed professional training. [from 17th c.]

qualified /ˈkwɑl.ɪ.faɪd/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪd/ more qualified most qualified adj
qualifié
Meeting the standards, requirements, and training for a position.

qualify /ˈkwæl.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈkwɑl.ɪ.faɪ/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.faɪ/ v
caractériser définir qualifier
To describe or characterize something by listing its qualities.
qualifier
To make someone, or to become competent or eligible for some position or task.
To compete successfully in some stage of a competition and become eligible for the next stage.

qualitative /ˈkwɑ.ləˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɒl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/ /ˈkwɔl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/ [ˈkwɑ.ləˌteɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkwɔl.ɪ.ɾə.ɾɪv] more qualitative most qualitative adj
qualitatif
Of descriptions or distinctions based on some quality rather than on some quantity.
(chemistry) Of a form of analysis that yields the identity of a compound.

qualitatively more qualitatively most qualitatively adv
qualitativement
In a qualitative manner.

quality /ˈkwælɪti/ /ˈkwælɪtɪ/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ˈkwɔl.ə.ti/ [ˈkwɔɫ.ə.ti] [ˈkʰwɑ.lə.ɾi] more quality most quality adj
qualité
Being of good worth, well made, fit for purpose; of high quality.

quality /ˈkwælɪti/ /ˈkwælɪtɪ/ /ˈkwɑləti/ /ˈkwɒlɪti/ /ˈkwɔl.ə.ti/ [ˈkwɔɫ.ə.ti] [ˈkʰwɑ.lə.ɾi] qualities n
qualité
(uncountable) Level of excellence.
(countable) Something that differentiates a thing or person.
(uncountable) The degree to which a man-made object or system is free from bugs and flaws, as opposed to scope of functions or quantity of items.

quality circle quality circles n
cercle de qualité
a group of employees which meets regularly to resolve problems and improve working methods; part of the kaizen system

quality control quality controls n
contrôle qualité
A control, such as inspection or testing, introduced into an industrial or business process to ensure quality.

quality of life qualities of life n
qualité de vie
The general well-being of something or someone.

qualm /kwæm/ /kwɑlm/ /kwɑm/ /kwɑːm/ /kwɔm/ /kwɔːm/ qualms n
scrupule
(now, negative polarity) A prick of the conscience; a moral scruple, a pang of guilt. [from 17th c.]

quandary /kwɒnˈdɛə.ɹɪ/ /ˈkwɑn.də.ɹi/ /ˈkwɑn.dɹi/ /ˈkwɒn.də.ɹi/ /ˈkwɒn.dɹi/ /ˈkwɔn-/ /ˈkwɔn.də.ɹi/ /ˈkwɔn.dɹi/ quandaries n
embarras incertitude perplexité
A state of not knowing what to decide; a state of difficulty or perplexity; a state of uncertainty, hesitation or puzzlement.
dilemme
A dilemma, a difficult decision or choice.

quango /kwæŋ.ɡəʊ/ quangos n
autorité administrative indépendante
(UK, Ireland, government) An organization that, although financed by a government, acts independently of it.

quantifiable /ˈkwɑn.təˌfaɪ.ə.blə/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪˌfaɪ.ə.blə/ /ˈkwɔn.tɪˌfɑɪ.ə.blə/ [ˈkwɑn.ɾəˌfaɪ.ə.blə] more quantifiable most quantifiable adj
quantifiable
Capable of being quantified.

quantifier /ˈkwɑn.tə.faɪ.ɚ/ quantifiers n
quantificateur
(grammar) A word, such as all or many, that expresses the quantity of a related noun.
(logic) An operator, such as the universal quantifier (written as ∀) or the existential quantifier (∃), used in predicate calculus to indicate the degree that predicate is true for a specified set.

quantify /ˈkwɑn.təˌfaɪ/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪˌfaɪ/ /ˈkwɔn.tɪˌfɑɪ/ [ˈkwɑn.ɾəˌfaɪ] v
quantifier
(logic) To relate a statement (called a predicate) to a given set using a quantifier—either for all (denoted ∀) or there exists (denoted ∃).

quantile /ˈkwɒn.taɪl/ quantiles n
quantile
(statistics) One of the class of values of a variate which divides the members of a batch or sample into equal-sized subgroups of adjacent values or a probability distribution into distributions of equal probability.

quantitative /ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɑn.tɪˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɑn.əˌteɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkwɒntətɪv/ /ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/ [ˈkwɑn.təˌteɪ.ɾɪv] [ˈkwɑn.əˌteɪ.ɾɪv] more quantitative most quantitative adj
quantitatif
Of a measurement based on some quantity or number rather than on some quality
(chemistry) Of a form of analysis that determines the amount of some element or compound in a sample

quantitative easing quantitative easings n
assouplissement quantitatif
(economics) A monetary policy in which the central bank increases the money supply in the banking system, as by purchasing bonds from banks.

quantitative metathesis quantitative metatheses n
métathèse de quantité

quantitatively more quantitatively most quantitatively adv
quantitativement
In a quantitative manner.
With respect to quantity rather than quality.

quantity /ˈkwæn.tɪ.ti/ /ˈkwæn.tɪ.tɪ/ /ˈkwɑn(t)ɪti/ /ˈkwɑndədi/ /ˈkwɑnɾəɾi/ /ˈkwɒn.tɪ.ti/ [ˈkʰwɑn(tʰ)ɨtʰi] [ˈkʰwɑn(ɾ)ɨɾi] quantities n
quantité
A fundamental, generic term used when referring to the measurement (count, amount) of a scalar, vector, number of items or to some other way of denominating the value of a collection or group of items.
A specific measured amount.
A considerable measure or amount.

quantity of motion quantities of motion n
quantité de mouvement

quantity surveyor quantity surveyors n
métreur

quantization quantizations n
quantisation
quantification
(uncountable, signal processing) The process of approximating a continuous signal by a set of discrete symbols or integer values
(countable, physics) A procedure for constructing a quantum field theory starting from a classical field theory; to represent by quanta

quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ /ˈkwɒntəm/ [ˈkwɑɾ̃əm] [ˈkʰwɑn.tʰəm] adj
quantique
(physics) Involving quanta, quantum mechanics or other aspects of quantum physics.

quantum /ˈkwɑntəm/ /ˈkwɒntəm/ [ˈkwɑɾ̃əm] [ˈkʰwɑn.tʰəm] quanta quantums n
quantum quantité
(physics) The smallest possible, and therefore indivisible, unit of a given quantity or quantifiable phenomenon. [from 20th c.]

quantum chromodynamics n
chromodynamique quantique
(quantum mechanics) A quantum field theory in particle physics which describes the strong interaction of quarks and gluons employing the concept of color charge.

quantum computer quantum computers n
calculateur quantique ordinateur quantique
(quantum computing) A computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena to transcend classical time complexity limitations.

quantum dot quantum dots n
point quantique
(nanotechnology) A fluorescent nanoparticle of semiconducting material.

quantum entanglement quantum entanglements n
intrication quantique enchevêtrement quantique
(quantum mechanics) A quantum mechanical phenomenon in which the quantum states of two or more objects have to be described with reference to each other, even though the individual objects are spatially separated.

quantum field theory quantum field theories n
théorie quantique des champs
(quantum mechanics) A theory of quantum fields; the result of applying second quantization to Classical Relativistic Field Theory.

quantum leap /ˈkwɒntəm liːp/ quantum leaps n
saut quantique
(quantum mechanics) The discontinuous change of the state of an electron in an atom or molecule from one energy level to another.

quantum logic quantum logics n
logique quantique
(logic, quantum mechanics) A form of non-classical logic which has been abstracted out of quantum mechanics.

quantum mechanics n
mécanique quantique physique quantique
(physics) The branch of physics which studies matter and energy at the level of atoms and other elementary particles, and substitutes probabilistic mechanisms in place of classical Newtonian ones.

quantum number quantum numbers n
nombre quantique
(quantum mechanics) One of certain integers or half-integers that specify the state of a quantum mechanical system (such as an electron in an atom).

quantum physics n
physique quantique
(physics) quantum mechanics

quantum state quantum states n
état quantique

quantum teleportation quantum teleportations n
téléportation quantique
(quantum mechanics) the instantaneous transference of a quantum state to a distant location using quantum entanglement and the transmission of classical information

quantum theory quantum theories n
théorie des quanta
(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.

quarantine /ˈkwɑɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkwɒrn̩tiːn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.taɪn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.tiːn/ /ˈkwɔɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkɔɹ.ən.tin/ quarantines n
quarantaine
(historical) The 40-day period of isolation required after 1448 at Venice's lazaret to avoid renewed outbreaks of the bubonic plague and identical policies in other locations.
(historical) A 40-day period formerly imposed by the French king upon warring nobles during which they were forbidden from exacting revenge or continuing to fight.
A period, instance, or state of isolation from the general public or from native livestock and flora enacted to prevent the spread of any contagious disease.
(figurative) A similar period, instance, or state of rigidly enforced or self-enforced detention or isolation.
A place where such isolation is enforced, a lazaret.
(politics, figurative) A blockade of trade, suspension of diplomatic relations, or other action whereby one country seeks to isolate another.

quarantine /ˈkwɑɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkwɒrn̩tiːn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.taɪn/ /ˈkwɒɹ.ən.tiːn/ /ˈkwɔɹ.ən.tin/ /ˈkɔɹ.ən.tin/ v
mettre en quarantaine
(transitive) To place into isolation to prevent the spread of any contagious disease.

quarantine flag quarantine flags n
drapeau jaune
(nautical) A black and yellow flag (signal flag LIMA) formerly hoisted by a ship to show that it has contagious or infectious disease aboard, or by a ship that has been quarantined. This use was listed in Brown’s 1916 code of signals, but this use is no longer listed in contemporary editions of the International Code of Signals.

quark /kwɑɹk/ /kwɑːk/ /kwɔɹk/ /kwɔːk/ n
quark
(particle) In the Standard Model, an elementary subatomic particle that forms matter. They combine to form hadrons, such as protons and neutrons.
quark fromage blanc caillé faisselle maquée
A soft creamy cheese, eaten throughout northern, central, eastern, and southeastern Europe as well as the Low Countries, very similar to cottage cheese except that it is usually not made with rennet.

quarkonium quarkonia quarkoniums n
quarkonium
(particle) A flavorless meson whose constituents are a quark and its own antiquark.

quarrel /ˈkwɑɹəl/ /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/ /ˈkwɔɹəl/ quarrels n
dispute querelle
(countable) A dispute or heated argument (especially one that is verbal).
carreau
(countable, archery, historical) An arrow or bolt for a crossbow or an arbalest, traditionally with the head square in its cross section.

quarrel /ˈkwɑɹəl/ /ˈkwɒɹ(ə)l/ /ˈkwɔɹəl/ v
se disputer se quereller
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To argue fiercely; to contend; to squabble; to cease to be on friendly terms, to fall out.

quarrelsome /ˈkwɑɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɒɹəlsəm/ /ˈkwɔɹəlsəm/ more quarrelsome most quarrelsome adj
querelleur querelleux
Argumentative; fond of or prone to quarreling.

quarry /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.i/ /ˈkwɒɹ.i/ quarries n
carrière
(mining) A site for mining stone, limestone, or slate.
proie
(uncountable) An animal, often a bird or mammal, which is hunted.

quart /kwɔɹt/ /kwɔːt/ /kɔɹt/ quarts n
pinte
A unit of liquid capacity equal to two pints; one-fourth (quarter) of a gallon. Equivalent to 1.136 liters in the UK and 0.946 liter (liquid quart) or 1.101 liters (dry quart) in the U.S.

quarter /ˈk(w)oː.tɘ/ /ˈk(w)ɔɹ.tɚ/ /ˈk(w)ɔːtə/ quarters n
pièce de [[vingt-cinq]] cents quarter
(North America) A quarter-dollar, divided into 25 cents; the coin of that value minted in the United States or Canada. [from 18th c.]
trimestre
(now, historical) A fourth part of the night; one of the watches or divisions of the night. [from 14th c.]
trimestre quart quartier
(historical) A measure of length; originally a fourth part of an ell, now chiefly a fourth part of a yard. [from 14th c.]
quartier
A division or section of a town or city, especially having a particular character of its own, or associated with a particular group etc. [from 16th c.]
(farriery) The part on either side of a horse's hoof between the toe and heel, the side of its coffin. [from 16th c.]

quarter farthing quarter farthings n
quart de farthing
(historical, _, numismatics) A British coin, produced for circulation in Ceylon 1839–1853, which, at a face value of ⅟₁₆d. (£⅟₃₈₄₀), is the lowest denomination of coin ever minted for the United Kingdom.

quarter glass quarter glasses n
custode
(vehicles) The small triangular-shaped side window on some vehicles, originally used as a vent.

quarter of an hour quarters of an hour n
quart d'heure
(time) fifteen minutes.

quarter-century quarter-centuries n
quart de siècle
A period of twenty-five years.

quarterback quarterbacks n
quart-arrière quarterback
(American football, Canadian football) An offensive back whose primary job is to pass the ball in a play.

quarterdeck quarterdecks n
demi-dunette
(nautical) The aft part of the upper deck of a ship; normally reserved for officers

quarterfinal quarterfinals n
quart de finale
(sports) One of the four competitions in a knockout tournament whose winners go on to play in the two semifinals.

quarterfinalist quarterfinalists n
quart-de-finaliste
a person or team that takes part in a quarterfinal

quartering quarterings n
écartèlement
The method of capital punishment where a criminal is cut into four pieces.

quarterly adj
trimestriel
Occurring once every quarter year (three months).
écartelé
(heraldry) (of a coat of arms) Divided into four parts crosswise.

quarterly adv
trimestriellement
Once every quarter year (three months).

quartermaster /ˈk(w)ɔɹtɚˌmæstɚ/ /ˈkwɔːtɚˌmɑːstə/ quartermasters n
quartier-maître
(military rank) An officer whose duty is to provide quarters, provisions, storage, clothing, fuel, stationery, and transportation for a regiment or other body of troops, and superintend the supplies. Master of quartering.

quartet /kwɔː(ɹ)ˈtɛt/ quartets n
quartette quatuor
(music) A group of four musicians who perform classical music together.
quatuor quadrille
(music) A group of four singers, usually males, who sings together in four-part harmony.

quartile /ˈkwɔː(ɹ)taɪl/ quartiles n
quartile
(statistics) Any of the three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population.
(statistics) Any one of the four groups so divided.

quartz /k(w)ɔɹts/ /k(w)ɔːts/ quartzes n
quartz cristal de roche
(mineral) The most abundant mineral on the earth's surface, of chemical composition silicon dioxide, SiO2. It occurs in a variety of forms, both crystalline and amorphous. Found in every environment.

quartzite /ˈk(w)ɔɹtˌsaɪt/ /ˈk(w)ɔːtˌsaɪt/ quartzites n
quartzite
(mineral) A metamorphic rock from sandstone, consisting of interlocking grains of quartz.

quasar /ˈkweɪ.zɑɹ/ /ˈkweɪ.zɑː/ quasars n
quasar
(galaxy) An extragalactic object, starlike in appearance, that is among the most luminous and (putatively) the most distant objects in the universe.

quash /kwɑʃ/ /kwɒʃ/ /kwɔʃ/ v
annuler supprimer
(legal) To void or suppress (a subpoena, decision, etc.).

quasiparticle quasiparticles n
quasiparticule quasi-particule
(particle) Any entity that has some characteristics of a distinct particle, but comprises a grouping of multiple particles

quaternary /kwəˈtɜː.nə.ɹi/ /ˈkwɑ.tɚˌnɛə.ɹi/ /ˈkwɑ.tɚˌnɛɹ.i/ /ˈkwɔːt.ən.(ə.)ɹi/ adj
quaternaire d'ordre quatre
Of fourth rank or order.
d'ordre quatre
Of a mathematical expression containing e.g. x4.

quaternion /-ən/ /kwɑˈtɜɹniɑn/ /kwə-/ /kwəˈtɜːni.ən/ quaternions n
quaternion
(mathematics) A type of four-dimensional hypercomplex number consisting of a real part and three imaginary parts (real multiples of distinct, independent square roots of −1 denoted by i, j and k); commonly used in vector mathematics and as an alternative to matrix algebra in calculating the rotation of three-dimensional objects.

quatrain /ˈkwɒt.ɹeɪn/ quatrains n
quatrain
A stanza of four lines.

quatrayle quatrayles n
quadrisaïeul arrière-arrière-arrière-grand-père
(rare) A great-great-great-grandfather; the grandfather of the grandfather of one's father.

quatrefoil /kætə(ɹ)ˌfɔɪl/ /kætɹəˌfɔɪl/ quatrefoils n
quatrefeuille
(architecture) A symmetrical shape that forms the overall outline of four partially-overlapping circles of the same diameter.

quattuortrigintillion numeral
septendecilliard
(rare; US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 10105.

quattuorvigintillion numeral
duodécilliard
(rare; US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1075.
(rare; dated British & Australian, long scale) 10144.

quaver /ˈkweɪvə(ɹ)/ quavers n
croche
(music) an eighth note, drawn as a crotchet (quarter note) with a tail.

quay /keɪ/ /kiː/ /kweɪ/ quays n
quai
(nautical) A stone or concrete structure on navigable water used for loading and unloading vessels; a wharf.

qubit /ˈkjubɪt/ /ˈkjuːbɪt/ qubits n
qubit
(quantum computing) A quantum bit; the basic unit of quantum information described by a superposition of two states; a quantum bit in a quantum computer capable of being in a state of superposition.

queasy /ˈkwiː.zi/ queasier queasiest adj
nauséeux
Experiencing or causing nausea or uneasiness, often characterized by an unsettled stomach.

quecto- /ˈkwɛk.toʊ/ prefix
quecto-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 10−30 (short scale nonillionth or long scale quintillionth). Symbol: q

queef /kwiːf/ queefs n
pet vaginal
(vulgar, slang) An emission of air from the vagina, especially when audible; vaginal flatulence.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] queens n
reine dame
A female monarch.
A playing card with a depiction of a queen on it, generally ranking next below the king and above the jack in a given suit.
Worker bees around the queen (sense 6) of the hive, marked with a pink dot A reproductive female insect in a hive, such as an ant, bee, termite or wasp.
dame reine
A chess piece that, under contemporary rules, is the most powerful, able to move any number of spaces horizontally, vertically, or diagonally.
folle
(slang, sometimes, derogatory) A homosexual man, especially one regarded as effeminate.
chatte
An adult female cat capable of breeding.

queen /kwiːn/ [kʰw̥iːn] v
dame promouvoir
(chess) To promote a pawn to a queen.

queen bee queen bees n
reine reine des abeilles
A reproductive female (especially the only one) in a colony of bees.

queen mother queen mothers n
reine mère
A widowed queen consort (a queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch.

queen of beasts n
reine des animaux
(idiomatic) The lioness.

queen of diamonds queens of diamonds n
dame de carreau
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

queen of hearts queens of hearts n
dame de cœur
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

queen of spades /kwiːn.əv.speɪdz/ queens of spades n
dame de piques
(card games) One of the 52 playing cards in a standard deck.

queen scallop queen scallops n
pétoncle blanc

queer /kwɪə/ /kwɪɹ/ queerer queerest adj
bizarre étrange
(dated, outside, Ireland, Scotland, and, England) Weird, odd, or different; whimsical. [from 16th c.]
mal fichu
(Britain, informal, dated) Slightly unwell (mainly in "to feel queer"). [from 18th c.]
pédé gay
(colloquial, sometimes, pejorative) Non-heterosexual or non-cisgender: homosexual, bisexual, asexual, transgender, etc.

queer /kwɪə/ /kwɪɹ/ more queer most queer adv
diablement trop
(Ireland) Very, extremely.

queer /kwɪə/ /kwɪɹ/ v
obstruer saboter

queerity queerities n
queerité

queerness queernesses n
queerité queerness
(uncountable) The quality of being queer, in the sense of not conforming to sexual or gender norms.

queerphobia n
queerphobie
(uncommon) Fear or hatred of queer people. (Compare homophobia.)

queerphobic more queerphobic most queerphobic adj
queerphobe

quefrency /ˈkwifɹənsi/ /ˈkwiːfɹənsi/ quefrencies n
quéfrence
(signal processing) The inverse of the distance between successive lines in a Fourier transform, measured in seconds.

quell /kwɛl/ quells n
réprimer
A subduing.

quench /kwɛnt͡ʃ/ v
étancher désaltérer apaiser rassasier
(transitive) To satisfy, especially a literal or figurative thirst.
éteindre
(transitive) To extinguish or put out (as a fire or light).
tremper
(transitive, metallurgy) To cool rapidly by direct contact with liquid coolant, as a blacksmith quenching hot iron.

quenelle /kəˈnɛl/ quenelles n
quenelle
(culinary) A light dumpling made of lightly spiced minced meat or fish bound with egg and poached.

quern /kwɜːn/ /kwɝn/ querns n
moulin à bras
A mill for grinding corn, especially a handmill made of two circular stones.

query /ˈkwɛ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪ.ɹi/ /ˈkwɪə.ɹi/ queries n
question
A question, an inquiry (US), an enquiry (UK).
requête
(computing, databases) A set of instructions passed to a database.

query language query languages n
langage de requête
(databases, programming) Any of several generalized computer languages in which users may extract data from selected records in a database

quesadilla /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdi(j)ə/ /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdiː(l)jə/ /ˌkeɪ̯səˈdiːə/ [ˌkʰeɪ̯səˈdi(j)ə] [ˌkʰeɪ̯səˈdiːl(j)ə] quesadillas n
quesadilla
A Mexican dish made by filling a tortilla with cheese and sometimes other ingredients and then cooking it until the cheese is melted.

quest /kwɛst/ quests n
quête
A journey or effort in pursuit of a goal (often lengthy, ambitious, or fervent); a mission.
recherche
(obsolete) A group of people making search or inquiry.

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ questions n
question interrogation
A sentence, phrase or word which asks for information, reply or response; an interrogative.
question
A subject or topic for consideration or investigation.
(now, archaic, historical, chiefly, with definite article) Interrogation by torture.
doute question
A doubt or challenge about the truth, accuracy, or validity of a matter.
motion question
A proposal to a meeting as a topic for deliberation.

question /ˈkwɛ.ʃən/ /ˈkwɛstjən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛst͡ʃɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃ(t͡ʃ)ɛn/ /ˈkwɛʃtən/ /ˈkwɛʃt͡ʃən/ /ˈkwɛʔ.ʃən/ v
interroger questionner
(transitive) To ask questions of; to interrogate; to ask for information.
mettre en question douter mettre en doute remettre en question
(transitive) To raise doubts about; have doubts about.

question mark /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑɹk/ /ˈkwɛstʃ(ə)n ˌmɑːk/ /ˈkwɛʃ-/ question marks n
point d'interrogation
(typography) The punctuation mark "?", used at the end of a sentence to indicate a question.
point d'interrogation polygone à queue violacée
Polygonia interrogationis, a North American nymphalid butterfly with a silver mark on the underside of its hindwing resembling a question mark (sense 1).

question the question v
mettre en doute la question mettre en question la question remettre en cause la question remettre en question la question
To ask that a proposed question's presuppositions be explicitly justified, especially as a preliminary to answering it, for example a complex question or loaded question.

questionable /ˈkwɛst͡ʃənəbl̩/ more questionable most questionable adj
discutable
Problematic; open to doubt or challenge.
douteux
Of dubious respectability or morality.

questionnaire /ˌk(w)ɛstjəˈnɛə/ /ˌk(w)ɛstʃəˈnɛə/ /ˌkwɛs.t͡ʃəˈnɛɹ/ questionnaires n
questionnaire enquête
A form containing a list of questions; a means of gathering information for a survey

quetzal /kɛtˈsɑl/ /ˈkɛt.səl/ quetzales quetzals n
quetzal couroucou royal
Any trogon of the genus Pharomacrus, especially the resplendent quetzal, Pharomacrus mocinno, which has very long tail feathers and is found in Guatemala and Costa Rica.
quetzal
A monetary unit used in Guatemala, equal to 100 centavos.

queue /kju/ /kjuː/ queues n
file queue
A waiting list or other means of organizing people or objects into a first-come-first-served order.
file
(computing) A data structure in which objects are added to one end, called the tail, and removed from the other, called the head (in the case of a FIFO queue). The term can also refer to a LIFO queue or stack where these ends coincide. [from 20th c.]
queue
(heraldry) An animal's tail. [from 16th c.]
natte
(now, _, historical) A men's hairstyle with a braid or ponytail at the back of the head, such as that worn by men in Imperial China. [from 18th c.]

queue /kju/ /kjuː/ v
faire la queue se mettre en ligne
(intransitive) To put oneself or itself at the end of a waiting line.
faire la queue
(intransitive) To arrange themselves into a physical waiting queue.

queue-jumper queue-jumpers n
resquilleur
One who jumps the queue.

quibble /ˈkwɪbəl/ quibbles n
argutie
An objection or argument based on an ambiguity of wording or similar trivial circumstance; a minor complaint. [from 17th c.]

quibble /ˈkwɪbəl/ v
chicaner chinoiser chipoter ergoter pinailler
(informal, intransitive) To complain or argue in a trivial or petty manner.

quiche /kiːʃ/ quiches n
quiche
A pie made primarily of egg and cream, perhaps mixed with chopped meat or vegetables, in a pastry crust.

quick /kwɪk/ [kʰw̥ɪk] more quick most quick quicker quickest adj
rapide
Moving with speed, rapidity or swiftness, or capable of doing so; rapid; fast.
animé vivant
(archaic) Alive, living.

quick buck n
argent facile
(idiomatic, informal) A large sum of money earned easily and quickly.

quick-and-dirty more quick-and-dirty most quick-and-dirty adj
quick-and-dirty
(idiomatic) Done or constructed in a hasty, approximate, temporarily adequate manner, but not exact, fully formed, or reliable for a long period of time.

quickdraw quickdraws n
dégaine
(climbing) A set of two carabiners connected by a strap.

quickie /ˈkwɪki/ quickies n
petite vite
(colloquial, by extension) A brief sexual encounter.

quicklime quicklimes n
chaux vive
Calcium oxide, which is produced by heating (calcining) limestone and gives slaked lime on treatment with water.

quickly /ˈkwɪkli/ more quickly most quickly quicklier quickliest adv
vite rapidement
Rapidly; with speed; fast.

quickness /ˈkwɪknəs/ quicknesses n
rapidité
rapidity of movement or activity; agility or dexterity

quicksand quicksands n
sables mouvants sable mouvant
Wet sand that appears firm but in which things readily sink, often found near rivers or coasts.

quicksilver /ˈkwɪkˌsɪlvɚ/ n
vif-argent
The metal mercury.

quid pro quo /ˌkwɪd.pɹoʊˈkwoʊ/ /ˌkwɪd.pɹəʊˈkwəʊ/ quae pro quibus quid pro quibus quid pro quos n
quiproquo
Something which is understood as something else; an equivocation.
contrepartie donnant-donnant
Something which is offered or asked for in exchange for something else.

quiddity /ˈkwɪdɪti/ quiddities n
essence quiddité
(philosophy) The essence or inherent nature of a person or thing.
bagatelle broutille
(legal) A trifle; a nicety or quibble.
excentricité
An eccentricity; an odd feature.

quiescent /kwaɪˈɛsənt/ /kwɪˈɛsənt/ [kwaɪ̯ˈɛsn̩t] [kwiˈɛsn̩t] more quiescent most quiescent adj
quiescent calme tranquille
Inactive, quiet, at rest.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ more quiet most quiet quieter quietest adj
calme silencieux
With little or no sound; free of disturbing noise.
tranquille calme paisible
Having little motion or activity; calm.
calme
Not busy, of low quantity.
silencieux discret
Not talking much or not talking loudly; reserved.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ quiets n
silence
The absence of sound; quietness.
calme silence
The absence of movement; stillness, tranquility.

quiet /ˈkwaɪ.ət/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt/ v
apaiser calmer taire tranquilliser
(transitive) To cause (someone or something) to become quiet.
(intransitive) To become quiet or calm.

quiet down v
taire
(transitive, US) To make someone or something become quieter.

quieten /ˈkwaɪ.ə.tən/ v
apaiser
(transitive) To make quiet.
se calmer
(intransitive) To become quiet.

quietism quietisms n
quiétisme
A form of mysticism involving quiet contemplation.

quietist /ˈkwʌɪətɪst/ quietists n
quiétiste
A mystic who follows quietism.

quietly /ˈkwaɪ.ət.li/ /ˈkwaɪ.ɪt.li/ more quietly most quietly adv
tranquillement paisablement quiètement
In a quiet manner.

quill /kwɪl/ [kʰw̥ɪl] quills n
plume
A pen made from a feather.
Something having the form of a quill, such as the fold or plain of a ruff, or (weaving) a spindle, or spool, upon which the thread for the woof is wound in a shuttle.
piquant épine
A sharply pointed, barbed, and easily detached needle-like structure that grows on the skin of a porcupine or hedgehog as a defense against predators. [from early 17th c.]

quillwort quillworts n
isoète
Any of various simple microphyllous vascular plants, of the family Isoetaceae, that resemble rushes and produce spores.

quilt /kwɪlt/ [kʰw̥ɪlt] quilts n
couette édredon courtepointe
A bed covering consisting of two layers of fabric stitched together, with insulation between, often having a decorative design.

quilt /kwɪlt/ [kʰw̥ɪlt] v
matelasser ouater
To construct a quilt.

quilted more quilted most quilted adj
matelassé rembourré
Having the characteristics of a quilt; specifically, having two layers of cloth sewn together, with a layer of padding between them.

quince /kwɪns/ quinces n
coing cognassier
(countable) The deciduous tree bearing such fruit, native to Asia.

quince cheese quince cheeses n
cotignac pâte de coing
A sweet, thick jelly made from the pulp of the quince.

quinceañera /ˌkɪnseɪ.ənˈjɛɹə/ /ˌkɪnsənˈjɛɹə/ quinceañeras n
fête des quinze ans quinceañera
(chiefly, US) The fifteenth birthday and particularly the celebration and ceremony surrounding it for a young Latina woman.

quincunx /ˈkwɪnkʌŋks/ /ˈkwɪŋkʌŋks/ quincunces quincunxes n
quinconce
An arrangement of five units with four forming the corners of a square and the fifth at the centre of the square, a pattern corresponding to the five-spot on dice, playing cards, or dominoes.

quinidine /ˈkwɪn.ɪ.diːn/ quinidines n
quinidine
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A compound obtained from cinchona bark and used to treat irregularities of heart rhythm. It is an isomer of quinine.

quinine /kwɪˈniːn/ /ˈkwaɪ.naɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.aɪn/ /ˈkwɪn.iːn/ quinines n
quinine
(pharmaceutical drug) An alkaloid with the chemical formula C₂₀H₂₄N₂O₂ originally derived from cinchona bark (from plants of the genus Cinchona) used to treat malaria and as an ingredient of tonic water, which presents as a bitter colourless powder; also, a drug containing quinine or a chemical compound derived from it. [from early 19th c.]

quinoa /kiˈnoʊ.ə/ /kiːˈnəʊ.ə/ /ˈkinˌwɑ/ /ˈkiːn.wɑː/ quinoas n
quinoa
A goosefoot (Chenopodium quinoa) native to the Andes and cultivated for its edible seeds.

quinolone /ˈkwɪnələʊn/ /ˈkwɪnəˌloʊn/ quinolones n
quinolone

quinquagenarian /ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒəˈnɛɹiən/ /ˌkwɪŋkwəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/ adj
quinquagénaire

quinquennial /kwɪŋˈkwɛ.ni.əl/ adj
quinquennal
Of or related to a five-year period.

quinquennium /kwɪnˈkwɛnɪəm/ /kwɪŋˈkwɛniəm/ /kwɪŋˈkwɛnɪəm/ quinquennia quinquenniums n
lustre quinquennat
A period of five years.

quintain /ˈkwɪntɪn/ quintains n
quintaine

quintal /ˈkwɪnl/ /ˈkwɪntl/ /ˈkwɪntəl/ quintals n
quintal
(historical) Synonym of hundredweight, 100 or 112 English or American pounds.

quintessence /kwɪn.ˈtɛs.əns/ /kwɪn.ˈtɛs.ɪns/ quintessences n
quintessence
A thing that is the most perfect example of its type; the most perfect embodiment of something; epitome, prototype.

quintessential /ˌkwɪntɪˈsɛnʃəl/ more quintessential most quintessential adj
quintessentiel
Of the nature of a quintessence (in all senses); being or relating to the ultimate essence of something.

quintet /kwɪnˈtɛt/ quintets n
quintette
(music) A composition (a type of chamber music) in five parts (typically each a singer or instrumentalist, sometimes several musicians)
(music) A group of five musicians, fit to play such a piece of music together
Any group of five members

quintillion /kwɪnˈtɪljən/ quintillions n
milliard milliards million millions
(figuratively, slang, hyperbole) Any very large number, exceeding normal description.

quintillion /kwɪnˈtɪljən/ quintillions numeral
trillion milliard de milliards
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) A billion billion: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.
quintillion
(dated, British, Australia, long scale) A million quadrillion: 1 followed by 30 zeros, 1030.

quintuple /-ˈtjuː-/ /-ˈtu-/ /kwɪnˈtʃuːpəl/ /kwɪnˈtʌpəl/ quintuples n
quintuple
a fivefold amount

quintuple /-ˈtjuː-/ /-ˈtu-/ /kwɪnˈtʃuːpəl/ /kwɪnˈtʌpəl/ v
quintupler
(transitive) To multiply by five.

quintuplet /kwɪnˈtjuːplət/ /kwɪnˈtuplət/ /kwɪnˈtʌplət/ quintuplets n
quintuplé
One of a group of five, particularly babies born from the same mother during the same birth.

quinvigintillion numeral
trédécillion
(rare; US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1078.

quinzhee quinzhees n
quinzy

quip /kwɪp/ [kʰw̥ɪp] quips n
pique
A smart, sarcastic turn or jest; a taunt; a severe retort or comeback; a gibe.

quip /kwɪp/ [kʰw̥ɪp] v
blaguer plaisanter
(intransitive) To make a quip.

quire /ˈkwaɪ.ə(ɹ)/ quires n
cahier
One-twentieth of a ream of paper; a collection of twenty-four or twenty-five sheets of paper of the same size and quality, unfolded or having a single fold.
(bookbinding) A set of leaves which are stitched together, originally a set of four pieces of paper (eight leaves, sixteen pages). This is most often a single signature (i.e. group of four), but may be several nested signatures.

quirk /kwɜːk/ /kwɝk/ quirks n
bizarrerie excentricité maniérisme
An idiosyncrasy; a slight glitch, mannerism; something unusual about the manner or style of something or someone.

quirky /ˈkwɜːki/ quirkier quirkiest adj
cocasse excentrique original
Given to quirks or idiosyncrasies; strange in a somewhat silly, awkward manner, potentially cute.

quisling /ˈkwɪz.lɪŋ/ quislings n
collabo quisling
(pejorative) A traitor who collaborates with the enemy. [from 1940]

quit /kwɪt/ [kʰw̥ɪt] v
arrêter abandonner quitter démissionner
(transitive) To set at rest; to free, as from anything harmful or oppressive; to relieve; to clear; to liberate.

quite /kwaɪt/ adv
complètement tout à fait
To the greatest extent or degree; completely, entirely.
vraiment
In a fully justified sense; truly, perfectly, actually.
assez
To a moderate extent or degree; somewhat, rather. [from 19th c.]

quite a bit /ˌkwaɪt ə ˈbɪt/ /ˌkwɑɪt ə ˈbɪt/ [ˌkwɑɪ.ɾə ˈbɪt] adv
considérablement
(idiomatic) considerably

quite a few determiner
bon nombre de nombre de pas mal
An indefinite and somewhat large number; more than a few; a fair number of.

quite a few n
pas mal un bon nombre
An indefinite and somewhat large number.

quits /kwɪts/ adj
quitte
(colloquial, British) On equal monetary terms; neither owing or being owed.

quiver /ˈkwɪvə/ /ˈkwɪvɚ/ quivers n
carquois frisson tremblement frémissement
(weaponry) A container for arrows, crossbow bolts or darts, such as those fired from a bow, crossbow or blowgun.

quiver /ˈkwɪvə/ /ˈkwɪvɚ/ v
frémir
(intransitive) To shake or move with slight and tremulous motion.

quixotic /kiˈɑtɪk/ /kiːˈzɑtɪk/ /kwɪkˈsɑtɪk/ /kwɪkˈsɒtɪk/ /kwɪɡˈzɑtɪk/ more quixotic most quixotic adj
quichottesque
Resembling or characteristic of the Spanish chivalric hero Don Quixote; possessed with or resulting from the desire to do noble and romantic deeds, without thought of realism and practicality; exceedingly idealistic.

quixotism /ˈkwɪksəˌtɪzm/ quixotisms n
donquichottisme don-quichottisme donquichotterie
A form of idealism and delusion which leads to extravagant and absurd undertakings or sacrifices in obedience to a morbidly romantic ideal of duty or honor, as illustrated by the exploits of Don Quixote in knight-errantry.

quixotry /ˈkwɪksətɹi/ quixotries n
donquichottisme don-quichottisme donquichotterie
A wild, visionary idea, an eccentric notion or act; a quixotism.

quiz /kwɪz/ [kʰw̥ɪz] quizzes n
quiz
A competition in the answering of questions.

qulliq qulliqs n
qulliq
A kudlik, a lamp used by the Inuit, consisting of a cup of soapstone filled with oil (commonly from blubber) with cottongrass or moss used as a wick.

quod erat demonstrandum quae erant demonstranda phraseologicalUnit
ce qu’il fallait démontrer

quokka /ˈkwɒkə/ quokkas n
quokka
A cat-sized marsupial, Setonix brachyurus, of southwestern Australia.

quoll /ˈkwoʊl/ /ˈkwɒl/ /ˈkwəʊl/ quolls n
chat marsupial dasyure
Any of the various carnivorous marsupials of the genus Dasyurus found in Australia and New Guinea, roughly the size of a cat.

quorum /ˈkwɔː.ɹəm/ /ˈkwɔːɹəm/ quora quorums n
quorum
The minimum number of members required for a group to officially conduct business and to cast votes, often but not necessarily a majority or supermajority.

quota /ˈkwoʊtə/ /ˈkwəʉtə/ /ˈkwəʊtə/ [ˈkwoʊɾə] [ˈkwəʉɾə] quotas n
quota
A proportional part or share; the share or proportion assigned to each in a division.
(business, economics) A restriction on the import of something to a specific quantity.

quotation /kwoʊˈteɪʃən/ quotations n
cotation devis
A price that has been quoted for buying or selling.

quotation marks /kwoʊˈteɪʃən mɑɹks/ /kwəʊˈteɪʃən mɑːks/ n
guillemet guillemets
Note: These languages use “◌”-style marks or other styles as indicated. Some are singular and some plural.

quote /kwəʊt/ quotes n
citation guillemet
A quotation; a statement attributed to a person.
cotation devis
A summary of work to be done with a set price.

quote /kwəʊt/ v
citer coter deviser
(transitive) To prepare a summary of work to be done and set a price.
coter
(commerce, transitive) To name the current price, notably of a financial security.
ouvrir les guillemets
(intransitive) To indicate verbally or by equivalent means the start of a quotation.

quote unquote /kwəʊt ɒnkwəʊt/ /kwəʊt ʌnkwəʊt/ adj
entre guillemets soi-disant
(idiomatic) Emphasizes the following, or sometimes preceding, word or phrase for irony or marks it as not the normal sense of the term. Used almost exclusively in spoken language. In written language, quotation marks would be used instead.

quotidian /kwəˈtɪdɪən/ /kwɵˈtɪdɪən/ more quotidian most quotidian adj
quotidien quotidienne
Happening every day; daily. [from 15th c.]
commun ordinaire passe-partout
Having the characteristics of something which can be seen, experienced, etc, every day or very commonly. [from 15th c.]

quotidian /kwəˈtɪdɪən/ /kwɵˈtɪdɪən/ quotidians n
quotidien banalité
(medicine, now, _, rare, historical) A fever which recurs every day; quotidian malaria. [from 14th c.]
banalité quotidien
(Anglicanism, historical) A daily allowance formerly paid to certain members of the clergy. [from 16th c.]
(usually with definite article) Commonplace or mundane things regarded as a class. [from 20th c.]

quotient /ˈkwoʊʃənt/ /ˈkwəʊʃənt/ quotients n
quotient
(arithmetic) The number (either a fraction or an integer) resulting from the division of one number by another.
(mathematics) By analogy, the result of any process that is the inverse of multiplication as defined for any mathematical entities other than numbers.

quotient ring quotient rings n
anneau quotient
(algebra, ring theory) For a given ring R and ideal I contained in R, another ring, denoted R / I, whose elements are the cosets of I in R.

qutrit /ˈkjuːtɹɪt/ qutrits n
qutrit
(quantum computing) A quantum trit; the unit of quantum information described by a superposition of three states; a ternary qudit.

rRNA rRNAs n
ARNr
(genetics) Initialism of ribosomal RNA.

rabbet /ˈɹæbɪt/ rabbets n
feuillure
A longitudinal channel, groove, or recess cut out of the edge or face of a plank of wood or other material; especially, one intended to fit another member to form a joint.

rabbi /ˈɹæ.baɪ/ rabbies rabbis n
rabbin
A Jewish scholar or teacher of halacha (Jewish law), capable of making halachic decisions.

rabbinate /ˈɹæbɪnət/ rabbinates n
rabbinat
The office or function of a rabbi.

rabbinic /ɹəˈbɪnɪk/ /ˌɹæˈbɪnɪk/ adj
rabbinique
Relating to rabbis.
Formulated or enacted by rabbis.

rabbinical /ɹəˈbɪnəkəl/ adj
rabbinique
Of or relating to rabbis, their writings, or their work.

rabbit /ˈɹæbət/ /ˈɹæbɪt/ rabbits n
lapin
A mammal of the family Leporidae, with long ears, long hind legs and a short, fluffy tail.

rabbit ears n
antenne en V d'intérieur
An indoor dipole antenna consisting of two usually extensible rods connected to a base to form a V shape.

rabbit hole rabbit holes n
lapin terrier
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rabbit,‎ hole. The entrance to a rabbit warren or burrow; the whole warren or burrow.
dédale méandre écheveau
(by extension) A time-consuming tangent or detour, often one from which it is difficult to extricate oneself.

rabbit hutch rabbit hutches n
cabane à lapins cage à lapins clapier à lapins lapinière
A cage for keeping a rabbit or rabbits.

rabbit punch rabbit punches n
coup du lapin
A chopping punch to the back of the neck or head.

rabbit warren rabbit warrens n
garenne
An underground system of interconnected tunnels occupied by rabbits.
labyrinthe
A confusingly labyrinthine environment.

rabble /ˈɹæbəl/ rabbles n
cohue foule
A mob; a disorderly crowd. [from late 14th c.]
racaille plèbe populace
(derogatory) The mass of common people; the lowest class of populace. [from 1550s]

rabble rouser rabble rousers n
agitateur démagogue fauteur de troubles
(idiomatic) Someone or something that tends to inspire mobs; something controversial or provocative.

rabblerousing more rabblerousing most rabblerousing adj
qui cherche à soulever les masses qui incite à la révolte qui incite à la violence

rabid /ˈɹeɪbɪd/ /ˈɹæbɪd/ rabider rabidest adj
enragé
Affected with rabies.
(by extension) Furious; raging; extremely violent.

rabidly more rabidly most rabidly adv
avec fanatisme comme un(e) enragé(e) farouchement férocement
In a rabid manner.

rabidness n
férocité
The property of being rabid.

rabies /ˈɹeɪ.biːz/ n
rage
(disease) An infectious disease caused by species of Lyssavirus that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals and people, characterised by abnormal behaviour such as biting, excitement, aggressiveness, and dementia, followed by paralysis and death.

raccoon /ɹæˈkun/ /ɹəˈkun/ /ɹəˈkuːn/ raccoons n
raton laveur chaoui chat sauvage raton laveur commun
An omnivorous, nocturnal mammal native to North America, typically with a mixture of gray, brown, and black fur, a mask-like marking around the eyes and a striped tail; Procyon lotor.
procyoniné
Any mammal of the subfamily Procyoninae, a procyonine.
procyonidé
Any mammal of the family Procyonidae, a procyonid.

raccoon dog raccoon dogs n
chien viverrin
The canid Nyctereutes procyonoides, the only extant species in the genus Nyctereutes of the Canidae or dog family, native to East Asia and widely introduced elsewhere in other cool parts of Eurasia.

race /ɹeɪs/ races n
race
course
A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective.
A sequence of events; a progressive movement toward a goal.
race
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.
A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.
A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics (see Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race):
(animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.
(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.

race /ɹeɪs/ v
élancer
(intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.

race against time races against time n
course contre la montre
(idiomatic) A situation in which something must be done hurriedly, before a deadline.

race baiting n
supplice racial

race car race cars n
voiture de course
A car designed for use on racetracks in motor racing events.

race card race cards n
programme des courses
(sports) A printed card or pamphlet giving information about a series of horse races and listing the horses to be run; a racebook.

race condition race conditions n
situation de compétition

race hatred n
racial
Hatred towards an ethnic group.

race meeting race meetings n
réunion de courses
A series of horse races at a particular racecourse on a particular day

race relations n
relations inter-raciales

race traitor race traitors n
traître à la race

racecourse racecourses n
champ de courses piste
A course over which races are run.
hippodrome
(British, AU) A racetrack where horse races are run.

racehorse racehorses n
cheval de course
A horse that competes in races.

raceme /ɹeɪˈsim/ /ɹəˈsim/ /ˈɹæsim/ /ˈɹæsiːm/ racemes n
grappe racème
(botany) An indeterminate inflorescence in which the flowers are arranged along a single central axis.

racemic /ɹəˈsiːmɪk/ adj
racémique
(chemistry) Containing equal amounts of dextrorotatory (+) and levorotatory (−) stereoisomers and therefore not being optically active

racemization racemizations n
racémisation
(chemistry) The formation of a racemate from a pure enantiomer.

racemose /ˈɹæsəməʊz/ adj
racémose
(botany) Having flowers arranged along a single central axis, as in a raceme, spike, or catkin.

racer /ˈɹeɪsə/ /ˈɹeɪsəɹ/ racers n
coureur coureuse
Someone who takes part in a race.
bicyclette de course racer vélo de course
A vehicle or other device used for, or designed specifically for, racing.

racetrack /ˈɹeɪsˌtɹæk/ racetracks n
hippodrome champ de courses piste
A course over which any type of races are run.

racewalking n
marche athlétique
(sports) A sport in which people try to walk as fast as possible, subject to the constraint that at least one foot must be on the ground at all time (or else they would be running).

rachitic /ɹəˈkɪtɪk/ more rachitic most rachitic adj
rachitique

rachitis /ɹəˈkaɪtɪs/ n
rachitisme
(disease) Rickets.

racial /ˈɹeɪʃəl/ more racial most racial adj
racial
Of or relating to a race (or a people).

racial discrimination n
discrimination raciale
Discrimination on grounds of race or ethnicity.

racial segregation racial segregations n
ségrégation raciale

racialist racialists n
raciste

racially more racially most racially adv
à motivation raciste
Relating to race.

racily more racily most racily adv
avec verve lestement
In a racy manner.

raciness racinesses n
piquant
The property of being racy.

racing /ˈɹeɪsɪŋ/ racings n
course
The sport of competing in races.

racism /ˈɹeɪsɪzm̩/ racisms n
racisme
Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.

racist /ˈɹeɪ.sɪst/ /ˈɹæɪ.sɪst/ more racist most racist adj
raciste
Constituting, exhibiting, advocating, or pertaining to racism.

racist /ˈɹeɪ.sɪst/ /ˈɹæɪ.sɪst/ racists n
raciste
A person who believes in or supports racism; a person who believes that a particular race is superior to others, or who discriminates against other races.

rack /ɹæk/ racks n
étagère
A series of one or more shelves, stacked one above the other
chevalet
(historical) A device, incorporating a ratchet, used to torture victims by stretching them beyond their natural limits.
carré
A cut of meat involving several adjacent ribs.
balcon devanture
(slang, vulgar) A woman's breasts.

rack one's brain v
se casser la tête se creuser la cervelle se creuser la tête se creuser les méninges
(figuratively) To struggle to think of or remember something.

rack railway rack railways n
chemin de fer à crémaillère
(rail) A railway that uses a rack and pinion mechanism

racket /ˈɹækɪt/ rackets n
raquette
(countable, sports) An implement with a handle connected to a round frame strung with wire, sinew, or plastic cords, and used to hit a ball, such as in tennis or a birdie in badminton.
vacarme boucan tintamarre
A loud noise.
escroquerie
An illegal scheme for profit; a fraud or swindle; or both coinstantiated.

racketeer racketeers n
racketteur
one who commits crimes (especially fraud, bribery, loansharking, extortion etc.) to aid in running a shady or illegal business.

rackett /ˈɹækɪt/ racketts n
cervelas
(musical instruments) An old wind instrument of the double bassoon kind, having ventages but not keys.

raclette raclettes n
raclette
A firm cheese suitable for use in this dish.

raconteur /ˌɹæk.ɑnˈtɝ/ /ˌɹæk.ɒnˈtəː/ /ˌɹæk.ɔ̃(n)ˈtəː/ /ˌɹæk.ɔ̃(n)ˈtɝ/ raconteurs n
raconteur
A storyteller, especially a person noted for telling stories with skill and wit.

ractopamine n
ractopamine
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug used as a feed additive to promote leanness in pigs raised for their meat.

radar /ˈɹeɪ.dɑɹ/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɑː(ɹ)/ [ˈɹeɪ.ɾɑɹ] radars n
radar
(uncountable) A method of detecting distant objects and determining their position, velocity, or other characteristics by analysis of sent radio waves (usually microwaves) reflected from their surfaces

radar astronomy n
radarastronomie
(astronomy) A technique that uses radar echoes to examine bodies within the solar system, obtaining information about size, shape, topography, surface density, spin etc.

radar dome radar domes n
radôme
A weatherproof enclosure used to protect a radar antenna.

radar image radar images n
cliché radar
An image produced using a radar.

radfem radfems n
radfem

radial /ˈɹeɪdi.əl/ more radial most radial adj
radial
Arranged like rays that radiate from, or converge to a common centre.

radian /ˈɹeɪdiən/ radians n
radian
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of plane angular measure of angle equal to the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of its circumference equal in length to the radius of the circle. Symbol: rad.

radiance /ˈɹeɪdi.əns/ radiances n
éclat
The quality or state of being radiant; shining, bright or splendid.

radiation /ɹaɪ.di.ˈaɪ.ʃən/ /ɹæ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌɹeɪ.di.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ radiations n
radiation rayonnement
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like diverging rays of light.
The process of radiating waves or particles.
Radioactive energy.

radiative more radiative most radiative adj
radiatif
(physics) of, relating to, or occurring through radiation

radiator /ˈreːdijeː(j)tɐ/ /ˈrædɪeɪ̯tə/ /ˈrɛjdɪjɛjtə/ /ˈɹej.di(j)ˌej.tɚ/ radiators n
radiateur
(automotive) A device that lowers engine coolant temperature by conducting heat to the air, through metal fins.
(of buildings) A finned metal fixture that carries hot water or steam in order to heat a room.

radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/ more radical most radical adj
radical
Favoring fundamental change, or change at the root cause of a matter.
(botany, not comparable) Pertaining to a root (of a plant).
Pertaining to the basic or intrinsic nature of something.
Thoroughgoing; far-reaching.
(lexicography, not comparable) Of or pertaining to the root of a word.
génial super
(slang, 1980s & 1990s) Excellent; awesome.

radical /ˈɹædɪkəl/ radicals n
radical radicale
(historical, early 20th-century France) A member of an influential, centrist political party favouring moderate social reform, a republican constitution, and secular politics.
radical
A person with radical opinions.
(organic chemistry) A free radical.
racine
(arithmetic) A root (of a number or quantity).
radical clé
(linguistics) In logographic writing systems such as the Chinese writing system, the portion of a character (if any) that provides an indication of its meaning, as opposed to phonetic.

radical feminism radical feminisms n
féminisme radical

radicalism radicalisms n
radicalisme

radicalization radicalizations n
radicalisation
the process of radicalizing

radicalize v
radicaliser
(intransitive) To become radical; to adopt a radical political stance.

radicchio /ɹəˈdi.kjoʊ/ radicchios n
radicchio trévise
A cultivar of chicory (Cichorium intybus var. foliosum) with red leaves and a slightly bitter taste, eaten as a salad vegetable or grilled.

radio /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊ/ radios n
radio radiodiffusion
(uncountable) The technology that allows for the transmission of sound or other signals by modulation of electromagnetic waves.
radio
(countable) A device that can capture (receive) the signal sent over radio waves and render the modulated signal as sound.
(countable) A device that can transmit radio signals.

radio altimeter radio altimeters n
radioaltimètre

radio amateur radio amateurs n
radioamateur radioamatrice
A person who practises the hobby of amateur radio. Radio amateurs must possess a licence issued by the relevant authority in the country in which they live, and must pass an exam before they can obtain a licence to operate.

radio beacon radio beacons n
radiobalise radioborne
(communication, aviation, nautical, navigation) A beacon that emits radio wave signals to guide ships or aircraft or to indicate the position of a ship, aircraft, or other object, person, or vehicle.

radio button radio buttons n
bouton radio
Any of a line of preset buttons on a car radio used to select the station to be listened to; pressing one releases the others.
(graphical user interface) Any of a group of widgets in a graphical user interface that is used to select one of a group of options; the selection of any one deselects the others.

radio clock radio clocks n
horloge radio horloge radio-pilotée
A clock that is synchronized to a remote time standard by means of radio signals

radio control n
radiocommande
The use of radio signals to remotely control a device.

radio direction finder radio direction finders n
radiocompas

radio drama /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊ dɹɑmə/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊ dɹɑːmə/ radio dramas n
théâtre radiophonique
Dramatized, purely acoustic performance, broadcast on radio or published on audio media, such as tape or CD.

radio frequency radio frequencies n
radiofréquence
(uncountable) That part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between about 3 kHz and 300 MHz, within which radio waves are transmitted.

radio galaxy radio galaxies n
radiogalaxie
(astronomy) Type of galaxy that is very luminous at radio wavelengths.

radio silence /ˈɹeɪ.di.oʊ ˌsaɪ.ləns/ /ˈɹeɪ.di.əʊ ˌsaɪ.ləns/ radio silences n
silence radio
(figurative) A period of time during which nothing is heard from a person or organization, especially when such communication would normally be expected.

radio source radio sources n
radiosource
(astronomy) Any astronomical object that emits radio waves.

radio station radio stations n
station de radio
An installation of a radio transmitter, and possibly a receiver, for the purpose of broadcasting or communication; usually refers to a broadcast station in non-technical usage.

radio telescope radio telescopes n
radiotélescope
(astronomy) A device for observing astronomical sources of radio waves, normally having one or more large parabolic dishes.

radio wave radio waves n
onde radio
(physics) electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about .5 centimeters and 30,000 meters; used for the broadcasting of radio and television signals.

radio- prefix
radio-
radiation, radioactive
radio (broadcasting)

radio-controlled adj
télécommandé téléguidé
Controlled remotely using radio signals.

radio-controlled car radio-controlled cars n
voiture téléguidée
a model car controlled by radio waves from a battery-powered remote control unit.

radioactivation radioactivations n
radioactivation

radioactive /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈaktɪv/ /ˌɹeɪdioʊˈæktɪv/ more radioactive most radioactive adj
radioactif radioactive
Exhibiting radioactivity.

radioactive fallout radioactive fallouts n
retombée radioactive
Material settling from a radioactive plume, and its subsequent surface deposition.

radioactive waste radioactive wastes n
déchet radioactif
Waste containing radioactive nuclides.

radioactivity radioactivities n
radioactivité
Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus.
The radiation so emitted; including gamma rays, alpha particles, neutrons, electrons, positrons, etc.

radiocommunication radiocommunications n
radiocommunication
Any means of communication using radio or other electromagnetic waves

radioconcentric adj
radioconcentrique

radioconductor radioconductors n
radioconducteur

radiodiagnostics n
radiodiagnostic
(medicine) Diagnostics by means of X-rays or radiochemical tracers.

radioelectric adj
radioélectrique
Of or pertaining to the transmission of power via electromagnetic waves

radioelement radioelements n
radioélément
(physics) Any element whose currently known isotopes are all radioactive.

radiogram /-oʊ-/ /ˈɹeɪ.di.əˌɡɹæm/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɪ.ə(ʊ).ɡɹæm/ radiograms n
radiogramme
(telegraphy, historical) Synonym of radiotelegram (“a message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy”)

radiogramophone radiogramophones n
radio-phonographe
(radio, historical) A gramophone record player that incorporates a radio receiver. [from 20th c.]

radiograph radiographs n
radiographie
An image, often a photographic negative, produced by radiation other than ordinary light; especially an X-ray photograph.

radiography n
radiographie
the process of making radiographs, and the science of analyzing them

radioisotope radioisotopes n
radioisotope
(physics) a radioactive isotope of an element

radiolarian radiolarians n
radiolaire
Any of many marine amoeboid protozoa, of subclass Radiolaria, having filamentous pseudopodia; they have intricate silica skeletons.

radiole /ˈɹeɪdɪəʊl/ radioles n
radiole
(zoology) The spine of a sea urchin. [from late 19th c.]

radiological adj
radiologique
Of or pertaining to radiation, radioactivity or nuclear weapons.

radiologist /ˌɹeɪ.diːˈɒl.ə.dʒɪst/ radiologists n
radiologiste
A person who is skilled in or practices radiology.

radiology n
radiologie
(medicine) The specialty of medical imaging and its interpretation, originally and especially radiography#Noun but now including all imaging modalities, including ones that use no radiation#Noun (such as ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging).

radiolysis radiolyses n
radiolyse
(chemistry) The dissociation of a molecule as a result of radiation

radiometer radiometers n
radiomètre
A device that measures radiant energy.

radiometric adj
radiométrique
Referring to the science of radiometry.

radionavigation /ˈɹeɪdiˌoʊnævɪɡeɪʃən/ /ˈɹeɪdiˌəʊnævɪɡeɪʃən/ n
radionavigation

radionecrosis radionecroses n
radionécrose
Any necrosis caused by exposure to ionizing radiation.

radionuclide radionuclides n
radionucléide
(physics) a radioactive nuclide

radiopasteurize v
radiopasteuriser

radiopharmacy radiopharmacies n
radiopharmacie

radiosensitivity radiosensitivities n
radiosensibilité

radiosterilize v
radiostériliser

radiotelegram radiotelegrams n
radiogramme
(telegraphy, historical) A message, like a telegram, transmitted by wireless telegraphy.

radiotelegraphy /ˌɹeɪ.di.əʊ.təˈlɛɡ.ɹə.fi/ n
radiotélégraphie
The process and techniques of sending telegrams using radio waves rather than wires.

radiotelephone radiotelephones n
radiotéléphone
a device that allows two-way communication via radio.

radiotelephony n
radiotéléphonie
the transmission of sound (in both directions) using modulated radio waves rather than wires

radiotherapist radiotherapists n
radiothérapeute
A therapist who specialises in radiotherapy

radiotherapy radiotherapies n
radiothérapie
Synonym of radiation therapy.

radiotoxicological adj
radiotoxicologique
Of or pertaining to radiotoxicology

radish /ˈɹadɪʃ/ /ˈɹædɪʃ/ /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ radishes n
radis
A plant of the Brassicaceae family, Raphanus sativus or Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, having an edible root.

radium /ˈɹeɪ.di.əm/ /ˈɹeɪ.dɪ.əm/ radiums n
radium
The chemical element (symbol Ra) with an atomic number of 88. It is a soft, shiny and silvery radioactive alkaline earth metal.

radius /ˈɹeɪ.di.əs/ radii radiuses n
radius rayon
(zoology) The lighter bone (or fused portion of bone) in the forelimb of an animal.
rayon radius
(geometry) The length of this line segment.

radix /ɹeɪ.dɪks/ radices radixes n
racine
(linguistics) A primitive word, from which other words may be derived.
base
(mathematics) The number of distinct symbols used to represent numbers in a particular base, as ten for decimal.

radon /ˈɹeɪdɒn/ n
radon
The chemical element (symbol Rn, formerly Ro) with atomic number 86. It is an odorless, colorless, chemically inert but radioactive noble gas.

raffinate raffinates n
raffinat
(chemistry) A solution from which some material has been removed by extraction with an immiscible liquid

raffle /ˈɹæfl̩/ raffles n
tombola
A drawing, often held as a fundraiser, in which tickets or chances are sold to win a prize.

raft /ɹæft/ /ɹɑːft/ rafts n
radeau canot pneumatique
A flat-bottomed craft able to float and drift on water, used for transport or as a waterborne platform.
masse multitude
A large (but unspecified) number, a lot.

rafter /ˈɹæftəɹ/ /ˈɹɑːftə(ɹ)/ rafters n
chevron
(architecture) One of a series of sloped beams that extend from the ridge or hip to the downslope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.

rafting /ˈɹæftɪŋ/ /ˈɹɑːftɪŋ/ n
rafting radelage
The sport of guiding a raft while descending a river, especially through rapids known as white water rafting.

rag /ɹæɡ/ rags n
chiffon haillon guenille fripe loque oripeau
A piece of old cloth, especially one used for cleaning, patching, etc.; a tattered piece of cloth; a shred or tatter.
rag ragtime
A ragtime song, dance or piece of music. [from 19th c.]
loque
A shabby, beggarly fellow; a ragamuffin.
canard torchon
(slang, pejorative) A newspaper or magazine, especially one whose journalism is considered to be of poor quality.

rag doll rag dolls n
poupée de chiffon
A doll made from cloth and stuffed with rags.

ragdoll ragdolls n
ragdoll
A modern American breed of domestic cat with a longhair colourpoint coat that relaxes completely when picked up.

rage /ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ rages n
rage fureur furie courroux
Violent uncontrolled anger.

rage /ɹeɪd͡ʒ/ v
rager
(intransitive) To act or speak in heightened anger.
faire rage se déchaîner
(sometimes, figurative) To move with great violence, as a storm etc.

ragequit /ˈɹeɪd͡ʒˌkwɪt/ v
ragequitter
(intransitive, slang, video games) To quit an online video game in anger.

ragged /ˈɹæɡɪd/ more ragged most ragged adj
déguenillé en lambeaux
In tatters, having the texture broken.
enguenillé
Wearing tattered clothes.

ragged right n
ferré à gauche

ragged robin ragged robins n
œillet des prés

ragman ragmen n
chiffonnier
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man.

ragout /ɹæˈɡuː/ /ˈɹæɡuː/ ragouts n
ragoût
a stew of meat and vegetables mixed together

ragpicker ragpickers n
chiffonnier
A person who collects and sells unwanted household items such as rags and other refuse for a living, a rag and bone man (UK) or ragman (US).

rags and tatters n
haillons
very old, torn clothes

rags to riches n
de la misère à la richesse
(mostly, attributive) From poverty to exceptional wealth.

ragweed ragweeds n
herbe à poux
A plant of the genus Ambrosia. These weeds are particularly noted for producing pollen which people with hay fever are allergic to.

ragwort /ˈɹæɡwəːt/ ragworts n
séneçon
Any of a number of wild flowering plants with yellow flowers in the family Asteraceae, mostly belonging to Senecio and related genera.

raid /ɹeɪd/ raids n
raid razzia descente
An attack or invasion for the purpose of making arrests, seizing property, or plundering.

rail /ɹeɪl/ [ɹeɪɫ] rails n
râle
Any of several birds in the family Rallidae.
rail
The metal bar forming part of the track for a railroad.

rail trail rail trails n
sentier ferroviaire
(rail transport) A former railway track converted into a multi-use path, typically as a greenway for walking and cycling.

railcar railcars n
autobus sur rails
(rail) A self-propelled railway vehicle for passengers, similar to a bus.
autobus sur rails automotrice
(rail) A powered single railway vehicle designed for passenger transport, with a driver's cab in both ends; Not to be confused with motor coach/motorcar, which is a powered railway vehicle capable to haul a train.

railgun /ˈɹeɪl.ɡʌn/ [ˈɹeɪ.jəɫ.ɡʌn] [ˈɹeɪɫ.ɡʌn] railguns n
canon électrique railgun
An electromagnetic gun that uses a large electrical current to propel a projectile down a track of two parallel conductive rails.

railing /ˈɹeɪlɪŋ/ railings n
rampe barrière clôture
A fence or barrier consisting of one or more horizontal rails and vertical supports.

railroad car railroad cars n
voiture wagon
(US) Any railway vehicle or rolling stock.

railroad tie railroad ties n
traverse
(rail transport, US) A heavy, preserved piece of hewn timber laid crossways to and supporting the rails of a railroad or a member of similar shape and function of another material such as concrete.

railroad track railroad tracks n
voie ferrée
(rail, US) A pair of formed steel rails, separated and supported usually on wooden or concrete ties or sleepers, forming a track along which flange-wheeled railroad vehicles may travel.

railway /ˈɹeɪlˌweɪ/ railways n
chemin de fer
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A transport system using rails used to move passengers or goods.
chemin de fer voie ferrée réseau ferroviaire
(chiefly, UK, Ireland, and, Commonwealth) A track, consisting of parallel rails, over which wheeled vehicles such as trains may travel.

railway gun railway guns n
artillerie lourde sur voie ferrée
(military) A massive and heavy mobile artillery gun, built, transported by, and fired from a specially designed rail car.

railway line railway lines n
ligne de chemin de fer
(chiefly, UK) A group of railway tracks running parallel, allowing one track to be used for each direction (a double-track railway line), or allowing segregation of fast trains from stopping trains (a four-track railway line).

railway station railway stations n
gare gare ferroviaire gare de chemin de fer
(British) A place where trains stop for passengers to embark and disembark.

railway track railway tracks n
voie ferrée
A pair of parallel rails along which a railway train runs.

railwayman railwaymen n
cheminot
A man who works on a railway.

rain /ɹeɪn/ rains n
pluie
Condensed water falling from a cloud.
(figuratively) Any matter moving or falling, usually through air, and especially if liquid or otherwise figuratively identifiable with raindrops.
(figuratively) An instance of particles or larger pieces of matter moving or falling through air.

rain /ɹeɪn/ v
pleuvoir royer
(impersonal) To have rain fall from the sky.
pleuvoir des cordes pleuvoir
(transitive) To issue (something) in large quantities.

rain cats and dogs v
pleuvoir comme vache qui pisse pleuvoir des cordes pleuvoir à verse dracher pleuvoir des hallebardes pleuvoir à boire debout
(impersonal, idiomatic) To rain very heavily.

rain cloud rain clouds n
nimbus
A cloud from which rain is falling or may fall.

rain dance rain dances n
danse de la pluie
A ceremonial dance intended to provoke rain.

rain gauge rain gauges n
pluviomètre
(meteorology) A device used in meteorology to measure rainfall.

rain on someone's parade v
doucher [[l']]enthousiasme de jouer les [[rabat-joie]]
(figuratively) To disappoint or discourage someone by ruining or criticising their plans or aspirations.

rain or shine adv
par tous les temps qu'il pleuve ou qu'il vente qu'il pleuve, qu'il vente, qu'il neige
(idiomatic) Regardless of what the circumstances are, and how the weather is.

rain shower rain showers n
pluie
(weather) A short, mild period of rainfall.

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ adj
iridescent multicolore

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ rainbows n
arc-en-ciel
A multicoloured arch in the sky, produced by prismatic refraction of light within droplets of rain in the air.

rainbow /ˈɹeɪmboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnboʊ/ /ˈɹeɪnbəʊ/ v
polychromer
(transitive) To brighten with, or as with, a rainbow; to pattern with the colours of the rainbow.

rainbow baby rainbow babies n
bébé arc-en-ciel bébé d’après
A baby conceived after a miscarriage or other loss of a baby.

rainbow flag rainbow flags n
drapeau arc-en-ciel
A rainbow-striped flag, typically consisting of six horizontal bars (from top to bottom: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet), used as a symbol of LGBT pride and LGBT social movements.

rainbow trout rainbow trout rainbow trouts n
truite arc-en-ciel
(usually, countable) A trout of the species Oncorhynchus mykiss, that has black spots and a pink streak running along the body.

raincoat /ˈɹeɪnkoʊt/ /ˈɹeɪnkəʊt/ raincoats n
imperméable K-way imper
A waterproof coat to be worn in the rain.
capote
(slang) A condom.

raindrop /ˈɹeɪndɹɑp/ /ˈɹeɪndɹɒp/ raindrops n
goutte de pluie
A single droplet of rainwater that has just fallen or is falling from the sky.

rainfall rainfalls n
précipitations
(meteorology) the amount of rain that falls on a single occasion

rainforest rainforests n
forêt tropicale forêt pluviale forêt pluvieuse pluvisilve pluvisylve
A forest in a climate with high annual rainfall and no dry season.

rainmaker /ˈɹeɪnmeɪkə/ /ˈɹeɪnˌmeɪkɚ/ rainmakers n
faiseur de pluie
A medicine man, shaman, or the like, who seeks to induce rain through performing rituals, as in African or Native American cutlures.

rainstick /ˈreɪnstɪk/ rainsticks n
bâton de pluie
A hollow tube partially filled with pebbles or beans, and with small pins or thorns arranged helically on its inner surface, so that it produces a rain-like sound when upended.

rainstorm rainstorms n
pluie torrentielle
A storm characterized by substantial, heavy rainfall.

rainwater rainwaters n
eaux de pluie eau de pluie
Water (for a house etc) sourced from rain which has not joined a spring, stream or river, pond, lake or sea.

rainy /ˈɹeɪni/ rainier rainiest adj
pluvieux
Pouring with rain; wet; showery

rainy day rainy days n
jour difficile période de vaches maigres
(idiomatic) A difficult period of need, in reference to a time when money will be needed.

rainy season rainy seasons n
saison des pluies
The portion of the year during which the most rain falls.

raise /ɹeɪz/ raises n
augmentation
(US) Ellipsis of pay raise.: an increase in wages or salary.

raise /ɹeɪz/ v
ressusciter
(figurative) To cause (a dead person) to live again; to resurrect.
élever lever ériger
To bring into being; to produce; to cause to arise, come forth, or appear.
élever
(arithmetic) To exponentiate, to involute.

raise one's glass v
lever son verre

raise one's voice v
hausser la voix hausser le ton

raise someone's hackles v
foutre en rogne

raise the alarm v
tirer la sonnette d'alarme

raisin /ˈɹeɪzən/ /ˈɹiːzən/ raisins n
raisin sec raisin
A dried grape.

raisin bread raisin breads n
pain aux raisins
Bread with raisins in it.

raison d'être /ˌɹeɪzɒ̃ ˈdɛtɹə/ /ˌɹɛzɒ̃ ˈdɛtɹə/ raison d'être raison d'êtres raisons d'être n
raison d'être
Reason for being. The claimed reason for the existence of something or someone; the sole or ultimate purpose of something or someone.

rake /ɹeɪk/ rakes n
râteau rastrum
(agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.
fumiste
A person (usually a man) who is stylish but habituated to hedonistic and immoral conduct.
angle de chasse dépouille
(specifically) In full, angle of rake or rake angle: the angle between the edge or face of a tool (especially a cutting tool) and a plane (usually one perpendicular to the object that the tool is being applied to).
rame
(Britain, originally, Northern England, Scotland) A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons.

rake /ɹeɪk/ v
fouiller passer au peigne fin
(ambitransitive, figurative) To search through (thoroughly).
ratisser arroser
(ambitransitive, also, figurative) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often, military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.
ratisser râteler
To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.

rakija /ˈɹɑːkɪə/ rakijas n
rakia
A strong distilled alcoholic beverage made from various fruits, varieties of which (such as slivovitz) are found across the Balkans and the Mediterranean.

rakish /ˈɹeɪkɪʃ/ more rakish most rakish adj
négligé
Dashingly, carelessly, or sportingly unconventional or stylish; jaunty; characterized by a devil-may-care unconventionality; having a somewhat disreputable quality or appearance.
débauché
(dated) Like a rake; dissolute; profligate.

rale /ɹeɪl/ /ɹæl/ /ɹɑl/ /ɹɑːl/ rales n
râle crépitants
(medicine, now, chiefly, in plural) An abnormal clicking, rattling or crackling sound, made by one or both lungs and heard with a stethoscope, caused by the popping open of airways collapsed by fluid or exudate, or sometimes by pulmonary edema.

rally /ˈɹæli/ rallies n
manifestation meeting rassemblement
A public gathering or mass meeting that is not mainly a protest and is organized to inspire enthusiasm for a cause.
rallye rally
(motor racing) An event in which competitors drive through a series of timed special stages at intervals. The winner is the driver who completes all stages with the shortest cumulative time.

rally /ˈɹæli/ v
rallier
(transitive) To collect, and reduce to order, as troops dispersed or thrown into confusion; to gather again; to reunite.
(intransitive) To come into orderly arrangement; to renew order, or united effort, as troops scattered or put to flight; to assemble.

ram /ɹæm/ rams n
bélier
(zoology, agriculture) A male sheep, typically uncastrated.
éperonner
(military, nautical, mostly, historical) A warship intended to sink other ships by ramming them.

ram /ɹæm/ v
éperonner
(ambitransitive) To collide with (an object), usually with the intention of damaging it or disabling its function.

rambade rambades n
rambade
(nautical) The raised platform above the main artillery in the bow of the type of galley used from the 15th to the 19th century, used as a fighting platform and command post.

ramble /ˈɹæmbəl/ v
flâner se balader
To walk for pleasure; to amble or saunter.
divaguer radoter
(often with on, about, or both) To talk or write incessantly, unclearly, or incoherently, with many digressions.

rambunctious /ɹæmˈbʌŋ(k)ʃəs/ more rambunctious most rambunctious adj
turbulent
(chiefly, US, informal) Boisterous, energetic, noisy, and difficult to control.

rambutan [ɹamˈbjʉːtən] [ɹæmˈbuːtən] rambutans n
ramboutan litchi chevelu
The fruit of this tree.

ramekin /ˈɹæm(ɪ)kɪn/ ramekins n
ramequin
A cheese- or meat-based dish baked in a small mold.

ramen /ɹɑːmən/ ramens n
ramen
Soup noodles of wheat, with various ingredients (Japanese style)

ramification /ɹæmɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ /ˌɹæməfəˈkeɪʃən/ ramifications n
ramification
(botany, anatomy, also, figurative) A branching-out, the act or result of developing branches; specifically the divergence of the stem and limbs of a plant into smaller ones, or of similar developments in blood vessels, anatomical structures etc.
(figurative, often, in plural) An offshoot of a decision, fact etc.; a consequence or implication, especially one which complicates a situation.
(mathematics) An arrangement of branches.

ramiflorous adj
ramiflore

ramjet ramjets n
statoréacteur
(aeronautics) A jet engine in which forward motion forces air into an inlet, compressing it (as opposed to having a pump type device compressing the air for combustion with fuel), and where combustion is subsonic.

rammed earth n
pisé
A construction material made by compressing or packing earth (dirt).

ramp /ɹæmp/ ramps n
rampe
An inclined surface that connects two levels; an incline.
ail des bois oignon sauvage poireau sauvage
An American plant, Allium tricoccum, related to the onion; a wild leek.
passerelle
(aviation) A mobile staircase that is attached to the doors of an aircraft at an airport.

ramp /ɹæmp/ v
ramper
(obsolete, intransitive) To stand in a rampant position.

rampage /ˈɹæmpeɪd͡ʒ/ rampages n
déchainement saccage
A course of violent, frenzied action.

rampage /ˈɹæmpeɪd͡ʒ/ v
rager
To move about wildly or violently.

rampant /ˈɹæm.pənt/ more rampant most rampant adj
rampant
(heraldry) Rearing up, especially on its hind leg(s), with a foreleg raised and in profile.
effréné
Unrestrained or unchecked, usually in a negative manner.

rampart /ˈɹæm.pɑː(ɹ)t/ ramparts n
rempart
A defensive mound of earth or a wall with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a wall-like ridge of earth, stones or debris; an embankment for defensive purpose.

rampion /ˈɹæmpɪən/ rampions n
raiponce
A species of bellflower with roots and leaves formerly used in salads, Campanula rapunculus.
Any of several flowering plants of the genus Phyteuma, within the family Campanulaceae.

ramraid ramraids n
attaque à la voiture-bélier

ramrod /ˈɹæmɹɒd/ ramrods n
baguette
(firearms) Device used with muzzleloaders to push the projectile up against the propellant.

ramshackle /ˈɹæmˌʃæk.əl/ more ramshackle most ramshackle adj
délabré
In disrepair or disorder; poorly maintained; lacking upkeep, usually of buildings or vehicles.

ramsons n
ail des ours
A wild relative of chives, Allium ursinum, having edible leaves and roots.

ranch /ɹænt͡ʃ/ /ɹɑːntʃ/ ranches n
ranch
A large plot of land used for raising cattle, sheep or other livestock.
A small farm that cultivates vegetables and/or livestock, especially one in the Southwestern United States.

rancid /ˈɹænsɪd/ more rancid most rancid adj
rance
Rank in taste or smell.

rancidity rancidities n
rancidité
The state of being rancid.

rancor /ˈɹæŋ.kɚ/ rancors n
rancune
(American spelling) A feeling of long-lasting ire for another, sometimes to the point of hatred, over a perceived wrongdoing; bitterness.

rancorous /ˈɹæŋ.kəɹ.əs/ more rancorous most rancorous adj
rancunier acrimonieux
Full of rancor; bitter; unforgiving.

random /ˈɹændəm/ more random most random adj
aléatoire au hasard
Having unpredictable outcomes and, in the ideal case, all outcomes equally probable; resulting from such selection; lacking statistical correlation.
aléatoire stochastique
(mathematics) Of or relating to probability distribution.
pseudo-aléatoire
(computing) Pseudorandom; mimicking the result of random selection.
moyen
(somewhat, colloquial) Representative and undistinguished; typical and average; selected for no particular reason.
sortir de nulle part
(somewhat, colloquial) Apropos of nothing; lacking context; unexpected; having apparent lack of plan, cause, or reason.

random /ˈɹændəm/ randoms n
quidam
(figuratively, colloquial) An undefined, unknown or unimportant person; a person of no consequence. [from 20th c.]

random access memory random access memories n
mémoire vive mémoire RAM mémoire à accès aléatoire mémoire à accès direct mémoire à accès sélectif
(computing, electronics) Computer memory, usually volatile, that stores program and data values during operation and in which each word of memory may be directly (randomly) accessed.

random number /ˈɹæn.dəm ˈnʌm.bɚ/ random numbers n
nombre aléatoire
A number selected based on a uniform distribution, typically using a suitable generator (for example, rolling a die).

random sample random samples n
échantillon aléatoire
(statistics) A sample randomly taken from an investigated population.

random walk random walks n
marche aléatoire
(mathematics) A stochastic path consisting of a series of sequential movements, the direction (and sometime length) of which is chosen at random

randomise /ˈɹændəmɑɪz/ v
randomiser
To arrange randomly; to make random

randomly /ˈɹændm̩li/ more randomly most randomly adv
accidentellement en vrac par hasard
In a random manner.

randomness /ˈɹændəmnəs/ randomnesses n
hasard
The property of all possible outcomes being equally likely.
aléa aléatoire hasard
(mathematics) A type of circumstance or event that is described by a probability distribution.

range /ɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ ranges n
chaîne
A line or series of mountains, buildings, etc.
cuisinière
A fireplace; a fire or other cooking apparatus; now specifically, a large cooking stove with many hotplates.
gamme sélection
Selection, array.
champ champ de tir
An area for practicing shooting at targets.
terrain
An area for military training or equipment testing.
portée
The maximum distance or reach of capability (of a weapon, radio, detector, etc.).
autonomie portée
The distance a vehicle (e.g., a car, bicycle, lorry, or aircraft) can travel without refueling.
prairie
An area of open, often unfenced, grazing land.
étendue
The extent or space taken in by anything excursive; compass or extent of excursion; reach; scope.
ensemble d'arrivée image
(mathematics) The set of values (points) which a function can obtain.
amplitude distance plage portée rayon étendue
(statistics) The length of the smallest interval which contains all the data in a sample; the difference between the largest and smallest observations in the sample.
gamme
(music) The scale of all the tones a voice or an instrument can produce.
habitat naturel
(ecology) The geographical area or zone where a species is normally naturally found.

range pole range poles n
jalon
A rod or pole, marked with alternating red and white bands, used by surveyors for sighting

rangefinder rangefinders n
télémètre
Any of several designs of optical (or other) instrument that is used to measure the distance to an object

ranivorous adj
ranivore
frog-eating

rank /ɹæŋk/ more rank most rank ranker rankest adj
rance malodorant
Having a very strong and bad taste or odor.

rank /ɹæŋk/ ranks n
rangée
(chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).
registre
(music) In a pipe organ, a set of pipes of a certain quality for which each pipe corresponds to one key or pedal.
rang
One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, or quality.
The level of one's position in a class-based society.
A hierarchical level in an organization such as the military.

rank /ɹæŋk/ v
ranger
To place abreast, or in a line.
classer
To have a ranking.
coter
To assign a suitable place in a class or order; to classify.

rank and file n
soldats du rang
Enlisted soldiers in a military organization, as would be arrayed in a grid pattern with ranks and files.
piétaille
(idiomatic) Members of an organization who are not in leadership positions.

ranking /ˈɹæn.kɪŋ/ /ˈɹæŋ.kɪŋ/ more ranking most ranking adj
classement
(in combination) Having a specified rank.
supérieur
Superior in rank.

ranking /ˈɹæn.kɪŋ/ /ˈɹæŋ.kɪŋ/ rankings n
classement
One’s relative placement in a list.

ransack /ˈɹænsæk/ v
mettre à sac saccager
(transitive) To loot or pillage. See also sack.
fouiller
(transitive) To make a vigorous and thorough search of (a place, person) with a view to stealing something, especially when leaving behind a state of disarray.

ransom /ˈɹænsəm/ ransoms n
rançon
(historical, legal, UK) A sum paid for the pardon of some great offence and the discharge of the offender; also, a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.

ransom /ˈɹænsəm/ v
rançonner
To pay a price to set someone free from captivity or punishment.

ransomware n
rançongiciel logiciel d'extorsion logiciel de rançon logiciel rançonneur
(computer security) Malware that holds the data of a computer user for ransom, usually requiring or claiming to require payment to restore access.

rant /ɹænt/ v
râler
To criticize by ranting.

rap music n
rap
(music genre) Hip-hop music, especially when focused on rapping.

rap sheet rap sheets n
casier judiciaire
(US, law, criminology) A printed police record of an individual's citations, arrests, convictions, and incarcerations, usually in a single jurisdiction.

rapacious /ɹəˈpeɪ.ʃəs/ more rapacious most rapacious adj
rapace
(also, figurative) Voracious; avaricious.

rapacity /ɹəˈpæ.sɪ.ti/ rapacities n
rapacité
The quality of being rapacious; voracity.

rape /ɹeɪp/ rapes n
viol
The act of forcing sex upon another person without their consent or against their will; originally coitus forced by a man on a woman, but now generally any sex act forced by any person upon another person; by extension, any non-consensual sex act forced on or perpetrated by any being. [from 15th c.]

rape /ɹeɪp/ v
pirater violer
(transitive) To carry (someone, especially a woman) off against their will, especially for sex; to abduct. [from 15th c.]
(transitive) To plunder, to destroy or despoil. [from 17th c.]
(slang, sometimes, offensive) To overpower, destroy (someone); to trounce. [from 20th c.]
violer
(chiefly, transitive) To force sexual intercourse or other penetrative sexual activity upon (someone) without their consent. [from 16th c.]

rape culture rape cultures n
culture du viol
(agriculture) The cultivation (growing or production) of rape.
A culture, environment or society where rape (a form of sexual assault) is common, and in which social attitudes or practices work to trivialize sexual violence, make rape seem normal, or shift responsibility from rapists to rape victims. [from 20th c.]

rapeseed rapeseeds n
colza
The seed of the rape plant, Brassica napus, used widely for animal feed and vegetable oil.

raphe /ˈɹeɪ.fi/ raphae raphes n
raphé

rapid /ˈɹæpɪd/ more rapid most rapid rapider rapidest adj
rapide
Very swift or quick.

rapid /ˈɹæpɪd/ rapids n
rapides
(often, in the plural) A rough section of a river or stream which is difficult to navigate due to the swift and turbulent motion of the water.

rapid eye movement rapid eye movements n
mouvement oculaire rapide
Fast movement of the eyes, characterising REM sleep

rapid-fire more rapid-fire most rapid-fire adj
feu roulant
(of a gun) Able to fire bullets in quick succession.

rapidity /ɹəˈpɪdɪti/ rapidities n
célérité rapidité
speed, swiftness; the condition of being rapid

rapidly /ˈɹæpɪdli/ more rapidly most rapidly adv
rapidement
With speed; in a rapid manner.

rapier /ˈɹeɪpˌɪə(ɹ)/ rapiers n
rapière
A slender, straight, sharply pointed sword (double-edged, single-edged or edgeless).

rapine /ˈɹæpaɪn/ rapines n
rapine
The seizure of someone's property by force; pillage, plunder.

rapist /ˈɹeɪpɪst/ rapists n
violeur violeuse
A person who has committed rape.

rappel /ɹæˈpɛl/ v
descendre en rappel
To abseil.

rapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ rappers n
rappeur rappeuse
(music) A performer of rap music, or someone who raps in any form of music.

rapprochement /-ˈmɑ̃/ /ɹæ-/ /ɹæpɹoʊʃˈmɑn/ /ɹəˈpɹɒʃmɒ̃/ rapprochements n
rapprochement
The reestablishment of cordial relations, particularly between two countries; a reconciliation.

rapt /ˈɹæpt/ more rapt most rapt adj
absorbé captivé fasciné
(comparable) Very interested, involved in something, absorbed, transfixed; fascinated or engrossed.
ravi
(comparable) Enthusiatic; ecstatic, elated, happy.

raptorial more raptorial most raptorial adj
rapace

rapture /ˈɹaptʃə/ /ˈɹæpt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɹɛptʃɘ/ raptures n
ravissement
Extreme pleasure, happiness or excitement.
enlèvement ravissement
In some forms of fundamentalist Protestant eschatology, the event when Jesus returns and gathers the souls of living and deceased believers. (Usually "the rapture".)

rara avis /-ˈæviːs/ /-ˈævɪs/ /-ˈɑːviːs/ /-ˈɑːvɪs/ /ˌɹɑɹi ˈeɪvis/ /ˌɹɑɹə ˈeɪvɪs/ /ˌɹɑːɹaɪ-/ /ˌɹɑːɹiː ˈeɪviːs/ /ˌɹɑːɹə ˈeɪvɪs/ /ˌɹɛː-/ /ˌɹɛːɹaɪ-/ /ˌɹɛːɹiː-/ rara avises rarae aves raræ aves n
merle blanc oiseau rare
(figuratively) A rare or unique, and thus outstanding or unusual, person or thing; a rare bird.

rare /ɹɛə(ɹ)/ /ɹɛɚ/ /ɹɛɹ/ [ɹɜɹ] more rare most rare rarer rarest adj
rare peu commun
Very uncommon; scarce.
saignant
(cooking) Particularly of meat, especially beefsteak: cooked very lightly, so the meat is still red.

rare earth rare earths n
terre rare
(chemistry) Any of the naturally occurring oxides of the lanthanide metals; they are widely distributed in relatively small concentrations and are used in glassmaking, ceramic glazes etc.

rare earth element rare earth elements n
terre rare
(chemistry) Any of a group of seventeen soft, lustrous, sometimes magnetic metals that form trivalent salts; they include the lanthanides plus yttrium, scandium, thorium and sometimes zirconium.

rarefied more rarefied most rarefied adj
raréfié
(of a gas etc.) Less dense than usual; thin.

rarely /ɹeə.liː/ /ɹeəɹliː/ /ˈɹɛəɹli/ /ˈɹɛːli/ more rarely most rarely rarelier rareliest adv
rarement
Not occurring at a regular interval; seldom; not often. [from 16th c.]

rarity /ˈɹæ.ɹɪ.tɪ/ /ˈɹɛə.ɹə.ti/ /ˈɹɛɹ.ə.ti/ rarities n
rareté
A measure of the scarcity of an object.
A rare object.

rascal /ˈɹæskl̩/ /ˈɹɑːskl̩/ more rascal most rascal adj
ordinaire
(archaic) Low; lowly, part of or belonging to the common rabble.

rascal /ˈɹæskl̩/ /ˈɹɑːskl̩/ rascals n
racaille
A dishonest person; a rogue, a scoundrel, a trickster.
coquin canaille crapule fripouille fripon filou
Sometimes diminutive: a cheeky person or creature; a troublemaker.

rash /ɹæʃ/ rasher rashest adj
hâtif impulsif
Acting too quickly without considering the consequences and risks; not careful; hasty.

rash /ɹæʃ/ rashes n
éruption éruption cutanée irritation (de la peau)
(dermatology, symptom) An area of inflamed and irritated skin characterized by reddened spots that may be filled with fluid or pus; also, preceded by a descriptive word (rare, or, obsolete) , an illness characterized by a type of rash.
flambée épidémie
An outbreak or surge in problems; a spate, string, or trend.

rasher /ˈɹæʃə(ɹ)/ rashers n
tranche de bacon
(UK, Ireland) A strip of bacon; a piece of bacon.

rashly more rashly most rashly adv
imprudemment étourdiment
In a rash manner; hastily or without due consideration; with precipitation.

rashness rashnesses n
irréflexion témérité
The quality of state of being rash; inconsiderate or presumptuous haste

rasorial /ɹəˈsɔːɹɪəl/ more rasorial most rasorial adj
grattage grattage du sol
Scratching the ground for food, as domestic fowl or other gallinaceous birds.

rasp /ɹæsp/ /ɹɑːsp/ rasps n
râpe râpement
A coarse file, on which the cutting prominences are distinct points raised by the oblique stroke of a sharp punch, instead of lines raised by a chisel, as on the true file.
râpement
The sound made by this tool when used, or any similar sound.

rasp /ɹæsp/ /ɹɑːsp/ v
grincer
râper
(intransitive) To make a noise similar to the one a rasp makes in use; to utter rasps.

raspberry /ˈɹæzbɹi/ /ˈɹæzˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/ raspberrier raspberriest adj
framboise
Containing or having the flavor/flavour of raspberries.

raspberry /ˈɹæzbɹi/ /ˈɹæzˌbɛɹi/ /ˈɹɑːzb(ə)ɹi/ raspberries n
framboisier framboise
The plant Rubus idaeus.
framboise framboisier
The juicy aggregate fruit of these plants.
framboise
A red colour, the colour of a ripe raspberry.

raspy /ˈɹæsp.i/ /ˈɹɑː.spɪ/ raspier raspiest adj
râpe râpeux
(of sound, especially vocal quality) Rough, raw.

rassemblement rassemblements n
rassemblement
(fencing) The bringing together of both feet, with the body upright, in order to outreach an opponent.

rassolnik rassolniks n
rassolnik
A soup in Russian cuisine made from pickled cucumbers.

rasta rastas n
rasta
(informal) Rastafarian

raster graphics n
carte de points image matricielle
(computing) A data file or structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of colour, on a computer monitor, paper, or other display medium.

rat /ɹæt/ rats n
rat rat d'égout rat gris rat noir surmulot souris
(zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.

rat /ɹæt/ v
balancer cafter moucharder
(intransitive, with on or out) To inform on someone; to betray someone to the police or authorities. [from 20th c.]

rat king rat kings n
roi de rats
A conglomeration of rats whose tails have become knotted or stuck together.

rat out v
dénoncer
(slang, derogatory, transitive) To inform authorities (about someone); to tell on (somebody).

rat poison rat poisons n
mort-aux-rats raticide
Poison used to kill rats and other rodents.

rat race rat races n
course folle
(informal) An activity or situation which is congested with participants and which is hectic or tedious, especially in the context of a busy, modern urban lifestyle.

rat-tat-tat rat-tat-tats n
toc
Such a sound.

ratafia /ˌɹætəˈfiːə/ ratafias n
ratafia
A liqueur or cordial flavored with peach or cherry kernels, bitter almonds, or other fruits.

ratany ratanies n
ratanhia
Alternative form of rhatany

ratatouille /ɹæt.əˈtuː.i/ /ɹæt.əˈtwiː/ ratatouilles n
ratatouille
A traditional French Provençal stewed vegetable dish consisting primarily of tomatoes, zucchini and eggplant.

ratchet /ˈɹæt͡ʃɪt/ ratchets n
rochet
A pawl, click, or detent for holding or propelling a ratchet wheel, or ratch, etc.

ratchet wrench ratchet wrenches n
clé à cliquet clé à douille
A wrench, implementing a ratchet mechanism, usually used with a set of sockets to engage the head of a bolt or similar.

rate /ɹeɪt/ rates n
proportion
taux
The proportional relationship between one amount, value etc. and another. [from 15th c.]
coût
The price of (an individual) thing; cost. [from 16th c.]

rate /ɹeɪt/ v
coter
(transitive) To assign or be assigned a particular rank or level.

rate of climb rates of climb n
vitesse ascensionnelle vitesse d'ascension
(aviation) The rate at which an aircraft gains altitude. A negative rate of climb implies descent.

rather /ˈɹaː.ðə/ /ˈɹæ.ðə/ /ˈɹæðɚ/ /ˈɹɑː.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌ.ðə(ɹ)/ /ˌɹɑːˈðɜː(ɹ)/ adv
plutôt
Used to specify a choice or preference; preferably, in preference to. (Now usually followed by than) [from 9th c.]
(degree) Somewhat, quite; to an unexpected degree. [from 16th c.]
au contraire
(conjunctive) Used to introduce a contradiction; on the contrary. [from 14th c.]

rather than preposition
au lieu de plus que à la place de
instead of; in preference to.

rathole ratholes n
nid à rats trou à rats
A particularly squalid human residence or other place.

ratification ratifications n
ratification
The act or process of ratifying, or the state of being ratified.

ratify /ˈɹætəfaɪ/ /ˈɹætɪfaɪ/ v
ratifier
(transitive) To give formal consent to; make officially valid, sign off on.

rating /ˈɹeɪtɪŋ/ [ˈɹeɪɾɪŋ] ratings n
notation
A position on a scale.
notation rating évaluation
An evaluation of status, especially of financial status.

ratio /ˈɹeɪ.si.əʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃi.əʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃiˌoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃoʊ/ /ˈɹeɪ.ʃəʊ/ ratios n
ratio rapport
A number representing a comparison between two named things.
rapport
(arithmetic) The relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient).

ratiocination /ɹætiˌɑsiˈneɪʃn̩/ /ɹætɪˌɒsɪˈneɪʃn̩/ /ɹæʃi-/ ratiocinations n
raisonnement
Reasoning, conscious deliberate inference; the activity or process of reasoning.

ratiocinative /ˌɹæʃ.ɪˈɑ.səˌneɪ.tɪv/ more ratiocinative most ratiocinative adj
ratiocinatif
Pertaining to or characterized by ratiocination, discursive thinking, or inferential knowledge.

ration /ˈɹæʃən/ rations n
ration
A portion of some limited resource allocated to a person or group.

ration /ˈɹæʃən/ v
rationner
(transitive) To portion out (especially during a shortage of supply); to limit access to.

ration stamp ration stamps n
ticket de rationnement

rational /ˈɹæʃ(ə)nəl/ more rational most rational adj
raisonnable rationnel
Logically sound; not self-contradictory or otherwise absurd.
rationnel rationnelle
(mathematics, arithmetic, number theory, not comparable) Of a number, capable of being expressed as the ratio of two integers.
(mathematics, arithmetic, not comparable) Of an algebraic expression, capable of being expressed as the ratio of two polynomials.

rational number rational numbers n
nombre rationnel
(mathematics) A number that can be expressed as the ratio of two integers.

rationale /ˌɹæʃ.əˈnæl/ /ˌɹæʃ.əˈnɑːl/ rationales rationalia n
raison
An explanation of the basis or fundamental reasons for something.
rational surhuméral
(rare, religion) A liturgical vestment worn by some Christian bishops of various denominations.
justification raison
A justification or rationalization for something.

rationalism rationalisms n
rationalisme
(philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.

rationality rationalities n
rationalité
The quality or state of being rational; due exercise of reason; reasonableness.

rationalization rationalizations n
rationalisation
The process or result of rationalizing.
A statement of one's motives, or of the causes of some event.
A reorganization of a company or organization in order to improve its efficiency.
(mathematics) The simplification of an expression without changing its value.

rationalize v
rationaliser
To make something rational or more rational.
To justify an immoral act, or illogical behaviour. “The process of thought by which one justifies a discreditable act, and by which one offers to oneself and the world a better motive for one's action than the true motive”

rationally more rationally most rationally adv
rationnellement
In a rational manner

rationing rationings n
rationnement
Controlled distribution of scarce resources such as food or fuel; used typically in wartime.

ratite /ˈɹætaɪt/ ratites n
ratite
A bird of the order of Struthioniformes, a diverse group of large running, flightless birds, mostly extinct, but including the cassowary, elephant bird, emu, kiwi, moa, ostrich, rhea and tinamou

ratline /ˈɹætlɪn/ ratlines n
enfléchure
(nautical) Any of the cross ropes between the shrouds, which form a net-like ropework, allowing sailors to climb up towards the top of the mast. [from 17th c.]

rats /ɹæts/ interjection
zut flute peste
(informal) Expression of annoyance or disgust; damn, darn. [from 1886]

rattail /ˈɹæt.teɪl/ rattails n
queue de rat grenadier
Any of the large dark-colored deep-sea fish of the Macrouridae family of ray-finned fish.
queue-de-rat
A hairstyle characterized by a long lock of tail-like hair dangling from the back of the head.

rattan /ɹəˈtan/ /ɹəˈtæn/ /ˈɹatan/ rattans n
rotin
Any of several species of climbing palm of the genus Calamus.
(by extension) A cane made from this material.

rattle /ˈɹæ.təl/ [ˈɹæ.tɫ̩] rattles n
hochet crécelle
A baby’s toy designed to make sound when shaken, usually containing loose grains or pellets in a hollow container. [from 16th c.]
râle
(zoology) The set of rings at the end of a rattlesnake's tail which produce a rattling sound. [from 17th c.]
(onomatopoeia) A rapid succession of percussive sounds, as made by loose objects shaking or vibrating against one another. [from 16th c.]
A rough noise produced in the throat by air passing through obstructed airways; croup; a death rattle. [from 18th c.]
bruit cliquetis crépitement
Rattling sound.

rattle /ˈɹæ.təl/ [ˈɹæ.tɫ̩] v
s’entrechoquer
cliqueter
(transitive, ergative) To create a rattling sound by shaking or striking.
inquiéter
(transitive, figurative, informal) To scare, startle, unsettle, or unnerve.
faire s'entrechoquer râler
(intransitive) To make a rattling noise; to make noise by or from shaking.
gronder houspiller tancer
(transitive, obsolete) To scold; to rail at.

rattlesnake /ˈɹæt.əlˌsneɪk/ rattlesnakes n
serpent à sonnettes crotale
Any of various venomous American snakes, of genera Crotalus and Sistrurus, having a rattle at the end of its tail.

rattlesnake root rattlesnake roots n
prénanthe
(botany) A plant of the genus Prenanthes.

rattletrap rattletraps n
tacot tas de ferraille teuf-teuf
(informal) A mechanical device, particularly an automobile, that is worn out, run down, or mechanically unreliable as indicated by noises it makes in operation.

rattrap rattraps n
piège à rats ratière
A device (trap) used to catch rats.

raucous /ˈɹɑkəs/ /ˈɹɔkəs/ /ˈɹɔːkəs/ more raucous most raucous adj
rauque
Harsh and rough-sounding.
chahuteur tapageur
Disorderly and boisterous.

ravage /ˈɹævɪd͡ʒ/ v
ravager
(transitive) To devastate, destroy or lay waste to something.

rave /ɹeɪv/ raves n
rave
An all-night dance party with electronic dance music (techno, trance, drum and bass etc.) in small unknown clubs.

ravelin ravelins n
ravelin
An outwork. A fortification outside a castle used to split an attacking force; composed of two faces, forming a salient angle whose gorge resembles a half-moon

raven /ˈɹeɪvən/ adj
noir corbeau
Of the color of the raven; jet-black

raven /ˈɹeɪvən/ ravens n
grand corbeau corbeau
(countable) Any of several, generally large and lustrous black species of birds in the genus Corvus, especially the common raven, Corvus corax.

ravenous /ˈɹævənəs/ more ravenous most ravenous adj
affamé vorace avide
Very hungry.
avide
Grasping; characterized by strong desires.

ravenous hunger n
faim de loup
(This entry is a translation hub.)

ravine /ɹəˈviːn/ ravines n
ravin
A deep narrow valley or gorge in the earth's surface worn by running water.

raving /ˈɹeɪvɪŋ/ ravings n
divagation divagations
(usually, in the plural) Wild, incoherent, or irrational talk.

ravioli raviolis n
raviole
Small square parcels of pasta filled with meat, cheese, spinach etc.

raviolo ravioli n
raviole
(chiefly, in the plural) A single, large parcel of pasta with a filling, served with a sauce.

ravish /ˈɹæ.vɪʃ/ v
ravir
(obsolete, or, archaic) To seize and carry away by violence; to snatch by force.
(transitive, usually, passive) To transport with joy or delight; to delight to ecstasy.

ravishing more ravishing most ravishing adj
ravissant
Extremely beautiful

raw /ɹɑ/ /ɹɔ/ /ɹɔː/ rawer rawest adj
cru
(cooking) (of food) Not cooked. [from 9th c.]
brut
Not treated or processed; in a natural state, unrefined, unprocessed. [from 10th c.] (of materials, products, etc.)
(statistics, of data) Uncorrected, without analysis. [from 20th c.]
nu
(obsolete) Not covered; bare; bald.

raw material raw materials n
matière première
A material in its unprocessed, natural state considered usable for manufacture.
(figuratively) Any physical product serving as input to a factory or other installation which processes it.

rax /ɹæks/ v
tendre
(UK, dialectal, Northern England, Scotland, transitive) To extend the hand to; hand or pass something.
s'étirer étendre ses membres
(UK, dialectal, chiefly, Scotland, intransitive) To stretch after sleep.

ray /ɹeɪ/ rays n
raie
A marine fish with a flat body, large wing-like fins, and a whip-like tail.
rayon
(botany) A radiating part of a flower or plant; the marginal florets of a compound flower, such as an aster or a sunflower; one of the pedicels of an umbel or other circular flower cluster; radius.
demi-droite rayon
(mathematics) A line extending indefinitely in one direction from a point.

ray of sunshine rays of sunshine n
rayon de soleil
(figurative, endearing) A person (or thing) that brings happiness into the lives of others.

rayon /ˈɹeɪɒn/ rayons n
rayonne
A manufactured regenerated cellulosic fiber.

raze /ɹeɪz/ v
raser
(transitive) To demolish; to level to the ground.

razor /ˈɹeɪzə/ /ˈɹeɪzɚ/ razors n
rasoir
A keen-edged knife of peculiar shape, used in shaving the hair from the face or other parts of the body.
Any tool or instrument designed for shaving.

razor blade razor blades n
lame de rasoir
A replaceable cartridge in which razor blades are set, fitted into a razor.

razor clam razor clams n
couteau solen
A clam of several species in superfamily Solenoidea, with long curved shells resembling straight razors.

razor wire razor wires n
barbelés coupants
A form of securing wire similar to barbed wire, but with a series of short blades instead of barbs. Also, a length thereof.

razor's edge n
être sur le fil du rasoir
(figurative) A dangerous or precarious situation.

razorbill razorbills n
pingouin
A large black and white auk, Alca torda, native to the north Atlantic.

re /ɹeɪ/ n
ré
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the second note of a major scale.

re- /ɹiː/ /ɹə/ /ɹɪ/ prefix
re- r- ré-
again, anew

re-electability n
rééligibilité

re-electable more re-electable most re-electable adj
rééligible

re-evaluate /ɹiːɪˈvæljuːeɪt/ v
réévaluer
(transitive) To evaluate again; reassess; revisit; reconsider.

re-lay /ˌɹiˈleɪ/ /ˌɹiːˈleɪ/ v
remettre
(transitive) To lay (for example, flooring or railroad track) again.

reach /ɹiːt͡ʃ/ reaches n
atteinte
The ability to reach or touch with the person, a limb, or something held or thrown.
portée
Extent; stretch; expanse; hence, application; influence; result; scope.
allonge
(boxing) The distance a boxer's arm can extend to land a blow.
bief
(nautical) A stretch of a watercourse which can be sailed in one reach (in the previous sense). An extended portion of water; a stretch; a straightish portion of a stream, river, or arm of the sea extending up into the land, as from one turn to another. By extension, the adjacent land.

reach /ɹiːt͡ʃ/ v
atteindre arriver à
(transitive) To give to someone by stretching out a limb, especially the hand; to give with the hand; to pass to another person; to hand over.
(transitive, by extension) To extend an action, effort, or influence to; to penetrate to; to pierce, or cut.
atteindre
(transitive) To extend to; to stretch out as far as; to touch by virtue of extent.

reach for the stars v
avoir de hautes ambitions tirer des plans sur la comète vouloir décrocher la lune
To have high hopes; to be ambitious.

reach out v
tendre la main
(intransitive) To extend one's hand(s) forward; to reach for something.
(intransitive, originally, business, followed by to) To attempt to initiate communication with someone; to contact.
demander de l’aide
(intransitive) To ask for help.

reachable more reachable most reachable adj
accessible joignable
Within easy reach; accessible

react /ɹiːˈækt/ v
agir de nouveau encore agir
(transitive, now, rare) To act or perform a second time; to do over again; to reenact. [from 17th c.]
réagir
(physics, intransitive) To return an impulse or impression; to resist the action of another body by an opposite force
(chemistry, intransitive) To act upon each other; to exercise a reciprocal or a reverse effect, as two or more chemical agents; to act in opposition.
(chemistry, transitive) To cause chemical agents to react; to cause one chemical agent to react with another.

reactant reactants n
réactif
(chemistry) Any of the participants present at the start of a chemical reaction, specifically one that is consumed during the reaction.

reaction /ɹiˈækʃən/ reactions n
réaction
An action or statement in response to a stimulus or other event.
(chemistry) A transformation in which one or more substances is converted into another by combination or decomposition.

reactionary /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/ more reactionary most reactionary adj
réactionnaire
(politics) Favoring a return to an alleged golden age of the past; anti-progressive.
(chemistry) Of, pertaining to, participating in, or inducing a chemical reaction.
In reaction to; as a result of.

reactionary /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.t͡ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃəˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈæk.ʃɪˌnɛɚ.i/ /ɹiˈækʃən(ə)ɹi/ reactionaries n
réactionnaire
(politics) One who is opposed to progress and change and wants to reverse it, wishing for a return to an alleged golden age of the past.

reactionaryism n
réactionnarisme réactionnisme
(politics) The advocacy of reactionary political positions.

reactivate v
réactiver
To activate again.

reactivation reactivations n
réactivation
The activation of something previously inactive or inactivated.

reactivity reactivities n
réactivité
(chemistry) relative susceptibility to chemical reaction

reactor /ɹiˈæktɚ/ /ɹiːˈæktə/ reactors n
réacteur
(chemistry, engineering) A structure used to contain chemical or other reactions.
(nuclear physics) A device which uses atomic energy to produce heat.
réactif
(chemistry) A chemical substance which responds to the presence of, or contact with, another substance.

read /ɹid/ /ɹiːd/ reads n
lecture
A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data.

read /ɹid/ /ɹiːd/ v
lire
(transitive, or, intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.
(transitive, or, intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. (often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object)
(transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc., from.
se lire lire
(ergative) Of text, etc., to be interpreted or read in a particular way.
étudier lire
(transitive, frequently, _, jocular) To substitute (a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one); used to introduce an emendation of a text.
recevoir
(transitive, telecommunications) To be able to hear what another person is saying over a radio connection.

read between the lines v
lire entre les lignes
(idiomatic) To infer a meaning that is not stated explicitly.

read like a book v
lire en quelqu'un comme dans un livre ouvert

read someone the riot act v
chanter la messe en breton rappeler à l'ordre
(idiomatic) To scold or berate somebody; to reprimand.

read someone's mind v
lire dans les pensées
(idiomatic) To guess or deduce what someone is thinking.

read-only adj
en lecture seule
(computing) Unalterable, capable of being read but not written.

read-only memory read-only memories n
mémoire ROM mémoire fixe mémoire morte mémoire à lecture seule
(computing) A computer memory chip that stores values but does not allow updates, in which the values are nonvolatile in that they are retained even when the computer is unpowered.

read-write adj
en lecture-écriture
(computing) Supporting both read and write operations.

readability /ˌɹiːdəˈbɪlɪti/ readabilities n
lisibilité
The property of being capable of being read; legibility.

reader /ˈɹidɚ/ /ˈɹiːdə/ readers n
lecteur lectrice
A person who reads a publication.

readership readerships n
lectorat
The collected readers of a publication.

readily /ˈɹɛdɪli/ more readily most readily readilier readiliest adv
facilement volontiers
Without unwillingness or hesitation; showing readiness.
aisément
Without impediment, easily.

readiness /ˈɹɛd.i.nəs/ readinesses n
préparation
The state or degree of being ready; preparedness.

reading /ˈɹidiŋ/ /ˈɹiːdɪŋ/ [ˈɹiɾiŋ] [ˈɹiːɾɪŋ] readings n
lecture
The process of interpreting written language.
An event at which written material is read aloud.

reading comprehension n
compréhension à la lecture compréhension écrite
The ability to understand written language.

reading glasses n
lunettes de lecture
Any type of spectacles intended chiefly to deal with the effects of presbyopia by magnifying details such as fine text.

reading material reading materials n
matériel de lecture
Anything produced for the purpose of being read; a collective term for books, magazines, newspapers, etc.

reading room reading rooms n
salle de lecture
A dedicated space in a library, or similar institution of learning, set aside for reading.

readjust v
rajuster réadapter réajuster rééquilibrer
To adjust again.

readjustment readjustments n
réajustement
A second or subsequent adjustment.

readme readmes n
lisezmoi readme
(computing) A text file meant to be read before taking any significant action with the items it accompanies.

readmit v
réadmettre
To admit, or allow to enter, again.

ready /ˈɹɛd.i/ readier readiest adj
prêt prête
Prepared for immediate action or use.

ready /ˈɹɛd.i/ v
rendre disponible
(transitive) To prepare; to make ready for action.

ready meal ready meals n
plat préparé
A prepackaged, fresh or frozen meal that only requires heating (often in a microwave) before being served, sometimes in its own packaging.

ready, aim, fire interjection
prêts, visez, feu
A sequence of commands used to order soldiers to carefully fire their weapons

ready-made more ready-made most ready-made adj
tout fait
(uncomparable) Made in advance to a standard specification.

reagent /ɹi.ˈeɪ.d͡ʒənt/ reagents n
réactif
(chemistry) A compound or mixture of compounds used to treat or test materials, samples, other compounds or reactants in a laboratory or sometimes an industrial setting.

real /ɹiːl/ /ɹɪə̯l/ /ˈɹi.jəl/ /ˈɹiːəl/ more real most real realer realest adj
vrai réel
True, genuine, not merely nominal or apparent.
That has objective, physical existence.
vrai
Genuine, not artificial, counterfeit, or fake.
Genuine, unfeigned, sincere.
Absolute, complete, utter.
réel
(mathematics, of a number) Being either a rational number, or the limit of a convergent infinite sequence of rational numbers: being one of a set of numbers with a one-to-one correspondence to the points on a line.

real /ɹeɪˈɑl/ /ɹeɪˈɑːl/ reais reals n
réal
Former unit of currency of Spain and Spain's colonies.
A unit of currency used in Brazil since 1994. Symbol: R$.

real analysis n
analyse réelle
(mathematics) The branch of mathematics dealing with the real numbers and related structures.

real axis real axes n
axe réel
(mathematics) The horizontal line in the complex plane, every point on which corresponds to a real number

real estate /ˈɹiːl əˌsteɪt/ n
immobilier bien immobilier
(US, Canada, Australia) Property that cannot easily be moved, usually buildings and the ground they are built on.

real life real lives n
vie réelle vraie vie
Life outside of a contrived or fantastical environment; often used in comparison to events depicted in drama.

real number real numbers n
nombre réel
(mathematics) The limit of a convergent sequence of rational numbers, whether the limit is a rational number such as 2, -5, or 2/7 or whether the limit is an irrational number such as the square root of two or the circumference of the circle whose radius is one.

real part real parts n
partie réelle
(complex analysis) Of a complex number a + bi, the value a.

real socialism n
socialisme réel
pragmatic socialism, practical socialism, a form of socialism which attempts to reach tangible goals perceived to be feasible instead of primarily focusing on adherence to Marxist-Leninist theory.

real tennis n
courte-paume jeu de courte-paume jeu de paume
(retronym) an indoor racket sport from which the modern game of tennis (lawn tennis) is descended

real time /ˈɹiːl ˈtaɪm/ /ˈɹiːəl ˈtaɪm/ n
temps réel
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see real,‎ time.

real world real worlds n
monde réel vraie vie
The realm of human experience comprising physical objects, and excluding theoretical constructs, hypotheses, artificial environments, and "virtual" worlds such as the Internet, computer simulations, or the imagination.

real-time /ˈɹiːltaɪm/ /ˈɹiːəltaɪm/ adj
temps réel
(computing) Of a system: that responds to events or signals within a predictable time after their occurrence; specifically the response time must be within the maximum allowed, but is typically synchronous.

realgar /ɹiˈæl.ɡɑɹ/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡɑː/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡə/ /ɹiˈæl.ɡɚ/ realgars n
réalgar
(mineral) A mineral, arsenic sulfide (AsS), often associated with orpiment and stibnite in lead, silver and gold ores.

realia /ɹeɪˈɑːlɪə/ /ɹiːˈeɪlɪə/ n
realia
Objects from real life or from the real world, as opposed to theoretical constructs or fabricated examples.

realism /ˈɹi.əlɪzm/ realisms n
réalisme
A concern for fact or reality and rejection of the impractical and visionary.

realist /ˈɹɪəlɪst/ realists n
réaliste
(philosophy) An advocate of realism; one who believes that matter, objects etc. have real existence beyond our perception of them.
One who believes in seeing things the way they really are, as opposed to how they would like them to be.

realistic /ˌɹiːjəˈlɪstɪk/ /ˌɹɪəˈlɪstɪk/ more realistic most realistic adj
réaliste
Expressed or represented as being accurate, practicable, or not idealistic.
Relating to the representation of objects, actions or conditions as they actually are or were.

realistically more realistically most realistically adv
réalistement
In a realistic manner.

reality /ɹiˈæləti/ /ɹiˈælɪti/ realities n
réalité
The state of being actual or real; realness.
The entirety of all that is real.
An individual observer's own subjective perception of that which is real.
vérité réalité
A real entity, event, or other fact.

reality check reality checks n
confrontation avec la réalité
A check or review to make sure something is consistent, reasonable, etc.
piqûre de rappel rappel à la réalité
(idiomatic) A wake-up call; a reminder.

reality principle n
principe de réalité
(psychology, psychoanalysis, Freudianism, often hyphenated when used attributively) The mental mechanism which guides a person, as he or she matures, in adapting to and coping with the real, external world, by suppressing or deferring the childish gratification-seeking desires of the id.

reality show reality shows n
reality show télévérité émission de téléréalité
A reality television program.

reality television n
téléréalité
(television) A genre of television programming portraying one or more people who are not professional actors and depicting their reactions to given stimuli or goals.

realizable /ˌɹi.əˈlaɪz.ə.bl̩/ /ˌɹɪəˈlaɪz.ə.bl̩/ more realizable most realizable adj
réalisable
Capable of being realized (made real) or achieved.

realization /-laɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɹiə-/ /ˌɹiəlɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌɹɪəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ realizations n
connaissance
An act of figuring out or becoming aware.
réalisation
The act of making real.

realize /ˈɹi.ə.laɪz/ /ˈɹɪə.laɪz/ v
réaliser
(slightly formal, transitive) To make real; to convert from the imaginary or fictitious into reality; to bring into real existence
(transitive) To cause to seem real to other people.
réaliser se rendre compte prendre conscience
(transitive) To become aware of (a fact or situation, especially of something that has been true for a long time).
(transitive, business) To acquire as an actual possession; to obtain as the result of plans and efforts; to gain; to get

reallocate v
réaffecter réallouer
(transitive) To allocate (a resource) to another person or purpose.

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] more really most really adv
vraiment
(modal) Actually; in fact; in reality.
(informal, as an intensifier) Very (modifying an adjective); very much (modifying a verb).

really /ˈɹeɪlɪ/ /ˈɹi.əli/ /ˈɹili/ /ˈɹɪli/ /ˈɹɪə.li/ /ˈɹɪə.liː/ [-li] [ˈɹʷeə̯ɫiː] [ˈɹʷiə̯-] [ˈɹʷɪə̯lɪ] [ˈɹʷɪː-] interjection
ah bon ? vraiment ?
(informal) Indicating surprise at, or requesting confirmation of, some new information; to express skepticism.

realm /ɹɛlm/ realms n
domaine
The domain of a certain abstraction.
royaume
(formal, or, legal) A territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.

realpolitik /ɹeɪˈɑlpoʊlɪˌtik/ /ɹeɪˈɑːlpɒlɪˌtiːk/ /ɹiˈɑlpoʊlɪˌtik/ realpolitiks n
realpolitik réal-politique réalpolitik réalpolitique
(politics) Pragmatic government policy concerned with perceived interests of the state.

realtor /ˈɹi(ə)l.tɔɹ/ /ˈɹi(ə)l.təɹ/ [ˈɹilə.tɚ] realtors n
agent immobilier agente immobilière
(North America) A person or business that sells or leases out real estate, acting as an agent for the property owner.

ream /ɹiːm/ reams n
rame rame de papier ramette
A bundle, package, or quantity of paper, nowadays usually containing 500 sheets.

ream /ɹiːm/ v
aléser
(transitive) To enlarge (a hole), especially using a reamer; to bore (a hole) wider.

reamer /ˈɹi.məɹ/ reamers n
alésoir presse-citron
A tool for boring a hole wider.
grattoir
A tool used to scrape carbon deposit from the bowl of a pipe.

reanimate /ɹiˈænəmeɪt/ /ɹiˈænɪmeɪt/ v
réanimer
To restore to animation or life.
to put new animation (pictures) into.

reanimation reanimations n
réanimation
The act of reanimating; a second or subsequent animation.

reannex v
réannexer

reap /ɹip/ /ɹiːp/ v
faucher
(transitive) To cut (for example a grain) with a sickle, scythe, or reaping machine

reap what one sows /ˌɹip wɑt wʌn ˈsoʊz/ /ˌɹiːp (h)wɒt wʌn ˈsəʊz/ v
qui sème le vent récolte la tempête récolter ce qu’on a semé
(intransitive, idiomatic) To receive as a return or reward in the same measure as one's exertions or intentions, in a good or a bad sense; to receive justice or one's just deserts.

reaper /ˈɹiːpɚ/ reapers n
moissonneur récolteur
One who reaps; a person employed to harvest crops from the fields by reaping.

reappear v
reparaître réapparaître
To appear again.

reappearance reappearances n
réapparition
The act of appearing again following absence.

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ adj
postérieur arrière
Being behind, or in the hindmost part; hindmost

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ rears n
arrière
arrière-garde derrière
(military) Specifically, the part of an army or fleet which comes last, or is stationed behind the rest.
derrière
(anatomy) The buttocks or bottom.

rear /ɹɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ɹɪə/ v
élever
(transitive) To bring up to maturity, as offspring; to educate; to instruct; to foster.
édifier élever ériger
(transitive, literary) To raise physically or metaphorically; to lift up; to cause to rise, to elevate.

rear admiral rear admirals n
contre-amiral
(military, nautical) A naval officer below the rank of vice admiral, originally in charge of a fleet's rear formation.

rear end rear ends n
arrière
The back or hindmost part of anything, such as a car.
arrière-train derrière fesses
(slang) The buttocks.

rear-view mirror rear-view mirrors n
rétroviseur intérieur rétroviseur
A mirror inside a vehicle that allows the driver to see the traffic behind.

rearguard /ˈɹɪəɹˌɡɑɹd/ rearguards n
arrière-garde
(military) The rearmost part of a force, especially a detachment of troops that protect the rear of a retreating force.

rearm v
réarmer
To replace or restore the weapons or arms of a previously defeated, or disarmed army, country, person or other body.

rearmament rearmaments n
réarmement
The process of rearming.

rearrange /ˌɹiːəˈɹeɪndʒ/ v
réarranger réorganiser
(transitive) To change the order or arrangement of (one or more items).

rearrange someone's face v
refaire le portrait

rearrangement rearrangements n
réarrangement
(chemistry) A rearrangement reaction.

reason /ˈɹiːzən/ reasons n
raison cause
An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
raison
(uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.

reasonable /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bəl/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bəl/ [ˈɹɪiz.nə.bəl] more reasonable most reasonable adj
raisonnable correct juste
Just; fair; agreeable to reason.
satisfaisant
Satisfactory.

reasonable person reasonable people reasonable persons n
personne raisonnable
(legal) A fictional person used as a comparative legal standard to represent an average member of society and how he or she would behave or think, especially in determining negligence; sometimes formulated as "a person of ordinary prudence exercising due care in like circumstances."

reasonableness /ˈɹiː.zə.nə.bəl.nəs/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bəl.nəs/ [ˈɹɪiz.nə.bəl.nəs] reasonablenesses n
modération
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being reasonable.

reasonably /ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/ /ˈɹiːz.nə.bli/ more reasonably most reasonably adv
raisonnablement
In accordance with reason.
Fairly; satisfactorily; not extremely.
justement
Quite; fairly; satisfactorily.

reasoning /ˈɹiːzənɪŋ/ reasonings n
raisonnement
(uncountable) The deduction of inferences or interpretations from premises, abstract thought, ratiocination; (countable) any instance of this, especially as a process leading to an action, motive.

reassemble v
rassembler reconstruire
to assemble again

reassure /ɹiəˈʃʊə(ɹ)/ /ɹiəˈʃʊɹ/ v
rassurer réassurer tranquilliser
(transitive) To assure anew; to restore confidence to; to free from fear or self-doubt.

reassuring /ɹiːəˈʃɔːɹɪŋ/ more reassuring most reassuring adj
rassurant
That reassures; causing comfort or confidence.

reattachment reattachments n
recollement
The act of reattaching; a second or subsequent attachment.

rebandage v
rebander
To bandage again; to apply a further bandage.

rebaptize v
rebaptiser
(transitive) To baptize again.

rebar /ˈɹiː.bɑː(ɹ)/ rebars n
barre d’armature fer à béton
(countable) A steel reinforcing bar in a reinforced concrete structure.

rebate /ɹəˈbeɪt/ /ˈɹiːbeɪt/ rebates n
rabais
A deduction from an amount that is paid; an abatement.
remise
The return of part of an amount already paid.

rebel /ˈɹɛbəl/ rebels n
rebelle
A person who resists an established authority, often violently.

rebel /ɹɪˈbɛl/ v
rebeller
(intransitive) To resist or become defiant toward an authority.

rebelieve v
recroire
(transitive) To believe again.

rebellion /ɹɪˈbɛl.i.ən/ rebellions n
rébellion
(uncountable) Armed resistance to an established government or ruler.
(countable) Defiance of authority or control; the act of rebelling.

rebellious /ɹəˈbɛliəs/ /ɹəˈbɛljəs/ more rebellious most rebellious adj
rebelle rétif
Showing rebellion.

rebelliousness n
insoumission
The state of being rebellious.

rebirth /ɹiˈbɜːθ/ /ɹiˈbɝθ/ rebirths n
renaissance
Reincarnation; new birth subsequent to one's first.
Revival, reinvigoration.
Spiritual renewal.

reboot /ɹiːˈbuːt/ /ˈɹiːbuːt/ reboots n
redémarrage
(computing) An instance of rebooting.

reboot /ɹiːˈbuːt/ /ˈɹiːbuːt/ v
redémarrer relancer réinitialiser
(computing, ambitransitive) To execute a computer's boot process, effectively resetting the computer and causing the operating system to reload, possibly after a system failure.

rebound /ɹiˈbaʊnd/ /ˈɹi.baʊnd/ rebounds n
rebond
The recoil of an object bouncing off another.
guérison
A return to health or well-being; a recovery.
rétablissement
An effort to recover from a setback.

rebound /ɹiˈbaʊnd/ /ˈɹi.baʊnd/ v
rebondir
To bound or spring back from a force.
(figuratively) To jump up or get back up again.

rebracketing rebracketings n
mécoupure métanalyse

rebranding rebrandings n
rebranding
The association of a new brand, trademark, image, or appearance with a product or service.

rebreather rebreathers n
recycleur
(underwater diving) A breathing apparatus that recycles expelled air, removing carbon dioxide and thus allowing extended use of a supply of air.

rebroadcast v
rediffuser
To broadcast again.

rebuff /ɹɪˈbʌf/ rebuffs n
rebuffade
A sudden resistance or refusal.

rebuff /ɹɪˈbʌf/ v
refuser rejeter
To refuse; to offer sudden or harsh resistance; to turn down or shut out.

rebuild /ɹiːˈbɪld/ /ˈɹiːbɪld/ v
reconstruire
(ambitransitive) To build again or anew.

rebuilding rebuildings n
réédification
The act of building something again.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ rebukes n
réprimande reproche
(of a person) A harsh criticism.

rebuke /ɹiˈbjuːk/ /ɹɪˈbjuːk/ v
gronder chapitrer reprendre réprimander tancer engueuler
(of a person) To criticise harshly; to reprove.

reburn v
rebrûler

rebus /ˈɹibəs/ /ˈɹiːbəs/ rebi rebuses rebusses n
rébus
An arrangement of pictures, symbols, and/or words representing phrases or words, especially as a word puzzle.

rebut /ɹɪ.ˈbʌt/ v
réfuter
To deny the truth of something, especially by presenting arguments that disprove it.

rebuy /ɹiːˈbaɪ/ v
racheter
To buy again, especially to buy something previously sold (or pawned)

recalcitrant /ɹɪ.ˈkæl.sɪ.tɹənt/ more recalcitrant most recalcitrant adj
récalcitrant

recalculation recalculations n
recalcul
The act of recalculating; a second or subsequent calculation.

recall /ɹiˈkɑl/ /ɹiˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɑl/ /ɹɪˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɔːl/ /ˈɹiˌkɑl/ /ˈɹiˌkɔl/ /ˈɹiːkɔːl/ [ɹiˈkʰɑɫ] [ɹɪˈkʰɑɫ] recalls n
rappel

recall /ɹiˈkɑl/ /ɹiˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɑl/ /ɹɪˈkɔl/ /ɹɪˈkɔːl/ /ˈɹiˌkɑl/ /ˈɹiˌkɔl/ /ˈɹiːkɔːl/ [ɹiˈkʰɑɫ] [ɹɪˈkʰɑɫ] v
rappeler
(transitive) To call back, bring back or summon (someone) to a specific place, station etc. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To request or order the return of (a faulty product). [from 20th c.]
rappeler souvenir se remémorer
(transitive) To call back (a situation, event etc.) to one's mind; to remember, recollect. [from 16th c.]

recallable adj
rappelable souvenable
Capable of being recalled (retrieved from one's memory).
rappelable
Capable of being recalled (brought back from service etc.).

recant /ɹəˈkænt/ v
rétracter retirer se rétracter
(ambitransitive) To withdraw or repudiate a statement or opinion formerly expressed, especially formally and publicly.

recapitulate /ɹiːkəˈpɪtʃʊleɪt/ v
récapituler
(ambitransitive) To summarize or repeat in concise form.

recapitulation /ɹiː.kəˌpɪ.t͡ʃəˈleɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹiːkəˌpɪtjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ recapitulations n
réexposition
(music) The third major section of a musical movement written in sonata form, representing thematic material that originally appeared in the exposition section.
récapitulation
(theology) The symmetry provided by Christ's life to the teachings of the Old Testament; the summation of human experience in Jesus Christ.

recapitulative more recapitulative most recapitulative adj
récapitulatif
Pertaining to, or characterized by recapitulation.

recapture v
capturer de nouveau capturer encore recapturer
To capture something for a second or subsequent time, especially after a loss.

recede /ɹɪˈsiːd/ v
reculer se retirer
To move back; to retreat; to withdraw.

receipt /ɹɪˈsiːt/ receipts n
réception
The act of receiving, or the fact of having been received.
reçu récépissé ticket accusé de réception
A written acknowledgment that a specified article or sum of money has been received.
recette
(obsolete) A receptacle.
(obsolete) Capability of receiving; capacity.
(obsolete) A recess; a retired place.

receipt /ɹɪˈsiːt/ v
quittancer
To give or write a receipt (for something).
To put a receipt on, as by writing or stamping; to mark a bill as having been paid.

receive /ɹɪˈsiːv/ v
recevoir
To take, as something that is offered, given, committed, sent, paid, etc.; to accept; to be given something.
To act as a host for guests; to give admittance to; to permit to enter, as into one's house, presence, company, etc.
(telecommunications) To detect a signal from a transmitter.
(sports) To be in a position to take possession, or hit back the ball.

receiver /ɹəˈsi.vɚ/ /ɹɪˈsiː.və/ receivers n
destinataire récepteur
A person who receives.
receleur
A person who accepts stolen goods. [from 14th c.]
receveur
A person or company appointed to settle the affairs of an insolvent entity. [from 18th c.]
récepteur
Any of several electronic devices that receive electromagnetic waves, or signals transmitted as such. [from 19th c.]
écouteur
The part of a telephone handset contained in the earpiece; (hence) the handset itself; an earpiece. [from 19th c.]

receivership receiverships n
mise sous séquestre
(legal) The state of being under the control of a receiver.
administration-séquestre
(legal, business) A form trusteeship of bankruptcy administration in which a receiver is appointed to run the company for the benefit of the creditors.

recension /ɹɪˈsɛnʃ(ə)n/ [-ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃn̩] [ɹ̠ʷɪ̈ˈsɛ̃n(t̚)ʃə̃n] recensions n
recension
A critical revision of a text.

recent /ˈɹiːsənt/ more recent most recent adj
récent
Having happened a short while ago.

recently /ˈɹiːsəntli/ more recently most recently adv
récemment dernièrement ces derniers temps
In the recent past

recentralization recentralizations n
recentralisation
The return of devolved powers to a central authority

recentralize v
recentraliser
(transitive) To centralize again or anew.

receptacle /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈsɛp.tə.k(ə)l/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə.kl̩/ receptacles n
réceptacle
A container.

reception /ɹɪˈsɛp.ʃn̩/ receptions n
réception accueil
The act of receiving.
(uncountable, electronics) The act or ability to receive radio or similar signals.
A social engagement, usually to formally welcome someone.
The desk of a hotel or office where guests are received.

receptionist /ɹɪˈsɛpʃənɪst/ receptionists n
réceptionniste secrétaire
An employee (such as a secretary) who works in reception (receiving visitors and/or calls) for a person or business, especially an office.

receptive /ɹəˈsɛptɪv/ /ɹɪˈsɛptɪv/ more receptive most receptive adj
réceptif
Ready to receive something, especially new concepts or ideas.

receptiveness receptivenesses n
réceptivité
the characteristic of being receptive

receptivity receptivities n
réceptivité
(uncountable) The state of being receptive.

receptor /ɹɪˈsɛp.tə/ /ɹɪˈsɛp.tɚ/ receptors n
récepteur
(biochemistry, medicine) A protein on a cell wall that binds with specific molecules so that they can be absorbed into the cell in order to control certain functions.
(biology) Any specialized cell or structure that responds to sensory stimuli.

recess /ɹiˈsɛs/ /ɹəˈsɛs/ /ɹɪˈsɛs/ /ˈɹiˌsɛs/ /ˈɹiːsɛs/ recesses n
pause récré récréation
(Australia, Britain, North America, education) A time away from studying during the school day for a meal or recreation.
vacance
(government) A period of time when the proceedings of a committee, court of law, parliament, or other official body are temporarily suspended.
vacances
(countable) A temporary stoppage of an activity; a break, a pause.
recès
(countable, historical) A decree or resolution of the diet of the Holy Roman Empire or the Hanseatic League.
recès vacances
(countable) An act of retiring or withdrawing from public life, society, etc.; also, an act of living in retirement or seclusion, or a period of such retirement or seclusion.

recession /ɹɪˈsɛʃn̩/ recessions n
récession
(economics) A period of reduced economic activity

recessive /ɹɪˈsɛsɪv/ more recessive most recessive adj
récessif
(genetics) Able to be masked by a dominant allele or trait.

recharge /ɹiːˈtʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ/ /ˈɹiːtʃɑː(ɹ)dʒ/ v
recharger
(transitive) To charge an electric battery after its power has been consumed.
(transitive) To reload a gun with ammunition.

recharge one's batteries v
recharger ses batteries

rechargeable adj
rechargeable
Able to be recharged, especially of a battery that can be recharged from mains electricity via a charger.

rechew v
remâcher
To chew again.
(figuratively) To go over or ponder again.

rechrome v
rechromer

recidivate v
récidiver
(intransitive) To return to criminal behaviour; to relapse

recidivism recidivisms n
récidive
Committing new offenses after a crime committed in the past.

recidivist /ɹɪˈsɪdəvɪst/ /ɹɪˈsɪdɪvɪst/ recidivists n
récidiviste
One who falls back into prior habits, especially criminal habits.

recipe /ˈɹɛs.ə.pi/ /ˈɹɛs.ɪ.pi/ recipes n
recette
Now especially, a set of instructions for making or preparing food dishes. [from 18th c.]

recipient /ɹəˈsɪp.i.ənt/ /ɹɪ.ˈsɪ.pi.ənt/ recipients n
destinataire receveur receveuse récipiendaire
One who receives.
personne gréffée
(medicine) An individual receiving donor organs or tissues.

reciprocal /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/ adj
réciproque
Of a feeling, action or such: mutual, uniformly felt or done by each party towards the other or others; two-way.

reciprocal /ɹɪˈsɪpɹək(ə)l/ reciprocals n
inverse
(arithmetic) The number obtained by dividing 1 by another given number; the result of exchanging the numerator and the denominator of a fraction.

reciprocal pronoun reciprocal pronouns n
pronom réciproque
(grammar) A pronoun referring to an antecedent in the plural, and expressing a mutual relation.

reciprocally more reciprocally most reciprocally adv
réciproquement
In a reciprocal manner; by way of returning (e.g. a favour, insult, etc).

reciprocate /ɹɪˈsɪpɹəˌkeɪt/ v
donner en retour rendre la pareille réciproquer
(transitive) To exchange two things, with both parties giving one thing and taking another thing.

reciprocation reciprocations n
réciprocité

reciprocity reciprocities n
réciprocité
(grammar) A reciprocal construction involves two noun phrases where each of the participants occupies both the role of agent and patient with respect to the other. see: Wikipedia:Reciprocal pronoun.

recital /ɹɪˈsaɪtl̩/ recitals n
récital
The act of telling the order of events of something in detail the order of events; narration.
A vocal, instrumental or visual performance by a soloist.
considérant
(legal) A formal, preliminary statement in a deed or writing in order to explain the reasons on which the transaction is founded, prior to a positive allegation.

recitation /ˌɹɛsəˈteɪʃən/ recitations n
récitation
The act of publicly reciting something previously memorized.
The material recited.

recitative /ɹɛsɪtəˈtiːv/ /ɹɛˈsaɪtətɪv/ /ˈɹɛsɪteɪtɪv/ recitatives n
récitatif
(music) dialogue, in an opera etc, that, rather than being sung as an aria, is reproduced with the rhythms of normal speech, often with simple musical accompaniment or harpsichord continuo, serving to expound the plot.

recite /ɹɪˈsaɪt/ v
réciter
(transitive) To repeat aloud (some passage, poem or other text previously memorized, or in front of one's eyes), often before an audience.

reciter reciters n
récitateur réciteur
One who recites.

reckless /ˈɹɛkləs/ more reckless most reckless recklesser recklessest adj
insouciant irresponsable
Careless or heedless; headstrong or rash.
téméraire branque
Indifferent or oblivious to danger or the consequences thereof.

reckon /ˈɹɛkən/ v
calculer compter
To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
compter estimer
To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
considérer estimer
(colloquial) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause

reckon with v
régler ses comptes avec
To settle accounts or claims with.
prendre en compte
To take into account.

reckoning /ˈɹɛkn̩ɪŋ/ /ˈɹɛkənɪŋ/ reckonings n
calculer estimer
The action of calculating or estimating something.
règlement de comptes
The working out of consequences or retribution for one's actions.

reclaim /ɹiːˈkleɪm/ /ɹɪˈkleɪm/ /ˈɹiːkleɪm/ v
recouvrer regagner reprendre récupérer
(transitive) To claim something back; to repossess.

recluse /ɹɪˈkluːs/ /ˈɹɛkluːs/ recluses n
reclus recluse
An individual who lives in self-imposed isolation or seclusion from the world, especially for religious purposes; a hermit

recognition /ˌɹɛkəɡˈnɪʃən/ recognitions n
reconnaissance
The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized (matching a current observation with a memory of a prior observation of the same entity).

recognizable more recognizable most recognizable adj
reconnaissable
able to be recognized

recognizably more recognizably most recognizably adv
reconnaissablement
in a recognizable manner

recognize /ˈɹɛk.ən.aɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.əɡ.naɪz/ /ˈɹɛk.ɪɡ.naɪz/ v
reconnaître
(transitive) To match (something or someone which one currently perceives) to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing.
(transitive) To acknowledge the existence or legality of; to treat as valid or worthy of consideration.
(transitive, or with clause) To acknowledge or consider (as being a certain thing or having a certain quality or property).
(transitive) To realize or discover the nature of something; apprehend quality in.

recognized /ˈɹɛkəɡnaɪzd/ more recognized most recognized adj
reconnu
Notable; distinguished; honored.

recoil /ɹɪˈkɔɪl/ /ˈɹiːkɔɪl/ recoils n
recul
(firearms) The energy transmitted back to the shooter from a firearm which has fired. Recoil is a function of the weight of the weapon, the weight of the projectile, and the speed at which it leaves the muzzle.

recoil /ɹɪˈkɔɪl/ /ˈɹiːkɔɪl/ v
reculer
(intransitive) To pull back, especially in disgust, horror or astonishment. [from 16th c.]

recoilless rifle recoilless rifles n
canon sans recul
A lightweight portable weapon capable of firing artillery-type shells, used normally as anti-tank weapon.

recollect /ɹɛkəˈlɛkt/ v
rappeler souvenir
To recall; to collect one's thoughts again, especially about past events.

recollection /ɹɛkəˈlɛkʃən/ recollections n
mémoire
souvenir
The act of recollecting, or recalling to the memory; the act of recalling to memory.

recombination recombinations n
recombinaison
(genetics) The formation of genetic combinations in offspring that are not present in the parents.

recommence v
recommencer
To begin again.

recommend /ɹɛkəˈmɛnd/ v
adviser conseiller
recommander
(transitive) To bestow commendation on; to represent favourably; to suggest, endorse or encourage as an appropriate choice.
(transitive, archaic) To commit, confide to another's care, confidence or acceptance, with favoring representations

recommendable more recommendable most recommendable adj
recommandable
Capable of being recommended.

recommendation /ˌɹɛkəmənˈdeɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛkəmɛnˈdeɪʃən/ recommendations n
recommandation
An act of recommending.
That which is recommended.

recommendatory adj
recommandatoire
Of or pertaining to a recommendation

recompense /ˌɹɛkəmˈpɛns/ recompenses n
récompense
That which compensates for an injury, or other type of harm or damage.

recompense /ˌɹɛkəmˈpɛns/ v
récompenser
(transitive) To give (something) in return; to pay back; to pay, as something earned or deserved.

recon /ɹɪˈkɑn/ /ɹɪˈkɒn/ /ˈɹikɑn/ /ˈɹiːkɒn/ recons n
reco
(chiefly, US, military slang) reconnaissance.

reconcentrate v
reconcentrer

reconcile /ɹɪˈkɒnsaɪl/ /ˈɹɛkənsaɪl/ v
réconcilier
(ambitransitive) To restore a friendly relationship; to bring back or return to harmony.
réconcilier concilier
(transitive) To make things compatible or consistent.

reconciliation /ˌɹɛk(ə)nsɪlɪˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹɛkənˌsɪliˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ reconciliations n
réconciliation raccommodement
The re-establishment of friendly relations; conciliation, rapprochement.
réconciliation rapprochement
(accounting) The process of comparing and resolving apparent differences between sets of accounting records, or between accounting records and bank statements, receipts, etc.

reconnaissance /ɹɪˈkɒnəsəns/ reconnaissances n
reconnaissance
The act of scouting or exploring (especially military or medical) to gain information.

reconnect /ˌɹiː.kəˈnɛkt/ v
reconnecter
(ambitransitive) To connect again or differently.

reconnection reconnections n
reconnexion
A connection of things that have been previously severed.

reconnoiter /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtə/ /ˌɹɛkəˈnɔɪtɚ/ [ˌɹʷɛkəˈnɔɪ̯tʰə] [ˌɹˠɛkəˈnɔɪ̯ɾɚ] v
reconnaître
(American spelling, transitive, intransitive, military) To perform a reconnaissance (of an area; an enemy position); to scout with the aim of acquiring information.

reconquest reconquests n
reconquête
The act or process of conquering something again, such as a territory.

reconsider v
reconsidérer
(ambitransitive) To consider a matter again.

reconsideration reconsiderations n
reconsidération
the act of reconsidering or something reconsidered

reconstructed language reconstructed languages n
langue reconstruite
(linguistics) A hypothetical, usually unattested language formed by making comparisons between the similarities of actual languages.

reconstruction reconstructions n
reconstruction
A thing that has been reconstructed or restored to an earlier state.
The act of restoring something to an earlier state.
reconstitution
A result of an attempt to understand in detail how a certain result or event occurred.

reconstructionism reconstructionisms n
reconstructionnisme

reconstructionist reconstructionists n
reconstructionniste

record /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/ adj
record

record /ˈɹɛk.ɔɹd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɔːd/ /ˈɹɛk.ɚd/ records n
enregistrement
An item of information put into a temporary or permanent physical medium.
Any instance of a physical medium on which information was put for the purpose of preserving it and making it available for future reference.
(computing) A set of data relating to a single individual or item.
disque
Ellipsis of phonograph record: a disc, usually made from vinyl, on which sound is recorded and may be replayed on a phonograph.
record
The most extreme known value of some variable, particularly that of an achievement in competitive events.

record /ɹɨˈkɔːd/ /ɹɪˈkɔɹd/ v
enregistrer
(transitive) To make a record of information.
(transitive) To make an audio or video recording of.
(intransitive) To make an audio, video, or multimedia recording.

record chart record charts n
Hit-parade
(often plural) A ranking of music (songs, albums, etc.) according to popularity during a given period of time.

record label record labels n
label discographique maison de disques
The round sticker in the centre of a phonograph record that contains the record company's logo and information about the recording.

record player record players n
tourne-disque gramophone phonographe pick-up électrophone
An electronic device for playing phonograph records.

record producer record producers n
producteur de disques producteur musical productrice de disques productrice musicale

record-breaking adj
record
Of an achievement or observation, exceeding the highest previously recorded level in that activity or category.

recordable more recordable most recordable adj
enregistrable
(of a CD, DVD etc) Able to be used to record something.

recorder recorders n
enregistreur
An apparatus for recording; a device which records.
flûte à bec
(musical instrument) A musical instrument of the woodwind family; a type of fipple flute, a simple internal duct flute.

recordholder recordholders n
recordman recordwoman
Someone or something that holds a record for being the best at a particular feat.

recording recordings n
enregistrement
A reproduction of sound, video, etc., stored in a permanent medium.

recount /ɹiːˈkaʊnt/ /ˈɹiːkaʊnt/ v
recompter
To count again.

recount /ɹɪˈkaʊnt/ v
raconter
To tell; narrate; to relate in detail

recover /ɹɪˈkʌvə/ /ɹɪˈkʌvɚ/ v
recouvrer
(transitive) To get back, to regain (a physical thing; in astronomy and navigation, sight of a thing or a signal).
guérir remettre récupérer recouvrer
(intransitive, followed by "from" to show what caused the bad feeling) To get better, to regain health or prosperity.

recoverability n
recouvrabilité

recovery /ɹəˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹəˈkʌvɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvəɹi/ /ɹɪˈkʌvɹi/ recoveries n
récupération recouvrement rétablissement
The act or process of regaining or repossession of something lost.
guérison rétablissement
A return to normal health.

recovery position recovery positions n
PLS position latérale de sécurité

recreate /ɹiːkɹɪˈeɪt/ v
recréer
To create anew.

recreate /ˈɹɛkɹɪeɪt/ v
se réjouir
(reflexive) To enjoy or entertain oneself.

recreation /ɹiːkɹiˈeɪʃən/ recreations n
recréation
The process of creating something again.

recreation /ɹɛkɹiˈeɪʃən/ recreations n
récréation
Any activity, such as play, that amuses, diverts or stimulates.

recreation room recreation rooms n
salle de jeux
(United States, Australia, Canada) A room used for a variety of purposes, such as parties, games and other everyday or casual use.

recreational adj
récréationnel
For, or relating to, recreation.

recreational drug recreational drugs n
drogue euphorisante drogue récréative

recreational vehicle recreational vehicles n
camping-car véhicule récréatif
(North America) A self-propelled vehicle (motor home), or trailer designed for use as living quarters on overnight recreational activities and travel.

recriminalize v
recriminaliser
(transitive) To criminalize again; to make (something previously decriminalized) illegal again.

recriminate /ɹɪˈkɹɪmɪneɪt/ v
récriminer
(ambitransitive) To accuse in return, state an accusation in return, make a countercharge.

recrudescence /ˌɹikɹuˈdɛs(ə)ns/ /ˌɹiːkɹuːˈdɛs(ə)ns/ /ˌɹɛ-/ recrudescences n
recrudescence
(medicine, by extension) The acute recurrence of a disease, or its symptoms, after a period of improvement.

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ recruits n
recrue
A person enlisted for service in the army; a newly enlisted soldier.

recruit /ɹɪˈkɹut/ /ɹɪˈkɹuːt/ v
recruter enrôler
To enroll or enlist new members or potential employees on behalf of an employer, organization, sports team, the military, etc.
recruter
To supply with new men, as an army; to fill up or make up by enlistment; also, to muster
(biochemistry) To prompt a protein, leucocyte. etc. to intervene in a given region of the body.

recruiter recruiters n
recruteur
Agent noun of recruit; one who recruits, particularly one employed to recruit others.

recruitment /rɪˈkruːt.mənt / recruitments n
recrutement
The process or art of finding candidates for a post in an organization, or recruits for the armed forces.

rectal /ˈrɛk.təl/ adj
rectal
Of, via or related to the rectum.

rectangle /ˈrɛktæŋɡl̩/ rectangles n
rectangle
(geometry) Any quadrilateral having opposing sides parallel and four right angles.

rectangular /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjəlɚ/ /ɹɛkˈtæŋɡjʊlə/ more rectangular most rectangular adj
rectangulaire
Having a shape like a rectangle.

rectify /ˈɹɛktəˌfaɪ/ v
rectifier
(transitive) To restore (someone or something) to its proper condition; to straighten out, to set right. [from 16th c.]

rectitude /ˈɹɛk.tə.tjuːd/ /ˈɹɛk.tə.tuːd/ /ˈɹɛk.tɪ.tjuːd/ rectitudes n
rectitude
Straightness; the state or quality of having a constant direction and not being crooked or bent. [from 15th c.]
droiture rectitude rigueur
(now, _, rare) The fact or quality of being right or correct; correctness of opinion or judgement. [from 15th c.]

recto /ˈɹɛk.toʊ/ rectos n
recto
The front side of a flat object which is to be examined visually, as for reading, such as a sheet, leaf, coin or medal.
(printing) The right-hand page of a book of a script which reads from left to right, usually having an odd page number.

rector /ˈɹɛktə/ /ˈɹɛktɚ/ rectors rectress n
recteur
A headmaster in various educational institutions, e.g. a university.

rectory /ˈɹɛktəɹi/ rectories n
cure presbytère
The residence of Roman Catholic priest(s) associated with a parish church.

rectum /ˈɹɛktəm/ recta rectums n
rectum
(anatomy) The terminal part of the large intestine through which feces pass after exiting the colon, but before leaving the body through the anus.

recumbent more recumbent most recumbent adj
couché allongé gisant
Lying down.

recumbent recumbents n
vélo couché
A bicycle or tricycle that places the rider in a reclined posture.

recur /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)/ v
resurvenir revenir réapparaître
(obsolete) To go to a location again; to return (to a place).

recurrence recurrences n
récurrence
Return or reversion to a certain state.
The instance of recurring; frequent occurrence.
A return of symptoms as part of the natural progress of a disease.

recurrent adj
périodique récurrent
Recurring; happening time after time.

recurring /rɪˈkəːrɪŋ/ more recurring most recurring adj
récurrent répétitif répété

recursion /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)ʒən/ recursions n
recursion

recursive /ɹɪˈkɜː(ɹ)sɪv/ more recursive most recursive adj
récursif
drawing upon itself, referring back.
(mathematics, not comparable) of an expression, each term of which is determined by applying a formula to preceding terms
(computing, not comparable) of a program or function that calls itself
(computing theory, not comparable, of a function) which can be computed by a theoretical model of a computer, in a finite amount of time

recursive acronym recursive acronyms n
acronyme récursif
An acronym in which a word (often the first) of the phrase represented by the acronym is the acronym itself.

recursivity recursivities n
récursivité
The quality of being recursive.

recurve bow recurve bows n
arc classique
(weapons) A bow whose two tips curve away from the archer when drawn, which gives the shot greater power and speed.

recuse /ɹiˈkjuz/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈkjuːz/ v
récuser
(reflexive, law) Of a judge, juror, or prosecutor: to declare (oneself) unable to participate in a court case due to an actual or potential conflict of interest or lack of impartiality.
To reject or repudiate (an authority, a person, a court judgment, etc.).

recut v
recouper
to cut again.

recyclable adj
recyclable
Able to be recycled.

recycle /ɹiˈsaɪkəl/ /ɹəˈsaɪkəl/ /ɹɪˈsaɪkəl/ v
recycler
(transitive) To break down and reuse component materials.
recycler réutiliser
(transitive) To reuse as a whole.

recycle bin recycle bins n
corbeille
A container in which items to be recycled may be placed.

recycling recyclings n
recyclage
The practice of sorting and collecting waste materials for new use.

recycling station recycling stations n
point de collecte

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] more red most red redder reddest adj
roux rouge
(of hair) Having an orange-brown or orange-blond colour; ginger.
rouge
(of a, dog, or, its coat) Having a brown color.
Left-wing parties and movements, chiefly socialist or communist, including the U.K. Labour party and the Social Democratic Party of Germany.

red /ɹɛd/ [ɻʷɛˑd̥] reds n
rouge
(countable, and, uncountable) The colour of the setting sun; the colour which is evoked by the longest visible wavelengths (between about 625–740 nm), and a primary additive colour.
(countable) A revolutionary socialist or (most commonly) a Communist; (usually capitalized) a Bolshevik, a supporter of the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War.

red admiral red admirals n
vulcain
A bright red and black butterfly, Vanessa atalanta, of the family Nymphalidae.

red as a beetroot adj
rouge comme une pivoine
(simile) Bright red in colour; used of the human face when a person is embarrassed.

red blood cell red blood cells n
érythrocyte globule rouge hématie
(hematology, cytology) A type of cell in the blood of vertebrates that contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues; an erythrocyte.

red cabbage red cabbages n
chou rouge
(countable, uncountable) A form of cabbage having red leaves, Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra .

red campion red campions n
compagnon rouge silène dioïque
Silene dioica, a European biennial or perennial plant with pink or red flowers.

red card red cards n
carton rouge carte rouge
(sports) A card displayed by the referee when a player is sent off for a serious infringement of the rules.
carton rouge
(colloquial) Any official instructions to vacate an area.

red carpet red carpets n
tapis rouge
A strip of red carpet that is laid for a VIP to walk on.
(figurative) VIP treatment.

red cent red cents n
liard
(US, colloquial) A very small amount of money.

red clover red clovers n
trèfle des prés trèfle violet
A clover (Trifolium pratense), with red flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

red crossbill red crossbills n
bec-croisé des sapins
Loxia curvirostra, a small passerine bird in the finch family, widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.

red currant /ˈɹɛdˌkɜɹənt/ /ˈɹɛdˌkʌɹənt/ red currants n
groseille rouge
A deciduous shrub, Ribes rubrum, native to western Europe; any of certain cultivars of the shrub.
groseille rouge groseillier à grappes
The bright red translucent edible berry of this plant.

red deer red deer red deers n
cerf élaphe cerf rouge cerf commun élaphe
A species of large deer, Cervus elaphus, found in Europe and southwestern Asia.

red dwarf red dwarfs n
naine rouge
(star) A small, relatively cool star of the main sequence.

red fescue red fescues n
fétuque rouge
a grass plant, Festuca rubra, with green, red, or blue-green flowers, found in Europe, Asia and North America.

red flag red flags n
drapeau rouge
(literally) A flag that is red, especially associated with leftist revolutionary ideologies.
avertissement mauvais signe signal d'alarme
(informal) A cue, warning, or alert; a sign or signal that something is wrong.

red fox red foxes n
renard roux
(countable) A common species of fox, Vulpes vulpes native to North America, Asia, Europe and North Africa; small, with reddish fur, but larger than the arctic fox.

red giant red giants n
géante rouge
(star) A large red coloured star with a lower surface temperature than many stars, being at the final stage of moderately massive main-sequence stars.

red herring red herring red herrings n
hareng saur
A herring that is cured in smoke and brine strong enough to turn the flesh red; a type of kipper.
diversion fausse piste hareng rouge leurre
(figuratively) A clue, information, argument etc. that is or is intended to be misleading, diverting attention from the real answer or issue.

red kite red kites n
milan royal
A predator bird of the kite (Accipitridae) family, Milvus milvus.

red kuri squash red kuri squash red kuri squashes n
potimarron courge châtaigne
A thin skinned orange colored winter squash, cultivar of species Cucurbita maxima.

red light red lights n
feu rouge
A warning light, especially as a traffic signal indicating stop.

red line red lines n
ligne rouge
(figuratively) A boundary or limit which should not be crossed.

red link red links n
lien rouge

red meat red meats n
viande rouge
Meats such as beef that are dark red in colour when uncooked.

red mullet red mullets n
rouget
Synonym of goatfish (fish of the family Mullidae)

red onion red onions n
oignon rouge
A type of onion with reddish purplish skin.

red panda red pandas n
petit panda panda roux panda éclatant
An omnivorous mammal, Ailurus fulgens, native to the Himalayas and eastern Asia, which has dark red fur and a ringed tail.

red pepper red peppers n
paprika
A red-colored, ripe, bell or sweet pepper. Unripe peppers of this variety are green and edible but not as sweet.

red phalarope red phalaropes n
phalarope à bec large
Phalaropus fulicarius, a small wading bird.

red phosphorus n
phosphore rouge
(chemistry) A stable allotrope of phosphorus, used in the manufacture of safety matches, pesticides, etc.

red pill v
rougepiluler
(transitive, intransitive) To enable an individual to overcome illusion and perceive harsher reality.

red pilled adj
rougepilulé

red pine red pines n
pin rouge
Pinus resinosa, native to cool temperate eastern North America.

red poppy red poppies n
coquelicot
Any poppy with red flowers.

red rag red rags n
chiffon rouge
(figurative) Something that will enrage another particular person.

red rail red rails n
poule rouge râle de Maurice
†Aphanapteryx bonasia, an extinct species of birds from the family Rallidae, formerly endemic to Mauritius.

red room red rooms n
chambre rouge red room
(Internet, urban myth) An online forum which livestreams torture and murder over the dark web.

red scare red scares n
peur rouge
Fearmongering on the topic of a rise in communism that will threaten Western nations, especially from Soviet Union and the Soviet bloc in the past, China, Cuba, North Korea, etc. but also from any leftist movement.

red snapper red snappers n
perche rouge vivaneau
Any of several Atlantic foodfishes, of the genus Lutjanus, that have reddish bodies

red squirrel red squirrels n
écureuil roux
Sciurus vulgaris (Eurasian red squirrel), common in Europe and Asia.

red state red states n
État rouge
(US politics) A state of the United States voting Republican in a given election, tending to vote Republican in general, or having a typically conservative mindset.

red tape n
paperasserie impôt papier paperasse
(metonym, idiomatic) Time-consuming regulations or bureaucratic procedures.

red tide red tides n
marée rouge
An algal bloom of sufficient quantity to cause discoloration (often red) in a body of water; red tides can potentially cause irritation or death to exposed creatures.

red turtle dove red turtle doves n
tourterelle à tête grise
A small bird, Streptopelia tranquebarica, a resident breeding bird in the tropics in the Indian subcontinent, with a range extending to Taiwan and the Philippines.

red wine red wines n
vin rouge
Red-coloured wine made mostly from black grapes, including the skin.

red wolf red wolves n
loup rouge
Canis rufus, a medium-sized canine native to the southeastern United States.

red, white and blue more red, white and blue most red, white and blue adj
bleu, blanc et rouge
(US) Quintessentially American.

red-backed hawk red-backed hawks n
buse tricolore
Buteo polyosoma, a species of hawk.

red-backed shrike red-backed shrikes n
pie-grièche écorcheur
A medium-sized bird (Lanius collurio) of the shrike family that breeds in most of Europe and western Asia and winters in tropical Africa, eating large insects, small birds, voles, and lizards.

red-breasted flycatcher red-breasted flycatchers n
gobemouche nain
Ficedula parva, an Old World flycatcher breeding in eastern Europe and across Central Asia.

red-breasted goose red-breasted geese n
bernache à cou roux
Branta ruficollis, a species of goose from Eurasia, with a large rust-colored area on its breast and throat.

red-collared widowbird red-collared widowbirds n
euplecte veuve-noire
An African species of widowbird, Euplectes ardens.

red-crested pochard red-crested pochards n
nette rousse
Netta rufina, a large diving duck.

red-crowned crane red-crowned cranes n
grue du Japon
Grus japonensis, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family, native to East Asia

red-eye /ˈɹɛdaɪ/ /ˈɹɛdˌaɪ/ red-eyes n
yeux rouges
(countable, uncountable, photography) Redness in the eye(s) of someone in a colour photograph, as an unwanted consequence of light from a flash reflecting off blood vessels in the retina. [from 20th c.]

red-flanked bluetail red-flanked bluetails n
rossignol à flancs roux
Tarsiger cyanurus, an Old World flycatcher

red-footed falcon red-footed falcons n
faucon kobez
Falco vespertinus, a Eurasian bird of prey in the family Falconidae

red-handed more red-handed most red-handed adj
en flagrant délit la main dans le sac
(idiom) Showing clear evidence of guilt; in the act of wrongdoing.

red-light district red-light districts n
quartier chaud quartier des putes red light
A part of an urban area where prostitution and sex-oriented businesses are concentrated.

red-necked buzzard red-necked buzzards n
buse d'Afrique
Buteo auguralis, a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family found in Africa

red-necked stint red-necked stints n
bécasseau à col roux
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris ruficollis)

red-rumped swallow red-rumped swallows n
hirondelle rousseline
Cecropis daurica, a small passerine bird in the swallow family

red-shouldered hawk red-shouldered hawks n
buse à épaulettes
A medium-sized hawk native to North America, of species Buteo lineatus.

red-tailed hawk red-tailed hawks n
buse à queue rousse
Buteo jamaicensis, a medium-sized bird of prey found throughout North America.

red-tailed tropicbird red-tailed tropicbirds n
phaéton à brins rouges
A species of tropicbird native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, Phaethon rubricauda.

red-throated diver red-throated divers n
plongeon catmarin
Gavia stellata, the smallest member of the loon or diver family, breeding in northern Eurasia and Arctic Canada, with grey head, red throat, white underparts and dark mantle.

red-throated pipit red-throated pipits n
Pipit à gorge rousse
A small passerine bird, Anthus cervinus.

red-throated thrush red-throated thrushes n
grive à gorge rousse
Turdus ruficollis, a Palearctic thrush.

red-winged blackbird red-winged blackbirds n
carouge à épaulettes
A bird of the species Agelaius phoeniceus, native to North and Central America.

redact /ɹɪˈdækt/ v
caviarder censurer
To censor, to black out or remove parts of a document while leaving the remainder.

redden /ˈɹɛdn̩/ v
rougir
(intransitive) To become red or redder.
faire rougir
(transitive) To make red or redder.

reddish /ˈɹɛdɪʃ/ more reddish most reddish adj
rougeâtre
Somewhat red.

redeem /ɹɪˈdiːm/ v
racheter
(transitive) To recover ownership of something by buying it back.
(transitive) To restore the honour, worth, or reputation of oneself or something.
libérer
(transitive) To set free by force.
secourir
(transitive) To save, rescue
libérer soulager
(transitive) To clear, release from debt or blame
liquider
(transitive, finance) To convert (some bond or security) into cash
réparer rétablir
(transitive) To repair, restore
améliorer réformer
(transitive) To reform, change (for the better)

redeemable more redeemable most redeemable adj
remboursable
(finance) Capable of being paid off; subject to a right on the part of the debtor to discharge or of an issuer to repurchase
corrigible
Susceptible to correction or reform.

redeemer redeemers n
rédempteur
One who redeems; one who provides redemption.

redefine v
redéfinir
(transitive) To give a new or different definition to (a word).

redefinition redefinitions n
redéfinition
The act or event of redefining.

redemption /ɹɪˈdɛmpʃən/ redemptions n
rédemption
The act of redeeming or something redeemed.
The recovery, for a fee, of a pawned article.
Salvation from sin.

redeposit v
redéposer
(intransitive, geology, chemistry) To form into a new accumulation; used especially of sediments moved from an original position

redhead /ˈɹɛdˌhɛd/ redheads n
roux rousse
A person with red hair.
fuligule à tête rouge
A North American duck (Aythya americana) highly esteemed as a game bird.

redheaded adj
roux rouquin
(of a person) Having red hair.

rediffusion n
rediffusion
The rebroadcasting of a programme; more specifically, the distribution of radio or television transmissions from a single receiver

redirect v
réorienter
(transitive) To give new direction to, change the direction of.
faire suivre réadresser
(transitive) To instruct to go, inquire, elsewhere.

redirection /ɹiːdaɪˈɹɛkʃən/ /ɹiːdəˈɹɛkʃən/ /ɹiːdɪˈɹɛkʃən/ redirections n
redirection
The act of setting a new direction.
(Internet) The automated process of taking a user to a location other than the one selected.

rediscover v
redécouvrir retrouver
(transitive) To discover again; especially something previously lost or forgotten.

redistribute /ˌɹi.dɪˈstɹɪb.jut/ /ˌɹiː.dɪˈstɹɪb.juːt/ /ˌɹiːˈdɪs.tɹɪb.juːt/ v
redistribuer
(transitive) To distribute again.

redistribution /ˌɹiːdɪstɹəˈbjuːʃən/ redistributions n
redistribution
The act of changing the distribution of resources.

redneck /ˈɹɛdnɛk/ rednecks n
baraki beauf
(slang, usually, pejorative, offensive, ethnic slur) A poor, rural, usually white, person from the Southern United States or parts of the Midwest and Northeast, especially one whose beliefs are seen as unsophisticated and backward; sometimes with additional connotations of being bigoted.

redness rednesses n
rougeur
(uncountable) The state or quality of being red.

redo /ɹiˈduː/ /ˈɹiːdu/ v
refaire
To do again.

redolent /ˈɹed.ə.lənt/ /ˈɹɛd.ə.lənt/ /ˈɹɛd.əʊ.lənt/ more redolent most redolent adj
parfumé
Fragrant or aromatic; having a sweet scent.

redoubt /ɹəˈdəʊt/ /ɹəˈdʌʊt/ /ɹɪˈdaʊt/ redoubts n
redoute
A small, temporary, military fortification.

redoubtable /ɹɪˈdaʊ.tə.bəl/ more redoubtable most redoubtable adj
redoutable
Eliciting respect or fear; imposing; awe-inspiring.

redox /ˈɹiːdɒks/ /ˈɹɛdɒks/ n
oxydoréduction
(rare, chemistry) A reaction in which an oxidation and a reduction occur simultaneously; a reaction in which electrons are transferred.

redshank redshanks n
gambette
Any of two species of Old World wading bird in the genus Tringa that have long red legs.

redshift /ˈɹɛdˌʃɪft/ redshifts n
décalage vers le rouge
(physics) A change in the wavelength of light, in which the wavelength is longer than when it was emitted at the source.

redskin redskins n
Peau-Rouge
(now, sometimes, considered an, _, ethnic slur, and, offensive) A Native American.

redstart redstarts n
rougequeue rouge-queue
Any of various insectivorous ground-feeding birds, mainly of the genus Phoenicurus. Many of the species have a red tail.

reduce /ɹɪˈd(j)us/ /ɹɪˈdjuːs/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːs/ v
diminuer
réduire
(transitive) To bring down the size, quantity, quality, value or intensity of something; to diminish, to lower.

reduced /ɹɪˈdjust/ /ɹɪˈdjuːst/ /ɹɪˈdust/ more reduced most reduced adj
amoindri soldé
réduit
Made smaller or less; having undergone reduction.

reducer reducers n
réducteur
Something that reduces.

reducible more reducible most reducible adj
réductible
(mathematics, of a polynomial) Able to be factored into polynomials of lower degree, as x^2-1.

reductase /ɹɪˈdʌk.teɪz/ reductases n
réductase
(enzyme) An enzyme that chemically reduces its substrate.

reduction /ɹiˈdɑk.ʃən/ /ɹɪˈdʌkʃən/ reductions n
réduction
The act, process, or result of reducing.
The amount or rate by which something is reduced, e.g. in price.
(chemistry) A reaction in which electrons are gained and valence is reduced; often by the removal of oxygen or the addition of hydrogen.
(cooking) The process of rapidly boiling a sauce to concentrate it.
(mathematics) The rewriting of an expression into a simpler form.
(computability theory) a transformation of one problem into another problem, such as mapping reduction or polynomial reduction.
(medicine) A medical procedure to restore a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment, usually with a closed approach but sometimes with an open approach (surgery).

reductional more reductional most reductional adj
réductionnel
Of, pertaining to, or producing reduction.

reductionism reductionisms n
réductionnisme
An approach to studying complex systems or ideas by reducing them to a set of simpler components.
(philosophy) A philosophical position which holds that a complex system is nothing but the sum of its parts, and that an account of it can be reduced to accounts of individual constituents. In a reductionist framework, the phenomena that can be explained completely in terms of relations between other more fundamental phenomena, are called "epiphenomena".

reductionist more reductionist most reductionist adj
réductionniste
Of, or relating to reductionism.

redundancy /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈdʌnd(ə)nsi/ /ɹɪˈdʌndən(t)si/ redundancies n
redondance
The state of being redundant
Duplication of components or circuits to provide survival of the total system in case of failure of single components.
Duplication of parts of a message to guard against transmission errors.
chômage économique
(chiefly, UK, Australia, New Zealand) The state of being unemployed because one's job is no longer necessary; the dismissal of such an employee; a layoff.

redundant /ɹɪˈdʌn.dənt/ more redundant most redundant adj
redondant
Superfluous; exceeding what is necessary, no longer needed.
(of words, writing, etc) Repetitive or needlessly wordy.

redundantly more redundantly most redundantly adv
redondamment
In a redundant manner.

reduplication /-plɪ-/ /-ʃɪn/ /ɹi-/ /ɹəˌd(j)u.plə.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹɪ-/ /ɹɪ.djuː.plɪ.ˈkeɪ.ʃən/ reduplications n
redoublement
(linguistics) The act of, or an instance of, reduplicating.

redux /ɹiˈdʌks/ /ˈɹiːdʌks/ adj
de retour
(of a topic, attributive, postpositive) Redone, restored, brought back, or revisited.

redwing redwings n
grive mauvis
A small thrush, Turdus iliacus, native to Eurasia, with a white eye stripe and red under-wing feathers.

redwood redwoods n
séquoia
(uncountable) Wood of the species Sequoia sempervirens.

reed /ɹiːd/ reeds n
chaume
roseau
(countable) Any of various types of tall stiff perennial grass-like plants growing together in groups near water.
canne jonc
(countable) The hollow stem of these plants.
anche
(countable, music) Part of the mouthpiece of certain woodwind instruments, comprising a thin piece of wood or metal which shakes very quickly to produce sound when a musician blows over it.
instrument à anche
(countable, music) A musical instrument such as the clarinet or oboe, which produces sound when a musician blows on the reed.
peigne
(countable, weaving) A comb-like part of a beater for beating the weft when weaving.

reed bed reed beds n
roselière
A place where reeds grow.

reed switch reed switches n
interrupteur reed interrupteur à lames souples
An electrical switch operated by an applied magnetic field that causes two flexible metal reeds to come into contact.

reed warbler reed warblers n
rousserolle effarvatte
A species of warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus, family Acrocephalidae, native to Eurasia and Africa. [from 18th c.]

reeducation camp reeducation camps n
camp de rééducation
(euphemistic) A camp or prison where ideological dissidents undergo reeducation or indoctrination.

reef /ɹiːf/ reefs n
récif écueil
A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water.
ris
(nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind.
filon
(Australia, South Africa) A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore.

reef /ɹiːf/ v
arriser prendre un ris
(nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.

reef knot reef knots n
nœud plat
A knot used to securely tie two pieces of rope together, or to reef sails.

reefal adj
récifal
(geology) of or pertaining to a reef

reefer /ˈɹiːfə/ /ˈɹiːfɚ/ reefers n
joint
(countable) A marijuana cigarette.

reek /riːk/ reeks n
puanteur
A strong unpleasant smell.

reek /riːk/ v
empester puer fouetter schlinguer
(intransitive) To have or give off a strong, unpleasant smell.
puer
(intransitive, figuratively) To be evidently associated with something unpleasant.

reel /ɹiːl/ reels n
reel
(music) The music of this dance; often called a Scottish (or Scotch) reel.
bobine
A kind of spool, turning on an axis, on which yarn, threads, lines, or the like, are wound.
enrouleur
(agriculture) A device consisting of radial arms with horizontal stats, connected with a harvesting machine, for holding the stalks of grain in position to be cut by the knives.

reel /ɹiːl/ v
embobiner enrouler
To wind on a reel.
tituber
To walk shakily or unsteadily; to stagger; move as if drunk or not in control of oneself.

reel in v
ramener tirer hors de l'eau
(fishing, transitive) To bring (a fish etc.) out of the water by winding the line on which it is caught onto a reel (e.g. of a fishing rod).
attirer attirer l'attention capter capter l'attention ferrer
(idiomatic, transitive) To bring in (e.g. by attractive offers or persuasion); to lure.

reel off v
débiter
(transitive, idiomatic) To list effortlessly and quickly.

reelect v
réélire
To elect for a second or subsequent time.

reelection reelections n
réélection
the act of being elected after already being elected once, and already having served out one's first term.

reem /ɹiːm/ /ɹɪˈɛm/ reems n
réem
A large horned animal in ancient Hebrew literature, variously identified with the wild ox or aurochs (Bos primigenius), the Arabian oryx, or a mythical creature (compare unicorn).

reembark v
rembarquer

reenactment reenactments n
reconstitution
The repetition of an earlier (usually historic) event, as a performance or social event.

reenactor reenactors n
reconstitueur reconstitueuse reconstituteur
One who takes part in a historical reenactment.

reenter v
rentrer
(ambitransitive) To enter again; return into.
(transitive, computing) To enter again; retype, reinput.

reestablish v
rétablir
(transitive) To establish again.

refection /ɹɪˈfɛkʃən/ refections n
réfection
A meal, especially a light meal.

refectory /ɹɪˈfɛkt(ə)ɹi/ refectories n
réfectoire
A dining hall, especially in an institution such as a college or monastery.

refer /ɹɪˈfɜː/ /ɹɪˈfɝ/ v
référer renvoyer
(intransitive, stative) To make reference to; to be about; to relate to; to regard; to allude to.

referee /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/ referees n
arbitre
(sports) An umpire or judge; an official who makes sure the rules are followed during a game.
A person who settles a dispute.

referee /ˌɹɛf.əˈɹiː/ /ˌɹɛfəˈɹiː/ v
arbitrer
To act as a referee.

reference /ˈɹɛf.(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛfəɹɛns/ references n
référence
A measurement one can compare (some other measurement) to.
(academic writing) A short written identification of a previously published work which is used as a source for a text.
(academic writing) A previously published written work thus indicated; a source.
(computing) An object containing information which refers to data stored elsewhere, as opposed to containing the data itself.
référence recommandation
Information about a person, provided by someone (a referee) with whom they are well acquainted.

reference /ˈɹɛf.(ə)ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛfəɹɛns/ v
référencer faire référence à référer
To refer to, to use as a reference.
faire référence à référer
To mention, to cite.

reference book reference books n
livre de référence
A book providing factual information.

reference work reference works n
ouvrage de référence
A compendium of information which is not intended to be read from beginning to end, and is compiled for ease of reference. Examples include encyclopedias and dictionaries.

referendum /ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛndəm/ referenda referendums n
référendum
(politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. (The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.)

referential integrity n
intégrité référentielle
(computing, databases) The property of a relational database that enforces valid relationships between tables, such that no foreign key can contain a value that does not match a primary key in the corresponding linked table.

referrer referrers n
recommandataire
A person who refers another.

refill /ˌɹiːˈfɪl/ v
reremplir
To fill up once again.

refillable adj
rechargeable
Capable of being filled again.

refinance v
refinancer
(finance) To renew the terms of a loan.

refine /ɹɪˈfaɪn/ v
affiner raffiner perfectionner

refined /ɹiːfaɪnd/ more refined most refined adj
châtié
raffiné affiné
Cultured, freed from vulgarity, particularly:

refinement /ɹəˈfaɪnmənt/ /ɹɪˈfaɪnmənt/ refinements n
raffinement
High-class style; cultivation.

refinery /rɪˈfaɪnərɪ/ refineries n
raffinerie
A building, or a mass of machinery, used to produce refined products such as sugar, oil, or metals.

reflect /ɹɪˈflɛkt/ v
réfléchir refléter
(transitive) To bend back (light, etc.) from a surface.
(intransitive) To be bent back (light, etc.) from a surface.
(transitive) To mirror, or show the image of something.
se refléter
(intransitive) To be mirrored.
refléter s'accorder suivre
(transitive) To agree with; to closely follow.
refléter
(transitive) To give evidence of someone's or something's character etc.
réfléchir
(intransitive) To think seriously; to ponder or consider.

reflecting circle reflecting circles n
cercle de réflexion

reflection /ɹɪˈflɛkʃən/ reflections n
réflexion reflet
The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected.
reflet
Something, such as an image, that is reflected.

reflective /ɹɪˈflɛktɪv/ more reflective most reflective adj
réflectif
Pondering, especially thinking back on the past.

reflector /ɹɪˈflɛktə(ɹ)/ reflectors n
réflecteur
A small, often red, reflecting disk on the rear of a vehicle or bicycle that reflects the headlights of other vehicles.

reflex /ɹɪˈflɛks/ /ˈɹiːflɛks/ reflexes n
réflexe
An automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.
continuateur
(linguistics) The descendant of an earlier language element, such as a word or phoneme, in a daughter language.

reflex camera reflex cameras n
appareil reflex

reflexive /ɹəˈflɛksɪv/ adj
réfléchi
(grammar) Referring back to the subject, or having an object equal to the subject.

reflexive pronoun reflexive pronouns n
pronom réfléchi
(grammar) In English: a personal pronoun, having a form of "self" as a suffix to show that the subject's action affects the subject itself.

reflexive verb reflexive verbs n
verbe réfléchi verbe pronominal
A verb whose subject and direct object are the same.

reflux /ˈɹiː.flʌks/ refluxes n
reflux
The backwards flow of any fluid.
(chemistry) A technique, using a reflux condenser, allowing one to boil the contents of a vessel over an extended period.

reforest v
reboiser reforester
To replant a forest, especially after clearcutting.

reforestation reforestations n
reboisement reforestation
The act or process of replanting a forest, especially after clear-cutting.

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ reforms n
réforme
The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it

reform /ɹəˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔɹm/ /ɹɪˈfɔːm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔɹm/ /ˌɹiːˈfɔːm/ v
réformer
(transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better.

reform school reform schools n
maison de correction maison de redressement
(dated) A penal institution for juveniles, especially males.

reformism reformisms n
réformisme
Any of several movements that promote reform

reformist more reformist most reformist adj
réformiste
(political) Advocating reform of an institution or body.

reformist reformists n
réformiste
One who advocates reform (of an institution).

reformulate v
reformuler
(transitive) To formulate again or differently.

reformulation reformulations n
reformulation
The act of formulating anew.
A new formulation.

refoulement /ɹəˈfuːlmɒ̃/ /ɹəˌfulˈmɑn/ refoulements n
refoulement
(international law, uncountable) The sending of a refugee involuntarily to a geographic region where they will likely experience substantial harm; (countable) an instance of this.

refound v
refonder
(transitive) To found again; to reestablish.

refract v
réfracter
(transitive, optics) To cause (light) to change direction as a result of entering a different medium.

refraction /ɹəˈfɹækʃən/ refractions n
réfraction
(physics) The turning or bending of any wave, such as a light or sound wave, when it passes from one medium into another of different optical density.

refractive index refractive indices n
indice de réfraction
(physics) The ratio of the speed of light in air or vacuum to that in another medium.

refractometer refractometers n
réfractomètre
(physics) An optical instrument used to measure the refractive index of a substance.

refractory /ɹɪˈfɹæk.təɹ.i/ more refractory most refractory adj
réfractaire
Obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something.
Not affected by great heat.
(medicine) Difficult to treat.

refractory metal refractory metals n
métal réfractaire
(metallurgy) A metal, such as molybdenum or tungsten, with a high refraction, and hence a high melting point.

refragable /ˈɹɛ.fɹə.ɡə.bəl/ more refragable most refragable adj
réfragable

refrain /ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/ refrains n
refrain
The chorus or burden of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza.

refrain /ɹɪˈfɹeɪn/ v
se retenir se réfréner
se retenir abstenir s'abstenir
(intransitive, with preposition "from") To stop oneself from some action or interference; to abstain. [from 15th c.]

refresh /ɹiˈfɹɛʃ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ/ v
rafraîchir revigorer
(transitive) To renew or revitalize.

refresh someone's memory v
rafraîchir la mémoire

refreshing /ɹəˈfɹɛʃɪŋ/ more refreshing most refreshing adj
rafraîchissant
That refreshes someone; pleasantly fresh and different; granting vitality and energy.

refreshment /ɹɪˈfɹɛʃ.mənt/ refreshments n
rafraîchissement
The process of refreshing
(usually, countable, usually, plural) That which refreshes, such as a light snack or drink.

refrigerant refrigerants n
fluide frigorigène réfrigérant
A substance used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change between gas and liquid to allow the cooling, as in refrigerators, air conditioners, etc.

refrigerate /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəɹeɪt/ v
réfrigérer
(transitive, obsolete, _, in, _, general, _) To make (someone or something) cool; to cool down.
(transitive, specifically) To keep (something) cool by containing within a refrigerator.

refrigeration refrigerations n
réfrigération
The process of transferring heat from an object in order to cool it.
The process of preserving something by cooling.

refrigerator /ɹəˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪtə/ /ɹɪˈfɹɪd͡ʒəˌɹeɪɾɚ/ refrigerators n
réfrigérateur frigo
A household appliance used for keeping food fresh by refrigeration (short form fridge).

refringence refringences n
réfringence
(physics) refractive power; refraction

refuel /ɹiːˈfjuːl/ /ɹiːˈfjuːəl/ /ˈɹiːfjuːl/ /ˈɹiːfjuːəl/ v
faire le plein ravitailler
(ambitransitive) To refill with fuel.

refuge /ˈɹɛfjuːd͡ʒ/ refuges n
refuge
A state of safety, protection or shelter.
A place providing safety, protection or shelter.

refugee /ɹɛfjʊˈd͡ʒiː/ /ˈɹɛfjʊd͡ʒiː/ refugees n
réfugié réfugiée
A person seeking refuge in a foreign country out of fear of political persecution or the prospect of such persecution in their home country, i.e., a person seeking political asylum.
A person seeking refuge due to a natural disaster, war, etc.

refugee camp refugee camps n
camp de réfugiés

refulgence /ɹəˈfʊl.d͡ʒənts/ /ɹəˈfʌl.d͡ʒənts/ /ɹɪˈfʌl.d͡ʒənts/ refulgences n
éclat
the quality of being refulgent; refulgency

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ refunds n
remboursement
An amount of money returned.

refund /ɹɪˈfʌnd/ /ˈɹiːfʌnd/ v
rembourser
(transitive) To return (money) to (someone); to reimburse.

refurbish /ɹiˈfɝbɪʃ/ /ɹiːˈfɜːbɪʃ/ v
renouveler restaurer
(transitive) To rebuild or replenish with all new material; to restore to original (or better) working order and appearance.

refusal /ɹɪˈfjuːzl̩/ refusals n
refus
The act of refusing.

refuse /ˈɹɛfjuːs/ n
déchets ordures détritus
Collectively, items or material that have been discarded; rubbish, garbage.

refuse /ɹɪˈfjuːz/ v
refuser
(transitive) To decline (a request or demand).
(intransitive) To decline a request or demand, forbear; to withhold permission.

refusenik /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈfjuznɪk/ /ɹɪˈfjuːznɪk/ refuseniks n
refuznik
(Soviet Union, historical, slang) One of the citizens of the former Soviet Union who was refused permission to emigrate (typically but not exclusively a Jewish citizen denied permission to emigrate to Israel).
(by extension, informal) A person who refuses to do something, usually as a protest; for example, one who refuses conscription or vaccination.

refutation refutations n
réfutation
An act of refuting or disproving; the disproving of an argument, opinion, testimony, doctrine or theory by argument or countervailing proof; evidence of falseness.

refute /ɹəˈfjut/ /ɹɪˈfjuːt/ v
réfuter
(transitive) To prove (something) to be false or incorrect.
chicaner contester rejeter récuser
(transitive, proscribed) To deny the truth or correctness of (something).

regain /ɹiːˈɡeɪn/ /ˈɹiːɡeɪn/ v
reconquérir reprendre
(transitive) To get back; to recover possession of.

regal /ˈɹiːɡəl/ more regal most regal adj
régalien
Of or relating to royalty.
Befitting a king, or emperor.

regal /ˈɹiːɡəl/ regals n
régale
(musical instruments) A small, portable organ whose sound is produced by brass beating reeds without amplifying resonators. Its tone is keen and rich in harmonics. The regal was common in the 16th and 17th centuries, and has been revived for the performance of music from those times.

regale /ɹəˈɡeɪl/ /ɹɪˈɡeɪl/ v
régaler
(transitive) To provide hospitality for (someone); to supply with abundant food and drink. [from 17th c.]
(figurative, transitive) To entertain with something that delights; to gratify; to refresh.

regalia /ɹəˈɡeɪl.i.ə/ n
regalia
The emblems, symbols, or paraphernalia indicative of royalty or any other sovereign status; such as a crown, orb, sceptre or sword.

regard /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːd/ v
considérer regarder
(transitive) To consider, look upon (something) in a given way etc. [from 16th c.]
concerner regarder
(transitive) To have to do with, to concern. [from 17th c.]
regarder concerner
(transitive, obsolete) To set store by (something), to hold (someone) in esteem; to consider to have value, to respect. [from 16th c.]

regarding /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdɪŋ/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːdɪŋ/ preposition
quant à
Concerning, respecting.

regardless /ɹɪˈɡɑɹd.lɪs/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːd.lɪs/ more regardless most regardless adv
malgré tout
Without attention to warnings or indications of bad consequences.

regardless of preposition
nonobstant peu importe quel que soit quelle que soit
without attention to; without regard for

regards /ɹɪˈɡɑɹdz/ /ɹɪˈɡɑːdz/ n
cordialement
A greeting at the end of a letter or e-mail communication.
respects
A greeting to pass on to another person.

regasification n
regazéification
The process of converting liquefied natural gas (LNG) at −162 °C (−260 °F) temperature back to natural gas at atmospheric temperature. It consists in the evaporation of liquified natural gas after transport (by ship) to a distribution terminal

regasification plant regasification plants n
usine de regazéification

regasify v
regazéifier
To convert liquefied natural gas (LNG) at −162 °C (−260 °F) temperature back to natural gas at atmospheric temperature. It consists in reevaporate liquified natural gas after transport (by ship) to a distribution terminal

regatta /ɹɪˈɡætə/ /ɹɪˈɡɑtə/ regattas regatte n
régate
(countable) A series of boat races, or sometimes a single race.

regency /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənsi/ regencies n
régence
A system of government that substitutes for the reign of a king or queen when that king or queen becomes unable to rule.

regenerate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒɛnəɹeɪt/ v
régénérer
(transitive) To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner.
(transitive) To revitalize.

regeneration regenerations n
régénération
Rebuilding or restructuring; large scale repair or renewal; revitalisation.

regent /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənt/ regents n
régent régente
One who rules in place of the monarch, especially because the monarch is too young, absent, or disabled. [from 15th c.]

reggae /ˈɹɛɡeɪ/ n
reggae
(Rastafari, music genre) A music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s and is heavily associated with Rastafarianism, featuring a heavy bass line and percussive rhythm guitar on the offbeat, often with close vocal harmonies.

reggeon reggeons n
reggéon

regicide /ˈɹɛd͡ʒəsaɪd/ regicides n
régicide
The killing of a king.
One who kills a king. [from 1540s]

regime /ɹeɪˈʒiːm/ /ɹəˈʒiːm/ /ˈɹeɪʒiːm/ regimes n
régime
Mode of rule or management.
A form of government, or the government in power, particularly an authoritarian or totalitarian one.
A period of rule.

regime change regime changes n
changement de régime
(politics) The overthrow of a government that is considered an illegitimate regime by means of external force (especially military might), and its replacement with a new government according to the concept of political legitimacy promoted by that force.

regimen /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪ.mən/ regimens regimina n
régime
(medicine) Any regulation or remedy which is intended to produce beneficial effects by gradual operation.
(grammar) object

regiment /ˈɹɛd͡ʒɪmənt/ regiments n
régiment
(military) A unit of armed troops under the command of an officer, and consisting of several smaller units; now specifically, usually composed of two or more battalions. [from 16th c.]

reginicide reginicides n
réginicide
The killing of a queen.

regiolect regiolects n
régiolecte

region /ˈɹiːd͡ʒən/ [ˈɹiːd͡ʒn̩] regions n
région
Any considerable and connected part of a space or surface; specifically, a tract of land or sea of considerable but indefinite extent; a country; a district; in a broad sense, a place without special reference to location or extent but viewed as an entity for geographical, social or cultural reasons.
An administrative subdivision of the European Union.

regional /ˈɹiːd͡ʒnəl/ /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənəl/ adj
régional
Of, or pertaining to, a specific region or district.

regional lockout regional lockouts n
codage régional verrouillage régional
(video games, DVD) The programming practice, code, or chip used to prevent the playing of imported media on a domestically marketed device.

regionalism regionalisms n
régionalisme
(politics) The belief that most or nearly all political power should be decentralized to regional governments.
(countable, linguistics) A word or phrase originating in, characteristic of, or limited to a region.

regionalization regionalizations n
régionalisation
An act or process of regionalizing.

regionally /ˈɹiːd͡ʒnəli/ /ˈɹiːd͡ʒənəli/ more regionally most regionally adv
régionalement

register /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/ registers n
registre
A book of such entries.
(computing) A small unit of very fast memory that is directly accessible to the central processing unit, and is mostly used to store inputs, outputs, or intermediate results of computations.
(printing) The exact alignment of lines, margins, and colors.
(music) An organ stop.
inscription
The act of registering.
registre inscription
A certificate issued by the collector of customs of a port or district to the owner of a vessel, containing the description of a vessel, its name, ownership, and other material facts. It is kept on board the vessel, to be used as evidence of nationality or as a muniment of title.
niveau de langue registre
(linguistics) A style of a language used in a particular context.

register /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tə/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚ/ v
enregistrer inscrire
(transitive) To enter in a register; to enlist.
inscrire
(transitive) To sign-up, especially to vote.
(intransitive) To place one's name, or have one's name placed in a register.
enregistrer imprimer
(transitive) To record, especially in writing.
recaler
(transitive, especially, printing) To make or adjust so as to be properly or precisely aligned.
imprimer
(intransitive) To make an impression.

register office register offices n
bureau de [[l']]état civil service de [[l']]état civil état civil
(British) The local office in which births, marriages and deaths are registered, and in which civil marriages are conducted and recorded.

register ton register tons n
tonneau
(nautical, obsolete) A unit of a ship's capacity equal to 100 cubic feet or 2.83 m3.

registered /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.təd/ /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪs.tɚd/ adj
enregistré inscrit
Having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register
recommandé
(mail service) Having a mailed item recorded in a register to enable its location to be tracked, sometimes with added insurance to cover loss.

registered mail registered mails n
recommandé courrier recommandé
A special type of mail that provides more control than regular mail.

registered trademark registered trademarks n
marque déposée
A trademark that has been officially registered with the government by its owner. Indicated by the symbol ®.

registrar /ˈɹɛd͡ʒ.ɪsˌtɹɑɹ/ registrars n
registraire
An official keeper or recorder of records.
registrar
(Internet) A service that manages the reservation of domain names.

registration /ˌɹɛ.d͡ʒɪs.ˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/ registrations n
enregistrement
(countable, uncountable) The act of signing up or registering for something.

registry /ˈɹɛdʒɪstɹi/ registries n
enregistrement
The act of registering; registration.
base de registre registre
(computing) A database of configuration settings etc. maintained by the Microsoft Windows operating system.

regmaglypt /ˈɹɛɡməɡlipt/ /ˈɹɛɡməɡlɪpt/ regmaglypts n
regmaglypte
(astronomy, geology) A small, shallow indentation or pit on the surface of a meteorite, resembling a thumbprint impression in clay, created by ablation while falling in an atmosphere.

regolith /ˈɹɛɡəlɪθ/ regoliths n
régolithe
(geology) The layer of loose rock, dust, sand, and soil, resting on the bedrock, that constitutes the surface layer of most dry land on Earth, the Moon, and other large solid aggregated celestial objects. Submarine regolith also exists.

regress /ɹɪˈɡɹɛs/ /ˈɹiːˌɡɹɛs/ v
régresser
(intransitive) To move backwards to an earlier stage; to devolve.

regression /ɹiːˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹeʃ.ən/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛʃ.ən/ regressions n
régression
An action of regressing, a return to a previous state.
(statistics) An analytic method to measure the association of one or more independent variables with a dependent variable.

regressive more regressive most regressive adj
régressif
That tends to return, revert or regress.
(of a tax) Whose rate decreases as the taxed amount increases.

regressive assimilation regressive assimilations n
assimilation régressive
(phonetics, phonology) An assimilation whereby a sound becomes more like the following sound.

regret /ɹiˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ regrets n
regret
Emotional pain on account of something done or experienced in the past, with a wish that it had been different; a looking back with dissatisfaction or with longing.
(decision theory) The amount of avoidable loss that results from choosing the wrong action.

regret /ɹiˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹəˈɡɹɛt/ /ɹɪˈɡɹɛt/ v
regretter
To feel sorry about (a thing that has or has not happened), afterthink: to wish that a thing had not happened, that something else had happened instead.

regrettable more regrettable most regrettable adj
regrettable
Able to be regretted, especially deserving of regret.

regrouping regroupings n
regroupement
A new grouping; the act or result of grouping again.

regular /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/ [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ] [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ] more regular most regular adj
régulier
(Christianity) Bound by religious rule; belonging to a monastic or religious order (often as opposed to secular). [from 14th c.]
Having a constant pattern; showing evenness of form or appearance. [from 15th c.]
(geometry, of a polygon) Both equilateral and equiangular; having all sides of the same length, and all (corresponding) angles of the same size [from 16th c.]
(geometry, of a polyhedron) Whose faces are all congruent regular polygons, equally inclined to each other.
Happening at constant (especially short) intervals. [from 17th c.]
(grammar, of a verb, plural, etc) Following a set or common pattern; according to the normal rules of a given language. [from 17th c.]
(chiefly, military) Permanently organised; being part of a set professional body of troops. [from 17th c.]
en ordre régulier
Demonstrating a consistent set of rules; showing order, evenness of operation or occurrence. [from 16th c.]
classique normal ordinaire
(chiefly, US) Having the expected characteristics or appearances; normal, ordinary, standard. [from 17th c.]
réglé
Having bowel movements or menstrual periods at constant intervals in the expected way. [from 18th c.]
commun
(botany, zoology) Having all the parts of the same kind alike in size and shape.

regular /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.lɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.lə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ/ [ˈɹɛɡ.jɪ̈.lɚ] [ˈɹɛɡ.l̩ɚ] regulars n
habitué habituée habituées habitués régulier
A frequent, routine visitor to an establishment.
habitué régulier
A frequent customer, client or business partner.

regular expression regular expressions n
expression rationnelle expression régulière
(comptheory) A concise description of a regular formal language with notations for concatenation, alternation, and iteration (repetition) of subexpressions.

regular polygon regular polygons n
polygone régulier
(geometry) A polygon which is both equiangular and equilateral (i.e. having all sides the same length and all interior angles the same).

regular verb regular verbs n
verbe régulier
(grammar) A verb which conjugates regularly. In English, a verb which uses an -ed suffix to form its past participle.

regularity /ˌɹɛɡjuˈlæɹəti/ regularities n
régularité
(uncountable) The condition or quality of being regular

regularize /ˈɹɛɡjəlɚaɪz/ v
régulariser
To make regular.

regularly /ˈɹɛɡjəli/ /ˈɹɛɡjəlɚli/ /ˈɹɛɡjʊləli/ more regularly most regularly adv
régulièrement fréquemment
With constant frequency or pattern.
normalement ordinairement
normally; ordinarily.

regulate /ˈɹɛɡjəleɪt/ v
régler
To adjust (a mechanism) for accurate and proper functioning.

regulation /ˌɹɛɡjəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛɡjʊˈleɪʃən/ regulations n
règlement
(uncountable) The act of regulating or the condition of being regulated.
(European Union law) A form of legislative act which is self-effecting, and requires no further intervention by the Member States to become law.
règlement réglementation
(countable) A law or administrative rule, issued by an organization, used to guide or prescribe the conduct of members of that organization.
régulation
(genetics) Mechanism controlling DNA transcription.
(medicine) Physiological process which consists in maintaining homoeostasis.

regulator /ˈɹɛɡ.ju.leɪt.ɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt.ə/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jə.leɪt.ɚ/ /ˈɹɛɡ.jʊ.leɪt.ə/ regulators n
régulateur
(genetics) A gene involved in controlling the expression of one or more other genes.

regulatory /ˈɹɛɡjələtɹi/ /ˈɹɛɡjələˌtoʊɹi/ /ˈɹɛɡjələˌtɔːɹi/ adj
réglementaire régulateur régulatoire
Of or pertaining to regulation.

regulatory framework regulatory frameworks n
cadre de régulation
A set of regulations that is valid in a given industry.

regurgitate /ɹɪˈɡɝd͡ʒəˌteɪt/ regurgitates n
régurgiter
Something regurgitated; regurgitated matter.

regurgitator regurgitators n
régurgiteur

rehab /ˈɹiːhæb/ rehabs n
désintox
(informal) An institution for rehabilitation.

rehabilitate /ɹiː(h)əˈbɪlɪteɪt/ v
réhabiliter
(transitive) To restore (someone) to their former state, reputation, possessions, status etc. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To vindicate; to restore the reputation or image of (a person, concept etc.). [from 18th c.]
(transitive, criminology) To restore to (a criminal etc.) the necessary training and education to allow for a successful reintegration into society; to retrain. [from 19th c.]
(transitive, medicine) To return (someone) to good health after illness, addiction, etc. [from 19th c.]

rehabilitation /ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ [ˌɹiː.əˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃn̩] rehabilitations n
réhabilitation
The process of rehabilitating somebody or something.

rehair rehairs n
reméchage remécher
(musical instruments, lutherie, bowmaking) An instance of re-hairing.

rehash /ɹiːˈhæʃ/ /ˈɹiːˌhæʃ/ v
ressasser
(transitive) To repeat with minor variation.

rehear v
réentendre
(transitive) To hear again.

rehearsal /ɹɪˈhɜːsl̩/ /ɹɪˈhɝsl̩/ rehearsals n
répétition
The practicing of something which is to be performed before an audience, usually to test or improve the interaction between several participating people, or to allow technical adjustments with respect to staging to be done.

rehearse /ɹɪˈhɝs/ [ɹɪˈhɜːs] v
rabâcher ressasser
(transitive) To repeat, as what has been already said; to tell over again; to recite.
répéter
(ambitransitive) To practise by recitation or repetition in private for experiment and improvement, prior to a public representation, especially in theater

reheat v
réchauffer
(transitive) To heat something after it has cooled off, especially previously cooked food (also in figurative senses).

rehouse v
reloger
(transitive) To give a new house to; to relocate someone to a new house.

reichsmark reichsmarks n
reichsmark
(historical, numismatics) The monetary unit in Germany between 1924 and 1948.

reification /ˌɹeɪəfəˈkeɪʃən/ reifications n
réification
The consideration of an abstract thing as if it were concrete, or of an inanimate object as if it were living.

reify /ˈɹeɪ.ə.faɪ/ /ˈɹiː.ə.faɪ/ v
réifier
(transitive) To regard something abstract as if it were a concrete material thing.

reign /ɹeɪn/ reigns n
règne
The exercise of sovereign power.
The period during which a monarch rules.

reign /ɹeɪn/ v
régner
(intransitive) To exercise sovereign power, to rule as a monarch.

reimbursable adj
remboursable
Capable of being reimbursed.

reimburse /ˌɹiːɪmˈbɜː(ɹ)s/ v
rembourser
To compensate with payment; especially, to repay money spent on one's behalf.

reimbursement /ˌɹiː.ɪmˈbɜːs.mənt/ reimbursements n
remboursement
(business, management, accounting) The act of compensating someone for an expense.

reimmerse v
réimmerger
To immerse again

reimplantation reimplantations n
réimplantation
The act of implanting again.

rein /ɹeɪn/ reins n
rêne
A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.

reincarnate v
réincarner
(ambitransitive) To be, or cause to be, reborn, especially in a different body or as a different species.

reincarnation /ˌɹiːɪŋkɑː(ɹ)ˈneɪʃən/ reincarnations n
réincarnation
A rebirth of a soul, in a physical life form, such as a body.

reindeer /ˈɹeɪndɪə/ /ˈɹeɪndɪɹ/ reindeer reindeers n
renne caribou
(plural: reindeer) Any Arctic and subarctic-dwelling deer of the species Rangifer tarandus, with a number of subspecies.

reindeer moss reindeer mosses n
lichen des rennes
A lichen (Cladonia rangiferina) that grows in areas of alpine tundra.

reindustrialization reindustrializations n
réindustrialisation
The reintroduction of industry or industrial techniques.

reindustrialize v
réindustrialiser
To reintroduce industry or industrial techniques to.

reinette reinettes n
reinette
Any of various kinds of apple, mostly of French origin, characterized by russeting.

reinforce /ˌɹi.ɪnˈfɔɹs/ /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfoːs/ /ˌɹiː.ɪnˈfɔːs/ v
renforcer
(transitive) To strengthen, especially by addition or augmentation.
(transitive) To emphasize or review.

reinforced more reinforced most reinforced adj
renforcé
Having been or containing reinforcement.

reinforced concrete reinforced concretes n
béton armé
A building material made from Portland cement concrete with a matrix of steel bars or wires (rebars) to increase its tensile strength.

reinforcement /ˌɹiːɪnˈfɔː(ɹ)smənt/ reinforcements n
renfort
(uncountable) The act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced.
(countable) A thing that reinforces.
renforts
(in the plural) Additional troops or materiel sent to support a military action.

reinforcement learning n
apprentissage par renforcement

reinstall v
réinstaller
To install again.

reinstallation reinstallations n
réinstallation
The act or process of reinstalling.

reinstate /ɹiː.ɪnˈsteɪt/ v
réintégrer rétablir
(transitive) To restore to a former position or rank.
réactiver rétablir
(transitive) To bring back into use or existence; resurrect.

reinsurance reinsurances n
réassurance
(business, insurance) Insurance purchased by insurance companies that spreads the risk associated with selling insurance around so the danger of one large monetary loss is minimized.

reintegration reintegrations n
réintégration
The process of reintegrating.

reinterpret v
réinterpréter
To interpret again.

reintroduce v
réintroduire
(transitive) To introduce again.

reinvent the wheel /ˌɹiːɪnˌvɛnt ðə ˈ(h)wiːl/ v
réinventer la roue
(idiomatic) To do work unnecessarily when it has already been done satisfactorily by others; to attempt to devise a solution to a problem when a solution already exists.

reinvigorate v
revigorer
To give new life, energy or strength to someone or something; to revitalize

reinvite v
réinviter
(transitive) To invite again.

reis reises n
raïs
(historical) The holder of a Turkish military rank akin to that of naval captain.

reiter /ˈɹʌɪtə/ reiters n
reître
(historical) A German cavalry soldier of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

reiterate /ɹiˈɪt.əɹ.eɪt/ more reiterate most reiterate adj
réitéré
Reiterated; repeated.

reiterate /ɹiˈɪt.əɹ.eɪt/ v
réitérer
(transitive) To say or do (something) repeatedly.

reject /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈɹiː.d͡ʒɛkt/ v
rejeter
(transitive) To refuse to accept.

rejection /ɹəˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ rejections n
rejet refus
The act of rejecting.

rejoice /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɔɪs/ v
réjouir
(intransitive) To be very happy, be delighted, exult; to feel joy. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To make happy, exhilarate. [from 15th c.]

rejoinder /ɹɪd͡ʒˈɔɪndɚ/ rejoinders n
réplique réponse
(legal) The defendant's answer to the replication.

rejoneador rejoneadors n
rejoneador
(bullfighting) A mounted bullfighter whose task is to provoke the bull

rejuvenate /ɹiːˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ /ɹɪˈd͡ʒuːvəneɪt/ v
rajeunir
To render young again.

rejuvenation rejuvenations n
rajeunissement
The process of rendering young again.

rekindle v
rallumer
(transitive) To kindle again.
raviver
(transitive, figurative) To revive.

relapse /ɹɪˈlæps/ /ˈɹiːˌlæps/ relapses n
rechute récidive
The act or situation of relapsing.

relapse /ɹɪˈlæps/ /ˈɹiːˌlæps/ v
rechuter
(intransitive) To fall back again; to slide or turn back into a former state or practice.

relate /ɹiˈleɪt/ /ɹɪˈleɪt/ v
concerner

related /ɹɪˈleɪtɪd/ more related most related adj
lié apparenté
Standing in relation or connection.
apparenté
Being a relative of.

related right related rights n
droit voisin
(copyright, usually, in the plural) A right of a creative work not connected with the work's actual author.

relation /ɹɪˈleɪʃən/ relations n
relation
The manner in which two things may be associated.
(databases) A set of ordered tuples retrievable by a relational database; a table.
(mathematics) A statement of equality of two products of generators, used in the presentation of a group.
parent parentage parentaille parente parentèle parenté
A member of one's extended family; a relative.

relational more relational most relational adj
relationnel
(databases) Of a database technology using tables and adhering to Codd’s 12 rules.

relational adjective relational adjectives n
adjectif relationnel
(grammar) An adjective that defines a relation and not a qualification.

relational database relational databases n
base de données relationnelle
(databases) A database consisting of separate tables, having explicitly defined relationships, and whose elements may be selectively combined as the results of queries.

relational model relational models n
modèle relationnel
(databases) A database model that is based on first-order predicate logic.

relationship /ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃənˌʃɪp/ [ɹɪˈleɪ.ʃn̩ˌʃɪp] relationships n
rapport
Connection or association; the condition of being related.
relation
Kinship; being related by blood or marriage.
A romantic or sexual involvement.

relationship anarchy n
anarchie relationelle
The practice of forming anti-mononormative and anti-hierarchical relationships.

relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] adj
relatif
Connected to or depending on something else; comparative.

relative /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] relatives n
parent
Someone connected by blood, marriage, or adoption; someone in the same family.

relative atomic mass n
masse atomique relative poids atomique
(physics) The ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom. Symbol Ar; abbreviation RAM or r.a.m. For elements with several isotopes, the most stable isotope is treated as the representative.

relative clause relative clauses n
relative subordonnée relative proposition relative
(grammar) A subordinate clause that modifies a noun.

relative humidity relative humidities n
humidité relative
(meteorology) The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor (absolute humidity) present in the air to the saturation point at the same temperature, usually expressed as a percentage.

relative pitch relative pitches n
oreille relative
(music, uncountable) The ability to identify or create a given note by comparing it with a reference note and discerning the interval between those two notes.

relative pronoun relative pronouns n
pronom relatif
(grammar) A pronoun that introduces a relative clause and refers to an antecedent. Some words that can be used as interrogative pronouns can alternatively be used as relative pronouns: what, which, who, and whom. The other relative pronouns are whoever, whomever, whatever, and that.

relative superlative relative superlatives n
superlatif relatif
(grammar) In Greek: one of the degrees of comparison of an adjective, the equivalent in English of the superlative, similar to the comparative superlative used in Spanish. Compare with absolute superlative.

relatively /ˈɹɛl.ə.tɪv.li/ [tʰ] [ɾ] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.tʰɪv] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv.li] [ˈɹɛl.ə.ɾɪv] adv
relativement
In a relative manner; with reference to environment or competition; contextually or comparatively.
(sometimes, proscribed) Somewhat; fairly.

relativism relativisms n
relativisme
(uncountable, philosophy) The theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.

relativity /ɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ /ˌɹɛləˈtɪvɪti/ [-ɾi] relativities n
relativité
(uncountable) The state of being relative to something else; the absence of universally applicable rules or standards; relativism; (countable) an instance of this.
(uncountable, physics) Short for principle of relativity (“the principle that the laws of physics should be the same for all observers”).

relativize v
relativiser
To make one thing relative to another.

relaunch relaunches n
relancement
The act or fact of launching again.

relaunch v
relancer
To launch again.

relax /ɹɪˈlæks/ v
détendre se relaxer
(transitive) To calm down.
relâcher
(transitive) To make something loose.
se détendre
(intransitive) To become less severe or tense.

relaxation /ˌɹilækˈseɪʃən/ /ˌɹɪlækˈseɪʃən/ relaxations n
relaxation détente
The act of relaxing or the state of being relaxed; the opposite of stress or tension; the aim of recreation and leisure activities.

relaxed /ɹɪˈlækst/ more relaxed most relaxed adj
détendu
Free from tension or anxiety; at ease; leisurely. [from 18th c.]

relaxing more relaxing most relaxing adj
reposant relaxant
Conducive to relaxation; helping one to relax.

relay /ɹiˈleɪ/ /ˈɹiːleɪ/ relays n
relais relai
(electronics) An electrical actuator that allows a relatively small electrical voltage or current to control a larger voltage or current. [from 19th c.]

relay /ɹiˈleɪ/ /ˈɹiːleɪ/ v
transmettre
(transitive) To pass on or transfer (information). [from 19th c.]
relayer
(transitive, now, _, rare) To place (people or horses) in relays, such that one can take over from another. [from 18th c.]

relayer relayers n
relayeur relayeuse
An athlete who takes part in a relay race.

relearn /ɹiːˈləːn/ v
réapprendre

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ releases n
lâcher relâche
The event of setting (someone or something) free (e.g. hostages, slaves, prisoners, caged animals, hooked or stuck mechanisms).
version
(software) The distribution, either public or private, of an initial or new and upgraded version of a computer software product.
parution sortie
Anything recently released or made available (as for sale).
remise de dette
(legal) The giving up of a claim, especially a debt.
libération
(biochemistry) The process by which a chemical substance is set free.

release /ɹiˈliːs/ /ɹəˈliːs/ /ɹɪˈliːs/ v
libérer lâcher quittancer
To let go (of); to cease to hold or contain.
libérer
To free or liberate; to set free.
quittancer sortir
(legal) To let go, as a legal claim; to discharge or relinquish a right to, as lands or tenements, by conveying to another who has some right or estate in possession, as when the person in remainder releases his right to the tenant in possession; to quit.
quittancer
To loosen; to relax; to remove the obligation of.
(intransitive) to launch; to come out; to become available.

relegate /ˈɹɛlɪɡeɪt/ v
reléguer
(transitive, done to a person) Exile or banish to a particular place.

relegation relegations n
relégation
The act of being relegated
(sports) Moving from one division to a lower one, due to finishing the season with fewer points than others.

relegation zone relegation zones n
zone de relégation zone rouge
(sports) The bottom part of e.g. a sports table, listing how well teams have played over a period of time. All teams that end up in the relegation zone are relegated.

relent /ɹɪˈlɛnt/ relents n
se retirer
Stay; stop; delay.

relentless /ɹɪˈlɛntləs/ more relentless most relentless adj
implacable impitoyable
Unrelenting or unyielding in severity.
tenace
Unremitting, steady and persistent.

relentlessness /ɹɪˈlɛntləsnəs/ n
acharnement
The condition of being relentless.

relevance /ˈɹɛl.ə.vən(t)s/ /ˈɹɛl.ɪ.vən(t)s/ relevances n
pertinence importance
The property or state of being relevant or pertinent.

relevancy /ˈɹɛlɪvənsi/ relevancies n
pertinence
(uncountable) The degree to which a thing is relevant; relevance, applicability. [from 17th c.]

relevant /ˈɹɛləvənt/ more relevant most relevant adj
pertinent
Related, connected, or pertinent to a topic.

reliability reliabilities n
fiabilité
The quality of being reliable, dependable, or trustworthy.
(education) the ability to measure the same thing consistently (of a measurement indicating the degree to which the measure is consistent); that is, repeated measurements would give the same result (See also validity).

reliable /ɹɪˈlaɪəbəl/ more reliable most reliable adj
fiable sûr
Suitable or fit to be relied on; worthy of dependence, reliance or trust; dependable, trustworthy

reliably more reliably most reliably adv
fiable fiablement
In a reliable manner.

reliance /ɹɪˈlaɪəns/ reliances n
confiance
The act of relying (on or in someone or something); trust.
dépendance
The condition of being reliant or dependent.

reliant more reliant most reliant adj
dépendant
Having reliance on somebody or something.

relic /ˈɹɛlɪk/ relics n
reliquat
That which remains; that which is left after loss or decay; a remaining portion.
relique
(religion) A part of the body of a saint, or an ancient religious object, kept for veneration.

relief /ɹɪˈliːf/ reliefs n
soulagement allégement
The removal of stress or discomfort.
relief
(uncountable) A method of sculpture or other artwork in which shapes or figures protrude from a flat background.
The apparent difference in elevation in the surface of a painting or drawing made noticeable by a variation in light or color.
The difference of elevations on a surface.
(heraldry) The supposed projection of a charge from the surface of a field, indicated by shading on the sinister and lower sides.
soulagement
The feeling associated with the removal of stress or discomfort.
relève
Release from a post or duty, as when replaced by another.
The person who takes over a shift for another.

relief agency relief agencies n
organisation humanitaire
A humanitarian organization trying to bring relief to the poor and needy.

relief printing n
taille d'épargne
Any printing method in which the ink is laid upon the protruding parts of the printing form.

relieve /ɹɪˈliːv/ v
faire ses besoins se soulager
soulager
(transitive) To ease (a person, person's thoughts etc.) from mental distress; to stop (someone) feeling anxious or worried, to alleviate the distress of. [from 14th c.]
relayer
(originally, military) To free (someone) from their post, task etc. by taking their place. [from 16th c.]

relieved /ɹɪˈliːvd/ more relieved most relieved adj
soulagé
Experiencing or exhibiting relief; freed from stress or discomfort.

religiological more religiological most religiological adj
religiologique

religiologist religiologists n
religiologue

religion /ɹɪˈlɪd͡ʒən/ religions n
religion
(uncountable) Belief in a spiritual or metaphysical reality (often including at least one deity), accompanied by practices or rituals pertaining to the belief.

religious /ɹɪ.ˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/ more religious most religious adj
religieux
Committed to the practice or adherence of religion.
Belonging or pertaining to a religious order or religious congregation.

religious /ɹɪ.ˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/ religious religiouses n
religieuse religieux
A member of a religious order or congregation, i.e. a monk, nun, sister, brother, friar, or religious priest.

religious order religious orders n
ordre religieux
(religion) An organized community of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion, usually characterized by the principles of the founder's religious practice.

religious studies n
sciences des religions
The academic study of religious beliefs, behaviours and institutions.

religiously more religiously most religiously adv
religieusement
In the manner of religion.

relinquish /ɹɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ/ v
laisser
abandonner renoncer
(transitive) To give up, abandon or retire from something. To trade away.
lâcher relâcher
(transitive) To let go (free, away), physically release.

reliquary /ˈɹɛlɪkwəɹi/ /ˈɹɛlɪkwɛɹi/ reliquaries n
reliquaire
A container to hold or display religious relics.

relish /ˈɹɛl.ɪʃ/ relishes n
relish
A cooked or pickled sauce, usually made with vegetables or fruits, generally used as a condiment.

relish /ˈɹɛl.ɪʃ/ v
savourer délecter
(transitive) To taste or eat with pleasure, to like the flavor of [from 16th c.]
parfumer
(transitive) To give a taste to; to cause to taste nice, to make appetizing. [from 16th c.]

relive /ɹiːˈlɪv/ v
revivre
(obsolete, transitive) To bring back to life; to revive, resuscitate. [16th–17th c.]

reload /ɹiːˈləʊd/ /ˈɹiːləʊd/ v
rafraîchir
(computing) To refresh a copy of a program etc. in memory or of a web page etc. on screen
recharger
To load (something) again.

relocate /ˌɹiloʊ̯ˈkeɪ̯t/ /ˌɹiˈloʊ̯keɪ̯t/ /ˌɹiːləʊˈkeɪt/ /ˌɹiːləˈkeɪt/ v
déplacer
(transitive) to move (something) from one place to another.
déménager
(intransitive) to change one's domicile or place of business.

relocation /ˌɹiːləʊˈkeɪʃən/ relocations n
déménagement délocalisation
The act of moving from one place to another.

relook v
reregarder
To look again.

reluctance /ɹɪˈlʌktəns/ reluctances n
réticence répugnance
Unwillingness to do something.
réluctance
(physics) That property of a magnetic circuit analogous to resistance in an electric circuit.

reluctant /ɹɪˈlʌktənt/ more reluctant most reluctant adj
réfractaire réticent récalcitrant rétif
Not wanting to take some action; unwilling to do something.

reluctantly /ɹɪˈlʌktəntli/ more reluctantly most reluctantly adv
à contrecœur
In a reluctant or hesitant manner.

rely /ɹɪˈlaɪ/ v
compter sur
(with on or upon, formerly also with in) to trust; to have confidence in; to depend.

rely on v
compter sur se fier à

remain /ɹɪˈmeɪn/ remains n
reste
(mostly, in the plural) That which is left; relic; remainder.

remain /ɹɪˈmeɪn/ v
rester demeurer
To continue unchanged in place, form, or condition, or undiminished in quantity; to abide; to stay; to endure; to last.

remain to be seen v
rester à savoir rester à voir
(idiomatic) To have not yet happened; to be as yet unknown.

remainder /ɹəˈmeɪndə/ /ɹəˈmeɪndɚ/ /ɹɪˈmeɪndə/ remainders n
invendu restant résidu surplus
reste
A part or parts remaining after some has/have been removed or already occurred.
(mathematics) The amount left over after subtracting the divisor as many times as possible from the dividend without producing a negative result. If n (dividend) and d (divisor) are integers, then n can always be expressed in the form n = dq + r, where q (quotient) and r (remainder) are also integers and 0 ≤ r &#60; d.

remaining /ɹɪˈmeɪnɪŋ/ adj
restant qui reste
Which remains, especially after something else has been removed.

remains /ɹɪˈmeɪnz/ n
cendres dépouille restes
What is left after a person (or any organism) dies; a corpse.
reste restes ruines
All that is left of the stock of some things; remnants.

remake /ɹiːˈmeɪk/ /ˈɹiːmeɪk/ remakes n
copie remake
A new version of something.
remake reprise
A new, especially updated, version of a film, video game, etc.

remake /ɹiːˈmeɪk/ /ˈɹiːmeɪk/ v
refaire
(transitive) To make again.

remand /ɹəˈmænd/ /ɹɪˈmɑːnd/ remands n
maintien
The act of sending an accused person back into custody whilst awaiting trial.
renvoi
The act of an appellate court sending a matter back to a lower court for review or disposal.

remand /ɹəˈmænd/ /ɹɪˈmɑːnd/ v
maintenir renvoyer

remark /ɹɪˈmɑɹk/ /ɹɪˈmɑːk/ remarks n
remarque
An act of pointing out or noticing; notice or observation.
An expression, in speech or writing, of something remarked or noticed; a mention of something

remarkable /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbl̩/ /ɹɪˈmɑːkəbl̩/ more remarkable most remarkable adj
remarquable
Worthy of remark; notable; interesting.

remarkably /ɹɪˈmɑɹkəbli/ /ɹɪˈmɑːkəbli/ more remarkably most remarkably adv
remarquablement
(manner) In a remarkable manner.

remaster v
remastériser
(film) To create a new master copy by enhancing sound or picture quality of an older recording.

remasticate v
remâcher
To chew or masticate again.
(figuratively) To go over or ponder again.

rematch /ɹiːˈmætʃ/ /ˈɹiː.mætʃ/ rematches n
revanche
A repeated contest staged between the same opponents or teams which played a previous contest.

remdesivir /ɹɛmˈdiː.zɪˌvɪə(ɹ)/ /ɹɛmˈdɛs.ɪˌvɪə(ɹ)/ n
remdésivir
(pharmaceutical drug) A novel antiviral drug (C27H35N6O8P) with activity against a wide range of single-stranded RNA viruses, indicated for the treatment of COVID-19.

remediation remediations n
réparation dépollution rattrapage
The act or process of remedying a situation.

remedy /ˈɹɛmədi/ remedies n
remède
Something that corrects or counteracts.
A medicine, application, or treatment that relieves or cures a disease.
recours
(legal) The legal means to recover a right or to prevent or obtain redress for a wrong.

remedy /ˈɹɛmədi/ v
remédier
(transitive) To provide or serve as a remedy for.

remember /ɹɪˈmɛmbə/ /ɹɪˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈmɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɛmbɚ/ /ˈɹɪmbɚ/ v
se rappeler se souvenir se remémorer
To recall from one's memory; to have an image in one's memory.
retenir
To memorize; to put something into memory.
penser à
To not forget (to do something required)

remilitarization remilitarizations n
remilitarisation

remind /ɹəˈmaɪnd/ /ɹɪˈmaɪnd/ v
rappeler
(transitive) To cause one to experience a memory (of someone or something); to bring to the notice or consideration (of a person).

reminder /ɹɪˈmaɪn.də/ /ɹɪˈmaɪn.dɚ/ reminders n
rappel
Someone or something that reminds.
(finance) Writing that reminds of open payments.

reminisce /ˌɹɛm.əˈnɪs/ v
se remémorer évoquer des réminiscences
(intransitive) To recall the past in a private moment, often fondly or nostalgically.

reminiscence /ˌɹɛm.əˈnɪs.əns/ reminiscences n
réminiscence
A mental image thus remembered.

remission /ɹəˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ /ɹɪˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ remissions n
pardon rémission
A pardon of a sin; (chiefly, historical, also, figuratively) the forgiveness of an offence, or relinquishment of a (legal) claim or a debt.

remit v
remettre
(transitive) To forgive, pardon (a wrong, offence, etc.).

remittance /ɹɪˈmɪtəns/ remittances n
virement
Money which is sent to someone, typically to someone in another country.

remix /ɹiˈmɪks/ /ˈɹiˌmɪks/ remixes n
remix
(music) A rearrangement of an older piece of music, possibly including various cosmetic changes.

remnant /ˈɹɛmnənt/ remnants n
reste
The small portion remaining of a larger thing or group.
An unsold end of piece goods, as cloth, ribbons, carpets, etc.

remodel v
remodeler
To change the appearance, layout, or furnishings of.

remorse /ɹɪˈmɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈmɔː(ɹ)s/ remorses n
remords componction
A feeling of regret or sadness for doing wrong or sinning.

remote [ɹəˈməʊt] [ɹɪˈmoʊt] [ɹɪˈməʊt] [ˌɹiːˈməʊt] more remote most remote remoter remotest adj
distant
At a distance; disconnected.
éloigné
Distant or otherwise inaccessible.

remote [ɹəˈməʊt] [ɹɪˈmoʊt] [ɹɪˈməʊt] [ˌɹiːˈməʊt] remotes n
télécommande
Ellipsis of remote control.

remote control remote controls n
télécommande manette
(countable) A device used to operate an appliance (such as a television, vehicle, or mechanical toy) from a short distance away.

remote sensing n
télédétection
(science) The capability to gain information about an object without coming in direct contact with it, for example via satellite imaging or thermal imaging.

remote viewing n
vision à distance
(parapsychology) A paranormal ability by which a person can gather information about a distant unseen target.

remote-controlled adj
télécommandé téléguidé
Operated by remote control

remotely /ɹɪˈmoʊtli/ more remotely most remotely adv
à distance
At a distance, far away.

remoteness remotenesses n
éloignement
The quality of being remote.

remoulade /ɹɛmuːˈlɑːd/ /ɹɜməˈlɑːd/ remoulades n
rémoulade
A popular condiment in many countries, usually mayonnaise-based.

removable adj
amovible
Able to be removed.

removal /ɹəˈmʉː.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmu.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmuː.vəl/ /ɹɪˈmʉː.vəl/ removals n
enlèvement prélèvement élimination
The process of removing, or the fact of being removed.
déménagement
The relocation of a business etc.
déménagement destitution
(Ireland) An evening funeral ritual in which the coffin holding the deceased is brought, usually from a funeral home, to the church where the funeral mass will be celebrated the following day. Prayers are said before and after the journey, after which mourners are typically received at the home of the deceased.

removal van removal vans n
fourgon de déménagement
(UK) An enclosed vehicle which is used for moving furniture and other belongings when moving house.

remove /ɹɪˈmuːv/ v
enlever
(transitive) To move from one place to another, especially to take away.

remuneration /ɹə.mjuː.nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹɪˌmjuː.nəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹɪˌnuː.məˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ remunerations n
rémunération
Something given in exchange for goods or services rendered.
salaire
A payment for work done; wages, salary, emolument.

renal /ˈɹiːnəl/ adj
rénal
Pertaining to the kidneys.

renal pelvis renal pelves renal pelvises n
bassinet du rein petit bassin du rein
(anatomy) The funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney.

rename /ɹiːˈneɪm/ v
renommer
(transitive) To give a new name to.

renamer renamers n
renommeur
(computing) A program or process that performs renaming.

renaming renamings n
renommage
(gerund of rename) An act in which something is renamed

rend /ɹɛnd/ v
déchirer rompre
(transitive) To separate into parts with force or sudden violence; to split; to burst

render /ˈɹɛn.də/ /ˈɹɛn.dɚ/ v
rendre
(ditransitive) To cause to become.
traduire
(transitive, dated) To give up; to yield; to surrender.
rendu
(transitive, computer graphics) To transform (a model) into a display on the screen or other media.
plâtrer
(construction) To cover a wall with a layer of plaster.
interpréter
(obsolete) To return; to pay back; to restore.

render unto Caesar v
rendre à César ce qui est à César
(idiomatic) To give (something) to one's state or government, especially in the form of a tax payment.

rendezvous /ˈɹɑndeɪ̯ˌvu/ /ˈɹɑndəˌvu/ /ˈɹɒndeɪ̯ˌvuː/ /ˈɹɒndɪˌvuː/ rendezvous rendezvouses n
rendez-vous
A meeting or date.
An agreement to meet at a certain place and time.

rendezvous /ˈɹɑndeɪ̯ˌvu/ /ˈɹɑndəˌvu/ /ˈɹɒndeɪ̯ˌvuː/ /ˈɹɒndɪˌvuː/ v
se donner rendez-vous se rejoindre se rencontrer
(intransitive) To meet at an agreed time and place.

rendition /ɹɛnˈdɪʃ(ə)n/ renditions n
interprétation
An interpretation or performance of an artwork, especially a musical score or musical work. [from 19th c.]

renegade /ˈɹɛnəˌɡeɪd/ /ˈɹɛnɪˌɡeɪd/ renegades n
rebelle renégat renégate
An outlaw or rebel.
renégat renégate
A disloyal person who betrays or deserts a cause, religion, political party, friend, etc.

renege /ɹiː-/ /ɹɪˈneɪɡ/ /ɹɪˈniːɡ/ /ɹɪˈnɛɡ/ /ɹɪˈnɪɡ/ v
manquer à la parole
(intransitive) To break a promise or commitment; to go back on one's word.

renegotiate v
renégocier
To negotiate new terms to replace old ones.

renew /ɹɪˈnjuː/ /ɹɪˈnu/ v
renouveler
(transitive) To make (something) new again; to restore to freshness or original condition. [from 14thc.]

renewable more renewable most renewable adj
renouvelable
Able to be renewed; capable of renewal.
(of a resource) Sustainable; able to be regrown or renewed; having an ongoing or continuous source of supply.

renewable energy renewable energies n
énergie renouvelable
Energy that is collected from renewable resources, such as wind, water, or the sun, usually and especially as applied to a category of electrical generation.

renewal renewals n
renouvèlement renouvellement
The act of renewing.

reniform /-nɪ-/ /ˈɹiː-/ /ˈɹɛnəˌfɔɹm/ /ˈɹɛnɪfɔːm/ adj
réniforme
(chiefly, biology, mineralogy) Synonym of kidney-shaped (“having an approximately circular or elongated ovoid shape with an inward curve or indentation on one side”)

renminbi /ˈɹɛn.mɪn.bi/ renminbi renminbis n
renminbi
The official currency of the People's Republic of China.

rennet /ˈɹɛnɪt/ rennets n
présure
An enzyme used as the first step in making cheese, to curdle the milk and coagulate the casein in it, derived by soaking the fourth stomach of a milk-fed calf in brine.

rennin /ˈɹɛ.nɪn/ rennins n
chymosine
(enzyme) A proteolytic enzyme, obtained from the gastric juice of the abomasum of calves, used to coagulate milk and make cheese.

renounce the world v
renoncer au monde

renovate /ˈɹɛnəveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəʊveɪt/ /ˈɹɛnəˌveɪt/ v
rénover à neuf
(transitive) To renew; to revamp something to make it look new again.

renovation /ˈɹɛnəveɪʃən/ renovations n
rénovation
An act, or the process, of renovating.

renoviction renovictions n
rénoviction

renown /ɹɪˈnaʊn/ renowns n
renommée renom
Fame; celebrity; wide recognition.

renowned /ɹɪˈnaʊnd/ more renowned most renowned adj
renommé de renom
Famous, celebrated, or well-known; widely praised or highly honored.

rent /ɹɛnt/ rents n
loyer
A payment made by a tenant at intervals in order to lease a property.
déchirure
A tear or rip in some surface.
location loyer
A similar payment for the use of a product, equipment or a service.

rent /ɹɛnt/ v
louer
(transitive) To take a lease of premises in exchange for rent.
(transitive, informal) To grant a lease in return for rent.
(transitive) To obtain or have temporary possession of an object (e.g. a movie) in exchange for money.

rent boy rent boys n
giton
(chiefly, British, informal) A male prostitute, typically young and gay.

rental car rental cars n
voiture de location
A car that is or can be rented, usually for a short period, from a car rental company.

rentcharge rentcharges n
rente constituée rente à prix d’argent
(property law) An annual sum or periodic payment charged on certain freehold properties or payable out of the income of those properties and expressly giving to the rentcharger, who has no reversionary interest in the property, the right of distress for arrears.

rentier /ɹɑ̃ˈtjeɪ/ /ˈɹɒntɪeɪ/ rentiers n
rentier rentière
An individual who receives an income, usually interest, rent, dividends, capital gains, or profits from his or her assets and investments.

renunciation renunciations n
renonciation
The act of rejecting or renouncing something as invalid.

reopen /ɹiːˈəʊpən/ v
rouvrir réouvrir
(transitive) To open (something) again.
(intransitive) To open again.

reopening reopenings n
réouverture
the act of opening something again

reorganization reorganizations n
réorganisation
The act or process of rearranging. See reorganize.
The end result of such an act.

reorganize v
réorganiser
(transitive) to organize something again, or in a different manner

reorientation reorientations n
réorientation
The act of changing the direction of something.

rep /ɹɛp/ reps n
reps
(textiles) A fabric made of silk or wool, or of silk and wool, and having a transversely corded or ribbed surface. [from 19th c.]

rep-tile rep-tiles n
reptuile

repaint /ɹiːˈpeɪnt/ /ˈɹiːpeɪnt/ v
repeindre
To paint anew or again, especially if recently painted.

repair /ɹəˈpɛɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɛə/ /ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ repairs n
réparation
The act of repairing something.
The result of repairing something.
The condition of something, in respect of need for repair.

repair /ɹəˈpɛɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɛə/ /ɹɪˈpɛɚ/ v
réparer
To restore to good working order, fix, or improve damaged condition; to mend; to remedy.

repairer repairers n
réparateur réparatrice
A person who repairs things.

repairman repairmen n
dépanneur réparateur
A man whose job is to repair things

reparable /ˈɹɛp(ə)ɹəb(ə)l/ more reparable most reparable adj
réparable
Able to be repaired.

reparation /ˌɹɛpəˈɹeɪʃən/ reparations n
réparation
(usually, in the plural) A payment of time, effort or money to compensate for past transgression(s).

repartee /ˌɹɛpɑɹˈteɪ/ /ˌɹɛpɑːˈtiː/ repartees n
repartie
A swift, witty reply, especially one that is amusing.
A conversation marked by a series of witty retorts.

repartition repartitions n
répartition
A distribution or apportioning of something again.

repartition v
partitionner
(transitive, computing) To format (a hard drive, a database, etc.) into different partitions.
repartitionner
(transitive) to partition again

repatriate /ɹiːˈpeɪ.tɹi.eɪt/ /ɹiːˈpæ.tɹi.eɪt/ v
rapatrier
(transitive) To restore (a person) to their own country.
(transitive) To return or restore (artworks, museum exhibits, etc.) to their country of origin.

repatriation repatriations n
rapatriement
The process of returning of a person to their country of origin or citizenship.

repdigit /ˈɹɛpˌdɪd͡ʒɪt/ repdigits n
nombre uniforme
(recreational mathematics) A number composed only of one or more occurrences of one specific digit and no other digit.

repeal /ɹəˈpiːl/ v
abroger révoquer annuler
(transitive) To cancel, invalidate, annul.
To recall; to summon (a person) again; to bring (a person) back from exile or banishment.
To suppress; to repel.

repeat /ɹɪˈpit/ /ɹɪˈpiːt/ /ˈɹi.pit/ repeats n
répétition
(genetics, biochemistry) A pattern of nucleic acids that occur in multiple copies throughout a genome (or of amino acids in a protein).

repeat /ɹɪˈpit/ /ɹɪˈpiːt/ /ˈɹi.pit/ v
répéter
(transitive) To do or say again (and again).

repeat offender repeat offenders n
récidiviste
A person who has previously offended against the law, often someone who may be deemed incorrigible.

repeated /ɹɪˈpiːtɪd/ more repeated most repeated adj
répété
Having been said or done again.

repeatedly /ɹɪˈpiːtɪdli/ more repeatedly most repeatedly adv
à maintes reprises à plusieurs reprises
Done several times or in repetition.

repeater repeaters n
redoublant
(education) A student repeating a course or class.
répéteur
(electronics) An electronic device that receives a weak or low-level signal and retransmits it at a higher level or higher power.

repechage /ɹəˌpɛʃˈɑʒ/ /ˈɹɛp.ə.ʃɑːʒ/ /ˈɹɛp.ɪ.ʃɑːʒ/ /ˌɹɛp.əˈʃɑʒ/ repechages n
repêchage
(sports) A heat (as in rowing or fencing) in which the best competitors who have lost in a previous round compete for a place or places yet left in the next round.

repel /ɹɪˈpɛl/ v
rebuter repousser
(transitive) To reject, put off (a request, demand etc.). [from 15th c.]
repousser
(transitive, physics) To force away by means of a repulsive force. [from 17th c.]

repellency repellencies n
déperlance répulsion water repellency

repellent /ɹəˈpɛlənt/ more repellent most repellent adj
répulsif
Tending or able to repel; driving back.
Repulsive, inspiring aversion.

repellent /ɹəˈpɛlənt/ repellents n
répulsif

repent /ɹɪˈpɛnt/ v
se repentir
(intransitive) To feel pain, sorrow, or regret for what one has done or omitted to do; the cause for repenting may be indicated with "of".
repentir
(theology, intransitive) To be sorry for sin as morally evil, and to seek forgiveness; to cease to practice sin and to love.
(transitive) To feel pain on account of; to remember with sorrow.

repentance /ɹɪˈpɛntəns/ repentances n
repentance
The condition of being penitent.
repentir
A feeling of regret or remorse for doing wrong or sinning.

repentant /ɹəˈpɛtənt/ more repentant most repentant adj
repentant repenti
Feeling or showing sorrow for wrongdoing.

reperceive v
repercevoir
To perceive again, usually in a different way.

repercussion /ˌɹi.pɚˈkʌʃ.ən/ /ˌɹiː.pəˈkʌʃ.ən/ /ˌɹɛ.pɚˈkʌʃ.ən/ repercussions n
répercussion conséquence
A consequence or ensuing result of some action.

repertoire /ˈɹɛp.ə.twɑɹ/ /ˈɹɛp.ə.twɑː/ /ˈɹɛp.əɹ.twɑɹ/ repertoires n
répertoire
A list of dramas, operas, pieces, parts, etc., which a company or a person has rehearsed and is prepared to perform or display.
The set of skills, abilities, experiences, etc., possessed by a person.

repetition /ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.ən/ [ˌɹɛp.əˈtɪʃ.n̩] repetitions n
répétition
The act or an instance of repeating or being repeated.

repetitive /ɹɪˈpɛtɪtɪv/ more repetitive most repetitive adj
répétitif
Happening many times in a similar way; containing repetition; repeating.

repetitive strain injury repetitive strain injuries n
microtraumatismes répétés
(pathology) injury to muscles and tendons caused by continuous repetitive use of particular muscle groups, especially in one's arms and hands, for example by using a keyboard and/or mouse, playing a musical instrument or working on an assembly line

rephrase v
reformuler
To say or write something with different wording.

replace /ɹɪˈpleɪs/ v
remplacer
(transitive) To supply or substitute an equivalent for

replaceable /ɹɪˈpleɪsəbəl/ more replaceable most replaceable adj
remplaçable substituable
Capable of being replaced.

replacement /ɹɪˈpleɪsmənt/ replacements n
remplaçant substitut
A person or thing that takes the place of another; a substitute.

replenish /ɹɪˈplɛn.ɪʃ/ v
réapprovisionner
(transitive) To refill; to renew; to supply again or to add a fresh quantity to.

replenishment replenishments n
reconstitution réapprovisionnement
The act of replenishing.

repletion repletions n
réplétion
The condition of being replete; fullness.

replica /ˈɹɛplɪkə/ replicas repliche n
réplique copie exacte
An exact copy.

replicate /ˈɹɛpləˌkeɪt/ /ˈɹɛpləˌkət/ v
répliquer
To make a copy (replica) of.

replication /ɹɛplɪˈkeɪʃən/ replications n
duplicata
Copy; reproduction.
réponse
(legal) A response from the plaintiff to the defendant's plea.
réplication
(biology) The process of producing replicas of DNA or RNA molecules.

replicon replicons n
réplicon
(genetics) A DNA molecule or a region of DNA that replicates as an individual unit. A replicon may be, for instance, a chromosome, a plasmid or a phage.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ replies n
réponse
A written or spoken response; part of a conversation.
Something given in reply.

reply /ɹɪˈplaɪ/ v
répondre
(transitive, intransitive) To give a written or spoken response, especially to a question, request, accusation or criticism; to answer.

repoliticize v
repolitiser

repopulation repopulations n
repeuplement repopulation
The act of repopulating, especially with a species that might otherwise die out in an area.

report /ɹəˈpoːt/ /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɹɪˈpoət/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈpɔːt/ reports n
rapport bulletin communiqué compte-rendu reportage
A piece of information describing, or an account of certain events given or presented to someone, with the most common adpositions being by (referring to creator of the report) and on (referring to the subject).
subordonné
An employee whose position in a corporate hierarchy is below that of a particular manager.

report /ɹəˈpoːt/ /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /ɹɪˈpoət/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈpɔːt/ v
rapporter signaler
(formal, transitive) To notify someone of (particular intelligence, suspicions, illegality, misconduct etc.); to make notification to relevant authorities; to submit a formal report of. [from 15th c.]
rapporter couvrir présenter
(ambitransitive) To write news reports (for); to cover as a journalist or reporter. [from 19th c.]
rapporter comptes
(intransitive) To be accountable to or subordinate to (someone) in a hierarchy; to receive orders from (someone); to give official updates to (someone who is above oneself in a hierarchy).

report card report cards n
bulletin scolaire bulletin procès-verbal d'examens
(education) A document, on cardboard or plain paper, stating which grades a student earned, at the end of a term of regular period.

reportage /ɹɪˈpɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ reportages n
reportage
The reporting of news, especially by an eyewitness.
News or information that has been reported; media coverage of a topic or event.

reported speech n
discours indirect discours rapporté
(grammar, narratology) A form of speech used to express what another has said, often involving a change in tense.

reportedly /ɹɪˈpɔːtɪdli/ adv
paraît-il supposément
According to reports or rumors; supposedly. [from 19th c.]

reporter /ɹɪˈpo(ː)ɹtɚ/ /ɹɪˈpoətə/ /ɹɪˈpɔɹtɚ/ /ɹɪˈpɔːtə/ reporters n
reporter journaliste rapporteur rapporteuse
A journalist who investigates, edits and reports news stories for newspapers, radio and television.

repository /ɹɪˈpɑ.zɪ.tɔ.ɹɪ/ /ɹɪˈpɒ.zɪ.t(ə.)ɹɪ/ repositories n
chambre-forte coffre-fort repositoire
A location for storage, often for safety or preservation.
dépositaire
(figurative) A person to whom a secret is entrusted.
dépôt référentiel répertoire
(computing) a storage location for files, such as downloadable software packages, or files in a source control system.
mausolée tombeau
A burial vault.

reprehensible more reprehensible most reprehensible adj
blâmable coupable
Blameworthy, censurable, guilty.
condamnable répréhensible
Deserving of reprehension.

reprehension /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈhɛnʃən/ reprehensions n
répréhension
the act, or an expression, of criticism, censure or condemnation; reprimand

represent /ˌɹep.ɹɪˈzent/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈzɛnt/ v
représenter jouer
(transitive) To present again or anew; to present by means of something standing in the place of; to exhibit the counterpart or image of; to typify.
(transitive) To portray by mimicry or acting; to act the part or character of
représenter
(transitive) To stand or act in the place of; to perform the duties, exercise the rights, or otherwise act on behalf of

representation /ˌɹɛp.ɹə.zɛn.ˈteɪ.ʃən/ representations n
représentation
That which represents something else.
A figure, image or idea that substitutes reality.
A theatrical performance.

representative /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈzɛnt(ət)ɪv/ more representative most representative adj
représentatif typique
Typical; having the same properties or interest as a larger group.

representative /ˌɹɛpɹɪˈzɛnt(ət)ɪv/ representatives n
député députée
Someone who represents others as a member of a legislative or governing body. [from 17th c.]
représentant député députée
(US, politics) Specifically, a member of the United States House of Representatives. [from 18th c.]
représentant représentante délégué déléguée mandataire
One who speaks for or acts on behalf of another in a particular (especially official) capacity. [from 17th c.]
représentant
Something (especially a living organism) regarded as typical of its class; a type. [from 17th c.]

representative democracy representative democracies n
démocratie représentative
(politics) A policy under the rule of people acting on the behalf of and, to a lesser extent, in the interests of the voting blocks by which they were elected.

repress /ɹəˈpɹɛs/ v
réprimer opprimer
(transitive) To forcefully prevent an upheaval from developing further.
retenir
(transitive, by extension) To check; to keep back.

repression repressions n
répression
The act of repressing; state of being repressed.
The involuntary rejection from consciousness of painful or disagreeable ideas, memories, feelings, or impulses.

repressive more repressive most repressive adj
répressif
Serving to repress or suppress; oppressive

repressor repressors n
répresseur
Anything that represses.

reprieve /ɹɪˈpɹiːv/ reprieves n
grâce
The cancellation or postponement of a punishment.
A cancellation or postponement of a proposed event undesired by many.

reprimand /ɹɛpɹɪˈmɑːnd/ /ˈɹɛp.ɹɪˌmænd/ /ˈɹɛpɹɪmɑːnd/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈmænd/ reprimands n
réprimande semonce
A severe, formal or official reproof; reprehension, rebuke, private or public.

reprimand /ɹɛpɹɪˈmɑːnd/ /ˈɹɛp.ɹɪˌmænd/ /ˈɹɛpɹɪmɑːnd/ /ˌɹɛp.ɹɪˈmænd/ v
réprimander semoncer
To reprove in a formal or official way.

reprisal /ɹɪˈpɹaɪzəl/ reprisals n
représailles
An act of retaliation.

reprise /ɹɪˈpɹaɪz/ /ɹɪˈpɹiːz/ reprises n
reprise
(music) A repetition of a phrase, a return to an earlier theme, or a second rendition or version of a song in a programme or musical.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ reproaches n
reproche réprobation
A mild rebuke, or an implied criticism.
opprobre
Disgrace or shame.

reproach /ɹɪˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈpɹəʊtʃ/ v
reprocher
(transitive) To criticize or rebuke (someone).

reproachful more reproachful most reproachful adj
réprobateur
Expressing or containing reproach
Occasioning or deserving reproach; shameful; base

reprobate /ˈɹɛpɹəbət/ more reprobate most reprobate adj
banni blackboulé blâmé condamné flétri marginalisé
(rare) Rejected; cast off as worthless.
anathématisé banni blackboulé blâmé condamné excommunié
Rejected by God; damned, sinful.
immoral cynique infâme maudit
Immoral, having no religious or principled character.

reproduce /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdjuːs/ /ˌɹi.pɹəˈdus/ /ˌɹi.pɹəˈd͡ʒuːs/ v
reproduire
(transitive) To produce an image or copy of.
(transitive) To produce again; to recreate.
se reproduire
(transitive) To bring something to mind; to recall.

reproducibility reproducibilities n
reproductibilité
The closeness of agreement among repeated measurements of a variable made under the same operating conditions over a period of time, or by different people.
The quality of being reproducible.

reproducible more reproducible most reproducible adj
reproductible
(of a measurement, experiment etc) Capable of being reproduced at a different time or place and by different people.

reproduction /ˌɹiːpɹəˈdʌkʃən/ reproductions n
reproduction
The act of reproducing new individuals biologically.
A copy of something, as in a piece of art; a duplicate.

reproductive more reproductive most reproductive adj
reproductif reproducteur
Of or relating to reproduction.

reproductive organ reproductive organs n
organe reproducteur organe sexuel
(anatomy) An organ used for sexual reproduction.

reproductive system n
système reproducteur
(anatomy) The system of organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of reproduction.

reprography reprographies n
reprographie
the reproduction, reprinting and copying of graphics, especially using electromechanical or photographic methods

reprotoxic /ˌɹipɹoʊˈtɑksɪk/ /ˌɹiːpɹəʊˈtɒksɪk/ more reprotoxic most reprotoxic adj
reprotoxique
(pharmaceutical effect, toxicology) Having a toxic effect on the process of reproduction

reptile /ɹɪpˈtaɪl/ /ˈɹɛp.taɪl/ reptiles n
reptile
(strictly) A cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia; an amniote that is neither a synapsid nor a bird; excludes amphibians. [from 19th c.]

reptilian brain reptilian brains n
cerveau reptilien

republic /ɹəˈpʌb.lɪk/ /ɹɪˈpʌb.lɪk/ republics n
république
A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor; a country with no monarchy.
(archaic) A state, which may or may not be a monarchy, in which the executive and legislative branches of government are separate.
One of the subdivisions constituting Russia. See oblast.

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ more republican most republican adj
républicain
Advocating or supporting a republic as a form of government, advocating or supporting republicanism. [from 17th c.]

republican /ɹɪˈpʌblɪkən/ republicans n
républicain républicaine
Someone who favors a republic as a form of government. [from 17th c.]

republican marriage republican marriages n
mariage républicain
(historical) An alleged form of execution during the French Revolution in which a man and woman were tied together naked, exposed to public view for a time in this condition, and then stabbed, shot, or thrown into a body of water to drown.

republicanism republicanisms n
républicanisme
The political ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic under which the people hold popular sovereignty.

republicanist republicanists n
républicaniste
One who holds republican opinions; One who oposes monarchy.

republicanization republicanizations n
républicanisation

republiqueta republiquetas n
républiquette

republish /ɹiˈpʌb.lɪʃ/ v
republier
To publish once again; to print and distribute copies of a work that has previously been printed and distributed.

repudiate /ɹəˈpjuː.di.eɪt/ /ɹɪˈpjuː.di.eɪt/ v
nier répudier
(transitive) To reject the truth or validity of; to deny.

repudiation repudiations n
répudiation
The act of refusing to accept; the act of repudiating.

repugnance /ɹɪˈpʌɡnəns/ repugnances n
répugnance

repugnant /ɹɪˈpʌɡnənt/ more repugnant most repugnant adj
répugnant repoussant repoussante répugnante
Offensive or repulsive; arousing disgust or aversion.

repulsive /ɹɪˈpʌlsɪv/ more repulsive most repulsive adj
repoussant répugnant
Tending to rouse aversion or to repulse; disgusting.

repunish v
repunir
(rare) To punish again, a further time.

repurpose /ɹiːˈpɜː.pəs/ /ɹiːˈpɝ.pəs/ v
redéfinir réaffecter réutiliser
To reuse for a different purpose, on a long-term basis, with or without alteration.

reputable /ˈɹɛpjətəbəl/ /ˈɹɛpjʊtəbəl/ more reputable most reputable adj
décent respectable
Having a good reputation; honourable.

reputation /ˌɹɛpjʊˈteɪʃən/ reputations n
réputation renommée
What somebody is known for.

repute /ɹɪˈpjuːt/ reputes n
réputation
Reputation, especially a good reputation.

request /ɹɪˈkwɛst/ requests n
requête demande
Act of requesting (with the adposition at in the presence of possessives, and on in their absence).
requête
A formal message requesting something.
(networking) A message sent over a network to a server.
demande
Condition of being sought after.

request /ɹɪˈkwɛst/ v
demander
(transitive, or, with a subjunctive clause) To ask for (something).
demander prier
(transitive) To ask (somebody) to do something.

request for proposal requests for proposal n
appel d'offres

requiem /ˈɹɛ.kwi.əm/ /ˈɹɛ.kwi.ɛm/ requiems n
requiem
A mass (especially Catholic) to honor and remember a dead person.
A musical composition for such a mass.
A piece of music composed to honor a dead person.

requiescat in pace phraseologicalUnit
repose en paix
May he/she rest in peace.

require /ɹɪˈkwaɪə/ /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹ/ /ɹɪˈkwʌɪɹ/ v
exiger
To demand, to insist upon (having); to call for authoritatively. [from 14th c.]
demander nécessiter besoin requérir
Naturally to demand (something) as indispensable; to need, to call for as necessary. [from 15th c.]
exiger prier
To demand of (someone) to do something. [from 18th c.]

requirement /ɹɪˈkwaɪɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwɑɹmənt/ /ɹɪˈkwʌɪəm(ə)nt/ requirements n
exigence besoin
A necessity or prerequisite; something required or obligatory. Its adpositions are generally of in relation to who or what has given it, on in relation to whom or what it is given to, and for in relation to what is required.
demande
Something asked.
exigence contrainte
(engineering, computing) A statement (in domain specific terms) which specifies a verifiable constraint on an implementation that it shall undeniably meet or (a) be deemed unacceptable, or (b) result in implementation failure, or (c) result in system failure.

requisite /ɹɪˈkwɪzɪt/ /ˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/ more requisite most requisite adj
nécessaire
Essential, indispensable, required.

requisition /ˌɹɛkwɪˈzɪʃən/ requisitions n
réquisition
That which is required by authority; especially, a quota of supplies or necessaries.

requite /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈkwaɪt/ /ɹɪˈkwaɪt/ v
rendre la pareille réciproquer
To repay (someone) a debt owed; specifically, to recompense or reward (someone) for a favour, a service rendered, etc.

reraise v
rehausser
To raise again or anew.
relancer
(poker) To raise another raise.

reread /ɹiːˈɹiːd/ /ɹiːˈɹɛd/ /ˈɹiːɹiːd/ v
relire
To read again.

rereading rereadings n
relecture
A second or subsequent reading.

reroute /ɹiˈɹaʊt/ /ɹiˈɹut/ /ɹiːˈɹuːt/ /ɹiːˈɹʉːt/ v
recircuiter
To change the route taken by something.

rerun /ɹiˈɹʌn/ /ɹiːˈɹʌn/ /ˈɹiɹʌn/ /ˈɹiːɹʌn/ reruns n
rediffusion reprise
(American) A television program shown after its initial presentation, particularly many weeks after its initial presentation; a repeat.

rerun /ɹiˈɹʌn/ /ɹiːˈɹʌn/ /ˈɹiɹʌn/ /ˈɹiːɹʌn/ v
rediffuser
(transitive) To broadcast (a television program etc.) again.
(transitive) To run (a computer program) again.

resale resales n
revente
Sale of something previously bought.

reschedule /riːˈʃɛɖjuːl/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒul/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒuəl/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒəl/ /ɹiˈskɛd͡ʒʊl/ /ɹiˈʃɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ɹiˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ɹiːˈskɛdjuːl/ /ɹiːˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ɹiːˈʃɛdjuːl/ /ɹiːˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ v
reprogrammer rééchelonner
(transitive) To schedule again or at a different time.

rescind /ɹɪˈsɪnd/ v
abroger annuler
(transitive) To repeal, annul, or declare void; to take (something such as a rule or contract) out of effect.

rescript rescripts n
rescrit
(historical, _, law) A clarification of a point of law by a monarch issued upon formal consultation by a lower magistrate.
(canon law) An ad hoc reply of a pope to some specific question of canon law or morality, without precedential force, sometimes (improper) inclusive of decretals which serve as precedents in canon law.

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ rescues n
sauvetage rescousse secours
An act or episode of rescuing, saving.

rescue /ˈɹɛs.kjuː/ v
sauver secourir délivrer
To save from any violence, danger or evil.

rescue mission rescue missions n
mission de sauvetage
(literally) A mission, operation to reach and rescue people in urgent need, as after a disaster

rescuer /ˈɹɛskjuːə(ɹ)/ rescuers n
sauveteur sauveur sauveteuse sauveuse
A person who rescues someone or something.

research /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜːt͡ʃ/ researches n
recherche
(uncountable, countable, _, in some dialects) Diligent inquiry or examination to seek or revise facts, principles, theories, applications, etc. (that are currently available, or that are familiar to one's self).
(countable, dated) A particular instance or piece of research.

research /ɹiˈsɝt͡ʃ/ /ɹɪˈsɜːt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiˌsɝt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜːt͡ʃ/ v
rechercher
(transitive) To search or examine with continued care; to seek diligently.
explorer rechercher examiner fouiller
(intransitive) To make an extensive investigation into.

research professor research professors n
professeur de recherche
A full professor who is exclusively or mainly engaged in research, and who has few or no teaching obligations.

researcher /ɹiˈsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ɹɪˈsɜː.t͡ʃə/ /ˈɹiˌsɝ.t͡ʃɚ/ /ˈɹiː.sɜː.t͡ʃə/ researchers n
chercheur chercheuse
One who researches.

resection resections n
résection
(medicine) The surgical removal of part or all of a tissue, organ, tumor, or body part.
(surveying) A method of determining a position by using a map and compass bearings for two additional points.

reseda /ɹəˈsidə/ /ɹɪˈsiːdə/ /ˈɹɛsɪdə/ resedas n
réséda
(botany) Any of various plants of the genus Reseda having small, pale grayish green flowers, such as dyer's rocket (Reseda luteola) and mignonette (Reseda odorata).

resee v
revoir
(transitive) To see again or anew.

resell /ɹiːˈsɛl/ v
revendre
To sell again.

reseller resellers n
revendeur
A company or individual that purchases goods or services with the intention of reselling them rather than consuming or using them.

resemblance /ɹəˈzɛmbləns/ resemblances n
ressemblance
The quality or state of resembling.
That which resembles, or is similar; a representation; a likeness.
comparaison
A comparison; a simile.
probabilité
Probability; verisimilitude.

resemble /ɹɪˈzɛmb(ə)l/ v
ressembler rejoindre
(transitive) To be like or similar to (something); to represent as similar.

resend /ɹiːˈsɛnd/ /ˈɹiːsɛnd/ v
renvoyer
(transitive) To send again.

resent /ɹiˈzɛnt/ /ɹɪˈzɛnt/ v
avoir de l'amertume
(transitive) To feel resentment over; to consider as an affront.
exprimer son mécontentement s'indigner
(transitive) To express displeasure or indignation at.

resentful /ɹɪˈzɛntfəl/ more resentful most resentful adj
rancunier
Inclined to resent, who tends to harbor resentment, when wronged.
indigné
Harboring resentment, full of resentment, at a given moment.

resentment /ɹɪˈzɛnt.mənt/ resentments n
ressentiment rancune agacement
Anger or displeasure stemming from belief that one has been wronged or betrayed by others; indignation.

reserpine /ɹɪˈsɜː.piːn/ /ɹɪˈsɝːˌpiːn/ reserpines n
réserpine
(organic compound, pharmaceutical drug) A compound of the alkaloid class obtained from Indian snakeroot (Rauvolfia serpentina) and other plants and used in the treatment of hypertension.

reservation /ˌɹɛzəˈveɪʃən/ /ˌɹɛzɚˈveɪʃən/ reservations n
réservation réserve
The practice of reserving part of the consecrated bread of the Eucharist for the communion of the sick.
réservation
Something that is withheld or kept back.
An arrangement by which accommodation or transport arrangements are secured in advance.
réserve
(often, in the plural) A limiting qualification regarding certainty; a doubt.

reserve /ɹɪˈzɜːv/ /ɹɪˈzɝv/ reserves n
remplaçant réservation
The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.
réserve
Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
(military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.
A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose
(finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
réserve remplaçant
(Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
réserves réserve
That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.

reserve /ɹɪˈzɜːv/ /ɹɪˈzɝv/ v
réserver
To keep back; to retain.
To keep in store for future or special use.
To book in advance; to make a reservation.

reserve team reserve teams n
équipe réserve

reserved /ɹɪˈzɜːvd/ /ɹɪˈzɝvd/ more reserved most reserved adj
réservé
(comparable) Slow to reveal emotion or opinions.
(not comparable) Set aside for a particular person or purpose.

reserved word reserved words n
mot réservé
(programming) A string of characters that is a verb, command, or other part of a programming language, and therefore cannot be used as the name of a variable, constant, function, or procedure.

reservist reservists n
réserviste
A soldier who is assigned as reserved; after training, no longer in full active duty.

reservoir /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɑɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vwɔɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə(ɹ).vɔɹ/ /ˈɹɛz.ə.vwɑː(ɹ)/ reservoirs n
réservoir
A place where anything is kept in store.
A large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.

reset /ɹiːˈsɛt/ /ˈɹiː.sɛt/ v
remettre à zéro réinitialiser
To set back to the initial state.

resh /ɹɛʃ/ reshes n
resh rèch
The twentieth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

reship v
réexpédier
(transitive) To ship something again.

reshuffle reshuffles n
remaniement
an instance of reshuffling, a reorganization

reshuffle v
rebattre
To shuffle something again, especially playing cards.
remanier
To reorganize or rearrange something, especially government posts.

reside /ɹɪˈzaɪd/ v
habiter demeurer résider
To dwell permanently or for a considerable time; to have a settled abode for a time; to remain for a long time.
résider
To have a seat or fixed position; to inhere; to lie or be as in attribute or element.

residence /ˈɹɛz.ɪ.dəns/ residences n
résidence
The place where one lives (resides); one's home.
A building or portion thereof used as a home, such as a house#Noun or an apartment#Noun therein.
Accommodation for students at a university or college.
siège social
The place where a corporation is established.

residence permit residence permits n
permis de séjour carte de séjour titre de séjour
The right to legally reside in a country.

resident /ˈɹɛzɪd(ə)nt/ residents n
résident habitant habitante résidente
A person, animal or plant living at a certain location or in a certain area.
interne
A physician receiving specialized medical training.

residential more residential most residential adj
résidentiel
Of or pertaining to a place of personal residence or to a location for such places.

residual /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jʊəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ə.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ʊəl/ adj
résiduaire
résiduel résiduelle
Of, relating to, or remaining as a residue; left over.

residual /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd.jʊəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.u.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ə.wəl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.əl/ /ɹɪˈzɪd͡ʒ.ʊəl/ residuals n
restant résidu

residual power residual powers n
pouvoir résiduel
(legal) Power that is retained by the government after other powers were distributed to other authorities in the course of elections or by the process of delegation.

residual-current device residual-current devices n
disjoncteur différentiel dispositif différentiel à courant résiduel
(electricity) An automatic circuit breaker that rapidly disconnects an electric circuit when the imbalance of the currents going through it exceeds a specific value.

residue /ˈɹɛzɪdjuː/ /ˈɹɛzɪduː/ residues n
résidu
(chemistry) The substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process.

resign /ɹɪˈzaɪn/ v
résigner abandonner céder renoncer se faire une raison
(transitive) To give up; to relinquish ownership of. [from 14th c.]
(transitive) To submit passively; to give up as hopeless or inevitable. [from 15th c.]
léguer
(transitive) To hand over (something to someone), place into the care or control of another.
démissionner abdiquer
(transitive, or, intransitive) To quit (a job or position). [from 14th c.]

resign oneself v
résigner
To give up, stop resisting and come to accept.

resignation /ˌɹɛz.ɪɡˈneɪ.ʃən/ resignations n
démission
The act of resigning.
A written or oral declaration that one resigns.
résignation
An uncomplaining acceptance of something undesirable but unavoidable.

resigner resigners n
démissionnaire
Someone who resigns.

resilience /ɹɪˈzɪl.ɪ.əns/ resiliences n
résilience
(psychology, neuroscience) The mental ability to recover quickly from depression, illness or misfortune.
(physics) The physical property of material that can resume its shape after being stretched or deformed; elasticity.

resilient /ɹɪˈzɪl.jənt/ more resilient most resilient adj
résilient résistant flexible
Returning quickly to original shape after force is applied; elastic. (of objects or substances)
résilient
Returning quickly to normal after damaging events or conditions. (of systems, organisms or people)

resin /ˈɹɛzɪn/ resins n
résine
A viscous hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees.
Any of various yellowish viscous liquids or soft solids of plant origin; used in lacquers, varnishes and many other applications; chemically they are mostly hydrocarbons, often polycyclic.
Any synthetic compound of similar properties.

resist /ɹəˈzɪst/ /ɹɪˈzɪst/ resists n
vernis
A protective coating or covering.

resist /ɹəˈzɪst/ /ɹɪˈzɪst/ v
résister
(transitive) To attempt to counter the actions or effects of.
dégoûter rejeter s'opposer
(intransitive) To oppose; to refuse to accept.

resistance /ɹɪˈzɪstəns/ resistances n
résistance
The act of resisting, or the capacity to resist.
(physics) A force that tends to oppose motion.
An underground organisation engaged in a struggle for liberation from forceful occupation; a resistance movement.

resistance band resistance bands n
bande de résistance
A long piece of material of varying grades of tenacity usable to create targetted tension for a muscle workout.

resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/ more resistant most resistant adj
résistant
Which makes resistance or offers opposition.
Which is not affected or overcome by a disease, drug, chemical or atmospheric agent, extreme of temperature, etc.

resistant /ɹəˈzɪstənt/ resistants n
résistant
A person who resists; especially a member of a resistance movement.

resistible more resistible most resistible adj
résistible
Able to be resisted.

resistin resistins n
résistine
A hormone secreted by adipose tissue

resistivity resistivities n
résistivité
(electricity) The resistance offered at a particular temperature by an electrical conductor of any given material in a cube of unit length, expressed in ohm-metres (Ωm) in the metric system of measurement.

resistor /ɹɪˈzɪstə/ /ɹɪˈzɪstɚ/ resistors n
résistant
One who resists, especially a person who fights against an occupying army.
résistance
(electronics) An electric component that transmits current in direct proportion to the voltage across it.

resit resits n
rattrapage
An examination taken a second time.

resit v
repasser
(transitive) To take an examination a second time.

resizable more resizable most resizable adj
redimensionnable
(computing) That can be resized.

resize v
redimensionner
(transitive) To alter the size of something.

resmelt v
refondre
(metallurgy) To smelt again; to smelt a second time.

resole v
ressemeler
To replace or reattach the sole of an article of footwear.

resolute /ˈɹɛ.zəˌl(j)uːt/ /ˌɹɛ.zəˈl(j)uːt/ more resolute most resolute adj
déterminé résolu ferme déterminée résolue
Firm, unyielding, determined.

resoluteness resolutenesses n
résolution détermination
The state or characteristic of being resolute; determination or resolution.

resolution /ˌɹɛzəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ /ˌɹɛzəˈluːʃ(ə)n/ resolutions n
conviction résolution
A strong will, determination.
résolution détermination
The state of being resolute.
résolution
A statement of intent, a vow
(computing, photography) The degree of fineness with which an image can be recorded or produced, often expressed as the number of pixels per unit of length (typically an inch).
(computing) The number of pixels in an image being stored or displayed.
A formal statement adopted by an assembly, or during any other formal meeting.
(music) Progression from dissonance to consonance; a chord to which such progression is made.

resolvable more resolvable most resolvable adj
résoluble
Able to be resolved; to which a solution may be found.

resolve /ɹiːˈzɒlv/ /ɹɪˈzɑlv/ /ɹɪˈzɒlv/ v
résoudre
(transitive, intransitive, reflexive) To break down into constituent parts; to decompose; to disintegrate; to return to a simpler constitution or a primeval state.
To cause to perceive or understand; to acquaint; to inform; to convince; to assure; to make certain.
(chemistry) To separate racemic compounds into their enantiomers.

resolving power resolving powers n
pouvoir de résolution
A quantitative measure of the ability of an optical instrument to produce separable images.

resonance /ˈɹɛzənəns/ resonances n
résonance
(astronomy) An influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.

resonate /ˈɹez.əˌnæɪt/ /ˈɹɛz.əˌneɪt/ v
résonner
To vibrate or sound, especially in response to another vibration.

resorb v
résorber
(transitive) To absorb (something) again.

resorption resorptions n
résorption
(medicine) The loss and reassimilation of bone (or other) material.

resort /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈzɔːt/ resorts n
lieu de vacances resort
A place where people go for recreation, especially one with facilities such as lodgings, entertainment, and a relaxing environment.
recours sortie
Recourse, refuge (something or someone turned to for safety).

resort /ɹɪˈzɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈzɔːt/ v
recourir
(intransitive) To have recourse (to), now especially from necessity or frustration.

resort /ˌɹiːˈsɔ(ɹ)t/ v
retrier
(transitive, intransitive) To repeat a sorting process; sort again.

resound /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈzaʊnd/ /ɹɪˈzaʊnd/ v
résonner
To praise or spread the fame of (someone or something) with the voice or the sound of musical instruments; to celebrate, to extol; also, to declare (someone) to be a certain thing.

resound /ˌɹiˈsaʊnd/ /ˌɹiːˈsaʊnd/ v
retentir résonner
(transitive) To echo or repeat (a sound).

resounding /ɹɪˈzaʊn.dɪŋ/ more resounding most resounding adj
résonnant
Having a deep, rich sound; mellow and resonant.
retentissant
(by extension) Emphatic, noteworthy.

resource /ɹɪˈso(ː)ɹs/ /ɹɪˈsoəs/ /ɹɪˈsɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈsɔːs/ /ɹɪˈzo(ː)ɹs/ /ɹɪˈzoəs/ /ɹɪˈzɔɹs/ /ɹɪˈzɔːs/ /ˈɹi(ː)so(ː)ɹs/ /ˈɹisɔɹs/ /ˈɹiːsoəs/ /ˈɹiːsɔːs/ resources n
ressource
Something that one uses to achieve an objective, e.g. raw materials or personnel.

resourceful more resourceful most resourceful adj
futé débrouillard
Capable or clever; able to put available resources to efficient or ingenious use; using materials at hand wisely or efficiently.

resourcefulness resourcefulnesses n
débrouillardise
The ability to cope with difficult situations, or unusual problems.

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ respects n
respect
(uncountable) an attitude of consideration or high regard
(uncountable, always plural) Polite greetings, often offered as condolences after a death.
(countable) a particular aspect, feature or detail of something

respect /ɹɪˈspɛkt/ v
respecter
To have respect for.
To have regard for something, to observe a custom, practice, rule or right.
To abide by an agreement.
To take notice of; to regard as worthy of special consideration; to heed.

respectability /ɹɪˌspɛktəˈbɪlɪti/ respectabilities n
respectabilité
The quality of being respectable.

respectable [ɹɪ.ˈspɛk.tə.bl̩] more respectable most respectable adj
respectable
Deserving respect.
convenable pas mal
Decent; satisfactory.

respectably more respectably most respectably adv
respectablement
In a respectable manner; so as to gain respect.

respected /ɹɪˈspɛktɪd/ more respected most respected adj
respecté
Deserving of respect; due special honor or appreciation.

respectful /ɹɪˈspɛktfəl/ more respectful most respectful adj
respectueux
Marked or characterized by respect

respectfully /ɹɪˈspɛktfəli/ more respectfully most respectfully adv
respectueusement
In a respectful manner.

respective /ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/ adj
respectif
Relating to particular persons or things, each to each; particular; own.

respectively /ɹɪˈspɛktɪvli/ more respectively most respectively adv
respectivement
In a relative manner; often used when comparing array lists, where the term denotes that the items in the lists correspond to each other in the order they are given.

respiration /ɹɛspɪˈɹeɪʃən/ respirations n
respiration
The process of inhaling and exhaling; breathing, breath.

respirator respirators n
respirateur
A device designed to allow breathing when it would otherwise be hindered, as by a medical condition or the presence of poisonous vapors.

respiratory /ɹɪˈspaɪ.ɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹə.tɹi/ /ɹɪˈspʌɪ.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pə.ɹət.ə.ɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pəɹ.əˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹə.tɹi/ /ˈɹɛs.pɹəˌtɔɹ.i/ adj
respiratoire
(relational) Relating to respiration or the organs of respiration; breathing.

respiratory distress n
détresse respiratoire hypoxie insuffisance respiratoire
(medicine) The quality and symptom of having a heightened level of carbon dioxide in the blood stream; hypoxia.

respiratory syncytial virus respiratory syncytial viruses n
virus respiratoire syncytial
(virus) Any virus in genus Pneumovirus causing respiratory tract infections.

respiratory system respiratory systems n
appareil respiratoire système respiratoire
(anatomy) The system of organs serving for respiration.

respiratory tract respiratory tracts n
voies aériennes voies respiratoires
(anatomy) The passages, divided into an upper and a lower part, through which air enters and leaves the body, including the mouth, nose and nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and conducting bronchioles, sometimes further including the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveoli.

respite /ˈɹɛ.spɪt/ /ˈɹɛˌspaɪt/ respites n
répit
A brief interval of rest or relief.

resplendent /ɹɪˈsplɛn.dənt/ more resplendent most resplendent adj
resplendissant
Shiny and colourful, and thus pleasing to the eye.

respond /ɹəˈspɑnd/ /ɹəˈspɒnd/ /ɹɪˈspɑnd/ /ɹɪˈspɒnd/ v
répondre
(intransitive) To act in return; to carry out an action or in return to a force or stimulus; to do something in response.
(ambitransitive) To correspond with; to suit.
(transitive) To satisfy; to answer.

response /ɹɪˈspɑns/ /ɹɪˈspɒns/ responses n
réponse
An answer or reply, or something in the nature of an answer or reply.
(liturgics) A versicle or anthem said or sung during or after a lection; a respond or responsory.
A reaction to a stimulus or provocation.

responsibility /ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ɹɪˌspɒn.səˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ [ɹɪˌspɑn.səˈbɪl.ə.ɾi] responsibilities n
responsabilité
The state of being responsible, accountable, or answerable. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
The state of being liable, culpable, or responsible for something in particular.
A duty, obligation or liability for which someone is held accountable.

responsibilization responsibilizations n
responsabilisation

responsibilize v
responsabiliser

responsible /ɹɪˈspɑnsəbəl/ /ɹɪˈspɒnsəbəl/ [ɹɪˈspɑnsəbl̩] [ɹɪˈspɒnsəbl̩] more responsible most responsible adj
responsable
(postpositive, followed by "for") Having the duty of taking care of something; answerable for an act performed or for its consequences; accountable; amenable, especially legally or politically.
(postpositive, followed by "for") Being a primary cause of a situation or action and thus able to be blamed or credited for it.
(of a, job, or, position) Involving important duties; involving a degree of personal accountability on the part of the person concerned.
Able to be trusted; reliable; trustworthy.

responsive /ɹɪˈspɑn.sɪv/ /ɹɪˈspɒn.sɪv/ more responsive most responsive adj
sensible
able to receive and respond to external stimuli

ressentiment /ɹəˌsɑ̃.tiˈmɑ̃/ /ɹɛˌsɒ̃tɪˈmɒ̃/ ressentiments n
ressentiment
(chiefly, philosophy, social, _, psychology) a sense of resentment arising from deep-seated feelings of envy or hatred, leading the resentful one to blame it on an external agent. [from 19th c.]

rest /ɹɛst/ rests n
repos paix
(uncountable, of a person or animal) Relief from work or activity by sleeping; sleep.
(euphemistic, uncountable) A final position after death.
reste
(uncountable) That which remains.
repos
(countable) Any relief from exertion; a state of quiet and relaxation.
(uncountable, of an object or concept) A state of inactivity; a state of little or no motion; a state of completion.
(physics, uncountable) Absence of motion.
repos paix quiétude
(uncountable) Peace; freedom from worry, anxiety, annoyances; tranquility.
pause
(music, countable) A pause of a specified length in a piece of music.
pause silence
(music, countable) A written symbol indicating such a pause in a musical score such as in sheet music.
reposoir
(snooker, countable) A stick with a U-, V- or X-shaped head used to support the tip of a cue when the cue ball is otherwise out of reach.
support
(countable) Any object designed to be used to support something else.
gîte
A place where one may rest, either temporarily, as in an inn, or permanently, as, in an abode.

rest /ɹɛst/ v
s'arrêter reposer
(intransitive) To cease from action, motion, work, or performance of any kind; stop; desist; be without motion.
reposer
(intransitive) To be free from that which harasses or disturbs; be quiet or still; be undisturbed.
(transitive, intransitive, reflexive) To lean, lie, or lay.
reposer cesser faire une pause
(intransitive, transitive, reflexive, copulative) To be or to put into a state of rest.
rester
(intransitive) To stay, remain, be situated.
en finir
(intransitive, transitive, legal, US) To complete one's active advocacy in a trial or other proceeding, and thus to wait for the outcome (however, one is still generally available to answer questions, etc.)

rest area rest areas n
aire de repos aire d'autoroute halte routière
A place, usually on a limited-access highway, where one can stop to use the restroom or to take a break from travelling.

rest in peace v
repose en paix
A blessing or expression of hope that a deceased person is at peace.

rest in power phraseologicalUnit
repose en puissance
Said to mourn, remember, or celebrate a deceased person, particularly activists and victims of oppression.

rest mass rest masses n
masse au repos
(physics) The mass of a body when it is not moving relative to an observer.

rest on one's laurels v
se reposer sur ses lauriers s'endormir dans les délices de Capoue s'endormir sur le rôti s'endormir sur ses lauriers
(idiomatic) To rely on a past success instead of trying to improve oneself further.

restart /ˈɹiːˌstɑɹt/ /ˈɹiːˌstɑːt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑɹt/ /ˌɹɪˈstɑːt/ v
recommencer
(ambitransitive) To start again.
redémarrer
(computing) Synonym of reboot.

restate v
redéclarer réaffirmer
to state again (without changing)
to state differently; to rephrase

restaurant /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒnt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹɒ̃/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə).ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛs.t(ə)ˌɹɑnt/ restaurants n
restaurant
An eating establishment in which diners are served food, usually by waiters at their tables but sometimes (as in a fast food restaurant) at a counter.

restaurateur /ˌɹɛst(ə)ɹəˈtɜː/ restaurateurs n
restaurateur restauratrice
The owner of a restaurant.

restavec restavecs n
reste-avec

restharrow /ˈɹɛsthaɹəʊ/ restharrows n
bugrane
Any of various species of small shrubs making up the genus Ononis, especially Ononis repens, which has pink flowers.

resting place resting places n
dernière demeure
(euphemistic) A place where one is buried or laid to rest; a tomb.
lieu de repos
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see resting,‎ place. A place where one rests or may rest.

restitution /ˌɹɛstɪˈtjuʃən/ /ˌɹɛstɪˈtuʃən/ restitutions n
restitution
(legal) A process of compensation for losses.

restive /ˈɹɛstɪv/ more restive most restive adj
rétif
Resistant to control; stubborn.
Refusing to move, especially in a forward direction.

restless /ˈɹɛstləs/ /ˈɹɛstlɪs/ more restless most restless adj
agité impatient
inquiet
Not allowing or affording rest.

restless legs syndrome n
syndrome des jambes sans repos
A neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations, usually in the legs.

restlessness /ˈɹɛstləsnəs/ restlessnesses n
agitation impatience
The state or condition of being restless; an inability to be still, quiet, at peace or comfortable.

restoration /ɹɛstəˈɹeɪʃən/ restorations n
restauration
The process of bringing an object back to its original state; the process of restoring something.
The return of a former monarchy or monarch to power, usually after having been forced to step down.

restore /ɹɪˈsto(ː)ɹ/ /ɹɪˈstoə/ /ɹɪˈstɔɹ/ /ɹɪˈstɔː/ v
restaurer rétablir restituer rendre
(transitive) To give or bring back (that which has been lost or taken); to bring back to the owner; to replace.

restrain /ɹɪˈstɹeɪn/ v
retenir
(transitive) To control or keep in check.
réprimer
(transitive) To deprive of liberty.
restreindre
(transitive) To restrict or limit.

restraining order restraining orders n
ordonnance restrictive
(legal) An order issued by a court of law or other legal authority for a specified timeframe forbidding the restrained party from contacting and close proximity to the protected party and other restrictions, usually banning the possession of arms.

restraint /ɹɪˈstɹeɪnt/ restraints n
contention
(countable) something that restrains, ties, fastens or secures
retenue refrènement
(uncountable) control or caution; reserve

restrict /ɹɪˈstɹɪkt/ v
restreindre limiter
To restrain within boundaries; to limit; to confine

restricted /ɹɪˈstɹɪktɪd/ more restricted most restricted adj
restreint
Limited within bounds.
réservé
Available only to certain authorized groups of people.

restricting more restricting most restricting adj
contraignant
Serving to restrict.

restriction /ɹɪˈstɹɪkʃən/ restrictions n
restriction
The act of restricting, or the state of being restricted.
A regulation or limitation that restricts.

restrictive /ɹɪˈstɹɪktɪv/ more restrictive most restrictive adj
restrictif
Confining, limiting, containing within defined bounds.

restring v
recorder
(transitive) To string again.

restroom restrooms n
toilettes cabinet d'aisance
(US, Philippines, euphemism) A room containing a public toilet: a public lavatory.

restructure /ɹiːˈstɹʌktʃə(ɹ)/ v
restructurer
(finance) To modify the terms of a loan, providing relief to a debtor who would otherwise be forced to default.

resubscribe v
réabonner
(ambitransitive) To subscribe again or renew a subscription.

result /ɹɪˈzʌlt/ results n
résultat
That which results; the conclusion or end to which any course or condition of things leads, or which is obtained by any process or operation; consequence or effect.
The final product, beneficial or tangible effect(s) achieved by effort.
(sports) The final score in a game.

result /ɹɪˈzʌlt/ v
causer résulter
To proceed, spring up or rise, as a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combination of circumstances, consultation, thought or endeavor.

resultative adj
résultatif
(grammar) Indicating the state of a noun resulting from the completion of the action expressed by a verb, as with "blue" in "Mary painted the fence blue".

resulting /ɹɪˈzʌltɪŋ/ adj
résultant
Of something that follows as the result of something else; resultant.

resume /ɹəˈzjuːm/ /ɹəˈʒuːm/ /ɹɪˈz(j)um/ /ɹɪˈzjuːm/ v
recommencer continuer reprendre
(transitive) To start (something) again that has been stopped or paused from the point at which it was stopped or paused; continue, carry on. [from 15th c.]

resumptive more resumptive most resumptive adj
résomptif

resumptive pronoun resumptive pronouns n
pronom résomptif
(grammar) A pronoun in a relative clause which refers to the antecedent of the relative pronoun.

resurface /ɹiːˈsɜː(ɹ)fɪs/ v
remonter à la surface
(transitive) To provide a new surface, to replace or remodel the surface of something, or to restore a surface. To put a new coating or finish on a surface.

resurrect /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkt/ v
ressusciter
(transitive) To raise from the dead, to bring life back to.
(intransitive) To rise from the dead; return to life.

resurrection /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃn̩/ /ɹɛzəˈɹɛkʃən/ resurrections n
résurrection
The act of arising from the dead and becoming alive again.

resuscitate /ɹɪˈsʌsɪˌteɪt/ v
ressusciter
(transitive) To restore consciousness, vigor, or life to.

resuscitation resuscitations n
résuscitation réanimation
The act of resuscitating.

resveratrol resveratrols n
resvératrol
(organic compound, biochemistry) A phenolic substance, 3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, a stilbenoid and phytoalexin, that is found in some fruits and nuts, and in red wine, and is reputed to have some beneficial properties for humans.

resyllabification /ˌɹiːsɪˌlæbɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ resyllabifications n
enchainement enchaînement
(phonology) The process or result of resyllabifying.

ret /ɹɛt/ v
rouir
(transitive) To prepare (flax, hemp etc.) for further processing by soaking, which facilitates separation of fibers from the woody parts of the stem.

retable retables n
retable
A table or shelf behind an altar, on which are placed images or holy objects.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] n
vente au détail
(business) The sale of goods directly to the consumer, encompassing the storefronts, mail-order, websites, etc., and the corporate mechanisms, branding, advertising, etc. that support them.

retail /ˈɹiˌteɪl/ [ˈɹ̠ʷiˌtʰeɪ̯ɫ] v
vendre au détail
To sell at retail, or in small quantities directly to customers.

retail bank retail banks n
banque de détail
(banking) A bank whose chief business is providing banking services to the general public.

retailer retailers n
commerçant distributeur revendeur
A retail sales company or salesman.

retain /ɹi-/ /ɹəˈteɪn/ /ɹɪˈteɪn/ v
conserver retenir maintenir
To keep (something) in control or possession; to continue having (something); to keep back.

retainer /ɹəˈteɪn.ɚ/ /ɹɪˈteɪn.ə/ /ɹɪˈteɪn.ɚ/ retainers n
suite
A dependent or follower of someone of rank.
serviteur
A paid servant, especially one who has been employed for many years.
avance
A fee one pays to reserve the other's time for services.
contention faux-palais
(dentistry) A device that holds teeth in position after orthodontic treatment.

retaining wall retaining walls n
mur de soutènement
(civil engineering) Any of several structures used to restrain a vertical-faced mass of earth.

retake /ɹiːˈteɪk/ /ˈɹiːteɪk/ v
reprendre
To take something again.
To take something back.
To capture or occupy somewhere again.
refilmer
To photograph or film again.

retaliate /ɹɪˈtæl.i.eɪt/ v
riposter
(intransitive) To do something harmful or negative to get revenge for some harm; to fight back or respond in kind to an injury or affront.

retaliation /-ʃɪn/ /ɹi-/ /ɹiˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ɹə-/ /ɹɪˌtæl.iˈeɪ.ʃən/ retaliations n
représailles
Violent or otherwise punitive response to an act of harm or perceived injustice; a hitting back; revenge.

retard /ɹɪˈtɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈɹiːtɑː(ɹ)d/ retards n
retard
Retardation; delay.
retardé
(offensive, dated) A person with mental retardation.
attardé
(informal, offensive) A person or being who is extremely stupid or slow to learn.

retarded /ɹiˈtɑɹdɪd/ /ɹɪˈtɑːdɪd/ more retarded most retarded adj
retardé
Delayed; delayed in development, hindered; impeded. [from 17th c.]
attardé
(psychology, sometimes, offensive, dated) Having mental retardation; mentally deficient or underdeveloped.
(colloquial, derogatory, offensive) Extremely stupid. [from 20th c.]

retch /ɹɛt͡ʃ/ retches n
haut-le-cœur
An unsuccessful effort to vomit.

retell /ɹiˈtɛl/ v
raconter de nouveau redire
To tell again, often differently, what one has read or heard; to paraphrase.

retention /ɹɪˈtɛnʃən/ retentions n
rétention
The act of retaining or something retained
(medicine) The involuntary withholding of urine and faeces
droit de rétention
(legal) The right to withhold a debt, or of retaining property until a debt due to the person claiming the right is duly paid; a lien.
selvrisiko
(insurance) The portion of a potential damage that must be paid for by the holder of an insurance policy.

rethink /ɹiːˈθɪŋk/ /ˈɹiːθɪŋk/ v
repenser réfléchir
To think again about something, with the intention of changing or replacing it.

reticence /-ɾə-/ /ˈɹɛtəs(ə)ns/ /ˈɹɛtɪs(ə)ns/ reticences n
réticence
(uncountable, also, figuratively) Avoidance of saying or reluctance to say too much; discretion, tight-lippedness; (countable) an instance of acting in this manner.

reticent /ˈɹɛtɪsənt/ more reticent most reticent adj
réticent hésitant
Keeping one's thoughts and opinions to oneself; reserved or restrained.

reticle /ˈɹɛtɪkəl/ reticles n
réticule
A grid, network, or crosshatch found in the eyepiece of various optical instruments to aid measurement or alignment

reticule /ˈɹɛtɪkjuːl/ reticules n
réticule
A small women's bag made of a woven net-like material. [from 19th c.]

reticulocyte reticulocytes n
réticulocyte
An immature red blood cell, having a reticular network of RNA

reticulum reticula reticulums n
bonnet réticulum réseau
(zoology) The second compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminant.

retina /ˈɹɛt.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ə.nə/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.nə/ retinae retinas retinæ n
rétine
(ophthalmology) The thin layer of cells at the back of the eyeball that contains rods and cones sensitive to light, which trigger nerve impulses that pass via the optic nerve to the brain, where a visual image is formed.

retinofugal adj
rétinofuge

retinol retinols n
rétinol
(organic compound, biochemistry) A fat-soluble carotenoid vitamin (vitamin A), present in fish oils and green vegetables, essential to normal vision and to bone development.

retinoscope retinoscopes n
rétinoscope
An instrument used for examining the refraction of light within the eye.

retinue /ɹɪˈtɪnjuː/ /ˈɹɛt.ɪ.njuː/ /ˈɹɛtɪn(j)uː/ retinues n
suite retenue
A group of attendants or servants, especially of someone considered important.
retenue
A group of warriors or nobles accompanying a king or other leader; comitatus.

retire /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ)/ /ɹəˈtaɪɹ/ v
prendre sa retraite retirer
(intransitive) To stop working on a permanent basis, usually because of old age or illness.

retired /ɹɪˈtaɪəd/ /ɹɪˈtaɪəɹd/ more retired most retired adj
retraité à la retraite
Having left employment, especially on reaching pensionable age. [from 16th c.] (of people)

retiree /ɹəˈtaɪ.ə(ɹ)ˌiː/ retirees n
retraité
Someone who has retired from active working.

retirement /ɹəˈtaɪə(ɹ).mənt/ retirements n
retraite
(now, rare) A place of seclusion or privacy; a retreat. [from 17th c.]
The state of having permanently left one's employment, now especially at reaching pensionable age; the portion of one's life after retiring from one's career. [from 17th c.]

retirement home retirement homes n
maison de retraite EHPAD
A multi-residence housing facility intended for the elderly.

retirement village retirement villages n
résidence senior
A residential complex designed for senior citizens who require little or no assistance from carers.

retort /ɹɪˈtɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈtɔːt/ retorts n
repartie riposte réplique
A sharp or witty reply, or one which turns an argument against its originator; a comeback.
cornue
(chemistry) A flask with a rounded base and a long neck that is bent down and tapered, used to heat a liquid for distillation.

retort /ɹɪˈtɔɹt/ /ɹɪˈtɔːt/ v
lancer rétorquer
To say something sharp or witty in answer to a remark or accusation.

retract /-ɹi/ /ɹəˈtɹækt/ /ɹɪˈtɹækt/ v
rétracter
To take back or withdraw (something that has been said or written); to disavow, to repudiate.
(intransitive) To draw back; to draw up; to withdraw.

retractable /ɹiˈtɹæktɪbəl/ /ɹəˈtɹæktəbəl/ adj
rétractable rétractile
Capable of being retracted; retractile.

retractile more retractile most retractile adj
rétractable rétractile
That can be retracted (as a cat's claws)

retransition v
retransitionner

retranslate v
retraduire
(transitive) To translate again or anew.

retransmit v
retransmettre renvoyer
To transmit again.

retreat /ɹiˈtɹiːt/ /ɹəˈtɹiːt/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ retreats n
retraite
The act of pulling back or withdrawing, as from something dangerous, or unpleasant.
A peaceful, quiet place affording privacy or security.
A period of meditation, prayer or study.

retreat /ɹiˈtɹiːt/ /ɹəˈtɹiːt/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːt/ v
retirer replier battre en retraite
To withdraw military forces

retribution /ˌɹɛt.ɹɪ.ˈbju.ʃən/ retributions n
châtiment punition vendetta
Punishment inflicted in the spirit of moral outrage or personal vengeance.

retrieval /ɹɪˈtɹiːvəl/ retrievals n
récupération
the act of retrieving or something retrieved

retrieve /ɹiˈtɹiːv/ /ɹəˈtɹiːv/ /ɹɪˈtɹiːv/ v
récupérer retrouver
(transitive) To regain or get back something.

retro /ˈɹɛ.tɹoʊ/ more retro most retro adj
rétro
Of, or relating to, the past, past times, or the way things were.
Affecting things past; retroactive, ex post facto.

retro- prefix
rétro-
Back or backward.

retroact v
rétroagir
To act backward, or in return; to act in opposition; to be retrospective.

retroaction retroactions n
rétroaction
Any action that has an influence due to a past event

retroactive /ˌɹɛ.tɹoʊˈæk.tɪv/ /ˌɹɛt.ɹəʊˈæk.tɪv/ adj
rétroactif
Extending in scope, effect, application or influence to a prior time or to prior conditions

retroactively /ˌɹɛtɹoʊˈæktɪvli/ adv
rétroactivement
Done after the fact; applying to events that have previously transpired.

retrocognition /ˌɹɛtɹəʊkɒɡˈnɪʃən/ retrocognitions n
rétrocognition
(parapsychology) extrasensory knowledge of past events.

retrocomputing n
retrocomputing rétro-informatique

retroflex /ˈɹɛt.ɹoʊ.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹə.flɛks/ /ˈɹɛt.ɹəʊ.flɛks/ more retroflex most retroflex adj
rétroflexe
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue is raised and bent backwards, so that the underside of the tongue approaches or touches the palate.
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the tip of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.
(phonetics) Of pronunciation in which the blade of the tongue approaches or touches the back of the alveolar ridge.

retrograde /ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/ /ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/ more retrograde most retrograde adj
rétrograde
Directed or moving backwards in relation to the normal or previous direction of travel; retreating.
Counterproductive to a desired outcome; contradictory, contrary.
Of a celestial body orbiting another: in the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.

retrograde /ˈɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ɡɹeɪd/ /ˈɹɛtɹəˌɡɹeɪd/ retrogrades n
rétrograde
One who opposes social reform, favouring the maintenance of the status quo; a conservative.

retrograde amnesia retrograde amnesias n
amnésie rétrograde
The loss of memories from the period leading up to the amnesic episode.

retrograde ejaculation retrograde ejaculations n
éjaculation rétrograde
The redirection of semen to the urinary bladder instead of normal ejaculation.

retrogression retrogressions n
rétrogression
A deterioration or decline to a previous state.

retron retrons n
rétron

retronym retronyms n
rétronyme
(linguistics) A new word or phrase coined for an old object or concept whose original name has become used for something else or is no longer unique, or which did not originally have a specific name. [from 1980s]

retronymic more retronymic most retronymic adj
rétronymique

retronymy n
rétronymie

retrospect /ˈɹɛtɹəˌspɛkt/ retrospects n
coup d'œil rétrospectif rétrospection
Consideration of past times.

retrospective /ˌɹɛtɹə(ʊ)ˈspɛktɪv/ more retrospective most retrospective adj
rétrospectif
Of, relating to, or contemplating the past.

retrospectively more retrospectively most retrospectively adv
rétrospectivement
In a retrospective manner.

retrovirus retroviruses n
rétrovirus
(virology) Any of a group of viruses which insert a copy of their RNA genome into the DNA of a host cell, thus changing the genome of that cell.

retry /riˈtɹaɪ/ /ˈriːtɹaɪ/ v
ressayer retenter réessayer
(ambitransitive) To try or attempt again.

rettery retteries n
rouissoir
A place or establishment where flax is retted.

returf v
réengazonner
To lay turf again

return /ɹɪˈtɜːn/ /ɹɪˈtɝn/ returns n
retour
The act of returning.
An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, etc.; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.
rendement
Gain or loss from an investment.

return /ɹɪˈtɜːn/ /ɹɪˈtɝn/ v
retourner revenir s'en retourner
(intransitive) To come or go back (to a place or person).
rebrousser chemin
(intransitive, obsolete) To turn back, retreat.
retourner rendre
(transitive) To give something back to its original holder or owner.
relancer
(tennis) To bat the ball back over the net in response to a serve.

return on investment returns on investment n
retour sur investissement
(finance) A benefit gained by an investor from an investment.

return the favor v
rendre la pareille renvoyer l'ascenseur

return ticket return tickets n
aller-retour
(travel) A ticket granting permission to travel to a place and return.

retweet retweets n
retweet
(Twitter) A message reposted or forwarded in this way.

retweet v
retweeter
(Twitter) To repost or forward another user's message on the microblogging social networking website Twitter.

reunification reunifications n
réunification
The unification of something that was previously divided; used especially of a country.

reunify v
réunifier

reunion /ɹiːˈjuːnjən/ /ɹɪˈjuːnjən/ reunions n
réunion rassemblement réunification
The process or act of reuniting.
rassemblement réunion
A planned event at which members of a dispersed group meet together.

reunite /ˌɹiːjuːˈnaɪt/ /ˌɹiːjʊˈnaɪt/ v
réunifier réunir
(ambitransitive, reciprocal) To unite again.

reuptake reuptakes n
recaptage neuronal
(biochemistry) Specifically, the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neuron after the transmission of a neural impulse across a synapse.

reusable more reusable most reusable adj
réutilisable
Able to be used again; especially after salvaging or special treatment or processing

reuse /ɹiːˈjuːs/ /ɹiːˈjuːz/ reuses n
réutilisation réemploi réusage
The act of salvaging or in some manner restoring a discarded item to yield something usable.
réemploi
The act of using again, or in another place.

reuse /ɹiːˈjuːs/ /ɹiːˈjuːz/ v
réutiliser
To use again something that is considered past its usefulness (usually for something else).
To use again, or in another place.

rev /ɹɛv/ v
monter le régime de
To increase the speed of a motor, or to operate at a higher speed.

rev up v
monter dans les tours
(idiomatic) To increase the speed of an engine, especially that of a stationary motor car.

revamp /ɹiˈvæmp/ /ɹiːˈvæmp/ /ˈɹiˌvæmp/ /ˈɹiːvæmp/ v
améliorer renouveler retaper reviser ripoliner
(transitive) To improve, renew, renovate, or revise (something). [from early 19th c.]

revanche /ɹəˈvænt͡ʃ/ /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃ/ /ɹəˈvɑ̃ʃ/ revanches n
revanche
Revenge or retaliation.

revanchism /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪz(ə)m/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪz(ə)m/ revanchisms n
revanchisme
The political policy of endeavouring to regain lost territory.

revanchist /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪst/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪst/ adj
revanchard revanchiste
Seeking revenge or otherwise advocating retaliation, especially against a nation which has previously defeated and humiliated the revanchist party in war. Originally referred to the French indignation over losing Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in the Franco-Prussian War.

revanchist /ɹəˈvɑnt͡ʃɪst/ /ɹɪˈvæn(t)ʃɪst/ revanchists n
revanchiste revanchard revancharde
A revanchist person; occasionally, anyone seeking vengeance.

reveal /ɹəˈvil/ /ɹəˈviːl/ /ɹɪˈvil/ /ɹɪˈviːl/ [ɹɪˈvɪil] v
révéler
(transitive) To uncover; to show and display that which was hidden.
révéler laisser voir
(transitive) To communicate that which could not be known or discovered without divine or supernatural instruction.

revealed religion revealed religions n
religion révélée
(uncountable) The type of religion which relies on communication originating directly from a divine being (as reported by prophets, mystics, disciples, etc.) to establish what religious beliefs are authoritative and acceptable.

reveille /ɹɪˈvæ.li/ /ˈɹɛ.və.li/ reveilles n
réveil diane
(military) The sounding of a bugle or drum early in the morning to awaken soldiers.

revelation /ˌɹɛv.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ revelations n
révélation
The act of revealing or disclosing.
Something dramatically disclosed.
(theology) A manifestation of divine truth.

revenant /ˈɹɛvənənt/ revenants n
revenant revenante
Someone who returns from a long absence.
revenant
A person or thing reborn.
A supernatural being that returns from the dead; a zombie or ghost.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ revenges n
vengeance revanche
Any form of personal, retaliatory action against an individual, institution, or group for some alleged or perceived harm or injustice.

revenge /ɹiˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹəˈvendʒ/ /ɹəˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ /ɹɪˈvɛnd͡ʒ/ v
venger
(transitive) To take revenge for (a particular harmful action) or on behalf of (its victim); to avenge.
(transitive, reflexive) To take one's revenge (on or upon someone).

revenge is a dish best served cold proverb
la vengeance est un plat qui se mange froid
Revenge is best or most satisfying when delayed.

revenge is sweet phraseologicalUnit
vengeance en représailles
Said when one is satisfied in taking revenge.

revenge porn n
pornovengeance revenge porn
(informal) Sexually explicit media of a person distributed online without the consent of the pictured individual, typically by a former partner or hacker, and often with the intent to humiliate the subject and damage his/her reputation.

revenue /ɹɪˈvɛnjuː/ /ˈɹɛvənjuː/ /ˈɹɛvəˌn(j)u/ revenues n
revenu
The income returned by an investment.
The total income received from a given source.
revenu revenus
All income generated for some political entity's treasury by taxation and other means.
chiffre d'affaires revenu
(accounting) The total sales; turnover.

revenue stamp revenue stamps n
timbre fiscal
A stamp to be affixed as proof that the tax due on the marked product has been paid.

reverberate /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ).bəɹ.eɪt/ v
réverbérer
(intransitive) To ring or sound with many echos.
résonner
To return or send back; to repel or drive back; to echo, as sound; to reflect, as light, as light or heat.

reverberation /ɹiˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)bəɹeɪʃən/ reverberations n
contrecoup
A violent oscillation or vibration.
echo
An echo, or a series of overlapping echoes.
réflexion
The reflection of light or heat; a reflection in, or as though in, a mirror.
répercussion
(mostly, in the plural) An evolving series of effects resulting from a particular event; a repercussion.

revere /ɹə.viːɹ/ v
révérer idolâtrer
(transitive) to regard someone or something with great awe or devotion.

reverence /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈɹɛv.ɹəns/ reverences n
révérence

reverend /ˈɹɛvəɹənd/ /ˈɹɛvɹənd/ reverends n
révérend
(informal) A member of the Christian clergy; a minister.

reverent /ˈɹev.ə.ɹənt/ /ˈɹev.ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛv.ə.ɹənt/ /ˈɹɛv.ɹənt/ more reverent most reverent adj
pieux
Showing or characterized by great respect or reverence; respectful.

reverie /ˈɹɛvəɹi/ reveries n
rêverie
A state of dreaming while awake; a loose or irregular train of thought; musing or meditation; daydream. [from 1657]

revers revers n
revers
A lapel of a garment, turned back to show the reverse side.

reversal /ɹɪˈvɜː(ɹ)səl/ reversals n
inversion renversement
An instance of reversing.

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ adj
inverse
Pertaining to engines, vehicle movement etc. moving in a direction opposite to the usual direction. [from 19th c.]
(rail transport, of points) To be in the non-default position; to be set for the lesser-used route.

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ reverses n
contraire
The opposite of something. [from 14th c.]
recul
The act of going backwards; a reversal. [from 15th c.]
revers
A piece of misfortune; a setback. [from 16th c.]
côté pile
(numismatics) The tails side of a coin, or the side of a medal or badge that is opposite the obverse. [from 17th c.]
envers revers
The side of something facing away from a viewer, or from what is considered the front; the other side. [from 18th c.]
marche arrière
The gear setting of an automobile that makes it travel backwards. [from 19th c.]

reverse /ɹɪˈvɜːs/ /ɹɪˈvɝs/ v
renverser
(obsolete, transitive) To turn away; to cause to depart.
(obsolete, transitive) To cause to return; to recall.
reculer
(ergative, transport) To cause a mechanism to operate or move in the opposite direction to normal; to drive a vehicle in the direction the driver has the back.

reverse dictionary reverse dictionaries n
dictionnaire inverse
A dictionary in which entries are sorted alphabetically by their last letter, then second-to-last, and so on: Nausicaa would precede Hecuba, which would precede orca; influenza would precede cab, and so on.

reverse discrimination n
discrimination positive
(legal, ethics, public policy) The policy or practice of discriminating against members of a designated group which has in the past unfairly received preferential treatment in social, legal, educational, or employment situations, with the intention of benefiting one or more other groups (such as racial, disabled, or gender groups) that have previously been discriminated against.

reverse engineering n
rétro-ingénierie
The process of analyzing the construction and operation of a product in order to manufacture a similar one.

reverse osmosis n
osmose inverse
(chemistry) a technique whereby a solution is forced through a semipermeable membrane under pressure; used to generate drinkable water from seawater, or to separate chemical compounds

reverse psychology n
psychologie inversée
(psychology) The advocacy of one course of action in such a way as to persuade someone to take an opposite course.

reverse shot reverse shots n
contrechamp
(cinematography) A shot in which one character is shown looking back at another, unseen character.

reverse transcriptase reverse transcriptases n
rétrotranscriptase transcriptase inverse
(enzyme) A polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA from an RNA template.

reverse transcription reverse transcriptions n
rétrotranscription transcription inverse
(genetics) The process of creating double-stranded DNA from a single-stranded RNA template (the reverse of the standard process).

reversibility reversibilities n
réversibilité
The property of being reversible.

reversible /ɹəˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪbəl/ adj
réversible
Able to be reversed.
(of, clothing) Able to be worn inside out.

reversing reversings n
reversement
An act of reversal.

reversion /ɹəˈvɚʒən/ /ɹɪˈvɚʒən/ /ɹɪˈvɜːʃ(ə)n̩/ /ɹɪˈvɜːʒ(ə)n̩/ reversions n
retour
The action of returning to a former condition or practice.
(property law) An estate which has been returned in this manner.
(genetics) The return of a genetic characteristic after a period of suppression.

revert /ɹiˈvɝt/ /ɹɪˈvɜːt/ /ɹɪˈvɝt/ /ˈɹiˌvɝt/ /ˈɹiːˌvɜːt/ reverts n
conversion
(Islam, due to the belief that all people are born Muslim) A convert to Islam.

revert /ɹiˈvɝt/ /ɹɪˈvɜːt/ /ɹɪˈvɝt/ /ˈɹiˌvɝt/ /ˈɹiːˌvɜːt/ v
revenir
retourner redevenir retomber
(transitive, now, rare) To turn back, or turn to the contrary; to reverse.
refléter renvoyer réverbérer
To throw back; to reflect; to reverberate.

review /ɹɪˈvjuː/ reviews n
relecture
A second or subsequent reading of a text or artifact in an attempt to gain new insights.
compte rendu critique
An account intended as a critical evaluation of a text or a piece of work.
révision
(legal) A judicial reassessment of a case or an event.
revue
A periodical which makes a survey of the arts or some other field.
A military inspection or display for the benefit of superiors or VIPs.

review /ɹɪˈvjuː/ v
réviser
To look back over in order to correct or edit; to revise.

reviewer reviewers n
relecteur réviseur
A person who writes reviews for a newspaper or other publication; a critic.

revile /ɹəˈvaɪl/ v
insulter
(ambitransitive) To attack (someone) with abusive language.

revise /ɹɪˈvaɪ̯z/ v
revoir
To review, alter and amend, especially of written material.
réviser revoir
(obsolete) To look at again, to reflect on.

reviser revisers n
relecteur relectrice
(translation studies) A person who verifies the quality of a translated text in professional translation project management.

revision /riˈvɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ /rəˈvɪ.ʒ(ə)n/ revisions n
révision
The action or process of reviewing, editing and amending.
modification
(countable) A changed edition, or new version; a modification.

revisionism /ɹɪˈvɪʒəˌnɪzəm/ revisionisms n
révisionnisme
(historiography) The advocacy of a revision of some accepted theory, doctrine or a view of historical events.
(Marxism, derogatory) An evolutionary form of Marxism, abandoning some of its original principles.

revisionist /ɹɪˈvɪʒənɪst/ more revisionist most revisionist adj
révisionniste
Of or pertaining to revisionism

revisionist /ɹɪˈvɪʒənɪst/ revisionists n
révisionniste
A proponent of revisionism

revitalise v
revivifier
To give new life, energy, activity or success to something.

revivable more revivable most revivable adj
revivifiable
That can be revived. Possible to return to life.

revival /ɹɪˈvaɪvəl/ revivals n
renaissance résurrection
The act of reviving, or the state of being revived.
réveil
(religion) Renewed interest in religion, after indifference and decline; a period of religious awakening; special religious interest.

revivalist more revivalist most revivalist adj
revivaliste
(US) Evangelistic.

revivalist revivalists n
revivaliste

revocation /ˌɹɛvəˈkeɪʃən/ revocations n
révocation
An act or instance of revoking.

revocatory adj
révocatoire
Of or pertaining to revocation; revocative; tending to revoke or recall.

revoke /rɪˈvəʊk/ /ɹɪˈvoʊk/ /ɹɪˈvəʊk/ v
révoquer
(transitive) To cancel or invalidate by withdrawing or reversing.

revolt /ɹɪˈvoʊlt/ /ɹɪˈvɒlt/ /ɹɪˈvəʊlt/ revolts n
révolte
An act of revolting.

revolt /ɹɪˈvoʊlt/ /ɹɪˈvɒlt/ /ɹɪˈvəʊlt/ v
révolter
To cause to turn back; to roll or drive back; to put to flight.

revolting more revolting most revolting adj
repoussant répugnant
repulsive, disgusting

revolution /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃən/ revolutions n
révolution
A political upheaval in a government or state characterized by great change.
A sudden, vast change in a situation, a discipline, or the way of thinking and behaving.
révolution coup d'état
The removal and replacement of a government, especially by sudden violent action.
révolution tour
Rotation: the turning of an object around an axis, one complete turn of an object during rotation.
In the case of celestial bodies, the traversal of one body along an orbit around another body.

revolutionarily adv
révolutionnairement

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ more revolutionary most revolutionary adj
révolutionnaire
Of or pertaining to a revolution in government; tending to, or promoting, revolution
pertaining to something that portends of great change; overthrowing a standing mindset

revolutionary /-ˈljuː-/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluʃənɛɹi/ /ˌɹɛvəˈluːʃənɹi/ revolutionaries n
révolutionnaire
A revolutionist; a person who revolts.

revolutionize /ˌɹev.əˈl(j)uː.ʃəˌnɑɪz/ /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)u.ʃəˌnaɪz/ /ˌɹɛv.əˈl(j)uː.ʃəˌnaɪz/ v
révolutionner
to radically or significantly change, as in a revolution

revolve /ɹɪˈvɒlv/ v
retourner tourner
(intransitive) To orbit a central point (especially of a celestial body). [from 17th c.]
tourner retourner
(transitive, now, rare) To ponder on; to reflect repeatedly upon; to consider all aspects of. [from 15th c.]

revolver /ɹɪˈvɒl.vɚ/ revolvers n
revolver révolver
(firearms) A handgun with a revolving chamber enabling several shots to be fired without reloading.

revolving door revolving doors n
porte tournante porte tambour
A door that rotates around a central pivot.
pantouflage
(politics) A movement of personnel between roles as legislators and regulators, on the one hand, and members of the industries affected by the legislation and regulation, on the other.

revue /ɹəˈvjuː/ /ɹɪˈvjuː/ revues n
revue
A form of theatrical entertainment in which recent events, popular fads, etc., are parodied.

rewalk v
remarcher
To walk again, specifically to walk where one has already walked.

reward /ɹiˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔːd/ /ɹɪˈwɑː(ɹ)d/ /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ /ɹɪˈwɔːd/ rewards n
récompense salaire
Something of value given in return for an act.
récompense
A prize promised for a certain deed or catch
The result of an action, whether good or bad.

reward /ɹiˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔɹd/ /ɹəˈwɔːd/ /ɹɪˈwɑː(ɹ)d/ /ɹɪˈwɔɹd/ /ɹɪˈwɔːd/ v
récompenser
(transitive) To give a reward to or for.

rewarding adj
gratifiant
Giving or resulting in reward or satisfaction.

rewatch /ɹiːˈwɒtʃ/ /ˈɹiːwɒtʃ/ v
reregarder
To watch again.

rewild v
réensauvager
(ecology) To return an area to a more wild state, especially to repopulate it with wild animals that have become extirpated.

rewind /ɹiːˈwaɪnd/ v
rembobiner
(transitive, intransitive) To wind (something) again.

rewritable adj
réinscriptible
Able to be rewritten, or written again.

rewrite /ɹiˈɹaɪt/ /ɹiːˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹi.ɹaɪt/ /ˈɹiː.ɹaɪt/ v
réécrire récrire
(transitive) To write again, differently; to modify; to revise.

rewrite history v
réécrire l'histoire

rewriting rewritings n
réécriture
(logic, computer science) Any of wide range of potentially non-deterministic methods of replacing subterms of a formula with other terms.

rewriting v
réécrivant
present participle of rewrite

rezone v
redécouper
to change the zoning assigned to a piece of property by the planning and zoning commission of a government that determines proper and legal use for land.

rezoning rezonings n
redécoupage
the act, process or result of being rezoned

rhabdomyolysis /ˌɹæb.doʊ.maɪˈɑl.əs.ɪs/ /ˌɹæb.də.mʌɪˈɒl.ɪs.ɪs/ /ˌɹæb.dəʊ.mʌɪˈɒl.ɪs.ɪs/ rhabdomyolyses n
rhabdomyolyse
(medicine) The rapid disintegration of striated muscle tissue accompanied by the excretion of myoglobin in the urine.

rhapsody /ˈɹæpsədi/ rhapsodies n
rhapsodie rapsodie
(music) An instrumental composition of irregular form, often incorporating improvisation.

rhea /ˈɹiːə/ rheas n
nandou
A large flightless bird of the genus Rhea, native to South America.

rheme /ɹiːm/ rhemes n
rhème
(linguistics) The part of a sentence that provides new information regarding the current theme.

rhenium /ˈɹiːniəm/ rheniums n
rhénium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Re) with an atomic number of 75: a heavy, silvery-gray transition metal.

rheological more rheological most rheological adj
rhéologique
(physics) of, or relating to rheology

rheology /ɹiːˈɒlədʒi/ rheologies n
rhéologie
(physics) The branch of physics that studies the deformation and flow of matter.

rheometer rheometers n
rhéomètre
A device used to measure the flow properties of fluids with variable viscosity.
(obsolete) A device used to measure the flow of electric current: an ammeter.

rheostat /ˈɹiːəstæt/ rheostats n
potentiomètre rhéostat
An electrical resistor, with two terminals, whose resistance is continuously variable by moving a knob or slider.

rhesus macaque rhesus macaques n
macaque rhésus
A monkey, Macaca mulatta, common throughout southern Asia, that is extensively used for medical research.

rhetoric /ˈɹɛtəɹɪk/ rhetorics n
rhétorique discours
The art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade.
rhétorique
Meaningless language with an exaggerated style intended to impress.

rhetorical /ɹəˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /ɹəˈtɔɹɪkəl/ /ɹɪˈtɒɹ.ɪ.kəl/ /ɹɪˈtɔɹɪkəl/ adj
rhétorique
Part of or similar to rhetoric, the use of language as a means to persuade.

rhetorical question rhetorical questions n
question rhétorique
A question posed only for dramatic or persuasive effect.

rhetorically adv
rhétoriquement
In a rhetorical manner.

rheum /ɹuːm/ /ɹɪu̯m/ rheums n
chassie morve
(uncountable) Thin or watery discharge of mucus or serum, especially from the eyes or nose, formerly thought to cause disease. [from 14th c.]

rheumatic /ɹuːˈmætɪk/ more rheumatic most rheumatic adj
rhumatismal
Resembling or relating to rheumatism.

rheumatism /ˈɹu.məˌtɪz.əm/ /ˈɹu.məˌtɪz/ rheumatisms n
rhumatisme
(pathology) Any disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, nerves, characterized by pain, discomfort and disability.

rheumatoid more rheumatoid most rheumatoid adj
rhumatoïde
(medicine, dated) Presenting analogies with rheumatism.

rheumatoid arthritis rheumatoid arthritides n
polyarthrite rhumatoïde
(pathology) A chronic and progressive disease in which the immune system attacks the joints. It is characterised by pain, inflammation and swelling of the joints, stiffness, weakness, loss of mobility and deformity. Tissues throughout the body can be affected, including the skin, blood vessels, heart, lungs, and muscles.

rheumatologist rheumatologists n
rhumatologue
A doctor specializing in the treatment of arthritis and other ailments of the joints.

rheumatology n
rhumatologie
(medicine) The branch of medicine specializing in arthritis and other ailments of the joints.

rheumy /ˈɹumi/ /ˈɹuːmi/ rheumier rheumiest adj
chassieux
Producing rheum from the mucous membranes; (also, figuratively) especially of the eyes: filled with rheum; watery.

rhinarium rhinaria n
rhinarium truffe
The naked surface of skin around the external openings of the nostrils of the nose in most mammals, usually more or less moist and embossed.

rhinestone rhinestones n
strass
An artificial diamond, strass.

rhinitis /ɹaɪˈnaɪtɪs/ rhinitides n
rhinite
(pathology) Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose.

rhino /ˈɹaɪ.noʊ/ /ˈɹaɪ.nəʊ/ rhinos n
rhino
(colloquial) A rhinoceros. [from 19th c.]

rhino- /ɹaɪˈnɒ-/ /ˌɹaɪnoʊ-/ prefix
rhino-
Of the nose.

rhinoceros /ɹaɪˈnɑs.ɚ.əs/ /ɹaɪˈnɒs.ə.ɹəs/ rhinoceri rhinoceroi rhinoceros rhinoceroses rhinocerosses rhinocerotes n
rhinocéros
Any of several large herbivorous ungulates native to Africa and Asia of the five extant species in the three extant genera in the family Rhinocerotidae, with thick, gray skin and one or two horns on their snouts.

rhinoceros beetle rhinoceros beetles n
scarabée rhinocéros
Any of various tropical beetles, of the subfamily Dynastinae, having horns on the head and thorax; a pest on coconuts.

rhinophore rhinophores n
rhinophores
A club-shaped structure that occurs in pairs as the most prominent part of the external head anatomy of the dorid nudibranchs.

rhinoplastic adj
rhinoplastique

rhinoplastician rhinoplasticians n
rhinoplasticien rhinoplasticienne

rhinoplasty rhinoplasties n
rhinoplastie
(medicine, surgery, uncountable) A type of plastic surgery that is used to improve the function (reconstructive surgery) or appearance (cosmetic surgery) of a person's nose.

rhinorrhea rhinorrheas n
rhinorrhée
(medicine) A persistent discharge of watery mucus from the nose; typical of the common cold.

rhinotillexomania /ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪniə/ /ˌɹaɪnəʊtɪˌlɛksəˈmeɪnjə/ n
décrottage de nez rhinotillexomanie
(psychiatry) Compulsive nose-picking, insertion of finger into one's nose.

rhinovirus rhinoviruses n
rhinovirus
Any of many common infectious RNA viruses, of the genus Rhinovirus, that cause disorders such as the common cold.

rhizo- prefix
rhizo-

rhizome /ˈɹaɪzoʊm/ rhizomes n
rhizome
(botany) A horizontal, underground stem of some plants that sends out roots and shoots (scions) from its nodes.

rhizosphere rhizospheres n
rhizosphère
(soil science) the soil region subject to the influence of plant roots and their associated microorganisms

rho /ɹoʊ/ /ɹəʊ/ rhos n
rhô
The seventeenth letter of the Modern Greek and Classical alphabets and the nineteenth letter of Old and Ancient.

rhodic /ˈɹəʊdɪk/ adj
rhodique
(inorganic chemistry) Of or pertaining to rhodium, especially tetravalent rhodium

rhodium /ˈɹoʊdiəm/ rhodiums n
rhodium
A rare, hard, silvery-white, inert metallic chemical element (symbol Rh) with an atomic number of 45.

rhodochrosite rhodochrosites n
rhodochrosite
(mineral) A crystalline mineral composed mainly of manganese carbonate MnCO3.

rhododendron /ɹoʊdəˈdɛndɹən/ rhododendra rhododendrons n
rhododendron
Any of various flowering shrubs in the genus Rhododendron, especially

rhombic adj
rhombique losangique
Having the characteristics of a rhombus.

rhombicosidodecahedron /ˌɹɑmbaɪˌkoʊsidoʊˌdɛkəˈhidɹə/ /ˌɹɑmbaɪˌkoʊsidoʊˌdɛkəˈhidɹən/ /ˌɹɑmbə-/ /ˌɹɒmbaɪˌkəʊsidəʊˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹə/ /ˌɹɒmbaɪˌkəʊsidəʊˌdɛkəˈhiːdɹən/ /ˌɹɒmbɪ-/ rhombicosidodecahedra rhombicosidodecahedrons n
petit rhombicosidodécaèdre rhombicosidodécaèdre
(geometry) An Archimedean solid with 62 regular faces (20 triangles, 30 squares, and 12 pentagons), 60 vertices and 120 edges.

rhombicuboctahedron rhombicuboctahedra rhombicuboctahedrons n
rhombicuboctaèdre
(geometry) An Archimedean solid with eight triangular and eighteen square faces; the small rhombicuboctahedron.

rhombohedral adj
rhomboédrique
(crystallography) Having three equal axes and oblique angles.

rhombohedron rhombohedra rhombohedrons n
rhomboèdre
A prism with six faces, each a rhombus.

rhombus /ˈɹɑːmbəs/ /ˈɹɒmbəs/ rhombi rhombuses n
losange rhombus
(geometry) A parallelogram having all sides of equal length. [from 16th c.]

rhopalic more rhopalic most rhopalic adj
rhopalique
(poetry, rhetoric) Having each successive word longer by a letter or syllable.

rhotacism /ˈɹoʊtəsɪzəm/ rhotacisms n
rhotacisme
(countable, phonology) A linguistic phenomenon in which a consonant changes into an R, such as Latin flos becoming florem in the accusative case; rhotacization.

rhoticity n
rhoticité
The quality of being rhotic.

rhubarb /ˈɹuˌbɑɹb/ /ˈɹuːbɑːb/ [ɹɪu̯-] [ˈɹuːbaɹb] rhubarb rhubarbs n
rhubarbe
Any plant of the genus Rheum, especially Rheum rhabarbarum, having large leaves and long green or reddish acidic leafstalks that are edible, in particular when cooked (although the leaves are mildly poisonous).

rhumb /ɹʌm/ /ɹʌmb/ rhumbs n
rhumb rumb
(navigation) One of the 32 points of the compass (compass points)
(navigation) A unit of angular measure equal to 1/32 of a circle or 11.25°

rhumb line rhumb lines n
loxodromie ligne de vent
(nautical) A line that cuts all meridians at the same angle, the path of a vessel that maintains a constant compass direction.

rhyme /ɹaɪm/ rhymes n
strophe vers rime
A thought expressed in verse; a verse; a poem; a tale told in verse.
rime
(countable, in particular) A word that rhymes with another, in that it is pronounced identically with the other word from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end.
(uncountable) Rhyming: sameness of sound of part of some words.
(linguistics) The second part of a syllable, from the vowel on, as opposed to the onset.

rhyme /ɹaɪm/ v
rime rimer vi vers
rimer faire rimer
(intransitive, followed by with) Of a word, to be pronounced identically with another from the vowel in its stressed syllable to the end.
faire rimer rimer
(reciprocal) Of two or more words, to be pronounced identically from the vowel in the stressed syllable of each to the end of each.

rhyme off v
débiter rapidement énumérer rapidement
(chiefly, Canada, idiomatic, transitive) To list or recite quickly.

rhyme or reason n
n'avoir ni queue ni tête ne rimer à rien
(idiomatic, negative polarity) Logic; common sense.

rhymester rhymesters n
rimeur rimeuse
A rhymer; a poetaster

rhyming dictionary rhyming dictionaries n
dictionnaire de rimes
A reference work that provides lists of rhymes for any given word.

rhythm /ˈɹɪð.əm/ /ˈɹɪθ.əm/ [ˈɹɪð.m̩] rhythms n
rythme
The variation of strong and weak elements (such as duration, accent) of sounds, notably in speech or music, over time; a beat or meter.
A flow, repetition or regularity.
The tempo or speed of a beat, song or repetitive event.

rhythm game rhythm games n
jeu de rythme
(video game genre) A game that challenges the player to press buttons etc. to match a timed sequence indicated on the screen, usually in order to make the game character perform music or dance moves.

rhythm guitar rhythm guitars n
guitare rythmique
A guitar in a band that provides rhythm, usually by playing chords or similar accompanying parts, to support the lead guitar.

rhythm section rhythm sections n
section rythmique
The section of a band maintaining the rhythm, consisting of e.g. drums, bass, keyboard, etc.

rhythmic gymnastics n
gymnastique rythmique gymnastique rythmique et sportive
(gymnastics) A discipline of gymnastics where the gymnast manipulates one of five apparatuses (ribbon, ball, rope, clubs, hoop) in a rhythmic manner.

ria rias n
aber ria
(geography) A narrow inlet of the sea formed by a flooded unglaciated river valley. [from 19th c.]

rial /ɹiːˈɑːl/ rials n
rial
The official currencies of Iran, Oman, and Yemen.
A former currency of Morocco and Tunisia

rib /ɹɪb/ ribs n
nervure côte
(anatomy) Any of a series of long curved bones occurring in 12 pairs in humans and other animals and extending from the spine to or toward the sternum.
(aeronautics) Any of several transverse pieces that provide an aircraft wing with shape and strength.
côte côtelette
A cut of meat enclosing one or more rib bones.
femme moitié épouse
(archaic, literary, or, humorous) A wife or woman.

rib cage rib cages n
cage thoracique
(skeleton) A part of the skeleton within the thoracic area consisting of ribs, sternum and thoracic vertebrae.
The enclosed area created by and within the ribs.

ribald /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈɹɪb.əld/ more ribald most ribald adj
grivois grossier paillard vulgaire
Coarsely, vulgarly, or lewdly amusing; referring to sexual matters in a rude or irreverent way.

ribald /ˈɹaɪ.bɔld/ /ˈɹɪb.əld/ ribalds n
balourd dégoûtant lourdaud sagouin
An individual who is filthy or vulgar in nature.

ribaldry ribaldries n
grivoiserie paillardise polissonnerie ribauderie
Joking or humorous language or behaviour used in a vulgar or lewd fashion.

ribauldequin /ɹɪˈbəʊdɪkɪn/ ribauldequins n
ribaudequin
An engine of war used in the Middle Ages, consisting of a protected elevated staging on wheels, and armed in front with pikes. After the 14th century it was furnished with small cannon.
A huge bow fixed on the wall of a fortified town for casting javelins.
(firearms) Synonym of organ gun.

ribbed vault ribbed vaults n
croisée d'ogives voûte d'ogives
(architecture) A building structure created by an intersection of two or three vaults.

ribbit /ˈɹɪbət/ /ˈɹɪbɪt/ interjection
croâ
(onomatopoeia) The vocal sound made by a frog or toad.

ribbon /ˈɹɪbən/ ribbons n
ruban
A long, narrow strip of material used for decoration of clothing or the hair or gift wrapping.
An awareness ribbon.
(computing, graphical user interface) A toolbar that incorporates tabs and menus.

ribbon cable ribbon cables n
limande nappe
A cable with many conducting wires running parallel to each other on the same flat plane; often used for internal peripherals in a computer.

ribbon seal ribbon seals n
phoque annelé
A species (Histriophoca fasciata) of true seal (or earless seal) found in the Arctic and subarctic regions of the North Pacific Ocean.

ribbonmaker ribbonmakers n
rubanier rubanière
One who makes ribbons.

ribeye steak ribeye steaks n
bifteck de côte bifteck de côte sans os entrecôte entrecôte sans os

riboflavin /ˌraɪboʊˈfleɪvɪn/ riboflavins n
riboflavine
(vitamin) Yellow or orange-yellow water-soluble compound, a member of the vitamin B complex, that acts as a growth-promoting factor in humans and other animals.

ribonuclease /ˌɹaɪbəʊˈnjuːklieɪz/ ribonucleases n
ribonucléase
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ribonucleic acid.

ribonucleic adj
ribonucléique
(genetics) Of or pertaining to ribonucleic acid (RNA) or its derivatives

ribonucleic acid ribonucleic acids n
acide ribonucléique
(biochemistry) A derivative of DNA having ribose in place of deoxyribose, and uracil in place of thymine; its primary function is in the transcription of genetic material and subsequent synthesis of protein.

ribonucleoprotein ribonucleoproteins n
ribonucléoprotéine
(biochemistry) Any nucleoprotein that contains RNA.

ribonucleotide ribonucleotides n
ribonucléotide
(biochemistry, genetics) Any nucleotide having ribose as its sugar

ribose /ˈɹaɪbəʊz/ riboses n
ribose
(carbohydrate) A naturally occurring pentose sugar, which is a component of the nucleosides and nucleotides that constitute the nucleic acid biopolymer, RNA. It is also found in riboflavin.

ribosomal more ribosomal most ribosomal adj
ribosomique
Of or relating to ribosomes.

ribosome /ˈɹaɪbəˌsoʊm/ /ˈɹaɪbəˌsəʊm/ ribosomes n
ribosome
(biology, cytology) A small organelle found in all cells; involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA. [from 20th c.]

ribosomic adj
ribosomique
Of or pertaining to ribosomes.

ribsteak ribsteaks n
bifteck de côte bifteck de côte sur os entrecôte entrecôte sur os

ribwort ribworts n
plantain lancéolé
ribgrass; Old World plantain, Plantago lanceolata.

rice /ɹaɪs/ rices n
riz
(countable) A specific variety of this plant.
(uncountable) The seeds of this plant used as food.

rice cake rice cakes n
gâteau de riz
galette de riz
A food item made from puffed rice congealed in a wafer, usually circular and palm-sized.

rice cooker rice cookers n
cuiseur de riz cuit-riz
A kitchen appliance which is designed to cook rice, through either boiling or steaming it. It may also be used as a steam cooker for other foods.

rice flour rice flours n
farine de riz
Flour made from rice.

rice growing n
riziculture
The growing of rice.

rice hull rice hulls n
balle de riz
The hard protecting covering of a grain of rice.

rice milk rice milks n
lait de riz
A milky liquid made from rice and used as a milk substitute, cooking ingredient or beverage.

rice paper rice papers n
papier de riz
A thin, fragile paper made from parts of the rice plant, used in artificial flowers and watercolour art.

rice pudding rice puddings n
riz au lait gâteau de riz
(chiefly, British) A milk pudding made from rice, milk, sugar and nutmeg.

rice vinegar rice vinegars n
vinaigre de riz
A type of vinegar made from fermented rice or rice wine, used in Chinese, Japanese and Korean cooking.

rice wine rice wines n
vin de riz
An alcoholic beverage made from fermenting various forms of rice, usually with an ABV similar to grape wine.

rich /ɹɪt͡ʃ/ richer richest adj
riche
Wealthy: having a lot of money and possessions.

rich as Croesus adj
riche comme Crésus
(simile) Very wealthy.

rich kid /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ ˌkɪd/ rich kids n
fils à papa gosse de riche
(US, informal, somewhat, pejorative) A child, adolescent or young adult from a wealthy family, especially one who flaunts his or her wealth or privilege.

rich man rich men n
femme riche homme riche richard richarde
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see rich,‎ man. (This entry is a translation hub.)

rich text n
texte riche
(computing) Text that has been enhanced with formatting, multimedia, etc., such as Microsoft's Rich Text Format or the enriched text format used in electronic mail.

richness /ˈɹɪt͡ʃnəs/ richnesses n
richesse
(uncountable) The state or quality of being rich; wealthiness, wealth, riches.

ricin /ˈɹaɪsɪn/ n
ricine
(protein, poison) An extremely toxic lectin extracted from the castor bean.

ricinoleic acid /ˌɹaɪ.sɪ.noʊˌli.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd/ /ˌɹʌɪ.sɪ.nəʊˌliː.ɪk ˈas.ɪd/ n
acide palmique

rick /ɹɪk/ ricks n
meule
Straw, hay etc. stored in a stack for winter fodder, commonly protected with thatch.

rickets /ˈɹɪkɪts/ n
rachitisme
(pathology) A disorder of infancy and early childhood caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, causing soft bones.

rickety /ˈɹɪk.e.ti/ /ˈɹɪk.ɪ.ti/ ricketier ricketiest adj
boiteux branlant délabré
(of an object) Not strong or sturdy, as because of poor construction or upkeep; not safe or secure.
boiteux
(of a person) Feeble in the joints; tottering.
rachitique
Affected with or suffering from rickets.

rickshaw /ˈɹɪk.ʃɔː/ rickshaws n
pousse-pousse
A two-wheeled carriage pulled along by a person.

ricochet /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃeɪ/ /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃɛt/ ricochets n
ricochet
An instance of ricocheting; a glancing rebound.

ricochet /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃeɪ/ /ˈɹɪk.ə.ʃɛt/ v
ricocher
To rebound off something wildly in a seemingly random direction.

ricotta /ɹəˈkɑtə/ /ɹɪˈkɑtə/ /ɹɪˈkɒtə/ ricottas n
ricotta
A soft Italian unsalted whey cheese resembling cottage cheese.

rictus /ˈɹɪk.təs/ /ˈɹɪk.tʊs/ rictus rictuses n
rictus
Any open-mouthed expression.

rid /ˈɹɪd/ adj
débarrasser
Released from an obligation, problem, etc. (usually followed by of).

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ riddles n
devinette énigme devinaille
A verbal puzzle, mystery, or other problem of an intellectual nature.

riddle /ˈɹɪdəl/ v
cribler
To put something through a riddle or sieve; to sieve; to sift.
To fill with holes like a riddle.
To fill or spread throughout; to pervade.

ride /ɹaɪd/ rides n
bagnole
course tour
An instance of riding.

ride /ɹaɪd/ v
chevaucher rouler monter
(intransitive, transitive) To transport oneself by sitting on and directing a horse, later also a bicycle etc. [from 8th c., transitive usage from 9th c.]
conduire monter
(intransitive, transitive) To be transported in a vehicle; to travel as a passenger. [from 9th c., transitive usage from 19th c.]
monter chevaucher
(intransitive, transitive, slang, vulgar) To mount (someone) to have sex with them; to have sexual intercourse with. [from 13th c.]

ride roughshod over /ˌɹaɪd ˈɹʌfʃɑd ˌoʊvɚ/ /ˌɹaɪd ˈɹʌfʃɒd ˌəʊvə/ v
fouler aux pieds
(transitive, idiomatic) To treat (someone) roughly or without care, control, moderation, or respect; to act in a bullying manner toward (someone); to damage (someone or something).

rider /ˈɹaɪ.də/ /ˈɹaɪ.dəɹ/ /ˈɹɑɪ.də/ [ˈɹ̠aɪdə] [ˈɹ̠aɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠äɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʷɑe̯də] riders n
cavalier cavalière
(generally) Someone who rides a horse or (later) a bicycle, motorcycle etc. [from 14th c.]

rideshare rideshares n
covoiturage
A ridesharing arrangement in which people travel together.

ridge /ɹɪd͡ʒ/ ridges n
crête
The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground.
A chain of mountains.
faîte
The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.
dorsale
(oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom.

ridge beam /ɹɪdʒ biːm/ ridge beams n
panne faîtière
(carpentry) The top longitudinal beam of a ridged roof where the top ends of the rafters meet.

ridged band ridged bands n
bande striée
The highly vascularized and innervated area of erogenous tissue at the tip of the prepuce.

ridgepole /ˈɹɪdʒpəʊl/ ridgepoles n
panne faîtière
A beam along the ridge of a roof to which the rafters are attached. [from 17th c.]

ridicule /ˈɹɪdɪkjuːl/ v
tourner en ridicule ridiculiser tourner en dérision
(transitive) to criticize or disapprove of someone or something through scornful jocularity; to make fun of

ridiculous /ɹiːˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjələs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkjʊləs/ /ɹɪˈdɪkləs/ more ridiculous most ridiculous adj
ridicule
deserving of ridicule; foolish, absurd

ridiculously more ridiculously most ridiculously adv
ridiculement bouffonnement caricaturalement
In a ridiculous manner. In a way that is funny, embarrassing or extremely implausible.

ridiculousness ridiculousnesses n
ridiculité
(uncountable) The characteristic of being ridiculous.
(countable) The result of being ridiculous.

riding /ˈɹaɪdɪŋ/ ridings n
circonscription comté
(Canada) Electoral district or constituency.

riding crop riding crops n
cravache
A horsewhip, short whip used to goad a mount.

rife /ɹaɪf/ rifer rifest adj
abondant
Abounding; present in large numbers, plentiful.

riff /ɹɪf/ riffs n
riff
A repeated instrumental melody line in a song.

riffler rifflers n
rifloir
A curved file used in carving wood and marble.

riffraff /ˈɹɪfɹæf/ riffraffs n
populace racaille canaille
The rabble; crowds; the common people.

rifle /ˈɹaɪfəl/ rifles n
fusil carabine
(weaponry) A firearm fired from the shoulder; improved range and accuracy is provided by a long, rifled barrel.

rifleman riflemen n
fusilier
A soldier trained to use a rifle as their primary weapon.

rift /ɹɪft/ rifts n
fente fissure
A chasm or fissure.
percée éclaircie
A break in the clouds, fog, mist etc., which allows light through.

rig /ɹɪɡ/ rigs n
grééments
(nautical) The rigging of a sailing ship or other such craft.
foreuse
The special apparatus used for drilling wells.
costume tenue
(informal) A costume or an outfit.

rig /ɹɪɡ/ v
gréer
(transitive, nautical) To equip and fit (a ship) with sails, shrouds, and yards.
harnacher
(transitive) To fit out with a harness or other equipment.
déguiser
(transitive, informal) To dress or clothe in some costume.
bâcler
(transitive) To make or construct something in haste or in a makeshift manner.
trafiquer truquer
(transitive) To manipulate something dishonestly for personal gain or discriminatory purposes.

rigged /ɹɪɡd/ more rigged most rigged adj
truqué
(figurative) Pre-arranged and fixed so that the winner or outcome is decided in advance.

rigging /ˈɹɪɡɪŋ/ riggings n
gréement
Dress; tackle; especially (nautical) , the ropes, chains, etc., that support the masts and spars of a sailing vessel, and serve as purchases for adjusting the sails, etc.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] righter or more right rightest or rightmost adj
droit
(archaic) Straight, not bent.
droit droite
(geometry) Of an angle, having a size of 90 degrees, or one quarter of a complete rotation; the angle between two perpendicular lines.
(geography) Designating the bank of a river (etc.) on one's right when facing downstream (i.e. facing forward while floating with the current); that is, the south bank of a river that flows eastward. If this arrow: ⥴ shows the direction of the current, the tilde is on the right side of the river.
droit correct juste bon
Complying with justice, correctness, or reason; correct, just, true.
correct
Appropriate, perfectly suitable; fit for purpose.
de droite
(politics) Pertaining to the political right; conservative.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] adv
à droite
On the right side.
Towards the right side.
juste
Exactly, precisely.
Immediately, directly.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] interjection
d'accord
Yes, that is correct; I agree.
hein n'est-ce pas non
Used to check listener engagement and (especially) agreement at the end of an utterance or each segment thereof.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] rights n
droit
A legal, just or moral entitlement.
droite
The right side or direction.
(politics) The ensemble of right-wing political parties; political conservatives as a group.
droite dextre
The right hand or fist.

right /ˈɹaɪt/ /ˈɹeɪt/ /ˈɹiːt/ /ˈɹʌɪt/ [-t̚] [-ɾ̥] [-ʔ] [ɹei̯t] [ɹəi̯t] [ˈɹaɪt] [ˈɹaɪθ̠] [ˈɹäːtʰ] [ˈɹɑe̯t] [ˈɹɒɪʔ] [ˈɻɐʏt] v
corriger redresser se redresser
(transitive) To do justice to; to relieve from wrong; to restore rights to; to assert or regain the rights of.

right angle right angles n
angle droit droit
(geometry) Half of the angle formed by a single straight line, equivalent to 90 degrees.

right away adv
aussi sec sur le champ séance tenante tout de suite
(idiomatic) Very soon; quickly; immediately.

right bank right banks n
rive droite
The bank to the right of a river when facing downstream.

right brain right brains n
cerveau droit hémisphère droit
The right cerebral hemisphere; the part of the brain popularly associated with creativity.

right hand n
main droite

right honourable adj
très honorable
A courtesy title applied to a privy counsellor, to the lord mayor of various cities, governor general, and to the prime minister of certain Commonwealth countries.

right now adv
en ce moment
At the present moment.

right of asylum rights of asylum n
droit d'asile
(legal) The right of a person persecuted by his or her own country to be protected by another sovereign authority.

right of first refusal rights of first refusal n
droit de préemption
(legal) A provision in a contract that permits a party to that contract or another named party to have an opportunity to purchase, use, or otherwise obtain a specified object before it is offered to any other party.

right of publicity rights of publicity n
droit à l'image

right of way right of ways rights of way n
priorité
(uncountable) The right to proceed first in traffic, on land, on water or in the air. Also in metaphorical senses.
(fencing, uncountable) The priority granted to the first person to properly execute an attack.
droit de passage servitude
(countable) A legal right of passage over another's land or pathways.
droit de passage
(countable) A strip of land or alignment where portions of a roadway, railway, power line, or other utilities and their associated structures and facilities is located or passes acquired through eminent domain or expropriation.
voie voie ferrée
(countable) The area modified for passage of a railway; often specifically the railbed and tracks.

right the ship v
redresser la barre

right to be forgotten n
droit à l'oubli
(law) An individual's legal right to have certain information about themselves deleted, so as to ensure their privacy.

right to keep and bear arms n
port d'armes
(chiefly, US) The right of individuals to possess firearms and armor.

right to life n
droit à la vie
(public policy, legal, ethics) The right of a human being to the continuation of his or her life.

right to work /ɹaɪt tə wɜːk/ /ɹaɪt tə wɝk/ rights to work n
droit au travail
(public policy, legal, ethics) The human right (the right of an individual) to have gainful employment.

right triangle right triangles n
triangle rectangle
(geometry) A triangle having a right angle as one of its interior angles.

right wing right wings n
aile droite
(politics) The more right-wing faction of a group or party.
ailier droit
(ice hockey) The offensive player who plays to the center's right.

right-angled adj
rectangle
(not comparable, geometry) Having a right angle.

right-click v
faire un clic droit
(intransitive, computing) To press the right-hand button on a computer mouse.

right-hand drive adj
conduite à gauche volant à droite
Describes a motor vehicle with the steering wheel on the right-hand side, designed for use in countries such as UK and Japan where cars normally drive on the left.

right-hand man right-hand men n
bras droit factotum grouillot
A trusted assistant.

right-handed n
droitier
Right-handed people, taken as a whole.

right-handedness n
dextralité droiterie
The state of being right-handed.

right-hander right-handers n
droitier droitière
One who is right-handed.

right-justified adj
ferré à droite

right-wing more right-wing most right-wing adj
droit droitier
(politics) Of political ideologies: opposing political and social equality, especially conservative, traditional, and/or reactionary politics.

right-winger right-wingers n
personne de droite
(political) A person who belongs to the political right.
ailier droit ailière droite
(sports) A winger who plays on the right.

rightard rightards n
droitardé
(slang, derogatory, political) A person of right-wing political views.

righteous /ˈɹaɪti.əs/ /ˈɹaɪtjəs/ /ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəs/ more righteous most righteous adj
juste
Free from sin or guilt.
juste moral
Moral and virtuous, to the point of sanctimony.

righteousness /ˈɹaɪt͡ʃəsnəs/ righteousnesses n
justice
(uncountable) The quality or state of being righteous.

rightful /ˈɹaɪtfəl/ adj
légitime
By right; by law.

rightly or wrongly phraseologicalUnit
à tort ou à raison

rightsholder /ˈɹaɪts.həʊldə(ɹ)/ rightsholders n
ayant droit
(legal) A person or organization that owns the legal rights to something

rigid /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd/ more rigid most rigid rigider rigidest adj
rigide
Stiff, rather than flexible.
Rigorous and unbending.
Uncompromising.

rigidity /ɹɪˈd͡ʒɪdɪti/ rigidities n
raideur rigidité
The quality or state of being rigid; lack of pliability; the quality of resisting change of physical shape

rigidly /ˈɹɪd͡ʒ.ɪd.li/ more rigidly most rigidly adv
rigidement
In a rigid manner; stiffly.

rigmarole /ˈɹɪɡməɹoʊl/ /ˈɹɪɡməɹəʊl/ rigmaroles n
charabia
Nonsense; confused and incoherent talk.

rigor mortis rigor mortises n
rigidité cadavérique rigor mortis
Temporary stiffness of a body's muscles and joints following death.

rigorous /ˈɹɪɡəɹəs/ more rigorous most rigorous adj
rigoureux
Showing, causing, or favoring rigour/rigor; scrupulously accurate or strict; thorough.
Severe; intense.

rigorously more rigorously most rigorously adv
rigoureusement
In a rigorous manner.

rigour /ˈɹɪɡə(ɹ)/ rigours n
rigueur
Character of being unyielding or inflexible.

rill /ɹɪl/ rills n
ruisselet
A very small brook; a streamlet; a creek, rivulet.

rillette rillettes n
rillettes
A dish of meat cooked in fat then shredded and served in a ramekin.

rim /ɹɪm/ rims n
jante roue
(automotive, cycling) A wheelrim.

rim /ɹɪm/ v
bouffer le cul
(vulgar, slang) To lick the anus of a partner as a sexual act; to perform anilingus.

rime /ɹaɪm/ rimes n
givre
Archaic in the form rimes: originally, any frozen dew forming a white deposit on exposed surfaces; hoar frost (sense 1).

rind /ɹaɪnd/ rinds n
croûte pelure couenne
A hard, tough outer layer, particularly on food such as fruit, cheese, etc

rinderpest rinderpests n
peste bovine
A contagious disease of ruminants and swine caused by Rinderpest virus, an RNA virus of the genus Morbillivirus.

ring /ɹi(ː)ŋ/ /ɹɪŋ/ rings n
anneau bague
A round piece of (precious) metal worn around the finger or through the ear, nose, etc.
A circumscribing object, (roughly) circular and hollow, looking like an annual ring, earring, finger ring etc.
(astronomy) A formation of various pieces of material orbiting around a planet or young star.
(geometry) A planar geometrical figure included between two concentric circles.
cercle anneau
(UK) A bird band, a round piece of metal put around a bird's leg used for identification and studies of migration.
A circular group of people or objects.
An exclusive group of people, usually involving some unethical or illegal practices.
anneau bague
(algebra) An algebraic structure which consists of a set with two binary operations: an additive operation and a multiplicative operation, such that the set is an abelian group under the additive operation, a monoid under the multiplicative operation, and such that the multiplicative operation is distributive with respect to the additive operation.
(algebra) An algebraic structure as above, but only required to be a semigroup under the multiplicative operation, that is, there need not be a multiplicative identity element.
anneau d'ensembles anneau
(analysis, measure theory) A family of sets that is closed under finite unions and differences.
sonner
(colloquial) A telephone call.
ring piste manège
A place where some sports or exhibitions take place; notably a circular or comparable arena, such as a boxing ring or a circus ring; hence the field of a political contest.

ring /ɹi(ː)ŋ/ /ɹɪŋ/ v
sonner
(intransitive) Of a bell, etc., to produce a resonant sound.
(transitive) To make (a bell, etc.) produce a resonant sound.
(transitive) To produce (a sound) by ringing.
(intransitive, figuratively) To produce the sound of a bell or a similar sound.
(intransitive, figuratively) Of something spoken or written, to appear to be, to seem, to sound.

ring a bell v
dire quelque chose
(informal, idiom) To seem at least vaguely familiar.

ring back v
rappeler
To return a phone call.
To make another phone call to the same person.

ring binder ring binders n
cartable classeur farde
A folder in which punched pieces of paper may be held by means of clamps running through the holes in the paper.

ring false v
sonner faux
(idiomatic) To seem to be incorrect, or implausible.

ring finger ring fingers n
annulaire
Finger between middle finger and little finger; the "third finger" (UK) or the "fourth finger" (US), especially of the left hand. (The ring finger is the left hand; a ring finger is either hand.)

ring ouzel ring ouzels n
merle à plastron
Turdus torquatus, a European thrush, similar to the common blackbird, but with a ring of white feathers at its neck.

ring road ring roads n
périphérique ring
(chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, UK) A circumferential highway around a town, city, or other conurbation.

ring-billed gull ring-billed gulls n
goéland à bec cerclé
Larus delawarensis, a medium-sized gull of temperate North America.

ring-necked duck ring-necked ducks n
fuligule à collier
Aythya collaris, a diving duck from North America commonly found in freshwater ponds and lakes

ring-necked parakeet ring-necked parakeets n
perruche à collier
A species of parakeet, Psittacula krameri, prevalent in Asia and famous for escaping domestication and establishing wild populations in Britain.

ring-tailed lemur ring-tailed lemurs n
lémur catta
A lemur of species Lemur catta, from Madagascar, with a long black-and-white ringed tail.

ringed /ɹɪŋd/ adj
annelé
Marked with rings, circles, or loops.

ringgit /ˈɹɪŋɡɪt/ ringgit ringgits n
ringgit
The currency of Malaysia

ringleader /ˈɹɪŋˌliːdəɹ/ ringleaders n
chef leader meneur
A leader of a group of people, especially an unofficial group.
meneur chef leader
A person who starts and leads a disturbance (such as a riot), a conspiracy, or a criminal gang.

ringmaster ringmasters n
Madame Loyal Monsieur Loyal
The person who manages the performers in a circus ring.

ringneck dove ringneck doves n
tourterelle rieuse tourterelle domestique
A domesticated dove with an unclear taxonomic classification, often treated as its own species as, Streptopelia risoria. Other sources place it in a subspecies of either Streptopelia decaocto (Eurasian collared dove), or Streptopelia roseogrisea (African collared dove).

ringside seat ringside seats n
être aux premières loges
(idiomatic) Any vantage point providing an excellent view.

ringtail ringtail ringtails n
bassaris rusé
A small carnivorous mammal, Bassariscus astutus, somewhat like a raccoon, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico

ringtone ringtones n
sonnerie sonnerie de téléphone
The sound made by a telephone when ringing.

ringwoodite ringwoodites n
ringwoodite
(mineral) A cubic form of olivine produced under very high pressure, (Mg, Fe2+)2SiO4.

ringworm ringworms n
teigne rogne roue de Sainte-Catherine
A contagious fungal infection of the skin, characterised by ring-shaped discoloured patches, covered by vesicles or scales.

rink /ɹɪŋk/ rinks n
patinoire piste
A sheet of ice prepared for playing certain sports, such as hockey or curling.
équipe
(curling) A team in a competition.

rinse /ɹɛns/ /ɹɪns/ rinses n
rinçage
The action of rinsing.

rinse /ɹɛns/ /ɹɪns/ v
rincer
(transitive) To wash (something) quickly using water and no soap.
(transitive) To remove soap from (something) using water.

riot /ˈɹaɪ.ət/ /ˈɹaɪ.ɪt/ riots n
émeute
A tumultuous disturbance of the public peace by a large group of people, often involving violence or damage to property.

riot police n
police antiémeute
A unit of the police specifically trained to deal with rioting crowds. They use special equipment for personal defense as well as for crowd control and dispersal.

rioter /ˈɹaɪətə/ /ˈɹaɪətɚ/ rioters n
émeutier émeutière
One who riots; part of the unruly violent crowd causing a riot.

rip /ɹɪp/ v
déchirer
(intransitive) To tear apart; to rapidly become two parts.
ripper
(archaic) To tear up for search or disclosure, or for alteration; to search to the bottom; to discover; to disclose; usually with up.

rip off v
arracher
(literal) To pull off by ripping.
escroquer arnaquer
(transitive, slang) To cheat or swindle, especially by charging an exorbitant or unfair fee.

rip-off rip-offs n
arnaque
(countable) A bad deal; an unfair or exorbitant price or rate.

riparian /ɹɪˈpɛːɹɪən/ /ɹʌɪˈpɛːɹɪən/ more riparian most riparian adj
rivulaire
Of or relating to the bank of a river or stream.

ripe /ɹaɪp/ riper ripest adj
mûr mûre
(of fruits, vegetables, seeds etc.) Ready for reaping or gathering; having attained perfection; mature
(archaic) Maturated or suppurated; ready to discharge (said of sores, tumors, etc.)
Ready for action or effect; prepared.
mûr arrivé à maturité fait
(of foods) Advanced to the state of fitness for use; mellow
accompli accomplie
(figuratively) Having attained its full development; mature; perfected

ripen /ˈɹaɪpən/ v
mûrir faire mûrir
(transitive) To cause (something) to mature; to make ripe
mûrir amener à maturité arriver à maturité faire mûrir
(transitive) To mature; to fit or prepare; to bring to perfection

ripening ripenings n
maturité
The process of becoming ripe.

ripost riposts n
riposte

riposte /ɹɪˈpoʊst/ /ɹɪˈpəʊst/ ripostes n
riposte

ripped /ɹɪpt/ more ripped most ripped adj
déchiré
Torn, either partly or into separate pieces.
sec
(bodybuilding) Having extremely low bodyfat content so that the shape of the underlying muscles become pronounced. Said especially of well-defined abdominal muscles.

ripper /ˈɹɪpə/ /ˈɹɪpɚ/ rippers n
ripeur
Someone who rips something.
éventreur
A murderer who kills and often mutilates victims with a blade or similar sharp weapon.

ripple /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/ ripples n
ondulation
A moving disturbance, or undulation, in the surface of a fluid.
drège
(textiles) An implement, with teeth like those of a comb, for removing the seeds and seed vessels from flax, broom corn, etc.
ondulation résiduelle
(electronics) A small oscillation of an otherwise steady signal.

ripple /ˈɹɪp(ə)l/ v
onduler
(intransitive) To move like the undulating surface of a body of water; to undulate.

rise /ɹaɪs/ /ɹaɪz/ rises n
montée
The process of or an action or instance of moving upwards or becoming greater.

rise /ɹaɪs/ /ɹaɪz/ v
monter
(intransitive) To move, or appear to move, physically upwards relative to the ground.
se lever monter
(of a celestial body) To appear to move upwards from behind the horizon of a planet as a result of the planet's rotation.
prendre sa source
To become agitated, opposed, or hostile; to go to war; to take up arms; to rebel.
ressusciter
To come to mind; to be suggested; to occur.

rise from the ashes v
renaître de ses cendres
To make a comeback after a disaster that almost led to a tragic end; to make a comeback after a long hiatus; to come back into common use or practice, or back into popularity.

rise from the dead v
ressusciter d'entre les morts
To become alive (or undead) after having died.

rise through the ranks v
monter en grade prendre du galon sortir du rang

rise to the occasion v
se montrer à la hauteur
(idiomatic) To show resolve or effectiveness in dealing with a difficulty.

riser /ˈɹaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ risers n
praticable élévateur
A platform or stand used to lift or elevate something.
contre-marche contremarche
(carpentry) A vertical part of a step on a staircase.
gaine gaine technique
A vertical utility conduit, pipe or path between floors of a building for placement of cables (e.g. telephone, networking), or to convey fluids (e.g. gas, water).

rishi rishis n
rishi
(post-Vedic) A Hindu sage or saint occupying the same position in India history as the patriarchs of other countries, constituting a peculiar class of beings in the early mythical system, as distinct from Asuras, Devas and mortal men.

rising star rising stars n
étoile montante
An emerging talent.

risk /ɹɪsk/ risks n
risque
(uncountable) The probability of a negative outcome to a decision or event.
(uncountable, economics, business, and, engineering) The potential negative effect of an event, determined by multiplying the likelihood of the event occurring with its magnitude should it occur.
(countable) A possible adverse event or outcome.

risk assessment risk assessments n
évaluation des risques évaluation du risque
The overall process of identifying all the risks to and from an activity and assessing the potential impact of each risk.

risk management n
gestion des risques gestion du risque
The process of determining the maximum acceptable level of overall risk to and from a proposed activity, then using risk assessment techniques to determine the initial level of risk and, if this is excessive, developing a strategy to ameliorate appropriate individual risks until the overall level of risk is reduced to an acceptable level.

risk one's neck v
risquer sa peau

risk premium risk premiums n
prime de risque

risk profile risk profiles n
profil de risque

risk-taking more risk-taking most risk-taking adj
risqueur
Prone to engaging in risky behaviour or unafraid to do things with uncertain outcomes.

risk-taking n
prise de risque

risktaker risktakers n
risqueur
A person who takes risk, especially to reap the benefits if the feared event does not happen.

risky /ˈɹɪski/ riskier riskiest adj
risqué
Dangerous, involving risks.

risotto /ɹɪˈzoʊtoʊ/ /ɹɪˈzɒtəʊ/ risotti risottos n
risotto
An Italian savoury dish made with rice and other ingredients.
A similar dish made without rice.

risqué /ɹɪsˈkeɪ/ more risqué most risqué adj
osé risqué
Suggestive of sexual impropriety; bordering on the indelicate.

rissole rissoles n
rissole
A ball of meat, some variants covered in pastry, which has been fried or barbecued.

rite /ɹaɪt/ rites n
rite
A religious custom.
(by extension) A prescribed behavior.

rite of passage rites of passage n
rite de passage
(anthropology) A ceremony or series of ceremonies, often very ritualized, to celebrate a transition in a person’s life. Baptisms, bar mitzvahs, weddings and funerals are among the best known examples.

ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ more ritual most ritual adj
rituel
Related to a rite or repeated set of actions.

ritual /ˈɹɪt͡ʃ.u.əl/ rituals n
rituel
A rite; a repeated set of actions, especially in religious contexts.

ritualistic /ˌɹɪt͡ʃuəˈlɪstɪk/ more ritualistic most ritualistic adj
ritualiste
In the manner of a ritual.

ritually /ˈɹɪt͡ʃu.əli/ more ritually most ritually adv
rituellement
In a ritual manner.

rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/ rivals n
rival rivale
A competitor (person, team, company, etc.) with the same goal as another, or striving to attain the same thing. Defeating a rival may be a primary or necessary goal of a competitor.

rival /ˈɹaɪvəl/ v
rivaliser
(transitive) To oppose or compete with.
To be equal to, or match, or to surpass another.

rivalry /ˈɹaɪ.vəl.ɹi/ rivalries n
rivalité
Any competition between two or more things or factors.

river /ˈɹɪvə/ /ˈɹɪvɚ/ rivers n
rivière fleuve
A large and often winding stream which drains a land mass, carrying water down from higher areas to a lower point, oftentimes ending in another body of water, such as an ocean or in an inland sea.
torrent fleuve
Any large flow of a liquid in a single body.
lézarde
(typography) A visually undesirable effect of white space running down a page, caused by spaces between words on consecutive lines happening to coincide.

river god /ˈɹɪvə ˌɡɒd/ river gods n
dieu-fleuve
(mythology) The tutelary deity of a river.

river warbler river warblers n
locustelle fluviatile
Locustella fluviatilis, an Old World warbler.

riverbank riverbanks n
berge rive
A sloped side of a river acting as a barrier between the water and level ground to either side.

riverbed /ˈɹɪv.əˌbed/ /ˈɹɪv.əˌbɛd/ /ˈɹɪv.ɚˌbɛd/ [ˈɹɪv.ɚˌbeː] riverbeds n
lit de rivière
(hydrology) The path where a river runs, or where a river once ran; the bottom earthen part of a river, not including the riverbanks.

riverboat riverboats n
bateau fluvial bateau-mouche
A watercraft designed for operating on rivers.

riverboatman riverboatmen n
batelier
Someone who pilots a riverboat

riverine /ˈɹɪvəɹaɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.aɪn/ /ˈɹɪvɚ.ɪn/ more riverine most riverine adj
fluvial
Of or pertaining to rivers, or located on or by a river; inhabiting a river or its surrounds.

riverside riversides n
berge rive
A bank or side of a river.

rivet /ˈɹɪvət/ rivets n
rivet
A cylindrical mechanical fastener that attaches multiple parts together by fitting through a hole and deforming the head(s) at either end.

rivet /ˈɹɪvət/ v
riveter
(transitive) To attach or fasten parts by using rivets. [from early 15th c.]

riveter riveters n
riveteur
A person whose job is to rivet.
pince à riveter
A machine or tool used to apply rivets.

riveting more riveting most riveting adj
fascinant
Commanding the attention of spectators.

rivulet /ˈɹɪv.jə.lət/ rivulets n
rivelet ru ruisselet
A small brook or stream; a streamlet; a gill.

roach /ɹoʊt͡ʃ/ /ɹəʊtʃ/ roaches n
gardon
A common roach (Rutilus rutilus)
cul cul de joint
(US, slang, smoking) The butt of a marijuana cigarette.

road /rod/ /ɹoʊd/ /ɹəʊd/ roads n
route chemin
A way used for travelling between places, originally one wide enough to allow foot passengers and horses to travel, now (US) usually one surfaced with asphalt or concrete and designed to accommodate many vehicles travelling in both directions. In the UK both senses are heard: a country road is the same as a country lane. [from 16th c.]
(figuratively) A path chosen, as in life or career. [from 17th c.]
(US, railroads) A railway or (UK, railroads) a single railway track. [from 19th c.]
(nautical, often, in the plural) A partly sheltered area of water near a shore in which vessels may ride at anchor; a roadstead. [from 14th c.]

road accident road accidents n
accident de la route
A collision on a road, typically involving one or more motor vehicles, but also including cyclists and pedestrians knocked down by vehicles.

road hog road hogs n
chauffard
A bad or inconsiderate driver of a motor vehicle.

road map road maps n
carte routière
A map with a visual representation of roads used for automobile travel and navigation. A road map may contain other relevant data, such as terrain or railway lines.
feuille de route roadmap
(figuratively) A plan of action, laying out the future actions of participants.

road rage n
rage au volant rage routière
(automotive, law, psychology) Uncontrollable aggressive behaviour by the driver of a road vehicle, especially when caused by stress or frustration.

road roller road rollers n
rouleau compresseur
A heavy engineering vehicle used to compact asphalt in the construction of roads.

road sign road signs n
panneau de signalisation
A sign for the control of traffic or the information of drivers.

road to Damascus roads to Damascus n
chemin de Damas
(idiomatic, often, attributive) An important point in someone's life where a great change, or reversal, of ideas or beliefs occurs.

road trip road trips n
balade en voiture escapade routière virée en voiture voyage en voiture
A recreational or impromptu excursion in a car, usually at long distances from one's home.

road user road users n
usager de la route
Any person that makes use of a road, such as a driver, cyclist, motorcyclist, moped rider, pedestrian or horserider.

roadbase roadbases n
grave
The layer of aggregates under the paved layer of a road.

roadblock roadblocks n
barrage routier
Something that blocks or obstructs a road.

roadholding n
tenue de route

roadhouse /ˈɹoʊdˌhaʊs/ /ˈɹəʊdˌhaʊs/ roadhouses n
restauroute restoroute
(chiefly, US) An inn or similar establishment situated beside a road beyond the jurisdiction of a town or city.

roadrunner /ˈɹoʊdˌɹʌnɚ/ /ˈɹəʊdˌɹʌnə/ roadrunners n
géocoucou
Either of two species of fast-running bird in the genus Geococcyx of the cuckoo family native to North and Central America, the lesser roadrunner (Geococcyx velox) and, especially, the greater roadrunner (Geococcyx californianus).

roadside bomb roadside bombs n
engin explosif improvisé
An explosive device placed at the side of a road and detonated when the target passes.

roadside hawk roadside hawks n
buse à gros bec
Buteo magnirostris, a relatively small bird of prey found in Latin America

roadstead /ˈɹoʊdˌstɛd/ /ˈɹəʊdstɛd/ roadsteads n
rade
(nautical) A partly sheltered anchorage; a stretch of water near the shore where vessels may ride at anchor, but with less protection than a harbour. [from early 18th c.]

roadway roadways n
chaussée
The main or central portion of a road, used by the vehicles.

roadwork roadworks n
travaux travaux publics travaux sur la route
The construction or maintenance done to roads.

roadworthy more roadworthy most roadworthy adj
en bon état de marche
Being able to be driven, or suitable for driving, on the open road.

roam /ɹoʊm/ /ɹəʊm/ v
errer
(intransitive) To wander or travel freely and with no specific destination.

roaming /ˈɹoʊmɪŋ/ /ˈɹəʊmɪŋ/ roamings n
itinérance roaming
(uncountable, telecommunications) The ability to use a cell phone outside of its original registering zone.
vagabondage
(uncountable, computing, operating system) Using the OS service of manipulating folders and documents from different PC devices by a registered user.

roan antelope roan antelopes n
antilope cheval
A savanna antelope, Hippotragus equinus, found in West, Central, East Africa and Southern Africa.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ roars n
vrombissement
A long, loud, deep shout, as of rage or laughter, made with the mouth wide open.
A loud resounding noise.
rugissement
The cry of the lion.

roar /ɹo(ː)ɹ/ /ɹoə/ /ɹɔɹ/ /ɹɔː/ v
rugir hurler
(intransitive) To make a loud, deep cry, especially from pain, anger, or other strong emotion.
Of animals (especially a lion), to make a loud deep noise.
rire aux éclats rire comme une baleine rire à gorge déployée s'esclaffer éclater de rire
To laugh in a particularly loud manner.
rugir
Generally, of inanimate objects etc., to make a loud resounding noise.
To make a loud noise in breathing, as horses do when they have a certain disease.

roaring forties n
quarantièmes rugissants
(geography, meteorology) The area of the earth between 40 and 50 degrees south, prone to gale-force westerly winds.

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ adj
rôti
Having been cooked by roasting.

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ roasts n
rôti
A cut of meat suited to roasting; meat that has been roasted.
bien-cuit
A comical event, originally fraternal, where a person is subjected to verbal attack, yet may be praised by sarcasm and jokes.
(North America) A social event at which food is roasted and eaten. [from 19th century]

roast /ɹoʊst/ /ɹəʊst/ v
rôtir
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To cook food by heating in an oven or over a fire without covering, resulting in a crisp, possibly even slightly charred appearance.
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To process by drying through exposure to sun or artificial heat.
clasher incendier
(transitive, figuratively) To subject to bantering, severely criticize, sometimes as a comedy routine.

roast beef roast beefs n
rosbif roastbeef
Beef cooked by roasting.

roast pork roast porks n
rôti de porc
Pork cooked by roasting.

roasted /ˈɹoʊstɪd/ more roasted most roasted adj
rôti grillé
Cooked by roasting.

roasting jack roasting jacks n
tournebroche

rob /ɹɑb/ /ɹɒb/ /ɹɔb/ v
voler cambrioler
(transitive) To steal from, especially using force or violence.
voler
(transitive) To deprive of, or withhold from, unjustly or injuriously; to defraud.
cambrioler dévaliser
(intransitive) To commit robbery.

rob Peter to pay Paul v
déshabiller Pierre pour habiller Paul
(idiomatic) To use resources that legitimately belong to or are needed by one party in order to satisfy a legitimate need of another party, especially within the same organization or group; to solve a problem in a way that makes another problem worse, producing no net gain.

robber /ˈɹɑ.bɚ/ /ˈɹɒb.ə(ɹ)/ robbers n
brigand bandit
A person who robs.
An animal who robs.

robbery /ˈɹɑbəɹi/ /ˈɹɒbəɹi/ /ˈɹɒbɹi/ robberies n
brigandage vol à main armée
The act or practice of robbing.
braquage banditisme
(legal) The offense of taking or attempting to take the property of another by force or threat of force.

robe /ɹoʊb/ /ɹəʊb/ robes n
robe
A long loose outer garment, often signifying honorary stature.

robin /ˈɹɑː.bɪn/ /ˈɹɒ.bɪn/ robins n
merle rubiette
grive
Any of various passerine birds (about 100 species) of the families Muscicapidae, Turdidae and Petroicidae (formerly Eopsaltriidae), typically with a red breast.
merle d'Amérique
An American robin, Turdus migratorius.
rouge-gorge rouge-gorge familier
A European robin, Erithacus rubecula.

robinsonade /ˌɹɑbɪnsəˈneɪd/ /ˌɹɒbɪnsəˈneɪd/ robinsonades n
robinsonnade
A genre of adventure fiction where a hero is stranded alone on a desert island and has to survive with his own wits.

robot /ˈɹoʊ.bɑt/ /ˈɹoʊ.bət/ /ˈɹəʊ.bɒt/ robots n
robot
(chiefly, science fiction) An intelligent mechanical being designed to look like a human or other creature, and usually made from metal. [from 20th c.]
A machine built to carry out some complex task or group of tasks by physically moving, especially one which can be programmed. [from 20th c.]
(figuratively) A person who does not seem to have any emotions. [from 20th c.]

robotic /ɹoʊˈbɑt.ɪk/ /ɹəʊˈbɒt.ɪk/ /ɹəˈbɒt.ɪk/ [ɹoʊˈbɑɾɪk] more robotic most robotic adj
robotique
Of, relating to, or resembling a robot; mechanical, lacking emotion or personality, etc.

robotization robotizations n
robotisation
The automation of a system or process by use of robotic devices. [from 20th c.]

robotize v
robotiser
(transitive) To automate, especially by making use of robots.

robust /ɹoʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəʊˈbʌst/ /ɹəˈbʌst/ more robust most robust robuster robustest adj
robuste
Evincing strength and health; strong; (often, especially) both large and healthy#Adjective.

robustly more robustly most robustly adv
robustement
In a robust manner.

robustness robustnesses n
robustesse
The quality of being robust.

rocambolesque more rocambolesque most rocambolesque adj
rocambolesque
Fantastic, incredible, fabulous.

roche moutonnée /ɹɒʃ muːˈtɒneɪ/ roches moutonnées n
roche moutonnée
(geography, glaciology) A rock formation created by glacial erosion.

rock /ɹɑk/ /ɹɒk/ /ɹɔk/ rocks n
caillou diam
(slang) A precious stone or gem, especially a diamond.
roche roc pierre
(uncountable) The naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.
rocher roc
(chiefly British) A boulder or large stone; or (US, Canada) a smaller stone; a pebble.
rocher roche
A mass of stone projecting out of the ground or water.
secousse
An act of rocking; a rocking motion; a sway.
rock
A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, and vocals.
sucre d'orge
(British, uncountable) A type of confectionery made from sugar in the shape of a stick, traditionally having some text running through its length.
pierre
(rock paper scissors) A closed hand (a handshape resembling a rock), that beats scissors and loses to paper. It beats lizard and loses to Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.

rock /ɹɑk/ /ɹɒk/ /ɹɔk/ v
bercer remuer
(transitive, and, intransitive) To move gently back and forth.
faire tanguer secouer
(transitive) To cause to shake or sway violently.
déchirer assurer gérer
(intransitive, slang) To be very favourable or skilful; excel; be fantastic.
bouleverser
(transitive) To disturb the emotional equilibrium of; to distress; to greatly impact (most often positively).

rock and roll /ˈɹɑk ən(d) ˈɹoʊl/ /ˈɹɒk ən(d) ˈɹəʊl/ n
rock 'n' roll rock and roll
(dance) A style of vigorous dancing associated with this genre of music.

rock bunting rock buntings n
bruant fou
Emberiza cia, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

rock climbing n
escalade
The sport of scaling rock faces, either with or without ropes and other equipment.

rock crystal rock crystals n
cristal de roche
clear, colourless form of the silica-based mineral quartz, often called "pure quartz" or "clear quartz".

rock dove /ɹɒk dʌv/ rock doves n
pigeon biset biset pigeon de roche
The dove/pigeon species Columba livia.

rock group rock groups n
groupe de rock
A group of musicians who regularly perform rock music together.

rock hyrax rock hyraces rock hyraxes n
daman des rochers
A guinea pig-like, but larger, animal (Procavia capensis), native to much of Africa, the Middle East and the Arabian peninsula.

rock music n
rock musique rock
(music) A broad genre of popular music, including especially those styles ultimately derived from rock and roll, employing electrical amplification, heavy use of guitars, 4/4 time with strong percussive rhythm on beats two and four (backbeat), and usually themes of bold wildness, rebellion, and sexuality.

rock paper scissors n
chifoumi pierre-feuille-ciseaux
(hand game) A popular children's game using three hand signs representing rock, paper and scissors, frequently used as a tiebreaker.

rock pigeon rock pigeons n
Pigeon roussard pigeon roussard
(Africa) The speckled pigeon, Columba guinea, or African rock pigeon.
Colombine rufipenne colombine rufipenne
(Australia) The chestnut-quilled rock pigeon, Petrophassa rufipennis.
Colombine des rochers colombine des rochers
(Australia) The white-quilled rock pigeon, Petrophassa albipennis.

rock pipit rock pipits n
pipit maritime
A stocky bird, of species Anthus petrosus, somewhat smaller than a starling, that breeds on rocky beaches and winters on coastal salt marshes.

rock ptarmigan rock ptarmigans n
lagopède alpin lagopède des rochers perdrix des neiges
A medium-sized gamebird in the grouse family, Lagopus muta.

rock samphire rock samphires pn
bacile criste marine fenouil marin passe-pierre
Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel), native to temperate seacoasts of Europe.

rock the boat v
faire des vagues
(idiomatic) To disturb the status quo or go against rules or conventions, as in an effort to get attention.

rocker /ˈɹɑ.kɚ/ /ˈɹɒk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹɔk.ə(ɹ)/ rockers n
rockeur rockeuse
A musician who plays rock music.

rockery /ˈɹɑk.ɚ.i/ /ˈɹɒk.ə.ɹi/ rockeries n
rocaille
A section of a garden made from decorative rocks and alpine plants.

rocket /ˈɹɑ.kət/ /ˈɹɑk.ɪt/ /ˈɹɒk.ɪt/ rockets n
fusée
An engine operating similarly to the pyrotechnic, generating thrust by the expulsion of hot gases; a rocket engine. [from 20th c.]
fusée roquette pétard
A long vehicle or craft propelled by a rocket engine; a missile or rocket-propelled spacecraft. [from 20th c.]

rocket launcher rocket launchers n
lance-roquettes
A hand-held tube-like device for launching a rocket-propelled explosive device (a missile).

rocket scientist /ˌɹɑkət ˈsaɪəntəst/ /ˌɹɒkɪt ˈsaɪəntɪst/ rocket scientists n
Einstein avoir fait Polytechnique grand clerc polytechnicien tête
(hyperbolic, chiefly in the negative) One qualified to handle or understand things which are very complex or confusing; a very intelligent person.

rockfish /ˈɹɑk.fɪʃ/ /ˈɹɒk.fɪʃ/ rockfish rockfishes n
sébaste
Salvelinus, a genus of fish in the salmon family

rockfowl rockfowls n
picatharte
Either of two bird species of genus Picathartes in the passerine family Picathartidae endemic to sub-Saharan Africa.

rockhopper penguin rockhopper penguins n
gorfou sauteur
Any of three closely related crested penguins, in genus Eudyptes.

rocking /ˈɹɑkɪŋ/ /ˈɹɒkɪŋ/ more rocking most rocking adj
génial super
(informal) Excellent; great.

rocking /ˈɹɑkɪŋ/ /ˈɹɒkɪŋ/ v
rockant
rock music

rocking chair rocking chairs n
fauteuil à bascule chaise à bascule berçante rocking chair
A chair with a curved base which can be gently rocked (swung) back and forth.

rocking horse rocking horses n
cheval à bascule
a child’s toy consisting of a (usually wooden) horse mounted on a rocker or swing

rockstar rockstars n
rockstar
A member of a rock band, or a solo artist in the genre, especially one with celebrity status.

rocky /ˈɹɑki/ /ˈɹɒki/ /ˈɹɔki/ [ˈɹʷɑki] [ˈɹʷɒki] [ˈɹʷɔki] more rocky most rocky rockier rockiest adj
rocheux
Abounding in, or full of, rocks; consisting of rocks.

rocky road rocky roads n
rocky road route rocheuse
Any of several forms of candy containing lumps of chocolate, marshmallows and nuts.
A variety of chocolate ice cream with marshmallows and almonds.
(figurative) A rough time, course etc.

rod /ɹɑd/ /ɹɒd/ rods n
tige
A straight, round stick, shaft, bar, cane, or staff.
verges
A stick, pole, or bundle of switches or twigs (such as a birch), used for personal defense or to administer corporal punishment by whipping.
canne à pêche
An implement held vertically and viewed through an optical surveying instrument such as a transit, used to measure distance in land surveying and construction layout; an engineer's rod, surveyor's rod, surveying rod, leveling rod, ranging rod. The modern (US) engineer's or surveyor's rod commonly is eight or ten feet long and often designed to extend higher. In former times a surveyor's rod often was a single wooden pole or composed of multiple sectioned and socketed pieces, and besides serving as a sighting target was used to measure distance on the ground horizontally, hence for convenience was of one rod or pole in length, that is, 5+1⁄2 yards.
verge
(archaic) A unit of area equal to a square rod, 30+1⁄4 square yards or 1⁄160 acre.
bite paf pine queue vit zob
(slang, vulgar) The penis.

rod cell rod cells n
bâtonnet
(anatomy) Any of the cylindrical photoreceptor cells in the retina that function in dim light levels.

rodent /ˈɹəʊdənt/ rodents n
rongeur
A mammal of the order Rodentia, characterized by long incisors that grow continuously and are worn down by gnawing.

rodeo /ˈɹoʊ.di.oʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ.di.əʊ/ rodeos n
rodéo
(sports) A North American sport involving skills with horses, cows and other livestock.

rodomontade /ˌɹɑ.də.mənˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɑ.də.mənˈtɑd/ /ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɑ.dəˌmɑnˈtɑd/ /ˌɹɒ.də.mɒnˈteɪd/ /ˌɹɒ.də.mɒnˈtɑːd/ rodomontades n
rodomontade
Vain boasting; a rant; pretentious behaviour.

roe /ˈɹoʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ/ roes n
œufs de poisson frai
The eggs of fish.

roe deer /ˈɹoʊˌdɪɹ/ /ˈɹəʊˌdɪə/ roe deer n
chevreuil
A small, nimble Eurasian deer with no visible tail, a white rump patch, and a reddish summer coat that turns grey in winter, the male having short three-pointed antlers (Capreolus capreolus and Capreolus pygargus).

roebuck /ˈɹəʊ.bʌk/ roebucks n
cerf
A male roe deer.

roentgenium /ɹɛntˈɡɛniəm/ /ɹʌntˈɡɛniəm/ n
roentgenium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rg) with atomic number 111.

roger /ˈɹɑd͡ʒɚ/ /ˈɹɒd͡ʒə/ interjection
bien reçu cinq sur cinq comprendre
(radio telecommunications) Received (used in radio communications to acknowledge that a message has been received and understood)

rogue /ˈɹoʊ̯ɡ/ /ˈɹəʊ̯ɡ/ more rogue most rogue adj
incontrôlable
(by extension) Large, destructive and unpredictable.
sans scrupules
(by extension) Deceitful, unprincipled.

rogue /ˈɹoʊ̯ɡ/ /ˈɹəʊ̯ɡ/ rogues n
canaille coquin fripouille voyou
A scoundrel, rascal or unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person.
garnement
A mischievous scamp.
clochard vagabond
A vagrant.

rogue state rogue states n
État voyou
A state or nation acting outside of the accepted international norms and policies.

rogue wave rogue waves n
vague scélérate
(nautical, surfing) An unexpected, dangerously large wave.

roguery rogueries n
friponnerie
mischievous behaviour

roil /ɹɔɪl/ v
troubler
(transitive, of a fluid, especially a liquid) To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or sediment of.
fâcher irriter énerver
(transitive, of a person or group of people) To annoy; to make angry; to throw into discord.

role /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹʷoʊɫ] [ɹʷɒʊɫ] roles n
rôle
A character or part played by a performer or actor.
The expected behaviour of an individual in a society.
The function or position of something.
fonction rôle
(grammar) The function of a word in a phrase.

role model role models n
exemple modèle
A person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others.

role reversal role reversals n
inversion des rôles

role-playing role-playings n
jeu de rôle
Action in which a person takes on a role (as that of an actor) and acts out being that character.

roleplay /ˈrol.pleɪ/ /ˈrəʊl.pleɪ/ v
rôler
(transitive) To act as a character as part of a fantasy, especially with a group.

roleplaying game roleplaying games n
jeu de rôle
(games) A type of game where one or more players assume the roles of characters (usually one each) to interact with a fictional world either defined by themselves or through the moderation of a neutral judge (usually referred to as the game master).

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] rolls n
roulement
The act or result of rolling, or state of being rolled.
The uniform beating of a drum with strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear.
rouleau
That which is rolled up.
A document written on a piece of parchment, paper, or other materials which may be rolled up; a scroll.
A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form.
A heavy cylinder used to break clods.
One of a set of revolving cylinders, or rollers, between which metal is pressed, formed, or smoothed, as in a rolling mill.
registre rôle
An official or public document; a register; a record.
grondement roulement
A heavy, reverberatory sound.
roulis
(nautical, aviation) The oscillating movement of a nautical vessel as it rotates from side to side, about its fore-and-aft axis, causing its sides to go up and down, as distinguished from the alternate rise and fall of bow and stern called pitching; or the equivalent in an aircraft.
rouleau rôle
(obsolete) A part; an office; a duty; a role.
gîte
The rotation angle about the longitudinal axis.

roll /ɹol/ /ɹoʊl/ /ɹɐʉl/ /ɹəʊl/ [ɹ̠ʷoɫ] [ɹ̠ʷɒʊɫ] v
rouler enrouler faire rouler gronder
(transitive) To cause to revolve by turning over and over; to move by turning on an axis; to impel forward by causing to turn over and over on a supporting surface.
rouler
(transitive) To wrap (something) round on itself; to form into a spherical or cylindrical body by causing to turn over and over.
(ergative) To drive or impel forward with an easy motion, as of rolling.
(ergative) To utter copiously, especially with sounding words; to utter with a deep sound; — often with forth, or out.
(ergative) To move, or cause to be moved, upon, or by means of, rollers or small wheels.
enrouler
(transitive) To bind or involve by winding, as in a bandage; to enwrap; often with up.
aplatir laminer niveler rouler
(transitive) To press or level with a roller; to spread or form with a roll, roller, or rollers.
faire rouler
(geometry) To apply (one line or surface) to another without slipping; to bring all the parts of (one line or surface) into successive contact with another, in such a manner that at every instant the parts that have been in contact are equal.

roll cage roll cages n
arceau de sécurité
(automotive) A frame built in or around the driver and passenger compartment of a vehicle to protect its occupants from being injured in an accident, particularly if the vehicle rolls over.

roll call roll calls n
appel appel nominal
The reading aloud of a list of names, and subsequent responses, in order to determine who is present or absent.
(by extension) The subset of those members of a specific group who are present or available out of the full set of all the members of said group.

roll on interjection
vivement
Used to express anticipation

roll one's eyes v
lever les yeux au ciel
(idiomatic) To deliberately turn one's eyes upwards, usually to indicate disapproval, indifference or frustration.

roll out v
déployer sortir
(transitive, intransitive) To deploy or release (a new film or software, etc.); to launch (a product or service), especially in a gradual fashion across multiple regions.

roll out the red carpet v
dérouler le tapis rouge
(idiomatic) To extend the utmost hospitality; to treat someone as an honored guest; to welcome or host, especially in a showy or extravagant manner.

roll up one's sleeves v
retrousser ses manches
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see roll,‎ up,‎ one's,‎ sleeves.
(idiomatic) To prepare to work.

rollback rollbacks n
retrait
A withdrawal of military forces.
rollback
(databases) An operation which returns a database, or group of records in a database, to a previous state (normally to the previous commit point).

rolled fillet rolled fillets n
paupiette de viande
Chopped veal rolled in a piece of bacon.

rolled into one phraseologicalUnit
tout à la fois

roller /ˈɹoʊlɚ/ /ˈɹəʊlə/ rollers n
rouleau
A cylindrical tool for applying paint or ink.
rollier
Any of various aggressive birds, of the family Coraciidae, having bright blue wings and hooked beaks.

roller derby roller derbies n
roller derby roller-catch
A sport based on teams of rollerskaters who race round a track, jamming and blocking each other.

roller shutter roller shutters n
volet roulant
A shutter (for a window or door) consisting of a series of horizontal sections that are hinged together and attached to a roller at the top.

roller skate roller skates n
patin à roulettes
A boot having small wheels or casters attached to its sole; used for roller skating.

roller skating n
patinage à roulettes
Skating on roller skates.

roller sport roller sports n
roller sport

roller towel roller towels n
touaille
A continuous loop of towelling attached to a roller.

rollerblade rollerblades n
patin en ligne roller
A roller skate with all wheels aligned in a single row along the sole, resembling an ice skate.

rollercoaster /ˈɹoʊlɚˌkoʊstɚ/ rollercoasters n
montagnes russes
An amusement ride consisting of a buggy on a track that rises, falls, twists and turns.

rolling paper rolling papers n
papier à rouler
(chiefly, US) A small sheet of paper used for rolling (tobacco) cigarettes, joints (marijuana cigarettes), and the like.

rolling pin rolling pins n
rouleau à pâtisserie rouleau
a food preparation utensil consisting of a cylinder with a handle at each end, used to flatten dough

rolling stone rolling stones n
bourlingueur clochard clocharde
(idiomatic) A person who moves around a lot and never settles down; a vagrant.

rolling stop rolling stops n
arrêt Idaho stop américain

rollmop rollmops n
rollmops
A fillet of herring, rolled and flavoured with sliced onion and spices then pickled in brine

rollup rollups n
roulée
A self-made cigarette of tobacco and rolling paper.

roly-poly /ˈɹoʊliˈpoʊli/ /ˌɹəʊlɪˈpəʊli/ roly-polies roly-polys n
culbuto poussah ramponeau ramponneau
A toy that rights itself when pushed over.

romaji /-mɑː-/ /ˈɹəʊ.mə.d͡ʒiː/ romajis n
romaji
A representation of Japanese in Latin script.

romance /ɹoʊˈmæns/ /ɹəˈmæns/ /ˈɹoʊˌmæns/ /ˈɹəʊˌmæns/ romances n
romance idylle
An intimate relationship between two people; a love affair.
romance amour romantique idylle
A story or novel dealing with idealized love.
romance
(music) A romanza, or sentimental ballad.

romanize v
latiniser romaniser
(transitive) To put letters or words written in another writing system into the Latin (Roman) alphabet.

romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ /ɹə-/ /ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/ [-meə̯ntɪk] [-meə̯ɾ̃ɪk] [-mæɾ̃ɪk] [ɹoʊˈmæntɪk] [ɹə-] more romantic most romantic adj
romantique
Fantastic, unrealistic (of an idea etc.); fanciful, sentimental, impractical (of a person). [from 17th c.]
Having the qualities of romance (in the sense of something appealing deeply to the imagination); invoking on a powerfully sentimental idea of life; evocative, atmospheric. [from 17th c.]
Pertaining to an idealised form of love (originally, as might be felt by the heroes of a romance); conducive to romance; loving, affectionate. [from 18th c.]

romantic /ɹoʊˈmæn(t)ɪk/ /ɹə-/ /ɹəʊˈmæntɪk/ [-meə̯ntɪk] [-meə̯ɾ̃ɪk] [-mæɾ̃ɪk] [ɹoʊˈmæntɪk] [ɹə-] romantics n
romantique
A person with romantic character (a character like those of the knights in a mythic romance).
A person who is behaving romantically (in a manner befitting someone who feels an idealized form of love).

romantic comedy romantic comedies n
comédie romantique
(uncountable) A genre of fiction, especially film, that presents love stories in a humorous and light-hearted way.

romanticism /ɹəʊˈmæntɪsɪzəm/ romanticisms n
romantisme romanesque
A romantic quality, spirit or action.

romanticize v
romantiser
(transitive) To interpret, view, or portray something in a romantic (unrealistic, idealized) manner.

romanticized more romanticized most romanticized adj
idéalisé
Interpreted in an unrealistic, idealized fashion.

romp /ɹɑmp/ /ɹɒmp/ v
s'ébattre
(intransitive) To play about roughly, energetically or boisterously.

rond de jambe /ɹɔn də ˈʒɑmb/ ronds de jambe n
rond de jambe
(ballet) The movement of a leg in a semicircular motion, either on the ground (par terre) or in the air (en l'air).

rondel rondels n
dague à rouelles
(historical) A long thin medieval dagger with a circular guard and a circular pommel (hence the name).

rondo /ˈɹɒn.dəʊ/ rondos n
rondo
(soccer) A game resembling keep-away, used to train soccer players: one group is tasked with completing a number of passes while the other smaller group tries to take possession of the ball.

ronin ronin ronins n
ronin
A masterless samurai (who often becomes a mercenary to make ends meet).

rood /ɹuːd/ roods n
vergée
A measure of land area, equal to a quarter of an acre.

rood screen /ˈɹud ˌskɹin/ /ˈɹuːd skɹiːn/ rood screens n
jubé
(architecture, Christianity) A carved screen that separated the chancel and nave in a medieval church; it originally carried a large crucifix; an altar screen.

roof /ɹuf/ /ɹuːf/ /ɹʊf/ roofs rooves n
toit
(architecture) The external covering at the top of a building.
The upper part of a cavity.

roof rabbit roof rabbits n
lapin de gouttière

roof tile roof tiles n
tuile
(obsolete) A ridge-tile, a tile for the ridge of a roof.

roofer /ˈɹuːfə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹuːfɚ/ /ˈɹʊfɚ/ roofers n
couvreur
A craftsman who lays, or repairs roofs.

roofie /ˈɹufi/ roofies n
roofie rup
(slang, often, in the plural) Rohypnol.

rook /ɹuːk/ /ɹʊk/ rooks n
corbeau freux freux
A European bird, Corvus frugilegus, of the crow family.
tour
(chess) A piece shaped like a castle tower, that can be moved only up, down, left or right (but not diagonally) or in castling.

rook /ɹuːk/ /ɹʊk/ v
rouler
(transitive) To cheat or swindle.

rookie /ˈɹʊki/ rookies n
bleu
An inexperienced recruit, especially in the police or armed forces.
A novice.

room /ɹum/ /ɹuːm/ /ɹʊm/ rooms n
place espace
(archaic) A particular portion of space. [from 11th c.]
(obsolete) Place; stead.
chambre pièce salle
(countable) A separate part of a building, enclosed by walls, a floor and a ceiling. [from 15th c.]

room for doubt n
place au doute
(idiomatic) Eventuality.

room service n
room service
The provision of food, drink and other refreshments to a guest room.

room temperature room temperatures n
température ambiante
A normal temperature of a room in which people live; typically 20 to 23°C (68 to 73°F); neither heated nor cooled.

rooming house rooming houses n
maison de chambreurs
A building with small, basic, inexpensive apartments for rent, often without en-suite bathrooms.

roommate /ˈɹu(m)ˌmeɪt/ roommates n
camarade de chambre camarade de chambrée colocataire coloc copiaule cothurne
A person with whom one shares a room, as at university, etc.
colocataire coloc
(US, AU, Canada) A person sharing the same home (but generally not a family member or spouse).

roomy /ˈɹuːmi/ /ˈɹʊmi/ roomier roomiest adj
ample grand logeable spacieux
Spacious, expansive, comfortable.

rooster /ˈɹustəɹ/ /ˈɹuːstə/ roosters n
coq
(North America, Kent, Australia, NZ) A male domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) or other gallinaceous bird.

root /ɹuːt/ /ɹʊt/ roots n
racine
The part of a plant, generally underground, that anchors and supports the plant body, absorbs and stores water and nutrients, and in some plants is able to perform vegetative reproduction.
The part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place.
The part of a hair under the skin that holds the hair in place.
(arithmetic) Of a number or expression, a number which, when raised to a specified power, yields the specified number or expression.
(analysis) A zero (of an equation).
(graph theory, computing) The single node of a tree that has no parent.
racine origine
(figurative) The primary source; origin.
racine radical
(linguistic morphology) The primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. Inflectional stems often derive from roots.
racine mot souche
(philology) A word from which another word or words are derived.
root
(computing) In UNIX terminology, the first user account with complete access to the operating system and its configuration, found at the root of the directory structure; the person who manages accounts on a UNIX system.

root /ɹuːt/ /ɹʊt/ v
emmancher fourrer
(Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, vulgar, slang) To sexually penetrate.

root beer /ˈɹut ˌbɪɹ/ root beers n
racinette
A beverage, most often a carbonated soft drink made from a combination of vanilla, cherry tree bark, licorice root, sarsaparilla root, sassafras root bark, nutmeg, anise, and molasses, among other things.

root for v
animer
(transitive, informal) To encourage (a favored person, team, or result).

root hair root hairs n
poil racinaire

root mean square root mean squares n
moyenne quadratique
(mathematics, often, attributive) The square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of a set of numbers or values.

root of unity roots of unity n
racine de l'unité
(number theory) An element of a given field (especially, a complex number) x such that for some positive integer n, xn = 1.

root rot root rots n
pourridié pourriture racinaire
(plant disease) Any of several plant fungal diseases caused by having over-wet roots.

root vegetable root vegetables n
légume-racine
A vegetable whose the edible part is the root, such as the carrot, potato, or onion.

rooting rootings n
enracinement radication
The process of forming roots or taking roots.

rootlet rootlets n
radicelle
One of the smallest roots, hair roots.

roots /ɹuːts/ /ɹʊts/ n
aïeux
Ancestry.
origines sources
Beginnings; origin.

rope /ɹoʊp/ /ɹəʊp/ ropes n
corde
(uncountable) Thick strings, yarn, monofilaments, metal wires, or strands of other cordage that are twisted together to form a stronger line.
corde cordage
(computer science) A data structure resembling a string, using a concatenation tree in which each leaf represents a character.

rope ladder rope ladders n
échelle de corde
A flexible ladder, constructed of rope, often with wooden rungs, suspended from the top.

ropemaker ropemakers n
cordière cordier
A maker of ropes.

roriferous /ɹoʊˈɹɪf.ɚ.əs/ /ɹəʊˈɹɪf.əɹ.əs/ adj
rorifère
Producing or generating dew.

rorqual /ˈɹɔɹkwəl/ /ˈɹɔːkwəl/ rorquals n
rorqual
Any whale of family Balaenopteridae, with longitudinal skin folds running from below the mouth to the navel, allowing the capacity of the mouth to expand greatly when feeding.

rosacea /ɹoʊˈzeɪ.ʃiə/ /ɹoʊˈzeɪ.ʃə/ rosaceas n
couperose
(pathology) A chronic condition characterized by redness of the face.

rosary /ˈɹoʊzəɹi/ rosaries n
rosaire chapelet
Prayer beads, a string of beads used to keep track of repetitions in prayer, particularly in the Roman Catholic Marian prayer "Hail Mary" (Ave Maria)

rose /ɹoʊz/ /ɹəʊz/ [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥] [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥] adj
rose
Having a purplish-red or pink color; rosy.

rose /ɹoʊz/ /ɹəʊz/ [ɹ̠ʷəʊz̥] [ɻʷö̞ʊz̥] roses n
rosier rose
A shrub of the genus Rosa, with red, pink, white or yellow flowers.
rose
A flower of the rose plant.
Something resembling a rose flower.
(countable, uncountable) A purplish-red or pink colour, the colour of some rose flowers.
rosacée rosacées
A plant or species in the rose family. (Rosaceae)
pomme
A round nozzle for a sprinkling can or hose.

rose chafer rose chafers n
cétoine dorée
A metallic-green beetle, Cetonia aurata, with a distinct V-shaped scutellum, found over central and southern Europe.

rose fish rose fish rose fishes n
sébaste atlantique
A large marine food fish, Sebastes norvegicus, that lives off the North Atlantic coasts of Europe and North America.

rose garden rose gardens n
roseraie
(literally) A garden devoted primarily to roses.

rose quartz rose quartzes n
quartz rose
A pinkish to reddish-colored type of quartz.

rose window rose windows n
rosace
Any circular window, especially one of those found in churches of the Gothic architectural style and divided into segments by stone mullions and tracery.

rose-colored glasses n
lunettes roses
(idiomatic) An optimistic perception of something; a positive opinion; seeing something in a positive way, often thinking of it as better than it actually is.

roseate /ˈɹoʊzi.ət/ /ˈɹəʊzɪət/ more roseate most roseate adj
rosâtre
(formal, mostly, zoology) Like the rose flower; pink; rosy.

rosebush rosebushes n
rosier
The shrub that roses grow on; a rose plant.

rosehip /ˈɹoʊzˌhɪp/ /ˈɹəʊzˌhɪp/ rosehips n
cynorhodon gratte-cul fruit d'églantier
The fruit of a rose plant.

roselle /ɹoʊˈzɛl/ /ɹəʊˈzɛl/ roselles n
oseille de Guinée
Hibiscus sabdariffa, an edible flower in the hibiscus family used to make hibiscus tea.

rosemary /ˈɹoʊzˌmɛəɹi/ /ˈɹəʊzməɹi/ rosemaries n
romarin
A shrub, Salvia rosmarinus (formerly Rosmarinus officinalis), that originates from Europe and Asia Minor and produces a fragrant herb used in cooking and perfumes.

rosewater rosewaters n
eau de rose
A liquid produced by steeping rose petals in water, used as a coloring agent and flavoring ingredient in certain foods.

rosin /ˈɹɑz.əm/ /ˈɹɑz.ən/ /ˈɹɒz.ən/ /ˈɹɔz.əm/ rosins n
colophane
(organic chemistry) A solid form of resin, obtained from liquid resin by vaporizing its volatile components.

roster /ˈɹɑ.stɚ/ /ˈɹɒs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tɚ/ rosters n
liste
A list of individuals or groups, usually for an organization of some kind such as military officers and enlisted personnel enrolled in a particular unit; a muster roll; a sports team, with the names of players who are eligible to be placed in the lineup for a particular game; or a list of students officially enrolled in a school or class.

roster /ˈɹɑ.stɚ/ /ˈɹɒs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tə/ /ˈɹɔs.tɚ/ v
consigner inscrire
(transitive) To place the name of (a person) on a roster.

rostral adj
rostral
(anatomy) Relating to the rostrum.

rostrum /ˈɹɑstɹəm/ /ˈɹɒstɹəm/ /ˈɹɔs-/ rostra rostrums n
chaire
A dais, pulpit, or similar platform for a speaker, conductor, or other performer.
rostre éperon
The projecting prow of a rowed warship, such as a trireme.

rosy /ˈɹoʊzi/ /ˈɹəʉzi/ /ˈɹəʊzi/ rosier rosiest adj
rosé
Rose-coloured.

rosy-cheeked more rosy-cheeked most rosy-cheeked adj
aux joues roses

rosé /ɹoʊ̯ˈzeɪ̯/ /ˈɹəʊ̯zeɪ̯/ rosés n
vin rosé
A serving of such wine

rosé wine rosé wines n
vin rosé rosé
A pale pink wine made by removing the dark grape skins at the required point during fermentation.

rot /ɹɑt/ /ɹɒt/ /ɹɔt/ v
pourrir
(intransitive) To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.

rotary /ˈɹoʊtəɹi/ adj
rotatif
Capable of rotation.

rotary phone rotary phones n
téléphone à cadran
A telephone with a rotary dial.

rotate /ɹəʊˈteɪt/ /ˈɹoʊteɪt/ v
tourner rotater rotationner
(intransitive) To spin, turn, or revolve.
intervertir permuter
(intransitive, of aircraft) To lift the nose during takeoff, just prior to liftoff.
(transitive) To replace older materials or to place older materials in front of newer ones so that older ones get used first.
tourner rotater faire tourner rotationner
(transitive) To spin, turn, or revolve something.

rotation /ɹoʊˈteɪʃən/ rotations n
rotation
(chiefly, uncountable) The act of turning around a centre or an axis.
tour
(baseball) The set of starting pitchers of a team.

rotational symmetry rotational symmetries n
symétrie de rotation
(geometry) The property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn.

rotator cuff rotator cuffs n
coiffe des rotateurs
A set of four smaller muscles in the shoulder responsible for rotating the humerus (upper arm bone).

rotavirus /ˈɹəʊtəˌvaɪɹəs/ rotavira rotaviri rotavirii rotaviruses rotavirusses n
rotavirus
Any of a group of wheel-shaped viruses, of the genus Rotavirus, that causes gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children and animals.

rote /ɹoʊt/ /ɹəʊt/ n
apprentissage par cœur
Mechanical routine; a fixed, habitual, repetitive, or mechanical course of procedure.

rotgut rotguts n
tord-boyaux
Raw or poor-quality alcoholic liquor.

roti /ˈroːʈiː/ /ˈɹoʊti/ /ˈɹɐʉtəi̯/ /ˈɹɔtɪi̯/ /ˈɹəʉtɪi̯/ /ˈɹəʊti/ [ˈɹɔʊɾɪi̯] rotis n
roti
A kind of unleavened flatbread commonly consumed in South Asia and the Caribbean.

rotifer rotifers n
rotifère
Any of many minute aquatic multicellular organisms, of the phylum Rotifera, that have a ring of cilia resembling a wheel.

rotisserie /ɹəʊˈtɪ.sə.ɹi/ /ɹəʊˈtɪs.ɹi/ /ɹəˈtɪ.sə.ɹi/ /ɹəˈtɪs.ɹi/ rotisseries n
rôtissoire
A cooking device with which food is roasted on a rotating spit.
rôtisserie
A shop or restaurant selling food cooked in this manner.

roton rotons n
roton
(physics) The quantum of rotation in a superfluid

rotor /ˈɹoʊ.ɾə/ /ˈɹoʊ.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹəʊ.tə/ rotors n
rotor
A rotating part of a mechanical device; for example, in an electric motor, generator, alternator, or pump.

rotten /ˈɹɑtn̩/ /ˈɹɒtn̩/ [ˈɹɑʔn̩] more rotten most rotten rottener rottenest adj
pourri
In a state of decay.
Bad or terrible.
mauvais
Cruel, mean or immoral.

rotten borough /-ˈbɜ-/ /ˌɹɑtn̩ ˈbʌɹoʊ/ /ˌɹɒtn̩ ˈbʌɹə/ [ˌɹɑʔn̩-] rotten boroughs n
bourg pourri
(historical) A parliamentary borough that was represented in Parliament although the number of voters had diminished so greatly that they were largely controlled by the main landowner; such boroughs were abolished in the 19th century. [from mid 18th c.]

rottenness rottennesses n
pourriture
The quality of being rotten.

rotund /ɹoʊˈtʌnd/ /ɹəʊˈtʌnd/ rotunder rotundest adj
rond
Having a round, spherical or curved shape; circular; orbicular.
Having a round body shape; portly or pudgy; obese.

rotunda /ɹoʊˈtʌndə/ /ɹə(ʊ)ˈtʌndə/ rotundas n
rotonde
(architecture) A round building, usually small, often with a dome.

rough /ɹʌf/ rougher roughest adj
rugueux rude brut
Not smooth; uneven.
approximatif
Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
difficile
Difficult; trying.
brut
Crude; unrefined.
brutal
Violent; not careful or subtle.

rough /ɹʌf/ v
ébaucher
To create in an approximate form.

rough around the edges rougher around the edges roughest around the edges adj
brut de décoffrage
(idiomatic) In need of refinement; unsophisticated.

rough breathing rough breathings n
esprit rude
The sound equivalent to an initial "h" before a vowel or an "r" in Ancient Greek.

rough collie rough collies n
colley à poil long
A dog of a long-haired breed originating from Scotland, originally used as sheepdogs.

rough up v
brutaliser malmener
to manhandle or beat up

rough-hew v
dégrossir
To cut or shape something roughly without finishing or tidying the surface. [from 16th c.]

rough-legged buzzard rough-legged buzzards n
buse pattue
Buteo lagopus, a medium-large bird of prey.

roughcast /ˈɹʌfkæst/ /ˈɹʌfkɑːst/ roughcasts n
crépi
A rough surface finish, as of a plaster or stucco wall.

roughcast /ˈɹʌfkæst/ /ˈɹʌfkɑːst/ v
crépir
To apply a roughcast finish to.

roughly /ˈɹʌf.li/ more roughly most roughly roughlier roughliest adv
rudement
In a rough manner; without kindness, softness, or gentleness.
approximativement
Unevenly or irregularly.

roughly speaking more roughly speaking most roughly speaking adv
en gros grosso modo

roughneck roughnecks n
arriéré ours mal léché
(colloquial, chiefly, US) Someone with rough manners; a rowdy or uncouth person. [from 19th c.]

rouille /ˈɹuːi/ rouilles n
rouille
(cooking) A type of sauce from Provence, France, often served with fish dishes, consisting of egg yolk and olive oil with breadcrumbs, chili peppers, garlic, and saffron.

roulette /ɹuːˈlɛt/ roulettes n
roulette
(uncountable) A game of chance in which a small ball is made to move round rapidly on a circle divided off into numbered (usually red and black) spaces. When the ball stops, it indicates the result of a variety of wagers permitted by the game.
(countable, geometry) The locus of a point on a plane curve that rolls without slipping along another fixed plane curve.

roulette wheel roulette wheels n
roulette
(gambling) A slotted wheel that rotates horizontally; players bet on which slot the ball will stop in.

rouleur /ɹuˈlɝ/ /ɹuːˈlɜː/ rouleurs n
rouleur rouleuse
(cycle racing) A cyclist who performs well on flat and undulating roads.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ more round most round rounder roundest adj
rond
Circular or cylindrical; having a circular cross-section in one direction.
(physical) Of shape:
Lacking sharp angles; having gentle curves.
(of a number) Convenient for rounding other numbers to; for example, ending in a zero.
(authorship, of a fictional character) Well-written and well-characterized; complex and reminiscent of a real person.
rond ronde
Plump.
complet rond
Complete, whole, not lacking.
arrondi rond
(phonetics) Pronounced with the lips drawn together; rounded.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ rounds n
rond reprise
A circular or spherical object or part of an object.
ronde étape
A circular or repetitious route.
éclat
A general outburst from a group of people at an event.
canon
A song that is sung by groups of people with each subset of people starting at a different time.
tournée tour épreuve
A serving of something; a portion of something to each person in a group.
coup
A single individual portion or dose of medicine.
A firearm cartridge, bullet, or any individual ammunition projectile. Originally referring to the spherical projectile ball of a smoothbore firearm. Compare round shot and solid shot.
round tour épreuve
(sports) One of the specified pre-determined segments of the total time of a sport event, such as a boxing or wrestling match, during which contestants compete before being signaled to stop.
tour
(sports) In some sports, e.g. golf or showjumping: one complete way around the course.
A brewer's vessel in which the fermentation is concluded, the yeast escaping through the bunghole.
round
A series of changes or events ending where it began; a series of like events recurring in continuance; a cycle; a periodical revolution.

round /ˈɹaʊnd/ v
arrondir
(intransitive) To approximate a number, especially a decimal number by the closest whole number.

round bracket round brackets n
parenthèse
(UK) Each of the signs ( and ); parenthesis, bracket (in a strict sense).

round of 16 n
8e de finale huitième de finale

round of 32 n
16es de finale seizième de finale

round of applause rounds of applause n
salve d'applaudissements
(idiomatic) An outburst of clapping among a group or audience.

round off v
arrondir
(transitive) To change the shape of (an object) to make it smoother and especially more circular or ovoid.
(mathematics, transitive, intransitive) To change (a number) to an approximation having fewer significant digits.
compléter
(transitive) To complete or finish something.

round robin round robins n
poule
(online gaming) A method of dividing loot amongst a party of players by having the game assign in turn loot to a player or an enemy corpse to loot to a player.

round table round tables n
table ronde
A conference at which participants of similar status discuss and exchange views.

round trip round trips n
aller-retour
(often, figurative, travel) A trip from one destination to another and then returning to the starting location.

round up v
cueillir rassembler réunir
(transitive, idiomatic) To collect or gather (something) together.
arrondir
(transitive, arithmetic) To round (a number) to the smallest integer that is not less than it, or to some other greater value, especially a whole number of hundreds, thousands, etc.

roundabout /ˈɹaʊndəˌbaʊt/ roundabouts n
giratoire rond-point
(chiefly, UK, New Zealand, Ireland, Canada, Australia, and) A road junction at which traffic streams circularly around a central island.
tourniquet
(chiefly, British) A horizontal wheel which rotates around a central axis when pushed and on which children ride, often found in parks as a children's play apparatus.
manège
A fairground carousel.

rounded /ˈɹaʊndɪd/ more rounded most rounded adj
arrondi
Made into a circle or sphere.
(linguistics, of a vowel etc.) Pronounced with the lips drawn together.

roundel /ˈɹaʊn.dəl/ roundels n
cocarde
tourteau besant
(heraldiccharge) A circular spot; a charge in the form of a small coloured circle.

roundhouse kick roundhouse kicks n
coup de pied circulaire

rounding /ˈɹaʊndɪŋ/ roundings n
arrondi
In bookbinding, the shaping of the folded and sewed sheets into a convex form at the back.

roundoff roundoffs n
rondade
(gymnastics) A move similar to a cartwheel but ending with the legs together and the gymnast facing in the opposite direction.

rouse /ˈɹaʊz/ v
éveiller
(obsolete) To raise; to make erect.

rousong /ɹəʊˈsɒŋ/ /ʒəʊˈsʊŋ/ n
rousong
A Chinese dried meat product with a light and fluffy texture, made by stewing cuts of pork in a sweetened soy sauce mixture.

rout /ɹaʊt/ [ɹʌʊt] routs n
débâcle déroute
(originally, military) The act of completely defeating an army or other enemy force, causing it to retreat in a disorganized manner; (by extension) in politics, sport, etc.: a convincing defeat; a thrashing, a trouncing.
raout
(countable, dated) A fashionable assembly; a large evening party, a soirée.

route /ɹaʊt/ /ɹut/ /ɹuːt/ /ɹʉːt/ routes n
route chemin itinéraire
A course or way which is traveled or passed.
itinéraire
(railway) A path that has been secured by a railway signalling system for the passage of a train and locked to prevent any conflicting train movements from taking place.

route of administration routes of administration n
voie d'administration
(pharmacology, toxicology) The path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.

router /ˈɹaʊ.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹu.ɾɚ/ /ˈɹuː.tə(ɹ)/ routers n
routeur
(Internet) A device that connects local area networks to form a larger internet by, at minimum, selectively passing those datagrams having a destination IP address to the network which is able to deliver them to their destination; a network gateway.

router /ˈɹaʊtə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹaʊtɚ/ routers n
défonceuse
A power tool used in carpentry for cutting grooves.

routine /ɹuːˈtiːn/ more routine most routine adj
procédural
According to established procedure.
routinier
Regular; habitual.
quelconque
Ordinary with nothing to distinguish it from all the others.

routine /ɹuːˈtiːn/ routines n
routine
A course of action to be followed regularly; a standard procedure.
A set of normal procedures, often performed mechanically.
(computing) A set of instructions designed to perform a specific task; a subroutine.
numéro routine
A set piece of an entertainer's act.

routinely /ɹuːˈtiːnli/ more routinely most routinely adv
routinièrement
In a routine manner, in a way that has become common or expected.

routing /ˈɹaʊtɪŋ/ /ˈɹutɪŋ/ /ˈɹuːtɪŋ/ routings n
routage
(networking) A method of finding paths from origins to destinations in a network such as the Internet, along which information can be passed.

roux /ɹuː/ roux n
roux
A mixture of fat (usually butter) and flour used to thicken sauces and stews.

roué /ˈɹuːeɪ/ roués n
roué
A debauched or lecherous person.

rovibronic more rovibronic most rovibronic adj
rovibronique

row /ˈɹoʊ/ /ˈɹəʊ/ rows n
rangée rang ligne
A line of objects, often regularly spaced, such as seats in a theatre, vegetable plants in a garden etc.

row /ɹoʊ/ /ɹəʊ/ v
ramer voguer
(transitive, or, intransitive, nautical) To propel (a boat or other craft) over water using oars.

rowan /ˈɹaʊ.ən/ /ˈɹoʊ.ən/ /ˈɹəʊ.ən/ rowans n
sorbier des oiseleurs
Sorbus aucuparia, the European rowan.
sorbier alisier
Any of various small deciduous trees or shrubs of genus Sorbus, belonging to the rose family, with pinnate leaves, corymbs of white flowers, and usually with orange-red berries.

rowanberry rowanberries n
sorbe
The small spherical fruits of the rowan or European rowan (Sorbus aucuparia), a species of rowan (Sorbus subg. Sorbus), native to most of Europe except for the far south, and northern Asia; the fruits are bitter and inedible if uncooked, but may be used in the making of jellies and jams.

rowboat /ˈɹəʊbəʊt/ rowboats n
bateau à rames barque
(US) A small open boat propelled by oars (by rowing).

rowdy /ˈɹaʊdi/ rowdier rowdiest adj
chahuteur
Loud and disorderly; riotous; boisterous.

rowel /ˈɹoʊəl/ rowels n
molette
The small spiked wheel on the end of a spur.

rower /ˈɹəʊ.ə(ɹ)/ rowers n
rameur
One who rows.
A rowing machine.

rowhouse rowhouses n
maison en bande maison mitoyenne
(especially, US) One of a row of houses situated side by side and sharing a common wall.

rowing /ˈɹoʊɪŋ/ /ˈɹəʊɪŋ/ n
aviron canotage
The action of the verb to row.

rowlock /ˈɹɑlək/ /ˈɹɒlək/ /ˈɹʌlək/ rowlocks n
dame de nage
(nautical, chiefly, British) A usually U-shaped pivot attached to the gunwale (outrigger in a sport boat) of a boat that supports and guides an oar, and provides a fulcrum for rowing; an oarlock (mostly US).

royal /ˈɹɔɪ(ə)l/ /ˈɹɔɪəl/ more royal most royal adj
royal royale
Of or relating to a monarch or his (or her) family.

royal /ˈɹɔɪ(ə)l/ /ˈɹɔɪəl/ royals n
trochure
The fourth tine of an antler's beam.
cacatois
(nautical, sailing) In large sailing ships, square sail over the topgallant sail.

royal burgh /-ˈbɝɡ/ /ˌɹɔɪ(ə)l ˈbɝoʊ/ /ˌɹɔɪəl ˈbʌɹə/ royal burghs n
burgh royal
(Scotland, historical) A type of Scottish burgh founded by, or subsequently granted, a royal charter; these were legally abolished in 1975.

royal family royal families n
famille royale
The family of the ruling sovereign of a country or state.

royal fish royal fish royal fishes n
poisson royal

royal flush royal flushes n
quinte floche royale quinte flush royale quinte-couleur royale suite colorée à l'as
(poker) Ace-high straight flush; a hand consisting of the cards A, K, Q, J, 10, of the same suit. This is the rarest and strongest hand in poker.

royal jelly royal jellies n
gelée royale
A substance secreted by honey bees to aid in the development of immature or young bees, supplied in extra measure to those young that will become queen bees.

royal penguin royal penguins n
gorfou de Schlegel
A species of white-faced penguin, Eudyptes schlegeli, which breed on Macquarie Island, in the south-west Pacific.

royal road royal roads n
voie royale
An easy or straightforward procedure for achieving a goal; a procedure that requires little effort.

royal we royal we's royal wes n
nous de majesté nous majestatif
The first-person plural pronoun we as traditionally used by a sovereign in formal speech to refer to themselves in their role as the monarch.

royalism /ˈɹɔɪəlɪzm/ royalisms n
royalisme
Impassioned allegiance to or advocacy of the establishment, maintenance, and/or interests of a particular king, royal house, or kingly dynasty; sometimes extended to the same of a non-royal (i.e., grand ducal, imperial, or other) family or sovereign; often contrasted with monarchism.

royalist royalists n
royaliste
A monarchist (supporter of monarchy) or supporter of a particular royal régime.

royally more royally most royally adv
royalement
In a royal manner; in a manner having to do with royalty.

royalty /ˈɹɔɪəlti/ royalties n
redevance royalty règne
A royal right or prerogative, such as the exploitation of a natural resource; the granting of such a right; payment received for such a right.
droit d'auteur redevance royalty
The payment received by an owner of real property for exploitation of mineral rights in the property.
droit d'auteur royalty
(by extension) Payment made to a writer, composer, inventor etc for the sale or use of intellectual property, invention etc.

rozzer /ˈɹɒzə(ɹ)/ rozzers n
flic poulet keuf
(UK, slang, dated) A police officer.

rub /ɹʌb/ [ɹɐb] rubs n
friction
An act of rubbing.
hic
A difficulty or problem.

rub /ɹʌb/ [ɹɐb] v
frotter
(transitive) To move (one object) while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction.
(intransitive) To be rubbed against something.
frotter polir
To scour; to burnish; to polish; to brighten; to cleanse; often with up or over.

rub it in v
en rajouter retourner le fer dans la plaie
(informal) To add insult to injury; to emphasize one's strengths or another's weaknesses in a manner that degrades another.

rub one's hands together v
se frotter les mains

rub out v
effacer
(transitive) To delete or erase or remove (something) by rubbing, especially with a rubber (eraser).

rub salt in the wound v
remuer le couteau dans la plaie
(idiomatic) To make an injury, physical or emotional, feel worse.

rubber /ˈɹʌbə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌbɚ/ [ˈɹɐbə(ɹ)] adj
chèque en bois
(slang, of a draft/check) Not covered by funds on account.

rubber /ˈɹʌbə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌbɚ/ [ˈɹɐbə(ɹ)] rubbers n
caoutchouc gomme
(uncountable) Pliable material derived from the sap of the rubber tree; a hydrocarbon polymer of isoprene.
(uncountable, countable) Synthetic materials with the same properties as natural rubber.
capote préservatif condom
(countable, North America, slang) A condom.
gommes caoutchouc
(uncountable, slang) Tires, particularly racing tires.

rubber ball blast grenade rubber ball blast grenades n
RBBG

rubber bullet rubber bullets n
balle de défense balle de plastique

rubber duck rubber ducks n
canard en caoutchouc canard en plastique
A toy, made from rubber or rubber-like plastic, shaped like a duck; usually a floating bathtub toy.

rubber ring rubber rings n
bouée gonflable
A ring or tube made of rubber, in particular a circular air-filled tube used as an aid to swimming.

rubber stamp rubber stamps n
tampon
A piece of rubber or similar material with a design or text carved or molded for the purpose of transferring ink or dye to imprint that design on another object.

rubber tree rubber trees n
hévéa
A tropical South American tree, Hevea brasiliensis, the principal source of natural rubber.

rubberneck rubbernecks n
badaud
Someone who engages in rubbernecking, or turning and staring.

rubberneck v
faire le badaud
To watch by craning the neck (as though it were made of rubber), especially if the observer and observed are in motion relative to each other.

rubbernecker /ˈrʌbəˌnɛkə/ /ˈrʌbɚˌnɛkɚ/ rubberneckers n
badaud badaude curieuse curieux
(originally, US) A person who rubbernecks; someone who cranes their neck as though it were made of rubber to see something (such as a tourist attraction) or to watch an event (such as an accident); a rubberneck.

rubbernecking /ˈɹʊbɚˌnɛkɪŋ/ n
faire le badaud
The act of slowing down whilst driving a vehicle, in order to see the scene of an accident.

rubbery /ˈɹʌbəɹi/ rubberier rubberiest adj
caoutchouteux
Of, relating to, or resembling rubber, especially in consistency.

rubbish /ˈɹə-/ /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ more rubbish most rubbish rubbisher rubbishest adj
pourri
(chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Ireland, Commonwealth, colloquial) Exceedingly bad; awful.

rubbish /ˈɹə-/ /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ interjection
n'importe quoi
Used to express that what was recently said is nonsense or untrue; balderdash!, nonsense!

rubbish /ˈɹə-/ /ˈɹʌbɪʃ/ rubbishes n
absurdités inepties
(by extension, chiefly, Australia, New Zealand, Britain, Ireland, Commonwealth) Nonsense.
décombres
(archaic) Debris or ruins of buildings; rubble.

rubble /ˈɹʌb.əl/ rubbles n
gravats débris décombres
The broken remains of an object, usually rock or masonry.

rubblestone n
moellon
Rubble; a loose collection of broken stones.

rube /ɹuːb/ rubes n
plouc
(US, Canada, informal) A person of rural heritage; a yokel.

rubella /ɹuːˈbɛlə/ n
rubéole
(pathology) A mild disease caused by the Rubella virus infecting the respiratory tract, and characterised by a rash of pink dots, fever and swollen lymph nodes.

rubidium /ˌɹuːˈbɪd.i.əm/ rubidiums n
rubidium
The chemical element (symbol Rb) with an atomic number of 37. It is a soft, highly reactive alkali metal.

ruble /ɹuːbəl/ rubles n
rouble
The monetary unit of Russia, Belarus and Transnistria equal to 100 kopeks (Russian: копе́йка, Belarusian: капе́йка). The Russian ruble's symbol is ₽.

rubric /ˈɹuːbɹɪk/ rubrics n
rubrique
A heading in a book highlighted in red.
A title of a category or a class.

rubrician rubricians n
rubriciste
Someone versed in, or strictly adhering to, the rubric or rubrics.

ruby /ˈɹuː.bi/ rubies n
rubis
(uncountable, printing, UK, dated) The size of type between pearl and nonpareil, standardized as 5½-point.

rucksack /ˈɹʌkˌsæk/ rucksacks n
sac à dos
a bag carried on the back or shoulder, supported by straps

ruckus /ˈɹʌkəs/ ruckuses n
chahut
A noisy disturbance and/or commotion.
commotion grabuge
A row, fight.

ruction /ˈɹʌk.ʃən/ ructions n
rixe
A noisy quarrel or fight.

rudbeckia rudbeckias n
rudbeckia rudbeckie rudbéckie
Any member of the genus Rudbeckia of coneflowers.

rudd /ɹʌd/ rudd rudds n
rotengle gardon rouge
common rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus)

rudder /ˈɹʌdə(ɹ)/ /ˈɹʌdɚ/ rudders n
gouvernail safran
(nautical) An underwater vane used to steer a vessel. The rudder is controlled by means of a wheel, tiller or other apparatus (modern vessels can be controlled even with a joystick or an autopilot).
gouverne gouvernail
(aeronautics) A control surface on the vertical stabilizer of a fixed-wing aircraft or an autogyro. On some craft, the entire vertical stabilizer comprises the rudder. The rudder is controlled by foot-operated control pedals.

ruddy /ˈɹʌdi/ ruddier ruddiest adj
rougeâtre
Reddish in color, especially of the face, fire, or sky.

ruddy turnstone ruddy turnstones n
tournepierre à collier
A stout short-billed wading bird in the wader family of Scolopacidae; Arenaria interpres.

rude /ɹud/ /ɹuːd/ /ɹɪʊ̯d/ /ɹʉːd/ ruder rudest adj
impoli malpoli
Lacking in refinement or civility; bad-mannered; discourteous.

rude awakening rude awakenings n
douche froide dur retour à la réalité désillusion

rudeness rudenesses n
impolitesse
The property of being rude.

ruderal more ruderal most ruderal adj
rudéral
(botany) That grows in rubbish or poor soil

rudiment /ˈɹuːdɪmənt/ rudiments n
rudiment
(often, _, in the plural) A fundamental principle or skill, especially in a field of learning.
(often, _, in the plural) A form that lacks full or complex development.
(biology) A body part that no longer has a function

rudimentary /ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌɹuːdɪˈmɛnt͡ʃɹi/ more rudimentary most rudimentary adj
rudimentaire
Of or relating to one or more rudiments.
Basic; minimal; with less than, or only the minimum, necessary.

rue /ɹuː/ /ɹɪu̯/ rues n
rue
Any of various perennial shrubs of the genus Ruta, especially the herb Ruta graveolens (common rue), formerly used in medicines.

rue /ɹuː/ /ɹɪu̯/ v
regretter
(transitive) To repent of or regret (some past action or event); to wish that a past action or event had not taken place.

ruff /ɹəf/ /ɹʌf/ ruffs n
fraise
A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).
combattant varié
Philomachus pugnax (syn. Calidris pugnax), a gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a reeve).
crinière
(zoology) A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.

ruffe ruffes n
grémille
Other species in the same genus.

ruffed grouse ruffed grouses n
gélinotte huppée
An American game bird, Bonasa umbellus; the male makes drumming sounds with its wings

ruffian /ˈɹʌfi.ən/ ruffians n
brute rufian voyou
A scoundrel, rascal, or unprincipled, deceitful, brutal and unreliable person.

ruffle /ˈɹʌfəl/ ruffles n
falbala
(zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur.

ruffle /ˈɹʌfəl/ v
ébouriffer
(transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric.
(intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger.
To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.

rufous-bellied kookaburra rufous-bellied kookaburras n
martin-chasseur de Gaudichaud
A kookaburra of species Dacelo gaudichaud, of lowland New Guinea.

rufous-bellied tit rufous-bellied tits n
mésange à ventre cannelle
Melaniparus rufiventris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

rufous-capped antshrike rufous-capped antshrikes n
batara à tête rousse
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus ruficapillus.

rufous-tailed hawk rufous-tailed hawks n
buse de Patagonie
Buteo ventralis, a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family, found in southern Argentina and Chile

rufous-vented ground-cuckoo rufous-vented ground-cuckoos n
géocoucou de Geoffroy
Neomorphus geoffroyi, a large terrestrial species of cuckoo in the Cuculidae family

rufous-winged antshrike rufous-winged antshrikes n
batara à ailes rousses
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus torquatus.

rug /ɹʌɡ/ rugs n
tapis
A partial covering for a floor. [1624]
couverture
(UK, Australia) A (usually thick) piece of fabric used for warmth (especially on a bed); a blanket. [1591]

rugby /ˈɹʌɡbi/ rugbies n
rugby
A form of football in which players can hold or kick an ovoid ball; rugby football. The ball cannot be handled forwards and points are scored by touching the ball to the ground in the area past the opponent's territory or by kicking the ball between goalposts and over a crossbar.

rugby league n
rugby à XIII
A version of rugby football, played between two teams of thirteen.

rugby player rugby players n
joueur de rugby joueuse de rugby rugbyman rugbywoman
A person who plays rugby, especially professionally.

rugby sevens n
rugby à sept
A form of rugby union, played on a full-size pitch but with only seven players per side.

rugby union n
rugby à XV
A form of rugby football, historically amateur, having 15 players per side; points are scored for a try, penalty, drop kick or conversion.

rugged /ˈɹʌɡɪd/ ruggeder ruggedest adj
rugueux
Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough.
irrégulier
Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven.
sévère
(of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard
tempétueux turbulent
(of weather) Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous
hargneux
(of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled
rude violent
(of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous
robuste solide
(of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] ruins n
ruine
(countable, sometimes, in the plural) The remains of a destroyed or dilapidated construction, such as a house or castle.
(uncountable) The state of being a ruin, destroyed or decayed.
(uncountable) Something that leads to serious trouble or destruction.

ruin /ˈɹuː.ɪn/ [ˈɹuwɪn] v
ruiner
(transitive) To cause the fiscal ruin of; to bankrupt or drive out of business.
ruiner abîmer foutre en l'air massacrer
To destroy or make something no longer usable.
To upset or overturn the plans or progress of, or to have a disastrous effect on something.
ruiner gâcher abîmer foutre en l'air massacrer plomber
To reveal the ending of (a story); to spoil.

ruination /ˌɹuː.ɪˈneɪʃən/ ruinations n
ruination
The state of being ruined, a state of devastation or destruction.
The act of ruining or wrecking.

ruinous /ˈɹuː.ɪnəs/ more ruinous most ruinous adj
ruineux
Causing ruin; destructive, calamitous

ruinously more ruinously most ruinously adv
ruineusement
in a way that will cause ruin

rule /ɹuːl/ /ɹɪu̯l/ rules n
règle
A regulation, law, guideline.

rule /ɹuːl/ /ɹɪu̯l/ v
gouverner régler
(transitive, stative) To regulate, be in charge of, make decisions for, reign over.
graduer
(transitive) To mark (paper or the like) with rules (lines).

rule of engagement rules of engagement n
règle d'engagement
(military, law enforcement, chiefly, in the plural) An internal rule among a military, police, etc. force defining the circumstances in which and manner with which to use force.

rule of three pn
règle de trois
(mathematics, _, education) A rule stating that, if two ratios are equal, then the denominator of the second equals its numerator times the reciprocal of the first ratio: if \frac ab=\frac cd then d=\frac{bc}a.

rule of thumb rules of thumb n
règle générale au doigt mouillé au pif
A general guideline, rather than a strict rule; an approximate measure or means of reckoning based on experience or common knowledge.

rule out v
barrer biffer
(transitive) To cross an item out by drawing a straight line through it, as with a ruler.
exclure écarter éliminer
(idiomatic, transitive) To reject an option from a list of possibilities.
exclure interdire
(idiomatic, transitive) To make something impossible.
exclure
(transitive) To disallow.

rulebook rulebooks n
règlement règles
A book containing a set of rules.

ruler /ˈɹulɚ/ /ˈɹuː.lə/ /ˈɹuːl.ə/ /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)/ [ˈɹʉwlə] [ˈɹʊwɫə] rulers n
règle latte
A (usually rigid), flat, rectangular measuring or drawing device with graduations in units of measurement; a straightedge with markings.
chef dirigeant
A person who rules or governs; someone or something that exercises dominion or controlling power over others.

rulership /ˈɹuːlə(ɹ)ʃɪp/ rulerships n
dominance pouvoir
A position in which one rules or has sovereignty over others.

rules are made to be broken proverb
les règles sont faites pour être transgressées
it is acceptable to break rules.

rules of the road n
code de la route
The laws that govern driving, especially of motorists and cyclists.

ruling /ˈɹuːlɪŋ/ adj
au pouvoir régnant
That rules; predominant; chief; reigning; controlling.

ruling /ˈɹuːlɪŋ/ rulings n
arrêt décision
An order or a decision on a point of law from someone in authority.

ruling class ruling classes n
classe dirigeante
(sociology) The social class of a given society that controls that society's political agenda, whether as formal aristocracy or party leadership or as an informal unit within democracies.

ruling pen ruling pens n
tire-ligne
a pen used in graphic design and calligraphy for drawing precise lines of various thicknesses

rum /ɹʌm/ rums n
rhum
(uncountable) A distilled spirit derived from fermented cane sugar and molasses.

rumba /ˈɹʊmbə/ /ˈɹʌmbə/ rumbas n
rumba
A slow-paced Cuban partner dance in 4:4 time.

rumble /ˈɹʌmb(ə)l/ rumbles n
borborygme gargouillement grondement
A low, heavy, continuous sound, such as that of thunder or a hungry stomach.

rumble /ˈɹʌmb(ə)l/ v
gronder
(intransitive) To make a low, heavy, continuous sound.

rumble strip rumble strips n
vibreur
A pattern of variation in a road's surface designed to alert inattentive drivers to potential danger by causing a tactile vibration and audible rumbling if they veer out of their lane.

rumbling more rumbling most rumbling adj
grondant

rumbling rumblings n
grondement
A muted sound of complaint or discontent.
A deep low noise.

rumen /ˈɹu.mən/ rumens rumina n
rumen panse
The first compartment of the stomach of a cow or other ruminants.

ruminant /ˈɹuːmɪnənt/ ruminants n
ruminant ruminante
An artiodactyl ungulate mammal which chews cud, such as a cow or deer.

ruminate /ˈɹumɪneɪt/ v
ruminer
(intransitive) To chew cud. (Said of ruminants.) Involves regurgitating partially digested food from the rumen.
(transitive) To meditate or ponder over; to muse on.

rumination /ˌɹuːmɪˈneɪʃən/ ruminations n
rumination
The act of ruminating; i.e. chewing cud.

rummage /ˈɹʌm.ɪd͡ʒ/ v
fouiller
(transitive, nautical) To search a vessel for smuggled goods.
(intransitive) To hastily search for something in a confined space and among many items by carelessly turning things over or pushing things aside.
(transitive) To search something thoroughly and with disregard for the way in which things were arranged.

rummage sale rummage sales n
kermesse
(Upper Midwestern US) A garage sale or tag sale.

rummy /ˈɹʌmi/ /ˈɹʌmɪ/ rummies n
rami
A card game with many rule variants, conceptually similar to mahjong.

rumor /ˈɹumɚ/ /ˈɹuːmə(ɹ)/ rumors n
rumeur bruit
(American spelling, countable) A statement or claim of questionable accuracy, from no known reliable source, usually spread by word of mouth.

rumour has it phraseologicalUnit
il parait le bruit court on dit
According to rumour or gossip.

rump /ˈɹʌmp/ rumps n
croupe
A cut of meat from the rump of an animal.
The buttocks.

rump state rump states n
état croupion
Any politico-geographic entity (a state) that is the remnant of a previous, larger one that has been broken up.

rumple /ˈɹʌmpəl/ v
froisser
(transitive) To make wrinkled, particularly fabric.

rumpus rumpuses n
conflit confusion divergence
A noisy, sometimes violent disturbance; noise and confusion; a noisy quarrel or brawl.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ runs n
période
courir course
Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.
parcours
The route taken while running or skiing.
flot flux
A flow of liquid; a leak.
cours d'eau
(chiefly, eastern, _, North Midland US, especially, Ohio, Pennsylvania) A small creek or part thereof. (Compare Southern US branch and New York and New England brook.)
course
A quick pace, faster than a walk.
galoper
(of horses) A fast gallop.

run /ɹʊn/ /ɹʌn/ v
griller
(figurative, transitive) To pass (without stopping), typically a stop signal, stop sign, or duty to yield the right of way.
marcher
(intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally.
courir écouler couler
To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.
marcher courir
To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.

run a red light v
brûler un feu rouge griller un feu rouge
To drive past an illuminated red traffic light instead of stopping as indicated.

run after v
courir après
To follow quickly, often in an effort to catch or catch up with (someone or something).
To make a determined effort to win someone's affections or to have a sexual relationship with them.

run aground v
échouer
(transitive) To cause (a vessel) to be immobilized by water too shallow to allow it to float.

run along v
partir
To leave; to make one's way somewhere else.

run amok v
perdre le contrôle péter un câble
(idiomatic) To go on a rampage; to be in an uncontrollable rage.

run around v
courir partout
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be very busy doing many different things.
(slang) To cheat; to be unfaithful to a romantic partner.

run away v
s'enfuir
To flee by running.

run down v
heurter
(transitive) To hit someone with a car or other vehicle and injure or kill them.

run errands v
faire les courses
To undertake a journey to complete multiple small tasks of low importance, usually for household or business matters.

run in the family v
être de famille
(idiomatic, somewhat derogatory) To be a characteristic feature that is observed in several generations of a family.

run into the ground v
laisser se détériorer user à fond
(transitive, idiomatic) To wear out, especially through excessive use.

run out v
expirer toucher à sa fin venir à expiration venir à manquer épuiser être à court
(intransitive) To expire; to come to an end; to be completely used up or consumed.

run out of steam v
marquer le pas à bout de souffle
(idiomatic) To run out of energy or motivation.

run out the clock v
jouer la montre
(idiomatic, sports) To preserve a lead in a game by retaining possession, to waste time.

run over v
renverser
(transitive, idiomatic) To drive over, causing injury or death.

run scared v
courir en fuite
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be in a state of fearful alarm.

run the gauntlet v
affronter braver endurer
(idiomatic) To undergo a series of tests or challenges.

run the risk v
courir le risque

run through v
parcourir
(transitive, idiomatic) To go through hastily.
embrocher
(transitive, idiomatic) To impale a person with a blade, usually a sword.
arroser
(transitive, idiomatic) Of a waterway, to flow through an area.

run with the hare and hunt with the hounds v
manger à tous les râteliers ménager la chèvre et le chou
(idiomatic, figuratively) To support both sides of an argument.

run-of-the-mill more run-of-the-mill most run-of-the-mill adj
ordinaire
(figurative) Ordinary; not special.

runaway /ˈɹʌnəweɪ/ runaways n
fugitif fugueur
A person or animal that runs away or has run away; a person, animal, or organization that escapes captivity or restrictions.
emballement
(usually attributive) An object or process that is out of control or out of equilibrium.

rundown rundowns n
topo
(mostly, with definite article "the") A rough outline of a topic or situation.

rune /ɹuːn/ runes n
rune
A letter, or character, used in the written language of various ancient Germanic peoples, especially the Scandinavians and the Anglo-Saxons.
A letter or mark used as a mystical or magic symbol.

runestone runestones n
pierre runique
(archaeology) An ancient monument consisting of a typically raised stone with a runic inscription.

rung /ɹʌŋ/ rungs n
barreau échelon
A crosspiece forming a step of a ladder; a round.
barreau
A crosspiece between legs of a chair.

runic /ˈɹuːnɪk/ adj
runique
Of, pertaining to, or written using runes.

runiform /ˈɹuːnɪfɔːm/ adj
runiforme
Resembling, or in the form of, runes.

runner /ˈɹʌnə/ /ˈɹʌnɚ/ runners n
coureur coureuse
(cricket) A player who runs for a batsman who is too injured to run; he is dressed exactly as the injured batsman, and carries a bat.
A person who moves, on foot, at a fast pace, especially an athlete.
coulisse glissière
A mechanical part intended to guide or aid something else to move (using wheels or sliding).

runner bean runner beans n
haricot d'Espagne
A climbing plant of species Phaseolus coccineus, having long bean pods.

runner-up /ˌɹʌn.əˈɹʌp/ /ˌɹʌn.ɚˈʌp/ runner-ups runners-up n
vice-champion vice-championne
The person who finishes second, or in any position after the first.

running /ˈɹʌniŋ/ adv
consécutivement de suite à la suite
(informal) Consecutively; in a row.

running /ˈɹʌniŋ/ runnings n
course à pied course
The action of the verb to run.

running board running boards n
marchepied
A narrow board serving as a step beneath the doors of some cars.

running in n
rodage
The operating of a new engine (especially that of a motor vehicle) at less than its normal speed until proper working has been established.

running joke running jokes n
comique de répétition
An ongoing joke, one that is regularly repeated or continued.

running mate running mates n
colistier colistière
(politics) A candidate on a joint ticket.

running text running texts n
texte courant
The main body of a document; text in the form of sentences and paragraphs, as distinct from headings, captions, footnotes, and other added content.

runny nose runny noses n
avoir le nez qui coule
A condition of discharge of mucus from the nose, often a symptom of the common cold.

runoff runoffs n
ballottage second tour
(politics) A second or further round of an indecisive election, after other candidates (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.

runology n
runologie
The academic study of Runic alphabets and inscriptions and their history.

runs /ɹʌnz/ n
courante
(slang, often with "the") Diarrhea/diarrhoea.

runt /ˈɹʌnt/ runts n
avorton
Undersized or stunted plant, animal or person.
(typography) A single word (or portion of a hyphenated word) that appears as the last line of a paragraph.

runway /ˈɹən-/ /ˈɹʌnweɪ/ /ˈɹʌnˌweɪ/ runways n
podium passerelle
A narrow walkway (often on a platform) extending from a stage on which people walk, especially one used by models during fashion shows.
piste piste d'atterrissage
(aviation) A section of land, usually paved, for airplanes to land on or take off from.

rupee /ɹuˈpi/ /ɹʊ-/ /ˈɹupi/ /ˌɹuːˈpiː/ rupees n
roupie
The common name for the monetary currencies used in modern India, Mauritius, Nepal, Pakistan, the Seychelles, or Sri Lanka, often abbreviated ₨.
(video games) The primary currency of Hyrule.

rupicolous adj
rupicole
(botany) Growing on or among rocks.
(zoology) Dwelling among rocks.

rupture /ˈɹʌptʃə/ ruptures n
rupture
A burst, split, or break.

rural /ˈɹɔː.ɹəl/ /ˈɹɝ.əl/ /ˈɹʊ.ɹəl/ /ˈɹʊə.ɹəl/ more rural most rural adj
rural
Relating to the countryside or to agriculture.

rurban adj
rurbain
Of or pertaining to a location which has both urban and rural characteristics.

rusa deer rusa deer n
Cerf rusa
Cervus timorensis, a species of deer native to the islands of Java.

rusalka rusalkas rusalki rusalky n
roussalka
(Slavic mythology) A female water spirit that leads handsome men to their deaths underwater.

ruse /ɹuːz/ /ɹɪu̯z/ ruses n
ruse finasserie
(countable, by extension) An action intended to deceive; a trick.
ruse
(uncountable) Cunning, guile, trickery.

rush /ɹʌʃ/ rushes n
jonc
The stem of such plants used in making baskets, mats, the seats of chairs, etc.
hâte
General haste.

rush /ɹʌʃ/ v
dépêcher hâter
(transitive, or, intransitive) To hurry; to perform a task with great haste, often not properly or without thinking carefully.

rush hour rush hours n
heure de pointe
(idiomatic) The times of the day when traffic jams are commonplace, due mainly to people commuting to or from work.

rushes /ˈɹʌʃɪz/ n
rushes épreuve de tournage
(cinematography) Unedited footage; film material as recorded to tape etc.

rusk /ɹʌsk/ rusks n
biscotte biscotin
a twice-baked bread, slices of bread baked until they are hard and crisp (also called a zwieback)

russet /ˈɹʌsɪt/ more russet most russet adj
rousse roux
Having a reddish-brown color.

russet /ˈɹʌsɪt/ russets n
roux
A reddish-brown color.

rust /ɹʌst/ rusts n
rouille
The deteriorated state of iron or steel as a result of moisture and oxidation.
(color) A reddish-brown color.
A disease of plants caused by a reddish-brown fungus.

rust /ɹʌst/ v
rouiller enrouiller oxyder
(transitive) To cause to oxidize.

rustbucket rustbuckets n
tas de ferraille
(slang) An old, neglected vehicle, usually a car, a freighter, or a truck.

rustic bunting rustic buntings n
bruant rustique
Emberiza rustica, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

rusticate /ˈrʌstɪkeɪt/ v
limoger
(ambitransitive, Oxbridge, Durham University) To be suspended or expelled temporarily from the university, either compulsorily or voluntarily.

rustle /ˈɹʌsəl/ rustles n
bruissement froufrou
A soft crackling sound similar to the movement of dry leaves.

rustle /ˈɹʌsəl/ v
froufrouter
(ergative) To move (something) with a soft crackling sound.

rustle up v
préparer vite fait
(idiomatic) To forage for, or (figuratively) to quickly prepare, something.

rusty /ˈɹʌsti/ rustier rustiest adj
rouillé
Marked or corroded by rust. [from 9th c.]
Lacking recent experience, out of practice, especially with respect to a skill or activity. [from 16th c.]
Affected with the fungal plant disease called rust.

rusty-spotted cat rusty-spotted cats n
chat rubigineux
Prionailurus rubiginosus, one of the smallest members of the cat family, native to India and Sri Lanka.

rut /ɹʊt/ /ɹʌt/ ruts n
rut
(zoology) Sexual desire or oestrus of cattle, and various other mammals. [from early 15th c.]
ornière
A furrow, groove, or track worn in the ground, as from the passage of many wheels along a road. [from 16th c.]
ornière voie de garage
(figurative) A fixed routine, procedure, line of conduct, thought or feeling. [from 19th c.]

rut /ɹʊt/ /ɹʌt/ v
être en rut
(intransitive) To be in the annual rut or mating season.
sillonner
(transitive) To make a furrow.

rutabaga /ˈɹutəˌbeɪɡə/ rutabagas n
rutabaga chou-navet
(now, North America) The edible root of this plant

ruthenium /ɹuːˈθiːniəm/ rutheniums n
ruthénium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Ru) with an atomic number of 44.

rutherfordium /ˌɹʌðəɹˈfɔːɹdiəm/ n
rutherfordium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Rf) with an atomic number of 104.

ruthless /ˈɹuːθləs/ more ruthless most ruthless adj
impitoyable
Without pity or compassion; cruel, pitiless.

ruthlessly /ˈɹuːθ.ləs.li/ /ˈɹuːθ.lɪs.li/ more ruthlessly most ruthlessly adv
cruellement impitoyablement inhumainement sadiquement sans foi ni loi tenacement
In a ruthless manner; with cruelty; without pity or compassion.

rutile rutiles n
rutile
(mineral) The most frequent of the three polymorphs of titanium dioxide, crystalizing in the tetragonal system, TiO2.

ryazhanka ryazhankas n
riazhanka riazhenka ryajenka ryazhanka
A type of East Slavic yogurt-like beverage made from baked milk.

rye /ɹaɪ/ ryes n
seigle
The grass Secale cereale from which the grain is obtained. [from 14th c.]

rye bread rye breads n
pain de seigle pain noir
A bread made partly or entirely with rye flour.

ryegrass ryegrasses n
ivraie
(countable) Any of several species of tufted grasses of the genus Lolium.

ryokan ryokan ryokans n
ryokan
A traditional Japanese inn with communal baths and other public areas.

röntgen /ˈɹɜːnt.ɡən/ röntgens n
röntgen
(physics) a unit of exposure to ionizing radiation

rösti /ˈɹɒstɪ/ /ˈɹɔsti/ /ˈɹɜːstɪ/ /ˈɹʊʃti/ röstis n
rösti rœsti
A traditional breakfast dish in Germanophone Switzerland (originally from Bern canton) made from potatoes, fried in a pan with butter or fat and widely varying other ingredients such as bacon, onions, cheese, apples or fresh herbs.

s'more /ˈsmo(ː)ɹ/ /ˈsmoə/ /ˈsmɔɹ/ /ˈsmɔː/ s'mores n
biscuit-sandwich à la guimauve guim-o-choco s'more
(US, Canada) A snack food made by combining graham crackers, marshmallows (frequently toasted) and chocolate, a typical camping fireside treat.

s*x s*xes n
s*x* s*xe
Censored spelling of sex.

s.t. conjunction
tel que
(mathematics)

sabaton /ˈsæb.əˌtɑn/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɒn/ sabatons n
soleret
(historical) A mediaeval armour (usually steel) covering for the foot; a flexible armour shoe.

sabbatical adj
sabbatique
Relating to the Sabbath.

sabbatical year sabbatical years n
année sabbatique
A year of rest for the land observed every seven years in ancient Judea, which included allowing the fields to lie without tilling, sowing, or reaping from one autumn to the next in accordance with a Levitical commandment.
année sabbatique congé sabbatique
A leave, often with full or half pay granted (as every seventh year) to one holding an administrative or professional position for rest, travel, or research.

sabbatize v
célébrer le sabbat observer le sabbat sabbatiser sanctifier le sabbat
(intransitive) To sanctify, keep or observe the Sabbath.

sabella sabellae sabellas n
sabelle
A seaworm of the genus Sabella, around 25 cm long, which lives in tubes that it builds itself.

sabermetrics n
sabermétrie
(US) The analysis of baseball, especially via its statistics.

sable /ˈseɪbəl/ /ˈseɪbɫ/ sabler sablest adj
sable
Of the black colour sable.
(tincture) : In blazon, of the colour black.

sable /ˈseɪbəl/ /ˈseɪbɫ/ sables n
zibeline martre
(countable) A small carnivorous mammal of the Old World that resembles a weasel, Martes zibellina, from cold regions in Eurasia and the North Pacific islands, valued for its dark brown fur (Wikipedia).
sable
(tincture) A black colour on a coat of arms (Wikipedia).
(countable, and, uncountable) A dark brown colour, resembling the fur of some sables.

sablefish sablefish sablefishes n
charbonnier morue charbonnier
A dark-coloured marine fish of species Anoplopoma fimbria, of North American Pacific waters.

sabot /ˈsæboʊ/ /ˈsæbəʊ/ sabots n
sabot
A carrier around a projectile in a firearm, cannon or other type of artillery piece that precisely holds the projectile within the barrel.

sabotage /sæ.bɒˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæ.bəˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/ /ˌsæb.əˈtɑʒ/ sabotages n
sabotage
A deliberate action aimed at weakening someone (or something, a nation, etc) or preventing them from being successful, through subversion, obstruction, disruption, and/or destruction.

sabotage /sæ.bɒˈtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæ.bɒˌtɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæ.bəˌtɑːʒ/ /ˈsæb.əˌtɑʒ/ /ˌsæb.əˈtɑʒ/ v
saboter
To deliberately destroy or damage something in order to prevent it from being successful.

saboteur /ˌsæbəˈtɜː(ɹ)/ /ˌsæbəˈtʊə(ɹ)/ saboteurs n
saboteur saboteuse
A person who intentionally causes the destruction of property in order to hinder the efforts of their enemy.

sabotiere sabotieres n
sorbetière

sabrage /səˈbɹɑːʒ/ n
sabrage

sabre /ˈseɪ.bə(ɹ)/ /ˈseɪ.bɚ/ sabres n
sabre
(UK, Canada) A light sword, sharp along the front edge, part of the back edge, and at the point.
(UK, Canada, fencing) A modern fencing sword modeled after the sabre.

sabre saw sabre saws n
scie sabre
A portable electric jigsaw.

sabre-rattling sabre-rattlings n
bruits de bottes
(idiomatic) A flamboyant display of military power as an implied threat that it might be used.

sabre-toothed tiger sabre-toothed tigers n
tigre à dents de sabre
Any of numerous species of extinct cat-like mammals, of the †Machairodontinae subfamily of the Felidae.

sabretache /-b(ɹ)ə-/ /ˈsaɪ.bə(ɹ)ˌtæʃ/ /ˈsæ-/ sabretaches n
sabretache
(historical) A leather pocket or pouch worn hanging from a cavalry officer’s belt.

saccade /səˈkɑːd/ saccades n
saccade
(rare) A sudden jerking movement.
A rapid jerky movement of the eye (voluntary or involuntary) from one focus to another.
The act of checking a horse quickly with a single strong pull of the reins.

saccharide /ˈsæk.əˌɹaɪd/ /ˈsæk.ɚ.ɪd/ saccharides n
saccharide
(carbohydrate) The unit structure of carbohydrates, of general formula CnH2nOn. Either the simple sugars or polymers such as starch and cellulose. The saccharides exist in either a ring or short chain conformation, and typically contain five or six carbon atoms.

saccharification saccharifications n
saccarification saccharification
(biochemistry) The hydrolysis of soluble polysaccharides to form simple sugars.

saccharify v
saccharifier
(biochemistry, transitive) To convert (soluble polysaccharides) into simple sugars

saccharin /ˈsækəɹɪn/ saccharins n
saccharine
(chemistry) A white, crystalline powder, C7H5NO3S, used as an artificial sweetener in food products.

saccharine /-ɹiːn/ /-ɹən/ /-ɹɪn/ /ˈsækəɹaɪn/ /ˈsækəɹɪn/ /ˈsækɹɪn/ more saccharine most saccharine adj
cucul la praline fleur bleue
(figurative, derogatory) Excessively sweet in action or disposition, especially if romantic or sentimental to the point of ridiculousness; sickly sweet, syrupy.

sacerdotal /ˌsæ.kə(ɹ)ˈdəʊ.təl/ /ˌsæs.ə(ɹ)ˈdəʊ.təl/ more sacerdotal most sacerdotal adj
sacerdotal
(religion) Of or relating to priests or a high religious order; priestly.

sachet /sæˈʃeɪ/ /ˈsæʃeɪ/ sachets n
sachet
(cooking) A cheesecloth bag of herbs and/or spices added during cooking and then removed before serving.
A small, sealed packet containing a single-use quantity of any material.

sack /sæk/ sacks n
sac
A bag; especially a large bag of strong, coarse material for storage and handling of various commodities, such as potatoes, coal, coffee; or, a bag with handles used at a supermarket, a grocery sack; or, a small bag for small items, a satchel.
butin
(uncountable) Loot or booty obtained by pillage.
paquet
(informal) Dismissal from employment, or discharge from a position.
lit pieu
(colloquial, US, literally, or, figurative) Bed.

sack /sæk/ v
saccager
To plunder or pillage, especially after capture; to obtain spoils of war from.
saquer virer
(informal, transitive) To discharge from a job or position; to fire.

sack out v
coucher
(slang) To fall asleep, usually from implied exhaustion.

sack race sack races n
course en sac
(games, racing) A race in which competitors stand in sacks or similar items and try to be the first to jump to the finish line.

sackbut sackbuts n
sacqueboute sacquebute saquebute
(music) A brass instrument from the Renaissance and Baroque Eras, and an ancestor of the modern trombone. It was derived from the medieval slide trumpet.

sackcloth sackcloths n
toile à sac
A coarse hessian style of cloth used to make sacks.

sacral /ˈseɪkɹəl/ /ˈsækɹəl/ more sacral most sacral adj
sacral
(anatomy) Of the sacrum.
Sacred.

sacrament /ˈsækɹəmənt/ sacraments n
sacrement
(Christianity) A sacred act and the attendant ceremony, considered (theology) an outward sign of divine grace.

sacramental sacramentals n
sacramental
(Christianity, chiefly, Roman Catholicism) An object (such as holy water or a crucifix) or an action (such as making the sign of the cross) which is regarded as encouraging devotion and thus spiritually aiding the person who uses it.

sacramentary sacramentaries n
sacramentaire
(Roman Catholicism) An ancient book of the Roman Catholic Church, containing the rites for Mass, the sacraments, etc.

sacred /ˈseɪkɹɪd/ more sacred most sacred adj
sacré saint
Characterized by solemn religious ceremony or religious use, especially, in a positive sense; consecrated, made holy.

sacred cow sacred cows n
vache sacrée monstre sacré
(idiomatic) Something which cannot be tampered with, or criticized, for fear of public outcry. A person, institution, belief system, etc. which, for no reason other than the demands of established social etiquette or popular opinion, should be accorded respect or reverence, and not touched, handled or examined too closely.

sacred lotus sacred lotuses n
lotus sacré
Nelumbo nucifera, native in temperate and subtropical Asia, from India to Japan.

sacredness sacrednesses n
sacralité
The property of being sacred.

sacrificatory more sacrificatory most sacrificatory adj
sacrificatoire
of or relating to sacrifice

sacrifice /ˈsækɹɪfaɪs/ /ˈsækɹɪfaɪz/ sacrifices n
sacrifice offrande
The offering of anything to a god; a consecratory rite.
sacrifice
Something sacrificed.

sacrifice /ˈsækɹɪfaɪs/ /ˈsækɹɪfaɪz/ v
sacrifier
(ambitransitive) To offer (something) as a gift to a deity.
(transitive) To trade (a value of higher worth) for something of lesser worth in order to gain something else valued more, such as an ally or business relationship, or to avoid an even greater loss; to sell without profit to gain something other than money.

sacrificer sacrificers n
sacrificateur sacrificatrice
Someone who sacrifices, one who makes a sacrifice.

sacrificial /ˈsæk.ɹə.fɪʃ.əl/ /ˈsæk.ɹɪ.fɪʃ.əl/ adj
sacrificiel
Relating to sacrifice

sacrilege /ˈsækɹəlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsækɹɪlɪd͡ʒ/ sacrileges n
sacrilège
Desecration, profanation, misuse or violation of something regarded as sacred.

sacrilegious /sæk.ɹəˈlid͡ʒəs/ /sæk.ɹəˈlɪd͡ʒ.əs/ more sacrilegious most sacrilegious adj
sacrilège
Committing sacrilege; acting or speaking very disrespectfully toward what is held to be sacred.

sacrilegiously more sacrilegiously most sacrilegiously adv
sacrilégement
In a sacrilegious manner; done without proper respect.

sacristan /ˈsækɹɪstən/ sacristans n
sacristain sacristaine
The person who maintains the sacristy and the sacred objects it contains.

sacristy sacristies n
sacristie
A room in a church where sacred vessels, books, vestments, etc. are kept. Sometimes also used by clergy to prepare for worship or for meetings.

sacrosanct /ˈsæk.ɹoʊˌsæŋkt/ more sacrosanct most sacrosanct adj
sacrosaint sacro-saint
Beyond alteration, criticism, or interference, especially due to religious sanction; inviolable.
Sacred, very holy.

sacrum sacra sacrums n
sacrum
(anatomy) A large triangular bone at the base of the spine, located between the two ilia (wings of the pelvis) and formed from vertebrae that fuse in adulthood.

sacré bleu interjection
sacre bleu sacrebleu
(dated, or, jocular, hyperforeign) An expression of surprise, exasperation, or dismay; good heavens; oh my gosh.

sad /sæd/ more sad most sad sadder saddest adj
triste
Feeling sorrow; sorrowful, mournful.
Causing sorrow; lamentable.

sadden /ˈsædən/ v
attrister
(transitive) To make sad or unhappy.

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ /ˈsædl̩/ saddles n
selle
A seat for a rider, typically made of leather and raised in the front and rear, placed on the back of a horse or other animal, and secured by a strap around the animal's body.
The immovable seat of a bicycle, motorcycle, or similar vehicle.
A low point, in the shape of a saddle, between two hills.

saddle /ˈsæd(ə)l/ /ˈsædl̩/ v
seller
To put (something) on to another thing like a saddle on an animal.
To put something on to (another thing) like a saddle on an animal.

saddle point saddle points n
point col
(geometry) A point in the range of a smooth function, every neighbourhood of which contains points on each side of its tangent plane.

saddle tree saddle trees n
arçon
The base on which the rest of the saddle is built. Usually based on wood or a similar synthetic material, it is eventually covered in leather or a leatherlike synthetic. The tree size determines its fit on the horse's back as well as the size of the seat for the rider.

saddle-backed bush cricket saddle-backed bush crickets n
éphippigère des vignes
Ephippiger ephippiger, a primarily insectivorous bushcricket common to southwestern Europe.

saddlebag /ˈsædəlˌbæɡ/ saddlebags n
sacoche
A covered pouch, usually one of a pair, laid across the back of a horse, donkey, or mule behind its saddle, or hanging over the rear wheel of a motorcycle; often made of leather or (on a motorcycle) a rigid material.

saddlecloth saddlecloths n
chabraque

saddler /ˈsadlə/ /ˈsædlɚ/ saddlers n
sellier bourrelier
Someone who makes, repairs and sells saddles, harnesses etc.

sadism /ˈseɪdɪzəm/ sadisms n
sadisme
Achievement of sexual gratification by inflicting pain or humiliation on others, or watching pain or humiliation inflicted on others.
(loosely) Deliberate or wanton cruelty, either mental or physical, to other people, or to animals, regardless of whether for (sexual) gratification.

sadist /ˈseɪdɪst/ /ˈsædɪst/ sadists n
sadique sadiste
One who derives pleasure through cruelty or pain to others.

sadistic /səˈdɪstɪk/ more sadistic most sadistic adj
sadique
Of behaviour which gives pleasure in the pain or humiliation of others.

sadly /ˈsædli/ more sadly most sadly sadlier sadliest adv
tristement
In a sad manner; sorrowfully.

sadness /ˈsædnəs/ sadnesses n
tristesse
(uncountable) The state or emotion of being sad.
malheur
(countable) An event in one's life that causes sadness.

sadomasochism /seɪdəʊˈmæsəkɪzəm/ sadomasochisms n
sadomasochisme
The practices of sadism and masochism collectively, usually in reference to consensual practices within the BDSM community.

safari /səˈfɑːɹ.i/ safaris n
safari
A trip into any undeveloped area to see, photograph or hunt wild animals in their own environment.

safari park safari parks n
parc safari
a commercial tourist attraction, similar to a zoo, in which visitors drive through animal enclosures

safe /seɪf/ more safe most safe safer safest adj
sauf en sécurité
Not in danger; out of harm's reach.
sûr sans danger
Free from risk.
sûr
Providing protection from danger; providing shelter.
sauf
(baseball) When a batter successfully reaches first base, or when a baserunner successfully advances to the next base or returns to the base he last occupied; not out.
en lieu sûr en sécurité à l'abri
Properly secured.

safe /seɪf/ safes n
coffre-fort coffre
A box, usually made of metal, in which valuables can be locked for safekeeping.

safe and sound adj
sain et sauf
Having come to no harm, especially after being exposed to danger.

safe mode n
mode de sécurité
(computing) A troubleshooting mode of many operating systems in which most advanced functions are not activated.

safe sex n
rapports sexuels protégés sécuri-sexe
Sexual activity engaged in by people who have taken precautions to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).

safe space safe spaces n
espace sûr
(sociology) A place or domain serving as a tolerant environment for people (especially a marginalized group) where they do not face harassment, criticism, scrutiny, etc.; especially one in which participants are understood to share a given political or social viewpoint. [from 20th c.]

safe travels /ˈseɪf ˈtɹævəlz/ interjection
bonne route

safe-conduct safe-conducts n
sauf-conduit
A document that grants safe passage through enemy territory in times of war.

safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑː(ɹ)d/ v
protéger
To protect, to keep safe.

safely /ˈseɪfli/ more safely most safely adv
prudemment
In a safe manner; without risk; using caution above all else.
en toute sécurité
In a secure manner; without the possibility of injury or harm resulting.

safety /ˈseɪfti/ safeties n
sécurité sûreté
The condition or feeling of being safe; security; certainty.

safety catch safety catches n
cran d'arrêt
A latching device that prevents accidental activation of a dangerous event; an interlock.

safety cushion safety cushions n
matelas de sécurité poire pour la soif

safety glass safety glasses n
verre de sécurité
Any type of glass, such as toughened glass, laminated glass or wire mesh glass, with additional safety features that make it less likely to break, or less likely to pose a threat when broken.

safety net safety nets n
filet de sécurité
A large net placed horizontally beneath performing aerialists such as trapeze artists or tightrope walkers, intended to catch a performer who falls and to protect him or her from harm.
(figuratively, by extension) Anything, such as a governmental program, that provides security against extreme disadvantage or misfortune.

safety pin safety pins n
épingle de sûreté épingle à nourrice
(sewing) A pin in the form of a clasp, which has a guard to cover the sharp point; used to join two pieces of fabric, etc., together temporarily.

safety shoe safety shoes n
chaussure de sécurité
a shoe with a reinforced toecap which protects the wearer's foot from accidental injury.

safety valve /ˈseɪfti ˌvælv/ /ˈseɪftɪ ˌvælv/ safety valves n
soupape d'échappement soupape de décompression soupape de sécurité
A valve set to open at a pressure below that at which a container holding a gas, vapour, etc. (such as a boiler or pressure cooker), would burst, thus reducing the pressure; a relief valve.

safflower /ˈsæfˌlaʊə(ɹ)/ safflowers n
carthame des teinturiers
A cultivated thistle-like plant, Carthamus tinctorius, family Asteraceae, now grown mainly for its oil.

saffron /ˈsæfəɹn/ /ˈsæfɹən/ saffrons n
safran
The plant Crocus sativus, a crocus.
A spice (seasoning) and colouring agent made from the stigma and part of the style of the plant, sometimes or formerly also used as a dye and insect repellent.
An orange-yellow colour, the colour of a lion's pelt.

saffron milk cap saffron milk caps n
barigoule catalan lactaire délicieux
Lactarius deliciosus, an edible mushroom native to Europe.

sag /sæɡ/ sags n
flèche
The difference in elevation of a wire, cable, chain or rope suspended between two consecutive points.

sag /sæɡ/ v
ployer s'affaisser
(figuratively) To lose firmness, elasticity, vigor, or a thriving state; to sink; to droop; to flag; to bend; to yield, as the mind or spirits, under the pressure of care, trouble, doubt, or the like; to be unsettled or unbalanced.

saga /ˈsɑːɡə/ sagas n
saga
An Old Norse (Icelandic) prose narrative, especially one dealing with family or social histories and legends.
Something with the qualities of such a saga; an epic, a long story.

sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/ more sagacious most sagacious adj
sagace
Having or showing keen discernment, sound judgment, and farsightedness; mentally shrewd.

sagapenum sagapenums n
sagapénum
A yellow to brown bitter gum that derives from plants of the genus Ferula.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sager sagest adj
sage
wise.

sage /seɪd͡ʒ/ sages n
sage
A wise person or spiritual teacher; someone of gravity and wisdom, especially, a teacher venerable for years, and of sound judgment and prudence; a grave or stoic philosopher.
sauge
The plant Salvia officinalis and savory spice produced from it; also planted for ornamental purposes.
Any plant in the genus Salvia
Any of a number of plants such as sagebrush considered to be similar to Salvia officinalis, mostly because they are small shrubs and have gray foliage or are aromatic.

sage grouse sage grouse sage grouses n
tétras des armoises
A large grouse of western North America having mottled gray, black and buff plumage (Centrocercus urophasianus) which feeds on the buds of the sagebrush.

saggar /ˈsæɡ.ə/ /ˈsæɡ.ɚ/ saggars n
gazette
A ceramic container used inside a fuel-fired kiln to protect pots from the flame.

sagination saginations n
engraissement sagination
The act of saginating; fattening.

sagittal suture sagittal sutures n
suture sagittale
A dense, fibrous connective tissue joint between the two parietal bones of the skull.

sago sagoes sagos n
sagou
A powdered starch obtained from certain palms (Metroxylon spp., esp. Metroxylon sagu), used as a flour and food thickener and for sizing textiles.
sagoutier
Any of the palms from which sago is extracted.

sagum saga sagums n
sayon
(historical) A cloak, worn in ancient times by the Gauls, early Germans, and Roman soldiers, made of a rectangular piece of (usually red) coarse cloth and fastened on the right shoulder.

saibling /ˈsaɪblɪŋ/ /ˈzaɪblɪŋ/ saiblings n
omble chevalier
A char of Europe (Salvelinus alpinus), also called Arctic char.

said /seɪd/ adj
dit
Mentioned earlier; aforesaid.

said /seɪd/ determiner
ledit
Mentioned earlier; aforesaid.

said and done adj
dit et fait
Agreed to and accomplished or finished.

saiga saigas n
saïga
Saiga tatarica, an antelope which inhabits a vast area between Kalmykia, Kazakhstan, southern Siberia.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] sails n
voile aile kiosque massif
(nautical) A piece of fabric attached to a boat and arranged such that it causes the wind to drive the boat along. The sail may be attached to the boat via a combination of mast, spars and ropes.
voile
(uncountable) The power harnessed by a sail or sails, or the use of this power for travel or transport.
balade en mer balade en voilier
A trip in a boat, especially a sailboat.
kiosque massif
A tower-like structure found on the dorsal (topside) surface of submarines.
flotteur pneumatophore
The floating organ of siphonophores, such as the Portuguese man-of-war.

sail /seɪl/ [seɪ̯ɫ] v
naviguer faire de la voile faire du bateau gouverner voguer
To ride in a boat, especially a sailboat.
voler naviguer
To move briskly and gracefully through the air.

sailboard sailboards n
planche à voile
A recreational device consisting of a surfboard with a small sail on a flexible mast.

sailboat /ˈseɪlˌboʊt/ /ˈseɪlˌbəʊt/ sailboats n
voilier cotre
A boat propelled by a sail.

sailcloth sailcloths n
toile à voile
A strong, durable fabric suitable for making sails for ships or boats.

sailfish sailfish sailfishes n
espadon-voilier voilier
A fish of the genus Istiophorus, having a characteristic sail-like fin on its back.

sailing /ˈseɪ.lɪŋ/ sailings n
navigation la voile navigation à voile
Motion across a body of water in a craft powered by the wind, as a sport or otherwise

sailing ship sailing ships n
voilier
A ship with masts and sails, powered by the wind.

sailmaker sailmakers n
voilier
One whose occupation is to make or repair sails.

sailor /ˈseɪ.lə/ /ˈseɪ.lɚ/ sailors n
marin matelot femme marin femme matelot femme-marin femme-matelot
A member of the crew of a vessel; a mariner; a common seaman.

sailoress sailoresses n
matelote
(rare, dated) A female sailor.

saimiri saimiris n
saïmiri
Any member of Saimiri, a taxonomic genus of South American arboreal monkeys comprising the squirrel monkeys.

sainfoin /ˈseɪnfɔɪn/ /ˈsænfɔɪn/ sainfoins n
sainfoin
A perennial herb of the genus Onobrychis with pale pink flowers, especially Onobrychis viciifolia (syn. Onobrychis sativa).

saint /seɪnt/ /sən(t)/ [sn̩(t)] [sɨn(t)] saints n
saint sainte
(religion, generally) A deceased person whom a church or another religious group has officially recognised as especially holy or godly; one eminent for piety and virtue.
(Mormonism, specifically) Alternative letter-case form of Saint (“a Mormon, a Latter-day Saint”)
(figuratively, by extension) A person with similarly overwhelming positive qualities; one who does good.

saintess saintesses n
sainte
A female saint.

sainthood sainthoods n
sainteté
the state of being a saint

saker /ˈseɪkə/ /ˈseɪkɚ/ sakers n
faucon sacre
A falcon (Falco cherrug) native of Southern Europe and Asia.

saké /ˈsækeɪ/ /ˈsæki/ /ˈsɑːkeɪ/ /ˈsɑːki/ sakés n
saké
Rice wine; a drink made from filtered fermented rice.

sal ammoniac n
salmiac
(mineral) a rare mineral composed of ammonium chloride found around volcanic fumaroles and guano deposits.

salaam interjection
salam
A respectful ceremonial greeting used mostly in Islamic countries.

salaam alaikum /səˈlɑːm əˌleɪkʊm/ interjection
as-salam alaykum
(Islam) A greeting said on meeting someone.

salacious /səˈleɪ.ʃəs/ more salacious most salacious adj
salace
Promoting sexual desire or lust.
Lascivious, bawdy, obscene, lewd.

salacity salacities n
salacité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being salacious; lewdness, obscenity, bawdiness.

salad /ˈsæləd/ /ˈsælɪd/ /ˈsælɪt/ salads n
salade
A food made primarily of a mixture of raw or cold ingredients, typically vegetables, usually served with a dressing such as vinegar or mayonnaise.

salad bar salad bars n
saladerie
A kind of buffet for salad, and cold food.

salad bowl salad bowls n
saladier
A bowl used for tossing and serving salad.

salad fork salad forks n
fourchette à salade
A fork intended for use when eating salad, often shorter than a usual dinner fork and sometimes having one of the outer tines shaped differently.

salad spinner salad spinners n
essoreuse à salade
A tool using centrifugal force to wash and dry salad

salamander /ˈsæləˌmændə/ /ˈsæləˌmændɚ/ /ˈsæləˌmɑːndə/ salamanders n
salamandre
A long, slender, chiefly terrestrial amphibian of the order Caudata, superficially resembling a lizard.
(mythology) A creature much like a lizard that is resistant to and lives in fire (in which it is often depicted in heraldry), hence the elemental being of fire.
(cooking) A metal utensil with a flat head which is heated and put over a dish to brown the top.
(cooking) A small broiler (North America) or grill (Britain) that heats the food from above, used in professional cookery primarily for browning.

salami [səˈlɑːmɪ] salamis n
salami
A large cured meat sausage of Italian origin, served in slices.

salami tactics n
saucissonnage tactique du salami
The piecemeal removal or scaling back of something (especially political opposition); a gradual attack on an opposing position, group, etc.

salami technique salami techniques n
politique du saucissonnage
The reaching of a goal by using small, consistent steps.

salariat salariats n
salariat
(economics) Salary earners as a class or group, often as opposed to wage earners.

salary /ˈsæl.ə.ɹi/ /ˈsæl.ɚ.i/ salaries n
salaire
A fixed amount of money paid to a worker, usually calculated on a monthly or annual basis, not hourly, as wages. Implies a degree of professionalism and/or autonomy.

salaryman /ˈsæl.əɹ.i.mæn/ salarymen n
salaryman
An employee, a worker; now especially a Japanese white-collar worker who works long hours and has an insignificant position within the corporate hierarchy. [from 18th c.]

salat /səˈlɑːt/ salats n
salat
(Islam) The obligatory prayer that Muslims are called to perform five times a day.

salbutamol /salˈbjuː.tə.mɒl/ /sælˈbju.təˌmɔl/ n
salbutamol
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic beta-agonist bronchodilator related to aspirin, administered in the form of its sulfate (C13H21NO3)2·H2SO4 as an inhalational aerosol or as a tablet to treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It is marketed under the trademarks Combivent, Proventil and Ventolin.

sale /seɪl/ sales n
vente
An exchange of goods or services for currency or credit.
soldes liquidation
(Short for discount sale) The sale of goods at reduced prices.
vente vente aux enchères
The act of putting up for auction to the highest bidder.

saleable /ˈseɪləbl̩/ more saleable most saleable adj
vendable
Suitable for sale; marketable; worth enough to try to sell.

sales pitch sales pitches n
bagou
Talk or demonstrations intended to persuade a consumer to make a purchase, especially when vigorously delivered or exaggerated.

sales representative sales representatives n
commercial délégué commercial

sales tax sales taxes n
taxe de vente taxe sur la vente
A local or state tax imposed as a percentage of the selling price of goods or services payable by the customer. The tax is not recognized as the seller's earnings; the seller only collects the tax and transmits the same to local or state authorities.

salesforce salesforces n
force de vente
A team of salespeople.

salesman salesmen n
vendeur
A man whose job it is to sell things, either in a shop/store or elsewhere.

salesperson salespeople salespersons n
vendeur vendeuse
A person whose job is to sell things, either in a shop/store or elsewhere.

saleswoman saleswomen n
vendeuse
A woman whose occupation it is to sell things.

salicylic acid n
acide salicylique
(organic compound) A white crystalline organic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, C6H4(OH)(COOH), used in the production of aspirin and other industrial chemicals.

salience /ˈseɪ.li.əns/ /ˈsæɪ.li.əns/ [ˈseɪ̯.li.əns] [ˈsæɪ̯.li.əns] saliences n
prégnance saillance
The condition of being salient.
saillance
A highlight; perceptual prominence, or likelihood of being noticed.
(social sciences, linguistics) Relative importance based on context.

salient /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈseɪ.ljənt/ /ˈsæɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈsæɪ.ljənt/ more salient most salient adj
pertinent
Worthy of note; pertinent or relevant.
saillant
Prominent; conspicuous.

salient /ˈseɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈseɪ.ljənt/ /ˈsæɪ.li.ənt/ /ˈsæɪ.ljənt/ salients n
saillant saillie
(geography) A protrusion of the administrative borders of a geopolitical entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state into another geopolitical entity, generally of the same administrative level.

saline /ˈseɪ.laɪn/ /ˈseɪliːn/ more saline most saline adj
salin
Containing salt; salty.

saline solution saline solutions n
saline solution physiologique sérum physiologique
A solution composed of sodium chloride (NaCl) and water.

salinity /seɪˈlɪnəti/ salinities n
salinité
(chemistry) The concentration of salt in a solution.

salinize /ˈsælɪnaɪz/ v
saliniser
(ambitransitive) to become or render salty

saliva /səˈlaɪvə/ salivae salivas salivæ n
salive
(physiology) A clear, slightly alkaline liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands, consisting of water, mucin, protein, and enzymes. It moistens the mouth, lubricates ingested food, and begins the breakdown of starches.

salivary /səˈlaɪvəɹi/ /ˈsælɪvəɹi/ /ˈsælɪˌvɛɹi/ adj
salivaire
Relating to saliva.

salivary gland salivary glands n
glande salivaire
(anatomy) Any of several exocrine glands that produce saliva to break down carbohydrates in food enzymatically.

salivate /ˈsælɪveɪt/ v
saliver
(intransitive) To produce saliva.
baver saliver
(intransitive) To show eager anticipation at the expectation of something.

salivation salivations n
salivation
The process of producing saliva; drooling.

sallet /ˈsælɪt/ sallets n
salade
(historical) A type of light spherical helmet.

sallow /ˈsæ.ləʊ/ sallower sallowest adj
cireux jaunâtre
(of skin) Yellowish.

sallow /ˈsæ.ləʊ/ sallows n
saule
A European willow, Salix caprea, that has broad leaves, large catkins and tough wood.

sally /ˈsæli/ sallies n
saillie
A sortie of troops from a besieged place against an enemy.

salmi salmis n
salmis
(rare) A rich stew or ragout, especially of game.

salmon /ˈsalmon/ /ˈsalmən/ /ˈsælmən/ /ˈsæmən/ /ˈsɑmən/ salmon salmons n
saumon
A meal or dish made from this fish.
(plural salmons) A pale pinkish-orange colour, the colour of cooked salmon.

salmon shark salmon sharks n
requin saumon requin-taupe du Pacifique
A mackerel shark of species Lamna ditropis.

salmonella /ˌsæl.məˈnɛl.ə/ /ˌsæməˈnɛlə/ salmonellae salmonellas n
salmonelle
Any of the serotypes of the two species of rod-shaped bacteria, of the genus Salmonella, especially Salmonella enterica, that cause typhoid fever and salmonellosis, manifest as food poisoning and other diseases.

salmonellosis salmonelloses n
salmonellose
(pathology) Any of several diseases caused by infection with Salmonella bacteria

salo n
salo
a type of fatback, or non-rendered underskin pig fat consumed in Central and Eastern Europe, usually seasoned

salon /səˈlɒn/ /ˈsælɒn/ salons n
salle
salon
A large room, especially one used to receive and entertain guests.
institut de beauté salon de beauté salon de coiffure
A beauty salon or similar establishment.

saloon /səˈlun/ saloons n
saloon
(US) A tavern, especially in an American Old West setting.

salpingoplasty salpingoplasties n
salpingoplastie

salsa /ˈsæl.sə/ /ˈsɑl.sə/ salsas n
salsa sauce salsa
(countable) A spicy tomato sauce, often including onions and hot peppers.
salsa
(uncountable, music) A style of urban music originally from New York heavily influenced by Cuban dance music, jazz and rock.
(countable, dance) Any of several dances performed to salsa music.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] more salt most salt adj
salin sel
Of water: containing salt, saline.
salé sel
Treated with salt as a preservative; cured with salt, salted.

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] salts n
sel
A common substance, chemically consisting mainly of sodium chloride (NaCl), used extensively as a condiment and preservative.
(chemistry) One of the compounds formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, where a positive ion replaces a hydrogen of the acid.
(cryptography) Randomly chosen bytes added to a plaintext message prior to encrypting or hashing it, in order to render brute-force decryption more difficult.
loup de mer
(slang) A sailor (also old salt).

salt /sɑlt/ /sɒlt/ /sɔlt/ /sɔːlt/ [sɑɫt] [sɑɫʔ] [sɔɯ̯t] v
saler épicer
(mining) To blast metal into (as a portion of a mine) in order to cause to appear to be a productive seam.

salt cellar salt cellars n
salière

salt cod salt cods n
morue salée
cod that has been dried and salted

salt dough salt doughs n
pâte à sel
A modelling material made from a mixture of flour, salt, and water.

salt lake /ˈsɔːlt ˌleɪk/ salt lakes n
lac salé
A landlocked body of water with a high concentration of salts and other dissolved minerals.

salt lick salt licks n
pierre à lécher
A block of salt, often enriched with other minerals, licked by herd animals to supplement their diet.

salt marsh salt marshes n
marais salant schorre
A marsh of saline water, found in the intertidal zone between land and sea, characterized by halophytic plants such as grasses and sedges adapted to periodic flooding with salt water.

salt marsh hay salt marsh hays n
spartine étalée
Saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens), a species of cordgrass native to the Atlantic coast of the Americas, from Newfoundland south to the Caribbean and northeast Mexico.

salt mine salt mines n
mine de sel
Any mine used for the extraction of salt.

salt of the earth n
sel de la Terre
(idiomatic) A person or group of people considered to represent the most decent and admirable parts of humanity.

salt shaker salt shakers n
salière

salt water salt waters n
eau salée
Any water containing dissolved salt; brine.

saltatorial adj
sauteur

saltbush /ˈsɒltbʊʃ/ /ˈsɔːltˌbʊʃ/ saltbushes n
arroche bonne-dame
Any of the genus Atriplex of plants, especially Atriplex hortensis or Atriplex patula, found in dry habitats, that have edible leaves resembling spinach, including many desert and seashore plants and halophytes.

salter salters n
saunier saunière
One who makes, sells, or applies salt.

saltiness saltinesses n
salure
The property of being, or tasting, salty.

saltless adj
sans sel
free of salt

saltspoon saltspoons n
cuillère à sel
(historical) A small spoon used for serving or measuring salt, equivalent to ⅛ teaspoon.

saltwater crocodile saltwater crocodiles n
crocodile de mer crocodile marin crocodile à double crête
A very large aquatic carnivorous crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), from Australia and South-East Asia

salty /ˈsɒl.ti/ saltier saltiest adj
salé
Tasting of salt.
vénère
(slang) Irritated, annoyed, angry, bitter, bitchy.

salty dog salty dogs n
chaud lapin
(US, slang, dated) A sexually promiscuous man; a male sexual partner.

salubrious /səˈl(j)uː.bɹi.əs/ /səˈlu.bɹi.əs/ more salubrious most salubrious adj
salubre
Promoting health or well-being; wholesome, especially relating to food or air.

salubrity salubrities n
salubrité
The quality of being salubrious or invigorating.

salutary /ˈsaljʊtəɹi/ /ˈsæljətɛɹi/ more salutary most salutary adj
bienfaisant
salutaire
Promoting good health and physical well-being; wholesome; curative.

salutation /ˌsæljuˈteɪʃən/ /ˌsæljəˈteɪʃən/ salutations n
titre
A greeting, salute, or address; a hello.
The act of greeting.
(obsolete) Quickening; excitement.

salute /səˈl(j)uːt/ /səˈlut/ v
saluer faire un salut

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ salvages n
épave
sauvetage
The rescue of a ship, its crew and passengers or its cargo from a hazardous situation.
rescapé
The ship, crew or cargo so rescued.
récompense
The compensation paid to the rescuers.
récupération
(sometimes, attributive) Anything put to good use that would otherwise have been wasted, such as damaged goods.

salvage /ˈsælvɪd͡ʒ/ v
sauver recycler récupérer secourir
(transitive, of discarded goods) to put to use.
réutiliser
(transitive) To make new or restore for the use of being saved.

salvageable more salvageable most salvageable adj
récupérable sauvable
Capable of being salvaged, saved or repaired. Worth rescuing and keeping rather discarding or replacing.

salvation /sælˈveɪʃən/ salvations n
salut
The process of being restored or made new for the purpose of becoming saved; the process of being rid of the old poor quality conditions and becoming improved.

salvationist adj
salutiste
Relating to the doctrine of salvation.

salvationist salvationists n
salutiste
A person who adheres to the doctrine of salvation.

salve /sæ(l)v/ /sælv/ /sɑːv/ salves n
pommade baume onguent
An ointment, cream, or balm with soothing, healing, or calming effects.
baume
Any remedy or action that soothes or heals.

salvo /ˈsælvoʊ/ /ˈsælvəʊ/ salvoes salvos n
salve
(military) A concentrated fire from pieces of artillery, as in endeavoring to make a break in a fortification; a volley.

samana /sɑːˌmɑːnɑː/ /səˌmɑːnə/ samanas n
samana samanéen samanéenne shramana
(religion) An ascetic, (especially) an ascetic monk who ignores the Vedas in Buddhist and Indian contexts.

samara /səˈmɛrə/ /səˈmɛərə/ /ˈsæmərə/ samarae samaras n
samare
The winged indehiscent fruit of trees such as the ash, elm or maple.

samarium /səˈmæɹɪəm/ n
samarium
A chemical element (symbol Sm) with an atomic number of 62, a moderately hard silvery metal that slowly oxidizes in air.

samba /ˈsɑmbə/ sambas n
samba
A Brazilian ballroom dance or dance style.

sambadrome /ˈsæmbədɹəʊm/ sambadromes n
sambodrome
In Brazil, a building or place where samba schools parade during the period of Carnival.

sambo pn
sambo
A Russian martial art and combat sport.

sambuca /samˈbjuːkə/ /sæmˈb(j)ukə/ sambucae sambucas n
sambuque
(musical instruments) An ancient form of triangular harp having a very sharp, shrill tone.

sambuca /samˈbʊkə/ /sæmˈbukə/ sambucas n
sambuca
An Italian liqueur made from elderberries and flavoured with licorice, traditionally served with 3 coffee beans that represent health, wealth and fortune (or past, present and future).

sambuseh sambuseh sambusehs n
sambuseh

same /seɪm/ /seːm/ [seːm] [sɛːm] adj
même
Not different or other; not another or others; not different as regards self; selfsame; identical.
Similar, alike.

same /seɪm/ /seːm/ [seːm] [sɛːm] pronoun
même pareil
Something similar, something of the identical type.

same old story n
la routine métro, boulot, dodo
(idiomatic) What usually happens; an occurrence that is tediously familiar.

same sex n
même sexe
The same gender to which one is referring, often when referring to oneself.

same to you phraseologicalUnit
de même pareil
I wish to you what you have just wished to me.

same-sex adj
de même sexe
Restricted to members of a single sex.

samekh samekhs n
samekh samèkh
The 15th letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician. Aramaic. Hebrew. Syriac. And many others).

samizdat /səmɪzˈdæt/ /ˈsæmɪzdæt/ samizdats n
samizdat
(uncountable, often, attributive) The secret copying and sharing of illegal publications, chiefly in the Soviet Union; underground publishing and its publications. [from 1950s.]
(countable) A samizdat publication.

samosa samosas n
samoussa
A snack, of South Asian origin, consisting of a deep-fried triangular turnover filled with vegetables (especially potatoes) or meat.

samovar samovars n
samovar
A metal urn with a spigot, for boiling water for making tea. Traditionally, the water is heated by hot coals or charcoal in a chimney-like tube which runs through the center of the urn. Today, it is more likely that the water is heated by an electric coil.

sampan /ˈsæm.pæn/ sampans n
sampan
A flat-bottomed Chinese wooden boat propelled by two oars.

samphire /ˈsæm.faɪ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæm.fə(ɹ)/ samphires n
inule fausse criste inule perce-pierre
Golden samphire (Inula crithmoides, now Limbarda crithmoides).
salicorne
Marsh samphire, glasswort (genus Salicornia), a plant once burned to produce ash used to make soda glass.
Rock samphire (Crithmum maritimum).

sample /ˈsaːm.pəl/ /ˈsæm.pəl/ /ˈsæːm.pəl/ /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ [ˈsäːmpɯ] [ˈsɛəmpəɫ] samples n
échantillon exemple extrait
A part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole; a specimen.

sample /ˈsaːm.pəl/ /ˈsæm.pəl/ /ˈsæːm.pəl/ /ˈsɑːm.pəl/ [ˈsäːmpɯ] [ˈsɛəmpəɫ] v
goûter échantillonner
(transitive) To take or to test a sample or samples of.

sample space sample spaces n
univers
(probability theory) The set of all possible outcomes of a game, experiment or other situation.

sampling samplings n
échantillon
échantillonnage prélèvement
The process or technique of obtaining a representative sample.

samsara /sʌmˈsɑɹə/ samsaras n
samsara samsâra
(philosophy, religion) In Jainism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and some other eastern religions, the ongoing cycle of birth, death, and rebirth endured by human beings and all other mortal beings, and from which release is obtained by achieving the highest enlightenment.

samurai /ˈsæm(j)ʊɹaɪ/ /ˈsæməˌɹaɪ/ samurai samurais n
samouraï
In feudal Japan, a soldier who served a daimyo.

san sans n
san
A letter of the Archaic Greek alphabet (uppercase Ϻ, lowercase ϻ) that came after pi and before qoppa.

sanatorium /ˌsænəˈtɔɹiəm/ sanatoria sanatoriums n
sanatorium
An institution that treats chronic diseases, and provides supervised recuperation and convalescence.

sanctification /saŋktɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ sanctifications n
sanctification
(theology) The (usually gradual or uncompleted) process by which a Christian believer is made holy through the action of the Holy Spirit.

sanctifier sanctifiers n
sanctificateur sanctificatrice
One who sanctifies (makes holy).

sanctify /ˈsæŋk.tɪ.faɪ/ v
sanctifier consacrer
(transitive) To make holy; to consecrate; to set aside for sacred or ceremonial use.

sanctimonious /ˌsæŋk.təˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.təˈməʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈmoʊ.ni.əs/ /ˌsæŋk.tɪˈməʊ.ni.əs/ more sanctimonious most sanctimonious adj
hypocrite bigot confit en dévotion faux dévot tartuffe
Making a show of being morally better than others, especially hypocritically pious.

sanctimoniously more sanctimoniously most sanctimoniously adv
cagotement
In a sanctimonious manner.

sanctimony /ˈsæŋk.təˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.təˌməʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌmoʊ.ni/ /ˈsæŋk.tɪˌməʊ.ni/ sanctimonies n
tartuferie
A hypocritical form of excessive piety, considered to be an affectation merely for public show.

sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/ sanctions n
approbation validation
An approval, by an authority, generally one that makes something valid.
sanction
A penalty, punishment, or some coercive measure, intended to ensure compliance; especially one adopted by several nations, or by an international body.
décret sanction
A law, treaty, or contract, or a clause within a law, treaty, or contract, specifying any of the above.

sanction /ˈsæŋkʃən/ v
sanctionner approuver autoriser ratifier
(transitive) To give official authorization or approval to; to countenance.
sanctionner
(transitive) To penalize (a state etc.) with sanctions.

sanctuary /ˈsæŋktjʊəɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈsæŋkt͡ʃʊəɹi/ sanctuaries n
refuge
A place of safety, refuge, or protection.
réserve
An area set aside for protection.
asile
A state of being protected, asylum.
sanctuaire
The consecrated (or sacred) area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar.

sanctuary city sanctuary cities n
ville sanctuaire
In the United States and Canada, a city that allows undocumented immigrants to live and work without being arrested and deported by local authorities.

sanctum sanctorum n
saint des saints
The Holy of Holies in the Jewish temple.

sand /sænd/ adj
sable
Of a light beige colour, like that of typical sand.

sand /sænd/ sands n
plage sable
(countable, often, _, in the plural) A beach or other mass of sand.
(countable, figurative) A moment or interval of time; the term or extent of one's life (referring to the sand in an hourglass).
sable
(uncountable) Rock that is ground more finely than gravel, but is not as fine as silt (more formally, see grain sizes chart), forming beaches and deserts and also used in construction.
cran
(uncountable, dated) Personal courage.
teinte sable ton sable
A light beige colour, like that of typical sand.

sand /sænd/ v
poncer sabler
(transitive) To abrade the surface of (something) with sand or sandpaper in order to smooth or clean it.
sabler
(transitive) To cover with sand.

sand cat sand cats n
chat des sables
A small wild cat, Felis margarita, distributed over African and Asian deserts.

sand crab sand crabs n
crabe-taupe
A crab of the Hippoidea superfamily of decapod crustaceans, living in sandy habitats.

sand down v
poncer
(transitive) To treat or polish with sandpaper.

sand dune sand dunes n
dune de sable
(geology) A large, semi-permanent mound of windblown sand, held together by specialized plants, common along seashores and in deserts.

sand lance sand lances n
anguille de sable lançon équille
Any of the slender fish of the family Ammodytidae.

sand lizard sand lizards n
lézard des souches
especially, Lacerta agilis, a lizard distributed across most of Europe and eastwards to Mongolia.

sand nigger sand niggers n
beur
(derogatory, offensive, ethnic slur) A person of Middle Eastern or North African descent.

sandal /ˈsændəl/ sandals n
sandale
A type of open shoe made up of straps or bands holding a sole to the foot

sandalwood /ˈsandəlwʊd/ sandalwoods n
santal
Any of various tropical trees of the genus Santalum, native or long naturalized in India, Australia, Hawaii, and many south Pacific islands.
santal bois de santal
The aromatic heartwood of these trees used in ornamental carving, in the construction of insect-repellent boxes and chests, and as a source of certain perfumes.

sandbag sandbags n
sac de sable
A small bag filled with sand and used as a cudgel.

sandbank sandbanks n
banc de sable
A ridge of sand along a shore that is partially or totally submerged and thus a hazard to shipping.

sandblast /ˈsænd.blɑːst/ v
sabler
To spray with fast-moving solid grains (such as sand propelled by compressed air, although softer material like sodium bicarbonate used for delicate materials may also be so referred to). The process is used for stripping dirt, rust, paint etc. from the surface of objects.

sandbox /ˈsændbɑks/ /ˈsændbɒks/ sandboxes n
bac à sable
(US) A children's play area consisting of a box filled with sand.
bac à sable carré de sable
A box filled with sand that is shaped to form a mould for metal casting.

sandbox game sandbox games n
jeu bac à sable
(video games, RPG) A game with no linear storyline or specific goal, the player deriving amusement from a range of open-ended interactions or situations.

sandcastle sandcastles n
château de sable
A sculpture made of sand and resembling a miniature castle; typically, but not always, made for fun by a child on a beach.

sander /ˈsændɚ/ sanders n
ponceuse
A machine to mechanize the process of sanding.

sanderling sanderlings n
bécasseau sanderling
A small wading bird, Calidris alba, that breeds in the Arctic and winters on sandy shores and estuaries around the world.

sandfly sandflies n
phlébotome
Any of various small flies of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus whose females suck the blood of vertebrates and thus spread leishmaniasis.

sandgrouse /ˈsændˌɡɹaʊs/ sandgrouse sandgrouses n
ganga
Any of several species of birds in the family Pteroclididae.

sandhi /ˈsændi/ /ˈsɑndi/ /ˈsʌndi/ sandhis n
sandhi
(phonology) Any of a wide variety of phonological processes that occur at morpheme or word boundaries, such as the fusion of sounds across word boundaries and the alteration of sounds due to neighboring sounds or due to the grammatical function of adjacent words.

sandhill crane sandhill cranes n
grue canadienne
A crane native to North America and parts of Siberia (Antigone canadensis, syn. Grus canadensis).

sandman /ˈsænd.mæn/ sandmen n
marchand de sable
(folklore) A figure that brings sleep and dreams by sprinkling magical sand into people's eyes. [from early 19th c.]

sandpaper /ˈsændˌpeɪpɚ/ sandpapers n
papier de verre papier à poncer
A strong paper coated with sand, ground glass, or other abrasive material for smoothing and polishing.

sandpaper /ˈsændˌpeɪpɚ/ v
poncer
(transitive) To polish or grind (a surface) with or as if with sandpaper.

sandpiper /ˈsænd.paɪpə/ /ˈsænd.paɪpɚ/ sandpipers n
chevalier
Any of various small wading birds of the family Scolopacidae.

sandpit /ˈsænd.pɪt/ sandpits n
bac à sable carré de sable
A children’s play area consisting of a large container filled with sand.

sandstone /ˈsændˌstoʊn/ /ˈsændˌstəʊn/ sandstones n
grès
A sedimentary rock produced by the consolidation and compaction of sand, cemented with clay etc.

sandstorm sandstorms n
tempête de sable
A strong wind carrying clouds of sand and dust through the air.

sandwich /ˈsæn(d)wɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsæn(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ /ˈsænˌ(d)wɪt͡ʃ/ [ˈsæmwɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæmˌwɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæmˌɪt͡ʃ] [ˈsæ̃wɪd͡ʒ] [ˈsæ̃ˌwɪt͡ʃ] sandwiches sandwichs n
sandwich tartine
A dish or foodstuff where at least one piece, but typically two or more pieces, of bread serve(s) as the wrapper or container of some other food.

sandwich bar sandwich bars n
sandwicherie

sandwich bread sandwich breads n
pain de mie
Bread that is prepared specifically to be used for the preparation of sandwiches.

sane /seɪn/ saner sanest adj
sain
Being in a healthy condition; not deranged; thinking rationally.
sain d'esprit
Mentally sound; possessing a rational mind; having the mental faculties in such condition as to be able to anticipate and judge the effect of one's actions in an ordinary manner.

sangfroid /sɑŋˈfɹɑ/ sangfroids n
sang-froid
Composure, self-possession or imperturbability especially when in a dangerous situation.

sangha sanghas n
sangha
The community of all followers of the Buddha; the ecclesia in which the devout take refuge; those who have "entered the stream" towards nirvana; as one of the three jewels of Buddhism.

sangria /sæŋˈɡɹiːə/ sangrias n
sangria
A cold drink, originating in Spain, consisting of red or white wine, brandy or sherry, fruit juice, sugar and soda water and garnished with orange and other fruit.

sanguinary /ˈsæŋɡwɪnəɹi/ /ˈsæŋɡwɪnɛɹi/ more sanguinary most sanguinary adj
sanguin
Consisting of, covered with, or similar in appearance to blood.

sanguine /ˈsæŋ.ɡwɪn/ sanguines n
sanguine
Bloodstone.
Red crayon.

sanicle sanicles n
sanicle
Any of several plants, of the genus Sanicula, having palmate compound leaves and small flowers arranged in umbels; the snakeroot.

sanitary /ˈsænɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsænɪtɛɹi/ more sanitary most sanitary adj
sanitaire
Of, or relating to health.
Clean and free from pathogens; hygienic.

sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃən/ sanitations n
assainissement
The hygienic disposal or recycling of waste.

sanitize /ˈsænətaɪz/ /ˈsænɪtaɪz/ v
assainir
(transitive) To rid of microorganisms by cleaning or disinfecting.

sanity /ˈsæ.nə.ɾi/ /ˈsæ.nɪ.ɾi/ /ˈsæn.əˌti/ /ˈsæn.ɪˌti/ sanities n
santé mentale
The condition of being sane.

sanity check sanity checks n
contrôle de plausibilité test de plausibilité
A check to make sure that something does not contain elementary mistakes or impossibilities and is not based on invalid assumptions.

sanjak /ˈsandʒak/ sanjaks n
sandjak
(politics) A district, a prefecture, particularly (historical) a second-level administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. [from 16th c.]

sans-culotte /sanzkjuːˈlɒt/ /sɒ̃(ŋ)kjuːˈlɒt/ sans-culottes n
sans-culotte
A plebeian Parisian, especially a lower-class republican during the French Revolution. [from 18th c.]

sans-culottide /ˌsɒŋkjuːlɒˈtiːd/ sans-culottides n
jour complémentaire jour épagomène sans-culottide
(historical) Any of the five (six in leap years) extra days added at the end of Fructidor in the French Republican Calendar.

sans-culottism sans-culottisms n
sans-culottisme
Extreme republican principles; the principles or practice of the sans-culottes.

santonin /ˈsæntənɪn/ santonins n
santonine
(chemistry) An anthelmintic found in santonica and related plants.

sap /sæp/ saps n
sève
(uncountable) The juice of plants of any kind, especially the ascending and descending juices or circulating fluid essential to nutrition.
matraque
(countable, US, slang) A short wooden club; a leather-covered hand weapon; a blackjack.
sape
(military) A narrow ditch or trench made from the foremost parallel toward the glacis or covert way of a besieged place by digging under cover of gabions, etc.
nigaud naïf
(slang, countable) A naive person; a simpleton.

sap /sæp/ v
miner saper
(transitive) To subvert by digging or wearing away; to mine; to undermine; to destroy the foundation of.

saphead /ˈsæphɛd/ sapheads n
idiot imbécile
A simpleton, a stupid person.

saphenous /səˈfiːnəs/ adj
saphène
(anatomy) Relating to, or situated near, the saphenous vein.

sapiosexual more sapiosexual most sapiosexual adj
sapiosexuel
Sexually attracted to intellectual or mental qualities over appearance.

sapiosexual sapiosexuals n
sapiosexuel
A person who is sapiosexual.

sapling /ˈsæplɪŋ/ saplings n
arbrisseau
A young tree, bigger than a seedling.

saponin /ˈsæpənɪn/ saponins n
saponine
(organic chemistry, steroid) Any of various steroid glycosides found in plant tissues that dissolve in water to give a soapy froth.

sapper /ˈsæpɚ/ sappers n
sapeur
A combat engineer; an engineer or a soldier engaged in attacking, destroying, and circumventing or building fortifications, bridges, and roads; a military engineer active in a combat zone.

sapphic /ˈsæf.ɪk/ adj
lesbien
Lesbian, relating to lesbianism, or (broadly) to women who are attracted (not necessarily exclusively) to women.

sapphire /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ɚ/ more sapphire most sapphire adj
saphir
of a deep blue colour.

sapphire /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsæf.aɪ̯ɚ/ sapphires n
saphir colibri à menton bleu
(countable) A clear deep blue variety of corundum, valued as a precious stone.
(countable, and, uncountable) A white, yellow, or purple variety of corundum, either clear or translucent.
(countable) Any hummingbird in the genera Hylocharis and Chlorestes, as well as the rufous-throated sapphire, which is now in the genus Amazilia.
Any of the butterflies in the southern Asian lycaenid genus Heliophorus or the African lycaenid genus Iolaus.
saphir
(countable, and, uncountable) A deep blue colour.
(tincture) Azure, when blazoning by precious stones.

sapphirine sapphirines n
saphirine
(mineral) A rare silicate of magnesium and aluminium (with iron as a major impurity), named for its sapphirelike colour.

sapphism /ˈsæ.fɪzm̩/ sapphisms n
saphisme sapphisme
Lesbianism; female homosexuality. [from 18th c.]

sappy /ˈsæpi/ sappier sappiest adj
cucul mielleux
(US) Excessively sweet, emotional, nostalgic; cheesy; mushy. (British equivalent: soppy)

saprotroph saprotrophs n
saprophyte
An organism that lives off dead or decaying organic material by secreting enzymes into it and then absorbing its nutrients.

saproxylic adj
saproxyle saproxylique
Relating to, or causing, the decay of wood.

saproxylophagous adj
saproxylophage

sapwood /ˈsapwʊd/ sapwoods n
aubier
The wood just under the bark of a stem or branch; it differs from the heartwood in color and in physiologic activity (flow of sap).

sarabande sarabandes n
sarabande
(dance) A 16th-century Spanish dance.

sarafan sarafans sarafany n
sarafane
A traditional long, trapeze-shaped Russian pinafore worn by women and girls.

sarcasm /ˈsɑːɹˌkæzəm/ /ˈsɑːˌkæzəm/ sarcasms n
sarcasme
(uncountable) Use of acerbic language to mock or convey contempt, often using irony and (in speech) often marked by overemphasis and a sneering tone of voice.

sarcastic /sɑɹˈkæstɪk/ /sɑːˈkæstɪk/ more sarcastic most sarcastic adj
sarcastique
Containing sarcasm.
(of a person) Having the personality trait of expressing sarcasm.

sarcastically /sɑː(ɹ)ˈkæstɪkli/ /sɑː(ɹ)ˈkæstɪkəli/ more sarcastically most sarcastically adv
sarcastiquement
In a sarcastic manner.

sarcelly adj
cercelée recercelée

sarcocarp /ˈsɑː(ɹ)kəkɑː(ɹ)p/ sarcocarps n
fruit charnu
(archaic) Any fruit which is fleshy throughout.

sarcolemma sarcolemmas sarcolemmata n
sarcolemme
(anatomy) A thin cell membrane that surrounds a striated muscle fibre.

sarcoma /sɑɹˈkoʊmə/ sarcomas sarcomata n
sarcome
(oncology) A type of malignant tumor of the bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.

sarcomere /ˈsɑɹ.koʊˌmɪɹ/ /ˈsɑɹ.kəˌmɪɹ/ /ˈsɑː.kəʊˌmɪə/ /ˈsɑː.kəˌmɪə/ sarcomeres n
sarcomère
The contractile unit of the myofibril of a striated muscle.

sarcopenia sarcopenias n
sarcopénie
(pathology) Gradual loss of skeletal muscle due to aging, immobility, illness, or combinations thereof.

sarcophagus /-d͡ʒaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡaɪ/ /sɑɹˈkɑfəɡəs/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡaɪ/ /sɑːˈkɒfəɡəs/ sarcophagi sarcophaguses sarcophagusses n
sarcophage
A stone coffin, often with its exterior inscribed, or decorated with sculpture.
(informal) The cement and steel structure that encases the destroyed nuclear reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Chernobyl, Ukraine.

sardine /sɑɹˈdin/ /sɑːˈdiːn/ sardines n
sardine
Any one of several species of small herring which are commonly preserved in olive oil or in tins for food, especially the pilchard, or European sardine Sardina pilchardus (syn. Clupea pilchardus). The California sardine Sardinops sagax (syn. Clupea sagax) is similar. The American sardines of the Atlantic coast are mostly the young of the Atlantic herring and of the menhaden.
(obsolete) carnelian.
(figurative) Someone packed or crammed into a small space.

sardius sardiuses n
cornaline
(mineral) sard

sardonic /sɐːˈdɔnɪk/ /sɑɹˈdɑnɪk/ /sɑːˈdɒnɪk/ more sardonic most sardonic adj
sardonique
Scornfully mocking or cynical.
Disdainfully or ironically humorous.

sardonyx /sɑː(ɹ)ˈdɒnɪks/ sardonyxes n
sardoine
A gemstone having bands of red sard; a variety of onyx or chalcedony.

sargasso /sɑɹˈɡæsoʊ/ /sɑːˈɡæsəʊ/ sargassoes sargassos n
sargasse
A brown alga, of the genus Sargassum, that forms large, floating masses.

sari /ˈsɑː.ɹi/ saris n
sari
The traditional dress of women in the Indian Subcontinent; an outer garment consisting of a single length of cotton or silk, most often with one end wrapped around the waist to form a skirt, the other draped over the shoulder or head.

sarin /ˈsɑːɹən/ /ˈsɑːɹɪn/ n
sarin
(chemistry, military) The nerve gas O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate, used as a chemical weapon.

sarissa sarissae sarissas n
sarisse

sarong /səˈɹɑŋ/ /səˈɹɒŋ/ /səˈɹɔŋ/ sarongs n
pagne sarong
A garment made of a length of printed cloth wrapped about the waist that is commonly worn by men and women in South and Southeast Asia, also in the Pacific islands.

sarpanch /ˈsʌɹpʌnt͡ʃ/ sarpanches n
sarpanch
The elected head of a panchayat (village government) in Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan.

sarsaparilla /ˌsaspəˈɹɛlə/ /ˌsæspəˈɹɪlə/ /ˌsɑːspəˈɹɪlə/ sarsaparillas n
salsepareille
Any of various tropical (Central and South) American vines of the genus Smilax, such as Smilax aspera, which have fragrant roots.

sartorial /sɑɹˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ /sɑːˈtɔː.ɹi.əl/ more sartorial most sartorial adj
vestimentaire
(not comparable) Of or relating to the tailoring of clothing.
muscle couturier
(anatomy) Of or relating to the sartorius muscle.

sarus crane sarus cranes n
grue antigone

sash /sæʃ/ sashes n
large ceinture à noeud
battant ouvrant ventail
The opening part (casement) of a window usually containing the glass panes, hinged to the jamb, or sliding up and down as in a sash window. [circa 1680]
écharpe
A decorative length of cloth worn over the shoulder to the opposite hip, often for ceremonial or other formal occasions.

sash window sash windows n
fenêtre à guillotine
(architecture) A window consisting of two sliding panels (sashes).

sashimi /səˈʃiːmi/ /ˈsæʃɪmi/ sashimis n
sashimi
A dish consisting of thin slices or pieces of raw fish or meat.

sasquatch /ˈsæskwæt͡ʃ/ /ˈsæskwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈsæskwɒt͡ʃ/ sasquatches n
sasquatch
(cryptozoology) A large hairy humanoid creature of western North America; a Bigfoot.

sass /sæs/ n
culot toupet
(US) Backtalk, cheek, sarcasm.

sass /sæs/ v
contredire protester répondre
(intransitive, US, informal) To talk, to talk back.

sassy /ˈsasi/ /ˈsæsi/ sassier sassiest adj
effronté insolent impudent
Bold and spirited, cheeky, impudent, saucy. [from 1833]
allumeur allumeuse
Somewhat sexy and provocative.

satanic /seɪˈtænɪk/ /səˈtænɪk/ more satanic most satanic adj
satanique
(of, pertaining to or resembling Satan).
Evil, fiendish, devilish or diabolical.

satay /sæˈteɪ/ /sɑːˈteɪ/ /ˈsæt.eɪ/ /ˈsɑː.teɪ/ satays n
satay saté
A dish made from small pieces of meat or fish grilled on a skewer and served with a spicy peanut sauce, originating from Indonesia and Malaysia.

satchel /ˈsæt͡ʃəl/ satchels n
cartable
A bag or case with one or two shoulder straps, especially used to carry books etc.

sated more sated most sated adj
rassasié repu
In a state of complete and thorough satisfaction; having one’s appetite fully satisfied, by having enough of something.

satellitary more satellitary most satellitary adj
satellitaire

satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ satellites n
satellite
A moon or other smaller body orbiting a larger one. [from 17th c.]
A man-made apparatus designed to be placed in orbit around a celestial body, generally to relay information, data etc. to Earth. [from 20th c.]
(grammar) A grammatical construct that takes various forms and may encode a path of movement, a change of state, or the grammatical aspect. Examples: "a bird flew past"; "she turned on the light".

satellite dish satellite dishes n
antenne parabolique
A parabolic antenna designed to receive microwaves from communications satellites, which transmit data transmissions or broadcasts, such as satellite television.

satellite television n
télévision par satellite télévision satellite
A type of cable television service that is broadcasted by a communications satellite and is received by an outdoor antenna or satellite dish.

satellite town satellite towns n
ville satellite
A self-contained town, as opposed to a mere suburb, on the periphery of a metropolitan area.

satellite-framing n
cadrage satellitaire

satiate /ˈseɪʃɪeɪt/ v
rassasier
(transitive) To fill to satisfaction; to satisfy.
(transitive) To satisfy to excess. To fill to satiety.

satiated more satiated most satiated adj
rassasier
Pleasantly satisfied or full, as with food; sated

satiety /səˈsaɪ.ɪ.ti/ /səˈtaɪ.ə.ti/ /səˈtaɪ.ɪ.ti/ satieties n
satiété
The state of being satiated.

satin /ˈsætɪn/ adj
satiné
Semigloss.

satin /ˈsætɪn/ satins n
satin
A cloth woven from silk, nylon or polyester with a glossy surface and a dull back. (The same weaving technique applied to cotton produces cloth termed sateen).

satire /ˈsætaɪə/ /ˈsætaɪɹ/ satires n
satire
(uncountable) A literary device of writing or art which principally ridicules its subject often as an intended means of provoking or preventing change or highlighting a shortcoming in the work of another. Imitation, humor, irony, and exaggeration are often used to aid this.

satirical /səˈtɪɹɪkəl/ more satirical most satirical adj
satirique
Of, pertaining to, or connected with satire.

satirically more satirically most satirically adv
satiriquement
In a satiric manner.

satisfaction /sætɪsˈfækʃən/ satisfactions n
satisfaction
A fulfilment of a need or desire.
The pleasure obtained by such fulfillment.
A reparation for an injury or loss.

satisfactorily /sætɪsˈfækt(ə)ɹɪli/ more satisfactorily most satisfactorily adv
de façon satisfaisante
In a satisfactory manner, in a manner adequate to requirements.

satisfactory /sætɪsˈfækt(ə)ɹi/ more satisfactory most satisfactory adj
satisfaisant
Done to satisfaction; adequate or sufficient.

satisfied /ˈsætɪsfaɪd/ more satisfied most satisfied adj
satisfait
In a state of satisfaction.

satisfy /ˈsætɪsfaɪ/ v
satisfaire contenter
(ambitransitive) To do enough for; to meet the needs of; to fulfill the wishes or requirements of.

sativa /səˈti va/ /səˈti və/ n
sativa
Cannabis sativa, a widely consumed form of cannabis.

satrap /ˈseɪtɹæp/ /ˈsæt.ræp/ satraps n
satrape
(historical) A governor of a Persian province.

satrapy satrapies satrapys n
satrapie
(historical) The territory governed by a satrap; a province of any of several ancient empires of Western Asia (specifically, of the Median or Achaemenid empires or certain of their successors, including the Sassanian Empire and Hellenistic empires).

saturate /ˈsæt͡ʃəˌɹeɪt/ v
saturer
(transitive) To cause to become completely permeated with, or soaked (especially with a liquid).
(transitive, figurative) To fill thoroughly or to excess.

saturated more saturated most saturated adj
saturé
(not comparable) Full; unable to hold or contain any more.

saturation saturations n
saturation
The act of saturating or the process of being saturated
(physics) The condition in which, after a sufficient increase in a causal force, no further increase in the resultant effect is possible; e.g. the state of a ferromagnetic material that cannot be further magnetized
(chemistry) The state of a saturated solution
(chemistry) The state of an organic compound that has no double or triple bonds
(art) The intensity or vividness of a colour.
(music) An effect on the sound of an electric guitar, used primarily in heavy metal music

saturnal adj
saturnien
(Roman mythology, astrology) Of or pertaining to the Ancient Roman god Saturn or to the corresponding planetary entity in astrology.

saturnine /-nɪn/ /-ˌnin/ /ˈsætənaɪn/ /ˈsætɚˌnaɪn/ [-ɾɚ-] more saturnine most saturnine adj
saturnin saturnine

satyr /ˈseɪtɚ/ /ˈsætə/ /ˈsætɚ/ satyrs n
satyre
(Greek mythology) A sylvan deity or demigod, male companion of Pan or Dionysus, represented as part man and part goat, and characterized by riotous merriment and lasciviousness, sometimes pictured with a perpetual erection.
(Roman mythology) Synonym of faun
(by extension) A lecherous man.

satyriasis /ˌsatɪˈrʌɪəsɪs/ satyriases n
satyriasis satyriasisme satyrisme
Excessive sexual desire, found in a man.

sauce /soːs/ /sɑs/ /sɔs/ /sɔːs/ sauces n
sauce
A liquid (often thickened) condiment or accompaniment to food.

saucepan /ˈsoːs.pɘn/ /ˈsoːsˌpɛn/ /ˈsɔsˌpæn/ /ˈsɔːs.pən/ saucepans n
casserole
(countable, cookware) A deep cooking vessel with a handle and sometimes a lid; used for boiling, stewing and making sauces.

saucer /ˈsɑ.səɹ/ /ˈsɒ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔ.səɹ/ /ˈsɔː.sə/ saucers n
soucoupe sous-tasse
A small shallow dish to hold a cup and catch drips.

saucier /sosje/ sauciers n
saucier
In a large professional kitchen, a cook responsible for preparing sauces and for sauteing foods on demand.

saucy /ˈsɑ.si/ /ˈsɔ.si/ /ˈsɔː.sɪ/ saucier sauciest adj
impertinent effronté
(figurative) Impertinent or disrespectful, often in a manner that is regarded as entertaining or amusing; smart.
osé
Mildly erotic.

sauerkraut /ˈsaʊəˌkɹaʊt/ /ˈsaʊɚˌkɹaʊt/ /ˈsaʊɚˌkɹʌʊt/ sauerkrauts n
choucroute
(countable, uncountable) A dish made by fermenting finely chopped cabbage.

sauna /ˈsaʊ.nə/ /ˈsɔː.nə/ saunas n
sauna
A room or a house designed for heat sessions.
The act of using a sauna.

sauna /ˈsaʊ.nə/ /ˈsɔː.nə/ v
sauna prendre un
To use a sauna.

saunter /ˈsɑntɚ/ /ˈsɔntɚ/ /ˈsɔːntə/ saunters n
flânerie
A leisurely walk or stroll.

saunter /ˈsɑntɚ/ /ˈsɔntɚ/ /ˈsɔːntə/ v
flâner
To stroll, or walk at a leisurely pace.

saurian /ˈsɔɹiən/ /ˈsɔːɹiən/ saurians n
saurien
(properly) A reptile of the suborder Sauria.

sauropsid sauropsids n
sauropside
(zoology) A member of the Sauropsida, a comprehensive group of vertebrates comprising the reptiles and birds.

sausage /ˈsæsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɑːsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɒsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsɔsɪd͡ʒ/ sausages n
saucisse saucisson
A food made of ground meat (or meat substitute) and seasoning, packed in a section of the animal's intestine, or in a similarly cylindrical shaped synthetic casing; a length of this food.

sausage roll sausage rolls n
friand
A short piece of sausage meat baked in a roll of pastry.

sauté /soʊˈteɪ/ /sɑˈteɪ/ /sɔˈteɪ/ /ˈsəʊteɪ/ v
sauter
(transitive) To cook (food) using a small amount of fat in an open pan over a relatively high heat, allowing the food to brown and form a crust stopping it from sticking to the pan as it cooks.

savable /ˈseɪvəbəl/ adj
sauvable
Capable of being saved.

savage /ˈsævɪd͡ʒ/ more savage most savage adj
barbare
Barbaric; not civilized.
féroce
Fierce and ferocious.

savage /ˈsævɪd͡ʒ/ savages n
sauvage
(pejorative) A person not living in a civilization; a barbarian.

savagely more savagely most savagely adv
sauvagement
In a wild, uncontrolled, or savage manner.

savagery /ˈsæv.ɪd͡ʒ.ɹɪ/ savageries n
sauvagerie
Savages collectively; the world of savages.

savanna /səˈvænə/ savannas n
savane
A tropical grassland with scattered trees

save /seɪv/ saves n
arrêt
In various sports, a block that prevents an opponent from scoring.

save /seɪv/ v
sauver
To help (somebody) to survive, or rescue (somebody or something) from harm.
(Christianity) To redeem or protect someone from eternal damnation.
sauver arrêter bloquer parer
(sports) To catch or deflect (a shot at goal).
économiser préserver
(baseball) To preserve, as a relief pitcher, (a win of another pitcher's on one's team) by defending the lead held when the other pitcher left the game.
économiser épargner sauvegarder protéger préserver
To keep (something) safe; to safeguard.
épargner
To spare (somebody) from effort, or from something undesirable.
enregistrer sauvegarder
(transitive, intransitive, computing, video games) To write a file to disk or other storage medium.
garder conserver mettre de côté
(transitive) To store for future use.
économiser épargner
(intransitive) To economize or avoid waste.
To put aside, to avoid.
épargner économiser mettre de côté préserver thésauriser
(transitive, gambling, slang, archaic) To make an agreement to give (some amount of money) to a fellow gambler if one wins, and to receive that amount from them if they win, as a form of hedging.
éviter
(transitive) To obviate or make unnecessary.

save face v
sauver la face
(idiomatic, intransitive) To take an action or make a gesture intended to preserve one's reputation or honour.

save one's skin v
sauver sa peau

save something for a rainy day v
mettre de côté

saved by the bell v
sauvé par la cloche sauvé par le gong
(idiomatic, by extension) Rescued or favorably assisted by a timely interruption or by the sudden termination of difficult circumstances.

saveloy /ˈsævəloɪ/ /ˈsævəlɔɪ/ /ˈsævəˌlɔɪ/ /ˈsɛvəloe/ saveloys n
cervelas
(chiefly, Australia, Britain, New Zealand) A seasoned and smoked pork sausage, normally purchased ready-cooked.

savin savins n
sabine sabinier
The evergreen shrub Juniperus sabina, endemic to Europe, which yields a medicinal oil.

saving /ˈseɪv.ɪŋ/ savings n
économie
A reduction in cost or expenditure.
économie épargne
(countable, usually, in the plural) Something (usually money) that is saved, particularly money that has been set aside for the future.

savings account savings accounts n
compte d'épargne
(finance, banking) A bank account designed for a client's savings, which compared to a current account typically entails withdrawal restrictions but yields a better interest

savings bank savings banks n
banque d'épargne caisse d'épargne
A type of financial institution that focuses on retail banking: savings of private depositors, payments, credits and insurances for individuals or small and medium-sized enterprises.

savior /ˈseɪvjə/ /ˈseɪvjɚ/ saviors n
sauveur sauveuse
A person who saves someone, rescues another from harm.

saviour sibling saviour siblings n
bébé médicament bébé-médicament
A child, conceived by selected IVF treatment, so as to have compatible tissue that could be used to treat an existing sick brother or sister

savory /ˈseɪvəɹi/ savorier savoriest adj
délicieux savoureux
Tasty, attractive to the palate.
salé
Salty and/or spicy, but not sweet.

savory /ˈseɪvəɹi/ savories n
sarriette
Any of several Mediterranean herbs, of the genus Satureja, grown as culinary flavourings.

savour /ˈseɪvə(ɹ)/ v
savourer déguster
(transitive) To appreciate, enjoy or relish something.

savvy /ˈsæ.vi/ savvier savviest adj
futé malin
(informal) Shrewd, well-informed and perceptive.

savvy /ˈsæ.vi/ v
piger
(informal) To understand.

saw /ˈsɑ/ /ˈsɑl/ /ˈsɔ/ /ˈsɔː/ [ˈsɔɹ] saws n
scie
A tool with a toothed blade used for cutting hard substances, in particular wood or metal.
proverbe
(archaic) A saying or proverb.

saw /ˈsɑ/ /ˈsɑl/ /ˈsɔ/ /ˈsɔː/ [ˈsɔɹ] v
scier
(transitive) To cut (something) with a saw.
(intransitive) To make a motion back and forth similar to cutting something with a saw.
(intransitive) To be cut with a saw.

saw off the branch one is sitting on v
scier la branche sur laquelle on est assis

saw set saw sets n
avoyeuse
A device used to adjust the set of a saw's teeth (the amount each tooth protrudes to the side of the saw to create the kerf).

sawdust /ˈsɔːˌdʌst/ sawdusts n
sciure
The fine particles (dust) created by sawing wood or other material.

sawfish sawfish sawfishes n
poisson-scie scie
Any ray (marine fish with a flat body and wing-like fins) of the family Pristidae, having a snout that resembles a saw.

sawfly sawflies n
mouche à scie
Any of various flying insects of the suborder Symphyta whose ovipositor is long and often serrated and is used to cut into plants to lay eggs.

sawhorse /sɔ.hɔɹs/ /sɔː.hɔː(ɹ)s/ sawhorses n
tréteau
A structure with a crosspiece used to support timber or other material for working.

sawm n
saoum
(Islam) fasting, abstention, abstinence; the third of the five pillars of Islam

sawmill sawmills n
scierie
A machine, building or company used for cutting (milling) lumber, or (rarely) other hard materials such as stone.

sawn-off shotgun sawn-off shotguns n
fusil à canon scié

sawpit /ˈsɔpɪt/ /ˈsɔːpɪt/ sawpits n
scieur de long
A pit over which lumber is positioned to be sawn with a long two-handled saw (a pitsaw) by two people, one standing above the timber and the other in the pit below.

sawtooth /ˈsɔːtuːθ/ sawtooths n
dent de scie
Any of various pierid butterflies of the genus Prioneris.
(cellular automata) A pattern whose living cell population reaches new peaks infinitely many times before dropping to a fixed value after each peak.

sawtooth wave sawtooth waves n
onde en dents de scie
(mathematics, engineering) A function or waveform that repeatedly ramps upwards (usually linearly) and then sharply drops.

sawyer /ˈsɔ.jɚ/ /ˈsɔɪ.ə/ /ˈsɔɪ.ɚ/ /ˈsɔːjə/ sawyers n
scieur scieuse
One who saws timber, especially in a sawpit.

saxicolous /sækˈsɪkələs/ more saxicolous most saxicolous adj
saxicole

saxifrage /ˈsæk.sə.frɪd͡ʒ/ saxifrages n
saxifrage
Any plant in the genus Saxifraga.

saxion saxions n
saxion
(physics) A hypothetical elementary particle, the bosonic superpartner of the axion.

saxophone /ˈsæksəfoʊn/ saxophones n
saxophone
A single-reed instrument musical instrument of the woodwind family, usually made of brass and with a distinctive loop bringing the bell upwards.

saxophonist /ˈsæk.səˌfoʊn.ɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɑ.fə.nɪst/ /ˌsækˈsɒ.fə.nɪst/ saxophonists n
saxophoniste
A person who owns, plays or practices with the saxophone.

say /seɪ/ n
mot à dire
A chance to speak; the right or power to influence or make a decision.

say /seɪ/ v
dire
(transitive) To tell, either verbally or in writing.
dire indiquer
(transitive) To indicate in a written form.
dire disons il paraît on dit
(impersonal, transitive) To have a common expression; used in singular passive voice or plural active voice to indicate a rumor or well-known fact.
disons
(informal, imperative, transitive) Suppose, assume; used to mark an example, supposition or hypothesis.
dire réciter
(intransitive) To speak; to express an opinion; to make answer; to reply.

say goodbye v
dire au revoir prendre congé dire adieu faire ses adieux
(literal sense) To wish someone farewell upon their leaving.

say grace v
dire le bénédicité
(idiomatic) To recite a prayer of invocation or thanksgiving at meal time.

say it all v
en dire long
(idiomatic) To convey information implicitly in a non-verbal way.

say no more phraseologicalUnit
ne pas en dire plus

say what phraseologicalUnit
comment ça de quoi

say yes v
dire oui

sayable more sayable most sayable adj
dicible

sayableness n
dicibilité

saying /ˈseɪ.ɪŋ/ sayings n
dicton
A proverb or maxim.

sb pronoun
qqn
abbreviation of somebody in explanation

sb. pronoun
qqn
abbreviation of somebody in explanation

scab /skæb/ scabs n
croûte
An incrustation over a sore, wound, vesicle, or pustule, formed during healing.

scab /skæb/ v
s'encroûter
(intransitive) To become covered by a scab or scabs.

scabbard /ˈskæb.əd/ /ˈskæb.ɚd/ scabbards n
fourreau
The sheath of a sword.

scabby /ˈskæb.i/ scabbier scabbiest adj
croûteux
Affected with scabs; full of scabs.

scabies /ˈskeɪ.biz/ n
gale mal de Sainte-Marie
(pathology) An infestation of parasitic mites, Sarcoptes scabiei, causing intense itching caused by the mites burrowing into the skin of humans and other animals. It is easily transmissible from human to human; secondary skin infection may occur.

scabrous /ˈska-/ /ˈskeɪ-/ /ˈskeɪbɹəs/ /ˈskæbɹəs/ more scabrous most scabrous adj
scabreux
(figurative) Disgusting, repellent.

scaffold /ˈskæf.ld/ /ˈskæf.əld/ /ˈskæf.əʊld/ scaffolds n
échafaudage échafaud
A structure made of scaffolding for workers to stand on while working on a building.
échafaud
An elevated platform on which a criminal is executed.

scaffold /ˈskæf.ld/ /ˈskæf.əld/ /ˈskæf.əʊld/ v
échafauder
(transitive) To set up a scaffolding; to surround a building with scaffolding.

scaffolding /ˈskæfəldɪŋ/ /ˈskæˌfoʊldɪŋ/ scaffoldings n
échafaudage
A temporary modular system of tubes (or formerly wood) forming a framework used to support people and material in the construction or repair of buildings and other large structures.

scalability scalabilities n
extensibilité
The property of being scalable.

scalable /ˈskeɪ.lə.bl̩/ [ˈskeɪ̯.ɫə.bl̩] more scalable most scalable adj
extensible évolutif
Able to be changed in scale; resizeable. [from 20th c.]

scalar adj
scalaire
(mathematics) Having magnitude but not direction.
Of, or relating to scale.

scalar scalars n
scalaire
(mathematics) A quantity that has magnitude but not direction; compare vector.

scalar product scalar products n
produit scalaire
(linear algebra) The product of two vectors computed as the sum of the corresponding elements of the vectors, or, equivalently, as the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the cosine of the angle between their directions.

scald /skɑld/ /skɒld/ /skɔld/ /skɔːld/ v
ébouillanter
To burn with hot liquid.

scale /skeɪl/ /skæɪl/ [skeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] [skæɪ̯(ə)ɫ] scales n
gamme échelle
(obsolete) A ladder; a series of steps; a means of ascending.
(music) A series of notes spanning an octave, tritave, or pseudo-octave, used to make melodies.
écaille squame
Part of an overlapping arrangement of many small, flat and hard pieces of keratin covering the skin of an animal, particularly a fish or reptile.
échelle
An ordered, usually numerical sequence used for measurement; means of assigning a magnitude.
Size; scope.
The ratio of depicted distance to actual distance.
A line or bar associated with a drawing, used to indicate measurement when the image has been magnified or reduced.
écaille
A small piece of pigmented chitin, many of which coat the wings of a butterfly or moth to give them their color.
Part of an overlapping arrangement of many small, flat and hard protective layers forming a pinecone that flare when mature to release pine nut seeds.
plateau
Either of the pans, trays, or dishes of a balance or scales.
squame
A flake of skin of an animal afflicted with dermatitis.
barbure
(uncountable) The flaky material sloughed off heated metal.
armure d'écailles
Scale mail (as opposed to chain mail).

scale /skeɪl/ /skæɪl/ [skeɪ̯(ə)ɫ] [skæɪ̯(ə)ɫ] v
agrandir réduire
(transitive) To change the size of something whilst maintaining proportion; especially to change a process in order to produce much larger amounts of the final product.
escalader
(transitive) To climb to the top of.
écailler
(transitive) To clean, as the inside of a cannon, by the explosion of a small quantity of powder.

scale model scale models n
maquette modèle réduit
A three-dimensional copy or representation of something in which all parts have dimensions in the same proportion to that of the original.

scalene /skeɪˈlin/ /ˈskeɪ.liːn/ /ˈskeɪˌlin/ adj
scalène
(trigonometry) Having sides all unequal in length.

scalene triangle scalene triangles n
triangle scalène
(geometry) A triangle having each of its three sides of different lengths.

scales /skeɪlz/ n
balance
A device for measuring weight.

scallop /ˈskaləp/ /ˈskæləp/ /ˈskɑləp/ /ˈskɒləp/ /ˈskɔləp/ /ˈskɛləp/ scallops n
escalope
coquille Saint-Jacques pétoncle
Any of various marine bivalve molluscs of the family Pectinidae which are free-swimming.
échancrure
One of a series of curves, forming an edge similar to a scallop shell, especially in knitting and crochet.

scallop /ˈskaləp/ /ˈskæləp/ /ˈskɑləp/ /ˈskɒləp/ /ˈskɔləp/ /ˈskɛləp/ v
échancrer
To create or form an edge in the shape of a crescent or multiple crescents.

scalloped more scalloped most scalloped adj
découpé festonné échancré
Having an edge or border marked with semicircles.

scalp /skælp/ scalps n
cuir chevelu
The part of the head where the hair grows from, or used to grow from.

scalp /skælp/ v
scalper
To remove the scalp (part of the head from where the hair grows), by brutal act or accident.

scalpel /ˈskælpəl/ scalpels n
scalpel
A small straight knife with a very sharp blade used for surgery, dissection and craftwork.

scalper scalpers n
vendeur à la sauvette
(US, Canada) One who scalps tickets to popular entertainment events: buying them in advance and then selling them (e.g. online or just outside the venue of the event), often at inflated prices.

scaly /ˈskeɪli/ scalier scaliest adj
écailleux
Covered or abounding with scales.

scam /skæm/ scams n
arnaque entourloupe escroquerie manipulation tour de passe-passe tripotage
A fraudulent deal.

scam /skæm/ v
arnaquer entourlouper
(ambitransitive) To defraud or embezzle.

scambaiting n
scambaiting
(Internet) The practice of posing as a potential victim of a scam, usually the Nigerian scam, in order to waste the scammer’s time and resources.

scamp /skamp/ /skæmp/ scamps n
galopin morpion
A mischievous person, especially a playful, impish youngster.

scamper /ˈskæmpə/ /ˈskæmpɚ/ v
gambader
(intransitive) To run lightly and quickly, especially in a playful or undignified manner.

scan /skæn/ scans n
scan
(computing) The result or output of a scanning process.

scan /skæn/ v
fouiller scanner
(transitive) To examine sequentially, carefully, or critically; to scrutinize; to behold closely. [from 16th C.]
scanner numériser scannériser
(computing, medicine, transitive) To create an image of something with the use of a scanner.
scander
(poetry, transitive) To read or mark so as to show a specific metre. [from 14th C.]

scandal /ˈskændəl/ scandals n
scandale esclandre
An incident or event that disgraces or damages the reputation of the persons or organization involved.

scandalous /ˈskændələs/ more scandalous most scandalous adj
scandaleux
Wrong, immoral, causing a scandal.
Malicious, defamatory.

scandium /ˈskændi.əm/ n
scandium
A metallic chemical element, atomic number 21, obtained from some uranium ores; it is a transition element.

scanlation scanlations n
scanlation scantrad
(comics, chiefly, manga) The process of scanning and translating foreign-language comics (especially Japanese manga or Korean manhwa) into the translator's language, for free distribution over the Internet.
(comics) A comic that has been scanned, translated, and with translation overlaid onto the original text to produce a second-language version of the comic; a scanlated comic.

scanner /ˈskænə/ /ˈskænɚ/ scanners n
module de balayage
scanner scanneur numériseur
A device which scans documents in order to convert them to a digital medium. [from 20th c.]

scanning electron microscope scanning electron microscopes n
microscope à balayage électronique
An electron microscope whose image is made up of a matrix of points from scanning the surface of a sample.

scanning tunneling microscope scanning tunneling microscopes n
microscope à effet tunnel
A device used to form an image of the surface of a conductor or semiconductor with atomic resolution.

scansion /ˈskæn.ʃən/ v
scansion
(of text) Put into a rhythmic form or meter.

scansorial more scansorial most scansorial adj
grimpeur

scant /skænt/ determiner
insuffisant maigre rare
Very little, very few.

scanty /ˈskænti/ scantier scantiest adj
insuffisant maigre
Somewhat less than is needed in amplitude or extent.

scape /ˈskeɪp/ scapes n
scape
(botany) A leafless stalk growing directly out of a root, bulb, or subterranean structure.
The basal segment of an insect's antenna (i.e. the part closest to the body).

scapegoat /ˈskeɪpˌɡoʊt/ /ˈskeɪpˌɡəʊt/ scapegoats n
bouc émissaire
In the Mosaic Day of Atonement ritual, a goat symbolically imbued with the sins of the people, and sent out alive into the wilderness while another was sacrificed.
bouc émissaire chèvre émissaire
Someone unfairly blamed or punished for some failure.

scapegoat /ˈskeɪpˌɡoʊt/ /ˈskeɪpˌɡəʊt/ v
bouc-émissariser
(transitive, intransitive) To unfairly blame or punish someone for some failure; to make a scapegoat of.

scapular /ˈskapjʊlə/ adj
scapulaire
Of or pertaining to the scapula. [from 18th c.]

scapular /ˈskapjʊlə/ scapulars n
scapulaire
(Christianity) A short cloak worn around the shoulders, adopted as part of the uniform of various religious orders, later often with an embroidered image of a saint. [from 15th c.]
(ornithology) One of a special group of feathers which arise from each of the scapular regions and lie along the sides of the back.
A bandage passing over the shoulder to support it, or to retain another bandage in place.
(Christianity) A devotional object, typically consisting of two rectangular pieces of cloth (often with an embroidered image or text) joined with cloth bands and worn with one piece over the chest and one in the back.

scar /skɑɹ/ /skɑː(ɹ)/ scars n
cicatrice balafre
A permanent mark on the skin, sometimes caused by the healing of a wound.

scar /skɑɹ/ /skɑː(ɹ)/ v
cicatriser
(transitive) To mark the skin permanently.

scar tissue scar tissues n
tissu cicatriciel
(anatomy) A type of tissue found in animals containing a higher than normal amount of the protein collagen formed in a place where an injury has healed.

scarab /ˈskæɹəb/ /ˈskɛɹəb/ scarabs n
scarabée
A symbol, seal, amulet, or gem fashioned to resemble the sacred beetle.

scarce /skɑːɹs/ /ˈskeɪs/ /ˈskɛəs/ /ˈskɛɚs/ scarcer scarcest adj
rare
Scantily supplied (with); deficient (in); used with of.

scarcely /ˈskɛəsli/ /ˈskɛɹsli/ more scarcely most scarcely adv
à peine guère
(degree) Hardly: only just; by a small margin.

scarcity /ˈskɛəsɪti/ /ˈskɛɹsɪti/ scarcities n
manque rareté
(uncountable) The condition of something being scarce or deficient.
pénurie
(countable) An inadequate amount of something; a shortage.

scare /skɛə/ /skɛɚ/ /skɪə(ɹ)/ scares n
peur
A minor fright.

scare /skɛə/ /skɛɚ/ /skɪə(ɹ)/ v
effrayer
To frighten, terrify, startle, especially in a minor way.

scare quote scare quotes n
guillemet ironique
(chiefly, in the plural) A quotation mark deliberately used to provoke a reaction or to indicate that the author does not approve of a term or clause, rather than to identify a direct quotation. [from 1956]

scarecrow /ˈskɛəkɹəʊ/ /ˈskɛɚˌkɹoʊ/ scarecrows n
épouvantail
An effigy, typically made of straw and dressed in old clothes, fixed to a pole in a field to deter birds from eating crops or seeds planted there. [from 1530s]
(by extension, derogatory) A person regarded as resembling a scarecrow (sense 1) in some way; especially, a tall, thin, awkward person; or a person wearing ragged and tattered clothes.

scared /skɛ(ə)ɹd/ /skɛəd/ [skɛɚd] more scared most scared scareder scaredest adj
effrayé
Feeling fear; afraid, frightened.

scaremonger scaremongers n
alarmiste
Someone who spreads worrying rumours or needlessly alarms people.

scarf /skɑːf/ /skɑːɹf/ scarfs scarves n
écharpe cache-nez
A long, often knitted, garment worn around the neck.

scarf /skɑːf/ /skɑːɹf/ v
engouffrer
(transitive, US, slang) To eat very quickly.

scarificator scarificators n
scarificateur
(surgery, archaic) An instrument, principally used in cupping, containing several lancets that are moved simultaneously by a spring, used for making slight incisions on a body.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ more scarlet most scarlet adj
écarlate
Of a bright red colour.

scarlet /ˈskɐːlət/ /ˈskɑɹlɪt/ /ˈskɑːlɪt/ scarlets n
écarlate
A brilliant red colour tinged with orange.

scarlet fever scarlet fevers n
scarlatine
(disease) A streptococcal infection, mainly occurring among children, and characterized by a red skin rash, sore throat and fever.

scarlet pimpernel scarlet pimpernels n
mouron des champs mouron rouge
(botany) A flowering plant, Anagallis arvensis, of the Primulaceae family, having small orange flowers.

scary /ˈskɛəɹi/ /ˈskɛɹi/ adv
sinistre affreux terrifiant
(informal) To a scary extent; scarily.

scat /skæt/ scats n
scato
(slang, pornography) Coprophilia.

scathing /ˈskeɪðɪŋ/ more scathing most scathing adj
cinglant
Harshly or bitterly critical; vitriolic.
acerbe
Harmful or painful; acerbic.

scatological more scatological most scatological adj
scatologique

scatology scatologies n
scatologie
The scientific study or chemical analysis of faeces.

scatophile scatophiles n
scatophile
Person who takes pleasure from contact with human excrement.

scatophilia n
scatophilie
A paraphilia involving pleasure from contact with excrement.

scatophilic more scatophilic most scatophilic adj
scatophile
Taking pleasure from contact with human excrement.

scatter /ˈskætə/ /ˈskætɚ/ v
disperser se disperser
(ergative) To (cause to) separate and go in different directions; to disperse.
éparpiller parsemer
(transitive) To distribute loosely as by sprinkling.

scatterbrain scatterbrains n
étourdi tête de linotte étourdie
A flighty, disorganized or forgetful person.

scatterbrained more scatterbrained most scatterbrained adj
écervelé
Having the qualities of a scatterbrain: absent-minded, forgetful, easily distracted.

scattered /ˈskætəd/ /ˈskætɚd/ more scattered most scattered adj
disséminé éparpillé épars
Seemingly randomly distributed.
épars
(meteorology, of clouds) Covering three eighths to four eighths of the sky.
(meteorology, of precipitation) Affecting 30 percent to 50 percent of a forecast zone.

scattered disc pn
disque des objets épars
(astronomy) A trans-Neptunian region of the Solar System that overlaps the outer edge of the Kuiper belt, but also extends far beyond it, and is populated sparsely by small Solar System bodies.

scattering /ˈskætəɹɪŋ/ scatterings n
diffusion éparpillement
(physics) The process whereby a beam of waves or particles is dispersed by collisions or similar interactions.

scavenge /ˈskæv.ɪndʒ/ v
ramasser les ordures
(transitive) To collect and remove refuse, or to search through refuse, carrion, or abandoned items for useful material.
nettoyer
(transitive) To remove unwanted material from something, especially to purify molten metal by removing impurities.

scavenger /ˈskæv.ən.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ scavengers n
charognard animal nécrophage
An animal that feeds on decaying matter such as carrion.

scavenger hunt /ˈskæv.ən.d͡ʒə(ɹ) hʌnt/ scavenger hunts n
chasse au trésor
A game in which individuals or teams seek to find a number of specific items, or perform tasks, as given in a list.

scedastic adj
scédastique
related to the variance of errors (statistical).

scedasticity scedasticities n
scédasticité
(statistics) The distribution of error terms. Error terms are distributed either randomly and with constant variance (homoscedasticity) or with some kind of pattern (heteroscedasticity).

scenario /səˈneːɹi.əʉ/ /səˈnæːɹi.əʉ/ /səˈnɐːɹi.əʉ/ /sɪˈnæɹioʊ/ /sɪˈnɑɹioʊ/ /sɪˈnɑːɹi.əʊ/ /sɪˈnɛəɹioʊ/ scenari scenarios n
scénario
(dated) An outline of the plot of a dramatic or literary work.
An outline or model of an expected or supposed sequence of events.

scene /siːn/ scenes n
scène
The location of an event that attracts attention.
(theatre) The decorations; furnishings and backgrounds of a stage, representing the place in which the action of a play is set
The location, time, circumstances, etc., in which something occurs, or in which the action of a story, play, or the like, is set up
A social environment consisting of an informal, vague group of people with a uniting interest; their sphere of activity; a subculture.
scène scène de ménage
An exhibition of passionate or strong feeling before others, creating embarrassment or disruption; often, an artificial or affected action, or course of action, done for effect; a theatrical display

scenery /ˈsiːnəɹi/ /ˈsiːnɹi/ sceneries n
paysage décor naturel
View, natural features, landscape.
décor
Stage backdrops, property and other items on a stage that give the impression of the location of the scene.

scenic route scenic routes n
chemin des écoliers
A road or path designed to take one past a pleasant view or nice scenery.

scent /sɛnt/ scents n
odeur
A distinctive smell.
odorat
The sense of smell.

scent /sɛnt/ v
sentir

scented more scented most scented adj
odorant
Having a pleasant aroma.

sceptre /ˈsɛptə/ /ˈsɛptɚ/ sceptres n
sceptre
(British spelling) An ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch as a symbol of power.

schadenfreude /ˈʃɑː.dən.fɹɔɪ.də/ schadenfreudes n
joie maligne schadenfreude
Malicious enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune.

schedule /ˈskɛdjuːl/ /ˈskɛdʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒul/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒʊl/ /ˈsɛdjuːl/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈʃeˌduːl/ /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ /ˈʃɛdʒuːl/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ schedules n
planning emploi du temps horaire ordonnancement
A procedural plan, usually but not necessarily tabular in nature, indicating a sequence of operations and the planned times at which those operations are to occur. [from 19th c.]

schedule /ˈskɛdjuːl/ /ˈskɛdʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒul/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒəl/ /ˈskɛd͡ʒʊl/ /ˈsɛdjuːl/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒuːl/ /ˈʃeˌduːl/ /ˈʃɛdjuːl/ /ˈʃɛdʒuːl/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒu(ə)l/ /ˈʃɛd͡ʒuːl/ v
ordonnancer planifier
To create a time-schedule.
programmer prévoir
To plan an activity at a specific date or time in the future.

scheduling schedulings n
ordonnancement planification
(uncountable) A function in many aspects of industry, commerce and computing in which events are timed to take place at the most opportune time.
planification programmation
(countable) The time at which a particular event is scheduled.

scheelite scheelites n
scheelite
(mineral) A mineral composed of calcium tungstate, with the chemical formula CaWO4; an important tungsten ore.

schema /ˈskiːmə/ schemas schemata n
schéma
An outline or image universally applicable to a general conception, under which it is likely to be presented to the mind (for example, a body schema).

schematic /skiːˈmætɪk/ /skɪˈmætɪk/ more schematic most schematic adj
schématique
Represented too simply or in an overly formulaic way, reflecting a shallow or incomplete understanding of complex subject matter.
Sketchy, incomplete.
Relating to a schema.

schematic /skiːˈmætɪk/ /skɪˈmætɪk/ schematics n
schéma
A simplified line drawing used by scientists, engineers, technologists and others to illustrate a system at an abstract level. Schematic drawings often use standard symbols for clarity.

schematism schematisms n
schématisme
A schematic representation; a schema.

schematization schematizations n
schématisation
Arrangement into a scheme or schema.

schematize /ˈskiːmətaiz/ v
schématiser
(transitive) To organize according to a scheme.

scheme /skiːm/ schemes n
système
plan
A systematic plan of future action. [from 18th c.]
combine machination
A plot or secret, devious plan.
schéma
An orderly combination of related parts.
A chart or diagram of a system or object.
(mathematics) A mathematical structure that enlarges the notion of algebraic variety in several ways, such as taking account of multiplicities and allowing "varieties" defined over any commutative ring (e.g. Fermat curves over the integers).

scheme /skiːm/ v
tramer conspirer
(transitive) To plan; to contrive.

schemer /ˈskimɚ/ schemers n
machinateur
One who plots or schemes, who formulates plans.

scheming more scheming most scheming adj
intrigant
(pejorative) Tending to scheme; forming underhand plots.

schilling /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ schillings n
schilling
The old currency of Austria, divided into 100 groschen.

schindylesis schindyleses n
schindylèse

schism /ˈskɪzəm/ /ˈsɪzəm/ /ˈʃɪzəm/ schisms n
schisme
A split or separation within a group or organization, typically caused by discord.
(religion) A formal division or split within a religious body.
(Catholicism) a split within Christianity whereby a group no longer recognizes the Bishop of Rome as the head of the Church, but shares essentially the same beliefs with the Church of Rome. In other words, a political split without the introduction of heresy.

schismatic /skɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /sɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /ʃɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ [skɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [sɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] adj
schismatique
(religion) Of or pertaining to a schism.

schismatic /skɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /sɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ /ʃɪzˈmæt.ɪk/ [skɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [sɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] [ʃɪzˈmæɾ.ɪk] schismatics n
schismatique
(religion) A person involved in a schism.

schist /ʃɪst/ schists n
schiste
Any of a variety of coarse-grained crystalline metamorphic rocks with a foliated structure that allows easy division into slabs or slates.

schistosity schistosities n
schistosité
(geology) The quality or state of being schistose.

schistosomiasis schistosomiases n
schistosomiase
(pathology) Any of various diseases of humans caused by parasitic blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma.

schizencephalic adj
schizocéphale
(anatomy) Having the head split longitudinally (as a teratoid malformation)

schizocarp schizocarps n
cénocarpe schizocarpe
(botany) A dry fruit that develops from multiple carpels and splits into multiple, one-seeded mericarps at maturity

schizoid /ˈskɪdzɔɪd/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd/ more schizoid most schizoid adj
schizoïde
Characterized by social withdrawal and emotional coldness or flattened affectivity.

schizoid /ˈskɪdzɔɪd/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd/ schizoids n
schizoïde
(psychiatry) someone with schizoid personality disorder

schizoid personality disorder /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪdzɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɜɹsəˈnælɪti dɪsˈɔːdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪtsɔɪd ˌpɝsəˈnælɪɾi dɪsˈɔːɹdɚ/ schizoid personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité schizoïde
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized by social withdrawal, flat affect, very few, if any, close friends or personal relationships, excessive preoccupation with fantasy and insensitivity to prevailing social norms and conventions.

schizophasia schizophasias n
schizophasie
(psychiatry) Word salad: a nonsensical, often repetitious assemblage of words, typical of mental disorders such as schizophrenia.

schizophrenia /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪt.səˈfɹɛ.ni.ə/ /ˌskɪz.əˈfɹiː.ni.ə/ schizophrenias n
schizophrénie
(pathology) A psychiatric diagnosis denoting a persistent, often chronic, mental illness characterised by abnormal perception, thinking, behavior and emotion, often marked by delusions.
(informal, figurative) Any condition in which disparate or mutually exclusive activities coexist; a lack of decision between options.

schizophrenic /ˌskɪtsəˈfɹɛnɪk/ more schizophrenic most schizophrenic adj
schizophrène
(of a person) Afflicted with schizophrenia; having difficulty with perception of reality.

schizophrenic /ˌskɪtsəˈfɹɛnɪk/ schizophrenics n
schizophrène
A person suffering from schizophrenia.

schizophreniform adj
schizophréniforme
(pathology) Resembling or having some symptoms of schizophrenia.

schizotypal personality disorder schizotypal personality disorders n
trouble de la personnalité schizotypique
(psychiatry) A personality disorder characterized by an extreme discomfort in social situations and perceptual distortions.

schlager /ʃlɑːɡə/ schlagers n
schlager
(music, countable) A piece made in this style.

schlep /ʃlɛp/ v
coltiner trimbaler
(transitive, informal) To carry, drag, or lug.

schlub /ʃlʌb/ schlubs n
plouc
(chiefly, US, informal) A person who is clumsy, oafish, or socially awkward, or unattractive or unkempt.

schmaltzy /ˈʃmɒltsi/ schmaltzier schmaltziest adj
larmoyant tire-larmes
Overly sentimental, emotional, maudlin or bathetic.

schnapps /ʃnæps/ /ʃnɑps/ schnapps schnappses n
eau-de-vie schnaps
(uncountable) A type of distilled alcoholic beverage (liquor), often with a herbal or fruit flavoring, typically drunk neat as an apéritif or digestif.

schnauzer /ˈʃnaʊzɚ/ schnauzers n
schnauzer
A dog of a particular breed originating in Germany.

schnitzel /ˈʃnɪt.s(ə)l/ schnitzels n
schnitzel
(by extension) A Germanic dish of breaded and deep-fried meat cutlet.

schnozzle schnozzles n
blair pif tarin
(slang) The human nose, especially one that is large.

scholar /ˈskɑlɚ/ /ˈskɒlə/ scholars n
étudiant
A student; one who studies at school or college, typically having a scholarship.
expert spécialiste
A specialist in a particular branch of knowledge.
savant intellectuel érudit
A learned person; a bookman.

scholar's mate scholar's mates n
coup du berger mat du berger
(chess) The checkmate which occurs shortly after the opening, when the white queen checkmates by taking the black pawn on f7 (or the black queen taking the white pawn on f2), protected by a bishop on c4 (or c5).

scholarliness n
érudition
The state or condition of being scholarly.

scholarly more scholarly most scholarly adj
universitaire érudit
Of or relating to scholastics or scholarship.

scholarship /ˈskɑːləɹʃɪp/ /ˈskɒləʃɪp/ scholarships n
bourse bourse d'études
A grant-in-aid to a student.
érudition
(uncountable) The sum of knowledge accrued by scholars; the realm of refined learning.

scholastic /skəˈlæstɪk/ more scholastic most scholastic adj
scolaire
Of or relating to school; academic
scolastique
(philosophy) Of or relating to the philosophical tradition of scholasticism

scholastic /skəˈlæstɪk/ scholastics n
scolastique
(philosophy) A member of the medieval philosophical school of scholasticism; a medieval Christian Aristotelian.

scholasticism /skəˈlæstɪˌsɪzəm/ scholasticisms n
scolastique
(philosophy) A tradition or school of philosophy, originating in the Middle Ages, that combines classical philosophy with Catholic theology.

school /skuːl/ /skuːɫ/ schools n
école collège
(North America) An institution dedicated to teaching and learning; an educational institution.
Within a larger educational institution, an organizational unit, such as a department or institute, which is dedicated to a specific subject area.
banc
(collective) A group of fish or a group of marine mammals such as porpoises, dolphins, or whales.
collège faculté université
(British) An educational institution providing primary and secondary education, prior to tertiary education (college or university).
The canons, precepts, or body of opinion or practice, sanctioned by the authority of a particular class or age.
école
An art movement, a community of artists.
(considered collectively) The followers of a particular doctrine; a particular way of thinking or particular doctrine; a school of thought.

school board school boards n
commission scolaire conseil scolaire district scolaire division scolaire
A governing body of people elected (a board of directors or board of trustees) to oversee management of a school district and represent the interests of residents.

school bus /ˈskuːl.bʌs/ school buses school busses n
autobus scolaire bus scolaire
A bus which carries children to school.

school counselor school counselors n
conseiller scolaire conseillère scolaire
(US) A professional member of an educational team who assists students in their personal, social, academic, and career development aspects of education through services such as individual counseling, small group counseling, and classroom teaching, and provide leadership in educational reform (advocacy); traditionally known as a guidance counselor, although this term is deemed inaccurate by most professionals today.

school of hard knocks schools of hard knocks n
école de la vie école de vie
(idiomatic, chiefly, US) The source of an education consisting of real-world experiences, especially adverse experiences.

school of thought schools of thought n
école de pensée
An opinion subscribed to by some connected or arbitrary group.

school psychologist school psychologists n
psychologue scolaire
A practitioner or educator who conducts assessments to evaluate students on criteria such as intelligence, aptitude, and psychopathology. Additionally, they often consult with teachers and other school personnel to supply interventions to aid in student learning. Not to be confused with a school counselor.

school uniform school uniforms n
uniforme scolaire
A number of uniform items which must be worn by pupils/students in a school.

school year school years n
année scolaire
(education) The academic year of a school.

school-leaver school-leavers n
jeune diplômé
A high-school student who has recently graduated.

schoolbag schoolbags n
cartable sac d'école
A satchel used to carry supplies for school; a bookbag.

schoolbook schoolbooks n
manuel scolaire
A textbook, a book used, or prepared for use, in school.

schoolboy schoolboys n
élève écolier
A boy attending school.

schoolboy error schoolboy errors n
erreur de débutant erreur du débutant
(UK, informal) A fundamental, simple mistake.

schoolchild /ˈsku.əlt͡ʃaɪld/ /ˈskuːlt͡ʃaɪld/ schoolchildren n
écolier écolière élève
A young person attending school or of an age to attend school.

schoolgirl schoolgirls n
écolière élève
A girl attending school.

schoolie schoolies n
élève sortant élève sortante
(Australia) A senior school student, especially a school-leaver, engaged in unsupervised celebrations during schoolies week.

schooling /ˈskuːlɪŋ/ schoolings n
scolarité
scolarisation
Institutional education; attendance of school.

schoolmarm /ˈskulˌmɑɹm/ schoolmarms n
institutrice maîtresse d'école peau de vache
(US, slang) A female teacher, especially one seen to be old-fashioned and extremely severe and strict.

schoolmate schoolmates n
camarade école
A person who was a fellow attendee at one's school.

schoolwork /ˈskulˌwɝk/ /ˈskuːlˌwɜːk/ n
travail scolaire
Work done for school, including both in class and homework.

schooner /skuːnə(ɹ)/ schooners n
goélette
(watercraft) A sailing ship with two or more masts, all with fore-and-aft sails; if two masted, having a foremast and a mainmast.

schottische schottisches n
scottish
A partnered country dance of Bohemian origin.

schuss /ʃʊs/ v
schusser
To ski a schuss.

schwa /ʃwɑ/ /ʃwə/ v
schwa e muet
(phonetics, of a vowel sound, rare) To be reduced to schwa.

schwannoma /ʃwɒˈnəʊmə/ schwannomas schwannomata n
neurinome schwannome
A benign nerve sheath tumour composed of Schwann cells.

sci-fi /saɪ.faɪ/ n
S-F science-fiction
(colloquial)

sciaphilous more sciaphilous most sciaphilous adj
sciaphile
(botany) Tolerant of shade

sciatic /saɪˈætɪk/ adj
sciatique
Of, or relating to the ischium.

sciatica /saɪˈætɪkə/ sciaticas n
sciatique
(pathology, neurology) Neuralgia of the sciatic nerve, characterised by pain radiating down through the buttocks and the back of the thigh.

science /ˈsaɪ.əns/ sciences n
science
(countable) A particular discipline or branch of knowledge that is natural, measurable or consisting of systematic principles rather than intuition or technical skill. [from 14th c.]
(uncountable, archaic) Knowledge gained through study or practice; mastery of a particular discipline or area. [from 14th c.]
(now, only, _, theology) The fact of knowing something; knowledge or understanding of a truth. [from 14th c.]
(uncountable) The collective discipline of study or learning acquired through the scientific method; the sum of knowledge gained from such methods and discipline. [from 18th c.]

science fiction /ˈsaɪəns ˌfɪkʃən/ science fictions n
science-fiction
Fiction in which advanced technology or science is a key element.
(by extension) Technology that, while theoretically possible, is not yet practical.

science park science parks n
parc scientifique
An area with a collection of buildings dedicated to scientific research on a business footing.

scientific /ˌsaɪ.ənˈtɪfɪk/ more scientific most scientific adj
scientifique
Of, or having to do with science.

scientific method scientific methods n
méthode scientifique
(sciences) A method of discovering knowledge about the natural world based in making falsifiable predictions (hypotheses), testing them empirically, and developing theories that match known data from repeatable physical experimentation.

scientific name scientific names n
nom savant nom scientifique
A formal name according to an internationally accepted standard, especially the formal name of a taxon:

scientific notation n
notation scientifique
(mathematics) an alternative format of such a decimal number immediately followed by E and an integer

scientifically more scientifically most scientifically adv
scientifiquement
Using science or methods of science.
With regard to science.
From a scientific perspective.

scientificity scientificities n
scientificité
The quality or state of being scientific.

scientism scientisms n
scientisme
The belief that all truth is exclusively discovered through science.

scientist /ˈsaɪəntəst/ /ˈsaɪəntɪst/ scientists n
scientifique savant savante
One whose activities make use of the scientific method to answer questions regarding the measurable universe. A scientist may be involved in original research, or make use of the results of the research of others.

scientistic more scientistic most scientistic adj
scientiste

scientocracy scientocracies n
scientocratie
An elite community of scientists.

scientometrics n
scientométrie
(sciences) The scientific measurement of the work of scientists, especially by way of analysing their publications and the citations within them.

scimitar /ˈsɪmɪtɑːɹ/ /ˈsɪmɪtə(ɹ)/ scimitars n
cimeterre
A sword of Persian origin that features a curved blade.

scimitar-horned oryx scimitar-horned oryx scimitar-horned oryxes n
oryx algazelle
A critically endangered antelope, Oryx dammah, living in the arid plains and deserts of North Africa.

scintigraphy scintigraphies n
scintigraphie
(medicine) A radiographic technique, using radioactive tracers, for the diagnosis of injuries to bones

scintilla /sɪnˈtɪlə/ scintillae scintillas n
bluette étincelle
A small spark or flash.
brin lueur once
(figuratively) A small or trace amount.

scintillant /ˈsɪntɪlənt/ more scintillant most scintillant adj
scintillant
That scintillates.

scintillate /ˈsɪn.təˌleɪt/ /ˈsɪn.tɪˌleɪt/ v
scintiller
(intransitive) To give off sparks; to shine as if emanating sparks; to twinkle or glow.

scintillation /ˌsɪn.təˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪn.tɪˈleɪ.ʃən/ scintillations n
scintillation
A flash of light; a spark.
(astronomy) The twinkling of a star or other celestial body caused by turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere.

scion /ˈsaɪ.ɑn/ /ˈsaɪ.ən/ /ˈsaɪən/ scions n
descendant descendante
A descendant, especially a first-generation descendant of a distinguished family.
héritier d'un trône
The heir to a throne.
scion
(botany) A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting; a shoot or twig in a general sense.

sciophyte /ˈsaɪəˌfaɪt/ /ˈsʌɪə(ʊ)fʌɪt/ sciophytes n
sciophyte
(botany) Any plant that tolerates or thrives in a low light level (shade)

scissile /ˈsɪs.ɪl/ more scissile most scissile adj
fendable fissile scissile
Readily cut or split.

scissiparity n
scissiparité
(biology) reproduction by fission

scissor /ˈsɪzə/ /ˈsɪzɚ/ scissors n
ciseau
(rare) One blade on a pair of scissors.

scissor /ˈsɪzə/ /ˈsɪzɚ/ v
couper aux ciseaux
(transitive) To cut using, or as if using, scissors.

scissor kick scissor kicks n
ciseau ciseau retourné
(soccer) A bicycle kick.
(swimming) A leg movement in which the legs are separated and brought together with a snap.

scissor lift scissor lifts n
nacelle ciseaux

scissors /ˈsɪzəz/ /ˈsɪzɚz/ scissors n
ciseaux
(countable, usually, construed as plural) A tool used for cutting thin material, consisting of two crossing blades attached at a pivot point in such a way that the blades slide across each other when the handles are closed.
(rock paper scissors) A hand with the index and middle fingers open (a handshape resembling scissors), that beats paper and loses to rock. It beats lizard and loses to Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.

scissors-glasses scissors-glasses n
binocles-ciseaux
eyeglasses with scissoring stems, used for distance vision

sclerosis /skləˈɹəʊsɪs/ scleroses n
sclérose
(pathology) The abnormal hardening of body tissues, such as an artery; the appearance of hardenings, indurations, lesions, nodules.

sclerotin sclerotins n
sclérotine
(protein) The crosslinked protein component of the cuticles of insects.

scoff /skɑːf/ /skɒf/ /skɔːf/ scoffs n
dérision moquerie ridicule
A derisive or mocking expression of scorn, contempt, or reproach.

scoff /skɑːf/ /skɒf/ /skɔːf/ v
se moquer se gausser tourner en ridicule
(intransitive) To jeer; to laugh with contempt and derision.
engloutir
(British, Newfoundland, slang) To eat food quickly.

scold /skoʊld/ /skəʊld/ [skɒʊɫd] scolds n
chipie furie mégère
A person who habitually scolds, in particular a troublesome and angry woman.

scold /skoʊld/ /skəʊld/ [skɒʊɫd] v
gronder réprimander tancer
(ambitransitive) To rebuke angrily.

scoliosis scolioses n
scoliose
(pathology) A condition in which there is abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

scoliotic more scoliotic most scoliotic adj
scoliotique
(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or affected by scoliosis.

sconce /skɑns/ /skɒns/ sconces n
applique applique murale
A candlestick (holder for a candle, especially a circular tube, with a brim, into which a candle is inserted), either with a handle for carrying, or with a bracket for attaching to a wall.

scone /skoʊn/ /skɑn/ /skɒn/ /skəʊn/ scones n
scone
A small, rich, pastry or quick bread, sometimes baked on a griddle.

scoop /skuːp/ scoops n
cuiller pelle
Any cup- or bowl-shaped tool, usually with a handle, used to lift and move loose or soft solid material.
exclusivité scoop
A story or fact; especially, news learned and reported before anyone else.
écope
(automotive) An opening in a hood/bonnet or other body panel to admit air, usually for cooling the engine.

scoop /skuːp/ v
écoper
(transitive) To lift, move, or collect with a scoop or as though with a scoop.
creuser
(transitive) To make hollow; to dig out.

scoot over v
se décaler
(intransitive, colloquial) To move one's sitting self or seat aside, so the other person has more space.

scooter /ˈskuːtə(ɹ)/ scooters n
trottinette
A kick scooter or push scooter; a human-powered land vehicle with a handlebar, deck and wheels that is propelled by a rider pushing off the ground.
scooter
A motorscooter; a small motorcycle or moped with a step-through frame.

scope /ˈskoʊp/ /ˈskəʊp/ scopes n
portée
The breadth, depth or reach of a subject; a domain.
(slang) A periscope, telescope, microscope or oscilloscope.

scopophobia n
scopophobie

scops owl scops owls n
petit-duc hibou petit-duc
A small European migratory owl, Otus scops, that winters in sub-Saharran Africa.

scorch /skɔɹt͡ʃ/ /skɔːtʃ/ v
brûler roussir
(transitive) To burn the surface of something so as to discolour it
(ergative) (To cause) to become scorched or singed

scorched earth n
terre brûlée

scorched rice n
gratin de riz

scorched-earth policy scorched-earth policies n
politique de la terre brûlée

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ scores n
score nombre de points
The number of points accrued by each of the participants in a game, expressed as a ratio or a series of numbers.
note
The performance of an individual or group on an examination or test, expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a grade.
vingtaine
Twenty, 20.
partition conducteur partition de poche partition générale
(music) The written form of a musical composition showing all instrumental and vocal parts.
micheton
A prostitute's client.

score /sko(ː)ɹ/ /skoə/ /skɔɹ/ /skɔː/ v
entailler
(transitive) To cut a notch or a groove in a surface.
marquer
(intransitive) To record the tally of points for a game, a match, or an examination.
marquer gagner
To earn points in a game.

score off v
aplatir baiser dominer enculer humilier mortifier
(transitive, inseparable, idiomatic, slang) To defeat (especially in an argument), get the better of, achieve a success over, gain an advantage or win points over, make a point to the detriment or at the expense of, make appear foolish. Sometimes with particle on (someone).
barrer biffer blackbouler exclure flanquer dehors foutre dehors
(transitive, separable, idiomatic) To delete or remove (especially from a list); to score out, strike out or strike off, cross out or cross off; to draw a line through.

scoreboard scoreboards n
tableau d'affichage
A large board that displays the score in a game or contest.

scorecard scorecards n
carte de pointage
A printed card allowing spectators of a game to identify players and record progress.

scorer scorers n
buteur buteuse scoreur
One who scores.
One who keeps track of scores in a game; a scorekeeper.

scorn /skɔɹn/ /skɔːn/ scorns n
mépris dédain
(uncountable) Contempt or disdain.

scorn /skɔɹn/ /skɔːn/ v
mépriser dédaigner
(transitive) To feel or display contempt or disdain for something or somebody; to despise.

scornful /ˈskɔɹnfəl/ /ˈskɔːnfəl/ more scornful most scornful adj
méprisant dédaigneux
Showing scorn or disrespect; contemptuous.

scorpiology n
scorpiologie

scorpion /-pɪ.ən/ /ˈskɔɹ.pi.ən/ /ˈskɔː.pi.ən/ scorpions n
scorpion
Any of various arachnids of the order Scorpiones, related to the spiders, characterised by two large front pincers and a curved tail with a venomous sting in the end.

scorpionfish scorpionfish scorpionfishes n
rascasse
Any of the family Scorpaenidae of mostly marine fish, including many of the world's most venomous species, the "sting" taking the form of sharp spines coated with venomous mucus.

scot-free /ˌskɑtˈfɹi/ /ˌskɒtˈfɹi/ more scot-free most scot-free adj
dégrevé détaxé
(archaic) Free of scot, free of tax.

scot-free /ˌskɑtˈfɹi/ /ˌskɒtˈfɹi/ adv
en douce ni vu ni connu
(colloquial) Without consequences or penalties, free without payment.

scoter /ˈskoʊ.tɚ/ /ˈskəʊ.tə/ scoters n
macreuse
Any one of several species of northern sea ducks of the genus Melanitta.

scotia /ˈskoʊʃə/ scotias n
scotie
(architecture) A concave molding with a lower edge projecting beyond the top.

scotobiology n
scotobiologie
The study of the effects of darkness on living organisms, and on biological processes.

scoundrel /ˈskaʊ̯ndɹəl/ scoundrels n
canaille scélérat gredin gredine scélérate
A mean, worthless fellow; a rascal; a villain; a person without honour or virtue.

scour /skaʊɹ/ /ˈskaʊə/ /ˈskaʊɚ/ v
récurer verrer
(transitive) To clean, polish, or wash (something) by rubbing and scrubbing it vigorously, frequently with an abrasive or cleaning agent.
passer au peigne fin écumer
(transitive) To search an area thoroughly.
purger
(transitive, veterinary medicine) To clear the digestive tract (of an animal) by administering medication that induces defecation or vomiting; to purge.

scourge /skɜɹd͡ʒ/ /skɜːd͡ʒ/ [skɔɹd͡ʒ] scourges n
fouet écourgée
(weaponry, chiefly, historical) A whip, often made of leather and having multiple tails; a lash.
fléau
A source of persistent (and often widespread) pain and suffering or trouble, such as a cruel ruler, disease, pestilence, or war.

scout /skaʊt/ [skʌʊt] scouts n
éclaireur éclaireuse
A person sent out to gain and bring in tidings; especially, one employed in war to gain information about the enemy and ground.
scout éclaireur reconnaissance
A member of any number of youth organizations belonging to the international scout movement, such as the Boy Scouts of America or Girl Scouts of the United States.

scout /skaʊt/ [skʌʊt] v
aller en reconnaissance explorer partir en reconnaissance reconnaître le terrain
(transitive, intransitive) To explore a wide terrain, as if on a search.

scouting /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/ scoutings n
scoutisme
The Scout Movement.
The activities of boy scouts and girl scouts.

scowl /skaʊl/ scowls n
froncement
The wrinkling of the brows or face in frowning; the expression of displeasure, sullenness, or discontent in the countenance; an angry frown.

scowl /skaʊl/ v
froncer froncer les sourcils
(intransitive) To wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure; to put on a frowning look; to look sour, sullen, severe, or angry.

scrab /skɹæb/ v
schrabben
(transitive) To scrape or scratch.

scram /skɹæm/ v
décamper décaniller dégager ficher le camp s'en aller se barrer
(intransitive, originally, US, often, imperative) To leave in a hurry; to go away. [from early 20th c.]

scramble /ˈskɹæmbl̩/ scrambles n
bousculade
A rush or hurry, especially making use of the limbs against a surface.
interception
(military) An emergency defensive air force mission to intercept attacking enemy aircraft.
motocross
A motocross race.

scramble /ˈskɹæmbl̩/ v
ruer
(intransitive) To proceed to a location or an objective in a disorderly manner.
brouiller
(transitive) To process telecommunication signals to make them unintelligible to an unauthorized listener.
(transitive, military) To quickly deploy (vehicles, usually aircraft) to a destination in response to an alert, usually to intercept an attacking enemy.
faire de l'escalade
(intransitive) To ascend rocky terrain as a leisure activity.

scrambled egg scrambled eggs n
œufs brouillés
(usually, in the plural) A dish made by beating and cooking eggs, sometimes mixed with milk, and typically stirred while cooking.

scrambling scramblings n
brouillage

scramjet scramjets n
superstatoréacteur
(aeronautics) A jet engine capable of propelling an aircraft at hypersonic speeds, in which combustion of the fuel/air mixture occurs at supersonic speeds.

scrap /skɹæp/ scraps n
bout bribe
A (small) piece; a fragment; a detached, incomplete portion.
litige
A fight, tussle, skirmish.
reste
(usually, in the plural) Leftover food.
ferraille
(uncountable) Discarded objects (especially metal) that may be dismantled to recover their constituent materials, junk.

scrap dealer scrap dealers n
ferrailleur ferrailleuse épaviste

scrap paper n
brouillon vieux papiers
Used paper, to be reused for jotting notes etc.

scrape /skɹeɪp/ v
gratter racler
(ambitransitive) To draw (an object, especially a sharp or angular one), along (something) while exerting pressure.
effleurer
(transitive) To injure or damage by rubbing across a surface.

scrape together v
rassembler
(idiomatic) To collect, assemble or gather small amounts (especially of money), from various sources, with some difficulty

scraper /ˈskɹeɪpə/ /ˈskɹeɪpɚ/ scrapers n
grattoir
An instrument with which anything is scraped.

scrapie /ˈskɹeɪpi/ scrapies n
tremblante du mouton
A degenerative prion disease of sheep and goats that attacks the central nervous system.

scraping scrapings n
raclement
Something removed by being scraped.

scrappy /ˈskɹæpi/ scrappier scrappiest adj
désordonné
bagarreur hargneux
(informal) Having an aggressive spirit; inclined to fight or strive.

scrapyard scrapyards n
casse
A junkyard, a place where scrap is stored, discarded or resold.

scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/ scratches n
rayure égratignure éraflure
A disruption, mark or shallow cut on a surface made by scratching.
blé flouze grisbi pognon thune
(slang) Money.

scratch /skɹæt͡ʃ/ v
gratter
To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.
piquer
To irritate someone's skin with one's unshaven beard when kissing.
égratigner gratter
To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation; to cause itching.
rayer
To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a scratch (noun).
biffer oblitérer rayer
Hence, to remove, ignore, or delete.
griffonner
To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl.
griffer
To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.

scratch card scratch cards n
carte à gratter jeu de grattage billet à gratter gratteux ticket à gratter
(gambling) A lottery ticket containing sections covered with an opaque waxy film which may be removed by scratching to reveal symbols that show whether or not a prize has been won.

scratching post scratching posts n
griffoir
A wooden post, wrapped in a piece of carpet (or similar material), that a domestic cat is encouraged to scratch (rather than the furniture).

scratchpad scratchpads n
bloc-notes
A pad of paper for preliminary notes or sketches or writings, etc.
(computing, in transaction processing systems) A piece of temporary memory to hold details of a current conversation, usually scratchpad memory.

scrawl /skɹɑːl/ /skɹɔːl/ scrawls n
gribouillage griffonnage
Irregular, possibly illegible handwriting.

scrawl /skɹɑːl/ /skɹɔːl/ v
griffonner
(intransitive) To write in an irregular or illegible manner.

scrawny /ˈskɹɑni/ /ˈskɹɔni/ /ˈskɹɔːni/ scrawnier scrawniest adj
famélique maigrichon
Thin, malnourished, and weak.

scream /skɹim/ /skɹiːm/ screams n
cri
A loud, emphatic, exclamation of extreme emotion, especially horror, fear, excitement, or anger; it may comprise a word or a sustained, high-pitched vowel sound.

scream /skɹim/ /skɹiːm/ v
crier
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To cry out with a shrill voice; to utter a sudden, shout outcry, or shrill, loud cry, as in fright or extreme pain; to screech, to shriek.

scream bloody murder v
crier au meurtre crier à l'assassin
(intransitive, idiomatic) To scream loudly in fear, pain, etc.

scream blue murder /ˈskɹiːm bluː ˈmɚɾɚ/ /ˈskɹiːm bluː ˈmɜː(ɹ)də(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹiːm bluː ˈmɝdɚ/ v
crier au meurtre crier à l'assassin
(This entry is a translation hub.) To protest loudly or angrily.

scream queen /ˈskɹim kwin/ /ˈskɹiːm kwiːn/ scream queens n
scream queen
(informal) An actress who appears in several horror films.

screamer /ˈskɹimɚ/ /ˈskɹiːmə/ screamers n
braillard braillarde brailleur brailleuse
One who screams; one who shouts; one who sings harshly.
anhimidés
Any bird in the taxonomic family Anhimidae, endemic to South America, being large, bulky birds with a small downy head, long legs and large feet.

screaming sixties n
soixantièmes mugissants
The area of the earth between 60 and 70 degrees south, prone to strong winds and extreme waves.

scree /skɹi/ /skɹiː/ screes n
éboulis pierrier
(uncountable) Loose stony debris on a slope. [from early 18th c.]

screech /skɹiːt͡ʃ/ [skɹit͡ʃ] [skɹiːt͡ʃ] screeches n
crissement
(countable) A high-pitched strident or piercing sound, such as that between a moving object and any surface.

screech /skɹiːt͡ʃ/ [skɹit͡ʃ] [skɹiːt͡ʃ] v
striduler
To make such a sound.

screech owl screech owls n
petit-duc maculé
Any New World owl of genus Megascops.

screed /skɹid/ /skɹiːd/ screeds n
diatribe harangue litanie tirade
(by extension) A speech or piece of writing which contains angry and extended criticism. [from late 18th c.]
chape
A smooth, flat layer of concrete, plaster, or similar material, especially if acting as a base for paving stones, tiles, wooden planks, etc.

screed /skɹid/ /skɹiːd/ v
araser
(transitive, construction, masonry) To use a screed to produce a smooth, flat surface of concrete, plaster, or similar material; also (generally) to put down a layer of concrete, plaster, etc.

screen /skɹiːn/ [skɹ̥ʷɪi̯n] screens n
paravent écran
A physical divider intended to block an area from view, or provide shelter from something dangerous.
One of the individual regions of a video game, etc. divided into separate screens.
écran
The informational viewing area of electronic devices, where output is displayed.
The viewing surface or area of a movie, or moving picture or slide presentation.

screen capture screen captures n
capture d'écran
A picture or image captured from a computer screen; a screenshot.

screen door screen doors n
porte moustiquaire
(US) A light door of mesh, outside of another door, used to prevent ingress by insects.

screen name screen names n
alias pseudonyme
a pseudonym used for Internet communications

screen printing n
sérigraphie
A printing technique in which ink is forced through a woven mesh with an ink-blocking stencil on it.

screen time screen times n
temps d'écran
The amount of time a person spends using screen-accessed technology (such as television, a computer, a smartphone, etc.).

screening /ˈskɹiːnɪŋ/ screenings n
protection
(uncountable) Mesh material that is used to screen (as in a "screen door").
dépistage
(medicine) Identifying cases of a disease in a population of asymptomatic persons.
projection
The showing of a film, typically by projecting it on a screen.

screenplay /ˈskɹiːnˌpleɪ/ screenplays n
scénario
(authorship, cinematography) A script for a movie or a television show.

screensaver screensavers n
écran de veille
(software) A computer program that displays aesthetic patterns or images when the computer is not being used, originally intended to prevent screenburn.

screenshot /ˈskriːn.ʃɑt/ /ˈskriːn.ʃɒt/ screenshots n
capture d'écran
(computing) An image of computer or smartphone screen output at a given moment in time.

screenwriter screenwriters n
scénariste
One who writes for the screen, who writes drama for film or television; especially a professional who knows the conventions appropriate to such work.

screw /skɹuː/ screws n
hélice vis
(nautical) A ship's propeller.
vis
A steam vessel propelled by a screw instead of wheels.
(slang, derogatory) An extortioner; a sharp bargainer; a skinflint.
visser
(vulgar, slang) Sexual intercourse; the act of screwing.

screw /skɹuː/ v
visser
(transitive) To connect or assemble pieces using a screw.
baiser niquer fourrer foutre coucher avec
(ambitransitive, vulgar, slang) To have sexual intercourse with.
tricher
(transitive) To extort or practice extortion upon; to oppress by unreasonable or extortionate exactions; to put the screws on.

screw it interjection
fais chier fait chier
(mildly, _, vulgar, slang) Expression of frustration or contempt.

screw pine screw pines n
pandanus
(AU) The tree Pandanus spindalis.
Any species in the genus Pandanus

screw the pooch v
tout foutre en l'air
(idiomatic) To screw up; to fail in dramatic and ignominious fashion.

screw this interjection
et puis merde j'en ai rien à faire je m'en fous

screw thread screw threads n
filet filetage
(engineering) A helical ridge formed around a cylinder, or a helical groove formed around the inner wall of a bore, used mostly on fasteners and their connection points.

screw up v
chiffonner foutre en l’air plisser
foirer
(transitive, colloquial) To make a mess of; to ruin.
foirer gaffer
(intransitive, colloquial) To blunder; to make a mistake.

screwball /ˈskɹuːbɔːl/ screwballs n
fêlé
(US) One who behaves in a crazy manner.

screwdriver screwdrivers n
tournevis
A hand tool or power tool which engages with the head of a screw and allows torque to be applied to turn the screw, thus driving it in or loosening it.

screwed more screwed most screwed adj
foutu
(slang, mildly, _, vulgar) Beset with unfortunate circumstances that seem difficult or impossible to overcome; in imminent danger.

scribble /ˈskɹɪbəl/ v
gribouiller griffonner
(ambitransitive) To write or draw carelessly and in a hurry.
gribouiller
To doodle.

scribbler /ˈskɹɪblə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹɪbələ(ɹ)/ scribblers n
gribouilleur gribouilleuse plumitif
One who scribbles; a hasty or untalented writer or artist.

scribe /skɹaɪb/ scribes n
scribe
Someone who writes; a draughtsperson; a writer for another; especially, an official or public writer; an amanuensis, secretary, notary, or copyist.
(archaic) A writer and doctor of the law; one skilled in the law and traditions; one who read and explained the law to the people.

scribing iron scribing irons n
pointe à tracer

scrimshaw /-ˌʃɑ/ /ˈskɹɪmʃɔː/ /ˈskɹɪmˌʃɔ/ scrimshaws n
scrimshaw
(countable) A small ornamental handicraft created by carving or engraving bone (originally whalebone or whales' teeth), ivory, or other materials, formerly produced by sailors on whaling ships to pass the time on long voyages. [from mid 19th c.]
(uncountable) The manufacture of small ornamental handicrafts by carving or engraving bone, ivory, or other materials, formerly by sailors on whaling ships to pass the time on long voyages. [from mid 19th c.]

script /skɹɪpt/ scripts n
écrit
(countable, obsolete) A writing; a written document.
écriture
Written characters; style of writing.
scénario script
(countable) The written document containing the dialogue and action for a drama; the text of a stage play, movie, or other performance. Especially, the final form used for the performance itself.
script
(computing) A file containing a list of user commands, allowing them to be invoked once to execute in sequence.
écriture script
(linguistics) A system of writing adapted to a particular language or set of languages.

script kiddie script kiddies n
script kiddie
(informal, derogatory) A (usually amateur) hacker who compromises files on others' computers or launches attacks on computer systems, using widely distributed computer programs or scripts rather than developing their own.

script supervisor script supervisors n
scripte
A member of a film crew responsible for maintaining the film's internal continuity and for marking the production unit's daily progress in shooting the film's screenplay.

scriptorium /skɹɪpˈtɔɹ.i.əm/ /skɹɪpˈtɔː.ɹɪəm/ scriptoria scriptoriums n
scriptorium
(countable) A room set aside for the copying, writing, or illuminating of manuscripts and records, especially such a room in a monastery.

scripture /ˈskɹɪptʃə/ /ˈskɹɪpt͡ʃɚ/ scriptures n
écriture
A sacred writing or holy book.

scrivener /ˈskɹɪvnə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɹɪvənəɹ/ scriveners n
scribe écrivain public
A professional writer; one whose occupation is to draw contracts or prepare writings.

scrobiculate more scrobiculate most scrobiculate adj
scrobiculé

scrofula /ˈskɹɒfjʊlə/ /ˈskɹɔfjələ/ scrofulae scrofulas scrofulæ n
écrouelles scrofule
(pathology) A form of tuberculosis, most common in women 30-40 years of age, tending to cause enlarged and degenerated lymph nodes, especially in the neck, and often chronic, intractable skin inflammation as well.

scrofulous /ˈskɹɒfjʊləs/ /ˈskɹɔfjələs/ more scrofulous most scrofulous adj
scrofuleux
(pathology, dated) Of, related to, or suffering from scrofula (form of tuberculosis tending to cause enlarged lymph nodes and skin inflammation).

scroll /skɹoʊl/ scrolls n
rouleau volumen papyrus rotulus
A roll of paper or parchment; a writing formed into a roll.
rouleau volute volumen papyrus rotulus
(architectural element) An ornament formed of undulations giving off spirals or sprays, usually suggestive of plant form. Roman architectural ornament is largely of some scroll pattern.
volute coquille
(lutherie) The carved end of a violin, viola, cello or other stringed instrument, most commonly scroll-shaped but occasionally in the form of a human or animal head.

scroll /skɹoʊl/ v
faire défiler scroller
(transitive, computing, GUI) To change one's view of data on a computer's display by moving in gradual increments, typically using a scroll bar or a scroll wheel..

scroll bar scroll bars n
ascenseur barre de défilement
(computing, GUI) A graphical widget in the form of a horizontal or vertical bar, on the edges of a personal computer screen, that is used to move scrollable text or images.

scroll wheel scroll wheels n
molette
(computing) A hard plastic or rubbery disc on a computer mouse, used for scrolling.

scrotal adj
scrotal
Of or relating to the scrotum.
(zoology) With a visible scrotum.

scrotum /ˈskɹoʊ.təm/ /ˈskɹəʊ.təm/ scrota scrotums n
scrotum
(anatomy) The sac of skin and muscle that contains the testicles in most mammals.

scrounge /skɹaʊnd͡ʒ/ v
glaner
(intransitive, transitive) To hunt about, especially for something of nominal value; to scavenge or glean.
quémander profiter
(intransitive) To obtain something of moderate or inconsequential value from another.

scrounger scroungers n
parasite profiteur
One who scrounges.

scrub /skɹʌb/ scrubs n
broussaille
(US, stock breeding) One of the common livestock of a region of no particular breed or not of pure breed, especially when inferior in size, etc. Often used to refer to male animals unsuited for breeding.
blouse médicale
(medicine, in the plural) Clothing worn while performing surgery.

scrub /skɹʌb/ v
frotter récurer
(transitive) To rub hard; to wash with rubbing; usually, to rub with a wet brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose of cleaning or brightening
annuler
(transitive) To call off a scheduled event; to cancel.

scrubbing brush scrubbing brushes n
éponge à récurer
A short brush with stiff bristles, held in the hand, used for scrubbing floors etc.

scruffy /ˈskɹaf.i/ /ˈskɹʌf.i/ scruffier scruffiest adj
débraillé négligé
Untidy in appearance.

scrum /skɹʌm/ scrums n
scrum
mêlée
(rugby) In rugby union or rugby league, all the forwards joined together in an organised way.

scrum-half scrum-halves n
demi de mêlée
(rugby) player who introduces the ball into a scrum.

scrumptious /ˈskɹʌm(p)ʃəs/ more scrumptious most scrumptious adj
délicieux succulent
Of food: delectable, delicious.

scrunchie /ˈskɹʌnt͡ʃi/ scrunchies n
chouchou
A small elasticated ring of fabric placed around long hair to hold it in place behind the head.

scruple /ˈskɹupəl/ /ˈskɹuːpəl/ scruples n
scrupule
Hesitation to act from the difficulty of determining what is right or expedient; doubt, hesitation or unwillingness due to motives of conscience.

scrupulously /ˈskɹuːpjʊləsli/ more scrupulously most scrupulously adv
scrupuleusement
In a careful manner, with scruple; done with careful attention to detail.

scrutinize /ˈskɹutn̩ˌaɪz/ /ˈskɹuːtɨnaɪz/ v
scruter
(transitive) To examine something with great care or detail, as to look for hidden or obscure flaws.
dépouiller
(transitive) To audit accounts etc in order to verify them.

scuba diving /ˈskuːbə ˈdaɪ.vɪŋ/ n
plongée sous-marine
(underwater diving) Underwater swimming using scuba equipment.

scuff mark scuff marks n
éraflure
A mark on something caused by something else scuffing against it.

scuffle /ˈskʌfəl/ scuffles n
échauffourée rixe
A rough, disorderly fight or struggle at close quarters.
binette
A Dutch hoe, manipulated by both pushing and pulling.

scull /skʌl/ sculls n
skiff
A small rowing boat, for one person.

scullery /ˈskʌləɹi/ sculleries n
arrière-cuisine souillarde
(archaic) A small room, next to a kitchen, where washing up and other domestic chores are done.

scullery maid scullery maids n
fille de cuisine
(historical, in large houses) A domestic servant, of lowest status, whose job is to wash dishes and do other menial chores.

sculpt /skʌlpt/ v
sculpter
(intransitive) To work as a sculptor.

sculptor /ˈskʌlptɚ/ sculptors n
sculpteur
A person who sculpts; an artist who produces sculpture.

sculpture /ˈskʌlptj(ʊ)ə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃə/ /ˈskʌlpt͡ʃɚ/ sculptures n
sculpture
(countable) A three dimensional work of art created by shaping malleable objects and letting them harden or by chipping away pieces from a rock (sculpting).
Works of art created by sculpting, as a group.

scum /skʌm/ scums n
couche crasse mousse écume
(uncountable) A layer of impurities that accumulates at the surface of a liquid (especially molten metal or water).
drigaille ordure racaille salaud
(derogatory, slang) A reprehensible person or persons.

scumbag scumbags n
enfoiré sac à merde salaud
(informal, mildly, vulgar) A sleazy, disreputable or despicable person; lowlife.

scupper /ˈskʌp.ə/ /ˈskʌp.ɚ/ scuppers n
dalot
(nautical) A drainage hole on the deck of a ship.

scurry /ˈskɜɹ.i/ /ˈskʌɹ.i/ v
détaler se sauver
To run with quick light steps, to scamper.

scurvy /ˈskɜːvi/ /ˈskɝvi/ scurvies n
scorbut
(disease) A disease caused by insufficient intake of vitamin C, leading to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums, loosening of the teeth and bleeding into the skin and from almost all mucous membranes.

scurvy-grass scurvy-grasses n
cochléaire cranson
Any of several European plants, of the genus Cochlearia, formerly believed useful in treating scurvy.

scutch /skʌt͡ʃ/ scutches n
écang
(countable) A wooden implement shaped like a large knife used to separate the valuable fibres of flax or hemp by beating them and scraping from it the woody or coarse portions.

scutch /skʌt͡ʃ/ v
écanguer
To separate the woody fibre from (flax, hemp, etc.) by beating; to swingle.

scutellum scutella n
scutellum
Any of several shield-shaped structures in insects, grasses etc

scuttle /ˈskʌ.təl/ [ˈskʌ.təɫ] [ˈskʌ.tɫ̩] [ˈskʌ.ɾəɫ] [ˈskʌ.ɾɫ̩] scuttles n
écoutille
A small hatch or opening in a boat, sometimes one used for draining water from open deck.

scuttle /ˈskʌ.təl/ [ˈskʌ.təɫ] [ˈskʌ.tɫ̩] [ˈskʌ.ɾəɫ] [ˈskʌ.ɾɫ̩] v
saborder saboter
(transitive) To deliberately sink one's ship or boat by any means, usually by order of the vessel's commander or owner.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ scythes n
faux
An instrument for mowing grass, grain, etc. by hand, composed of a long, curving blade with a sharp concave edge, fastened to a long handle called a snath. [before 10th century]
(historical) A scythe-shaped blade attached to ancient war chariots.
(cartomancy) The tenth Lenormand card.

scythe /ˈsaɪð/ /ˈsaɪθ/ v
faucher
(transitive) To cut off as with a scythe; to mow. [from 1590s]

scythed chariot scythed chariots n
char à faux

scyther scythers n
faucheur faucheuse

sea /seɪ/ /siː/ seas n
mer
The ocean; the continuous body of salt water covering a majority of the Earth's surface.

sea anemone sea anemones n
anémone de mer
Any of many polyps, of the order Actiniaria, which occurs in marine and estuarine habitats, and which captures its food using tentacles.

sea bass /ˈsiːbæs/ sea bass sea basses n
bar bar commun bar européen loubine loup loup de mer
Any of various species of saltwater fish in various families, or a specimen thereof, in several families in order Perciformes

sea bluebell sea bluebells n
mertensie maritime
Mertensia maritima, a flowering plant in the genus Boraginaceae.

sea buckthorn sea buckthorns n
argousier
Any deciduous shrub of the genus Hippophae.

sea change /ˈsiːˌt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ/ sea changes n
changement en profondeur
(idiomatic) A profound transformation; a metamorphosis.

sea cucumber sea cucumbers n
holothurie bêche-de-mer
An echinoderm of the class Holothuroidea, with an elongated body and leathery skin.

sea daffodil sea daffodils n
lis de mer lis des sables lis maritime
Pancratium maritimum, a coastal plant.

sea eagle sea eagles n
pygargue
A genus of eagles (genus Haliaeetus).

sea green adj
bleu-vert vert d'eau vert de mer vert marin
Of a blue-green colour, mostly green.

sea hare sea hares n
lièvre de mer
Any member of the order Aplysiamorpha or Anaspidea, large marine gastropod molluscs with a soft internal shell made of protein.

sea holly sea hollies n
panicaut maritime
The plant Eryngium maritimum.

sea horse sea horses n
hippocampe
Any of various small marine fish of the genus Hippocampus that have a horselike head and swim upright.

sea lamprey sea lampreys n
lamproie marine
A parasitic lamprey found in Europe and North America, Petromyzon marinus.

sea legs n
pied marin
(idiomatic, nautical) The ability, when walking aboard a ship, to anticipate the motion of the deck so as to walk steadily without losing balance.

sea lettuce sea lettuces n
laitue de mer
Any of several edible seaweeds of the genus Ulva.

sea level sea levels n
niveau de la mer
The nominal height of the surface of the oceans above which heights of geographical features and aircraft flight levels are measured.

sea lily sea lilies n
lis de mer
Any of several stalked crinoids, which use the stalk to fix themselves in the bottom of the sea.

sea lion /ˈsiː ˈlaɪən/ /ˈsiːˌlaɪən/ sea lions n
otarie
A marine mammal of any of several genera in the family Otariidae (the eared seals).

sea monster sea monsters n
monstre marin
(mythological creature) A large and aggressive creature living in or under the sea that attacks ships.

sea onion sea onions n
oignon marin scille maritime scille rouge
A sea squill (Drimia maritima), a plant native to Mediterranean and adjoining coasts.

sea otter sea otters n
loutre de mer
A marine mammal native to the northern Pacific Ocean, Enhydra lutris.

sea pie sea pies n
cipaille
A dish of crust or pastry with meat or fish, etc., cooked together in alternate layers, once a common food of sailors.

sea room n
mer libre
The space at sea necessary to manoeuvre a ship.

sea salt sea salts n
sel marin
salt prepared by evaporating seawater.

sea serpent sea serpents n
serpent de mer
Any unidentified sea monster, especially one resembling a snake or dragon.

sea snail sea snails n
bigorneau

sea snake sea snakes n
serpent marin
Any of several snakes, of the subfamily Hydrophiinae, that live in the waters of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

sea spider sea spiders n
araignée de mer
A spider crab.

sea stack /ˈsi ˌstæk/ /ˈsiː ˌstæk/ sea stacks n
stack
(chiefly, Britain, geology) A pillar of rock that rises from the ocean, formed by surrounding softer ground eroding away.

sea turtle sea turtles n
tortue marine
Any turtle that inhabits oceans.

sea urchin /ˈsi ˌɝtʃɪ̈n/ sea urchins n
oursin hérisson de mer
Any of many marine echinoderms, of the class Echinoidea, commonly found in shallow water, having a complex chewing structure named Aristotle's lantern.

seabed seabeds n
fond marin
The floor or bottom of the sea or ocean.

seabird /ˈsiːbɜː(ɹ)d/ seabirds n
oiseau de mer oiseau marin
Any bird that spends most of its time in coastal waters or over the oceans.

seaborgium /siːˈbɔːɹɡiəm/ n
seaborgium
A transuranic chemical element (symbol Sg) with atomic number 106

seabream seabream seabreams n
dorade
Any of several species of marine fish of the families Sparidae or Bramidae found in shallow temperate and tropical waters around the World.

seadog seadogs n
loup de mer
A sailor accustomed to the sea.

seafarer seafarers n
marin
One who travels by sea.

seafloor seafloors n
fond marin
The bottom of a sea or ocean.

seafloor spreading seafloor spreadings n
expansion des fonds océaniques
(geology) The outward movement of the seafloor from central underwater ridges as a result of plate tectonics; the major cause of continental drift.

seafood /ˈsiːfuːd/ seafoods n
fruits de mer
Fish, shellfish, seaweed, and other edible aquatic life.

seagrass seagrasses n
herbier marin posidonie
Any of various grass-like marine plants that grow underwater in salt water.

seal /siːl/ seals n
phoque
A pinniped (Pinnipedia), particularly an earless seal (true seal) or eared seal.
sceau
A stamp used to impress a design on a soft substance such as wax.
A design or insignia usually associated with an organization or an official role.
joint
A tight closure, secure against leakage.

seal /siːl/ v
sceller
(transitive) To place a seal on (a document).
cacheter
(transitive) To close securely to prevent leakage.

sealant /ˈsiːlənt/ sealants n
enduit étanche
Any material used to seal a surface so as to prevent passage of a fluid.

sealing wax /ˈsiːlɪŋ ˌwæks/ sealing waxes n
cire à cacheter
Wax formerly melted onto a letter to seal it; the picture of the sender's seal was often pressed into the wax as evidence that the letter had not been opened.

sealskin sealskins n
phoque
A type of fabric made from the skin of seals.

seam /siːm/ seams n
couture
(sewing) A folded-back and stitched piece of fabric; especially, the stitching that joins two or more pieces of fabric.
suture
A suture.
veine
(geology) A thin stratum, especially of an economically viable material such as coal or mineral.
jointure
(construction, nautical) A joint formed by mating two separate sections of materials.
cicatrice
A line or depression left by a cut or wound; a scar; a cicatrix.

seam allowance /ˈsiːm əˌlaʊ.ənts/ seam allowances n
valeurs de couture
(sewing) The part of the material or fabric added to the dimensions of a sewing pattern outside the seam.

seaman /ˈsiːmən/ seamen n
matelot
(British, Navy) A person of the lowest rank in the Navy, below able seaman.

seamanship /ˈsiː.mənˌʃɪp/ seamanships n
qualités de marin
(nautical) Skill in, and knowledge of, the work of navigating, maintaining, and operating a vessel at sea.

seamed stocking seamed stockings n
bas couture
A women's stocking having seams up the back, formerly common but now generally worn for effect.

seamless adj
inconsutile sans couture
(not comparable) Having no seams.
homogène intégré
Without interruption; coherent

seamount seamounts n
piton sous-marin
(oceanography) An underwater mountain with a prominence of more than 1,000 metres, which does not breach the water's surface.

seamster seamsters seamstress n
couturier
A person who sews clothes professionally

seamstress /ˈsiːm(p).stɹɪs/ /ˈsɛm(p).stɹɪs/ seamstresses n
couturière
A woman who sews clothes professionally.

seaplane seaplanes n
hydravion
(aircraft, nautical) Any aircraft capable of taking off from, and alighting on the surface of water.

sear /sɪə(ɹ)/ /sɪɚ/ sears n
gâchette
Part of a gun that retards the hammer until the trigger is pulled.

sear /sɪə(ɹ)/ /sɪɚ/ v
saisir brûler calciner griller marquer
(transitive) To char, scorch, or burn the surface of (something) with a hot instrument.

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ searches n
recherche
An attempt to find something.

search /sɑː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ /sɜːt͡ʃ/ /sɝt͡ʃ/ v
chercher fouiller
(transitive) To look in (a place) for something.
chercher
(intransitive, followed by "for") To look thoroughly.

search and rescue search and rescues searches and rescues n
recherche et intervention en milieu périlleux
An effort to save persons whose locations are not precisely known from hazardous situations.

search engine search engines n
moteur de recherche
(computing) An application that searches for, and retrieves, data based on some criteria, especially one that searches the Internet for documents containing specified words.

search warrant search warrants n
mandat de perquisition
(legal) A court order in the form of a warrant, authorizing the search of a home and/or other privacy-protected place(s), notably to seek unlawful possessions, evidence etc. as part of a judicial inquiry

searcher /ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝt͡ʃɚ/ searchers n
chercheur
One who searches.

searchlight searchlights n
projecteur
A light source that projects a bright beam of light in any direction, generally for military use.
faisceau
The light from the above source.

seascape seascapes n
marine
A piece of art that depicts the sea or shoreline.

seashell seashells n
coquille
The empty shell of a marine mollusk.

seashore /ˈsiːʃo(ː)ɹ/ /ˈsiːʃoə/ /ˈsiːʃɔɹ/ /ˈsiːʃɔː/ seashores n
rivage bord de mer rive
The coastal land bordering a sea or an ocean.

seasickness /ˈsiːsɪk.nəs/ seasicknesses n
mal de mer naupathie
Nausea, dizziness etc caused by the motion of a ship; a form of motion sickness.

seaside adj
littoral
Related to a seaside.

seaside seasides n
côte littoral rivage
The area by and around the sea; including the beach, promenade or cliffs

seaside resort seaside resorts n
station balnéaire
A coastal location specialising in catering for holidays (vacations).

season /ˈsiː.zən/ seasons n
saison
A part of a year when something particular happens.
(North America, Australia, broadcasting) A group of episodes of a television or radio program broadcast in regular intervals with a long break between each group, usually with one year between the beginning of each.
temps
(archaic) An extended, undefined period of time.

season /ˈsiː.zən/ v
assaisonner épicer
(transitive) To flavour food with spices, herbs or salt.
aguerrir
(intransitive) To become mature; to grow fit for use; to become adapted to a climate.

season ticket season tickets n
abonnement
A ticket that is valid for all of the events in a series of related events for which individual tickets would otherwise be needed.

seasonably more seasonably most seasonably adv
au temps convenable
In due season; at an opportune or fitting time.

seasonal /ˈsiːzənəl/ more seasonal most seasonal adj
saisonnier
Of, related to, or reliant on a season or period of the year, especially with regard to weather characteristics.

seasonal affective disorder n
dépression hivernale dépression saisonnière
(psychology) A form of depression associated with the lack of natural light during the winter months.

seasonal worker seasonal workers n
travailleur saisonnier

seasoned /ˈsiːzənd/ more seasoned most seasoned adj
aguerri chevronné
Experienced, especially in terms of a profession or a hobby

seasoning seasonings n
assaisonnement épice
(cooking) Something used to add taste or flavour to food, such as salt and pepper or other condiment, herb or spice.
sèchage
The air drying of wood.

seat /siːt/ seats n
assise siège
The horizontal portion of a chair or other furniture designed for sitting.
chaise fond siège
The part of a piece of clothing (usually pants or trousers) covering the buttocks.
place siège
A place in which to sit.
siège séant
The part of an object or individual (usually the buttocks) directly involved in sitting.
assise fond
(law, E&W) One of a series of departmental placements given to a trainee solicitor as part of their training contract.
siège
The location of a governing body.
(figuratively) A membership in an organization, particularly a representative body.

seat at the table n
voix au chapitre

seat belt seat belts n
ceinture de sécurité
A restraining belt attached to a vehicle seat and fastened around occupants in order to keep them in place and decelerate them smoothly rather than suddenly in an accident, mitigating the risk of injury from uncontrolled impact with injurious objects.

seawall seawalls n
digue
A coastal defence in the form of a wall or an embankment.

seawater seawaters n
eau de mer
The saltwater of a sea or ocean.

seaweed seaweeds n
algues marines
Any of numerous marine plants and algae, such as a kelp.

seaworthy /ˈsiːwɜːði/ /ˈsiːwɝði/ seaworthier seaworthiest adj
en état de naviguer en état de navigabilité
Fit for service at sea.

sebacate sebacates n
sébacate sébaçate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of sebacic acid

sebacic adj
sébacique
Of or pertaining to sebacic acid or its derivatives

sebiferous more sebiferous most sebiferous adj
sébifère

sebum /ˈsibm̩/ seba sebums n
sébum
(physiology) A thick oily substance, secreted by the sebaceous glands of the skin, that consists of fat, keratin and cellular debris.

secant /ˈsiːkənt/ secants n
sécante
(trigonometry) In a right triangle, the reciprocal of the cosine of an angle. Symbol: sec

secede /sɪˈsiːd/ v
faire sécession
(intransitive) To split from or to withdraw from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.
(transitive, uncommon) To split or to withdraw one or more constituent entities from membership of a political union, an alliance or an organisation.

secession /səˈsɛʃən/ secessions n
sécession
The act of seceding.

secessionism secessionisms n
sécessionnisme

secessionist secessionists n
sécessionniste
A person who secedes or supports secession from a political union or an alliance or organisation.

secluded /səˈkluːdɪd/ more secluded most secluded adj
isolé retiré
Hidden, isolated, remote.

seclusion /səˈkluːʒən/ seclusions n
isolement séclusion
The act of secluding, shutting out or keeping apart.
The state of being secluded or shut out, as from company, society, the world, etc.; solitude.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkɪnd/ adj
deuxième second deux
Number-two; following after the first one with nothing between them. The ordinal number corresponding to the cardinal number two.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ seconds n
seconde seconde d'angle instant
A unit of time historically and commonly defined as a sixtieth of a minute which the International System of Units more precisely defines as the duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of radiation corresponding to the transition between two hyperfine levels of caesium-133 in a ground state at a temperature of absolute zero and at rest.
seconde seconde d'angle
A unit of angle equal to one-sixtieth of a minute of arc or one part in 3600 of a degree.
seconde instant
(informal) A short, indeterminate amount of time.

second /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ /ˈsɛkənd/ /ˈsɛkɪnd/ seconds n
article de second choix
(usually, in the plural) A manufactured item that, though still usable, fails to meet quality control standards.
rab
(usually, in the plural) An additional helping of food.
seconde
(music) The interval between two adjacent notes in a diatonic scale (either or both of them may be raised or lowered from the basic scale via any type of accidental).

second /səˈkɑnd/ /səˈkɒnd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nd/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)nt/ v
soutenir
(transitive) To assist or support; to back.

second base n
deuxième base deuxième but
(baseball) The base opposite home plate in a baseball infield.

second chance second chances n
deuxième chance seconde chance
An opportunity to redeem oneself after a previous error or failure.

second coming second comings n
retour
(Christianity) The prophesied return of Jesus Christ.

second cousin second cousins n
cousin issu de germain cousine issue de germain
A grandchild of a grandparent's sibling.
A relative who has with the other person only two great-grandparents in common, but where the parents and grandparents are different.

second derivative second derivatives n
dérivée seconde

second fiddle second fiddles n
second violon
(music) A fiddle part in harmony to the first fiddle.
(music) The person playing second fiddle.
second couteau
(idiomatic) A sidekick or subordinate, or the role of such a person.

second grade second grades n
CE1
(US, education) The period in school that comes after first grade and before third grade.

second hand /ˈsɛkənd ˌhænd/ second hands n
trotteuse aiguille des secondes
On a clock or watch, the hand or pointer that shows the number of seconds that have passed.

second helping second helpings n
deuxième portion
A second portion of the same thing, usually of food; seconds; refill.

second language second languages n
première langue
A language that is spoken by someone but is not their mother tongue.

second leg second legs n
match retour retour

second lieutenant second lieutenants n
sous-lieutenant
The lowest rank of a commissioned officer in the United States Army, United States Air Force, or United States Marine Corps, below a first lieutenant. The rank of second lieutenant is equivalent to the naval rank of ensign.

second nature n
seconde nature
(idiomatic) A mindset, skill, or type of behavior so ingrained through habit or practice that it seems natural, automatic, or without a basis in conscious thought.

second of arc seconds of arc n
seconde d’arc
An angle, one sixtieth (1/60th) of a minute of arc or one 3600th of a degree.

second person second persons n
deuxième personne
(grammar) The form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is the audience. In English, the second person is used with the pronouns thou and you. In many languages the singular, applying to one person, and plural, applying to several people, are distinct.

second to none adj
hors pair sans égal
As good as the best, as in quality or reputation; inferior to no one else or to nothing else of the same kind.

second wind second winds n
second souffle
A renewed feeling of energy after a period of inactivity.

second-class adj
de second ordre de seconde zone
(negative connotation) Inferior in quality or standing.

second-degree murder second-degree murders n
meurtre au deuxième degré
(legal, chiefly, US, Canada) The criminal offence of murder in a form defined as less serious than first-degree murder; the precise distinction may vary by jurisdiction but typically involves second-degree murder being intentional but not premeditated.

second-growth forest second-growth forests n
forêt secondaire
(forestry) A forest which has been harvested and is regrowing.

second-person plural second-person plurals n
deuxième personne du pluriel
(grammar) The form of a verb used with the pronouns you (plural), y'all, you guys, etc., or their equivalents in other languages.

second-person singular second-person singulars n
deuxième personne du singulier

second-rate adj
de second ordre de second rang
(idiomatic) Of mediocre quality; not first-rate.

secondary /ˈsɛkənd(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈsɛkənˌdɛɹi/ more secondary most secondary adj
secondaire
Next in order to the first or primary; of second place in origin, rank, etc.

secondary colour secondary colours n
couleur secondaire
(British spelling) Any of three colours derived from mixing two primary colours

secondary education n
enseignement secondaire
Education that follows primary education and leads to either employment or college / university education.

secondary legislation secondary legislations n
législation déléguée
(law) legislation enacted by a power derived from another legislation, such as one made by the executive branch within the boundaries fixed by an act of parliament.

secondary school secondary schools n
lycée école secondaire collège

secondary source secondary sources n
source secondaire
(historiography) A study of past events or a past author written from the perspective of a later period of time; a document that draws on one or more historical primary sources and interprets or analyses them, including documents such as newspapers whose accuracy is open to question.

secondary stress secondary stresses n
accent secondaire
(phonetics) The weaker of two degrees of stress in the pronunciation of a word.

secondary tense secondary tenses n
temps secondaire

secondary victimization secondary victimizations n
victimisation secondaire
The act of blaming the victim of a crime rather than the perpetrator.

secondhand /ˈsɛk(ə)nd hand/ adj
de seconde main occasion seconde main
(of goods) Not new; previously owned and used by another.

secondly /ˈsɛk.(ə)ndli/ /ˈsɛk.(ə)ntli/ /ˈsɛkəndli/ adv
deuxièmement
In the second place.

secondment /səˈkɒn(d)mənt/ secondments n
détachement
The process or state of being seconded, the temporary transfer of a person from their normal duty to another assignment.

secrecy /ˈsiːkɹəsi/ secrecies n
secret
Concealment; the condition of being secret or hidden.
secrétisme
The habit of keeping secrets.

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ more secret most secret adj
secret
Being or kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secret /ˈsiːkɹət/ /ˈsiːkɹɛt/ /ˈsiːkɹɪt/ secrets n
secret
(countable) A piece of knowledge that is hidden and intended to be kept hidden. [from late 14th c.]

secret admirer secret admirers n
admirateur secret
One who admires another romantically but purposely remains anonymous to the extent that the subject of the admiration is unaware of the admirer's identity.

secret agent secret agents n
agent secret agente secrète
A member of an intelligence agency whose identity or affiliation is kept confidential.

secret of Polichinelle secrets of Polichinelle n
secret de Polichinelle
A supposed secret known to everyone.

secret police n
police secrète
A police force operating in secrecy and outside the normal boundaries of law and hidden from the public, usually in support of a totalitarian government's political policies to suppress political dissent through the use of methods including intimidation, violence, and surveillance. [1823]

secret service secret services n
service secret
A governmental agency that deals with espionage and other acts of secrecy.

secret society secret societies n
société secrète
A club, fraternal organization, or other association which admits only selected individuals as members, whose meetings and practices are often ritualistic and not public, and which often has the purpose of furthering the social or economic opportunities of its members.

secretariat /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛəɹɪət/ /ˌsɛkɹəˈtɛɹi.ət/ secretariats n
secrétariat
The office or department of a government secretary.

secretary /ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛk.ɹə.tɹi/ [ˈsɛk.(ɹ)əˌtʰɛɹ.i] secretaries n
secrétaire
A person who keeps records, takes notes and handles general clerical work.
(often, capitalized) The head of a department of government.
A managerial or leading position in certain non-profit organizations, such as political parties, trade unions, international organizations.
(US) A type of desk, secretary desk; a secretaire.
messager serpentaire secrétaire
A secretary bird, a bird of the species Sagittarius serpentarius.

secretary bird /ˈsɛkɹəˌtɛɹɪ bɜːd/ secretary birds n
messager sagittaire messager secrétaire messager serpentaire
A large terrestrial bird of prey, Sagittarius serpentarius, native to Africa with very long legs that preys on reptiles, especially snakes.

secrete /sɪˈkɹiːt/ v
sécréter excréter
(physiology, transitive, of organs, glands, etc.) To extract a substance from blood, sap, or similar to produce and emit waste for excretion or for the fulfilling of a physiological function.
cacher celer dérober enlever
(transitive) To conceal.

secretion /sɪˈkriːʃ(ə)n/ secretions n
sécrétion
(countable) any substance that is secreted by an organism
(uncountable) the act of secreting a substance, especially from a gland
secret
the act of hiding something

secretive /ˈsiːkɹətɪv/ /ˈsiːkɹɪtɪv/ more secretive most secretive adj
cachottier secret
Having an inclination to secrecy

secretiveness n
secrétisme
The state or characteristic of being secretive.

secretly /ˈsiː.kɹət.li/ /ˈsiː.kɹɪt.li/ adv
en cachette secrètement
In secret, covertly.

sect /sɛkt/ sects n
secte
An offshoot of a larger religion or denomination.

sectarianism /sɛkˈtɛɹ.i.ən.ɪz.əm/ sectarianisms n
sectarisme
Rigid adherence to a particular sect, denomination, ideology, or party.

section /ˈsɛkʃən/ sections n
section
A cutting; a part cut out from the rest of something.
A part, piece, subdivision of anything.
(sciences) A thin slice of material prepared as a specimen for research.
section article
A part of a document, especially a major#Adjective part; often notated with §.

section /ˈsɛkʃən/ v
sectionner
To cut, divide or separate into pieces.
interner
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) To commit (a person) to a hospital for mental health treatment as an involuntary patient. So called after various sections of legal acts regarding mental health.

sectional /ˈsɛkʃənəl/ sectionals n
partielle
(music) A band sectional, in which one section of a band or orchestra practices separately.

sectionary adj
sectionnaire
(historical) Pertaining to the sectionary party.

sectionary sectionaries n
sectionnaire
(historical) A member of a French antiroyalist political party that was one of the driving forces of the French Revolution.
(historical) A member or supporter of the sectionary party.

sector /ˈsɛk.təɹ/ sectors n
secteur
(science fiction) a fictional region of space designated for navigational or governance purposes.
A field of economic activity.

sectoral adj
sectoriel sectorielle
Of or pertaining to a sector (all senses).

secular /ˈsɛkjələɹ/ /ˈsɛkjʊlə/ more secular most secular adj
profane
séculier laïque mondain
Not specifically religious; lay or civil, as opposed to clerical.
séculier
Temporal; worldly, or otherwise not based on something timeless.
séculaire
Happening once in an age or century.

secular arm n
bras séculier
(legal, ecclesiastical law, historical) The lay or temporal authority of a secular judge to pronounce punishment (particularly capital punishment) of an offender tried by an ecclesiastical court.

secular equilibrium secular equilibria secular equilibriums n
équilibre séculaire
(nuclear physics) The situation of the quantity of a radioisotope remaining constant because it is produced (by decay of a parent isotope) at the same rate that it decays.

secularism /ˈsɛkjʊləˌɹɪzəm/ secularisms n
laïcité sécularisme
Neutrality towards all religions.
laïcisme
The political belief in the separation of church and state, i.e. the position that religious belief should not influence public and governmental decisions.

secularity secularities n
laïcité sécularité
The state of being secular.

secularization secularizations n
sécularisation laïcisation
The transformation of a society from close identification with religious values and institutions toward non-religious (or "irreligious") values and secular institutions.

secularize v
séculariser laïciser
(transitive) To make secular.

secure /səˈkjɔɹ/ /səˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /səˈkjɝ/ /səˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /səˈkjʊɹ/ more secure most secure securer securest adj
sûr
Free from attack or danger; protected.
Free from the danger of theft; safe.
Free from the risk of eavesdropping, interception or discovery; secret.
Free from anxiety or doubt; unafraid.
Firm and not likely to fail; stable.
Free from the risk of financial loss; reliable.

secure /səˈkjɔɹ/ /səˈkjɔː(ɹ)/ /səˈkjɝ/ /səˈkjʊə(ɹ)/ /səˈkjʊɹ/ v
sécuriser
To make safe; to relieve from apprehensions of, or exposure to, danger; to guard; to protect.

securely /səˈkjɔːli/ /səˈkjɝli/ /səˈkjʊəli/ /səˈkjʊɹli/ more securely most securely adv
fermement solidement
(manner) In a secure manner; without fear or apprehension; without danger

securitization /sɪˈkjʊəɹɪtʌɪzeɪʃən/ securitizations n
titrisation
(commerce, finance) The fact or process of securitizing assets; the conversion of loans into securities, usually in order to sell them on to other investors.

securitize v
titriser
(finance) To convert assets or claims (typically outstanding loans or other receivables) to securities, usually by selling them with a discount to a financial intermediary, which pools them with other similar assets and sells further as securities to third-party investors.

security /səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌti/ /səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌti/ /sɪˈkjɔːɹəti/ /sɪˈkjʊəɹəti/ [səˈkjɔɹ.ɪˌɾi] [səˈkjʊɹ.ɪˌɾi] securities n
sécurité
(uncountable) The condition of not being threatened, especially physically, psychologically, emotionally, or financially.
sécurité sécurisant
(countable) Something that secures.
papier-valeur titre négociable
(finance, often, in plural) A tradeable financial asset, such as a share of stock.W

security deposit security deposits n
caution dépôt de garantie
An amount of money paid in advance as security against the payor's non-performance of a contractual obligation.

security guard security guards n
agent de sécurité
A person who is employed to provide security for people or property.

security principal security principals n
commettant
(computer security) An entity capable of being authenticated by a computer system or network.

security service security services n
service de sécurité
A government organization established to protect its nation and its secrets from enemies.

security theater n
comédie sécuritaire
Security measures which are intended to, or do, provide a feeling or illusion of improved security, while doing little or nothing to actually improve security.

sedan /səˈdæn/ sedans n
berline palanquin
An enclosed windowed chair suitable for a single occupant, carried by at least two porters, in equal numbers in front and behind, using wooden rails that passed through metal brackets on the sides of the chair.
berline
(US, Australia, Canada, New Zealand) An automobile designed in a configuration with separate compartments for engine space, driver/passenger space and luggage space.

sedan chair sedan chairs n
chaise à porteurs
A small litter or palanquin, seating a single person, often borne on two poles and carried by two people.

sedation sedations n
sédation
The act of sedating, especially by use of sedatives.

sedative /ˈsɛdətɪv/ more sedative most sedative adj
sédatif
(pharmaceutical effect) Calming, soothing, inducing sleep, tranquilizing

sedative /ˈsɛdətɪv/ sedatives n
sédatif
(pharmaceutical drug) An agent or drug that sedates, having a calming or soothing effect, or inducing sleep.

sedentary /ˈsɛd.ən.tə.ɹi/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɛɹ.i/ /ˈsɛd.ən.tɹi/ more sedentary most sedentary adj
sédentaire
Not moving; relatively still; staying in the vicinity.
(medicine, of a job, lifestyle, etc.) Not moving much; sitting around.

sedentism n
sédentarité

sedeprivationism n
sédéprivationnisme
The school of thought, in Roman Catholicism, that the popes of the new religion of Vatican II council have been defective or deprived of the infallible teaching authority of the office because of their Modernist intent and remain in pope elect status until rencanting the innovations.

sedevacantism /ˌsɛdɪˈveɪkəntɪzəm/ n
sédévacantisme
The belief, held by a minority of traditionalist Catholics, that the present occupant of the Holy See is not the true pope and that the see has been vacant since the 1960s.

sedge /sɛd͡ʒ/ sedges n
laîche
Any plant of the genus Carex, the true sedge, perennial, endogenous herbs, often growing in dense tufts in marshy places. They have triangular jointless stems, a spiked inflorescence, and long grasslike leaves which are usually rough on the margins and midrib. There are several hundred species.

sedge warbler sedge warblers n
phragmite des joncs
A small European warbler, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, family Acrocephalidae, that winters in sub-Saharan Africa

sediment /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ sediments n
sédiment
A collection of small particles, particularly dirt, that precipitates from a river or other body of water.

sediment /ˈsɛd.ɪ.mənt/ v
sédimenter
(transitive) To deposit material as a sediment.
(intransitive) To be deposited as a sediment.

sedimentary /ˌsɛd.əˈmɛn.tə.ɹi/ /ˌsɛd.əˈmɛn.tɹi/ adj
sédimentaire
(geology, of a rock) Made by the deposition and compression of small particles.

sedimentary rock sedimentary rocks n
roche sédimentaire
(geology) One of the major groups of rock that makes up the crust of the Earth; formed by the deposition of either the weathered remains of other rocks, the results of biological activity, or precipitation from solution.

sedimentation sedimentations n
sédimentation
The separation of a suspension of solid particles into a concentrated slurry and a supernatant liquid, either to concentrate the solid or to clarify the liquid.

sedimentology sedimentologies n
sédimentologie
(geology) The study of natural sediments and of the processes by which they are formed

sedition /sɛˈdɪ.ʃən/ seditions n
sédition révolte
Insurrection or rebellion.

seditious /səˈdɪʃəs/ more seditious most seditious adj
séditieuse séditieux
Of, related to, or being involved in sedition.

seduce /sɪˈd(j)uːs/ /sɪˈdjuːs/ v
séduire
(transitive) To beguile or lure (someone) away from duty, accepted principles, or proper conduct; to lead astray. [1520s]
(transitive) To entice or induce (someone) to engage in a sexual relationship. [1550s]
(transitive) To win over or attract.

seducer seducers n
séducteur séductrice
Someone who seduces, especially a man who seduces a woman.

seduction /sɪˈdʌk.ʃn̩/ seductions n
séduction
The act of seducing.

seductive /sɪˈdʌktɪv/ more seductive most seductive adj
séduisant
Attractive, alluring, tempting.

seductress seductor seductresses n
séductrice vamp
A woman who seduces.

sedulous /ˈsɛdjʊ-/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒələs/ /ˈsɛd͡ʒʊləs/ more sedulous most sedulous adj
assidu diligent persévérant zélé
Of a person: diligent in application or pursuit; constant and persevering in business or in endeavours to effect a goal; steadily industrious.

see /ˈsi/ /ˈsiː/ sees n
siège évêché
a diocese, archdiocese; a region of a church, generally headed by a bishop, especially an archbishop.
siège
The office of a bishop or archbishop; bishopric or archbishopric

see /ˈsi/ /ˈsiː/ v
voir
(transitive) To perceive or detect someone or something with the eyes, or as if by sight.
(figuratively) To understand.

see Naples and die proverb
voir Naples et mourir voir Naples et puis mourir
One can die at peace after having seen Naples, Italy, nothing else on Earth surpassing its beauty.

see also phraseologicalUnit
voir aussi
A suggestion that other topics of study are related to a current topic.

see off v
accompagner
To accompany someone to a point of departure; to ensure someone departs safely.

see past the end of one's nose v
ne pas voir plus loin que le bout de son nez
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To have insight into underlying facts or consequences; to possess common sense or a vision for the future.

see red v
voir rouge
(idiomatic) To become enraged, angry, or irritated.

see sense v
entendre raison

see stars v
voir trente-six chandelles
(idiomatic) To experience apparent flashing lights in one's field of vision, especially after receiving a blow to the head.

see the forest for the trees v
l'arbre qui cache la forêt
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To discern an overall pattern from a mass of detail; to see the big picture, or the broader, more general situation.

see the glass half-empty v
voir le verre à moitié vide

see the glass half-full v
voir le verre à moitié plein

see the light v
voir le jour

see the light of day v
voir le jour
(idiomatic) To appear; to be published or disseminated.

see through v
voir à travers
(transitive) To perceive visually through something transparent.
pénétrer
(transitive, idiomatic) To not be deceived by something that is false or misleading; to understand the hidden truth about someone or something.
anticiper percer à jour
(transitive, idiomatic) To recognize someone's true motives or character.
assister
(transitive, idiomatic) To provide support or cooperation to (a person) throughout a period of time; to support someone through a difficult time.
achever
(transitive, idiomatic) To do something until it is finished; to continue working on (something) until it is finished.
suffire
(transitive, idiomatic) To constitute ample supply for one for.

see you /ˈsiː juː/ /ˈsiː jə/ phraseologicalUnit
à plus
(informal) see you later

see you later phraseologicalUnit
à plus tard au revoir à bientôt à la prochaine à tout à l'heure
(idiomatic) A phrase used at parting, and not necessarily implying that the person being addressed will be seen later by the speaker.

see you soon interjection
à bientôt
Goodbye; something said at a farewell, not necessarily literally meaning that the speaker will see the hearer(s) again.

see you tomorrow phraseologicalUnit
à demain
Used as a farewell, stating that the speaker and interlocutor(s) will see each other the next day.

seed /siːd/ seeds n
graine semence
(countable) Any small seed-like fruit.
semence
(uncountable, collective) An amount of seeds that cannot be readily counted.
sperme graine
(uncountable) Semen.
semence postérité
(now, _, rare) Offspring, descendants, progeny.

seed /siːd/ v
semer ensemencer
(transitive) To plant or sow an area with seeds.
apparier classer départager
(sports, gaming) To allocate a seeding to a competitor.

seed library seed libraries n
grainothèque

seedeater seedeaters n
sporophile
Any bird in the genus Sporophila of the tanager family, Thraupidae

seeding /ˈsiːdɪŋ/ seedings n
appariement départage grille de départ
(sports, games) The arrangement of positions in a tournament.

seedling /ˈsiːdlɪŋ/ seedlings n
semis
(botany) A young plant grown from seed.

seedy /ˈsiːdi/ seedier seediest adj
louche glauque
(figurative) Disreputable, run-down.

seeing /ˈsiːɪŋ/ adj
voyant
Having vision; not blind.

seeing is believing proverb
il faut le voir pour le croire une image vaut mille mots voir, c'est croire
(idiomatic) You need to see something to believe it; visible facts cannot be denied.

seek /siːk/ v
quérir
(ambitransitive) To try to find; to look for; to search for.
chercher
(transitive) To try to reach or come to; to go to; to resort to.

seek a knot in a bulrush v
chercher midi à quatorze heures
(archaic) To find problems where none exist.

seek and ye shall find proverb
qui cherche trouve qui cherche, trouve
Something can be found if it is looked for.

seeker /ˈsikɚ/ /ˈsiːkə/ seekers n
demandeur
One who seeks.

seel /siːl/ v
ciller
(falconry) To sew together the eyes of a young hawk.

seem /siːm/ v
paraître sembler avoir l'air
(copulative) To appear; to look outwardly; to be perceived as.

seep /siːp/ v
s'exfiltrer suinter
(transitive) (of a crack etc.) To allow a liquid to pass through, to leak.

seer /sɪə(ɹ)/ /ˈsiːə(ɹ)/ seers n
voyant devin voyante
One who foretells the future; a clairvoyant, prophet, soothsayer or diviner.
témoin
One who sees something; an eyewitness.

seersucker /ˈsɪəˌsʌk.ə/ /ˈsɪɹˌsʌk.ɚ/ seersuckers n
crépon seersucker cirsac cirsakas sirsacas

seesaw /ˈsi.sɔ/ /ˈsiː.sɑː/ /ˈsiː.sɔː/ seesaws n
tapecul balançoire
A structure composed of a plank, balanced in the middle, used as a game in which one person goes up as the other goes down.

seethe /sið/ /siːð/ v
bouillir
Of a person: to be in an agitated or angry mental state, often in a way that is not obvious to others.
bouillonner
Of a liquid or other substance, or a container holding it: to be boiled (vigorously); to become boiling hot.

segetal adj
ségétal
That grows in cornfields

segment /sɛɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈsɛɡ.mənt/ /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/ segments n
segment
A length of some object.
quartier
(mathematics) A portion.

segment /sɛɡˈmɛnt/ /ˈsɛɡ.mənt/ /ˈsɛɡmɛnt/ v
segmenter
(ambitransitive) To divide into segments or sections.

segmental more segmental most segmental adj
segmental
of, relating to, or constructed from segments

segmentation segmentations n
segmentation
The act or an instance of dividing into segments
The state of being divided into segments

segregation /sɛɡɹəˈɡeɪ̯ʃən/ segregations n
ségrégation séparation
The setting apart or separation of things or people, as a natural process, a manner of organizing people that may be voluntary or enforced by law.

segue /ˈsɛɡweɪ/ segues n
transition
An instance of segueing, a transition.

segue /ˈsɛɡweɪ/ v
enchaîner
To move smoothly from one state or subject to another.
(music) To make a smooth transition from one theme to another.
(of a disk jockey) To play a sequence of records with no talk between them.

sei whale sei whales n
rorqual boréal
A whale of the rorqual family (Balaenoptera borealis).

seigneuresse seigneuresses n
seigneuresse

seine /seɪn/ seines n
seine
A long net having floats attached at the top and sinkers (weights) at the bottom, used in shallow water for catching fish.

seine /seɪn/ v
seiner
(ambitransitive) To use a seine, to fish with a seine.

seisin seisins n
saisine
(law, historical) An entitlement to a freehold estate with a right to immediate possession; dates from feudal times but is still used in technical discussions of real property law today.

seismic /ˈsaɪzmɪk/ more seismic most seismic adj
sismique
Related to, or caused by an earthquake or other vibration of the Earth.
(of a place) Subject to earthquakes

seismic wave seismic waves n
onde sismique
Any of several forms of vibrational waves that travel through the Earth as the result of an earthquake or underground explosion.

seismicity seismicities n
sismicité
(geology) A measure or a degree of how seismic a region is or how prone it is to earthquakes.

seismogram seismograms n
sismogramme
(geology) The graphical output from an accelerograph or seismograph.

seismograph /ˈsaɪz.mə.ɡɹæf/ seismographs n
sismographe
An instrument that automatically detects and records the intensity, direction and duration of earthquakes and similar events.

seismologist seismologists n
seismologiste
A person who is skilled at, professes, or practices seismology.

seismology /saɪs.ˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪs.ˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /saɪzˈmɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
sismologie séismologie
The study of the vibration of the Earth's interior caused by natural and unnatural sources, such as earthquakes.

seismometer seismometers n
sismographe
(geology) A device used by seismologists to detect and measure seismic waves and therefore locate earthquakes etc; a seismograph.

seitan /ˈseɪtæn/ /ˈseɪtɑːn/ /ˈseɪtən/ seitans n
seitan
Specially processed wheat gluten, used as a protein-rich food.

seize /siːz/ v
saisir
(transitive) To deliberately take hold of; to grab or capture.
(transitive) To take advantage of (an opportunity or circumstance).
(transitive) To have a sudden and powerful effect upon.
saisir [[emparer|s'emparer de]]
(transitive) To take possession of (by force, law etc.).
se gripper
(intransitive) To bind or lock in position immovably; see also seize up.

seize the day v
carpe diem cueillir le jour
(idiomatic) To enjoy the present and not worry about the future; to live for the moment.

seize up v
se gripper
(of a machine) To stop working suddenly, and become impossible to start again.

seizure /ˈsi.ʒɚ/ /ˈsizjʊɚ/ /ˈsiː.ʒə(ɹ)/ [ˈsɪi.ʒə(ɹ)] seizures n
saisie
The act of taking possession, as by force or right of law.
attaque crise
A sudden attack or convulsion, (e.g. an epileptic seizure).
attaque
A sudden onset of pain or emotion.

sejant /ˈsi.dʒənt/ adj
séant
(heraldry) Seated, sitting.

sekere sekeres n
chekeré
A musical instrument consisting of a gourd surrounded by a net of beads.

selcouth /sɛlˈkuːθ/ more selcouth most selcouth adj
merveilleux miraculeux étrange
(now, _, rare) Strange, unusual, rare; unfamiliar; marvellous, wondrous.

seldom /ˈsɛldəm/ more seldom most seldom seldomer seldomest adv
rarement
Infrequently, rarely.

select /sɪˈlɛkt/ more select most select adj
sélect
Privileged, specially selected.

select /sɪˈlɛkt/ v
sélectionner choisir
To choose one or more elements of a set, especially a set of options.

selected /sɪˈlɛktɪd/ adj
sélectionné
That have been selected or chosen.

selection /səˈlɛkʃən/ selections n
sélection
The process or act of selecting.
Something selected.
A variety of items taken from a larger collection.

selection bias selection biases n
biais de sélection

selective /səˈlɛktɪv/ more selective most selective adj
sélectif
Of or relating to the process of selection.
(of a person) choosy, fussy or discriminating when selecting.

selective school selective schools n
établissement sur dossier
(education) A school that admits students on the basis of their academic achievements.

selectivity selectivities n
sélectivité
The quality of being selective, or extent to which something is selective.

selenate selenates n
séléniate
(chemistry) any salt or ester of selenic acid

selenide selenides n
séléniure
(chemistry) any compound in which selenium serves as an anion with an oxidation number of -2

selenite selenites n
sélénite
(mineral) A soft, glassy form of gypsum (chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O).
(inorganic chemistry) The anion SeO32− derived from selenous acid; any salt or ester of selenous acid.

selenium /səˈliːni.əm/ /sɪˈliːni.əm/ seleniums n
sélénium
A nonmetallic chemical element (symbol Se) with an atomic number of 34, used mainly in glassmaking and pigments and as a semiconductor.

seleno- prefix
séléno-

selenocentric adj
sélénocentrique
(astronomy) Having the moon at the center.

selenocentric orbit selenocentric orbits n
orbite sélénocentrique

selenographic adj
sélénographique
Of or pertaining to selenography, the scientific study of the moon.

selenography n
sélénographie
(astronomy, geography, cartography) The scientific study of the Moon's geographic features; geography of the Moon.

selenologist selenologists n
sélénologiste sélénologue
A person skilled or involved in selenology.

selenology /sɛliːˈnɒləd͡ʒɪ/ selenologies n
sélénologie
(chiefly) The scientific study of the Moon’s movements in the heavens and the kinetic influences it has upon and it receives from other astronomical bodies.

self /sɛf/ /sɛlf/ selfs selves n
soi-même
An individual person as the object of the person's own reflective consciousness (plural selves).

self- /sɛlf/ prefix
auto-
of, by, in or with oneself or itself

self-adjoint adj
autoadjoint

self-aggrandizement n
autoglorification
Behavior which increases one's own wealth or power, or which is intended to create an appearance of importance.

self-assessment self-assessments n
autoévaluation
assessment of oneself (especially of one's income tax)

self-assurance n
aplomb confiance en soi
Synonym of self-confidence: the state or quality of being confident in oneself.

self-assured more self-assured most self-assured adj
sûr de soi plein d'assurance
confident in one's own abilities

self-aware more self-aware most self-aware adj
autoconscient
Aware of oneself as an individual that exists in the real world.

self-awareness n
conscience de soi
The state or property of being self-aware; state of being aware of oneself as an individual.

self-censorship self-censorships n
auto-censure
The act of censoring one's own work or what one says without overt pressure from any specific party or institution of authority, often for fear of sanctions.

self-cleaning adj
autolavable
Cleaning itself or requiring minimal cleaning effort.

self-conceit self-conceits n
autosuffisance
Conceit of oneself; an overweening opinion of one's own powers or endowments; vanity.

self-confidence self-confidences n
confiance en soi
The state or degree of being self-confident: believing in one's own abilities.

self-confident more self-confident most self-confident adj
sûr de soi
Confident in one's own abilities.

self-conscious more self-conscious most self-conscious adj
introspectif
Aware of oneself as an individual being.

self-consciousness n
conscience de soi
The awareness of the self as an entity.
timidité
Shyness; a feeling of unease in social situations.

self-contained /ˈsɛlf.kənˌteɪnd/ v
autonome indépendant
not requiring external or additional support

self-contradictory adj
contradictoire qui se contredit
Containing multiple claims or ideas that are inherently in disagreement; of something or someone that contradicts itself.

self-control /ˌsɛlf kənˈtɹoʊl/ /ˌsɛlf kənˈtɹəʊl/ self-controls n
maîtrise de soi contrôle de soi
The ability to control one's desires and impulses; willpower.

self-correct v
autocorriger

self-criticism n
autocritique
Criticism of oneself.

self-deception self-deceptions n
auto-illusion
The act of fooling oneself, of willfully not accepting the obvious.

self-defense self-defenses n
autodéfense
The means of defending oneself from physical attack.
légitime défense
(legal) The right to protect oneself against violence by using reasonable force, which can be used as justification in several charges including murder, assault, and battery.

self-denial self-denials n
abnégation
Action that sacrifices one's own benefit for the good of others.

self-deprecating /ˌsɛlfˈdɛpɹəˌkeɪtɪŋ/ more self-deprecating most self-deprecating adj
autodérisoire
Expressing disapproval of oneself.

self-deprecation n
autodérision
The disparagement of one's own self.

self-destruct v
auto-détruire
(usually, figuratively) To destroy oneself or itself.

self-destruction self-destructions n
autodestruction
The voluntary destruction of something by itself.

self-destructive more self-destructive most self-destructive adj
autodestructeur autodestructrice
Causing injury to oneself or harm to one's interests.

self-determination /ˌsɛlfdɪˌtɜː(ɹ)mɪˈneɪʃən/ n
autodétermination
(politics) The political independence of a people

self-discipline n
autodiscipline
Control of oneself, willpower.

self-educated v
autodidacte
having learned without the direction of a teacher

self-employed adj
indépendant autonome
Working for oneself, rather than for an employer.

self-employment n
indépendant
Working for oneself, as being an independent contractor.

self-esteem /ˌsɛlf.əˈstiːm/ self-esteems n
amour-propre estime de soi estime personnelle
Confidence in one's own worth; self-respect.

self-evident adj
[[l']]évidence même
Obviously true, and requiring no proof, argument or explanation.

self-explanatory more self-explanatory most self-explanatory adj
qui [[se passer de|se passe d']]explication qui va de soi évident
Obvious, having a nature that makes it clear or that explains itself.

self-extinguishing adj
autoextinguible

self-flagellation self-flagellations n
autoflagellation
(historical) The practice of whipping oneself as penance for sins.

self-fulfilling adj
autoréalisateur autoréalisatrice
Describing a prediction that causes itself to occur as predicted.

self-fulfilling prophecy self-fulfilling prophecies n
prophétie autoréalisatrice
A prediction that, by being voiced, causes itself to come true.

self-harm n
automutilation scarification
(mental health) The deliberate non-suicidal injuring of one's own body.

self-hatred self-hatreds n
la haine de soi
Hatred of oneself.

self-image self-images n
image de soi
A person's own view of themselves and their own character and worth.

self-immolate v
immoler
(intransitive) To set oneself on fire, especially as a form of protest.

self-immolation self-immolations n
auto-immolation
The act of setting oneself on fire, especially as a form of protest.

self-important more self-important most self-important adj
présomptueux
Having, or behaving as if having, too high of an opinion of one's own importance.

self-improvement self-improvements n
développement personnel
The following of a disciplined programme to improve one's physical health, mental health or character.

self-incriminate v
auto-incriminer
(intransitive) To incriminate oneself.

self-indulgence self-indulgences n
dissolution
Excessive or immoderate indulgence of one's own personal desires and needs above all others.

self-indulgent more self-indulgent most self-indulgent adj
dissolu
Exhibiting tendencies of self-indulgence.

self-lacing adj
autolaçant

self-learning n
autoapprentissage
Learning done by oneself, without a teacher or instructor.

self-love n
amour-propre
Regard for oneself; love of oneself.

self-management n
autogestion
(uncountable) a form of management encompassing self-directed work processes by an organization's workforce with or without joint control by workers and management.

self-medication n
automédication
Medication of oneself without professional advice in order to treat a real or imagined condition.

self-mockery self-mockeries n
autodérision

self-obsession self-obsessions n
égocentrisme
preoccupation with self; egocentrism; selfishness

self-partnered adj
en couple avec soi-même
(neologism) single (not involved in a romantic relationship)

self-pity n
apitoiement sur soi-même auto-apitoiement autoapitoiement
A feeling of pity for oneself.

self-pollination self-pollinations n
auto-pollinisation
Pollination of a flower by its own pollen, in a flower that has both stamens and a pistil.

self-pollute v
se polluer
(historical, euphemistic) To masturbate. [from 17th c.]

self-portrait self-portraits n
autoportrait
The bust of an artist by the artist him/herself; a portrait of the painter who painted it.

self-preservation /ˌsɛlfˌpɹɛzɜˈɹ.veɪ.ʃən/ n
autoconservation
The instinctive behaviour that protects oneself from harm.

self-proclaimed adj
autoproclamé

self-propelled adj
auto-tracté
Having its own means of propulsion that moves with it.

self-publishing n
autopublication
The publishing of books and other media by the authors or creators of those works, rather than by established, third-party publishers.

self-reference v
autoréférence auto-référence
(transitive, uncommon) To reference itself or oneself.

self-referential /ˈsɛlf ɹɛfəˈɹɛnʃl/ /ˈsɛlf ˌɹɛfəˈɹɛn(t)ʃəl/ more self-referential most self-referential adj
autoréférentiel autoréférent
That refers to itself or oneself.

self-referentiality self-referentialities n
autoréférentialité
The quality of being self-referential.

self-regulated more self-regulated most self-regulated adj
autorégulé
Regulated by oneself or itself.

self-regulation n
autorégulation
The regulation (by a person or an organization) of their own behaviour without external control or monitoring.

self-reliance n
autonomie autosuffisance
The capacity to rely on one's own capabilities, and to manage one's own affairs; independence.

self-reliant more self-reliant most self-reliant adj
débrouillard sûr de lui
Reliant upon oneself; trusting to one's own powers or judgment.

self-respect n
respect de soi dignité personnelle
The knowledge of one's own worth, valuing one's self; pride.

self-righteous more self-righteous most self-righteous adj
bien-pensant
Piously self-assured and smugly moralistic.

self-righteousness n
dédain
Confidence in one's own righteousness, self-assurance, smug.

self-sacrifice self-sacrifices n
auto-sacrifice sacrifice de soi
The giving up of one's own benefit for the good of others.

self-satisfaction n
autosatisfaction
A feeling of fulfillment or contentment with respect to one's own accomplishments or situation.

self-satisfied more self-satisfied most self-satisfied adj
suffisant
Satisfied with oneself, especially over-satisfied; smug; slightly arrogant.

self-seeker self-seekers n
égocentrique
A self-seeking person.

self-selection self-selections n
auto-sélection

self-service n
libre-service self-service
(often, attributive) The practice of serving oneself, usually when purchasing items.

self-serving more self-serving most self-serving adj
intéressé
Showing interest only in oneself (pursuing self-interest to the exclusion of other goals).

self-study v
auto-apprentissage
(intransitive, rare) To study without the aid of a formal educational institution.

self-styled adj
autoproclamé soi-disant

self-sufficiency n
autosuffisance autonomie
The condition of being self-sufficient.

self-sufficient more self-sufficient most self-sufficient adj
autosuffisant
Able to provide for oneself independently of others; not needing external support. [from 16th c.]

self-talk n
monologue intérieur soliloque
Talk to oneself, whether silent or aloud.

self-victimization self-victimizations n
auto-victimisation

self-worth self-worths n
estime de soi
The value one assigns to oneself or one's abilities in self assessment.

selfheal selfheals n
brunelle
A small, herbaceous European plant with blue-violet flowers from any species of genus Prunella.

selfhood selfhoods n
individualité ipséité
(philosophy, psychology) State of having a distinct identity, or being an individual distinct from others; individuality.
personnalité
The fully developed self; one's personality, character.

selfie /ˈsɛlfi/ selfies n
selfie autophoto égoportrait
(informal, mobile phones) A photographic self-portrait, especially one taken manually (not using a timer, tripod etc.) with a small camera or mobile phone.

selfie stick selfie sticks n
perche à selfie
(mobile phones) An extendable monopod arm onto which a smartphone or camera can be mounted in order to take wide-angle photographs of oneself.

selfish /ˈsɛlf.ɪʃ/ [ˈsɛɫ̥fɪʃ] more selfish most selfish selfisher selfishest adj
égoïste
Holding one's own self-interest as the standard for decision making.
Having regard for oneself above others’ well-being.

selfish gene selfish genes n
gène égoïste
(evolutionary theory) The gene regarded as the primary driver and beneficiary of the evolutionary process.

selfishness /ˈsɛl.fɪʃ.nəs/ selfishnesses n
égoïsme égocentrisme
the quality of being selfish; the condition of putting one's own interests before those of others.

selfless more selfless most selfless adj
altruiste dévoué
Having, exhibiting or motivated by no concern for oneself but for others; unselfish.

selflessness selflessnesses n
altruisme
The quality or state of being selfless.

selfsame /ˈsɛlfseɪm/ /ˈsɛlfˌseɪm/ /ˌsɛlfˈseɪm/ adj
identique le même
Chiefly preceded by the: precisely the same; the very same; the same not only in being similar but in being identical.

selkie selkies n
phoque-garou selkie
(Celtic mythology) A seal which can magically transform into a human by shedding its skin.

sell /sɛl/ v
vendre
(transitive, ditransitive, intransitive) To transfer goods or provide services in exchange for money.
(ergative) To be sold.
(transitive) To promote a particular viewpoint.

sell like hot cakes v
se vendre comme des petits pains
(intransitive, idiomatic) To be sold in large numbers quickly.

sell off v
brader vendre à perte
(transitive) To sell asset(s) for the purpose of getting rid of them quickly rather than for maximizing profit.

sell one's body v
vendre son corps

sell one's own grandmother v
tuer père et mère vendre père et mère

sell one's soul v
vendre son âme au diable
(idiomatic) To abandon one's spiritual values or moral principles for wealth or other benefits.

sell order sell orders n
ordre de vente

seller /ˈsɛlə/ /ˈsɛlɚ/ sellers n
vendeur vendeuse
Someone who sells; a vendor; a clerk.

selling price selling prices n
prix de vente
(business) The price at which an item is actually sold.

sellout sellouts n
vendu
A person who compromises his or her principles for financial gain.

semaglutide n
sémaglutide

semantic /səˈmæntək/ /sɪˈmæntɪk/ adj
sémantique
Of or relating to semantics or the meanings of words. [from late 19th c.]

semantic field semantic fields n
champ sémantique champ lexical
(linguistics, translation studies) A group of words which all relate to the same subject or concept, or to overlapping aspects thereof.

semantic memory n
mémoire sémantique

semantic shift semantic shifts n
glissement sémantique
(linguistics) A change in the meaning of a word over time.

semantically more semantically most semantically adv
sémantiquement
In the manner of or referring to semantics.

semantician semanticians n
sémanticien sémanticienne
One who studies semantics, the science of meaning in words.

semanticism n
sémantisme
The belief that semantics is central to grammar.

semantics /sɪˈmæntɪks/ semantics n
sémantique
The individual meanings of words, as opposed to the overall meaning of a passage.

semaphore /ˈsɛm.əˌfɔɹ/ /ˈsɛm.əˌfɔː/ semaphores n
sémaphore
(computing) A bit, token, fragment of code, or some other mechanism which is used to restrict access to a shared function or device to a single process at a time, or to synchronize and coordinate events in different processes.

semasiological more semasiological most semasiological adj
sémasiologique
Of or pertaining to the meaning of a lexeme.

semasiology /sɪmeɪsiˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌsiːmeɪsɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪ/ semasiologies n
sémasiologie

semelfactive adj
sémelfactif

semelfactive semelfactives n
aspect sémelfactif
(grammar) The semelfactive aspect.

semelfactive aspect semelfactive aspects n
aspect sémelfactif
(grammar) A subclass of perfective verbs that denotes a momentary or punctiliar action (e.g., to sneeze, to blink).

sememe sememes n
sémème
(linguistics) The smallest unit of meaning; especially, the meaning expressed by a morpheme.

semen /ˈsiːmən/ semens n
sperme semence
A sticky, milky fluid produced in male reproductive organs that contains the reproductive cells.

semester /sɪˈmɛstə/ /sɪˈmɛstɚ/ semesters n
semestre trimestre
Half of a school year (US) or academic year such as autumn or spring semester.

semi- /sɛmaɪ/ /sɛmi/ prefix
semi- demi-
half

semi-automatic adj
semiautomatique

semi-detached adj
jumelée
Of a house: joined to another one on one side, having one shared wall.

semi-learned borrowing semi-learned borrowings n
emprunt demi-savant

semi-legendary adj
semi-légendaire

semi-skimmed milk n
lait demi-écremé
(UK) Milk from which about half of the cream has been removed.

semi-trailer semi-trailers n
semi-remorque
A trailer without front axle and with wheels only at the trailing end, designed to be pulled via a pivoting arrangement which also partially supports its weight.

semi-trailer truck semi-trailer trucks n
semi-remorque
A tractor-trailer or big rig, consisting of a semi-trailer and a semitruck pulling it.

semiannual adj
semi-annuel
Biannual: occurring twice a year

semibreve semibreves n
ronde
(music) A musical note four beats long in 4/4 time; a whole note (US)

semicircle semicircles n
demi-cercle
Half of a circle.

semicircular adj
demi-circulaire semi-circulaire
In the shape of half of a circle or a semicircle.

semicircumference semicircumferences n
semi-circonférence
One half of the circumference of a circle

semicolon /-ˈkəʊlɒn/ /ˈsɛmikoʊlən/ /ˌsɛmiˈkəʊlən/ semicola semicolons n
point-virgule
The punctuation mark ;.

semiconductor semiconductors n
semiconducteur semi-conducteur
(physics) A substance with electrical properties intermediate between a good conductor and a good insulator.

semierect adj
en [[semi-érection]] semi-dressé semi-érigé
(of body parts) Partially or somewhat erect.
en [[semi-érection]]
(of a person) Having a partially or somewhat erect penis.

semierection semierections n
semi-érection

semifinal semifinals n
demi-finale
A competition that narrows a field of contestants (semifinalists) to a set of finalists, for a subsequent final.

semifinalist semifinalists n
demi-finaliste
A person who competes in the semifinals, the winner of which goes on to compete in the finals.

semimajor axis semimajor axes n
demi-grand axe
(geometry) Half of the major axis of a circle or ellipse.

semiminor axis semiminor axes n
demi-petit axe
(geometry) Half of the minor axis of a circle or ellipse.

seminal /ˈsɛmɪnəl/ more seminal most seminal adj
séminal
Of or relating to seed or semen.
créatif fondateur fécond reproductif
Creative or having the power to originate.
essentiel important influent
Highly influential, especially in some original way, and providing a basis for future development or research.

seminal vesicle /ˈsɛmɪnəl ˈvɛsɪkəl/ seminal vesicles n
vésicule séminale
(anatomy) One of two simple tubular glands located behind the male urinary bladder, responsible for the production of about sixty percent of the fluid that ultimately becomes semen.

seminar /ˈsɛmɪnɑɹ/ /ˈsɛmɪnɑː/ seminars n
séminaire
A class held for advanced studies in which students meet regularly to discuss original research, under the guidance of a professor.
A meeting held for the exchange of useful information by members of a common business community.

seminarist seminarists n
séminariste
(Roman Catholicism) A student training to be a priest at a Roman Catholic seminary.

seminary /ˈsɛmənɛɹi/ /ˈsɛmɪnəɹi/ /ˈsɛmɪnɹi/ seminaries n
séminaire
A theological school for the training of rabbis, priests, or ministers.

seminiferous more seminiferous most seminiferous adj
séminifère
(anatomy) conveying, containing, bearing, or producing semen or seminal fluid

seminiform adj
séminiforme

semiochemistry n
sémiochimie
The branch of chemistry dealing with semiochemicals.

semiologist /ˌsimaɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ /ˌsɛmaɪˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ semiologists n
sémiologue
One who practices or studies semiology.

semiology semiologies n
sémiologie
Semiotics, the study of signs.

semiotic /ˌsɛmiːˈɒtɪk/ adj
sémiotique
Of or relating to semiotics or to semantics.

semiotician semioticians n
sémanticien sémioticien
One who studies semiotics or semantics

semiotics /ˌsiː.maɪˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsiː.miˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsɛm.iˈɑt.ɪks/ /ˌsɛm.iˈɒt.ɪks/ n
sémiotique
The study of signs and symbols, especially as means of language or communication.

semipalmated sandpiper semipalmated sandpipers n
bécasseau semipalmé
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris pusilla)

semipermeable /ˌsɛmaɪ-/ /ˌsɛmiˈpɜː(ɹ)miəbəl/ more semipermeable most semipermeable adj
semiperméable
Permeable to some things and not to others, as a cell membrane which allows some molecules through but blocks other substances.

semipornographic adj
semipornographique
Partly or somewhat pornographic.

semiquaver semiquavers n
double croche
(music) A sixteenth note, drawn as a crotchet with two tails.

semirigid adj
semirigide

semiskilled adj
spécialisé
Requiring only minimal levels of training.

semitone /ˈsɛmitoʊn/ semitones n
demi-ton
(music) A musical interval equal to an augmented unison or a minor second, depending on the context and tuning system used

semivowel semivowels n
semi-voyelle semi-consonne
(phonetics) A sound in speech which has some qualities of a consonant and some qualities of a vowel.

semla /ˈsɛmlə/ semlas n
semla
A pastry with a cream and almond paste filling, traditionally eaten on Shrove Tuesday in Sweden, Finland and Estonia.

semolina /ˌsɛməˈliːnə/ semolinas n
semoule
Coarse grains produced at an intermediate stage of wheat flour milling.

semolina pudding semolina puddings n
gâteau de semoule
A soft dessert made by boiling a mixture of semolina, sugar and flavourings in milk.

semordnilap /səˈmɔːdnɪlæp/ /səˈmɔːɹdnɪlæp/ semordnilaps n
anacyclique
A word, phrase, or sentence that has the property of forming another word, phrase, or sentence when its letters are reversed. A semordnilap differs from a palindrome in that the word or phrase resulting from the reversal is different from the original word or phrase.

sempiternal /ˌsɛm.pɪˈtɜː.nəl/ /ˌsɛm.pɪˈtɝ.nəl/ adj
sempiternel
(philosophy) Everlasting, that is, having infinite temporal duration (as opposed to eternal: outside time and thus lacking temporal duration altogether).

senary /ˈsiːnəɹi/ adj
sénaire
Of sixth rank or order.

senary /ˈsiːnəɹi/ n
système sénaire
(arithmetic) The numeral system which uses six as the base.

senate /ˈsenət/ /ˈsɛnət/ /ˈsɛnɪt/ senates n
sénat
In some bicameral legislative systems, the upper house or chamber.

senator /ˈsɛn.ə.tə/ /ˈsɛn.ə.tɚ/ senators n
sénateur sénatrice
A member, normally elected, in the house or chamber of a legislature called a senate, as, for instance, the legislatures of the United States and Canada.

send /sɛnd/ v
envoyer
(transitive, ditransitive) To make something (such as an object or message) go from one place to another (or to someone).

send for v
faire venir
To order or summon (a person) to one's presence.

send off v
expulser
(sports) To show someone a red card, and dismiss them from the playing area.

send shivers down someone's spine v
faire froid dans le dos
(idiomatic, informal) To terrify; to make someone feel extremely nervous.

send someone packing v
envoyer balader envoyer paître envoyer promener envoyer sur les roses
(idiomatic) To expel, eject, or dismiss someone; to send away, chase off, or force out.

send-up /ˈsɛndˌʌp/ send-ups n
parodie
A satirical imitation of a work of art or a genre.

sender /ˈsɛndɚ/ senders n
expéditeur expéditrice
Someone who sends.

sendoff sendoffs n
fête d'adieu pot de départ
A party for a person (e.g. a fellow employee) who is leaving; a farewell party.

senescent more senescent most senescent adj
sénescent
Growing old; decaying with the lapse of time.

seneschal /ˈsɛnəʃəl/ seneschals n
sénéchal
A steward, particularly (historical) one in charge of a medieval nobleman's estate.

seneschalty seneschalties n
sénéchausée
The jurisdiction of a seneschal, particularly (historical) the district governed by a seneschal in Languedoc and Normandy in late medieval and early modern France.

senile /ˈsinaɪl/ /ˈsiːnaɪl/ more senile most senile adj
sénile
(often, offensive) Exhibiting the deterioration in mind and body often accompanying old age; doddering.

senility /səˈnɪlɪti/ senilities n
sénilité
(mostly, uncountable) The losing of memory and reason due to senescence.

senior /ˈsinjɚ/ /ˈsiːnjə(r)/ more senior most senior adj
aîné
Older; superior

senior /ˈsinjɚ/ /ˈsiːnjə(r)/ seniors n
supérieur
Someone older than someone else (with possessive). [from 15th c.]
ancien
Someone seen as deserving respect or reverence because of their age. [from 14th c.]

senior citizen senior citizens n
personne âgée sénior vieillard vieillarde
An old person, variously considered to be a person over fifty, fifty-five, sixty, or sixty-five years of age.

seniority /sinˈjɔɹɪti/ /siːnɪˈɒɹɪti/ seniorities n
ancienneté séniorité
A measure of the amount of time a person has been a member of an organization, as compared to other members, and with an eye towards awarding privileges to those who have been members longer.

sennit sennits n
paillet
braided cord or fabric of such small stuff as plaited rope yarns

sensation /sɛnˈseɪʃən/ sensations n
sensation
A physical feeling or perception from something that comes into contact with the body; something sensed.
A widespread reaction of interest or excitement.

sensational more sensational most sensational adj
sensationnel
Exceptionally great.

sensationalism sensationalisms n
sensationnalisme
The use of sensational subject matter, style or methods, or the sensational subject matter itself; behavior, published materials, or broadcasts that are intentionally controversial, exaggerated, lurid, loud, or attention-grabbing. Especially applied to news media in a pejorative sense that they are reporting in a manner to gain audience or notoriety but at the expense of accuracy and professionalism.

sensationalist more sensationalist most sensationalist adj
putassier sensationnaliste
Sensationalistic; tending to sensationalize; characterized by sensationalism (the use of exaggerated or lurid material in order to gain public attention).

sensationalize v
sensationnaliser

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ senses n
sens
Any of the manners by which living beings perceive the physical world: for humans sight, smell, hearing, touch, taste.
Perception through the intellect; apprehension; awareness.
Sound practical or moral judgment.
The meaning, reason, or value of something.
A natural appreciation or ability.
sens acception
(semantics) A single conventional use of a word; one of the entries for a word in a dictionary.
(mathematics) One of two opposite directions of rotation, clockwise versus anti-clockwise.

sense /sɛn(t)s/ /sɪn(t)s/ v
sentir
To use biological senses: to either see, hear, smell, taste, or feel.
To instinctively be aware.

sense of humour senses of humour n
sens de l'humour
The quality of an individual to find certain things funny.

sense organ sense organs n
organe sensoriel
An organic sensor.

sensei /ˈsɛnseɪ/ sensei senseis n
sensei
A martial arts instructor. Sensei of martial arts usually live and/or work at a dojo where they instruct their apprentices. A live-in apprentice is also called uchi-deshi.
A Japanese (language) teacher (sometimes used as a suffix attached to the name of a teacher, principally in translations from Japanese).

senselessness senselessnesses n
absurdité imprudence
The state of being senseless; unsense.

sensible /ˈsɛns.ə.bəl/ /ˈsɛns.ɪ.bəl/ [ˈsɛn̥səbɫ̩] [ˈsɛn̥sɪbl̩] more sensible most sensible sensiblest adj
raisonnable sensé
Acting with or showing good sense; able to make good judgements based on reason, or reflecting such ability.
pratique
Characterized more by usefulness, practicality, or comfort than by attractiveness, formality, or fashionableness, especially of clothing.
sensible
(especially, _, formally) Able to be sensed by the senses or the psyche; able to be perceived.
(archaic) Able to feel or perceive.

sensibly /ˈsɛnsəbli/ more sensibly most sensibly adv
raisonnablement
In a sensible manner; in a way that shows good sense.

sensitive /ˈsɛnsɪtɪv/ /ˈsɪnsɪtɪv/ more sensitive most sensitive adj
sensible
Responsive to stimuli.
(of a person) Easily offended, upset, or hurt.
(of an issue, topic, etc.) Capable of offending, upsetting, or hurting.
(of an instrument) Accurate; able to register small changes in some property.

sensitively more sensitively most sensitively adv
sensiblement
In a sensitive manner; with sensitivity.

sensitivity /ˈsɛnsɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsəˈtɪvəti/ /ˌsɛnsɪˈtɪvɪti/ sensitivities n
sensibilité
The quality or state of being sensitive; sensitiveness.
(biology) The ability of an organism or organ to respond to external stimuli.
(electronics) The degree of response of an instrument to a change in an input signal.
(photography) The degree of response of a film etc. to light of a specified wavelength.
sensibilité sélectivité
(statistics) The probability, in a binary classification test, of a true positive being correctly identified.

sensitivity reader sensitivity readers n
démineur éditorial démineuse éditoriale
A person who reviews a manuscript and advises on any content that may be culturally problematic.

sensor /ˈsɛn.sə/ /ˈsɛn.sɚ/ sensors n
capteur détecteur
A device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner.

sensorimotor adj
sensorimoteur
(biology) Of or pertaining to both sensory and motor activity

sensory /ˈsɛn.sə.ɹi/ adj
sensoriel
Of the physical senses or sensation.

sensual /ˈsɛn.ʃu.əl/ /ˈsɛnsjuːəl/ /ˈsɛnʃuːəl/ more sensual most sensual adj
sensuel voluptueux

sensualism sensualisms n
sensualisme
(epistemology) The doctrine that all knowledge not only originates in sensation, but are transformed sensations, copies or relics of sensations; sensationalism.

sensuality sensualities n
sensualité
(uncountable) The state of being sensual or sensuous.

sensuous /ˈsɛnʃuəs/ more sensuous most sensuous adj
sensoriel sensuel
Appealing to the senses, or to sensual gratification.

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] sentences n
jugement peine
(dated) The decision or judgement of a jury or court; a verdict. [from 14th c.]
sentence peine
A punishment imposed on a person convicted of a crime.
phrase
(grammar) A grammatically complete series of words consisting of a subject and predicate, even if one or the other is implied, and, in modern writing, when using e.g. the Latin, Greek or Cyrillic alphabets, typically beginning with a capital letter and ending with a full stop or other punctuation. [from 15th c.]

sentence /ˈsɛntəns/ [ˈsɛntn̩(t)s] [ˈsɛnʔn̩(t)s] v
condamner punir
To declare a sentence on a convicted person; to condemn to punishment.

sententious /sɛnˈtɛn.ʃəs/ more sententious most sententious adj
concis laconique succint
Using as few words as possible; pithy and concise.
sentencieux pontifiant pédant
Tending to use aphorisms or maxims, especially given to trite moralizing.

sententiously more sententiously most sententiously adv
sentencieusement
In a sententious manner, concisely, pithily.

sentience /ˈsɛn.ti.əns/ /ˈsɛn.ʃi.əns/ /ˈsɛn.ʃəns/ sentiences n
conscience
The state or quality of being sentient; possession of consciousness or sensory awareness.

sentient /ˈsɛn.ti.ənt/ /ˈsɛn.ʃ(i.)ənt/ more sentient most sentient adj
doué de sensation sensible
Experiencing sensation, thought, or feeling.
conscient
Able to consciously perceive through the use of sense faculties.
sentient
(loosely, chiefly, science fiction) Possessing human-like awareness and intelligence.

sentiment /ˈsɛn.tɪ.mənt/ sentiments n
sentiment
A general thought, feeling, or sense.

sentimental /ˌsɛniˈmɛnl̩/ /ˌsɛntiˈmɛntl̩/ more sentimental most sentimental adj
sentimental
Characterized by sentiment, sentimentality or excess emotion.

sentimental value sentimental values n
valeur sentimentale
The personal value of an object, derived from the personal memories associated with it.

sentimentality sentimentalities n
sentimentalité sensiblerie
An act or state of being sentimental.

sentimentally more sentimentally most sentimentally adv
sentimentalement
In a sentimental manner.

sentinel /ˈsɛntɪnəl/ sentinels n
sentinelle factionnaire
A sentry, watch, or guard.

sentinel /ˈsɛntɪnəl/ v
regarder
(transitive) To watch over as a guard.

sentinel event sentinel events n
événement de sentinelle
(medicine) Any unanticipated or unusual event in a medical setting which results in death or serious physical injury to a person or persons, specifically including limb loss or gross motor function.

sentry /ˈsɛntɹi/ sentries n
sentinelle
A guard, particularly on duty at the entrance to a military base.

sentry-box sentry-boxes n
guérite
A booth erected to provide rudimentary shelter to a sentry on his/her post.

sepal /ˈsiːp(ə)l/ /ˈsɛp(ə)l/ sepals n
sépale
(botany) One of the component parts of the calyx, particularly when the sepals in a plant's calyx are not fused into a single structure.

separate /ˈsep.əˌɹæɪt/ /ˈsep.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.ə.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.əˌɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɚˌeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɹət/ adj
séparé séparée
Apart from (the rest); not connected to or attached to (anything else).
(followed by “from”) Not together (with); not united (to).

separate /ˈsep.əˌɹæɪt/ /ˈsep.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.ə.ɹət/ /ˈsɛp.əˌɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɚˌeɪt/ /ˈsɛp.ɹət/ v
séparer
(transitive) To disunite from a group or mass; to disconnect.
(transitive) To cause (things or people) to be separate.
(intransitive) To divide itself into separate pieces or substances.

separate peace separate peaces n
paix séparée

separate the wheat from the chaff v
séparer le bon grain de l'ivraie séparer le bon grain de l’ivraie
(idiomatic, intransitive) To select only that which is of value.

separately /ˈsɛpəɹətli/ /ˈsɛpɹətli/ adv
séparément
In a separate manner; not together; apart.

separation /ˌsep.əˈɹæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɛp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ separations n
séparation
The act of disuniting two or more things, or the condition of being separated.
The act or condition of two or more people being separated from one another.
The place at which a division occurs.
An interval, gap or space that separates things or people.

separation of powers separations of powers n
séparation des pouvoirs
A theoretical model for governance, common in democratic states, which features the division of sovereign power into at least three (but sometimes up to six) organs of state in order to forestall tyranny, by preventing the acquisition of a monopoly of power by a monarch or oligarchy; also, such an arrangement.

separatism separatisms n
séparatisme indépendantisme
A theory or doctrine which supports a state of separation between organizations, institutions, or other societal groups (e.g. between church and state) or between different political jurisdictions (e.g. a country and its former colony).

separatist /ˈsɛpəɹətɪst/ adj
séparatiste
Advocating or seeking the separation of one country or territory into two politically independent countries or territories.

separatist /ˈsɛpəɹətɪst/ separatists n
séparatiste
Someone who advocates separation from the established Church; a member of any of various sects or schismatics.

sepia /ˈsiːpiə/ more sepia most sepia adj
sépia
(colour) Of a dark reddish-brown colour.

sepia /ˈsiːpiə/ sepias n
sépia
A dark brown pigment made from the secretions of the cuttlefish. [from 1820s]
A dark, slightly reddish, brown colour.
(by extension, countable) A sepia-coloured drawing or photograph.

sepiolite sepiolites n
sépiolite
(mineral) A hydrated magnesium silicate, clay mineral used for carving into decorative articles and smoking pipes.

sepoy /ˈsiːˌpɔɪ/ sepoys n
cipaye
(historical, military) A native soldier of the East Indies, employed in the service of a European colonial power, notably the British India army (first under the British-chartered East India Company, later in the crown colony), but also France and Portugal.

sepsis /ˈsɛpsɪs/ sepses n
sepsis
(pathology) A serious medical condition in which the whole body is inflamed, causing injury to its own tissues and organs as a response to infection.

septagon /ˈsɛptəɡɒn/ septagons n
septagone
(proscribed) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles.

septendecillion /ˌsɛptəndəˈsɪl.i.ən/ septendecillions numeral
septendecillion
(rare, dated British & Australian, long scale) 10102.

septenvigintillion numeral
quattuordecillion
(rare, US, modern, _, British, and, Australian) 1084.

septic /ˈsɛp.tɪk/ more septic most septic adj
septique
Of or pertaining to sewage or the disposal of sewage.

septic shock n
choc septique

septic tank septic tanks n
fosse septique
A small-scale watertight treatment system for domestic sewage in which the flow is slowed to allow sedimentation and sludge digestion by bacteria to take place.

septicemia septicemias n
septicémie
(pathology) A disease caused by the presence of pathogenic organisms, especially bacteria, or their toxins, in the bloodstream, characterised by chills and fever.

septillion septillions numeral
quatrillion quadrillion
(US, modern British & Australian, short scale) A trillion trillion: 1 followed by 24 zeros, 1024.

septime n
septime
(fencing) The seventh defensive position, with the sword hand held at waist height, and the tip of the sword at knee level.

septinsular adj
septinsulaire
Consisting of seven islands.

septuplet septuplets n
septuplé
One of a group of seven, particularly one of seven babies born at the same birth.

sepulchral /səˈpʊlkɹəl/ /səˈpʌlkɹəl/ more sepulchral most sepulchral adj
sépulcral
Suggestive of a grave or of death; gloomy; solemn.

sepulchre /ˈsiːpəlkəɹ/ /ˈsɛpəlkə/ /ˈsɛpəlkɚ/ sepulchres n
sépulcre
A burial chamber.

sequel /ˈsiːkwəl/ sequels n
suite
(narratology) A narrative that is written after another narrative set in the same universe, especially a narrative that is chronologically set after its predecessors, or (perhaps improper usage) any narrative that has a preceding narrative of its own.

sequela /-ˈkwi-/ /-ˈkwɛ-/ /sɪˈkwiːliː/ /sɪˈkwiːlə/ /sɪˈkwɛliː/ /sɪˈkwɛlə/ sequelae n
séquelle
(pathology) Chiefly in the plural: a condition or disease which follows chronologically after an earlier one, being either partly or wholly caused by it, or made possible by it.

sequence /ˈsiːkwəns/ sequences n
suite séquence
A set of things next to each other in a set order; a series
(mathematics) An ordered list of objects, typically indexed with natural numbers.
séquence
A series of musical phrases where a theme or melody is repeated, with some change each time, such as in pitch or length (example: opening of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony).
A musical composition used in some Catholic Masses between the readings. The most famous sequence is the Dies Irae (Day of Wrath) formerly used in funeral services.
A series of shots that depict a single action or style in a film, television show etc.
suite
(card games) A meld consisting of three or more cards of successive ranks in the same suit, such as the four, five and six of hearts.

sequence assembly sequence assemblies n
assemblage
(bioinformatics) The aligning and merging of fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence.

sequenced adj
séquencé
(genetics) Whose sequence (of bases or genes) has been determined

sequencer sequencers n
séquenceur
Any device that activates or deactivates the components of a machine or system according to a preplanned sequence (as in a washing machine, or central heating system).
A device or system that orders and/or modifies digitally stored music and sound for playback.

sequester /səˈkwɛs.tə/ /səˈkwɛs.tɚ/ /sɪˈkwɛs.tə/ /sɪˈkwɛs.tɚ/ v
mettre sous séquestre séquestrer
To separate from all external influence; to seclude; to withdraw.
séquestrer
(chemistry) To prevent an ion in solution from behaving normally by forming a coordination compound

sequestration sequestrations n
séquestration
The process or act of sequestering; a putting aside or separating.

sequestrum sequestra sequestrums n
séquestre
A fragment of bone or other dead tissue that has separated during necrosis.

sequin /ˈsiː.kwɪn/ sequins n
paillettes
(fashion) A sparkling spangle used for the decoration of ornate clothing.

sequoia /səˈkwɔɪ.ə/ /sɪˈkwɔɪ.ə/ sequoias n
séquoia
Sequoiadendron giganteum, a coniferous evergreen tree formerly in the genus Sequoia, now placed in Sequoiadendron.
Sequoia sempervirens, a coniferous evergreen tree, the only living species of the genus Sequoia.

serac /sɛˈɹæk/ /ˈsɛɹæk/ seracs n
sérac
Often sérac: a hard, cone-shaped, pale green, strongly flavoured cheese from Switzerland made from skimmed cowmilk and blue fenugreek (Trigonella caerulea); Schabziger, Sapsago. It is usually eaten grated, mixed with butter, or in a fondue.
(geography, glaciology) A sharp tower of ice formed by intersecting crevasses of a glacier. [from mid 19th c.]

seraglio /səˈɹæljoʊ/ /səˈɹæɡliːoʊ/ seraglios n
sérail
A palace of a sultan.

seraph /ˈsɛɹəf/ seraphim seraphims seraphs n
séraphin
(post-biblical) A six-winged angel; one of the highest choir or order of angels in Christian angelology, ranked above cherubim, and below God. They are the 5th-highest order of angels in Jewish angelology.

seraphic /səˈɹæf.ɪk/ more seraphic most seraphic adj
séraphique
Of or relating to a seraph or the seraphim.

serenade /ˌsɛɹəˈneɪd/ serenades n
sérénade
A love song that is sung directly to one's love interest, especially one performed below the window of a loved one in the evening.
(music) An instrumental composition in several movements.

serenade /ˌsɛɹəˈneɪd/ v
sérénader
(transitive) To sing or play a serenade for (someone).

serendipitous /ˌsɛ.ɹənˈdɪp.ɪ.təs/ /ˌsɛ.ɹɛnˈdɪp.ɪ.təs/ more serendipitous most serendipitous adj
fortuit sérendipiteux
by serendipity; by unexpected good fortune

serendipitously more serendipitously most serendipitously adv
sérendipiteusement
By serendipity; by blind luck in combination with wisdom; by fortunate accident.

serendipity /ˌsɛɹ.ənˈdɪp.ɪ.ti/ /ˌsɛɹ.ɛnˈdɪp.ɪ.ti/ serendipities n
sérendipité aubaine chance coup de pot heureux hazard
An unsought, unintended, and/or unexpected, but fortunate, discovery and/or learning experience that happens by accident.

serene /səˈɹin/ /səˈɹiːn/ more serene most serene serener serenest adj
serein sereine
Calm, peaceful, unruffled.
(archaic) Fair and unclouded (as of the sky); clear; unobscured.

serenely more serenely most serenely adv
sereinement
In a serene manner.

serenity /səˈɹɛnɪti/ serenities n
sérénité
The state of being serene; calmness; peacefulness.

serf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ serfs n
serf
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.

serfdom serfdoms n
servage
The state of being a serf.
The feudal system that includes serfs.

sergeant /ˈsɑɹ.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈsɑː.d͡ʒənt/ sergeants n
sergent
The highest rank of noncommissioned officer in some non-naval military forces and police.

sergeant major sergeant majors sergeants major n
sergent-major
(US, plural sergeants major) The most senior rank of non-commissioned officer in the United States Army, ranking above a first sergeant. In the United States Marine Corps it ranks above First Sergeant and is equal in grade to Master Gunnery Sergeant.

serial /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əl/ serials n
feuilleton
A work, such as a work of fiction, published in installments, often numbered and without a specified end.

serial killer serial killers n
tueur en série
A person who commits multiple (more than two) murders, especially similar ones with no obvious motive over a period of time with a "cooling-off" period between each murder.

serial number serial numbers n
numéro de série
A unique identifier, consisting of numbers, letters and/or other typographical symbols, assigned to a particular unit of some product to identify it.

serialism serialisms n
sérialisme
(music) Music, especially from the 20th century, in which themes are based on a definite order of notes of an equal-tempered scale.

serialization serializations n
sérialisation

serialize /ˈsɪəɹiəlaɪz/ /ˈsɪɹiəlaɪz/ v
sérialiser
(computing) To convert an object into a sequence of bytes that can later be converted back into an object with equivalent properties.

sericulture /ˈsɛɹəˌkəlt͡ʃ ɚ/ /ˈsɛɹɪˌkʌltʃə/ /ˈsɛɹɪˌkʌlt͡ʃ ɚ/ /ˈsɪəɹɪ-/ sericultures n
sériciculture bacologie sériculture
(agriculture) The rearing of silkworms for the production of silk. [from early 19th c.]

series /ˈsiɹiz/ /ˈsɪə.ɹiːz/ /ˈsɪəɹɪ.ɪz/ /ˈsɪɹiz/ series serieses n
série suite
A number of things that follow on one after the other or are connected one after the other.
série
(broadcasting) A television or radio program which consists of several episodes that are broadcast in regular intervals
(mathematics) The sequence of partial sums \sum_{i=1}^n{a_i} of a given sequence ai.

series finale series finales n
conclusion de série
The promotional or advertisement term used to describe the final episode of a television program, usually a situation comedy or a drama.

serif /səˈɹiːf/ /ˈsɛɹɪf/ serifs n
empattement
(typography) A short line added to the end of a stroke in traditional typefaces, such as Times New Roman.

serine serines n
sérine
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid, CH2OH.CH(NH2)COOH, found in most animal proteins, notably silk.

serious /ˈsɪə.ɹɪ.əs/ /ˈsɪɚ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪɹ.i.əs/ /ˈsɪː.ɹɪ.əs/ more serious most serious adj
sérieux
Without humor or expression of happiness; grave in manner or disposition
Important; weighty; not insignificant
Really intending what is said (or planned, etc); in earnest; not jocular or deceiving

seriously /ˈsiɹi.əsli/ /ˈsɪəɹi.əsli/ /ˈsɪɹi.əsli/ more seriously most seriously adv
sérieusement gravement sérieux
(manner) In a serious or literal manner.
sérieux
Gravely; deeply; very much.
Used to attempt to introduce a serious point in a less serious conversation.
Used to call back to a previous point, in disbelief or for emphasis.
(informal) In an extreme or major way; majorly

seriousness /ˈsɪəɹiəsnəs/ /ˈsɪɹiəsnəs/ seriousnesses n
gravité sériosité
The state or quality of being serious.

sermon /ˈsɜː.mən/ /ˈsɝ.mən/ sermons n
sermon prêche
Religious discourse; a written or spoken address on a religious or moral matter.
A lengthy speech of reproval.

sero- prefix
séro-
now often used in reference to HIV or other viruses in the blood

seroconcordant adj
séroconcordant
(immunology) Of a couple with both partners either HIV positive or HIV negative.

seroconversion seroconversions n
séroconversion
(immunology) The development of specific antibodies in the blood serum as a result of infection or immunization

serodiscordant adj
sérodiscordant

serological adj
sérologique
Of or pertaining to serology.

serology serologies n
sérologie
The science that studies the blood serum, and especially the reaction between antigens and antibodies in serum.
(countable, informal) A blood test to detect the presence of, and often to measure the amount of, various components of the serum (such as electrolytes, antibodies, and antigens).

serophobia serophobias n
sérophobie
Fear of, dislike of, or prejudice against seropositives.

seropositive adj
séropositif
Testing positive for a given pathogen, especially HIV (HIV positive). (of blood serum)

serotherapy serotherapies n
sérothérapie
(medicine) The therapeutic use of sera or vaccines.

serotinal /səˈɹɒtɪnəl/ adj
sérotinal
Pertaining to or occurring in late summer

serotine more serotine most serotine adj
sérotinal
(botany) late-flowering

serotine serotines n
sérotine
Any of several small bats of the genus Eptesicus

serotonin /ˌsɛɹəˈtoʊnɪn/ /ˌsɛɹəˈtəʊnɪn/ serotonins n
sérotonine
(neurotransmitter) An indoleamine neurotransmitter, 5-hydroxytryptamine, that is involved in depression, appetite, etc., and is crucial in maintaining a sense of well-being, security, etc.

serous more serous most serous adj
séreux
(medicine) Containing, secreting, or resembling serum; watery; a fluid or discharge that is pale yellow and transparent, usually representing something of a benign nature. (This contrasts with the term sanguine, which means blood-tinged and usually harmful.)

serous membrane serous membranes n
membrane séreuse séreuse
(anatomy) A thin membrane that secretes serum lining an internal body cavity, such as the peritoneum, the pericardium, and the pleura.

serow /səˈɹoʊ/ /ˈsɛɹəʊ/ serows n
saro
Any of several species of Asian ungulates of the genus Capricornis.

serpent /ˈsɜːpənt/ /ˈsɝpənt/ serpents n
serpent
(now, literary) A snake, especially a large or dangerous one.

serpentine /ˈsɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈsɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ more serpentine most serpentine adj
serpentin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of snakes.

serpentine /ˈsɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈsɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ serpentines n
serpentine
(mineralogy) Any of several green/brown minerals consisting of magnesium and iron silicates that have similar layered crystal structure, whose appearance somewhat resembles a snake's skin.

serpentinite n
serpentinite
(geology) a metamorphic rock composed of serpentine minerals formed by the hydration of ultramafic rocks

serpopard serpopards n
serpopard
(Egyptian mythology, Mesopotamian mythology) A mythical animal resembling a serpent-necked leopard, known from Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian depictions.

serrate /səˈɹeɪt/ /ˈsɛɹ.ət/ /ˈsɛɹˌeɪt/ more serrate most serrate adj
dentelé denté
Having tooth-like projections on one side, as in a saw.
(botany) Of leaves: having tooth-like projections pointed away from the petiole.

serrated adj
dentelé denté
Notched or cut like a saw.
Having a row of sharp or tooth-like projections.

serration serrations n
dentelure serration
(countable) A set of teeth or notches.

serriform adj
serriforme

serum /ˈsiɹəm/ /ˈsiːɹəm/ /ˈsɪəɹəm/ /ˈsɪɹəm/ sera serums n
sérum
The clear yellowish liquid obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.

serval /ˈsɜːvəl/ /ˈsɝvəl/ servals n
serval
A medium-sized African wild cat, Leptailurus serval, formerly Felis serval.

servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ /ˈsɝvənt/ [ˈsɝvn̩ʔ] servants n
serviteur domestique servante
One who is hired to perform regular household or other duties, and receives compensation. As opposed to a slave.
serviteur domestique
One who serves another, providing help in some manner.

serve /sɑː(ɹ)v/ /sɜːv/ /sɝv/ serves n
service
(sports) An act of putting the ball or shuttlecock in play in various games.

serve /sɑː(ɹ)v/ /sɜːv/ /sɝv/ v
servir
(transitive) To be a servant for; to work for, to be employed by. [from 13thc.]
(intransitive) To be a servant or worker; to perform the duties of a servant or employee; to render service. [from 14thc.]
(transitive, intransitive, sports) To lead off with the first delivery over the net in tennis, volleyball, ping pong, badminton etc. [from 16thc.]
servir purger
(transitive) To wait upon (someone) at table; to set food and drink in front of, to help (someone) to food, meals etc. [from 13thc.]
(transitive, archaic) To be suitor to; to be the lover of. [from 14thc.]
(transitive) To be useful to; to meet the needs of. [from 14thc.]
servir signifier
(transitive) To set down (food or drink) on the table to be eaten; to bring (food, drink) to a person. [from 15thc.]

serve someone right v
bien fait
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see serve,‎ right.

server /ˈsɜːvə/ /ˈsɝvɚ/ servers n
serveur
(computing) A program that provides services to other programs or devices, either in the same computer or over a computer network.
servante serviteur serviteresse serviteuse
One who serves.

service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ /ˈsɝvɪs/ services n
service
An act of being of assistance to someone.
The state of being subordinate to or employed by an individual or group.
(economics) The practice of providing assistance as economic activity.
(computing) A function that is provided by one program or machine for another.
The military.
A set of dishes or utensils.
A religious rite or ritual.

service /ˈsɜːvɪs/ /ˈsɝvɪs/ v
maintenir
(transitive) To perform maintenance.
servir
(transitive) To serve.

service area service areas n
aire aire de services
A place built alongside a limited-access road where one can stop to buy fuel, refreshments, and so on.

service dog service dogs n
chien d'assistance
A dog that assists a person who is physically handicapped or who suffers from a mental disability such as post-traumatic stress disorder.

service level service levels n
taux de service

service lift /ˈsɜː(ɹ)vɪs ˌlɪft/ service lifts n
monte-charge
(UK) a lift designed to carry heavy goods in a place of business

service provider service providers n
prestataire de services
A company that provides a service.

service record service records n
états de service

service tree service trees n
cormier sorbier sorbier domestique
(botany) Either of two rare Old World deciduous trees, Sorbus domestica or Sorbus torminalis.

service à la française n
service à la française

service à la russe n
service à la russe

serviceable /ˈsɜːvɪsəbl̩/ /ˈsɝvɪsəbl̩/ more serviceable most serviceable adj
entretenable serviable
Easy to service.
réparable
Repairable instead of disposable.
prêt à l'emploi utilisable
In condition for use.

serviceberry serviceberries n
amélanche amélanchier
(North America) Any plant of the genus Amelanchier of small deciduous trees and large shrubs in the family Rosaceae.

serviceman servicemen n
militaire
A man who serves in the armed forces.

servile /ˈsəɹ.vəl/ /ˈsəɹˌvaɪl/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ)ˌvaɪl/ more servile most servile adj
servile
Of or pertaining to a slave.
Slavish or submissive.

serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ /ˈsɝvɪŋ/ servings n
portion
(countable) The quantity of food or drink intended for one person in a single sitting; especially in relation to a meal.

servitude /-tjuːd/ /ˈsɜːvɪtʃuːd/ /ˈsɝvɪtud/ servitudes n
servitude servage
The state of being a slave; slavery; being forced to work for others or do their bidding without one's consent or against one's will, either in perpetuity or for a period of time over which one has little or no control.
servitude
(legal) A qualified beneficial interest severed or fragmented from the ownership of an inferior property and attached to a superior property or to some person other than the owner; the most common form is an easement.

servomechanism servomechanisms n
servomécanisme
Any system which controls motion automatically using feedback

servomotor servomotors n
servomoteur

sesame /ˈsiːsəm/ /ˈsɛsəm/ /ˈsɛsəmi/ /ˈsɛzəmi/ sesames n
sésame graine de sésame
The seed of this plant.

sesame oil sesame oils n
huile de sésame
Oil extracted from sesame seeds (often after roasting) and used to flavor foods.

sesquicentennial /ˌsɛskwɪsɛnˈtɛni.əl/ sesquicentennials n
sesquicentenaire
A 150th anniversary.

sesquilingual adj
sesquilingue

sesquioxide sesquioxides n
sesquioxyde
(chemistry) Any oxide containing three oxygen atoms for every two atoms of another element.

sesquisyllabic adj
sesquisyllabique
(of a word) Consisting of a minor syllable plus a full syllable.

sesquiterpene sesquiterpenes n
sesquiterpène
(organic chemistry) Any terpene formed from three isoprene units, and having fifteen carbon atoms; includes several plant pigments such as the flavones.

sessile /ˈsɛsaɪl/ /ˈsɛsɪl/ adj
sessile
(zoology) Permanently attached to a substrate; not free to move about.
(botany) Attached directly by the base; not having an intervening stalk; stalkless.

sessile oak sessile oaks n
rouvre
A large deciduous tree, Quercus petraea.

session /ˈsɛʃ(ə)n/ sessions n
séance session
A period devoted to a particular activity, e.g. the annual or semiannual periods of a legislative body (that together comprise the legislative term) whose individual meetings are also called sessions.
session séance
A meeting of a council, court, school, or legislative body to conduct its business.
session
(computing) The sequence of interactions between client and server, or between user and system; the period during which a user is logged in or connected.

sestertius sestertii n
sesterce
(historical, _, numismatics) A large bronze or (rarely) small silver coin minted during the Roman Republic and Empire, valued at two and a half asses (a quarter of a denarius).

sestina sestinas n
sextine
(poetry) A highly structured poem consisting of six six-line stanzas followed by a tercet or envoy, for a total of thirty-nine lines.

set /sɛt/ more set most set adj
fixe statique
Fixed in position.
prêt
Ready, prepared.
Intent, determined (to do something).
déterminé établi
Prearranged.

set /sɛt/ sets n
appareil poste récepteur
A device for receiving broadcast radio waves (or, more recently, broadcast data); a radio or television.
ensemble
A matching collection of similar things. (Note the similar meaning in Etymology 2, Noun.)
(set theory) A collection of zero or more objects, possibly infinite in size, and disregarding any order or repetition of the objects which may be contained within it.
jeu ensemble
A collection of various objects for a particular purpose.
série
An object made up of several parts.
lot série
A bias of mind; an attitude or pattern of behaviour.
(printing, dated) The width of the body of a type.
set manche
(in plural, “sets”, mathematics, informal) Set theory.
plateau plateau de tournage scène
the general locations and area where a movie’s, a film’s, or a video’s scenery is arranged to be filmed also including places for actors, assorted crew, director, producers which are typically not filmed.
set
(volleyball) The act of directing the ball to a teammate for an attack.

set /sɛt/ v
poser
(transitive) To put (something) down, to rest.
fixer enfoncer geler régler
(transitive, dated) To cause to stop or stick; to obstruct; to fasten to a spot.
enfoncer
(transitive) To punch (a nail) into wood so that its head is below the surface.
mettre
(transitive) To arrange with dishes and cutlery, to set the table.
assigner
(transitive) To devise and assign (work) to.
coucher disparaître
(intransitive) Of a heavenly body, to disappear below the horizon of a planet, etc, as the latter rotates.

set about v
entreprendre s'attaquer à
To devote oneself to some task.
attaquer
To attack.

set an example v
donner l'exemple montrer l'exemple

set aside v
mettre de côté réserver
(transitive) To separate and reserve something for a specific purpose.
laisser de côté écarter
(transitive) To disagree with something and reject or overturn it.

set back v
retarder
(transitive) To delay or obstruct.
coûter
(transitive, idiomatic) To cost money.

set down v
déposer
(transitive, , especially, _, British) To place, especially on the ground or a surface; to cease carrying; to deposit; to allow passengers to alight.

set fire v
mettre le feu
(intransitive, followed by to) To light using fire; to cause to be on fire; to set alight.

set foot v
mettre le pied mettre les pieds poser le pied poser les pieds
(idiom, rhetorical with 'in') To enter
poser le pied poser les pieds
(idiom, rhetorical with 'on') To step onto

set free v
libérer affranchir rendre libre
(transitive) To release, to free, to give freedom to.

set in motion v
mettre en branle mettre en mouvement
(idiomatic) To trigger movement or progress; to get going.

set in stone adj
gravé dans le marbre
(idiomatic) Permanent; certain; firm.

set in stone v
graver dans le marbre
To render something permanent, certain, or firm.

set menu set menus n
menu du jour

set off v
mettre en colère
(idiomatic, transitive) To begin; to cause; to initiate.

set on fire v
allumer embraser enflammer
(transitive) To cause to begin to burn.

set on foot v
mettre sur pied

set out v
se mettre en chemin
(intransitive) To go out, leave.
commencer
(intransitive) To start an activity with the intention of finishing it.
expliquer
(UK, transitive) To position, to put in a position

set phrase set phrases n
expression consacrée phraséologisme
(grammar) An established expression whose wording is subject to little or no variation, and which may or may not be idiomatic.
locution figée phraséologisme
(grammar) An idiomatic expression in general.

set point set points n
balle de set
(tennis, volleyball) A situation where if one of the two players wins the next point, (s)he will win the set (but not the match).

set sail v
appareiller mettre les voiles mettre à la voile partir en mer prendre la mer
To depart on a voyage by boat.

set screw set screws n
vis sans tête
A screw with threads along the entire length and no head. Typically, set screws have a hex or slot drive recessed in the threaded length; a grub screw or worm screw.
vis de blocage vis de réglage
Any screw used to hold or adjust a setting: frequently a set screw (sense 1), but may also be any other machine screw or thumb screw used for the purpose of setting.

set square set squares n
demi-carré équerre
(UK) A flat triangular piece of plastic or other material, having corners of precise angles, used in technical drawing

set the Thames on fire v
casser trois pattes à un canard
(chiefly, in the negative, idiomatic) To achieve something amazing but to a nearly-impossible degree; to do something which brings great public acclaim.

set the bar v
mettre la barre placer la barre

set the record straight v
mettre les choses au clair mettre les points sur les i remettre les pendules à l'heure tirer les choses au clair
to correct a previous error or misunderstanding, especially one in print

set the scene v
planter le décor

set the table v
mettre la table dresser la table dresser le couvert mettre le couvert
To arrange plates, etc. for a meal.

set the tone v
donner le ton

set the world to rights v
refaire le monde

set theory set theories n
théorie des ensembles
(mathematics) The mathematical theory of sets.

set to music v
musiquer
(music) To adapt a literary work by adding music (and often song)

set up v
coincer entourlouper
(transitive) To trap or ensnare.
installer mettre en place
(intransitive) To ready something for use.

set-off set-offs n
compensation
(dated) That which is used to improve the appearance of anything; a decoration; an ornament.

set-theoretic adj
ensembliste
(mathematics) Of, relating to or using set theory.

setback /ˈsɛtbæk/ setbacks n
contretemps obstacle
An obstacle, delay, disadvantage, blow (an adverse event which retards or prevents progress towards a desired outcome)

setpoint /ˈsɛtpɔɪnt/ setpoints n
consigne
The command signal or value which is fed into a controller to establish the target or desired position or state of the controlled device or process.

sett /sɛt/ setts n
terrier de blaireau
The system of tunnels that is the home of a badger.
plaid
The pattern of distinctive threads and yarns that make up the plaid of a Scottish tartan.
pavé
A small, square-cut piece of quarried stone used for paving and edging.

setting /ˈsɛtɪŋ/ more setting most setting adj
couchant
that disappears below the horizon

setting /ˈsɛtɪŋ/ settings n
configuration réglage
A piece of metal in which a precious stone or gem is fixed to form a piece of jewelry.

settle /ˈsɛtl̩/ /ˈsɛtəl/ v
coloniser habituer installer
(transitive) To determine (something which was exposed to doubt or question); to resolve conclusively; to set or fix (a time, an order of succession, etc).
(intransitive) To fix one's residence in a place; to establish a dwelling place, home, or colony. (Compare settle down.)
installer
(transitive) To place in(to) a fixed or permanent condition or position or on(to) a permanent basis; to make firm, steady, or stable; to establish or fix.
régler solder
(transitive) To move (people) to (a land or territory), so as to colonize it; to cause (people) to take residence in (a place).

settle down v
s'installer
(intransitive) To establish a settled lifestyle for oneself, especially by marrying.

settlement /ˈsɛt.l̩.mənt/ settlements n
solution règlement
The state of being settled.
colonie
A colony that is newly established; a place or region newly settled (even in past times).
agglomération
A community of people living together, such as a hamlet, village, town, or city; a populated place.
acte de propriété
(legal) A disposition of property, or the act of granting it.
arrangement
(legal) A resolution of a dispute.
(law) A mutual agreement to end a dispute without resorting to legal proceedings, also known as an out-of-court settlement or settling out of court.

settlement agreement settlement agreements n
compromis extrajudiciaire transaction
(legal) A contractual agreement between parties to actual or potential litigation by which each party agrees to a resolution of the underlying dispute.

settler /ˈsɛt.lə/ /ˈsɛt.lɚ/ /ˈsɛt.l̩.ə/ /ˈsɛt.l̩.ɚ/ settlers n
colon
Someone who settles in a new location, especially one who takes up residence in a previously uninhabited place; a colonist.

settling /ˈsɛtl̩ɪŋ/ settlings n
sédimentation sédiments
(usually, in the plural) Dregs; sediment.

setup /ˈsɛtʌp/ setups n
installation
Equipment designed for a particular purpose; an apparatus.
coup monté
A situation orchestrated to frame someone; a covert effort to place the blame on somebody.

sevdalinka sevdalinkas n
sevdalinka
(uncountable) A traditional genre of folk music from Bosnia and Herzegovina, also popular in the ex-Yugoslavia region.

seven /ˈsɛvn̩/ /ˈsɛvən/ [ˈsɛbm̩] sevens n
sept
The digit/figure 7 or an occurrence thereof.

seven /ˈsɛvn̩/ /ˈsɛvən/ [ˈsɛbm̩] numeral
sept
A numerical value equal to 7; the number following six and preceding eight. This many dots: (•••••••). Describing a group or set with seven elements.

seven deadly sins n
sept péchés capitaux
(Catholicism) The cardinal sins enumerated by medieval philosophers and theologians: pride (or vanity, vainglory), envy, gluttony, greed (or avarice), lust, sloth (or acedia), and wrath (or anger).

seven hundred /ˈsɛv.ən ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈsɛv.ən ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
sept cents
The cardinal number occurring after six hundred ninety-nine and before seven hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 700.

seven o'clock n
sept heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the eighth hour of the day; 7:00 a.m. (07:00).

seven seas n
sept mers
(poetic) All of the oceans of the world. (In a common modern interpretation, the seven seas are the North and South Atlantic, North and South Pacific, Indian, Arctic and Antarctic, but historical interpretations differ widely; see the Wikipedia article for this.)

seven virtues n
sept vertus
(Catholicism) The seven heavenly virtues: the three theological and four cardinal virtues.

seven-league boots n
bottes de sept lieues
(folklore, fairy tale) A pair of boots enabling the wearer to cross seven leagues at one stride.

sevenfold /ˈsɛvənfoʊld/ adj
septuple
Seven times as much; multiplied by seven.

seventeen /ˈsɛv.ən.tiːn/ /ˌsɛv.ənˈtiːn/ numeral
dix-sept
The cardinal number occurring after sixteen and before eighteen, represented in Roman numerals as XVII and in Arabic numerals as 17.

seventeenth /ˌsɛvənˈtiːnθ/ adj
dix-septième
The ordinal form of the number seventeen.

seventeenth /ˌsɛvənˈtiːnθ/ seventeenths n
dix-septième
One of seventeen equal parts of a whole.

seventh /ˈsɛvnθ/ /ˈsɛvənθ/ adj
septième sept
The ordinal form of the number seven.

seventh /ˈsɛvnθ/ /ˈsɛvənθ/ sevenths n
septième
The person or thing in the seventh position.
One of seven equal parts of a whole.
(music) A tone of the seventh degree from a given tone, the interval between two such tones, or the two tones sounding in unison.

seventh art /ˌsɛvnθ ˈɑːt/ /ˌsɛvənθ ˈɑɹt/ n
septième art
(film, chiefly preceded by the definite article) The art of making motion pictures; filmmaking; cinema. [from 1920s]

seventh heaven n
septième ciel
A state of great joy and satisfaction.

seventies n
années 70 années soixante-dix
The decade of the 1870s, 1970s, etc.

seventieth /ˈsɛvnti.əθ/ seventieths n
septantième soixante-dixième
The person or thing in the seventieth position.
One of seventy equal parts of a whole.

seventy /ˈsɛv.ən.di/ /ˈsɛv.ən.ti/ numeral
soixante-dix septante
The cardinal number occurring after sixty-nine and before seventy-one, represented in Roman numerals as LXX and in Arabic numerals as 70.

seventy-eight numeral
soixante-dix-huit
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-seven and preceding seventy-nine.

seventy-first adj
soixante-et-onzième
The ordinal form of the number seventy-one, describing a person or thing in position number 71 of a sequence.

seventy-five /ˌsɛv.ən.tiˈfaɪv/ numeral
soixante-quinze septante-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-four and preceding seventy-six.

seventy-four numeral
soixante-quatorze
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-three and preceding seventy-five.

seventy-nine numeral
soixante-dix-neuf septante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-eight and preceding eighty.

seventy-one numeral
soixante et onze
The cardinal number immediately following seventy and preceding seventy-two.

seventy-second adj
soixante-douzième
The ordinal form of the number seventy-two, describing a person or thing in position number 72 of a sequence.

seventy-seven numeral
soixante-dix-sept
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-six and preceding seventy-eight.

seventy-seventh adj
septante-septième soixante-dix-septième
The ordinal form of the number seventy-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 77 of a sequence.

seventy-six numeral
soixante-seize
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-five and preceding seventy-seven.

seventy-three numeral
soixante-treize
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-two and preceding seventy-four.

seventy-two numeral
soixante-douze
The cardinal number immediately following seventy-one and preceding seventy-three.

seventysomething seventysomethings n
septuagénaire
(colloquial) A person between 70 and 79 years old.

sever /ˈsɛv.ɚ/ v
rompre sectionner trancher
(transitive) To cut free.
(law) To disconnect; to disunite; to terminate.

several /ˈsɛv(ə)ɹəl/ determiner
plusieurs
Consisting of a number more than two but not very many. [from 17th c.]

severance pay n
indemnité de licenciement
Money paid as compensation to someone whose employment is ended, often in exchange of waiver.

severe /-vɪɹ/ /sɪˈviːɹ/ /sɪˈvɪə/ /sɪˈvɪɹ/ more severe most severe severer severest adj
sévère grave
Very bad or intense.
sévère
Strict or harsh.
Sober, plain in appearance, austere.

severe acute respiratory syndrome severe acute respiratory syndromes n
SRAS syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère
(pathology) A form of pneumonia resulting from infection by a coronavirus characterized by fever, myalgia, lethargy and coughing and which can be fatal.

severed adj
sectionné
Separated, cut off or broken apart.

severely more severely most severely adv
sévèrement
In a severe manner.

severity /səˈvɛɹəti/ severities n
sévérité
The state of being severe.
gravité
The degree of something undesirable; badness or seriousness.

sew /soʊ/ /səʉ/ /səʊ/ v
coudre
(transitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through (pieces of fabric) in order to join them together.
(intransitive) To use a needle to pass thread repeatedly through pieces of fabric in order to join them together.

sewage /ˈsu.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsuː.ɪd͡ʒ/ sewages n
eaux usées
A suspension of water and solid waste, transported by sewers to be disposed of or processed.

sewage fungus n
champignon d’eau usée
A filamentous colony of bacteria (e.g. Sphaerotilus natans) and fungi (e.g. Fusarium aqueductum), protozoa and other species, which may be found adhering to surfaces in sewage treatment plants or in natural waters as a result of the discharge of incompletely treated waste water.

sewer /ˈs(j)uːə/ /ˈsuɚ/ sewers n
égout
A pipe or system of pipes used to remove human waste and to provide drainage.

sewer /ˈsoʊɚ/ /ˈsəʊə/ sewers n
couturière couturier
One who sews.

sewer rat sewer rats n
rat d'égout
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see Any rat that lives in sewers.

sewerage /ˈsuː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈsuːə.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ sewerages n
assainissement
A network of sewer pipes that geographically transfers wastewater; a sewer system.

sewing /ˈsoʊɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ sewings n
couture
The action of the verb to sew.
Something that is being or has been sewn.

sewing kit sewing kits n
kit de couture
A small package containing items needed for sewing, such as needles and thread.

sewing machine sewing machines n
machine à coudre
Any mechanical or electromechanical device used to stitch cloth or other material; normally uses two threads to form lock stitches

sex /sɛks/ sexes n
sexe
(countable) Another category, especially of humans and especially based on sexuality or gender roles.
(obsolete, or, literary, uncountable, with "the") Women; the human female gender and those who belong to it.
sexe cul rapport sexuel
(uncountable) Sexual activity, usually sexual intercourse unless preceded by a modifier.

sex /sɛks/ v
sexer
(zoology, transitive) To determine the sex of (an animal).
[[faire l'amour]] [[faire l'amour]] avec
(chiefly, US, colloquial, transitive) To have sex with.
[[faire l'amour]]
(chiefly, US, colloquial, intransitive) To have sex.

sex addict sex addicts n
accro au cul accro au sexe accro du cul accro du sexe chaud lapin chaude lapine

sex appeal n
attrait sexuel attirance sexuelle attraction sexuelle sex appeal
Sexual attractiveness. [from 1910s]

sex bomb sex bombs n
bombe sexuelle
(colloquial) Someone who is highly physically attractive; a bombshell.

sex change sex changes n
changement de sexe
A change in sex, either natural or artificial.

sex club sex clubs n
club échangiste
A group or establishment which organises sex-related activities for its members.

sex drive sex drives n
libido
The tendency or instinct of animals to engage in sexual activity.

sex education n
éducation sexuelle
Education about human sexual anatomy, reproduction, and intercourse and other human sexual behavior.

sex life /ˈsɛksˌlaɪf/ sex lives n
vie sexuelle
That part of a person's life that is directly concerned with sexual activity.

sex machine sex machines n
bête de sexe
(idiomatic) Someone with considerable sexual prowess.
Any machine that is used for sexual pleasure.

sex object sex objects n
objet sexuel
A person seen primarily or solely as sexually attractive.

sex offender sex offenders n
délinquant sexuel délinquante sexuelle
Somebody who has committed a crime of a sexual nature.

sex organ sex organs n
organe sexuel
(anatomy) An organ used in sexual reproduction or sexual stimulation.

sex partner sex partners n
partenaire sexuel partenaire sexuelle
Someone that one has sex with, especially on an informal or casual basis.

sex position sex positions n
position sexuelle
Any of the physical positions adopted for sexual intercourse.

sex ratio sex ratios n
sex-ratio

sex reassignment surgery sex reassignment surgeries n
chirurgie de réassignation sexuelle chirurgie de réattribution sexuelle
Any surgical procedure that changes a person's sex characteristics so that they conform to a standard, particularly those decided by transgender people for themselves or for intersex people to present in a dyadic fashion, the latter often done without consent.

sex scene sex scenes n
scène de lit
A segment in a film or television program in which characters engage in simulated or real sexual activity.

sex shop sex shops n
sex-shop boutique porno érothèque
A shop that sells sex toys, erotic lingerie, pornography etc.

sex slave sex slaves n
esclave sexuel esclave sexuelle
A slave kept for sexual purposes.

sex strike sex strikes n
grève du sexe
A strike involving the withholding of sex from one's partner until demands are met.

sex symbol sex symbols n
sex-symbol sexe-symbole
A person who embodies the sexual ideals of a mass audience.

sex tourism n
tourisme sexuel
Travel to another country for the purpose of sexual intercourse with prostitutes or for the purpose of engaging in sex acts which are prohibited in one's home jurisdiction.

sex toy sex toys n
jouet sexuel sextoy
Any physical object or device that is primarily used to facilitate human sexual pleasure.
A person willing to provide sexual pleasure to another at their beckoning.

sex work n
travail du sexe
Any job in which sex or eroticism is involved, especially prostitution or pornography.

sex worker sex workers n
travailleur du sexe travailleuse du sexe
A person who supplies sex work (short-term sexual services) in exchange for compensation.

sexagenarian /ˌsɛksəd͡ʒɪˈnɛəɹɪən/ /ˌsɛksəd͡ʒɪˈnɛɹiən/ adj
sexagénaire soixantenaire
Of or related to sixtysomethings.

sexagesimal /ˌsɛk.sə.ˈdʒɛ.sɪ.məl/ adj
sexagésimal
(math) Of, related to, or based on the number sixty.

sexdigital adj
sexdigitaire

sexily more sexily most sexily adv
sexyment
In a sexy manner.

sexism /ˈsɛksɪzm̩/ sexisms n
sexisme
Discrimination or different treatment based on sex or gender.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ more sexist most sexist adj
sexiste
Unfairly discriminatory against one sex in favour of the other.

sexist /ˈsɛksɪst/ sexists n
sexiste
A person who discriminates on grounds of sex; someone who practises sexism.

sexless adj
asexué
Provoking or showing no sexual desire.

sexologist sexologists n
sexologue
Someone who studies, or is an expert in, sex and sexuality.

sexology sexologies n
sexologie
The study of sex and sexuality, usually from a psychological or clinical perspective.

sext /sɛkst/ v
sexter
(intransitive, _, &, _, transitive) To send a sext.

sextant /ˈsɛk.stənt/ sextants n
sextant
(nautical) A navigational device for deriving angular distances between objects so as to determine latitude and longitude.

sextet /sɛksˈtɛt/ sextets n
sextette sextuor
(music) A composition for six voices or instruments.

sextillion /sɛksˈtɪljən/ sextillions numeral
sextillion frantic trilliard
(US, British, Australian, short scale) A trillion billion: 1 followed by 21 zeros, 1021.
sextillion frantic
(dated, _, British, and, Australian, long scale) A million quintillion: 1 followed by 36 zeros, 1036.

sexting /ˈsɛkstɪŋ/ v
sexting sexto textopornographie
sending sexually explicit text messages or photographs between cell phones

sexton /ˈsɛk.stən/ sextons n
sacristain sacriste
A church official who looks after a church building and its graveyard and may act as a gravedigger and bell ringer.

sextuplet sextuplets n
sextuplé
One of a group of six persons or animals born from the same mother during the same birth.

sexual /ˈsɛksjuəl/ /ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more sexual most sexual adj
sexuel
Arising from the fact of being male or female; pertaining to sex or gender, or to the social relations between the sexes. [from 17th c.]

sexual abuse sexual abuses n
sévices sexuels
(crime) Any sexual activity that is undesired by one participant but forced on them nonetheless, especially when considered to be more sustained or frequent than an incident of sexual assault.

sexual appetite sexual appetites n
luxure
One's desire to engage in sexual practices.

sexual assault sexual assaults n
agression sexuelle
A physical attack of a sexual nature on another person or a sexual act committed without explicit consent.

sexual harassment /ˌsɛkʃuəl həˈɹæsmənt/ /ˌsɛkʃuəl ˈhæɹəsmənt/ n
harcèlement sexuel
Harassment in the form of unwelcome sexual advances and/or remarks.

sexual identity sexual identities n
identité sexuelle

sexual intercourse sexual intercourses n
rapport sexuel relation sexuelle union charnelle union sexuelle coït
Sexual interaction, usually involving vaginal and/or anal and/or oral penetration, between at least two organisms.

sexual majority sexual majorities n
majorité sexuelle
(uncountable) The state of being an adult (major, rather than a minor) in sexual matters.

sexual maturity n
maturité sexuelle

sexual minority sexual minorities n
minorité sexuelle
(countable) A (member of a) group outside of the mainstream of accepted sexual expression or orientation in a given culture. (Also used attributively.)

sexual orientation sexual orientations n
orientation sexuelle
One's tendencies of sexual attraction, considered as a whole.

sexual predator sexual predators n
prédateur sexuel prédatrice sexuelle
(chiefly, pejorative) A person who obtains, or tries to obtain, sexual contact in an abusive manner, and for that reason is seen as threatening.

sexual relation sexual relations n
relation sexuelle
(idiomatic) Behaviour of a sexual nature between one or more individuals.

sexual reproduction n
reproduction sexuée
The process whereby a new organism is created by combining the genetic material of two organisms.

sexual revolution sexual revolutions n
révolution sexuelle
A period in which attitudes towards sexual behavior undergo a substantial change, usually in the direction of increased liberality.

sexual selection sexual selections n
sélection sexuelle
(evolutionary theory) A type of natural selection where members of the sexes acquire distinct forms either because the members of one sex choose mates with particular features or because in the competition for mates among the members of one sex only those with certain traits succeed.

sexual slavery n
esclavage sexuel
(criminology) A criminal activity that involves forced sexual acts upon a person who is usually held hostage as a slave.

sexual tension sexual tensions n
tension sexuelle
(idiomatic) Libidinal unrest arising between individuals when exposed to one another.

sexualism /ˈsɛkʃuəlɪzm/ sexualisms n
sexualisme
The belief that one set of sexual behaviors is intrinsically superior to another set of sexual behaviors, or prejudice and discrimination based on that belief.

sexuality /sɛksjuˈælɪti/ /sɛkʃuˈæləti/ /sɛkʃuˈælɪti/ sexualities n
sexualité sexe
Sexual activity; concern with, or interest in, sexual activity.
Sexual identity, gender.

sexualization sexualizations n
sexualisation
The act or process of sexualizing.

sexualize v
sexualiser
(transitive) To render sexual, or apply sex appeal to an individual or concept.

sexually more sexually most sexually adv
sexuellement
In a sexual manner: erotically.
With respect to sexual intercourse.
By means of sexual intercourse.

sexually transmitted disease sexually transmitted diseases n
maladie sexuellement transmissible
(disease) Any of various diseases that are usually contracted through sexual contact.

sexvigintillion numeral
tredecilliard
(rare, US, modern, _, British, and, Australian) 1081.

sexy /ˈsɛk.si/ /ˈsɛk.sɪ/ sexier sexiest adj
sexy
Having sex appeal; attractive.
(of a thing or concept) Intriguing, appealing, likely to excite interest.

sexy prime sexy primes n
nombres premiers sexy
(math) Either of a pair of prime numbers that differ by six.

sgraffito /skɹəˈfiːtoʊ/ /skɹəˈfiːtəʊ/ /sɡɹəˈfiːtoʊ/ /sɡɹəˈfiːtəʊ/ sgraffiti sgraffitoes sgraffitos n
sgraffite
(art, uncountable) A technique in ceramics, art and wall design, where the top layer of pigment or slip is scratched through to reveal an underlying layer.

sh*t interjection
m*rde
Censored spelling of shit.

shabbos goy /ˈʃɑbəs ˈɡɔɪ/ shabbos goys n
shabbes goy
A Gentile who performs certain acts which are forbidden to observant Jews on the Sabbath/Shabbat, such as kindling fire.
(neo-Nazism, derogatory) A Gentile who opposes anti-Semitism.

shabby /ˈʃæb.i/ shabbier shabbiest adj
râpé usé élimé miteux
(of clothing, etc.) Torn or worn; unkempt.
minable
Mean; despicable.

shabrack /ʃəˈbɹæk/ shabracks n
chabraque
The saddlecloth of a cavalry horse.

shack /ʃæk/ shacks n
baraque cabanon
A crude, roughly built hut or cabin.

shackle /ˈʃækəl/ shackles n
fers menottes
(usually, in the plural) A restraint fit over a human or animal appendage, such as a wrist, ankle or finger; normally used in pairs joined by a chain.
manille
A U-shaped piece of metal secured with a pin or bolt across the opening, or a hinged metal loop secured with a quick-release locking pin mechanism.
entrave
(figuratively, usually, in the plural) A restraint on one's action, activity, or progress.
bracelet
A fetter-like band worn as an ornament.

shackle /ˈʃækəl/ v
enchainer
(transitive) To restrain using shackles; to place in shackles.
(transitive, by extension) To render immobile or incapable; to inhibit the progress or abilities of.

shad /ʃæd/ shad shads n
alose
Any one of several species of food fishes that make up the genus Alosa in the family Clupeidae, to which the herrings also belong; river herring.

shadda /ˈʃada/ /ˈʃadə/ /ˈʃadːa/ /ˈʃadːə/ /ˈʃɑ.dɑ/ shaddas n
chadda tachdîd
A diacritic (⁧◌ّ⁩) used in the Arabic script to indicate gemination of a consonant.

shade /ʃeɪd/ shades n
ombre
(uncountable) Darkness where light, particularly sunlight, is blocked.
store
(countable) Something that blocks light, particularly in a window.
nuance
(figuratively) A subtle variation in a concept.
nuance ton
A very small degree of a quantity, or variety of meaning
ombre esprit
(chiefly, literary, and, fantasy) A ghost or specter; a spirit.

shade /ʃeɪd/ v
tendre vers
(intransitive) To vary or approach something slightly, particularly in color.
faire de l'ombre ombrager
(transitive, obsolete) To shelter; to cover from injury; to protect; to screen.

shader /ˈʃeɪdɚ/ shaders n
nuanceur
(computer graphics) A set of software instructions used to calculate rendering effects on graphics hardware.

shadoof shadoofs n
chadouf
A device used to gather water, consisting of a pivoted stick with a bucket on the end of it.

shadow /ˈʃædoʊ/ /ˈʃædəʉ/ /ˈʃædəʊ/ shadows n
ombre
A dark image projected onto a surface where light (or other radiation) is blocked by the shade of an object.
Relative darkness, especially as caused by the interruption of light; gloom; obscurity.

shadow /ˈʃædoʊ/ /ˈʃædəʉ/ /ˈʃædəʊ/ v
filer prendre en filature
(particularly, espionage) To secretly or discreetly track or follow another, to keep under surveillance.

shadow government shadow governments n
gouvernement de l'ombre
(political science) A government that is prepared to take control in response to certain events, especially one made up of the leadership of the largest opposition party in parliament which would assume control should the ruling party be displaced in elections.

shadow play shadow plays n
théâtre d'ombres ombres chinoises
(hand games) An ancient form of storytelling and entertainment using opaque, often articulated figures in front of an illuminated backdrop to create the illusion of moving images.

shadowing shadowings n
effet de masque
The effect of being shadowed (in the sense of blocked), as from a light source or radio transmission.

shadowy /ˈʃæd.oʊ.i/ /ˈʃæd.əʊ.i/ shadowier shadowiest adj
sombre
In shadow; darkened by shadows.

shady /ˈʃeɪdi/ shadier shadiest adj
ombragé
Abounding in shades.
louche
(informal) Not trustworthy; disreputable.

shaft /ʃæft/ /ʃɑːft/ shafts n
hampe
The long, narrow, central body of a spear, arrow, or javelin.
rachis
Any long thin object, such as the handle of a tool, one of the poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle, the driveshaft of a motorized vehicle with rear-wheel drive, an axle, etc.
The main axis of a feather.
cage
A vertical passage housing a lift or elevator; a liftshaft.

shaft /ʃæft/ /ʃɑːft/ v
entuber
(transitive, slang) To fuck over; to cause harm to, especially through deceit or treachery.

shag /ʃæɡ/ shags n
cormoran huppé
Any of several species of sea birds in the family Phalacrocoracidae (cormorant family), especially the common shag or European shag, Phalacrocorax aristotelis, found on European and African coasts.
tabac à rouler
Coarse shredded tobacco.
baise
(slang, vulgar) An act of sex.

shag /ʃæɡ/ v
baiser sauter
(UK, Ireland, transitive, vulgar, _, slang) To have sex with.

shaggy /ˈʃæɡi/ shaggier shaggiest adj
hirsute
Having long, thick, and uncombed hair, fur or wool.

shah /ʃɑː/ shahs n
chah shah
A king of Persia or Iran.

shahada /ʃɑˈhɑdə/ shahadas shahadat n
chahada shahada
(Islam, especially, theosophy) The Islamic declaration of belief in the unity of God, one of the five pillars, the formal content of which is the kalima (a minimal Islamic creed).

shahbanu shahbanus n
chahbanou

shahzada shahzadas n
chahzadé

shake /ˈʃeɪk/ shakes n
agitation secouement secousse
The act of shaking or being shaken; tremulous or back-and-forth motion.

shake /ˈʃeɪk/ v
secouer agiter
(transitive, ergative) To cause (something) to move rapidly in opposite directions alternatingly.
(transitive) To give a tremulous tone to; to trill.
secouer
(transitive) To move (one's head) from side to side, especially to indicate refusal, reluctance, or disapproval.
(transitive) To disturb emotionally; to shock.
(intransitive, figurative) To be agitated; to lose firmness.
serrer se serrer la main
(intransitive, usually as "shake on") To shake hands.

shake a leg v
se secouer
(idiomatic, frequently, _, imperative) To get busy; to get going; to be productive.

shake hands v
serrer la main
To grasp another person's hands as an expression of greeting, farewell, agreement, etc.

shake like a leaf v
trembler comme une feuille
(simile, idiomatic) To tremble, as with fear, cold, etc.; shiver

shake off v
secouer semer
To remove (something attached to, on or clinging to an object) by shaking.
semer
To lose someone who is tracking you

shake one's head v
secouer la tête
To move one's head from side to side, in a repeated swiveling motion from the neck, to indicate disagreement, negation, disbelief, disapproval or dismay.

shake up v
reformer réorganiser
(transitive, informal) To reorganize, to make reforms in.

shako /ˈʃeɪkoʊ/ /ˈʃeɪkəʊ/ /ˈʃɑkoʊ/ /ˈʃɑːkəʊ/ shakoes shakos n
shako
A stiff, cylindrical military dress hat with a metal plate in front, a short visor, and a plume.

shakshuka n
chakchouka
(culinary) A dish of eggs simmered in a mixture of chopped tomatoes, chilies, cumin, peppers, and onions.

shaky /ˈʃeɪki/ shakier shakiest adj
instable
Easily shaken; tottering; unsound.

shale /ʃeɪl/ shales n
schiste
(geology) A fine-grained sedimentary rock of a thin, laminated, and often friable, structure.

shale /ʃeɪl/ v
décoquiller décortiquer écaler écoquiller
To take off the shell or coat of.

shale gas shale gases n
gaz de schiste
Natural gas extracted from shale.

shallot /ʃəˈlɑt/ /ʃəˈlɒt/ /ˈʃælət/ shallots n
échalote
Any vegetable of certain species in the onion family.

shallow /ˈʃaləʊ/ /ˈʃæl.oʊ/ shallower shallowest adj
peu profond superficiel
Having little depth; significantly less deep than wide.
Extending not far downward.
superficiel
Concerned mainly with superficial matters.
Lacking interest or substance.

shallow /ˈʃaləʊ/ /ˈʃæl.oʊ/ shallows n
haut-fond bas-fond baisse
A shallow portion of an otherwise deep body of water.

shallowness shallownesses n
superficialité
the property of being shallow

shalom /ʃɑːˈloʊm/ /ʃəˈləʊm/ interjection
chalôm
A traditional Jewish greeting.

shalom aleichem /-əˈleɪxəm/ /ʃɑˈloʊm-/ /ʃəˈloʊm-/ /ʃəˌlɒm əˈleɪkəm/ /ʃəˌlɒm əˈleɪxəm/ /ˌʃoʊləm-/ /ˌʃɔləm əˈleɪkəm/ interjection
shalom alekhem
(Judaism) A greeting said on meeting someone, especially when the two people meeting have not met in some time.

shalwar /ˈʃʌlvɑɹ/ shalwars n
charivari saroual sarouel
(in singular or plural) Loose trousers worn in some South Asian or Islamic countries, especially by women but also by men, especially with a kamees.

sham /ʃæm/ shams n
faux-semblant
A fake; an imitation that purports to be genuine.
astuce feinte ruse tromperie
Trickery, hoaxing.

sham /ʃæm/ v
mentir tricher tromper
To assume the manner and character of; to imitate; to ape; to feign.

sham marriage sham marriages n
mariage blanc mariage de complaisance
A marriage of convenience entered into purely for the purpose of gaining a benefit or other advantage arising from that status, usually with the intent of deceiving public officials or society about its purpose.

shaman /ʃəˈmɑːn/ /ˈʃeɪmən/ /ˈʃæmən/ /ˈʃɑːmən/ shamans n
chaman chamane shaman shamane
A member of certain tribal societies who acts as a spiritual or religious medium between the concrete and spirit worlds.

shamanism /ˈʃeɪmənɪzəm/ /ˈʃɑːmənɪzəm/ shamanisms n
chamanisme
Any of a range of traditional beliefs and practices concerned with communication with the spirit world.

shamanist shamanists n
chamaniste
An adherent of shamanism.

shamanistic more shamanistic most shamanistic adj
chamanistique
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of shamanism.

shamateurism /ˈʃamət(j)əɹɪzm/ n
amateurisme marron
The fact or practice of being a shamateur; making money out of sports despite professing to be an amateur.

shambles /ˈʃæmbl̩z/ shambles n
fouillis
A scene of great disorder or ruin.
bordel capharnaüm chienlit
A great mess or clutter.

shame /ʃeɪm/ shames n
honte pudeur
An uncomfortable or painful feeling due to recognition or consciousness of one's own impropriety or dishonor, or something being exposed that should have been kept private.
dommage honte
Something to regret.

shame /ʃeɪm/ v
honnir
(transitive) To cover with reproach or ignominy; to dishonor; to disgrace.

shame on me interjection
honte à moi
An expression of self-disapproval.

shame on you interjection
honte à toi honte à vous
An expression of disapproval.

shamefaced more shamefaced most shamefaced adj
honteux penaud
Bashful, showing modesty or embarrassment.

shameful /ˈʃeɪmfəl/ more shameful most shameful adj
honteux scandaleux
Causing or meriting shame or disgrace; disgraceful

shamefully /ˈʃeɪmfəli/ more shamefully most shamefully adv
honteusement
In a shameful manner.

shameless more shameless most shameless adj
effronté sans scrupules sans vergogne éhonté
Having no shame, no guilt nor remorse over something considered wrong; immodest, brazen; unable to feel disgrace.

shamelessly more shamelessly most shamelessly adv
effrontément
In a shameless manner; without shame; impudently.

shamelessness shamelessnesses n
dévergondage impudicité
(uncountable) The state or characteristic of being shameless.

shamisen /ˈʃæmɪsɛn/ shamisen shamisens n
jabisen
(musical instrument) A kind of three-stringed Japanese fretless lute.

shampoo /ʃamˈpuː/ /ʃæmˈpuː/ shampoos n
shampoing shampooing
A commercial liquid soap product for washing hair or other fibres/fibers, such as carpets.
An instance of washing the hair or other fibres with shampoo.

shampoo /ʃamˈpuː/ /ʃæmˈpuː/ v
shampouiner
(intransitive) To wash one's own hair with shampoo.
(transitive) To wash (i.e. the hair, carpet, etc.) with shampoo.

shampoo ginger shampoo gingers n
zérumbet
An Asian and Polynesian plant related to ginger, Zingiber zerumbet, whose inflorescence contains a substance used as a shampoo.

shampooer shampooers n
shampouineuse
A machine for shampooing carpets.
shampouineur shampouineuse
A person (such as a hairdresser) who washes hair.

shamrock /ˈʃæm.ɹɑk/ /ˈʃæm.ɹɒk/ shamrocks n
trèfle
The trefoil leaf of any small clover, especially Trifolium repens, or such a leaf from a clover-like plant, commonly used as a symbol of Ireland.

shandy /ˈʃændi/ shandies n
panaché
(uncountable) A drink made by mixing beer and lemonade.
(countable) A glass of this drink.

shank /ʃæŋk/ shanks n
jarret
Meat from that part of an animal.
tringle
A straight, narrow part of an object, such as a key or an anchor; shaft; stem.
jambe
The metal part on a curb bit that falls below the mouthpiece, which length controls the severity of the leverage action of the bit, and to which the reins of the bridle are attached.

shantytown shantytowns n
bidonville
An area containing a collection of shacks, shanties or makeshift dwellings.

shape /ʃeɪp/ shapes n
forme
The status or condition of something
Condition of personal health, especially muscular health.
The appearance of something in terms of its arrangement in space, especially its outline; often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure.

shape /ʃeɪp/ v
former donner une forme
(transitive) To give something a shape and definition.

shaped /ʃeɪpt/ more shaped most shaped adj
en forme de
Having been given a shape, especially a curved shape.
(in compound terms) Having a particular shape (sharing the appearance of something in space, especially its outline – often a basic geometric two-dimensional figure)

shaper /ˈʃeɪpə(ɹ)/ shapers n
étau-limeur
A machine tool in which a single-point cutting tool mounted on a reciprocating ram is traversed across the workpiece linearly. Shapers can generate various shapes, but were most especially employed in generating flat surfaces and keyways. The shaper is nowadays obsolescent, most of its applications being served by milling machines.

shapeshifter /ˈʃeɪp.ʃɪf.tɚ/ /ˈʃeɪpʃɪftə/ shapeshifters n
métamorphe
(fantasy, mythology, science fiction) A person or creature capable of changing their appearance or form at will.

shapka shapkas n
chapska
A brimless Russian fur cap.

sharashka sharashkas n
charachka
A secret research and development laboratory in the Soviet gulag.

shard /ʃaːd/ /ʃɑɹd/ /ʃɑːd/ shards n
tesson éclat
(by extension) A piece of material, especially rock and similar materials, reminding of a broken piece of glass or pottery.

shard /ʃaːd/ /ʃɑɹd/ /ʃɑːd/ v
éclater
(intransitive) To fall apart into shards, usually as the result of impact or explosion.

share /ʃɛə/ /ʃɛɚ/ shares n
part
A portion of something, especially a portion given or allotted to someone.
action
(finance) A financial instrument that shows that one owns a part of a company that provides the benefit of limited liability.
partage
(social media) The action of sharing something with other people via social media.

share /ʃɛə/ /ʃɛɚ/ v
partager
To give part of what one has to somebody else to use or consume.
To have or use in common.
To divide and distribute.

share taxi share taxis n
taxi collectif
A vehicle for hire, typically smaller than a bus, taking passengers on a fixed or semi-fixed route without timetables, departing when all seats are filled.

sharecropper sharecroppers n
colon méger métayer métayère
A person who enters an agreement with a land owner to farm the land and then pay a portion (share) of the produce as rent; one who sharecrops.

sharecropping sharecroppings n
métayage
The system where a tenant farmer, especially in the southern United States, farms the land in exchange for a portion of the crops.

shareholder /ˈʃɛəˌhəʊl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɛ˞ˌhoʊl.dɚ/ shareholders n
actionnaire
One who owns shares of stock in a corporation.

shareholders' agreement shareholders' agreements n
pacte d'actionnaires
(business) An agreement between the shareholders of a company that supplements the constitutional documents and typically covers such issues as dividend policy, rights of shareholders when one or more of them want to sell their shares, representation in the board etc.

shareholders' meeting shareholders' meetings n
assemblée des actionnaires assemblée générale des actionnaires
(legal) A meeting of all shareholders of a company, usually held at least annually to approve the accounts and elect the members of the board.

shareware n
partagiciel shareware
(software) A type of software that is distributed without payment but is limited in any combination of functionality, availability, or convenience.

shari'a n
charia
(Islam) Traditional Islamic religious law primarily based on the Quran, but also the hadith and tafsir; it covers the totality of religious, political, social and private life, making no distinction between religion and life – in other words between transgressions of moral rules (sin) and of social rules.

sharif sharifs n
chérif
A traditional Arab tribal title given to those who serve as the protector of the tribe and all tribal assets.

sharing /ˈʃɛə.ɹɪŋ/ /ˈʃɛɚ.ɪŋ/ sharings n
partage

shark /ʃɑɹk/ /ʃɑːk/ sharks n
requin squale
(ichthyology) A scaleless, predatory fish of the superorder Selachimorpha, with a cartilaginous skeleton and 5 to 7 gill slits on each side of its head.
requin
(sports, and, games) A person who feigns ineptitude to win money from others.

shark fin shark fins n
aileron de requin
The fin of a shark, specifically the dorsal, pectoral or caudal fin.

shark fin soup shark fin soups n
soupe aux ailerons de requins
(culinary) A soup made from shark fins, common especially in Chinese culture, where it is served on special occasions and as a symbol of wealth and prestige.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharper sharpest adj
tranchant pointu affilé coupant acéré aigu
Terminating in a point or edge, especially one that can cut easily; not dull, obtuse, or rounded.
vif
(colloquial) Intelligent.
dièse
(music) Higher than usual by one semitone (denoted by the symbol ♯ after the name of the note).
trop aigu trop haut
(music) Higher in pitch than required.
âcre
Having an intense, acrid flavour.
aigu acéré intense vif
Sudden and intense.
net pile précis
Exact, precise, accurate; keen.
acéré acerbe mordant âcre âpre
Offensive, critical, or acrimonious.
chic classe
(colloquial) Stylish or attractive.
aigu serré
Forming a small angle; especially, forming an angle of less than ninety degrees.
pointu affuté
(obsolete) Fierce; ardent; fiery; violent; impetuous.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharper sharpest adv
pile
(notcomp) Exactly.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ sharps n
dièse
(music) The symbol ♯, placed after the name of a note in the key signature or before a note on the staff to indicate that the note is to be played one chromatic semitone higher.
(music) A note that is sharp in a particular key.

sharp /ʃɑɹp/ /ʃɑːp/ v
diéser
(music) To raise the pitch of a note half a step making a natural note a sharp.

sharp-shinned hawk sharp-shinned hawks n
épervier brun
Accipiter striatus, the smallest hawk to reside in USA and Canada, which preys on songbirds.

sharp-tailed sandpiper sharp-tailed sandpipers n
bécasseau à queue fine
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris acuminata)

sharpen /ˈʃɑɹpən/ /ˈʃɑːpən/ v
aiguiser affiler affûter
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To make sharp.

sharpened adj
aiguisé
Having a sharp point or edge.

sharpener /ˈʃɑː(ɹ)pənə(ɹ)/ sharpeners n
affûteuse aiguiseur
A device for making things sharp.

sharpness sharpnesses n
fil tranchant
(uncountable) the cutting ability of an edge; keenness.
acuité finesse
(uncountable) the fineness of the point a pointed object.
acidité
(of food etc) pungency or acidity.
netteté
(of an image) distinctness, focus.
acuité tranchant
(of intelligence) acuteness or acuity.

sharpshooter sharpshooters n
tireur d'élite
A person trained to shoot precisely with a rifle; a marksman.

shashiya shashiyas n
chéchia
A Maghrebi brimless cap with a tassel and straight sides.

shashlik shashliks n
chachlyk chachlik
A form of shish kebab, originally made of marinated lamb meat.

shatter /ˈʃæt.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃæt.ɚ/ v
fracasser briser mettre en pièces réduire en miettes
(transitive) To violently break something into pieces.
voler en éclats éclater
(intransitive) To smash, or break into tiny pieces.

shave /ʃeɪv/ shaves n
rasage
An instance of shaving.

shave /ʃeɪv/ v
raser
(intransitive) To remove hair from one's face by this means.

shaven /ˈʃeɪvən/ adj
rasé
Having been shaved.

shaver /ˈʃeɪvə/ /ˈʃeɪvɚ/ shavers n
rasoir rasoir électrique
A tool or machine for shaving; an electric razor.

shaving /ˈʃeɪvɪŋ/ shavings n
copeau
(countable) A thin, shaved off slice of wood, metal, or other material.

shaving brush shaving brushes n
blaireau
A small brush used to create a lather from shaving cream or shaving soap and apply it to the face or other area before shaving

shaving cream shaving creams n
mousse à raser
A substance, usually a foam or gel, that is applied to the face or wherever else hair grows, to provide lubrication and avoid razor burn during shaving.

shaving gel shaving gels n
gel de rasage gel à raser
A shaving product usually supplied in an aerosol can which has the appearance of cosmetic gel, but which turns into a lather when applied to wet skin.

shaw /ʃɑ/ /ʃɔ/ /ʃɔː/ shaws n
bosquet
(dated, dialectal) A thicket; a small wood or grove.

shawarma /ʃəˈwɑɹmə/ shawarmas n
chawarma shawarma
A Middle Eastern sandwich-like wrap of shaved lamb, goat, chicken, turkey, beef, or a mixture of these.

shawl /ʃɑl/ /ʃɔl/ /ʃɔːl/ [ʃɒːɫ] shawls n
châle
A square or rectangular piece of cloth worn as a covering for the head, neck, and shoulders, typically by women. [from 1662]

shawm /ʃɔːm/ shawms n
chalemie
A mediaeval double-reed wind instrument with a conical wooden body.

shchi n
chtchi
A type of soup from Russia made from cabbage.

she /ʃi/ /ʃiː/ pronoun
elle
(personal) The female (typically) person or animal previously mentioned or implied.

she's unconscious phraseologicalUnit
elle est inconsciente
Indicates that a female person is currently not conscious.

she-ass she-asses n
ânesse bourrique
A female donkey.

she-bear she-bears n
ourse
A female bear (as opposed to a he-bear, male bear).

she-cat she-cats n
chatte minette
An (adult) female cat.

she-devil she-devils n
diablesse
(literally) A female devil (as opposed to a he-devil, male devil).
(figuratively) A woman whose bad temper, cruelty or wicked ways are so extreme as to evoke an image of the devil.

she-goat /ˈʃi.ɡoʊt/ /ˈʃiː.ɡəʊt/ she-goats n
chèvre bique
A female goat.

she-wolf she-wolves n
louve
A female wolf.

shea /ʃeɪ/ /ʃi.ə/ /ʃi/ /ʃɪə/ n
karité
The fruit of this tree, having a thin, tart, nutritious pulp that surrounds a relatively large, oil-rich seed.

shea butter /ˈʃeɪ ˌbʌtɚ/ [ˈʃeɪ̯ ˌbʌɾɚ] shea butters n
beurre de karité
A slightly yellowish or ivory-colored natural fat extracted from fruit of the shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) by crushing and boiling, widely used in cosmetics as a moisturizer and an emollient, as a cooking oil in West Africa, and sometimes used in the chocolate industry as a substitute for cocoa butter.

sheaf /ʃiːf/ sheafs sheaves n
gerbe faisceau liasse
A quantity of the stalks and ears of wheat, rye, or other grain, bound together; a bundle of grain or straw.
faisceau gerbe
(mathematics) An abstract construct in topology that associates data to the open sets of a topological space, together with well-defined restrictions from larger to smaller open sets, subject to the condition that compatible data on overlapping open sets corresponds, via the restrictions, to a unique datum on the union of the open sets.

shear /ʃɛə/ /ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ʃɪɹ/ shears n
cisaille cisailles tondeuse
A cutting tool similar to scissors, but often larger.
tondaison tonte
The act of shearing, or something removed by shearing.
cisaillement
(mathematics) A transformation that displaces every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point’s distance from the line.

shear /ʃɛə/ /ʃɪə(ɹ)/ /ʃɪɹ/ v
tondre
To remove the fleece from a sheep etc. by clipping.
(mathematics) To transform by displacing every point in a direction parallel to some given line by a distance proportional to the point’s distance from the line.
couper
To cut the hair of (a person).
(figurative) To deprive of property; to fleece.
cisailler
(physics) To deform because of forces pushing in opposite directions.

shear stress shear stresses n
contrainte de cisaillement
(physics) the component of stress that causes parallel layers of a material to move relative to each other in their own planes.

shears /ʃɪə(ɹ)z/ /ʃɪɹz/ n
cisailles
A tool consisting of two blades with bevel edges, connected by a pivot, used for cutting cloth, or for removing the fleece from sheep etc.

shearwater shearwaters n
puffin
Any of the long-winged pelagic seabirds of the family Procellariidae in genera Puffinus, Ardenna, and Calonectris, that breed on islands and coastal cliffs.

sheath /ʃiːθ/ /ʃiθ/ sheaths n
étui gaine
(by extension) Anything that has a similar shape to a scabbard that is used to hold an object that is longer than it is wide.
(botany) The base of a leaf when sheathing or investing a branch or stem, as in grasses.
gaine
(electrical engineering) The insulating outer cover of an electrical cable.
fourreau robe fourreau
(fashion) A tight-fitting dress.

sheathe /ʃið/ /ʃiːð/ v
engainer rengainer
(transitive) To put (something such as a knife or sword) into a sheath.
engainer
(transitive) To encase (something) with a protective covering.

sheave /ʃiːv/ sheaves n
réa
A wheel having a groove in the rim for a rope to work in, and set in a block, mast, or similar; the wheel of a pulley.

shed /ʃɛd/ sheds n
baraque hangar
A slight or temporary structure built to shade or shelter something; a structure usually open in front; an outbuilding; a hut.

shed /ʃɛd/ v
séparer
(transitive, obsolete, UK, dialectal) To part, separate or divide.
verser
(transitive, archaic) To pour; to make flow.

shed light on v
faire la lumière sur
(also, figurative) To illuminate; to make clear.

sheen /ʃiːn/ sheens n
brillance
(also, figuratively) Splendor; radiance; shininess.

sheen /ʃiːn/ v
briller
(rare, intransitive, poetic) To shine; to glisten.

sheeny /ˈʃiːni/ sheenies n
youde youpin
(slang, offensive, ethnic slur) A Jew.

sheep /ʃip/ /ʃiːp/ sheep sheeps n
mouton brebis
(countable, chiefly, Christianity, chiefly plural) A religious adherent, a member of a congregation or religious community (compare flock).

sheep laurel n
crevard de mouton kalmia à feuilles étroites
Kalmia angustifolia, a shrub in the family Ericaceae, with pink flowers.

sheep liver fluke sheep liver flukes n
grande douve du foie
A parasitic flatworm, of species Fasciola hepatica, of the class Trematoda, that infects the livers of various mammals, including humans.

sheep milk n
lait de brebis
milk produced by sheep

sheepback sheepbacks n
roche moutonnée
(geography, glaciology) A rock formation created by glacial erosion.

sheepdog sheepdogs n
chien de berger
A breed of dog, used for herding sheep.

sheepfold /ˈʃiːpfəʊld/ sheepfolds n
bergerie
An enclosure for keeping sheep.

sheepish /ˈʃiːpɪʃ/ more sheepish most sheepish adj
penaud
Shy, meek, shameful or embarrassed.

sheeple /ˈʃiːpəl/ n
mouton de Panurge
(derogatory, slang) People who unquestioningly accept as true whatever their political leaders say or who adopt popular opinion as their own without scrutiny.

sheeppox n
clavelée
A highly contagious disease of sheep caused by a poxvirus.

sheepshank /ˈʃipˌʃæŋk/ /ˈʃiːpʃæŋk/ sheepshanks n
nœud de jambe de chien
(nautical) A type of knot which is useful for shortening a rope or taking up slack without cutting it.

sheepskin sheepskins n
peau de mouton
(uncountable) The skin of a sheep, especially when used to make parchment or in bookbinding.

sheer /ʃɪɹ/ /ˈʃɪə/ more sheer most sheer sheerer sheerest adj
transparent diaphane
(textiles) Very thin or transparent.
pur absolu total
(by extension) Downright; complete; pure.
abrupt vertical
Very steep; almost vertical or perpendicular.

sheet /ʃit/ /ʃiːt/ sheets n
feuille
A piece of paper, usually rectangular, that has been prepared for writing, artwork, drafting, wrapping, manufacture of packaging (boxes, envelopes, etc.), and for other uses. The word does not include scraps and irregular small pieces destined to be recycled, used for stuffing or cushioning or paper mache, etc. In modern books, each sheet of paper is typically folded in half, to produce two leaves and four pages. In the absence of folding, "leaf" and "sheet" are equivalent.
A thin, flat layer of solid material.
plaque
A flat metal pan, often without raised edge, used for baking.
écoute
(nautical) A line (rope) used to adjust the trim of a sail.

sheet anchor sheet anchors n
ancre de miséricorde ancre maîtresse
(nautical) A large, spare anchor used in an emergency.

sheet bend sheet bends n
nœud d'écoute nœud de tisserand
A type of knot that can be used to join two ropes of different diameters.

sheet metal sheet metals n
tôle
Metal worked into a thin, flat sheet, used widely as construction material and raw material for a multitude of industrial products. It is thicker than foil and thinner than plate.

sheet music n
partition
Handwritten or printed form of musical notation.

sheet of paper sheets of paper n
feuille de papier
A single piece of loose paper, which, when bound in a book or booklet, consists of two pages (one on the front and one on the back).

shegetz shegetzes shkotzim n
cheïguèts shegets
(sometimes derogatory) A gentile, a non-Jewish male.

sheik /ʃeɪk/ /ʃik/ sheiks n
cheik
The leader of an Arab village, family or small tribe.

sheila /ˈʃiːlə/ sheilas n
gonzesse nana
(Australia, New Zealand, slang) A woman.

shekel /ˈʃɛkəl/ shekalim shekels n
shekel
A currency unit of both ancient and modern Israel.

shelduck shelduck shelducks n
tadorne
Any of various waterfowl of the genus Tadorna, native to Eurasia, Africa and Australasia.

shelf /ʃɛlf/ shelves n
étagère rayon tablard
A flat, rigid structure, fixed at right angles to a wall or forming a part of a cabinet, desk, etc., and used to display, store, or support objects.
étagère rayonnage
The capacity of such an object

shelf life shelf lives n
durée de vie
The length of time a product (especially food and drugs) will last without deteriorating or without being sold.

shell /ʃɛl/ shells n
carapace
The conjoined scutes that constitute the "shell" (carapace) of a tortoise or turtle.
(entomology) The exoskeleton or wing covers of certain insects.
The overlapping hard plates comprising the armor covering the armadillo's body.
coquille coque
A hard external covering of an animal.
One of the outer layers of skin of an onion.
coquille coquillage
The calcareous or chitinous external covering of mollusks, crustaceans, and some other invertebrates.
cosse
A pod containing the seeds of certain plants, such as the legume Phaseolus vulgaris.
douille
(weaponry) The casing of a self-contained single-unit artillery projectile.
obus
(weaponry) A hollow, usually spherical or cylindrical projectile fired from a siege mortar or a smoothbore cannon. It contains an explosive substance designed to be ignited by a fuse or by percussion at the target site so that it will burst and scatter at high velocity its contents and fragments. Formerly called a bomb.
coque
(weaponry) The cartridge of a breechloading firearm; a load; a bullet; a round.
carcasse
(architecture) Any slight hollow structure; a framework, or exterior structure, regarded as not complete or filled in, as the shell of a house.
couche
(chemistry) A set of atomic orbitals that have the same principal quantum number.
squelette
An emaciated person.
coquille
A psychological barrier to social interaction.
coque carapace interface système
(computing) An operating system software user interface, whose primary purpose is to launch other programs and control their interactions; the user's command interpreter. Shell is a way to separate the internal complexity of the implementation of the command from the user. The internals can change while the user experience/interface remains the same.

shell /ʃɛl/ v
écosser décortiquer
To remove the outer covering or shell of something.
(intransitive) To cast the shell, or exterior covering; to fall out of the pod or husk.
douiller
(informal) To disburse or give up money, to pay. (Often used with out).

shell out v
aligner banquer casquer
(informal, ambitransitive) To pay money, to disburse; especially, to pay a great deal of money.

shell shock shell shocks n
obusite
(uncountable) A psychiatric condition characterized by fatigue caused by battle; it is not a current diagnosis in medicine, but it corresponds largely with the current diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder.

shellac /ʃəˈlæk/ shellacs n
gomme-laque shellac
A processed secretion of the lac insect, Coccus lacca; used in polishes, varnishes etc.

shellac /ʃəˈlæk/ v
laquer
(transitive) To coat with shellac.

shellfish /ˈʃɛl.fɪʃ/ [ʃɛɫˑfɪʃ] shellfish shellfishes n
coquillage fruits de mer
A culinary and nutritional term for several groups of non-piscine, non-tetrapod, aquatic animals that are used as a food source. The term often exclusively refers to edible aquatic crustaceans, bivalve mollusks and cephalopod mollusks; but sometimes echinoderms may be included as well.

shelling /ˈʃɛlɪŋ/ shellings n
bombardement
An artillery bombardment.

shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ /ˈʃɛltɚ/ shelters n
abri refuge
A refuge, haven or other cover or protection from something.

shelter /ˈʃɛltə/ /ˈʃɛltɚ/ v
abriter
(transitive) To provide cover from damage or harassment; to shield; to protect.

sheltered /ˈʃɛltəd/ /ˈʃɛltɚd/ more sheltered most sheltered adj
à l'abri de
Protected, as from wind or weather.

shelterless more shelterless most shelterless adj
sans-abri
Lacking shelter; homeless.

shemale /ˈʃi.meɪl/ shemales n
transexuelle
(offensive, proscribed, especially, in, _, pornography) A male-to-female transsexual or transgender person; a trans woman.

shenanigans /-ɡənz/ /ˌʃəˈnæ.nə.ɡɪnz/ /ˌʃɪˈnæn.ɪɡ.(ə)nz/ n
chahut facétie frasque pitrerie
(uncountable) Mischievous play, especially by children. [from mid 19th c.]
manigance magouille combine grenouillage
(uncountable) Deceitful tricks; trickery; games. [from mid 19th c.]

shepherd /ˈʃɛpəd/ /ˈʃɛpɚd/ shepherdess shepherds n
berger pâtre pasteur bergère pastoureau
A person who tends sheep, especially a grazing flock.

shepherd moon shepherd moons n
satellite berger
A small moon that orbits near the outer edges of a planetary ring or within gaps in the ring. The edge of the ring remains sharply defined owing to the gravity of shepherd moons.

shepherd's pie shepherd's pies n
hachis Parmentier hachis parmentier parmentier pâté chinois
A meat pie having a mashed potato crust, especially one made with lamb or mutton.

shepherd's purse n
bourse-à-berger bourse-à-pasteur boursette capselle
An edible weed, Capsella bursa-pastoris, family Brassicaceae, native to Europe but now found world-wide.

shepherdess shepherd shepherdesses n
bergère pastourelle
A female shepherd.

sherbet /ˈʃɜːbət/ /ˈʃɜːbɪt/ /ˈʃɝbət/ /ˈʃɝbɚt/ /ˈʃɝbɪt/ sherbets n
sorbet sorbet laitier
A dessert of frozen fruit juice with a dairy product such as milk added; a sorbet with dairy ingredients.
serbet sharbat sherbet
A traditional West and South Asian sweet drink prepared from fruits or flower petals.

sheriff /ˈʃɛɹəf/ /ˈʃɛɹɪf/ sheriffs n
shérif
(US) A government official, usually responsible for law enforcement in their county and for administration of the county jail, sometimes an officer of the court, usually elected.

sherry /ˈʃɛɹi/ sherries n
xérès jerez
(uncountable) A fortified wine produced in Jerez de la Frontera in Spain, or a similar wine produced elsewhere.
A variety of sherry.
verre xérès
A glass of sherry.

sheth sheths n
étançon
The bar on a plough which projects downward beneath the beam to connect to the sole.

shh /ʃ̩ː/ interjection
chut
Requesting silence.

shiatsu /ʃiːˈæt.suː/ /ʃiːˈɑːt.suː/ n
shiatsu
A form of massage, using the thumbs and palms, employed as therapy.

shibboleth /ˈʃɪbəlɛθ/ shibboleths n
shibboleth
A particular pronunciation or custom that is regarded as distinguishing members of a group from non-members, especially when used as a test.
A common or longstanding belief, custom, or catchphrase associated with a particular group, especially one with little current meaning or truth.

shield /ʃiːld/ shields n
bouclier
(science fiction) A field of energy that protects or defends.
(figurative) One who protects or defends.
(transport) A sign or symbol, usually containing numbers and sometimes letters, identifying a highway route.
bouclier écu
A broad piece of defensive armor, held in hand, formerly in general use in war, for the protection of the body.
Anything that protects or defends; defense; shelter; protection.
écu
(obsolete) A coin, the old French crown, or écu, having on one side the figure of a shield.
écu bouclier
(heraldry) The escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in coats of arms.

shield /ʃiːld/ v
protéger
(ambitransitive) To protect, to defend.

shield bug shield bugs n
punaise des bois
Any of various shield-shaped true bugs of the superfamily Pentatomoidea.

shield volcano shield volcanoes shield volcanos n
volcan bouclier
(vulcanology) A large volcano, with shallow-sloping sides and a flattened dome, formed of successive eruptions of free-flowing lava from fissure vents.

shift /ʃɪft/ shifts n
décalage
An act of shifting; a slight movement or change.
(computing) An instance of the use of such a code or character.
touche majuscule
(obsolete) A share, a portion assigned on division.
(mining) A breaking off and dislocation of a seam; a fault.
poste équipe quart
A change of workers, now specifically a set group of workers or period of working time.
vitesse
(US) The gear mechanism in a motor vehicle.

shift /ʃɪft/ v
décaler
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To move from one place to another; to redistribute.
permuter switcher échanger
(obsolete, transitive, reflexive) To change (someone's) clothes; sometimes specifically, to change underwear.
(archaic) To resort to expedients for accomplishing a purpose; to contrive; to manage.

shift key shift keys n
touche majuscule
(computing) A key on a personal computer or terminal keyboard used to effect the same function, or to change the function of the function keys.

shiftwork n
travail par quarts travail par équipes travail posté
A mode of employment in which sets of workers are rotated to maintain a continuous 24/7 operation.

shifty /ˈʃɪfti/ shiftier shiftiest adj
fuyant louche
Having the appearance of being dishonest, criminal, or unreliable.

shiitake /ʃiːˈtɑːkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑkeɪ/ /ʃɪˈtɑki/ /ʃɪˈtɑːkeɪ/ shiitake shiitakes n
lentin du chêne shiitaké shitaké champignon chinois champignon parfumé shiitake
A wide, brown variety of edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes.

shiksa /ˈʃɪksə/ shiksas n
shiksa shikse
(Judaism, often, derogatory) A non-Jewish girl, especially one who is attractive and young.

shill /ʃɪl/ shills n
homme de paille prête-nom
A person paid to endorse a product while pretending to be impartial.
commère comparse complice compère
An accomplice at a confidence trick during an auction or gambling game, such as an accomplice of the seller who bids to drive up the price.

shill /ʃɪl/ v
faire l'homme de paille magouiller prévariquer trafiquer tripoter
(pejorative) To promote or endorse in return for payment, especially dishonestly.
cacher celer couvrir dissimuler enterrer mettre sous le boisseau
To put under cover; to sheal.

shilling /ˈʃɪlɪŋ/ shillings n
shilling chelin
(historical) A coin formerly used in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Malta, Australia, New Zealand and many other Commonwealth countries worth twelve old pence, or one twentieth of a pound sterling.
shilling
The currency of Kenya, Somalia, Tanzania and Uganda.

shim /ʃɪm/ shims n
coin
A wedge.
cale d'épaisseur espaceur thibaude étai
A thin piece of material, sometimes tapered, used for alignment or support.
sarcloir
A kind of shallow plow used in tillage to break the ground and clear it of weeds.

shimmer /ˈʃɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɪm.ɚ/ shimmers n
chatoiement chatoyement
A faint or veiled and tremulous gleam or shining.

shimmer /ˈʃɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃɪm.ɚ/ v
chatoyer
(intransitive) To shine tremulously or intermittently; to gleam faintly.

shimmery /ˈʃɪməɹi/ /ˈʃɪmɹi/ more shimmery most shimmery adj
chatoyant
(Apparently) shimmering, or shining with a faint, or intermittent or trembling gleam or light.

shimmy /ˈʃɪ.mi/ shimmies n
shimmy
An abnormal vibration, especially in the wheels of a vehicle.

shimmy /ˈʃɪ.mi/ v
grimper
To climb something (e.g. a pole) gradually (e.g. using alternately one's arms then one's legs).

shin /ʃɪn/ shins n
tibia os long
The front part of the leg below the knee; the front edge of the shin bone: w:Shinbone on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
chine shin
The twenty-first letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others): w:Shin (letter) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

shin pad shin pads n
protège-tibia
A protective piece of clothing worn over the shin.

shinbone shinbones n
tibia
(anatomy) The inner and usually the larger of the two bones of the leg or hind limb below the knee

shine /ʃaɪn/ /ʃaːɪn/ shines n
éclat
Brightness from a source of light.

shine /ʃaɪn/ /ʃaːɪn/ v
briller luire
(intransitive, copulative) To emit or reflect light so as to glow.

shingle /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ shingles n
bardeau
A small, thin piece of building material, often with one end thicker than the other, for laying in overlapping rows as a covering for the roof or sides of a building.
galets
Small, smooth pebbles, as found on a beach.

shingle /ˈʃɪŋ.ɡəl/ v
barder
(transitive) To cover with small, thin pieces of building material, with shingles.

shingles /ˈʃɪŋɡəlz/ n
zona
(disease, informal) Herpes zoster, caused by Human herpes virus 3, in genus Varicellovirus.

shininess shininesses n
brillance
The visual property of something shining with reflective light; shine.

shining /ˈʃaɪnɪŋ/ more shining most shining adj
brillant
Emitting light.
lustré
Having a high polish or sheen.
renommé célèbre fameux illustre réputé splendide
Having exceptional merit.

shinjitai shinjitai n
shinjitai
The simplified form of Japanese kanji used after 1947.

shiny /ˈʃaɪ.ni/ more shiny most shiny shinier shiniest adj
brillant
Reflecting light.
Emitting light.

shiny cowbird shiny cowbirds n
Vacher luisant
A passerine bird (Molothrus bonariensis) of the Icteridae family.

ship /ʃɪp/ ships n
navire bateau vaisseau
(nautical) A water-borne vessel generally larger than a boat.

ship /ʃɪp/ v
expédier poster
(transitive) To send (a parcel or container) to a recipient (by any means of transport).

ship in a bottle /ˌʃɪp ɪn ə ˈbɑtəl/ /ˌʃɪp ɪn ə ˈbɒtl̩/ [-ɾəl] ships in a bottle ships in bottles n
bateau en bouteille
An ornament consisting of a model ship inside a glass bottle, usually one with a narrow neck which makes it difficult to see how the ship was put in place.

ship of state n
char de l'État

ship of the desert ships of the desert n
vaisseau du désert

shipbuilder shipbuilders n
constructeur de navires
A person who builds vessels such as ships and boats.

shipbuilding shipbuildings n
construction navale
(uncountable, nautical) The construction of ships.
A construction of a ship.

shipment /ˈʃɪpmənt/ shipments n
cargaison
a load of goods that is transported by any method (not just by ship)

shipowner shipowners n
armateur armatrice
(nautical) Someone who owns a ship.

shipping /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/ shippings n
envoi expédition
The transportation of goods.
frais de livraison frais de port frais de transport transport
The cost of sending an item or package via postal or carrier services.

shipworm /ˈʃɪpwɜːm/ /ˈʃɪpwɝm/ shipworms n
taret
Any of several wormlike marine molluscs (not true worms) of the family Teredinidae that bore through the wooden hulls of ships and other woody material immersed in salt water; specifically, the naval shipworm or turu (Teredo navalis), the type species of the genus Teredo.

shipwreck /ˈʃɪpɹɛk/ shipwrecks n
épave ruine de nef ruine de vaisseau
A ship that has sunk or run aground so that it is no longer seaworthy.
naufrage
(countable, uncountable) An event where a ship sinks or runs aground.

shipwreck /ˈʃɪpɹɛk/ v
naufrager
To wreck a boat through a collision or mishap.

shipwrecked adj
naufragé
Stranded as a result of a shipwreck.

shipyard shipyards n
chantier naval
A place where ships are built and repaired.

shire /ʃaɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ʃaɪə/ shires n
comté
(chiefly, historical) An administrative area or district between about the 5th to the 11th century, subdivided into hundreds or wapentakes and jointly governed by an ealdorman and a sheriff; also, a present-day area corresponding to such a historical district; a county; especially (England) , a county having a name ending in -shire.
(Australia, often, attributive) An outer suburban or rural local government area which elects its own council.

shirk /ʃɜːk/ /ʃɝk/ v
esquiver se défiler éviter
(transitive) To avoid, especially a duty, responsibility, etc.; to stay away from.

shirr /ʃɜɹ/ /ʃɜː/ v
froncer
(US, sewing) To make gathers in textiles by drawing together parallel threads.

shirt /ʃəːɾʈ/ /ʃəːʈ/ /ʃɜːt/ /ʃɝt/ shirts n
chemise
An article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.

shirtless /ˈʃɜːtləs/ /ˈʃɝtləs/ more shirtless most shirtless adj
torse nu
(chiefly of a man) Not wearing a shirt; having a bare torso, barechested

shirtmaker shirtmakers n
chemisier
A person who makes shirts.

shish kebab /ˈʃɪʃkəbɑb/ /ˌʃɪʃkəˈbæb/ shish kebabs n
chichekébab
A dish made of small pieces of meat, with or without vegetables, which are skewered on a wooden or metal stick and roasted in an oven or over an open fire.

shish taouk /ʃɪʃ tæ.uːk/ shish taouks n
chich taouk shish taouk
(Quebec) Chicken shawarma, as a platter or as a pita sandwich.

shit /ʃɪt/ more shit most shit shitter shittest adj
merdique nul nul à chier
(vulgar, colloquial) Of poor quality; worthless.
dégueulasse
(vulgar, colloquial) Nasty; despicable.

shit /ʃɪt/ interjection
merde!
(vulgar) Expression of worry, failure, shock, etc., often at something seen for the first time or remembered immediately before using this term.

shit /ʃɪt/ shits n
merde crotte
(countable, uncountable, colloquial, vulgar) Solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels; feces.
merde
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Rubbish; worthless matter.
connerie merde
(uncountable, vulgar, colloquial) Nonsense; bullshit.
merde enculé fumier
(countable, vulgar, colloquial) A nasty, despicable person, used particularly of men.
que dalle merde
(uncountable, slang, vulgar) Anything exceptional or remarkable.

shit /ʃɪt/ v
chier caguer
(transitive, reflexive) To defecate on; to soil through defecating.
chier dans son froc
(transitive, vulgar, colloquial) To fool or try to fool someone; to be deceitful.

shit a brick v
chier dans son froc chier une pendule péter un plomb
(idiomatic, vulgar) To react strongly or excessively, especially in anger, fear, or astonishment.

shit ass shit asses n
bâton merdeux enculé

shit oneself v
chier dans son froc
(vulgar, slang, figurative) To be very frightened or astonished (to the extent that one might lose control of one's bowels).

shit sandwich shit sandwiches n
sandwich de marde

shit yeah interjection
merde!
(informal, vulgar, colloquial) Expressing joy, celebration, glee, support, elation, etc.

shit-eating grin shit-eating grins n
rictus jubilatoire sourire de faux-cul sourire à manger de la merde
(idiomatic, vulgar) A broad smile indicating self-awareness that may suggest self-satisfaction, smugness, discomfort, or embarrassment.

shit-for-brains /ˈʃɪt fɚ ˌbɹeɪnz/ adj
bête idiot stupide
(derogatory, vulgar, colloquial) Extremely stupid.

shit-stirrer shit-stirrers n
fouteur de merde
(slang) One who enjoys creating trouble for others by provoking controversy, for example by revealing facts that others would prefer to keep secret.

shitbox shitboxes n
poubelle épave
(colloquial, vulgar) An old and decrepit automobile.

shite /ʃaɪt/ more shite most shite adj
à chier
(British, Irish, vulgar) Bad; awful; shit.

shite /ʃaɪt/ interjection
merde
(UK, Irish, vulgar) An expression of annoyance or dismay.

shite /ʃaɪt/ shites n
conneries merde
(British, Irish, vulgar) Shit; trash; rubbish; nonsense

shithead /ˈʃɪt.hɛd/ shitheads n
enculé enfoiré merdeux
(countable, pejorative, slang, vulgar) A stupid or contemptible person.
kilo de merde paquet de merde tas de merde
(uncountable, vulgar, card games) A card game, the aim of which is to lose one's cards.

shithole /ˈʃɪt.hoʊl/ shitholes n
trou paumé trou à rats
A very dirty, poor, and unpleasant place.

shithouse shithouses n
chiotte

shitload shitloads n
chiée palanquée
(vulgar, slang) A large amount.

shits /ʃɪts/ n
chiasse
(colloquial, vulgar) .

shitstorm shitstorms n
bordel merdier panade
(slang, pejorative, vulgar) A chaotic and unpleasant or violent situation.

shitter /ˈʃɪt.ə/ /ˈʃɪt.ɚ/ [ˈʃɪɾ.ɚ] shitters n
cagoinces chiottes goguenots tartisses
(slang, vulgar) A toilet or lavatory; an outhouse.

shitting /ˈʃɪtɪŋ/ adj
putain de
(vulgar) An intensifier, often applying more to the whole utterance than to the specific word it modifies; same as fucking.

shitty /ˈʃɪti/ [ˈʃɪɾi] shittier shittiest adj
merdique merde dégueulasse
(vulgar, colloquial) Very bad; unpleasant; miserable; insignificant.
merdique merde
(informal, vulgar) Of low quality or standard; inferior; not up to par, or failing one's expectations

shiv /ʃɪv/ shivs n
surin
A knife, especially a makeshift one fashioned from something not normally used as a weapon (like a plastic spoon or a toothbrush).

shiv /ʃɪv/ v
suriner
(by extension) To stab someone with anything not normally used as a stabbing weapon.

shive /ʃaɪv/ shives n
chènevotte
A splinter or fragment of the woody core of flax or hemp broken off in braking or scutching

shiver /ˈʃɪvə/ /ˈʃɪvɚ/ shivers n
frisson
The act of shivering.
(medicine) A bodily response to early hypothermia.Wp

shiver /ˈʃɪvə/ /ˈʃɪvɚ/ v
frissonner
To tremble or shake, especially when cold or frightened.
(nautical, transitive) To cause to shake or tremble, as a sail, by steering close to the wind.

shiver my timbers /ˈʃɪvə maɪ ˈtɪmbəs/ /ˈʃɪvɚ maɪ ˈtɪmbɚs/ interjection
mille sabords
A mild oath expressing surprise, disbelief or annoyance. It is stereotypically regarded as being uttered by pirates.

shoal /ʃəʊl/ shoals n
banc de sable
A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow.

shock /ʃɑk/ /ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ shocks n
choc
(figuratively) Something so surprising that it is stunning.
(medicine) Circulatory shock, a medical emergency characterized by the inability of the circulatory system to supply enough oxygen to meet tissue requirements.
A sudden, heavy impact.
(medicine) Electric shock, a sudden burst of electrical energy hitting a person or animal.
choc choc émotionnel
(psychology) A sudden or violent mental or emotional disturbance.

shock /ʃɑk/ /ʃɒk/ /ʃɔk/ v
choquer
(transitive) To cause to be emotionally shocked; to cause (someone) to feel surprised and upset.

shock absorber shock absorbers n
amortisseur
(mechanical engineering) A mechanical device designed to smooth out or damp any sudden shock impulse and dissipate kinetic energy; usually consists of a combination of a spring and a dashpot.

shock and awe /ˈʃɑk (ə)nd ˈɑ/ /ˈʃɑk (ə)nd ˈɔ/ /ˈʃɒk (ə)nd ˈɔː/ n
choc et effroi choc et stupeur
(military, also, figuratively) A doctrine based on the use of spectacular displays of force. [from 1996]

shock wave shock waves n
onde de choc
(physics) A powerful compression wave produced by the movement of a body through a fluid or gas at a velocity greater than the local speed of sound.

shocked /ʃɒkt/ more shocked most shocked adj
choqué
Surprised, startled, confused, or taken aback, particularly when also indignant.

shocking /ˈʃɑkɪŋ/ /ˈʃɒkɪŋ/ more shocking most shocking adj
choquant offensant
Inspiring shock; startling.
Unusually obscene or lewd.
choquant
(colloquial) Extremely bad.

shockproof more shockproof most shockproof adj
antichoc
Made sturdily enough to withstand knocks and shocks without being damaged.

shod /ʃɑd/ /ʃɒd/ adj
chaussé
Wearing shoes.

shoddy /ʃɒdi/ shoddier shoddiest adj
effiloché
Of poor quality or construction

shoe /ʃu/ /ʃuː/ shoen shoes shoon n
chaussure soulier
A protective covering for the foot, with a bottom part composed of thick leather or plastic sole and often a thicker heel, and a softer upper part made of leather or synthetic material. Shoes generally do not extend above the ankle, as opposed to boots, which do.
Something resembling a shoe in form, position, or function, such as a brake shoe.

shoe /ʃu/ /ʃuː/ v
ferrer chausser
(transitive) To put shoes on someone or something else's feet, especially to put horseshoes on a horse.

shoe brush shoe brushes n
brosse à reluire
a brush used to apply shoe polish to shoes, work the polish in and bring up a shine.

shoe polish shoe polishes n
cirage
A product rubbed onto shoes to make them shine.

shoe size shoe sizes n
pointure
The size of shoe that fits a person, often indicated by an alphanumeric code.

shoe tree shoe trees n
embauchoir
A device approximating the shape of a foot that is placed inside a shoe when it is being stored to preserve its shape and extend the life of the shoe.

shoebill /ˈʃu.bɪl/ shoebills n
bec-en-sabot du Nil abu-markub
Balaeniceps rex, a tall wading bird related to the stork, native to tropical African swamps; the sole species of the family Balaenicipitidae.

shoehorn /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/ /ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/ shoehorns n
chausse-pied
A smooth tool that assists in putting the foot into a shoe, by sliding the heel in after the toe is in place. This reduces discomfort and damage to the back of the shoe. By slipping it into the back of the shoe behind the heel, the user prevents the heel from squashing down the back of the shoe and causing difficulty; instead the heel slides down the smooth shoehorn, which then comes out easily once the foot is in place.

shoehorn /ˈʃuːˌhɔɹn/ /ˈʃuːˌhɔː(ɹ)n/ v
enfoncer forcer
(transitive, figuratively) To force (something) into (a tight space); to squeeze (something) into (a schedule, etc); to exert great effort to insert or include (something); to include (something) despite potent reasons not to.

shoelace /ˈʃuːˌleɪs/ shoelaces n
lacet lacet de soulier
A lace used for fastening a shoe.

shoemaker shoemakers n
cordonnier cordonnière
A person who makes shoes

shoemaking n
cordonnerie
The making of shoes.

shoeshiner shoeshiners n
cireur cireur de bottes cireur de chaussures cireuse cireuse de bottes cireuse de chaussures
A person who shines shoes and other footwear, usually for a fee.

shoestring /ˈʃustɹɪŋ/ /ˈʃuːstɹɪŋ/ shoestrings n
allumette julienne
(cooking) A long, narrow cut of a food; a julienne.

shofar /ˈʃaʊ̯fɔʁ/ /ˈʃoʊ̯fɑɹ/ /ˈʃoʊ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃɔɪ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃəɪ̯fɚ/ /ˈʃəʊ̯fə/ /ˈʃɛɪ̯fɚ/ shofarot shofaroth shofars shofroth n
chofar shofar shophar chophar schofar
(Judaism) A ram’s-horn trumpet.

shogi /ˈʃoʊɡiː/ n
shogi shōgi
Japanese chess; a board game similar to chess, invented and traditionally played in Japan.

shogun /ˈʃəʊɡʌn/ shogun shoguns n
shogun
The supreme generalissimo of feudal Japan.

shogunate shogunates n
shogunat bakufu
(historical) The administration of a shogun.

shoo /ʃuː/ interjection
ouste pschtt zou
(informal, demeaning) Go away! Clear off!

shoo /ʃuː/ v
zou
(transitive, informal) To induce someone or something to leave.

shoot /ʃuːt/ interjection
mercredi mince zut
A mild expletive, expressing disbelief or disdain

shoot /ʃuːt/ shoots n
pousse
The emerging stem and embryonic leaves of a new plant.
prise de photos séance photo
A photography session.

shoot /ʃuːt/ v
tirer
To send out or forth, especially with a rapid or sudden motion; to cast with the hand; to hurl; to discharge; to emit.
To protrude; to jut; to project; to extend.

shoot down v
abattre
(transitive) To cause to fall by shooting.

shoot one's mouth off v
ouvrir sa grande gueule
(slang) To make reckless or exaggerated statements.

shoot oneself in the foot v
se tirer une balle dans le pied
(idiomatic) To act against one's own interests; to unintentionally behave self-destructively.

shoot the breeze v
tailler le bout de gras tailler une bavette taper la causette taper la discute
(idiomatic, US) To chat idly or generally waste time talking.

shoot the messenger v
tirer sur le messager tuer le messager
(idiomatic) To blame a problem on whoever reported it; to hold somebody accountable for a problem because they brought attention to it.

shoot up v
shooter
(intransitive, transitive) To inject (a drug) intravenously.

shooter /ˈʃuːtə(ɹ)/ shooters n
tireur tireuse
Someone who shoots something; a gunner, archer, etc.
(craps) The player throwing the dice.
(slang) An associate willing to act in one's defence or to act against one's enemies, especially by force.
(by extension) A loyal advocate or fan.
(professional wrestling, _, slang) A professional wrestler who uses actual fighting moves as part of his style, or who speaks his mind during a live or televised event (instead of speaking from a script).
A large marble used for knocking smaller marbles out of a chalk circle.
An alcoholic beverage typically served in a shot glass.
(rare) A shooting star.
(alternative medicine) A device supposed to accumulate orgone.
tireur flingue tireuse
(slang) A firearm.
tireur jeu de fusillade tireuse
A video game in which shooting enemies (or targets) is the main objective.

shooting /ˈʃuːtɪŋ/ shootings n
tir fusillade
(countable) An instance of shooting with a gun or other weapon.

shooting guard shooting guards n
arrière
(basketball) A guard who is usually the taller of the two guard positions, and sometimes specializes in shooting from outside, particular from beyond the three-point line.

shooting range shooting ranges n
stand de tir champ de tir
A facility designed for firearms practice.

shooting star shooting stars n
étoile filante
A meteor, especially a streak of light in the night sky, caused by a meteoroid burning up as it enters the Earth’s atmosphere.

shootout /ˈʃuːtaʊt/ shootouts n
tirs au but
(football) A penalty shootout.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ shops n
magasin boutique
An establishment that sells goods or services to the public; originally only a physical location, but now a virtual establishment as well.
atelier
A place where things are manufactured or crafted; a workshop.
A variety of classes taught in junior or senior high school that teach vocational skill.

shop /ʃɑp/ /ʃɒp/ v
faire les courses faire les magasins faire des achats faire du shopping
(intransitive) To visit stores or shops to browse or explore merchandise, especially with the intention of buying such merchandise.

shop assistant shop assistants n
vendeuse vendeur
An employee in a shop, a shopkeeper.

shop steward shop stewards n
délégué syndical
A local member of a trade union elected to represent his fellow workers in discussions with the management at a workplace.

shop window shop windows n
vitrine
A large window at the front of a shop, behind which items for sale are displayed.

shopgirl shopgirls n
midinette
A girl who works in a shop; a young saleswoman.

shopkeeper /ˈʃɒpkiːpɚ/ shopkeepers n
commerçant boutiquier boutiquière détaillant détaillante magasinier
A trader who sells goods in a shop, or by retail, in distinction from one who sells by wholesale, or sells door to door.

shoplift /ˈʃɒplɪft/ v
voler à l’étalage
(transitive) To steal something from a shop or store during business hours, usually by means of hiding merchandise.
(intransitive) To steal from shops / stores during trading hours.

shoplifter shoplifters n
voleur à l’étalage voleuse à l’étalage
A person who shoplifts, one who steals from shops.

shoplifting shopliftings n
vol à l'étalage
(uncountable) The action of stealing goods from a shop; the action of the verb shoplift.

shopper /ˈʃɑ.pɚ/ /ˈʃɑː.pəɾ/ /ˈʃɒp.ə/ /ˈʃɔp.ə/ shoppers n
acheteur acheteuse client cliente
A person who shops.

shopping /ˈʃɑpɪŋ/ /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ shoppings n
shopping courses magasinage
The process of buying goods or services, or searching for those suitable to buy.
achat
Recently bought goods.

shopping bag shopping bags n
sac à provisions
A strong bag with handles used to put purchases in; usually made of plastic, paper or fabric, sometimes given away with a purchase.

shopping basket shopping baskets n
panier
A basket to put groceries and other merchandise in while shopping.
(internet) A page on a shopping website where one's prospective purchases are listed before payment.

shopping cart /ˈʃɑpɪŋ kɑɹt/ shopping carts n
chariot de supermarché chariot caddie charriot
(US, Philippines) A conveyance used to carry groceries and other items while shopping in a store.

shopping centre shopping centres n
centre commercial centre d'achats
(British, AU) A large retail outlet consisting of several shops.

shopping list shopping lists n
liste de commissions liste de courses
A list, written on e.g. a piece of paper, of items that need to be bought.

shore /ʃo(ː)ɹ/ /ʃoə/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ shores n
bord rivage rive
(from the perspective of one on a body of water) Land, usually near a port.

shore crab shore crabs n
crabe enragé crabe vert
A type of crab (Carcinus maenas) native to the coasts of Europe and North Africa.

shore up /ˈʃɔɹ‿ʌp/ /ˈʃɔːɹ‿ʌp/ v
accorer renforcer étançonner
(transitive, often, figuratively) To reinforce or strengthen (something at risk of failure).

shoreline shorelines n
rivage
The divide between land and a body of water.

shoring shorings n
étançonnement
Temporary bracing used to prevent something, such as a tunnel, trench, or wall, from collapse.

short /ʃoɹt/ /ʃoːt/ /ʃɔːt/ /ʃɔːɹt/ /ˈʃoːrt/ /ˈʃoːɻt/ /ˈʃɒːɹt/ [ʃɑɹt] shorter shortest adj
court bref
Having a small distance from one end or edge to another, either horizontally or vertically.
Having little duration.
bref petit court
(of a person) Of comparatively small height.

short /ʃoɹt/ /ʃoːt/ /ʃɔːt/ /ʃɔːɹt/ /ˈʃoːrt/ /ˈʃoːɻt/ /ˈʃɒːɹt/ [ʃɑɹt] v
court-circuiter
(transitive) To cause a short circuit in (something).

short circuit short circuits n
court-circuit
(electrical engineering) A usually unintentional connection of low resistance or impedance in a circuit such that excessive and often damaging current flows in it.

short circuit v
court-circuiter
(transitive) To cause a short circuit in.

short film short films n
court métrage court-métrage
Any motion picture not long enough to be considered a feature film.

short form short forms n
forme tronquée
(phonetics) A word with the same meaning as another formed by removing one or more of the syllables of the longer word, and considered a word in its own right rather than an abbreviation.

short of phraseologicalUnit
à court
Insufficiently equipped with.

short reckonings make long friends proverb
les bons comptes font les bons amis

short scale n
échelle courte

short selling n
vente à découvert
(commerce, finance) The practice of selling items or stock which one does not currently possess.

short story short stories n
nouvelle conte récit court
A work of fiction that is shorter than a novella.

short ton short tons n
tonne courte
A unit of ship capacity or weight equal to 2000 U.S. or avoirdupois pounds, approximately 907 kilograms.

short track short tracks n
patinage de vitesse court piste patinage de vitesse sur court piste
(iceskating) A short-track speedskating oval.

short twentieth century /-ɪθ-/ /ˈʃoɹt ˌtwɛn.(t)ɪ.əθ ˈsɛn.(t)ʃ(ə).ɹi/ /ˈʃɔːt ˌtwɛn.(t)ɪ.əθ ˈsɛn.t͡ʃ(ʊ).ɹi/ pn
court XXe siècle
(historical period, specifically) The period between 1914 and 1991, from the beginning of World War I to the fall of the Soviet Union. [from 1990s]

short-billed dowitcher short-billed dowitchers n
bécassin roux
a long-legged and long-billed migratory wading bird, Limnodromus griseus

short-eared owl short-eared owls n
hibou des marais
A species of owl, Asio flammeus.

short-legged more short-legged most short-legged adj
court sur pattes
Having short legs, particularly in proportion to one's body.

short-tailed hawk short-tailed hawks n
buse à queue courte
(Buteo brachyurus), an American bird of prey in the family Accipitridae

short-tailed parrot short-tailed parrots n
caïque à queue courte
A species of parrot, Graydidascalus brachyurus, native to tropical rain forests of South America.

short-term shorter-term shortest-term adj
à court terme
of or pertaining to the near or immediate future.
of or pertaining to a short duration of time

short-term memory n
mémoire à court terme

short-toed snake eagle short-toed snake eagles n
circaète jean-le-blanc
Circaetus gallicus, a medium-sized bird of prey in the family Accipitridae.

short-toed treecreeper short-toed treecreepers n
grimpereau des jardins
Certhia brachydactyla, a species of bird in the family Certhiidae.

shortage /ˈʃɔː(ɹ)tɪd͡ʒ/ shortages n
pénurie défaut insuffisance déficit rareté
A lack or deficiency; an insufficient amount.

shortbread shortbreads n
sablé
A type of biscuit (cookie), popular in Britain, traditionally made from one part sugar, two parts butter and three parts flour.

shortcoming /ˈʃoːtˌkʌmɪŋ/ /ˈʃɔɹtˌkʌmɪŋ/ /ˈʃɔːtˌkʌmɪŋ/ [ˈʃɑɹtˌkʌmɪŋ] shortcomings n
défaut carence imperfection lacune
A deficiency or falling short; failure to attain a goal or ideal.

shortcrust pastry shortcrust pastries n
pâte brisée
(cooking) Pastry containing no leavening agent; often used to make the base of tarts, pies etc.

shortcut /ˈʃoɹtˌkʌt/ /ˈʃoːt.kat/ /ˈʃɔːtkʌt/ [ˈʃoːʔ.kat] [ˈʃoːʔ.kaʔ] shortcuts n
raccourci
A path between two points that is faster than the commonly used paths.
A method to accomplish something that omits one or more steps.
raccourci lien symbolique
(computing, in the Microsoft family of operating systems) A file that points to the location of another file and serves as a quick way to access it.

shorten /ˈʃɔɹtən/ /ˈʃɔːtən/ v
raccourcir écourter
(transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate.
(intransitive) To become shorter.

shortening shortenings n
graisse alimentaire
(US, cooking) Fat that is solid at room temperature, especially hydrogenated vegetable oil (known as vegetable shortening), used to make shortcrust pastry and in deep fat frying.
raccourcissement raccourcissements
the process by which something is made shorter; a reduction in length.

shortfall shortfalls n
défaut de paiement insuffisance manquement
An instance of falling short, of not meeting a quota, an obligation, or more generally any expected target.

shorthand /ˈʃɔɹthænd/ /ˈʃɔːthænd/ shorthands n
sténographie
A rough and rapid method of writing by substituting symbols for letters, words, etc.

shortly /ʃɔːɹtli/ adv
rapidement
In a short or brief time or manner; quickly.
brièvement
In few words

shortness shortnesses n
exiguïté brièveté
(uncountable) The property of being short, of being small of stature or brief.

shortness of breath n
dyspnée souffle court
difficulty in breathing; dyspnea

shorts /ʃɔː(ɹ)ts/ n
short
pants or trousers worn for sports or in warmer weather that do not go lower than the knees.

shortstop shortstops n
arrêt-court
(baseball) The infield defensive player that stands between the second baseman and the third baseman.

shortwave /ˈʃoɹtˌweɪv/ /ˈʃɔːtˌweɪv/ adj
onde courte
(of radio waves) Having a wavelength of approximately 10 to 100 meters.

shortwave /ˈʃoɹtˌweɪv/ /ˈʃɔːtˌweɪv/ shortwaves n
onde courte
(physics) An electromagnetic wave having a wavelength between approximately 10 and 100 meters, corresponding to frequencies between 3 and 30 MHz.

shot /ʃɑt/ /ʃɒt/ /ʃɔt/ more shot most shot adj
crevé naze
Tired, weary.
fichu naze
(colloquial) Worn out or broken.

shot /ʃɑt/ /ʃɒt/ /ʃɔt/ shots n
tir
The result of launching a projectile or bullet.
coup
A charge to be paid, a scot or shout.
tir frappe
(sports) The act of launching a ball or similar object toward a goal.
poids
(countable, athletics) The heavy iron ball used for the shot put.
plomb
(uncountable) Small metal balls used as ammunition.
coup
(figurative) An opportunity or attempt.
dose shooter
A measure of alcohol, usually spirits, as taken either from a shot-glass or directly from the bottle, equivalent to about 44 milliliters; 1.5 ounces. ("pony shot"= 30 milliliters; 1 fluid ounce)
dose plan shooter
(photography, film) A single snapshot or an unbroken sequence of photographic film exposures, or the digital equivalent; an unedited sequence of frames.
injection piqure piqûre
(medicine) A vaccination or injection.

shot glass shot glasses n
verre à alcool fort verre à liqueur verre à shot
A small glass used to hold or measure a small quantity of liquor.

shot on goal shots on goal n
tir au but
(sports) A shot at the opponent's goal.

shot put shot puts n
lancer du poids
(athletics, uncountable) An athletics event where a competitor must hurl a heavy metal orb ("shot") as far as possible. Because of the weight of the ball this is done with a pushing ("putting") motion rather than a throwing motion.

shot-putter shot-putters n
lanceur de poids lanceuse de poids
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the shot put.

shotel shotels n
shotel
An Abyssinian curved blade similar to the scimitar.

shotgun /ˈʃɑtɡʌn/ /ˈʃɒtɡʌn/ shotguns n
fusil de chasse fusil
(firearms) A gun which fires loads typically consisting of small metal balls, called shot, from a cartridge.
place du mort
(slang) The front passenger seat in a vehicle, next to the driver; so called because the position of the shotgun-armed guard on a horse-drawn stage-coach, wagon train, or gold transport was next to the driver on a forward-mounted bench seat. Can also be used in situations of claiming other resources such as bedrooms.

shotgun wedding shotgun weddings n
mariage précipité
(idiomatic, slang) A wedding in which the bride is already pregnant.

should /ʃuːld/ /ʃəd/ /ʃʊd/ /ʃʊld/ v
si
(informal) With verbs such as 'see' or 'hear', usually in the second person, used to point out something remarkable in either a good or bad way.
Will be likely to (become or do something); indicates a degree of possibility or probability that the stated thing will happen or be true in the future.
Used to express what the speaker would do in another person's situation, as a means of giving a suggestion or recommendation.
devoir
(auxiliary) Ought to; expressing expectation.

shoulder /ˈʃoʊɫdɚ/ /ˈʃəʊɫdə/ shoulders n
épaule
(anatomy) The joint between the arm and the torso, sometimes including the surrounding muscles, tendons, and ligaments.
The part of the human torso forming a relatively horizontal surface running away from the neck.
A cut of meat comprising the upper joint of the foreleg and the surrounding muscle.
A lateral protrusion of a hill or mountain.
epaule épaulement
An abrupt projection which forms an abutment on an object, or limits motion, etc., such as the projection around a tenon at the end of a piece of timber.
epaule
The rounded portion of a bottle where the neck meets the body.
bas-côté accotement
The part of a key between the cuts and the bow.Parts of a Yale lock-type key

shoulder blade shoulder blades n
omoplate
Either of the large flat bones at the back of the shoulder.

shoulder-length adj
mi-long
(of hair, clothing, jewellery, or similar) Reaching the shoulders.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ shouts n
cri
A loud burst of voice or voices; a violent and sudden outcry, especially that of a multitude expressing joy, triumph, exultation, anger, or great effort.

shout /ʃaʊt/ /ʃʌʊt/ v
crier
(intransitive) To utter a sudden and loud cry, as in joy, triumph, exultation or anger, or to attract attention, to animate others, etc.
(transitive) To utter with a shout; to cry; to shout out

shout from the rooftops v
crier sur les toits
(ambitransitive) To announce eagerly and widely; to proclaim.

shoutable more shoutable most shoutable adj
criable
Capable of, or suited to, being shouted.

shove /ʃʌv/ shoves n
bourrade poussée
A rough push.

shove /ʃʌv/ v
pousser bousculer fourrer
(transitive) To push, especially roughly or with force.

shove it up your ass v
dans ton cul se le foutre au cul va te faire enculer va te faire foutre va te faire mettre
(idiomatic, colloquial, vulgar, in the imperative) An exclamation of extreme anger, disgust, hatred; often accompanied by an obscene gesture.

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈʃʌvl̩/ shovels n
pelle bêche
A hand tool with a handle, used for moving portions of material such as earth, snow, and grain from one place to another, with some forms also used for digging. Not to be confused with a spade, which is designed solely for small-scale digging and incidental tasks such as chopping of small roots.

shovel /ˈʃʌv(ə)l/ /ˈʃʌvl̩/ v
peller
To move materials with a shovel.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ shows n
exposition
(countable) An exhibition of items.
spectacle émission festival
(countable) A broadcast program, especially a light entertainment program.
démonstration
(countable) A demonstration.

show /ʃoʊ/ /ʃəʊ/ v
montrer
(transitive) To display, to have somebody see (something).
démontrer montrer
(transitive) To indicate (a fact) to be true; to demonstrate.
montrer se voir
(intransitive) To be visible; to be seen; to appear.

show jumping n
saut d'obstacles concours de saut d'obstacles
An equestrian event in which a rider's horse is jumped over an array of obstacles.

show of force shows of force n
démonstration de force

show of hands shows of hands n
vote à main levée
A vote in which people raise a hand in order to state their agreement with something.

show off v
crâner faire le malin frimer se la péter
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To attract attention to for the purpose of bragging or personal exhibitionism; to demonstrate a skill, talent or property for the purpose of bragging or personal exhibitionism.

show one's true colors v
montrer son vrai visage se montrer sous son vrai jour
To reveal how one really is, as opposed to how one has been portrayed or after having been deceptively and deliberately misleading.

show the cloven foot v
montrer ses vraies couleurs montrer son vrai visage se montrer sous son vrai jour
(intransitive) To reveal a devilish character or an evil purpose, despite attempts to disguise it.

show trial show trials n
parodie de procès procès-spectacle
(legal) A trial held for appearance's sake, but whose verdict is predetermined, especially a "guilty" verdict with the purpose of making an example of the accused. [1937]

show up v
apparaître humilier se montrer se pointer
(transitive) To make visible; to expose.

show, don't tell /ʃəʊ dəʊnt tɛl/ proverb
montre, ne dis pas
Advice to writers: convey an impression by the way that events are described in the narrative, and not by explicitly stating facts.

show-off show-offs n
m'as-tu-vu
One who shows off; a person given to egotistically demonstrating their prowess or ability.

showboat /ˈʃoʊˌboʊt/ showboats n
bateau-théâtre
(US) A river steamboat having a resident theatre.

showbusiness /ˈʃoʊˌbɪznɪs/ n
industrie du divertissement industrie du spectacle people show business show-biz
The entertainment industry.

showcase /ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈʃəʊˌkeɪs/ showcases n
vitrine
A setting, occasion, or medium for exhibiting something or someone, especially in an attractive or favorable aspect.

showcase /ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs/ /ˈʃəʊˌkeɪs/ v
présenter
To display, demonstrate, show, or present.

showdown showdowns n
confrontation finale
The final battle between two nemeses, in which there can be but one victor.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ showers n
averse ondée bande
A brief fall of precipitation (spell of rain, or a similar fall of snow, sleet, or cascade).
douche
An instance of using of this device in order to bathe oneself.
pluie
A quantity of something that has characteristics of a rain shower.

shower /ˈʃaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaʊ.ɚ/ v
doucher prendre une douche
To bathe using a shower.

shower cap shower caps n
bonnet de douche
A waterproof headgear designed for use in the shower, to avoid wetting the hair.

shower curtain shower curtains n
rideau de douche
A waterproof curtain which hangs by the shower, to prevent water splashing from the shower.

shower gel shower gels n
gel douche
A commercial gel soap, used to wash oneself, especially in the shower.

showerbath showerbaths n
bain-douche

showerhead showerheads n
pommeau
A perforated nozzle that showers water on a bather, sometimes in adjustable patterns.

showman showmen n
showman
A person skilled in dramatic or entertaining presentation, performance, or publicity.

showmanship showmanships n
sens du spectacle
The quality or skill of giving an engaging or compelling performance; a stage presence.

showroom /ˈʃoʊˌɹum/ showrooms n
salle d'exposition salle de montre showroom
A room in a business set aside for the display of the company's products.

showrunner /ˈʃoʊˌɹʌnɚ/ showrunners n
auteur-producteur show runner
(television) The person in overall charge of the production of a television series.

showstopper showstoppers n
clap de fin
Any impediment that prevents all further progress.

showtime interjection
que le spectacle commence !
A declaration that something is about to happen, particularly that the person speaking is about to act.

showy /ˈʃoʊ.i/ /ˈʃəʊ.i/ showier showiest adj
tape-à-l’œil
(sometimes, derogatory) Calling attention; flashy; standing out to the eye.
Making a striking or aesthetically pleasing display.

shrapnel /ˈʃɹæpnəl/ shrapnels n
shrapnel
(military) Shot, fragments, or debris thrown out by an exploding shell, bomb or landmine.

shred /ʃɹɛd/ shreds n
lambeau
A long, narrow piece (especially of fabric) cut or torn off; a strip; specifically, a piece of cloth or clothing.

shred /ʃɹɛd/ v
couper dilacérer déchiqueter lacérer râper
To cut or tear (something) into long, narrow pieces or strips.
déchirer
(music) Chiefly in rock and heavy metal: to play (a musical instrument (especially a guitar) or a piece of music) very fast.
fondre
(bodybuilding) To reduce body weight due to fat and water before a competition.

shredder /ʃɹɛdə(ɹ)/ shredders n
broyeur choucrouteuse déchiqueteuse
A machine that tears up objects into smaller pieces, especially a paper shredder, garbage shredder or gardening or farming shredder.

shrew /ʃɹuː/ shrews n
musaraigne
Any of numerous small, mouselike, chiefly nocturnal, mammals of the family Soricidae (order Soricomorpha).
mégère furie
(pejorative) An ill-tempered, nagging woman: a scold.

shrewd /ʃɹuːd/ shrewder shrewdest adj
perspicace sagace
Showing clever resourcefulness in practical matters.
futé habile roublard rusé
Artful, tricky or cunning.
avisé malin futé sagace
(informal) streetwise, street-smart.

shrewdly more shrewdly most shrewdly adv
astucieusement avec perspicacité
In a shrewd manner.

shriek /ʃɹiːk/ shrieks n
hurlement
A sharp, shrill outcry or scream; a shrill wild cry such as is caused by sudden or extreme terror, pain, or the like.

shriek /ʃɹiːk/ v
crier
(intransitive) To utter a loud, sharp, shrill sound or cry, as do some birds and beasts; to scream, as in a sudden fright, in horror or anguish.

shrike /ʃɹaɪk/ shrikes n
pie-grièche
Any of various passerine birds of the family Laniidae which are known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns.

shrill /ʃɹɪl/ shriller shrillest adj
strident
High-pitched and piercing.
criard
Having a shrill voice.

shrilly more shrilly most shrilly adv
de manière stridente stridemment
In a shrill manner.

shrimp /ʃɹɪmp/ shrimp shrimps n
crevette
(uncountable) The flesh of such crustaceans.

shrimp boat shrimp boats n
crevettier
A boat used for shrimp fishing.

shrine /ʃɹaɪ̯n/ shrines n
sanctuaire lieu saint
A holy or sacred place dedicated to a specific deity, ancestor, hero, martyr, saint, or similar figure of awe and respect, at which said figure is venerated or worshipped.
châsse
A case, box, or receptacle, especially one in which are deposited sacred relics, as the bones of a saint.

shrink /ˈʃɹɪŋk/ shrinks n
psy
(slang, sometimes, pejorative) A psychiatrist or psychotherapist.

shrink /ˈʃɹɪŋk/ v
rétrécir diminuer faire rétrécir rapetisser
(transitive) To cause to become smaller.
rétrécir se resserrer se réduire
(intransitive) To become smaller; to contract.

shrinkflation n
réduflation shrinkflation

shrivel /ˈʃɹɪvəl/ v
se flétrir
(intransitive) To collapse inward; to crumble.
se rider
(intransitive) To become wrinkled.
rider
(transitive) To draw into wrinkles.

shroud /ʃɹaʊd/ shrouds n
linceul suaire
Especially, the dress for the dead; a winding sheet.
voile
A covered place used as a retreat or shelter, as a cave or den; also, a vault or crypt.
hauban
(nautical) One of a set of ropes or cables (rigging) attaching a mast to the sides of a vessel or to another anchor point, serving to support the mast sideways; such rigging collectively.
coiffe
(astronautics) A streamlined protective covering used to protect the payload during a rocket-powered launch.

shrub /ʃɹʌb/ shrubs n
arbrisseau arbuste
A woody plant smaller than a tree, and usually with several stems from the same base.

shrub celery n
céleri en branches
The crisp, thick leafstalk of the celery plant; used as a vegetable, or eaten raw.

shrubbery /ˈʃɹʌbəɹi/ shrubberies n
fruticée
A planting of shrubs; a wide border to a garden where shrubs are thickly planted; or a similar larger area with a path winding through it.

shrug /ʃɹʌɡ/ shrugs n
haussement d'épaules
A lifting of the shoulders to signal indifference or a casual lack of knowledge.
A cropped, cardigan-like garment with short or long sleeves, typically knitted.

shrug /ʃɹʌɡ/ v
hausser les épaules
(ambitransitive) To raise (the shoulders) to express uncertainty, lack of concern, (formerly) dread, etc.

shrug off v
ignorer
(transitive) To ignore or disregard; to be indifferent to.

shtetl /ˈʃtɛt(ə)l/ shtetlach shtetlech shtetlekh shtetls n
schtetl shtetl chtetl
A Jewish village or small town, especially one in Eastern Europe.

shtick /ʃtɪk/ shticks n
truc
A gimmick.

shtup /ʃtʊp/ /ʃtʌp/ v
baiser niquer
(ambitransitive, slang) have sex (with)

shuck /ʃʌk/ v
décortiquer écailler écosser
(transitive, intransitive, slang) To fool; to hoax.

shudder /ˈʃʌd.ə/ /ˈʃʌd.ɚ/ [ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ] shudders n
frisson tremblement
A shivering tremor, often from fear or horror.
frisson
A moment of almost pleasurable fear; a frisson.

shudder /ˈʃʌd.ə/ /ˈʃʌd.ɚ/ [ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ] v
frissonner trembler
(intransitive) To shake nervously, often from fear or horror.
(intransitive) To vibrate jerkily.

shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/ shuffles n
battage
The act of shuffling cards.

shuffle /ˈʃʌfəl/ v
mélanger battre
(ambitransitive) To put in a random order.
traîner les pieds
To change one's position; to shift ground; to evade questions; to resort to equivocation; to prevaricate.

shuffle the cards v
rebattre les cartes

shumai shumai shumais n
shaomai
A traditional steamed Chinese pork dumpling served in dim sum.

shun /ʃʌn/ v
rejeter éviter
(transitive) To avoid, especially persistently; ostracize.
esquiver fuir
(transitive) To escape (a threatening evil, an unwelcome task etc).

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ shunts n
dérivation
(electricity) A connection used as an alternative path between parts of an electrical circuit.
pontage
(surgery) A passage between body channels constructed surgically as a bypass; a tube inserted into the body to create such a passage.
aiguillage
(rail transport) A switch on a railway used to move a train from one track to another.
accrochage
(chiefly, road transport, informal, Britain) A minor collision between vehicles.

shunt /ʃənt/ /ʃʌnt/ v
parquer reléguer
(transitive) To divert to a less important place, position, or state.
dériver détourner le courant électrique
(transitive, electricity) To divert electric current by providing an alternative path.
aiguiller manœuvrer
(transitive, rail transport) To move a train from one track to another, or to move carriages, etc. from one train to another.
accrocher avoir un accrochage
(transitive, chiefly, road transport, informal, Britain) To have a minor collision, especially in a motor car.

shunter shunters n
locotracteur
(rail, British) A railway locomotive used for shunting; a switcher.

shunting shuntings n
aiguillage
The manipulation of railway rolling stock into different combinations or onto different tracks.

shush /ʃʊʃ/ /ʃʌʃ/ v
chut
(onomatopoeia, intransitive) To be quiet; to keep quiet.

shut /ʃɛt/ /ʃʊt/ /ʃʌt/ v
fermer
(transitive) To close, to stop from being open.
(intransitive) To close, to stop being open.
(transitive, or, intransitive, chiefly, British) To close (a business) temporarily.
(transitive) To isolate, to close off from the world.

shut down v
éteindre
(ergative) To turn off or stop.

shut up /ʃʌt ˈʌp/ [ʃʌt̚ ˈʌp] [ʃʌʔ ˈʌp] [ʃʌˈɾʌp] interjection
arrête !
(colloquial, ) I don't believe it!, no way!

shut up /ʃʌt ˈʌp/ [ʃʌt̚ ˈʌp] [ʃʌʔ ˈʌp] [ʃʌˈɾʌp] v
fermer
(transitive) To close (a building) so that no one can enter.
enfermer renfermer
(transitive) To put (someone or something) in a secure enclosed space, such as a room or container.
taire enfermer faire taire la fermer renfermer se taire
(ergative, often, imperative) Of a person, to stop talking or (of a person or thing) making noise.

shutdown shutdowns n
arrêt
The action of stopping operations; a closing, of a computer, business, event, etc.

shutout shutouts n
balle balles blanchissage jeu blanc
(sports) A game that ends with the losing side being held scoreless.

shutter /ˈʃʌt.ə/ /ˈʃʌɾ.ɚ/ shutters n
volet contrevent
(usually, in the plural) Protective panels, usually wooden, placed over windows to block out the light.
obturateur
(photography) The part of a camera, normally closed, that opens for a controlled period of time to let light in when taking a picture.

shutter speed shutter speeds n
vitesse d'obturation
(photography) The duration of time for which the shutter of a camera remains open when exposing photographic film or other photosensitive material to light for the purpose of recording an image.

shuttle /ˈʃʌtəl/ shuttles n
navette
(weaving) A tool used to carry the woof back and forth between the warp threads on a loom.
The sliding thread holder in a sewing machine, which carries the lower thread through a loop of the upper thread, to make a lock stitch.
A transport service (such as a bus or train) that goes back and forth between two or more places.

shuttlecock /ˈʃʌtl̩kɑk/ /ˈʃʌtl̩kɒk/ shuttlecocks n
volant
(countable) A lightweight object that is conical in shape with a cork or rubber-covered nose, used in badminton the way a ball is used in other racquet games. [from early 16th c.]

shy /ʃaɪ/ more shy most shy shier shiest shyer shyest adj
timide
Easily frightened; timid.
timide gêné
Reserved; disinclined to familiar approach.
prudent
Cautious; wary; suspicious.
embarrassé
Embarrassed.

shyly more shyly most shyly adv
timidement
In a shy manner.

shyness /ˈʃaɪnəs/ shynesses n
timidité
The quality of being shy; a fear of social interactions.

shyster /ˈʃaɪs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃaɪs.tɚ/ shysters n
avocaillon chicaneur
Someone who acts in a disreputable, unethical, or unscrupulous way, especially in the practice of law and politics.

si /siː/ sis n
si
(music) A syllable used in solfège to represent the seventh note of a major scale.

sibilant /ˈsɪb.ɪ.lənt/ more sibilant most sibilant adj
sifflant sifflante
Characterized by a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.

sibilant /ˈsɪb.ɪ.lənt/ sibilants n
sifflante
(phonetics) A consonant having a hissing or hushing sound such as the s or sh in sack or shack.

siblicide /ˈsɪblɪsaɪd/ siblicides n
caïnisme
(chiefly, zoology) The killing of a sibling, especially as observed among certain species of animals. [from 1980s]

sibling /ˈsɪblɪŋ/ siblings n
adelphe frères et sœurs fratrie frère et sœur germain sibling
A person who shares a parent; one's brother or sister who one shares a parent with.

sibling rivalry sibling rivalries n
rivalité fraternelle
Competition or animosity between siblings in one family.

sibyl /ˈsɪ.bəl/ [ˈsɪ.bɫ̩] sibyls n
sibylle
A pagan female oracle or prophetess, especially the Cumaean sibyl.

sibylline /ˈsɪbɪlaɪn/ sibyllines n
sibyllin
One of the Sibylline Oracles or Sibylline Books.

sic /sɪk/ adv
sic
Thus; as written; used to indicate, for example, that text is being quoted as it is from the source.

sich /siːt͡ʃ/ siches sichs n
setch sietch sitch
(historical) An administrative and military centre for the Zaporozhian and Danube Cossacks.

sick /sɪk/ sicker sickest adj
malades
(less common in the, _, UK) In poor health; ill.
nauséeuse nauséeux
Having an urge to vomit.
malade malades
(colloquial) Mentally unstable, disturbed.
en avoir marre
Tired of or annoyed by something.
de malade
(slang) Very good, excellent, awesome, badass.

sick as a dog adj
malade comme un chien

sick bay sick bays n
infirmerie
A room in an institution, or compartment on a vessel, where basic medical supplies are kept and medical attention can be sought.

sick day sick days n
arrêt maladie
A paid personal day intended to be used due to illness either for recuperation or medical treatment.

sick leave n
arrêt maladie
Paid absence from work specifically to recover from illness.

sick man of Europe pn
homme malade de l'Europe
(archaic, politics) Ottoman Empire.

sick note sick notes n
certificat médical
(UK) A note from a doctor certifying the patient is ill, and therefore unable to go to work, school, etc.

sick pay n
indemnité de maladie indemnité journalière
Money paid to an employee during his or her sick leave.

sicken /ˈsɪkən/ v
rendre malade
(transitive) To make ill.
(intransitive) To become weak; to decay; to languish.

sickening /ˈsɪk(ə)nɪŋ/ more sickening most sickening adj
dégoûtant à [[s’]]en rendre malade
Causing sickness or disgust.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ more sickle most sickle adj
serpe
falciforme
Shaped like the blade of a sickle; crescent-shaped.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ sickles n
faucille
(agriculture) An implement having a semicircular blade and short handle, used for cutting long grass and cereal crops.

sickle /ˈsɪkl̩/ v
fauciller
(agriculture, transitive) To cut with a sickle.

sickle-cell anemia n
drépanocytose
(North America) The most common form of sickle-cell disease, with anemic effects.

sickly /ˈsɪkli/ sicklier sickliest adj
maladif chétif souffreteux valétudinaire
Frequently ill or in poor health.
douceâtre douçâtre
Overly sweet.

sickly sweet more sickly sweet most sickly sweet adj
doucereux
Too sweet; sickeningly sweet or sentimental.

sickness /ˈsɪknɪs/ sicknesses n
maladie
The quality or state of being sick or diseased; illness.

side /saɪd/ /səɪd/ sides n
côté
A bounding straight edge of a two-dimensional shape.
One half (left or right, top or bottom, front or back, etc.) of something or someone.
The portion of the human torso usually covered by the arms when they are not raised; the areas on the left and right between the belly or chest and the back.
One possible aspect of a concept, person, or thing.
A group having a particular allegiance in a conflict or competition.
face côté
A flat surface of a three-dimensional object; a face.
costé côté
A region in a specified position with respect to something.
face page côté
One surface of a sheet of paper (used instead of "page", which can mean one or both surfaces.)
équipe
One set of competitors in a game.

side by side adv
côte à côte
(literally) Beside or alongside one another; close to one another and abreast.

side cap side caps n
calot
A foldable military cap with straight sides and a creased or hollow crown sloping to the back where it is parted.

side dish side dishes n
accompagnement garniture
A serving of food meant as an accompanying dish. [from 1702]

side effect side effects n
effet secondaire
An unintended consequence, or secondary result, of any action, in addition to the main or intended consequence of that action.
effet secondaire effet indésirable
(medicine) An adverse effect, an unintended consequence of a drug or therapy; usually not a beneficial effect.
effet de bord
(programming) A change in state caused by a function call.

side street side streets n
route secondaire
A secondary road; a road that is not intended for heavy traffic.

side-netting n
petit filet
(soccer) The net at either side of the goal, extending from the touchline to a few yards behind it.

side-striped jackal side-striped jackals n
chacal à flancs rayés
A species of jackal (Lupulella adusta, syn. Canis adustus), native to central and southern Africa.

sidebearing sidebearings n
approche
(typography) The margin of empty space around a glyph in a font, measured from the glyph contour's leftmost, rightmost, topmost and bottommost points to the sides of its bounding box

sideboard sideboards n
buffet
(furniture) A piece of dining room furniture having drawers and shelves for linen and tableware; originally for serving food.

sidebox sideboxes n
encadré
(typography) A box placed alongside the main text in a book, etc. containing further related text.

sideburns /ˈsaɪd.bɚnz/ /ˈsaɪd.bɜː(ɹ)nz/ n
favoris rouflaquettes
Facial hair reaching from the top of the head down the side of the face to the side of the chin.

sidecar /ˈsaɪdkɑɹ/ sidecars n
side-car
A one-wheeled attachment to the side of a motorcycle to allow for a separate seat for a passenger or cargo space.

sidekick /ˈsaɪdkɪk/ sidekicks n
acolyte faire-valoir
(informal) An assistant to another person, especially to a superior or more important person.

sidelock sidelocks n
anglaise papillote
A lock of hair worn at the side of the head.

sidequest /ˈsaɪdˌkwɛst/ sidequests n
quête annexe sous-quête
(video games) A quest given to the player that has no direct bearing on the main story/campaign of the game.

sidereal /saɪˈdɪə.ɹi.əl/ /saɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ /sɪˈdɪɚ.i.əl/ adj
sidéral
(astronomy) Relating to a measurement of time relative to the position of the stars.

sidereal day sidereal days n
jour sidéral
(astronomy) One day of sidereal time; the time in which Earth rotates once around its axis, relative to the point of the vernal equinox (about 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds).

sidereal time /saɪ.ˈdɪə.riəl taɪm/ /səɪ.ˈdɪə.riəl taɪm/ n
temps sidéral
(astronomy) Time measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the vernal equinox; approximated by that based on the rotation of planet Earth relative to the seemingly fixed stars.

sidereal year sidereal years n
année sidérale
The orbital period of the Earth with respect to the fixed stars.

sideremia n
sidérémie

siderite siderites n
sidérite
(uncountable, mineral) a widespread brown mineral, FeCO3, having the structure of calcite
(countable) an iron meteorite

siderosis sideroses n
sidérose
(medicine) A form of pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of iron dust

sideslip sideslips n
glissade
(aviation) A flight manoeuvre that uses opposing rudder and aileron inputs to move the aircraft sideways without turning it.
angle au vent
(aviation, uncountable, by extension) The angle between an aircraft's longitudinal axis and its direction of motion relative to the surrounding air.

sidestroke sidestrokes n
nage indienne
A swimming stroke swum on the swimmer's side.

sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɑk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔk/ /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ sidewalks n
trottoir
(US) (usually) a paved footpath located at the side of a road, for the use of pedestrians
(US, by extension) any paved footpath, even if not located at the side of a road

sideways /ˈsaɪdweɪz/ adv
de côté
With a side to the front.
Towards one side.
de travers
Askance; sidelong.

sidewinder /ˈsaɪd.waɪn.dɚ/ sidewinders n
crotale cornu
A North American rattlesnake, Crotalus cerastes, that inhabits lowland deserts.

siding /ˈsaɪdɪŋ/ sidings n
bardage
(North America) A building material which covers and protects the sides of a house or other building.
voie de garage
(rail transport) A second, relatively short length of track just to the side of a railroad track, joined to the main track by switches at one or both ends, used either for loading or unloading freight, storing trains or other rail vehicles; or to allow two trains on a same track to meet (opposite directions) or pass (same direction) (the latter sense is probably an American definition).

sidle /ˈsaɪdl/ /ˈsaɪdəl/ v
se faufiler
(ambitransitive, also, figuratively) In the intransitive sense often followed by up: to (cause something to) advance in a coy, furtive, or unobtrusive manner.

siege /sid͡ʒ/ /siːd͡ʒ/ sieges n
siège
(military) A prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition.

siege engine /ˈsid͡ʒ ˌɛnd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈsiːd͡ʒ ˌɛnd͡ʒɪn/ siege engines n
arme de siège engin de siège machine de siège
(artillery, historical) A large weapon of war used during ancient and medieval times to batter fortifications, settlements, etc.; specifically, a trebuchet or other type of catapult.

siege tower siege towers n
beffroi tour de siège
(historical) A siege weapon, consisting of a wheeled wooden tower with ladders inside, which was parked next to walls so assailants could safely scale them.

siege warfare n
guerre de siège
Warfare in which the defender is trapped in a position (such as a fort or castle) while the attacker bombards and/or barricades them from outside.

siemens /ˈsiːmənz/ siemens n
siemens
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical conductance; the electric conductance in a body that has a resistance of one ohm. Symbol: S

siesta /siˈɛstə/ siestas n
sieste
A nap, especially an afternoon one taken after lunch in some cultures.

sieve /sɪv/ sieves n
tamis crible passoire
A device with a mesh bottom to separate, in a granular material, larger particles from smaller ones, or to separate solid objects from a liquid.
crible
A process, physical or abstract, that arrives at a final result by filtering out unwanted pieces of input from a larger starting set of input.

sieve /sɪv/ v
sasser tamiser
To strain, sift or sort using a sieve.

sievert /ˈsiː.vət/ /ˈsiː.vɚt/ sieverts n
sievert
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of radiation dose; the dose received in one hour at a distance of 1 cm from a point source of 1 mg of radium in a 0.5 mm thick platinum enclosure. Symbol: Sv

sifaka /sɪˈfɑːkə/ sifakas n
sifaka
A medium-sized lemur of the genus Propithecus.

sift /sɪft/ v
tamiser passer
To sieve or strain (something).
disséminer éparpiller
To separate or scatter (things) as if by sieving.

sifu sifu sifus n
shifu sifu
A master or teacher in the context of martial arts, especially kung fu and tai chi.

sigh /saɪ/ sighs n
soupir
A deep, prolonged audible inhale and exhale of breath; as when fatigued, frustrated, grieved, or relieved; the act of sighing.

sigh /saɪ/ v
soupirer
(intransitive) To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and immediately expel it; to make a deep single audible respiration, especially as the result or involuntary expression of fatigue, exhaustion, grief, sorrow, frustration, or the like.
(intransitive) To make a sound like sighing.
(transitive) To express by sighs; to utter in or with sighs.

sigh of relief sighs of relief n
soupir de soulagement
A release of stress through breathing motions.

sight /saɪt/ sights n
vue
Something seen.
curiosité monuments principales attractions quelque chose à voir truc à voir
(often, in the plural) Something worth seeing; a spectacle, either good or bad.
viseur mire
(often, in the plural) A device used in aiming a projectile, through which the person aiming looks at the intended target.

sight /saɪt/ v
apercevoir voir
(transitive) To see; to get sight of (something); to register visually.
viser
(transitive, intransitive) To observe or aim (at something) using a (gun) sight.

sight for sore eyes sights for sore eyes n
plaisir pour les yeux régal pour les yeux
(idiomatic) A pleasing sight; something that is beautiful to look at, particularly after a long period of deprivation.

sight read /ˈsaɪt ˌɹiːd/ /ˈsaɪt ˌɹɛd/ v
jouer à vue
(music) To perform a musical piece while reading it for the first time, without rehearsal.

sight sing /ˈsaɪt ˌsɪŋ/ v
chanter à vue
(music) To sing a musical piece while reading it for the first time, without rehearsal.

sight translation sight translations n
traduction à vue
(translation studies) The act of translating a written text out loud.

sight unseen adj
les yeux fermés
(idiomatic) Not having seen the object beforehand.

sight-translate v
traduire à vue
(translation studies) To translate a written document out loud.

sighthound sighthounds n
lévrier chien d'arrêt

sightseeing sightseeings n
tourisme
The activity of going out looking at things; tourism.

sigil /ˈsɪd͡ʒəl/ /ˈsɪd͡ʒɪl/ sigils n
sceau
A seal, signature or signet.

sigillography n
sigillographie
The study of seals, especially those attached to documents.

sigma /ˈsɪɡmə/ sigmas sigmata n
sigma
The eighteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek alphabets, the twentieth letter of Old and Ancient.

sigmoid /ˈsɪɡ.mɔɪd/ adj
sigmoïde

sigmoid colon sigmoid colons n
côlon sigmoïde
(anatomy) The S-shaped section of the large intestine between the descending colon and the rectum.

sign /saɪn/ signs n
signe indication
(sometimes, also used uncountably) A fact that shows that something exists or may happen.
symbole signe
A mark or another symbol used to represent something.
A semantic unit, something that conveys meaning or information (e.g. a word of written language); (linguistics, semiotics) a unit consisting of a signifier and a signified concept. (See sign (semiotics).)
panneau signe marqueur
A clearly visible object, generally flat, bearing a short message in words or pictures.
signe
(mathematics) Positive or negative polarity, as denoted by the + or - sign.
A specific gesture or motion used to communicate by those with speaking or hearing difficulties; now specifically, a linguistic unit in sign language equivalent to word in spoken languages.
langue des signes
(uncountable) Sign language in general.
signe présage
An omen.

sign /saɪn/ v
faire signer
(intransitive) To finalise a contractual agreement to work for a given sports team, record label etc. [from 19th c.]
signer
(transitive) To validate or ratify (a document) by writing one's signature on it. [from 15th c.]
(intransitive) To write one's signature. [from 17th c.]
(transitive) More generally, to write one's signature on (something) as a means of identification etc. [from 15th c.]
(transitive) To bless (someone or something) with the sign of the cross; to mark with the sign of the cross. [from 14th c.]
faire signe
(transitive) To communicate using gestures to (someone). [from 16th c.]

sign in v
inscrire émarger
(idiomatic) To sign one's name on a list when entering a place, to indicate one's arrival.

sign language sign languages n
langue des signes langage des signes
(uncountable) Sign languages (sense 1) considered collectively.

sign of life signs of life n
signe de vie
An indication that someone is alive; vital sign.
(figuratively) An indication that someone is present.

sign of the cross signs of the cross n
signe de croix
(Christianity) A gesture of the hand moving over the front of one's body in the shape of a cross made as part of ritual or to invoke divine protection.

sign one's death warrant v
signer son arrêt de mort
To make a decision that dooms one to certain death.

sign up v
inscrire
(transitive) To add a name to the list of people who are participating in something.
s'inscrire
(intransitive) To add one's own name to the list of people who are participating in something (including amateur, but not professional, teams)
s'abonner
(intransitive) To agree to purchase some good or service.

signage /ˈsaɪnɪd͡ʒ/ signages n
fléchage signalisation
(uncountable) Signs, particularly those imparting commercial, directional, or road traffic information, taken collectively.

signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ signals n
signal
A sign made to give notice of some occurrence, command, or danger, or to indicate the start of a concerted action.
An on-off light, semaphore, or other device used to give an indication to another person.
(of a radio, TV, telephone, internet, etc.) An electromagnetic action, normally a voltage that is a function of time, that conveys the information of the radio or TV program or of communication with another party.
(computing, Unix) A simple interprocess communication used to notify a process or thread of an occurrence.

signal /ˈsɪɡnəl/ v
signaler
(ambitransitive) To indicate; to convey or communicate by a signal.

signal box signal boxes n
cabine de signalisation
A building, typically adjacent to or spanning a railway line, from where signals, points and (sometimes) level crossings are controlled.

signal crayfish signal crayfish signal crayfishes n
écrevisse signal
An American crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus, having a large claw that it waves to attract a mate.

signatory /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tɔː.ɹi/ /ˈsɪɡ.nə.tɹi/ signatories n
signataire
One who signs or has signed something.

signature /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnət͡ʃɚ/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪɡnɪt͡ʃɚ/ signatures n
signature
A person's name, written by that person, used as identification or to signify approval of accompanying material, such as a legal contract.
An act of signing one's name; an act of producing a signature.
(computing) A pattern used for matching the identity of a virus, the parameter types of a method, etc.
(cryptography) Data attached to a message that guarantees that the message originated from its claimed source.
(mathematics) A tuple specifying the sign of coefficients in any diagonal form of a quadratic form.
cahier
(printing) A group of four (or a multiple of four) sheets printed such that, when folded, they become a section of a book.

signature song signature songs n
chanson phare
(music, usually, in the singular) A song in which its artist or band is best associated with or known for.

signboard signboards n
enseigne panneau
(US) A board carrying a sign, or on which signs may be posted.

signed /saɪnd/ adj
signé
(mathematics, computer science) Having both positive and negative varieties.

signet ring signet rings n
chevalière
A finger ring bearing a signet, seal or coat of arms.

significance /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/ significances n
importance signification
The extent to which something matters; importance
signification
Meaning.

significant /sɪɡˈnɪf.ə.kənt/ /sɪɡˈnɪf.ə.ɡənt/ /sɪɡˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/ more significant most significant adj
significatif
Having a noticeable or major effect.
(statistics) Having a low probability of occurring by chance (for example, having high correlation and thus likely to be related).

significant figure significant figures n
chiffre significatif
(mathematics) A digit that is meaningful with respect to the precision of a measurement: in other words a digit that is non-zero, followed by a non-zero digit, or (for trailing zeroes) justified by the precision of the derivation or measurement.

significant other significant others n
compagnon partenaire compagne moitié
One's exclusive romantic partner.

significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ more significantly most significantly adv
considérablement
In a significant manner or to a significant extent.

significator /sɪɡˈnɪfɪˌkeɪtə(ɹ)/ significators n
significateur
(astrology) A planet that is supposed to rule something.

signified signifieds n
signifié
(linguistics, philosophy) The concept, object or person that is referred to by a sign or signifier.

signifier /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪə/ /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪɚ/ signifiers n
signifiant
(linguistics, philosophy) A sign, such as a written or spoken word, which refers to some concept, object or person, the signified.

signify /ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/ v
signifier
To give (something) a meaning or an importance.
To mean; to betoken.

signpost signposts n
poteau indicateur
A post bearing a sign that gives information on directions.

silage /ˈsaɪlɪd͡ʒ/ silages n
silage
Fermented green forage fodder stored in an airtight silo or clamp.

silcrow silcrows n
paragraphe
The section sign, or §.

silence /ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈsaɪləns/ silences n
silence
The absence of any sound.
The act of refraining from speaking.

silence is consent proverb
qui ne dit mot consent
A lack of response to an action is a tacit approval of that action.

silence is golden proverb
le silence est d'or
Peace and quiet have great value.
Often the best choice is to say nothing.

silencer silencers n
silencieux
An attachment to a gun or an exhaust pipe that reduces the sound it emits

silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ more silent most silent silenter silentest adj
silencieux se taire
Free from sound or noise; absolutely still; perfectly quiet.
silencieux muet
Not speaking; indisposed to talk; speechless; mute; taciturn; not loquacious; not talkative.
muet
(pronunciation) Not pronounced; having no sound; quiescent.
silencieux
(genetics) Not implying significant modifications which would affect a peptide sequence.
Undiagnosed or undetected because of an absence of symptoms.

silent as the grave adj
muet comme un poisson muet comme une carpe muet comme une tombe
(idiomatic, simile) Saying absolutely nothing (especially about a particular subject).

silent film silent films n
film muet
(cinematography, retronym) A film with no synchronized recorded sound, especially spoken dialogue.

silent mode silent modes n
mode silencieux silencieux

silently /ˈsaɪləntli/ more silently most silently adv
silencieusement
In a silent manner; making no noise.

silhouette /ˌsɪ.luːˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.ləˈwɛt/ /ˌsɪ.lʊˈwɛt/ silhouettes n
silhouette
An illustrated outline filled in with a solid color(s), usually only black, and intended to represent the shape of an object without revealing any other visual details; a similar appearance produced when the object being viewed is situated in relative darkness with brighter lighting behind it; a profile portrait in black, such as a shadow appears to be. [mid 19th c.]

silica /ˈsɪl.ɪ.kə/ silicas n
silice
Silicon dioxide.

silicate /ˈsɪlɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪlɪkət/ /ˈsɪlɪkɪt/ silicates n
silicate
(inorganic chemistry) Any salt of silica or of one of the silicic acids; any mineral composed of silicates

silicene silicenes n
silicène

siliceous more siliceous most siliceous adj
siliceux
(chemistry) Of, relating to, consisting of, or resembling silica or silicates.

silicic adj
silicique
of, related to, or derived from silica

silicon /ˈsɪləkɑn/ /ˈsɪlɪkən/ silicons n
silicium
(chemistry, uncountable) A nonmetallic element (symbol Si) with an atomic number of 14 and atomic weight of 28.0855.

silicon dioxide n
bioxyde de silicium
(chemistry) A hard glassy mineral, SiO₂, occurring as quartz, sand, opal etc. Informally known as silica.

silicone /ˈsɪlɪkəʊn/ silicones n
silicone
(chemistry) Any of a class of inert, semi-inorganic polymeric compounds (polysiloxanes), that have a wide range of thermal stability and extreme water repellence, used in a very wide range of industrial applications, and in prosthetic replacements for body parts.

silicosis silicoses n
silicose
(disease) A disease of the lungs caused by the inhalation of crystalline silica dust. [from late 19th c.]

silique /ˈsɪlɪk/ siliques n
silique
(botany) A long dry fruit (seed capsule), length more than twice the width, typical to cruciferous plants and consisting of two fused carpels that separate when ripe.

silk /sɪlk/ silks n
soie
(mostly, uncountable) A fine fiber excreted by the silkworm or other arthropod (such as a spider).
A fine, soft cloth woven from silk fibers.
Anything which resembles silk, such as the filiform styles of the female flower of maize, or the seed covering of bombaxes.
The gown worn by a Senior (i.e. Queen's/King's) Counsel.
(colloquial) A Queen's Counsel, King's Counsel or Senior Counsel.
(circus arts, in the plural) A pair of long silk sheets suspended in the air on which a performer performs tricks.
(horse racing, usually, in the plural) The garments worn by a jockey displaying the colors of the horse's owner.

silken /ˈsɪlkən/ adj
soyeux
Having a smooth, soft, or light texture, like that of silk; suggestive of silk.

silkworm /ˈsɪlkwɜːm/ silkworms n
ver à soie magnan
Any of various caterpillars of moths that produce silk cocoons, especially Bombyx mori, the source of most commercial silk.

silky /ˈsɪlki/ silkier silkiest adj
soyeux
Similar in appearance or texture (especially in softness and smoothness) to silk.

silky anteater silky anteaters n
myrmidon
A species of anteater (Cyclopes didactylus, formerly Myrmecophaga didactyla).

sill /sɪl/ sills n
rebord
(architecture, also "window sill") A breast wall; window breast; horizontal brink which forms the base of a window.
linteau
(construction) A threshold; horizontal structural member of a building near ground level on a foundation or pilings, or lying on the ground, and bearing the upright portion of a frame; a sill plate.

sillimanite sillimanites n
sillimanite
(mineral) A fibrous neosilicate mineral, polymorphic with andalusite and kyanite, with the chemical formula Al2SiO5.

silliness /-nəs/ /ˈsɪlinɪs/ sillinesses n
bêtise stupidité
(uncountable) That which is perceived as silly or frivolous.

silly /ˈsɪli/ sillier silliest adj
sot bête fou idiot insensé stupide
Laughable or amusing through foolishness or a foolish appearance.
abruti
Good; pious.
bébête idiot nunuche
(now, chiefly, Scottish, and, northern England, rare) Pitiful, inspiring compassion, particularly:
(now, rural, _, UK, rare) Simple, plain, particularly:
idiot de imbécile de
Mentally simple, foolish, particularly:
sot branque bête fou givré idiot
(cricket, of a fielding position) Very close to the batsman, facing the bowler; closer than short.

silly goose silly geese n
bêta
(informal) A silly person; a simpleton.

silo /ˈsaɪloʊ/ /ˈsaɪləʊ/ silos n
silo
(agriculture) A vertical building, usually cylindrical, used for the production of silage.
(agriculture) From the shape, a building used for the storage of grain.
(military) An underground bunker used to hold missiles which may be launched.

silovik /ˈsiːləvɪk/ /ˈsɪləvɪk/ siloviki siloviks n
silovik
(politics) A member of the Russian military, police, or intelligence services (chiefly the KGB or, later, the FSB), or a politician with a background in such services.

silt /sɪlt/ silts n
limon vase silt
(uncountable) Mud or fine earth deposited from running or standing water.

silt /sɪlt/ v
envaser
(transitive) To clog or fill with silt.
(intransitive) To become clogged with silt.

silt up v
envaser
(intransitive) To become filled or clogged with silt.

silty siltier siltiest adj
limoneux
Having a noticeable amount of silt.

silurid silurids n
siluridé
Any catfish of the Siluridae family.

silver /ˈsɪl.və/ /ˈsɪl.vɚ/ more silver most silver adj
en argent
Made from silver.
argenté
Having a color like silver: a shiny gray.

silver /ˈsɪl.və/ /ˈsɪl.vɚ/ silvers n
argent
(collectively) Coins made from silver or any similar white metal.
(collectively) Any items made from silver or any other white metal.
(uncountable) A shiny gray color.
argenterie
(collectively) Cutlery and other eating utensils, whether silver or made from some other white metal.

silver age silver ages n
âge d'argent
(historical) A historical period of great accomplishment in a field or a society, usually following, and not quite as favorable as, a golden age, and not unfavorable as an iron age.

silver anniversary silver anniversaries n
noces d'argent
The 25th anniversary of some event, particularly a wedding.

silver birch silver birches n
bouleau blanc
A European deciduous tree, Betula pendula, characterised by white peeling bark and drooping branches.

silver bullet silver bullets n
balle d'argent
(literally, folklore) A bullet made of silver, usually with reference to the folkloric belief that such bullets are the only weapons which can kill a werewolf, vampire, or other monster.
panacée solution miracle
(figurative) Any straightforward solution perceived to have great effectiveness or bring miraculous results.

silver fir silver firs n
sapin pectiné
A European silver fir (Abies alba), native to Europe.

silver fox silver foxes n
renard argenté
A melanistic red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with silver to black fur.

silver goal silver goals n
but en argent
(soccer) the first goal scored during the first half of extra time; giving victory to the scoring side if this rule is in effect

silver medal silver medals n
médaille d'argent
A medal made of, or having the colour of, silver, given as a prize for finishing in second place

silver medalist silver medalists n
médaillé d'argent médaillée d'argent
Someone who has received a silver medal

silver screen silver screens n
grand écran septième art
(idiomatic) By extension, movies, or that which is related to movies or cinema.

silver-tongued more silver-tongued most silver-tongued adj
beau parleur
(idiomatic) Articulate, charming, eloquent.

silverback silverbacks n
dos argenté
(mammalogy) A mature male gorilla, so named from the silver streaking on its back.

silverfish silverfish silverfishes n
poisson d'argent
A small wingless insect of species Lepisma saccharinum, with silvery scales; a type of bristletail.

silversmith silversmiths n
chaudronnier d'argent chaudronnière d'argent
A person who makes articles out of silver usually larger than jewellery.

silverware /ˈsɪlvə(ɹ)ˌwɛə(ɹ)/ silverwares n
argenterie couverts
(US, Atlantic Canada) Knives, forks and spoons.

silvery /ˈsɪlvəɹi/ /ˈsɪlvɹi/ silverier silveriest adj
argenté
Resembling silver in color, shiny white.
argentin
Having the clear, musical tone of silver; soft and clear in sound.

silvery gibbon silvery gibbons n
gibbon cendré

silvery-cheeked antshrike silvery-cheeked antshrikes n
batara à joues argent
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Sakesphorus cristatus, Thamnophilus cristatus

silvicultural adj
sylvicole

silviculture silvicultures n
sylviculture
The care and development of forests in order to obtain a product or provide a benefit; forestry.

simethicone n
siméthicone siméticone
An oral antifoaming agent, a mixture of polydimethylsiloxane and silica gel, used to treat stomach pain caused by excess gas.

simian /ˈsɪm.i.ən/ more simian most simian adj
simien
Of or pertaining to apes and monkeys.

similar /ˈsɪmələ/ /ˈsɪməlɚ/ more similar most similar adj
semblable similaire
Having traits or characteristics in common; alike, comparable.

similarity /ˌsɪm.əˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.əˈlɛɹ.ti/ /ˌsɪm.əˈlɛɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɪm.ɪˈlæɹ.ɪ.ti/ [ˌsɪm.əˈlæɹ.ə.ɾi] similarities n
similitude similarité
Closeness of appearance to something else.

similarly /ˈsɪmələli/ /ˈsɪməlɚli/ more similarly most similarly adv
pareillement semblablement similairement
(manner) In a like style or manner.

simile /ˈsɪməli/ similes similia n
comparaison
A figure of speech in which one thing is explicitly compared to another, using e.g. like or as.

similitude /sɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/ /sɪˈmɪlɪtuːd/ similitudes n
similitude conformité ressemblance
(uncountable) Similarity or resemblance to something else.

simmer /ˈsɪmə/ /ˈsɪmɚ/ v
mijoter bouillotter faire mijoter
(transitive) To cause to cook or to cause to undergo heating slowly at or below the boiling point.

simoniac adj
simoniaque
Practising simony

simoniac simoniacs n
simoniaque
One who carries on or is guilty of simony.

simony /ˈsaɪ.mə.ni/ /ˈsɪ.mə.ni/ simonies n
simonie
The buying or selling of spiritual or sacred things, such as ecclesiastical offices, pardons, or consecrated objects.

simoom /sɪˈmuːm/ simooms n
simoun
A hot, dry, suffocating, dust-laden wind of the desert, particularly of Arabia, Syria, and neighboring countries, generated by the extreme heat of the parched deserts or sandy plains.

simper /ˈsɪmpə/ /ˈsɪmpɚ/ simpers n
affecté minauderie sourire
A foolish, frivolous, self-conscious, or affected smile; a smirk.

simper /ˈsɪmpə/ /ˈsɪmpɚ/ v
minauder
(intransitive) To smile in a foolish, frivolous, self-conscious, coy, obsequious, or smug manner.

simple /ˈsɪmpəl/ [ˈsɪmpl̩] more simple most simple simpler simplest adj
simple
(now, colloquial, euphemism) Feeble-minded; foolish.
(heading, technical) Structurally uncomplicated.

simple /ˈsɪmpəl/ [ˈsɪmpl̩] simples n
simple
(pharmaceutical drug) A herbal preparation made from one plant, as opposed to something made from more than one plant.

simple future simple futures n
futur simple
(grammar) The future tense.

simple interest n
intérêts simples
(finance) interest paid only on the principal.

simple machine simple machines n
machine simple
(physics, engineering) A device that only requires the application of a single force to work.

simple past simple pasts n
imparfait passé passé simple
(grammar) A tense used to describe something that happened in the past, formed by the inflection of a single word, without any auxiliary verb such as be or have.

simple pendulum simple pendulums n
pendule simple

simple present simple presents n
indicatif présent présent
(grammar) The present tense; a verb or sentence in this tense.

simple ring simple rings n
anneau simple
(algebra, ring theory) A ring that contains no nontrivial ideals (i.e., no (two-sided) ideals other than the zero ideal and the ring itself).

simple sentence simple sentences n
phrase simple
(grammar) A sentence that contains one independent clause and no dependent clause.

simple-minded more simple-minded most simple-minded adj
simple d'esprit simplet
Lacking mental capacity; feeble-minded.

simpleton /ˈsɪmpəltən/ simpletons n
nigaud simplet ingénu naïf niais
(pejorative) A simple-minded person lacking common sense.

simplex /ˈsɪmplɛks/ simplexes simplices simplicia n
simplexe
(geometry, algebraic, _, topology) An analogue in a space of arbitrary dimensionality of the triangle or tetrahedron; the convex hull of n+1 linearly independent points in n-dimensional space; in other words, the triangle, tetrahedron etc., generalized to an arbitrary number of dimensions.

simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsɪti/ simplicities n
simplicité
The quality or state of being not complex, or of consisting of few parts.
Lack of artificial ornament, pretentious style, or luxury; plainness
Lack of complication; efficiency.

simplification /ˌsɪm.plə.fəˈkeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪm.plə.fəˈkæɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪm.plɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ simplifications n
simplification
The act of simplifying or something that has been simplified.

simplify /ˈsɪmpləfaɪ/ /ˈsɪmplɪfaɪ/ v
simplifier
(transitive) To make simpler, either by reducing in complexity, reducing to component parts, or making easier to understand.

simplism simplisms n
simplisme
The trait of oversimplifying things by ignoring complexity and complications.

simplistic /sɪmˈplɪstɪk/ more simplistic most simplistic adj
simpliste
Overly simple.

simply /ˈsɪmpli/ more simply most simply adv
simplement
(manner) In a simple way or state; considered in or by itself; without addition; alone.

simulacrum /ˌsɪmjəˈleɪkɹə/ /ˌsɪmjəˈleɪkɹəm/ /ˌsɪmjʊəˈleɪkɹə/ /ˌsɪmjʊəˈleɪkɹəm/ simulacra simulacrums n
simulacre
A physical image or representation of a deity, person, or thing.

simulate /ˈsɪm.jə.lət/ /ˈsɪm.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈsɪm.jʊ.lɪt/ /ˈsɪm.jʊˌleɪt/ v
simuler imiter
To model, replicate, duplicate the behavior, appearance or properties of.

simulated adj
simulé
Invented in imitation of a particular thing or of a specific condition; artificial.

simulated annealing simulated annealings n
recuit simulé
A probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function, analogous to the metalworking process of annealing.

simulation /ˌsɪm.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/ simulations n
simulation
Something that simulates a system or environment in order to predict actual behaviour.
The process of simulating.
déguisement
Assuming an appearance which is feigned, or not true.
simulation comédie
(soccer) The act of falling over in order to be awarded a foul, when no foul has been committed.

simulator /ˈsɪmjʊˌleɪtə(ɹ)/ simulators n
simulateur
A machine or system that simulates an environment (such as an aircraft cockpit), often for training purposes.

simultaneity /ˌsaɪməltəˈniɪti/ /ˌsɪməltəˈniːɪti/ simultaneities n
simultanéité
The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneousness.

simultaneous /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/ /ˌsaɪ̯.məlˈteɪ̯.njəs/ /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ̯.ni.əs/ /ˌsɪm.əlˈteɪ̯.njəs/ adj
simultané
Happening at the same moment.

simultaneous interpreting n
interprétation simultanée
(translation studies) A type of oral translation from one language into another which is produced at the same time as a person is speaking.

simultaneously /ˌsaɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ /ˌsɪmlˈteɪnɪəsli/ adv
simultanément en même temps
Occurring at the same time.

simultaneousness n
simultanéité
The quality or state of being simultaneous; simultaneity.

sin /sɪn/ sins n
péché
(theology) A violation of God's will or religious law.
A misdeed or wrong.

sin /sɪn/ v
pécher
(intransitive, theology) To commit a sin.

sin bin sin bins n
banc
(sports) An area where players are temporarily confined while suspended from play following an infringement of the rules of the game.

since /sɪns/ adv
depuis
From a specified time in the past.

since /sɪns/ conjunction
depuis que depuis
From the time that.
puisque vu que étant donné que
Because.

since /sɪns/ preposition
depuis
From: referring to a period of time ending in the present and defining it by the point in time at which it started, or the period in which its starting point occurred.

since when adv
depuis quand
(colloquial, rhetorical question, sarcastic) From what time.

sincere /sɪnˈsɪə(ɹ)/ /sɪnˈsɪɹ/ more sincere most sincere sincerer sincerest adj
sincère
Meant truly or earnestly.

sincerely /sɪnˈsɪəli/ /sɪnˈsɪɹli/ more sincerely most sincerely adv
sincèrement
In a sincere or earnest manner; honestly.

sincerity /sɪnˈsɛɹəti/ sincerities n
sincérité
The quality or state of being sincere

sindonology n
sindonologie
The study of the Shroud of Turin from a believing perspective.

sine /saɪn/ sines n
sinus
(trigonometry, mathematics) In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side opposite an angle to the length of the hypotenuse.

sine qua non /ˌsaɪni kweɪ ˈnɑn/ /ˌsaɪnɪ kweɪ ˈnɒn/ /ˌsɪn(e)ɪ kwɑː ˈnɒn/ /ˌsɪn(e)ɪ kwɑː ˈnəʊn/ /ˌsɪni kwɑ ˈnoʊn/ /ˌsɪni kwɑ ˈnɑn/ sine qua nons sine quibus non n
condition sine qua non
An essential or indispensable element, condition, or ingredient.

sinecure /ˈsaɪ.nə.kjʊɹ/ /ˈsaɪ.nɪ.kjʊə/ /ˈsɪ.nɪ.kjʊə/ /ˈsɪn.ə.kjʊɹ/ sinecures n
sinécure planque
A position that requires no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.

sinful /ˈsɪnfəl/ more sinful most sinful adj
coupable peccamineux
Having sinned; guilty of sin.
Constituting a sin; morally or religiously wrong; wicked; evil

sing /si(ː)ŋ/ /sɪŋ/ v
chanter
(intransitive) To produce musical or harmonious sounds with one’s voice.
se mettre à table chanter
(intransitive, slang) To confess under interrogation.

sing the praises of v
chanter les louanges de se répandre en éloges sur vanter les mérites de
(idiomatic) to commend (someone or something’s) attributes to others

sing the same tune v
accorder ses violons
(figurative) To hold to the same opinion or understanding as another; to be in agreement on a matter.

singable more singable most singable adj
chantable
Capable of being sung.

singe /sɪnd͡ʒ/ v
roussir
(transitive) To burn slightly.

singer /ˈsɪŋə/ /ˈsɪŋɚ/ singers n
chanteur chanteuse
A person who sings, often professionally.

singer-songwriter singer-songwriters n
autrice-compositrice-interprète auteur-compositeur-interprète auteure-compositrice-interprète
A musician who both sings and composes, especially when recording or performing his or her own compositions.

singing /ˈsɪŋɪŋ/ singings n
chant
The act of using the voice to produce musical sounds; vocalizing.

singing voice singing voices n
voix chantée
A person's voice when singing.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ adj
seul
Not accompanied by anything else; one in number.
célibataire
Not married, and (in modern times) not dating or without a significant other.

single /ˈsɪŋɡl̩/ /ˈsɪŋɡəl/ singles n
célibataire single
(music) A 45 RPM vinyl record with one song on side A and one on side B.
One who is not married or does not have a romantic partner.
single simple
(music) A popular song released and sold (on any format) nominally on its own though usually having at least one extra track.
simple
(baseball) A hit in baseball where the batter advances to first base.

single combat single combats n
combat singulier
(historical) A duel between single representatives of opposing armies, with the outcome accepted as the battle's outcome.

single currency n
monnaie unique
(economics) The unified currency proposed for all EU states, in which it became the Euro.

single file adv
file indienne queue leu leu
In a line or queue one person wide.

single file single files n
file indienne

single market single markets n
marché intérieur marché unique
a trade bloc with some common product-regulation policies in which most trade barriers have been removed

single mother single mothers n
fille-mère mère célibataire
A woman raising a child on her own without a spouse or partner.

single out /ˌsɪŋɡl̩ ˈaʊt/ /ˌsɪŋɡəl ˈaʊt/ v
distinguer singulariser
(transitive) To select (someone or something) from a group and highlight them or treat them differently.

single room single rooms n
chambre simple
A room that has one single bed.

single transferable vote single transferable votes n
scrutin à vote unique transférable
A voting system where each voter lists the candidates in order of preference and there is provision to transfer the votes of the less popular candidates and a proportion of the votes of candidates who are elected with more than a certain quota.

single-click single-clicks n
seul-clic
(computing) The action of pushing the button on a mouse once in order to perform a different task that would be performed from a double-click or triple-click.

single-entry adj
en partie simple
(accounting) Describing a method of bookkeeping that relies on a one-sided accounting entry to maintain financial information, with each entry appearing only once on one side or other of the account.

single-minded more single-minded most single-minded adj
déterminé résolu
Intensely focused and concentrated on purpose, thinking of only one goal, undistractable.

single-word adj
univerbal
Consisting of a single word.

singlet /ˈsɪŋɡlɪt/ singlets n
maillot de corps débardeur marcel

singleton singletons n
singleton
(mathematics) A set with exactly one element.

singly even adj
simplement pair
(arithmetic) That leaves a remainder of 2 when divided by 4; divisible by 2 but not by 4.

singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more singular most singular adj
singulier
Being the only one of the kind; unique.
(grammar) Referring to only one thing or person.
(linear algebra, of matrix) Having no inverse.
(linear algebra, of transformation) Having the property that the matrix of coefficients of the new variables has a determinant equal to zero.

singular /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /ˈsɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ singulars n
singulier
(grammar) A form of a word that refers to only one person or thing.

singulare tantum singularia tantum n
singulare tantum
(grammar) A noun (in any specific sense) that has no plural form and is only used with singular verbs. Frequently for mass nouns.

singularity /ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlæɹətɪ/ singularities n
singularité
The state of being singular, distinct, peculiar, uncommon or unusual.
A point where a measured variable reaches unmeasurable or infinite value.
(physics) Ellipsis of gravitational singularity: a point or region in spacetime in which gravitational forces cause matter to have an infinite density; associated with black holes.
point
A point where all parallel lines meet.

singularization singularizations n
singularisation

singulative singulatives n
singulatif
(grammar) A singulative form or construction.

sinicization sinicizations n
sinisation
The act, action, or result of sinicizing.

sinister /ˈsɪnɪstə/ /ˈsɪnɪstɚ/ more sinister most sinister adj
sinistre
Inauspicious, ominous, unlucky, illegitimate (as in bar sinister).
Evil or seemingly evil; indicating lurking danger or harm.
sénestre
(heraldry) On the left side of a shield from the wearer's standpoint, and the right side to the viewer.

sink /sɪŋk/ /zɪŋk/ sinks n
évier lavabo
A basin used for holding water for washing.

sink /sɪŋk/ /zɪŋk/ v
couler s'enfoncer sombrer
(ergative) To descend or submerge (or to cause to do so) into a liquid or similar substance.
couler
(transitive, figurative) To cause to decline; to depress or degrade.

sink or swim v
marche ou crève
To fail or succeed, no matter what.

sinkable more sinkable most sinkable adj
submersible

sinker /ˈsɪŋkə(ɹ)/ sinkers n
plomb
(fishing) A weight used in fishing to cause the line or net to sink.

sinkhole sinkholes n
doline gouffre
(geology) A hole formed in soluble rock by the action of water, serving to conduct surface water to an underground passage.

sinking /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/ sinkings n
naufrage
the process by which something sinks, or is sunk.

sinner /ˈsɪnɚ/ sinners n
pécheur pécheresse
A person who sins or has sinned.

sinoatrial adj
sinu-atrial
(anatomy, medicine) Relating to the venous sinus and the right atrium of the heart.

sinoatrial node sinoatrial nodes n
nœud sinusal nœud sino-auriculaire nœud sinu-atrial
(anatomy) A group of cells located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat.

sinologist sinologists n
sinologue
A student or expert in sinology.

sintering sinterings n
frittage
A process in which the particles of a powder are welded together by pressure and heating to a temperature below its melting point.

sinuate v
sinuer
To advance in wavy or curvy manner, to bend, to curve, to wind in and out

sinuosity sinuosities n
sinuosité
The property of being sinuous.

sinuous /ˈsɪn.ju.əs/ more sinuous most sinuous adj
sinueux
Having curves in alternate directions; meandering.

sinus /ˈsaɪ.nəs/ sinuses n
sinus
(anatomy, zootomy) A pouch or cavity in a bone or other tissue, especially one in the bones of the face or skull connecting with the nasal cavities (the paranasal sinus).

sinusitis sinusitides sinusitises n
sinusite
(pathology) An inflammation of one or more paranasal sinuses.

sinusoid /ˈsaɪ.nə.sɔɪd/ /ˈsɑɪ.nə.soɪd/ sinusoids n
sinusoïde
(mathematics) A curve having the shape of a sine wave.

sinusoidal /saɪnəˈsɔɪdəl/ more sinusoidal most sinusoidal adj
sinusoïdal
(mathematics) Having the shape or characteristics of a sine wave.

sip /sɪp/ sips n
gorgée
A small mouthful of drink

sip /sɪp/ v
siroter
(transitive) To drink slowly, small mouthfuls at a time.

siphon /ˈsaɪfən/ siphons n
siphon
A bent pipe or tube with one end lower than the other, in which hydrostatic pressure exerted due to the force of gravity moves liquid from one reservoir to another.

siphon /ˈsaɪfən/ v
siphonner
(transitive) To transfer (liquid) by means of a siphon.
(transitive, figurative, often with "off") To steal or skim off money in small amounts; to embezzle.

siphonogamous adj
siphonogame

siphonogamy n
siphonogamie

sir /sə(ɹ)/ /ˈsə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈsɝ/ /ˈsɪɹ/ sirs n
seigneur
monsieur
A respectful term of address to an adult male (often older), especially if his name or proper title is unknown.

sire /saɪə(ɹ)/ v
saillir
(transitive, of a male) To father; to beget.

siren /ˈsaɪəɹən/ /ˈsaɪɹən/ sirenes sirens n
sirène
(Greek mythology) One of a group of nymphs who lured mariners to their death on the rocks.
One who sings sweetly and charms.
A dangerously seductive woman.
A device, either mechanical or electronic, that makes a piercingly loud sound as an alarm or signal, or the sound from such a device (first recorded 1879).

sirloin /ˈsɝlɔɪn/ sirloins n
aloyau contre-filet contrefilet faux-filet surlonge
(US) A cut of beef from the lower part of the back, where the last ribs are (called rump in UK English).
(UK) A cut of beef from the middle of the back (corresponding to short loin and partly rib in US English).

sirocco /sɪˈɹɒkoʊ/ /ʃɪˈɹɒkoʊ/ siroccos n
sirocco
A hot and often strong southerly to southeasterly wind on the Mediterranean that originates in the Sahara and adjacent North African regions.

sirtaki /sɚˈtɑki/ /sɜːˈtakɪ/ sirtakis n
sirtaki
A modern Greek folk dance, a mixture of the slow and fast versions of the hasapiko dance.

sirvente sirventes n
sirventès
(music, historical) A typically satirical song sung by the troubadours of Provence.

sis /sɪs/ sises sisses n
frangine sœurette
(informal)

sissify /ˈsɪ.səˌfaɪ/ v
efféminer émasculer
(transitive) To make sissy; to emasculate.

sissy /ˈsɪsi/ sissies n
chochotte fifi lopette
(pejorative, colloquial) An effeminate boy or man.
chochotte gonzesse poule mouillée
(pejorative, colloquial) A timid, unassertive or cowardly person.

sissyphobia n
efféminophobie
A prevailing negative reaction towards men who act in a feminine way.

sister /ˈsɪs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ/ sisters sistren n
sœur nonne bonne sœur religieuse
A female member of a religious order; especially one devoted to more active service; (informally) a nun.
infirmière sœur
(British) A senior or supervisory nurse, often in a hospital.
sœur
Any woman or girl with whom a bond is felt through the same biological sex, gender or common membership in a community, race, profession, religion, organization, or ism.
(attributively) An entity that has a special or affectionate, non-hierarchical relationship with another.

sister city sister cities n
ville jumelée
A foreign city with which a city has a declared relationship of cordiality.

sister language sister languages n
langue sœur

sister ship sister ships n
sister-ship navire-jumeau
(nautical) A ship built to the same design and dimensions as another or belongs to the same owners as another.

sister-in-law /ˈsɪs.tə.ɪn.lɔː/ /ˈsɪs.tɚ.ɪn.lɔ/ sister-in-laws sisters-in-law n
belle-sœur
The sister of one's spouse.
(less common) Co-sister-in-law: The wife of one's sibling-in-law.
The wife of the sibling of one's spouse.

sister-wife sister-wives n
sœur-épouse
A woman who is simultaneously sister and wife to her spouse.
In a polygamous marriage, a woman who is simultaneously the sister and co-wife of another.

sisterhood sisterhoods n
sororité
The quality of being sisterly; sisterly companionship; especially, the sense that women have of being in solidarity with one another.

sisterly /ˈsɪstəli/ more sisterly most sisterly adj
sororal sororel sœur
Of or characteristic of sisters.

sistrum /ˈsɪstɹəm/ sistra sistrums n
sistre
An ancient Egyptian musical instrument, to be shaken, consisting of a metal frame holding percussive metal beads.

sit /sɪt/ v
être assis être assise s'asseoir
(intransitive, copulative, of a person) To be in a position in which the upper body is upright and supported by the buttocks.
siéger
(government) To be a member of a deliberative body.

sit back v
se détendre
(idiomatic) To relax, to not exert oneself.

sit down v
asseoir
(intransitive) To assume a sitting position from a standing position.

sit on it v
s'enfiler ça se le mettre bien profond
(slang) shove it up your ass (up yours) or back off.

sit on one's hands v
rester les bras croisés
(idiomatic) To remain idle when action is needed, perhaps because of fear, ignorance, complacency, indecisiveness, or dislike of the person(s) or situation.

sit-in sit-ins n
sit-in
A peaceful form of protest in which people occupy an area and refuse to leave.

sit-up /ˈsɪt.ʌp/ sit-ups n
abdominaux abdos
An exercise in which the abdominal muscles are contracted, bringing the torso of a person lying down to a more upright position.

sitar sitars n
sitar
(musical instruments) A Hindustani/Indian classical stringed instrument, typically having a gourd as its resonating chamber.

sitcom /ˈsɪtˌkɒm/ sitcoms n
comédie de situation sitcom
Situation comedy.

site /saɪt/ sites n
emplacement site
The place where anything is fixed; situation; local position
site
A place fitted or chosen for any certain permanent use or occupation
A website.
Region of a protein, a piece of DNA or RNA where chemical reactions take place.

sitting duck sitting ducks n
cible facile
(idiomatic) An obvious or unconcealed target.

situate /ˈsɪt.ju.eɪt/ /ˈsɪt.ju.ət/ /ˈsɪt͡ʃ.u.eɪt/ /ˈsɪt͡ʃ.u.ət/ v
situer
(transitive) To place on or into a physical location.

situated /ˈsɪt͡ʃueɪtɪd/ adj
situé
Located in a specific place.

situation /ˌsɪ.t͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsɪt.juːˈeɪ.ʃən/ situations n
situation
The combination of circumstances at a given moment; a state of affairs.
The way in which something is positioned vis-à-vis its surroundings.
situation lieu localisation
Position or status with regard to conditions and circumstances.
emploi poste
(UK) A position of employment; a post.

situation comedy situation comedies n
comédie de situation comique de situation
An episodic comedy radio or television program with a plot or storyline based around a particular humorous situation with the same set of characters.

situational /sɪtjuːˈeɪʃənəl/ /sɪt͡ʃuˈ(w)eɪʃənəl/ more situational most situational adj
situationnel
Of or pertaining to a particular situation or situations in general.

six /sɪks/ sixes n
six
The digit or figure 6.

six /sɪks/ numeral
six
A numerical value equal to 6; the number following five and preceding seven. This many dots: (••••••).

six feet under adj
six pieds sous terre

six hundred /ˈsɪks ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈsɪks ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
six cents
The cardinal number occurring after five hundred ninety-nine and before six hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 600.

six o'clock n
six heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the seventh hour of the day; 6:00 a.m. (06:00).

six of one, half a dozen of the other proverb
bonnet blanc, blanc bonnet chou vert et vert chou c’est du pareil au même kif-kif quatre trente sous pour une piastre
(idiomatic) The two alternatives are equivalent or indifferent; it doesn't matter which one we choose.

six perfections n
six perfections
In Mahayana Buddhism, the six virtues which the bodhisattva must practice in their avowed pursuit of bringing all beings to enlightenment through bodhicitta; they are dana (munificence), sila (ethicality), ksanti (patience), virya (determination), dhyana (meditation), and prajna (wisdom).

six-pack six-packs n
pack de six
A collection of six of something bundled together, especially six cans.
tablettes de chocolat tablette de chocolat
(bodybuilding) A highly developed set of abdominal muscles.

sixteen /ˈsɪks.tiːn/ /ˌsɪksˈtiːn/ numeral
seize
The cardinal number occurring after fifteen and before seventeen, represented in Arabic numerals as 16 and in Roman numerals as XVI.

sixteen hundred numeral
seize cents seize-cents
The number one thousand six hundred.
The year 1600.

sixteenth /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ adj
seizième
The ordinal form of the number sixteen.

sixteenth /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ sixteenths n
seizième
One of sixteen equal parts of a whole.

sixteenth rest sixteenth rests n
quart de soupir

sixth /sɪk(s)θ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪk(s)θ] adj
sixième
The ordinal form of the number six.

sixth /sɪk(s)θ/ [sɪk(s)t̪] [sɪk(s)θ] sixths n
sixième
(not used in the plural) The person or thing in the sixth position.
One of six equal parts of a whole.

sixth form sixth forms n
classes de première et terminale
(education) In England, the final two years of secondary school, during which students are about sixteen to eighteen years of age.

sixth sense sixth senses n
sixième sens
Extrasensory perception; the ability to sense things by means other than the known bodily senses.

sixthly adv
sixièmement
In the sixth place; sixth in a row.

sixties n
années 60 années soixante
(The decade of the 1860s, 1960s, etc.)

sixtieth /ˈsɪksti.əθ/ adj
soixantième
The ordinal form of the number sixty.

sixtieth /ˈsɪksti.əθ/ sixtieths n
soixantième
The person or thing in the sixtieth position.
One of sixty equal parts of a whole.

sixty /ˈsɪksti/ /ˈsɪkstɪ/ numeral
soixante
The cardinal number occurring after fifty-nine and before sixty-one, represented in Roman numerals as LX and in Arabic numerals as 60.

sixty-eight numeral
soixante-huit
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-seven and preceding sixty-nine.

sixty-eighter sixty-eighters n
soixante-huitard
A participant in any of the mass social movements of 1968.

sixty-eighth adj
soixante-huitième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 68 of a sequence.

sixty-fifth adj
soixante-cinquième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-five, describing a person or thing in position number 65 of a sequence.

sixty-first adj
soixante-et-unième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-one, describing a person or thing in position number 61 of a sequence.

sixty-five numeral
soixante-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-four and preceding sixty-six.

sixty-four numeral
soixante-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-three and preceding sixty-five.

sixty-fourth adj
soixante-quatrième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-four, describing a person or thing in position number 64 of a sequence.

sixty-nine /ˌsɪkstiˈnaɪn/ sixty-nines n
soixante-neuf
(sexuality) A sex position where two people give each other oral sex at the same time.

sixty-nine /ˌsɪkstiˈnaɪn/ numeral
soixante-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-eight and preceding seventy.

sixty-ninth adj
soixante-neuvième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-nine, describing a person or thing in position number 69 of a sequence.

sixty-one numeral
soixante-et-un
The cardinal number immediately following sixty and preceding sixty-two.

sixty-second adj
soixante-deuxième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-two, describing a person or thing in position number 62 of a sequence.

sixty-seven numeral
soixante-sept
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-six and preceding sixty-eight.

sixty-seventh adj
soixante-septième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-seven, describing a person or thing in position number 67 of a sequence.

sixty-six numeral
soixante-six
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-five and preceding sixty-seven.

sixty-sixth adj
soixante-sixième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-six, describing a person or thing in position number 66 of a sequence.

sixty-third adj
soixante-troisième
The ordinal form of the number sixty-three, describing a person or thing in position number 63 of a sequence.

sixty-three numeral
soixante-trois
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-two and preceding sixty-four.

sixty-two numeral
soixante-deux
The cardinal number immediately following sixty-one and preceding sixty-three.

sixtysomething sixtysomethings n
sexagénaire soixantenaire
(colloquial) A person between 60 and 69 years old.

sizable /ˈsaɪzəbəl/ more sizable most sizable adj
ample large étendu
Fairly large.

size /saɪz/ sizes n
grandeur
taille grandeur
The dimensions or magnitude of a thing; how big something is. [from 15th c.]
taille
A specific set of dimensions for a manufactured article, especially clothing. [from 16th c.]

size /saɪz/ v
dimensionner
(transitive) To adjust the size of; to make a certain size.
(military) To take the height of men, in order to place them in the ranks according to their stature.

sizzle /ˈsɪzəl/ sizzles n
grésillement
(countable) The sound of water boiling on a hot surface.
grésiller
(uncountable) Zing, zip, or pizazz; excitement.

sizzle /ˈsɪzəl/ v
grésiller
(intransitive) To make the sound of water boiling on a hot surface.

ska /skɑː/ n
ska
(music genre) A style of Jamaican dance music originating in the late 1950s, combining elements of Caribbean calypso and mento with American jazz and rhythm and blues; it was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.

skandha skandhas n
skandha
(Buddhism) Any of the five attributes that constitute the sentient being; aggregate

skate /skeɪt/ skates n
patin patinage
The act of roller skating or ice skating

skate /skeɪt/ v
patiner glisser
To move along a surface (ice or ground) using skates.

skateboard skateboards n
skateboard planche à roulettes skate
(sports, recreation) A narrow, wooden or plastic platform mounted on pairs of wheels, on which one stands and propels oneself by pushing along the ground with one foot.

skateboard v
faire du skate skater
(intransitive) To use a skateboard.

skateboarder skateboarders n
planchiste
A person who rides a skateboard.

skateboarding n
planche à roulettes
the act of riding on a skateboard

skatepark skateparks n
skatepark
A recreational area designed for skateboarders.

skater /ˈskeɪ.tə(ɹ)/ skaters n
patineur patineuse skateur skateuse
A person who skates.

skating /ˈskeɪtɪŋ/ skatings n
patinage glisse
The action of moving along a surface (ice or ground) using skates.

skating rink skating rinks n
patinoire
A roller-skating rink; the building that houses such a surface.

skedaddle /skɪˈdædəl/ v
déguerpir
(informal, intransitive, US) To move or run away quickly.

skee ball n
Skee-Ball
An early arcade redemption game in which balls are rolled up an inclined lane, aimed at holes of various point values.

skeet /skiːt/ skeets n
ball-trap
(uncountable) A form of trapshooting using clay targets to simulate birds in flight.

skeg /skɛɡ/ skegs n
aileron skeg
(nautical) A fin-like structure to the rear of the keel of a vessel that supports the rudder and protects a propeller.

skein /skeɪn/ skeins n
écheveau
A quantity of yarn, thread, etc. put up together in an oblong shape, after it is taken from the reel. A skein of cotton yarn is formed by eighty turns of the thread around a fifty-four inch reel.
membrane des oeufs
(zoology) The membrane of a fish ovary.
vol
(zoology, UK, dialect, collective) A group of wild fowl (e.g. geese, goslings) when they are in flight.

skeletal /skə.ˈliː.təl/ /ˈskel.ə.təl/ /ˈskɛl.ə.təl/ /ˈskɛl.ɪ.təl/ [skə.ˈliː.tl̩] [ˈskel.ə.ɾəl] [ˈskə.ˈliː.ɾəl] [ˈskɛl.ə.ɾl̩] [ˈskɛl.ə.ɾəl] [ˈskɛl.ɪ.tl̩] more skeletal most skeletal adj
squelettique
of, or relating to the skeleton
haggard, cadaverous, emaciated or gaunt

skeletal muscle skeletal muscles n
muscle squelettique
(muscle) The voluntary muscle of vertebrates, which is striated and anchored by tendons to bone and is used to effect skeletal movement such as locomotion.

skeleton /ˈskɛlətən/ /ˈskɛləʔ.n̩/ skeleta skeletons n
squelette
(anatomy) The system that provides support to an organism, internal and made up of bones and cartilage in vertebrates, external in some other animals.
(figuratively) A very thin person.
(architecture) A frame that provides support to a building or other construction.
squelette cœur moelle
(figuratively) The central core of something that gives shape to the entire structure.

skeleton in the cupboard skeletons in the cupboard n
squelette dans le placard cadavre dans le placard
(UK, idiomatic) A shameful secret.

skeleton key skeleton keys n
passe-partout
A key that has parts filed away so that it will open a range of locks.

skeletoneer skeletoneers n
skeletoneur
Someone who competes in the skeleton event.

skeptic /ˈskɛp.tɪk/ skeptics n
sceptique
Someone who doubts beliefs, claims, plans, etc that are accepted by others as true or appropriate, especially one who habitually does so.

skeptical /ˈskɛptɪkəl/ more skeptical most skeptical adj
sceptique dubitatif
Having, or expressing doubt; questioning.
sceptique
Of or relating to philosophical skepticism or the skeptics.

skepticism /ˈskɛp.tɪˌsɪ.zəm/ skepticisms n
scepticisme
A methodology that starts from a neutral standpoint and aims to acquire certainty through scientific or logical observation.
Doubt or disbelief of religious doctrines

sketch /skɛt͡ʃ/ sketches n
esquisse
A rapidly executed freehand drawing that is not intended as a finished work, often consisting of a multitude of overlapping lines.
A brief description of a person or account of an incident; a general presentation or outline.
ébauche esquisse
A rough design, plan, or draft, as a rough draft of a book.
sketch saynète
A brief, light, or unfinished dramatic, musical, or literary work or idea; especially a short, often humorous or satirical scene or play, frequently as part of a revue or variety show.

sketch /skɛt͡ʃ/ v
esquisser croquer
(ambitransitive) To make a brief, basic drawing.
croquer
(transitive) To describe briefly and with very few details.

sketchbook sketchbooks n
carnet de croquis
A book or pad with blank pages for sketching; a sketch pad.

sketchy /ˈskɛt͡ʃi/ sketchier sketchiest adj
incomplet partiel sommaire superficiel
Roughly or hastily laid out; intended for later refinement.
chelou glauque louche
(North America, slang) Of questionable or doubtful quality.

skeuomorphism skeuomorphisms n
skeuomorphisme
The incorporation of obsolete or skeuomorphic elements into a design, for familiarity or out of tradition, even though they no longer serve any functional purpose.

skew /skju/ /skjuː/ more skew most skew skewer skewest adj
oblique gauche
(not comparable) Neither parallel nor perpendicular to a certain line; askew.

skew /skju/ /skjuː/ v
fausser
incliner
(transitive) To form or shape in an oblique way; to cause to take an oblique position.
biaiser
(transitive) To bias or distort in a particular direction.
sursauter
(intransitive) To jump back or sideways in fear or surprise; to shy, as a horse.
loucher
(intransitive) To look at obliquely; to squint; hence, to look slightingly or suspiciously.

skewer /ˈskjuː.ə/ /ˈskjuː.ɚ/ skewers n
broche brochette
A long pin, normally made of metal or wood, used to secure food during cooking.
enfilade
(chess) A scenario in which a piece attacks a more valuable piece which, if it moves aside, reveals a less valuable piece.

skewer /ˈskjuː.ə/ /ˈskjuː.ɚ/ v
embrocher
To impale on a skewer.
enfilade
(chess) To attack a piece which has a less valuable piece behind it.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ skis n
ski
One of a pair of long flat runners designed for gliding over snow or water.

ski /skiː/ /ʃiː/ v
skier
(transitive) To travel over (a slope, etc.) on skis; to travel on skis at (a place), (especially as a sport).

ski ballet n
ballet à ski

ski jump ski jumps n
tremplin
(skiing) The ramp used in the sport of ski jumping

ski jumping n
saut à ski
A winter sport in which skiers ski down a take-off ramp and attempt to jump as far as possible.

ski lift ski lifts n
téléski tire-fesse remonte-pente remontée mécanique
A device that transports skiers up a mountain.

ski resort ski resorts n
station de ski
A resort providing accommodation and facilities for skiers.

ski run ski runs n
piste ski
(skiing) A trail or slope used for skiing

ski track ski tracks n
piste piste de ski
A trail left by a pair of skis, or one artificially created for the purpose of skiing on.

ski wax ski waxes n
fart
A material applied to the bottom of skis or snowboards, in order to improve their gliding and gripping properties.

skibidi /ˈskɪ.bə.di/ /ˈskɪ.bɪ.di/ more skibidi most skibidi adj
skibidi

skid /skɪd/ skids n
dérapage
An out-of-control sliding motion as would result from applying the brakes too hard in a car.

skid /skɪd/ v
déraper
(intransitive) To slide in an uncontrolled manner as in a car with the brakes applied too hard, the wheels sliding with limited spinning.

skid mark skid marks n
trace de freinage
marque
Any other mark or stain left on a surface from a sliding or rubbing object.
virgule
(colloquial) A mark of a soiled finger wiped on a surface.

skid row /ˌskɪd ˈɹoʊ/ /ˌskɪd ˈɹəʊ/ skid rows n
bidonville ghetto
(derogatory) An especially dilapidated section of a city, characterized by abandoned or run-down buildings and vices such as drug dealing and prostitution, and frequented by homeless people.

skidder /ˈskɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪdɚ/ [ˈskɪɾɚ] skidders n
débusqueur skidder
(engineering) a vehicle for pulling trees out of a forest.

skidding /ˈskɪdɪŋ/ skiddings n
dérapage
The motion of something that skids.
débardage
(forestry) The logging operation for pulling cut trees out of a forest.

skidmark skidmarks n
coup de patin trace de freinage trace de pneu

skier /ˈskiːə(ɹ)/ skiers n
skieur skieuse
One who skis.

skiff /skɪf/ skiffs n
barque esquif
Any of various types of boats small enough for sailing or rowing by one person.

skiing /ˈski.ɪŋ/ n
ski
(sports) A group of sports utilizing skis as primary equipment.

skijoring n
ski attelé

skill /skɪl/ skills n
compétence habileté capacité don
Capacity to do something well; technique, ability. Skills are usually acquired or learned, as opposed to abilities, which are often thought of as innate.

skilled /skɪld/ more skilled most skilled adj
habile
Having or showing skill; skillful.

skillful /ˈskɪl.fəl/ [ˈskɪɫ.fəɫ] more skillful most skillful adj
adroit habile
Possessing skill; skilled.

skim /skɪm/ v
dépasser doucement effleurer frôler raser
(transitive) To pass near the surface of; to brush the surface of; to glide swiftly along the surface of.
des faire ricochets
(transitive) To throw an object so it bounces on water.
ricocher
(intransitive) To ricochet.
feuilleter lire en diagonale
(transitive) To read quickly, skipping some detail.
écrémer
(transitive) To scrape off; to remove (something) from a surface

skim milk skim milks n
lait écrémé
(North America, Australia) Non-fat milk; milk that has had the cream removed.

skim through v
lire en diagonale survoler
to read something hurriedly without being attached to details

skimmer skimmers n
écumoire
A sieve-like, slotted spoon.
bec-en-ciseaux
Any of three species of bird in the genus Rynchops of the family Laridae, that feed by skimming the surface of water bodies with their bills in flight.

skimp /skɪmp/ v
lésiner
To make insufficient allowance for; to scant; to scrimp.

skin /skɪn/ skins n
peau
(uncountable) The outer protective layer of the body of any animal, including of a human.
(uncountable) The outer protective layer of the fruit of a plant.
(countable) The skin and fur of an individual animal used by humans for clothing, upholstery, etc.
(countable) A congealed layer on the surface of a liquid.
apparence
(countable, computing, graphical user interface) A set of resources that modifies the appearance and/or layout of the graphical user interface of a computer program.

skin /skɪn/ v
écorcher égratigner
(transitive) To injure the skin of.
dépouiller écorcher peler
(transitive) To remove the skin and/or fur of an animal or a human.
(transitive) To cover with skin, or as if with skin; hence, to cover superficially.

skin and bones n
n’avoir que la peau sur les os paquet d’os
A person or an animal that is emaciated or very thin, as from lack of nutrition.

skin cancer skin cancers n
cancer cutané cancer de la peau
(oncology, pathology) A malignant growth on the skin, such as melanoma.

skin color skin colors n
complexion couleur de la peau teint
(literally) The color of human skin.
couleur de la peau
(figuratively) One's ethnicity.

skin tag skin tags n
acrochordon

skinhead /ˈskɪnhɛd/ skinheads n
skinhead
A member of a subculture that arose among working-class youth in late 1960s England or its diaspora, defined by close-cropped or shaven heads and working-class clothing, and often incorrectly associated with violence and white-supremacist or anti-immigrant principles.

skink /skɪŋk/ skinks n
scinque
A lizard of the family Scincidae, having small or reduced limbs or none at all and long tails that are regenerated when shed; a sandfish.

skinner skinners n
écorcheur écorcheuse
Someone who skins animals.

skinny /ˈskɪni/ skinnier skinniest adj
maigre
(informal) Thin, generally in a negative sense (as opposed to slim, which is thin in a positive sense).

skinny /ˈskɪni/ skinnies n
maigre
(nonstandard) A skinny being.

skinny dip v
se baigner à poil
To swim naked.

skinny dipping /ˈskɪni ˈdɪpɪŋ/ n
baignade à poil bain de minuit
swimming in the nude, as opposed to with a swimsuit.

skinny jeans n
pantalon tube
A style of form-fitting jeans with very narrow, straight legs, which often taper inward at the ankles.

skintight adj
moulant serrant
Conforming tightly to the body, snug against the skin.

skip /skɪp/ skips n
benne

skip /skɪp/ v
sautiller
(intransitive) To move by hopping on alternate feet.
sauter
(transitive) To disregard, miss or omit part of a continuation (some item or stage).

skip-kennel skip-kennels n
saute-ruisseau
(obsolete) A young lackey or assistant; a footboy.

skipjack skipjack skipjacks n
bonite à ventre rayé
A skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)

skipjack tuna skipjack tuna skipjack tunas n
bonite à ventre rayé
A medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family, Katsuwonus pelamis.

skipper /ˈskɪp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪpɚ/ skippers n
skipper
(nautical) The master of a ship.
hespéridé
Any of various butterflies of the families Hesperiidae and its subfamily Megathyminae, having a hairy mothlike body, hooked tips on the antennae, and a darting flight pattern.

skipping rope skipping ropes n
corde à sauter
An item for play or physical exercise consisting of a length of rope with a handle attached to each end, intended to be swung over and under a person jumping in a continual rhythm.

skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ/ /ˈskɝmɪʃ/ skirmishes n
escarmouche échauffourée
(military) A brief battle between small groups, usually part of a longer or larger battle or war.
escarmouche
(figuratively, by extension) Any minor dispute.

skirmish /ˈskɜːmɪʃ/ /ˈskɝmɪʃ/ v
escarmoucher
To engage in a minor battle or dispute.

skirmisher skirmishers n
escarmoucheur
An infantry soldier used for skirmishing.

skirret skirrets n
chervis
An umbelliferous plant (Sium sisarum), cultivated for its sweet edible tuberous roots.

skirt /skɚt/ /skɜːt/ skirts n
jupe
An article of clothing, usually worn by women and girls, that hangs from the waist and covers the lower part of the body.
The part of a dress or robe, etc., that hangs below the waist.
(pejorative, slang) A woman.

skirt chaser skirt chasers n
coureur de jupons
(idiomatic) A man with amorous intentions who habitually seeks out female companionship.

skirt steak skirt steaks n
bifteck de hampe steak de hampe

skirting board skirting boards n
plinthe
(UK, AU, NZ, finish carpentry, interior decorating) A panel, normally made of wood, between the floor and the interior wall of a structure, or placed in a position that is subject to repeated knocks

skit skits n
sketch parodie
A short comic performance.

skitter /ˈskɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈskɪtɚ/ [ˈskɪɾɚ] v
s'enfuir
(intransitive) To move hurriedly or as by bouncing or twitching; to scamper, to scurry.

skittish /ˈskɪtɪʃ/ [ˈskɪɾɪʃ] more skittish most skittish adj
timide
Easily scared or startled; timid.

skua /ˈskjuːə/ skuas n
labbe
Any of various predatory seabirds of the family Stercorariidae that often chase other seabirds to steal their catches.

skulduggery /skʌlˈdʌɡəɹi/ /skʌlˈdʌɡɹi/ /ˌskəlˈdəɡ-/ /ˌskʌlˈdʌɡəɹi/ /ˌskʌlˈdʌɡɹi/ skulduggeries n
entourloupe
(countable) A devious device or trick.

skulk /skʌlk/ v
se cacher
To move in a stealthy or furtive way; to come or go while trying to avoid detection.

skull /skʌl/ skulls n
crâne
(anatomy) The main bones of the head considered as a unit; including the cranium, facial bones, and mandible.

skull and crossbones /-ˈkɹɑs-/ /ˌskʌl n̩ ˈkɹɒsbəʊnz/ /ˌskʌl n̩ ˈkɹɔsboʊnz/ skull and crossbones skulls and crossbones n
tête de mort
A depiction of a human skull and two crossed femurs (thighbones), a symbol of death traditionally used on the Jolly Roger pirate flag, but now as a warning of toxicity or other dangers.

skullcap /ˈskʌlkæp/ skullcaps n
calotte kippa
A small domed cap that covers the area from the forehead to just above the back of the neck.
calotte
A yarmulke-like hat worn as an element of ghetto fashion.
scutellaire
(botany) Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Scutellaria, in the Lamiaceae family.

skunk /skʌŋk/ skunks n
mouffette putois sconse
Any of various small mammals, of the family Mephitidae, native to North and Central America, having a glossy black with a white coat and two musk glands at the base of the tail for emitting a noxious smell as a defensive measure.
canaille mufle salaud
(slang, derogatory, dated) A despicable person.

sky /skaɪ/ skies n
ciel
The atmosphere above a given point, especially as visible from the surface of the Earth as the place where the sun, moon, stars, and clouds are seen.
With a descriptive word: the part of the sky which can be seen from a specific place or at a specific time; its climate, condition, etc.
(chiefly, literary, and, poetic, archaic) Usually preceded by the: the abode of God or the gods, angels, the souls of deceased people, etc.; heaven; also, powers emanating from heaven.

sky blue more sky blue most sky blue adj
bleu ciel
Of a vibrant light blue colour, like that of the sky on a fine day.

sky blue sky blues n
bleu ciel
A vibrant light blue colour, like that of the sky on a fine day.

sky burial sky burials n
inhumation céleste
A funeral practice in which a human corpse is placed atop a mountain or other outdoor structure to decompose or be eaten by scavenging animals.

sky lantern sky lanterns n
lanterne céleste
An ornament consisting of a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended.

skydiving n
parachutisme skydiving
The practice of performing acrobatic movements during the freefall phase of a parachute jump.

skyjack v
détourner un avion

skyjacker skyjackers n
pirate de l'air
A person who commits skyjacking, who skyjacks.

skylark /ˈskaɪ.lɑɹk/ /ˈskʌɪ.lɑːk/ skylarks n
alouette des champs
A small brown passerine bird, Alauda arvensis, that sings as it flies high into the air.

skylarking /ˈskʌɪlɑːkɪŋ/ skylarkings n
chahut
(originally, _, nautical) Playing around; frolicking; originally, running about the rigging of a vessel for fun; horseplay.

skylight /ˈskaɪˌlaɪt/ skylights n
lucarne fenêtre de toit verrière vélux
(architecture) A window, dome, or opening in the roof or ceiling, to admit natural light.

skyline /ˈskaɪˌlaɪn/ skylines n
horizon ligne d'horizon
The horizontal silhouette of a city or building against the sky.

skype /skaɪp/ v
skyper
(transitive, computing) To make (a telephone call) using Skype software.

skyrocket /ˈskaɪˌɹɒk.ɪt/ skyrockets n
fusée d'artifice
A type of firework that uses a solid rocket engine to rise quickly into the sky where it emits a variety of effects such as stars, bangs, crackles, etc.
Scud volée de bois vert
(by extension) A rebuke, a scolding.

skyrocket /ˈskaɪˌɹɒk.ɪt/ v
exploser grimper en flèche monter en flèche
(intransitive) To rise or increase suddenly and extremely; to shoot up; to surge or spike.

skyscraper /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈskaɪˌskɹeɪpɚ/ skyscrapers n
gratte-ciel
(architecture) A very tall building with a large number of floors.

skyward adj
céleste
Pointing or facing at or moving toward the sky.

slab /slæb/ slabs n
chape
A large, flat piece of solid material; a solid object that is large and flat.
dalle
A paving stone; a flagstone.

slack /slæk/ slacker slackest adj
lâche
(normally said of a rope) Lax; not tense; not firmly extended.

slack /slæk/ slacks n
gravier
(countable) A tidal marsh or shallow that periodically fills and drains.

slack /slæk/ v
glander
(obsolete) To mitigate; to reduce the strength of.

slack off v
atermoyer glander procrastiner tirer au flanc
(intransitive, informal) To be deliberately unproductive in one's work or study.
diminuer se calmer
(intransitive) To decrease in intensity; to ease off; to diminish; to die down.

slacker /ˈslækɚ/ slackers n
feignasse glandeur paresseux tire-au-flanc
One who procrastinates or is lazy.

slackline slacklines n
slackline
(forestry, mining, sports) A length of cable, rope, or webbing that hangs loosely from its points of suspension.

slackline v
slacker
(sports) To engage in the sport of slacklining.

slacklining n
slackline
A sport resembling tightrope walking but with the rope or webbing only partially taut.

slag /slæɡ/ slags n
scorie laitier
Impurities formed and separated out when a metal is smelted from ore; vitrified cinders.
pute
Hard aggregate remaining as a residue from blast furnaces, sometimes used as a surfacing material.
(UK, Irish, slang, derogatory) A prostitute or promiscuous woman; a slut.
scorie
Scoria associated with a volcano.

slag heap slag heaps n
crassier terril

slake /sleɪk/ v
étancher rassasier

slaked lime slaked limes n
chaux éteinte
Calcium hydroxide, a soft white powder, produced by adding water to quicklime. It is used in making mortar and cement, and has many industrial uses.

slalom /ˈslɑː.ləm/ /ˈslɔ.ləm/ slaloms n
slalom
(countable, sports) A course used for the sport of slalom.

slalom /ˈslɑː.ləm/ /ˈslɔ.ləm/ v
slalomer
(intransitive) To race in a slalom.

slalomer slalomers n
slalomeur slalomeuse
A skier who takes part in a slalom

slam /slæm/ v
claquer
(transitive, ergative) To shut with sudden force so as to produce a shock and noise.

slander /ˈslandə/ /ˈslaːndə/ /ˈslændɚ/ /ˈslɑːndə/ /ˈslɛndə/ slanders n
calomnie (orale) diffamation (orale)
A false or unsupported, malicious statement (spoken, not written), especially one which is injurious to a person's reputation; the making of such a statement.

slander /ˈslandə/ /ˈslaːndə/ /ˈslændɚ/ /ˈslɑːndə/ /ˈslɛndə/ v
calomnier
To utter a slanderous statement about; baselessly speak ill of.

slanderer slanderers n
calomniateur calomniatrice
One who slanders or defames the name or reputation of another person.

slanderous more slanderous most slanderous adj
diffamatoire
(of something said) Both untrue and harmful to a reputation.

slang /slæŋ/ [sleɪŋ] slangs n
argot jargon langue verte
Language outside of conventional usage and in the informal register.

slant /ˈslænt/ /ˈslɑːnt/ slants n
biais connotation
A slope; an incline, inclination.
A palette or similar container with slants or sloping depressions.
connotation
A sloped surface or line.
(mining) A run: a heading driven diagonally between the dip and strike of a coal seam.
(typography) Synonym of slash ⟨ / ⟩, particularly in its use to set off pronunciations from other text.
An oblique movement or course.
(biology) A sloping surface in a culture medium.
A pan with a sloped bottom used for holding paintbrushes.
A depression on a palette with a sloping bottom for holding and mixing watercolours.
(US, obsolete) A sarcastic remark; shade, an indirect mocking insult.
(slang) An opportunity, particularly to go somewhere.
(Australia, slang) A crime committed for the purpose of being apprehended and transported to a major settlement.
(originally, _, US) A point of view, an angle.
(US) A look, a glance.
(US, ethnic slur, pejorative) A person with slanting eyes, particularly an East Asian.

slant /ˈslænt/ /ˈslɑːnt/ v
incliner pencher
(ambitransitive) To lean, tilt or incline.
biaiser
(transitive) To bias or skew.

slanted more slanted most slanted adj
incliné oblique penché
Placed at an angle, on a slant.

slanting /ˈslæntɪŋ/ more slanting most slanting adj
oblique
Out of the perpendicular, not perpendicular.

slanting /ˈslæntɪŋ/ slantings n
en pente
The state or quality of being slanted.

slap /slæp/ slaps n
gifle claque fessée
(countable) A blow, especially one given with the open hand, or with something broad and flat.

slap /slæp/ v
gifler fesser
(transitive) To give a slap to.

slap in the face slaps in the face n
gifle claque soufflet
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see slap,‎ in,‎ the,‎ face. (This sense is a translation hub.)
claque
(figuratively) Something unexpectedly said or done which causes shock or offense; an insult, rebuke, or rebuff.

slap-bang more slap-bang most slap-bang adv
en plein
directly or immediately

slapdash /ˈslæpdæʃ/ more slapdash most slapdash adj
bâclé
Produced or carried out hastily; haphazard; careless.

slapper /ˈslæpə/ /ˈslæpɚ/ slappers n
putain
(countable, UK, Ireland, Australia, slang) A woman of loose morals.

slapstick slapsticks n
pantalonnade
(uncountable) A style of humor focusing on physical comedy, such as slipping on a banana peel, and with foolish characters who get into humiliating situations.

slash /slaʃ/ /slæʃ/ slashes n
barre oblique barre
(originally, _, US, typography) The slash mark: the punctuation mark ⟨/⟩, sometimes (often, _, proscribed) inclusive of any mark produced by a similar slashing movement of the pen, as the backslash ⟨\⟩.
entaille taillade
(fashion) A slit in an outer garment exposing a lining or inner garment, usually of a contrasting color or design; any intentional long vertical cut in a garment.

slash /slaʃ/ /slæʃ/ v
taillader entailler
To cut with a swift broad stroke of an edged weapon.

slash and burn n
culture sur brûlis brûlis
A technique in agriculture where plant matter is roughly cut down and then burned over to prepare fields for the next crop.

slasher slashers n
slasher
(informal, film) A horror movie with graphic blood and violence; a slasher movie.

slat /slæt/ slats n
pale
lamelle palette
A thin, narrow strip or bar of wood (lath), metal, or plastic.
bec à fente commandé dispositif hypersustentateur
(aviation) A control surface that extends forwards and downwards from the leading edge of a wing, leaving a gap between it and the leading edge, in order to modify the airflow around the wing so as to allow flight at a higher angle of attack without stalling, lowering the aircraft's stall speed.

slate /sleɪt/ slates n
ardoise
(uncountable, geology) A fine-grained homogeneous sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash which has been metamorphosed so that it cleaves easily into thin layers.
(uncountable) The bluish-grey colour of most slate.
(countable) A chalkboard, sheet of slate for writing on with chalk or with a thin rod of slate (a slate pencil) formerly commonly used by both students and teachers in schools.
(countable) A roofing-tile made of slate.
(countable) A record of money owed.

slater /ˈsleɪtə/ /ˈsleɪtɚ/ slaters n
couvreur
One who lays slates, or whose occupation is to slate buildings.

slather /ˈslæðə(ɹ)/ v
appliquer quelque chose épais
To spread something thickly on something else; to coat well.
appliquer une généreuse quantité
(often followed by with) To apply generously upon.

slattern /ˈslætən/ /ˈslætɚn/ slatterns n
salope
(dated) One who is uncareful or unconcerned about appearance or surroundings, usually said of a dirty and untidy woman.

slaty-backed gull slaty-backed gulls n
Goéland à manteau ardoisé
Larus schistisagus, a large gull.

slaughter /ˈslɑtɚ/ /ˈslɑɾɚ/ /ˈslɔɾɚ/ /ˈslɔːtə/ slaughters n
abattage
(uncountable) The killing of animals, generally for food.
massacre carnage tuerie
A massacre; the killing of a large number of people.

slaughter /ˈslɑtɚ/ /ˈslɑɾɚ/ /ˈslɔɾɚ/ /ˈslɔːtə/ v
faire une tuerie massacrer
(transitive, intransitive) To massacre people in large numbers.
faire un carnage massacrer
(transitive) To kill someone or something, especially in a particularly brutal manner.

slaughterhouse slaughterhouses n
abattoir
(figuratively) The scene of a massacre.

slave /sleɪv/ slaves n
esclave serf serve
A person who is held in servitude as the property of another person, and whose labor (and often also whose body and life) is subject to the owner's volition and control.
esclave
(BDSM) A submissive partner in a BDSM relationship who (consensually) submits to (sexually and/or personally) serving one or more masters or mistresses.
A sex slave, a person who is forced against their will to perform, for another person or group, sexual acts on a regular or continuing basis.

slave away v
trimer
(intransitive) To work very hard.

slave trade slave trades n
traite négrière commerce des esclaves
traffic in slaves

slave-driver slave-drivers n
esclavagiste négrier négrière
An overseer of slaves at work; a person who puts slaves to work.
négrier négrière
An employer or supervisor who demands excessive amounts of work from an employee.

slave-girl slave-girls n
esclave-fille
A female slave.

slaveowner slaveowners n
esclavagiste
Someone who has control or ownership over another human being; the owner of a slave.

slaver /ˈsleɪvə/ /ˈsleɪvɚ/ slavers n
esclavagiste marchand d'esclaves négrier négrière
A person engaged in the slave trade; a person who buys, sells, or owns slaves.
navire d'esclaves
(nautical) A ship used to transport slaves.

slaver /ˈslævə/ /ˈslævɚ/ v
baver
(intransitive) To drool saliva from the mouth; to slobber.

slavery /ˈsleɪvəɹi/ /ˈsleɪvɹi/ slaveries n
esclavage
An institution or social practice of owning human beings as property, especially for use as forced laborers.
A condition of servitude endured by a slave.
(figuratively) A condition in which one is captivated or subjugated, as by greed or drugs.

slay /sleɪ/ v
occire assassiner tuer
(now, _, literary) To kill; to murder.

slayer /ˈsleɪə/ slayers n
assassin
a killer; a murderer; someone who slays

sled dog sled dogs n
chien de traîneau
Any dog, such as a husky, that pulls a sled as part of a team.

sledge /slɛd͡ʒ/ sledges n
luge traîneau
(British) any type of sled or sleigh.

sledge hockey n
hockey sur luge
A version of ice hockey where the players are seated on sledges and have use of two sticks.

sledge racing n
course sur luge

sledgehammer /ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə/ /ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ/ sledgehammers n
masse marteau marteau de forgeron
A hammer that consists of a large, heavy, broad and flat block of metal (the head) attached to a handle typically 0.5 meter to 1 meter long. The sledgehammer's design is meant to allow it to be swung powerfully, and to distribute force over a wide area upon impact.

sleek /sliːk/ sleeker sleekest adj
brillant lisse luisant
Having an even, smooth surface; smooth
lisse
Not rough or harsh.

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ sleeps n
sommeil
(uncountable) The state of reduced consciousness during which a human or animal rests in a daily rhythm.
(countable, informal) An act or instance of sleeping.
sommeil chassie
(uncountable) Rheum, crusty or gummy discharge found in the corner of the eyes after waking, whether real or a figurative objectification of sleep (in the sense of reduced consciousness).

sleep /slip/ /sliːp/ v
dormir
(intransitive) To rest in a state of reduced consciousness.
(intransitive) To be, or appear to be, in repose; to be quiet; to be unemployed, unused, or unagitated; to rest; to lie dormant.

sleep a wink v
ne pas fermer l'œil

sleep apnea sleep apneas n
apnée du sommeil
(pathology, American spelling) Brief interruptions of breathing during sleep.

sleep disorder sleep disorders n
trouble de sommeil trouble du sommeil
(pathology) A medical disorder of the sleep patterns of a person or animal.

sleep in /sliːp ɪn/ v
faire la grasse matinée
(intransitive, idiomatic) To sleep late; to go on sleeping past one's customary or planned hour.

sleep like a baby v
dormir comme un bébé
(simile) To sleep very well, especially peacefully.

sleep like a log /-ˈlɑɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɒɡ/ /ˈsliːp ˈla͡ɪk ə ˈlɔɡ/ v
dormir comme un loir dormir comme une souche dormir comme un bébé dormir à poings fermés dormir comme un bienheureux dormir comme un caïman
(simile) To sleep heavily, long and without disturbance.

sleep like a rock v
dormir comme une pierre
Synonym of sleep like a log

sleep mask /slip mæsk/ /sliːp mɑːsk/ sleep masks n
masque de nuit
a blindfold made to ease sleeping by covering the eyes to block all light.

sleep mode sleep modes n
mise en veille
(computing) the state of a computer system in which the drives and interfaces are switched off, and the only task running is monitoring external activity, particularly a key press which restores the system to its active state from the random access memory.

sleep of the just /ˈslip əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ /ˈsliːp əv ðə ˈdʒʌst/ n
sommeil du juste
A deep and worry-free sleep.

sleep on v
la nuit porte conseil
(idiomatic) To postpone (a decision) at least overnight, to avoid making a hasty choice.

sleep over v
passer la nuit parnuire
To spend the night as a guest in someone's home.

sleep paralysis sleep paralyses n
paralysie du sommeil
A situation where a person is not fully awake, and although conscious of their surroundings, unable to move or speak, often accompanied by hallucinations and feelings of terror.

sleep rough /ˌslip ˈɹʌf/ /ˌsliːp ˈɹaf/ /ˌsliːp ˈɹʌf/ [ˌslɪip ˈɹaf] v
à la belle étoile
(idiomatic) Of a homeless person, to sleep outdoors, particularly as opposed to sleeping in a shelter or similar.

sleep schedule sleep schedules n
horaire de sommeil rythme de sommeil
A pattern of sleeping and waking; especially a regular pattern of sleeping and waking designed to promote health.

sleep tight interjection
dormez bien dors bien
(nightly farewell) good night

sleep with v
coucher
(idiomatic, euphemism) To have sexual intercourse with.

sleep with one eye open v
ne dormir que d'un œil

sleep-in sleep-ins n
grasse matinée
An instance of sleeping in, sleeping late, sleeping until one feels fully refreshed rather than rising at a prespecified time.

sleeper sleepers n
dormeur
Someone who sleeps.

sleeper agent sleeper agents n
agent dormant agent en sommeil
A spy who is placed in a target country or organisation, not to undertake an immediate mission, but rather to act as a potential asset if activated.

sleeper cell sleeper cells n
cellule dormante
A group of people (sleepers) who inconspicuously remain dormant in a community until activated, by a prearranged signal, in order to perform acts of espionage, sabotage, or terrorism.

sleepiness sleepinesses n
somnolence

sleeping /ˈsliːpɪŋ/ sleepings n
sommeil
The state of being asleep, or an instance of this.

sleeping bag /ˈsliːpɪŋ(ɡ) bæɡ/ sleeping bags n
sac de couchage duvet
A padded or insulated bag large enough to surround the whole body and which keeps the user warm while sleeping, used as a substitute for bedclothes.

sleeping car sleeping cars n
wagon-lit wagon-couchette
(rail) A railroad car with sleeping facilities for passengers travelling overnight.

sleeping pill sleeping pills n
somnifère
(pharmaceutical drug) A pill or tablet having a soporific effect.

sleeping sickness sleeping sicknesses n
maladie du sommeil
(pathology) Any of several diseases of which lethargy is a major symptom:
especially, African sleeping sickness, an endemic infectious disease of humans and animals in tropical Africa, caused by a parasitic trypanosome, transmitted by the tsetse fly and characterized by fever, severe headache, joint pains and lymph node swelling in the early stages, followed by a neurological phase of extreme weakness, sleepiness, and deep coma leading to death

sleepless /ˈsliːpləs/ more sleepless most sleepless adj
insomniaque
Characterized by an absence of sleep.

sleepover sleepovers n
soirée pyjama
The act of spending the night as a guest in another's house, especially when the participants are children.

sleepsuit /slip s(j)ut/ /sliːp s(j)uːt/ sleepsuits n
grenouillère
A warm one-piece garment worn while sleeping.

sleepwalking sleepwalkings n
somnambulisme
The act of walking while not conscious or aware of it, during one's sleep.

sleepy /ˈsliːpi/ sleepier sleepiest adj
somnolent ensommeillé ensuqué
Tired; feeling the need for sleep.
endormi
Suggesting tiredness.

sleepyhead sleepyheads n
endormi endormie
(informal) A sleepy person.

sleet /sliːt/ sleets n
grésil
(chiefly, United States) Pellets of ice made of mostly frozen raindrops or refrozen melted snowflakes.

sleet /sliːt/ v
grésiller
(impersonal, of the weather) To be in a state in which sleet is falling.

sleeve /sliːv/ sleeves n
manche boîtier pochette
The part of a garment that covers the arm. [from 10th c.]
manchon chemise gaine
A (usually tubular) covering or lining to protect a piece of machinery etc. [from 19th c.]
boîtier pochette
A tattoo covering the whole arm.

sleight of hand sleights of hand n
tour de main tour de passe-passe escamotage
A performance of such skill.

sleiveen /ˈsliːviːn/ sleiveens n
aigrefin chevalier d'industrie escroc filou fripon larron
(Ireland, Newfoundland) A dishonest person; a trickster, usually from a rural area.

slender /ˈslɛndə/ /ˈslɛndɚ/ slenderer slenderest adj
mince svelte
Thin; slim.

slender-billed gull slender-billed gulls n
goéland railleur
Chroicocephalus genei, a mid-sized gull which breeds very locally around the Mediterranean and the north of the western Indian Ocean.

slender-horned gazelle slender-horned gazelles n
gazelle leptocère
A gazelle with slender horns adapted to desert life (Gazella leptoceros).

sleuth /sluːθ/ sleuths n
détective
A detective.
limier
(archaic) A sleuthhound; a bloodhound.

slice /slaɪs/ slices n
tranche tronçon
A thin, broad piece cut off.

slice /slaɪs/ v
couper en tranches trancher émincer
(transitive) To cut into slices.

slice of life slices of life n
tranche de vie
A work in a genre (of theater, cinema, literature, manga, etc.) that presents day-to-day happenings with no clear central plot and takes place in a world that mirrors our own.

slice of the pie slices of the pie n
part du gâteau

sliced bread sliced breads n
pain de mie
Bread from a loaf that is sold sliced into pieces of equal thickness by an automated process.

slick /slɪk/ slicker slickest adj
glissant
Slippery or smooth due to a covering of liquid; often used to describe appearances.

slick /slɪk/ slicks n
nappe
A covering of liquid, particularly oil.
pneu lisse
(sports, automotive) A tire with a smooth surface instead of a tread pattern, often used in auto racing.

slide /slaɪd/ slides n
toboggan glissoire glissade
An item of play equipment that children can climb up and then slide down again.
glissement glissement de terrain
The falling of large amounts of rubble, earth and stones down the slope of a hill or mountain; avalanche.
bottleneck glissoire
An inclined plane on which heavy bodies slide by the force of gravity, especially one constructed on a mountainside for conveying logs by sliding them down.
coulisse glissière
A mechanism consisting of a part which slides on or against a guide.
glissade
The act of sliding; smooth, even passage or progress.
(baseball) The act of dropping down and skidding into a base
coulisse
A valve that works by sliding, such as in a trombone.
diapositive diapo
(photography) A transparent plate bearing an image to be projected to a screen.
lame
(sciences) A flat, usually rectangular piece of glass or similar material on which a prepared sample may be viewed through a microscope Generally referred to as a microscope slide.

slide /slaɪd/ v
glisser
(ergative) To (cause to) move in continuous contact with a surface.
(transitive) To pass or put imperceptibly; to slip.
(intransitive) To pass along smoothly or unobservedly; to move gently onward without friction or hindrance.
(intransitive, slang) To go; to move from one place or to another.
déraper
(intransitive, obsolete) To pass inadvertently.

slide projector slide projectors n
projecteur projecteur de diapositives
A device that projects an enlarged image of a photographic slide onto a screen

slide rule slide rules n
règle à calcul
An analog calculator consisting of three interlocking strips marked with logarithmic scales, such that multiplication, division etc. can be performed by the equivalent of addition and subtraction.

slideshow slideshows n
diaporama
A presentation of a series of photographic slides, usually with a spoken or recorded explanation.
Any sequence of images, shown one after the other (not simultaneously).

sliding door sliding doors n
porte coulissante
A door that opens and closes by sliding to the side; sometimes one of a pair.

slight /slaɪt/ [sl̥ɐɪʔ] slighter slightest adj
insignifiant léger
Trifling; unimportant; insignificant.

slightly /ˈslaɪtli/ more slightly most slightly adv
délicatement finement
Slenderly; delicately.
légèrement
(degree) To a small extent or degree.

slim /slɪm/ slimmer slimmest adj
mince svelte
Slender, thin.

slim /slɪm/ v
maigrir mincir
(intransitive) To lose weight in order to achieve slimness.

slime /slaɪm/ slimes n
slime
Soft, moist earth or clay, having an adhesive quality; viscous mud; any substance of a dirty nature, that is moist, soft, and adhesive; bitumen; mud containing metallic ore, obtained in the preparatory dressing.
bave glaire
Any mucilaginous substance; or a mucus-like substance which exudes from the bodies of certain animals, such as snails or slugs.

slimeball /ˈslaɪmbɔːl/ /ˈslaɪmˌbɔl/ slimeballs n
cochon enflure ordure porc raclure sac à foutre
(originally, US, colloquial, derogatory) A person who is regarded as slimy (that is, sneaky or underhanded) or otherwise undesirable.

slimy /ˈslaɪ.mi/ slimier slimiest adj
visqueux gluant gluante visqueuse
Of or pertaining to slime

sling /ˈslɪŋ/ slings n
fronde bandoulière bricole
(weapon) An instrument for throwing stones or other missiles, consisting of a short strap with two strings fastened to its ends, or with a string fastened to one end and a light stick to the other.
écharpe
A kind of hanging bandage put around the neck, in which a wounded arm or hand is supported.
élingue
A loop of rope, or a rope or chain with hooks, for suspending a barrel, bale, or other heavy object, in hoisting or lowering.
bandoulière
A strap attached to a firearm, for suspending it from the shoulder.
hauban
(nautical, chiefly, in the plural) A band of rope or iron for securing a yard to a mast.
jet
The act or motion of hurling as with a sling; a throw; figuratively, a stroke.

sling /ˈslɪŋ/ v
bicraver fourguer
To throw with a circular or arcing motion.
(slang) To sell, peddle, or distribute (often illicitly, e.g. drugs, sex, etc.).
lancer
To throw with a sling.

slingback slingbacks n
slingback
A type of women's shoe having a strap behind the heel or ankle

slinger /ˈslɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈslɪŋ.ɚ/ slingers n
frondeur
Someone who slings or who uses a sling.

slingshot /ˈslɪŋʃɒt/ slingshots n
lance-pierre
(chiefly, American) A Y-shaped stick with an elastic sling between the arms used for shooting small projectiles.

slip /slɪp/ slips n
barbotine
(ceramics) A thin, slippery mix of clay and water.
fiche
A small piece of paper, especially one longer than it is wide, typically a form for writing on or one giving printed information.
glissade
(engineering) The motion of the centre of resistance of the float of a paddle wheel, or the blade of an oar, through the water horizontally, or the difference between a vessel's actual speed and the speed it would have if the propelling instrument acted upon a solid; also, the velocity, relatively to still water, of the backward current of water produced by the propeller.

slip /slɪp/ v
glisser
(intransitive) To lose one’s traction on a slippery surface; to slide due to a lack of friction.
empirer faire erreur faire passer se tromper
(transitive) To cause to move smoothly and quickly; to slide; to convey gently or secretly.

slip knot slip knots n
nœud coulant
A knot which attaches a line to an object and tightens when pressure is applied. Also called a running knot.

slip of the tongue slips of the tongue n
lapsus
(idiomatic) A mistake in speech.

slip road slip roads n
bretelle bretelle d'autoroute
A segment of roadway that joins a motorway to ordinary roads (in either direction)

slip through someone's fingers v
passer sous le nez

slip through the cracks v
passer entre les mailles du filet
(idiomatic) To escape notice or lack sufficient attention.

slip-up /ˈslɪpʌp/ slip-ups n
boulette, cafouillage
(idiomatic) A (small) error or mistake; a (minor) misstep.

slipped disc slipped discs n
déplacement de vertèbre
(pathology) A vertebral disc that protrudes into the spinal canal, exerting pressure on spinal nerves and causing backache or sciatica.

slipper /ˈslɪpə(ɹ)/ slippers n
chausson pantoufle
A low soft shoe that can be slipped on and off easily.
Such a shoe intended for indoor use; a bedroom or house slipper.

slippery /ˈslɪpəɹi/ /ˈslɪpɹi/ slipperier slipperiest adj
glissant
Of a surface, having low friction, often due to being covered in a non-viscous liquid, and therefore hard to grip, hard to stand on without falling, etc.

slippery jack slippery jacks n
bolet jaune nonette voilée
A mushroom in genus Suillus, family Boletaceae, especially Suillus luteus; boletes, they have no gills, but release spores from tubes ending in open pores.

slippery slope slippery slopes n
pente glissante pente savonneuse
(figuratively) A chain of events that, once initiated, cannot be halted; especially one in which the final outcome is undesirable or precarious.

slipshod /ˈslɪp.ʃɑd/ /ˈslɪp.ʃɒd/ more slipshod most slipshod adj
bâclé
Done poorly or too quickly; slapdash.

slipstream slipstreams n
zone d'aspiration
The low-pressure zone immediately following a rapidly moving object, caused by turbulence.

slipway slipways n
cale cale sèche
(nautical) A sloping surface, leading down to the shore or to a river, on which ships are built, repaired or stored and from which they are launched.

slit /ˈslɪt/ slits n
fente
A narrow cut or opening; a slot.
vulve
(vulgar, slang) The opening of the vagina.

slither /ˈslɪð.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈslɪð.ɚ/ v
glisser se faufiler

slithy /ˈslaɪði/ adj
lubricilleux
lithe and slimy or slithery.

sliver /ˈslɪv.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈslɪv.ɚ/ slivers n
éclat écharde
A long piece cut or rent off; a sharp, slender fragment; a splinter.
languette
(fishing) Bait made of pieces of small fish. Compare kibblings.
gratte-ciel tour
(US, New York) A narrow high-rise apartment building.

slivovitz /ˈslɪvəvɪts/ /ˈslɪvəˌvɪts/ slivovitzes n
slivovitz
(countable, uncountable) A type of rakija made mostly in Eastern European countries from distilled, fermented plum juice.

slob /slɒb/ slobs n
flemmard lambin souillon
(informal, derogatory) A lazy and slovenly or obese person.

slobber /ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/ slobbers n
bave
Liquid material, generally saliva, that dribbles or drools outward and downward from the mouth.

slobber /ˈslɒbə(ɹ)/ v
baver
To allow saliva or liquid to run from one's mouth.

sloboda slobodas slobody n
sloboda
A kind of settlement, village, or suburb in the history of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

sloe /ˈsloʊ/ /ˈsləʊ/ sloes n
prunelle
Any of various other plants of the genus Prunus, as a shrub or small tree, Prunus alleghaniensis, bearing dark-purple fruit.

slogan /ˈsloʊɡən/ /ˈsləʊɡ(ə)n/ slogans n
slogan
(advertising) A catchphrase associated with a product or service being advertised.

sloop /sluːp/ sloops n
sloop
(nautical) A single-masted sailboat with only one headsail.

slope /sloʊp/ /sləʊp/ slopes n
pente versant
An area of ground that tends evenly upward or downward.
pente inclinaison
The degree to which a surface tends upward or downward.
pente
(mathematics) The ratio of the vertical and horizontal distances between two points on a line; zero if the line is horizontal, undefined if it is vertical.
(mathematics) The slope of the line tangent to a curve at a given point.

slopestyle n
slopestyle

sloppy /ˈslɑ.pi/ /ˈslɒp.i/ sloppier sloppiest adj
mouillé trop liquide
Very wet; covered in or composed of slop.
bâclé négligé
Messy; not neat, elegant, or careful.
ample large lâche
Imprecise or loose.

slosh /slɑʃ/ /slɒʃ/ v
éclabousser
(intransitive, of a liquid) To shift chaotically; to splash noisily.

sloshing sloshings n
ballottement
A motion or action that sloshes.

slot /slɑt/ /slɒt/ slots n
fente emplacement
A narrow depression, perforation, or aperture; especially, one for the reception of a piece fitting or sliding in it.
barre
(Scotland, Northern England) An implement for barring, bolting, locking or securing a door, box, gate, lid, window or the like.

slot machine slot machines n
machine à sous
Synonym of vending machine.
Any machine operated by placing a coin or token into a slot, especially

sloth /slɑθ/ /slɒθ/ /slɔθ/ /sləʊθ/, /slɒθ/ sloths n
paresse aï
(uncountable) Laziness; slowness in the mindset; disinclination to action or labour.
paresseux aï
(countable) A herbivorous, arboreal South American mammal of the families Megalonychidae and Bradypodidae, noted for its slowness and inactivity.

sloth bear sloth bears n
ours lippu
A nocturnal bear, Melursus ursinus, native to South Asia.

slothful more slothful most slothful adj
paresseux
lazy; idle; tending to sloth.

slouch /slaʊt͡ʃ/ slouches n
empoté
(dated) An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow.

slouch hat slouch hats n
chapeau mou
A broad-brimmed felt hat worn by soldiers, often with a clasp on the left side to allow a rifle to be carried over the shoulder.

slough /slʌf/ sloughs n
mue
The skin shed by a snake or other reptile.
escarre
Dead skin on a sore or ulcer.

slovenly /ˈslɒv.ən.li/ /ˈslʊv.ən.li/ /ˈslʌv.ən.li/ slovenlier slovenliest adj
dépeigné négligé
Having an untidy appearance; unkempt.
sale
Dirty, unwashed; disorderly.
bâclé négligé
Careless or negligent; sloppy.

slow /sloʊ/ /sləʊ/ slower slowest adj
lent lente
Taking a long time to move or go a short distance, or to perform an action; not quick in motion; proceeding at a low speed.
lent
Not happening in a short time; spread over a comparatively long time.
Of reduced intellectual capacity; not quick to comprehend.
lent tardif
Not hasty; not tending to hurry; acting with deliberation or caution.

slow /sloʊ/ /sləʊ/ v
ralentir freiner
(transitive) To make (something) run, move, etc. less quickly; to reduce the speed of.

slow and steady wins the race proverb
rien ne sert de courir, il faut partir à point
Patient work will eventually conquer any problem.

slow cooker slow cookers n
cocotte mijoteuse
A kitchen appliance consisting of a clay pot and its housing with self-contained electrical heating, characterized by a loose-fitting lid, relatively low temperatures, and long cooking times, and used especially in the preparation of stews.

slow down v
ralentir décélérer
(transitive) To reduce the velocity, speed, or tempo of something.

slow motion n
ralenti
A technique of film, photography, and video to stretch time and allow visibility of things normally happening too fast to be conveniently examined.

slow on the uptake adj
long à la détente
(colloquial, idiom) Of a person, slow to comprehend or process intellectually.

slow-cook v
mitonner
to cook in a slow cooker

slowly /ˈsloʊli/ /ˈsləʊli/ more slowly most slowly slowlier slowliest adv
lentement doucement
(manner) At a slow pace.

slowly but surely adv
lentement mais sûrement
In a slow, yet careful manner.

slowness slownesses n
lenteur
The quality or state of being slow.

slowpoke /ˈsloʊˌpoʊk/ slowpokes n
escargot
(US, Canada, informal, mildly, derogatory) A person who moves slowly or takes a long time to do something.

slowworm /ˈsləʊwɜː(ɹ)m/ slowworms n
orvet
A small Old World lizard, Anguis fragilis, often mistaken for a snake, having no legs and small eyes.

sludge /slʌd͡ʒ/ sludges n
lie
A residual semi-solid material left from industrial, water treatment, or wastewater treatment processes.

slug /slʌɡ/ slugs n
limace
Any of many terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks, having no (or only a rudimentary) shell. [from early 18th c.]
bastos dragée pruneau
A bullet or other projectile fired from a firearm; in modern usage, generally refers to a shotgun slug. [from 1620s]
(obsolete) A hindrance, an obstruction.

slugabed /ˈsləɡ-/ /ˈslʌɡəbɛd/ /ˈslʌɡəˌbɛd/ slugabeds n
dormeur dormeuse lève-tard
A lazy person who lies in bed after the usual time for getting up; a sluggard.

sluggard sluggards n
fainéant fainéante flemmard flemmarde
A person who is lazy, stupid, or idle by habit.

sluggish /ˈslʌɡɪʃ/ more sluggish most sluggish sluggisher sluggishest adj
faiblard poussif
Slow; having little motion.
naze rétamé
Having no power to move oneself or itself; inert.

sluggish schizophrenia n
schizophrénie torpide
(historical, medicine) A diagnostic category used in Soviet Russia to describe a supposedly slowly progressive form of schizophrenia affecting minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic individuals.

sluice /sljuːs/ /sluːs/ sluices n
écluse
An artificial passage for water, fitted with a valve or gate, for example in a canal lock or a mill stream, for stopping or regulating the flow.

sluice gate sluice gates n
vanne
A portal which may be opened or closed to allow or prevent the passage of water through a man-made channel.

slum /slʌm/ slums n
bidonville
(countable, pejorative) A dilapidated neighborhood where many people live in a state of poverty.

slumber /ˈslʌm.bə/ /ˈslʌm.bɚ/ slumbers n
somnolence
A very light state of sleep, almost awake.

slumber /ˈslʌm.bə/ /ˈslʌm.bɚ/ v
somnoler
(intransitive) To be in a very light state of sleep, almost awake.

slumber party slumber parties n
soirée pyjama
A sleepover; a party where people stay and sleep overnight.

slumdweller slumdwellers n
zonard
Someone who lives (dwells) in a slum.

slumlord slumlords n
marchand de sommeil vendeur de sommeil

slump /slʌmp/ v
s'affaler s'effondrer
(transitive, slang) To cause to collapse; to hit hard; to render unconscious; to kill.

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ slurs n
injure insulte
An insult or slight.
coulé legato liaison d'expression
(music) The symbol indicating a legato passage, written as an arc over the slurred notes (not to be confused with a tie).

slur /slɜː(ɹ)/ v
mal articuler
To run together; to articulate poorly.
dissimuler dévaloriser filouter lier mal articuler phraser
To soil; to sully; to contaminate; to disgrace.
dénigrer dévaloriser glisser rabaisser traiter
To cover over; to disguise; to conceal; to pass over lightly or with little notice.
dissimuler flouter maquiller
(printing, dated) To blur or double, as an impression from type; to mackle.

slurry /ˈslɝ.i/ /ˈslʌ.ɹi/ slurries n
lisier purin
(agriculture) A mixture of animal waste, other organic material and sometimes water, stored in a slurry pit and used as fertilizer; also used in combination, as pig slurry, etc.

slush /slʌʃ/ slushes n
névasse neige fondue sloche
Half-melted snow or ice, generally located on the ground.
gadoue
Liquid mud or mire.
barbotine
Flavored shaved ice served as a drink.

slush fund slush funds n
caisse noire
(finance) Money stored for illegal or dishonest purposes.

slut /slʌt/ /ˈsɫɐt/ sluts n
salope garce pute trainée
(vulgar, often, _, derogatory) A sexually promiscuous woman.
souillon truie
(archaic, derogatory) A slovenly, untidy person, usually a woman.
chienne
(obsolete) A female dog.

slutty /ˈslʌti/ sluttier sluttiest adj
putassier salope
(informal) Of, resembling, or suitable for, a slut.

sly /slaɪ/ slier sliest slyer slyest adj
malin rusé matois sournois
Artfully cunning; secretly mischievous; wily.
espiègle
(having a positive connotation) Dexterous in performing an action, so as to escape notice

sly as a fox adj
rusé comme un renard
(simile) Very sly, very cunning.

sly fox sly foxes n
malin matois rusé sournois
A sly or crafty person.

slyboots slyboots n
chattemite

slyly /ˈslaɪli/ more slyly most slyly adv
sournoisement
In a sly manner, cunningly.

smack-dab adv
en plein milieu pile-poil
(slang) Exactly in a place, especially the middle; directly; precisely; dead-center.

small /smoːl/ /smɑl/ /smɔl/ /smɔːl/ [smoːɫ] smaller smallest adj
petit minuscule
Not large or big; insignificant; few in number.
Not prolonged in duration; not extended in time; short.
petit jeune
(figuratively, incomparable) Young, as a child.

small arms n
petites armes
Firearms designed to be carried and fired by a single person, and often held in the hand.

small business small businesses n
petite entreprise PME TPE
A privately-owned and operated business with relatively small turnover and staff numbers, typically seen as constituting part of a specific commercial or economic sector.

small caps n
petite capitale
(typography) Capital letters shown in the same form but in small size (typically of the same size as lower-case letters).

small category small categories n
petite catégorie
(category theory) A category such that all of its objects form a set and all of its morphisms form a set.

small change n
petite monnaie
(idiomatic) A minor or insignificant amount of money.

small final small finals n
petite finale

small fry small fries small fry n
menu fretin
(idiomatic) One or more relatively small and insignificant individuals or things of relatively little consequence, importance, or value.

small hours n
petites heures
The very early morning, just after midnight, when most people are asleep.

small intestine small intestines n
intestin grêle
(anatomy) The upper part of the intestine, between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum.

small of the back n
cambrure
(anatomy) The relatively narrow, lumbar region of the back.

small pica n
philosophie
(printing, dated) The size of type between long primer and pica, standardized as 11 point.

small screen n
petit écran
(broadcasting) The broadcast or cable television screen, as opposed to the cinema screen (or big screen); by extension, the television programs themselves.

small talk n
bavardage papotage
(idiomatic) Idle conversation, typically on innocuous or unimportant subjects, usually engaged in at social gatherings out of politeness.

small text n
petit-texte
(printing, dated) A small size of type, in French and Italian printing, usually conflated with brevier but technically treated as 7½ Didot points.

small wonder n
pas étonnant (que ...)
(idiomatic) An event or fact whose cause or rationale is not difficult to discern; an unsurprising occurrence.

small-minded more small-minded most small-minded smaller-minded smallest-minded adj
mesquin
Selfish, petty; constrained in thought, limited in scope of consideration, not mindful of the big picture.

small-scale more small-scale most small-scale adj
à petite échelle
Having a modest scope or extent.

small-sized smaller-sized smallest-sized adj
de petite taille petit

smallholder smallholders n
petit exploitant
A person who owns or runs a smallholding, a minor independent farmer.

smallness smallnesses n
petitesse
(uncountable) The state or quality of being small.

smallpox /ˈsmɔlpɑks/ /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/ smallpoxes n
variole petite vérole
(disease) An acute, highly infectious often fatal disease caused by Variola virus of the family Poxviridae. It was completely eradicated in the 1970s, but still exists in laboratories. Those who survived were left with pockmarks.

smalt smalts n
smalt
a deep blue pigment made from powdered glass mixed with cobalt oxide

smarmy /ˈsmɑɹ.mi/ /ˈsmɑː.mi/ smarmier smarmiest adj
obséquieux
Falsely earnest, smug, ingratiating, or pious.

smart /smɑɹt/ /smɑːt/ more smart most smart smarter smartest adj
habile
Exhibiting social ability or cleverness.
intelligent
(informal) Exhibiting intellectual knowledge, such as that found in books.
(often, in combination) Equipped with intelligent behaviour (digital/computer technology).
(technology, of human users) Able to see through a false positive of a digital / computer technology equipped with intelligent behavior.
élégant
Good-looking; well dressed; fine; fashionable.
astucieux malin
Cleverly shrewd and humorous in a way that may be rude and disrespectful.

smart /smɑɹt/ /smɑːt/ v
piquer provoquer une douleur aiguë souffrir
(intransitive) To hurt or sting.

smart aleck smart alecks n
vantard
One who is obnoxiously self-assured; a show off.
je-sais-tout
(rare) A well-dressed person.

smart card smart cards n
carte à puce
A plastic card that has information stored on an embedded computer chip.

smart meter smart meters n
compteur communicant compteur connecté compteur intelligent compteur interactif
an electronic meter, usually for measuring electricity or gas consumption, which is able to send readings back to the supply company at predetermined intervals.

smartass smartasses n
blagueur farceur gonflé plaisantin
(vulgar) An insolent person, especially one who makes snide remarks.

smartphone /ˈsmɑɹtfoʊn/ /ˈsmɑːtfəʊn/ smartphones n
ordiphone smartphone téléphone intelligent supertéléphone
A mobile phone with more advanced features and greater computing capacity than a featurephone.

smartwatch smartwatches n
smartwatch
A wristwatch with electronic functionality beyond timekeeping.

smash /smæʃ/ smashes n
smash
(tennis) A very hard overhead shot hit sharply downward.

smash /smæʃ/ v
fracasser
(transitive) To break (something brittle) violently.
percuter
(transitive) To hit extremely hard.
écraser
(transitive, figuratively) To defeat overwhelmingly; to gain a comprehensive success over.

smashing /ˈsmæʃɪŋ/ more smashing most smashing adj
génial géniale sensass super
(originally, US, now, British, and, Irish) Wonderful, very good or impressive.

smatter /ˈsmæ.tə/ /ˈsmæ.təɹ/ [ˈsmæ.ɾɚ] v
lantiponner
(intransitive) To talk superficially; to babble, chatter.
baragouiner
(transitive) To speak (a language) with spotty or superficial knowledge.

smattering /ˈsmæ.təɹ.ɪŋ/ /ˈsmæɾɚɪŋ/ smatterings n
rudiment
A superficial or shallow knowledge of a subject.

smear /smiɚ/ /smɪə(ɹ)/ /smɪɚ/ smears n
frottis trace traînée
A mark made by smearing.

smear /smiɚ/ /smɪə(ɹ)/ /smɪɚ/ v
couvrir
(transitive) To cover (a surface with a layer of some substance) by rubbing.
(transitive) To cause (something) to be a particular colour by covering with a substance.
diffamer
(transitive) To damage someone's reputation by slandering, misrepresenting, or otherwise making false accusations about them, their statements, or their actions.
badigeonner couvrir étaler
(transitive) To attempt to remove (a substance) from a surface by rubbing.

smear campaign smear campaigns n
campagne de diffamation
(idiomatic) An effort to damage or call into question someone's reputation, by propounding negative propaganda.

smear test smear tests n
frottis
(gynaecology) A screening test to detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells by taking a sample (‘smear’) of cells from the cervix.

smearer smearers n
badigeonneur barbouilleur
(pejorative) An unskillful painter.

smectic adj
smectique
(chemistry, physics) Describing a class of liquid crystals whose molecules are aligned in layers, with the molecules lying perpendicular to the plane of the layers.

smectite smectites n
smectite
(mineral) Any of many clay phyllosilicate minerals that have a relatively open structure.

smell /smɛl/ smells n
odorat
A sensation, pleasant or unpleasant, detected by inhaling air (or, the case of water-breathing animals, water) carrying airborne molecules of a substance.
odeur parfum goût
A conclusion or intuition that a situation is wrong, more complex than it seems, or otherwise inappropriate.

smell /smɛl/ v
sentir flairer humer odorer
(transitive) To sense a smell or smells.
sentir exhaler fleurer
(intransitive, copulative) Followed by like or of if descriptive: to have a particular smell, whether good or bad.

smell a rat /ˈsmɛl ə ˈɹæt/ v
y avoir anguille sous roche
(idiomatic) To sense something suspicious.

smell fishy v
puer sentir [[l']]arnaque y avoir anguille sous roche

smell-brain n
rhinencéphale
(neuroanatomy) The part of the brain involved with smelling.

smelling salt smelling salts n
sels
(usually, in the plural) ammonium carbonate, sometimes with added perfume, that is inhaled as a mild irritant to the mucous membranes, to help restore consciousness.

smelly /ˈsmɛli/ smellier smelliest adj
puant malodorant puante
(figuratively, computing, slang, in extreme programming) Having signs that suggest a design problem; having a code smell.

smelt /ˈsmɛlt/ smelts n
éperlan
Any small anadromous fish of the family Osmeridae, found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and in lakes in North America and northern part of Europe.

smelter smelters n
métalurgiste
A person employed to do smelting.
fonderie
A place where smelting is done.

smelting smeltings n
fonte fonderie
(metallurgy) The process of melting or fusion, especially to extract a metal from its ore.

smew /ˈsmjuː/ smews n
harle piette
A small compact diving duck, Mergellus albellus, that breeds in the northern taiga of Europe and Asia and winters on sheltered coasts or inland lakes.

smidgen /ˈsmɪd͡ʒən/ smidgens n
chouïa
A very small quantity or amount.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ smiles n
sourire
A facial expression comprised by flexing the muscles of both ends of one's mouth, often showing the front teeth, without vocalisation, and in humans is a common involuntary or voluntary expression of happiness, pleasure, amusement, goodwill, or anxiety.

smile /ˈsmaɪ.əl/ /ˈsmaɪl/ v
sourire
(ambitransitive) To have (a smile) on one's face.

smile from ear to ear smiles from ear to ear n
sourire jusqu'aux oreilles
(idiom) A large smile.

smile from ear to ear v
sourire à pleines dents
(idiomatic) To smile widely or expressively; to be in a state of great happiness.

smiley /ˈsmaɪli/ smileys smilies n
émoticône smiley
A simplified representation of a smiling face.

smiling /ˈsmaɪlɪŋ/ more smiling most smiling adj
souriant
That smiles or has a smile.

smirch /smɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃ/ v
salir
(transitive, archaic) To dirty; to make dirty.

smirk /smɜːk/ /smɝk/ smirks n
ricanerie sourire en coin
An uneven, often crooked smile that is insolent, self-satisfied, conceited or scornful.

smirk /smɜːk/ /smɝk/ v
ricaner
To smile in a way that is affected, smug, insolent or contemptuous.

smite /smaɪt/ v
frapper
(archaic) To hit; to strike.
To strike down or kill with godly force.

smith /smɪθ/ smiths n
forgeron forgeronne
A craftsperson who works metal into desired forms using a hammer and other tools, sometimes heating the metal to make it more workable, especially a blacksmith.

smithereens /smɪðəˈɹiːnz/ /ˌsmɪðəˈɹinz/ n
miettes
(originally, Ireland, informal) Fragments or splintered pieces; numerous tiny disconnected items.

smithsonite smithsonites n
smithsonite
(mineral) A mineral form of zinc carbonate, ZnCO3, mined as an ore of zinc or as an ornamental stone.

smock /smɑk/ /smɒk/ smocks n
blouse
A type of undergarment worn by women; a shift or slip.
A blouse; a smock frock.
A loose garment worn as protection by a painter, etc.

smocking /ˈsmɑkɪŋ/ /ˈsmɒkɪŋ/ smockings n
nid d'abeilles
(sewing) An embroidery technique in which the fabric is gathered and then embroidered with decorative stitches to hold the gathers in place; the product of the use of this embroidery technique.

smog /smɑɡ/ /smɒɡ/ /smɔɡ/ smogs n
smog
A noxious mixture of particulates and gases that is the result of urban air pollution.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ smokes n
fumée
(uncountable) The visible vapor/vapour, gases, and fine particles given off by burning or smoldering material.
clope
(colloquial, countable) A cigarette.

smoke /smoʊk/ /smoːk/ /sməʊk/ v
fumer
(transitive) To inhale and exhale the smoke from a burning cigarette, cigar, pipe, etc.
(intransitive) To inhale and exhale tobacco smoke.
(intransitive) To give off smoke.
(transitive) To preserve or prepare (food) for consumption by treating with smoke.
descendre
(transitive, slang) To kill, especially with a gun.

smoke and mirrors n
miroir aux alouettes poudre aux yeux écran de fumée

smoke detector smoke detectors n
détecteur de fumée
A device that sounds an alarm when it detects smoke or other evidence of fire.

smoke grenade smoke grenades n
fumigène grenade fumigène
A bomb that generates thick smoke when it explodes; used especially to produce a smokescreen.

smoke like a chimney v
fumer comme un pompier fumer comme un sapeur fumer comme un Turc fumer comme un dragon fumer comme une cheminée
(idiomatic, simile) To smoke tobacco frequently.

smoke ring smoke rings n
rond de fumée ronds de fumée
A ring of smoke exhaled by a smoker.

smoke-filled adj
enfumé

smokebox /sməʊkbɒks/ smokeboxes n
boîte à fumée
A chamber in which smoke passes from a boiler before being vented through a chimney.

smoked /smoʊkt/ /sməʊkt/ adj
fumé
Of food, treated with smoke, often for flavor or as a method of preservation.

smoked beef smoked beefs n
boeuf fumé

smoked meat smoked meats n
smoked meat viande fumée
Any meat that is cured by smoking.

smoked salmon smoked salmons n
saumon fumé
edible raw salmon that is cut into strips and cured by smoking.

smokefall smokefalls n
tombée de la brume
The close of the day before nightfall, when fog comes.
retombée de suie retombée de suies retombées de suie retombées de suies
The soot fallout from a cloud of smoke.
cascade de vapeur cascade de vapeur d'azote
An artificial waterfall of smoke for shows.

smokehouse /ˈsmoʊkˌhaʊs/ smokehouses n
fumoir
A structure used to smoke food to preserve it and to add flavor.

smoker /ˈsmoʊkɚ/ smokers n
fumeur fumeuse
A person who smokes tobacco habitually.
fumoir
(informal, dated) An informal social gathering for men only, at which smoking tobacco is allowed.

smokescreen smokescreens n
rideau de fumée écran de fumée
Smoke used as a disguise, mask or cover, as of troops in battle.
écran de fumée
(figuratively) Anything used metaphorically to conceal or distract.

smoking /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/ /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/ more smoking most smoking adj
bonne
(slang) Sexually attractive, usually referring to a woman.

smoking /ˈsmoʊkɪŋ/ /ˈsməʊkɪŋ/ smokings n
tabagisme
The burning and inhalation of tobacco.
The act of exposing (something) to smoke; (by extension) the process by which foods are cured or flavoured by smoke

smoking jacket smoking jackets n
smoking
A men's jacket designed to be worn while smoking tobacco, typically made of soft fabric with a tie belt.

smoking room smoking rooms n
fumoir
A room designated for people who wish to smoke.

smoky /ˈsmoʊki/ smokier smokiest adj
enfumé
Filled with smoke.

smoky eyes n
smoky eyes yeux charbonneux

smoky quartz smoky quartzes n
quartz fumé
A brown to black variety of quartz.

smolder /ˈsmoʊldɚ/ v
couver se consumer
(intransitive, now, US) To burn with no flame and little smoke.
ronger son frein
(intransitive, figuratively) To show signs of repressed anger or suppressed mental turmoil or other strong emotion, such as passion.

smooch /smuːt͡ʃ/ v
bécoter
(informal, ambitransitive) To kiss.

smooth /smuːð/ smoother smoothest adj
lisse plat
Having a texture that lacks friction. Not rough.
doux facile
Without difficulty, problems, or unexpected consequences or incidents.
lisse
Bland; glib.
(of an edge) Lacking projections or indentations; not serrated.
sophistiqué
Suave; sophisticated.
naturel
(of an action) Natural; unconstrained.
souple
(of a motion) Unbroken.
régulier lisse
(mathematics, of a function) Having derivatives of all finite orders at all points within the function’s domain.
douce
(linguistics, classical studies, of a vowel) Lacking marked aspiration.

smooth /smuːð/ v
lisser
(transitive) To make smooth or even.
(statistics, image processing, digital audio) To capture important patterns in the data, while leaving out noise.

smooth as a baby's bottom adj
doux comme une peau de bébé
(simile) Extremely smooth.

smooth breathing n
esprit doux
(orthography) A diacritic mark (᾿/◌̓) in Ancient, Medieval and Modern Greek used to indicate absence of aspiration for an initial vowel, and sometimes for rho, e.g. ἀ, ῤ

smooth muscle smooth muscles n
muscle lisse
(muscle) Involuntary muscle which is found within the intestines, throat, uterus, and blood vessel walls.

smooth snake smooth snakes n
coronelle lisse
A nonvenomous snake, Coronella austriaca, native to Eurasia.

smooth talker smooth talkers n
beau parleur

smooth-talking more smooth-talking most smooth-talking adj
mielleux
Insincerely ingratiating; flattering.

smooth-tongued more smooth-tongued most smooth-tongued adj
mielleux
glib; able to flatter, seduce, and persuade with words.

smoothen /ˈsmuːðən/ v
lisser
(transitive) To make smooth.

smoothie /ˈsmuːði/ smoothies n
smoothie frappé aux fruits frappé
A drink made from whole fruit, thus thicker than fruit juice.

smoothly /ˈsmuːðli/ more smoothly most smoothly smoothlier smoothliest adv
doucement souplement
in a smooth manner

smorgasbord /ˈsmɔɹɡəsˌbɔɹd/ /ˈsmɔːɡæs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɔːɡəs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɜːɡəs(ˌ)bɔːd/ /ˈsmɜːɡəʊs(ˌ)bʊəd/ /ˈʃmɔɹ-/ smorgasbords n
smörgåsbord
A Swedish-style buffet comprising a variety of cold sandwiches and other dishes; (by extension) any buffet with a wide selection of dishes.

smother /ˈsmʌðɚ/ v
étouffer
(transitive) To extinguish or deaden, as fire, by covering, overlaying, or otherwise excluding the air.
(intransitive) To be suffocated.
cuire à l’étouffée
(transitive, cooking) To cook in a close dish.
suffoquer
(intransitive) To breathe with great difficulty by reason of smoke, dust, close covering or wrapping, or the like.

smudge /smʌd͡ʒ/ smudges n
bavure
A blemish or smear, especially a dark or sooty one.

smudge /smʌd͡ʒ/ v
maculer
To obscure by blurring; to smear.

smug /smʌɡ/ smugger smuggest adj
suffisant auto-satisfait fat
Irritatingly pleased with oneself; offensively self-complacent, self-satisfied.

smuggle /ˈsmʌɡəl/ v
passer en contrebande contrebander
(transitive, intransitive) To import or export, illicitly or by stealth, without paying lawful customs charges or duties

smuggler /ˈsmʌɡ.lə(ɹ)/ /ˈsmʌɡ.əl.ə(ɹ)/ smugglers n
contrebandier contrebandière
One who smuggles things.

smuggling smugglings n
trafique contrebande
An act of something being smuggled.

smugness smugnesses n
complaisance indulgence
(uncountable) The state or quality of being smug.

smurf /smɜːf/ /smɝf/ smurfs smurves n
schtroumpf Schtroumpf
(comics, fictional character) A blue pixie with white stocking cap, from the media franchise The Smurfs.

smut /smʌt/ smuts n
cul
(uncountable) Sexually vulgar material; something that is sexual in a dirty way; pornographic material.
charbon
Any of a range of fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes, that cause plant disease in grasses, including cereal crops; the disease so caused.

snack /snæk/ snacks n
casse-croûte goûter casse-croute encas hors-d'œuvre
A light meal.
casse-croûte casse-croute grignotage
An item of food eaten between meals.

snack /snæk/ v
grignoter
To eat a light meal.
To eat between meals.

snack bar /ˈsnækbɑɹ/ /ˈsnækbɑː/ snack bars n
bistro cafétéria
A small restaurant serving light meals.

snag /ˈsnæɡ/ snags n
aspérité chicot
A stump or base of a branch that has been lopped off; a short branch, or a sharp or rough branch.
chicot
A tree, or a branch of a tree, fixed in the bottom of a river or other navigable water, and rising nearly or quite to the surface, by which boats are sometimes pierced and sunk.
A tooth projecting beyond the others; a broken or decayed tooth.
accroc couac hic pépin
(figuratively) A problem or difficulty with something.
andouiller
One of the secondary branches of an antler.

snail /sneɪl/ [sn̥eɪ̯ɫ] snails n
escargot limaçon
Any of very many animals (either hermaphroditic or nonhermaphroditic), of the class Gastropoda, having a coiled shell.
escargot
(informal, by extension) A slow person; a sluggard.

snail mail n
courrier papier courrier traditionnel
(retronym) Mail sent physically in the post, especially as compared to email.

snail's pace n
à pas de tortue
(informal) A very slow pace.

snailery snaileries n
escargotière

snailfish snailfish snailfishes n
poisson-limace
Any member of the Liparidae, a family of scorpaeniform marine fish.

snake /sneɪk/ snakes n
serpent
A legless reptile of the suborder Serpentes with a long, thin body and a fork-shaped tongue.
furet
A tool for unclogging plumbing.

snake /sneɪk/ v
serpenter
(intransitive) To follow or move in a winding route.

snake charmer snake charmers n
charmeur de serpent charmeur de serpents charmeuse de serpent charmeuse de serpents psylle
A performer who entertains crowds by performing tricks with dangerous snakes.

snake eagle snake eagles n
circaète
Any bird of prey in the Circaetinae subfamily, especially the Circaetus genus.

snake oil n
poudre de perlimpinpin
(idiomatic) A fraudulent, ineffective potion or nostrum; panacea.

snakehead snakeheads n
ophicéphale
(fish) A family of perciform fish native to Africa and Asia, Channidae.
passeur
(slang) A Chinese smuggler, especially one who smuggles people

snakelet snakelets n
serpenteau
A baby snake.

snakeling snakelings n
serpenteau
a small snake

snakess snakesses n
serpente
(rare, poetic) A female snake.

snaky /ˈsneɪki/ snakier snakiest adj
serpentin
Resembling or relating to snakes; snakelike.

snap /snæp/ snaps n
claquer
A quick breaking or cracking sound or the action of producing such a sound.
claquement de doigts
The act of snapping the fingers; making a sound by pressing a finger against the thumb and suddenly releasing to strike the hand.
instantané photo photographie
(informal) A photograph; a snapshot.

snap /snæp/ v
rompre
(intransitive, transitive) To fracture or break apart suddenly.
(transitive, dated) To speak to abruptly or sharply; to treat snappishly; usually with up.
claquer des doigts
(transitive) A video of a person snapping their fingers. Alternative snapping technique To snap one's fingers: to make a snapping sound, often by pressing the thumb and an opposing finger of the same hand together and suddenly releasing the grip so that the finger hits against the palm; alternatively, by bringing the index finger quickly down onto the middle finger and thumb.

snap election /ˌsnæp iˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ /ˌsnæp ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/ snap elections n
élections anticipées
(politics) An election that is called earlier than the regularly scheduled election time.

snap fastener snap fasteners n
bouton-pression
a pair of male/female interlocking disks used to fasten a piece of clothing in place of buttons

snap one's fingers v
claquer les doigts
To create a cracking or clicking sound with one’s fingers by building tension between the thumb and another finger (middle, index, or ring) and then moving that finger forcefully downward so it hits the thenar eminence of the same hand at a high speed.

snap up v
arracher
(transitive, colloquial) To buy quickly, usually because the item is a bargain or in short supply or something one has been searching for.

snapdragon /ˈsnæpdɹæɡən/ snapdragons n
gueule-de-loup gueule-de-lion
(countable) Any plant of the genus Antirrhinum, with showy yellow, white or red flowers.

snappish /ˈsnæpɪʃ/ more snappish most snappish adj
harneux
Likely to snap or bite.
hargneux
Exhibiting irritation or impatience; curt; irascible.

snappy /ˈsnæpi/ snappier snappiest adj
fissa
(informal) Rapid and without delay.

snapshot /ˈsnæpʃɒt/ snapshots n
instantané
A photograph, especially one taken quickly or in a sudden moment of opportunity.
A glimpse of something; a portrayal of something at a moment in time.

snare /snɛ(ə)ɹ/ /snɛə/ snares n
collet piège
A mental or psychological trap.
caisse claire
(music) A set of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin of a drum to create a rattling sound.

snare drum snare drums n
caisse claire
A tubular drum with skins stretched over the top and bottom, and having a set of chains that can be applied to the bottom skin to create a rattling sound.

snarl /ˈsnɑː(ɹ)l/ snarls n
embrouille sac de nœuds
A knot or complication of hair, thread, or the like, difficult to disentangle.

snarl /ˈsnɑː(ɹ)l/ v
grogner
(intransitive) To growl angrily by gnashing or baring the teeth; to gnarl; to utter grumbling sounds.

snatch /snæt͡ʃ/ snatches n
arraché
(weightlifting) A competitive weightlifting event in which a barbell is lifted from the platform to locked arms overhead in a smooth continuous movement.
bribe
A piece of some sound, usually music or conversation.

snatch /snæt͡ʃ/ v
arracher enlever saisir empoigner happer
(transitive) To grasp and remove quickly.
arracher piquer s'emparer de voler
(intransitive) To attempt to seize something suddenly.
(transitive, informal) To steal.
arracher
(transitive, informal, figurative, by extension) To take (a victory) at the last moment.

snath /snæθ/ snaths n
manche
The shaft of a scythe.

snazziness n
élégance
(informal) Elegance in manner of dress; stylishness; flashiness.

sneak /sniːk/ sneaks n
resquilleur
A cheat; a con artist.

sneak /sniːk/ v
faucher piquer resquiller
(intransitive) To creep or go stealthily; to come or go while trying to avoid detection, as a person who does not wish to be seen.
cacher dissimuler masquer planquer
(transitive, dated) To hide, especially in a mean or cowardly manner.

sneak in v
entrer en douce
To enter without being noticed.

sneaker /ˈsnikɚ/ sneakers n
basket espadrille tennis
(US, Atlantic Canada, Australia, New Zealand) An athletic shoe with a soft, rubber sole. A trainer.

sneakily more sneakily most sneakily adv
sournoisement
In a sneaky manner.

sneaky /ˈsniːki/ sneakier sneakiest adj
furtif insaisissable
Difficult to catch due to constantly outwitting the adversaries
sournois fourbe
Dishonest; deceitful.

sneer /snɪə̯/ /snɪɚ̯/ v
ricaner
(intransitive) To raise a corner of the upper lip slightly, especially in scorn

sneeze /sniːz/ sneezes n
éternuement atchoum
An act of sneezing.

sneeze /sniːz/ v
éternuer atchoumer
(intransitive) To expel air as a reflex induced by an irritation in the nose.

snicker /ˈsnɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪkɚ/ snickers n
ricanement
A stifled or broken laugh.

snicker /ˈsnɪk.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪkɚ/ v
ricaner
(intransitive) To emit a snicker, a stifled or broken laugh.

snide /snaɪd/ snider snidest adj
sarcastique
Disparaging or derisive in an insinuative way.
sarcastique trompeur
Tricky; deceptive; false; spurious; contemptible.

sniff /snəf/ /snɪf/ v
renifler
(ambitransitive) To make a short, audible inhalation, through the nose, as when smelling something.
sniffer
(slang, primarily, UK) To inhale drugs (usually cocaine) through the nose, usually in powder form.

sniffer dog sniffer dogs n
chien de détection
A police dog trained to sniff out illegal goods such as drugs or explosives.

sniffer plane sniffer planes n
avion renifleur
An airplane that supposedly could detect oil fields underground.

snifter /ˈsnɪftə(ɹ)/ snifters n
pipe à cognac verre à cognac
A pear-shaped glass for drinking brandy or other alcoholic beverages.

snigger /ˈsnɪɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪɡɚ/ sniggers n
ricanement
A sly or snide laugh.

snigger /ˈsnɪɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnɪɡɚ/ v
ricaner
(intransitive) To emit a snigger.

snip /snɪp/ snips n
tchac
(onomatopoeia) An act or sound of snipping, the sound produced by scissors.

snip /snɪp/ v
cisailler découper
To cut with short sharp actions, as with scissors.

snipe /snaɪp/ snipe snipes n
bécassine
Any of various limicoline game birds of the genera Gallinago, Lymnocryptes and Coenocorypha in the family Scolopacidae, having a long, slender, nearly straight beak.

snipe hunt /ˈsnaɪpˌhʌnt/ snipe hunts n
chasse au dahu
(idiomatic) A prank in which a gullible victim is sent off on a fruitless search for a nonexistent item.

sniper /ˈsnaɪ.pɚ/ snipers n
tireur isolé
franc-tireur
A person using long-range small arms for precise attacks from a concealed position.
Any attacker using a non-contact weapon against a specific target from a concealed position.

sniper rifle sniper rifles n
fusil de précision fusil à lunette
A long-range rifle, usually equipped with a telescopic sight and often a night vision device.

snippet /ˈsnɪpɪt/ [ˈsnɪpɪ̈(ʔ)t̚] snippets n
fragment
A small part of something, such as a song or fabric; sample.
snippet
(computing) A text file containing a relatively small amount of code, useless by itself, along with instructions for inserting that code into a larger codebase.

snitch /snɪt͡ʃ/ snitches n
voleur voleuse
(slang) A thief.
mouchard balance dénonciateur délateur indic indicateur
(slang) An informer, one who betrays their group.

snitch /snɪt͡ʃ/ v
balancer
(slang, intransitive) To inform on, especially in betrayal of others.
moucharder
(slang, intransitive) To contact or cooperate with the police for any reason.
voler piquer
(slang, dated, transitive) To steal, quickly and quietly.

snivel /ˈsnɪvəl/ snivels n
morve
Nasal mucus; snot.

snivel /ˈsnɪvəl/ v
chialer colloquial pleurnicher
(pejorative, intransitive) To cry while sniffling; to whine or complain while crying.

snob /snɑb/ /snɒb/ snobs n
snob
(informal, derogatory) A person who wishes to be seen as a member of the upper classes and who looks down on those perceived to have inferior or unrefined tastes. [from 20th c.]

snobbery snobberies n
snobisme
The property or trait of being a snob.

snobbish /ˈsnɒbɪʃ/ more snobbish most snobbish adj
snob snobinard
Having the property of being a snob; arrogant and pretentious; smugly superior or dismissive of perceived inferiors.

snobbishness snobbishnesses n
snobisme
(uncountable) The state or quality of being snobbish.

snog /snɒɡ/ v
peloter
(British, AU, colloquial) To kiss passionately.

snood /snuːd/ snoods n
pendeloque
The flap of erectile red skin on the beak of a male turkey.

snooker /ˈsnuːkə(ɹ)/ /ˈsnʊkɚ/ snookers n
billard snooker
A cue sport, popular in the UK and other Commonwealth of Nations countries.

snoop /snuːp/ snoops n
enquête investigation
The act of snooping.
fouine
One who snoops.
détective privé
A private detective.

snoop /snuːp/ v
espionner
To be devious and cunning so as not to be seen.
espionner fouiner
To secretly spy on or investigate, especially into the private personal life of others.

snoop around v
espionner
To snoop.

snooper /ˈsnuːpə(ɹ)/ snoopers n
fouineur
A person who snoops.

snoot /snuːt/ snoots n
cône spot
(theater, photography) A cylindrical or conical attachment used on a spotlight to restrict spill light.

snooze /snuːz/ snoozes n
roupillon
A brief period of sleep; a nap.

snooze /snuːz/ v
faire un somme faire une sieste piquer un roupillon

snore /sno(ː)ɹ/ /snoə/ /snɔɹ/ /snɔː/ snores n
ronflement
The act of snoring, and the noise produced.

snore /sno(ː)ɹ/ /snoə/ /snɔɹ/ /snɔː/ v
ronfler
To breathe during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.

snorer snorers n
ronfleur ronfleuse
A person who snores (or is snoring).

snoring /ˈsnɔːɹɪŋ/ snorings n
ronflement
The action or sound of breathing during sleep with harsh, snorting noises caused by vibration of the soft palate.

snorkel snorkels n
tuba prise d'air
(underwater diving) A hollow tube, held in the mouth, or mounted on and opening into a diving mask, used by swimmers for breathing underwater.

snort /snɔɹt/ snorts n
reniflement
The sound made by exhaling or inhaling roughly through the nose.

snort /snɔɹt/ v
renifler
(intransitive) To make a snort; to exhale roughly through the nose.
sniffer
(transitive, slang, originally, US) To inhale (usually a drug) through the nose.

snot /snɒt/ snots n
morve roupie
(informal, uncountable, sometimes, slightly, vulgar) Mucus, especially mucus from the nose.
morveux
(slang, countable) A contemptible child.

snot /snɒt/ v
moucher
(ambitransitive, informal) To blow, wipe, or clear (the nose).

snot-nosed more snot-nosed most snot-nosed adj
morveux
(idiomatic) Young and arrogant or conceited.

snotnose snotnoses n
morveuse morveux
One who is snot-nosed.

snotty snottier snottiest adj
morveux
Running or dirtied with snot.
impertinent
(informal) Ill-tempered or impertinent in an arrogant, conceited manner.

snout /snaʊt/ /snʌʊt/ snouts n
museau groin
The long, projecting nose, mouth, and jaw of a beast, as of pigs.
indic
(slang) A police informer.

snout moth snout moths n
pyrale
Any of various moths with a long proboscis, such as in the families Pyralidae and Pyraloidae, and the subfamily Hypeninae.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] snows n
neige chute de neige
(uncountable) The frozen, crystalline state of water that falls as precipitation.
neige
(uncountable) Any similar frozen form of a gas or liquid.
(countable) A snowfall; a blanket of frozen, crystalline water.
(uncountable) The moving pattern of random dots displayed on a television, etc., when no transmission signal is being received.
(uncountable, slang) Cocaine.
Marine snow
(informal, plural) Snow tires.
neige blanc comme neige
(uncountable) A shade of the color white.

snow /snoʊ/ /snəʊ/ [snoʊ̯] [snəʊ̯] v
neiger
(impersonal) To have snow fall from the sky.

snow bunting snow buntings n
bruant des neiges plectrophane des neiges
A finch, Plectrophenax nivalis, having white plumage, widely distributed in northern latitudes.

snow cannon snow cannons n
canon à neige
A machine that spurts out snow over pistes where there is little or no snow cover.

snow chain snow chains n
chaine de neige
A chain put on a wheel of a vehicle to give it more traction

snow cone snow cones n
glace pilée
(US) A confection of crushed ice covered with flavored syrup or fruit juice, usually served in a paper cone or a plastic glass.

snow fence snow fences n
paravalanche
A fence erected for the purpose of preventing windblown snow from drifting, e.g. onto a road or railway.

snow globe snow globes n
boule à neige
A decorative object or toy containing a model of a landscape, fluid and suspended white flakes that emulate snowfall when shaken.

snow goose snow geese n
oie des neiges oie blanche
A goose of the species Chen caerulescens, native to North America.

snow groomer snow groomers n
dameuse
A vehicle used to prepare snow for recreational uses, such as skiing.

snow kayaking n
kayak de neige kayak sur neige

snow leopard snow leopards n
once léopard des neiges
A large feline mammal, Panthera uncia (syn. Uncia uncia), native to mountain ranges of central Asia.

snow pea snow peas n
mangetout
A group of pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars, with flat and edible pods.

snow pentathlon snow pentathlons n
pentathlon des neiges
A five-leg five-sport race involving bicycling, running, cross-country skiing, ice skating, snowshoeing.

snow petrel snow petrels n
fulmar des neiges pétrel des neiges
A small, pure white fulmarine petrel with black underdown, coal-black eyes, small black bill and bluish gray feet.

snow scoop snow scoops n
pelle traîneau pelle-traîneau
manual snow removal tool with a large scoop and wide handle, used to move snow by pushing and sliding

snow shed /ˈsnoʊˌʃɛd/ /ˈsnəʊʃɛd/ snow sheds n
galerie pare-neige
(rail transport, road transport) A tunnel-like structure that provides roads and railroad tracks with protection from avalanches and heavy snowfalls that cannot be easily removed.

snow shovel snow shovels n
pelle à neige
A broad-bladed shovel designed specifically for the shovelling of snow.

snow-capped adj
au sommet couvert de neige au sommet enneigé enneigé
Covered with snow at the top, especially of a hill or mountain.

snow-covered more snow-covered most snow-covered adj
enneigé neigeux
Snowy; covered with snow.

snow-white adj
blanc immaculé
As white as snow; exceptionally white.

snowball /ˈsnoʊbɑl/ /ˈsnoʊbɔl/ /ˈsnəʊbɔːl/ snowballs n
boule de neige balle de neige
A ball of snow, usually one made in the hand and thrown for amusement in a snowball fight; also a larger ball of snow made by rolling a snowball around in snow that sticks to it and increases its diameter.

snowball effect snowball effects n
effet boule de neige
An accelerating growth of magnitude, including fame, fortune, importance, or danger.

snowball fight snowball fights n
bataille de boules de neige
A scuffle or play fight whose object is to hit opponents with snowballs.

snowberry snowberries n
symphorine

snowbird /ˈsnoʊbɝːd/ /ˈsnəʊbɜːd/ snowbirds n
junco ardoisé
A bird, Junco hyemalis, the dark-eyed junco.

snowblower snowblowers n
déneigeuse souffleuse
A motorized vehicle that picks up snow off the ground and blows it to one side in order to clear a path.

snowboard /ˈsnoʊˌbɔɹd/ /ˈsnəʊˌbɔːd/ snowboards n
snowboard planche à neige
A board, somewhat like a broad ski, or a very long skateboard with no wheels, used in the sport of snowboarding.

snowboard /ˈsnoʊˌbɔɹd/ /ˈsnəʊˌbɔːd/ v
faire de la planche faire du snowboard
To ride a snowboard.

snowboarder /ˈsnoʊˌbɔɹdɚ/ /ˈsnəʊˌbɔːdə/ snowboarders n
planchiste snowboardeur snowboardeuse
Someone who snowboards.

snowboot snowboots n
après-ski
A water-resistant type of footwear with extra insulation or lining.

snowcat snowcats n
chenillette
A truck-like enclosed vehicle on tracks, designed to move on snow.

snowdrift /ˈsnəʊdɹɪft/ snowdrifts n
congère
A bank of snow accumulated by the wind.

snowdrop /ˈsnoʊ.dɹɑp/ /ˈsnəʊ.dɹɒp/ snowdrops n
perce-neige
Any of the 20 species of the genus Galanthus of the Amaryllidaceae, bulbous flowering plants, bearing a solitary, pendulous, white, bell-shaped flower that appears, depending on species, between autumn and late winter or early spring, all native to temperate Eurasia.

snowed under more snowed under most snowed under adj
débordé
(idiomatic) Having a lot of things to do, usually work-related; tied up.

snowfall /ˈsnoʊfɔːl/ snowfalls n
chute de neige
An instance of falling of snow.

snowless adj
sans neige
Without snow, not having any snow

snowman /ˈsnoʊ.mæn/ /ˈsnəʊ.mæn/ snowmen n
bonhomme de neige
A humanoid figure made with large snowballs stacked on each other. Human traits like a face and arms may be fashioned with sticks (arms), a carrot (nose), and stones or coal (eyes, mouth).

snowmobile snowmobiles n
motoneige
(vehicle) A vehicle with skis at the front and a caterpillar track at the rear, used for travelling over snow, sometimes as sport.

snowmobiler snowmobilers n
motoneigiste
A person who operates a snowmobile.

snowplow snowplows n
chasse-neige déneigeuse charrue
A motorized vehicle that is used to push snow off flat surfaces such as roads and parking lots.
A device attached to a vehicle to enable it to be used for removing snow.
chasse-neige
(skiing, skating) A maneuver in which the tips of the skis or skates point inwards and the back ends point outwards.

snowshoe /ˈsnoʊʃu/ snowshoes n
raquette à neige raquette
A flat item of footwear worn to facilitate walking in deep snow.

snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/ snowstorms n
tempête de neige
Bad weather involving blowing winds and snow, or blowing winds and heavy snowfall amount.
boule à neige
A snow globe.

snowsuit snowsuits n
combinaison de ski
An all-in-one waterproof insulating garment.

snowy /snəʊi/ snowier snowiest adj
neigeux
Marked by snow, characterized by snow.

snowy owl snowy owls n
harfang harfang des neiges
A large, white, nomadic Arctic owl, Bubo scandiacus.

snub /snʌb/ snubs n
camouflet
A deliberate affront or slight.

snub /snʌb/ v
snober
(transitive) To slight, ignore or behave coldly toward someone.
(transitive) To turn down insultingly; to dismiss.

snub-nosed monkey snub-nosed monkeys n
rhinopithèque
Any monkey of the old-world genus Rhinopithecus.

snuff /snʌf/ snuffs n
tabac à priser snuff
Finely ground or pulverized tobacco intended for use by being sniffed or snorted into the nose.
A snort or sniff of fine-ground, powdered, or pulverized tobacco.

snuff /snʌf/ v
éteindre
To extinguish a candle or oil-lamp flame by covering the burning end of the wick until the flame is suffocated.

snuffbox snuffboxes n
tabatière
A small box or container to hold snuff or loose tobacco.

snuffle /snʌfəl/ snuffles n
reniflement
An act of snuffling; sniffing loudly.

snuffle /snʌfəl/ v
renifler
(intransitive) To sniff or smell with the nose loudly and audibly.

snug /snʌɡ/ snugger snuggest adj
confortable douillet
Warm and comfortable; cosy.

snuggle /ˈsnʌ.ɡəl/ v
se blottir se lover se pelotonner
(transitive, intransitive) To lie close to another person or thing, hugging or being cosy.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ more so most so adj
si tellement vraiment
As what was or will be mentioned.
(dated, UK, slang) Homosexual.
si tellement donc ainsi alors aussi
In that state or manner; with that attribute. A proadjective that replaces the aforementioned adjective phrase.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ adv
donc alors aussi ben du coup le
To the (explicitly stated) extent that.
alors ben du coup
To the (implied) extent.
(with as): To such an extent or degree; as.
si tellement vraiment
Very much.
ainsi alors afin que ben comme ça du coup
In a particular manner.
donc alors ben du coup
In the same manner or to the same extent as aforementioned; also.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ conjunction
ainsi afin que comme ça le pour que
Reduced form of 'so that', used to express purpose; in order that.
donc alors
With the result that; for that reason; therefore.
si tellement aussi vraiment
Used to connect previous conversation or events to the following question.
ainsi alors ben comme ça du coup
Used to introduce a rhetorical question.

so /soʊ/ /səʊ/ interjection
si tellement ainsi alors vraiment afin que
Used after a pause for thought to introduce a new topic, question or story, or a new thought or question in continuation of an existing topic.
si tellement donc ainsi alors vraiment
Used as a question to ask for further explanation of something said, often rhetorically or in a dismissive or impolite manner.
si tellement donc aussi alors vraiment
Used as a meaningless filler word to begin a response to a question.
si tellement vraiment
(archaic) Be as you are; stand still; used especially to cows; also used by sailors.

so be it phraseologicalUnit
ainsi soit-il qu'il en soit ainsi soit
(idiomatic, subjunctive) An indication of acceptance, especially of a situation which is not entirely favorable.

so far adv
jusqu'alors jusqu'à maintenant jusqu'à présent
(idiomatic) Until now; previously; yet.

so far so good proverb
jusqu'à présent, tout va bien
(idiom) Up to this point, all is OK.

so help me God phraseologicalUnit
que Dieu me vienne en aide
Used as an oath, a promise that an action will be carried out

so long interjection
salut à bientôt
(informal) Goodbye; a valediction used when leaving or departing from a person or place.

so many adj
tant

so much adj
tellement tant
To such a quantity, degree etc.

so much adv
tellement
To a certain degree or extent

so much for phraseologicalUnit
tant pis
(idiomatic) An expression of dismissiveness, disappointment, disregard, or resignation; something said upon rejecting, giving up on, quitting, or disposing of something.

so much so conjunction
à tel point que

so much the better phraseologicalUnit
tant mieux
That is or would be even better.

so that conjunction
pour que afin que de sorte que afin de
Indicates purpose; in order that, with the result that.

so to speak adv
en quelque sorte pour ainsi dire d'une certaine façon en un sens façon de parler
In a manner of speaking.

so what interjection
et alors
(colloquial, rhetorical question, impolite) A reply to an unimportant or irrelevant statement, indicating indifference on the part of the speaker.

so-and-so so-and-sos n
Machin Tartempion Trucmuche Untel chose ci et ça
A placeholder name for a person or thing, used when a name is not known; a generic person or thing.

so-called /ˈsoʊˌkɔld/ /ˈsəʊˌkɔːld/ adj
soi-disant dénommé prétendu
So named; commonly called.

so-so /ˈsəʊˌsəʊ/ /ˌsəʊˈsəʊ/ adj
comme ci comme ça couci-couça
(informal) Neither good nor bad; tolerable, passable, indifferent.

so-so /ˈsəʊˌsəʊ/ /ˌsəʊˈsəʊ/ adv
couci-couça comme ci comme ça
(informal) Neither very well nor very poorly.

soak /soʊk/ /səʊk/ v
tremper
(intransitive) To be saturated with liquid by being immersed in it.
faire tremper immerger
(transitive) To immerse in liquid to the point of saturation or thorough permeation.
éponger
(transitive) To allow (especially a liquid) to be absorbed; to take in, receive. (usually + up)

soaked /səʊkt/ more soaked most soaked adj
trempe trempé
Drenched with water, or other liquid.

soaking wet adj
trempé comme une soupe
(idiomatic) Extremely wet.
tout mouillé
(informal, of a person's weight) As a maximum; at most.

soap /soʊp/ /səʊp/ soaps n
savon
(countable, uncountable, informal, by extension) Some other substance, often a detergent or another surfactant, able to mix with both oil and water, used for cleaning.

soap /soʊp/ /səʊp/ v
savonner
(transitive, informal) To cover, lather, or in any other manner treat with soap, often as a prank.

soap bubble soap bubbles n
bulle de savon
A very thin film of soapy water that forms a sphere with an iridescent surface.

soap dish soap dishes n
porte-savon
A dish-like container to hold a bar of soap, often mounted to the wall of a bathroom.

soap opera soap operas n
feuilleton soap soap opera téléroman
(countable) A radio or television serial, typically broadcast in the afternoon or evening, about the lives of melodramatic characters, which are often filled with strong emotions, highly dramatic situations and suspense.

soapberry soapberries n
savonnier
Any woody plant of the Sapindaceae family, found chiefly in tropical climates, most commonly the genus Sapindus.

soapbox /ˈsəʊpbɒks/ soapboxes n
estrade tribune
(literally) A crate for packing soap.
(figuratively) Any physical or media platform which gives prominence to the person on it and the views they espouse.

soapbox car soapbox cars n
boîte à savon caisse à savon
A vehicle without a motor, often made from wood or other common household materials.

soapery soaperies n
savonnerie
A factory making soap

soapstone soapstones n
stéatite
(geology) A soft rock, rich in talc, also containing serpentine and either magnetite, dolomite or calcite.

soapwort soapworts n
saponaire
Any perennial herb of the genus Saponaria.

soar /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ soars n
essor
The act of soaring.
envol
An upward flight.

soar /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ v
planer
(intransitive) To fly high with little effort, like a bird.
To remain aloft by means of a glider or other unpowered aircraft.
s'élever monter
To mount upward on wings, or as on wings, especially by gliding while employing rising air currents.
grimper en flèche monter en flèche s'envoler s'élancer
To rise, especially rapidly or unusually high.

sob /sɑb/ /sɒb/ sobs n
sanglot
A cry with a short, sudden expulsion of breath.

sob /sɑb/ /sɒb/ v
sangloter
(intransitive) To weep with convulsive gasps.
dire en sanglotant
(transitive) To say (something) while sobbing.

sob story sob stories n
histoire larmoyante histoire à faire pleurer dans les chaumières
(idiomatic) A sad story, especially one intended to elicit sympathy.

soba /ˈsoʊbə/ /ˈsɐʉbɘ/ /ˈsəʊbə/ sobas n
soba
A Japanese buckwheat noodle.

sobbing /ˈsɑbɪŋ/ /ˈsɒbɪŋ/ adj
sanglotant sanglotante
That or who sobs.

sobbing /ˈsɑbɪŋ/ /ˈsɒbɪŋ/ sobbings n
sanglotement
Act of one who sobs; a crying or weeping.

sober /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/ soberer soberest adj
sobre
Not drunk; not intoxicated.
Not given to excessive drinking of alcohol.
(figurative) Moderate; realistic; serious; not playful; not passionate; cool; self-controlled.
(of color) Dull; not bright or colorful.

sober /ˈsoʊ.bɚ/ /ˈsəʊ.bə(ɹ)/ v
cuver
(often with, _, up) To overcome or lose a state of intoxication.

sober as a judge adj
sobre comme un chameau
(simile) Completely sober.

sober up v
dégriser désenivrer
To become sober; to cause to become sober.

sobornost n
sobornost
(philosophy, theology) A unity of people in loving fellowship.

sobriety /səˈbɹaɪ.ɪti/ sobrieties n
sobriété
The state or quality of being unhurried; a state of calm.
The quality or state of not being intoxicated.

sobriquet /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/ /ˈsoʊ.bɹɪ.kɛt/ /ˈsəʊ.bɹɪ.keɪ/ sobriquets n
sobriquet surnom familier
A familiar name for a person or thing; a nickname (sometimes assumed by the person, but often given by others), that is descriptive.

soccer /ˈsɑk.ɚ/ /ˈsɒk.ə/ n
football soccer
(historically, _, slang, now, standard) association football.

soccer field soccer fields n
terrain de football
A playing field on which the game of soccer is played.

sociability sociabilities n
sociabilité
The skill, tendency or property of being sociable or social, of interacting well with others.

sociable /ˈsoʊʃəbəl/ more sociable most sociable adj
sociable
(of a person) Tending to socialize or be social.

sociable lapwing sociable lapwings n
pluvier sociable
A plover, Vanellus gregarius.

social /ˈsoʊ.ʃəl/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl/ more social most social adj
social
Being extroverted or outgoing.
Of or relating to society.
(Internet) Relating to social media or social networks.

social Darwinism n
darwinisme social
(science) The theory that the laws of evolution by natural selection also apply to social structures.

social anxiety social anxieties n
anxiété sociale
A feeling of discomfort or fear in a social situation where one may be judged or evaluated by others.

social anxiety disorder social anxiety disorders n
anxiété sociale phobie sociale
(clinical psychology, psychiatry) The most common anxiety disorder, characterized by intense fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.

social capital n
capital social
The goodwill, sympathy, and connections created by social interaction within and between social networks.
The value created by social relationships, with expected returns in the marketplace.

social class social classes n
classe sociale
(social sciences) A class of people, based on social power, wealth or another criterion.

social climber social climbers n
arriviste grimpeur
(derogatory) One who tries to improve his or her social standing, especially by means of obsequious behaviour.

social conditioning n
conditionnement social

social construct social constructs n
construction sociale
(sociology) A social convention or perception, such as class or gender, used by a particular society to describe human behavior.

social contract social contracts n
contrat social
(philosophy, politics) An implicit agreement or contract among members of a society governing such matters as submission of individuals to the rule of law and acceptable conduct.

social credit n
crédit social
(politics, economics) a political and economic philosophy originated by C. H. Douglas which envisages an "aristocracy of producers, serving and accredited by a democracy of consumers".

social death n
mort sociale
(idiomatic) The alienation of certain people from society to the point of being forgotten, excluded, or ignored in society.

social democracy social democracies n
social-démocratie
(political) A moderate political philosophy or ideology that aims to achieve socialist (socialistic) goals within a democratic society and a liberal democracy such as by means of a strong welfare state and regulation of private industry.

social democrat social democrats n
social-démocrate
(politics) A supporter of social democracy, a political ideology in which a socialist system of government is achieved by democratic means.

social democratic more social democratic most social democratic adj
social-démocrate
(political) Of or pertaining to social democracy.

social distancing /ˈsoʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊʃəl ˌdɪstən(t)sɪŋ/ n
distanciation sociale distanciation physique éloignement physique éloignement social
(epidemiology) The practice of maintaining physical distance between people to reduce the spread of communicable diseases by isolating those with such diseases in quarantines, maintaining space between individuals, and prohibiting certain activities.

social housing n
logement social
(UK) Rental housing owned and managed by the government, non-profit organizations, or by a combination of the two, with the aim of providing affordable housing, often focusing on disadvantaged groups such as low-income earners, social-security recipients, the elderly and people with disabilities.

social insurance number social insurance numbers n
NAS numéro d'assurance sociale

social justice n
justice sociale
Fairness in society.

social justice warrior social justice warriors n
social justice warrior
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see social justice,‎ warrior; a social justice activist.

social life social lives n
vie sociale
An individual's interpersonal relationships with people within their immediate surroundings or general public.
Those public activities performed in association with others for the purpose of pleasure.

social media n
réseau social réseaux sociaux
applications or websites allowing users to communicate

social movement social movements n
mouvement social

social network social networks n
réseau social
(collective, sociology) A network of personal or business contacts, especially as facilitated by social networking on the Internet.
(internet) A service allowing users to manage and interact with their network of friends or contacts on the Internet.

social safety net social safety nets n
filet de sécurité sociale
(politics, social policy) A set of governmental programs, entitlements, or benefits providing citizens and residents with a minimum level of financial protection, food, access to public infrastructure, or medical services.

social science social sciences n
science sociale
A branch of science that studies the society and human behavior in it, including anthropology, communication studies, criminology, economics, geography, history, political science, psychology, social studies, and sociology.

social security n
sécurité sociale
A system whereby the state either through general or specific taxation provides various benefits to help ensure the wellbeing of its citizens.
Those benefits paid under such a system.

social security number social security numbers n
numéro de sécurité sociale
A corresponding number in other countries.

social skills n
relationnel sociabilité
The personal skills needed for successful social communication and interaction.

social status social statuses n
statut social
(sociology) One's position within a social hierarchy, one's social class along with any personal social advantages or disadvantages, one's value relative to society.

social studies n
éducation civique juridique et sociale
The study of history, geography, civics, sociology, economics, and other social-science subjects, especially in primary and secondary school.

social work n
travail social
Any of several professions concerned with providing social services to members of the community.

social worker social workers n
travailleur social travailleuse sociale
A person whose profession is social work.

socialism /ˈsoʊʃəlɪzəm/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ socialisms n
socialisme
(Marxism-Leninism) The intermediate phase of social development between capitalism and communism in Marxist theory in which the state has control of the means of production.
Any of a group of later political philosophies such democratic socialism and social democracy which do not envisage the need for full state ownership of the means of production nor transition to full communism, and which are typically based on principles of community decision making, social equality and the avoidance of economic and social exclusion, with economic policy giving first preference to community goals over individual ones.

socialism with a human face n
socialisme à visage humain
(politics, historical) The political programme of mild democratization and liberalization, established in socialist Czechoslovakia in 1968, that led to the Prague Spring.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ more socialist most socialist adj
socialiste
Of, relating to, supporting, or advocating socialism.

socialist /ˈsoʊ.ʃə.lɪst/ /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ socialists n
socialiste
One who supports or advocates socialism.

socialist party socialist parties n
parti socialiste
(politics) A political party which advocates socialist ideals.

socialist realism n
réalisme socialiste
(art) A Stalinist idealization of the dictatorship of the proletariat applied to art that used realistic techniques to show the struggle for socialism in a positive and optimistic manner.

socialistic more socialistic most socialistic adj
socialiste
Of or relating to socialism.

socialite /ˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪt/ socialites n
socialite
A person (often a woman) of social prominence, considered to be an influential figure.

socialization socializations n
socialisation
(sociology, psychology) The process of learning how to live in a way acceptable to one's own society, said especially about children.

socialize v
fréquenter des gens voir des gens
(intransitive) To interact with others
développer l'aspect social socialiser
(transitive) To instruct somebody, usually subconsciously, in the etiquette of a society

socially more socially most socially adv
socialement
In social contexts.

societal [səˈsaɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] [səˈsaɪ.ɪ.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.tɫ̩] [səˈsɑɪ.ə.ɾɫ̩] more societal most societal adj
sociétal
Of or pertaining to society or social groups, or to their activities, customs, etc.

societism n
sociétisme
A social philosophy that promotes the well-being of the group without sacrificing the significance of the individual.

society /səˈsaɪ.ə.ti/ societies n
société
(countable) A long-standing group of people sharing cultural aspects such as language, dress, norms of behavior and artistic forms.
(countable) A group of people who meet from time to time to engage in a common interest; an association or organization.
(uncountable) The people of one’s country or community taken as a whole.

socio-economic adj
socio-économique
Of or pertaining to a combination of social and economic factors.

socio-political adj
sociopolitique
Of or pertaining to a combination of social and political factors.

sociocracy /ˌsoʊsiˈɒkɹəsi/ /ˌsoʊʃiˈɒkɹəsi/ sociocracies n
sociocratie
A form of government in which the needs of everyone in a society are met.

sociocultural more sociocultural most sociocultural adj
socioculturel
Of or relating to both society and culture.

sociodicy sociodicies n
sociodicée
A justification (or similar discourse) of the nature of a particular society

sociogram sociograms n
sociogramme
A graphic representation of the structure of interpersonal relations in a group situation; a depiction of the social links that a person has.

sociography sociographies n
sociographie
(sociology) The branch of sociology that concentrates on the descriptive analysis of social phenomena.

sociolect /-si-/ /-sɪ-/ /ˈsoʊ.ʃi.əˌlɛkt/ /ˈsoʊ.ʃəˌlɛkt/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃə(ʊ).lɛkt/ /ˈsəʊ.ʃɪ.ə(ʊ).lɛkt/ sociolects n
sociolecte
(sociolinguistics) The variant of language used by a social group such as a socioeconomic class, an ethnic group, an age group, etc.

sociolinguistics /ˌsoʊsi.oʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊsi.əʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ /ˌsəʊʃjəʊlɪŋˈɡwɪstɪks/ n
sociolinguistique
(linguistics) The study of social and cultural effects on language and vice-versa.

sociological adj
sociologique
Of or pertaining to sociology.

sociologically adv
sociologiquement
In reference to sociology.

sociologist sociologists n
sociologue
A scientist studying the field of sociology; a social scientist.

sociology /ˌsəʊsiːˈɒlədʒiː/ /ˌsəʊʃiːˈɒlədʒiː/ sociologies n
sociologie
A social science that studies society, human social interaction, patterns of social relationships, and the interactions of culture. Through both theory and applied research, it engages subject matters across a range of microanalysis, mesoanalysis, and macroanalysis.

sociometric adj
sociométrique
Relating to sociometry or to sociometrics

sociometry sociometries n
sociométrie
The quantitative study of social interactions, and the measurement of preferences etc.

sociopath /ˈsoʊ.si.oʊˌpæθ/ /ˈsoʊ.si.əˌpæθ/ sociopaths n
sociopathe
A person with an antisocial personality disorder.

sock /sɑk/ /sɒk/ socks sox n
chaussette bas
A knitted or woven covering for the foot.
socque
(historical, uncommon) Synonym of soccus, a light shoe worn by Ancient Greek and Roman comedic actors.

sock puppet sock puppets n
poupée de chiffon marionnette
A puppet made from a sock placed over a hand.
faux-nez marionnette
(Internet, pejorative) An alternative pseudonymous online account, especially one used for abuse.

socket /ˈsɑkɪt/ /ˈsɒkɪt/ sockets n
prise douille
(mechanics) An opening into which a plug or other connecting part is designed to fit (e.g. a light bulb socket).
capsule cavité orbite
(anatomy) A hollow into a bone which a part fits, such as an eye, or another bone, in the case of a joint.
socket
(computing) One endpoint of a two-way communication link, used for interprocess communication across a network.

sockeye salmon sockeye salmon n
saumon rouge
A salmon of the species Oncorhynchus nerka.

socle /ˈsoʊkəl/ socles n
socle
(architectural element) A low plinth or pedestal used to display a statue or other artwork.

socred socreds n
créditiste
(uncountable, politics) social credit political philosophy
(countable, politics) a person who subscribes to the social credit political philosophy

sod /sɑd/ /sɒd/ /sɔd/ sods n
bougre
(Britain, Ireland, vulgar) Sodomite; bugger. (Out dated)
(Britain, Ireland, mildly, _, vulgar) Any trifling amount, a bugger, a damn, a jot.
gazon
(uncountable) Turf grown and cut specifically for the establishment of lawns.

sod /sɑd/ /sɒd/ /sɔd/ v
gazonner
To cover with sod.

sod all n
que dalle
(mildly, vulgar, slang) Nothing.

soda /ˈsoʊdə/ /ˈsəʊdə/ sodas n
soda liqueur boisson gazeuse carbonate de soude eau pétillante soude
(uncountable) Carbonated water (water impregnated with pressurised carbon dioxide, originally made with sodium bicarbonate).

soda ash n
carbonate de sodium
industrial-grade sodium carbonate

soda pop soda pops n
soda
(US, regional) Any of several sweetened, carbonated beverages.

soda siphon soda siphons n
siphon
A stout glass bottle containing soda water under pressure, at one time found in bars. A lever-operated valve at the top is used to dispense the liquid.

soda water soda waters n
eau soude eau gazeuse eau pétillante
Carbonated water, water that has carbon dioxide dissolved in it and has been stored under pressure in a bottle. Usually mixed before drinking with another beverage.

sodality /soʊˈdæl.ɪ.ti/ /səʊˈdæl.ɪ.ti/ sodalities n
sodalité
A fraternity, a society or association.

sodden /ˈsɑ.dən/ /ˈsɒ.dən/ more sodden most sodden adj
mouillé trempé
Soaked or drenched with liquid; soggy, saturated.
bourré saoul
(figuratively) Drunk; stupid as a result of drunkenness.

sodium /ˈsoʊ.di.əm/ /ˈsəʊ.dɪəm/ sodiums n
sodium
The chemical element (symbol Na) with an atomic number of 11 and atomic weight of 22.990. It is a soft, waxy, silvery, reactive alkali metal that is never found unbound in nature.

sodium acetate trihydrate n
acétate de sodium trihydrate

sodium benzoate sodium benzoates n
benzoate de sodium
(chemistry) The sodium salt of benzoic acid.

sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonates n
bicarbonate de soude bicarbonate de sodium
(chemistry) A salt of sodium hydroxide and carbonic acid, NaHCO3.
bicarbonate
This salt used in cooking as a raising agent, as an antacid, a cleaner, etc.

sodium bromide n
bromure de sodium
(inorganic compound) The sodium salt of hydrobromic acid (chemical formula NaBr)

sodium chloride sodium chlorides n
chlorure de sodium
(inorganic compound) Common table salt, a compound composed of equal number of sodium and chlorine atoms. Chemical formula TemplateParserError:LuaError.

sodium hydroxide n
hydroxyde de sodium
(inorganic compound) A strong, caustic alkali (NaOH) used in the manufacture of soap, detergents, paper, textiles and having many other industrial applications.

sodium stearate sodium stearates n
stéarate de sodium
(chemistry) The sodium salt of stearic acid; a constituent of soap.

sodium sulfate n
sulfate de sodium
(inorganic compound) The sodium salt of sulfuric acid, Na2SO4; it is a mild laxative (as Glauber's salt), and is used in the manufacture of paper, detergents and many other products.

sodium thiosulfate n
thiosulfate de sodium
An inorganic compound that is typically available as the pentahydrate, Na2S2O3·5H2O. It is used in iodometry, photographic processing, gold extraction, etc.

sodomise /ˈsɒdəmaɪz/ v
sodomiser
(transitive) To engage in sodomy with (someone); to engage in anal (or, rarely, oral) sex as the penetrator (especially without consent).
(transitive) To engage in sexual intercourse with (an animal), to engage in bestiality.

sodomist sodomists n
sodomiste
A person who practices sodomy.

sodomite sodomites n
sodomite
(derogatory) One who practices sodomy; a sodomist.

sodomy /ˈsɒdəmi/ sodomies n
sodomie enculade
Any of several forms of sexual intercourse held to be unnatural, particularly bestiality or homosexuality, but also (sometimes) anal or oral sex.
(in particular) Anal sex.

sofa /ˈsoʊfə/ /ˈsəʊfə/ sofas n
canapé sofa
(furniture, chiefly, UK, India) An upholstered seat with a raised back and one or two raised ends, long enough to comfortably accommodate two or more people.

sofa-bed /ˈsoʊfəbɛd/ sofa-beds n
canapé-lit clic-clac divan-lit
A sofa that unfolds into a bed.

soffit /ˈsɑ.fɪt/ /ˈsɒf.ɪt/ soffits n
soffite
(architectural element) The visible underside of an arch, balcony, beam, cornice, staircase, vault or any other architectural element.

soft /sæft/ /sɑft/ /sɒft/ /sɔft/ /sɔːft/ softer softest adj
douce doux
mou doux molle
Easily giving way under pressure.
(of cloth or similar material) Smooth and flexible; not rough, rugged, or harsh.

soft c /sɒft siː/ /sɔft si/ soft cs n
c doux

soft drink soft drinks n
soda boisson gazeuse
Any non-alcoholic drink that is carbonated, and usually also sweet. (In this sense, juice, milk, tea and coffee are not soft drinks.)

soft drug soft drugs n
drogue douce

soft g soft gs n
g doux

soft landing soft landings n
atterrissage en douceur
(countable, aeronautics) A landing that does not result in the destruction of the payload and/or the vehicle.

soft mutation soft mutations n
lénition mutation adoucissante
(linguistics) An alteration of the initial consonant of a word which occurs in certain Celtic languages under particular linguistic circumstances; lenition.

soft palate soft palates n
voile du palais palais mou
(anatomy) The soft tissue at the back of the roof of the mouth.

soft power soft powers n
puissance douce soft power
(politics) Political influence that is extended by means of diplomacy, media, international assistance, cultural exchanges, etc., rather than by such "hard" means as military intervention or punitive economic measures.

soft serve soft serves n
glace italienne
A frozen dessert or snack, similar to ice cream but softer, as a result of air being introduced during freezing.

soft sign /ˌsɒftˈsaɪn/ /ˌsɔftˈsaɪn/ soft signs n
signe mou
The Cyrillic letter Ь/ь (transliterated in English with an apostrophe (’) or prime (′)), which in modern languages using the Cyrillic alphabet serves to denote a soft (palatized) consonant.

soft soap soft soaps n
savon noir
Jellyish soap made by cooking natural oils and fats with potassium hydroxide

soft spot /sɑft spɑt/ /sɒft spɒt/ /sɔft spɑt/ /sɔft spɔt/ /sɔːft spɒt/ soft spots n
faible
(idiomatic) A sentimental fondness or affection.
point faible
A point of vulnerability in a defence.

soft toy soft toys n
peluche nounours toutou
(Britain, Australia) A toy made of a soft material, usually stuffed with cotton, straw, beans, or other materials, and typically intended as a plaything for children.

soft underbelly soft underbellies n
ventre mou
(idiomatic) A weak spot; a soft spot.

soft water soft waters n
eau douce
(chemistry) Water with a low concentration of dissolved minerals, especially calcium, making it easier to lather with soap.

soft-boiled adj
à la coque
(of a boiled egg) cooked to a soft consistency with the yolk still runny
sentimental
softhearted or sentimental

soft-pedal /ˈsɑf(t)-/ /ˈsɔf(t) ˌpɛdəl/ /ˌsɒf(t)ˈpɛdl̩/ v
mettre la pédale douce
(figuratively) To reduce the force or impact of (something); to damp, to mute; especially, to minimize the less desirable aspects of (something); to play down, to tone down.

softball softballs n
balle-molle softball
(sports) A game similar to baseball but played with a larger and softer ball which can be thrown overhand or underhand.
softball
(sports) The ball used to play the sport.

softcore pornography n
pornographie soft soft
A form of pornography where the sexual acts are relatively unexplicit.

soften /ˈsɑf(t)ən/ /ˈsɒfən/ /ˈsɔf(t)ən/ v
adoucir
(transitive) To make something soft or softer.

softly /ˈsɑftli/ /ˈsɒftli/ /ˈsɔftli/ more softly most softly softlier softliest adv
doucement
In a soft manner; gently.

softness /ˈsɑftnəs/ /ˈsɒftnəs/ /ˈsɔftnəs/ softnesses n
douceur
The quality of being soft.

software /ˈsɑftˌwɛɹ/ /ˈsɒf(t)ˌwɛə/ /ˈsɔf(t)ˌweː/ /ˈsɔftˌwɛɹ/ n
logiciel
(computing) Encoded computer instructions, usually modifiable (unless stored in some form of unalterable memory such as ROM).

software architect software architects n
architecte logiciel
(computing) An architect (not to be confused with a designer) of software based on technology, who prepares plans and superintends construction of that software.

software architecture n
architecture logicielle
(software) The set of structures needed to reason about a given software system.

software engineer software engineers n
ingénieur informaticien
One who designs and implements software solutions.

software engineering n
génie logiciel
The subfield of engineering concerned with applying a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.

software framework software frameworks n
cadriciel
(computing) an abstraction used in software development to provide generic functionality for application-specific software.

softwood softwoods n
conifère

soggy /ˈsɒɡi/ soggier soggiest adj
trempé
Soaked with moisture or other liquid.

soggy biscuit n
jeu de la biscotte

soigneur /swæ-/ /swɑ-/ /swɑː-/ /swʌnˈjɜː/ /swʌnˈjɝ/ soigneurs n
soigneur soigneuse
(cycle racing) A non-riding member of a racing team whose role is to provide support (such as massages, supplies, and transportation) for the cyclists.

soil /sɔɪl̩/ [sɔɪ̯ɫ̩] soils n
souillure
(uncountable, euphemistic) Faeces or urine etc. when found on clothes.
terre sol
(uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic material on the immediate surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.
(uncountable) The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that has been subjected to and shows effects of genetic and environmental factors of: climate (including water and temperature effects), and macro- and microorganisms, conditioned by relief, acting on parent material over a period of time. A product-soil differs from the material from which it is derived in many physical, chemical, biological, and morphological properties and characteristics.
terre territoire
Country or territory.

soil /sɔɪl̩/ [sɔɪ̯ɫ̩] v
salir souiller
(transitive) To make dirty.
To make invalid, to ruin.

soil fertility soil fertilities n
fertilité des sols
(horticulture) The ability of a soil to sustain plant growth.

soil oneself v
chier dans sa culotte chier dans son froc faire dans sa culotte se chier dessus
(euphemistic) To lose control of one's bowels and accidentally defecate on oneself.

soil science n
pédologie
The scientific study of the formation, classification, mapping, and the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil.

soiled /ˈsɔɪld/ /ˈsɔɪəld/ more soiled most soiled adj
souillé sale
dirty

soiree /ˌswɑːˈɹeɪ/ soirees n
soirée
A formal evening party.

sojourn /soʊˈd͡ʒɝn/ /ˈsoʊd͡ʒɚn/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒɜːn/ /ˈsəʊd͡ʒɜːn/ sojourns n
séjour
A short stay somewhere.

sojourn /soʊˈd͡ʒɝn/ /ˈsoʊd͡ʒɚn/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɒd͡ʒɜːn/ /ˈsəʊd͡ʒɜːn/ v
séjourner
(intransitive) To reside somewhere temporarily, especially as a guest or lodger.

sol /soʊl/ /sɑl/ /sɒl/ /sɔl/ /səʊl/ n
sol
In a movable-do or tonic sol-fa system: the fifth step in a scale, preceded by fa and followed by la.

sol /sɑl/ /sɒl/ /sɔl/ sols n
sol
(physical chemistry) A type of colloid in which a solid is dispersed in a liquid.

solace /ˈsɑ.lɪs/ /ˈsɒl.ɪs/ /ˈsɔl.ɪs/ solaces n
consolation réconfort
A source of comfort or consolation.

solace /ˈsɑ.lɪs/ /ˈsɒl.ɪs/ /ˈsɔl.ɪs/ v
consoler soulager
(transitive) To give solace to; comfort; cheer; console.

solanine solanines n
solanine
(organic compound) A poisonous glycoalkaloid found in many species of the nightshade family Solanaceae, including potato and tomato.

solar /ˈsoʊlɚ/ /ˈsəʊlə/ adj
solaire
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun

solar calendar solar calendars n
calendrier solaire
A calendar based on the movement of the Earth around the Sun, which defines the year. Dates indicate the position of the Earth during this revolution.

solar cell solar cells n
cellule photovoltaïque
A semiconductor device that converts the radiant energy of sunlight into electrical energy

solar constant n
constante solaire
The amount of incoming solar radiation per unit area, measured on the outer surface of Earth's atmosphere, in a plane perpendicular to the rays.

solar day solar days n
jour solaire
(astronomy) One day of solar time; the time in which a planet such as Earth apparently rotates once around its axis relative to the Sun; the time taken for the Sun to seem to be in the same place in the sky twice (on Earth about 24 hours as an average - the length of solar day is not constant throughout the year)

solar eclipse /ˈsoʊlɚ ɪˈklɪps/ /ˈsəʊlə ɪˈklɪps/ solar eclipses n
éclipse solaire
(astronomy) A phenomenon occurring when the Moon passes between the Earth and the sun.

solar energy n
énergie solaire
Energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation emitted from the Sun; especially that part of this energy that is converted into usable thermal or electrical energy by man.

solar flare solar flares n
éruption solaire
(astronomy) A violent explosion in the Sun's atmosphere.

solar mass solar masses n
masse solaire
(astronomy) A unit, equal to the mass of the sun, used to express the mass of other stars etc. 1 M☉ = 2 × 1030 kg.

solar panel solar panels n
panneau solaire
An array of connected solar cells

solar plexus solar plexus solar plexuses n
plexus cœliaque plexus solaire
(anatomy) A complex network of nerves and ganglia, located within the abdomen behind the stomach.

solar prominence solar prominences n
protubérance solaire
(astronomy) Any of the large eruptions of luminous hydrogen gas that rise thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere of the Sun.

solar radiation n
irradiation solaire
(astronomy) All the electromagnetic radiation and subatomic particles radiated from the Sun, especially that part that reaches the Earth

solar system /ˈsoʊ.lɚ ˌsɪs.təm/ /ˈsəʊl.ə ˌsɪs.təm/ solar systems n
système solaire
Any collection of heavenly bodies including a star or binary star, and any lighter stars, brown dwarfs, planets, and other objects in orbit.

solar thermal collector solar thermal collectors n
capteur solaire thermique

solar wind solar winds n
vent solaire
(astronomy) The outflow of charged particles from the solar corona into space. Because of the high temperature of the particles of the corona, they are moving at speeds higher than the solar escape velocity.

solastalgia /ˌsɒləsˈtæld͡ʒə/ n
solastalgie
A form of homesickness experienced when one has not moved, but one's environment has changed.

solatium /səˈleɪʃi.əm/ solatia n
pretium doloris solatium doloris
(legal) A form of compensation for emotional rather than physical or financial harm.

sold out adj
complet épuisé
(business) Completely sold; no more (of a particular item) in stock.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ solders n
soudure
Any of various easily-melted alloys, commonly of tin and lead, that are used to mend, coat, or join metal objects, usually small.

solder /ˈsoʊ.dɚ/ /ˈsɑd.ɚ/ /ˈsɒl.də(ɹ)/ /ˈsɔ.dɚ/ /ˈsəʊl.də(ɹ)/ v
souder
to join items together, or to coat them with solder

soldering /ˈsɑdəɹɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊdəɹɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊld(ə)ɹɪŋ/ solderings n
soudure
A method of joining two metallic surfaces by melting an alloy between them.

soldering iron soldering irons n
fer à souder
A hand-held tool with a heated tip, used to melt and apply solder.

soldier /ˈsoʊld͡ʒɚ/ /ˈsɒld͡ʒə/ /ˈsəʊld͡ʒə/ soldiers n
soldat soldate
A member of a ground-based army, of any rank, but especially an enlisted member.
mouillette
(British, AU, New Zealand) A piece of buttered bread (or toast), cut into a long thin strip for dipping into a soft-boiled egg.

soldier of fortune soldiers of fortune n
mercenaire
A non-commissioned soldier willing to serve any state or person who will hire him.
(figuratively, by extension) A person willing to work for or ally himself with any person or institution who will take him on.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] adj
seul unique
Only.
célibataire
(legal) Unmarried (especially of a woman); widowed.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] soles n
semelle plante du pied
(footwear) The bottom of a shoe or boot.
sole
(fish) Solea solea, a flatfish of the family Soleidae.
plante du pied plante
The bottom of the body of a plough; the slade.

sole /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [sɒʊɫ] v
semeler
(transitive) to put a sole on (a shoe or boot)

sole custody n
garde monoparentale
(legal) An arrangement whereby only one parent has physical and legal custody of a child while the other parent has visitation rights.

sole trader sole traders n
auto-entreprise
(business) A type of enterprise or proprietorship which is owned by one person who is fully liable for the company's debts and fulfilment of contracts with his/her personal wealth unless incorporated.

solecism /ˈsoʊlɪsɪzəm/ /ˈsɑləsɪzəm/ /ˈsɒlɪsɪzəm/ [ˈsoʊlɨsɪzəm] solecisms n
solécisme
(grammar) Error in the use of language.

solely /ˈsoʊl.li/ /ˈsəʊl.li/ adv
exclusivement seulement uniquement
Alone; exclusively.

solemn /ˈsɑləm/ /ˈsɒləm/ more solemn most solemn solemner solemnest adj
solennel
Characterized by or performed with appropriate or great ceremony or formality.

solemnity /səˈlɛmnɪti/ solemnities n
solennité
An instance or example of solemn behavior; a rite or ceremony performed with reverence.
(Catholicism) A feast day of the highest rank celebrating a mystery of faith such as the Trinity, an event in the life of Jesus, the Virgin Mary, or another important saint.

solenoid /ˈsoʊlɪnɔɪd/ /ˈsɒlɪnɔɪd/ solenoids n
solénoïde
(physics) A coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current flows through it.

solfatara solfataras solfatare n
soufrière
An area of volcanic activity that gives off sulfurous steam. [from 18th c.]

solfège /sɒlˈfeɪʒ/ /sɒlˈfɛʒ/ solfèges n
solfège
(music) A method of sight singing that uses the syllables do (originally ut), re, mi, fa, sol (or so), la, and si (or ti) to represent the seven principal pitches of the scale, most commonly the major scale. The fixed-do system uses do for C, and the moveable-do system uses do for whatever key the melody uses (thus B is do if the piece is in the key of B). The relative natural minor of a scale may be represented by beginning at la.

solicitation /səˌlɪsɪˈteɪʃən/ solicitations n
sollicitation
the action or instance of soliciting; petition; proposal

solicitor /səˈlɪstə/ /səˈlɪsɪtə/ /səˈlɪsɪtɚ/ solicitors n
avoué
avocat
In English Canada and in parts of Australia, a type of lawyer who historically held the same role as above, but whose role has in modern times been merged with that of a barrister.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ more solid most solid adj
solide
(of an object or substance) That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm. Unlike a liquid, gas or plasma.
(of volumes of materials) Measured as a single solid, as the volumes of individual pieces added together without any gaps.
massif
Large in size, quantity, or value.
plein solide
Lacking holes, hollows or admixtures of other materials.
plein
Hearty; filling.
(printing, dated) Not having the lines separated by leads; not open.
continu en un seul mot
(typography) Written as one word, without spaces or hyphens.

solid /ˈsɑ.lɪd/ /ˈsɒl.ɪd/ solids n
solide
(chemistry) A substance in the fundamental state of matter that retains its size and shape without need of a container (as opposed to a liquid or gas).
(geometry) A three-dimensional figure (as opposed to a surface, an area, or a curve).

solid angle solid angles n
angle solide
(geometry) The three-dimensional analog of an angle, equivalent to the area of that portion of the surface of a unit sphere that it subtends.

solid of revolution solids of revolution n
solide de révolution
A solid produced by taking a particular two-dimensional curve and rotating it through 360° about an axis. The curve will sweep out a surface, and the region inside the surface defines a solid.

solidarity /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ti/ /ˌsɒl.ɪˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ /ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ti/ [ˌsɑ.ləˈdæɹ.ɾi] [ˌsɔl.əˈdæɹ.ə.ɾi] solidarities n
solidarité
(countable) A bond of unity or agreement between individuals, united around a common goal or against a common enemy, such as the unifying principle that defines the labor movement; mutual support within a group.
(uncountable) Willingness to give psychological and/or material support when another person is in a difficult position or needs affection.

solidarize v
solidariser
(intransitive) To show solidarity (with or against).

solidify /səˈlɪdəˌfaɪ/ v
solidifier
(transitive) To make solid; convert into a solid body.
(intransitive) To become solid; to freeze, set.

solidity /səˈlɪdɪti/ solidities n
solidité
The state or quality of being solid.

solidly more solidly most solidly adv
solidement
In a solid or firm manner.

solidus /ˈsɑlɪdəs/ /ˈsɒlɪdəs/ solidi soliduses n
soldius
(historical) The weight of the Roman gold coin, 1/60 of a Roman pound under Diocletian or 1/72 lb. (about 4.5 grams) after Constantine.

soliflor soliflors n
soliflore
A vase designed to hold a single flower

soliloquy /səˈlɪləkwi/ soliloquies n
soliloque
(drama) The act of a character speaking to themselves so as to reveal their thoughts to the audience.
monologue soliloque
(authorship) A speech or written discourse in this form.

solipede /ˈsɒlɪˌpiːd/ solipedes n
solipède
(zoology, obsolete) A mammal having a single hoof on each foot; a solidungulate.

solipsism /ˈsɑlɪpsɪzm/ solipsisms n
solipsisme vanité
Self-absorption, an unawareness of the views or needs of others; self-centeredness; egoism.

solipsist solipsists n
solipsiste
One who adheres to self-absorption and an ignorance of the views or needs of others.

solitaire /ˈsɑ.ləˌtɚ/ /ˈsɒl.ɪˌtɛə(ɹ)/ more solitaire most solitaire adj
solitaire
living or being alone; solitary

solitaire /ˈsɑ.ləˌtɚ/ /ˈsɒl.ɪˌtɛə(ɹ)/ solitaires n
dronte de Rodriguez solitaire de Rodriguez
An extinct bird, related to the dodo, Pezophaps solitaria Rodrigues solitaire), that lived on the island of Rodrigues.
Solitaire dronte de la Réunion ibis de la Réunion solitaire de la Réunion
An extinct bird formerly believed to be related to the dodo, more precisely Réunion solitaire, Raphus solitarius, now preferably Réunion ibis, Threskiornis solitarius.
solitaire
One of several American species of bird in the genus Myadestes in the thrush family.
A single gem, usually a diamond, mounted in a piece of jewellery by itself.

solitariness /ˈsɒlɪt(ə)ɹɪnəs/ solitarinesses n
solitarisme
The state or quality of being solitary.

solitary /ˈsɑlɪtɛɹi/ /ˈsɒlɪtɹi/ adj
solitaire seul
Living or being by oneself; alone; having no companion present

solitary /ˈsɑlɪtɛɹi/ /ˈsɒlɪtɹi/ solitaries n
solitaire
(countable) One who lives alone, or in solitude; an anchorite, hermit or recluse.

solitary confinement solitary confinements n
isolement carcéral mitard
Forced isolation in a small space and the denial of contact with other persons, usually as a form of punishment for a prison inmate.

solitary sandpiper solitary sandpipers n
chevalier solitaire
Tringa solitaria, a small wading bird.

soliton solitons n
soliton

solitude /ˈsɑlɪˌtud/ /ˈsɒlɪˌtjuːd/ solitudes n
solitude
Aloneness; the state of being alone, solitary, or by oneself.

solo /ˈsoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ/ adj
solo solitaire
Without a companion or instructor.
solo
(music) Of, or relating to, a musical solo.

solo /ˈsoʊ.loʊ/ /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ/ soli solos n
solo
(music) A piece of music for one performer.
A job or performance done by one person alone.

soloist soloists n
soliste
A person who performs a solo.

solonchak solonchaki solonchaks n
solontchak
A pale or grey soil found in arid to subhumid conditions with poor drainage.

solstice /ˈsoʊl.stɪs/ /ˈsɑl.stɪs/ /ˈsɒl.stɪs/ /ˈsəʊl.stɪs/ solstices n
solstice
One of the two points in the ecliptic at which the sun is furthest from the celestial equator. This corresponds to one of two days in the year when the day is either longest or shortest.

solstitial /sɒlˈstɪʃəl/ adj
solsticial
Pertaining to a solstice.

solubility solubilities n
solubilité
The condition of being soluble.
(chemistry) The amount of a substance that will dissolve in a given amount of a solvent, to give a saturated solution, under specified conditions.

soluble /ˈsɑljəbəl/ /ˈsɒljʊbəl/ more soluble most soluble adj
soluble
Able to be dissolved.

solute /ˈsɒljuːt/ solutes n
soluté
Any substance that is dissolved in a liquid solvent to create a solution

solution /səˈl(j)uːʃən/ solutions n
solution
A homogeneous mixture, which may be liquid, gas or solid, formed by dissolving one or more substances.
An act, plan or other means, used or proposed, to solve a problem.
An answer to a problem.

solutionist solutionists n
solutionniste

solvable adj
soluble
résoluble
Capable of being solved.
(obsolete) Capable of being dissolved or liquefied.

solvate v
solvater
(chemistry) To form such a complex upon solution

solvated adj
solvaté
(chemistry) Combined with molecules of a solvent.

solve /sɑlv/ /sɒlv/ /sɔlv/ v
résoudre solutionner régler oplosse
To find an answer or solution to a problem or question; to work out.
üstünü açmaq
to find out the perpetrator, the motive etc (of crime)

solvency solvencies n
solvabilité
(finance) The state of having enough funds or liquid assets to pay all of one's debts; the state of being solvent.

solvency margin solvency margins n
marge de solvabilité

solvent [ˈsɒlvənt] adj
solvable
(finance) Able to pay all debts as they become due, and having no more liabilities than assets.

solvent [ˈsɒlvənt] solvents n
solvant dissolvant
A fluid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.

solver solvers n
résolveur
One who or that which solves.

solyanka solyankas n
solianka
A thick, spicy and sour soup in Russian and Ukrainian cuisine.

som soms n
som

somatic adj
somatique
Part of, or relating to the body of an organism.

somatic cell somatic cells n
cellule somatique
(cytology) Any normal cell of an organism that is not involved in reproduction; a cell that is not on the germline.

somatogenesis n
somatogenèse

sombre /ˈsɑmbɚ/ /ˈsɒmbə/ sombrer sombrest adj
sombre
Dark; gloomy; shadowy, dimly lit.
Dull or dark in colour or brightness.
Melancholic, gloomy, dreary, dismal; grim.
Grave; extremely serious.

sombre tit sombre tits n
mésange lugubre
Poecile lugubris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

sombrero /soʊmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /sɑmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ /səmˈbɹɛɹ.oʊ/ sombreros n
sombréro
A kind of hat with a high conical or cylindrical crown and a saucer-shaped brim, highly embroidered, made of plush felt.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] adv
environ quelque
Of a measurement: approximately, roughly.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] determiner
certains certain des
A certain proportion of, at least two.
quelques quelque
An unspecified quantity or number of.
du la
An unspecified amount of (something uncountable).
quelconque
A certain, an unspecified or unknown.

some /sɐm/ /səm/ /sʊm/ /sʌm/ [säm] [sɐm] pronoun
quelques certains quelque
A certain number, at least two.
de la du des
An indefinite quantity.
de la des du
An indefinite amount, a part.

some old determiner
bien
(US, idiomatic, informal) Some, some unspecified or yet-undetermined one (especially for emphasis).

somebody /ˈsʌmbɑdi/ /ˈsʌmbədi/ /ˈsʌmbədɪ/ /ˈsʌmbʌdi/ pronoun
quelqu'un
Some unspecified person.

someday adv
un jour
Sometime; at some unspecified time in the future.

somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv
d'une façon ou d'une autre quelque part
In one way or another; in a way not yet known or explained; by some means

someone /ˈsʌmwʌn/ pronoun
quelqu'un
One or some person of unspecified or indefinite identity.

someone else pronoun
[[quelqu'un]] [[d']]autre
Some other person.

someone's pronoun
quelqu'un

someone's luck is in phraseologicalUnit
avoir une touche
(in particular) Someone is the object of another person's sexual attraction.

somersault /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɑlt/ /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɒlt/ /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)ˌsɔːlt/ somersaults n
galipette salto saut périlleux
Starting on one's feet, an instance of rotating one's body 360 degrees while airborne or on the ground, with one's feet passing over one's head.

something /ˈsʌm.θɪŋ/ [sʌˑɪŋ] [sʌ̃ː] [ˈsɐm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌ(m)ʔm̩] [ˈsʌm̥(p)θɪŋ] [ˈsʌn̪̥θɪŋ] [ˈsʌɾ̃ɪŋ] pronoun
quelque chose
An uncertain or unspecified thing; one thing.
(colloquial, of a person) A talent or quality that is difficult to specify.

something is rotten in the state of Denmark phraseologicalUnit
il y a quelque chose de pourri au royaume du Danemark
(idiomatic) Something is not right, seriously amiss, especially when leading to suspicion of motive.

sometime /ˈsʌmˌtaɪm/ adv
un jour ou l’autre
At an indefinite but stated time in the past or future.

sometimes /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ adv
parfois quelquefois tantôt
On certain occasions, or in certain circumstances, but not always. [from 16th c.]

somewhat /ˈsʌmwɒt/ /ˈsʌmwʌt/ adv
quelque peu assez
To a limited extent or degree; not completely.

somewhere /ˈsʌm.hweːɹ/ /ˈsʌm.wɛə/ /ˈsʌm.wɛɹ/ /ˈsʌm.wɛː/ /ˈsʌm.ʍɛə/ /ˈsʌm.ʍɛɹ/ adv
quelque part
In an uncertain or unspecified location.
To an uncertain or unspecified location.
At some unspecified point.

somewhere else adv
ailleurs autre part
In or at some other place.
ailleurs
To some other place.

sommelier /ˌsɒmˈmɛli.ə/ /ˌsɔməlˈjeɪ/ /ˌsɔːməlˈjeɪ/ sommeliers n
sommelier sommelière
The member of staff at a restaurant who keeps the wine cellar and advises the guests on a choice of wines; a wine steward / stewardess, a wine waiter / waitress / server.

somnambulate /sɑmˈnæm.bjuˌleɪt/ /sɑmˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ /sɒmˈnæm.bjʊ.leɪt/ /səmˈnæm.bjəˌleɪt/ v
somnambuler
(intransitive) To walk while sleeping.

somnambulism /sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪzəm/ somnambulisms n
somnambulisme
sleepwalking

somnambulist [sɒmˈnæmbjʊlɪst] somnambulists n
somnambule
A person who walks about in their sleep; a sleepwalker.

somnolence /ˈsɑm.nə.ləns/ somnolences n
somnolence

somnologist somnologists n
somnologue
One who specializes in somnology, the study or treatment of sleep disorders.

somnology n
somnologie
(medicine) The clinical study and treatment of sleep disorders and irregularities.

son /sɒn/ /sʌn/ sons n
fils
One's male offspring.
A male adopted person in relation to his adoptive parents.
A male person who has such a close relationship with an older or otherwise more authoritative person that he can be regarded as a son of the other person.
A familiar address to a male person from an older or otherwise more authoritative person.

son of a bitch sons of a bitch sons of bitches n
fils de pute fils de putain
(pejorative, slang, vulgar) An objectionable, despicable person.
saloperie
(pejorative, slang, vulgar) Any objectionable thing.

son of a gun interjection
ça alors
(euphemistic) Used to express anger, contempt, disgust, astonishment, disappointment, etc.

son of a whore sons of whores n
fils de pute fils de putain
(pejorative, slang) An objectionable person.

son-in-law /ˈsʌnɪnˌlɔː/ son-in-laws sons-in-law n
beau-fils gendre
The husband of one's child.

sonar /ˈsoʊ.nɑːɹ/ sonars n
sonar
(nautical) A device that uses hydrophones (in the same manner as radar) to locate objects underwater.

sonata /soʊˈneɪtə/ /səˈnɑːtə/ sonatas n
sonate
(music) A musical composition for one or a few instruments, one of which is frequently a piano, in three or four movements that vary in key and tempo.

sonata form n
forme sonate structure sonate
(music) A form of classical music consisting of a single movement divided into three main sections, the exposition, development and recapitulation, sometimes followed by a coda.

sonatina sonatinas sonatine n
sonatine
A musical composition resembling a sonata but shorter or simpler.

song /sɑŋ/ /sɒŋ/ /sɔŋ/ songs n
chanson chant
A musical composition with lyrics for voice or voices, performed by singing.

song sparrow song sparrows n
bruant chanteur
Melospiza melodia, a medium-sized American sparrow.

song thrush song thrushes n
grive musicienne
A songbird in the thrush family, found across Eurasia (Turdus philomelos).

songbird /ˈsɑŋˌbɝd/ /ˈsɒŋˌbɜːd/ /ˈsɔŋˌbɝd/ songbirds n
oiseau chanteur
A bird having a melodious song or call.

songbook songbooks n
chansonnier
A book containing songs.

songster /ˈsɒŋstɚ/ songsters n
chanteur
A man who sings songs, especially as a profession; a male singer.

songstress /ˈsɑŋɡ.stɹɪs/ songstresses n
chanteuse
A female singer.

songwriter songwriters n
auteur-compositeur auteure-compositrice autrice-compositrice
(music) A musician who composes songs; especially writing the song's lyrics and/or creating a melody or a tune for the song.

sonic /ˈsɒnɪk/ adj
sonique sonore
Of or relating to sound.

sonic boom sonic booms n
bang sonique
(physics, aerodynamics) The audible effect of a shock wave in the air, especially one caused by an aircraft flying faster than the speed of sound.

sonify v
sonifier
To map data to sound in order to allow listeners to interpret it in an auditory manner.

sonless adj
sans fils

sonly sonlier sonliest adj
filial
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of a son.

sonnet /ˈsɒnɪt/ /ˈsʌnɪt/ sonnets n
sonnet
A fixed verse form of Italian origin consisting of fourteen lines that are typically five-foot iambics and rhyme according to one of a few prescribed schemes.

sonny /ˈsʌni/ sonnies n
fiston
(dated) A familiar form of address for a boy. [1833]

sonogram /ˈsɑnəˌɡɹæm/ /ˈsəʊ.nəˌɡɹæm/ sonograms n
échogramme
a medical image produced by ultrasound echo

soon /sun/ /suːn/ sooner soonest adv
bientôt
Within a short time; quickly.

sooner or later adv
tôt ou tard à un moment ou à un autre
(set phrase) Eventually, at some undetermined time in the not-too-distant future.

soot /suːt/ /sʊt/ /sʌt/ soots n
suie
Fine black or dull brown particles of amorphous carbon and tar, produced by the incomplete combustion of coal, oil etc.

soothe /suːð/ v
apaiser
(transitive) To restore to ease, comfort, or tranquility; relieve; calm; quiet; refresh.
apaiser calmer
(transitive) To calm or placate someone or some situation.
soulager
(transitive) To ease or relieve pain or suffering.

soothing /ˈsuːðɪŋ/ more soothing most soothing adj
apaisant pacifiant rassurant
Tending to soothe.
apaisant
Giving relief.
Freeing from fear or anxiety.

soothsayer /ˈsuːθˌseɪə/ /ˈsuθˌseɪɚ/ soothsayers n
devin prophète prophétesse
One who attempts to predict the future, using magic, intuition or intelligence; a diviner.

sooty /ˈsʊti/ /ˈsʌti/ sootier sootiest adj
fuligineux
Of, relating to, or producing soot.

sooty-headed bulbul sooty-headed bulbuls n
bulbul cul d'or
Pycnonotus aurigaster, a bird of the bulbul family Pycnonotidae, of southeastern Asia.

sophism sophisms n
sophisme
(countable) A flawed argument, superficially correct in its reasoning, usually designed to deceive.

sophisticated more sophisticated most sophisticated adj
cosmopolite
Of a person: having obtained worldly experience, and lacking naiveté; cosmopolitan, worldly-wise.
sophistiqué raffiné chic mondain
Of art or other things: appealing to the tastes of an intellectual or sophisticated (sense 1) person; cerebral; also, cultured, elegant, refined.
sophistiqué
Complicated, especially of complex technology.

sophistication /səˌfɪs.tɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/ sophistications n
sophistication

sophomore /ˈsɑfmɔɹ/ /ˈsɒf(ə)mɔɹ/ /ˈsɒfmɔɹ/ /ˈsɒfəmɔː/ /ˈsɔfmɔɹ/ sophomores n
étudiant de deuxième année étudiante de deuxième année
(US, Philippines) A second-year undergraduate student in a college or university, or a second-year student in a four-year secondary school or high school.

sophrological more sophrological most sophrological adj
sophrologique
Of or relating to sophrology.

sophrologist sophrologists n
sophrologue
someone who practices sophrology

sophrology n
sophrologie
A technique consisting of a set of physical and mental exercises for reducing stress and promoting well-being.

soporific /ˌsoʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɑp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɒp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsəʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ more soporific most soporific adj
soporifique
(pharmaceutical effect) Tending to induce sleep.

soporific /ˌsoʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɑp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsɒp.əˈɹɪf.ɪk/ /ˌsəʊ.pəˈɹɪf.ɪk/ soporifics n
somnifère
(pharmaceutical drug) Something inducing sleep, especially a drug.

soppy /ˈsɒpi/ soppier soppiest adj
mièvre
(figurative) Overly sentimental, maudlin, schmaltzy.

soprano /səˈpɹænoʊ/ soprani sopranoes sopranos n
soprano
The musical part higher in pitch than alto, typically encompassing the range of the treble clef.

soprano saxophone soprano saxophones n
saxophone soprano
A member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments that is smaller than the alto saxophone but larger than the sopranino saxophone, with a range of A♭3 to E6 or similar.

sorb /soːb/ /sɔɹb/ /sɔːb/ sorbs n
sorbier
Any of various related trees, including the wild service tree, S. torminalis, and the rowan, S. aucuparia.
sorbe corme
The fruit of any of these trees, especially of the service tree.

sorbet /sɔɹˈbeɪ/ /ˈsɔːbeɪ/ sorbets n
sorbet
Frozen fruit juice, sometimes mixed with egg whites, eaten as dessert or between courses of a meal.

sorbitol /ˈsɔɹ.bɪˌtɔl/ /ˈsɔː.bɪ.tɒl/ sorbitols n
sorbitol

sorcerer /ˈsɔɹ.sɚ.ɚ/ /ˈsɔːsəɹə(ɹ)/ sorcerers sorceress n
sorcier sorcière
(mythology, folklore, fantasy) A magician or wizard, sometimes specifically male.

sorcerer's apprentice sorcerer's apprentices n
apprenti-sorcier

sorceress sorceresses n
sorcière
A female sorcerer, especially one who is elegant; compare witch.

sorcery /ˈsɔɹ.sə.ɹi/ /ˈsɔː.sə.ɹi/ sorceries n
sorcellerie
Magical power; the use of witchcraft or magic arts.

sordid /ˈsɔɹdɪd/ /ˈsɔː.dɪd/ sordider sordidest adj
crapuleux
saleté
Dirty or squalid.
sordide
Morally degrading.
avide
Grasping; stingy; avaricious.

sordine sordines n
sourdine
A mute for musical instruments. For example, the mute instrument for the violin or the damper on the pianoforte.

sore /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ sorer sorest adj
douloureux
Causing pain or discomfort; painfully sensitive.
désespérant pénible
Dire; distressing.

sore /so(ː)ɹ/ /soə/ /sɔɹ/ /sɔː/ sores n
plaie
An injured, infected, inflamed or diseased patch of skin.

sore loser sore losers n
mauvais perdant
(informal) One who complains or blames others for one's loss; one who is easily angered by losing a game or contest, or because of some other misfortune or bad luck.

sore throat sore throats n
mal de gorge angine maux de gorge
(pathology, uncountable) The same, as a common symptom for many viral and bacterial infections.

sorghum /ˈsɔ(ɹ).ɡəm/ sorghums n
sorgho sorgo
A cereal, Sorghum genus and species, the grains of which are cultivated to make flour and feed cattle. Almost all cultivated ones as well as some wild ones belong to the species Sorghum bicolor (syn. Sorghum vulgare).

sororal /səˈɹɔːɹəl/ adj
sororal sororel sœur
Of or pertaining to a sister.

sororicide sororicides n
sororicide
The killing of one's sister.
A person who kills his or her sister.

sorority sororities n
sororité
(US) A social organization of female students at a college or university; usually identified by Greek letters.

sororize /ˈsɒɹəɹaɪz/ v
sororiser
To associate, or hold fellowship, as sisters; to have sisterly feelings.

sorption sorptions n
sorption
(sciences) Either of the processes of absorption and adsorption; sorbing.

sorrel /ˈsɒɹəl/ /ˈsɔɹəl/ sorrels n
oseille
Any of various plants with acidic leaves, especially
alezan
A brown colour, with a tint of red.

sorrow /ˈsɑɹ.oʊ/ /ˈsɒɹ.əʊ/ /ˈsɔɹ.oʊ/ sorrows n
chagrin peine
(uncountable) unhappiness, woe

sorrowful /ˈsɑɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɑɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəfəl/ /ˈsɒɹəʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹoʊfəl/ /ˈsɔɹɐʉfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹɘfɘl/ /ˈsɔɹəfəl/ more sorrowful most sorrowful adj
douloureux triste
exhibiting sorrow; dejected; distraught; sad. (of a person)
attristant
Producing sorrow; causing grief.

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ sorrier sorriest adj
en tren de regretter regretter
(of a person) Regretful or apologetic for one's actions.
désolé navré
(of a person) Grieved or saddened, especially by the loss of something or someone.
piteux
Poor, pitifully sad or regrettable.

sorry /ˈsɑɹ.i/ /ˈsɒ.ɹi/ /ˈsɔɹ.i/ interjection
pardon désolé excusez-moi je m'excuse excuse-moi navré
Expresses regret, remorse, or sorrow.
pardon comment excuse-moi excusez-moi hein quoi
Used as a request for someone to repeat something not heard or understood clearly.
désolé pardon
Used to correct oneself in speech.

sorry I'm late phraseologicalUnit
désolé, je suis en retard
Used to apologise for not arriving on time.

sorry, we don't accept credit cards phraseologicalUnit
désolé, nous n'acceptons pas les cartes de crédit
(This entry is a translation hub.)

sort /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ sorts n
genre type acabit
A general type.
(mathematics) A type.
type
(informal) A person evaluated in a certain way (bad, good, strange, etc.).
tri triage
An act of sorting.
tri
(computing) An algorithm for sorting a list of items into a particular sequence.

sort /sɔɹt/ /sɔːt/ v
trier classer sasser
(transitive) To separate items into different categories according to certain criteria that determine their sorts.
trier ranger
(intransitive) To suit; to fit; to be in accord; to harmonize.

sort of /ˈsɔɹt əv/ /ˈsɔːt əv/ [ˈsɔɹɾəv] [ˈsɔːt əv] [ˈsɔːʔ əv] [ˈsətəv] adv
en quelque sorte partiellement plus ou moins
(idiomatic, colloquial) Approximately; in a way; partially; not quite; somewhat.

sort out v
résoudre
(transitive) To fix (a problem).
trier
(transitive) To organise or separate into groups, as a collection of items, so as to make tidy.

sorta /ˈsɔɹtə/ /ˈsɔːtə/ [ˈsɔɹɾə] [ˈsɔːtə] adv
en un sens partiellement
(informal)

sortie /ˈsɔɹti/ /ˈsɔːti/ [-ɾi] sorties n
sortie
(aviation) An operational flight carried out by a single military aircraft.

sorting sortings n
classement classification

sortkey sortkeys n
clé de tri

sot /sɒt/ sots n
sot
(archaic) stupid person; fool

soteriological /səʊtɪəɹɪə(ʊ)ˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ more soteriological most soteriological adj
sotériologique
(theology) Pertaining to soteriology.

soteriology /səʊtɪəɹɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ soteriologies n
sotériologie
(theology) The study or doctrine of salvation.

sotto voce /ˌsɑtoʊ ˈvoʊtʃi/ /ˌsɒtəʊ ˈvəʊtʃeɪ/ adv
à mi-voix tout bas
(of speech, of a voice, etc) Quietly.

soufflé /suːˈfleɪ/ /ˈsuːfleɪ/ soufflés n
soufflé
A baked dish made from beaten egg whites and various other ingredients.

sough /saʊ/ /sʌf/ soughs n
murmure
A murmuring sound; rushing, rustling, or whistling sound.

soul /soʊl/ /sɐʉl/ /səʊl/ [so̞ːɫ] [sɒʊɫ] souls n
âme
(religion, folklore) The spirit or essence of a person usually thought to consist of one's thoughts and personality, often believed to live on after the person's death.
Life, energy, vigor.
A person, especially as one among many.
soul
(music) Soul music.

soul music n
soul
(music genre) A genre of music that originated in black American gospel, characterized by the use of secular lyrics, and an earthy, intensely emotional style.

soul patch soul patches n
mouche
A narrow beard descending from the lower lip, above the chin.

soulmate soulmates n
âme sœur
Someone, especially a romantic partner, with whom one is exceptionally or uniquely compatible or has a special, almost spiritual connection.

sound /saʊnd/ sounder soundest adj
sain
Healthy.
complet solide sûr
Complete, solid, or secure.

sound /saʊnd/ sounds n
son
A sensation perceived by the ear caused by the vibration of air or some other medium.
A vibration capable of causing such sensations.
sonde
(medicine) A long, thin probe for sounding or dilating body cavities or canals such as the urethra; a sonde.

sound /saʊnd/ v
exprimer
sonder tester
To ascertain, or to try to ascertain, the thoughts, motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try; to test; to probe.
avoir l'air sonner
(intransitive) To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey intelligence by sound.
sonner de prononcer
(transitive) To cause to produce a sound.

sound asleep adj
dormir à poings fermés
(idiomatic) Sleeping still and silently.

sound barrier sound barriers n
mur du son
(uncountable) Sonic barrier, the sudden increase in drag (resistance) and other effects experienced by moving objects when their speed approaches that of sound or becomes supersonic (which used to be considered a barrier to higher speeds).
mur anti-bruit
(countable) A noise barrier, a structure beside a highway designed to reduce the noise of traffic.

sound bite /ˈsaʊndbaɪt/ sound bites n
clip sonore

sound box sound boxes n
caisse de résonance
(music) The open chamber (resonator) of a stringed musical instrument, which intensifies its tone.

sound card sound cards n
carte son
(computer hardware) A computer hardware device used for generating and capturing sounds.

sound effect sound effects n
bruitage effet sonore
An artificially created or enhanced sound, used to accompany the action of a dramatic production, such as a film, play or video game

sound engineer sound engineers n
ingénieur du son
One who practices sound engineering.

sound isolation n
isolation acoustique isolation phonique
(sound, headphones) the property of blocking off outside sound through use of materials that reduce sound transmission from the exterior environment into the interior environment

sound law /ˈsaʊnd lɑ/ /ˈsaʊnd lɔ/ /ˈsaʊnd lɔː/ sound laws n
loi phonétique
(phonology) A rule that describes historical sound change (the change in pronunciation of a given sound or cluster of sounds) in the development of a language. [from 19th c.]

sound plural sound plurals n
pluriel externe
In Semitic and other Afro-Asiatic languages, a regular plural formed by adding a suffix, without changes to the stem. An example in Arabic is , the plural form of , formed by adding the suffix ـُونَ, and مُسْلِمَاتٌ, formed by adding the suffix ـَاتٌ.

sound post sound posts n
âme
(lutherie) A wooden rod located inside the body of a violin-family instrument, close to the treble-side bridge foot.

sound wave sound waves n
onde sonore onde acoustique
(physics) The longitudinal wave of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material; audible sound.

soundboard soundboards n
console de mixage table de mixage
(audio engineering) A mixing console used to combine and blend different audio sources to a single output.

sounding board sounding boards n
table d'harmonie
A thin board that forms part of the resonating chamber of a musical instrument and serves to reinforce its sound.

soundly /ˈsaʊnd.lɪ/ more soundly most soundly adv
fortement solidement
In a thorough manner; in manner free of defect or deficiency.

soundproof more soundproof most soundproof adj
insonorisé
Not allowing sound through.

soundproof v
insonoriser
To make resistant to transmitting sound.

soundproofing soundproofings n
insonorisation
Something that prevents sound from traveling through it, such as is put on walls so adjacent areas are not disturbed by noise.
The act of installing material to dampen sound.

sounds like a plan phraseologicalUnit
d'accord ça marche ça roule ça roule, ma poule
(informal) Used to indicate agreement with a proposed suggestion.

soundscape /saʊndskeɪp/ soundscapes n
soundscape

soundtrack soundtracks n
bande son piste sonore
A narrow strip running down a movie film that carries the recorded sound in synchronization with the pictures.
bande son
The sound (especially the music) component of a movie, video game, etc.
bande originale de film musique de film
A recording of such music for sale.

soup /sup/ /suːp/ soups n
soupe potage velouté
(countable) A serving of such a dish, typically in a bowl.
(uncountable) The liquid part of such a dish; the broth.
panade pétrin
(UK, informal, often with "the") An unfortunate situation; trouble, problems (a fix, a mess); chaos.

soup kitchen soup kitchens n
soupe populaire
A place set up to provide soup and other basic food as a charity or in time of disaster.

soup up v
débrider
(informal, transitive) To modify the engine of (a motor vehicle) to give a higher performance than the specifications.

soupspoon soupspoons n
cuillère à soupe
A spoon for eating soup, typically smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a dessert spoon, characterised by having a round bowl rather than the usual oval bowl of other types of spoon.

soupspoonful soupspoonfuls soupspoonsful n
cuillère à soupe
The amount that may be held by a soupspoon.

souq /suːk/ /suːq/ souqs n
souk
A street market, particularly in Arabic- and Somali-speaking countries; a place where people buy and sell goods.

sour /ˈsaʊə/ /ˈsaʊɚ/ sourer sourest adj
tourné rance
Made rancid by fermentation, etc.
aigre sur acerbe acariâtre rance revêche
Tasting or smelling rancid.
acariâtre acerbe revêche
(of a person's character) Hostile or unfriendly.
Unfortunate or unfavorable.

sour cherry sour cherries n
griotte
Species of Prunus subg. Cerasus, (cherries), native to much of Europe and southwest Asia, especially, Prunus cerasus, Prunus pseudocerasus, and Prunus cerasoides.
griotte morelle
The fruit of these trees, often used for cooking.

sour cream sour creams n
crème aigre fromage blanc
Cream which has been treated with a benign bacterium to turn it slightly sour, often used as a condiment, or a topping for baked potatoes.

sour milk sour milks n
lait aigre lait fermenté
A kind of dairy product produced by causing raw milk to somewhat congeal by addition of acid or fermentation through bespoke acidification cultures.

source /so(ː)ɹs/ /soəs/ /suːɹs/ /sɔɹs/ /sɔːs/ /sʊɹs/ sources n
source
The person, place, or thing from which something (information, goods, etc.) comes or is acquired.
A reporter's informant.
(electronics) The name of one terminal of a field effect transistor (FET).

source /so(ː)ɹs/ /soəs/ /suːɹs/ /sɔɹs/ /sɔːs/ /sʊɹs/ v
sourcer
To obtain or procure: used especially of a business resource.

source code source codes n
code source source sources
(programming) Human-readable instructions in a programming language, to be transformed into machine instructions by a compiler, assembler or other translator, or to be carried out directly by an interpreter.

source criticism n
critique des sources

source document source documents n
pièce justificative
(accounting) A document that provides official notification of a credit or debit to an account, such as a bank statement, bill of sale, invoice, receipt, etc.

source language source languages n
langue source langue de départ
(linguistics, translation studies) The language from which a translation is done.

sourdough /ˈsaʊəˌdəʊ/ /ˈsaʊɚˌdoʊ/ sourdoughs n
levain
(obsolete) Leaven; an agent that makes dough rise.

sourish more sourish most sourish adj
aigrelet
Somewhat sour.

soursop /ˈsaʊəɹˌsɒp/ soursops n
corossolier
A small tropical evergreen tree, Annona muricata.
corossol
The tart, spiny, yellow-green fruit of this tree.

sousaphone sousaphones n
soubassophone
A valved brass instrument with the same length as a tuba, but shaped differently so that the bell is above the head, that the valves are situated directly in front of the musical instruments and a few inches above the waist, and that most of the weight rests on one shoulder.

soutane soutanes n
soutane
A long gown with sleeves and buttons at the front, particularly when worn by Roman Catholic clerics.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ adj
sud méridional austral
Of or pertaining to the south; southern.

south /saʊθ/ /suːθ/ /sæoθ/ /sʌʊθ/ souths n
sud midi
The direction towards the pole to the right-hand side of someone facing east, specifically 180°, or (on another celestial object) the direction towards the pole lying on the southern side of the invariable plane.
The southern region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction to the right-hand side of a person facing the altar.
(figurative) down or the negative direction
(physics) The negative or south pole of a magnet

south by east n
sud-quart-sud-est
The compass point halfway between south and south-southeast, specifically 168.75°, abbreviated as SbE.

south by west n
sud-quart-sud-ouest
The compass point halfway between south and south-southwest, specifically 191.25°, abbreviated as SbW.

south pole south poles n
pôle Sud
The southernmost point on celestial bodies other than Earth.
pôle sud
(electromagnetism) The negative pole of a magnetic dipole that seeks geographic south.

south wind /ˌsaʊθ ˈwɪnd/ south winds n
vent du sud
A wind blowing from the south. [from 10th c.]

south-southeast n
sud-sud-est
The compass point halfway between southeast and south; specifically at a bearing of 157.5°.

south-southwest n
sud-sud-ouest
The compass point halfway between south and southwest; specifically at a bearing of 202.5°.

southbound adj
en direction du sud
Which is (or will be) travelling south.

southeast southeasts n
sud-est
The intercardinal compass point halfway between east and south; specifically at a bearing of 135°.

southeast by east n
sud-est-quart-est
The compass point halfway between southeast and east-southeast, specifically 123.75°, abbreviated as SEbE.

southeast by south n
sud-est-quart-sud
The compass point halfway between southeast and south-southeast, specifically 146.25°, abbreviated as SEbS.

southeasterly more southeasterly most southeasterly adj
sud-est
(chiefly, of a wind) coming from the southeast

southeastern adj
sud-oriental
Of or pertaining to the southeast.

southern /ˈsaʊðɚn/ /ˈsʌðən/ /ˈsʌðɚn/ more southern most southern adj
austral méridional sud sudiste
Of or pertaining to a southern region, especially Southern Europe or the southern United States.

southern black tit southern black tits n
mésange nègre
Melaniparus niger, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

southern lights n
aurore australe
The aurora of the southern hemisphere. [from 18th c.]

southerner southerners n
sudiste habitant du sud habitante du sud
A native or inhabitant of the south of a region (or of the world as a whole), such as the United Kingdom.

southernize v
méridionaliser

southpaw /ˈsaʊθˌpɑ/ /ˈsaʊθˌpɔː/ southpaws n
gaucher gauchère
(informal, idiom) One who is left-handed, especially in sports.

southwest /saʊˈwɛst/ /saʊθˈwɛst/ southwests n
sud-ouest
The intercardinal compass point halfway between south and west; specifically at a bearing of 225°.

southwest by south n
sud-ouest-quart-sud
The compass point halfway between southwest and south-southwest, specifically 213.75°, abbreviated as SWbS.

southwest by west n
sud-ouest-quart-ouest
The compass point halfway between southwest and west-southwest, specifically 236.25°, abbreviated as SWbW.

southwester southwesters n
suroît
A strong wind blowing from the southwest.
(more often sou'wester) A waterproof hat, often of oilskin and with a long brim at the back covering the neck, designed to repel wind and rain.

southwestern adj
sud-occidental

souvenir /ˈsu.vəˌnɪɹ/ /ˌsoʊ.vəˈnɪ.ə/ /ˌsu.vəˈnɪɹ/ /ˌsuːvəˈnɪə/ souvenirs n
souvenir
An item of sentimental value, that is given or kept to remember an event or location.

souvlaki /suːvˈlæki/ /suːvˈlɑki/ souvlakia souvlakis n
souvlaki souvláki

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ more sovereign most sovereign adj
souverain
Exercising power of rule.

sovereign /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹɪn/ /ˈsɒv.ɹɪn/ sovereigns n
souverain
A monarch; the ruler of a country.
One who is not a subject to a ruler or nation.
A gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling but in practice used as a bullion coin.
A very large champagne bottle with the capacity of about 25 liters, equivalent to 33+1⁄3 standard bottles.

sovereign state sovereign states n
État souverain
A state (country) which has sovereignty over a defined geographic area, is independent of any other country, and has its own government.

sovereigntist sovereigntists n
souverainiste souveraintiste
(Canada, politics) A supporter of political independence for Quebec from Canada.

sovereignty /-ɹɪn-/ /ˈsɑv(ə)ɹənti/ /ˈsɒvɹənti/ [-ɾi] sovereignties n
souveraineté
(by extension) Of a nation or other polity: the state of being able to control resources, make laws independently, and otherwise govern itself without the coercion or concurrence of other polities.

soviet /ˈsoʊ.vi.ət/ /ˈsɒ.vi.ət/ /ˈsəʊ.vi.ət/ soviets n
soviet
(historical) A workers' council, an institution first formed during the 1905 Russian Revolution and then instituted as the main form of communist government at all levels in the Soviet Union; by extension, a similar organization in early Chinese communism and elsewhere.

sovkhoz sovkhozes sovkhozy n
sovkhoze
A large, state-owned farm in the Soviet Union.

sovnarkhoz sovnarkhozes sovnarkhozy n
sovnarkhoze
(historical) Any of the regional economic councils of the Soviet Union, which were created in 1957.

sow /saʊ/ sows swine n
truie
A female pig.
A female guinea pig.

sow /soʊ/ /səʊ/ v
semer
(ambitransitive) To scatter, disperse, or plant (seeds).

sow one's wild oats v
jeter sa gourme
(by extension, often, of young adults or the recently divorced) To indulge in a period of irresponsible behavior.

sow the wind, reap the whirlwind proverb
qui sème le vent, récolte la tempête
Every decision has consequences; a person's actions will come back to them; if one starts trouble or takes actions in spite of the discontent they cause, one will incur negative consequences.

sow thistle /saʊ θɪsl̩/ sow thistles n
laiteron
Any of the thistles in one of the genera Cicerbita and Sonchus.

sower /ˈsəʊɚ/ sowers n
semeur semeuse
One who or that which sows.

sowing /ˈsoʊɪŋ/ /ˈsəʊɪŋ/ sowings n
semailles
The act or process by which something is sown.

soy /sɔɪ/ soys n
soja
A common East Asian liquid sauce, made by subjecting boiled beans to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.
(uncountable, often, attributive) Soybeans, or the protein derived from them.

soy milk soy milks n
lait de soja
(uncountable) A milky liquid made from soy beans and used as a beverage, cooking ingredient or substitute for dairy milk.

soy sauce soy sauces n
sauce de soja sauce soja
A condiment sauce and ingredient, common in Asian cuisine, made from fermented soybeans, salt, and sometimes wheat.

soybean soybeans n
soja
The edible seed of this plant.

soz /sɒz/ interjection
déso

space /speɪs/ spaces n
espace
Physical extent across two or three dimensions (sometimes for or to do something). [from 14thc.]
The near-vacuum in which planets, stars and other celestial objects are situated; the universe beyond the earth's atmosphere. [from 17thc.]
The physical and psychological area one needs within which to live or operate; personal freedom. [from 20thc.]
(heading) A bounded or specific extent, physical or otherwise.
(metal type) A piece of metal type used to separate words, cast lower than other type so as not to take ink, especially one that is narrower than one en (compare quad). [from 17thc.]
(geometry) A set of points, each of which is uniquely specified by a number (the dimensionality) of coordinates.
(countable, mathematics) A generalized construct or set whose members have some property in common; typically there will be a geometric metaphor allowing these members to be viewed as "points". Often used with a restricting modifier describing the members (e.g. vector space), or indicating the inventor of the construct (e.g. Hilbert space). [from 20thc.]
espace blanc
A gap in text between words, lines etc., or a digital character used to create such a gap. [from 16thc.]

space /speɪs/ v
espacer
(transitive) To set some distance apart.

space age space ages n
ère spatiale
The period from the about the time of the launch of Sputnik in 1957 to the present day, during which people ventured into space.

space alien space aliens n
alien extraterrestre
(chiefly, US) An extraterrestrial being; a visitor from outer space.

space bar space bars n
barre d'espace espace
(computing) A key, in the shape of a bar, near the bottom of a keyboard, that generates a space character when pressed.

space capsule space capsules n
capsule spatiale
A vehicle (or a compartment of a vehicle) designed to transport, and provide life support for people in space, and during reentry through the Earth's atmosphere

space elevator space elevators n
ascenseur spatial
A hypothetical cable, connecting the ground with space, which includes an elevator used to lift payloads or people into orbit.

space exploration space explorations n
exploration de [[l']]espace exploration spatiale
Investigation of interplanetary or interstellar space, its properties, biology and the bodies within it; usually with the use of spacecraft.

space flight space flights n
vol spatial
(uncountable) Flight into, from or through space.
(countable) A voyage in space.

space heater space heaters n
convecteur
A portable heating appliance used to warm an area or room.

space mission space missions n
mission spatiale
A journey, by a human or robotic spacecraft, into space for a specific reason (normally to gather scientific data)

space probe space probes n
sonde spatiale
(space) A robotic space vehicle designed to voyage beyond Earth's orbit.

space race space races n
course à l'espace
The competition between nations in the field of space exploration.

space research space researches n
recherche spatiale
Any form of research that takes place in space, or concerns any aspect of space or space travel

space rocket space rockets n
fusée

space science space sciences n
sciences spatiales
Any scientific discipline concerned with the study of phenomena occurring in space, or with space flight.

space shuttle space shuttles n
navette spatiale
Any vehicle capable of travelling repeatedly between the Earth's surface and outer space carrying people or cargo.

space sickness n
mal de l'espace
motion sickness caused by the weightlessness of space flight

space station space stations n
station spatiale
A crewed artificial satellite designed for long-term habitation, research, etc.

space suit space suits n
combinaison spatiale
A system of protective and pressurized clothing, together with environmental equipment, worn by astronauts when in space.

space tourism n
tourisme spatial
Space travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes.

space travel n
voyage dans [[l']]espace navigation spatiale
travel through or into space

space vehicle space vehicles n
spationef véhicule spatial

space-filling adj
qui remplit [[l']]espace

spacecraft spacecraft spacecrafts n
astronef spationef véhicule spatial

spaced repetition n
répétition espacée

spaceforce spaceforces n
armée de l'espace
(military, spaceflight) A military unit involved with outer space and spaceflight.

spaceman /ˈspeɪsˌmæn/ spacemen n
astronaute cosmonaute spationaute
(informal, childish) An astronaut, often a male astronaut.

spaceport /ˈspeɪs.pɔːt/ spaceports n
base de lancement cosmodrome
A site for launching spacecraft.

spacer /ˈspeɪsɚ/ spacers n
entretoise
An object inserted to hold a space open in a row of items, e.g. beads or printed type.

spaceship spaceships n
vaisseau spatial astronef spationef
(astronautics) A vehicle that flies through space.

spacetime spacetimes n
espace-temps
(uncountable, physics) The four-dimensional continuum of the three spatial dimensions plus time.
(physics) An n-dimensional continuum consisting of dimensions of both space and time. Normally spacetime is considered as having 4 dimensions (x, y, z, t), but higher-dimensional spacetimes are often encountered in theoretical physics, e.g. the 5-dimensional spacetime of Kaluza-Klein theory or the 11 dimensions of spacetime in M-theory.

spacious /ˈspeɪʃəs/ more spacious most spacious adj
spacieux ample grand logeable
Having plenty of space; roomy.

spade /sped/ /speɪd/ spades n
bêche pelle
A garden tool with a handle and a flat blade for digging. Not to be confused with a shovel which is used for moving earth or other materials.
pique
(card games) A playing card marked with the symbol ♠.

spades /speɪdz/ n
pique
(card games) One of the four suits of playing cards, marked with the symbol ♠.

spaghetti /spəˈɡɛti/ [-ɾi] spaghettis n
spaghettis
(by extension, countable, uncountable) A dish that has spaghetti (sense 1) as a main part of it, such as spaghetti bolognese.
spaghettis spaghetti
(countable, uncountable) A type of pasta made in the shape of long thin strings.
gaine
(electrical engineering) Electrical insulating tubing or electrical wiring.

spaghetti western spaghetti westerns n
western spaghetti
(film genre) A motion picture depicting a story of cowboys and desperadoes set in the American Old West, but produced by an Italian-based company and filmed in Europe, notably in Italy.

spaghettification /spəˈɡɛ.ɾə.fəˌkeɪ.ʃən/ /spəˌɡɛt.ə.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ(ə)n/ [-fɪ-] [-ɾɪ-] n
spaghettification
(astrophysics) The gravitational stretching of objects into long, thin shapes, usually near a black hole. [from late 20th c.]

spaghettify v
spaghettifier

spaghetto spaghetti n
spaghetti spaghetto
(rare, prescriptive) A single strand of spaghetti.

spahi /ˈspɑːhiː/ spahis n
spahi

spallation /spɑːleɪʃən/ /spɔːleɪʃən/ /spəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ spallations n
atomisation explosion fragmentation pulvérisation éclatement
(engineering, materials science) Fragmentation due to stress or impact, or any pattern of surface damage created thereby.
spallation
(nuclear physics) A nuclear reaction in which a nucleus fragments into many nucleons.

spam /ˈspæm/ [ˈspeəm] spams n
pourriel spam courriel indésirable pollupostage
(uncountable, rarely, countable, computing, Internet) Unsolicited bulk electronic messages.

spam /ˈspæm/ [ˈspeəm] v
spammer pourrieller
(transitive, intransitive, computing, Internet) To send messages repeatedly, often with disruptive effect; to flood.

spamdexing n
spamdexing
(SEO) The inclusion of deliberately misleading terms on a website in order to manipulate its ranking in a search engine.

spammer spammers n
spammer spammeur
(computing, internet) Someone who sends spam.

span /spæn/ /spæːn/ spans n
empan
The full width of an open hand from the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger used as an informal unit of length.

span /spæn/ /spæːn/ v
chevaucher couvrir
(transitive) To extend through the distance between or across.
couvrir s'étendre
(transitive) To extend through (a time period).

spangle /ˈspeɪŋɡəl/ /ˈspæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈspæŋɡəl/ spangles n
paillette
A small, flat piece of sparkling metallic or metal-like material with a hole which is sewn on to a garment, etc., for decoration; a sequin.

spangled kookaburra spangled kookaburras n
martin-chasseur pailleté
A kookaburra of the Aru Islands, with blue wings and tail, a white chest and belly, dark eyes, and a striking white-spotted black head, Dacelo tyro.

spaniel /ˈspænjəl/ /ˈspænəl/ spaniels n
épagneul
Any of various small to medium-sized breeds of gun dog having a broad muzzle, long, wavy fur and long ears that hang at the side of the head, bred for flushing and retrieving game.

spank /spæŋk/ spanks n
pan
A slapping sound, as produced by spanking.

spank /spæŋk/ v
fesser
(transitive) To beat, smack or slap a person's buttocks or anything vulnerable to human body part like cheeks, with the bare hand or other object, as punishment, gesture, or form of sexual interaction.

spankee /ˈspæŋ.kiː/ spankees n
fessé fessée
The receiver or victim of a spanking

spanker /spæŋkə/ /spæŋkɚ/ spankers n
fesseur fesseuse
Someone who spanks.

spanking /ˈspæŋkɪŋ/ spankings n
fessée
(uncountable) A form of physical punishment in which a beating is applied to the buttocks.
(countable) An incident of such punishment, or such physical act in a non-punitive context, such as a birthday spanking.

spankingly /ˈspæŋkɪŋli/ more spankingly most spankingly adv
vigoureusement
In a spanking manner; vigorously; freshly.

spanner /ˈspæn.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈspæn.ɚ/ spanners n
clé clef clé de serrage clef à écrous serre-écrou
(Australian, NZ, British, Irish) A hand tool for adjusting nuts and bolts; a wrench.

spar /spɑɹ/ /spɑː/ [spɑɹ] [spɑ˞] spars n
spath
(mineralogy) Any crystal with readily discernible faces.
longeron
(aeronautics) A beam-like structural member that supports ribs in an aircraft wing or other airfoil.

spare /ˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈspɛɚ/ sparer sparest adj
rechange
Held in reserve, to be used in an emergency.

spare /ˈspɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈspɛɚ/ v
épargner
(transitive) To save or gain, as by frugality; to reserve, as from some occupation, use, or duty.

spare no effort v
ne pas ménager sa peine ne pas ménager ses efforts se mettre en frais tout faire pour
(idiomatic) To do everything within one's powers to achieve something.

spare no expense v
se mettre en frais
To be willing to pay as much as necessary to achieve an objective.

spare part spare parts n
pièce de rechange pièce détachée
A component of any manufactured goods, kept in reserve to replace one that fails; a spare.

spare the rod and spoil the child proverb
qui aime bien, châtie bien
If one does not discipline a child, the child will never learn obedience and good manners.

spare tyre spare tyres n
roue de secours pneu de secours
An extra tyre carried in case one of the vehicle's tyres is damaged or deflated.

sparerib /ˌspɛəˈɹɪb/ /ˌspɛɚˈɹɪb/ spareribs n
travers de porc
A cut of meat including the rib bones.

spargosis n
spargose

sparingly more sparingly most sparingly adv
parcimonieusement
In a sparing manner; with frugality, moderation, scantiness, reserve, forbearance, or the like; sparsely.

spark /spɑɹk/ /spɑːk/ sparks n
étincelle flammèche
A small particle of glowing matter, either molten or on fire, resulting from an electrical surge or excessive heat created by friction.
étincelle
A short or small burst of electrical discharge.
(figuratively) A small amount of something, such as an idea or romantic affection, that has the potential to become something greater, just as a spark can start a fire.

spark plug spark plugs n
bougie bougie d'allumage
The part of an internal combustion engine which forms a high-voltage electric spark which ignites the fuel-air mixture to begin the power stroke.

sparkle /ˈspɑɹkəl/ /ˈspɑːkəl/ v
scintiller
(by extension) To shine as if throwing off sparks; to emit flashes of light; to scintillate; to twinkle
luire
(intransitive) To manifest itself by, or as if by, emitting sparks; to glisten; to flash.

sparkler sparklers n
cierge magique
A hand-held firework that emits sparks.

sparkling /ˈspɑɹklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑɹkl̩ɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːklɪŋ/ /ˈspɑːkl̩ɪŋ/ adj
effervescent pétillant
Of a beverage, especially an alcoholic beverage, containing dissolved carbon dioxide (either naturally or that has been added) that comes out of solution in the form of many tiny bubbles.

sparkling cider sparkling ciders n
cidre mousseux cidre pétillant
(Canada) A carbonated alcoholic beverage based on apples, a champagne-style apple cider/hard cider/hard apple cider/cider

sparkling perry sparkling perries n
poiré mousseux poiré pétillant

sparkling wine sparkling wines n
vin mousseux mousseux vin effervescent
Any wine that is effervescent because of dissolved carbon dioxide; either because of fermentation in bottle or by physical carbonation.

sparrow /ˈspæɹoʊ/ /ˈspæɹəʊ/ /ˈspɛɹoʊ/ sparrows n
moineau moineau domestique
A member of the family Passeridae, comprising small Old World songbirds.
bruant
A member of the family Emberizidae, comprising small New World songbirds.
piaf
Generically, any small, nondescript bird.

sparse /spɑːs/ /spɑːɹs/ sparser sparsest adj
clairsemé épars
Having widely spaced intervals.

sparsity sparsities n
parcimonie sparsité
The property of being sparse; sparseness.

spartan /ˈspɑː(ɹ)tən/ more spartan most spartan adj
spartiate
Lacking in decoration and luxury.

spasm /ˈspæz.əm/ spasms n
spasme
A sudden, involuntary contraction of a muscle, a group of muscles, or a hollow organ.

spasmodic /spæzˈmɑ.dɪk/ /spæzˈmɒd.ɪk/ more spasmodic most spasmodic adj
spasmodique
Of or relating to a spasm; resembling a sudden contraction of the muscles.

spasmolytic more spasmolytic most spasmolytic adj
spasmolytique
(medicine) antispastic, antispasmodic

spastic /ˈspastɪk/ /ˈspæstɪk/ more spastic most spastic adj
spastique
(pathology) Of, relating to, or affected by spasm.
spastique handicapé moteur
(pathology) Of or relating to spastic paralysis.

spasticity spasticities n
spasticité
The state, quality or property of being spastic.

spat /spæt/ spats n
naissain
guêtre
(often, in the plural) A covering or decorative covering worn over a shoe.

spatchcock /ˈspæt͡ʃkɒk/ /ˈspæt͡ʃˌkɑk/ spatchcocks n
crapaudine
(cooking, also, attributively) Poultry which has been cut along the spine and spread out for more even cooking. [from late 18th c.]

spate /speɪt/ spates n
crue recrudescence
(countable) A (sudden) flood or inundation of water; specifically, a flood in or overflow of a river or other watercourse due to heavy rain or melting snow; (uncountable, archaic) flooding, inundation.
recrudescence
(countable, figurative) A sudden increase or rush of something; a flood, an outburst, an outpouring.

spathic more spathic most spathic adj
spathique
(geology, mineralogy) Having good cleavage.

spatial /ˈspeɪ.ʃəl/ /ˈspæɪ.ʃəl/ adj
spatial
Pertaining to (the dimension of) space.
(uncommon) Pertaining to (outer) space.

spationaut spationauts n
spationaute
A French spationaut or astronaut.

spatiotemporal /ˈspeɪ.ʃiː.oʊˌtɛm.pə.rəl/ /ˈspeɪ.ʃiː.əuˌtem.pə.rəl/ /ˈspæɪ.ʃiː.əʉˌtem.pə.rəl/ more spatiotemporal most spatiotemporal adj
spatiotemporel
Of, concerning, or existing in both space and time.
Of or concerning spacetime.

spatter /ˈspætɚ/ v
asperger
(intransitive) To send out small droplets; to splash in small droplets (on or against something).

spatula /ˈspætjʊlə/ /ˈspæt͡ʃələ/ /ˈspæt͡ʃʊlə/ spatulae spatulas spatulæ n
spatule
A kitchen utensil consisting of a flat surface attached to a long handle, used for turning, lifting, or stirring food.

spawn /spɑn/ /spɑɒn/ /spɔn/ /spɔːn/ spawn spawns n
frai
The numerous eggs of an aquatic organism.

spawn /spɑn/ /spɑɒn/ /spɔn/ /spɔːn/ v
frayer
(transitive) To produce or deposit (eggs) in water.
(intransitive) To deposit (numerous) eggs in water.
engendrer
(transitive) To generate, bring into being, especially non-mammalian beings in very large numbers.
(transitive) To bring forth in general.

speak /spik/ /spiːk/ speaks n
jargon
(uncountable) language, jargon, or terminology used uniquely in a particular environment or group.

speak /spik/ /spiːk/ v
parler
(intransitive) To communicate with one's voice, to say words out loud.
(intransitive) To deliver a message to a group; to deliver a speech.
(transitive, stative) To be able to communicate in a language.

speak for oneself v
parle pour toi !
(idiomatic, imperative) Expressing disagreement with an opinion expressed by another.
parler de soi-même
To have obvious implications; to require no explanation.

speak ill of v
dire du mal médire
To vilify; to defame; to criticize.

speak in tongues v
parler en langues
To speak in a language unknown to the speaker, especially when in a state of religious ecstasy; glossolalia.

speak of the devil phraseologicalUnit
quand on parle du loup quand on parle du loup, on en voit la queue
(idiomatic, humorous) An expression sometimes used when a person mentioned in the current conversation happens to arrive on the scene.

speak out v
se prononcer
(idiomatic) To assert or promote one's opinion; to make one's thoughts known.

speak to v
démontrer montrer
(idiomatic) To give evidence regarding something; to attest or provide evidence for; to bespeak.
toucher
(idiomatic) To (figuratively) resonate with; to feel emotionally relevant to.

speak too soon v
parler trop vite

speak volumes v
en dire long vouloir tout dire
To convey significant information beyond what is explicit, especially unintentionally.

speaker /ˈspikɚ/ /ˈspiːkə/ speakers n
locuteur parleur locutrice parleuse
One who speaks.
haut-parleur baffle
Loudspeaker.
président présidente
(politics) The chair or presiding officer of certain legislative bodies, such as the U.K. House of Commons or the U.S. House of Representatives.
orateur intervenant intervenante oratrice
One who makes a speech to an audience.
locuteur locutrice
(especially, in, _, linguistics) The producer of a given utterance, whether speech or text.

speaking /ˈspiːˌkɪŋ/ interjection
([[c'est]]) [[lui-même]]/[[elle-même]] ([[appareil|à l'appareil]])
(telephone) Indication that the person requested is the same as the one who is currently speaking.

speaking of adv
en parlant de
(colloquial) Speaking of which; relatedly, used to introduce a related topic.

speaking voice speaking voices n
voix parlée
A person's voice when speaking.

spear /spɪə̯(ɹ)/ /spɪɹ/ spears n
lance
A long stick with a sharp tip used as a weapon for throwing or thrusting, or anything used to make a thrusting motion.
harpon
A lance with barbed prongs, used by fishermen to retrieve fish.

spearhead /ˈspiɹ.hɛd/ /ˈspɪə.hɛd/ /ˈspɪɹ.hɛd/ spearheads n
fer de lance
The pointed head, or end, of a spear.
One who leads or initiates an activity (such as an attack or a campaign).
The leading military unit in an attack.

spearman spearmen n
lancier piquier
A soldier who fights with a spear.

spearmint /ˈspɪəˌmɪnt/ /ˈspɪɹˌmɪnt/ spearmints n
menthe verte
A herb of the mint family (Mentha spicata), commonly used in herb tea, candy and to treat mild stomach ache.

special /ˈspɛʃ.əl/ more special most special specialer specialest adj
proche
spécial
Distinguished by a unique or unusual quality.
particulier spécial
Of particular value or interest; dear; beloved.

special /ˈspɛʃ.əl/ specials n
solde
A reduction in consumer cost (usually for a limited time) for items or services rendered.

special case special cases n
cas particulier
A class of phenomena that is a subset of a more general class.

special education n
enseignement spécialisé transition éducation spécialisée
Any of several educational services designed for students with learning difficulties, mental health problems, or other disabilities.

special effect special effects n
effet spécial
(film, television) An effect that cannot be reasonably achieved by normal means, as for example by the digital manipulation of previously filmed footage.

special interest special interests n
intérêt spécifique
A topic of particular interest and passion, particularly for an autistic person.

special military operation special military operations n
opération militaire spéciale
(euphemism, neologism) A military situation resembling a war.

special relativity n
relativité restreinte
(relativity) A theory that (neglecting the effects of gravity) reconciles the principle of relativity with the observation that the speed of light is constant in all frames of reference.

special someone special someones n
amour perle rare personne de son cœur âme sœur

specialist /ˈspɛʃəlɪst/ specialists n
spécialiste
Someone who is an expert in, or devoted to, some specific branch of study or research.
(medicine) A physician whose practice is limited to a particular branch of medicine or surgery.

specialization /ˌspɛʃəlɪˈzeɪʃn̩/ specializations n
spécialisation
The act or process of specializing.
(biology) The adaptation of an organism to a specific environment, or adaptation of an organ to a particular function.

specialize /ˈspɛʃəˌlaɪz/ v
spécialiser
(biology, transitive) To make distinct or separate due to form or function.
(rare, transitive) To specify: to mention specifically.

specialized more specialized most specialized adj
spécialisé
Highly skilled in, or specifically adapted to, a specific field.

specially /ˈspɛʃəli/ adv
particulièrement spécialement
For a special purpose, person, or occasion.

specialty /ˈspɛʃəlti/ specialties n
spécialité
That in which one specializes; a chosen expertise or talent.

specialty store specialty stores n
magasin spécialisé boutique spécialisée
A store specialized on a particular type of items.

speciation speciations n
spéciation chimique
(chemistry) The formation of different (inorganic) species (especially of ions) as the environment changes.
spéciation
(medicine, pathology) The determination of which species are present in a fluid or tissue specimen, bacterial culture, or viral culture.

species /-iːz/ /-ɪz/ /ˈspiːsiːz/ /ˈspiːʃiːz/ species specieses n
espèce
A group of plants or animals in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction, usually having similar appearance.
(biology, taxonomy) A category in the classification of organisms, ranking below genus; a taxon at that rank.

species barrier species barriers n
barrière d'espèce
(pathology, zoology) The inability of a disease to be transmitted from one species to a different one.

speciesism /ˈspiːsiːˌzɪzəm/ /ˈspiːʃiːˌzɪzəm/ n
spécisme espécisme

speciesist more speciesist most speciesist adj
espéciste spéciste
Of or relating to speciesism.

speciesist speciesists n
espéciste spéciste
A proponent of speciesism.

specific /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/ /spɛk.ˈsi.fɪk/ /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk/ more specific most specific adj
spécifique
explicit or definite.
Serving to identify a particular thing (often a disease or condition), with little risk of mistaking something else for it.
(physics) a measure compared with a standard reference value by division, to produce a ratio without unit or dimension (e.g. specific refractive index is a pure number, and is relative to that of air)

specific epithet specific epithets n
épithète spécifique
(taxonomy) The second (uncapitalized) word in the scientific name of a species, following the name of the genus.

specific gravity specific gravities n
densité relative
(physics) The ratio of the mass of a substance to that of an equal volume of water at 4°C (or to some other reference substance)

specifically /spəˈsɪf.ɪk.li/ /spɪˈsɪf.ɪk.li/ more specifically most specifically adv
spécifiquement
For a specific purpose or reason.

specification specifications n
spécification
An explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, or service.

specificity /spɛsɪˈfɪsɪti/ specificities n
spécificité
The state of being specific rather than general.
(statistics) The probability, in a binary classification test, of a true negative being correctly identified.

specified /ˈspɛsɪfaɪd/ more specified most specified adj
spécifié
Thoroughly explained.

specifier /ˈspɛsəˌfaɪɚ/ specifiers n
spécifieur
(linguistics) A component of a phrase that is non-recursive and not found as a sister of the head of the phrase, but rather as a daughter of the maximal projection of the phrase.

specify /ˈspɛs.əˌfaɪ/ /ˈspɛs.ɪ.faɪ/ v
spécifier
(transitive) To state explicitly, or in detail, or as a condition.

specimen /ˈspɛsɪmɪn/ specimens specimina n
spécimen exemple
An individual instance that represents a class; an example.
A sample, especially one used for diagnostic analysis.

specious /ˈspiːʃəs/ more specious most specious adj
spécieuse spécieux
Seemingly well-reasoned, plausible or true, but actually fallacious.

speciousness speciousnesses n
spéciosité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being specious.

speck /spɛk/ specks n
point
A tiny spot or particle, especially of dirt.

speckled trout speckled trout speckled trouts n
omble de fontaine saumon de fontaine truite mouchetée
A North American freshwater game fish (Salvelinus fontinalis); the brook trout.

spectacle /ˈspɛktəkl̩/ spectacles n
spectacle
An exciting or extraordinary scene, exhibition, performance etc.

spectacle case spectacle cases n
boîte à lunettes étui à lunettes
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see spectacles,‎ case. (This entry is a translation hub.)

spectacled bear spectacled bears n
ours à lunettes
Tremarctos ornatus, a species of small, short-faced bear native to South America.

spectacles /ˈspɛktəkl̩z/ n
lunettes barniques binocles bésicles
(plural only, formal) A pair of lenses set in a frame worn on the nose and ears in order to correct deficiencies in eyesight or to ornament the face.

spectacular /spɛkˈtæk.jə.lɚ/ /spɛkˈtæk.jʊ.lə/ more spectacular most spectacular adj
spectaculaire
Amazing or worthy of special notice.

spectator /spɛkˈteɪtə/ /ˈspɛkteɪtɚ/ spectators n
spectateur spectatrice badaud badaude
One who watches an event; especially, an event held outdoors.

specter /ˈspɛktə/ /ˈspɛktɚ/ specters n
spectre
A ghostly apparition, a phantom. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

spectral /ˈspɛktɹəɫ/ more spectral most spectral adj
spectral
Of, or pertaining to, spectra; classified according to frequency or wavelength (of light etc)

spectro- prefix
spectro-
optical spectra.

spectrography n
spectrographie
(physics, chemistry) The process of using a spectrometer to produce a spectrograph.

spectrometer spectrometers n
spectromètre
(analytical chemistry) An optical instrument for measuring the absorption of light by chemical substances; typically it will plot a graph of absorption versus wavelength or frequency, and the patterns produced are used to identify the substances present, and their internal structure.

spectrometric more spectrometric most spectrometric adj
spectrométrique
Of or pertaining to spectrometry

spectrophotometer spectrophotometers n
spectrophotomètre
(physics) An instrument used to measure the intensity of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.

spectroscope spectroscopes n
spectroscope
An optical instrument used for spectrographic analysis [from later 19th c.].

spectroscopic adj
spectroscopique
(analytical chemistry) Of or relating to spectroscopy or to a spectroscope.

spectroscopist spectroscopists n
spectroscopiste
A scientist specialising in spectroscopy.

spectroscopy spectroscopies n
spectroscopie
(uncountable) The scientific study of spectra.

spectrum /ˈspɛktɹəm/ spectra spectrums n
spectre
A range; a continuous, infinite, one-dimensional set, possibly bounded by extremes.
Specifically, a range of colours representing light (electromagnetic radiation) of contiguous frequencies; hence electromagnetic spectrum, visible spectrum, ultraviolet spectrum, etc. [from later 17th c.]
(chemistry) The pattern of absorption or emission of radiation produced by a substance when subjected to energy (radiation, heat, electricity, etc.).
(mathematics, linear algebra) The set of eigenvalues of a matrix.
(mathematics, functional analysis) Of a bounded linear operator A, the set of scalar values λ such that the operator A—λI, where I denotes the identity operator, does not have a bounded inverse; intended as a generalisation of the linear algebra sense.

speculate /ˈspek.jəˌlæɪt/ /ˈspɛk.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈspɛk.jʊˌleɪt/ v
spéculer
(obsolete, intransitive) To think, meditate or reflect on a subject; to consider, to deliberate or cogitate.
(intransitive, business, finance) To make a risky trade in the hope of making a profit; to venture or gamble.

speculation /ˌspɛk.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ speculations n
spéculation
(business, finance) An investment involving higher-than-normal risk in order to obtain a higher-than-normal return.
The act or practice of buying land, goods, shares, etc., in expectation of selling at a higher price, or of selling with the expectation of repurchasing at a lower price; a trading on anticipated fluctuations in price, as distinguished from trading in which the profit expected is the difference between the retail and wholesale prices, or the difference of price in different markets.

speculative /ˈspɛkjuləˌtɪv/ more speculative most speculative adj
spéculatif
Characterized by speculation; based on guessing, unfounded opinions, or extrapolation.

speculative application speculative applications n
candidature spontanée
An application for a job with an employer who is not currently advertising any vacancies.

speculative fiction speculative fictions n
littératures de l'imaginaire
(uncountable) A class of fiction involving fantastic, supernatural or futuristic elements, including fantasy, horror, and science fiction, dealing with worlds, themes, and characters not part of everyday life. [from 20th c.]

speculatively more speculatively most speculatively adv
spéculativement
In a speculative manner.

speculator speculators n
spéculateur agioteur boukiman
(business, finance) One who speculates; as in investing, one who is willing to take volatile risks upon invested principal for the potential of substantial returns.

speculoos speculoos n
spéculoos spéculos
A type of spiced shortcrust biscuit.

speculum /ˈspɛk.jə.ləm/ /ˈspɛk.jʊ.ləm/ specula speculums n
spéculum
(medicine) A medical instrument used during an examination to dilate an orifice.

speech /ˈspiːt͡ʃ/ speeches n
parole discours
(uncountable) The ability to speak; the faculty of uttering words or articulate sounds and vocalizations to communicate.
discours parole
(countable) A formal session of speaking, especially a long oral message given publicly by one person.

speech act speech acts n
acte de langage
(linguistics) An act carried out by speech, such as promising, ordering, greeting, warning, inviting and congratulating.

speech bubble speech bubbles n
bulle phylactère
(comics) A rounded outline, containing words, representing speech in a comic.

speech community speech communities n
communauté linguistique
(linguistics) A group of people sharing a language, or a particular way of using that language

speech disorder speech disorders n
défaut [[d']]élocution défaut de prononciation trouble de la parole trouble du langage
(pathology) Any mental or bodily malfunction that makes expressing oneself by speech difficult.

speech is silver, silence is golden proverb
la parole est d’argent, le silence est d’or
(idiom) Not saying anything is often better than speaking too much or saying something inappropriate.

speech recognition n
reconnaissance automatique de la parole
(computing) The function of a front-end software system which processes input in the form of spoken language into a sequence of phonemes or characters, or into electronic commands for a computing system.

speech therapist speech therapists n
logopède logopédiste orthophoniste
A clinician specializing in speech therapy, or logopedics.

speechless /ˈspiːt͡ʃ.lɪs/ adj
sans voix
Not speaking; not knowing what to say; silent, especially due to surprise, amazement, etc.

speechwriter speechwriters n
rédacteur de discours
someone who writes speeches for others, especially as a profession

speed /spiːd/ speeds n
vitesse
The state of moving quickly or the capacity for rapid motion.
(mathematics, physics) The rate of motion or action, specifically the magnitude of the velocity; the rate distance is traversed in a given time.
vitesse d'exposition
(photography) The duration of exposure, the time during which a camera shutter is open (shutter speed).
speed
(slang, uncountable) Amphetamine or any amphetamine-based drug (especially methamphetamine) used as a stimulant, especially illegally.

speed /spiːd/ v
foncer
To cause to make haste; to dispatch with celerity; to drive at full speed; hence, to hasten; to hurry.

speed bump speed bumps n
ralentisseur casse-vitesse
A traffic calming measure, consisting of a transverse ridge in the road, to limit the speed of vehicles.

speed camera speed cameras n
radar radar automatique
A roadside camera, triggered by a speeding vehicle, that takes a photograph of the offending vehicle and records its speed.

speed cushion speed cushions n
coussin berlinois
A form of speed bump, often one of a series, that allows larger (especially emergency) vehicles to straddle them without slowing down

speed limit speed limits n
vitesse maximale autorisée
The maximum speed permitted by law for vehicles.

speed of light speeds of light n
vitesse de la lumière
(physics) The speed of electromagnetic radiation; in a perfect vacuum it is defined as 299,792,458 metres per second

speed of sound n
vitesse du son
(physics) The speed at which sound is propagated through some medium under specified conditions.

speed pedelec speed pedelecs n
speed bike speed pedelec speedelec

speed reading n
lecture rapide
The skill of reading a text at a faster speed than average while still maintaining comprehension of the material that is read.

speed skater speed skaters n
patineur de vitesse patineuse de vitesse
(skating) A person who competes in the sport of speed skating.

speed skating n
patinage de vitesse
The sport of racing around an oval course, on ice skates.

speed up v
accélérer
(idiomatic, intransitive) To accelerate; to increase speed.

speedboat /ˈspidˌboʊt/ speedboats n
vedette
A boat designed and built for racing.

speeding /ˈspiːdɪŋ/ speedings n
excès de vitesse
(uncountable) Driving faster than the legal speed limit.

speeding ticket speeding tickets n
amende
A traffic ticket issued for exceeding the speed limit.

speedometer /spiˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spiːˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spiːˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɑ.mɪ.tɚ/ /spɪˈdɒm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ /spɪˈdɔm.ɪ.tə(ɹ)/ speedometers n
compteur de vitesse
An instrument located within the dashboard of a vehicle that measures and indicates the current speed of the vehicle.

speedskiing n
ski de vitesse

speedster speedsters n
bolide
One who is noted for being very fast.

speedwell /ˈspiːdˌwɛl/ speedwells n
véronique
A plant of the genus Veronica

speedy /ˈspiː.di/ speedier speediest adj
rapide prompt
Proceeding with or characterized by high speed; rapid.

speleological more speleological most speleological adj
spéléologique
Pertaining to the exploration of caves; speleology.

speleologist speleologists n
spéléologue
A person who studies or explores caves or studies the science of speleology.

speleology speleologies n
spéléologie
The scientific study of caves.

speleothem /ˈspiː.li.əˌθɛm/ speleothems n
spéléothème
(geology) Any secondary mineral, deposited in a natural cave by the action of water.

spell /spɛl/ spells n
sort formule magique charme maléfice
A magical effect or influence induced by an incantation or formula. [from 16th c.]

spell /spɛl/ v
épeler
(intransitive, transitive, sometimes with “out”) To write or say the letters that form a word or part of a word. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) Of letters: to compose (a word). [from 19th c.]

spell checker spell checkers n
correcteur orthographique vérificateur d'orthographe vérificateur orthographique
(computing) A software application that attempts to verify spelling in a document.

spellbound more spellbound most spellbound adj
envoûté fasciné
Fascinated by something; entranced as if by a spell.

speller spellers n
épeleur épeleuse
A person who spells.
correcteur orthographique vérificateur d’orthographe vérificateur orthographique
(computing) A spell checker.

spelling /ˈspɛlɪŋ/ spellings n
orthographe
(uncountable) The act, practice, ability, or subject of forming words with letters, or of reading the letters of words; orthography.
orthographe graphie
(countable) A specific spelling of a word.

spelling alphabet spelling alphabets n
alphabet radio
A set of code words that stand for the usual names of the letters of an alphabet, usually for clarity of communication when spelling out words, especially over the radio#Noun and especially despite any static#Noun thereon.

spelling bee spelling bees n
compétition de l’épellation
A spelling contest or competition where contestants, usually children, are asked to spell out words (orally, letter by letter); the individual or team spelling the most words correctly wins.

spelt /ˈspɛlt/ spelts n
épeautre
A grain, considered either a subspecies of wheat, Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta, or a separate species Triticum spelta or Triticum dicoccon.

spelunker spelunkers n
spéléologue
(North America) One who explores caves; one who spelunks.

spelunking spelunkings n
spéléologie
The practice or hobby of exploring underground caverns.

spend /spɛnd/ v
dépenser
(ambitransitive) To pay out (money).
passer dépenser
To consume, to use up (time).

spendthrift /ˈspɛn(d)ˌθɹɪft/ /ˈspɛn(d)θɹɪft/ more spendthrift most spendthrift adj
dépensier prodigue
Improvident, profligate, or wasteful. [from late 16th c.]

spendthrift /ˈspɛn(d)ˌθɹɪft/ /ˈspɛn(d)θɹɪft/ spendthrifts n
dépensier gaspilleur prodigue
Someone who spends money improvidently or wastefully.

spent /ˈspɛnt/ adj
fatigué épuisé éreinté
Consumed, used up, exhausted, depleted.

sperm /spɜɹm/ /spɜːm/ sperm sperms n
spermatozoïde
(countable) The reproductive cell or gamete of the male; a spermatozoon.
sperme semence
(uncountable, slang) Semen; the generative substance of male animals.

sperm bank sperm banks n
banque du sperme banque de sperme
(medicine) A place where sperm from donors is stored for future use in artificial insemination.

sperm count sperm counts n
numération des spermatozoïdes
The number of spermatozoa in a given amount of ejaculate (typically one millilitre), often used as a gauge of male fertility.

sperm whale sperm whales n
cachalot
A whale (Physeter catodon, syn. Physeter macrocephalus), the largest of the toothed whales.

spermatic /spəˈmætɪk/ /spɚˈmætɪk/ more spermatic most spermatic adj
spermatique
of, pertaining to, or resembling sperm

spermatic cord spermatic cords n
cordon spermatique
(anatomy) The cord, consisting of the vas deferens, nerves, and blood vessels, that runs from the abdominal cavity to the testicle in the scrotum.

spermatid spermatids n
spermatide
(biology) A haploid cell, produced by meiosis of a spermatocyte, that develops into a spermatozoon

spermatogenesis spermatogeneses n
spermatogenèse
The process of sperm production in the testes.

spermatozoid /spɜː(ɹ)ˈmætəˌzəʊ.ɪd/ spermatozoids n
anthérozoïde spermatozoïde
(biology) A motile, ciliated male gamete produced in the antheridium of an alga, fern or gymnosperm.

spermatozoon /ˌspɜːmətə(ʊ)ˈzəʊɒn/ spermatozoa n
spermatozoïde
(cytology) A reproductive cell or gamete of a male, carried in semen, that fertilizes an ovum to produce a zygote.

spessartine spessartines n
spessartine
(mineral) A type of garnet, a neosilicate of manganese and aluminium with the chemical formula Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3.

spew /spjuː/ v
cracher vomir
(transitive) To eject forcibly and in a stream,
vomir
(intransitive, informal) To vomit.

sphagnum /ˈsfæɡnəm/ sphagnums n
sphaigne
Any of various widely distributed mosses, of genus Sphagnum, which slowly decompose to form peat.

sphalerite /ˈsfeɪ.lə.ˌɹaɪt/ /ˈsfæl.ə.ˌɹaɪt/ sphalerites n
sphalérite
(mineral) A yellow, brown or black, sometimes red, green white or colorless mineral with cubic crystals, of a chemical formula (Zn,Fe)S, often containing also minor metals, such as cadmium, gallium, germanium and indium.

sphere /sfɪə(ɹ)/ /sfɪɚ/ spheres n
sphère boule
An object which appears to be bounded by a sphere; a round object, a ball. [from 14th c.]
sphère
(figuratively) The region in which something or someone is active; one's province, domain. [from 17th c.]
(logic, dated) The domain of reference of a proposition, subject, or predicate, or the totality of the particular subjects to which it applies.

sphere of influence spheres of influence n
sphère d'influence
(figurative, by extension) A concept division over which a person, organization, etc. exerts control.

spherical /sfiːɹɪkəl/ /sfɛɹɪkəl/ more spherical most spherical adj
sphérique
(geometry) Shaped like a sphere.
(astrology) Of or relating to the heavenly orbs, or to the sphere or spheres in which, according to ancient astronomy and astrology, they were set.

spherical aberration /ˈsfɪɹ.ɪk.l̩ ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/ spherical aberrations n
aberration sphérique
(optics) A type of lens aberration which causes blurriness, particularly away from the centre of the lens.

spherical angle spherical angles n
angle sphérique
(geometry) A particular dihedral angle, the angle between two intersecting arcs on a sphere, measured by the angle between the planes containing the arcs.

spherical cap spherical caps n
calotte sphérique
(geometry) A portion of the surface of a sphere cut off by a plane.

spherical geometry spherical geometries n
géométrie sphérique
(geometry, uncountable) The geometry of the 2-dimensional surface of a sphere;(countable) a given geometry of the surface of a sphere; a geometry of the surface of a given sphere, regarded as distinct from that of other spheres.

spherical lune spherical lunes n
fuseau sphérique
(geometry) A portion of the surface of a sphere cut off by two vertical planes through the centre of the sphere.

spherical wedge spherical wedges n
coin sphérique
(geometry) A volume of a sphere lying between two vertical planes through the centre of the sphere.

sphericity sphericities n
sphéricité
(chiefly, uncountable) The quality of being spherical, being a sphere.

spheroid spheroids n
sphéroïde
A solid of revolution generated by rotating an ellipse about its major (prolate), or minor (oblate) axis.

spherulite /sfɪrjuːlait/ /sfɪəruːlait/ spherulites n
sphérulite

sphincter /ˈsfɪŋk.tɚ/ sphincters n
sphincter

sphinx /ˈsfɪŋks/ sphinges sphinxes n
sphinx
(mythology) A creature with the head of a person and the body of an animal (commonly a lion).

sphygmomanometer /ˌsfɪɡmoʊməˈnɑmɪtɚ/ /ˌsfɪɡməʊməˈnɒmɪtə/ sphygmomanometers n
sphygmomanomètre tensiomètre
A device used to measure blood pressure.

spice /spaɪs/ spices n
épices épice
(countable, uncountable) Aromatic or pungent plant matter (usually dried) used to season or flavour food.
épice
(uncountable) The quality of being spicy.

spice /spaɪs/ v
épicer
(transitive) To add spice or spices to; season.

spice up v
pimenter
To enhance the flavor of something by adding spice to it.
(transitive, informal) To make more exotic, fun or extravagant.

spiciness spicinesses n
pseudo-chaleur
The property of being spicy.

spicule spicules n
spicule
(biology) Any of many needle-like crystalline structures that provide skeletal support in marine invertebrates like sponges.

spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ spicier spiciest adj
épicé
Of, pertaining to, or containing spice.
épicé piquant pimenté
(of flavors or odors) Tangy, zesty, or pungent.

spider /ˈspaɪ̯də/ /ˈspaɪ̯dɚ/ [ˈspʌɪ̯ɾə(ɹ)] spiders n
araignée
Any of various eight-legged, predatory arthropods, of the order Araneae, most of which spin webs to catch prey.
(snooker, billiards) A stick with a convex arch-shaped notched head used to support the cue when the cue ball is out of reach at normal extension.

spiderweb /ˈspaɪ̯dəwɛb/ spiderwebs n
toile d'araignée arantèle toile
The net-like construct of a spider containing sticky strands to catch prey.

spiel /spiːl/ /ʃpiːl/ spiels n
boniment
A lengthy and extravagant speech or argument usually intended to persuade.

spike /spaɪk/ spikes n
pointe clou
A sort of very large nail.
pic pieu pique
(by extension) Anything resembling such a nail in shape.
épi
An ear of corn or grain.
crampons
(informal, mostly, in the plural) A running shoe with spikes in the sole to provide grip.

spike heel spike heels n
talon aiguille
A very tall, narrow heel on a shoe.
A shoe with such a heel.

spike strip spike strips n
herse

spiked more spiked most spiked adj
clouté
Having spikes.
plafonné
Of a graph or trend that has rapidly reached a maximum.

spikelet spikelets n
épillet
(botany) A small, or secondary spike, especially one of many in the inflorescence of a grass or sedge.

spikenard /ˈspaɪknɑː(ɹ)d/ /ˈspɪknæɹd/ /ˈspɪknɑːɹd/ /ˈspɪknəɹd/ spikenards n
nard
A perfumed ointment, extracted from the plant Nardostachys jatamansi that belongs to the Valerian family and grows in the Himalayas.
The plant Nardostachys jatamansi (syn. Nardostachys grandiflora).

spikes n
chaussures crampons pointes
A pair of athletic shoes equipped with spikes on the sole and heel for better traction.

spill /spɪl/ spills n
déversement
(countable) A mess of something that has been dropped.

spill /spɪl/ v
renverser répandre déverser
(transitive) To drop something so that it spreads out or makes a mess; to accidentally pour.

spill the beans /spɪl ðə biːnz/ v
cracher le morceau vendre la mèche
(intransitive, idiomatic) To reveal a secret; to disclose.

spillage /ˈspɪl.əd͡ʒ/ /ˈspɪl.ɪd͡ʒ/ spillages n
déversement
The process or action of spilling.
That which has been spilled.

spillikins n
honchets jeu de jonchets jonchets
A game in which players attempt to remove flat, carved sticks of ivory or wood (the individual spillikins of meaning 1) from a scattered pile without disturbing any stick other than the one currently being removed.

spin /spɪn/ spins n
tour
Rapid circular motion.
spin tournoiement
(physics) A quantum angular momentum associated with subatomic particles, which also creates a magnetic moment.
vrille effet brossage
(aviation) A condition of flight where a stalled aircraft is simultaneously pitching, yawing, and rolling in a spinning motion.

spin /spɪn/ v
pivoter rapidement tournoyer
(ergative) To rotate, revolve, gyrate (usually quickly); to partially or completely rotate to face another direction.
filer
(transitive) To make yarn by twisting and winding fibers together.

spin a yarn v
monter un bateau raconter des balivernes raconter des histoires raconter des salades
(idiomatic) To tell or create a story, especially one which is lengthy or far-fetched.

spin doctor spin doctors n
façonneur d’image spin doctor
(business, politics) A person employed to gloss over a poor public image (or present it in a better light) in business and politics, especially after unfavourable results have been achieved. A lobbyist; PR person.

spin foam spin foams n
mousse de spin
(physics) A topological structure made out of two-dimensional faces that represents one of the configurations that must be summed to obtain a Feynman's path integral description of quantum gravity.

spin-off spin-offs n
spin-off
(fiction) A fictional work where the protagonist was introduced in a preceding work or at least shares the same setting, often in a different aspect.

spinach /ˈspɪnɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈspɪnɪt͡ʃ/ spinaches n
épinards épinard
A particular edible plant, Spinacia oleracea, or its leaves.

spinal /spaɪ.nl̩/ /spaɪ.nəl/ adj
spinal
(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the spine.

spinal cord spinal cords n
moelle épinière moelle spinale
(anatomy) A thick, whitish cord of nerve tissue which is a major part of the vertebrate central nervous system. It extends from the brain stem down through the spine, with nerves branching off to various parts of the body.

spinal nerve spinal nerves n
nerf spinal
(neuroanatomy) Any of the 31 paired nerves that originate from the spinal cord.

spindle /ˈspɪndəl/ spindles n
fuseau
(spinning) A rod used for spinning and then winding fibres (especially wool), usually consisting of a shaft and a circular whorl positioned at either the upper or lower end of the shaft when suspended vertically from the forming thread.
essieu
A rod which turns, or on which something turns.

spindly spindlier spindliest adj
frêle grêle
Characteristic of a spindle; slender and of weak appearance.

spindrift /ˈspɪndɹɪft/ /ˈspɪnˌdɹɪft/ spindrifts n
embrun
(nautical) Sea spray (clouds of water droplets) blown from the tops of waves by the wind and whipped along the surface of the sea.

spine /spaɪn/ spines n
colonne vertébrale épine dorsale échine
Something resembling a backbone, such as a ridge, or a long, central structure from which other structures radiate.
dos
The narrow, bound edge of a book that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outwards when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's and publisher's name.
épine piquant
(zootomy, botany) A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.

spinel /spɪˈnɛl/ /ˈspɪn.əl/ spinels n
spinelle
(mineral) Any of several hard minerals of cubic symmetry that are mixed oxides of magnesium and aluminium and are used as gemstones of various colours.

spineless more spineless most spineless adj
lâche
Cowardly, uncourageous; lacking character.

spinet /spɪˈnɛt/ /ˈspɪn.ɪt/ spinets n
épinette
(musical instruments) A short, compact harpsichord or piano.

spinnaker pole spinnaker poles n
tangon
(nautical) A spar used to support the spinnaker.

spinner /ˈspɪnɚ/ spinners n
casserole
A conical cover at the center of some aircraft propellers.

spinneret spinnerets n
filière
The organ a spider uses to spin its web.

spinning /ˈspɪnɪŋ/ spinnings n
filer
The process of converting fibres into yarn or thread.

spinning jenny spinning jennies n
jenny
(historical) An early spinning machine having multiple spools.

spinning mule spinning mules n
mule-jenny
A machine that spins thread from fibres.

spinning top spinning tops n
toupie
A toy with a tapering point that can be made to spin on its axis, either with a built-in pump-action handle, with the fingers or with a string.

spinning wheel spinning wheels n
rouet
A domestic device for making yarn or thread; having a single spindle and a wheel driven by hand or foot.

spinon spinons n
spinon
(particle) One of three kinds of quasiparticle (the others being the holon and orbiton) that electrons in solids are able to split into during the process of spin–charge separation, when extremely tightly confined at temperatures close to absolute zero.

spinster /ˈspɪnstə/ /ˈspɪnstɚ/ spinsters n
vieille fille
(sometimes, derogatory) A woman who has never been married, especially one past the typical marrying age according to social traditions.

spiny /ˈspaɪni/ spinier spiniest adj
piquant
Covered in spines or thorns.

spiny dogfish spiny dogfish n
aiguillat commun aiguillat tacheté
Squalus acanthias, one of the best known of the dogfish which are members of the family Squalidae in the order Squaliformes

spiny lobster spiny lobsters n
langouste
a crustacean superficially resembling a true lobster, belonging to the family Palinuridae.

spiny rat spiny rats n
échinomyie
Any of certain caviomorph rodents of the family Echimyidae, especially of genus Proechimys, that resemble rats and have stiff, pointed hairs, or spines.

spiny-tailed lizard spiny-tailed lizards n
fouette-queue
Any lizard of the genus Uromastyx.

spiracle /ˈspɪɹəkəl/ spiracles n
spiracle
A pore or opening used (especially by arthropods and some fish) for respiration.
soupirail
Any small aperture or vent for air or other fluid.

spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ spirals n
spirale
(geometry) A curve that is the locus of a point that rotates about a fixed point while continuously increasing its distance from that point.
hélice
(informal) A helix.

spiral /ˈspaɪɹəl/ v
spiraler
(figuratively, intransitive) To increase continually.

spiral galaxy spiral galaxies n
galaxie spirale
(galaxy) A galaxy having a number of arms of younger stars that spiral out from the centre containing older ones.

spiral staircase spiral staircases n
escalier en colimaçon colimaçon
A staircase in the form of a helix.

spire /spaɪə/ /ˈspaɪ.ə/ /ˈspaɪ.ɚ/ spires n
flèche
(architectural element) A tapering structure built on a roof or tower, especially as one of the central architectural features of a church or cathedral roof. [from 16th c.]

spirit /ˈspiɹɪt/ /ˈspɪɹɪt/ spirits n
esprit
The soul of a person or other creature.
A supernatural being, often but not exclusively without physical form; ghost, fairy, angel.
esprit moral
Enthusiasm.
esprit élan
The manner or style of something.
spiritueux
(usually, in the plural) A volatile liquid, such as alcohol. The plural form spirits is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages.

spirit lamp spirit lamps n
lampe à alcool
A lamp that burns a volatile liquid fuel such as alcohol, ethanol or denatured alcohol.

spirit level spirit levels n
niveau à bulle
(tool) A tool employing a chamber with a colored liquid (usually alcohol, hence spirit) and an air bubble, used to determine a horizontal or vertical reference line.

spirit of salt n
esprit de sel

spirit way spirit ways n
allée des esprits
An ornate road leading to the Chinese tomb of a major dignitary.

spirited /ˈspɪɹɪtɪd/ more spirited most spirited adj
courageux
Lively, vigorous, animated or courageous.

spirits /ˈspɪɹɪts/ n
spiritueux
(chiefly, UK) Distilled alcoholic beverages.

spiritual /ˈspɪɹɪtjʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪtʃʊəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈspɪɹɪ̈t͡ʃul̩/ more spiritual most spiritual adj
spirituel
Of or pertaining to the spirit or the soul.

spiritualism /ˈspɪɹɪtjuəlɪzəm/ /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃuəlɪzəm/ /ˈspɪɹɪt͡ʃəlɪzəm/ spiritualisms n
spiritualisme
(philosophy) A doctrine, opposing materialism, that claims transcendency of the divine being, the altogether spiritual character of reality and the value of inwardness of consciousness.

spiritualist more spiritualist most spiritualist adj
spiritualiste
Pertaining to spiritualism; spiritualistic.

spiritualist spiritualists n
spiritualiste
One who practises spiritism (a.k.a. spiritualism); a believer in the possibility of communication with the dead; one who attempts to communicate with the dead.

spirituality /ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.tɪ/ /ˌspɪɹ.ɪ.t͡ʃʉˈæl.ə.tɪ/ [ˌspɪɹ.ə.t͡ʃuˈæl.ə.ɾɪ] [ˌspɪɹ.ɪ.t͡ʃʉˈæl.ə.ɾɪ] spiritualities n
spiritualité
Concern for that which is unseen and intangible, as opposed to physical or mundane.

spiritualize v
spiritualiser
To give a spiritual meaning to; to take in a spiritual sense; opposed to literalize.

spiro n
spiro
(pharmaceutical drug, slang)

spirochete /ˈspaɪ.ɹəˌkit/ spirochetes n
spirochète
Any of several coiled bacteria of the order Spirochaetales, most of which are pathogenic to both humans and other animals.

spirometer /spaɪˈɹɑm.ət.ɚ/ /spʌɪˈɹɒm.ɪt.ə/ spirometers n
spiromètre
(medicine) An instrument for measuring the air capacity of the lungs.

spirometry spirometries n
spirométrie
(medicine) The measurement of the volume of air that a person can move into and out of the lungs, using a spirometer.

spironolactone /spɪˌɹoʊ.nəˈlækˌtoʊn/ /ˌspaɪ.ɹən.oʊˈlækˌtoʊn/ /ˌspɪɚ.ə.nəˈlæk.toʊn/ /ˌspʌɪ.ɹən.ə(ʊ)ˈlæk.təʊn/ n
spironolactone

spirulina /ˌspaɪɹəˈliːnə/ /ˌspɪɹjʊˈliːnə/ /ˌspɪɹəˈliːnə/ n
spiruline
A food supplement prepared from blue-green algae of the genus Arthrospira found in soda lakes.

spit /spɪt/ spits n
broche
A thin metal or wooden rod on which meat is skewered for cooking, often over a fire.
crachat
(uncountable) Saliva, especially when expectorated.
crachement
(countable) An instance of spitting; specifically, a light fall of rain or snow.

spit /spɪt/ v
cracher
(ambitransitive) To evacuate (saliva or another substance) from the mouth, etc.
embrocher
(transitive) To use a spit to cook; to attend to food that is cooking on a spit.

spit it out v
cracher le morceau
(informal, often, imperative) To overcome reluctance to say something particular or to speak in general.

spit wad spit wads n
crachat
A wad of spittle that has been spat by someone.

spite /spaɪt/ spites n
dépit rancune
Ill will or hatred toward another, accompanied with the desire to unjustifiably irritate, annoy, or thwart; a want to disturb or put out another; mild malice
dépit
(obsolete) Vexation; chagrin; mortification.

spiteful more spiteful most spiteful spitefuller spitefullest adj
rancunier
Filled with, or showing, spite; having a desire to annoy or harm.

spitting distance spitting distances n
à deux doigts à un jet de pierre
(idiomatic) A short distance.

spitting image /ˈspɪtɪŋ ˈɪmɪdʒ/ spitting images n
portrait craché
(colloquial) The exact likeness (of someone).

spittle /ˈspɪ.t(ə)l/ spittles n
crachat postillon
Spit, usually frothy and of a milky coloration.

spittoon /spɪˈtuːn/ spittoons n
crachoir
A receptacle for spit.

spitz /spɪts/ spitzes n
spitz
Any of several Nordic breeds of dog such as the Pomeranian or Samoyed

splake splakes n
truite moulac
A hybrid fish derived from a male brook trout and a female lake trout

splanchnic /ˈsplæŋk.nɪk/ adj
splanchnique
(medicine) Of, in, near or pertaining to the viscera or intestines.

splash /splæʃ/ splashes n
plouf
(onomatopoeia) The sound made by an object hitting a liquid.
bruit éclaboussure
An impact or impression.

splash /splæʃ/ v
asperger éclabousser
To hit or agitate liquid so that part of it separates from the principal liquid mass.
faire du bruit
To create an impact or impression; to print, post, or publicize prominently.

splash out v
claquer
(colloquial, ambitransitive) To spend a lot of money on something desired but not necessary.

splash page /splæʃ peɪdʒ/ [splaʃ peɪdʒ] splash pages n
pleine page
A page of a comic book that is mostly or entirely taken up by a single image or panel.

splatter /ˈsplætɚ/ splatters n
éclaboussure
An uneven shape or mess created by something dispersing on impact.

splatter /ˈsplætɚ/ v
éclabousser
(intransitive) To splash; to scatter; to land or strike in an uneven, distributed mess.

spleen /spliːn/ spleens n
rate spleen
(anatomy, immunology) In vertebrates, including humans, a ductless vascular gland, located in the left upper abdomen near the stomach, which destroys old red blood cells, removes debris from the bloodstream, acts as a reservoir of blood, and produces lymphocytes.
(archaic, except in the set phrase "to vent one's spleen") A bad mood; spitefulness.
rate
(obsolete, rare) A sudden motion or action; a fit; a freak; a whim.
(obsolete) Melancholy; hypochondriacal affections.
A fit of immoderate laughter or merriment.

splendid /ˈsplɛndɪd/ more splendid most splendid splendider splendidest adj
splendide
Possessing or displaying splendor; shining; very bright.
Gorgeous; magnificent; sumptuous; of remarkable beauty.
fameux
Brilliant, excellent, of a very high standard.

splendor /ˈsplɛndə/ /ˈsplɛndɚ/ splendors n
splendeur
Magnificent appearance, display or grandeur.

splenectomy splenectomies n
splénectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of the spleen.

splenetic /spləˈnɛtɪk/ more splenetic most splenetic adj
splénétique
Bad-tempered, irritable, peevish, spiteful, habitually angry.
splénique
(biology) Related to the spleen.

splenomegaly splenomegalies n
splénomégalie
(pathology) An enlargement of the spleen.

splice /splaɪs/ splices n
épissure
(nautical) A junction or joining of ropes made by splicing them together.

splice /splaɪs/ v
épisser
(genetics) To remove intron sequences from the pre-messenger RNA, and then join together exons.

spliff /splɪf/ spliffs n
joint pétard spliff
(slang, Jamaica, UK, AU) A cannabis cigarette.

spline /splaɪn/ splines n
languette
(woodworking) A strip of wood or other material inserted into grooves in each of two pieces of wood to provide additional surface for gluing.
cerce spline
A flexible strip of metal or other material, that may be bent into a curve and used in a similar manner to a ruler to draw smooth curves between points.
spline
(mathematics, computing) Any of a number of smooth curves used to join points.
cannelure clavette
A rectangular piece that fits grooves like key seats in a hub and a shaft, so that while the one may slide endwise on the other, both must revolve together.
(mechanics) Ridges or teeth on a drive shaft that mesh with grooves in a mating piece and transfer torque to it, maintaining the angular correspondence between them.

splint /splɪnt/ splints n
éclisse
A narrow strip of wood split or peeled from a larger piece.
attelle
(medicine) A device to immobilize a body part.

splinter /ˈsplɪn.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈsplɪn.tɚ/ /ˈsplɪnɚ/ [ˈsplɪɾ̃ɚ] splinters n
écharde éclat esquille
A long, sharp fragment of material, often wood.
faction
A group that formed by splitting off from a larger membership.

splinter group splinter groups n
formation dissidente
A group of members of a political party or of a similar organisation who have decided to create their own organisation.

split /splɪt/ adj
divisé
Divided.

split /splɪt/ splits n
fissure
A crack or longitudinal fissure.
division
A breach or separation, as in a political party; a division.
grand écart fragment morceau
A piece that is split off, or made thin, by splitting; a splinter; a fragment.
split écart
(bowling) A result of a first throw that leaves two or more pins standing with one or more pins between them knocked down.
grand écart
A split shot or split stroke.

split /splɪt/ v
diviser fendre scinder
(transitive, ergative, of something solid) To divide fully or partly along a more or less straight line.
diviser fendre scinder casser couper rompre
(intransitive, of something solid, particularly wood) To break along the grain fully or partly along a more or less straight line.
diviser partager répartir
(transitive) To share; to divide.
(intransitive) To burst out laughing.
s'arracher se barrer se casser se faire la malle se tirer
(transitive, intransitive, slang) To leave.
séparer
(intransitive, of a couple) To separate.

split end split ends n
fourche
A hair which has split at the end, usually from dryness or poor nutrition.

split hairs v
chercher la petite bête couper les cheveux en quatre enculer les mouches
(idiomatic) To consider or argue about fine details; to worry about minutiae.

split pea split peas n
pois cassés
(botany, culinary) An agricultural or culinary preparation consisting of the dried, peeled, and split seeds of Pisum sativum, the pea.

split the difference v
couper la poire en deux
In a financial transaction, to settle on an amount midway between the offer and the asking price.
(idiomatic, by extension) To choose an option or take a position roughly midway between two opposed alternatives; to compromise.

split-second split-seconds n
fraction de seconde
The nick of time; a brief moment.

splits n
grand écart
(dance, cheerleading, gymnastics) A maneuver in which the legs are extended straight out and perpendicular to the body, either to the sides or in front and behind.

splitting field splitting fields n
corps de décomposition corps de déploiement corps des racines
(algebra, Galois theory) (of a polynomial) Given a polynomial p over a field K, the smallest extension field L of K such that p, as a polynomial over L, decomposes into linear factors (polynomials of degree 1); (of a set of polynomials) given a set P of polynomials over K, the smallest extension field of K over which every polynomial in P decomposes into linear factors.

splurge /splɜːd͡ʒ/ /splɝd͡ʒ/ v
se ruer
claquer flamber
(ambitransitive) To spend lavishly or extravagantly, especially money. [from 1911]

splutter /ˈsplʌtə/ /ˈsplʌtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] v
postillonner
To spray droplets of saliva from the mouth while eating or speaking.

spluttery more spluttery most spluttery adj
postillonneux
Characterised by spluttering.

spodumene /ˈspɔdjumin/ spodumenes n
spodumène
(mineral) The mineral lithium aluminium inosilicate (LiAl(SiO3)2), a pyroxene and ore of lithium, sometimes regarded as a gemstone, which may be greenish, yellowish or pinkish in appearance.

spoil /spɔɪl/ spoils n
butin dépouille
(Also in plural: spoils) Plunder taken from an enemy or victim.

spoil /spɔɪl/ v
gâter gâcher
(transitive) To ruin; to damage (something) in some way making it unfit for use. [from 16th c.]
(transitive) To ruin the character of, by overindulgence; to coddle or pamper to excess. [from 17th c.]
gâter tourner
(intransitive) Of food, to become bad, sour or rancid; to decay. [from 17th c.]
dévoiler révéler spoiler
(transitive) To reveal the ending or major events of (a story etc.); to ruin (a surprise) by exposing it ahead of time.

spoilage spoilages n
détérioration
The process of spoiling.

spoiled /spɔɪld/ more spoiled most spoiled adj
gâté pourri
(of a person, usually a child) Having a selfish or greedy character due to pampering.

spoiler /ˈspɔɪ.lə/ /ˈspɔɪ.lɚ/ spoilers n
becquet béquet déporteur
spoiler divulgâchage divulgâchis
A document, review or comment that discloses the ending or some key surprise or twist in a story, or the internal rules controlling the behaviour of a video game, etc. [from 1970s]
destructeur de portance spoiler
(aeronautics) A device to reduce lift and increase drag.
spoiler aileron
(automotive) A device to reduce lift and increase downforce.

spoils /spɔɪlz/ n
pillage sac
That which is taken from another by violence; especially, the plunder taken from an enemy; pillage, booty.
distribution de postes à des membres du parti favoritisme
Public offices and their benefits regarded as the peculiar property of a successful party or faction, to be bestowed for its own advantage.

spoils of war n
butin de guerre
Any profits extracted as the result of winning a war or other military activity.

spoilsport /ˈspɔɪl.spɔɹt/ /ˈspɔɪl.spɔːt/ more spoilsport most spoilsport adj
rabat-joie trouble-fête
Like a spoilsport.

spoilt /spɔɪlt/ more spoilt most spoilt adj
gâté pourri
Of food, that has deteriorated to the point of no longer being usable or edible.
(of a person, usually a child) Having a selfish or greedy character, especially due to pampering

spoilt for choice more spoilt for choice most spoilt for choice adj
[[avoir l'embarras du choix]]
Having such a selection of good choices that deciding which one to pick is difficult.

spoke /spəʊk/ spokes n
rayon
A stick inserted into the wheel of a vehicle to keep the wheel from turning.

spoken /ˈspoʊkən/ more spoken most spoken adj
parlé
Relating to speech

spoken for adj
pris
claimed, reserved, or occupied

spokeshave spokeshaves n
wastringue herminette
A hand tool, mainly for woodworking, used to shape and smooth rods and shafts; often used in carving wheel spokes, chair legs, or arrows.

spokesman spokesmen n
porte-parole
One who speaks as the voice of another person or a group of people.

spokesperson /ˈspəʊkspɜːɹsən/ spokespeople spokespersons n
porte-parole
A person who acts as the voice of another person or a group of people.

spokeswoman spokeswomen n
porte-parole
A woman who speaks as the voice of a group of people.

spolia opima n
dépouilles opimes

spondee /ˈspɒndi/ spondees n
spondée
(poetry) A word or metrical foot of two syllables, either both long or both stressed.

sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/ sponges n
éponge
(countable) Any of various marine invertebrates of the phylum Porifera, that have a porous skeleton often of silica.
(countable) A piece of porous material used for washing (originally made from the invertebrates, now often made of plastic).
ivrogne soulard
(informal) A heavy drinker.

sponge /spʌnd͡ʒ/ v
éponger
To wipe out with a sponge, as letters or writing; to efface; to destroy all trace of.

sponge cake sponge cakes n
génoise sponge cake
A light, soft, baked dessert (commonly layered with cream and jam) that is typically made with flour, sugar, baking powder and eggs, and has a firm, yet well aerated structure, similar to that of a sea sponge.

spongy /ˈspʌnd͡ʒi/ spongier spongiest adj
spongieux
Having the characteristics of a sponge, namely being absorbent, squishy or porous.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ sponsoress sponsors n
sponsor commanditaire
A person or organisation with some sort of responsibility for another person or organisation, especially where the responsibility has a religious, legal, or financial aspect.
One that pays all or part of the cost of an event, a publication, or a media program, usually in exchange for advertising time.

sponsor /ˈspɑn.sɚ/ /ˈspɒn.sə/ v
sponsoriser parrainer commanditer financer patronner
(transitive) To be a sponsor for.

sponsorship sponsorships n
parrainage
(countable, uncountable) The aid or support provided by a sponsor; backing or patronage.

spontaneity /ˈspɒn.tə.neɪ.ə.ti/ spontaneities n
spontanéité
(uncountable) The quality of being spontaneous.

spontaneous /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ /spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs/ more spontaneous most spontaneous adj
spontané volontaire
Self-generated; happening without any apparent external cause.
spontané
Done by one's own free choice, or without planning.
spontané naturel
Proceeding from natural feeling or native tendency without external or conscious constraint.
impulsif
Arising from a momentary impulse.
réflexe
Controlled and directed internally; self-active; spontaneous movement characteristic of living things.
spontané endémique indigène naturel
Produced without being planted or without human cultivation or labor.
soudain
Sudden, without warning.

spontaneous generation spontaneous generations n
génération spontanée

spontaneously /spɑnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ /spɒnˈteɪ.ni.əs.li/ more spontaneously most spontaneously adv
spontanément
In a spontaneous manner; naturally; voluntarily.

spoof /spuːf/ spoofs n
duperie farce
(countable) An act of deception; a hoax; a joking prank. [from 1889]
parodie
(countable) A light parody. [from 1958]
blague
(uncountable) Nonsense.

spoof /spuːf/ v
parodier
(transitive) To gently satirize. [from 1914]
tromper
(transitive) To deceive.
spoofer
(transitive, computing) To falsify.

spook /spuːk/ spooks n
fantôme
(informal) A ghost or phantom.
barbouze espion
(espionage, slang) An undercover agent or spy.
bamboula
(slang, dated, offensive, ethnic slur) A black person.
revenant
(blackjack, slang) A player who engages in hole carding by attempting to glimpse the dealer's hole card when the dealer checks under an ace or a 10 to see if a blackjack is present.

spooktacular more spooktacular most spooktacular adj
spectraculaire
(slang) Spooky and spectacular; wonderfully frightening.

spooky action at a distance n
action fantôme à distance

spool /spuːl/ spools n
bobine
A reel; a device around which thread, wire or cable is wound, especially a cylinder or spindle.

spool /spuːl/ v
bobiner
(computing) To send files to a device or a program (a spooler or a daemon that puts them in a queue for processing at a later time).

spoon /spun/ /spuːn/ spoons n
cuillère cuiller
An implement for eating or serving; a scooped utensil whose long handle is straight, in contrast to a ladle.

spoon lure spoon lures n
cuillère
(fishing) An oblong, concave lure, usually of metal or shell, shaped like the bowl of a spoon.

spoonbill spoonbills n
spatule
Any of various large, long-legged wading birds in the ibis family Threskiornithidae, that have a large, flat, spatulate bill.

spoonerism /ˈspuːnəɹɪzəm/ spoonerisms n
contrepèterie contrepet
A play on words on a phrase in which the initial (usually consonantal) sounds of two or more of the main words are transposed.

spoonful /ˈspuːnfəl/ /ˈspuːnfʊl/ /ˈspʌnfʊl/ spoonfuls spoonsful n
cuillerée
The amount that a spoon will hold, either level or heaped.

sporadic /spəˈɹæd.ɪk/ more sporadic most sporadic adj
sporadique
Rare and scattered in occurrence.
Exhibiting random behavior; patternless.

spore /spo(ː)ɹ/ /spoə/ /spɔɹ/ /spɔː/ spores n
spore
A thick resistant particle produced by a bacterium or protist to survive in harsh or unfavorable conditions.

spork /spoəɹk/ /spɔɹk/ /spɔːk/ sporks n
cuichette cuillère-fourchette
An eating utensil shaped like a spoon, the bowl of which is divided into tines like those of a fork, and so has the function of both implements; some sporks have a serrated edge so they can also function as a knife.

sport /spo(ː)ɹt/ /spoət/ /spɔɹt/ /spɔː/ /spɔːt/ sports n
sport
(countable) Any activity that uses physical exertion or skills competitively under a set of rules that is not based on aesthetics.
flirt
(obsolete, uncountable) An amorous dalliance.

sport /spo(ː)ɹt/ /spoət/ /spɔɹt/ /spɔː/ /spɔːt/ v
jouer
(intransitive) To amuse oneself, to play.
moquer taquiner
(intransitive) To mock or tease, treat lightly, toy with.

sport utility vehicle sport utility vehicles n
véhicule utilitaire sport
A passenger vehicle which combines the towing capacity of a pickup truck with the passenger-carrying space of a minivan or station wagon together with on- or off-road ability.

sporting /ˈspo(ː)ɹtɪŋ/ /ˈspoətɪŋ/ /ˈspɔɹtɪŋ/ /ˈspɔːtɪŋ/ more sporting most sporting adj
sportif
(not comparable) Pertaining to sports

sporting house sporting houses n
maison close
(obsolete) A brothel.

sports betting n
paris sportifs
(gambling) The act of betting on the outcomes of sport matches.

sports car sports cars n
voiture de sport voiture sportive
An automobile designed for high speed and power, tight handling, and flashy looks.

sports center sports centers n
centre sportif

sports club sports clubs n
club sportif club de sport

sports drink sports drinks n
boisson de l'effort boisson isotonique boisson sportive boisson énergétique
(sports) A drink whose purpose is to replenish the body's water and energy levels when doing exercise.

sports ground sports grounds n
terrain de sport
a stadium or piece of land used for sport.

sports medicine n
médecine du sport
(medicine) The branch of medicine that deals with the effects of sport and exercise on the body, especially the treatment of injuries so received, and also studies the physiology of exercise

sportsman sportsmen n
sportif athlète
(UK) A man who engages in sports; an athlete.

sportsmanship sportsmanships n
sportivité
The behaviour exhibited in playing sports, either good or bad.

sportsperson /spoɹtspɝsən/ /spɔətspɜːsən/ /spɔɹtspɝsən/ /spɔːspɜːsən/ /spɔːtspɜːsən/ sportspeople sportspersons n
sportif sportive
Someone who plays sport, regardless of gender.

sportswear n
vêtement de sport
casual clothing that is comfortable to wear when exercising or partaking in sport; activewear.

sportswoman sportswomen n
sportive
(UK) A woman who engages in sports; a female athlete.

sporty /ˈspo(ː)ɹti/ /ˈspoəti/ /ˈspɔɹti/ /ˈspɔːti/ sportier sportiest adj
sportif
Fond of sports.

spot /spɑt/ /spɒt/ spots n
tache
A round or irregular patch on the surface of a thing having a different color, texture etc. and generally round in shape.
bouton
A pimple, papule or pustule.
peu
A small, unspecified amount or quantity.
endroit zone
A location or area.

spot /spɑt/ /spɒt/ v
trouver détecter repérer s'apercevoir
(transitive) To see, find; to pick out, notice, locate, distinguish or identify.
tacher
(ambitransitive) To stain; to leave a spot (on).
détacher
(transitive) To remove, or attempt to remove, a stain.

spot of bother /ˈspɑt əv ˈbɑðɚ/ /ˈspɒt əv ˈbɒðə(ɹ)/ spots of bother n
petit ennui petit souci
(idiomatic) A slight problem; a small predicament.

spot the difference spot the differences n
jeu des sept erreurs
A type of puzzle in which the object is to find a certain number of minor differences between two pictures, usually printed side by side, that are otherwise identical.

spot-backed antshrike spot-backed antshrikes n
batara moucheté
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Hypoedaleus guttatus.

spot-winged antshrike spot-winged antshrikes n
batara étoilé
a passerine bird of the antbird family (Pygiptila stellaris, syn Thamnophilus stellaris).

spotlight spotlights n
projecteur
A bright, directional light or lamp, especially one used to illuminate the focus or center of attention on a stage.

spotted flycatcher spotted flycatchers n
gobemouche gris
A small passerine bird found in Europe, Asia, and Africa, Muscicapa striata.

spotted hyena spotted hyenas n
hyène tachetée
Crocuta crocuta, largest of the hyena species.

spotted nutcracker spotted nutcrackers n
cassenoix moucheté
Nucifraga caryocatactes, a passerine bird slightly larger than the Eurasian jay.

spotted whistling duck spotted whistling ducks n
dendrocygne tacheté
A species of whistling duck, Dendrocygna guttata (family Anatidae), of the Philippines, Indonesia, New Guinea, and northern Australia.

spotting scope spotting scopes n
longue-vue lunette d'observation lunette de pointage
A compact high-power monocular telescope optimized for detailed observation of distant objects such as wildlife or the strike of a bullet on a target.

spouse /spaʊ̯s/ /spaʊ̯z/ spouses n
épouse époux
A person in a marriage or marital relationship.

spout /spaʊt/ /spʌʊt/ spouts n
bec verseur
A tube or lip through which liquid or steam is poured or discharged.
jet
A stream of liquid.
souffle
The mixture of air and water thrown up from the blowhole of a whale.

spout /spaʊt/ /spʌʊt/ v
jaillir
(intransitive) To gush forth in a jet or stream
palabrer
(intransitive) To speak tediously or pompously.

sprachbund /ˈspɹɑkbʊnd/ /ˈspɹɑx-/ /ˈspɹɑːkbʊnd/ /ˈspɹɑːx-/ sprachbunds sprachbünde n
aire linguistique
(linguistics) A group of languages sharing a number of areal features (similar grammar, vocabulary, etc.) which are primarily due to language contact rather than cognation.

sprain /spɹeɪn/ sprains n
entorse
The act or result of spraining; lameness caused by spraining

sprain /spɹeɪn/ v
fouler
To weaken, as a joint, ligament, or muscle, by sudden and excessive exertion, as by wrenching; to overstrain, or stretch injuriously, but without luxation

sprat /spɹæt/ sprat sprats n
sprat
Any of various small, herring-like, marine fish in the genus Sprattus, in the family Clupeidae.

sprawl /spɹɑl/ /spɹɔl/ /spɹɔːl/ sprawls n
expansion étalement

sprawl /spɹɑl/ /spɹɔl/ /spɹɔːl/ v
s'affaler
To sit with the limbs spread out.
s'étaler, s'étendre
To spread out in a disorderly fashion; to straggle.

spray /spɹeɪ/ sprays n
embrun gouttelette
A fine, gentle, dispersed mist of liquid.
pulvérisateur vaporisateur
(countable) A pressurized container; an atomizer.
pulvérisation
(countable) Any of numerous commercial products, including paints, cosmetics, and insecticides, that are dispensed from containers in this manner.
branchette gerbe rameau
(metalworking, countable) A side channel or branch of the runner of a flask, made to distribute the metal to all parts of the mold.

spray /spɹeɪ/ v
pulvériser vaporiser asperger
(transitive) To project a liquid in a dispersive manner toward something.
pulvériser
(transitive, figurative) To project many small items dispersively.

spread /spɹɛd/ spreads n
pâte à tartiner
(bread, etc.) Any form of food designed to be spread, such as butters or jams.

spread /spɹɛd/ v
écarter étaler
(transitive) To extend (individual rays, limbs etc.); to stretch out in varying or opposing directions. [from 13th c.]
répandre disperser éparpiller
(transitive) To disperse, to scatter or distribute over a given area. [from 13th c.]
propager répandre
(intransitive) To proliferate; to become more widely present, to be disseminated. [from 13th c.]
répandre propager divulguer diffuser
(transitive) To disseminate; to cause to proliferate, to make (something) widely known or present. [from 14th c.]
répandre étendre
(intransitive) To take up a larger area or space; to expand, be extended. [from 14th c.]
étaler tartiner
(transitive) To smear, to distribute in a thin layer. [from 16th c.]

spread like wildfire v
se répandre comme une traînée de poudre
(intransitive, simile) To spread or disseminate rapidly or uncontrollably.

spread oneself thin v
[[s']]éparpiller partir dans tous les sens se disperser
To commit oneself to too many projects, so that there is little chance of completing them all satisfactorily.

spread the word v
passer le mot
(idiomatic) To tell a lot of people; to inform as many people as one can.

spreadable /ˈspɹɛdəbəl/ more spreadable most spreadable adj
tartinable à tartiner
Capable of being spread.

spreader /ˈspɹɛdɚ/ spreaders n
épandeur
An object or person who spreads.
A device used to spread bulk material.
séparateur
A spacer or device for keeping two objects apart.

spreadsheet /ˈspɹɛd.ʃit/ /ˈspɹɛd.ʃiːt/ spreadsheets n
tableur chiffrier
(computing) A computer application for organization, analysis, and storage of data in tabular form.
feuille de calcul
A document created with such an application.
tableur
(dated) A sheet of paper, marked with a grid, in which financial data is recorded and totals calculated manually.

spree /spɹiː/ sprees n
frénésie
(in combination) Uninhibited activity.

sprig /spɹɪɡ/ sprigs n
rameau brin
A small shoot or twig of a tree or other plant; a spray.

sprightly /ˈspɹaɪtli/ sprightlier sprightliest adj
animé
Animated, gay, or vivacious; lively, spirited.
vif
Of a person: full of life and vigour, especially with a light and springy step.

sprightly /ˈspɹaɪtli/ sprightlier sprightliest adv
vigoureusement
In a lively and vigorous way; sprightlily.

spring /spɹɪŋ/ springs n
garde
printemps
(countable) The season of the year in temperate regions in which plants spring from the ground and into bloom and dormant animals spring to life.
source
(astronomy) The period from the moment of vernal equinox (around March 21 in the Northern Hemisphere) to the moment of the summer solstice (around June 21); the equivalent periods reckoned in other cultures and calendars.
ressort
A mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched.

spring balance spring balances n
peson
A device for measuring weight or force by the elasticity of a spiral spring.

spring break spring breaks n
relâche relâche scolaire semaine de relâche
(by extension) The week of vacation from school that occurs during the winter-spring semester, which does not necessarily fall within the official season of spring.

spring cleaning spring cleanings n
ménage de printemps nettoyage de printemps
A systematic cleaning of a residence at the end of winter

spring constant spring constants n
constante de raideur constante de rappel
(physics) A characteristic of a spring which is defined as the ratio of the force affecting the spring to the displacement caused by it.

spring into action v
passer à [[l']]action
To begin doing something or become active suddenly and very quickly.

spring onion spring onions n
ciboule
A species of onion (Allium fistulosum) from Asia, with slender bulbs.

spring peeper spring peepers n
rainette crucifère

spring roll spring rolls n
nem rouleau de printemps rouleau printanier
A type of savoury food consisting of shredded vegetables wrapped in a pancake made from rice flour and then fried.

spring tide spring tides n
maline marée de vive eau
The tide which occurs when the moon is new or full; the effects of the Sun and moon being reinforced so that this tide is of maximum range.

spring to life v
naître
(idiomatic) To start to exist.

spring to mind v
passer par la tête venir à l'esprit
(idiomatic) To appear suddenly in one's thoughts, often as an example of something.

spring up v
pousser
(intransitive, figuratively) To come rapidly into existence.

springald /ˈspɹɪŋəld/ springalds n
espringale
(historical) An ancient military engine for launching stones and arrows by means of a spring.

springboard springboards n
tremplin
A diving board consisting of a flexible, springy, cantilevered platform, used for diving into water.
(gymnastics) A small platform on springs and usually hinged at one end, used to launch or vault onto other equipment.
(figuratively) Anything that gives a person or thing energy or impulse, or that serves to launch or begin something.

springbok /ˈspɹɪŋ.bɒk/ /ˈspɹɪŋ.bɔk/ springbok springboks n
springbok
A small, fast antelope native to southern Africa, Antidorcas marsupialis.

springer springers n
sommier
A stone at the base of an arch (from which the arch springs).

springtail springtails n
collembole
Any of various wingless hexapods, of the subclass Collembola, with spring-like legs. [from 18th c.]

springwater springwaters n
eau de source
Water originating from a spring.
Water that is purportedly, and marketed as, originating from a spring, but is mostly or entirely filtered or tap water.

springy /ˈspɹɪŋi/ springier springiest adj
élastique
That returns rapidly to its original form (as a spring does) after being bent, compressed, stretched, etc.

sprinkle /ˈspɹɪŋkəl/ v
asperger saupoudrer
(transitive) To cause (a substance) to fall in fine drops (for a liquid substance) or small pieces (for a solid substance).

sprinkler /ˈspɹiŋklɚ/ sprinklers n
gicleur d'incendie sprinkleur
Anything that sprinkles.
A heat-activated device that sprays water in the event of a fire, usually mounted on a ceiling.
arroseur asperseur
An irrigation device that sprays water into the air whilst moving back and forth.

sprint /spɹɪnt/ sprints n
sprint
A short race at top speed.

sprocket /spɹɒkɪt/ sprockets n
pignon
(mechanical engineering) A toothed wheel that enmeshes with a chain or other perforated band.
dent pignon
(usually, in the plural) The tooth of such a wheel.
coyau
(architecture) A flared extension at the base of a sloped roof.

sprout /spɹaʊt/ /spɹʌʊt/ sprouts n
pousse
A new growth on a plant, whether from seed or other parts.
jeune pousse
A child.
graine germée
An edible germinated seed.

sprout /spɹaʊt/ /spɹʌʊt/ v
germer
(gardening, intransitive) To grow from seed; to germinate.
faire germer
(transitive) To cause to grow from a seed.

spruce /spɹuːs/ spruce spruces n
épicéa épinette
Any of various large coniferous evergreen trees or shrubs from the genus Picea, found in northern temperate and boreal regions; originally and more fully spruce fir.

spruce up v
bichonner
(idiomatic) To dress or arrange smartly, elegantly, and neatly; to smarten.

spry /spɹaɪ/ sprier spriest adj
actif alerte vif vigilant
Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active.

spud /spʌd/ spuds n
patate
(informal) A potato. [from 1845]

spud /spʌd/ pn
Dauphin Dauphine
A game for three or more players, involving the gradual elimination of players by throwing and catching a ball.

spumoni spumonis n
spumone
(US) An Italian style of ice cream dessert made with layers of different colors and flavors (typically cherry, pistachio, and vanilla or chocolate) and usually containing candied fruits and nuts.

spunk /spʌŋk/ spunks n
entrain vitalité vivacité
(uncountable) Courage; spirit; mettle; determination.
foutre
(uncountable, chiefly, UK, vulgar, slang) Semen.

spur /spɜː/ /spɝ/ spurs n
éperon
A rigid implement, often roughly y-shaped, that is fixed to one's heel for the purpose of prodding a horse. Often worn by, and emblematic of, the cowboy or the knight.
ergot
An appendage or spike pointing rearward, near the foot, for instance that of a rooster.
A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale to strip off the blubber.
embranchement
Any protruding part connected at one end, for instance a highway that extends from another highway into a city.

spur /spɜː/ /spɝ/ v
éperonner
(transitive) To prod (especially a horse) on the side or flank, with the intent to urge motion or haste, to gig.
stimuler
(transitive) To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object

spur cell spur cells n
acanthocyte
(hematology) A pathological, irregularly spiked red blood cell without central pallor.

spurge /spɜːd͡ʒ/ /spɝd͡ʒ/ spurges n
euphorbe épurge
Any plant of the genus Euphorbia, a diverse genus of over 2,000 species.

spurious /ˈspjɔ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspjʊ.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspjʊə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈspʊ.ɹi.əs/ more spurious most spurious adj
faux trompeur
False, not authentic, not genuine.

spurn /spɜːn/ /spɝn/ spurns n
coup de pied
A kick; a blow with the foot.

spurn /spɜːn/ /spɝn/ v
dédaigner renier
(ambitransitive) To reject disdainfully; contemn; scorn.
dédaigner
(transitive) To waste; fail to make the most of (an opportunity)

spurt /spɜːt/ /spɝt/ v
gicler
(transitive) To cause to gush out suddenly or violently in a stream or jet.

sputcheon /ˈspʌt͡ʃən/ sputcheons n
batte batte de la cuvette
(chiefly, historical) The metal lining of a scabbard's mouth.

sputnik /ˈspʊtnɪk/ /ˈspʌtnɪk/ sputniks n
spoutnik
(historical) Any of a series of Soviet robotic space satellites, especially the first one in 1957.

sputter /ˈspʌtɚ/ v
postillonner
(intransitive) To emit saliva or spit from the mouth in small, scattered portions, as in rapid speaking.
pulvériser
(physics, intransitive) To cause surface atoms or electrons of a solid to be ejected by bombarding it with heavy atoms or ions.
revêtir, métalliser
(physics, transitive) To coat the surface of an object by sputtering.

spy /spaɪ/ spies n
espion espionne
A person who secretly watches and examines the actions of other individuals or organizations and gathers information on them (usually to gain an advantage).

spy /spaɪ/ v
espionner
(intransitive) To act as a spy.

spy ring spy rings n
réseau d'espionnage
A network of spies.

spyglass spyglasses n
longue-vue lunette d'approche
A small portable telescope.

spymaster spymasters n
chef des services secrets maître-espion

spyplane spyplanes n
avion-espion mouchard
A military aircraft used for surveillance.

spyware n
espiogiciel logiciel espion
(Internet) Programs that surreptitiously monitor and report the actions of a computer user. [from 1990s]

squab /ˈskwɑb/ /ˈskwɒb/ squabs n
pigeonneau colombeau colombelle
(sometimes, attributive) A baby pigeon, dove, or chicken.
pigeonneau
A thick cushion, especially a flat one covering the seat of a chair or sofa.

squabble /ˈskwɑːbl/ /ˈskwɒbl/ squabbles n
dispute guéguerre riotte
A minor fight or argument.

squabble /ˈskwɑːbl/ /ˈskwɒbl/ v
se chamailler
(intransitive) To participate in a minor fight or argument; to quarrel.

squacco /ˈskwækoʊ/ /ˈskwækəʊ/ squaccos n
crabier chevelu héron crabier
A species of pond heron, Ardeola ralloides, which is small, and brown and white in colour; it is found in Asia, Northern Africa, and Southern Europe. [from mid 18th c.]

squad /ˈskwɑd/ /ˈskwɒd/ squads n
escadron
A unit of tactical military personnel, or of police officers, usually of about ten members.
escouade
A group of people organized for some common purpose, usually of about ten members.

squadron /ˈskwɒd.ɹən/ squadrons n
escadron
(military, historical, army) A body of cavalry comprising two companies or troops, averaging from one hundred and twenty to two hundred soldiers.
(military, air force) A tactical air force unit; consists of at least two flights; multiple squadrons make up a group or wing (depending on particular air force).
escadre escadron
(military, navy) A detachment of vessels employed on any particular service or station, under the command of the senior officer

squalene /ˈskweɪliːn/ /ˈskwɑːliːn/ squalenes n
squalène
(organic compound) A linear triterpene hydrocarbon found in shark liver oil and in human sebum; it plays a role in the biosynthesis of steroids.

squalid /ˈskwɒlɪd/ squalider squalidest adj
sordide dégueulasse
Extremely dirty and unpleasant.

squall /ˈskwɔːl/ squalls n
grain
(often, nautical) A sudden storm, as found in a squall line.

squall /ˈskwɔːl/ v
brailler hurler
To cry or wail loudly.

squall line squall lines n
ligne de grains
(meteorology) A line of thunderstorms, hundreds of miles long, with squalls at the advancing edge.

squalor /ˈskwɑlɚ/ /ˈskwɒlə(ɹ)/ squalors n
conditions misérables saleté repoussante
Filthiness and degradation, as from neglect or poverty

squamous /ˈskweɪ.məs/ /ˈskwɑː.məs/ more squamous most squamous adj
squameux écailleux
Covered with, made of, or resembling scales; scaly.

squander /ˈskwɑn.dɚ/ /ˈskwɒnd.ə/ [ˈskwɒnd.ə] [ˈskʷɑn.dɚ] v
gaspiller dilapider gâcher
To waste, lavish, splurge; to spend lavishly or profusely; to dissipate.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squarer squarest adj
carré
Shaped like a square (the polygon).
Used in the names of units of area formed by multiplying a unit of length by itself.
(slang, derogatory) Socially conventional; boring.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ squares n
carreau
carré place
(printing) A certain number of lines, forming a portion of a column, nearly square; used chiefly in reckoning the prices of advertisements in newspapers.
case
A cell in a grid.
équerre
An L- or T-shaped tool used to place objects or draw lines at right angles.
place
An open space or park, often in the center of a town, not necessarily square in shape, often containing trees, seating and other features pleasing to the eye.
carré
(mathematics) The product of a number or quantity multiplied by itself; the second power of a number, value, term or expression.
(1950s, _, slang) A socially conventional or conservative person; a person who has little or no interest in the latest fads or trends: still sometimes used in modern terminology.
(real estate) A unit of measurement of area, equal to a 10 foot by 10 foot square, i.e. 100 square feet or roughly 9.3 square metres. Used in real estate for the size of a house or its rooms, though progressively being replaced by square metres in metric countries such as Australia.

square /skweə(ɹ)/ /skweː(ɹ)/ /skwɛə(ɹ)/ /skwɛəɹ/ /skwɛː(ɹ)/ /skwɪə(ɹ)/ v
élever au carré
(transitive, mathematics) Of a value, term, or expression, to multiply by itself; to raise to the second power.

square bracket square brackets n
crochet
Either of a pair of symbols, [ ], used for various purposes, e.g. to enclose text inserted or replaced by an editor, and to indicate various mathematical operations.

square centimeter square centimeters n
centimètre carré
(American spelling) A unit of area equal to that of a square of sides 1 centimeter.

square foot square feet n
pied carré
A unit of area equal to the area of a square whose sides are one foot long.

square kilometre square kilometres n
kilomètre carré
Standard unit of area, symbol km2, equal to the area of a square whose sides are one kilometre long; 106 square metres.

square matrix square matrices square matrixes n
matrice carrée
(linear algebra) A matrix having the same number of rows as columns.

square meal /skwɛə ˈmiːl/ /skwɛɚ ˈmil/ /skwɛː-/ square meals n
bouffe boustifaille
(idiomatic) A (nutritionally) complete and satisfying meal, especially one suitable for a person performing physical labour.

square metre square metres n
mètre carré
(British spelling) A standard unit of area equal to the area of a square whose sides are one metre long (that is, an area one meter square) Symbol: m2

square number square numbers n
nombre carré carré parfait
(mathematics) Any integer which is the product of some integer with the integer itself.

square one n
case départ
(idiomatic) The place where one begins; a lack of progress.

square rig square rigs n
gréement carré
(nautical) A sailing rig consisting of sails set mainly perpendicular to the line of the keel.

square root square roots n
racine carrée
(mathematics) The number which, when squared, yields another number.

squared adj
carré
(mathematics) Raised to the second power.

squarely /ˈskwɛə(ɹ).li/ /ˈskwɛɹ.li/ more squarely most squarely adv
carrément d'équerre à l'équerre
(geometry) In the shape of a square; at right angles.
carrément fermement solidement
(also, figurative) Firmly and solidly.
carrément
(figurative) In a direct, straightforward and honest manner.

squash /skwɑʃ/ /skwɒʃ/ /skwɔɹʃ/ /skwɔʃ/ squash squashes n
squash
(uncountable) A sport played in a walled court with a soft rubber ball and bats like tennis racquets.
(slang, professional wrestling) An extremely one-sided, usually short, match.
courge
(botany, countable) A plant and its fruit of any of a few species of the genus Cucurbita, or gourd kind.

squash /skwɑʃ/ /skwɒʃ/ /skwɔɹʃ/ /skwɔʃ/ v
presser
(transitive) To suppress; to force into submission.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ squatter squattest adj
trapu
Relatively short or low, and thick or broad.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ squats n
squat
A building occupied without permission, as practiced by a squatter.

squat /skwɑt/ /skwɒt/ /skwɔt/ v
s'accroupir squatter
To sit close to the ground; to stoop, or lie close to the ground, for example to escape observation.

squat toilet squat toilets n
toilettes à la turque
A toilet, usually consisting of a hole in the ground and sometimes a tank, which is used while squatting instead of sitting.

squatter /ˈskwɑtɚ/ /ˈskwɒtə/ squatters n
squatter
One who occupies a building or land without title or permission. [From 1788.]

squaw /skwɔː/ squaws n
squaw
(now, offensive, ethnic slur) A woman, wife; especially a Native American woman.

squeak /skwiːk/ squeaks n
craquement crissement grincement
(countable) A short, high-pitched sound, as of two objects rubbing together, or the sounds made by mice and other small animals.

squeak /skwiːk/ v
grincer piailler couiner craquer crisser
(intransitive) To emit a short, high-pitched sound.

squeal /skwil/ /skwiːl/ squeals n
crissement
A high-pitched sound, such as the scream of a child or a female person, or noisy worn-down brake pads.

squeal /skwil/ /skwiːl/ v
crier balancer cafter crisser dénoncer hurler
(intransitive, slang) To give sensitive information about someone to a third party; to rat on someone.

squeal like a stuck pig v
crier comme un putois gueuler comme un veau
(simile) To utter loud, high-pitched squeals.

squeegee /skwiːˈd͡ʒiː/ /ˈskwiˌd͡ʒi/ /ˈskwiːd͡ʒiː/ squeegees n
raclette
(nautical) A long-handled tool used on ships for swabbing the decks and spreading protective coatings. [1844]

squeegee mop squeegee mops n
vadrouille éponge
A mop with a sponge at right angles to a handle, which is used for mopping floors and by use of a second levered arm may be squeezed out into a standard bucket with no grating or grill as required for a conventional mop.

squeeze /skwiːz/ v
serrer presser comprimer tasser
(transitive) To apply pressure to from two or more sides at once.
pressurer
(transitive) To remove something with difficulty, or apparent difficulty.

squeeze out v
exprimer
(transitive) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see squeeze,‎ out.

squelch /ˈskwɛlt͡ʃ/ v
clouer le bec museler réduire au silence
(transitive, US) To halt, stop, eliminate, stamp out, or put down, often suddenly or by force.
faire flip-flap faire floc floc
(intransitive, British) To make a sucking, splashing noise as when walking on muddy ground.

squib /skwɪb/ squibs n
notule
(linguistics) A short article, often published in journals, that introduces theoretically problematic empirical data or discusses an overlooked theoretical problem. In contrast to a typical article, a squib need not answer the questions that it poses.

squid /skwɪd/ squid squids n
calmar encornet poulpe pieuvre seiche
Any of several carnivorous marine cephalopod mollusks, of the order Teuthida, having a mantle, eight arms, and a pair of tentacles
A fishhook with a piece of bright lead, bone, or other substance fastened on its shank to imitate a squid.
(US, military, slang, mildly, pejorative) A sailor in the Navy.
(UK, slang, humorous, rare) A quid; one pound sterling.

squiffy /ˈskwɪf.i/ squiffier squiffiest adj
pompette
(British, informal) slightly drunk or intoxicated; tipsy

squiggle /ˈskwɪɡl̩/ v
griffonner
To write illegibly.

squill /skwɪl/ squills n
scille
A European bulbous liliaceous plant, of the genus Scilla, used in medicine for its acrid, expectorant, diuretic, and emetic properties

squinch /skwɪnt͡ʃ/ squinches n
trompe
(architecture) A structure constructed between two adjacent walls to aid in the transition from a polygonal to a circular structure, as when a dome is constructed on top of a square room.

squint /skwɪnt/ squints n
plissement des yeux
An expression in which the eyes are partly closed.
strabisme
The look of eyes which are turned in different directions, as in strabismus.
coup d'oeil
A quick or sideways glance.
(informal) A short look; a peep.

squint /skwɪnt/ v
plisser les yeux
(intransitive) To look with the eyes partly closed, as in bright sunlight, or as a threatening expression.
loucher
(intransitive) To look or glance sideways.
(intransitive) To look with, or have eyes that are turned in different directions; to suffer from strabismus.
louvoyer
(intransitive, Scotland) To be not quite straight, off-centred; to deviate from a true line; to run obliquely.

squire /ˈskwaɪə/ /ˈskwaɪɚ/ squires n
écuyer
A shield-bearer or armor-bearer who attended a knight.
châtelain seigneur
A title of dignity next in degree below knight, and above gentleman. See esquire.
majordome valet
A male attendant on a great personage.
cavalier escorte
A devoted attendant or follower of a lady; a beau.

squirearchy squirearchies n
noblesse de provence
The landowning gentry.

squirm /skwɜːm/ /skwɝm/ v
gigoter remuer se tortiller
To twist one's body with snakelike motions.

squirrel /ˈskwɝl/ /ˈskwɝl̩/ /ˈskwɝəl/ /ˈskwɪɹl̩/ /ˈskwɪɹəl/ /ˈskwʌɹəl/ squirrels n
écureuil
Any of the rodents of the family Sciuridae distinguished by their large bushy tail.

squirrel monkey squirrel monkeys n
sapajou saïmiri singe-écureuil
(zoology, primatology) Any of several small New World monkeys, of the genus Saimiri, that live in Central and South America.

squirt /skwɜːt/ /skwɝt/ squirts n
jet
A small, quick stream; a jet.
morveuse morveux
(UK, US, Australia, slang) A small child.

squirt /skwɜːt/ /skwɝt/ v
gicler
(transitive, of a liquid) To cause to be ejected, in a rapid stream, from a narrow orifice.

squirt gun squirt guns n
pistolet à eau
A toy gun used to shoot water.

squirting cucumber squirting cucumbers n
concombre d'âne
The plant Ecballium elaterium, a member of the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae)

squish /skwɪʃ/ v
écraser
(transitive, informal) To squeeze, compress, or crush (especially something moist).

squishiness /ˈskwɪ.ʃi.nəs/ squishinesses n
mollesse spongiosité viscosité
The state or quality of being squishy.

squishy /ˈskwɪʃi/ more squishy most squishy squishier squishiest adj
mou spongieux visqueux
(of an object or substance) Yielding easily to pressure; very soft; especially, soft and wet, as mud.

stab /stæb/ stabs n
percée
An act of stabbing or thrusting with an object.

stab /stæb/ v
poignarder frapper d'un coup de couteau
(transitive) To pierce or to wound (somebody) with a (usually pointed) tool or weapon, especially a knife or dagger.

stab in the back stabs in the back n
trahison
An act of betrayal or treachery.

stab in the back v
prendre en traître
(idiomatic) To betray (somebody).

stability /stəˈbɪlɪti/ [stəˈbɪlɪɾi] stabilities n
stabilité
The condition of being stable or in equilibrium, and thus resistant to change.
The tendency to recover from perturbations.

stabilization /ˌsteɪ.bəl.aɪz.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌsteɪ.bəl.ɪz.ˈeɪ.ʃən/ stabilizations n
stabilisation
(uncountable) The process of stabilizing.

stabilize /ˈsteɪ.bəl.ˌaɪz/ v
stabiliser
(transitive) To make stable.
(intransitive) To become stable.

stabilizer stabilizers n
stabilisateur
Any substance added to something in order to stabilize it, as for example a fuel additive that prolongs the shelf life of petrol.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ more stable most stable stabler stablest adj
stable
Relatively unchanging, steady, permanent; firmly fixed or established; consistent; not easily moved, altered, or destroyed.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ stables n
écurie étable
A building, wing or dependency set apart and adapted for lodging and feeding (and training) ungulates, especially horses.
étable
(metonymy) All the racehorses of a particular stable, i.e. belonging to a given owner.
A group of people who are looked after, mentored, or trained in one place or for a particular purpose or profession.

stable /ˈsteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈsteɪbl̩/ v
établer
(transitive) To put or keep (an animal) in a stable.

stable boy stable boys n
garçon d'écurie
A boy or young man who attends in a stable.

stable equilibrium n
équilibre stable

stabling siding stabling sidings n
voie de garage
(rail, UK) A storage siding for rolling stock, in particular passenger trains not being used in service.

stably more stably most stably adv
d’une manière stable
In a stable manner.

stack /stæk/ stacks n
pile
A pile of similar objects, each directly on top of the last.
(computing, often with "the") A stack data structure stored in main memory that is manipulated during machine language procedure call related instructions.

stack /stæk/ v
empiler
(transitive) To arrange in a stack, or to add to an existing stack.

stack trace stack traces n
trace d’appels
(programming) A hierarchical trace of the function calls made by a program, used in debugging.

stacker /ˈstækɚ/ stackers n
gerbeur
A worker who stacks the shelves in a supermarket.

staddle /ˈstædəl/ v
baliver
(forestry) To mark a sapling to be spared during a cut down of trees.

stadion stadia stadions n
stade
(historical) A Greek unit of distance based on standardized footraces, equivalent to about 185.4 metres.

stadium /ˈsteɪ.di.əm/ stadia stadiums n
stade
A venue where sporting events are held.

stadtholder /ˈstadˌhəʊldə/ /ˈstatˌhəʊldə/ /ˈstædˌhoʊldɚ/ /ˈstætˌhoʊldɚ/ stadtholders n
stadhouder stathouder
(historical) The chief magistrate, then later, hereditary chief of state of the Dutch Republic.

stadtholderess stadtholderesses n
stathouderesse

staff /stæf/ /stɑːf/ [staf] [steəf] [stäːf] [stæf] [stɐːf] [stɑːf] [stɛəf] staff staffs staves n
bâton canne
(plural staffs or staves) A long, straight, thick wooden rod or stick, especially one used to assist in walking.
portée
(music, plural staffs or staves) A series of horizontal lines on which musical notes are written; a stave.
personnel
(engineering) An arbor, as of a wheel or a pinion of a watch.

staffer staffers n
membre du personnel
A member of a staff.

stag /stæɡ/ stags n
cerf
(countable) An adult male deer, especially a red deer.
bœuf
(countable) An improperly or late castrated bull or ram – also called a bull seg (see note under ox).

stag beetle stag beetles n
cerf-volant lucane cerf-volant
Any of numerous large beetles of the family Lucanidae, the males having elaborate mandibles resembling the antlers of a stag
especially, the largest beetle in the UK, of species Lucanus cervus.

stag's-horn clubmoss n
lycopode en massue
Lycopodium clavatum, a club moss in the family Lycopodiaceae.

stage /steɪd͡ʒ/ stages n
étape phase
A phase.
scène
(by extension) One of the portions of a device (such as a rocket or thermonuclear weapon) which are used or activated in a particular order, one after another.
(video games) A level; one of the sequential areas making up the game.
calèche
(theater) A platform; a surface, generally elevated, upon which show performances or other public events are given.
platine
(dated) A place of rest on a regularly travelled road; a station; a place appointed for a relay of horses.
scène étage
(geology) The succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic time scale.

stage /steɪd͡ʒ/ v
mettre en scène
(transitive) To produce on a stage, to perform a play.
mettre en scène forger monter de toutes pièces
To demonstrate in a deceptive manner.
organiser
(transitive) To orchestrate; to carry out.

stage direction stage directions n
indication scénique didascalie
An instruction given to an actor that tells the actor what should be done and in what manner to do it.

stage fright n
trac
(uncountable) A state of nervousness about performing some action in front of a group of people, on or off of a stage; nerves; a lack of self-assurance before an audience.

stage left n
côté cour
(acting) The area to the left of the stage when looking towards the audience

stage manager stage managers n
régisseur
A person responsible for the organization of a stage production, and who is in charge of the stage during the performance

stage name stage names n
nom de scène
The pseudonym of an entertainer.

stage race stage races n
course par étapes course à étapes
(cycle racing) A multi-day cycle race consisting of a series of separate races (called stages) of various types (road races, criteriums, time trials) usually held one stage per day and all linked together by the general classification (GC).

stage right n
côté jardin
(acting) The area to the right of the stage when looking towards the audience

stage whisper /ˈsteɪdʒ ˈwɪs.pə/ /ˈsteɪdʒ ˈwɪs.pɚ/ stage whispers n
en aparté
(theater) A line that is performed on stage as if it were whispered, but is spoken loud enough that the audience can hear.

stage-coach /ˈsteɪdʒ.koʊtʃ/ /ˈsteɪdʒ.kəʊtʃ/ stage-coaches n
diligence calèche
(historical) A horse-drawn coach that runs routinely between two destinations to transport passengers and mail.

staged more staged most staged adj
monté de toutes pièces
Planned, prepared.
mettre en scène
Intended for the stage as in a theater.

stagedoor stagedoors n
entrée des artistes
the door used by actors and other professionals when entering or leaving a theatre

stagflation /stæɡˈfleɪʃən/ stagflations n
stagflation
(economics) Inflation accompanied by stagnant growth, unemployment or recession.

stagger /ˈstæɡə/ /ˈstæɡɚ/ staggers n
chanceler flageoler tituber vaciller
An unsteady movement of the body in walking or standing as if one were about to fall; a reeling motion.

stagger /ˈstæɡə/ /ˈstæɡɚ/ v
tituber
(intransitive) In standing or walking, to sway from one side to the other as if about to fall; to stand or walk unsteadily; to reel or totter.
chanceler
(transitive) To cause to doubt and waver; to make to hesitate; to make less steady or confident; to shock.

staging stagings n
mise en scène
(theater) A performance of a play
The classification of a case of a disease, usually a cancer, into its anatomic or prognostic stage, which is a category of severity.

staging post staging posts n
étape
An intermediate stopping point.

stagnate /ˈstæɡneɪt/ v
stagner
To cease to develop, advance, or change; to become idle.

stagnation /stæɡˈneɪʃən/ stagnations n
stagnation
Inactivity.
The state of being stagnant, without circulation.

staid /sted/ /steɪd/ staider staidest adj
guindé guindée
Not capricious or impulsive; sedate, serious, sober.

stain /steɪn/ stains n
tache
A discolored spot or area caused by spillage or other contact with certain fluids or substances.
souillure tache
A blemish on one's character or reputation.
colorant
A substance used to soak into a surface and colour it.

stain /steɪn/ v
tacher
(transitive) To discolor, as by spilling or other contact with a fluid or substance.
(intransitive) To become stained; to take a stain.
To cause to seem inferior or soiled by comparison.
entacher
To taint or tarnish someone's character or reputation
colorer
(transitive, cytology, histology) To treat (a microscopic specimen) with a dye, especially one that dyes specific features

stained glass stained glasses n
vitrail vitrage vitre de couleur
Glass that has been coloured, either by painting or by fusing pigments into its structure.
vitrage
(architecture) The use of such glass to construct decorative windows, especially in churches.

stainless adj
inoxydable
Describing an alloy that is resistant to corrosion and discoloration.

stainless steel adj
acier inoxydable inox
Made of stainless steel.

stainless steel stainless steels n
acier inoxydable inox
An alloy of iron and chromium that resists corrosion.

stair /stɛə/ /stɛɚ/ stairs n
marche
A single step in a staircase.
escalier volée
A series of steps; a staircase.

staircase /ˈstɛɹˌkeɪs/ staircases n
escalier
A flight of stairs; a stairway.

stairlift stairlifts n
monte-escalier
A motorized platform installed in a stairway, which traverses the stairs when activated and can be ridden by those for whom the stairs are a barrier.

stairs /ˈstɛəz/ /ˈstɛɹz/ n
escalier
A contiguous set of steps connecting two floors.

stairway /ˈstɛəweɪ/ /ˈstɛɹweɪ/ stairways n
escalier
A set of steps, with or without a case, that allow one to walk up or down.

stairwell stairwells n
cage d'escalier
A shaft in a multi-story building enclosing a stairway or staircase.

stake /steɪk/ stakes n
pieu piquet jalon pal tuteur
A piece of wood or other material, usually long and slender, pointed at one end so as to be easily driven into the ground as a marker or a support or stay.
piquet
(croquet) A piece of wood driven in the ground, placed in the middle of the court, that is used as the finishing point after scoring 12 hoops in croquet.
enjeu mise
A stick or similar object (e.g., steel channel or angle stock) inserted upright in a lop, eye, or mortise, at the side or end of a cart, flat car, flatbed trailer, or the like, to prevent goods from falling off; often connected in a grid forming a stakebody.
That which is laid down as a wager; that which is staked or hazarded; a pledge.
poteau
(with definite article) The piece of timber to which a person condemned to death was affixed to be burned.
participation
A share or interest in a business or a given situation.
pieu
(Mormonism) A territorial division comprising all the Mormons (typically several thousand) in a geographical area.

stake out v
jalonner
(transitive) To mark off the limits by stakes

stakeholder /ˈsteɪkˌhoʊl.dɚ/ /ˈsteɪkˌhəʊl.də/ /ˈstæɪkˌhəʉl.də/ stakeholders n
agent d'entiercement
(legal) A person such as a trustee, escrow agent or garnishee, who holds money or assets under trust for another party in a contractual agreement or as part of a claim.
partie prenante intervenant plaideur
(business) A person or organisation with a legitimate interest in a given situation, action or enterprise.

stakeout stakeouts n
planque
The act of watching a location and/or people, generally covertly.

stalactite /stəˈlækˌtaɪt/ /ˈstæl.əkˌtaɪt/ stalactites n
stalactite
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or another mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that hangs from the roof of a cave.

stalagmite /stəˈlæɡˌmaɪt/ /ˈstæl.əɡˌmaɪt/ stalagmites n
stalagmite
(geology) A secondary mineral deposit of calcium carbonate or other mineral, in shapes similar to icicles, that lies on the ground of a cave.

stale /steɪl/ staler stalest adj
rassis rance caduc croupi défraîchi démodé
No longer fresh, new, or interesting, in reference to ideas and immaterial things; clichéd, hackneyed, dated.

stalemate /ˈsteɪlmeɪt/ stalemates n
pat
(chess) The state in which the player to move is not in check but has no legal moves, resulting in a draw.
impasse pat
(by extension) Any situation that has no obvious possible movement, but involves no personal loss.

stalinization n
stalinisation
(politics) The process of stalinizing.

stalk /stɑk/ /stɔk/ /stɔːk/ stalks n
tige
The stem or main axis of a plant, which supports the seed-carrying parts.

stalk /stɑk/ /stɔk/ /stɔːk/ v
traquer
(transitive) To approach slowly and quietly in order not to be discovered when getting closer.
harceler
(transitive) To (try to) follow or contact someone constantly, often resulting in harassment.Wp

stalker stalkers n
traqueur traqueuse
A person who engages in stalking, i.e., quietly approaching animals to be hunted; a tracker or guide in hunting game.
rôdeur rôdeuse
A person who secretly follows someone, sometimes with unlawful intentions.

stall /stɑl/ /stɔl/ /stɔːl/ stalls n
logette stalle
(countable) A compartment for a single animal in a stable or cattle shed.
étable
A stable; a place for cattle.
décrochage
(aeronautics) Loss of lift due to an airfoil's critical angle of attack being exceeded, normally occurring due to low airspeed.
étal
A bench or table on which small articles of merchandise are exposed for sale.
stand étal
(countable) A small open-fronted shop, for example in a market, food court, etc.
cabine de douche
A very small room used for a shower or a toilet.
parterre stalle
(countable) A seat in a theatre close to and (about) level with the stage; traditionally, a seat with arms, or otherwise partly enclosed, as distinguished from the benches, sofas, etc.
stalle
A seat in a church, especially one next to the chancel or choir, reserved for church officials and dignitaries.

stall /stɑl/ /stɔl/ /stɔːl/ v
faire patienter gagner du temps retarder
(transitive) To cause to stop making progress; to hinder; to slow down; to delay or forestall.
engraisser
To keep close; to keep secret.
décrocher
(transitive, aviation) To cause to exceed the critical angle of attack, resulting in loss of lift.
caler
(intransitive, of an engine) To stop suddenly.

stall handler stall handlers n
pousseur tireur
(horse racing) Someone responsible for manoeuvring the horse between the gates before the start of a race.

stallion /ˈstæli.ən/ /ˈstæljən/ stallions n
étalon cheval entier
A male horse kept primarily as a stud.
An adult male horse.

stallioner stallioners n
étalonnier
One who looks after or breeds stallions.

stalwart /ˈstɑl-/ /ˈstɒl-/ /ˈstɔl.wɚt/ /ˈstɔːl.wət/ more stalwart most stalwart adj
robuste
Firmly or solidly built.
courageux vaillant
Courageous.

stalwart /ˈstɑl-/ /ˈstɒl-/ /ˈstɔl.wɚt/ /ˈstɔːl.wət/ stalwarts n
pilier
One who firmly supports a cause.

stamen /ˈsteɪ.mən/ stamens stamina n
étamine
(botany) In flowering plants, the structure in a flower that produces pollen, typically consisting of an anther and a filament.

stamina /ˈstæmənə/ /ˈstæmɪnə/ staminas n
résistance endurance
The energy and strength for continuing to do something over a long period of time; power of sustained exertion, or resistance to hardship, illness etc.

staminiferous adj
staminifère
(botany) Bearing or having stamens.

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ stammers n
bégaiement

stammer /ˈstæmə/ /ˈstæmɚ/ v
balbutier bégayer
(transitive) To utter with a stammer, or with timid hesitancy.

stammering stammerings n
bafouillage balbutiement bégaiement

stamp /stæmp/ stamps n
cachet
An indentation, imprint, or mark made by stamping.
cachet tampon
A device for stamping designs.
timbre
A small piece of paper bearing a design on one side and adhesive on the other, used to decorate letters or craft work.

stamp /stæmp/ v
taper du pied
(intransitive) To step quickly and heavily, once or repeatedly.
taper (du pied)
(transitive) To move (the foot or feet) quickly and heavily, once or repeatedly.
estamper
(transitive) To mark by pressing quickly and heavily.
estampiller tamponner
(transitive) To give an official marking to, generally by impressing or imprinting a design or symbol.
affranchir timbrer
(transitive) To apply postage stamps to.

stamp collector stamp collectors n
philatéliste
A person who takes part in stamp collecting.

stamp duty stamp duties n
droit d'enregistrement
(economics) A tax levied upon certain documents, a stamp being applied to show that tax has been paid.

stamp hinge stamp hinges n
charnière
A small gummed strip of folded glassine paper, used to mount stamps on an album page.

stamp out /stamp aʊt/ v
juguler mettre fin à
(transitive) To get rid of totally; to eradicate.

stampede /stæmˈpid/ /stæmˈpiːd/ stampedes n
bousculade débandade
A wild, headlong running away or scamper of a number of animals, usually caused by fright.
bousculade
A situation in which many people in a crowd are trying to move in the same direction at the same time, especially in consequence of a panic.

stamper /ˈstæmpə/ /ˈstæmpɚ/ stampers n
tamponneur tamponneuse
One who stamps.

stamping ground stamping grounds n
terrain favori
A habitually frequented place; a haunt or hangout.

stance /staːns/ /stæns/ /stɑːns/ [stɐːns] [stɛəns] [stɛːns] stances n
position posture
The manner, pose, or posture in which one stands.
point de vue attitude position
One's opinion or point of view.

stanch /stæn(t)ʃ/ /stɑːn(t)ʃ/ v
étancher
To stop the flow of (blood); also, to stop (a wound) from bleeding.

stanchion /ˈstænʃən/ /ˈstɑːnʃən/ stanchions n
appui étançon
A vertical pole, post, or support.

stand /stænd/ [steənd] stands n
piédestal pupitre socle
A device to hold something upright or aloft.
étal stand
A small building, booth, or stage, as in a bandstand or hamburger stand.

stand /stænd/ [steənd] v
se lever
(intransitive) To rise to one’s feet; to stand up.
être debout se tenir debout
(intransitive, copulative) To support oneself on the feet in an erect position.
attendre être debout
(intransitive, copulative) To maintain one's ground; to be acquitted; not to fail or yield; to be safe.
tolérer
(intransitive, copulative, obsolete) To be in some particular state; to have essence or being; to be; to consist.

stand a chance v
avoir l'occasion avoir la moindre chance avoir une chance prendre le risque
(idiomatic) To have a chance.

stand at attention v
garde à vous

stand back v
s'abstenir se taire
(intransitive) To abstain from participation.
reculer
(intransitive, cricket) (of a wicket-keeper) to stand a long way behind the wicket so as to catch balls from a fast bowler

stand by v
maintenir rester fidèle à s'en tenir à se tenir prêt
(idiomatic, intransitive) To wait in expectation of some event; to be ready.
maintenir rester fidèle à s'en tenir à
(idiomatic, transitive) To remain loyal or faithful to.
(idiomatic, transitive) To support; to continue to support despite things being bad.

stand corrected v
au temps pour moi autant pour moi
(idiomatic) To acknowledge, after someone else's correction of a statement one made, that this statement was indeed incorrect and that this correction is justified.

stand guard v
monter la garde
To guard; to maintain a stance of vigilance in order to protect.

stand in for v
remplacer suppléer
(idiomatic, transitive) To replace; to act as a double or substitute for.

stand on ceremony v
faire des façons faire des manières faire des âties
(idiomatic) To act in a formal, ceremonious, or overly polite manner.

stand on one's own two feet v
voler de ses propres ailes
(idiomatic) To be independent and self-sufficient; to survive without any help.

stand out v
ressortir se démarquer se détacher
(intransitive) To be obvious or conspicuous, in contrast to the surroundings.

stand to reason /ˌstænd tə ˈɹiz(ə)n/ /ˌstænd tə ˈɹiːzn̩/ v
tomber sous le sens
(idiomatic) To seem logical, rational, or reasonable; to make sense.

stand up v
se lever se mettre debout
(intransitive) To rise from a lying or sitting position.
mettre debout
(transitive) To bring something up and set it into a standing position; to set something up.
faire faux bond poser un lapin
(transitive, idiomatic) (stand someone up) To avoid a prearranged meeting, especially a date, with (a person) without prior notification; to jilt or shirk.

stand up to v
tenir tête
(transitive) To object to or interfere with the actions of (someone seen as bullying, pushy, or controlling).
supporter tenir
(transitive) To withstand, to weather, to survive in spite of.

stand-alone /ˈstænd.əˌləʊn/ adj
autonome
Operating, functioning, or existing without additions or assistance; independent; able to be separate or separated.

stand-in stand-ins n
doublure
A person of similar size and shape to an actor who "stands in" for that actor during the lengthy process of setting up a shot, but who, unlike a double, does not appear in the film.

standard /ˈstændəd/ /ˈstændəɹd/ [ˈsteəndɚd] standards n
standard
A level of quality or attainment.
standard étalon
Something used as a measure for comparative evaluations; a model.
étendard
The flag or ensign carried by a military unit.

standard definition n
définition standard
(television) A system that uses a resolution that is not considered to be either high-definition television (720p, 1080i, 1080p, 1440p, 4K UHDTV, and 8K UHD) or enhanced-definition television (EDTV 480p).

standard deviation standard deviations n
écart type
(statistics) A measure of how spread out data values are around the mean, defined as the square root of the variance. Represented with the Greek letter σ.

standard lamp standard lamps n
lampe à pied liseuse torchère
A lamp supported by a tall vertical pole in order that light comes from above those seated in the vicinity.

standard language standard languages n
langue standard
(sociolinguistics) A language that has a standard form as one of its varieties; a language that has undergone standardization.

standard of living standards of living n
niveau de vie
A relative measure of the quality of life a person or group has, often with per capita income (GNI or GDP) serving as a proxy measurement but with some notion of human development as the real (underlying) entity being measured.

standard poodle standard poodles n
caniche royal
A relatively large poodle, measuring more than 15 inches (38 cm).

standard-bearer standard-bearers n
porte-étendard
A person who carries a flag or banner (a standard).

standardise [ˈstændə(ɹ)daɪz] v
normaliser standardiser
To make to conform to a standard.

standardization standardizations n
standardisation
The process of complying (or evaluate by comparing) with a standard.
The process of establishing a standard.

standing committee standing committees n
commission parlementaire
An established parliamentary or congressional committee to which all proposed legislation, messages, petitions, memorials and other matters regarding a defined scope of subjects get referred to and then returned to parliament or congress along with a recommended measure.

standing order standing orders n
ordre permanent domiciliation
(banking) Transfer of a fixed amount from one bank account to another at fixed intervals (e.g. monthly bill payment)

standing ovation standing ovations n
standing ovation
Enthusiastic applause given by people who rise from a sitting position.

standing stone standing stones n
pierre dressée pierre levée
A prehistoric monument consisting of an upright megalith; often in groups

standing wave standing waves n
onde stationnaire
(physics) A wave form which occurs in a limited, fixed medium in such a way that the reflected wave coincides with the produced wave. A common example is the vibration of the strings on a musical stringed instrument.

standoff /ˈstænd.ɑf/ /ˈstænd.ɒf/ /ˈstænd.ɔf/ /ˈstænd.ɔːf/ [ˈsteən.dɑf] standoffs n
entretoise filetée
A device which maintains a fixed distance between two objects, especially between a surface and a sign or electrical wiring.

standpoint /ˈstændpɔɪnt/ standpoints n
point de vue
Point of view; perspective

standstill standstills n
immobilisation surplace arrêt paralysie
Complete immobility; halt.

stanene n
stannène

stanitsa stanitsas stanitsi stanitsy n
stanitsa
A Cossack village.

stannic /ˈstænɪk/ adj
stannique
(chemistry) Containing tetravalent tin.

stannite stannites n
stannite
a dark-gray lustrous mineral, a mixed sulfide of copper, iron, and tin, Cu2FeSnS4, used as an ore of tin

stanza /ˈstænzə/ stanzas n
strophe stance
A unit of a poem, written or printed as a paragraph; equivalent to a verse.

stapes /ˈsteɪ.piːz/ stapedes stapes n
étrier

staphylococcus /ˌstæfələˈkɔkəs/ /ˌstæfɪləˈkɒkəs/ staphylococci n
staphylocoque
A spherical gram-positive parasitic bacterium of the genus Staphylococcus, causing blisters, septicemia, and other infections.

staphyloplasty staphyloplasties n
staphyloplastie

staple /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ staples n
agrafe
A wire fastener used to secure stacks of paper by penetrating all the sheets and curling around.
A wire fastener used to secure something else by penetrating and curling.
aliment de base production principale
A basic or essential supply.

staple /ˈsteɪ.pəl/ v
agrafer
(transitive) To secure with a staple.

stapler /ˈsteɪplə/ /ˈsteɪplɚ/ staplers n
agrafeuse brocheuse
A device which binds together sheets of paper by driving a thin metal staple through the sheets and simultaneously folding over the ends of the staple against the back surface of the paper.

star /staː(ɹ)/ /stɑɹ/ /stɑː(ɹ)/ stars n
étoile vedette
(geometry) A concave polygon with regular, pointy protrusions and indentations, usually with four, five, or six points.
A symbol used to rate hotels, films, etc. with a higher number of stars denoting better quality.
A composition of combustible matter used in the heading of rockets, in mines, etc., which, exploding in the air, presents a starlike appearance.
vedette star étoile
(acting) An actor in a leading role.
étoile vedette star sommité
An exceptionally talented or famous person, often in a specific field; a celebrity.
astérisque étoile
(printing) An asterisk (*) or symbol (★).
étoile astre vedette
A simple dance, or part of a dance, where a group of four dancers each put their right or left hand in the middle and turn around in a circle. You call them right-hand stars or left-hand stars, depending on the hand which is in the middle.

star /staː(ɹ)/ /stɑɹ/ /stɑː(ɹ)/ v
protagoniser tenir le rôle principal
(transitive) To feature (a performer or a headliner), especially in a movie or an entertainment program.

star anise star anises n
badiane chinoise anis étoile anis étoilé étoile d'anis
A plant, Illicium verum, used primarily for its star-shaped seed which resembles anise in scent and flavor, and which is used as a spice. Valued for its decorative shape as well as its flavor. Also used commercially as a source of shikimic acid for the production of Tamiflu.

star apple star apples n
pomme de lait caïmite
The fruit of C. cainito.

star cluster star clusters n
amas stellaire
(astronomy) A group of gravitationally bound stars and other material (such as nebulae and planets), conventionally with one generation of similarly aged stars from the same pre-stellar nebula.

star fruit star fruits n
carambole cinq doigts groseille de Coromandel pomme de Goa
The fruit of the carambola tree, Averrhoa carambola.

star jelly n
astromyxine gelée stellaire
A gelatinous substance that, according to folklore, is deposited on the earth during meteor showers.

star system star systems n
système stellaire
(star) A group of stars (and possibly smaller bodies such as planets or asteroids) that orbit one another.

star-of-Bethlehem n
ornithogale
Any of the genus Ornithogalum of perennial plants mostly native to southern Europe and southern Africa, with clusters of typically white star-shaped flowers.

starboard /ˈstaː.bəd/ /ˈstɑɹ.bɚd/ /ˈstɑː.bəd/ starboards n
tribord
The righthand side of a ship, boat or aircraft when facing the front, or fore or bow. Used to unambiguously refer to directions according to the sides of the vessel, rather than those of a crew member or object.

starburst starbursts n
flambée d'étoiles

starch /stɑɹt͡ʃ/ /stɑːt͡ʃ/ starches n
amidon
(nutrition, countable) Carbohydrates, as with grain and potato based foods.
rigidité
(uncountable) A stiff, formal manner; formality.
amidon apprêt cati empois
(countable) Any of various starch-like substances used as a laundry stiffener.

starch /stɑɹt͡ʃ/ /stɑːt͡ʃ/ v
amidonner
To apply or treat with laundry starch, to create a hard, smooth surface.

starchitect starchitects n
starchitecte
(informal) A celebrity architect.

stardom /ˈstɑɹdəm/ stardoms n
célébrité
The status or position of a performer acknowledged to be a star; fame; celebrity.

stardust /ˈstɑɹˌdʌst/ /ˈstɑːdʌst/ stardusts n
amas stellaire poussière d'étoiles
(informal, dated) A distant cluster of stars resembling a cloud of dust, especially if the individual stars of which cannot be resolved with a telescope.
poussière cosmique
Small fragments of dust-like material found in space; specifically, a type of cosmic dust that formed from cooling gases ejected from presolar stars, which was then incorporated into the cloud from which the Solar System condensed.

stare /stɛə(ɹ)/ /stɛɚ/ v
fixer mirer
(intransitive, followed by "at") To look fixedly (at something).
(intransitive, obsolete) To stand out; to project; to bristle.

starets staretses startsy n
starets
An elder of a monastery in the Russian Orthodox Church who functions as an adviser and teacher.

starfish /ˈstɑː(ɹ)fɪʃ/ starfish starfishes n
étoile de mer
Any of various asteroids or other echinoderms (not in fact fish) with usually five arms, many of which eat bivalves or corals by everting their stomach.

stargate stargates n
porte des étoiles

staring contest staring contests n
concours de regard
a game in which two people maintain eye contact for as long as possible, the loser being the one who is the first to blink or look away.

stark /stɑɹk/ /stɑːk/ adv
tout
starkly; entirely, absolutely

stark naked adj
à poil
Completely naked.

starkers /ˈstɑɹkɚz/ /ˈstɑːkəz/ adj
à poil
(chiefly, British, slang) Completely nude.

starlet /ˈstɑɹlɪt/ /ˈstɑːlɪt/ starlets n
starlette
A young actress with a promising career ahead of her.

starlight /ˈstɑː(ɹ)laɪt/ starlights n
lumière d'étoile lumière des étoiles
Light emitted from stars other than the Sun.

starling /ˈstɑɹlɪŋ/ /ˈstɑːlɪŋ/ starlings n
étourneau
A family, Sturnidae, of passerine birds.
bec
One of the piles used in forming such a breakwater.

starlit more starlit most starlit adj
astré

starry /ˈstɑɹ.i/ /ˈstɑː.ɹi/ starrier starriest adj
étoilé
Having stars visible.
Resembling or shaped like a star.

starship /stɑɹʃɪp/ starships n
vaisseau interstellaire
A type of spacecraft capable of traveling to the solar systems of other stars

starspot starspots n
tache stellaire
(astronomy) The equivalent of a sunspot on another star.

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ starts n
départ début
The beginning of an activity.
départ
The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.

start /stɑɹt/ /stɑːt/ v
commencer débuter démarrer entamer sursauter mettre en route
(transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.

start a hare v
lever un lièvre

start afresh v
reprendre à zéro
To start or restart doing something from the beginning or with a clean sheet.

start off on the wrong foot v
partir du mauvais pied
(This entry is a translation hub.) To begin badly; see on the wrong foot and start off.

start over v
recommencer
(idiomatic, ambitransitive, US) to begin again; to return to the beginning

starter /ˈstɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈstɑː.tə(ɹ)/ [ˈstɑɹ.ɾɚ] starters n
démarreur starter
An electric motor that starts an internal combustion engine.
entrée hors d'œuvre
The first course of a meal, consisting of a small, usually savoury, dish.
titulaire
(team sports) A player in the lineup of players that a team fields at the beginning of a game.

starting block starting blocks n
bloc de départ plot de départ starting block
A peg or angled block of wood or metal pedal used by track and field athletes, mainly sprinters, for getting a quick start in a race.

starting gate starting gates n
starting-gate
(equestrianism, dog racing) A machine used to ensure a fair start to in horse dog racing by opening doors to allow the racing animals out at the same time.

starting point starting points n
point de départ
(sometimes, figurative) The place where a journey starts.
point de départ commencement
The first steps when commencing an activity.

starting price starting prices n
prix de départ
The opening price for an item at an auction.

startle /ˈstɑɹt(ə)l/ /ˈstɑːt(ə)l/ v
sursauter
(intransitive) To move suddenly, or be excited, on feeling alarm; to start.
surprendre
(transitive) To excite by sudden alarm, surprise, or apprehension; to frighten suddenly and not seriously; to alarm; to surprise.

startled /ˈstɑɹt.l̩d/ /ˈstɑːt.l̩d/ more startled most startled adj
effarouché surpris
Surprised and slightly frightened.

startup /ˈstɑɹtˌʌp/ [ˈstɑɹɾˌʌp] startups n
jeune pousse startup
A new company or organization or business venture designed for rapid growth.

starvation /stɑɹˈveɪʃən/ /stɑːˈveɪʃən/ starvations n
famine faim inanition
A condition of severe suffering due to a lack of nutrition.

starvation wage starvation wages n
salaire de misère

starve /stɑɹv/ /stɑːv/ v
mourir de faim
(intransitive) To die because of lack of food or of not eating.
mourir de faim avoir l'estomac dans les talons crever de faim crever la dalle
(intransitive) To be very hungry.
affamer
(transitive) To deprive of nourishment or of some vital component.

stash /stæʃ/ stashes n
cachette planque réserve secrète
(countable) A collection, sometimes hidden; a reserve.

stash /stæʃ/ v
mettre de côté
To hide or store away for later use.

state /steɪt/ states n
état État
A political division of a federation retaining a notable degree of autonomy, as in the United States, Mexico, Nigeria, or India.
(anthropology) A society larger than a tribe. A society large enough to form a state in the sense of a government.
état État Etat
Any sovereign polity; a national or city-state government.

state /steɪt/ v
déclarer
(transitive) To declare to be a fact.
indiquer
(transitive) To make known.

state capitalism state capitalisms n
capitalisme d’État
The form of capitalism where for-profit commercial activities are undertaken by the state; either via corporatized government agencies, or via ownership or control of nominally private organizations.

state funeral state funerals n
funérailles d'État funérailles nationales obsèques nationales
A public funeral ceremony held to honour individuals of national significance.

state of affairs states of affairs n
situation état de choses état des lieux
(idiomatic) A specific situation; a set of circumstances.

state of emergency states of emergency n
état d'urgence
An unusually difficult or dangerous situation in which a government gives itself special powers or suspends normal legal procedures so as to regain control.
A governmental decree declaring such situation.
The status quo following such declaration.

state of exception states of exception n
état d'exception
(law, philosophy) A condition in which ordinary laws or norms have been suspended by a political authority.

state of grace n
état de grâce
(Christianity) A condition free from mortal sin, in which one has the favor of God and enjoys unmerited divine assistance.

state of matter states of matter n
état de la matière
(sciences) Any of the different phases of matter whose properties are dependent on the motions and forces of the molecules of which they are composed.

state of mind states of mind n
état d’esprit
The psychological state of someone's cognitive processes at a certain time; the condition or character of a person's thoughts or feelings.

state of nature states of nature n
état de nature
(philosophy, religion, legal) The way that people lived before there was any organized society.

state of siege states of siege n
état de siège
(law) An exceptional legal condition in which constitutional limits on the powers of the government are suspended, usually owing to military necessity and implying martial law.

state of the art more state of the art most state of the art adj
de pointe dernier cri nec plus ultra
At the highest level of development at a particular time; cutting-edge.

state of the art n
dernier cri état de l'art
The condition of scientific or technical knowledge, particularly the peak or highest level thereof, at a particular time. [from early 20th c.]

state of war states of war n
état de guerre
A state of armed conflict between states, irrespective of a declaration of war.

state religion state religions n
religion d'État
A religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.

state secret state secrets n
secret d'État
Information which pertains to the affairs of a country and access to which is restricted by the government.

state the obvious v
enfoncer des portes ouvertes

state visit state visits n
visite d'État visite officielle
A formal visit by a head of state or a cabinet minister to another nation.

stateless adj
apatride
(legal) Without a state or nationality; not subject to any state.

statelessness n
apatridie
The property of being stateless.

stately /ˈsteɪtli/ statelier stateliest adj
imposant
(of people) Worthy of respect; dignified, regal.

statement /ˈsteɪtm(ə)nt/ /ˈsteɪtmənt/ statements n
déclaration
A declaration or remark.
A presentation of opinion or position.
relevé
(finance) A document that summarizes financial activity.
instruction
(computing) An instruction in a computer program, especially one that returns no value, as opposed to a function call.

stater /steɪtə/ /steɪtɚ/ staters n
statère
A gold, silver or electrum coin of ancient Greece.

statesman /ˈsteɪtsmən/ statesmen n
homme d'État
A man who is a leader in national or international affairs.

stateswoman stateswomen n
femme d'État
A woman who is a leader in national or international affairs.

static /ˈstæt.ɪk/ [ˈstæɾ.ɪk] adj
statique
Unchanging; that cannot or does not change.
Immobile; fixed in place; having no motion.
(programming) Computed, created, or allocated before the program starts running, as opposed to at runtime.

static /ˈstæt.ɪk/ [ˈstæɾ.ɪk] statics n
friture parasites
(uncountable) Interference on a broadcast signal caused by atmospheric disturbances; heard as crackles on radio, or seen as random specks on television.

static electricity n
électricité statique
An electric charge that has built up on an insulated body, often due to friction.

statin statins n
statine
(pharmaceutical drug) Any of a class of drugs (chiefly lactones or pyrroles) that lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood by inhibiting an enzyme involved in its biosynthesis.

station /ˈsteɪʃən/ stations n
station chaîne
A place used for broadcasting radio or television; the broadcasting entity itself.
station gare
A place where one performs a task or where one is on call to perform a task.

station wagon station wagons n
break
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, automotive) A body style for cars in which the roof is extended rearward to produce an enclosed area in the position and serving the function of the boot (trunk) of a sedan / saloon.

stationary /ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsteɪʃəˌnɛɹi/ adj
stationnaire
Not moving.

stationary phase stationary phases n
phase stationnaire
(chemistry) The solid or liquid phase of a chromatography system on which the materials are to be separated or selectively absorbed Wp

stationary point stationary points n
point stationnaire
(mathematics) A point on a curve where the gradient is zero. This point can be a maximum, a minimum, or a point of inflection.

stationer stationers n
papetier
A person or business that sells stationery.

stationery /ˈsteɪʃ(ə)n(ə)ɹi/ /ˈsteɪʃənɛɹi/ stationeries n
papeterie
Writing materials, envelopes, office materials.

stationmaster stationmasters n
chef de gare
(rail) The person in charge of a railroad station, usually an employee of a particular railroad by which the station is owned, but sometimes an employee of a separate corporation, such as one owning a station used by two or more railroads.

statism /ˈsteɪdɪzm/ /ˈsteɪdɪzəm/ /ˈsteɪtɪzm/ /ˈsteɪtɪzəm/ statisms n
étatisme
(often, _, pejorative) The belief that most or all political power should be centralized in national governments.

statist /ˈsteɪtɪst/ more statist most statist adj
étatiste
Pertaining to statism.

statist /ˈsteɪtɪst/ statists n
étatiste
A supporter of statism. [from 20th c.]

statistic /stəˈtɪstɪk/ statistics n
statistique
A single item in a statistical study.

statistical /stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kəl/ [stəˈtɪs.tɪ.kl̩] more statistical most statistical adj
statistique
Of or pertaining to statistics.

statistical inference statistical inferences n
inférence statistique
(statistics) Drawing conclusions about a population from a random sample drawn from it, or, more generally, about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.

statistician /ˌstætɪsˈtɪʃn̩/ statisticians n
statisticien statisticienne
A person who compiles, interprets, or studies statistics.
(mathematics) A mathematician with a specialty of statistics.

statistics /stəˈtɪstɪks/ n
statistique
A discipline, principally within applied mathematics, concerned with the systematic study of the collection, presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data.
statistiques statistique
A systematic collection of data on measurements or observations, often related to demographic information such as population counts, incomes, population counts at different ages, etc.

stative verb stative verbs n
verbe d'état

statolith statoliths n
statolithe
A specialized form of amyloplast involved in graviperception by plant roots and most invertebrates.

statuary /ˈstæ.t͡ʃu.ɛəɹi/ /ˈstæ.t͡ʃʊə.ɹi/ statuaries n
statuaire
The craft of making statues.
Statues considered collectively.
A person who makes or deals in statues.

statue /ˈstæt.juː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃ.uː/ /ˈstæt͡ʃu/ statues n
statue
A three-dimensional work of art, usually representing a person or animal, usually created by sculpting, carving, molding, or casting.

statues /ˈstæt.juːz/ /ˈstæt͡ʃ.uːz/ /ˈstæt͡ʃuz/ n
un, deux, trois, soleil

statuesque /statjʊˈɛsk/ /statʃʊˈɛsk/ more statuesque most statuesque adj
statuesque
Resembling or characteristic of a statue. [from 18th c.]
(of a woman) Elegantly tall, graceful, and attractive. [from 19th c.]

statuesquely more statuesquely most statuesquely adv
statuesquement
In a statuesque way.

statuette /ˌstætjuˈɛt/ /ˌstætʃuˈɛt/ statuettes n
statuette
A small statue, usually a figure much less than life size, especially when of marble or bronze, or of plaster or clay as a preparation for the marble or bronze, as distinguished from a figure in terra cotta etc.

status /ˈsteɪ.təs/ /ˈsteː.təs/ /ˈstæt.əs/ /ˈstɛː.təs/ [ˈstæɾ.əs] status statuses n
état
A person’s condition, position or standing relative to that of others.
état statut
A situation or state of affairs.

status quo /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwoʊ/ /ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ /ˌstætəs ˈkwoʊ/ [ˌstæɾəs ˈkwoʊ] stati quo status quos statuses quo n
statu quo statuquo
The state of things; the way things are, as opposed to the way they could be; the existing state of affairs.

statute /ˈstæt͡ʃuːt/ statutes n
statut
Written law as laid down by a legislature.

statute law statute laws n
droit législatif
(legal, countable) A law enacted by a legislative body, as opposed to a regulation made by the executive branch or case law made by court precedent.

statutory /ˈstætjʊt(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈstæt͡ʃəˌtɔɹi/ adj
statutaire
Of, relating to, enacted or regulated by a statute.

statutory declaration statutory declarations n
déclaration sur l'honneur
(legal) A legal document that is affirmed rather than being sworn under oath.

statutory rape statutory rapes n
délit d'atteinte sexuelle sur mineurs
(legal) An illegal act of sexual intercourse by an adult with a person under the legal age of consent for sex, or with another adult who is not able to consent because of intellectual disability.

staunch /stɑn(t)ʃ/ /stɑːn(t)ʃ/ /stɔn(t)ʃ/ /stɔːn(t)ʃ/ stauncher staunchest adj
fervent
Dependable, loyal, reliable, trustworthy.

stauropegial adj
stavropigiaque
Of or pertaining to a stauropegion.

stauropegion stauropegia n
stavropégie
(initially) In Eastern Orthodoxy, the placement of a cross by a bishop which symbolises his approval of the construction of a church or monastery on the site the cross is placed.

stave /steɪv/ staves n
douve
One of a number of narrow strips of wood, or narrow iron plates, placed edge to edge to form the sides, covering, or lining of a vessel or structure; especially, one of the strips which form the sides of a cask, barrel, pail, etc.
fuseau
One of the bars or rounds of a rack, rungs of a ladder, etc; one of the cylindrical bars of a lantern wheel
strophe
(poetry) A metrical portion; a stanza; a staff.
portée
(music) The set of five horizontal and parallel lines on and between which musical notes are written or pointed; the staff.
bâton
A staff or walking stick.

stave off v
conjurer éviter
(idiomatic) to prevent something from happening; to obviate or avert

stavesacre stavesacres n
staphisaigre dauphinelle staphisaigre herbe aux poux
A highly toxic, perennial plant with purple flowers (Staphisagria macrosperma, syn. Delphinium staphisagria).

stay /steɪ/ stays n
étai
séjour
Restraint of passion; prudence; moderation; caution; steadiness; sobriety.

stay /steɪ/ v
rester demeurer
(intransitive) To remain in a particular place, especially for a definite or short period of time; sojourn; abide.
(transitive, obsolete) To remain for the purpose of; to stay to take part in or be present at (a meal, ceremony etc.).
rester
(intransitive, copulative) To continue to have a particular quality.

stay behind v
avoir une heure de colle
To remain in a classroom or school at the end of teaching, especially to receive punishment.

stay put v
rester là
(idiomatic) To remain in one fixed place

stay the course v
garder le cap

stay up late v
la faire longue

stay-at-home adj
au foyer nicht berufstätig nichtberufstätig
(chiefly, attributive) Of a parent, not employed, and rather devoting more time to one's children.

staycation /steɪˈkeɪʃn̩/ /ˌsteɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ staycations n
restances balconville
(informal) A vacation spent at or close to home. [from mid 20th c.]

stead /stɛd/ steads n
lieu
(obsolete) A place, or spot, in general. [10th–16th c.]

steadfast /ˈstɛdfæst/ /ˈstɛdfɑːst/ /ˈstɛdfəst/ more steadfast most steadfast steadfaster steadfastest adj
déterminé
Fixed or unchanging; steady.

steady /ˈstɛdi/ /ˈstɪdi/ /ˈstʌdi/ steadier steadiest adj
lisse
Smooth and not bumpy or with obstructions.
régulier
Regular and even.

steak /steɪk/ steaks n
steak bifteck
beefsteak, a slice of beef, broiled or cut for broiling.

steak knife steak knives n
couteau à viande
A table knife with a sharp, narrow, and often serrated blade designed for cutting tougher foods such as cooked meats.

steak tartare steak tartares steaks tartare n
steak tartare
A dish made of raw minced beef steak, often served with onions, capers and other ingredients

steal /stiːl/ steals n
vol
The act of stealing.

steal /stiːl/ v
voler
(transitive) To take illegally, or without the owner's permission, something owned by someone else without intending to return it.
(transitive) To draw attention unexpectedly in (an entertainment), especially by being the outstanding performer. Usually used in the phrase steal the show.
(transitive, baseball) To advance safely to (another base) during the delivery of a pitch, without the aid of a hit, walk, passed ball, wild pitch, or defensive indifference.

steal someone's thunder v
[[s']]attribuer les mérites
(idiomatic) To appropriate someone's ideas or information, typically in order to look better at that person's expense.

steal the show v
voler la vedette
(idiomatic, intransitive, entertainment) To be the best performer during a performance.

stealth /stɛlθ/ stealths n
furtivité discrétion
(uncountable) The attribute or characteristic of acting in secrecy, or in such a way that the actions are unnoticed or difficult to detect by others.

stealthily /ˈstɛlθɪli/ more stealthily most stealthily adv
furtivement
In a stealthy manner, furtively.

stealthy /ˈstɛlθi/ stealthier stealthiest adj
furtif subreptice
Characterized by or resembling stealth or secrecy.

steam /stim/ /stiːm/ steams n
vapeur vapeur d'eau
The suspended condensate (cloud) formed by water vapour when it encounters colder air
vapeur
Pressurized water vapour used for heating, cooking, or to provide mechanical energy.

steam /stim/ /stiːm/ v
cuisiner
(transitive, cooking) To cook with steam.

steam bath steam baths n
bain de vapeur hammam
A room or building filled with steam, in which people sit and sweat.
bain de vapeur
The act of bathing by exposure to steam.

steam cracker steam crackers n
vapocraqueur
(organic chemistry) A petroleum refining plant that carries out steam cracking

steam cracking n
vapocraquage
(organic chemistry) The cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons, at high temperature in the presence of steam, in order to produce ethylene, propylene and other light alkenes

steam engine steam engines n
machine à vapeur
A piston engine driven by steam (as contrasted, for example, with a steam turbine).
Any heat engine that uses steam as its primary working fluid to do mechanical work.

steam hammer steam hammers n
marteau-pilon
An industrial machine designed to produce a hammer action through steam power.

steam iron steam irons n
fer à repasser vapeur fer à vapeur
A smoothing iron that includes a system for spraying steam onto the item being ironed.

steam locomotive /stiːm ˌloʊkəˈmoʊtiv/ /stiːm ˌləʊkəʊˈməʊtiv/ steam locomotives n
locomotive à vapeur train à vapeur
(rail) A locomotive, usually for use on a railway, that is powered by steam.

steam train steam trains n
train à vapeur
(rail) A train pulled by a steam locomotive.

steam turbine steam turbines n
turbine à vapeur
A system of angled and shaped blades arranged on a rotor through which steam is passed to generate rotational energy. Today, normally used in power stations.

steam-crack v
vapocraquer
(organic chemistry) To crack using steam cracking.

steamboat /ˈstimˌboʊt/ /ˈstiːmˌbəʊt/ steamboats n
bateau à vapeur
A boat or vessel propelled by steam power.

steamed more steamed most steamed adj
à la vapeur
Cooked by steaming.

steamer /ˈstimɚ/ /ˈstiːmə(ɹ)/ steamers n
bateau à vapeur
cuit-vapeur marmite à vapeur
(cookware) A cooking appliance that cooks by steaming.

steaming /ˈstiː.mɪŋ/ steamings n
cuisson à la vapeur
The action of steam on something.
The method of cooking by immersion in steam.

steamroller steamrollers n
compacteur
(historical) A steam-powered heavy road roller.

steamship steamships n
bateau à vapeur vapeur
A ship or vessel propelled by steam power.

stearic acid n
acide stéarique
(fatty acid) octadecanoic acid; the most common saturated fatty acid; it is found in all animal and most vegetable oils and fats; it is used in the manufacture of soap etc.

stearin /ˈstɪəɹɪn/ stearins n
stéarine
(organic compound) A glyceride (especially the triglyceride) of stearic acid

steatite steatites n
stéatite
(mineral) soapstone (often synonymous; more information at soapstone § Terminology).

steatopygia steatopygias n
stéatopygie
An excessive accumulation of fat on the buttocks.

steatopygous /ˌstɪ.ə.to(ʊ)ˈpaɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.ə.tə(ʊ)ˈpaɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.əˈtɑ.pɪ.ɡəs/ /ˌstɪ.əˈtɒ.pɪ.ɡəs/ more steatopygous most steatopygous adj
stéatopyge
(physiology) Pertaining to steatopygia; having fat or prominent buttocks.

steatorrhea /ˌstiː.ə.təˈɹiː.ə/ steatorrheas n
stéatorrhée
(medicine) The presence of an excessive amount of fat in the feces

steatosis steatoses n
stéatose
(medicine) The abnormal retention of lipids by a cell or organ.

steed /stiːd/ steeds n
coursier
(archaic, poetic) A stallion, especially in the sense of mount.

steel /stiːl/ [stiːɫ] steels n
acier
(countable, uncountable) An artificial metal produced from iron, harder and more elastic than elemental iron; used figuratively as a symbol of hardness.
fusil
A honing steel, a tool used to sharpen or hone metal blades.

steel wool steel wools n
paille de fer
Fine strips or threads of steel, usually formed into pads or balls and used as an abrasive.

steel-toe boot steel-toe boots n
chaussure de sécurité
A type of boot with a steel-reinforced toe area that protects the foot from falling objects.

steelworker steelworkers n
métallurgiste
A person who manufactures or shapes steel.

steelworks steelworks n
aciérie
A place where steel is manufactured and/or shaped.

steely /ˈstiːli/ steelier steeliest adj
d'acier

steelyard /ˈstiːljɑːd/ /ˈstiːljɑːɹd/ /ˈstiːljəd/ /ˈstiːljɚd/ /ˈstɪljəɹd/ steelyards n
romaine balance romaine
A transportable balance with unequal arm lengths.

steep /stiːp/ steeper steepest adj
escarpé abrupt
Of a near-vertical gradient; of a slope, surface, curve, etc. that proceeds upward at an angle near vertical.

steep /stiːp/ v
imbiber imprégner
(transitive, middle voice) To soak or wet thoroughly.
(intransitive, figurative) To imbue with something; to be deeply immersed in.
imbiber imprégner infuser
To make tea (or other beverage) by placing leaves in hot water.

steeple /ˈstiːpəl/ steeples n
clocher
A tall tower, often on a church, normally topped with a spire.

steeplechase /ˈstiːpəltʃeɪs/ steeplechases n
course au clocher steeple-chase
(chiefly, British, equestrianism) A horse race, either across open country, or over an obstacle course.
steeple
(athletics) An athletics event in which the runners have to run 3000 metres round a track, jumping hurdles and a water obstacle along the way

steepness steepnesses n
escarpement
(uncountable) The state or quality of being steep.

steer /stɪə(ɹ)/ /stɪɚ/ /stɪɹ/ steers n
bœuf
The castrated male of cattle, especially one raised for beef production.

steer /stɪə(ɹ)/ /stɪɚ/ /stɪɹ/ v
manœuvrer
conduire diriger piloter barrer guider
(intransitive) To be directed and governed; to take a direction, or course; to obey the helm.

steer clear v
éviter
(figuratively, intransitive, often followed by of) To avoid; to dodge; to sidestep.

steering steerings n
direction
Equipment used to control direction; something used to steer.

steering committee steering committees n
comité de pilotage
A committee set up to determine the order of business for another body, or to manage the general course of an operation

steering group steering groups n
groupe de pilotage
A committee whose function is to arrange the schedules of business for a legislative assembly or other organization

steering wheel steering wheels n
volant barre
A wheel-shaped control that is rotated by the driver to steer, existing in most modern land vehicles.

steganography /ˌstɛ.ɡəˈnɔ.ɡɹə.fi/ /ˌstɛɡ.ənˈɒɡ.ɹə.fi/ n
stéganographie
The practice of hiding messages, so that the presence of the message itself is hidden, often by writing them in places where they may not be found until someone finds the secret message in whatever is being used to hide it.
Specifically: the use of small computer files to communicate secret information.

stegosaur /ˈstɛɡəsoɹ/ stegosaurs n
stégosaure
Any of several extinct herbivorous dinosaurs, of the suborder Stegosauria, having two rows of bony plates along the back. [from c. 1900]

stegosaurus stegosauri stegosauruses n
stégosaure
A stegosaur, a member of the suborder Stegosauria, of the order Ornithischia of the middle Jurassic to early Cretaceous period.
A member of the genus Stegosaurus within this suborder.

stein /staɪn/ steins n
chope
A beer mug, usually made of ceramic or glass.

stele /stiːl/ /ˈstiːli/ stelai steles n
stèle
(architecture, archaeology, obsolete) An acroterion, the decoration on the ridge of an ancient Greek building such as a temple.

stellar /ˈstɛlə/ /ˈstɛlɚ/ more stellar most stellar adj
stellaire
(astronomy, notcomp) Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of stars.
brillant excellent exceptionnel exemplaire extraordinaire
(by extension) Exceptional, exceptionally good.

stellar wind stellar winds n
vent stellaire
(astronomy) The equivalent of solar wind associated with a star not restricted to being the Sun.

stellarator stellarators n
stellarator

stellify /ˈstɛl.ɪ.faɪ/ v
stellifier
(transitive, mythology) To transform from an earthly body into a celestial body; to place in the sky as such

stem /stɛm/ stems n
racine radical tige
A slender supporting member of an individual part of a plant such as a flower or a leaf; also, by analogy, the shaft of a feather.
étrave
(nautical) The vertical or nearly vertical forward extension of the keel, to which the forward ends of the planks or strakes are attached.
potence
(cycling) A component on a bicycle that connects the handlebars to the bicycle fork.

stem /stɛm/ v
équeuter
To remove the stem from.
arrêter
(transitive) To stop, hinder (for instance, a river or blood).
découler résulter
To be caused or derived; to originate.
faire le chasse-neige
(skiing) To move the feet apart and point the tips of the skis inward in order to slow down the speed or to facilitate a turn.
provenir
To descend in a family line.

stem cell stem cells n
cellule souche
(medicine, cytology) A primal undifferentiated cell from which a variety of other cells can develop through the process of cellular differentiation.

stemmatics /stəˈmætɪks/ /stɛmˈætɪks/ n
stemmatique
The study of multiple surviving versions of the same text with the aim of reconstructing a lost original.

stemming stemmings n
dépréfixation désuffixation
A process for removing the inflexional, and sometimes derivational, affixes from words.

stench /stɛnt͡ʃ/ stenches n
puanteur
a strong foul smell; a stink.

stencil /ˈstɛnsəl/ /ˈstɛnsɪl/ stencils n
pochoir
A thin sheet, either perforated or using some other technique, with which a pattern may be produced upon a surface; a utensil that contains a perforated sheet.

stenocardia n
sténocardie
(rare, disease) Angina pectoris.

stenography /stəˈnɑɡɹəfi/ /stɪˈnɒɡɹəfi/ stenographies n
sténographie
The practice of transcribing speech (primarily for later dictation or testimony), usually using shorthand

stenosis /stəˈnoʊ.sɪs/ /stɪˈnəʊ.sɪs/ stenoses n
sténose
(medicine, pathology) An abnormal narrowing or stricture in a blood vessel or other tubular organ.

stenothermy n
sténothermie

stentorian /stɛnˈtɔː.ɹi.ən/ more stentorian most stentorian adj
stentorien
(of a voice) Loud, powerful, booming, suitable for giving speeches to large crowds.

step /stɛp/ steps n
marche étape
A rest, or one of a set of rests, for the foot in ascending or descending, as a stair, or a rung of a ladder.
pas
The space passed over by one movement of the foot in walking or running.
A small space or distance.
(machines) One of a series of offsets, or parts, resembling the steps of stairs, as one of the series of parts of a cone pulley on which the belt runs.
étape pas
Proceeding; measure; action; act.

step /stɛp/ v
marcher faire un pas
(intransitive) To move the foot in walking; to advance or recede by raising and moving one of the feet to another resting place, or by moving both feet in succession.
marcher
(intransitive) To walk; to go on foot; especially, to walk a little distance.

step by step adv
pas à pas
Gradually and steadily.

step down v
démissionner se retirer
(idiomatic) To resign from office; to abdicate.

step in v
remplacer substituer
(intransitive) To act as a replacement or substitute.
intervenir
(intransitive) To get involved; to act

step ladder step ladders n
escabeau
A ladder with steps or treads instead of rungs that is hinged in the middle to form an inverted V, with stays to keep the two halves at a fixed angle.

step on it v
appuyer sur le champignon mettre les gaz
To drive fast; to step on the accelerator.

step on someone's toes v
marcher sur les pieds marcher sur les plates-bandes

step over step overs n
passement de jambe
(football) A dribbling move, or feint, in football (soccer), used to fool a defensive player into thinking the offensive player, in possession of the ball, in which the foot is moved over the ball without making contact with it.

step over v
enjamber

step up v
accroître augmenter
(transitive, idiomatic) To increase, augment, or advance, especially by one or more steps.

step- prefix
beau- bel- belle-
A prefix used before father, mother, brother, sister, son, daughter, child, and so forth, to indicate that the person being identified is not a blood relative but is related through the marriage of a parent.

step-uncle step-uncles n
bel-oncle
The brother of someone's stepmother or stepfather.

stepbrother stepbrethren stepbrothers n
quasi-frère frarâtre frèrâtre
The son of one's stepparent who is not the son of either of one's biological parents.

stepchild stepchildren n
bel-enfant beau-fils belle-fille fillâtre
The child of one's spouse but not one's own.

stepdad stepdads n
beau-papa
(informal) A stepfather.

stepdaughter stepdaughters n
belle-fille fillâtre
The daughter of one's spouse and not of oneself.

stepfamily stepfamilies n
famille recomposée
Any family having one or more stepchildren or stepparents.

stepfather stepfathers n
beau-père parâtre
(in the narrow sense) A husband of one's biological mother after her initial marriage to or relationship with one's biological father.

stepmother /ˈstɛpmʌðə/ stepmothers n
belle-mère marâtre
The wife of one's biological father, other than one's biological mother.

stepnephew stepnephews n
beau-neveu

steppe /stɛp/ steppes n
steppe
The grasslands of Eastern Europe and Asia. Similar to (North American) prairie and (African) savanna. [from 1671]

steppe eagle steppe eagles n
aigle des steppes
Aquila nipalensis, a bird of prey of the family Accipitridae. Previously considered to be closely related to the non-migratory tawny eagle (Aquila rapax) and the two forms have previously been treated as conspecific.

stepping motor stepping motors n
moteur pas-à-pas
An electromagnetic actuator that converts digital pulses of input into analog rotary motion, the degree of rotation being proportional to the number of pulses received.

stepping stone /ˈstɛp.ɪŋ stoʊn/ /ˈstɛp.ɪŋ stɐʉn/ /ˈstɛp.ɪŋ stəʊn/ stepping stones n
gué pas japonais marchepied palier tremplin
(idiomatic) Something used as a way to progress to something or somewhere else.

stepsister stepsisters n
quasi-sœur sorâtre sœurâtre
The daughter of one's stepparent who is not the daughter of either of one's parents.

stepson /ˈstɛpsʌn/ stepsons n
beau-fils fillâtre filsâtre
The son of one's spouse, but not one's own child.

stepwell stepwells n
bâoli
(India) A well in which the water can be reached by descending a set of steps.

steradian steradians n
stéradian
(geometry) In the International System of Units, the derived unit of solid angle; the solid angle subtended at the centre of a sphere of radius r by a portion of the surface of the sphere that has area r2. Symbol: sr

stercoranism /ˈstɜːkəɹənɪzm̩/ /ˈstɜːkɹənɪzm̩/ /ˈstɝkəɹəˌnɪz(ə)m/ /ˈstɝkɹəˌnɪz(ə)m/ n
stercoranisme
The belief or doctrine of the stercoranists.

stercoranist /ˈstɜːkəɹənɪst/ /ˈstɝkəɹənɪst/ stercoranists n
stercoraniste
(Christianity, derogatory, historical) One who believes that the Eucharist undergoes the process of digestion in, and eventually elimination from, the body of the recipient, not just in the empirical accidents of its elements, but as the body and blood of Christ. [from 17th c.]

stere steres n
stère
(obsolete) A measure of volume used e.g. for cut wood, equal to one cubic metre.

stereo /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əʊ/ /ˈstɛəɹ.i.oʊ/ stereos n
chaîne hi-fi
(by extension) Any object or device equipped with audio components that reproduces sound in stereo, such as a stereo console in the home.

stereo- prefix
stéréo-

stereocomparator stereocomparators n
stéréocomparateur
A stereoscopic viewing instrument used in the creation of accurate maps based on multiple aerial photographs.

stereoisomer stereoisomers n
stéréoisomère
(chemistry) one of a set of the isomers of a compound that exhibits stereoisomerism

stereoisomerism /ˌstɛɹɪəʊaɪˈsɒməɹɪzəm/ stereoisomerisms n
stéréoisomérie
(chemistry) A form of isomerism in which atoms are arranged differently about a chiral centre (or centre of asymmetry). They exhibit optical activity, and in a molecule with a single chiral centre the two isomers (enantiomers) are mirror images of each other whereas in a molecule with multiple chiral centres the isomers (diastereoisomers) are not normally mirror images.

stereolithography n
stéréolithographie
A means of rapid prototyping in which a laser hardens successive layers of a photopolymer to create a part with a shape defined by a computer model.

stereometry /stɛɹiːˈɒmətɹi/ n
stéréométrie
(now, _, rare) The science of measuring the volume of solids or solid bodies.

stereophony n
stéréophonie
The reproduction of stereophonic sound.

stereotomy /stɛɹiːˈɒtəmi/ n
stéréotomie
(geometry, masonry) The cutting or dissection of solids.

stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ /ˈstɪə.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ stereotypes n
stéréotype cliché
A conventional, formulaic, and often oversimplified or exaggerated conception, opinion, or image of (a person or a group of people).
(software engineering) An extensibility mechanism of the Unified Modeling Language, allowing a new element to be derived from an existing one with added specializations.
cliché stéréotype
(printing) A metal printing plate cast from a matrix moulded from a raised printing surface.

stereotype /ˈstɛ.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ /ˈstɪə.ɹi.əˌtaɪp/ v
clicher stéréotyper
(transitive) To make a stereotype of someone or something, or characterize someone by a stereotype.

stereotypical more stereotypical most stereotypical adj
stéréotypé
Pertaining to a stereotype; conventional

sterile /ˈstɛɹaɪl/ /ˈstɛɹəl/ more sterile most sterile adj
stérile
(uncomparable) Unable to reproduce (or procreate).
Germless; free from all living or viable microorganisms.

sterilizable adj
stérilisable
Able to be sterilized; able to go through sterilization.

sterilization sterilizations n
stérilisation
(uncountable) The process of treating something to kill or inactivate microorganisms.
(uncountable) A procedure to permanently prevent an organism from reproducing.

sterilize /ˈstɛrɪlʌɪz/ v
stériliser
(transitive) To make unable to produce; to make unprofitable.
(transitive, biology) To kill, deactivate (denature), or destroy (break apart) all living, viable microorganisms and spores on a surface, in a fluid, or contained in a compound, such as culture media or a medical product.

sterling silver n
argent fin
An alloy containing not less than 92.5 percent silver, the remainder usually being copper.

stern /stɜːn/ /stɝn/ sterner sternest adj
sévère
Having a hardness and severity of nature or manner.
austère
Grim and forbidding in appearance.

stern /stɜːn/ /stɝn/ sterns n
poupe arrière
(nautical) The rear part or after end of a ship or vessel.

sternal /ˈstɜː.nl̩/ /ˈstɜː.nəl/ /ˈstɝ.nl̩/ adj
sternal

sternpost sternposts n
étambot
(nautical) A timber or steel bar extending from the keel to the main deck at the stern of a vessel.

steroid /ˈstɛɹɔɪd/ /ˈstɪəɹɔɪd/ steroids n
stéroïde
(biochemistry, organic compound) A class of organic compounds having a structure of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings; they are lipids, and occur naturally as sterols, bile acids, adrenal and sex hormones, and some vitamins; many drugs are synthetic steroids.

steroidal adj
stéroïdien
(steroid) Of, being, or derived from a steroid.

stertorous /ˈstɜː.təɹ.əs/ /ˈstɝ.tɚ.əs/ more stertorous most stertorous adj
stertoreux
Sounding like snoring or snorting.

stethoscope /ˈstɛθəskəʊp/ /ˈstɛθəsˌkoʊp/ stethoscopes n
stéthoscope
(medicine) A medical instrument used for listening to sounds produced within the body.

stevedore /ˈstivəˌdɔɹ/ /ˈstiːvəˌdɔː(ɹ)/ stevedores n
stevedore aconier manutentionnaire
A dockworker involved in loading and unloading cargo, or in supervising such work. [from 18th c.]

stevia /ˈstiːvɪə/ /ˈstɛvɪə/ stevias n
stévie stévia
Any of the sweet herbs of genus Stevia, native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America and western North America. [from 19th c.]
stévie
A sweetener, many times sweeter than an equal amount of sugar, extracted from Stevia rebaudiana, that can be substituted for sugar for some purposes.

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ stews n
ragoût
(uncountable, countable) A dish cooked by stewing. [from 18th c.]

stew /stjuː/ /stu/ /stʃuː/ /stʃʉː/ v
mijoter
(transitive, or, intransitive, or, ergative) To cook (food) by slowly boiling or simmering.
faire du thé
(transitive) To brew (tea) for too long, so that the flavour becomes too strong.
transpirer étouffer
(intransitive, figuratively) To suffer under uncomfortably hot conditions.
frissonner frémir trembler
(intransitive, figuratively) To be in a state of elevated anxiety or anger.

steward /ˈstjuː.əd/ /ˈstuɚd/ stewardess stewards n
intendant
(higher education) An officer who provides food for the students and superintends the kitchen; also, an officer who attends to the accounts of the students.

stewardess /stjuː.əˈdɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɛs/ /ˈstjuː.ə.dɪs/ /ˈstjʊə.dɪs/ /ˈstu.ɚ.dɪs/ /ˈstʊɹ.dɪs/ stewardesses stewardii n
hôtesse de l'air agente de bord stewardess
A female flight attendant (a member of the crew of an airplane who is responsible for the comfort and safety of its passengers).

stewardship stewardships n
intendant
The rank or office of a steward.

stewpot stewpots n
fait-tout
A pot used for making stew, usually large and heavy.

sth pronoun
qlqch qqch
abbreviation of something in explanation

stichomythia /stɪkəˈmɪθɪə/ stichomythias n
stichomythie
(poetry) A technique in drama or poetry, in which alternating lines, or half-lines, are given to alternating characters, voices, or entities.

stick /stɪk/ sticks n
bâton
A small, thin branch from a tree or bush; a twig; a branch.
bâton canne
A relatively long, thin piece of wood, of any size.
a stick of butter (chiefly, North America) A small rectangular block, with a length several times its width, which contains by volume one half of a cup of shortening (butter, margarine or lard).
(figurative) A negative stimulus or a punishment. (This sense derives from the metaphor of using a stick, a long piece of wood, to poke or beat a beast of burden to compel it to move forward.)
canne bâton
A cane or walking stick (usually wooden, metal or plastic) to aid in walking.
crosse
(hockey) The potential accuracy of a hockey stick, implicating also the player using it.

stick /stɪk/ v
ficher
(transitive) To place, set down (quickly or carelessly).
enfoncer planter
(transitive) To press (something with a sharp point) into something else.
bouturer
(botany, transitive) To propagate plants by cuttings.
(transitive, joinery) To run or plane (mouldings) in a machine, in contradistinction to working them by hand. Such mouldings are said to be stuck.
coller coincer rester
(dated, transitive) To bring to a halt; to stymie; to puzzle.
coller
(transitive, slang, dated) To impose upon; to compel to pay; sometimes, to cheat.

stick 'em up phraseologicalUnit
haut les mains
A command stereotypically given by robbers, particularly when pointing a gun: Put your hands in the air! Surrender!

stick figure stick figures n
bonhomme allumette bonhomme bâton
A line drawing with a circle for the head and straight lines for the torso and limbs.
A simple drawing, usually representing a human.

stick in someone's craw v
rester en travers de la gorge

stick insect stick insects n
phasme
Any of various insects of the order Phasmida that mimic sticks or twigs.

stick one's neck out v
mouiller sa chemise se mouiller
(idiomatic) To take a risk, putting oneself in a vulnerable position.

stick one's nose in v
fourrer son nez
(informal) To be nosy; to meddle or interfere in the affairs of another.

stick one's nose into v
fourrer son nez
(idiomatic) To interfere or try to intervene in (an issue that does not concern one).

stick one's oar in v
mettre son grain de sel

stick one's tongue out /stɪk wʌnz tʌŋ aʊt/ v
tirer la langue
To push one's tongue so that it protrudes from the mouth, especially as a gesture of rudeness.

stick out v
dépasser
(intransitive) To protrude; to extend beyond.
se démarquer
(idiomatic, intransitive) To be prominent, noticeable, or obtrusive.

stick out a mile v
crever les yeux sauter aux yeux
To be plain for all to see, obvious, easy to see, very noticeable.

stick out like a sore thumb v
détonner faire tache
(simile) Be very noticeably different, especially in a negative way; to be particularly obtrusive, conspicuous, blatant, or prominent; to attract undue attention or notice.

stick to one's guns v
camper sur ses positions
(idiomatic, by extension) To maintain one’s position or viewpoint when faced with opposition.

stick to someone's ribs v
tenir au corps

stick up v
coller
(transitive) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see stick,‎ up. To put or post up by sticking.
rester
(transitive, idiomatic) To rob at gunpoint.
défendre
(intransitive, with to) To defy, to confront, to stand up to.

stick up one's ass n
avoir un balai dans le cul
(North America, vulgar, figuratively) A stiff, stern, uptight, or humorless manner.

sticker /ˈstɪkə/ /ˈstɪkɚ/ stickers n
autocollant
An adhesive label or decal.
baguette
A wooden strip placed between courses of lumber to allow air circulation (also kiln sticker).

stickiness stickinesses n
adhérence
The property of sticking or adhering; adhesion.

stickleback sticklebacks n
épinoche
Any one of numerous species of small fish of the family Gasterosteidae. The back is armed with two or more sharp spines. They inhabit both salt and brackish water, and construct nests from weeds.

stickler /ˈstɪk.lə/ sticklers n
pointilleux tatillon
Someone who insistently advocates for something, especially for strict observance of a formal rule. [from 17th c.]

sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me phraseologicalUnit
la bave du crapaud n'atteint pas la blanche colombe
(idiom) A response to taunting proclaiming the speaker's indifference.

sticky /ˈstɪki/ stickier stickiest adj
collant gluant poisseux
Tending to stick; able to adhere via the drying of a viscous substance.
collant
(finance) Tending to stay the same; resistant to change.
(Internet, of a website) Compelling enough to keep visitors from leaving.

sticky fingers n
chapardeur
(idiomatic) Petty thieves.

sticky-backed plastic n
film plastique
(British) large sheet of thin, soft, coloured plastic that is sticky on one side

stiff /stɪf/ stiffer stiffest adj
raide rigide
(of an, object) Rigid; hard to bend; inflexible.
rigide
(figurative, of, _, policies and rules and their application and enforcement) Inflexible; rigid.
raide
(of a, person) Formal in behavior; unrelaxed.
(of, _, muscles or parts of the body) Painful as a result of excessive or unaccustomed exercise.

stiff /stɪf/ stiffs n
macchabée
(slang) A cadaver; a dead person.

stiff neck stiff necks n
torticolis
Discomfort or pain when trying to turn or move the neck.

stiffen /ˈstɪfən/ v
raidir endurcir
(transitive) To make stiff.
s'endurcir se raidir
(intransitive) To become stiff.

stiffly /ˈstɪfli/ more stiffly most stiffly adv
rigidement
In a stiff manner.

stiffness stiffnesses n
raideur rigidité
rigidity or a measure of rigidity.
inflexibilité
inflexibility or a measure of inflexibility.
raideur
inelegance; a lack of relaxedness.

stifle /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ /ˈstaɪfl̩/ stifles n
grasset
(zootomy) The joint between the femur and tibia in the hind leg of various four-legged mammals, especially horses, corresponding to the knee in humans.

stifle /ˈstaɪf(ə)l/ /ˈstaɪfl̩/ v
étouffer
(transitive, also, figuratively) To make (an animal or person) unconscious or cause (an animal or person) death by preventing breathing; to smother, to suffocate.
(transitive, also, figuratively) To prevent (a breath, cough, or cry, or the voice, etc.) from being released from the throat.
(transitive) To make (something) unable to be heard by blocking it with some medium.
réprimer
(transitive) To keep in, hold back, or repress (something).
suffoquer
(intransitive) To die of suffocation.

stifling more stifling most stifling adj
étouffant
That stifles.

stigma /ˈstɪɡmə/ stigmas n
stigmate
A mark of infamy or disgrace.
A scar or birthmark.
(Christianity, chiefly, _, in the plural, _, stigmata) A mark on the body corresponding to one of the wounds of the Crucifixion on Jesus' body, and sometimes reported to bleed periodically.
stigma
(typography) A ligature of the Greek letters sigma and tau, (Ϛ/ϛ).

stigmatic /stɪɡˈmætɪk/ stigmatics n
stigmatisé
One who displays stigmata, the five wounds of Christ.

stigmatism /ˈstɪɡməˌtɪzəm/ stigmatisms n
stigmatisme
(optics) Image-formation property of an optical system which focuses a single point source in object space into a single point in image space

stigmatization stigmatizations n
stigmatisation
The process or act of stigmatizing.

stigmatize /ˈstɪɡmətaɪz/ v
stigmatiser
(transitive) To characterize as disgraceful or ignominious; to mark with a stigma or stigmata.

stigmatized more stigmatized most stigmatized adj
stigmatisé
Subject to a stigma; marked as an outcast.

stigmatophore stigmatophores n
stigmatophore

stile /staɪl/ stiles n
échalier
A set of one or more steps surmounting a fence or wall, or a narrow gate or contrived passage through a fence or wall, which in either case allows people but not livestock to pass.
montant
A vertical component of a frame or panel, such as that of a door, window, or ladder.

stiletto /stɪˈlɛtoʊ/ /stɪˈlɛtəʊ/ [stɪˈlɛɾoʊ] stiletti stilettoes stilettos n
stylet
A small, slender knife or dagger-like weapon intended for stabbing.
talon aiguille
A woman's shoe with a tall, slender heel (called a stiletto heel).

stiletto heel stiletto heels n
talon aiguille
A heel of a shoe that is very high and narrow, at least 10 centimeters (4 inches).

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] more still most still stiller stillest adj
calme immobile
Not moving; calm.
plate
Not effervescing; not sparkling.

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] adv
encore toujours
(aspect) Up to a time, as in the preceding time.
encore
(degree) To an even greater degree. Used to modify comparative adjectives or adverbs.
néanmoins quand même
(conjunctive) Nevertheless.

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] stills n
alambic
A device for distilling liquids.
photogramme
(photography) A photograph, as opposed to movie footage.

still /stɪl/ [stɪɫ] v
calmer
To calm down, to quiet.

still life still lifes still lives n
nature morte
(painting) A work of art depicting an arrangement of inanimate objects.

still water still waters n
eau plate
Water with no carbonation.

still waters run deep proverb
il faut se méfier de l’eau qui dort
A person with a calm appearance has, or may have, considerable inner emotion, character, or intellect.

stillbirth stillbirths n
mortinaissance mortinatalité
The birth of a dead fetus; the delivery of an infant which is dead at birth.

stillborn /ˈstɪlbɔː(ɹ)n/ adj
morte-née
mort-né
Dead at birth.

stillness /ˈstɪlnəs/ stillnesses n
calme immobilité
The quality or state of being still.

stilt /stɪlt/ stilts n
échasse
Either of two poles with footrests that allow someone to stand or walk above the ground; used mostly by entertainers.
pilotis échasse
A tall pillar or post used to support some structure; often above water.
échassier
Any of various wading birds of the genera Himantopus and Cladorhynchus, related to the avocet, that have extremely long legs and long thin bills.
mancheron
The handle of a plough.

stilt sandpiper stilt sandpipers n
bécasseau à échasses
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris himantopus)

stilted /ˈstɪltɪd/ more stilted most stilted adj
guindé
(figuratively) Elevated or raised in a contrived or unnatural way; stiff and artificially formal or pompous; also, depending on redundant, unnecessary elements.

stiltwalker stiltwalkers n
échassier
A person who walks on stilts.

stim /stɪm/ stims n
stim stimulant
(slang) (drug).
autostimulation stim
(psychology, autism) Any repetitive self-stimulatory behavior (e.g. hand flapping, head banging, repeating noises or words), frequent in people on the autism spectrum.

stim /stɪm/ v
stimmer s’autostimuler
(psychology) To perform such a repetitive self-stimulatory action.

stimulant /ˈstɪmjʊlənt/ stimulants n
stimulant excitant
(pharmaceutical drug) A substance that acts to increase physiological or nervous activity in the body.

stimulate /ˈstɪm.jəˌleɪt/ /ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪt/ v
stimuler
To encourage into action.
To arouse an organism to functional activity.

stimulating more stimulating most stimulating adj
stimulant
Having a manner that stimulates.

stimulation stimulations n
stimulation
A pushing or goading toward action. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
(biology) Any action or condition that creates a response; sensory input. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]
An activity causing excitement or pleasure; the act of stimulating.

stimulator stimulators n
stimulateur
A person, device or substance that stimulates.

stimulus /ˈstɪm.jə.ləs/ stimuli stimuluses n
stimulus
An external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon; for example, a spur or incentive that drives a person to take action or change behaviour.

sting /stɪŋ/ stings n
piqûre
A bump left on the skin after having been stung.
A puncture made by an insect or arachnid in an attack, usually including the injection of venom.

sting /stɪŋ/ v
piquer
(transitive, of an insect or arachnid) To puncture with the stinger.
(intransitive, sometimes figurative) To hurt, to be in pain (physically or emotionally).

stinger /ˈstɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɪŋ.ɚ/ stingers n
dard aiguillon
A pointed portion of an insect or arachnid used for attack.

stinginess stinginesses n
avarice pingrerie radinerie
A lack of generosity; an excessive reluctance to spend money.

stingray /ˈstɪŋˌɹeɪ/ stingrays n
pastenague raie à aiguillon
Any of various large, venomous rays, of the orders Rajiformes and Myliobatiformes, having a barbed, whiplike tail.

stingy /ˈstɪnd͡ʒi/ stingier stingiest adj
radin pingre chiche rapiat
Unwilling to spend, give, or share; ungenerous; mean

stingy /ˈstɪŋi/ stingier stingiest adj
piquant
(informal) Stinging; able or inclined to sting.

stink /stɪŋk/ stinks n
puanteur
A strong bad smell.
tapage
(informal) A complaint or objection.

stink /stɪŋk/ v
puer empester
(intransitive) To have a strong bad smell.

stink up v
empester empuantir
(transitive, informal) To cause to stink.

stinkbomb stinkbombs n
boule puante
A device that produces a burst of unpleasant odors.

stinkbug stinkbugs n
punaise des bois
(entomology) Any of various insects of the Hemiptera order (the "true bugs"), in the Heteroptera suborder, principally in the superfamilies Pentatomoidea and Coreoidea.

stinker /ˈstɪŋ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɪŋ.kɚ/ stinkers n
puant pueur
One who stinks.

stinky /ˈstɪŋki/ more stinky most stinky stinkier stinkiest adj
fétide malodorant puant
Having a strong, unpleasant smell; stinking.

stinky tofu n
tofu puant
A form of fermented tofu known for its strong odour, usually sold as street food in Asia.

stint /stɪnt/ stints n
passage séjour
A period of time spent doing or being something; a spell.

stipend /-pn̩d/ /-pənd/ /ˈstaɪpɛnd/ /ˈstaɪˌpɛnd/ stipends n
rente
(archaic) A regular fixed payment made to someone (especially a clergyman, judge, soldier, or teacher) for services provided by them; a salary. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

stipulate /ˈstɪpjuˌleɪt/ /ˈstɪpjəˌleɪt/ v
stipuler
(transitive) To require (something) as a condition of a contract or agreement.
(transitive) To specify, promise or guarantee something in an agreement.

stipulation /ˌstɪp.jəˈleɪ.ʃən/ stipulations n
clause
Something that is stated or stipulated as a condition of an agreement.

stipule /ˈstɪpjuːl/ stipules n
stipule
(botany) A basal appendage of a typical leaf of a flowering plant, usually appearing paired beside the petiole although sometimes absent or highly modified.

stir /stɜː/ /stɝ/ stirs n
tumulte
Agitation of thoughts; conflicting passions.

stir /stɜː/ /stɝ/ v
remuer touiller
(transitive) To disturb the relative position of the particles of (a liquid or similar) by passing an object through it.
(transitive) To disturb the content of (a container) by passing an object through it.
bouger
(transitive, dated) To change the place of in any manner; to move.
agiter
(intransitive) To be in motion; to be active or bustling; to exert or busy oneself.

stir shit v
foutre la merde
(slang, idiomatic, vulgar) to deliberately cause trouble

stir the pot v
semer la pagaille semer la zizanie
(figurative) To cause unrest or dissent.

stir up v
faire de l'agitation inciter stimuler
(transitive) To arouse or excite (passion or action, etc.).
mélanger
(transitive) To mix (ingredients) by stirring.

stir-fry stir-fries stir-frys n
sauté
Food cooked in this manner.

stir-fry v
sauter
(transitive) To fry quickly in hot oil whilst constantly stirring, especially in a wok or similar pan.

stirring /ˈstɜːɹɪŋ/ /ˈstɝɪŋ/ more stirring most stirring adj
enthousiasmant passionnant
invigorating or inspiring

stirrup /ˈstɝ.əp/ /ˈstɪɹ.əp/ stirrups n
étrier
(equestrianism) A ring or hoop suspended by a rope or strap from the saddle, for a horseman's foot while mounting or riding.
(by extension) Any piece shaped like the stirrup of a saddle, used as a support, clamp, etc.

stirrup cup stirrup cups n
coup de l’étrier
(historical) A parting drink taken after mounting one's horse.

stishovite stishovites n
stishovite
(mineral) A fine-grained mineral, of SiO2, that is a polymorphic form of quartz formed under very high pressure.

stitch /stɪt͡ʃ/ stitches n
point maille
A single pass of a needle in sewing; the loop or turn of the thread thus made.
point de côté
(countable, and, uncountable) An intense stabbing pain under the lower edge of the ribcage, brought on by exercise or laughing.
crampe
A local sharp pain (anywhere); an acute pain, like the piercing of a needle.
fringue
(colloquial) Any least part of a fabric or clothing.

stitchwort stitchworts n
stellaire holostée
A kind of chickweed, Rabelera holostea.

stochastic /stəˈkæstɪk/ /ˈstoʊkæstɪk/ /ˈstoʊt͡ʃæstɪk/ /ˈstəʉkæstɪk/ more stochastic most stochastic adj
stochastique
Random, randomly determined.

stochastic differential equation stochastic differential equations n
équation différentielle stochastique
(calculus) a type of differential equation in which one or more of the terms is a stochastic process resulting in a solution which is itself a stochastic process

stochastic matrix stochastic matrices n
matrice stochastique
(linear algebra, probability theory, statistics) A matrix having the property that the entries in each column are non-negative, real and sum to 1.

stochasticity stochasticities n
stochasticité
The quality of lacking any predictable order or plan.

stock /stɑk/ /stɒk/ stocken stocks n
bétail
Farm or ranch animals; livestock.
pioche
(cards, in a card game) A stack of undealt cards made available to the players.
réserve
A supply of anything ready for use.
stock
(operations) A store of goods ready for sale; inventory.
action
(finance) The capital raised by a company through the issue of shares. The total of shares held by an individual shareholder.
bouillon
(cooking, uncountable, countable) Broth made from meat (originally bones) or vegetables, used as a basis for stew or soup.
A piece of black cloth worn under a clerical collar.
violier giroflée des jardins giroflée quarantaine matthiole
Any of the several species of cruciferous flowers in the genus Matthiola.
crosse
(firearm) The part of a rifle or shotgun that rests against the shooter's shoulder.
jas
(nautical) A bar going through an anchor, perpendicular to the flukes.
souche
(UK, historical) The longest part of a split tally stick formerly struck in the exchequer, which was delivered to the person who had lent the king money on account, as the evidence of indebtedness.

stock character stock characters n
personnage type
(writing, theatre, cinema) Any fictional character drawn from some stereotype who is instantly recognizable.

stock dove stock doves n
pigeon colombin
A pigeon of species Columba oenas, found in much of Europe, in the family Columbidae of pigeons and doves).

stock exchange stock exchanges n
bourse bourse des valeurs
A building that trades stocks in of companies for money and vice versa.
An organisation that trades stocks in of companies for money and vice versa.

stock footage n
images d’archives

stock market stock markets n
marché boursier marché financier
A market for the trading of company stock.

stock market crash stock market crashes n
krach
(finance) A sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market.

stockbroker stockbrokers n
opérateur en bourse trader courtier
(finance) A person who buys and sells shares (stock) on a stock exchange on behalf of clients. May also provide investment advice and/or company information, depending on the level of service offered (or chosen by the client).

stockfish /ˈstɒkfɪʃ/ stockfish stockfishes n
stockfisch stockfish stokfiche stoquefiche
A cod (or similar fish) having been cut open and cured in the open air without salt.

stocking /ˈstɑkɪŋ/ /ˈstɒkɪŋ/ stockings n
bas
A broad ring of a different fur colour on the lower part of the leg of a quadruped.

stockpile /ˈstɑkˌpaɪl/ /ˈstɒkpaɪl/ stockpiles n
réserve stock
A supply (especially a large one) of something kept for future use, specifically in case the cost of the item increases or if there a shortage.

stockpile /ˈstɑkˌpaɪl/ /ˈstɒkpaɪl/ v
accumuler stocker
To accumulate or build up a supply of (something).

stocks /stɑks/ /stɒks/ n
pilori
(plurale tantum) A device, similar to a pillory, formerly used for public humiliation and punishment.

stocky stockier stockiest adj
trapu
(of a person or an animal) Sturdy; solidly built; heavy and compact.

stodgy /ˈstɒ.d͡ʒi/ more stodgy most stodgy stodgier stodgiest adj
consistant
(of food) Having a thick, semi-solid consistency; glutinous; heavy on the stomach.

stoic /ˈstoʊɪk/ /ˈstəʊɪk/ more stoic most stoic adj
stoïque
Of or relating to the Stoics or their ideas.
Not affected by pain or distress.
Not displaying any external signs of being affected by pain or distress.

stoic /ˈstoʊɪk/ /ˈstəʊɪk/ stoics n
stoïcien
(philosophy) Proponent of stoicism, a school of thought, from in 300 B.C.E. up to about the time of Marcus Aurelius, who holds that by cultivating an understanding of the logos, or natural law, one can be free of suffering.
stoïque
A person indifferent to pleasure or pain.

stoical more stoical most stoical adj
stoïque
Enduring pain and hardship without showing feeling or complaint.

stoically /ˈstoʊ.ɪk.li/ /ˈstoʊ.ɪk.əl.i/ /ˈstəʊ.ɪk.li/ /ˈstəʊ.ɪk.əl.i/ more stoically most stoically adv
stoïquement
In a manner that endures pain and hardship without outwardly showing suffering or expressing complaint.

stoichiology n
stœchiologie
(logic) The doctrine of the elementary requisites of mere thought[19th century].

stoichiometric adj
stœchiométrique
Of, or relating to stoichiometry.

stoichiometry /ˌstɔɪ.kiˈɒm.ə.tɹi/ stoichiometries n
stœchiométrie
(uncountable, chemistry) The study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations).

stoicism /ˈstoʊɪsɪzəm/ stoicisms n
stoïcisme
A school of philosophy popularized during the Roman Empire that emphasized reason as a means of understanding the natural state of things, or logos, and as a means of freeing oneself from emotional distress.

stoke /stoʊk/ /stəʊk/ v
tisonner
(transitive, obsolete) To poke, pierce, thrust.
tiser tisonner
(transitive) To feed, stir up, especially, a fire or furnace.

stoker /ˈstoʊkɚ/ /ˈstəʊkə/ stokers n
chauffeur
A person who stokes, especially one on a steamship or steam train, who stokes coal in the boilers.

stole /ˈstoʊl/ /ˈstəʊl/ stoles n
étole
A garment consisting of a decorated band worn on the back of the neck, each end hanging over the chest, worn in ecclesiastical settings or sometimes as a part of graduation dress.
A scarf-like garment, often made of fur.

stolen /ˈstəʊlən/ adj
volé
That has been stolen.

stolid /ˈstɑːl.ɪd/ /ˈstɒl.ɪd/ stolider stolidest adj
impassible
Having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; dully or heavily stupid.

stolon /ˈstəʊlɒn/ stolons n
stolon
(botany) A shoot that grows along the ground and produces roots at its nodes; a runner.

stoma /ˈstoʊmə/ /ˈstəʊmə/ stomas stomata n
stomate
(botany) One of the tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor pass.

stomach /ˈstɐmək/ /ˈstɐmɪk/ /ˈstʌmək/ stomachs n
estomac
An organ in animals that stores food in the process of digestion.
ventre bedon
(informal) The belly.

stomach /ˈstɐmək/ /ˈstɐmɪk/ /ˈstʌmək/ v
digérer
(transitive) To tolerate (something), emotionally, physically, or mentally; to stand or handle something.

stomach cancer stomach cancers n
cancer de l'estomac
(oncology) cancer of the stomach(s).

stomachache /ˈstʌməkˌeɪk/ stomachaches n
mal au ventre maux de ventre
A pain in the abdomen, often caused by indigestion. (The pain is usually lower than the stomach and related to the intestines.)

stomacher /ˈstʌməkə/ /ˈstʌmətʃə/ stomachers n
pièce d'estomac
(now, chiefly, historical) An ornamental cloth, often embellished with embroidery or jewelry, worn over the chest by women beneath their bodices or by men and women as the central part of an open shirt, blouse, or jacket.

stomatitis stomatitides stomatitises n
stomatite
An inflammation of parts of the mucous membrane that lines the mouth.

stomatology n
stomatologie
(medicine) The study of the mouth and its disorders and diseases; increasingly called oral medicine in current usage.

stomatoplasty stomatoplasties n
stomatoplastie

stomp /stɑmp/ /stɒmp/ v
fouler piétiner
(transitive, slang) To severely beat someone physically or figuratively.

stompbox stompboxes n
stompbox
A simple percussion instrument consisting of a small wooden box placed under the foot, which is tapped or stamped on rhythmically to produce a sound similar to that of a bass drum.
pédale pédale d'effet
(music) A guitar effect unit which can be controlled with the foot

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ adj
de pierre en pierre
Constructed of stone.

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ stone stones n
pierre roche
(uncountable) A hard earthen substance that can form large rocks.
pierre roc caillou roche
A small piece of stone, a pebble.
gemme pierre précieuse
A gemstone, a jewel, especially a diamond.
stone pierre
(British) A unit of mass equal to 14 pounds (≈6.3503 kilograms), formerly used for various commodities (wool, cheese, etc.), but now principally used for personal weight. Abbreviated as st.
noyau
(botany) The central part of some fruits, particularly drupes; consisting of the seed and a hard endocarp layer.
calcul pierre
(medicine) A hard, stone-like deposit.

stone /stoʊn/ /stɐʉn/ /stəʊn/ v
lapider
(transitive) To pelt with stones, especially to kill by pelting with stones.
dénoyauter épépiner
(transitive) To remove a stone from (fruit etc.).
défoncer
(transitive, slang) To intoxicate, especially with narcotics. (Usually in passive)

stone bow stone bows n
arbalète à jalet

stone curlew /stəʊnˈkɜːlju/ stone curlews n
œdicnème
Any of several species of large terrestrial birds in the family Burhinidae.

stone dead adj
raide mort
(idiomatic) Utterly dead.

stone deaf adj
sourd comme un pot
(idiomatic) Utterly deaf.

stone loach stone loaches n
loche franche
Barbatula barbatula, a species of ray-finned fish in the family Nemacheilidae or subfamily Nemacheilinae in family Balitoridae (hillstream loaches).

stone pine stone pines n
pin parasol pin pignon pin d'Italie
A pine of species Pinus pinea, native of southern Europe.

stone's throw stone's throws n
à deux pas à un jet de pierre
(idiomatic) A short distance, roughly equivalent to how far a person can throw a stone.

stonechat stonechats n
saxicole tarier traquet
Any of various small Old World passerine birds of the genus Saxicola that feed on insects.

stonecrop stonecrops n
orpin
Any of various succulent plants of the Crassulaceae family, native to temperate zones, especially in genus Sedum

stonecutter stonecutters n
tailleur de pierre tailleuse de pierre
Somebody who cuts, carves or dresses stone.

stoned /stoʊnd/ /stəʊnd/ more stoned most stoned adj
défoncé déchiré gelé stone
(slang) High on drugs, especially cannabis.

stonefish stonefish stonefishes n
poisson-pierre
A venomous tropical marine fish resembling a piece of rock, of the genus Synanceia, found in the Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean

stonemason stonemasons n
tailleur de pierre tailleuse de pierre
One who works in stone.

stonewall /ˈstoʊnwɑl/ /ˈstoʊnwɔl/ /ˈstəʊnwɔːl/ v
bétonner
(ambitransitive, informal) To refuse to answer or cooperate, especially in supplying information.

stoneware stonewares n
grès
A type of pottery that is fired at a high temperature and is dense, opaque and nonporous.

stony /ˈstoʊni/ /ˈstəʊni/ stonier stoniest adj
froid sec
(figuratively) Of a person, lacking warmth and emotion.

stooge /stuːd͡ʒ/ stooges n
dupe laquais larbin pigeon pion

stook /stʊk/ stooks n
meule moyette
A pile or bundle, especially of straw.

stook /stʊk/ v
gerber moyetter
(intransitive, agriculture) To make stooks.

stool /stuːl/ stools n
selle
tabouret
(now, chiefly, dialectal, Scotland) A seat with a back; a chair.
(dated) A close-stool; a seat used for urination and defecation: a chamber pot, commode, outhouse seat, or toilet.

stool pigeon stool pigeons n
mouchard balance indic
(slang, obsolete) A decoy used in a crooked gambling game.

stoop /stuːp/ stoops n
perron
(chiefly, chiefly, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, also, Canada) The staircase and landing or porch leading to the entrance of a residence.
piqué
An accelerated descent in flight, as that for an attack.

stoop /stuːp/ v
baisser pencher
To bend the upper part of the body forward and downward to a half-squatting position; crouch.
abaisser
To lower oneself; to demean or do something below one's status, standards, or morals.
piquer
(intransitive) Of a bird of prey: to swoop down on its prey.

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ stops n
arrêt station
A (usually marked) place where buses, trams or trains halt to let passengers get on and off, usually smaller than a station.
arrêt
An action of stopping; interruption of travel.
ammorti
(tennis) A very short shot which touches the ground close behind the net and is intended to bounce as little as possible.

stop /stɑp/ /stɒp/ v
arrêter cesser s'arrêter
(intransitive) Not to continue.
arrêter s'arrêter
(transitive) To cause (something) to cease moving or progressing.
arrêter
(transitive) To cause (something) to come to an end.
s'arrêter
(intransitive) To stay; to spend a short time; to reside or tarry temporarily.

stop at nothing v
s'arrêter à rien
(idiomatic) To take any measures to do or achieve something, especially if it involves great risk or danger; to do everything in one's power.

stop by v
faire une escale
To pay a visit briefly and informally.

stop sign stop signs n
stop arrêt
A sign by the side of a road or street, often at an intersection, instructing vehicle drivers to stop.

stop someone in their tracks v
couper dans son élan interrompre

stop the car phraseologicalUnit
arrêtez la voiture
When giving directions to a person (for example, a taxi driver), indicates that he or she should stop the vehicle.

stop thief interjection
au voleur

stop-motion stop-motions n
animation en volume
(uncountable, photography) An animation technique wherein physical objects are slightly altered and photographed one picture at a time to give an illusion of movement when displayed in sequence.

stopcock /ˈstɑpkɑk/ /ˈstɒpkɒk/ stopcocks n
robinet d'arrêt
A valve, tap or faucet which regulates the flow of liquid or gas through a pipe.
(British) A main shutoff#Noun for water to a home from a municipal supply. Usually these valves exist in pairs, one outside the property boundary and one inside the property boundary.

stopgap /ˈstɑpˌɡæp/ /ˈstɒpɡæp/ stopgaps n
bouche-trou rustine pis-aller
A short-term fix or temporary measure used until something better can be obtained; that which serves as an expedient in an emergency; a band-aid solution.

stopover stopovers n
escale étape
A short interruption in a journey or the place visited during such an interruption.

stopper knot stopper knots n
nœud d'arrêt
(nautical) A knot placed in a rope either to prevent the end from fraying, or to prevent it from passing through a hole.

stopwatch stopwatches n
chronomètre garde-temps
A timepiece designed to measure the amount of time elapsed between a particular time when activated and when the piece is deactivated.

storage /ˈstɔ.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈstɔː.ɹɪd͡ʒ/ storages n
stockage
(uncountable) The act of storing goods; the state of being stored.
stockage mémorisation
(usually, uncountable, computer hardware) Any computer device, including such as a disk, on which data is stored for a longer term than main memory.

storage hypervisor storage hypervisors n
hyperviseur de stockage
(computing) A hardware independent supervisory software program that operates as a transparent virtual layer across consolidated disk pools providing centrally-managed storage control and supplementary functionality to improve availability, speed and utilization.

store /sto(ː)ɹ/ /stoə/ /stɔɹ/ /stɔː/ stores n
entrepôt
A place where items may be accumulated or routinely kept.
stock
A supply held in storage.

store /sto(ː)ɹ/ /stoə/ /stɔɹ/ /stɔː/ v
stocker conserver
(transitive) To keep (something) while not in use, generally in a place meant for that purpose.
stocker
(transitive, computing) To write (something) into memory or registers.

store brand store brands n
marque blanche
(US) A brand name that is associated with or owned by a place of business (often a supermarket - or other chain) that sells products under that name, usually for less money than other brands.

store manager store managers n
responsable de magasin
The manager who is directly responsible for a store.

stored procedure stored procedures n
procédure stockée

storekeeper storekeepers n
commerçant
One who runs a shop, either the owner or manager.

storeroom storerooms n
débarras magasin réserve
A room used for storage.

storey /ˈstɔːɹi/ /ˈstɔːɹɪ/ storeys stories n
étage
A floor or level of a building or ship.

storge /-d͡ʒi/ /-ˌɡeɪ/ /ˈstɔɹɡi/ /ˈstɔːɡi/ n
storgê
Natural affection or love, especially of parents for their children.

stork /stɔɹk/ /stɔːk/ storks n
cigogne
A large wading bird with long legs and a long beak of the family Ciconiidae.

storkling /ˈstoːɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstoːɻklɪŋ/ /ˈstɒːɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstɔɹklɪŋ/ /ˈstɔːklɪŋ/ storklings n
cigogneau
The young of a stork.

storksbill storksbills n
bec-de-grue
Any plant of genus Erodium.

storm /stɔɹm/ /stɔːm/ storms n
tempête
(meteorology) A disturbed state of the atmosphere between a severe or strong gale and a hurricane on the modern Beaufort scale, with a wind speed of between 89 and 102 kilometres per hour (55–63 miles per hour; 10 on the scale, known as a "storm" or whole gale), or of between 103 and 117 kilometres per hour (64–72 miles per hour; 11 on the scale, known as a "violent storm").
tempête orage tourmente
Any disturbed state of the atmosphere causing destructive or unpleasant weather, especially one affecting the earth's surface involving strong winds (leading to high waves at sea) and usually lightning, thunder, and precipitation; a tempest.
tempête
(military) A violent assault on a fortified position or stronghold.

storm /stɔɹm/ /stɔːm/ v
assaillir donner l’assaut
(chiefly, military) To violently assault (a fortified position or stronghold, a building, etc.) with the aim of gaining control of it.

storm cloud storm clouds n
nuage orageux
(meteorology) A dark and ominous cloud that appears to indicate a coming storm.

storm door storm doors n
contre-porte
A secondary door placed exterior to the primary door, to better weatherproof an entrance. Those storm doors that are also screen doors can be used for ventilation purposes when the primary door remains open. Typically found on front doors, rear doors, side doors, balcony doors.

storm petrel storm petrels n
océanite pétrel-tempête
Any of several small seabirds, of the families Hydrobatidae (northern storm petrels) or Oceanitidae (southern storm petrels or Austral storm petrels), having dark plumage and a white rump.

storm surge storm surges n
onde de tempête
An unusual rise in sea level on a coast due to the action of high winds.

storm window storm windows n
contre-fenêtre

stormtrooper /ˈstɔːmtɹuːpə/ stormtroopers n
stormtrooper
A soldier trained in special infiltration tactics.
Sturmtruppen
A member of the Sturmabteilung, a Nazi street militia.

stormy /ˈstɔɹmi/ stormier stormiest adj
orageux
Characterized by, or proceeding from, a storm; subject to storms; agitated with strong winds and heavy rain.

story /ˈstɔ.ɹi/ /ˈstɔː.ɹi/ stories n
histoire conte
An account of real or fictional events.

story arc /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑɹk/ /ˈstɔː.ɹi ɑːk/ story arcs n
arc narratif
An extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television or comic books.

storyteller storytellers n
conteur conteuse raconteur raconteuse
A person who relates stories through one medium or another to an audience

stout /staʊt/ /stʌʊt/ stouts n
stout
(beer) A dark and strong malt brew made with toasted grain.

stoutness stoutnesses n
embonpoint
(usually, uncountable) The state or quality of being stout.

stove /stoʊv/ /stəʊv/ stoves n
cuisinière fourneau
A device for heating food, (UK) a cooker.
poêle
(dated) A house or room artificially warmed or heated.

stow /stoʊ/ /stəʊ/ v
ranger
To put something away in a compact and tidy manner, in its proper place, or in a suitable place.
garder conserver stocker
To store or pack something in a space-saving manner and over a long time.

stowaway /ˈstəʊəˌweɪ/ stowaways n
passager clandestin
A person who hides on board a ship, train, etc. so as to get a free passage.

strabismus /stɹəˈbɪzməs/ strabismuses n
strabisme
A defect of vision in which one eye cannot focus with the other on an object because of imbalance of the eye muscles; a squint.

stracciatella /ˌstɹæt͡ʃəˈtɛlə/ /ˌstɹɑt͡ʃi.əˈtɛlə/ stracciatellas n
stracciatella
an Italian soup made by dribbling a mixture of Parmesan cheese and beaten egg into hot broth
a type of Italian milk-based ice cream with chocolate shavings

straddle /ˈstɹæd.l̩/ v
enfourcher se mettre à califourchon
(transitive) To sit or stand with a leg on each side of something; to sit astride.

straddle carrier straddle carriers n
cavalier chariot cavalier
A vehicle used in ports and yards for stacking and moving freight containers.

strafe /stɹeɪf/ /stɹæf/ /stɹɑf/ v
mitrailler
(transitive, military, aviation) To attack (ground targets) with automatic gunfire from a low-flying aircraft.

straggle /ˈstɹæɡl̩/ v
flâner
(intransitive) To stray, rove, or wander from a normal course and others of its kind.

straggler /ˈstɹæɡlə/ /ˈstɹæɡlɚ/ /ˈstɹæɡl̩ɚ/ stragglers n
traînard
A person who straggles, or departs from the direct or proper course, or from the company to which they belong.
One who falls behind the rest, for example in a race.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straighter straightest adj
droit rectiligne
Not crooked, curly, or bent; having a constant direction throughout its length. [from 14th c.]
comme il faut
(of a path, trajectory, etc.) Direct, undeviating. [from 15th c.]
hétéro straight
(slang, sex work) Related to conventional sexual intercourse.
pur pure
Of spirits: undiluted, unmixed; neat. [from 19th c.]

straight /stɹeɪt/ more straight most straight adv
tout droit
Of a direction relative to the subject, precisely; as if following a direct line.
directement
Directly; without pause, delay or detour.

straight /stɹeɪt/ straights n
ligne droite
Something that is not crooked or bent such as a part of a road or track.
suite quinte
(poker) Five cards in sequence.

straight ahead adv
tout droit
directly ahead, without deviation

straight and narrow n
droit chemin

straight angle straight angles n
angle plat
(maths, geometry) An angle that is equal to 180° (pi radians or two right angles).

straight as an arrow adv
droit comme un cierge droit comme un i
(simile) Very straight; travelling in a very straight trajectory.

straight flush straight flushes n
quinte floche quinte flush quinte-couleur suite colorée
(poker) A hand that is both straight (the cards are all in sequence) and flush (the cards are all of the same suit).

straight from the horse's mouth adj
de première main
(idiomatic) firsthand; direct; from the source.

straight from the horse's mouth adv
de première main
(idiomatic) Directly from the source; firsthand.

straight line straight lines n
droite ligne droite
(geometry) A line with no curvature; a line with constant direction. The path of shortest length between two points.

straight man straight men n
clown blanc
(idiomatic) A member (of any gender) of a team of comic performers who plays a supporting role by helping to set up jokes and punch lines through engaging in dialog with another comedian playing a more eccentric or otherwise more interesting character; a foil who plays such a role in theatrical comedy.

straight razor straight razors n
coupe-choux rasoir droit
A razor with a blade that can fold into its handle.

straight-laced more straight-laced most straight-laced adj
prude
Having narrow views on moral matters; prudish.

straighten /ˈstɹeɪtn̩/ v
redresser
(transitive) To cause to become straight.

straighten up and fly right v
se ranger des voitures
(colloquial) To start behaving properly; get one's act together.

straightener /ˈstɹeɪt(ə)nɚ/ straighteners n
fer plat fer à lisser
A pair of metal tongs with heated ceramic plates used for straightening hair.

straightforward more straightforward most straightforward adj
aisé facile immédiat
easy, simple, uncomplicated, without difficulty
direct franc simple
(figurative) direct; forthright; frank; sincere

straightforward more straightforward most straightforward adv
à brûle-pourpoint
In a straightforward manner; straightforwards; straightforwardly.

strain /stɹeɪn/ strains n
race variété
(archaic) Race; lineage, pedigree.
pression tension
The act of straining, or the state of being strained.
souche race
(biology) A particular variety of a microbe, virus, or other organism, usually a taxonomically infraspecific one.
hérédité
(figurative) Hereditary character, quality, tendency, or disposition.
claquage élongation
An injury resulting from violent effort; a sprain.
déformation
(uncountable, engineering) A dimensionless measure of object deformation either referring to engineering strain or true strain.

strain /stɹeɪn/ v
étirer
(ambitransitive) To exert or struggle (to do something), especially to stretch (one's senses, faculties etc.) beyond what is normal or comfortable.

strained /stɹeɪ̯nd/ more strained most strained adj
tendu
Under tension; tense.

strainer /ˈstɹeɪnɚ/ strainers n
filtre
A device through which a liquid is passed for purification, filtering or separation from solid matter; anything (including a screen or a cloth) used to strain a liquid.
A perforated screen or openwork (usually at the end of a suction pipe of a pump), used to prevent solid bodies from mixing in a liquid stream or flowline.
One who strains.

strait /stɹeɪt/ straits n
détroit
(geography) A narrow channel of water connecting two larger bodies of water.

straitjacket /ˈstɹeɪtˌd͡ʒækɪt/ straitjackets n
camisole de force
A jacket-like garment with very long sleeves which can be secured in place, thus preventing the wearer from moving his or her arms. Often used in psychiatric hospitals to prevent patients from injuring themselves or others.

straitjacket /ˈstɹeɪtˌd͡ʒækɪt/ v
camisole de force
(literally) To put someone into a straitjacket.

strake /ˈstɹeɪk/ strakes n
aigrette apex
(aviation) A type of aerodynamic surface mounted on an aircraft fuselage to fine-tune the airflow.
virure
(nautical) A continuous line of plates or planks running from bow to stern that contributes to a vessel's skin. (FM 55-501).

strand /stɹænd/ [stɹɛənd] strands n
grève
The shore or beach of the sea or ocean.
brin toron
Each of the strings which, twisted together, make up a yarn, rope or cord.
cordelette
A string.
mèche
An individual length of any fine, string-like substance.
brin
(genetics) A nucleotide chain.

strand /stɹænd/ [stɹɛənd] v
échouer
(transitive, nautical) To run aground; to beach.
abandonner
(transitive, figuratively) To leave (someone) in a difficult situation; to abandon or desert.

stranded adj
abandonné
(of a person) Abandoned or marooned.
échoué
(nautical, of a vessel) Run aground on a shore or reef.

strange /stɹeɪnd͡ʒ/ stranger strangest adj
étrange anormal
Not normal; odd, unusual, surprising, out of the ordinary.
inconnu
Unfamiliar, not yet part of one's experience.
étranger
(obsolete) Belonging to another country; foreign.

strange attractor strange attractors n
attracteur étrange
(mathematics) An attractor that has non-integer dimension or whose dynamics on it are chaotic.

strange bird strange birds n
drôle d’oiseau drôle de type
An unusual person, especially an individual with an idiosyncratic personality or peculiar behavioral characteristics.

strange quark strange quarks n
quark strange quark étrange
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of -\frac{1}{3} and a mass of about 80 to 130 MeV.Symbol: s

strangely /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒli/ more strangely most strangely adv
étrangement
In a strange or coincidental manner.

strangeness strangenesses n
étrangeté
(countable) The product or result of being strange.
(particle physics) One of the quantum numbers of subatomic particles, depending upon the relative number of strange quarks and anti-strange quarks.

strangeonium strangeonia strangeoniums n
étrangeonium
(particle) Any meson formed from a strange quark and its antiquark

stranger /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒə/ /ˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒɚ/ strangers n
inconnu inconnue étranger
A person whom one does not know; a person who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.
étranger étrangère
An outsider or foreigner.

strangle /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈstɹæŋɡəl/ v
étrangler
(transitive) To kill someone by squeezing the throat so as to cut off the oxygen supply; to choke, suffocate or throttle.
(intransitive) To be killed by strangulation, or become strangled.

strangler /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)lə/ stranglers n
étrangleur étrangleuse
Someone who strangles, especially who murders by strangling.

strangler fig strangler figs n
figuier étrangleur
Any of a number of kinds of figs (genus Ficus) that sprout on branches of other trees and crowd them out as they mature.

strangles /ˈstɹæŋɡ(ə)lz/ /ˈstɹæŋɡəlz/ n
gourme
A disease of horses caused by an infection by the bacterium Streptococcus equi.

strangury /ˈstɹæŋɡjəɹi/ stranguries n
strangurie
(pathology, urology) A painful, frequent need to urinate, when the bladder is largely empty or with little urine production.

strap /stɹæp/ straps n
courroie lanière sangle
A long, narrow, pliable strip of leather, cloth, or the like.
courroie lanière sangle bandoulière
A piece of leather, or strip of wood covered with a suitable material, used to hone the sharpened edge of a razor; a strop.

strap-on strap-ons n
gode-ceinture
(informal) An artificial phallus attached with a strap, usually a dildo.

strappado strappadoes strappados n
estrapade
A form of torture in which the victim is hung from the ceiling by a rope attached to the hands, which are tied together behind the victim's back.

stratagem /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒəm/ stratagems n
stratagème
Specifically, such a tactic or artifice in military operation.

strategic /stɹəˈtiː.d͡ʒɪk/ more strategic most strategic adj
stratégique
Of or pertaining to strategy.
Of or relating to military operations that are more large-scale or long-range than local or tactical ones.

strategically more strategically most strategically adv
stratégiquement
In a strategic manner.

strategist /ˈstɹætəd͡ʒɪst/ strategists n
stratège
A person who devises strategies.

strategy /ˈstɹæt.ə.d͡ʒi/ strategies n
stratégie
(uncountable) The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare.
(countable) A plan of action intended to accomplish a specific goal.
(uncountable) The act of strategizing; the development of effective strategies.

stratify v
stratifier
(intransitive) To become separated out into distinct layers or strata.

stratigrapher stratigraphers n
stratigraphe
An expert in stratigraphy.

stratigraphic /ˌstɹætɪˈɡɹæfɪk/ adj
stratigraphique
Of or pertaining to the arrangement of stratigraphy or strata.

stratigraphy /stɹəˈtɪɡ.ɹəfi/ /ˈstɹæt.əˌɡɹæf.i/ stratigraphies n
stratigraphie
(geology) The study of rock layers and the layering process (stratification).

stratocracy stratocracies n
stratocratie
A military government.

stratocumulus stratocumuli n
stratocumulus
(meteorology) A principal low-level cloud type, predominantly stratiform, in the form of a gray and/or whitish layer or patch, which nearly always has dark parts and is nonfibrous.

stratosphere stratospheres n
stratosphère
(meteorology) The region of the uppermost atmosphere where temperature increases along with the altitude due to the absorption of solar ultraviolet radiation by ozone. The stratosphere extends from the tropopause (10–15 kilometers) to approximately 50 kilometers, where it is succeeded by the mesosphere.

stratospheric /-fɪ-/ /ˌstɹætəˈsfɛɹɪk/ more stratospheric most stratospheric adj
stratosphérique
(meteorology) Of, relating to, or occurring in the stratosphere.

stratotype stratotypes n
stratotype
(geology) A stratigraphic section used to establish a reference point on a geologic time scale.

stratovolcano stratovolcanoes stratovolcanos n
stratovolcan
(vulcanology) A tall conical volcano, composed of layers (or strata) of hardened lava, tephra and ash.

stratum /ˈstɹaː.təm/ /ˈstɹeɪ.təm/ /ˈstɹæt.əm/ /ˈstɹɑː.təm/ [ˈstɹeɪ.ɾəm] [ˈstɹæɾ.əm] strata stratums n
couche stratum
One of several parallel horizontal layers of material arranged one on top of another.
strate
(geology) A layer of sedimentary rock having approximately the same composition throughout.
couche
Any of the regions of the atmosphere, such as the stratosphere, that occur as layers.
couche classe
A class of society composed of people with similar social, cultural, or economic status.

straw /stɹɑ/ /stɹɔ/ /stɹɔː/ adj
paille
Of a pale, yellowish beige colour, like that of a dried straw.

straw /stɹɑ/ /stɹɔ/ /stɹɔː/ straws n
paille fétu
(countable) A dried stalk of a cereal plant.
paille
(uncountable) Such dried stalks considered collectively; this bulk matter may be a chief salable product, a by-product, fodder, bedding, or green manure, depending on region and on current market conditions.
jaune paille
(uncommon) A pale, yellowish beige colour, like that of a dried straw.

straw hat straw hats n
chapeau de paille
A stiff hat, made from woven straw.

straw man straw men n
épouvantail
A doll or scarecrow, particularly one stuffed with straw.
homme de paille
(figurative) An innocuous person or someone of nominal or lesser importance, as a front man or straw boss.
(figurative) An insubstantial concept, idea, endeavor or argument, particularly one deliberately set up to be weakly supported, e.g. by misrepresenting an opponent's argument by broadening or narrowing the scope of a premise, so that it can be easily knocked down; especially to impugn the strength of any related or contrasted thing or idea.

strawberry /ˈstɹɑˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔˌbɛɹi/ /ˈstɹɔːb(ə)ɹi/ strawberries n
fraise fraisier
The sweet, usually red, edible fruit of certain plants of the genus Fragaria.
Any plant of the genus Fragaria (that bears such fruit).
A dark pinkish red colour, like that of the fruit; strawberry red.

strawberry blonde more strawberry blonde most strawberry blonde adj
blond vénitien
An uncommon hair colour that is a combination of blonde and red. Strawberry blonde hair appears blonde in dim light, but when exposed to sun or a bright light, the hair may assume a slight tinge of pink or red color.

strawberry mark strawberry marks n
tache de vin

strawberry saxifrage n
saxifrage stolonifère
Saxifraga stolonifera, a perennial flowering plant.

strawberry tree strawberry trees n
arbousier
A cane apple, an evergreen shrub or small tree (Arbutus unedo), in family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and western Europe north to western France and Ireland, which bears fruits which resemble strawberries.
Any of the other species of Arbutus, native to Europe and temperate North America, especially

stray /stɹeɪ/ adj
errant écarté égaré
Having gone astray; strayed; wandering

stray /stɹeɪ/ strays n
animal errant
Any domestic animal that has no enclosure nor proper place and company, but that instead wanders at large or is lost; an estray.
errance
An act of wandering off or going astray.
commun
(historical) An area of common land for use by domestic animals generally.

stray /stɹeɪ/ v
errer
(intransitive) To wander, as from a direct course; to deviate, or go out of the way.

stray bullet stray bullets n
balle perdue
A bullet that, after being fired from a gun, hits an unintended target.

stray dog stray dogs n
chien errant

streak /stɹiːk/ streaks n
raie
An irregular line left from smearing or motion.
chésias du genêt
A moth of the family Geometridae, Chesias legatella.

streak-backed antshrike streak-backed antshrikes n
batara à dos rayé
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus insignis.

streaker /ˈstɹikɚ/ streakers n
nu-vite streaker
One who runs naked through a public place as a prank.

streaklight tubeshoulder streaklight tubeshoulders n
circé à branchies longues
A dark-colored deep-water ray-finned fish, Holtbyrnia latifrons, found near the coasts of America.

stream /stɹiːm/ streams n
ruisseau ru rupt
A small river; a large creek; a body of moving water confined by banks.
filet
A thin connected passing of a liquid through a lighter gas (e.g. air).
courant flot torrent
Any steady flow or succession of material, such as water, air, radio signal or words.
courant cours d'eau dérive
(sciences, umbrella term) All moving waters.
flux
(computing) A source or repository of data that can be read or written only sequentially.
groupe de niveau
(UK, education) A division of a school year by perceived ability.

stream /stɹiːm/ v
couler flotter s'écouler
(intransitive) To extend; to stretch out with a wavy motion; to float in the wind.
diffuser streamer
(Internet) To push continuous data (e.g. music) from a server to a client computer while it is being used (played) on the client.

stream cipher stream ciphers n
chiffrement de flux

streamer /ˈstɹiːmɚ/ streamers n
fanion
A long, narrow flag, or piece of material used or seen as a decoration.
streamer
(computing) A data storage system, mainly used to produce backups, in which large quantities of data are transferred to a continuously moving tape; a tape drive.
(fishing) In fly fishing, a variety of wet fly designed to mimic a minnow.
streamer streameur
(Internet) A person who streams activities on their computer (especially video gaming) to a live online audience.

streaming /ˈstɹiːmɪŋ/ streamings n
streaming flux
(computing) The transmission of digital audio or video, or the reception or playback of such data without first storing it.

streamlet /ˈstɹiːmlət/ streamlets n
ruisselet
A small stream.

streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/ streamlines n
ligne de courant
(physics) A line that is tangent to the velocity of flow of a fluid; equivalent to the path of a specific particle in that flow.

streamline /ˈstriːmlaɪn/ v
rationaliser
(transitive, by extension) To simplify or organize a process in order to increase its efficiency.

streamlined more streamlined most streamlined adj
aérodynamique
Designed to offer little resistance to the flow of fluid, especially by having sleek, graceful lines.

street /stɹit/ /stɹiːt/ [skɹitˀ] [ʃkɹitˀ] [ʃtɹ̠̊iʔ] [ˈʃt͡ʃɹitˀ] streets n
rue
A paved part of road, usually in a village or a town.

street art n
art urbain art de rue street art
Visual art created in public space and executed outside of the context of traditional art venues.

street artist street artists n
saltimbanque
Someone who produces art in public spaces; someone who engages in street art.

street corner street corners n
coin de rue
The corner of a street, usually where two streets meet at an intersection.

street food street foods n
bouffe de rue cuisine de rue
Ready-to-eat food obtainable from a streetside vendor, often from a makeshift or portable stall.

street furniture n
mobilier urbain
The objects and equipment installed on a street, such as bollards, benches, and traffic lights.

street harassment n
harcèlement de rue
Sexual harassment and sexualised intimidation happening in public areas, such as catcalling.

street musician street musicians n
musicien de rue

street organ street organs n
orgue de Barbarie
(musical instrument) A type of mechanically-played barrel organ designed to be played in the street.

street performer street performers n
artiste de rue
An artist (musician, actor, painter, etc), who performs in a public place, usually for donated money.

street racing n
course de rue
Motorsport or auto racing held on public roads.

street sign street signs n
plaque de rue
a sign showing the name of a street, usually placed at a street corner.

street smarts n
débrouillardise roublardise
(informal) Practical knowledge, especially concerning human behavior.

street sweeper street sweepers n
balayeur
A person who is employed to sweep streets, pavements, and gutters, keeping them clear of litter.
balayeuse
A machine used to sweep streets.

street urchin street urchins n
enfant des rues gamin gamine
(British, obsolescent) A child who lives, or spends most of his or her time, in the streets; sometimes a petty thief or pickpocket.

streetlight streetlights n
réverbère lampadaire
(countable) Any large outdoor light used to illuminate a public area, usually urban.

streetwalker /ˈstɹiːtˌwɔːkə(ɹ)/ streetwalkers n
racoleuse fille de trottoir fille des rues fille publique pierreuse
A prostitute who looks for customers on the streets and in other public places.

strength /stɹɛŋkθ/ /stɹɛŋθ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠eɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛn̪θ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɛɪŋkθ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɪŋkθ] strengths n
force effectif vigueur
The quality or degree of being strong.
force
The intensity of a force or power; potency.
The strongest part of something; that on which confidence or reliance is based.
point fort
A positive attribute.

strength training n
musculation
A form of exercise in which the goal is to increase the strength of muscles through low numbers of repetitions of an exercise performed with high resistance.

strengthen /ˈstɹɛnθən/ /ˈstɹɛŋ(k)θən/ /ˈʃt͡ʃɹeɪŋ(k)θən/ v
renforcer fortifier affermir raffermir
(transitive) To make strong or stronger; to add strength to; to increase the strength of; to fortify.
fortifier renforcer
(transitive) To empower; to give moral strength to; to encourage; to enhearten.

strenuous /ˈstɹɛnjuəs/ more strenuous most strenuous adj
acharné vigoureux
Having great vigour or energy; forceful.
ardu éprouvant
(of a task) Requiring great exertion; very laborious.

strepto- prefix
strepto-

streptococcal adj
streptococcique
Relating to bacteria of the genus Streptococcus.

streptococcus streptococci n
streptocoque
A spherical, gram-positive bacterium of the genus Streptococcus. Although commonly found benignly in the human mouth and gut, and though many species are non-pathogenic, other species can cause diseases including strep throat and more serious conditions.

stress /stɹɛs/ stresses n
contrainte tension
(countable, physics) The internal distribution of force across a small boundary per unit area of that boundary (pressure) within a body. It causes strain or deformation and is typically symbolised by σ or τ.
stress
(uncountable) Emotional pressure suffered by a human being or other animal.
emphase
(uncountable) Emphasis placed on a particular point in an argument or discussion (whether spoken or written).

stress /stɹɛs/ v
stresser
(transitive) To apply emotional pressure to (a person or animal).
emphaser souligner
(transitive) To emphasise (a syllable of a word).
souligner
(transitive) To emphasise (a point) in an argument or discussion.

stress fracture stress fractures n
fracture de fatigue
A small crack in a bone caused by repeated stress.

stressed /stɹɛst/ more stressed most stressed adj
stressé
Suffering stress (either physical or mental).
accentué stressé
(phonetics) Having a stress or accent.

stressful /ˈstɹɛsfəl/ more stressful most stressful adj
stressant
Irritating; causing stress.

stressogenic more stressogenic most stressogenic adj
stressogène
Causing stress.

stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ stretches n
étirement
An act of stretching.

stretch /stɹɛt͡ʃ/ v
étendre étirer
(transitive) To lengthen by pulling.
s'étendre
(intransitive) To extend physically, especially from limit point to limit point.
s'étirer
(intransitive, transitive) To extend one’s limbs or another part of the body in order to improve the elasticity of one's muscles

stretch mark stretch marks n
vergeture
(dermatology) Any of a series of red, irregular stripes on the surface of the skin caused by rapid growth of the tissues lying just underneath. They usually appear as a result of pregnancy, puberty or obesity, but can also be caused by rapid muscle growth.

stretch one's legs v
s'étirer les jambes
(idiomatic) To walk about, especially after prolonged time sitting or lying down.

stretch out v
tendre étendre
(intransitive) To lie fully extended.
tendre
(transitive) To extend (something) fully.

stretch the truth v
abuser charrier en faire des caisses exagérer pousser le bouchon
(idiomatic) To exaggerate, often to the point where the truth is obscured or lost.

stretchable more stretchable most stretchable adj
étirable
Capable of being stretched.

stretcher /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃə/ /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɚ/ stretchers n
civière brancard
A simple litter designed to carry a sick, injured, or dead person.
châssis
A frame on which a canvas is stretched for painting.
panneresse
A brick laid with the longest side exposed.

stretcher /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃə/ /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɚ/ v
brancarder
(transitive) To carry (an injured person) on a stretcher.

stretcher-bearer stretcher-bearers n
brancardier
A person who carries, or helps to carry, injured or dead people on a stretcher.

stretching /ˈstɹɛt͡ʃɪŋ/ stretchings n
stretching étirement
A form of physical exercise in which a specific skeletal muscle (or muscle group) is deliberately elongated to its fullest length in order to improve the muscle's felt elasticity and reaffirm comfortable muscle tone.

strew /stɹu/ /stɹuː/ v
joncher parsemer
(dated, except strewn) To distribute objects or pieces of something over an area, especially in a random manner.

striated muscle striated muscles n
muscle strié
Muscle tissue that appears striped under the microscope as a result of the myofibrils being organized into regular units (sarcomeres).

strict /stɹɪkt/ stricter strictest adj
strict
Governed or governing by exact rules; observing exact rules; severe; rigorous.
Severe in discipline.

strictly /ˈstɹɪktli/ more strictly most strictly strictlier strictliest adv
strictement
In a strict manner.
(maths) In a manner that applies to every member of a set or every interval of a function

strictly speaking more strictly speaking most strictly speaking adv
à proprement parler
Being totally accurate.

stricto sensu phraseologicalUnit
au sens strict techniquement
In the narrow sense; narrowly.

stricture /ˈstɹɪkt͡ʃə/ /ˈstɹɪkt͡ʃəɹ/ strictures n
rétrécissement étranglement
(medicine) Abnormal narrowing of a canal or duct in the body.

stride /stɹaɪd/ strides n
enjambée
(countable) A long step in walking.

stride /stɹaɪd/ v
enjamber
(intransitive) To walk with long steps.

stridence stridences n
stridence
the quality of being strident

strident /ˈstɹaɪ.dənt/ [ˈstɹaɪdˀnt] more strident most strident adj
criard strident
Loud; shrill, piercing, high-pitched; rough-sounding

strider striders n
randonneur randonneuse

stridulate /ˈstɹɪdjʊleɪt/ v
striduler
(intransitive) To make a high-pitched chirping, grating, hissing, or squeaking sound, as male crickets and grasshoppers do, by rubbing certain body parts together.

strife /stɹaɪf/ strifes n
dispute querelle
Bitter conflict, sometimes violent.

strigil /ˈstɹɪd͡ʒɪl/ strigils n
strigile stragile
(historical) A grooming tool used to scrape away dead skin, oil, dirt, etc.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] strikes n
grève
A work stoppage (or otherwise concerted stoppage of an activity) as a form of protest.
coup frappe
A blow or application of physical force against something.
strike
(cricket) The status of being the batsman that the bowler is bowling at.

strike /stiː.ɹaɪk/ /stɹaɪk/ [stiː.ɹ̠ʌɪ̯k(ʰ)] v
faire grève barrer rayer frapper battre affaler
(transitive) To give, as a blow; to impel, as with a blow; to give a force to; to dash; to cast.
frapper battre
(transitive) To cause to sound by one or more beats; to indicate or notify by audible strokes. Of a clock, to announce (an hour of the day), usually by one or more sounds.
frapper
(transitive) To impress, seem or appear to (a person).

strike gold v
faire une affaire en or trouver le bon filon trouver le filon
(informal) To be lucky, to win or be successful.

strike one's flag v
baisser pavillon
(military, especially naval) To take down one's national or other representative flag in order to indicate surrender.

strike up v
entamer
(transitive, idiomatic) To start something with somebody else, such as a conversation or relationship.

strike while the iron is hot v
il faut battre le fer pendant qu’il est chaud
(idiomatic) To act on an opportunity promptly while favorable conditions exist; to avoid waiting.

strike zone strike zones n
zone de prises zone des prises
(baseball) The area through which if a pitched ball passes, it will be called a strike, typically from the batter's knees to the belt and the width of home plate.

strikebreaker strikebreakers n
jaune briseur de grève
A non-unionized worker hired to replace a striking union worker.

striker /ˈstɹaɪkə/ /ˈstɹaɪkɚ/ strikers n
gréviste
An individual who is on strike.

strikethrough /ˈstɹaɪk.θɹu/ strikethroughs n
biffure
(typography) An overlaid horizontal line striking out other characters.
(typography) A horizontal or oblique line striking out individual characters.

striking /ˈstɹaɪkɪŋ/ more striking most striking adj
éclatant
Making a strong impression.

string /stɹɪŋ/ strings n
corde
(countable) A long, thin and flexible structure made from threads twisted together.
(uncountable) Such a structure considered as a substance.
(musical instrument) A segment of wire (typically made of plastic or metal) or other material used as vibrating element on a musical instrument.
(countable) Any similar long, thin and flexible object.
(countable, physics) A tiny one-dimensional string-like entity, the main object of study in string theory, a branch of theoretical physics.
suite série
A thread or cord on which a number of objects or parts are strung or arranged in close and orderly succession; hence, a line or series of things arranged on a thread, or as if so arranged.
(countable) A series of items or events.
chaîne de caractères
(countable, programming) An ordered sequence of text characters stored consecutively in memory and capable of being processed as a single entity.
cordes
(music, usually, in the plural) The stringed instruments as a section of an orchestra, especially those played by a bow, or the persons playing those instruments.
cannabis marijuana
(slang) Cannabis or marijuana.

string /stɹɪŋ/ v
enfiler
(transitive) To put (items) on a string.

string bean string beans n
échalas
(figuratively) A tall and thin person.

string quartet string quartets n
quatuor à cordes
(music) A group of four musicians playing string instruments, usually two violins, a viola and a cello.

string theory string theories n
théorie des cordes
(physics) A candidate unified theory of all physical forces and particles; a theory which suggests that subatomic particles are one-dimensional strings rather than zero-dimensional points. It also suggests that space-time can have up to nine dimensions, plus the dimension of time.

string to one's bow strings to one's bow n
avoir plus d'un tour dans son sac avoir plus d'une corde à son arc corde à son arc tour dans son sac
(idiomatic) A skill, ability or resource.

string trimmer /ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmə/ /ˌstɹɪŋ ˈtɹɪmɚ/ string trimmers n
coupe-bordure coupe-herbe débroussailleuse
(horticulture) A powered, hand-held garden implement that uses a rotating monofilament line to cut grass, etc., without damaging other objects.

stringed instrument stringed instruments n
instrument à cordes

stringent /ˈstɹɪn.d͡ʒənt/ more stringent most stringent adj
strict
Strict; binding strongly; making strict requirements; restrictive; rigid; severe

stringer /stɹɪŋə/ /stɹɪŋɚ/ stringers n
lisse
A horizontal timber that supports upright posts, or supports the hull of a vessel.

stringy /ˈstɹɪŋi/ stringier stringiest adj
filandreux
Composed of, or resembling, string or strings.

strip /stɹɪp/ n
bande
(countable) A long, thin piece of land; any long, thin area.
bande strip
A comic strip.
piste
A landing strip.
(mining) A trough for washing ore.

strip /stɹɪp/ v
enlever
(transitive) To remove or take away, often in strips or stripes.
se déshabiller dépouiller enlever déposséder priver
(transitive) To take away something from (someone or something); to plunder; to divest.
abîmer
(transitive) To remove (the thread or teeth) from a screw, nut, or gear, especially inadvertently by overtightening.
foirer
(intransitive) To fail in the thread; to lose the thread, as a bolt, screw, or nut.
dénuder faire du strip-tease
(transitive) To fire (a bullet or ball) from a rifle such that it fails to pick up a spin from the rifling.
décolorer
(transitive) To remove color from hair, cloth, etc. to prepare it to receive new color.
dénuder
To remove the insulation from a wire/cable.

strip club strip clubs n
strip club
An establishment offering striptease or other erotic dancing.

strip down v
dépouiller
(transitive) To remove inessentials from.

strip off v
déshabiller se déshabiller
(intransitive, British, Ireland, idiomatic) To remove all of one's clothes (or sometimes to remove all except underclothes, or figuratively).

stripe /stɹaɪp/ /stɹʌɪp/ stripes n
rayure raie
A long region of a single colour in a repeating pattern of similar regions.
galon
(in the plural) The badge worn by certain officers in the military or other forces.

stripe /stɹaɪp/ /stɹʌɪp/ v
rayer

striped /stɹaɪpt/ adj
rayé
Having stripes, decorated or marked with bands differing in color.

striped hyena /ˌstɹaɪpt haɪˈiːnə/ striped hyenas n
hyène rayée
The smallest of the true hyenas, Hyaena hyaena.

striploin striploins n
contre-filet
(US, Canada) beef tenderloin

stripper /stɹɪpə/ /stɹɪpɚ/ /ʃkɹɪpə/ strippers n
stripteaseur stripteaseuse
Someone who removes their clothing in a sexually provocative manner, especially as a form of paid entertainment.

striptease stripteases n
striptease effeuillage
The act of slowly taking off one's clothes to sexually arouse the viewer, often accompanied by music and in exchange for money.

striptease v
strip-teaser stripteaser
(intransitive) To perform a striptease.

strive /ˈstɹaɪv/ v
s'appliquer s'efforcer
To try to achieve a result; to make strenuous effort; to try earnestly and persistently.
combattre
To struggle in opposition; to be in contention or dispute; to contend; to contest.

stroboscope stroboscopes n
stroboscope
Instrument for studying or observing periodic movement by rendering a moving body visible only at regular intervals.

stroganoff /ˈstroʊɡənɔf/ stroganoffs n
bœuf Stroganov
A dish of sautéed pieces of beef (or a substitute) served in a sauce with sour cream.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ strokes n
coup
(golf) A single act of striking at the ball with a club; also, at matchplay, a shot deducted from a player's score at a hole as a result of a handicapping system.
An act of hitting; a blow, a hit.
coup course
A single movement with a tool; also, an impact of a tool on an object.
caresse
An act of moving one's hand or an object along a surface in one direction, touching it lightly; a caress.
brasse
(swimming) A specific combination of movements of the arms and legs which, when repeated, causes the swimmer to advance through the water; also, the manner in which such movements are made; a swimming style.
course temps
(technology) A single movement or thrust of a part (such as a piston) of a machine that moves back and forth; also, the length of this movement.
trait
(linguistics) A line making up a written character; specifically, a Chinese, Japanese, or Korean character.
A movement of a brush in painting, of a chisel in carving, of a pen, pencil, or such implement in drawing or writing, etc., in one direction; hence, a line or mark made on a surface by such an implement.
accident vasculaire cérébral attaque cérébrale AVC infarctus
(medicine) The loss of brain function arising when the blood supply to the brain is suddenly interrupted.

stroke /stɹoʊk/ /stɹəʊk/ v
caresser
To move one's hand or an object (such as a broom or brush) along (a surface) in one direction, touching it lightly; to caress.

stroke of genius strokes of genius n
coup de génie éclair de génie
A sudden mental insight that solves a problem.

stroke order stroke orders n
ordre des traits
the standard sequence in which a Chinese character is written in Chinese, Japanese or Korean writing

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ strolls n
balade flânerie promenade
A wandering on foot; an idle and leisurely walk; a ramble.

stroll /stɹoʊl/ /stɹəʊl/ v
flâner promener balader
To wander on foot; to ramble idly or leisurely; to rove.

stroller strollers n
poussette
(US, Canada, Australia) A seat or chair on wheels, pushed by somebody walking behind it, typically used for transporting babies and young children.
promeneur
One who strolls.

stromal adj
stromal
relating to a stroma

stromatolite stromatolites n
stromatolite
(geology) A laminated, columnar, rock-like structure constituting a large share of all fossils from 3.5 to 0.5 billion years ago, with some still being formed at present, some or all of which result from the deposit of minerals by microorganisms such as cyanobacteria.

strong /stɹɑŋ/ /stɹɒŋ/ /stɹɔŋ/ [st̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [st̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɑŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɒŋ] [ʃt̠͡ɹ̠ɔŋ] [ʃt͡ʃɹɔŋ] stronger strongest adj
fort puissant
Capable of producing great physical force.
Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient.
solide fort
Capable of withstanding great physical force.
fort
Determined; unyielding.
Highly stimulating to the senses.
Having an offensive or intense odor or flavor.
(specifically) Having a high alcoholic content.
(military) Not easily subdued or taken.
(of an argument) Convincing.
fort irrégulier
(grammar) Inflecting in a different manner than the one called weak, such as Germanic verbs which change vowels.

strong as an ox adj
fort comme un Turc
(simile) Very strong and powerful.

strong nuclear interaction strong nuclear interactions n
interaction nucléaire forte
(nuclear physics) the fundamental interaction responsible for the strong nuclear force

strong suit strong suits n
point fort
(informal) A field in which, or task at which, one is quite capable.

strong verb strong verbs n
verbe fort
(grammar) Any of a class of Germanic verbs which use ablaut as opposed to a dental affix to indicate tense.
(grammar, linguistics) A member of a "strong" class in a language with two or more verb classes.

stronghold /ˈstɹɒŋhəʊld/ /ˈstɹɔŋˌhoʊld/ strongholds n
bastion place forte
A place built to withstand attack; a fortress.
fief
(figuratively) A place of domination by, or refuge or survival of, a particular group or idea.

strongly /stɹɑŋli/ /stɹɒŋli/ /stɹɔŋli/ more strongly most strongly stronglier strongliest adv
fortement fort
In a strong or powerful manner.
fortement
Very much.

strongly-typed adj
fortement typé

strontianite /stɹɒnˈtiːəˌnaɪt/ strontianites n
strontianite
(mineral) A grey or yellowish mineral, SrCO3, strontium carbonate, that is an ore of strontium.

strontium /ˈstɹɒn.ti.əm/ strontiums n
strontium
The metallic chemical element (symbol Sr) with an atomic number of 38. It is a soft, reactive, silvery alkaline earth metal.

stroopwafel /ˈstɹoʊpˌwɑfəl/ /ˈstɹuːp-/ /ˈstɹəʊpˌwɒfəl/ stroopwafels n
gaufres fourrées au caramel
A Dutch waffle made from two thin wafers with syrup in between.

strop /stɹɒp/ strops n
lanière
A strap; more specifically a piece of leather or a substitute (notably canvas), or strip of wood covered with a suitable material, for honing a razor.
estrope
(nautical) A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, and put round a block for hanging it.

stroppy /ˈstɹɒpi/ stroppier stroppiest adj
borné
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Commonwealth, slang) Ornery, fractious, belligerent, or obstreperous, and hence difficult to deal with.

structural more structural most structural adj
structurel structural
Of, relating to, or having structure.

structural formula structural formulae structural formulas n
formule structurale
(chemistry) Any of various diagrammatic representations of the structure of a molecule that shows how its atoms are linked to each other, with what type of bonds, and the presence of any charges

structural isomerism structural isomerisms n
isomérie structurelle
(chemistry) A form of isomerism in which the same atoms are arranged in different orders, either having the same or different functional groups.

structural unemployment n
chômage structurel
(economics) A type of unemployment explained by a mismatch between the requirements of the employers and the properties (such as skills, age, gender or location) of the unemployed.

structuralism structuralisms n
structuralisme
(linguistics) The theory that a human language is a self-contained structure related to other elements which make up its existence.

structurally adv
structuralement structurellement
In terms of structure.

structure /ˈstɹʌk(t)ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈstɹɐk(t)ʃə(ɹ)] [ˈstʃɹɐktʃə] structures n
structure
A cohesive whole built up of distinct parts.
The underlying shape of a solid.
The overall form or organization of something.
(computing) Several pieces of data treated as a unit.

structured more structured most structured adj
structuré
having structure; organized

strudel /ˈstɹuːdəl/ strudels n
strudel
A pastry made from multiple thin layers of dough rolled up and filled with fruit, etc.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] struggles n
lutte combat
(figurative) Strife, contention, great effort.

struggle /ˈstrʌɡəl/ [ˈstɹʌɡl̩] v
combattre lutter s'efforcer
To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight (for or against), to contend.

struggler strugglers n
lutteur
One who struggles.

strum /strʌm/ v
racler gratter
(ambitransitive) To play (a guitar or other stringed instrument) using various strings simultaneously.

strumpet /ˈstɹʌm.pɪt/ strumpets n
roulure putain pute
A female prostitute
(derogatory) A trollop; a whore.

strut /stɹət/ /stɹʌt/ [stɹɐt] [stɹʊ̈t] [stɹʌt] struts n
étai hauban jambe de force support
(chiefly, construction) A beam or rod providing support.

strut /stɹət/ /stɹʌt/ [stɹɐt] [stɹʊ̈t] [stɹʌt] v
parader pavaner
(transitive, by extension) To walk across or on (a stage or other place) haughtily or proudly.

strut one's stuff v
pavaner
(idiomatic, intransitive) To behave or perform in a showy or ostentatious manner, as if to impress others; to show off.

strychnine /ˈstɹɪk.niːn/ strychnines n
strychnine
(organic compound) A very toxic, colourless crystalline alkaloid, derived from nux vomica, used as a pesticide

stub /stʌb/ stubs n
moignon souche
Something blunted, stunted, or cut short, such as stubble or a stump.
souche talon
A piece of certain paper items, designed to be torn off and kept for record or identification purposes.
ébauche
(chiefly, WMF) A Wikipedia article providing only minimal information and intended for later development.
moignon
The remaining part of the docked tail of a dog

stubble /ˈstʌb.əl/ stubbles n
barbe de trois jours
(countable, and, uncountable) Short, coarse hair, especially on a man’s face.
éteule
(countable, and, uncountable) The short stalks left in a field after crops have been harvested.

stubborn /ˈstʊbən/ /ˈstʌbən/ /ˈstʌbɚn/ stubborner stubbornest adj
têtu entêté borné
Refusing to move or to change one's opinion; obstinate; firmly resisting; persistent in doing something.

stubborn as a mule adj
têtu comme une mule
(simile) Extremely stubborn

stubbornly more stubbornly most stubbornly adv
obstinément
In a stubborn manner.

stubbornness /ˈstʌbən(n)əs/ /ˈstʌbɚn(n)əs/ stubbornnesses n
entêtement
The state of being stubborn.

stucco stucchi stuccoes stuccos n
stuc
A plaster that is used to coat interior or exterior walls, or used for mouldings.

stucco v
stucquer stuquer
(transitive) To coat or decorate with stucco.

stuck /ˈstʌk/ more stuck most stuck adj
bloqué coincé
Unable to move.

stuck up more stuck up most stuck up adj
hautain orgueilleux vaniteux
(idiomatic) snobbish, conceited; believing oneself to be better than others, usually because of abundant success; haughty; arrogant or egotistical.

stud /stʌd/ studs n
étalon
A male animal, especially a stud horse (stallion), kept for breeding.
A female animal, especially a studmare (broodmare), kept for breeding.
clou
A small object that protrudes from something; an ornamental knob.
(engineering) A short rod or pin, fixed in and projecting from something, and sometimes forming a journal.
boucle d'oreille
(construction) A vertical post, especially one of the small uprights in the framing for lath and plaster partitions, and furring, and upon which the laths are nailed.

stud farm stud farms n
haras

studded tire studded tires n
pneu avec clous pneu avec crampon pneu avec studs pneu clouté pneu stud pneu studded

student /ˈstjuː.dənt/ /ˈstu.dənt/ /ˈst͡ʃuː.dənt/ students n
étudiant étudiante élève
A person who studies or learns about a particular subject.
étudiant étudiante
(in particular) A person who is enrolled at a college or university (as contrasted with a pupil or schoolchild attending a primary or secondary school).
A person who is formally enrolled at a school, a college or university, or another educational institution.

student body student bodies n
ensemble des élèves ensemble des étudiants
All the students (pupils) enrolled at an educational institution.

student council student councils n
conseil des élèves conseil des étudiants conseil étudiant
In elementary and secondary schools, an elected student body which mediates between students and staff and also organizes school-wide activities.

student loan student loans n
prêt étudiant
(education, finance) A loan granted to a student in higher education to help pay for the tuition.

studies /ˈstʌdiz/ n
études
(plural only) An academic field of study concerning the given subject.

studio /ˈstjuːdiəʊ/ /ˈstudioʊ/ /ˈst͡ʃuːdiəʊ/ studios n
studio atelier
An artist’s or photographer’s workshop or the room in which an artist works.
studio
A place where radio or television programs, records or films are made.
A studio apartment.

studious /ˈstjuːdi.əs/ /ˈstuːdi.əs/ more studious most studious adj
studieux
Given to thought, or to the examination of subjects by contemplation; contemplative.

studs n
chaussure crampons
A pair of shoes or boots which have studs on the bottom to aid grip.
crampons pneu
Tires with metal protrusions used for improved traction on snow and ice in winter.

study /ˈstʌdi/ studies n
étude
Mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning.
Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration.
An artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique.
bureau étude
A room in a house intended for reading and writing; traditionally the private room of the male head of household.

study /ˈstʌdi/ v
étudier faire des études
(academic, transitive) To take a course or courses on a subject.
étudier
(transitive) To look at minutely.
(transitive) To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder.

study group study groups n
groupe d'étude
A small group of people who meet regularly to discuss a shared field of study.

studying /ˈstʌdiːɪŋ/ studyings n
recherche étude
The action of the verb to study.

stuff /stʌf/ stuffs n
machin substance
truc
(informal) Miscellaneous items or objects; (with possessive) personal effects.
(informal) Used as placeholder, usually for material of unknown type or name.

stuff /stʌf/ v
foutre mettre
farcir bourrer déglinguer fourrer péter truffer
(transitive) To fill by packing or crowding something into; to cram with something; to load to excess.
fourrer
(transitive) To fill a space with (something) in a compressed manner.
déglinguer péter
(transitive, British, Australia, New Zealand) To break; to destroy.
empailler
To preserve a dead bird or other animal by filling its skin.

stuff one's face v
se caler les côtes se remplir la panse se taper la cloche
(idiomatic, informal) To eat excessively.

stuffed /stʌft/ more stuffed most stuffed adj
bourré farci
Full or packed (with some material or substance).
farci
(cooking) Filled with seasoning.

stuffed animal stuffed animals n
peluche
(US) A soft toy in the form of an animal.

stuffing /ˈstʌfɪŋ/ stuffings n
rembourrage
The matter used to stuff hollow objects such as pillows and saddles.
farce
Any of many food items used to stuff another.

stuffy /ˈstʌfi/ stuffier stuffiest adj
étouffant bouché mal aéré
Poorly ventilated; partially plugged.
en rogne fâché
(US) Angry and obstinate; sulky.

stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ stumbles n
faux pas chute
A fall, trip or substantial misstep.
bourde
An error or blunder.

stumble /ˈstʌmbəl/ v
trébucher faire un faux pas broncher
(transitive, figurative) To mislead; to confound; to cause to err or to fall.

stumble against v
tomber sur
(figuratively) To discover or find something by accident.
(figuratively) To meet somebody by chance.

stumble upon v
tomber sur
(figuratively) To discover or find something by accident.

stumbling block stumbling blocks n
écueil pierre d'achoppement
(idiomatic) A hindrance, obstacle or impediment; an opportunity for error.

stump /stʌmp/ stumps n
souche moignon
The remains of something that has been cut off; especially the remains of a tree, the remains of a limb.
estompe
(drawing) An artists’ drawing tool made of rolled paper used to smudge or blend marks made with charcoal, Conté crayon, pencil or other drawing media.

stumped more stumped most stumped adj
perplexe
(informal) Perplexed, confused.
(cricket, of a batsman, not comparable) out as a result of the wicket-keeper breaking the wicket with the ball while the batsman is out of his crease.
(slang, archaic) Done for; bankrupt or ruined.

stun /stʌn/ v
étourdir
(transitive) To incapacitate; especially by inducing disorientation or unconsciousness.
étourdir étonner époustoufler
(transitive) To shock or surprise.

stun gun stun guns n
foudroyeur taser
A weapon intended to immobilize, usually through delivery of an electric shock.

stunned /stʌnd/ more stunned most stunned adj
abasourdi stupéfait stupéfié
Unable to act or respond; dazed; shocked.

stunner stunners n
stunner
(professional wrestling) A professional wrestling maneuver in which an attacking wrestler applies a facelock to an opponent and falls to a seated position, forcing the opponent's jaw or neck to drop on the attacker's shoulder.

stunning more stunning most stunning adj
magnifique ravissant
(informal) Exceptionally beautiful or attractive.

stunt /stʌnt/ stunts n
acrobatie cascade coup publicitaire
A daring or dangerous feat, often involving the display of gymnastic skills.

stunting /ˈstʌntɪŋ/ stuntings n
rabougrissement
(medicine) Stunted growth, often caused by chronic malnutrition.

stuntman /ˈstʌnt.mæn/ stuntmen n
cascadeur
In films, someone who performs stunts that are deemed too dangerous or physically difficult for the main actors to attempt.

stupa /ˈstuːpə/ stupas n
stupa stûpa
(Buddhism) A dome-shaped Buddhist monument, used to house relics of the Lord Buddha.

stupefied more stupefied most stupefied adj
stupéfié
Experiencing the influence of an ingested mind-altering substance.

stupefy /ˈst(j)upəˌfaɪ/ /ˈst͡ʃupəˌfaɪ/ v
abasourdir abrutir ahurir estomaquer hébéter sidérer
(transitive) To dull the senses or capacity to think thereby reducing responsiveness; to dazzle or stun.

stupendous /stjuˈpɛndəs/ /stuˈpɛndəs/ more stupendous most stupendous adj
merveilleux
Astonishingly great or large; huge; enormous.

stupid /st͡ʃjuː.pɪd/ /ˈst(j)u.pɪd/ /ˈstjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃtjuː.pɪd/ /ˈʃt͡ʃjʉː.pəd/ more stupid most stupid stupider stupidest adj
stupide bête
(of animates) Lacking in intelligence.
Exhibiting the quality of having been done by someone lacking in intelligence.

stupidity /stjuːˈpɪdɪti/ /stuˈpɪdɪti/ stupidities n
stupidité idiotie
(uncountable) The property of being stupid.
bêtise stupidité idiotie sottise ânerie
(countable) An act that is stupid.

stupidly more stupidly most stupidly adv
bêtement stupidement
In a stupid manner.

stupor /ˈstju.pɚ/ /ˈstjuː.pə/ /ˈstu.pɚ/ stupors n
stupeur
A state of greatly dulled or completely suspended consciousness or sensibility; (particularly, symptom) a chiefly mental condition marked by absence of spontaneous movement, greatly diminished responsiveness to stimulation, and usually impaired consciousness.

sturdiness sturdinesses n
robustesse
The state or quality of being sturdy.

sturdy /ˈstɜrdi/ /ˈstɜːdi/ sturdier sturdiest adj
solide
Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
costaud robuste solide
Solid in structure or person.

sturgeon /ˈstɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈstɝd͡ʒən/ sturgeon sturgeons n
esturgeon
Any marine or freshwater fish of the family Acipenseridae that are prized for their roe and are endemic to temperate seas and rivers of the northern hemisphere, especially central Eurasia.

stutter /ˈstʌtə/ /ˈstʌtɚ/ stutters n
bégaiement

stutterer stutterers n
bègue bégayeur balbutieur balbutieuse bégayeuse
One who stutters; one who speaks with a stutter.

stuttering stutterings n
bégaiement

sty /staɪ/ sties styes n
porcherie
A pen or enclosure for swine.
(figurative) A messy, dirty or debauched place.

stye /ˈstaɪ/ styes n
orgelet compère loriot
(disease) A bacterial infection in the eyelash or eyelid.

style /staɪl/ styles n
style
(botany) The stalk that connects the stigma(s) to the ovary in a pistil of a flower.
(by extension from sense 1.1) A particular manner of expression in writing or speech, especially one regarded as good.
modèle style
A particular manner of creating, doing, or presenting something, especially a work of architecture or art.

stylesheet /ˈstaɪlʃiːt/ stylesheets n
feuille de style
A document issued by a publisher informing authors how to style their works for publication.
(web design) A document consisting of markup that describes the layout and presentation to be used when displaying other documents.

stylish /ˈstaɪlɪʃ/ more stylish most stylish adj
élégant
Having elegance or taste or refinement in manners or dress.

stylist /ˈstaɪlɪst/ stylists n
styliste

stylistic /staɪˈlɪstɪk/ /stɪˈlɪstɪk/ more stylistic most stylistic adj
stylistique
Of or pertaining to style, especially to linguistic or literary style.

stylistics n
stylistique
(linguistics) The study of literary style, and how it changes within different contexts.

stylite /ˈstaɪlaɪt/ /ˈstʌɪlʌɪt/ stylites n
stylite stylitesse
(Christianity, historical) A Christian ascetic in ancient times who lived alone on top of a tall pillar.

stylobate /ˈstaɪ.lə.beɪt/ stylobates n
stylobate
(Classical Greek, _, architecture) The top step of the crepidoma, i.e. the platform upon which the superstructure of the building is erected.

styloglossus /ˌstaɪ.loʊˈɡlɑs.əs/ /ˌstaɪ.loʊˈɡlɔs.əs/ styloglossi n
muscle stylo-glosse
(muscle) A small muscle that arises from the styloid process of the temporal bone, inserts along the side and underpart of the tongue, and functions to draw up the sides of the tongue to create a trough for swallowing.

stylography n
stylographie
The process of drawing or writing using a stylus onto a wax tablet, etc.

styloid /ˈstaɪ.lɔɪd/ adj
styloïde
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the styloid process.

stylophone /ˈstaɪləfəʊn/ stylophones n
stylophone
(music) A small synthesizer operated using a stylus.

stylus /ˈstaɪ.ləs/ styli styluses n
stylo
style stylet
(writing) An ancient writing implement consisting of a small rod with a pointed end for scratching letters on clay, wax-covered tablets or other surfaces, and a blunt end for obliterating them.
saphir
A hard-pointed pen-shaped instrument for marking on stencils used in a mimeograph machine.
A hard point, typically of diamond or sapphire, following a groove in a phonograph and transmitting the recorded sound for reproduction.
poinçon
A tool for making small dots on a piece of heavy paper, used to produce Braille writing for the blind by hand.

stymie /ˈstaɪmi/ v
mettre en échec obstruer
To thwart or stump; to cause to fail or to leave hopelessly puzzled, confused, or stuck.

styrofoam styrofoams n
polystyrène styromousse frigolite polystyrène expansé
Expanded polystyrene foam, such as is used in cups and packaging.

suave /sweɪv/ /swɑv/ /swɑːv/ suaver suavest adj
suave
Charming, confident and elegant.

suavity suavities n
courtoisie
The quality of being sweet or pleasing to the mind; agreeableness; pleasantness

sub /sʌb/ subs n
sandwich sous-marin
Short for submarine sandwich.: a sandwich made on a long bun.

sub- /sʌb/ prefix
sous- sub-
under, beneath

sub-Saharan adj
subsaharien sub-saharien
Of or pertaining to that part of Africa which lies south of the Sahara Desert.

sub-Saharan Africa pn
Afrique noire Afrique subsaharienne
Africa south of the Sahara, particularly used to distinguish the areas chiefly populated by dark-skinned peoples.

sub-system sub-systems n
sous-sytème
A group of related components that are part of a larger system.

sub-zero adj
au-dessous de zéro
(of a temperature) below 0°C; freezing cold

subalpine more subalpine most subalpine adj
subalpin
At the foot of the Alps

subaltern /sʌbˈɔltərn/ /ˈsʌbəltɚn/ more subaltern most subaltern adj
subalterne
Of a lower rank or position; inferior or secondary; especially (military rank) ranking as a junior officer, below the rank of captain.

subaltern /sʌbˈɔltərn/ /ˈsʌbəltɚn/ subalterns n
subalterne

subaltern studies n
études subalternes
(historiography) The study and writing of history with a particular focus on the experiences and perspectives of common people, rather than that of political leaders or the elite.

subarctic /sʌbˈɑːktɪk/ /sʌbˈɑːtɪk/ adj
subarctique
Of, relating to, or characteristic of the subarctic.

subatomic adj
subatomique
(physics) Relating to particles that are constituents of the atom, or are smaller than an atom; such as proton, neutron, electron, etc.

subatomic particle subatomic particles n
particule subatomique
Any of many units of matter smaller than an atom.

subbalanic adj
sous-balanique
located under the glans

subbranch subbranches n
sous-branche
A branch that is itself an offshoot of a branch of something.

subcarrier subcarriers n
sous-porteuse
(telecommunications) A separate signal carried on a main radio transmission, often carrying additional information such as voice or data.

subcategory subcategories n
sous-catégorie
(category theory) A subclass of a category which is itself a category, whose arrows are a restriction of the arrows of the parent category, and whose composition rule is a restriction of the parent category's

subchapter subchapters n
sous-chapitre
A subsection of a chapter.

subclass subclasses n
sous-classe
A secondary class within a main class.
(taxonomy) A rank directly below class.
classe fille
(object-oriented programming) An object class derived from another class (its superclass) from which it inherits a base set of properties and methods.

subclassable adj
sous-classable

subclavian artery subclavian arteries n
artère subclavière

subcommand subcommands n
sous-commande

subcommittee /ˈsʌb.kəˌmɪti/ subcommittees n
sous-comité
A committee formed by an existing committee, comprising a subset of its members.

subconsciously more subconsciously most subconsciously adv
subconsciemment
Below the level of conscious awareness.

subconsciousness n
subconscience
The state of being subconscious.

subcontinent subcontinents n
sous-continent
A large landmass which is either smaller than a continent (such as Greenland), or part of an even larger continent (such as the Indian subcontinent).

subcontract v
sous-traiter
(ambitransitive) To contract out portions of a larger contracted project.

subcontractor subcontractors n
sous-traitant
A contractor hired by a general contractor employed by the contractor rather than directly hired by the customer.

subculture /ˈsʌbˌkʌltʃɚ/ subcultures n
sous-culture
A portion of a culture distinguished by its customs or other features, often in contrast to the larger mainstream culture.

subcutaneous /sʌbkjuːˈteɪnɪəs/ more subcutaneous most subcutaneous adj
sous-cutané
Pertaining to the fatty layer under the skin.

subdatabase subdatabases n
sous-base de données
(databases) A database making up part of a larger database.

subdeacon subdeacons n
sous-diacre
(Catholicism, chiefly, historical) A Catholic clerical rank in the major orders below that of a deacon.

subdialect subdialects n
sous-dialecte

subdirectory subdirectories n
sous-répertoire
(computing) A directory located inside another directory.

subdomain subdomains n
sous-domaine
(computing, Internet) A domain name that has been prefaced with additional parts separated with periods.

subdue /səbˈdjuː/ /səbˈdu/ /səbˈdʒuː/ /sʌb-/ v
soumettre subjuguer
To overcome, quieten, or bring under control.
assujettir
To bring (a country) under control by force.

subduple adj
sous-double
(mathematics) Indicating one part of two; in the ratio of one to two.

suberate suberates n
subérate
(chemistry) A salt or ester of suberic acid.

suberin suberins n
subérine
A waxy material found in the cell walls of cork and similar plants

subfamily subfamilies n
sous-famille
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category ranking between a family and a genus; formerly called a tribe

subfolder subfolders n
sous-répertoire
(computing) A folder within another folder.

subgenre subgenres n
sous-genre
One of several categories within a particular genre.

subgenus subgenera subgenuses n
sous-genre
(taxonomy) A subdivision of a genus.

subgiant subgiants n
étoile sous-géante
(astronomy) A star that has left the main sequence but has not yet become a true giant star.

subglacial /sʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃl̩/ /sʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃɪ.əl/ /ˌsʌbˈɡleɪ.ʃ(ə)l/ adj
subglaciaire
Formed or occurring beneath a glacier or other body of ice.

subglaucous adj
subglauque
Having a colour between glaucous and green.

subgraph subgraphs n
sous-graphe
(graph theory) A graph or network that makes up part of a larger graph or network.

subgroup /ˈsʌbˌɡɹuːp/ subgroups n
sous-groupe
A group within a larger group; a group whose members are some, but not all, of the members of a larger group.

subhuman [sʌbˈhjuːmən] subhumans n
sous-homme
Anything which is less than human.

subjacent /sʌbˈdʒeɪsənt/ more subjacent most subjacent adj
sous-jacent
Lying beneath or at a lower level; underlying.

subject /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ more subject most subject adj
sujet
Likely to be affected by or to experience something.
Conditional upon something; used with to.
sujet soumis
Placed under the power of another; owing allegiance to a particular sovereign or state.

subject /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɛkt/ /ˈsʌb.d͡ʒɪkt/ subjects n
sujet
(grammar) The noun, pronoun or noun phrase about whom the statement is made. In active clauses with verbs denoting an action, the subject is the actor. In clauses in the passive voice the subject is the target of the action.
A citizen in a monarchy.
A person ruled over by another, especially a monarch or state authority.
A human, animal or an inanimate object that is being examined, treated, analysed, etc.
(philosophy) A being that has subjective experiences, subjective consciousness, or a relationship with another entity.
sujet matière discipline
The main topic of a paper, work of art, discussion, field of study, etc.
matière discipline
A particular area of study.

subject /səbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛkt/ v
soumettre
(transitive, construed with to) To cause (someone or something) to undergo a particular experience, especially one that is unpleasant or unwanted.
assujettir
(transitive) To make subordinate or subservient; to subdue or enslave.

subject matter subject matters n
sujet
The matter or thought presented for consideration in some statement or discussion; that which is made the object of thought or study.

subjection subjections n
soumission
The act of bringing something under the control of something else.

subjective /səbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ /sʌbˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ more subjective most subjective adj
subjectif
Formed, as in opinions, based upon a person's feelings or intuition, not upon observation or reasoning; coming more from within the observer than from observations of the external environment.

subjective case subjective cases n
cas sujet
(grammar) The form of a noun or pronoun used as the subject of a finite verb. In the active_voice this is the agent, in the passive_voice the subject is the receiver of the action. In both cases the subject is the thing subjected to what is said about it, it is the “topic of the statement”.

subjectively more subjectively most subjectively adv
subjectivement
In a subjective manner.

subjectivity subjectivities n
subjectivité
(singulare tantum) The state of being subjective.

subjugate /ˈsʌbd͡ʒuɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒuɡət/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌbd͡ʒəɡət/ v
assujettir
(transitive) To forcibly impose obedience or servitude upon.

subjugation /ˌsʌbd͡ʒəˈɡeɪʃən/ /ˌsʌbd͡ʒʊˈɡeɪʃən/ subjugations n
assujettissement
The act of subjugating.

subjunctive /səbˈd͡ʒʌŋktɪv/ adj
subjonctif
(grammar, of a verb) Inflected to indicate that an act or state of being is possible, contingent or hypothetical, and not a fact.

subjunctive mood subjunctive moods n
subjonctif
(grammar) Mood expressing an action or state which is hypothetical or anticipated rather than actual, including wishes and commands.

sublet /ˌsʌbˈlɛt/ v
sous-louer
(transitive, property law) To grant a sublease out of property held under a lease.

sublicense v
sous-licencier
(legal) to grant a sublicense

subligaculum subligacula n
subligaculum
A kind of underwear worn in Ancient Rome.

sublimate /ˈsʌblɪmeɪt/ /ˈsʌblɪmət/ v
honorer sublimer
(also, figurative) To raise (someone) to a high office or status; to dignify, to elevate, to exalt.
sublimer
(figurative, psychoanalysis) To modify (the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct) in a socially acceptable manner; to divert the energy of (such an instinct) into some acceptable activity.
(generally) To change (a solid substance) into a gas without breaking down or passing through the liquid state by heating it gently. [from 16th c.]
(figurative, psychoanalysis) To modify the natural expression of a sexual or primitive instinct in a socially acceptable manner; to divert the energy of such an instinct into some acceptable activity.

sublimation sublimations n
sublimation
(chemistry) The transition of a substance from the solid phase directly to the vapor state such that it does not pass through the intermediate liquid phase. [from late 14th c.]
(psychology) The transformation of an impulse into something socially constructive. [from 20th c.]

sublime /səˈblaɪm/ sublimer sublimest adj
sublime
(chiefly, poetic, archaic) Of a person: dignified, majestic, noble.

subliminal /səˈblɪm.ɪ.nəl/ /ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nəl/ [səˈblɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] [ˌsʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nl̩] more subliminal most subliminal adj
subliminal
(physiology) Of a stimulus: below the limen or threshold of conscious perception, especially if still able to produce a response; also (generally) , below the threshold where a response can be produced. [from late 19th c.]
(by extension) Of an advertisement, a message, etc.: conveyed in a manner that a person is unaware of being influenced by it. [from mid 20th c.]

subliminal message subliminal messages n
message subliminal
A signal or message embedded in another object, designed to pass below the normal limits of perception.

subliminally /səˈblɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ /sʌbˈlɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ /ˌsabˈlɪm.ɪ.nə.li/ more subliminally most subliminally adv
subliminalement
In a subliminal manner.

sublimity sublimities n
sublimité
(uncountable) The quality or state of being sublime.

sublingual /sʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ /ˌsʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡju.əl/ /ˌsʌbˈlɪŋ.ɡwəl/ adj
sublingual
(medicine) Administered through placement under the tongue. [from 17th c.]
(anatomy) Situated beneath the tongue. [from 17th c.]

submachine gun submachine guns n
mitraillette pistolet mitrailleur PM
A type of short range machine gun that is carried as a personal weapon and uses pistol ammunition.

submanifold submanifolds n
sous-variété
(topology) A manifold which is a subset of another, so that the inclusion function is an embedding or, sometimes, an immersion.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ adj
sous-marin
Hidden or undisclosed.

submarine /sʌb.məˈɹin/ /sʌb.məˈɹiːn/ /ˈsʌb.mə.ɹin/ submarines n
sous-marin
A boat that can go underwater.

submenu submenus n
sous-menu
(computing, graphical user interface) A secondary menu available through another menu, especially one that branches off the first.

submerge /səbˈmɜːd͡ʒ/ /səbˈmɝd͡ʒ/ v
immerger submerger
(transitive) To put into a liquid; to immerse; to plunge into and keep in.

submersible adj
submersible
Able to be submerged.

submersible submersibles n
submersible

submethod submethods n
sous-méthode

submission /səbˈmɪʃən/ submissions n
soumission
The act of submitting or yielding; surrender.
The act of submitting or giving e.g. a completed piece of work.
The thing which has been submitted.
A submission hold in wrestling, mixed martial arts, or other combat sports.

submissive /səbˈmɪsɪv/ more submissive most submissive adj
soumis
Meekly obedient or passive.

submissive /səbˈmɪsɪv/ submissives n
passif
(BDSM) One who submits to a dominant partner in BDSM practices.

submit /səbˈmɪt/ v
soumettre
(intransitive) To yield or give way to another.
soumettre présenter
(ambitransitive) To enter or put forward for approval, consideration, marking etc.
gagner par soumission
(transitive, mixed martial arts, professional wrestling) To win a fight against (an opponent) by submission.

submolecular adj
sub-moléculaire submoléculaire
Below the molecular scale; smaller than a molecule

subnamespace subnamespaces n
sous-espace de nom

subnet subnets n
sous-réseau
(networking) A portion of a network that shares a network address in which each component is identified by a number.

subnival /sʌbˈnaɪvl̩/ /ˌsʌbˈnaɪv(ə)l/ adj
subnival subnivéen
Of a habitat: of an altitude, latitude, or type just below that which would be permanently covered by snow (the snow line).

subnormal more subnormal most subnormal adj
subnormal
Less than normal.

suboptimal /sʌbˈɑptɪməl/ /sʌbˈɒptɪməl/ adj
suboptimal
Worse than optimal; of less than the highest standard or quality.

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ more subordinate most subordinate adj
subordonné
Placed in a lower class, rank, or position.

subordinate /səˈboːdɪnæɪt/ /səˈboːdɪnət/ /səˈbɔɹdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔɹdɪnət/ /səˈbɔːdɪneɪt/ /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ subordinates n
subordonné subordonnée subordonnées subordonnés
(countable) One who is subordinate.

subordinate clause subordinate clauses n
proposition subordonnée subordonnée
(grammar) A clause that cannot stand alone as a sentence, but functions as either a noun, adjective or adverb in a sentence.

subordinating conjunction subordinating conjunctions n
conjonction de subordination
(grammar) A word that appears at the beginning of a subordinate clause and establishes its nature.

subpackage subpackages n
sous-package
(object-oriented programming) A package situated hierarchically below another package.

subpage subpages n
sous-page
(Internet) A web page that is subordinate to another.

subpalpebral adj
subpalpébral
(anatomy) Underneath the eyelids.

subpattern subpatterns n
sous-masque subpattern

subphylum subphyla subphylums n
sous-phylum
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below phylum and above class

subpixel subpixels n
sous-pixel

subpoena /səˈpiːnə/ subpoenae subpoenas subpoenæ n
citation
(legal) A writ requiring someone to appear in court to give testimony.

subpolar adj
subpolaire
Situated below the poles

subpreputial adj
sous-préputial
located under the prepuce (foreskin of the penis)

subprocess subprocesses n
sous-processus

subquery subqueries n
sous-requête
(databases) A query embedded within a more extensive query, relating only to the data returned by the parent query.

subquestion subquestions n
sous-question
A question making up part of a larger question.

subrenal adj
surrénal
(anatomy) Beneath the kidney

subrogation subrogations n
subrogation
(legal) Substitution of a different person in place of a creditor or claimant with respect to certain rights and duties.

subroutine subroutines n
fonction procédure sous-routine
(computer science) A section of code, called by the main body of a program, that implements a task.

subscribe /səbˈskɹaɪb/ v
s'abonner abonner souscrire
(ergative) To sign up to have copies of a publication, such as a newspaper or a magazine, delivered for a period of time.

subscriber /səbˈskɹaɪbɚ/ subscribers n
abonné abonnée
A person who subscribes to a publication or a service.

subscript subscripts n
indice lettre inférieure
(typography) A type of lettering form written lower than the things around it.

subscription /səbˈskɹɪpʃən/ subscriptions n
abonnement
Access to a resource for a period of time, generally for payment.

subsection subsections n
sous-section
A defined part of a section.
alinéa article paragraphe sous-alinéa
(legal) A subpart of a legal document such as law.

subsequent /ˈsʌbsəkwənt/ /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ adj
prochain suivant subséquent
Following in time; coming or being after something else at any time, indefinitely.

subsequently /ˈsʌb.sɪ.kwənt.li/ adv
ensuite subséquemment
Accordingly, therefore (implying a logical connection or deduction), consequently.

subservience subserviences n
asservissement servilité soumission
The state of being subservient.

subservient more subservient most subservient adj
servile
Obsequiously submissive.

subset /ˈsʌbˌsɛt/ subsets n
sous-ensemble
(set theory, of a set S) A set A such that every element of A is also an element of S.
A group of things or people, all of which are in a specified larger group.

subside /səbˈsaɪd/ /sʌbˈsaɪd/ v
se déposer tomber
(intransitive) To sink or fall to the bottom; to settle, as lees.
couler descendre s’abaisser s’affaisser tomber
(intransitive) To fall downward; to become lower; to descend; to sink.
retomber se calmer
(intransitive) To fall into a state of calm; to be calm again; to settle down; to become tranquil; to abate.

subsidence /sʌbˈsaɪdəns/ /ˈsʌbsədəns/ /ˈsʌbsɪdəns/ subsidences n
subsidence
(geology) A sinking of something to a lower level, especially of part of the surface of the Earth due to underground excavation, seismic activity or underground or ground water depletion.

subsidiarity /səbˌsɪdiˈæɹɪti/ subsidiarities n
subsidiarité
The principle that initiative (whether in government, business or religion) ought to reside at the lowest feasible level (i.e. at the local or regional level, instead of the national or supranational level, unless the latter presents clear advantages)

subsidiarization subsidiarizations n
filialisation

subsidiarize v
filialiser
To divide a company into legally distinct, but financially related subsidiaries.

subsidiary /sʌbˈsɪ.di.əɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.dəɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.d͡ʒəɹ.i/ more subsidiary most subsidiary adj
subsidiaire
Auxiliary or supplemental.
Of or relating to a subsidy.
secondaire
Secondary or subordinate.

subsidiary /sʌbˈsɪ.di.əɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.dəɹ.i/ /sʌbˈsɪ.d͡ʒəɹ.i/ subsidiaries n
filiale
A company owned by a parent company or a holding company, also called daughter company or sister company.

subsidize /ˈsʌbsɪdaɪz/ v
subventionner
(transitive) To assist (someone or something) by granting a subsidy.

subsidy /ˈsʌbsɪdi/ subsidies n
subvention subside
Financial support or assistance, such as a grant.

subsist /səbˈsɪst/ v
subsister
To survive on a minimum of resources.
(mostly, philosophy) To have ontological reality; to exist.
To retain a certain state; to continue.

subsistence economy subsistence economies n
économie de subsistance

subsistence farming n
agriculture de subsistance

subsoil subsoils n
sous-sol
The layer of earth that is below the topsoil.

subspace subspaces n
sous-espace
(countable, mathematics) A subset of a space which is a space in its own right.

subspecies /-siːz/ /-ʃɪz/ /ˈsʌbspiːʃiːz/ subspecies n
sous-espèce
(taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below species.

substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ [ˈsʌbstənts] substances n
substance
Physical matter; material.
Drugs (illegal narcotics)
substance fond
The essential part of anything; the most vital part.
biens substance
Material possessions; estate; property; resources.

substance abuse n
abus de drogues
(medicine) An overindulgence in and dependence on a drug or other chemical.

substantia nigra substantia nigras substantiae nigrae n
substantia nigra
(anatomy) A brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement, damage to which occurs in Parkinson's and Parkinsonian patients. [from 19th c.]

substantial /səbˈstænʃəl/ more substantial most substantial adj
substantiel
Having a substance; actually existing.
Large in size, quantity, or value; ample; significant.
Most important; essential.
Satisfying; having sufficient substance to be nourishing or filling.

substantival /ˌsʌbstənˈtaɪvəl/ adj
substantif
(grammar) Of or pertaining to a substantive.

substantive /səbˈstæntɪv/ /ˈsʌbstəntɪv/ more substantive most substantive adj
substantif
Having substance; enduring; solid; firm; substantial.
direct substantif
(chemistry, of a dye) Not needing the use of a mordant to be made fast to that which is being dyed.

substantively more substantively most substantively adv
substantivement
In a substantive manner, or to a substantive extent.

substantivise v
substantiver

substation substations n
poste
A site where electricity supplied by long-distance (high-voltage) transmission lines is transformed and/or regulated for local (low-voltage) distribution.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ /ˈsʌbstɪtut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/ substitutes n
substitut remplaçant
A replacement or stand-in for something that achieves a similar result or purpose.

substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ /ˈsʌbstɪtut/ /ˈsʌbstɪtʃuːt/ v
substituer remplacer de en mettre place
(transitive) To use in place of something else, with the same function.
(transitive, formerly, _, proscribed, in the phrase "substitute X with/by Y") To use Y in place of X; to replace X with Y.

substitutes' bench substitutes' benches n
banc de touche banc des remplaçants
(football) The bench on which the players sit when they are not in action.

substitution /ˌsʌbstəˈtuʃən/ /ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃən/ substitutions n
remplacement
The act of substituting or the state of being substituted.
réaction de substitution
(chemistry, especially, organic chemistry) The replacement of an atom, or group of atoms, in a compound, with another.

substrate /ˈsʌbstɹeɪt/ substrates n
substrat
An underlying layer; a substratum.
(biology) A surface on which an organism grows, or to which an organism or an item is attached.
(linguistics) A language that is replaced in a population by another language and that influences the language imposed on its speakers.
(plating) A metal which is plated with another metal which has different physical properties.

substructure substructures n
substructure
The supporting part of a structure (either physical or organizational; the foundation).

subsume /səbˈsjuːm/ /səbˈsuːm/ v
subsumer impliquer
To place (any one cognition) under another as belonging to it; to include or contain something else.
colliger généraliser rejoindre
To consider an occurrence as part of a principle or rule; to colligate

subsumption subsumptions n
subsomption
The act of subsuming.
Something subsumed.
(logic) The premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term.

subtab subtabs n
sous-onglet
(GUI) A tab that is part of another tab or section.

subtend /sʌbˈtɛnd/ v
sous-tendre
(transitive, also mathematics) To extend or stretch opposite something; to be part of a straight or curved line that is opposite to and delimits an angle.

subterfuge /ˈsʌbtəɹˌfjuːd͡ʒ/ subterfuges n
subterfuge

subterranean /ˌsʌbtəˈɹeɪniən/ adj
souterrain
Below ground, under the earth, underground.

subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ subtitles n
sous-titre
(authorship) A heading below or after a title.
(cinematography, television) Textual versions of the dialogue in films (and similar media such as television or video games), usually displayed at the bottom of the screen.

subtitle /ˈsʌbtaɪtəl/ v
sous-titrer
To create subtitles for the dialogue in a film.

subtitled adj
sous-titré
(of a film) in which the dialogue is translated into another language, and displayed, in text, at the bottom of the screen.

subtitler subtitlers n
sous-titreur sous-titreuse
Someone who translates subtitles.
A software package that assists in creating subtitles for movies, documentaries, etc.

subtitling subtitlings n
sous-titrage

subtle /ˈsʌt(ə)l/ [ˈsʌɾɫ̩] more subtle most subtle subtler subtlest adj
astucieux
subtil délicat
Hard to grasp; not obvious or easily understood.

subtlety /ˈsʌt(ə)lti/ subtleties n
subtilité
The quality of being done in a clever way that is not obvious or not direct; the quality of being carefully thought out. (of things)
entremets
(countable, historical) An ornate medieval illusion dish or table decoration, especially when made from one thing but crafted to look like another.

subtly /ˈsʌ.tl̩.li/ /ˈsʌt.li/ /ˈsʌt.l̩.li/ more subtly most subtly adv
subtilement
With subtleness, in a subtle manner; with cleverness rather than brute force.

subtotal subtotals n
sous-total
The total for a part of a list of numbers being summed.

subtract /səbˈtɹækt/ v
soustraire
(transitive, arithmetic) To remove or reduce; especially to reduce a quantity or number

subtraction /səbˈtɹækʃən/ subtractions n
soustraction
(arithmetic, uncountable) The process of subtracting a number from another.
(arithmetic, countable) A calculation involving subtracting.

subtrahend /ˈsʌbtɹəhɛnd/ subtrahends n
diminuteur
(arithmetic) A number or quantity to be subtracted from another.

subtree subtrees n
sous-arbre
(mathematics, computer science, graph theory) A tree wholly contained in another.

subtropical adj
subtropical
Pertaining to the regions of the Earth further from the equator than the tropical regions.

subtropics n
subtropicales
The region between the tropics and the temperate latitudes of the world.

suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ /ˈsʌbɝb/ suburbs n
banlieue faubourg
A residential area located on the outskirts of a city or large town that usually includes businesses that cater to its residents; such as schools, grocery stores, shopping centers, restaurants, convenience stores, etc.
arrondissement
(AU, Ireland, NZ, UK) Any subdivision of a conurbation, not necessarily on the periphery.

suburban /səˈbɜː(ɹ)bən/ more suburban most suburban adj
suburbain banlieusard
Relating to or characteristic of or situated on the outskirts of a city.

suburbanite suburbanites n
banlieusard banlieusarde
(informal) Someone who lives in the suburbs.

suburbanization suburbanizations n
banlieusardisation
The process of suburbanizing, of population movement from cities to suburbs

subvassal subvassals n
vavasseur
(historical) The vassal of a vassal. [from 15th c.]

subversion /sʌbˈvɜɹ.ʒən/ /sʌbˈvɜː.ʃən/ subversions n
chavirage
(obsolete) The act of subverting; overturning; flipping from beneath.
subversion renversement
The act of overthrowing a government or a ruler; dethronement.
A systematic attempt to overthrow a government by working from within; undermining.

subversive /-vɚsɪv/ /səbˈvɜːsɪv/ /səbˈvɝsɪv/ /sʌb-/ [səbˈβɝsɪv] [səb̪ˈvɝsɪv] more subversive most subversive adj
subversif
Intending to subvert, overturn, undermine or debase.

subversively more subversively most subversively adv
subversivement
In a subversive manner.

subvert /səbˈvɜːt/ /səbˈvɝt/ v
renverser
(transitive) To overturn from the foundation; to overthrow; to ruin utterly.

subway /ˈsʌbˌweɪ/ [ˈsʌbˌweɪ̯] subways n
métro métropolitain
(North America, Scotland, South Africa) A train that runs on such an underground railway.
métro passage souterrain métropolitain souterrain
(British) An underground walkway, tunnel for pedestrians (called pedestrian underpass in US).

subway-surface /ˌsʌb.weɪ̯ ˈsɝːfɨs/ [ˌsab.wej ˈsɜ.fɐs] [ˌsəb.wej ˈsɚ.fɪs] [ˌsʌb.wej ˈsɝː.fɨs] [ˌsʌb.we̞j ˈsəː.fəs] subway-surfaces n
prémétro
(rail, US) streetcar lines whose sections in the city center operate in tunnels like subway lines; typically built to speed up streetcar service by bypassing congested streets, as provision for future conversion to rapid transit, or both.

subwoofer subwoofers n
subwoofer
An electronic speaker designed to produce low-frequency sound, especially bass.

succade /səˈkeɪd/ succades n
citronnat
Candied citrus peel (or, less commonly, other preserves).

succeed /səkˈsiːd/ v
réussir succéder avoir du succès
(intransitive) To come in the place of another person, thing, or event; to come next in the usual, natural, or prescribed course of things; to follow; hence, to come next in the possession of anything; (often with to).

success /səkˈsɛs/ successes n
succès
The achievement of one's aim or goal. [from 16th c.]

success story success stories n
success story
A successful person or thing, serving as a model for others.

successful /səkˈsɛs.fl̩/ more successful most successful adj
couronné de succès ayant du succès marqué de succès
Resulting in success; assuring, or promoting, success; accomplishing what was proposed; having the desired effect

successfully /səkˈsɛsfəli/ more successfully most successfully adv
avec succès
In a successful manner; with success; without failing.

succession /səkˈsɛʃ.ən/ successions n
succession
An act of following in sequence.
A passing of royal powers.

successive /səkˈsɛsɪv/ adj
successif
Coming one after the other in a series.

successively adv
successivement
In a serial or successive manner; one following another.

successor /səkˈsɛsə/ /səkˈsɛsɚ/ successors n
successeur successeuse successrice
A person or thing that immediately follows another in holding an office or title.
The next heir in order or succession.

succinate succinates n
succinate
(organic chemistry) Any salt or ester of succinic acid.

succinct /sə(k)ˈsɪŋkt/ /səkˈsɪŋ(k)t/ more succinct most succinct adj
succinct
Brief and to the point.

succinic acid n
acide succinique
(carboxylic acid) A colourless crystalline dicarboxylic acid, (CH2COOH)2, that occurs naturally in amber and is important in the metabolic Krebs cycle.

succour /ˈsʌkə/ /ˈsʌkɚ/ succours n
secours
(uncountable) Aid, assistance, or relief given to one in distress; ministration.

succour /ˈsʌkə/ /ˈsʌkɚ/ v
secourir
(transitive) To give aid, assistance, or help.

succubus /ˈsʌk.jə.bəs/ /ˈsʌk.jʊ.bəs/ succubi succubuses n
succube
(medieval folklore) A female demon which comes to men, especially monks, in their dreams to seduce them and have sexual intercourse, drawing energy from the men to sustain themselves, often until the point of exhaustion or death.

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/ more succulent most succulent adj
succulent
Juicy or lush.
succulent gras grasse succulente
(botany) Having fleshy leaves or other tissues that store water.

succulent /ˈsʌkjələnt/ succulents n
succulente
A succulent plant.

succumb /səˈkʌm/ v
succomber
(intransitive) To give up, or give in.
(intransitive) To die.

such /sɛt͡ʃ/ /sɪt͡ʃ/ /sʌt͡ʃ/ determiner
ainsi
tel
(demonstrative) Like this, that, these, those; used to make a comparison with something implied by context.
tellement
(degree) Used as an intensifier roughly equivalent to very much (of), quite or rather.

such as preposition
comme
Like, of the kind mentioned.

such is life phraseologicalUnit
c'est la vie la vie est ainsi faite
Used to express the acceptance of misfortune in one's life.

such that conjunction
tel que
Which satisfies (the condition that).

such-and-such such-and-suches n
Untel
A placeholder or generic thing.

suchlike pronoun
choses de ce genre
Other things of the same kind or type.

suchness suchnesses n
talité
(philosophy, chiefly, _, Buddhism) Existence per se.

suck /sʊk/ /sʌk/ v
sucer aspirer
(transitive) To use the mouth and lips to pull in (a liquid, especially milk from the breast). [from 9th c.]
sucer téter
(transitive) To put the mouth or lips to (a breast, a mother etc.) to draw in milk. [from 11th c.]
être chiant être nul
(chiefly, North American, , intransitive, stative, colloquial, sometimes) To be inferior or objectionable: a general term of disparagement, sometimes used with at to indicate a particular area of deficiency. [from 20th c.]

suck face v
sucer la poire sucer la pomme
(idiomatic, colloquial) To kiss, especially deeply and for a prolonged time.

suck my cock phraseologicalUnit
suce ma bite
(idiomatic, vulgar, offensive) An expression of discontent or aggravation to another party.

suck off v
faire une pipe à tailler une pipe à
(slang, vulgar, transitive) To perform oral sex (fellatio or cunnilingus) on.

suck up v
absorber
(transitive) To absorb (fluid).
cirer les pompes lécher les bottes
(slang, often followed by to) To adulate or flatter (someone) excessively, generally to obtain some personal benefit or favour.

sucker /ˈsʌk.ə/ /ˈsʌk.ɚ/ suckers n
suceur suceuse
A thing that works by sucking something.
rejet rejeton
A small piece of leather, usually round, having a string attached to the center, which, when saturated with water and pressed upon a stone or other body having a smooth surface, adheres, by reason of the atmospheric pressure, with such force as to enable a considerable weight to be thus lifted by the string; formerly used by children as a plaything.
ventouse
An animal such as the octopus and remora, which adhere to other bodies with such organs.
pigeon
(American, slang) A person who is easily deceived, tricked or persuaded to do something; a naive or gullible person. [from 1830s]

sucker /ˈsʌk.ə/ /ˈsʌk.ɚ/ v
pigeonner
(transitive, informal) To fool someone; to take advantage of someone.

sucker trap sucker traps n
attrape-nigaud piège à cons

sucking /ˈsʌkɪŋ/ suckings n
succion sucement
An act of sucking.

suckle /ˈsʌ.kəl/ v
allaiter téter
(transitive) To give suck to; to nurse at the breast, udder, or dugs.

suckling sucklings n
nourrisson
An infant that is still being breastfed (being suckled) by its mother.
A young mammal not yet weaned and still being fed milk by its mother.

suckling pig suckling pigs n
cochon de lait
An unweaned pig, especially one whose carcass is roasted whole on a spit.

sucralose sucraloses n
sucralose
A selectively chlorinated sucrose, used as an artificial sweetener.

sucrose /ˈsjuːkɹəʊz/ /ˈsukɹoʊs/ /ˈsuːkɹəʊz/ sucroses n
saccharose saccarose
(carbohydrate) A disaccharide with formula C12H22O11, consisting of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose; normal culinary sugar.

suction /ˈsʌkʃən/ suctions n
succion
The process of creating an imbalance in pressure to draw matter from one place to another.

suction /ˈsʌkʃən/ v
sucer
To create an imbalance in pressure between one space and another in order to draw matter between the spaces.

suction cup /ˈsʌkʃən kʌp/ suction cups n
ventouse
A cup made of flexible material, such as rubber, that uses suction as an adhesive.

sudanophilic adj
soudanophile

sudden /ˈsʌdən/ [ˈsʌdn̩] suddener suddenest adj
soudain subit
Happening quickly and with little or no warning.

sudden death sudden deaths n
mort subite
(countable) Instantaneous, unexpected death not caused by violence or trauma.
(sports, games) A period or mode of play in which the next player or team to score wins instantly; often in an extra period of time following a tie at the end of the regular period of play.

sudden infant death syndrome n
mort subite du nourrisson
(pathology) The sudden and unexplained death of an infant aged one month to one year, normally while sleeping.

suddenly /ˈsʌdn̩li/ more suddenly most suddenly adv
soudainement tout d'un coup soudain
Happening quickly and with little or no warning; in a sudden manner.

suddenness suddennesses n
soudaineté
The state of being sudden.

sudoer sudoers n
sudoer

sudoku /su-/ /suː-/ /sə-/ /sʊˈdoʊku/ /sʊˈdukoʊ/ /sʊˈduku/ /sʊˈduːku/ /sʊˈdɑku/ /sʊˈdɒku/ /sʊˈdəʊku/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuː-/ /ˈsʊdoʊku/ /ˈsʊdukoʊ/ /ˈsʊduku/ /ˈsʊduːku/ /ˈsʊdɑku/ /ˈsʊdɒku/ /ˈsʊdəʊku/ sudokus n
sudoku
(games, puzzles) A type of pencil puzzle played on a square grid, requiring each of the columns, each of the rows, and each of the subregions (called "boxes" or "regions") to contain the lowest whole numbers up to the dimension of the puzzle, usually 1 to 9, once each. The subregions are rectangular or square except in variants.

suds /sʌdz/ n
eau savonneuse mousse de savon
(countable, uncountable) Lather; foam or froth formed by mixing soap and water.

suede /swed/ /sweɪd/ suedes n
daim suède cuir suédé
A type of soft leather, made from calfskin, with a brushed texture to resemble fabric, often used to make boots, clothing and fashion accessories.

suet /ˈs(j)uːɪt/ suets n
suif graisse de rognon
The fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the kidneys; that of sheep and cattle is used in cooking and in making tallow.

suffer /ˈsʌfə/ /ˈsʌfɚ/ v
subir endurer supporter
souffrir
(intransitive) To undergo hardship.
(intransitive) To feel pain.
souffrir pâtir
(intransitive) To become worse.

suffer from v
souffrir
(transitive) to have a particular disease or condition

sufferer sufferers n
malade
One who suffers.

suffering /ˈsʌfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈsʌfɹɪŋ/ adj
souffrance douleur
Experiencing pain; characterized by suffering.

suffering /ˈsʌfəɹɪŋ/ /ˈsʌfɹɪŋ/ sufferings n
souffrance Passion
The condition of someone who suffers; a state of pain or distress.

suffete suffetes n
suffète
One of the chief magistrates who ruled ancient Carthage.

suffice /səˈfaɪs/ /səˈfaɪz/ v
3 suffire 2
suffire
(intransitive) To be enough or sufficient; to meet the need (of anything); to be adequate; to be good enough.

sufficiency sufficiencies n
suffisance

sufficient /səˈfɪʃənt/ more sufficient most sufficient adj
suffisant
Possessing adequate talents or accomplishments; of competent power or ability; qualified; fit.

sufficient condition sufficient conditions n
condition suffisante
(logic) A statement P in relation to statement Q such that P implies Q.

sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof /-ˈiːvəl-/ /-ˌʌntə-/ /səˈfɪʃ(ə)nt ˌʌntʊ ðə ˈdeɪ ɪz ðiː ˈiːvɪl ðɛəˌɹɒv/ /səˈfɪʃənt ˌʌntə ðə ˈdeɪ ɪz ði ˈivəl ðɛˌɹʌv/ proverb
à chaque jour suffit sa peine
There is no need to worry about the future; the present provides enough to worry about.

sufficiently /səˈfɪʃəntli/ more sufficiently most sufficiently adv
suffisamment
(manner) In a sufficient manner; enough.
(degree) To a sufficient extent.

suffix /səˈfɪks/ /ˈsʌfɪks/ suffixes n
suffixe
(grammar, linguistic morphology) A morpheme added at the end of a word to modify the word's meaning.

suffix /səˈfɪks/ /ˈsʌfɪks/ v
suffixer
(transitive) To append (something) to the end of something else.

suffixation suffixations n
suffixation
The process of adding a suffix to a word.

suffocate /ˈsʌfəkeɪt/ /ˈsʌfəkət/ v
étouffer suffoquer
(ergative) To suffer, or cause someone to suffer, from severely reduced oxygen intake to the body.
suffoquer
(ergative) To die due to, or kill someone by means of, insufficient oxygen supply to the body.

suffocation suffocations n
suffocation
(countable) A particular act of death or killing by means of asphyxia.

suffrage /ˈsʌfɹɪd͡ʒ/ suffrages n
suffrage droit de vote
(US) The right of women to vote.

suffragette /ˌsʌf.ɹəˈd͡ʒɛt/ suffragettes n
suffragette
(historical) A female supporter, often militant, of women's right to vote in the early 20th century, especially in Great Britain.

sufganiyah sufganiyot n
soufganiya
a deep-fried ball-shaped doughnut, usually filled with jelly or custard and topped with powdered sugar

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ interjection
fichtre zut
(minced oath) Shit!

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ sugars n
sucre
(uncountable) Sucrose in the form of small crystals, obtained from sugar cane or sugar beet and used to sweeten food and drink.
(countable, chemistry) Any of various small carbohydrates that are used by organisms to store energy.
ma chérie mon chou mon chéri
(countable) A term of endearment.
bise bisou bizou
(uncountable, slang) Affection shown by kisses or kissing.

sugar /ˈʃʊɡə(ɹ)/ /ˈʃʊɡɚ/ v
sucrer
(transitive) To add sugar to; to sweeten with sugar.

sugar apple sugar apples n
atte pomme cannelle
Sweetsop, Annona squamosa, a West Indian tree or its fruit.

sugar beet sugar beets n
betterave sucrière betterave à sucre
A type of beet whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose.

sugar bowl sugar bowls n
sucrier
A small receptacle for serving sugar on a table or on a tray.

sugar cane sugar canes n
canne à sucre
A tropical grass of the genus Saccharum (especially the species Saccharum officinarum, including hybrids) having stout, fibrous, jointed stalks, the sap of which is a source of sugar.

sugar cube sugar cubes n
cube de sucre
Piece of sugar in the shape of a cube (or approximate cube), often used for coffee or tea.

sugar glider sugar gliders n
phalanger volant planeur de sucre sucre volant
Petaurus breviceps, an omnivorous gliding arboreal marsupial, endemic to mainland Australia and New Guinea, and introduced to Tasmania in 1835.

sugar mama sugar mamas n
maman-gâteau
(informal) An older woman who spends money on a younger person, usually for romantic or sexual reasons.

sugar maple sugar maples n
érable à sucre
A North American hardwood, Acer saccharum, famed as the source of maple sugar and maple flavoring.

sugar paste n
pâte à sucre
A sweet edible sugar dough commonly used as icing and usually made from sucrose and glucose.

sugar pie sugar pies n
tarte au sucre
Alternative form of sugarpie (“term of endearment”)

sugar shack sugar shacks n
cabane à sucre érablière
A building where sap from a sugarbush is boiled down to make maple syrup.

sugar spoon sugar spoons n
cuillère à sucre
A spoon used for serving granulated sugar from a sugar bowl, often with a wider head than most other types of spoon.

sugar substitute sugar substitutes n
édulcorant
A food additive that replicates the sweetness of sugar but is not sugar.

sugar-loaf sugar-loaves n
pain de sucre
(historical) A block of refined sugar, usually in the form of a truncated cone, in which form it was traditionally exported from the Caribbean and Brazil from the 17th century to the 19th century.

sugarbush sugarbushes n
érablière
A grove of maple trees.

sugary /ˈʃʊɡəɹi/ sugarier sugariest adj
mielleux
Of food, drink, etc, containing or covered with a large amount of sugar.

suggest /sə(ɡ)ˈd͡ʒɛst/ /səˈd͡ʒɛst/ v
suggérer proposer
(transitive) To cause one to suppose (something); to bring to one's mind the idea (of something).
suggérer
(obsolete, transitive) To seduce; to prompt to evil; to tempt.

suggestible more suggestible most suggestible adj
influençable suggestible
Susceptible to influence by suggestion; easily swayed.

suggestion /səɡˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ /səˈd͡ʒɛstʃən/ /səˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/ [səˈd͡ʒɛʃtʃən] suggestions n
suggestion proposition
(countable) Something suggested (with subsequent adposition being for)

suggestion box suggestion boxes n
boîte à suggestions
A receptacle with an opening into which people may place slips of paper containing suggestions for improvement, or for similar feedback

suggestopedia n
suggestopédie
A teaching method, mainly for foreign languages, that uses songs and games and focuses more on experimenting with the language than on formal acquisition of its rules.

sui generis /suˑ.i ˈɡɛnɛɹɪs/ /sʊɪ d͡ʒəˈnɛɹɪs/ adj
tout seul
(rarer) By itself; of its own.

suicidal /ˌs(j)uː.ɪˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.əˈsaɪ.dəl/ /ˌsu.ɪ-/ more suicidal most suicidal adj
suicidaire
(of a person) Likely to commit, or to attempt to commit, suicide.
(of a voluntarily-chosen course of action) Highly likely to certain to result in the deaths of the participants; dangerous or reckless to such a degree as to be tantamount to suicide for those taking part.

suicidality suicidalities n
suicidalité
(uncountable) The tendency of a person to commit suicide.

suicide /ˈs(j)uːɪˌsaɪd/ /ˈsuɪˌsaɪd/ suicides n
suicide
(countable) A particular instance of a person intentionally killing themselves, or of multiple people doing so.
(figuratively) An action that could cause the literal or figurative death of a person or organization, although death is not the aim of the action.
suicidé suicidée suicidant suicidante
(countable) A person who has intentionally killed themselves.

suicide attack suicide attacks n
attentat-suicide
An attack on others that involves the assailant committing suicide.

suicide bomber /ˈsuːɪˌsaɪd ˈbɑmər/ /ˈsuːɪˌsaɪd ˈbɒmə/ suicide bombers n
kamikaze
One who carries explosives on his or her body or in a vehicle and intends to detonate them (dying in the process) to kill people and inflict widespread damage, usually motivated by a political or religious cause.

suicide note suicide notes n
lettre d'adieu
A message, usually a written note, left by someone who later attempts or commits suicide, usually explaining the reason for the suicide.

suid suids n
suidé
(zoology) Any of the family Suidae of pigs and related creatures.

suit /s(j)uːt/ /sɪu̯t/ suits n
combinaison
(by extension) A garment or set of garments suitable and/or required for a given task or activity: space suit, boiler suit, protective suit, swimsuit.
costard
(pejorative, slang, metonym) A person who wears matching jacket and trousers, especially a boss or a supervisor.
complet costume couleur tailleur enseigne ensemble
(card games) Each of the sets of a pack of cards distinguished by color and/or specific emblems, such as the spades, hearts, diamonds, or clubs of traditional Anglo, Hispanic, and French playing cards.
suite
(obsolete) Regular order; succession.

suit /s(j)uːt/ /sɪu̯t/ v
convenir
To please; to make content; to fit one's taste.
(intransitive) To agree; to be fitted; to correspond (usually followed by to, archaically also followed by with)

suit oneself v
comme tu veux comme tu voudras
To do whatever one wants to do.

suitable /ˈsjuːtəbl/ /ˈsuːtəbl/ more suitable most suitable adj
approprié convenable idoine opportun
Having sufficient or the required properties for a certain purpose or task; appropriate to a certain occasion.

suitably more suitably most suitably adv
convenablement
In a suitable manner; with propriety.

suitcase /ˈs(j)uːtkeɪs/ /ˈsutkeɪs/ suitcases n
valise
A large (usually rectangular) piece of luggage used for carrying clothes, and sometimes suits, when travelling.

suite /swiːt/ suites n
suite
A group or train of attendants, servants etc.; a retinue. [from 16th c.]
A connected series or succession of objects; a number of things used or classed together. [from 16th c.]
A group of connected rooms, usually separable from other rooms by means of access. [from 18th c.]
(music) An excerpt of instrumental music from a larger work that contains other elements besides the music; for example, the Nutcracker Suite is the music (but not the dancing) from the ballet The Nutcracker, and the Carmen Suite is the instrumental music (but not the singing and dancing) from the opera Carmen.

suitor /ˈsjuːtə/ /ˈsutɚ/ /ˈsuːtə/ suitors n
prétendant soupirant
One who pursues someone, especially a woman, for a romantic relationship or marriage; a wooer; one who falls in love with or courts someone.
plaideur
(law) A party to a suit or litigation.

sujuk sujuks n
soudjouk
A dry, spicy sausage eaten from the Balkans to the Middle East and Central Asia. Consists of ground meat (usually beef), with various spices including cumin, sumac, garlic, salt, and red pepper, fed into a sausage casing and allowed to dry for several weeks.

sukun sukuns n
soukoun
A diacritic (⁧ـْ⁩) used in the Arabic abjad to mark the absence of a vowel.

sulfacetic adj
sulfacétique

sulfate /ˈsʌlfeɪt/ sulfates n
sulfate
(organic chemistry) Any ester of sulfuric acid.
(inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfuric acid.

sulfide sulfides n
sulfure
(American spelling, chemistry) Any compound of sulfur and a metal or other electropositive element or group.

sulfite /ˈsʌlfaɪt/ sulfites n
sulfite
(American spelling, inorganic chemistry) Any salt of sulfurous acid.

sulfosalt sulfosalts n
sulfosel
(mineral) A complex sulfide mineral with certain proportions of a metal, a semi-metal, and sulfur (or, rarely, selenium).

sulfur /ˈsʌl.fə/ /ˈsʌl.fɚ/ more sulfur most sulfur adj
soufre
Of a yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

sulfur /ˈsʌl.fə/ /ˈsʌl.fɚ/ sulfurs n
soufre
(uncountable) A chemical element (symbol S) with an atomic number of 16.
(countable, uncountable) A yellowish green colour, like that of sulfur.

sulfur dioxide n
dioxyde de soufre
(American spelling, inorganic compound) A toxic gas, of molecular formula SO2 that is found in the emissions of volcanos and those of burning coal or petroleum; dissolves in water to form sulfurous acid and, in the presence of oxygen, sulfuric acid, and is thus responsible for acid rain.

sulfur monoxide n
monoxyde de soufre
(inorganic compound) An unstable binary compound, SO, of sulfur and oxygen.

sulfur trioxide n
trioxyde de soufre
(inorganic compound) A corrosive liquid, SO3, which forms sulfuric acid on contact with water; made commercially by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide.

sulfuric acid n
acide sulfurique
(American spelling, inorganic compound) A transparent, oily liquid, formula H2SO4, that is a strong acid with very many industrial applications.

sulfurize v
sulfuriser
To treat or react with sulfur or sulfur dioxide.

sulfurous /sʌlˈfjuɹəs/ /ˈsʌlfəɹəs/ more sulfurous most sulfurous adj
sulfureux
(American spelling) Containing sulfur.

sulfurous acid n
acide sulfureux
(inorganic compound) The weak acid, H2SO3, present in a solution of sulfur dioxide in water; it is a reducing agent and mild bleach.

sulk /sʌlk/ v
faire la gueule bouder
(intransitive) To express ill humor or offence by remaining sullenly silent or withdrawn.

sulky /ˈsʌlki/ sulkier sulkiest adj
boudeur boudeuse
(often, derogatory) silent and withdrawn after being upset

sullen /ˈsʌlən/ sullener sullenest adj
maussade morose
Having a brooding ill temper; sulky.
morne
Gloomy; dismal; foreboding.
lent
Sluggish; slow.

sully /ˈsʌli/ v
salir souiller
(transitive) To soil or stain; to dirty.
souiller
(transitive) To corrupt or damage.

sultan /ˈsʌltən/ salateen sultans n
sultan soudan
A hereditary ruler in various Muslim states (sultanate), varying from petty principalities (as in Yemen), often vassal of a greater ruler, to independent realms, such as Oman, Brunei, Morocco (until 1956) or an empire such as the Turkish Ottoman Empire.

sultana /ˌsʌlˈtæn.ə/ /ˌsʌlˈtɑ.nə/ /ˌsʌlˈtɑː.nə/ sultanas n
sultane
A wife or mistress of a sultan.
raisin de Smyrne
A type of viol, a cither viol.

sultanate /ˈsʌltənət/ sultanates n
sultanat
A sovereign or vassal princely state—usually Muslim—where the ruler is styled sultan.

sultry /ˈsəl-/ /ˈsʌltɹi/ sultrier sultriest adj
étouffant
(weather) Hot and humid. [from late 16th c.]
torride
(weather) Very hot and dry; torrid.
(figuratively) Sexually enthralling.

sum /sʌm/ sums n
somme
A quantity obtained by addition or aggregation.
A quantity of money.
calcul somme
(often plural) An arithmetic computation, especially one posed to a student as an exercise (not necessarily limited to addition).

sum /sʌm/ v
additionner
(transitive) To add together.

sumac /ˈs(j)uːmæk/ /ˈsu-/ /ˈsuːˌmæk/ /ˈʃuː-/ sumacs n
sumac
Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Rhus and other genera in Anacardiaceae, particularly the elm-leaved sumac, Sicilian sumac, or tanner's sumac (Rhus coriaria).
A sour spice popular in the Eastern Mediterranean, made from the berries of tanner's sumac.

summable adj
sommable
(mathematics, of a function) Having a Lebesgue integral.

summarily /səˈmæɹɪli/ /səˈmɛɹɪli/ more summarily most summarily adv
sommairement
(manner) In a summary manner.
sommairement éphémère
(duration) Over a short period of time, briefly.

summarize /ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/ v
résumer récapituler
(ambitransitive) To prepare a summary of (something).
récapituler
(ambitransitive) To give a recapitulation of the salient facts; to recapitulate or review.

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ more summary most summary adj
sommaire
Concise, brief or presented in a condensed form
Performed speedily and without formal ceremony.
(legal) Performed by skipping the procedures of a standard and fair trial.

summary /ˈsʌməɹi/ summaries n
résumé compte rendu récapitulation sommaire
An abstract or a condensed presentation of the substance of a body of material.

summer /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈsʌmɚ/ summers n
été
One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, the months of June, July and August in the United Kingdom and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.

summer /ˈsʌmə(ɹ)/ /ˈsʌmɚ/ v
estiver
(intransitive) To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.

summer camp summer camps n
camp de vacances colonie de vacances
An institution devoted to housing and entertaining children for the summer.

summer flounder summer flounders n
cardeau d'été
The marine flatfish Paralichthys dentatus, the fluke.

summer job summer jobs n
job [[d']]été

summer roll summer rolls n
rouleau de printemps rouleau printanier
(cuisine) Gỏi cuốn, a Vietnamese roll made of pork, prawn, vegetables, rice vermicelli, and other ingredients wrapped in rice paper.

summer school summer schools n
université d'été école d'été
Any of various academic sessions held in the summer at schools or universities when the usual students are away; either for supplementary or remedial study or as part of distance learning.

summer solstice summer solstices n
solstice d'été
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined toward the sun.

summer tire summer tires n
pneu été pneu d'été
(slang) all-season tires (due to the fact that they are typically factory fitted to cars for summer use, and by law, they cannot be used in some jurisdictions in winter)

summertime summertimes n
été
The period or season of summer.

summery /ˈsʌməɹi/ summerier summeriest adj
estival
Relating to the summer.

summit /ˈsʌmɪt/ summits n
sommet
The highest point of a hill, mountain, or similar geographical feature.
(by extension) An assembly or gathering of the leaders of countries to discuss issues of international significance; also (loosely) , an important or high-level gathering or meeting.

summon /ˈsʌmən/ v
convoquer convier
(transitive) To call people together; to convene.
citer à comparaître convier convoquer
(transitive) To ask someone to come; to send for.
rassembler
(transitive) To rouse oneself to exert a skill.
invoquer
(fantasy, transitive) To call a resource by magic.

summons /ˈsʌ.mənz/ summonses n
convocation
A call to do something, especially to come.
citation citation à comparaître
(legal) A notice summoning someone to appear in court, as a defendant, juror or witness.

sumo /ˈsuːməʊ/ sumo sumos n
sumo
(uncountable) A stylised Japanese form of wrestling in which a wrestler loses if he is forced from the ring, or if any part of his body except the soles of his feet touches the ground.
sumotori
(countable, colloquial) A rikishi (sumo wrestler)

sump /sʌmp/ sumps n
bassin
A hollow or pit into which liquid drains, such as a cesspool, cesspit or sink.
siphon
A completely flooded cave passage, sometimes passable by diving.
carter d'huile carter humide
(automotive) The crankcase or oil reservoir of an internal combustion engine.
puisard
(nautical) The pit at the lowest point in a circulating or drainage system (FM 55-501).
(construction) An intentional depression around a drain or scupper that promotes drainage.

sumptuary /-tju-/ /-t͡ʃəˌwɛɹi/ /ˈsʌm(p)tjʊəɹi/ /ˈsʌm(p)tjʊɹi/ /ˈsʌm(p)t͡ʃuˌɛɹi/ /ˈsʌm(p)t͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈsʌm(p)t͡ʃʊəɹi/ more sumptuary most sumptuary adj
somptuaire
Relating to expenditure or expense, especially on luxury goods.
Chiefly in sumptuary law: of a law, regulation, etc.: intended to limit or restrain the expenditure of citizens in apparel, food, furniture, etc., or to forbid the use of certain articles (especially luxurious ones), to regulate the prices of commodities and the wages of labour, or to reinforce morals or social hierarchies.

sumptuous /ˈsʌmpt͡ʃuəs/ more sumptuous most sumptuous adj
somptueux
Magnificent, luxurious, splendid.

sun /sʌn/ suns n
soleil
(astronomy) A star, especially when seen as the centre of any single solar system.
The light and warmth which is received from the sun; sunshine or sunlight.
(figurative) Something like the sun in brightness or splendor.

sun /sʌn/ pn
soleil Soleil
The star that the Earth revolves around and from which it receives light and warmth.

sun bear sun bears n
ours malais
A species of relatively small bears, Helarctos malayanus, found in Southeast Asia.

sun dog sun dogs n
parhélie
Either of two bright spots, caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals, sometimes seen on the parhelic circle.

sun gear sun gears n
planétaire intérieur soleil
The central gear wheel of an epicyclic gear train; the central gear in planetary gear box, which spins the planet gears

sun letter sun letters n
lettre solaire
(linguistics) One of fourteen Arabic letters that cause the "L" of a preceding definite article اَل to be assimilated in pronunciation. The sun letter suppresses the sound of the "L" and then geminates: al + ṣīn = aṣ-ṣīn. The effect of the sun letter is limited to pronunciation and does not affect the spelling, except that a shadda may be written over the sun letter and in the fully vocalised spelling lām lacks any diacritics: الصِّين. The fourteen sun letters are ت, ث, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ل, ن. Phonetically, they represent coronal consonants.

sun protection factor sun protection factors n
indice de protection solaire
An indication of how long a sunscreen remains effective when applied to the skin.

sun shower sun showers n
mariage du loup
(climatology) A rain shower which occurs while the sun is shining.

sun spurge sun spurges n
euphorbe réveille-matin
The flowering plant Euphorbia helioscopia.

sunbath sunbaths n
bain de soleil
A period spent tanning (sunbathing) in the sun.

sunbathe /ˈsʌnbeɪð/ v
prendre un bain de soleil bain de soleil
(intransitive) To expose one's body to the sun in order to relax or to obtain a suntan.

sunbather sunbathers n
bronzeur bronzeuse
A person who basks in the sun to get a tan.

sunbeam sunbeams n
rayon de soleil
A visible, narrow, and intense (relative to ambient light) ray of sunlight.

sunbird sunbirds n
souïmanga
A bird belonging to any of several species in the family Nectariniidae.

sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ /ˈsʌnbɝn/ sunburns n
coup de soleil actinite
A burn on the skin caused by excess exposure to the sun's rays.

sunburn /ˈsʌnbɜːn/ /ˈsʌnbɝn/ v
attraper un coup de soleil
(transitive) To burn or tan (someone's skin) by the sun; to allow (a part of one's body) to become sunburnt.

suncatcher suncatchers n
capteur de soleil suncatcher

sundae /ˈsʌn.deɪ/ /ˈsʌn.di/ sundaes n
sundae
A dessert consisting of ice cream with various toppings.

sunder /ˈsʌndɚ/ v
rompre
(transitive) To break or separate or to break apart, especially with force.

sundew sundews n
droséra
Any of a group of insectivorous plants in the genus Drosera that catch insects by sticky droplets ("dew") at the end of hairs on the leaves and grow in boggy ground all over the world.

sundial /ˈsʌnˌdaɪ.əl/ sundials n
cadran solaire
A device measuring the time of day by the position of a shadow cast by a pole or plate (gnomon) upon an engraved series of marks.

sunfish /ˈsʌnˌfɪʃ/ sunfish sunfishes n
môle molidé poisson-lune
Any of various large marine fishes of the family Molidae that have an oval compressed body.

sunflower /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ə/ /ˈsʌn.flaʊ.ɚ/ sunflowers n
tournesol
A bright yellow, like that of the flower petals.

sunflower oil sunflower oils n
huile de tournesol
A vegetable oil, pressed from sunflower seeds, and used in cooking.

sunflower seed sunflower seeds n
graine de tournesol
Seed of a sunflower, especially roasted and eaten as a snack; also used as bird food and in the manufacture of sunflower oil.

sunglasses n
lunettes de soleil
Tinted glasses worn to protect the eyes from the sun.

sungrebe /ˈsʌn.ɡɹib/ sungrebes n
grébifoulque d'Amérique
A species of aquatic bird, Heliornis fulica, in a monotypic genus of the family Heliornithidae, found in Central and South America.

sunhat sunhats n
chapeau de soleil
A light, wide-brimmed hat to protect the wearer from the sun.

sunlight /ˈsʌnˌlaɪt/ sunlights n
lumière du soleil lumière du soleil
All the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, especially that in the visible spectrum that bathes the Earth.

sunlounger sunloungers n
chaise longue
A form of extended deckchair used for sunbathing or relaxing (typically by the sea or a pool)

sunny /ˈsʌni/ sunnier sunniest adj
ensoleillé
(of weather or a day) Featuring a lot of sunshine.
(of a place) Receiving a lot of sunshine.
(figuratively) Cheerful.

sunny side up adj
œuf au plat œuf miroir œuf sur le plat
(US) Of an egg: fried sunny side up.

sunrise /ˈsʌnɹaɪz/ sunrises n
lever du soleil potron-minet
The time of day when the sun appears above the eastern horizon.

sunroof /ˈsʌnˌɹuːf/ sunroofs n
toit ouvrant
(automotive) A fixed or operable opening in a vehicle roof (car or truck) which allows fresh air and/or light to enter the passenger compartment. A sunroof may include a transparent or opaque panel and may be manually operated or power driven.

sunscreen sunscreens n
crème solaire écran solaire
A cream, to be spread on the skin, containing organic compounds that absorb, and/or titanium dioxide that reflects the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

sunset /ˈsʌnˌsɛt/ sunsets n
crépuscule coucher de soleil
The changes in color of the sky before and after sunset.
coucher de soleil crépuscule
(figuratively) The final period of the life of a person or thing.

sunset clause sunset clauses n
norme juridique temporaire
(law) A provision of a law which says the law or something under it, as an agency or benefit established by it, will come to an end on a particular date or after a particular period of time.

sunshade sunshades n
ombrelle parasol
Something to keep the sun off, or create shade from the sun; a parasol or awning.

sunshine /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/ sunshines n
soleil lumière du soleil
The direct rays, light or warmth of the sun.

sunspot /ˈsʌnspɑt/ /ˈsʌnspɒt/ sunspots n
tache solaire
(astronomy) A region on the sun's surface with a lower temperature than its surroundings and intense magnetic activity.

sunstroke sunstrokes n
insolation
(pathology) Heat stroke caused by an excessive exposure to the sun's rays.

suntan suntans n
bronzage
In humans, a brown or darkened coloration of the skin caused by exposure to ultraviolet light.

suntan v
bronzer hâler
To obtain a suntan by exposure to ultraviolet light.
To attempt to obtain a suntan.

suona /swoʊˈnɑː/ suonas n
suona
(musical instruments) A traditional Chinese double-reeded horn with a distinctively loud and high-pitched sound.

super /ˈs(j)uːpə(ɹ)/ /ˈsupɚ/ /ˈsʉː.pə(ɹ)/ [ˈsïɯ.pə(ɹ)] adj
super
better than average, better than usual; wonderful.

super combined super combineds n
super-combiné

super cup super cups n
supercoupe

super star cluster super star clusters n
super-amas d'étoiles super-amas stellaire
A young, very massive, and very dense star cluster.

super- prefix
super-

super-Earth super-Earths n
super-terre
(astronomy) Any extrasolar rocky planet several times larger than Earth, especially such a planet detected as it transits its star.

super-duper /ˈs(j)uː.pəˌduː.pə(ɹ)/ /ˈsu.pɚˌdu.pɚ/ more super-duper most super-duper adj
génial sensass super
(dated) Very excellent; truly great.

superabundant number superabundant numbers n
nombre superabondant
(number theory) A positive integer whose abundancy index is greater than that of any lesser positive integer.

superacid superacids n
superacide
(chemistry) any medium having a very high acidity; typically a solution of a strong Lewis acid in a Brønsted acid.

superannuated /ˌsupɚˈænjuˌeɪtɪd/ more superannuated most superannuated adj
dépassé obsolète
Obsolete, antiquated.
licencié pensionné
Retired or discarded due to age.

superatom superatoms n
superatome
(physics, chemistry) A metamaterial, a cluster of atoms which acts like a single atom. It seems to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms.

superb /sjuːˈpɜːb/ /suˈpɝb/ /suːˈpɜːb/ /səˈpɝb/ superber superbest adj
superbe
First-rate; of the highest quality; exceptionally good.

superbly more superbly most superbly adv
excellemment
excellently, done to the best possibly degree, admirably.

superbug superbugs n
superbactérie
(informal) A strain of bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., MDR, XDR).

supercapacitor supercapacitors n
supercondensateur
Any of several types of capacitor that have an unusually high capacitance

supercargo /ˈsjuːpə-/ /ˈsupɚˌkɑɡoʊ/ /ˈsuːpəˌkɑːɡəʊ/ supercargoes supercargos n
subrécargue
An officer on board a merchant ship who has charge of the cargo and its turnover (or the senior of two if one has two, the other being the subcargo; usually historical, since nowadays a person with such a job would remain on shore).

supercell supercells n
supercellule
(meteorology) A severe thunderstorm with updrafts and downdrafts that are in near balance, allowing the storm to maintain itself for several hours. Supercells often produce large hail, powerful downpours, very strong winds and sometimes tornadoes.

supercentenarian supercentenarians n
supercentenaire
A person more than 110 years old.

supercilious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈsɪ.li.əs/ /ˌsjuː.pə(ɹ)ˈsɪ.li.əs/ more supercilious most supercilious adj
hautain
Arrogantly superior; showing contemptuous indifference; haughty.

superclass superclasses n
classe mère
(computing, object-oriented programming) A high-level class that passes attributes and methods down the hierarchy to subclasses.

supercomputer supercomputers n
superordinateur supercalculateur
(computing) Any computer that has a far greater processing power than others of its generation.

superconducting adj
supraconducteur
Exhibiting superconductivity.

superconductive more superconductive most superconductive adj
supraconducteur
Exhibiting or relating to superconductivity.

superconductivity superconductivities n
supraconductivité
(physics) The property of a material whereby it has no resistance to the flow of an electric current.

superconductor superconductors n
supraconducteur
A substance that has no resistance to conducting an electric current

supercontinent supercontinents n
supercontinent
(geology) A very large continent that split into smaller ones in the Earth’s geologic past.
A modern landmass composed of multiple continents, i.e. Afro-Eurasia or the Americas.

supercritical fluid supercritical fluids n
fluide supercritique
(physics) A substance at a temperature and pressure above its own thermodynamic critical point that can diffuse through solids like a gas and dissolve materials like a liquid.

superdeterminism n
superdéterminisme
(physics, quantum mechanics) A form of determinism that precludes the assumption, made by Bell's theorem, that an experimenter can make measurements that are independent of each other and of any hidden variables.

superego /supɛɹiɡoʊ/ superegos n
surmoi
(psychoanalysis) The part of the mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, reflecting social standards that have been learnt.

superessive case superessive cases n
superessif
(grammar) Noun case used to indicate location on an object. In English, it roughly corresponds to the prepositions "on" or "on top of", as in "on top of the house". Hungarian is a language that uses the superessive case.

superexcellent /ˌsuːpəˈɹɛksələnt/ /ˌsuːpəˈɹɛksɪlnt/ more superexcellent most superexcellent adj
excellentissime
Uncommonly excellent; of supreme excellence.

superfamily superfamilies n
superfamille
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category above family and below order (and its subdivisions).
(molecular biology) A large group of related proteins or other molecules.

superfetation /suːpəfəˈteɪʃən/ superfetations n
superfétation
The formation of a fetus while another fetus is already present in the uterus.

superficial /ˌsu.pɚˈfɪʃ.əl/ /ˌsuː.pəˈfɪʃ.əl/ more superficial most superficial adj
superficiel
(anatomy, relational, often with to) Closer to the surface of the body; especially, situated or occurring on the skin or immediately beneath it.
​Lacking depth of character or understanding; lacking substance or significance.

superficially more superficially most superficially adv
superficiellement
In a superficial manner; shallowly

superfluid adj
superfluide
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting superfluidity.

superfluid superfluids n
superfluide
(physics) A substance, such as liquid helium, that exhibits superfluidity.

superfluidity superfluidities n
superfluidité
(physics) The frictionless flow that is characteristic of a fluid with zero viscosity, especially liquid helium at temperatures near absolute zero.

superfluity /ˌsuː.pəˈfluː.ɪ.ti/ superfluities n
superfluité
The quality or state of being superfluous; overflowingness.
superflu
Something superfluous, as a luxury.

superfluous /sjʊˈpɜːflu.əs/ /suˈpɝflu.əs/ /suːˈpɜːflu.əs/ more superfluous most superfluous adj
superflu
In excess of what is required or sufficient.

superfood superfoods n
superaliment super-aliment
Any food supposed to confer remarkable health benefits.

supergiant supergiants n
supergéante
(astronomy) A very large star having a mass between 10 and 70 solar masses.

superglue superglues n
superglue
A very strong and instant glue, generally cyanoacrylate.

supergravity supergravities n
supergravité
(quantum mechanics, relativity) A field theory combining supersymmetry and general relativity.

superhero /s(j)upɚhɪɹoʊ/ superheroes n
super-héros superhéros
Any fictional crime-fighting character, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature; a fictional hero who does great things.

superheroine superheroines n
super-héroïne superhéroïne
A heroine with supernatural powers; a female superhero

superimpose /ˈsuː.pəɹ.ɪm.ˌpəʊ̯z/ /ˈsuː.pɚ.ɪm.ˌpoʊ̯z/ v
superposer
To place an object over another object, usually in such a way that both will be visible.

superintend /ˌsuːpəɹɪnˈtɛnd/ v
diriger surveiller
To oversee the work of others; to supervise.

superintendent /ˌsjuːpəɹɪnˈtɛndənt/ /ˌsuːpəɹɪnˈtɛndənt/ superintendents n
surintendant directeur
A person who is authorized to supervise, direct or administer something.
superintendant
(Commonwealth) A police rank used in Commonwealth countries, ranking above chief inspector, and below chief superintendent.
propriétaire
The manager of a building, usually a communal residence, who is responsible for keeping the facilities functional and often collecting rent or similar payments, either as also the building's landlord or on behalf of same. Often abbreviated "super".

superior /suːˈpɪə.ɹi.ə/ /sə-/ /sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/ /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ adj
supérieur
Higher in rank, status, or quality.
Located above or out; higher in position.

superior /suːˈpɪə.ɹi.ə/ /sə-/ /sʉːˈpɪə.ɹiː.ə/ /sʊˈpɪɹ.i.ɚ/ superiors n
supérieur
A person of higher rank or quality, especially a colleague in a higher position.

superior court superior courts n
cour supérieure

superiority /sʊuˌpɪə(ɹ).iˈɒ.ɹɪ.ti/ superiorities n
supériorité
The state of being superior.

superlative /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/ /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ adj
suprême
Exceptionally good; of the highest quality; superb.
superlatif
(grammar) Of or relating to a superlative.

superlative /sjuːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ /suˈpɝː.lə.tɪv/ /suːˈpɜː.lə.tɪv/ superlatives n
summum superlatif
The extreme (e.g. highest, lowest, deepest, farthest, etc) extent or degree of something.
superlatif
(grammar) The form of an adjective that expresses which of several items has the highest degree of the quality expressed by the adjective; in English, formed by appending "-est" to the end of the adjective (for some short adjectives only) or putting "most" before it.

superlative degree n
superlatif
(grammar) adverbial or adjectival forms modified by most or ending in -est, used when comparing three or more things

supermajority /ˌs(j)upɜɹməˈd͡ʒɔɹɪti/ supermajorities n
majorité qualifiée
(chiefly, North American) A majority of the items being counted that reaches some preset threshold significantly greater than 50 percent, such as two thirds.

superman /ˈs(j)uːpəmæn/ /ˈsupɚmæn/ supermen n
surhomme
(chiefly, philosophy) An imagined superior type of human being representing a new stage of human development; an übermensch, an overman. [from 1903.]
superman
A man of extraordinary or seemingly superhuman powers.

supermarket /ˌsupɚˈmɑɹkət/ /ˌsuːpəˈmɑːkɪt/ supermarkets n
supermarché
A chain of such stores.

supermassive black hole supermassive black holes n
trou noir supermassif
(astronomy) Any black hole with a mass from 105 to 1010 times that of the Sun.

supermethod supermethods n
superméthode
(object-oriented programming) A method in a superclass that is overridden in a subclass.

supermodel supermodels n
top model top-modèle
A highly paid, famous fashion model.

supernal /sjuːˈpɜː.nəl/ /suˈpɝ.nəl/ /suːˈpɜː.nəl/ /səˈpɝ.nəl/ /sʊˈpɜː.nəl/ /sʊˈpɝ.nəl/ more supernal most supernal adj
céleste
Pertaining to heaven or to the sky; celestial.
exquis ineffable paradisiaque ravissant sublime
Exalted, exquisite, superlative.

supernatant adj
surnageant
(chiefly, of a liquid) Lying or floating above a denser fluid, or above a solid sediment or precipitate (which has been separated by crystallisation, centrifugation etc.).

supernatural /ˌs(j)upɚˈnæt͡ʃɚəl/ /ˌs(j)upɚˈnæt͡ʃɹəl/ /ˌs(j)uːpəˈnat͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ /ˌs(j)ʉːpɘˈnɛt͡ʃɹɯ(l)/ more supernatural most supernatural adj
surnaturel surnaturelle
Above nature; beyond or added to nature, often so considered because it is given by a deity or some force beyond that which humans are born with.
surnaturel
Not of the usual; not natural; altered by forces that are not understood fully if at all.

supernova /ˌsuː.pə(ɹ)ˈnəʊ.və/ supernovae supernovas supernovæ n
supernova
(star) A powerful and bright explosion of a massive star, which afterwards becomes a neutron star or a black hole, or is destroyed.

supernumerary /ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi/ /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi/ adj
en surnombre surnuméraire
Beyond the prescribed or standard amount or number; excess, extra.
en surnombre en trop
Beyond what is necessary; redundant.

supernumerary /ˌsupɚˈn(j)uməˌɹɛɹi/ /ˌsuːpəˈnjuːm(ə)ɹ(ə)ɹi/ supernumeraries n
suppléant surnuméraire
A person who works in a group, association, or public office without forming part of the regular staff (the numerary). [from early 17th c.]

superorder superorders n
superordre
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category below subclass and above order.

superordinate more superordinate most superordinate adj
superordonné
Greater in degree, rank or position.

superorganism superorganisms n
superorganisme
(biology) A social colony of individuals who, through division of labour, effective communication and self-organization, form a highly connected community that functions as if it were a single organism.

superpackage superpackages n
superpackage
(object-oriented programming) A package situated hierarchically above another package.

superpartner superpartners n
superpartenaire
(physics) Any particle related to a more standard particle by supersymmetry.

superphylum superphyla n
superembranchement
(taxonomy) A taxonomic category above phylum and below subkingdom

superposition principle pn
principe de superposition
(mathematics, physics) The principle stating that for a linear system, the net response is the sum of the response associated with each individual input.

superpower superpowers n
superpuissance
(countable) A sovereign state with dominant status on the globe and a very advanced military, especially the United States or formerly the Soviet Union.
superpouvoir
(countable, fiction) An extraordinary physical or mental ability, especially possessed by a superhero or supervillain.

superscript superscripts n
exposant lettre supérieure
(typography) A type of lettering form that appears as a number, figure, or symbol above the normal line of type, located at the right or left of another symbol or text.

supersede /ˌsupɚˈsiːd/ /ˌsuːpəˈsiːd/ v
supplanter
(transitive) To take the place of.

superset supersets n
sur-ensemble
(set theory) (symbol: ⊇) With respect to another set, a set such that each of the elements of the other set is also an element of the set.

supersoft supersofts n
supertendre
(motorsports) Ellipsis of supersoft tyre.

supersolid supersolids n
supersolide
(physics) A superfluid material that has a spatially ordered structure similar to a crystal.

supersolidity supersolidities n
supersolidité
(uncountable) The condition of being supersolid.

supersonic adj
supersonique
(of a speed) Greater than the speed of sound (in the same medium, and at the same temperature and pressure).

superspreader /ˈs(j)uːpəˌspɹɛdə/ /ˈsupɚˌspɹɛdɚ/ superspreaders n
super-propagateur super-propagatrice superinfecteur superinfectrice
A person infected with a pathogen who is responsible for spreading it to many other people.

superstar /ˈsuːpə(ɹ)ˌstɑː(ɹ)/ superstars n
superstar
Someone who has accumulated a vast amount of fame; a high-level celebrity.

superstate superstates n
super-État
A state formed by the union of multiple lesser states.

superstition /ˌs(j)u.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃən/ /ˌs(j)uː.pə(ɹ)ˈstɪ.ʃən/ superstitions n
superstition
A belief or beliefs, not based on human reason or scientific knowledge, that events may be influenced by one's behaviour in some magical or mystical way.

superstitious /ˌs(j)u.pɚˈstɪ.ʃəs/ /ˌs(j)uː.pəˈstɪ.ʃəs/ more superstitious most superstitious adj
superstitieux
Susceptible to superstitions.

superstratum superstrata n
superstrat
(linguistics) A language imposed upon a population that previously spoke another language

superstring superstrings n
supercorde
(physics) a hypothetical object consisting of a very small one-dimensional string that vibrates in ten (or more) dimensions

superstructure superstructures n
superstructure
(Marxism) The social sphere of ideology which includes religion, art, politics, law and all traditional values.

supersymmetry supersymmetries n
supersymétrie
(physics) A theory that attempts to unify the fundamental physical forces and which proposes a physical symmetry between bosons and fermions.

supertanker supertankers n
superpétrolier supertanker
An extremely large tanker ship.

supertonic supertonics n
sus-tonique
(music) The second note in a diatonic scale.

superuser superusers n
administrateur root super-utilisateur
(computing) A user with complete access to the operating system and its configuration.

supervillain supervillains n
super-vilain
A fantasy-fiction criminal or evil-doer, often with supernatural powers or equipment, in popular children's and fantasy literature who can present a credible challenge for a superhero.

supervise /ˈsuː.pə.vaɪz/ /ˈsuː.pɚ.vaɪz/ /ˈsʉː.pə.vɑɪz/ v
encadrer superviser
(transitive) To oversee or direct a task or organization.

supervised more supervised most supervised adj
supervisé surveillé
Done under supervision; watched.

supervision /ˌs(j)uːpəˈvɪʒən/ /ˌsupɚˈvɪʒən/ supervisions n
supervision surveillance
(uncountable) The act or instance of supervising.

supervisor /ˈsuːpɚˌvaɪzɚ/ supervisors n
superviseur
(management) A person with the official task of overseeing the work of a person or group, or of other operations and activities.

supervisory board supervisory boards n
conseil de surveillance
A group of people chosen by the shareholders of a company to promote their interests through the governance of the company and to hire and supervise the executive directors and CEO.

superwoman superwomen n
superfemme superwoman surfemme
A woman with superhuman powers.

supine /ˈs(j)uːpaɪn/ /ˈsuˌpaɪn/ /ˌsuˈpaɪn/ more supine most supine adj
supinal
Lying on its back.

supine /ˈs(j)uːpaɪn/ /ˈsuˌpaɪn/ /ˌsuˈpaɪn/ supines n
supin
(grammar, also, attributively) (obsolete terminology) The 'to'-prefixed infinitive in English or other Germanic languages, so named because the infinitive was regarded as a verbal noun and the 'to'-prefixed form of it was seen as the dative form of the verbal noun; the full infinitive.

supper /ˈsʌpə/ /ˈsʌpɚ/ suppers n
souper dîner
Food consumed before going to bed.
Any meal eaten in the evening; dinner eaten in the evening, rather than at noon.

supper /ˈsʌpə/ /ˈsʌpɚ/ v
souper
To eat dinner.

supplant /səˈplænt/ /səˈplɑːnt/ v
supplanter
(transitive) To take the place of; to replace, to supersede.
déposer détrôner dézinguer renverser éradiquer
(transitive, obsolete) To uproot, to remove violently.

supple /ˈsʌpəl/ suppler supplest adj
souple
Pliant, flexible, easy to bend.
Lithe and agile when moving and bending.
(figuratively) Compliant; yielding to the will of others.

supplement /ˈsap.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lə.mənt/ /ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ supplements n
supplément
Something added, especially to make up for a deficiency.
An extension to a document or publication that adds information, corrects errors or brings up to date.
(journalism) An additional section of a newspaper devoted to a specific subject.
(geometry) An angle that, when added to a given angle, makes 180°; a supplementary angle.
(nutrition, bodybuilding) A vitamin, herbal extract or chemical compound ingested to meet dietary deficiencies or enhance muscular development.

supplementary more supplementary most supplementary adj
supplémentaire
Additional; added to supply what is wanted.

supplementary angles n
angle supplémentaire
(geometry) A pair of angles that sum to 180 degrees.

suppleness supplenesses n
souplesse
The quality of being supple; litheness.

suppletion /səˈpliːʃən/ suppletions n
supplétion supplétisme
(linguistics, grammar) The use of an unrelated word or phrase to supply inflected forms otherwise lacking, e.g. using “to be able” as the infinitive of “can”, or “better” as the comparative of “good”, or “went” as the simple past of “go”.

suppletive /sə.ˈpliː.tɪv/ /sʌ.ˈpliː.tɪv/ more suppletive most suppletive adj
supplétif
(grammar) Supplying an etymologically unrelated word with forms, or which is used as one of its forms, by suppletion (for example, in English, better and best are suppletive forms of good).

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ more suppliant most suppliant adj
suppliant
Entreating with humility.

suppliant /ˈsʌpliənt/ suppliants n
suppliant
One who pleads or requests earnestly.

supplicate /ˈsʌpləˌkeɪt/ /ˈsʌplɪkeɪt/ v
supplier

supplication /sʌplɪˈkeɪʃən/ supplications n
supplication
An act of supplicating; a humble request.

supplier /səˈplaɪə/ suppliers n
fournisseur fournisseuse
One who supplies; a provider.

supply /səˈplaɪ/ supplies n
fourniture approvisionnement
(uncountable) The act of supplying.
vivres
(in the plural) Provisions.

supply /səˈplaɪ/ v
fournir approvisionner
(transitive) To provide (something), to make (something) available for use.

supply and demand n
l'offre et la demande offre et demande
(economics) A capitalistic model of price determination in a market, according to which, holding all else equal in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will eventually settle at a point where the quantity demanded will equal the quantity supplied (at the current price).

supply chain supply chains n
chaîne d'approvisionnement chaîne de production chaîne logistique
A system of organizations, people, technology, activities, information and resources involved in moving a product or service from supplier to customer.

supply vessel supply vessels n
ravitailleur
A ship used to transport supplies to offshore installations such as oil and gas platforms.

supply-side economics n
économie de l'offre
(economics) A branch of economics that focuses on the supply side of the economy and on tax reductions.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] supports n
soutien appui
(sometimes, attributive) Something which supports.
Financial or other help.

support /səˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /səˈpoət/ /səˈpɔɹt/ /səˈpɔːt/ [səˈpʰoɹt] [səˈpʰɔɹt] [səˈpʰɔːt] v
soutenir supporter
(transitive) To help keep from falling.
soutenir
(transitive) To back or favor a cause, party, etc., mentally or with concrete aid.
(transitive) To help, particularly financially; to subsidize.

support group support groups n
groupe de parole
A group of people who informally support each other over a problem which all members share.

supporter /-ɾɚ/ /səˈpɔɹ.tɚ/ /səˈpɔː.tə/ supporters n
partisan supporteur supporter partisane supporteuse supportrice
A person who supports, promotes, advocates or champions a cause, movement, or political party; an adherent.
support
(heraldry) An animal or figure that supports a shield in a coat of arms.

supportive /səˈpo(ː)ɹtɪv/ /səˈpoətɪv/ /səˈpɔɹtɪv/ /səˈpɔːtɪv/ more supportive most supportive adj
[[d']]un grand soutien
Providing support.

suppose /səˈpoʊz/ /səˈpəʊz/ /ˈspoʊz/ /ˈspəʊz/ [səˈpʰoʊz] [səˈpʰəʊz] [ˈspoʊz] [ˈspəʊz] v
supposer imaginer
(transitive) To take for granted; to conclude, with less than absolute supporting data; to believe.
supposer
(transitive) To theorize or hypothesize.

supposed /spoʊst/ /spəʊst/ /səˈpoʊst/ /səˈpoʊzd/ /səˈpoʊzɪd/ /səˈpəʊst/ /səˈpəʊzd/ /səˈpəʊzɪd/ adj
supposé
(with infinitive) Generally considered or expected.

supposedly adv
supposément
As a matter of supposition; in the beliefs or according to the claims of some people.

supposition /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃən/ suppositions n
supposition hypothèse conjecture
Something that is supposed; an assumption made to account for known facts, conjecture.

suppository /səˈpɑzɪˌtɔɹi/ /səˈpɒzɪtəɹi/ suppositories n
suppositoire
(medicine) A medicine in the form of a small plug that is inserted into a bodily cavity, especially the rectum, vagina or urethra, where it melts at body temperature.

suppress /səˈpɹɛs/ v
supprimer réprimer contenir réduire
(obsolete) To hold in place, to keep low.

suppurate /ˈsʌpjəreɪt/ v
suppurer
(intransitive) To form or discharge pus.

suppuration suppurations n
suppuration
(medicine) Decay in tissue producing pus, or the pus itself.
(medicine) The act of suppurating.

suppurative more suppurative most suppurative adj
suppuratif suppurative
(medicine, of a disease or medical condition) causing suppuration: producing, or causing the production of, pus.

suprafix suprafixes n
suprafixe
(linguistic morphology) A type of affix where a suprasegmental change (such as tone or stress) modifies an existing morpheme's meaning.

supraliminal more supraliminal most supraliminal adj
supraliminal
(psychology) Being above the threshold of consciousness or of sensation.

supramolecule supramolecules n
supramolécule
(chemistry) Any organized system of two or more molecules held together by intermolecular forces.

supranational adj
supranational
Beyond the borders or scope of any one nation.

suprarenal adj
surrénal
located on, or above the kidney

suprasternal notch suprasternal notches n
fourchette sternale
(anatomy) The conspicuous dip visible at the top of the human chest where the neck joins the sternum.

supremacism supremacisms n
suprémacisme

supremacist supremacists n
suprémaciste
An advocate of supremacism, a supporter of the belief that some groups should control others.

supremacy /suˈpɹɛməsi/ supremacies n
suprématie
The quality of being supreme.

supreme /səˈpɹim/ /ˌs(j)uːˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)əˈpɹiːm/ /ˌs(j)ʊˈpɹiːm/ /ˌsuˈpɹim/ more supreme most supreme supremer supremest adj
suprême
Dominant, having power over all others.

supreme being supreme beings n
Être suprême
A god, or a similar deity, characterized by power over all things.

supreme court supreme courts n
cour suprême
A court of law which represents the highest legal authority within a jurisdiction.

supremely more supremely most supremely adv
suprêmement
To the greatest, highest, or utmost degree.

supremum suprema supremums n
supremum
(set theory) (real analysis) : Given a subset X of R, the smallest real number that is ≥ every element of X; (order theory) : given a subset X of a partially ordered set P (with partial order ≤), the least element y of P such that every element of X is ≤ y.

sura suras suwar n
sourate
Any of the 114 chapters of the Quran.

surcharge /ˈsɜː(ɹ)t͡ʃɑː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/ surcharges n
surcharge
An addition of extra charge on the agreed or stated price.

surcingle /ˈsɜɹˌsɪŋ.ɡəl/ /ˈsɜːsɪŋɡ(ə)l/ surcingles n
surfaix

sure /sjuːɹ/ /sjʊəɹ/ /sɪʊ̯ɹ/ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃoː/ /ʃuɚ/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ /ʃɜː/ /ʃɝ/ /ʃʊə/ /ʃʊɹ/ surer surest adj
certain sûr sûre
Physically secure and certain, non-failing, reliable.
sûr certain
Certain in one's knowledge or belief.

sure /sjuːɹ/ /sjʊəɹ/ /sɪʊ̯ɹ/ /ʃoʊ/ /ʃoː/ /ʃuɚ/ /ʃɔɹ/ /ʃɔː/ /ʃɜː/ /ʃɝ/ /ʃʊə/ /ʃʊɹ/ interjection
d'accord
Yes, expressing noncommittal agreement or consent.
bien sûr
Yes; of course.

sure enough adv
comme il se doit
(idiomatic, evaluative) Just as one would expect.

sure thing interjection
pas de quoi
(informal) A polite reply to thank you.

surely /ˈʃɔɹli/ /ˈʃɔːli/ /ˈʃɝli/ /ˈʃʊəli/ /ˈʃʊɹli/ more surely most surely surelier sureliest adv
sûrement
Without fail.
sûrement assurément
Certainly, undoubtedly.
assurément sûrement
With confidence.

surety /ˈʃɔːɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊəɹəti/ /ˈʃʊəɹɪti/ /ˈʃʊɹəti/ sureties n
cautionnement
(legal) A promise to pay a sum of money in the event that another person fails to fulfill an obligation.
caution
(legal) One who undertakes to pay money or perform other acts in the event that his principal fails therein.

suretyship /ˈʃɔːɹətiːʃɪp/ /ˈʃʊəɹɪtiːʃɪp/ suretyships n
cautionnement
(legal) An accessory agreement through which one binds oneself for another already bound, either in whole or in part, as for one's debt, default or miscarriage; the assumption of liability for the obligations of another.

surf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ surfs n
brisants
Waves that break on an ocean shoreline.

surf /sɜːf/ /sɝf/ v
surfer
To ride a wave on a surfboard; to pursue or take part in the sport of surfing.
(ambitransitive) To browse the Internet, television, etc.

surf and turf n
mer & terre mer et terre terre & mer terre et mer

surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ /ˈsɝːfəs/ surfaces n
surface superficie
The overside or up-side of a flat object such as a table, or of a liquid.
(mathematics, geometry) The locus of an equation (especially one with exactly two degrees of freedom) in a more-than-two-dimensional space.

surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ /ˈsɝːfəs/ v
faire surface
(intransitive) To rise to the surface.
(intransitive, of information or facts) To become known or apparent; to appear or be found.

surface plasmon surface plasmons n
plasmon de surface
(physics) A quantized electromagnetic wave trapped at a metallic surface through interaction with the free electrons of the metal.

surface tension surface tensions n
tension superficielle
(physics) the effect on the surface of a liquid that makes it behave as a stretched elastic membrane; it is caused by unbalanced intermolecular forces

surface water surface waters n
eau de surface eau superficielle
(geography) Water collecting on the ground or in a stream, river, lake, sea or ocean, as opposed to groundwater.

surface-to-air adj
sol-air
(of a missile) fired from the ground, or from a ship, at an aircraft in flight, or at an incoming missile

surface-to-air missile surface-to-air missiles n
missile sol-air
(military) A ground-based anti-aircraft missile.

surfactant /səɹˈfæktənt/ surfactants n
tensioactif mouillant surfactant surfactif
(chemistry) A surface-active agent, or wetting agent, capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid; typically organic compounds having a hydrophilic “head” and a hydrophobic “tail”.

surfboard /ˈsɜːfˌbɔːd/ /ˈsɝfˌbɔɹd/ surfboards n
planche de surf
A shaped waterproof plank, usually made of wood or foam and reinforced plastic, used to surf on waves.

surfer /ˈsɜː(ɹ)fə(ɹ)/ surfers n
surfeur surfeuse
A person who rides a surfboard.
internaute
A person who surfs the Internet.

surfing /ˈsɝfɪŋ/ surfings n
surf
The pastime or sport of riding surf on a surfboard.

surge /sɜːd͡ʒ/ /sɝd͡ʒ/ surges n
vague afflux montée poussée
A sudden transient rush, flood or increase.
houle pompage
(aviation) A momentary reversal of the airflow through the compressor section of a jet engine due to disruption of the airflow entering the engine's air intake, accompanied by loud banging noises, emission of flame, and temporary loss of thrust.
houle
(nautical) The swell or heave of the sea (FM 55-501).

surge /sɜːd͡ʒ/ /sɝd͡ʒ/ v
déferler
(intransitive) To rush, flood, or increase suddenly.

surge protector surge protectors n
parafoudre parasurtenseur
An appliance designed to protect electrical devices from voltage spikes by limiting the voltage supplied to an electric device by either blocking or by shorting to ground any unwanted voltages above a safe threshold.

surge tank surge tanks n
vase d'expansion

surgeon /ˈsɜːd͡ʒən/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒən/ surgeoness surgeons n
chirurgien chirurgienne
One who performs surgery; a doctor who performs operations on people or animals.

surgeonfish surgeonfish surgeonfishes n
poisson-chirurgien
Any of many species of reef-dwelling fishes, most of them brightly coloured, of the family Acanthuridae. They bear erectile, scalpel-like, dangerously sharp spines on either side of the caudal peduncle.

surgery /ˈsɜːd͡ʒəɹi/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒəɹi/ surgeries n
chirurgie opération
(medicine, usually, _, uncountable) A procedure involving major incisions to remove, repair, or replace a part of a body.
chirurgie
(medicine) The medical specialty related to the performance of surgical procedures.
salle opératoire cabinet
A room or department where surgery is performed.
cabinet
(British) A doctor's office.

surgical /ˈsɜːd͡ʒɪkəl/ /ˈsɝd͡ʒɪkəl/ more surgical most surgical adj
chirurgical
Of, relating to, used in, or resulting from surgery.
(figuratively) Precise or very accurate.

surgical mask surgical masks n
masque chirurgical masque d'hygiène masque de procédure masque à trois plis
(medicine, infectious disease) A mask worn to catch bacteria shed in liquid droplets and aerosols from the wearer's mouth and nose.
masque chirurgical
A medical-grade mask worn during surgery.

surgical spirit n
alcool modifié
(UK, medical) Ethanol with small quantities of additives (typically 2% castor oil and 0.5% methyl salicylate), used primarily as a topical antiseptic.

surgically adv
chirurgicalement
Relating to surgery; by means of surgery.

surjection /sɜː(ɹ)ˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/ surjections n
surjection
(set theory) A function for which every element of the codomain is mapped to by some element of the domain; (formally) Any function f: X\rightarrow Y for which for every y \in Y, there is at least one x \in X such that f(x) = y.

surjective /səˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ /sɚˈd͡ʒɛktɪv/ adj
surjectif
(mathematics) of, relating to, or being a surjection

surjectivity n
surjectivité
The property of being surjective.

surly /ˈsɜːli/ /ˈsɝli/ surlier surliest adj
grincheux grognon impoli
Irritated, bad-tempered, unfriendly.
menaçant morne rude
Threatening, menacing, gloomy.
arrogant autoritaire
(obsolete) Lordly, arrogant, supercilious.

surmise /sɚˈmaɪz/ /sɜːˈmaɪz/ v
présumer supposer suspecter
To imagine or suspect; to conjecture; to posit with contestable premises.

surmount /səˈmaʊnt/ /sɚˈmaʊnt/ v
surmonter
(transitive) To get or be over without touching or resting on; to overcome.

surname /ˈsɜːˌneɪm/ /ˈsɝˌneɪm/ surnames n
nom de famille nom patronyme
The name a person shares with other members of that person's family, distinguished from that person's given name(s); a family name.

surpass /səˈpɑːs/ /sɚˈpæs/ v
surpasser dépasser excéder
(transitive) To go beyond or exceed (something) in an adjudicative or literal sense.

surplice /ˈsɜːplɪs/ /ˈsɝplɪs/ surplices n
surplis
A liturgical vestment of the Christian Church in the form of a tunic of white linen or cotton material, with wide or moderately wide sleeves, reaching to the hips or knees, usually featuring lace decoration and embroidered bordures.

surplus /ˈsɜːpləs/ /ˈsɝpləs/ /ˈsɝˌplʌs/ adj
excédentaire
Being or constituting a surplus; more than sufficient.

surplus /ˈsɜːpləs/ /ˈsɝpləs/ /ˈsɝˌplʌs/ surpluses surplusses n
surplus
That which remains when use or need is satisfied, or when a limit is reached; excess; overplus.
excédentaire
Specifically, an amount in the public treasury at any time greater than is required for the ordinary purposes of the government.

surplus value surplus values n
plus-value

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ surprises n
surprise
Something unexpected.
The feeling that something unexpected has happened.

surprise /səˈpɹaɪz/ /sɚˈpɹaɪz/ v
surprendre étonner
(transitive) To cause (someone) to feel unusually alarmed or delighted by something unexpected.
surprendre
(transitive) To do something to (a person) that they are not expecting, as a surprise.

surprise party surprise parties n
surprise-partie
A preplanned party in which participants secretively gather in a certain location, wait for the arrival of the person they wish to honour and, traditionally, greet the arrival of the honoured person by shouting, "Surprise!".

surprise surprise interjection
comme par hasard

surprised /səˈpɹaɪzd/ /sɚˈpɹaɪzd/ more surprised most surprised adj
surpris étonné
Caused to feel surprise, amazement or wonder, or showing an emotion due to an unexpected event.

surprising /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋ/ /sɚˈpɹaɪzɪŋ/ more surprising most surprising adj
surprenant étonnant surprenante étonnante
Causing surprise.

surprisingly /səˈpɹaɪzɪŋli/ more surprisingly most surprisingly adv
étonnamment surprenamment épatamment
In a way that causes surprise because it is unexpected, or unusual.

surreal /səˈɹiː(.ə)l/ more surreal most surreal adj
surréel surréaliste
Resembling a dream: fantastic and incongruous

surreal number surreal numbers n
nombre surréel
(mathematics) Any element of a field equivalent to the real numbers augmented with infinite and infinitesimal numbers (respectively larger and smaller (in absolute value) than any positive real number).

surrealism /səˈɹiː(.ə)l.ɪz.əm/ surrealisms n
surréalisme
An artistic movement and an aesthetic philosophy that aims for the liberation of the mind by emphasizing the critical and imaginative powers of the subconscious.

surrealist more surrealist most surrealist adj
surréaliste
of, or relating to surrealism

surrealist surrealists n
surréaliste
a surrealist artist

surrender /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ /səˈɹɛndɚ/ surrenders n
capitulation reddition
An act of surrendering, submission into the possession of another; abandonment, resignation.

surrender /səˈɹɛndə(ɹ)/ /səˈɹɛndɚ/ v
capituler rendre
(intransitive, or, reflexive) To give oneself up into the power of another, especially as a prisoner; to submit or give in.

surreptitious /səˌɹɛpˈtɪʃəs/ /ˌsɛɹəpˈtɪʃəs/ /ˌsʌɹəpˈtɪʃəs/ /ˌsʌɹɪpˈtɪʃəs/ more surreptitious most surreptitious adj
subreptice furtif
Stealthy, furtive, well hidden, covert (especially movements).

surreptitiously /sʌɹəpˈtɪʃəsli/ more surreptitiously most surreptitiously adv
furtivement subrepticement
In a surreptitious manner; stealthily, furtively, secretly.

surrogacy /ˈsɝəɡəsi/ /ˈsʌɹəɡəsi/ surrogacies n
GPA gestation pour autrui subrogation
The practice of being a surrogate mother.

surrogate /ˈsɝəɡeɪt/ /ˈsɝəɡɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡeɪt/ /ˈsʌɹəɡɪt/ surrogates n
succédané
remplaçant remplaçante substitut substitute suppléant suppléante
A substitute (usually of a person, position or role).
personne de substitution substitut
A person or animal that acts as a substitute for the social or pastoral role of another, such as a surrogate parent.

surrogate mother surrogate mothers n
mère porteuse
A woman who gives birth to a child not her own, with the intent to give that child up to at least one of the biological parents once it is born.

surround /səˈɹaʊnd/ v
entourer
(transitive) To encircle something or simultaneously extend in all directions.
enceindre
(transitive) To enclose or confine something on all sides so as to prevent escape.

surroundings /səˈɹaʊndɪŋz/ n
environnement voisinage
The area surrounding someone or something, together with the objects and circumstances in the vicinity; the environment or ambiance.

surtitle surtitles n
surtitre
A translation of a segment of the libretto or other text or sometimes a brief summary of the plot projected onto a screen above the stage during a performance of an opera or other similar performance sung in a foreign language; a supertitle.

surtitle v
surtitrer
To provide surtitles for a performance.

surveil /səˈveɪl/ /sɚˈveɪl/ v
surveiller
(transitive, US) To keep someone or something under surveillance.

surveillance /səɾˈveː.ljəns/ /səˈveɪ.ləns/ /sɚˈveɪ.ləns/ surveillances n
surveillance fichage
Close observation of an individual or group; person or persons under suspicion.

surveillance camera surveillance cameras n
caméra de surveillance caméra de vidéosurveillance
A mounted video camera used for the purpose of surveillance, as part of closed-circuit television.

survey /səˈveɪ/ /sɚˈveɪ/ /sɜːˈveɪ/ /ˈsɜːveɪ/ /ˈsɝˌveɪ/ surveys n
arpentage reconnaissance sondage
The act of surveying; a general view.
enquête
A particular view; an examination, especially an official examination, of a particular group of items, in order to ascertain the condition, quantity, or quality.
reconnaissance
The operation of finding the contour, dimensions, position, or other particulars of any part of the Earth's surface.
sondage
An examination of the opinions of a group of people.

survey /səˈveɪ/ /sɚˈveɪ/ /sɜːˈveɪ/ /ˈsɜːveɪ/ /ˈsɝˌveɪ/ v
inspecter
To examine with reference to condition, situation, value, etc.; to examine and ascertain the state of
sonder
To investigate the opinions, experiences, etc., of people by asking them questions; to conduct a survey; to administer a questionnaire.

surveyor surveyors n
arpenteur arpenteuse géomètre
A person occupied with surveying -- the process of determining positions on the earth's surface.

survival /səˈvaɪ.vəl/ /səˈvʌɪ.vəl/ /sɚˈvaɪ.vəl/ survivals n
survie
The fact or act of surviving; continued existence or life.

survival instinct survival instincts n
instinct de survie

survival kit survival kits n
kit de survie
A collection of items that can be used in order to survive in an emergency.

survivalism survivalisms n
survivalisme
A belief, expressed by survivalists, in being prepared to survive disasters and cataclysms including the collapse of civilization.

survivalist survivalists n
survivaliste
A person who believes in being prepared to survive and is actively preparing for possible future emergencies and disruptions in local, regional, national, or international social or political order.

survive /səˈvaɪv/ /səˈvʌɪv/ /sɚˈvaɪv/ v
survivre
(intransitive) Of a person, to continue to live; to remain alive.
(intransitive) Of an object or concept, to continue to exist.
(transitive) To live longer than; to outlive.
(transitive) To live past a life-threatening event.

survivor /sɚˈvaɪvɚ/ survivors n
survivant survivante rescapé rescapée
One who survives, especially one who survives a traumatic experience.

survivor guilt n
culpabilité du survivant syndrome du survivant

survivorship bias survivorship biases n
biais des survivants biais du survivant
A form of selection bias in which only the people or things that "survived" some process are considered, while those that did not are inadvertently overlooked because of their lack of visibility.

susceptibility /səˌsɛptəˈbɪlɪti/ susceptibilities n
susceptibilité
the condition of being susceptible; vulnerability
(physics) electric susceptibility, a measure of how easily a dielectric polarizes in response to an external electric field (compare permittivity).

susceptible /səˈsɛptɪbl̩/ more susceptible most susceptible adj
susceptible
(medicine) Especially sensitive, particularly to a stimulus.

sushi /ˈsuʃi/ /ˈsuːʃi/ sushis n
sushi
(proscribed) Raw fish, especially as a Japanese dish.

suslik /ˈsʊslɪk/ /ˈsʌslɪk/ susliks n
souslik zisel
Any of several large Eurasian squirrels, of the genera Citellus or Spermophilus.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ more suspect most suspect adj
suspect
Viewed with suspicion; suspected.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ suspects n
suspect
A person who is suspected of something, in particular of committing a crime.

suspect /səˈspɛkt/ /ˈsʌs.pɛkt/ v
suspecter soupçonner
(transitive) To imagine or suppose (something) to be true, or to exist, without proof.
soupçonner suspecter
(transitive) To distrust or have doubts about (something or someone).
(transitive) To believe (someone) to be guilty.
(intransitive) To have suspicion.

suspend /səsˈpɛnd/ v
suspendre
To halt something temporarily.
To discontinue or interrupt a function, task, position, or event.
To hang freely; underhang.
suspendre mettre en suspension
To bring a solid substance, usually in powder form, into suspension in a liquid.

suspended /səˈspɛndɪd/ adj
suspendu
Caused to stop for a while; interrupted or delayed.

suspended animation n
animation suspendue biostase
(science fiction) The deliberate slowing of the body's functions, sometimes by the use of cryonics, on long interstellar journeys.

suspended cymbal suspended cymbals n
cymbale suspendue
(musical instruments) a cymbal that is suspended horizontally and usually played with one or two sticks

suspended sentence suspended sentences n
sursis
(legal) A sentence which the offender serves in probation unless he/she commits another crime during the period the sentence is in force.

suspender /səˈspɛndə/ /səˈspɛndɚ/ suspenders n
bretelles
(US) An item of apparel consisting of a strap worn over the shoulder and used to hold up trousers.
jarretelle
(British) An item of apparel used to hold up a sock or (now especially) a stocking, such as a garter, or each of the fastening-straps attached to a corset or suspender belt.

suspender belt suspender belts n
porte-jarretelles
(British) An item of women's underwear consisting of a belt to which are attached suspenders for holding up stockings.

suspense /səˈspɛns/ suspenses n
suspension
The condition of being suspended; cessation for a time.
angoisse anxiété appréhension
The unpleasant emotion of anxiety or apprehension in an uncertain situation.
suspense angoisse anxiété appréhension
(legal) A temporary cessation of one's right; suspension, as when the rent or other profits of land cease by unity of possession of land and rent.

suspension /səˈspɛnʃən/ suspensions n
systéme amortisseur
(vehicle) The system of springs and shock absorbers connected to the wheels in an automobile, which allows the vehicle to move smoothly with reduced shock to its occupants.

suspension bridge suspension bridges n
pont suspendu
A bridge whose deck or roadway is suspended from cables.

suspensory suspensories n
suspensoir
(medicine) A kind of bandage.

suspicion /səˈspɪʃ.ən/ suspicions n
soupçon suspicion
The act of suspecting something or someone, especially of something wrong.

suspicious /səˈspɪʃ.əs/ more suspicious most suspicious adj
suspect
Arousing suspicion.
soupçonneux méfiant
Distrustful or tending to suspect.
soupçonneux suspicieux
Expressing suspicion

suspiciously more suspiciously most suspiciously adv
coupablement suspectement suspicieusement
(manner) In a way suggesting suspicion.
étonnamment
(degree) To a degree that makes one suspect something.

suss out v
capter piger
(colloquial, transitive) To manage to work (something) out, to determine (something).

sustain /səˈsteɪn/ /səˈstæɪn/ v
subvenir
(transitive) To provide for or nourish.
maintenir
To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support.

sustainability /səsˌteɪnəˈbɪlɪti/ sustainabilities n
durabilité
(ecology) A means of configuring civilization and human activity so that society, its members and its economies are able to meet their needs and express their greatest potential in the present, while preserving biodiversity and natural ecosystems, planning and acting for the ability to maintain these necessary resources for future generations.
soutenabilité
The ability to sustain something.

sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbəl/ more sustainable most sustainable adj
viable durable
Able to be sustained.
durable
Able to be produced or sustained for an indefinite period without damaging the environment, or without depleting a resource; renewable.

sustainable development sustainable developments n
développement durable
(agriculture, ecology) Development which seeks to produce sustainable economic growth while ensuring future generations' ability to do the same by not exceeding the regenerative capacity of nature.

susurrus /səˈsəɹ.əs/ /ˈsu.sə.ɹəs/ /ˈsuː.sə.ɹəs/ susurruses n
susurrement
(literary) A whispering or rustling sound; a murmur.

sutler /ˈsʌtlə/ /ˈsʌtləɹ/ sutlers n
cantinier vivandier
A person who follows an army, selling provisions.

sutra /ˈsuːtɹə/ sutras n
soutra sutra
A rule or thesis in Sanskrit grammar or Hindu law or philosophy.

sutural adj
sutural
(botany, surgery) Of or pertaining to a suture

suture /ˈs(j)uː.tjʊə/ /ˈs(j)uː.tʃə/ /ˈsu.t͡ʃɚ/ sutures n
suture
(botany) The seam at the union of two margins in a plant.

suture /ˈs(j)uː.tjʊə/ /ˈs(j)uː.tʃə/ /ˈsu.t͡ʃɚ/ v
suturer
(transitive, also, figurative) To sew up or join by means of a suture.

suzerain /ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹən/ /ˈs(j)uzəˌɹeɪ̯n/ suzerains n
suzerain
(international, _, politics) A dominant nation or state that has control over the international affairs of a subservient state which otherwise has domestic autonomy.
(historical) A feudal landowner to whom vassals were forced to pledge allegiance.

suzerainty /ˈs(j)uz(ə)ɹənti/ /ˈs(j)uzəˌɹeɪ̯nti/ suzerainties n
suzeraineté
A relation between states in which a subservient nation has its own government, but is unable to take international action independent of the superior state; a similar relationship between other entities.

svarabhakti /-bʌkti/ /ˌsvɑɹəˈbɑkti/ /ˌsvʌɹəˈbɑːkti/ /ˌswɑɹəˈbɑkti/ /ˌswʌɹəˈbɑːkti/ svarabhaktis n
svarabhakti
(linguistics, phonology) Epenthesis of a vowel, as in the football chant Engerland for England; anaptyxis.

swaddle /ˈswɑdəl/ /ˈswɒdəl/ /ˈswɔdəl/ v
emmailloter langer
To bind (a baby) with long narrow strips of cloth.

swaddling clothes n
langes
A garment, made of strips of cloth, used to bind an infant and restrict movement of its limbs.

swag /swæɡ/ v
butin babiole balluchon baluchon
(Australia, ambitransitive) To travel on foot carrying a swag (possessions tied in a blanket). [From 1850s.]
babiole
To transport stolen goods.
To transport in the course of arrest.

swagger /ˈswæɡ.ə/ /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ swaggers n
fierté
Confidence, pride.
outrecuidant prétentieux rouleur de mécaniques
A bold or arrogant strut.
fanfaronnade vantardise gasconnade hâblerie plastronnade
A prideful boasting or bragging.

swagger /ˈswæɡ.ə/ /ˈswæɡ.ɚ/ v
pavaner plastronner rouler des mécaniques
To behave (especially to walk or carry oneself) in a pompous, superior manner.
faire le beau fanfaronner péter plus haut que son cul se la péter se vanter
To boast or brag noisily; to bluster; to bully.
rouler des épaules
To walk with a swaying motion.

swagman /ˈswæɡmæn/ /ˈswæɡˌmæn/ /ˈswɛɡmɛn/ swagmen n
saisonnier
(Australia, New Zealand, historical) A man who travels around with a swag; specifically, an itinerant person, often seeking work in exchange for food and lodging.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] swallows n
hirondelle
A small, migratory bird of the Hirundinidae family with long, pointed, moon-shaped wings and a forked tail which feeds on the wing by catching insects.
gorgée avalée
The amount swallowed in one gulp; the act of swallowing.

swallow /ˈswɑ.loʊ/ /ˈswɒ.ləʊ/ [ˈswɑ.wɜʊ̯] [ˈswɑ.ɫoʊ̯] v
avaler
(transitive) To cause (food, drink etc.) to pass from the mouth into the stomach; to take into the stomach through the throat. [from 11th c.]
(transitive) To take (something) in so that it disappears; to consume, absorb. [from 13th c.]
(transitive) To put up with; to bear patiently or without retaliation.
avaler déglutir
(intransitive) To take food down into the stomach; to make the muscular contractions of the oesophagus to achieve this, often taken as a sign of nervousness or strong emotion. [from 18th c.]
avaler digérer
(transitive) To accept easily or without questions; to believe, accept. [from 16th c.]

swallow a bitter pill v
avaler la pilule

swallow one's pride v
ravaler sa fierté
(idiomatic) To set aside one's feelings of pride and adopt a more humble or appropriate stance.

swallow up v
engloutir engouffrer
To completely enclose or envelop.

swallow-tailed kite swallow-tailed kites n
milan à queue fourchue naucler à queue fourchue
Any of the species of kite native from southeastern North America through most of South America,Elanoides forficatus.

swallowing swallowings n
déglutition
The act of swallowing.

swallowtail /ˈswɒl.əʊˌteɪl/ swallowtails n
frac queue-de-pie
A type of tailcoat with two long tapering tails.
machaon
Any of various butterflies of the family Papilionidae, many of which have a long extension to each hindwing.

swamp /swɑmp/ /swɒmp/ swamps n
marais marécage
A piece of wet, spongy land; low ground saturated with water; soft, wet ground which may have a growth of certain kinds of trees, but is unfit for agricultural or pastoral purposes.

swamp /swɑmp/ /swɒmp/ v
submerger
(figurative) To overwhelm; to make too busy, or overrun the capacity of.

swamp white oak swamp white oaks n
chêne bicolore
The tree Quercus bicolor.

swan /swɑn/ /swɒn/ swan swans n
cygne cygneau cygne femelle cygne mâle cygnet jeune cygne
Any of various species of large, long-necked waterfowl, of genus Cygnus (bird family: Anatidae), most of which have white plumage.

swan dive swan dives n
saut de l'ange
(diving) A forward dive performed with an arched back, the legs together, starting with arms outstretched when jumping, bringing them over the head when landing.

swan goose swan geese n
oie cygnoïde
A large migratory goose (Anser cygnoides) belonging to the subfamily Anserinae.

swan song swan songs n
chant du cygne
(idiomatic) A final performance or accomplishment, especially one before retirement.

swanky /ˈswæŋki/ swankier swankiest adj
élégant classe
(informal) Rather posh, elegant, ritzy.

swap /swɒp/ swaps n
échange
An exchange of two comparable things.

swap /swɒp/ v
permuter
(transitive) To exchange or give (something) in an exchange (for something else).

swap out v
échanger

swappable adj
échangeable
That can be swapped.

swaption swaptions n
swaption
(finance) An instrument granting the owner an option to enter an interest rate swap.

sward /swɔɹd/ /swɔːd/ swards n
gazon
(uncountable) Earth which grass has grown into the upper layer of; greensward, sod, turf; (countable) a portion of such earth.
pelouse
(countable) An expanse of land covered in grass; a lawn or meadow.

swarf /swɔɹf/ /swɔːf/ swarfs n
copeau copeaux
(uncountable) The waste chips or shavings from an abrasive activity, such as metalworking, a saw cutting wood, or the use of a grindstone or whetstone. [from mid 16th c.]

swarm /swɔɹm/ /swɔːm/ swarms n
essaim grouillement
A large number of insects, especially when in motion or (for bees) migrating to a new colony.
essaim nuée
A mass of people, animals or things in motion or turmoil.

swarm /swɔɹm/ /swɔːm/ v
grouiller pulluler
essaimer
(intransitive) To move as a swarm.
(transitive) To fill a place as a swarm.

swashbuckler swashbucklers n
bretteur
A swordsman or fencer who engages in showy or extravagant swordplay.

swashbuckling more swashbuckling most swashbuckling adj
aventurier truculent
Adventurous, exciting.

swastika /ˈswɑstəkə/ /ˈswɑstɪkə/ /ˈswɒstəkə/ /ˈswɒstɪkə/ /ˈswɔstɘkɘ/ swastikas n
svastika croix gammée
(countable) A cross with arms of equal length all bent halfway along at a 90° angle to the right or to the left, used as a religious symbol by various ancient and modern civilizations, but now mainly seen and used in the West (with arms angled to the right) as a symbol of Nazism and fascism.

swat /swɑt/ /swɒt/ swats n
coup
A hard stroke, hit or blow, e.g., as part of a spanking.

swat /swɑt/ /swɒt/ v
frapper
(transitive) To beat off, as insects; to bat, strike, or hit.

swatch /swɑt͡ʃ/ /swɒtʃ/ /swɔt͡ʃ/ swatches n
motif échantillon
A piece, pattern, or sample, generally of cloth or a similar material.

swath /sweɪð/ /swɑð/ /swɑθ/ /swɒθ/ /swɔð/ /swɔθ/ swaths n
andain
The track cut out by a scythe in mowing.

sway /sweɪ/ sways n
balancement basculement oscillation
The act of swaying; a swaying motion; a swing or sweep of a weapon.
autorité influence poids
Influence, weight, or authority that inclines to one side
prépondérance
Preponderance; turn or cast of balance.

sway /sweɪ/ v
influencer
To influence or direct by power, authority, persuasion, or by moral force; to rule; to govern; to guide. Compare persuade.
To be drawn to one side by weight or influence; to lean; to incline.
balancer influencer
To cause to incline or swing to one side, or backward and forward; to bias; to turn; to bend; warp.

swear /swɛə/ /swɛɚ/ v
jurer
(transitive) To take an oath that an assertion is true.
jurer gronder
(ambitransitive) To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.

swear by v
ne jurer que par
(idiomatic) To trust wholeheartedly.

swear like a trooper v
jurer comme un charretier

swear on a stack of Bibles v
jurer ses grands dieux

swear word swear words n
gros mot juron
A word considered taboo and vulgar or offensive.

swearer swearers n
jureur
one who swears

sweat /swɛt/ sweats n
sueur transpiration
Fluid that exits the body through pores in the skin usually due to physical stress and/or high temperature for the purpose of regulating body temperature and removing certain compounds from the circulation.
troufion troupier
(British, military slang, especially WWI) A soldier (especially one who is old or experienced).

sweat /swɛt/ v
suer transpirer
(intransitive) To emit sweat.
se faire du mauvais sang
(intransitive, informal) To worry.
suer
(transitive) To emit, in the manner of sweat.

sweat gland sweat glands n
glande sudoripare
(anatomy) An exocrine gland found under the skin in mammals for regulating body temperature.

sweat like a pig v
suer comme un bœuf suer à grosses gouttes
(simile) To sweat profusely; to produce a lot of perspiration.

sweat of one's brow /ˈswɛt əv wɒnz ˈbɹaʊ/ /ˈswɛt əv wʌnz ˈbɹaʊ/ n
à la sueur de son front
(idiomatic) The effort extended in (often manual) labour, and the value created thereby.

sweater /-ɾɚ/ /ˈswetə/ /ˈswɛtə/ /ˈswɛtɚ/ sweaters n
sweater sweat sweat-shirt
A knitted jacket or jersey, usually of thick wool, worn by athletes before or after exercise.
pull pull-over chandail
(US) A similar garment worn for warmth.

sweating /ˈswɛtɪŋ/ sweatings n
transpiration
The production and evaporation of a watery fluid called sweat that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals.

sweatpants n
pantalon de jogging
(US) Informal cotton trousers, with an elasticated or drawstring waist, used for exercise etc.

sweatshirt sweatshirts n
sweat-shirt coton ouaté sweatshirt
A loose shirt, usually made of a knit fleece, for athletic wear and now often used as casual apparel.

sweatshop /ˈswɛtˌʃɑp/ /ˈswɛtˌʃɒp/ sweatshops n
atelier d'exploitation atelier de misère atelier de pressurage
A factory or other place of work where pay is low and conditions are poor or even illegal. [from 1892]

sweaty /ˈswɛti/ [ˈswɛɾi] sweatier sweatiest adj
moite en sueur
Covered in sweat.
sudatoire
Likely to cause one to sweat.

sweep /swiːp/ sweeps n
balayage
A single action of sweeping.

sweep /swiːp/ v
balayer
(transitive) To clean (a surface) by means of a stroking motion of a broom or brush.
(transitive) To search (a place) methodically.

sweep away v
balayer
(transitive) To remove something by, or as if by, sweeping.

sweep something under the rug v
cacher la poussière sous le tapis
(idiomatic) To conceal a problem, (usually embarrassing or illegal) expediently, rather than remedy it thoroughly.

sweeper /ˈswipɚ/ sweepers n
balayeur
One who sweeps floors or chimneys.
libero libéro
(curling) A person who sweeps the ice ahead of the rock in play.
(cricket) A fielding position along the boundary; a fielder in this position.
(video games) A character designed or capable of knocking out multiple enemies in succession, usually due to a combination of high offense and high speed.

sweeping /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ more sweeping most sweeping adj
complet large radical vaste à l'emporte-pièce
Wide, broad, affecting or touching upon many things.

sweeping /ˈswiːpɪŋ/ sweepings n
balayage
(countable) An instance of sweeping.
(uncountable) The activity of sweeping.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweeter sweetest adj
suave
sucré doux
Tasting of sugars.
doux sucré
(wine) Retaining a portion of sugar.
Not of a salty taste.
Of a pleasant smell.
frais
Not decaying, fermented, rancid, sour, spoiled, or stale.
doux mélodieux
Of a pleasant sound.
doux sympa sympathique sucré
Of a pleasing disposition.
gentil charmant
Of a helpful disposition.
génial
(informal) Very pleasing; agreeable.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ more sweet most sweet adv
doucement
In a sweet manner.

sweet /swit/ /swiːt/ sweets n
bonbon friandise sucreries
(countable, especially, _, UK) A confection made from sugar, or high in sugar content; a candy.

sweet chestnut sweet chestnuts n
châtaignier
A type of deciduous tree native to Europe, Castanea sativa.
châtaigne
The edible nuts of this tree.

sweet clover sweet clovers n
mélilot
A plant of any species in the genus Melilotus.

sweet corn sweet corns n
maïs doux
Any of many varieties of corn (specifically maize) most suitable for eating by humans, as distinguished from corn raised as animal feed; usually with higher sugar content than field corn.

sweet dreams /ˌswiːt ˈdɹiːmz/ phraseologicalUnit
fais de beaux rêves faites de beaux rêves
(idiomatic) Said to someone before they fall asleep, wishing them a good sleep.

sweet flag sweet flags n
acore odorant
A perennial wetland plant, Acorus calamus, with an aromatic medicinal root, formerly used to strew floors.

sweet maudlin n
achillée visqueuse achillée à feuilles d’agératum
A European herb with fragrant leaves, sweet-Nancy, sweet yarrow (Achillea ageratum).

sweet nothings n
mots doux
(idiomatic) Insubstantial or romantic words that are only meant to flatter, woo, or seduce.

sweet osmanthus n
olivier de Chine olivier odorant olivier à thé osmanthus
a shrub or tree of the species Osmanthus fragrans, native to east Asia and prized for its fragrant flowers

sweet pea sweet peas n
pois de senteur
A flowering plant, Lathyrus odoratus, grown for its bright colours and sweet fragrance.

sweet potato /ˈswiːt pəˈteɪtəʊ/ sweet potatoes n
patate douce patate
A tropical perennial American vine, Ipomoea batatas, having a fleshy tuber.
The tuber of this plant cooked as a vegetable.

sweet spot /ˈswit ˌspɑt/ /ˈswiːt spɒt/ sweet spots n
sweet spot
Any place that is optimal for obtaining a certain desirable effect or result.
(sports) Any of several places on a bat, racquet, etc., with which to hit a ball, resulting in the latter rebounding with some optimal desirable effect, such as minimum vibration or maximum velocity.

sweet tooth sweet tooths n
bec sucré
(idiomatic, only in singular) A liking for foods that are sweet; a weakness for sweets.

sweet william sweet williams n
œillet de poète
A flowering plant, Dianthus barbatus, in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to the mountains of southern Europe from the Pyrenees east to the Carpathians and the Balkans.

sweet woodruff n
aspérule odorante gaillet odorant reine des bois
An aromatic perennial plant, formerly used as a strewing herb, Galium odoratum (formerly Asperula odorata), with small white flowers.

sweet-and-sour sauce sweet-and-sour sauces n
sauce aigre-douce
(cuisine) A sticky sauce used in Chinese cuisine that tastes both sugary and tart.

sweetbread /ˈswitˌbɹɛd/ /ˈswiːtbɹɛd/ sweetbreads n
ris
The pancreas or thymus gland of an animal, especially a lamb or calf, as food.

sweeten /ˈswiːtən/ [ˈswiːtn̩] [ˈswiːʔn̩] v
adoucir sucrer
(transitive) To make sweet to the taste.
(transitive) To soften to the eye; to make delicate.

sweetener sweeteners n
édulcorant
Something added to food to sweeten its taste, especially an artificial substitute for sugar.

sweetheart /ˈswitˌhɑɹt/ /ˈswiːtˌhɑːt/ [ˈswiˌɾ(ʱ)ɑɹt̠̚] sweethearts n
chéri
A person who is always very kind.
chéri chérie amante amour ange
A person very much liked or loved by someone, especially when both partners are young.

sweetish /ˈswiːtɪʃ/ more sweetish most sweetish adj
douceâtre douçâtre
somewhat sweet (all senses)

sweetly /ˈswiːtli/ more sweetly most sweetly sweetlier sweetliest adv
doucement
In a sweet or pleasant manner.

sweetmeat /ˈswiːtmiːt/ sweetmeats n
friandise
A sweet delicacy; a confection.

sweets n
bonbon confection
Confectionery, candy.

sweetshop sweetshops n
confiserie pâtisserie
A shop selling confectionery, especially one that sells predominantly confectionery.

swell /swɛl/ sweller swellest adj
chouette sensass
(North America, dated, _, slang) Excellent.

swell /swɛl/ swells n
houle
A long series of ocean waves, generally produced by wind, and lasting after the wind has ceased.

swell /swɛl/ v
gonfler enfler
(intransitive) To become bigger, especially due to being engorged.
gonfler
(transitive) To raise to arrogance; to puff up; to inflate.

swell the ranks v
grossir les rangs

swelling /ˈswɛl.ɪŋ/ swellings n
gonflement
The state of being swollen.

swelter /ˈswɛl.tə/ /ˈswɛl.tɚ/ swelters n
canicule
Intense heat.

swelter /ˈswɛl.tə/ /ˈswɛl.tɚ/ v
étouffer
(intransitive) To suffer terribly from intense heat.

sweltering adj
étouffant
(of weather) hot and humid; oppressively sticky

sweptback more sweptback most sweptback adj
à flèche inversée
(of an aircraft wing) Angled backwards from its attachment to the fuselage.

sweptwing adj
en flèche
(of an aircraft) Having sweptback wings.

swerve /swɜːv/ /swɝv/ swerves n
esquive
A sudden movement out of a straight line, for example to avoid a collision.

swerve /swɜːv/ /swɝv/ v
faire une embardée
dévier
To go out of a straight line; to deflect.
dévier se détourner
To wander from any line prescribed, or from a rule or duty; to depart from what is established by law, duty, custom, or the like; to deviate.

swidden /ˈswɪdən/ swiddens n
brûlis
An area of land that has been cleared by cutting the vegetation and burning it; slash and burn.

swift /swɪft/ swifter swiftest adj
rapide
Fast; quick; rapid.

swift /swɪft/ swifts n
martinet
A small plain-colored bird of the family Apodidae that resembles a swallow and is noted for its rapid flight.
dévidoir
(textiles) A light, collapsible reel used to hold a hank of yarn in order to wind off skeins or balls.

swift parrot swift parrots n
perruche de Latham
Lathamus discolor, an endangered species of true parrot which breeds in Tasmania and migrates to mainland south-eastern Australia.

swig /swɪɡ/ swigs n
lampée
(by extension) A long draught from a drink. [from 1620s]

swig /swɪɡ/ v
lamper
To drink (usually by gulping or in a greedy or unrefined manner); to quaff.

swill /swɪl/ swills n
soupe
(collective) A mixture of solid and liquid food scraps fed to pigs etc; especially kitchen waste for this purpose.

swim /swɪm/ swims n
natation nager
An act or instance of swimming.

swim /swɪm/ v
nager
(intransitive) To move through the water, without touching the bottom; to propel oneself in water by natural means.

swim bladder swim bladders n
vessie natatoire
(anatomy, usually of fish) A gas-filled sac within the bodies of most fish that variously acts as a float, lung, sound-producing organ or an aid to hearing.

swim cap swim caps n
bonnet de bain
a silicone, latex or lycra cap worn on the head by recreational and competitive swimmers.

swim lane swim lanes n
couloir de nage
A lengthwise division of a swimming pool or other swimming arena.

swimmer /ˈswɪm.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈswɪm.ɚ/ swimmers n
nageur nageuse
One who swims.

swimming /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ swimmings n
natation nage
The act or art of sustaining and propelling the body in water.

swimming goggles n
lunettes de piscine lunettes de natation
Goggles to protect the eyes from material in the water, while swimming.

swimming pool /ˈswɪmɪŋ ˌpuːl/ swimming pools n
piscine
A pool of water used for swimming, usually one which has been artificially constructed.

swimming trunks n
maillot de bain slip de bain
A pair of shorts or briefs worn for swimming or bathing.

swimmingly /-ɡli/ /ˈswɪmɪŋli/ more swimmingly most swimmingly adv
comme sur des roulettes
(figuratively, informal) In a very favourable manner; without difficulty; agreeably, successfully.

swimsuit /swɪm.s(j)ut/ swimsuits n
maillot costume de bain
maillot de bain
A garment worn for swimming.

swindle /ˈswɪnd(ə)l/ swindles n
entourloupe escroquerie
An instance of swindling.

swindle /ˈswɪnd(ə)l/ v
escroquer entourlouper
(transitive) To defraud.
(ambitransitive) To obtain (money or property) by fraudulent or deceitful methods.

swindler /ˈswɪnd.lə(ɹ)/ swindlers n
escroc aigrefin margoulin
A person who swindles, cheats or defrauds.

swine /swaɪn/ swine swines n
porc salaud garce vermine
(pejorative) A contemptible person (plural swines).

swine fever n
peste porcine
(pathology) A contagious, usually fatal, disease of pigs, causing fever, skin lesions and convulsions, caused by Pestivirus C (CSFV).

swine flu n
grippe porcine
(disease) Influenza caused by certain orthomyxoviruses, which pass from pigs to humans.

swineherd /ˈswaɪnˌhɜːd/ swineherds n
porcher porchère
A person who herds and tends swine, a keeper of swine (pigs).

swing /ˈswɪŋ/ swings n
Swing
balancement
The manner in which something is swung.
balançoire
A line, cord, or other thing suspended and hanging loose, upon which anything may swing.
A hanging seat that can swing back and forth, in a children's playground, for acrobats in a circus, or on a porch for relaxing.
swing
An energetic and acrobatic late-1930s partner-based dance style, also known as jitterbug and lindy-hop.
(music) The genre of music associated with this dance style.
doublure
(politics) In an election, the increase or decrease in the number of votes for opposition parties compared with votes for the incumbent party.
In a musical theater production, a performer who understudies several roles.
variation
The amount of change towards or away from something.
revirement
The maximum amount of change that has occurred or can occur; the sum of the maximum changes in any direction.
coup de poing balancé
(boxing) A type of hook with the arm more extended.

swing /ˈswɪŋ/ v
balancer se balancer osciller
(intransitive) To rotate about an off-centre fixed point.
swinguer
(intransitive) To dance.
balancer
(intransitive) To ride on a swing.
(transitive) To move (an object) backward and forward; to wave.
pendre changer osciller
(intransitive) To hang from the gallows; to be punished by hanging, swing for something or someone; (often hyperbolic) to be severely punished.
changer osciller
(intransitive) To fluctuate or change.
altérer modifier
(transitive) To change (a numerical result); especially to change the outcome of an election.
se permettre swinguer
(transitive) To make (something) work; especially to afford (something) financially.

swing bridge swing bridges n
pont tournant
A movable bridge that has as its primary structural support a vertical locating pin and support ring, usually at or near to its centre of gravity, about which the turning span can then pivot horizontally.

swing ride swing rides n
chaises volantes
An amusement ride consisting of chairs suspended from a carousel.

swing shift swing shifts n
poste de soir

swing state swing states n
État-charnière
(US politics) A state which may vote Democratic or Republican, in a given election or generally.

swinger /ˈswɪŋə(ɹ)/ swingers n
échangiste
A person who practices swinging (sex with different partners).

swinging /ˈswɪŋɪŋ/ swingings n
échangisme
An activity where couples engage in sexual activity with different partners, often in a group setting.

swipe /swaɪp/ v
attraper choper
(intransitive) To grab or bat quickly.
glisser
(transitive) To scan or register by sliding (a swipecard etc.) through a reader.
faire glisser swiper
(transitive, intransitive, computing, GUI) To interact with a touch screen by drawing one's finger rapidly across it.
piquer voler chourrer dérober faucher
(transitive, informal) To steal or snatch.

swipple swipples n
battant
The part of a flail that is free to swing, and which strikes the grain in threshing.

swirl /swɜɹl/ /swɜːl/ swirls n
remous tourbillon
A whirling eddy.

swirl /swɜɹl/ /swɜːl/ v
tourbillonner
(ambitransitive) To twist or whirl, as an eddy.

swish /swɪʃ/ more swish most swish swisher swishest adj
chic doux en vogue lisse
(British, colloquial) sophisticated; fashionable; smooth.

swish /swɪʃ/ v
bruisser
To make a rustling sound while moving.

switch /swɪt͡ʃ/ adj
switch
(snowboarding) Pertaining to riding with the front and back feet swapped round compared to one's normal position.
(freestyle, _, skiing) Pertaining to skiing backwards.

switch /swɪt͡ʃ/ switches n
interrupteur
A device to turn electric current on and off or direct its flow.
aiguillage aiguille
(rail transport, US) A movable section of railroad track which allows the train to be directed down one of two destination tracks; (set of) points.
badine
A slender woody plant stem used as a whip; a thin, flexible rod, associated with corporal punishment in the United States.
commutateur
(computer science) A command line notation allowing specification of optional behavior.
(telecommunication) A system of specialized relays, computer hardware, or other equipment which allows the interconnection of a calling party's telephone line with any called party's line.
commutateur réseau
(computing, networking) A networking device connecting multiple wires, allowing them to communicate simultaneously, when possible. Compare to the less efficient hub device that solely duplicates network packets to each wire.

switch /swɪt͡ʃ/ v
échanger commuter
(transitive) To change (something) to the specified state using a switch.
changer
(intransitive) To change places, tasks, etc.
fouetter
To turn from one railway track to another; to transfer by a switch; generally with off, from, etc.

switch off v
éteindre
(transitive) To turn a switch to the "off" position in order to stop or disable a device.

switch on v
allumer
(transitive) To turn a switch to the "on" position in order to start or enable a device.

switch teams v
changer de bord virer de bord

switchback /ˈswɪt͡ʃbæk/ /ˈswɪt͡ʃˌbæk/ switchbacks n
lacet
A railway track on a steep slope in a zigzag formation, in which a train travels in a reverse direction at each switch. [from mid to late 19th c.]

switchblade switchblades n
couteau à cran d'arrêt
A folding knife with a blade which opens automatically (under spring pressure) when a button is pressed.

switchboard switchboards n
standard standard téléphonique
(telecommunications) The electronic panel that is used to direct telephone calls to the desired recipient.

switcher switchers n
locotracteur
(rail transport, US) A railway locomotive used for shunting; a shunter.

swivel /ˈswɪvəl/ swivels n
émerillon
(mechanical) A piece, such as a ring or hook, attached to another piece by a pin, in such a manner as to permit rotation about the pin as an axis.

swivel /ˈswɪvəl/ v
pivoter
(intransitive) To swing or turn, as on a pin or pivot.

swizz swizzes n
arnaque entourloupe
(British, informal) A swindle, disappointment.

swizz v
arnaquer entourlouper
(UK, informal, transitive, intransitive) To swindle.

swizzle stick swizzle sticks n
touillette
A small utensil, often disposable, used to mix or stir drinks, commonly iced tea or cocktails.

swollen /ˈswoʊ.lən/ /ˈswəʊ.lən/ more swollen most swollen adj
enflé gonflé
protuberant or abnormally distended (as by injury or disease).

swoon /suːn/ /swuːn/ swoons n
pâmoison
A faint.

swoop /ˈsuːp/ /ˈswuːp/ swoops n
précipitation
An instance, or the act of suddenly plunging downward.

sword /so(ː)ɹd/ /soəd/ /swɔːrd/ [soːd] [soːɹd] [sɔɹd] [sɔːd] swords n
épée glaive épéiste
(weaponry) A long bladed weapon with a grip and typically a pommel and crossguard (together forming a hilt), which is designed to cut, stab, slash and/or hack.

sword knot sword knots n
dragonne
A type of ribbon attached to the hilt of a sword, originally as a way of fastening it to the wrist, but later chiefly as an ornament.

sword of Damocles /ˈsɔɹd əv ˈdæməkliz/ swords of Damocles n
épée de Damoclès
A thing or situation which causes a prolonged state of impending doom or misfortune.

sword swallower sword swallowers n
avaleur de sabre avaleuse de sabre
A performer who performs sword swallowing

swordfish /ˈsɔː(ɹ)dfɪʃ/ swordfish swordfishes n
espadon
A large marine fish with a long, pointed bill, Xiphias gladius.

swordplay swordplays n
combat à l'épée escrime
fighting with a sword

swordsman swordsmen n
escrimeur maître d'armes
A person skilled at using swords in sport or combat; a fencer.
épéiste
A person who fights with a sword.

swordsmith swordsmiths n
forgeron [[d']]épées forgeron de sabres
A maker of swords.

swordtail swordtails n
xiphophore
One of many species of freshwater fish, in genus Xiphophorus, others of which are called platyfish.

swot /swɑt/ /swɒt/ /swɔt/ swots n
bosseur bachoteur bûcheur
(slang, British) One who swots; a boffin, nerd, or smart aleck.
boulot tapin
(slang, British) Work.
bachot bachotage
(slang, British) Vigorous study at an educational institution.

swot /swɑt/ /swɒt/ /swɔt/ v
bûcher bachoter potasser bosser se bourrer le crâne
(intransitive, slang, British) To study with effort or determination (object of study indicated by "up on").

sybarite /ˈsɪbəɹaɪt/ /ˈsɪbəˌɹaɪt/ sybarites n
sybarite
A person devoted to luxury and pleasure; a hedonist.

sycamore /ˈsɪkəmɔɹ/ /ˈsɪkəmɔː/ sycamores n
platane
(US) Any of several North American plane trees, of the genus Platanus, especially Platanus occidentalis (American sycamore), distinguished by its mottled bark which flakes off in large irregular masses.
figuier sycomore sycomore
(originally) A large tree bearing edible fruit, Ficus sycomorus, allied to the common fig, found in Egypt and Syria.

sycamore maple sycamore maples n
érable sycomore
(chiefly, US) The British and European sycamore tree, Acer pseudoplatanus.

syconium syconia n
sycone
(botany) A collective fleshy fruit, in which the ovaries are hidden within a hollow receptacle, as in the fig; a hollow ball with a stalk at one end and an opening (ostiole) at the other, with flowers or fruits on the inside

sycophancy sycophancies n
cirage de pompes flagornerie flatterie lèche-culterie
The fawning behavior of a sycophant; servile flattery; fawningness.

sycophant /ˈsaɪkəfænt/ /ˈsaɪkəfənt/ /ˈsɪkəfænt/ /ˈsɪkəfənt/ sycophants n
flagorneur lèche-bottes lèche-cul
One who uses obsequious compliments to gain self-serving favour or advantage from another; a servile flatterer.

syenite /ˈsaɪənaɪt/ syenites n
syénite
(geology) An igneous rock composed of feldspar and hornblende.

syllabary /sɪˈlæbəɹi/ /ˈsɪləˌbɛɹi/ syllabaries n
syllabaire
(orthography) A table or list of syllabic letters or syllables.
(orthography) A writing system where each character represents a complete syllable.

syllabic /sɪˈlæb.ɪk/ more syllabic most syllabic adj
syllabique
Of, relating to, or consisting of a syllable or syllables.
(linguistics) Designating a sound that is or can be the most sonorant segment of a syllable, as a vowel or a resonant. In the word riddle ([ɹɪdl̩]), the two syllabic sounds are [ɪ] and [l̩].
Of, or being a form of verse, based on the number of syllables in a line rather than on the arrangement of accents or quantities.

syllabification /sɪˌlæbɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ syllabifications n
syllabation
The division of a word into syllables.

syllabify /sɪˈlæbɪfaɪ/ v
syllaber
To divide a word into syllables; to syllabicate; to syllabize.

syllable /ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/ [ˈsɪl.ə.bɫ̩] syllables n
syllabe
(linguistics) A unit of human speech that is interpreted by the listener as a single sound, although syllables usually consist of one or more vowel sounds, either alone or combined with the sound of one or more consonants; a word consists of one or more syllables.

syllabus /ˈsɪləbəs/ syllabi syllabuses n
plan de cours programme sommaire syllabus
(education) A summary of topics which will be covered during an academic course, or a text or lecture.
(law) The headnote of a reported case; the brief statement of the points of law determined prefixed to a reported case.

syllepsis /sɪˈlɛp.sɪs/ syllepses n
syllepse
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which one word simultaneously modifies two or more other words such that the modification must be understood differently with respect to each modified word; often causing humorous incongruity.

syllogism /ˈsɪlədʒɪz(ə)m/ syllogisms n
syllogisme
(logic) An argument whose conclusion is supported by two premises, of which one contains the term that is the predicate of the conclusion, and the other contains the term that is the subject of the conclusion; common to both premises is a term that is excluded from the conclusion.

sylph /sɪlf/ sylphs n
sylphe sylphide
The elemental being of air, usually female.

sylvan /ˈsɪl.vən/ more sylvan most sylvan adj
sylvain sylvestre
Pertaining to the forest, or woodlands.
sylvestre
Wooded, or covered in forest.

sylviculturist sylviculturists n
sylviculteur sylvicultrice
Someone who cultivates forest trees, especially as a business; a forester.

sylvite sylvites n
sylvine
(mineral) An evaporite, consisting of potassium chloride KCl, also found in fumaroles.

symbiont symbionts n
symbiote
(ecology) An organism that lives in a symbiotic relationship.

symbiosis /sɪmbaɪˈoʊsɪs/ /sɪmbiˈoʊsɪs/ symbioses n
symbiose
A relationship of mutual benefit, especially among different species.

symbiotic /ˌsɪm.baɪˈɑt.ɪk/ /ˌsɪm.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ /ˌsɪm.biˈɑt.ɪk/ /ˌsɪm.biˈɒt.ɪk/ adj
symbiotique
(ecology) Of, or relating to symbiosis; living together.
Of a relationship with mutual benefit between two individuals or organisms.

symbol /ˈsɪmbəl/ symbols n
symbole
A character or glyph representing an idea, concept or object.
(linguistics) A type of noun whereby the form refers to the same entity independently of the context; a symbol arbitrarily denotes a referent. See also icon and index.
A summary of a dogmatic statement of faith.
(programming) An internal identifier used by a debugger to relate parts of the compiled program to the corresponding names in the source code.

symbolic more symbolic most symbolic adj
symbolique
Pertaining to a symbol.
Implicitly representing or referring to another thing.

symbolically /ˌsɪmˈbɑːlɪklɪ/ /ˌsɪmˈbɒlɪklɪ/ more symbolically most symbolically adv
symboliquement
In a symbolic manner.

symbolism /ˈsɪmbəˌlɪzəm/ symbolisms n
symbolisme
Representation of a concept through symbols or underlying meanings of objects or qualities. [from between 1645 and 1655.]

symbolize /ˈsɪmbəlaɪz/ v
symboliser
(transitive) To be symbolic of; to represent.

symbology [sɪmˈbɑləd͡ʒi] [sɪmˈbɒləd͡ʒi] symbologies n
symbologie
(uncountable) The study or use of symbols.

symmetrical /sɪˈmɛtɹɪkəl/ more symmetrical most symmetrical adj
symétrique
Exhibiting symmetry; having harmonious or proportionate arrangement of parts; having corresponding parts or relations.

symmetry /ˈsɪmɪtɹi/ symmetries n
symétrie
Exact correspondence on either side of a dividing line, plane, center or axis.
The satisfying arrangement of a balanced distribution of the elements of a whole.

sympathectomy sympathectomies n
sympathectomie
(neurosurgery) The surgical cutting of a nerve in the sympathetic nervous system.

sympathetic /ˌsɪm.pəˈθɛt.ɪk/ more sympathetic most sympathetic adj
sympathique
Of, related to, feeling, showing, or characterized by sympathy.

sympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous systems n
système nerveux orthosympathique
(neuroanatomy) The part of the autonomic nervous system that raises blood pressure and heart rate, constricts blood vessels, and dilates the pupils when under stress.

sympathetically /sɪmpəˈθɛtɪk(ə)li/ more sympathetically most sympathetically adv
sympathiquement
In a manner which demonstrates a sharing in the feelings of others; compassionately.

sympathize v
compatir apitoyer
(intransitive) To have, show or express sympathy; to be affected by feelings similar to those of another, in consequence of knowing the person to be thus affected.

sympathizer sympathizers n
compatissant compatissante
sympathisant sympathisante
(often, derogatory) A person who sympathizes (with a political cause, a side in a conflict, etc.); a supporter.

sympathy /ˈsɪm.pəθ.i/ sympathies n
sympathie compassion condoléance
A feeling of pity or sorrow for the suffering or distress of another.
sympathie empathie
The ability to share the feelings of another.
sympathie
An affinity, association or mutual relationship between people or things such that they are correspondingly affected by any condition.

sympatric /sɪmˈpætɹɪk/ more sympatric most sympatric adj
sympatride sympatrique
(biology, genetics) Occurring in the same, or in overlapping, territory, especially of species that do not interbreed.

sympatry sympatries n
sympatrie
(biology) The use of the same (or overlapping) geographical areas, by populations of related species, without interbreeding. [from 1903]

symphonic /sɪmˈfɒnɪk/ more symphonic most symphonic adj
symphonique
(music) Characteristic of a symphony

symphonic poem symphonic poems n
poème symphonique
(music) A piece of orchestral music, in one movement, based on something non-musical, such as a story or a painting.

symphonist symphonists n
symphoniste
A composer of symphonies

symphony /ˈsɪm.fə.ni/ [ˈsɪɱ.fə.ni] symphonies n
symphonie
An extended piece of music of sophisticated structure, usually for orchestra.

symphony orchestra symphony orchestras n
orchestre symphonique philharmonique
(music) A large orchestra that traditionally plays Western classical orchestral music.

symplectic matrix symplectic matrices n
matrice symplectique
(linear algebra) For given field F (especially the real numbers), even order 2n and nonsingular skew-symmetric matrix Ω, any 2n×2n matrix M with elements in F such that MTΩM = Ω (where MT denotes the transpose of M).

symposium /sɪm.ˈpoʊ.zi.əm/ symposia symposiums n
symposium
A conference or other meeting for discussion of a topic, especially one in which the participants make presentations.

symptom /ˈsɪm(p)təm/ symptoms n
symptôme
(medicine) A perceived change in some function, sensation or appearance of a person that indicates a disease or disorder, such as fever, headache or rash; strictly, a symptom is felt or experienced by the patient, while a sign can be detected by an observer.
symptôme indice
(figuratively) A signal; anything that indicates, or is characteristic of, the presence of something else, especially of something undesirable.

symptomatic /ˌsɪmp.təˈmæt.ɪk/ more symptomatic most symptomatic adj
symptomatique
(medicine) Showing symptoms.

symptomatology symptomatologies n
symptomatologie
(uncountable) The science that studies the symptoms of diseases.
(countable) The aggregate of symptoms of a particular disease.

synaeresis /sɪnˈɛɹəsɪs/ synaereses n
synérèse

synaesthesia /ˌsɪn.əsˈθi.ʒə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.zɪ.ə/ /ˌsɪn.ɪsˈθiː.ʒə/ synaesthesiae synaesthesias n
synesthésie
(neurology, psychology) A neurological or psychological phenomenon whereby a particular sensory stimulus triggers a second kind of sensation. [from late 19th c.]
(arts, literature) A literary or artistic device whereby one kind of sensation is described in the terms of another.

synagogal more synagogal most synagogal adj
synagogal
Of or pertaining to a synagogue.

synagogical more synagogical most synagogical adj
synagogal
Of or pertaining to a synagogue.

synagogue /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɑɡ/ /ˈsɪ.nəˌɡɒɡ/ synagogues n
synagogue
A place of worship for Jews or Samaritans.
A congregation of Jews or Samaritans for the purpose of worship or religious study.

synalepha synalephas n
synalèphe
The melding into a single syllable of two vowels from two different syllables.

synallagmatic adj
synallagmatique
(legal) Imposing reciprocal obligations upon the parties; bilateral.

synapse /sɪˈnæps/ /ˈsaɪnæps/ /ˈsɪnæps/ synapses n
synapse
The junction between the terminal of a neuron and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass.

synaptic adj
synaptique
(physiology) Of or relating to a synapse—the junction between the terminal of a neuron and another cell.

synarchy /ˈsɪnəki/ /ˈsɪnɚki/ synarchies n
synarchie
Joint rule or sovereignty.

synastry synastries n
synastrie
(by extension) similarity of condition, fortune, etc., as prefigured by astrological calculation

syncarpous adj
syncarpe

synchrocyclotron /sɪŋkɹəʊˈsaɪklətɹɒn/ synchrocyclotrons n
synchrocyclotron
A particle accelerator like a cyclotron, but which operates at variable frequency to account for the particles gaining energy, allowing for greater energies to be achieved.

synchronic /sɪnˈkɹɒnɪk/ /sɪŋˈkɹɑnɪk/ /sɪŋˈkɹɒnɪk/ adj
synchronique
(linguistics) Relating to the study of a language at only one point in its history.

synchronised skating n
patinage synchronisé
A discipline of figure skating where 8–20 skaters skate in a team, doing simultaneous movements and precise formations with precise timing.

synchronised swimming n
nage synchronisée natation synchronisée
A swimming event where competitors swim in a ballet-like manner in a swimming pool

synchronization synchronizations n
synchronisation
The state or property of being synchronized.

synchronize /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪz/ /ˈsɪŋ.kɹə.naɪːz/ v
synchroniser
(transitive) To cause two or more events or actions to happen at exactly the same time or same rate, or in a time-coordinated way.

synchronized diving n
plongeon synchronisé
A sport in which divers perform synchronised dives.

synchronized skating n
patinage synchronisé
A discipline of figure skating where 8–20 skaters skate in a team, doing synchronous movements and precise formations with precise timing.

synchronized swimming n
natation synchronisée
A swimming event where swimmers perform a synchronised routine of dance moves in the water.

synchronous /ˈsɪŋkɹənəs/ more synchronous most synchronous adj
synchrone
At the same time, at the same frequency.

synchronous rotation synchronous rotations n
rotation synchrone
(astronomy) The situation in which an astronomical body takes just as long to rotate around its own axis as it does to revolve around its partner.

synchrotron /ˈsɪŋkɹə(ʊ)tɹɒn/ synchrotrons n
synchrotron
(physics) A form of cyclotron in which charged particles are accelerated by an electric field that is synchronized with a magnetic field that keeps them in a circular path.

synclinal more synclinal most synclinal adj
synclinal
(geology) Formed by strata dipping toward a common line or plane.

synclinal synclinals n
synclinal
(geology) A synclinal fold.

syncopate v
syncoper
(transitive, linguistics, phonology) to omit a vocalic or consonantal sound or a syllable from a word; to use syncope
(transitive, music) to stress or accentuate the weak beat of a rhythm; to use syncopation

syncopation syncopations n
syncopation syncope
(music) The quality of a rhythm being somehow unexpected, in that it deviates from the strict succession of regularly spaced strong and weak beats in a meter.

syncope /ˈsɪŋ.kə.pi/ syncopes n
syncope pâmoison
(linguistics, phonology, prosody) The elision or loss of a sound from the interior of a word, especially of a vowel sound with loss of a syllable.
syncope
(music) A missed beat or off-beat stress in music resulting in syncopation.

syncretic /sɪŋˈkɹɛtɪk/ more syncretic most syncretic adj
syncrétique
Combining disparate elements in one system, especially as in forms of religious observance, philosophical systems, or artistic creations.

syncretism /ˈsɪŋkɹəˌtɪzm/ syncretisms n
syncrétisme
(chiefly, religion) The (attempted) reconciliation or fusion of different systems or beliefs.
(linguistics) The fusion of different inflexional forms.

syncretize v
syncrétiser
To combine different elements, or to unite or reconcile different beliefs.

syndemic adj
syndémique

syndemic syndemics n
syndémie
An aggregation of two or more diseases that interact synergistically within a population.

syndic /ˈsɪndɪk/ syndics n
syndic syndique
(government) A government official having different duties depending on the country; also, a magistrate, especially one of the Chief Magistrates of Geneva, Switzerland.

syndical /ˈsɪndɪkəl/ [ˈsɪndɪkl̩] more syndical most syndical adj
syndical
Of or pertaining to a syndicate

syndicalism syndicalisms n
syndicalisme
(socialism) Control of government and industry by labor unions, usually achieved through revolutionary direct action.

syndicalist syndicalists n
syndicaliste
A believer in the principles of syndicalism.

syndicate /ˈsɪndɪkeɪt/ /ˈsɪndɪkət/ syndicates n
syndicat
A group of individuals or companies formed to transact some specific business, or to promote a common interest; a self-coordinating group.

syndrome / ˈsin-ˌdrōm/ /-dɹəm/ /ˈsɪndɹoʊm/ /ˈsɪndɹəʊm/ syndromes n
syndrome
(pathology) A recognizable pattern of signs, symptoms and/or behaviours, especially of a disease or medical or psychological condition.

synecdoche /sɪˈnɛk.doʊ.ki/ /sɪˈnɛk.də.ki/ synecdoches n
synecdoque
(figure of speech) A figure of speech that uses the name of a part of something to represent the whole, or the whole to represent a part.

synecology synecologies n
synécologie
(ecology) One of two broad subdivisions of ecology (the other being autecology), meaning the study of groups of organisms associated as a unit (essentially a biological community).

synergic more synergic most synergic adj
synergique
Of or pertaining to synergy; synergistic

synergistic more synergistic most synergistic adj
synergique
Of or pertaining to synergy or synergism; synergic; co-operative, working together, interacting, mutually stimulating.

synergize v
synergiser
To act as a synergetic agent.

synergy /ˈsɪnəd͡ʒi/ /ˈsɪnɚd͡ʒi/ synergies n
synergie
(systems theory) A synonym of binding energy.
(pharmacology) The combined action of two or more drugs where the effects are stronger than their mere sum.
(figurative) Benefits resulting from combining different groups, people, objects or processes.

synfibrosis synfibroses n
synfibrose

synizesis synizeses n
synizèse
(poetry) A poetic figure of speech in which two consecutive vowel sounds in the same word are pronounced as a single phoneme so that certain words adhere to a particular poetic meter.
(medicine) An obliteration of the pupil of the eye.
(biology) Dense clumping of chromosomes on one side of the nucleus, sometimes occurring prior to cell division.

synod /ˈsɪn.əd/ synods n
synode
(Christianity) An ecclesiastic council or meeting to consult on church matters.

synoecism /sɪˈniːsɪzəm/ synoecisms n
synœcisme
(Ancient Greece) The unification of towns, tribes etc. under one capital city or polis.

synonym /ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/ synonyms n
synonyme
(semantics, loosely) A word or phrase with a meaning that is the same as, or very similar to, another word or phrase.
(databases) An alternative (often shorter) name defined for an object in a database.

synonymic adj
synonymique
(semantics) Of, relating to, or being a synonym.

synonymous /sɪˈnɑnɪməs/ /sɪˈnɒnɪməs/ adj
synonyme
(construed with with, narrower sense) Having an identical meaning.
(construed with with, broader sense) Having a similar meaning.
(construed with with) Of, or being a synonym.
(genetics, of a SNP) Such that both its forms yield the same sequenced protein.

synonymy /sɪˈnɒnəmi/ synonymies n
synonymie

synopsis /sɪˈnɑpsɪs/ /sɪˈnɒpsɪs/ synopses n
résumé abrégé précis
(authorship) A brief summary of the major points of a written work, either as prose or as a table; an abridgment or condensation of a work.

synoptic more synoptic most synoptic adj
synoptique

synovia /saɪˈnoʊ.vi.ə/ /sɪˈnoʊ.vi.ə/ synovias n
synovie

synovial membrane synovial membranes n
membrane synoviale

syntactic /sɪnˈtæktɪk/ more syntactic most syntactic adj
syntaxique syntactique
Of, related to or connected with syntax.

syntactic salt n
sel syntaxique

syntactic sugar n
sucre syntaxique

syntactically more syntactically most syntactically adv
syntaxiquement
According to the rules of syntax.

syntactician /ˌsɪntækˈtɪʃən/ syntacticians n
syntacticien syntacticienne
An expert in syntax.

syntagma /sɪnˈtæɡmə/ syntagmas syntagmata n
syntagme
(linguistics) A constituent segment within a text, such as a word or a phrase that forms a syntactic unit.
(semiotics) An arrangement of units that together bears a meaning.

syntagmatic more syntagmatic most syntagmatic adj
syntagmatique
Of or pertaining to a syntagma.

syntax /ˈsɪn.tæks/ syntaxes n
syntaxe
A set of rules that govern how words are combined to form phrases and sentences.
(computing, countable) The formal rules of formulating the statements of a computer language.
(linguistics) The study of the structure of phrases, sentences, and language.

syntax highlighting n
coloration syntaxique
(computing) Highlighting of source code with color, boldfacing, etc. to indicate its syntactic structure.

synthesis /ˈsɪnθəsɪs/ syntheses n
synthèse
The formation of something complex or coherent by combining simpler things.
(chemistry) The reaction of elements or compounds to form more complex compounds.
(logic) A deduction from the general to the particular.
(philosophy) The combination of thesis and antithesis.

synthesis gas synthesis gases n
gaz manufacturé
(petrochemistry) The gas obtained by heating coal and steam; coal gas.

synthesize /ˈsɪnθəsaɪz/ v
synthétiser
(transitive, chemistry) To produce a substance by chemical synthesis.
(intransitive, chemistry, of a substance) To be produced by chemical synthesis.

synthesizer /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ˈsɪn.θəˌsaɪ.zɚ/ synthesizers n
synthétiseur
(music) An electronic musical instrument that creates its sounds with electronics and generally is played via a keyboard.

synthetic /sɪnˈθɛtɪk/ more synthetic most synthetic adj
synthétique
Of, or relating to synthesis.
Artificial, not genuine.

synthetic geometry n
géométrie pure géométrie synthétique

synthetically adv
synthétiquement
Using synthetic methods.

syntonic /sɪnˈtɒnɪk/ more syntonic most syntonic adj
syntone
(psychology) In harmony or synergy with one's personality and milieu.
(physics, of oscillating systems) Having the same frequency.

syphilis /ˈsɪfɪlɪs/ n
syphilis
(disease) A disease spread via sexual activity, caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.

syringe /səˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ /sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ syringes n
seringue poire
A device consisting of a hypodermic needle, a chamber for containing liquids, and a piston for applying pressure (to inject) or reducing pressure (to draw); a hypodermic syringe.

syringe /səˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ /sɪˈɹɪnd͡ʒ/ v
seringuer

syrup /ˈsɝ.əp/ /ˈsɪɹ.əp/ syrups n
sirop
Any thick liquid that has a high sugar content and which is added to or poured over food as a flavouring.

syrupy /ˈsɪr.ə.pi/ syrupier syrupiest adj
siropeux
Having the taste or consistency of syrup.

sysadmin sysadmins n
administrateur systèmes
Systems administrator; a person whose job it is to maintain computer or network systems.

sysop /ˈsaɪsˌɒp/ /ˈsɪsˌɒp/ sysops n
sysop

system /ˈsɪstəm/ systems n
système
A collection of organized things; a whole composed of relationships among its members. [from early 17th c.]
(physiology) A set of body organs having a particular function.
(derogatory) Preceded by the word the: the mainstream culture, controlled by the elites or government of a state, or a combination of them, seen as oppressive to the individual.
A method or way of organizing or planning.

system of equations systems of equations n
système d'équations
(mathematics) a set of equations required to be satisfied simultaneously or considered as a whole

systematic /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk/ [ˌsɪs.təˈmæɾ.ɪk] more systematic most systematic adj
systématique
Carried out according to a planned, ordered procedure.
(by extension) Methodical, regular and orderly.
(archaic, or, academic) Of, relating to, or being a system.

systematically /ˌsɪs.təˈmæt.ɪk.li/ more systematically most systematically adv
systématiquement
In an organized manner; utilising a system.

systematization systematizations n
systématisation
The act of systematizing

systematize /ˈsɪstəməˌtaɪz/ v
systématiser
To arrange into a systematic order; to make systematic; to organise as a system

systemic adj
systémique
Embedded within and spread throughout and affecting a whole system, group, body, economy, market, or society.
(physiology) Pertaining to an entire organism.

systemic lupus erythematosus n
lupus lupus érythémateux disséminé
(pathology) A systemic autoimmune disease (or autoimmune connective tissue disease), where the immune system attacks the body's cells and tissue and causes inflammation and tissue damage.

systems analyst systems analysts n
analyste
(computing) A person whose job is to perform systems analysis by being responsible for researching, planning and recommending software and system choices to meet an organization's business requirements.

systems engineering n
ingénierie des systèmes
An interdisciplinary field of engineering, focusing on the development, analysis and organization of complex systems.

systems theory n
systémique
An interdisciplinary field of science which studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society and science, and studies complex parts of reality as systems.
The systematic study of the complex interactions in systems.
approche systémique
A collection of methods on the development and organization of complex systems.

systolic adj
systolique
(maths) Relating to the mathematical concept of a systole

syzygy /ˈsɪz.ɪ.d͡ʒi/ syzygies n
conjonction rencontre
syzygie
(astronomy, astrology) An alignment of three celestial bodies (for example, the Sun, Earth, and Moon) such that one body is directly between the other two, such as occurs at an eclipse.
(Jungian, _, psychology) An archetypal pairing of contrasexual opposites, symbolizing the communication of the conscious and unconscious minds.

séance /ˈseɪˌɑns/ séances n
séance
A ceremony where people try to communicate with the spirits of dead people, usually led by a medium.

ta-da /tə-ˈdɑː/ interjection
tada
Used to present something intended to be impressive, surprising, or pleasing.

tab /tæb/ [tʰæb̥] v
onglet languette
(transitive) To affix with tabs; to label.
note addition ardoise douloureuse onglet tabulation
(computing) To use the Tab key on a computer to advance the cursor or move the input focus, or on a typewriter to advance the carriage.

tabard /ˈtæbɑː(ɹ)d/ tabards n
tabard
A sleeveless jerkin or loose overgarment.

tabbouleh /təˈbuːleɪ/ /təˈbuːli/ tabboulehs n
taboule taboulé
A Middle Eastern salad or meze generally consisting of bulgur wheat, chopped tomatoes, parsley, olive oil and lemon juice.

tabby /ˈtæb.i/ tabbier tabbiest adj
moiré ondé tigré
Brindled; diversified in color.

tabby /ˈtæb.i/ tabbies n
chat tigré tabby
(countable) A brindled cat.

tabernacle /ˈtæbənækl̩/ /ˈtæbɚnækl̩/ tabernacles n
tabernacle
Any temporary dwelling; a hut, tent, or booth.
(Bible) The portable tent used before the construction of the temple, where the shekinah (presence of God) was believed to dwell.
Any portable shrine used in heathen or idolatrous worship.
A sukkah, the booth or 'tabernacle' used during the Jewish Feast of Sukkot.
(Roman Catholicism) A small ornamented cupboard or box used for the reserved sacrament of the Eucharist, normally located in an especially prominent place in a church.

tabla tablas n
tabla
(musical instruments) A pair of tuned hand drums, used in various musical genres of the Indian subcontinent, that are similar to bongos.

tablature /ˈtæblət͡ʃɜ/ tablatures n
tablature
A form of musical notation indicating fingering rather than the pitch of notes, commonly used for stringed instruments.

table /ˈteɪbl̩/ tables n
table
An item of furniture with a flat top surface raised above the ground, usually on one or more legs.
table tableau
A collection of arithmetic calculations arranged in a table, such as multiplications in a multiplication table.
tableau table
A matrix or grid of data arranged in rows and columns.

table /ˈteɪbl̩/ v
mettre la table
(non-US) To put on the table of a commission or legislative assembly; to propose for formal discussion or consideration, to put on the agenda. [from 17th c.]

table hockey n
hockey sur table

table lamp table lamps n
lampe de table
A lamp designed to be used on tables.

table linen table linens n
linge de table

table of contents tables of contents n
table des matières
A list of titles of the parts of a book or document, organized in the order in which the parts appear.

table salt table salts n
sel de table sel
Sodium chloride, the salt most commonly used to season food at the table.

table tennis n
tennis de table ping-pong
A game or sport (similar to tennis) that involves the hitting of a light plastic ball across a table (fashioned like a mini tennis court) by rackets (paddles, bats (Britain)).

table wine table wines n
jaja vin de table
(US) Wine that is not fortified or sparkling.

tablecloth tablecloths n
nappe nappe de table
A cloth used to cover and protect a table, especially for a dining table.

tableland tablelands n
plateau
A relatively flat region of elevated terrain, particularly in reference to surrounding terrain.

tablespoon /ˈteɪbəlˌspun/ /ˈteɪbəlˌspuːn/ [-bɫ̩-] tablespoons n
cuillère à soupe grande cuillère
(Canada, US) A large spoon, used for eating food from a bowl.
cuiller à pot louche
(Australia, New Zealand, Northern, _, UK) A spoon too large for eating, usually used for cooking or serving.
cuillère à soupe
(cooking) A unit of volume, the value of which varies regionally; in the US: three teaspoons or one half fluid ounce or roughly 15 ml; in Britain and Canada: exactly 15 ml; in Russia 18 ml; in Australia: four teaspoons or 20 ml.

tablet computer tablet computers n
tablette tablette tactile ordinateur tablette tablette numérique
(computing) A hand-held portable computer characterized by a tablet form factor and a touchscreen interface.

tabletop adj
de table
Suitable for use on top of a table.

tableware tablewares n
vaisselle couvert
The cutlery, crockery and glassware used in setting a table for a meal.

tabloid /ˈtæ.blɔɪd/ adj
tabloïd tabloïde
In the format of a tabloid.

tabloid /ˈtæ.blɔɪd/ tabloids n
tabloïd tabloïde
(publishing) A newspaper, especially one in this format, that favours stories of a sensational or even fictitious nature over serious news.

taboo /tæˈbuː/ /təˈbuː/ more taboo most taboo adj
tabou taboue
Excluded or forbidden from use, approach or mention.

taboo /tæˈbuː/ /təˈbuː/ taboos n
tabou
An inhibition or ban that results from social custom or emotional aversion.
(in Polynesia) Something which may not be used, approached or mentioned because it is sacred.

tabor tabors n
tambour
A small drum.

tabula rasa /ˈtæbjʊlə ˈɹeɪzə/ /ˈtæbjʊlə ˈɹɑːzə/ tabulae rasae tabulæ rasæ n
tabula rasa
A mind, as of a newborn, free of any impressions, notions, ideas, etc.; a "blank slate".

tabular more tabular most tabular adj
tabellaire tabulaire
organized as a table or list

tabulation /ˌtæbjʊˈleɪʃən/ tabulations n
tabulation
The act or process of tabulating

tabulator tabulators n
tabulatrice
(computing, historical) An early data processing machine that produces printed lists and totals from data on punched cards.

tachistoscope tachistoscopes n
tachistoscope
A device that displays a series of brief images; used by psychologists to investigate perception, memory and learning.

tachocline /ta.ko.klaɪn/ tachoclines n
tachocline

tachograph /ˈtækəɡɹæf/ /ˈtækəɡɹɑːf/ tachographs n
chronotachygraphe mouchard
A device that records the distance and time traveled by a vehicle (especially a truck or coach), used to check the drivers' working time.

tachometer /təˈkɒmətə(ɹ)/ tachometers n
tachymètre compte-tours compte-tour
A device for measuring the revolutions per minute (RPMs) of a revolving shaft, as with the driveshaft of an automobile.
A device for measuring or indicating velocity or speed, as of blood, a river, a machine, etc.

tachycardia /tæ.kɪˈkɑː(ɹ).di.ə/ /tæ.kɪˈkɑːɹ.di.ə/ tachycardias n
tachycardie
(medicine, cardiology) A rapid resting heart rate, especially one above 100 beats per minute. [from 19th c.]

tachygraphy /tæˈkɪɡɹəfi/ /tə-/ n
tachygraphie
The art and practice of rapid writing.
(historical) Stenography or shorthand as done in ancient and medieval times.

tachymeter tachymeters n
tachymètre tachéomètre
A surveying instrument for quickly finding distances.

tachyon /ˈtæki.ɒn/ tachyons n
tachyon
(particle) A hypothetical particle that travels faster than the speed of light.

tachyphagia n
tachyphagie
Excessively rapid eating or bolting of food

tacit /ˈtæsɪt/ more tacit most tacit adj
tacite
Implied, but not made explicit, especially through silence.

tacitly more tacitly most tacitly adv
tacitement
In a tacit manner; done in silence or implied.

taciturn /ˈtæsɪtɜːn/ /ˈtæsɪtɝn/ more taciturn most taciturn adj
taciturne
Silent; temperamentally untalkative; disinclined to speak.

taciturnity taciturnities n
taciturnité
The trait of being taciturn.

tack /tæk/ [tak] tacks n
clou semence petit clou
A small nail with a flat head.
cap
(figurative) A direction or course of action, especially a new one; a method or approach to solving a problem.
virement lof pour lof
(nautical) The distance a sailing vessel runs between these maneuvers when working to windward; a board.
écoute
(nautical) A rope used to hold in place the foremost lower corners of the courses when the vessel is close-hauled; also, a rope employed to pull the lower corner of a studding sail to the boom.
cap harnachement harnais
Any of the various equipment and accessories worn by horses in the course of their use as domesticated animals.
adhérence pégosité
(manufacturing, construction, chemistry) The stickiness of a compound, related to its cohesive and adhesive properties.

tack /tæk/ [tak] v
clouer
To nail with a tack (small nail with a flat head).
louvoyer empiler virer de bord
(nautical) To maneuver a sailing vessel so that its bow turns through the wind, i.e. the wind changes from one side of the vessel to the other.

tackle /ˈtækəl/ [ˈtʰækɫ̩] tackles n
plaquage tacle
(sports, countable) A play where a player attempts to take control over the ball from an opponent, as in rugby or football.

tackle /ˈtækəl/ [ˈtʰækɫ̩] v
affronter combattre
To face or deal with, attempting to overcome or fight down.
tacler
(sports) To attempt to take away a ball.
plaquer
(rugby, American football) To bring a ball carrier to the ground.

tacky /ˈtæki/ tackier tackiest adj
collant
Of a substance, slightly sticky.
quétaine
(colloquial) In poor taste.

taco /ˈteɪkoʊ/ /ˈteɪkəʊ/ /ˈtækəʊ/ /ˈtæɪkəʊ/ /ˈtɐːkəʊ/ /ˈtɑkoʊ/ [ˈtʰako(ː)] [ˈtʰeɪkoʊ] [ˈtʰä(ː)ko(ː)] [ˈtʰɑkoʊ] tacos n
taco
(culinary) A Mexican snack food made of a small tortilla (soft or hard shelled) filled with ingredients such as meat, rice, beans, cheese, diced vegetables and salsa.

tact /tækt/ tacts n
tact
Sensitive mental touch; special skill or faculty; keen perception or discernment; ready power of appreciating and doing what is required by circumstances; the ability to say the right thing. [from early 19th c.]
The sense of touch; feeling. [from 1650s]

tactful /ˈtæktfəl/ more tactful most tactful adj
plein de tact diplomatique
Possessing tact; able to deal with people in a sensitive manner.

tactic /ˈtæktɪk/ tactics n
tactique
A maneuver, or action calculated to achieve some end.

tactical adj
tactique
of or relating to tactics

tactician /tækˈtɪʃən/ tacticians n
tacticien
A person skilled in the planning and execution of tactics.

tactics /ˈtæktɪks/ n
tactique
(military) The military science that deals with achieving the objectives set by strategy.
(military) The employment and ordered arrangement of forces in relation to each other.

tactile /ˈtæktaɪl/ /ˈtæktəl/ more tactile most tactile adj
tactile
Tangible; perceptible to the sense of touch.

tadpole /ˈtædpoʊl/ tadpoles n
têtard
A young toad or frog in its larval stage of development that lives in water, has a tail and no legs, and, like a fish, breathes through gills.

taekwondo /-ˈkwɑn-/ /-ˈkwɒn-/ /ˌtaɪkwɑnˈdoʊ/ /ˌtaɪkwɒnˈdəʊ/ /ˌteɪ-/ n
taekwondo
A martial arts form from Korea, known for its elaborate kicking techniques. The sparring aspect is a recognised Olympic sport.

taekwondoka taekwondokas n
taekwondoka taekwondoïste
(martial arts) A person who is skilled in taekwondo.

tael /teɪl/ taels n
tael
Any of several units of measure used in China and elsewhere in eastern Asia, approximately 40 grams.

taffeta /ˈtæ.fə.tə/ /ˈtæ.fɪ.tə/ taffetas n
taffetas
A crisp, smooth woven fabric made from silk or synthetic fibers.

tafsir /ˈtæfsɪər/ /ˈtɑːfsɪər/ tafasir tafsir tafsirs n
tafsir
(Islam) Grammatical, historical, allegorical or traditional interpretations of the Qur'an.

tag /teɪɡ/ /tæɡ/ tags n
étiquette
A small label.
chat loup
(playground game, uncountable) A children's chasing game in which one player (known as "it") attempts to touch another, who then becomes "it".
balise
(computing) A piece of markup representing an element in a markup language.
attribut
(computing) A keyword, term, or phrase associated with or assigned to data, media, and/or information enabling keyword-based classification; often used to categorize content.

tag /teɪɡ/ /tæɡ/ v
étiqueter
(transitive) To label (something).
To fasten; to attach.
taguer
(transitive) To mark (something) with one's graffiti tag.

tag question tag questions n
question tag question-tag
(grammar) A question inviting the listener to indicate agreement, formed by adding a “tag” word or expression to a statement. For example “You love me, don’t you?”.

tagasaste n
luzerne arborescente tagasaste
Cytisus proliferus, a small evergreen tree commonly used to improve the condition of soils used for farming.

tagger /ˈtæɡə(ɹ)/ taggers n
tagueur
A person who writes graffiti using a specific mark

tagliatelle /ˌtaljəˈtɛli/ /ˌtæljəˈtɛli/ /ˌtɑljəˈtɛli/ tagliatelles n
tagliatelles
Long, flat ribbons of egg pasta, originally from Emilia-Romagna, sliced from a rolled-out sheet.

tahini /tɑːˈhiː.ni/ tahinis n
tahini
(culinary) A paste made from ground sesame seeds, and used to make hummus, baba ghanoush etc.

tai chi /ˌtaɪˈtʃiː/ tai chis n
tai chi
(martial arts) A soft form of martial art developed in China.

taiga /taɪˈɡɑː/ /ˈtaɪɡə/ taigas n
taïga
A subarctic zone of evergreen coniferous forests situated south of the tundras and north of the steppes in the Northern Hemisphere.

taikonaut /ˈtaɪkəˌnɔːt/ taikonauts n
taïkonaute
A person who travels in space for the Chinese space program; a Chinese astronaut. [from 1998.]

tail /teɪl/ tails n
queue empennage
The tail-end of an object, e.g. the rear of an aircraft's fuselage, containing the tailfin.
queue pile
(chiefly, in the plural) The side of a coin not bearing the head; normally the side on which the monetary value of the coin is indicated; the reverse.

tail between one's legs phraseologicalUnit
la queue entre les jambes
Defeated; in a cowardly or miserable manner.

tailback tailbacks n
embouteillage
(UK) A line of motor vehicles causing or the result of traffic congestion or a traffic jam.

tailcoat /ˈteɪlkoʊt/ tailcoats n
frac queue-de-pie
A formal evening jacket with an extended back panel; a dress coat.

tailed /teɪld/ adj
caudate
(often, in combination) Having a tail.

tailgate /ˈteɪlˌɡeɪt/ tailgates n
hayon
(automotive) A hinged board or hatch at the rear of a vehicle that can be lowered for loading and unloading.
porte vantail
Either of the downstream gates in a canal lock.

tailgate /ˈteɪlˌɡeɪt/ v
coller coller au cul coller au train coller aux basques
(automotive, intransitive, transitive) To drive dangerously close behind another vehicle.

tailgut tailguts n
attache cordier
(music, lutherie) A cord which loops through the tailpiece and around the endpin of stringed musical instruments, and which is held at tension by a knot to secure the tailpiece to the body, traditionally made only of gut but now also made of nylon, wire and other synthetic materials.

tailings n
débris
(mining) The waste that remains after the minerals have been extracted from an ore by ore dressing.

taillight taillights n
feu arrière
One of a pair of red lights mounted on the rear of a vehicle, so it can be seen from the rear at night.

tailor /ˈteɪlə/ /ˈteɪlɚ/ tailors n
tailleur tailleuse
A person who makes, repairs, or alters clothes professionally, especially suits and men's clothing.

tailor /ˈteɪlə/ /ˈteɪlɚ/ v
adapter
(transitive) To restrict (something) in order to meet a particular need.

tailor's chalk tailor's chalks tailors' chalks n
craie de tailleur craie de couturière
A chalk-like material used for marking alterations on fabric in tailoring and dressmaking. The marks are brushed or washed off the material when no longer needed.

tailored adj
sur-mesure
Adjusted by a tailor, fitted.

tailoress tailoresses n
tailleuse
(dated) a female tailor

tailpiece tailpieces n
cordier
(music, lutherie) An element, often triangular, to which the strings of a violin, guitar, etc. are attached at the lower end of an instrument.

tailpipe /ˈteɪlpaɪp/ tailpipes n
pot d'échappement
(automotive) An exhaust pipe exhausting to the aft of the vehicle

tails /teɪlz/ n
pile
The side of a coin that doesn't bear the picture of the head of state or similar.

tailspin tailspins n
vrille
(aviation) The rapid, uncontrollable descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral.
chute libre
(figuratively) Any sharp, sustained, often uncontrollable descent or decline.

tailspin v
tomber en vrille
Of an aircraft: to go into a rapid, uncontrollable descent in a steep spiral.

tailwind /ˈteɪlwɪnd/ tailwinds n
vent en poupe
(nautical, physics) A wind that blows in the same direction as the course taken by an aircraft, sailing ship, bird, etc.

taint /teɪnt/ taints n
contamination moisissure souillure
A contamination, decay or putrefaction, especially in food.
souillure tache
A mark of disgrace, especially on one's character; blemish.

tajine /tæˈd͡ʒiːn/ /tɑˈd͡ʒin/ /təˈʒin/ /təˈʒiːn/ tajines n
tagine tajine
(by extension) A stew, originally from Morocco, the ingredients of which are traditionally cooked slowly in such a pot; the dish is normally served with couscous.

taka /ˈtɑːkə/ takas n
taka
The official currency of Bangladesh, equal to 100 paisas. Symbol: ৳

takbir takbirs n
takbîr
(Islam) A proclamation of the greatness of God, "Allahu akbar".

take /teɪk/ /teːk/ /tæɪk/ [teːk] [tɛːk] [tʰeɪ̯k] takes n
prise
The or an act of taking.
(film) A scene recorded (filmed) at one time, without an interruption or break; a recording of such a scene.

take /teɪk/ /teːk/ /tæɪk/ [teːk] [tɛːk] [tʰeɪ̯k] v
prendre
(transitive) To get into one's hands, possession, or control, with or without force.
(transitive) To select or choose; to pick.
(transitive, of a path, road, etc.) To lead (to a place); to serve as a means of reaching.
(transitive) To derive (as a title); to obtain from a source.
(transitive) To captivate or charm; to gain or secure the interest or affection of.
(transitive, of a material) To absorb or be impregnated by (dye, ink, etc.); to be susceptible to being treated by (polish, etc.).
(transitive) To fill or require: to last or expend (an amount of time).
(transitive, baseball) To decline to swing at (a pitched ball); to refrain from hitting at, and allow to pass.
(intransitive) To get or accept (something) into one's possession.
prendre forcer violer
(transitive) To have sex with.
emporter transporter
(transitive, especially of a vehicle) To transport or carry; to convey to another place.
endurer supporter
(transitive) To submit to; to endure (without ill humor, resentment, or physical failure).
emmener prendre
(transitive) To assume or suppose; to reckon; to regard or consider.

take French leave v
filer à l’anglaise
(intransitive) Synonym of slip out, to leave suddenly without notice or permission.

take a break v
prendre une passe
To have a short rest period in one's work, studies, or other activities (This entry is a translation hub.)

take a breather v
souffler
(idiomatic) To take a break; to pause or relax briefly.

take a dip v
faire trempette se tremper

take a leaf out of someone's book v
en prendre de la graine prendre exemple
(idiomatic) To adopt an idea or practice of another person.

take a look v
jeter un coup d'œil jeter un œil
(idiomatic, intransitive) To examine or observe.

take a picture v
prendre en photo
(idiomatic) To photographically capture an image
tu veux ma photo?
(informal) Used as a rebuke to someone perceived to be staring at one. Also take a picture, it'll last longer.

take a powder v
prendre la poudre d'escampette
(idiomatic, US, colloquial) To leave without saying goodbye; leave quietly, run away; scram; depart without taking leave or notifying anyone, often with a connotation of avoiding something unpleasant or shirking responsibility.

take a risk v
courir le risque prendre un risque
(idiomatic) To do something risky.

take a seat v
prendre un siège
To sit down; to become seated, to sit.

take a step back v
prendre de la distance prendre de la hauteur prendre du recul

take a wife v
prendre femme
(idiomatic, dated, of a man) To marry a woman.

take action v
passer à l'acte
To act; to act positively and decisively to resolve a problem.

take advantage v
tirer profit
(intransitive) To profit from a situation deliberately.

take advantage of v
profiter de
To use or make use of.

take after v
ressembler tenir de
To resemble (a parent or ancestor) in appearance or habit.

take at face value v
prendre pour argent comptant

take attendance v
prendre les présences

take away v
retirer
To remove something, either material or abstract, so that a person no longer has it.

take back v
retirer
(transitive) To retract or withdraw (an earlier statement).
ramener
(transitive) To cause (someone) to remember some past event or time.
reprendre récupérer
(transitive) To regain possession of (something).
remporter retourner
(transitive) To return (something) to a vendor for a refund.

take by storm /ˌteɪk baɪ ˈstɔːm/ /ˌteɪk baɪ ˈstɔːɹm/ v
prendre d'assaut
(transitive, idiomatic) To rapidly gain great popularity in (a place).

take care interjection
prends soin de toi prenez soin de vous
(when leaving) good-bye (literally, take care of yourself)

take care v
faire attention soucier
(intransitive) To be cautious, careful or prudent.
prendre soin
(intransitive) To mind, or be in charge of something.

take care of v
soigner prendre soin de s'occuper de
(transitive) To look after, to provide care for.
s'occuper de
(transitive) To deal with, handle.

take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves proverb
les petits ruisseaux font les grandes rivières
If one takes care of little things one at a time, they can add up to big things.

take control v
prendre en charge prendre la direction prendre les rênes
To assume control, to gain power over someone or something.

take delivery v
prendre livraison

take down v
décrocher
To remove something from a wall or similar vertical surface to which it is fixed.
dépendre
To remove something from a hanging position.
noter
To write down as a note, especially to record something spoken.
démonter
To remove a temporary structure such as scaffolding.
baisser
To lower an item of clothing without removing it.

take effect v
agir faire effet
(of a drug, etc.) To become active; to become effective.

take exception v
s'offusquer (de) se formaliser (de)
(transitive with to) To take offense; to object or protest.
désapprouver (quelque chose) ne pas être d'accord (avec quelque chose)
To object to; to disagree with.

take flight v
prendre la fuite prendre son envol prendre son vol s'envoler
(idiomatic) To begin flying; to become airborne or aloft; to take off and fly

take for v
confondre prendre
To consider mistakenly.

take for a ride v
mener en bateau
(transitive) To deceive someone.

take for granted v
prendre pour acquis
(transitive, of a thing) To assume something to be true without verification or proof.
prendre pour acquis tenir pour acquis
(transitive, idiomatic, especially of a person) To give little attention to or to underestimate the value of; to fail to appreciate, especially something one has grown heavily accustomed to; not to value or care for appropriately, out of the assumption that the person or thing not valued cannot be lost.

take heart /ˌteɪk ˈhɑɹt/ /ˌteɪk ˈhɑːt/ interjection
courage

take hostage v
prendre en otage
(transitive) To take custody or possession of a person as security for performance against a treaty, a pledge, or a demand, especially now an extra-legal demand; to take as hostage.

take in /ˈteɪkɪn/ v
absorber assimiler
(transitive) To absorb or comprehend.
duper rouler
To deceive; to hoodwink.

take into account v
tenir compte considérer prendre en compte

take into consideration v
prendre en compte prendre en considération tenir compte de

take it easy v
allez-y doucement allons-y doucement vas-y doucement y aller doucement
(idiom) To relax or rest.

take it from me v
c'est moi qui te le dis c'est moi qui vous le dis
Believe me; rest assured.

take it or leave it phraseologicalUnit
à prendre ou à laisser
(idiomatic) Denoting that a situation has to be accepted without change, or rejected outright.

take it out on v
passer ses nerfs sur
(idiomatic) To unleash one's anger on (a person or thing other than the one that caused it). Synonym: look for a dog to kick

take it up the ass v
prendre dans le cul se faire enculer
(US, vulgar, idiomatic) To be the recipient of anal sex.
se faire enculer
(US, vulgar, idiomatic) To be cheated or treated unfairly.

take its toll v
faire des ravages
(idiomatic, often followed by on) To affect something, especially negatively; to damage or degrade; to cause harm or destruction.

take liberties v
prendre la liberté
(idiomatic) To act on one's own authority, without asking for permission.
prendre des libertés
(idiomatic) To behave disrespectfully, especially to make unwanted sexual advances.

take lightly v
prendre à la légère
(idiomatic, transitive, chiefly in the negative) To treat casually, without seriousness or worry.

take lying down v
accepter sans broncher accepter sans protester accepter sans rien dire
(transitive) To endure without complaint or protest.

take no prisoners v
ne pas faire de cadeaux ne pas faire de prisonniers
(idiomatic) To be uncompromising.

take off v
enlever ôter
(transitive) To remove.
décoller prendre son essor prendre son vol
(intransitive, of an aircraft or spacecraft) To leave the ground and begin flight; to ascend into the air.
décoller s'arracher
(intransitive) To depart.

take offense v
offenser
To feel (and usually to show) resentment at another's actions or words.

take office v
entrer en fonction
To start working at an official appointment to some office.

take one day at a time v
vivre au jour le jour

take one's business elsewhere v
aller voir ailleurs changer de crémerie

take one's leave v
dire adieu faire ses adieux prendre congé
say goodbye

take one's pick v
faire son choix
(idiomatic) To choose; to select.

take one's time v
prendre son temps
(intransitive, idiomatic) To go about something slowly and carefully or at one's own pace.
(intransitive, idiomatic) To take more time to do something than is considered acceptable.

take out v
sortir supprimer
(idiom) To immobilize with force; to subdue; to incapacitate.

take out of context v
décontextualiser
(idiomatic, transitive) To report (something) without taking into account the context in which it occurred.

take out the trash v
sortir les poubelles
Often used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see take out,‎ trash.

take over v
reprendre
To assume control of something, especially by force; to usurp.
assumer
To adopt a further responsibility or duty.
remplacer
To relieve someone temporarily.

take part v
participer prendre part
(idiomatic, intransitive, with "in") To participate or join.

take place v
avoir lieu se dérouler
(intransitive) To happen or to occur.

take pleasure v
prendre du plaisir
(transitive with in) To have enjoyment.

take point v
passer devant
(military) To assume the first and most exposed position in a formation in combat; to serve as the lead soldier or unit advancing through hostile or unsecured territory.

take possession v
prendre possession

take revenge v
venger
To avenge; to get back at.

take root v
raciner prendre racine
(intransitive, literally) To grow roots into soil.
enraciner
(intransitive, figuratively) To become established, to take hold.

take seriously v
prendre au sérieux
(transitive) To consider (something /what somebody is saying) important and meaningful.

take shape v
prendre forme
(intransitive, often, figurative) To take a definite form.

take sides v
prendre parti
(idiomatic) To ally oneself with a given opinion, agenda or group; to support one side or viewpoint in a competition or confrontation.

take someone at their word v
prendre au mot prendre au pied de la lettre prendre au sérieux
(transitive) To take someone literally even though they may not have been serious; to take someone seriously even though they were joking; to take up a challenge that was initially meant as a joke.
croire sur parole
(transitive) To take someone's word for it, to believe someone without having the means to check that what they said is true.

take someone's breath away v
couper le souffle

take someone's life v
coûter la vie ôter la vie

take someone's word for it v
croire sur parole
(idiomatic) To believe what someone claims, especially without checking or verifying for oneself.

take something as it comes v
prendre les choses comme elles viennent
(idiomatic) To accept and deal with something (an event, etc.) as it occurs, with a composed state of mind.

take steps v
prendre des mesures
To initiate a course of action, often against something that one disapproves of.

take the bait v
mordre à l'hameçon
(figuratively) To be lured by an offer, flattery, or a provocation into doing something, especially something disadvantageous or dubious.

take the bull by the horns v
prendre le taureau par les cornes
(idiomatic) To deal with a matter in a direct manner, especially to confront a difficulty rather than avoid it.

take the cloth v
prendre l'habit

take the floor v
prendre la parole

take the law into one's own hands v
se faire justice soi-même
(intransitive, idiomatic) To punish someone according to one's own idea of justice, without consideration for the role of law enforcement authorities.

take the lead /ˌteɪk ðə ˈliːd/ v
ouvrir la marche passer en tête
(idiomatic) To become the leader, to advance into first place.
prendre le commandement
(idiomatic) To assume leadership over a group.

take the liberty v
prendre la liberté
(idiomatic) To act on one's own authority, without asking for permission.

take the piss v
foutage de gueule se foutre de la gueule
To subject those present to teasing, ridicule or mockery, or to show contempt.

take the plunge v
franchir le pas sauter le pas se jeter à l'eau se lancer
(idiomatic) To begin any major commitment.

take the rough with the smooth v
prendre les choses comme elles viennent

take the veil v
prendre le voile

take the wheel v
prendre le volant
To be in control of the steering wheel of a vehicle or a vessel.

take the words out of someone's mouth v
arracher les mots de la bouche enlever les mots de la bouche ôter les mots de la bouche

take time v
prendre du temps
To require a comparatively long period of time.
prendre de son temps prendre le temps
To volunteer to spend one's time (for a purpose or beneficiary).

take to heart v
prendre à cœur
(idiomatic) To take something seriously; to internalize or live according to something (e.g. advice.)
(idiomatic) To feel keenly; be greatly grieved at; be much affected by something.

take to one's heels v
prendre ses jambes à son cou
(idiomatic) To leave, especially to flee or run away.

take to the skies v
prendre l'air

take turns v
faire quelque chose à tour de rôle se relayer
(intransitive) Of two or more people, to do the same thing one after another, taking one another's place alternately.

take up arms v
prendre les armes

take up the gauntlet v
relever le gant
(idiomatic) To accept a challenge.

take up the hatchet v
déterrer la hache de guerre
(idiom, archaic) To declare war or go to war.

take up the slack v
prendre la relève prendre le relais reprendre le flambeau
To do work that would otherwise be left undone.

take-home pay n
salaire net
The net earnings of a salary or wage earner.

takeaway /ˈteɪkəweɪ/ takeaways n
plat à emporter
(chiefly, UK, Australia, South Africa, and, New Zealand) A restaurant that sells food to be eaten elsewhere.

taken aback more taken aback most taken aback adj
décontenancé pris de court surpris
(figuratively) Surprised, shocked.

takeoff takeoffs n
décollage
The rising or ascent of an aircraft or rocket into flight.

takeout adj
à emporter
(North America) (Of food) intended to be eaten off the premises from which it was bought.

takeout takeouts n
plat à emporter vente à emporter
(North America, Philippines) Food purchased from a takeaway.

takeover takeovers n
acquisition prise de contrôle
(economics) The purchase of one company by another; a merger without the formation of a new company, especially where some stakeholders in the purchased company oppose the purchase.

takeover bid takeover bids n
OPA offre publique d'achat
(British) An attempt to buy a controlling share in a business.

talapoin talapoins n
talapoin
A monkey from one of two species of Old World monkeys, of the genus Miopithecus, distinguished by a short-snouted head with a hairless face.

talaria /təˈleɹiə/ /təˈlɛɹiə/ /təˈlɛːɹɪə/ n
talonnières
(Greek mythology, Roman mythology) The winged sandals worn by certain gods and goddesses, especially the Roman god Mercury (and his Greek counterpart Hermes).

talc /tælk/ talcs n
talc
(obsolete) Originally a large range of transparent or glistening foliated minerals. Examples include mica, selenite and the hydrated magnesium silicate that the term talc generally has referred to in modern times (see below). Also an item made of such a mineral and depending for its function on the special nature of the mineral (see next). Mediaeval writers adopted the term from the Arabic.
A soft mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate, that has a soapy feel and a greenish, whitish, or grayish color, and usually occurs in foliated masses.

talc /tælk/ v
talquer
(transitive) To apply talc to.

tale /ˈteɪl/ tales n
conte
A rehearsal of what has occurred; narrative; discourse; statement; history; story.

talent /ˈtalənt/ /ˈtælənt/ talents n
talent
A marked natural ability or skill. [from 15th c.]
(historical) A unit of weight and money used in ancient times in Greece, the Roman Empire, and the Middle East, equal to about 30 to 60 kg in various times and places. [from 9th c.]
(business, media, sports) People of talent, viewed collectively; a talented person. [from 19th c.]

talent scout talent scouts n
chasseur de têtes
A person who locates and recruits talented people in a specific field, especially in entertainment or sports.

talented /ˈtæləntɪd/ more talented most talented adj
talentueux doué
Endowed with one or more talents.

talisman /ˈtæl.ɪsˌmæn/ /ˈtæl.ɪz.mən/ talismans n
talisman
A magical object providing protection against ill will, or the supernatural, or conferring the wearer with a boon such as good luck, good health, or power(s).

talismanic /ˌtælɪzˈmænɪk/ more talismanic most talismanic adj
talismanique
Of, relating to, or like, a talisman.

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] talks n
discussion
A conversation or discussion; usually serious, but informal.
conférence
A lecture.
discours
(preceded by the; often qualified by a following of) A major topic of social discussion.
négociations pourparlers
(usually, in the plural) Meeting to discuss a particular matter.

talk /toːk/ /tɑk/ /tɔk/ /tɔʊ̯k/ /tɔːk/ [tʰak] [tʰäk] [tʰɑk] v
parler bavarder entretenir
(intransitive) To communicate, usually by means of speech.

talk back v
ramener sa gueule
(idiomatic, intransitive, often, with to + d.o.) To reply impertinently or rudely; to answer in a cheeky or rude manner.

talk down v
marchander
(transitive, idiomatic) To negotiate a lower price.
prendre de haut
(transitive, aviation) Of ground control: to verbally assist someone to land an aircraft.

talk is cheap proverb
c'est facile de parler un con qui marche va plus loin qu'un intellectuel assis
(idiomatic) It is easy to make boastful or unrealistic statements which are not backed by actions or evidence.

talk like a book /tɑk-/ /ˌtɔk laɪk‿ə ˈbʊk/ /ˌtɔːk laɪk‿ə ˈbʊk/ v
parler comme un livre
(simile, informal) To talk pedantically, or using excessively difficult or literary words.

talk out of turn v
parler hors de propos
(idiomatic) To make a remark or provide information when it is inappropriate or indiscreet to do so, or when one does not have permission or the authority to do so.

talk shop v
parler boutique
(intransitive, informal) To discuss one's work, business or profession.

talk show talk shows n
talk-show débat télévisé
(broadcasting) A television or radio programme in which a host converses on various topics with guests who may be experts, celebrities, or members of the listening or viewing audience.

talk someone's ear off v
rebattre les oreilles
(slang) To talk to someone excessively, or far more than is wanted or appreciated.

talk through one's hat v
parler à tort et à travers parler à travers son chapeau
(idiomatic) To speak lacking expertise, authority, or knowledge; to invent or fabricate facts.

talk to a brick wall v
parler à un mur

talk to oneself v
parler aux anges parler dans le vide parler tout seul
(idiomatic) To say one's thoughts aloud, particularly while also not conversing with anyone else.

talk to the hand v
parle à ma main
(colloquial, US, AAVE, mostly, sarcastic) Used to dismiss another person's argument by indicating that one is not prepared to hear or read anything further from that person. It is often used while simultaneously holding up the hand with the palm facing the speaker.

talkative /ˈtɑːkədɪv/ /ˈtɔːkətɪv/ more talkative most talkative adj
loquace bavard
Tending to talk a lot.

talkativeness n
loquacité
The state of being talkative.

talkie /ˈtɔːki/ talkies n
film parlant
(informal, dated, or, historical) A movie with sound, as opposed to a silent film.

tall /tɑl/ /tɔl/ /tɔːl/ [tʰoːɫ] taller tallest adj
grand haut
(of a person) Having a vertical extent greater than the average. For example, somebody with a height of over 6 feet would generally be considered to be tall.
haut
(of a building, etc.) Having its top a long way up; having a great vertical (and often greater than horizontal) extent; high.

tall order /ˈtɔl ˈɔɹdɚ/ /ˈtɔːl ˈɔːdə/ [ˈtɔl ˈɔɹɾɚ] tall orders n
la croix et la bannière
(originally, US, idiomatic) A big job; a difficult challenge.

tall tale /tɔl ˈteɪl/ /tɔːl ˈteɪl/ tall tales n
galéjade histoire à dormir debout
(idiomatic) A tale or story which is fantastic and greatly exaggerated; also, an account of questionable veracity; a lie, an untruth.

tallow /ˈtæləʊ/ tallows n
suif
A hard animal fat obtained from suet, etc.; used in cooking as well as to make candles, soap and lubricants.

tally /ˈtæli/ tallies n
marque
(by extension) Any account or score kept by notches or marks, whether on wood or paper, or in a book, especially one kept in duplicate.

tally stick tally sticks n
bâton de comptage bâton de taille
(historical) A bone, or piece of wood, on which notches or scores are cut, as the marks of number, for account keeping.

talon /ˈtælən/ talons n
griffe serre
A sharp, hooked claw of a bird of prey or other predatory animal.

tamandua /təˈmænduə/ /təˌmænduˈɑ/ tamanduas n
tamandua
An anteater of the genus Tamandua.

tamaraw tamaraw tamaraws n
tamarau
A small, dark brown, hoofed buffalo, Bubalus mindorensis, found only on Mindoro in the Philippines.

tamarillo tamarillos n
tamarillo tomate en arbre
A small tree or shrub (Solanum betaceum syn. Cyphomandra betacea) which bears edible fruits.
A fruit of that tree.

tamarin /ˈtæməɹɪn/ tamarins n
tamarin
One of a family of squirrel-sized South American monkeys.

tamarind /ˈtæməɹɪnd/ tamarinds n
tamarinier tamarin
(botany) A tropical tree, Tamarindus indica.
tamarin
(culinary) The fruit of this tree; the pulp is used as spice in Asian cooking and in Worcestershire sauce.

tamarisk /ˈtæmərɪsk/ tamarisks n
tamaris
Any of several shrubs, of the genus Tamarix, native to arid regions in Eurasia and Africa, often invasive in other arid regions.

tambour /ˈtæmbʊə(ɹ)/ tambours n
tambour
(sport) In real tennis, a buttress-like obstruction in the main wall.

tambourine /ˌtæm.bəˈɹiːn/ tambourines n
tambourin tambour de basque
A percussion instrument consisting of a small, usually wooden, hoop closed on one side with a drum frame and featuring jingling metal disks on the tread; it is most often held in the hand and shaken rhythmically; by extension, any frame drum.

tame /teɪm/ tamer tamest adj
apprivoisé
Not or no longer wild; domesticated.

tame /teɪm/ v
apprivoiser dompter domestiquer
(transitive) To make (an animal) tame; to domesticate.

tameness tamenesses n
mansuétude
(uncountable) The state or quality of being tame.

tamer /ˈteɪmɚ/ tamers n
dompteur dresseur dresseuse
One who tames or subdues.

tamp /tæmp/ v
compacter tasser
To drive in or pack down by frequent gentle strokes

tamper /ˈtæm.pə(ɹ)/ tampers n
tasse-braise
A tool used to tamp something down, such as tobacco in a pipe.

tamper /ˈtæm.pə(ɹ)/ v
bidouiller bricoler trafiquer tripoter
(intransitive) To make unauthorized or improper alterations, sometimes causing deliberate damage; to meddle (with something).

tampon [ˈtʰæmpɑn] [ˈtʰæmpɒn] tampons n
tampon
A plug of cotton or other absorbent material inserted into a body cavity or wound to absorb fluid, especially one inserted in the vagina during menstruation.

tan /tæn/ tanner tannest adj
bronzé hâlé
Having dark skin as a result of exposure to the sun or an artificial process intended to mimic this effect.

tan /tæn/ tans n
bronzage hâle
A darkening of the skin resulting from exposure to sunlight or similar light sources.
tan
The bark of an oak or other tree from which tannic acid is obtained.

tan /tæn/ v
bronzer
(transitive, intransitive) To change to a tan colour due to exposure to the sun.
tanner
(transitive, stative) To change an animal hide into leather by soaking it in tannic acid. To work as a tanner.

tanbur tanburs n
tanbour
(music) In classical Turkish music, a long-necked, fretted, plucked lute, or various similar lutes of West and Central Asia.

tandem /ˈtæn.dəm/ [ˈtɛən.dəm] tandems n
tandem
(transferred sense) A bicycle or tricycle in which two people sit one behind the other, both able to pedal but only the person in front able to steer. [from late 19th c.]

tandoor /tænˈdʊə(ɹ)/ /tɑːnˈdʊə(ɹ)/ tandoors n
tandoor
A cylindrical clay oven used, in the cuisine of the Caucasus, Middle East, and Indian subcontinent, to make flat bread, or to cook meat.

tang /teɪŋ/ /tʰæŋ/ tangs n
saveur piquante
A strong or offensive taste; especially, a taste of something extraneous to the thing itself.
queue
A projecting part of an object by means of which it is secured to a handle, or to some other part.
The part of a sword blade to which the handle is fastened.

tangent /ˈtæn.d͡ʒənt/ tangents n
tangente
(music) A small metal blade in a clavichord that strikes the strings to produce sound.

tangent plane tangent planes n
plan tangent
(differential geometry) The plane passing through a given point which contains the tangent lines of all the curves on a surface passing through that same point.

tangerine /ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/ adj
mandarine
Of a deep yellowish-orange colour.

tangerine /ˈtæn.d͡ʒəˌɹiːn/ tangerines n
mandarine tangerine
A deep yellowish-orange colour, like that of a tangerine fruit.
mandarinier tangerinier
A tree that produces tangerines.

tangible /ˈtænd͡ʒəbəl/ /ˈtænd͡ʒɪb(ə)l/ more tangible most tangible adj
tangible palpable
Touchable; able to be touched or felt; perceptible by the sense of touch.

tangible asset tangible assets n
actif corporel immobilisation corporelle

tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡl̩/ tangles n
imbroglio
A tangled twisted mass.

tangle /ˈtæŋ.ɡl̩/ v
emmêler enchevêtrer compliquer
(transitive) To mix together or intertwine.
(intransitive) To become mixed together or intertwined.

tango /ˈtæŋɡoʊ/ /ˈtæŋɡəʊ/ tangoes tangos n
tango
A standard ballroom dance in 4/4 time; or a social dance, the Argentine tango.

tangram /ˈtænˌɡɹæm/ tangrams n
tangram
A Chinese puzzle made of a square that is cut up into different triangular pieces which can then be reassembled to make designs.

tangy /ˈtæŋiː/ tangier tangiest adj
piquant
having a sharp, pungent flavor

tank /tæŋk/ [ˈtɛəŋk] tanks n
tank réservoir citerne bonbonne bouteille
A closed container for liquids or gases.
réservoir cuve aquarium
An open container or pool for storing water or other liquids.
réservoir citerne
The fuel reservoir of a vehicle.
tank char de combat char d'assaut char
An armoured fighting vehicle, armed with a gun designed for direct fire, and moving on caterpillar tracks.

tank /tæŋk/ [ˈtɛəŋk] v
dégringoler
To fail or fall (often used in describing the economy or the stock market); to degenerate or decline rapidly; to plummet.

tank car tank cars n
wagon-citerne
(rail) A railroad car or rolling stock designed to transport liquids or gases.

tank destroyer tank destroyers n
chasseur de chars

tank wagon tank wagons n
wagon-citerne
(US) A vehicle designed to transport liquids or gases in bulk; a tanker

tankard /ˈtæŋkəd/ /ˈtæŋkɚd/ tankards n
chope
A large drinking vessel, sometimes of pewter, sometimes with a glass base, with one handle and often a hinged cover.Tankard

tanker /ˈtæŋkə(ɹ)/ tankers n
tanker navire-citerne pétrolier
camion-citerne
(automotive, UK) A fuel tanker, petrol tanker, road tanker.
tankiste
(military) Member of a tank crew, or of an armoured unit.

tanker aircraft tanker aircraft n
avion ravitailleur

tankette tankettes n
chenillette
(military, historical) An early, very small, lightly armoured tank, with a crew of one or two, equipped with machine guns.

tankful tankfuls tanksful n
plein réservoir
The amount (usually of a fluid) that will fill a tank.

tanned more tanned most tanned adj
bronzé
Having a suntan.

tanner /ˈtænɚ/ tanners n
tanneur
A person whose occupation is to tan hides, or convert them into leather by the use of tan.

tannery /ˈtænəɹi/ tanneries n
mégisserie tannerie
A place where people tan hides to make leather.

tannic adj
tannique
Pertaining to, containing, or obtained from tannin.

tannic acid tannic acids n
acide tannique
(chemistry) Any of various complex phenols extracted from the bark or galls of trees; used in tanning.

tannin /ˈtænɪn/ tannins n
tanin
(chemistry) Tannic acid or any of its derivatives.

tanning bed tanning beds n
banc solaire
A device emitting ultraviolet radiation used to produce a cosmetic suntan.

tanning salon tanning salons n
solarium
A business renting use of tanning beds to darken skin, especially in colder climates.

tansy /ˈtanzi/ /ˈtæn.zi/ tansies n
barbotine tanaisie
A herbaceous plant with yellow flowers, of the genus Tanacetum, especially Tanacetum vulgare.

tantalite /ˈtæntl̩aɪt/ tantalites n
tantalite
(mineral) A dark-brown mineral that is an ore of tantalum and niobium, of the chemical formula (Fe, Mn) Ta2O6.

tantalize /ˈtæntəlaɪz/ v
tantaliser tenter

tantalizing more tantalizing most tantalizing adj
alléchant
Teasing; tempting, especially that which is beyond reach.

tantalum /ˈtæntələm/ tantalums n
tantale
A chemical element (symbol Ta) with atomic number 73: a rare, hard, blue-gray, lustrous transition metal that is highly corrosion-resistant.

tantamount /ˈtæntəˌmaʊnt/ more tantamount most tantamount adj
équivalent
Equivalent in meaning or effect; amounting to the same thing in practical terms, even if being technically distinct.

tantric /ˈtæntɹɪk/ adj
tantrique
Related to Vajrayana Buddhism.

tantrism n
tantrisme
tantric beliefs and practices generally

tantrum /ˈtæn.tɹəm/ tantrums n
caprice excès de colère
An often childish display or fit of bad temper.

tanwin tanwins n
tanwin
nunation in Arabic

tanzanite /ˈtænzənaɪt/ /ˈtænzəˌnaɪt/ tanzanites n
tanzanite
A trichroic violet-blue variety of the mineral zoisite mined in Tanzania, used as a gemstone. [from 1968]

tap /tæp/ /tɐːp/ [tʰæp] taps n
bouchon
A tapering cylindrical peg or pin used to close and open the hole or vent in a container.
dérivation
(Britain, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering) A connection made to an electrical or fluid conductor without breaking it; a tapping.
robinet champlure
A hollow device used to control the flow of a fluid, such as an alcoholic beverage from a cask, or a gas or liquid in a pipe.
taraud
(mechanics) A cylindrical tool used to cut an internal screw thread in a hole, with cutting edges around the lower end and an upper end to which a handle is fitted to turn the tool.

tap /tæp/ /tɐːp/ [tʰæp] v
mettre sur écoute
(communication, chiefly, law enforcement) To connect a listening and/or recording device to (a communication cable or device) in order to listen in secretly on telephone calls or other communications; also, to secretly listen in on and/or record (a telephone call or other communication). [from 19th c.]
tarauder
To cut an internal screw thread in (a hole); also, to cut (an internal screw thread) in a hole, or to create an internally threaded hole in (something).
tirer
To draw off (a liquid) from a container or other source; also, to draw off a liquid from (a container or other source).
To break into or open up (a thing) so as to obtain something; to exploit, to penetrate.
taper
(slang, vulgar) To have sexual intercourse with (someone).
tapoter
(combat, _, sports) To force (an opponent) to submit, chiefly by indicating their intention to do so by striking a hand on the ground several times; to tap out.
(combat, _, sports) To submit to an opponent, chiefly by indicating an intention to do so by striking a hand on the ground several times; to tap out.

tap dance tap dances n
claquettes
A rhythmic dance in which the heels and toes of the dancer's shoes make a series of clicks

tap water n
eau du robinet
Water that has come from a tap.

tapas /-pəs/ /ˈtæpæs/ /ˈtæpəs/ /ˈtɑː-/ n
tapas
A variety of Spanish small savoury food items or snacks such as croquettes, cured meat, potato salad, and seafood, originally served with sherry and now often with other alcoholic beverages as well.

tape /teɪ̯p/ [tʰeɪ̯p] tapes n
bande ruban
Magnetic or optical recording media in a roll; videotape or audio tape.

tape /teɪ̯p/ [tʰeɪ̯p] v
scotcher
To bind with adhesive tape.

tape dispenser tape dispensers n
distributeur de ruban
A device used to hold and dispense adhesive tape, typically with a cutting edge to facilitate tearing.

tape measure tape measures n
mètre ruban ruban à mesurer
A graduated flexible ribbon used for measuring lengths.

tape recorder tape recorders n
magnétophone magnéto
(sound engineering) An electromechanical device use to record and play back sound, etc.

taper /ˈteɪpə/ /ˈteɪpɚ/ tapers n
chandelle
A slender wax candle.
conicité effilage
A cone-shaped item for stretching the hole for an ear gauge (piercing).

taper /ˈteɪpə/ /ˈteɪpɚ/ v
rétrécir
(transitive) To make thinner or narrower at one end.

taper off /ˈteɪpə ɒf/ /ˈteɪpɚ ɔf/ v
estomper
(idiomatic) To diminish or lessen gradually; to become smaller, slower, quieter, etc.

tapestry /ˈtæpəstɹi/ tapestries n
tapisserie
A heavy woven cloth, often with decorative pictorial designs, normally hung on walls.

tapeworm /ˈteɪpˌwɝm/ tapeworms n
ver solitaire ténia
(countable) Any parasitical worm of the class or infraclass Cestoda, which infest the intestines of animals, including humans, often infecting different host species during their life cycle.

taphonomy /tæˈfɒnəmi/ taphonomies n
taphonomie
The study of the fate of the remains of organisms after they die, especially the study of fossilization. [From 20th c.]

taphophilia n
taphophilie

taphophobia /tæfəˈfəʊbɪə/ n
taphophobie
a fear of being buried alive

tapioca /tæpiˈoʊkə/ tapiocas n
tapioca
A starchy food made from the cassava plant, used in puddings.

tapioca pearl tapioca pearls n
perle de tapioca
A small edible ball made primarily from tapioca starch; used in bubble tea.

tapir /ˈteɪpiːə(ɹ)/ /ˈteɪpə(ɹ)/ /ˈteɪpɪə(ɹ)/ tapirs n
tapir maïpouri
Any one of the species of large odd-toed ungulates of the taxonomic family Tapiridae with a long prehensile upper lip, of which all four surviving species are in genus Tapirus.

tappet tappets n
suiveur
A lever or projection which is moved by some other piece, as a cam, or intended to tap or touch something else, in order to produce change or regulate motion.

taproot /ˈtæpˌɹuːt/ taproots n
racine pivotante
(botany) A long, tapering root possessed by many plants (such as carrots and dandelions). [from early 17th c.]

taqiyya n
taqîya
(Islam) Religious dissimulation while under threat or persecution.

taqueria /ˌtɑkəˈɹiːə/ taquerias n
taquéria
(chiefly, US) A restaurant specializing in tacos and other Mexican food.

tar /tɑɹ/ /tɑː/ [tʰɑɹ] [tʰɑɻ] tars n
goudron
(usually, uncountable) A black, oily, sticky, viscous substance, consisting mainly of hydrocarbons derived from organic materials such as wood, peat, or coal.
Coal tar.
(uncountable) A solid residual byproduct of tobacco smoke.

tar with the same brush /ˈtaɹ wɪ‿ðə seɪm ˈbɹʌʃ/ /ˈtaː wɪ‿ðə seɪm ˈbɹʌʃ/ v
fourrer dans le même sac mettre dans le même panier mettre dans le même sac
(transitive, figuratively) To characterize (someone or something) using the same undesirable attribute, especially unjustly.

taramosalata /ˌtæɹəməsəˈlɑːtə/ /ˌtɑɹəməsəˈlɑːtə/ n
tarama
a Turkish and Greek dish of fish roe (carp or cod), lemon juice, breadcrumbs, onion, garlic, and olive oil; often served as a meze or with pitta bread

tarantass /taɹənˈtas/ tarantasses n
tarantass
A low horse-drawn carriage without springs used in Russia, capable of having its wheels replaced with runners during the winter.

tarantella /tæɹənˈtɛlə/ /ˌtɛɹənˈtɛlə/ tarantellas n
tarentelle
A rapid dance in 6/8 time, originating in Italy, or a piece of music for such a dance.

tarantism /ˈtæɹəntɪzm/ /ˈtæɹənˌtɪzm/ tarantisms n
tarentisme
An extreme urge to dance, popularly thought to have been caused by the bite of a tarantula (Lycosa tarantula) and prevalent in southern Italy in the 15th through 17th centuries.

tarantula /tə.ˈɹæn.t͡ʃə.lə/ /tə.ˈɹæn.t͡ʃʊ.lə/ tarantulae tarantulas n
tarentule mygale
Any of the large, hairy New World spiders comprising the family Theraphosidae.
(by extension) A member of certain other groups of spiders, generally characterized by large size, hairiness, or membership of infraorder Mygalomorphae to which Theraphosidae family also belongs.
(dated) A species of wolf spider, Lycosa tarantula, native to southern Europe, the mildly poisonous bite of which was once thought to cause an extreme urge to dance (tarantism). [from mid 16th c.]

tarbooshed adj
entarbouché
Wearing a tarboosh.

tardy /ˈtɑɹdi/ /ˈtɑːdi/ tardier tardiest adj
tardif
(obsolete) Unwary; unready (especially in the phrase take (someone) tardy).

tardyon tardyons n
tardyon
(physics) Any particle with non-zero mass (i.e. one that travels more slowly than the speed of light).

tare /teə/ /teː/ /tɛ(ə)ɹ/ /tɛə/ tares n
tare
The empty weight of a container; unladen weight.

tare /teə/ /teː/ /tɛ(ə)ɹ/ /tɛə/ v
tarer
(chiefly, business, and, legal) To take into account the weight of the container, wrapping etc. in weighting merchandise.
(sciences) To set a zero value on an instrument (usually a balance) that discounts the starting point.

target /ˈtaːɡɪt/ /ˈtɑɹɡɪt/ /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ [ˈtʰɑɹɡɪt̚] targets n
cible
A butt or mark to shoot at, as for practice, or to test the accuracy of a firearm, or the force of a projectile.
cible objectif but
A goal or objective.

target /ˈtaːɡɪt/ /ˈtɑɹɡɪt/ /ˈtɑːɡɪt/ [ˈtʰɑɹɡɪt̚] v
cibler viser
(transitive) To aim something, especially a weapon, at (a target).

target audience target audiences n
audience cible
(media, marketing) The primary group of people that a publication, advertisement or other type of media is designed to appeal to.

target group target groups n
groupe cible groupe ciblé
(marketing) The primary group of people that something, usually an advertising campaign, is designed to appeal to.

target language target languages n
langue cible langue d'arrivée
(translation studies) The language into which a translation is done.

target market target markets n
clientèle cible marché cible

targeting more targeting most targeting adj
de ciblage
Involved in the transportation or correct positioning of a protein inside or outside a specific region of the cell.

targum /ˈtɑːɡəm/ targumim targums n
targum
(Judaism) An Aramaic translation of the Tanakh written or compiled between the Second Temple period and the early Middle Ages.

tariff /ˈtæɹəf/ /ˈtæɹɪf/ /ˈtɛɹɪf/ tariffs n
tarif
A system of government-imposed duties levied on imported or exported goods; a list of such duties, or the duties themselves.
A schedule of rates, fees or prices.

tarmac /ˈtɑː(ɹ)mæk/ tarmacs n
tarmac
(loosely, UK, Ireland, Canada) Any bituminous road surfacing material.

tarn /tɑɹn/ /tɑːn/ [tɝn] tarns n
lac (de montagne)
(US, chiefly, Montana) One of many small mountain lakes or ponds.

tarnish /ˈtɑɹnɪʃ/ /ˈtɑːnɪʃ/ v
ternir
(intransitive) To oxidize or discolor due to oxidation.

taro /ˈtæɹəʊ/ /ˈtɑɹoʊ/ /ˈtɛɹoʊ/ taros n
taro
Colocasia esculenta, raised as a food primarily for its corm, which distantly resembles potato.

tarot /ˈtæɹəʊ/ /ˈtɛɹoʊ/ tarots n
tarot
(singular or plural) A card game played in various different variations.
carte de tarot tarot
Any of the set of 78 playing cards (divided into five suits, including one of permanent trumps), often used for mystical divination.

tarpan /ˈtɑɹpən/ /ˈtɑːpən/ tarpans n
tarpan
An extinct Northern European wild horse, Equus ferus ferus.

tarpaper tarpapers n
papier goudronné
A heavy paper, coated with tar, used to waterproof walls and roofs.

tarpaulin /tɑɹˈpɔ.lɪn/ /tɑˈpɔː.lɪn/ /ˈtɑːɹpəlɪn/ tarpaulins n
bâche prélart
(countable) A tarp, a heavy, waterproof sheet of material, often cloth, used as a cover or blanket.
(uncountable, nautical, obsolete) Canvas waterproofed with tar, used as a cover.
bâche
(uncountable, obsolete) Any heavy, waterproof material used as a cover.

tarpit tarpits n
fosse à bitume lac d'asphalte
A lake of asphalt formed when subterranean bitumen leaks to the ground surface. Such pits are important in forming fossil fuel reserves; they are also apt to trap passing animals, which become fossilized in the tar.

tarpon tarpon tarpons n
tarpon
Any of several fishes of the family Elopidae or Megalopidae, especially a large silvery game fish.

tarragon /ˈtæɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtæɹəɡən/ /ˈtɛɹəɡɑn/ /ˈtɛɹəɡən/ tarragons n
estragon
A perennial herb, the wormwood species Artemisia dracunculus, from Europe and parts of Asia.

tarry /ˈteɹ.i/ /ˈtæɹ.i/ /ˈtæɹ.iː/ /ˈtɜɹ.i/ tarries n
séjour
A sojourn.

tarry /ˈteɹ.i/ /ˈtæɹ.i/ /ˈtæɹ.iː/ /ˈtɜɹ.i/ v
tarder s'attarder
(intransitive) To delay; to be late or tardy in beginning or doing anything.
s'attarder tarder
(intransitive) To linger in expectation of something or until something is done or happens.
demeurer rester s'attarder séjourner tarder
(transitive) To wait for; to stay or stop for; to allow to linger.

tarsal /ˈtɑɹ.səl/ /ˈtɑː.səl/ adj
tarsien
(anatomy, zootomy) Of or relating to the tarsus.
(anatomy) Being or relating to plates of dense connective tissue that serve to stiffen the eyelids.

tarsier /ˈtaɹʃi.əɹ/ /ˈtɑ(ɹ)si.ə(ɹ)/ tarsiers n
tarsier
An insectivorous primate of the family Tarsiidae, having very large eyes and long feet, native mainly to several islands of Southeast Asia.

tarsus /ˈtɑɹ.səs/ /ˈtɑː.səs/ tarsi n
tarse
(skeleton) A group of small bones in this part of the foot. The seven bones of the human tarsus form the ankle and upper part of the foot.

tart /tɑɹt/ /tɑːt/ tarter tartest adj
amer mordant
Sharp to the taste; acid; sour.

tart /tɑɹt/ /tɑːt/ tarts n
tarte tartelette
A type of small open pie, or piece of pastry, now typically containing jelly (US) / jam (UK) or conserve, or sometimes other fillings (chocolate, custard, egg, butter, historically even meat or other savory fillings).
putain pute
(British, slang) A prostitute.
salope
(British, slang, derogatory, by extension) Any woman with loose sexual morals.

tartan /ˈtɑɹtn̩/ /ˈtɑːtn̩/ tartans n
tartan
A kind of woven woollen cloth with a distinctive pattern of coloured stripes intersecting at right angles, associated with Scottish Highlanders, different clans and some Scottish families and institutions having their own distinctive patterns.
tartane
A type of one-masted lateen-sailed vessel used in the Mediterranean.

tartar /ˈtɑɹ.tɚ/ /ˈtɑː.tə/ tartars n
tartre
A red compound deposited during wine making; mostly potassium hydrogen tartrate — a source of cream of tartar.

tartare /tɑːɹˈtɑːɹ/ /tɑːˈtɑː/ /ˈtɑː(ɹ)tɛə(ɹ)/ adj
tartare

tartare sauce tartare sauces n
sauce tartare
A sauce made from mayonnaise and a chopped mixture of pickled gherkins, capers, olives and shallots; traditionally served with fish or other seafood.

tartaric acid tartaric acids n
acide tartrique
(carbohydrate) The aldaric acid, 2,3 dihydroxy-succinic acid, that occurs naturally in many plants, in wine and in tamarind; it is used as the salts cream of tartar and Rochelle salt.

tarte Tatin /ˌtɑɹt tæˈtæ̃/ /ˌtɑːt taˈtã/ tartes Tatin n
tarte Tatin
A type of upside-down cake in which the fruit, usually apples, is caramelized in butter and sugar.

taser /ˈteɪ.zə(ɹ)/ /ˈteɪ.zɚ/ tasers n
taser
(by extension) Any electroshock stun gun.

task /tæsk/ /tɑːsk/ tasks n
tâche
A piece of work done as part of one’s duties.
(computing) A process or execution of a program.
corvée tâche
A difficult or tedious undertaking.

task force task forces n
force opérationnelle groupe de travail
(business, government, military) A group of people working towards a particular task, project, or activity, especially assigned in a particular capacity.

taskbar taskbars n
barre des tâches
(GUI) A bar on a computer desktop used to launch and monitor applications.

tasse /tæs/ tasses n
tassette
(chiefly, in the plural) A piece of armor for the hips and thighs: one of a set of plates (each being of one piece or segmented) hanging from the bottom of the breastplate or from faulds.

tassel /ˈtæsəl/ tassels n
panicule
(botany) The panicle on a male plant of maize, which consists of loose threads with anthers on them.

taste /teɪst/ tastes n
goût saveur
One of the sensations produced by the tongue in response to certain chemicals; the quality of giving this sensation.
goût gout
(countable, and, uncountable) A person's implicit set of preferences, especially esthetic, though also culinary, sartorial, etc.
avant-goût
(figuratively) A small amount of experience with something that gives a sense of its quality as a whole.

taste /teɪst/ v
goûter
(transitive) To sample the flavor of something orally.
(transitive, figurative) To experience.
goûter avoir un goût
(intransitive, copulative) To have a taste; to excite a particular sensation by which flavor is distinguished.

taste of one's own medicine n
rendre la monnaie de sa pièce rendre la pareille récolter ce que l'on a semé
(idiomatic, usually preceded by a) Harsh treatment inflicted on one who previously inflicted similar or equivalent treatment on others.

tastebud tastebuds n
papille gustative papille
(anatomy) Any of the small organs on the tongue used for tasting.

tasteful /ˈteɪstfəl/ more tasteful most tasteful adj
de bon goût
Having or exhibiting good taste; aesthetically pleasing or conforming to expectations or ideals of what is appropriate.

tasteless /ˈteɪstləs/ more tasteless most tasteless adj
fade insipide
Having no flavour; bland; insipid.

taster /teɪstɚ/ tasters n
goûteur goûteuse
Someone who tastes something, especially food, wine etc., for quality.

tastevin /-væn/ /ˈtæstəˌvɛn/ /ˌtæstəˈvɛn/ tastevins n
tastevin tâte-vin

tastewise adv
gustativement
In terms of taste.

tasting /ˈteɪstɪŋ/ tastings n
dégustation
The taking of a small amount of food or drink into the mouth in order to taste it.

tasty /ˈteɪsti/ tastier tastiest adj
avec gout élégant
(obsolete) Having or showing good taste; tasteful.

tatami /təˈtɑːmi/ tatami tatamis n
tatami
Straw matting, in a standard size, used as a floor covering in Japanese houses.

tater tot tater tots n
tater tot
(North America) A small cylindrical piece of grated potato, generally deep-fried.

tatter /ˈtætə(ɹ)/ tatters n
lambeau
A shred of torn cloth; an individual item of torn and ragged clothing.

tatterdemalion /tætədəˈmeɪliɒn/ tatterdemalions n
loqueteux
A person with tattered clothing.

tattered /ˈtætəd/ /ˈtætɚd/ adj
abîmé en haillons en loques loqueteux
Rent in tatters, torn, hanging in rags; ragged.

tatters /ˈtætəz/ /ˈtætɚz/ n
guenille haillons
(plurale tantum) Ragged clothing or fabric, paper, etc.

tattle /ˈtæt(ə)l/ /ˈtætl̩/ [-æɾl̩] v
cafarder cafter moucharder
(intransitive, Canada, US, pejorative) Often said of children: to report incriminating information about another person, or a person's wrongdoing; to tell on somebody. [from late 15th c.]

tattletale tattletales n
cafteur cafteuse
One who tattles (reports others' wrongdoings), often a child seeking attention.
commère
One who gossips, often for the sake of attention.

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ tattoos n
tatouage
An image made in the skin with ink and a needle.
A method of decorating the skin by inserting colored substances under the surface with a sharp instrument (usually a solenoid-driven needle).

tattoo /tæˈtuː/ /təˈtuː/ v
tatouer
To apply a tattoo to (someone or something).

tattoo artist tattoo artists n
tatoueur tatoueuse
A person who draws tattoos on others.

tau /taʊ/ /tɔ/ /tɔː/ taus n
tau
The letter Τ//τ in the Greek alphabet; being the nineteenth letter of the Classical and Modern Greek, and the twenty-first letter of the Old and Ancient Greek alphabets.
(neurology) Short for tau protein (“a protein abundant especially in the neurons of the human central nervous system that stabilizes microtubules, and when misfolded is associated with forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases”).
croix en tau
A Τ-shaped object or sign; a Saint Anthony's cross, sometimes regarded as a sacred symbol.

tau protein tau proteins n
protéine tau
(neurology) A protein abundant especially in the neurons of the human central nervous system that stabilizes microtubules, and when misfolded is associated with forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.

taunt /tɑnt/ /tɔnt/ /tɔːnt/ taunts n
sarcasme
A scornful or mocking remark; a jeer or mockery

taunt /tɑnt/ /tɔnt/ /tɔːnt/ v
narguer
to make fun of (someone); to goad (a person) into responding, often in an aggressive manner.

taunter taunters n
moqueur

tauon tauons n
tau tauon
An unstable elementary particle which is a type of lepton, having a mass almost twice that of a proton, a negative charge, and a spin of ½; it decays into hadrons (usually pions) or other leptons, and neutrinos.

taurobolic adj
taurobolique

taurobolium taurobolia n
taurobole
(historical, ancient Rome) The ritual slaughter of a bull.

taurokathapsia /ˌtɔːɹəkəˈθæpsiə/ n
taurokathapsie taurocatapsie taurokathapsia
(rare) Bull-leaping, as depicted in Bronze Age art, especially from Minoan Crete.

tauromachy tauromachies n
tauromachie
(literary) Bullfighting

taut /tɑt/ /tɔt/ /tɔːt/ tauter tautest adj
tendu contracté
(also, figuratively) Under tension, like a stretched bowstring, rope, or sail; tight.
concis
(of music, writing, etc.) Containing only relevant parts; brief and controlled.
tendu anxieux stressé
(figuratively) Experiencing anxiety or stress.

tautogram tautograms n
tautogramme

tautological more tautological most tautological adj
tautologique
Of, relating to, or using tautology.

tautology /tɔˈtɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /tɔˈtɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ tautologies n
tautologie
(uncountable) Redundant use of words, a pleonasm, an unnecessary and tedious repetition.
(countable, logic, propositional logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its propositional variables.
(countable, logic, first-order logic) A statement that is true for all truth values of its Boolean atoms.
tautologie lapalissade pléonasme truisme
(countable) An expression that features tautology.

tavern /ˈtævən/ /ˈtævəɹn/ taverns n
taverne
A restaurant or bar.

taw /ˈtaʊ/ taws n
tav
The 22nd and last letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, and Arabic.

tawdry /ˈtɔːdɹi/ tawdrier tawdriest adj
kitsch tape-à-l’œil
(of clothing, appearance, etc.) Cheap and gaudy; showy.

tawny /ˈtɑ-/ /ˈtɔni/ /ˈtɔːni/ tawnier tawniest adj
fauve
Of a light brown to brownish orange colour.

tawny /ˈtɑ-/ /ˈtɔni/ /ˈtɔːni/ tawnies tawnys n
fauve
A light brown to brownish orange colour.

tawny owl /ˈtɔːni aʊl/ tawny owls n
chouette hulotte
Any of species Strix aluco of strigid owls, of Europe, western Asia, and the Middle East.

tax /tæks/ taxes n
impôt taxe
Money paid to the government other than for transaction-specific goods and services.

tax /tæks/ v
imposer taxer
(transitive) To impose and collect a tax from (a person or company).

tax authority tax authorities n
fisc
A government organization responsible for collecting taxes.

tax avoidance n
optimisation fiscale
The legal exploitation of tax rules to minimize tax payments.

tax base tax bases n
base d'imposition base imposable

tax break tax breaks n
allégement fiscal
A deduction in tax that is given in order to encourage a certain economic activity or a social objective

tax collector tax collectors n
percepteur collecteur d'impôts publicain
One who has the responsibility for collecting taxes.

tax evader tax evaders n
évadé fiscal fraudeur fiscal fraudeuse fiscale évadée fiscale
One who illegally avoids paying tax (for example, by not declaring income).

tax evasion n
évasion fiscale fraude fiscale
(taxation, criminology) The illegal avoidance of paying tax, especially by making a false declaration of income etc.

tax haven tax havens n
paradis fiscal
(law, business, taxation) A jurisdiction that levies low tax rates on certain economic activities, especially to attract wealthy individuals and foreign businesses.

tax office tax offices n
bureau des impôts
A government-established place (building, office, shop, or counter) offering advice on tax affairs.

tax rate tax rates n
taux d'imposition
A rate, usually a percentage rate, at which something is taxed.

tax return tax returns n
déclaration d'impôt déclaration d'impôts déclaration de revenus déclaration fiscale
(finance) A declaration of income etc. for tax purposes: a report of income, deductions, contributions, and related financial information filed by a taxpayer with a national or local tax authority, used by the authority to determine the amount of taxation, usually consisting of forms completed by the taxpayer.

tax revenue tax revenues n
recette fiscale
The total revenue that a state, municipality etc. gets from all taxes.

tax-free adj
exempt d'impôt
exempt from taxation

taxable adj
imposable taxable
subject to taxation.

taxation /tækˈseɪ.ʃən/ taxations n
taxation imposition
The act of imposing taxes and the fact of being taxed.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ taxies taxis n
taxi taxi-auto
A vehicle that may be hired for single journeys by members of the public, driven by a taxi driver.

taxi /ˈtæk.si/ v
faire taxi
To move an aircraft on the ground under its own power.

taxi driver taxi drivers n
chauffeur de taxi chauffeuse de taxi
A person who drives a taxicab.

taxi stand taxi stands n
station de taxi
A designated place in a street, railway station, airport etc where taxicabs line up to wait for passengers.

taxidermist taxidermists n
taxidermiste
One who practices taxidermy, the stuffing of animals.

taxidermy /ˈtæksɪdɚmi/ taxidermies n
taxidermie
The art of stuffing and mounting the skins of dead animals for exhibition in a lifelike state.

taximeter /tækˈsɪmɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaksiˌmiːtə/ /ˈtaksɪˌmiːtə/ /ˈtæksiˌmitɚ/ taximeters n
taximètre
A device installed in a taxicab that calculates the fare based upon distance travelled and waiting time.

taxing more taxing most taxing adj
exténuant éprouvant épuisant
With respect to an experience: exhausting; draining.
ardu
Burdensome, difficult.

taxon /ˈtæk.sɑn/ /ˈtæk.sɒn/ taxa taxons n
taxon
(taxonomy) A group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.

taxonomic /ˌtæksəˈnɒmɪk/ adj
taxonomique
Of, or relating to taxonomy.

taxonomist taxonomists n
taxonomiste
(taxonomy) Someone whose profession is taxonomy, or who performs taxonomy at a professional level.

taxonomy /tækˈsɑn.ə.mi/ /tækˈsɒn.ə.mi/ taxonomies n
taxinomie
A classification; especially, a classification in a hierarchical system.
taxinomie taxonomie
(taxonomy, uncountable) The science of finding, describing, classifying and naming organisms.

taxpayer taxpayers n
contribuable
A person who is subject to, liable for, or pays tax as opposed to a nontaxpayer who is neither the subject nor the object of revenue laws.

tbsp tbsp tbsps n
c. à s.
(unit of measure)

tea /ti/ /tiː/ [tʰi] [tʰiː] teas n
thé
(uncountable) The dried leaves or buds of the tea plant; (countable) a variety of such leaves.
tisane thé
(uncountable) Any similar drink made by infusing parts of various other plants.
tasse de thé thé
(countable, Commonwealth, northern, _, US) A cup or (East Asia, Southern, _, US) glass of any of these drinks, often with milk, sugar, lemon, and/or tapioca pearls.
goûter
(uncountable, UK) A light midafternoon meal, typically but not necessarily including tea.

tea ball tea balls n
boule à thé
A perforated spherical metal container that holds tea leaves for steeping or brewing in hot water.

tea break tea breaks n
pause thé
(British, Australia) A short break or rest period during the day when a cup of tea or coffee is drunk.

tea caddy tea caddies n
boîte à thé
A box, jar, pot, or tin used to store tea leaves.

tea ceremony tea ceremonies n
cérémonie du thé chanoyu
A detailed ritual in Japan for preparing, serving and drinking green tea, seen as an expression of Zen Buddhism; also any similar ritual performed in other Asian cultures.

tea cosy tea cosies tea cozies n
couvre-théière
(British) An insulating cloth covering, shaped to fit over a teapot to maintain warmth.

tea dance tea dances n
thé dansant
(dated) [early 20th c.] A late afternoon or early evening dance, typically with a live orchestra (often referred to as a palm court orchestra) playing light classical music.

tea egg tea eggs n
œuf au thé
An Asian snack consisting of a boiled egg that is cracked and then boiled again in tea.

tea leaf tea leaves n
feuille de thé
(usually, used in the plural) A dried fragment of a leaf of the tea plant used in making the drink tea.

tea oil tea oils n
huile de thé
An oil contained in species of Camellia, including the tea plant, used in cooking especially in southern China.

tea party tea parties n
dînette thé
A semi-formal afternoon social gathering at which tea, sandwiches and cakes are served.
dinette dînette
A type of imaginative playing in which children gather with each other or their dolls to mimic having a real tea party or other formal meal, often without any food at all.

tea plant tea plants n
théier
The bush Camellia sinensis, the leaves of which are picked, dried and used to make the beverage tea.

tea strainer tea strainers n
passe-thé boule à thé
A strainer used to filter loose tea leaves from brewed tea.

teabag /ˈtiːbæɡ/ teabags n
sachet de thé infusette
A cloth or paper sachet containing tea leaves or herbal tea, designed to act as an infuser when submerged in hot water.

teach /tiːt͡ʃ/ v
enseigner apprendre
(ditransitive) To pass on knowledge to.
(intransitive, stative) To pass on knowledge generally, especially as one's profession; to act as a teacher.
enseigner
(ditransitive) To cause (someone) to learn or understand (something).
guider
(obsolete, transitive) To show (someone) the way; to guide, conduct; to point, indicate.

teach grandma how to suck eggs v
apprendre à un vieux singe à faire des grimaces
(idiomatic, chiefly in the negative) To tell an expert how to do things.

teach someone a lesson v
donner une leçon
(idiomatic, informal) To punish someone for something bad that they have done so that they do not do it again.

teach to read and write n
alphabétiser

teacher /ˈtit͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtiːt͡ʃə/ teachers n
professeur enseignant instituteur maîtresse maître d'école
A person who teaches, especially one employed in a school.

teacher's pet teacher's pets teachers' pets n
chouchou
(idiomatic) A student who is perceived to be favored by the teacher.

teaching /ˈtiːt͡ʃɪŋ/ teachings n
enseignement doctrine
Something taught by a religious or philosophical authority.
enseignement
The profession of educating people; the activity that a teacher does when he/she teaches.

teaching assistant teaching assistants n
assistant d'enseignement assistante d'enseignement auxiliaire d'enseignement
(education) An individual who assists a teacher with instructional responsibilities, often by helping the main teacher by supporting students with learning disabilities or physical disabilities.

teaching hospital teaching hospitals n
CHU

teacup /tiː.kʌp/ teacups n
tasse à thé
A small cup, usually with a handle, commonly used for drinking tea; normally sits in a saucer as part of a tea set.

teahouse teahouses n
maison de thé salon de thé
A cafe or restaurant that serves tea, usually with light food.

teak /tiːk/ teaks n
teck
(uncountable, countable) An extremely durable timber highly valued for shipbuilding and other purposes, yielded by Tectona grandis (and Tectona spp.).
(countable) A tree of the species in the genus Tectona

teakettle teakettles n
bouilloire bouilloire à thé
(dated, _, outside, _, US) A vessel used to boil water for tea or other hot beverages.

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] more teal most teal adj
sarcelle
Having a bluish-green colour

teal /tiːl/ [tiːɫ] teals n
sarcelle
(countable) Any of various small freshwater ducks of the genus Anas that are brightly coloured and have short necks.
bleu canard bleu sarcelle
(countable, uncountable, color) A dark, somewhat bluish-green colour; a dark cyan.

tealight tealights n
bougie chauffe-plat bougie à réchaud
A small, typically circular candle encased in a thin metal cup, so that it liquefies completely when lit and burns as a wick immersed in molten wax.

team /tiːm/ teams n
équipe
A group of people who favor one side of a binary debate that is divided and lacks a well-established clear consensus.

team pursuit team pursuits n
poursuite par équipes
(cycle racing) A discipline in track cycling where two opposing teams of up to four cyclists start on opposite sides of the velodrome track and try to catch their opponents, or get a faster time over a pre-decided distance.

team spirit n
esprit d'équipe
Camaraderie; willingness to co-operate with others.

team sport team sports n
sport collectif sport d'équipe
(countable) A sport played by two competing teams.

teammate /ˈtiːmˌmeɪt/ teammates n
coéquipier coéquipière
One who is on the same team.

teamwork n
travail d'équipe travail en équipe
The cooperative effort of a team of people to achieve a common goal.

teapot teapots n
théière
A vessel for brewing and serving tea.

tear /teə/ /tɛə/ /tɛɚ/ tears n
déchirure
A hole or break caused by tearing.

tear /teə/ /tɪə/ /tɪɚ/ tears n
larme
A drop of clear, salty liquid produced from the eyes by crying or irritation.

tear /teə/ /tɛə/ /tɛɚ/ v
déchirer
(transitive) To rend (a solid material) by holding or restraining in two places and pulling apart, whether intentionally or not; to destroy or separate.
(intransitive) To become torn, especially accidentally.
déchirer détacher
(transitive, often, with off, or, out) To remove by tearing, or with sudden great force.
démolir
(transitive, of structures, with down) To demolish.

tear /teə/ /tɪə/ /tɪɚ/ v
larmoyer
(intransitive) To produce tears.

tear a strip off someone v
engueuler engueuler comme du poisson pourri
(slang) To scold vigorously.

tear duct /ˈtɪədʌkt/ tear ducts n
canal lacrymal canal nasolacrymal canalicule lacrymal conduit lacrymal
(anatomy) A duct that transports tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity

tear gas /ˈtɪəɡæs/ tear gases n
gaz lacrymogène lacrymo
Any lachrymatory, non-lethal chemical compound that causes the eyes to sting and water and/or irritates the respiratory system, mostly used for controlling crowds during riots or as self-defense.

tear off /teɪɹ ɑf/ /teɪɹ ɒf/ v
arracher
(transitive) To rip away from; to pull a piece from forcibly.
(intransitive) To become detached by tearing or ripping.

tear one's hair out v
s'arracher les cheveux
(idiomatic) To react with extreme agitation.

tear to pieces v
mettre en pièces tailler en pièces
To tear apart.

teardrop /ˈtɪədɹɒp/ teardrops n
larme
a single tear (clear, salty liquid secreted by the eye).
goutte d’eau
The shape of a drop of liquid about to fall. (Note that once detached from a surface, a drop changes shape to become spherical).

tearful /ˈtɪə(ɹ)fəl/ /ˈtɪə(ɹ)fʊl/ /ˈtɪɹfəl/ /ˈtɪɹfʊl/ more tearful most tearful adj
au bord des larmes larmoyant
Accompanied by tears; crying, or about to cry.
larmoyant éploré
Sorrowful.

tearjerker tearjerkers n
tire-larmes
(informal) An emotionally charged film, novel, song, opera, television episode, etc., usually with one or more sad passages or ending, so termed because it suggests one is likely to cry during its performance.

teary /ˈtɪəɹi/ tearier teariest adj
larmoyant
Of eyes, filled with tears.

tease /tiːz/ v
taquiner
(transitive) To poke fun at, either cruelly or affectionately.

teasel teasels n
cardère
Any of several plants of the genus Dipsacus.

teaser /ˈtizɚ/ teasers n
accroche aguiche bande-annonce teaser
(marketing) A preview or part of a product released in preparation of its main advertising, typically a short film, song, or quote.

teaspoon /ˈtiˌspun/ /ˈtiːˌspuːn/ teaspoons n
cuillère à café petite cuillère
A small spoon used to stir the contents of a cup or glass.
cuillère à café cuillère
A unit of measure, equivalent to one-third of a tablespoon or roughly five milliliters.

teat /tiːt/ teats n
trayon
(anatomy) The projection of a mammary gland from which, on female mammals, milk is secreted.
tétine
An artificial nipple used for bottle-feeding infants.

teatime teatimes n
heure du thé
(chiefly, British) The traditional time, in the late afternoon, for serving tea (the meal).

tech house /ˈtɛk ˌhaʊs/ n
tech house
(music genre) A subgenre of house music that combines stylistic features of techno with house.

technetate technetates n
technétate

technetium /-ʃəm/ /tɛkˈni.ʃi.əm/ n
technétium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tc) with an atomic number of 43.

technical /ˈtɛk.nɪk.əl/ /ˈtɛt.nɪk.əl/ more technical most technical adj
technique
(securities and other markets) Relating to the internal mechanics of a market rather than more basic factors.

technical /ˈtɛk.nɪk.əl/ /ˈtɛt.nɪk.əl/ technicals n
technical
A pickup truck with a gun mounted on it.

technical analysis technical analyses n
analyse technique
(finance) A stock or commodity market analysis technique which examines only market action such as prices, trading volume and open interest.

technical foul technical fouls n
faute technique
(basketball) Any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact during the course of play between players on the court, or is a foul by a nonplayer.

technical school technical schools n
lycée professionnel
A school that provides training in practical skills such as welding, hairdressing, plumbing and so on.

technical term technical terms n
terme technique
A word that has a specific meaning within a specific field of expertise.

technically /ˈtɛk.nəˌkli/ /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkli/ /ˈtɛk.nɪˌkəl.i/ more technically most technically adv
techniquement
Based on precise facts, which, however, may be contrary to common misbelief or to a traditional name.
Having or using the skills or talent required for a certain job or profession.
According to the current state of technology.
de droit de jure
Based on formal (de jure) arguments, which, however, may be misleading.

technician /tɛkˈnɪʃən/ technicians n
technicien technicienne
A person who studies or practises technology; an expert in a particular technology.

technique /tɛkˈniːk/ techniques n
technique
(uncountable) The practical aspects of a given art, occupation etc.; formal requirements. [from 19th c.]
(countable) A method of achieving something or carrying something out, especially one requiring some skill or knowledge. [from 19th c.]

techno- /tɛknoʊ/ prefix
techno-
Relating to technology.

technobabble /ˈtɛknoʊbæbəl/ /ˈtɛknəʊbæbəl/ n
technobabillage
Technical or scientific language used in fiction to convey a false impression of meaningful technical or scientific content.

technocracy /tɛkˈnɒkɹəsi/ technocracies n
technocratie
A system of governance where people who are skilled or proficient govern in their respective areas of expertise.

technocrat /ˈtɛknə(ʊ)kɹat/ technocrats n
technocrate
An advocate of technocracy.

technofeudalism n
technoféodalisme

technological /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kəl/ /ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kəl/ [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɑ.d͡ʒɪ.kl̩] [ˌtɛk.nəˈlɒd͡ʒ.ɪ.kl̩] more technological most technological adj
technologique
Of, relating to, or involving technology, especially modern scientific technology.

technological singularity /ˌtɛknəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl̩ ˌsɪŋɡjəˈlɛɹɪti/ /ˌtɛknəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl̩ ˌsɪŋɡjʊˈlæɹɪti/ technological singularities n
singularité technologique
A hypothetical future event in human history caused by the ever-increasing ability of new technology to speed up the rate at which new technology is developed.

technological unemployment n
chômage technologique
Unemployment caused by technological advances. This includes machines and software substituting for human labor, advances in efficiency negating the need for friction-based jobs, and increased data availability undermining professions that rely on information asymmetry.

technologically more technologically most technologically adv
technologiquement
In a technological manner.

technologist /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒɪst/ technologists n
technologue
A scientist or an engineer who specializes in a particular technology, or who uses technology in a particular field.

technology /tɛkˈnɑləd͡ʒi/ /tɛkˈnɒləd͡ʒi/ technologies n
technologie technique
(uncountable, academic) The study of or a collection of techniques.

technology transfer technology transfers n
transfert de technologie
The movement of (especially new) technology from one field or region to another, especially from a research institution to the marketplace in order to allow commercialization.

technophobia technophobias n
technophobie
A fear of new technologies.

tectiform /ˈtɛk.tə.fɔɹm/ /ˈtɛk.tɪ.fɔːm/ more tectiform most tectiform adj
tectiforme
(biology, anthropology) Roof-shaped; sloping downwards on two sides from a raised central ridge.

tectonic adj
tectonique
Of or relating to construction or to architecture.
(geology) Of, relating to, or caused by large-scale movements of the Earth's (or a similar planet's) lithosphere.

tectonic plate tectonic plates n
plaque tectonique
(geology) Any of several large pieces of the Earth's lithosphere which participate in plate tectonics.

tectonics n
tectonique
(geology) The study of crustal plates and other large-scale structural features of the Earth.

teddy /ˈtɛdi/ teddies n
teddy
A type of all-in-one women's undergarment.

teddy bear teddy bears n
ours en peluche nounours
A plush toy in the shape of a bear.
nounours
A lovable, endearing, large, strong, hairy, or sweet man, particularly one who is gentle in spite of a burly or gruff appearance.

tedious /ˈti.di.əs/ /ˈti.d͡ʒəs/ /ˈtiː.dɪəs/ more tedious most tedious adj
fastidieux laborieux
Boring, monotonous, time-consuming, wearisome.

tediousness tediousnesses n
ennui monotonie
The quality of being tedious; tedium.

tedium /ˈtiː.di.əm/ tedia tediums n
ennuyeux fastidieux fatigant usant
Boredom or tediousness; ennui.

tee /ˈtiː/ tees n
té
The name of the Latin-script letter T.

teem /tiːm/ v
foisonner grouiller
To be stocked to overflowing.

teenage /ˈtiːneɪd͡ʒ/ adj
adolescent
Of or relating to an age between thirteen and nineteen years old.

teenager /ˈtiːnˌeɪ.d͡ʒə(ɹ)/ teenagers n
adolescent ado adolescente
A person between 13 and 19 years old.

teeny /ˈtiːni/ teenier teeniest adj
tout petit
(informal) Very small; tiny.

teenybopper /ˈtiniˌbɑpɚ/ /ˈtiːniˌbɒpə/ teenyboppers n
petit minet petite minette
A child, especially a girl in her preteens and early teens, who follows popular clothing fashions, music trends, etc.

teepee /ˈtiːpi/ teepees n
tipi
A cone-shaped tent traditionally used by many native peoples of the Great Plains of North America.

teeter /ˈtitəɹ/ /ˈtiːtə/ [ˈtʰiɾɚ] v
basculer branler tituber
(intransitive) To tilt back and forth on an edge.

teeter-totter teeter-totters n
balançoire
(North America, often, childish) A seesaw; a piece of playground equipment consisting of a long board with seats at either end, with a pivot point in the center.

teethe /tiːð/ v
faire ses dents
(intransitive) To grow teeth.

teetotal /tiːˈtəʊtəl/ more teetotal most teetotal adj
abstinent
Abstinent from alcohol; never drinking alcohol.

teetotaler /ˈtitoʊtəlɚ/ /ˈtiːtəʊtələ/ teetotalers n
abstinent abstinente abstème néphaliste
(American spelling) A person who completely abstains from alcoholic beverages.

teff /tɛf/ teffs n
mil éthiopien
The fine grain of this plant.

tegument /ˈtɛɡ.jʊ.mənt/ teguments n
couverture revêtement
(uncommon) Something which covers; a covering or coating.

tektite tektites n
tectite
A small, round, dark glassy object, composed of silicates, formed by the rapid cooling of molten ejecta from meteorite impacts.

telamon /ˈtɛləmən/ /ˈtɛləməʊn/ telamones telamons n
atlante cariatide télamon
A figure of a man (often Atlas) used as a pillar for support. [from early 17th c.]

telangiectasia /tɛˌlæn.d͡ʒi.ɛkˈteɪ.zi.ə/ /ˌtɛlˌæn.d͡ʒi.ɛkˈteɪ.ʒə/ telangiectasiae telangiectasias telangiectasiæ n
télangiectasie
(medicine, pathology) A condition characterized by dilatation of the capillaries, causing them to appear as small red or purple clusters, often spidery in appearance, on the skin or the surface of an organ.

telco /ˈtɛlˌkəʊ/ telcos n
compagnie de téléphone opérateur opérateur téléphonique
(informal) A telecommunications company, a telecom.

tele- /ˈtɛl.ə/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ/ prefix
télé-
over a distance

telecommunication telecommunications n
télécommunication
(uncountable) The science and technology of the communication of messages over a distance using electric, electronic or electromagnetic impulses. [1932]

telecommute v
télétravailler
(computing) To work from home, sometimes for part of a working day or week, using a computer connected to one's employer's network or via the Internet.

telecommuting n
télétravail
The practice of using telecommunications technology to do one's work at a location remote from one's office, such as one's home, an Internet café, etc.

telega /tɪˈleɪɡə/ telegas telegi n
télègue téléga
A simple four-wheeled Russian cart without springs.

telegenic more telegenic most telegenic adj
télégénique
having an appearance and exhibiting qualities thought to be attractive to television viewers

telegony n
télégonie
The belief that, in the case of siblings from the same mother but different fathers, the second sibling could inherit characteristics from the father of the first.

telegram /ˈtɛləˌɡɹæm/ telegrams n
télégramme dépêche
A message transmitted by telegraph.

telegraph /ˈtɛl.ə.ɡɹæf/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹæf/ telegraphs n
télégraphe
(chiefly, _, historical) The electrical device gradually developed in the early 19th century to transmit messages (telegrams) using Morse code; the entire system used to transmit its messages including overhead lines and transoceanic cables.

telegraph /ˈtɛl.ə.ɡɹæf/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.ɡɹæf/ v
télégraphier dépêcher
To use a telegraph.

telegraph post telegraph posts n
poteau télégraphique
A pole, usually wooden, that carries telephone lines above a street.

telegraphic more telegraphic most telegraphic adj
télégraphique
Of, or relating to the telegraph.

telegraphy /təˈlɛɡɹɑːfi/ /təˈlɛɡɹəfi/ telegraphies n
télégraphie
Any process for transmitting arbitrarily long messages over a long distance using a code, especially by means of electrified wires or radio waves using Morse code.

telekinesis /ˌtɛləkɪˈniːsɪs/ telekineses n
télékinésie
(uncountable) The ability to move objects with the power of one's mind.

telemark /ˈtɛləˌmɑɹk/ telemarks n
télémark
(uncountable, skiing) Telemark skiing, a method of skiing using the telemark turn and a binding that only connects the boot to the ski at the toes.

telemarketing n
démarchage téléphonique télémarketing
The business of selling products or services by making unsolicited telephone calls to potential customers.

telematic /tɛləˈmætɪk/ more telematic most telematic adj
télématique
Of or pertaining to telematics.

telematics /tɛləˈmætɪks/ n
télématique
The science of sending, receiving and storing information via telecommunication devices.

telemedicine n
télémédecine
The transfer of medical information via telecommunication technologies for the purpose of consulting or for remote medical procedures or examinations.

telemeter telemeters n
télémètre
Any measuring device used in telemetry.

telemetry /təˈlɛ.məˌtri/ telemetries n
télémétrie
(applied sciences) The science, and associated technology, of the automatic recording and transmission of data from a remote source to a receiving station for analysis.

telencephalon /ˌtɛlənˈsɛfəlɒn/ /ˌtɛlənˈsɛfələn/ telencephala telencephalons n
télencéphale
(neuroanatomy) The anterior part of the forebrain; the endbrain.

telenovela telenovelas n
télénovela
A television soap opera presented as a miniseries.

teleological /tɛliːəˈlɒdʒɪk(ə)l/ more teleological most teleological adj
téléologique
Of or pertaining to teleology; showing evidence of design or purpose.

teleology /ˌtiː.liˈɒ.lə.dʒi/ teleologies n
téléologie
(philosophy) The study of the purpose or design of natural occurrences.

telepathic /ˌtɛlɪˈpæθɪk/ more telepathic most telepathic adj
télépathique
(parapsychology) Of, relating to, or using telepathy.

telepathically adv
télépathiquement
(parapsychology) By means of telepathy.

telepathy /təˈlɛpəθi/ /tɛˈlɛpəθi/ /ˈtɛləpæθi/ telepathies n
télépathie
(parapsychology) The capability to communicate directly by psychic means; the sympathetic affection of one mind by the thoughts, feelings, or emotions of another at a distance, without communication through the ordinary channels of sensation.

telephone /ˈ tɛl.əˌfoʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.ɪˌfəʊn/ telephones n
téléphone
(countable) A telecommunication device (originally mechanical, and now electronic) used for two-way talking with another person (now often shortened to phone).

telephone /ˈ tɛl.əˌfoʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.əˌfəʊn/ /ˈ tɛl.ɪˌfəʊn/ v
téléphoner appeler
(ambitransitive) To (attempt to) contact someone using a telephone.

telephone booth telephone booths n
cabine téléphonique taxiphone
A small enclosure housing a public telephone.

telephone call telephone calls n
appel téléphonique coup de fil coup de téléphone
The conversation held by the two parties on this connection.

telephone conference telephone conferences n
conférence téléphonique
A conference held by telephone. An arranged phone call between more than two parties.

telephone directory telephone directories n
annuaire téléphonique annuaire
A listing of telephone subscribers in a specific geographical area, together with their telephone numbers and, sometimes, a street address.

telephone exchange telephone exchanges n
autocommutateur commutateur téléphonique
any equipment that establishes connections between telephones
the rooms housing such equipment

telephone line telephone lines n
ligne téléphonique
The infrastructure which allows a single telephone to be connected to the network and conduct independent calls.

telephone number telephone numbers n
numéro de téléphone numéro
The sequence of digits used to identify a particular destination telephone in a network.

telephone operator telephone operators n
standardiste téléphoniste
A person who operates a telephone switchboard.
téléopérateur téléopératrice téléphoniste
A person who provides assistance in establishing a connection, or who provides information or takes messages via the telephone.

telephonic adj
téléphonique
Of, pertaining to, or transmitted by telephony.

telephoto lens telephoto lenses n
téléobjectif
(photography) A lens which produces a magnified view of distant objects and which is sufficiently compact to have a physical length shorter than its focal length (as distinct from a long-focus lens).

telephotography n
téléphotographie

teleport /ˈtɛləpɔː(ɹ)t/ v
téléporter
(intransitive) To travel, often instantaneously, from one point to another without physically crossing the distance between the two points.
(transitive) To move (an object) in this fashion, as by telekinesis.

teleportation teleportations n
téléportation télétransportation
Any of many (mostly hypothetical or fictional) processes of moving matter from one spatial point to another without physically crossing the space in between and which are often depicted or described as happening instantaneously, and through dematerialization or gateways.

teleporter /tɛlipɔː(ɹ)tə(ɹ)/ teleporters n
téléporteur

teleprompter /ˈtɛləˌpɹɑmptəɹ/ teleprompters n
prompteur téléprompteur télésouffleur
A device placed near or on a television camera that displays scrolling text, allowing a person to read a script while appearing to speak spontaneously to the camera.

telescope /ˈtɛl.əˌskoʊp/ /ˈtɛl.ɪ.skəʊp/ telescopes n
télescope lunette
A monocular optical instrument that magnifies distant objects, especially in astronomy.

telescopic /tɛlɪˈskɒpɪk/ more telescopic most telescopic adj
télescopique
Pertaining to, or carried out by means of, a telescope. [from 17th c.]

telescreen telescreens n
télécran
(science fiction) A screen for broadcasting television or similar media.

teleshopping n
téléshopping
(chiefly, UK, India) Shopping from home in response to offers on television advertising or shopping channels.

telestial /təˈlɛst͡ʃəl/ adj
téleste
(Mormonism) Of or pertaining to the lowest degree of glory.

telesurveillance n
télésurveillance

telethon /ˈtɛl.əˌθɒn/ telethons n
téléthon
A televised fundraising event encouraging viewers to make donations via telephone.

teletsunami /tɛlətsuˈnɑːmi/ teletsunami teletsunamis n
télétsunami
A tsunami that travels more than 1000 kilometres from its origin before reaching land.

teletype /ˈtɛlɪˌtaɪp/ teletypes n
télétype téléimprimeur téléscripteur
(historical) A telegraph that automatically prints transmitted messages in letters rather than Morse code or other symbols, typically resembling a typewriter in appearance.

televangelist /tɛlɪˈvænd͡ʒəlɪst/ televangelists n
télévangéliste
A religious minister (often a Christian priest or minister) who devotes a large portion of his or her ministry to television broadcasts to a regular viewing audience.

televise /ˈtɛləvaɪz/ v
téléviser
To broadcast, or be broadcast, by television.

television /ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən/ /ˈtɛlɪˌvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən/ /ˌtɛlɪˈvɪʒən/ televisions n
télévision téléviseur poste de télévision télé
(countable) An electronic home entertainment device equipped with a screen and a speaker for receiving television signals and displaying them in audio-visual form.
télévision télé
(uncountable) Collectively, the programs broadcast via the medium of television.

television channel television channels n
chaîne de télévision chaine de télévision
A specific radio frequency or band of frequencies used for transmitting television.

television program television programs n
émission de télévision
The content of an individual television broadcast.

television show television shows n
émission de télé émission de télévision
A live or recorded broadcast or program, or series of broadcasts or programs, meant to be viewed on television.

television station television stations n
station de télévision
A studio or building from where a television channel is broadcast.

televoting n
télévote
A process that allows viewers to participate in a telecast through phone calls or SMS, to choose between candidates or performers to qualify or be eliminated.

telex /tɛl.ɛks/ telexes n
télex
A network of teletypes.

telicity /tiːˈlɪsɪti/ telicities n
télicité
(linguistics) The property of a verb or verb phrase that presents an action or event as being complete in some sense.

tell /tɛl/ [tʰɛl] [tʰɛɫ] v
dire
(transitive) To order; to direct, to say to someone.
se voir
(transitive, or, intransitive) To discern, notice, identify or distinguish.

tell apart v
différencier distinguer
(idiomatic) To perceive things as different, or to perceive their difference itself; to differentiate, distinguish, discriminate.

tell me about it phraseologicalUnit
je ne te le fais pas dire ne m'en parle pas

tell off v
passer un savon
(transitive) To rebuke, to reprimand, or to admonish, often in a harsh, angry, direct way.

tell on v
balancer
(usually childish) To inform on, to rat out; to tell a person in authority that someone else has done something wrong.

tell the truth phraseologicalUnit
pour être honnête
(idiomatic, informal) Used to positively assert the frank honesty of an associated statement of set of statements; equivalent to "to tell the truth".

tell time v
chronométrer donner l'heure
To measure time, to determine the current time.
dire l'heure donner l'heure
(specifically) To read the time as displayed on an analog clock.

teller /ˈtɛlə/ /ˈtɛləɹ/ tellers n
conteur conteuse diseur diseuse raconteur raconteuse
A person who tells stories.
caissier caissière
(banking, chiefly, US) A bank clerk who receives and pays out money.

telltale /ˈtɛlteɪl/ more telltale most telltale adj
révélateur révélatrice
Revealing something, especially something not intended to be known.

tellurate tellurates n
tellurate
(inorganic chemistry) Any oxyanion of tellurium; any salt of telluric acid

telluric more telluric most telluric adj
tellurique
Pertaining to the Earth, earthly
(chemistry) Containing tellurium in a lower valency than in tellurous compounds.

telluride tellurides n
tellurure
(countable, inorganic chemistry) A binary compound of a metal with tellurium; metal salts of tellurane

tellurium /tɪˈljʊəɹiəm/ telluriums n
tellure
(uncountable) The chemical element with atomic number 52. Symbol: Te. A rare, brittle, mildly toxic, silver-white metalloid.

tellurometer tellurometers n
telluromètre
A surveying instrument that uses radar to measure distances.

telly /ˈtɛli/ tellies tellys n
télé téloche
(colloquial) Television.
(colloquial) A television set.

telmatology n
telmatologie

telolecithal adj
télolécithe
(of an egg) having the yolk at one end

telomere /ˈtiːləmɪəɹ/ /ˈtɛləmɪəɹ/ telomeres n
télomère
(genetics) Either of the sequences of DNA at each end of a eukaryotic chromosome.

telophase telophases n
télophase
(biology) The final stage of mitosis or meiosis during which the daughter chromosomes move towards opposite ends of the nuclear spindle

temazepam /təˈmaz.ɪ.pam/ /təˈmeɪ.zɪ.pam/ /təˈmæz.əˌpæm/ temazepams n
témazépam
(pharmaceutical drug) A compound (trademark Restoril) of the benzodiazepine class used as a tranquilizer and short-acting hypnotic.

temerarious /tɛməˈɹɛəɹiəs/ more temerarious most temerarious adj
téméraire
Characterized by temerity; recklessly daring or bold. [early 16th c.]

temerity /təˈmɛɹ.ə.ti/ /təˈmɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ /tɪˈmɛɹ.ɪ.ti/ temerities n
témérité
(uncountable) Reckless boldness; foolish bravery.

temp /tɛmp/ temps n
employé temporaire employée temporaire intérimaire
A temporary employee, usually in an office.

tempeh /ˈtɛmpeɪ/ tempehs n
tempeh
An Indonesian food made from partially-cooked soybeans fermented by a fungus (either Rhizopus oligosporus or Rhizopus oryzae).

temper /ˈtɛmpə/ /ˈtɛmpɚ/ tempers n
caractère tempérament
A general tendency or orientation towards a certain type of mood, a volatile state; a habitual way of thinking, behaving or reacting.
humeur état d'esprit
State of mind; mood.
The state of any compound substance which results from the mixture of various ingredients; due mixture of different qualities.
recuit
The heat treatment to which a metal or other material has been subjected; a material that has undergone a particular heat treatment.

temper /ˈtɛmpə/ /ˈtɛmpɚ/ v
recuire
To strengthen or toughen a material, especially metal, by heat treatment; anneal.

tempera /ˈtɛmpəɹə/ temperas n
tempera tempéra
A medium used to bind pigments in painting, as well as the associated artistic techniques.

temperament /ˈtɛm.pə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɚ.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɚ.ə.mənt/ /ˈtɛm.pɹə.mənt/ temperaments n
tempérament
A person's usual manner of thinking, behaving or reacting.

temperamental more temperamental most temperamental adj
caractériel
Subject to changing and unpredictable emotional states; moody, capricious.
(of a machine or of software, figuratively) User-unfriendly, unstable, that is complicated or has poorly written instructions and is subsequently difficult to operate.

temperance /ˈtɛmpəɹəns/ temperances n
sobriété
Habitual moderation in regard to the indulgence of the natural appetites and passions; restrained or moderate indulgence.
tempérance sobriété
Moderation of passion; calmness.
tempérance
(obsolete) State with regard to heat or cold; temperature.

temperate /ˈtɛmpəɹət/ more temperate most temperate adj
tempéré
Moderate; not excessive

temperate zone temperate zones n
zone tempérée
Those parts of the Earth's surface between the tropics and the polar regions

temperature /ˈtɛm.pə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹ.əˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pəɹˌt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɛm.pɹə.t͡ʃə/ /ˈtɛm.pɹəˌt͡ʃɚ/ [ˈtʰɛm.pʰəɹˌt͡ʃɚ] [ˈtʰɛm.pʰɹəˌt͡ʃɚ] temperatures n
température
A measure of cold or heat, often measurable with a thermometer.
(thermodynamics) A property of macroscopic amounts of matter that serves to gauge the average intensity of the random actual motions of the individually mobile particulate constituents.

tempest /ˈtɛmpəst/ tempests n
tempête
A storm, especially one with severe winds.

tempest in a teapot tempests in teapots n
tempête dans un verre d'eau
(idiomatic) A major fuss over a trivial matter.

tempestuous more tempestuous most tempestuous adj
tempétueux
Of, or resembling, a tempest; stormy, tumultuous.

tempestuously more tempestuously most tempestuously adv
tempétueusement
In a tempestuous manner.

template /ˈtɛm.pleɪt/ /ˈtɛm.plət/ /ˈtɛm.plɪt/ templates n
modèle gabarit patron calibre réglette
A physical object whose shape is used as a guide to make other objects.
modèle
A generic model or pattern from which other objects are based or derived.
template modèle
(object-oriented) A partially defined class or function, that can be instantiated in a variety of ways depending on the instantiation arguments.

temple /ˈtɛmp(ə)l/ temples n
temple
A house of worship, especially:
tempe
(anatomy) The slightly flatter region, on either side of the human head, behind the eye and forehead, above the zygomatic arch, and forward of the ear.

temple garment temple garments n
vêtements du temple
(religion, clothing) A form of underwear worn by Latter-day Saints after taking part in the endowment ceremony; they are a symbolic reminder of the covenants made in temple ceremonies.

temple name temple names n
nom de temple
A posthumous title of a Chinese, Korean or Vietnamese emperor.

tempo /ˈtɛm.pəʊ/ tempi tempos n
tempo
A frequency or rate.
(music) The number of beats per minute in a piece of music; also, an indicative term denoting approximate rate of speed in written music (examples: allegro, andante)

temporal /ˈtɛm.pə.ɹəl/ more temporal most temporal adj
temporel
(relational) Of or relating to the material world, as opposed to sacred or clerical.
temporaire
(euphemistic) Lasting for a short time only.
temporel temporaire
Of or relating to the sequence of time or to a particular time.

temporal bone temporal bones n
os temporal
Either of two compound bones that collectively make up the sides and base of the skull.

temporal lobe temporal lobes n
lobe temporal
(neuroanatomy, anatomy) One of the four major divisions of the cerebrum of the brain, located behind the temples.

temporarily /ˈtɛmp(ə)r(ər)ɪli/ /ˌtɛmp(ə)ˈrɛrɪli/ /ˌtɛmpəˈɹɛɹəli/ adv
provisoirement temporairement
For a limited period of time; not permanently.

temporary /ˈtɛmpəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəɹəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəˌɹɛɹi/ more temporary most temporary adj
temporaire provisoire
Existing only for a short time or short times; transient, ephemeral.

temporary /ˈtɛmpəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəɹəɹi/ /ˈtɛmpəˌɹɛɹi/ temporaries n
intérimaire
One serving for a limited time; short-term employee.

temporize /ˈtɛmpəɹaɪz/ /ˈtɛmpəˌɹaɪz/ v
temporiser tergiverser
(intransitive) To deliberately act evasively or prolong a discussion in order to gain time or postpone a decision, sometimes so that a compromise can be reached or simply to make a conversation more temperate; to stall for time.

tempt /tɛmpt/ /tɛmt/ v
tenter
(transitive) To provoke someone to do wrong, especially by promising a reward; to entice.
attirer
(transitive) To attract; to allure.

tempt fate v
tenter le diable
(idiomatic) To take an extreme risk.

temptation /tɛmpˈteɪʃən/ temptations n
tentation
The act of tempting.
The condition of being tempted.

tempter tempters n
tentateur
Someone or something that tempts.

tempting /ˈtɛmp.tɪŋ/ more tempting most tempting adj
tentant
Attractive, appealing, enticing.

temptress /ˈtɛmp.tɹɛs/ temptresses n
séductrice tentatrice
An alluring woman who seduces or exploits men.

tempura /tɛmˈpu.ɹə/ /tɛmˈpɚ.ə/ /ˈtɛmpʊɹə/ tempuras n
tempura
A Japanese dish made by deep-frying vegetables, seafood, or other foods in a light batter.

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] tens n
dix
dizaine
A set or group with ten elements.

ten /tɛn/ /tɪn/ [tʰɛn] numeral
dix
The number occurring after nine and before eleven, represented in Arabic numerals (base ten) as 10 and in Roman numerals as X.

ten million numeral
dix millions
The number 10,000,000.

ten o'clock n
dix heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the eleventh hour of the day; 10:00 a.m. (10:00).

ten thousand numeral
dix mille
The cardinal number 10,000.

tenacious /təˈneɪʃəs/ more tenacious most tenacious adj
tenace
Unwilling to yield or give up; dogged.

tenacity /təˈnæs.ɪ.ti/ /təˈnæsəti/ tenacities n
ténacité
The quality or state of being tenacious, or persistence of purpose; tenaciousness.

tenancy in common tenancies in common n
copropriété indivise indivision

tenant /ˈtɛ.nənt/ tenants n
occupant
(by extension) One who has possession of any place.
locataire
(computing) Any of a number of customers serviced through the same instance of an application.

tenant /ˈtɛ.nənt/ v
louer
To hold as, or be, a tenant.

tenant farmer tenant farmers n
fermier
A person who farms land rented from a landlord.

tench /tɛnt͡ʃ/ tench tenches n
tanche
A species of freshwater game fish, Tinca tinca.

tend /tɛnd/ v
de traiter
(legal, Old English law) To make a tender of; to offer or tender.
avoir tendance à tendre
(followed by a to-infinitive) To be likely, or probable to do something, or to have a certain habit or leaning. [from mid-14th c.]

tendency /ˈtɛn.dən.si/ tendencies n
tendance
A likelihood of behaving in a particular way or going in a particular direction; a tending toward.

tendentious /tɛnˈdɛnʃəs/ more tendentious most tendentious adj
tendancieux
Having a tendency; written or spoken with a partisan, biased or prejudiced purpose, especially a controversial one.

tender /ˈtɛn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛn.də/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ/ tenderer tenderest adj
tendre sensible
Sensitive or painful to the touch.
tendre
(of food) Soft and easily chewed.
Fond, loving, gentle, or sweet.

tender /ˈtɛn.də(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛn.də/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ/ tenders n
moyen de paiement
A means of payment such as a check or cheque, cash or credit card.
offre
(legal) A formal offer to buy or sell something.

tender loving care n
soins affectueux
Considerate and compassionate care, especially as given by nurses when no other treatment is of use.

tenderfoot tenderfeet tenderfoots n
blanc-bec pied-tendre
(chiefly, North America) An inexperienced person; a novice.

tenderizer /ˌtɛndəˈɹaɪzə(ɹ)/ tenderizers n
attendrisseur
A form of mallet used to beat meat before cooking.

tenderloin tenderloins n
filet
The tenderest part of a loin of meat, especially of pork or beef.

tenderloin steak tenderloin steaks n
filet de bœuf
Any of several steaks cut from the tenderest part of the loin of beef.

tenderly /ˈtɛn.də.li/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ.li/ more tenderly most tenderly adv
tendrement
In a tender manner; gently; sweetly.

tenderness /ˈtɛn.də.nɪs/ /ˈtɛn.dɚ.nɪs/ tendernesses n
tendresse
a tendency to express warm, compassionate feelings

tendon /ˈtɛn.dən/ tendons n
tendon
(anatomy) A tough band of flexible but inelastic fibrous collagen tissue that connects a muscle with its bony attachment and transmits the force which the muscle exerts.

tendril /ˈtɛn.dɹəl/ tendrils n
vrille
(botany) A thin, spirally coiling stem that attaches a plant to its support.
cirre
(zoology) A hair-like tentacle.

tenebrosity /tɛnəˈbɹɑsəti/ /tɛnəˈbɹɒsɪti/ /tɛnɪˈbɹɒsɪti/ n
ténèbres ténébrosité
The state or quality of being tenebrose or tenebrous.

tenebrous /ˈtɛn.ə.bɹəs/ /ˈtɛn.ɪ.bɹəs/ more tenebrous most tenebrous adj
obscur ténébreux
(literary, also, figurative) Dark and gloomy; obscure. [from 15th c.]

tenement /ˈtɛnɪmənt/ tenements n
appartement logement
A building that is rented to multiple tenants, especially a low-rent, run-down one.

tenet /ˈtɛnət/ /ˈtɛnɪt/ tenets n
principe dogme croyance
An opinion, belief, or principle that is held as absolute truth by someone or especially an organization.

tenfold adj
décuple
Ten times as much or as many.

tenfold adv
décupler
By ten times as much.

tengu tengu tengus n
tengu
(Japanese mythology, Shinto) A mythical Japanese creature, typically birdlike and having a long nose.

tennessine /ˈtɛn.əˌsiːn/ n
tennesse
The chemical element (halogen) with atomic number 117

tennis /ˈtɛnɪs/ tennises n
tennis
(sports) A sport played by two players (or four in doubles), who alternately strike the ball over a net using racquets.

tennis court tennis courts n
court de tennis
(tennis) A firm, rectangular surface, marked with lines and having a net across the middle, where the game of tennis is played.

tennis elbow tennis elbows n
épicondylite
a painful inflammation of the extensor tendon of the humerus caused by overuse of the muscles of the lower arm

tennis player tennis players n
tennisman joueur de tennis tenniswoman
A person who plays tennis, especially professionally. (This entry is a translation hub.)

tennis racket tennis rackets n
raquette de tennis
(tennis) A type of bat used to strike the ball in tennis; it has an oval frame with a taut interlaced network of strings

tenon tenons n
tenon
A projecting member left by cutting away the wood around it, and made to insert into a mortise, and in this way secure together the parts of a frame.

tenoplasty tenoplasties n
ténoplastie

tenor /tɛnə(ɹ)/ tenors n
ténor
(music) A musical range or section higher than bass and lower than alto.
(archaic, music) A musical part or section that holds or performs the main melody, as opposed to the contratenor bassus and contratenor altus, who perform countermelodies.

tenosynovitis tenosynovites tenosynovitides n
ténosynovite
(pathology) An inflammation of the fluid-filled sheath (the synovium) that surrounds a tendon.

tenotomy tenotomies n
ténotomie

tens n
dizaine
(poker slang) A pair of tens.

tense /tɛns/ tenser tensest adj
tendu
Showing signs of stress or strain; not relaxed.

tense /tɛns/ tenses n
temps temps verbal
(grammar, countable) Any of the forms of a verb which distinguish when an action or state of being occurs or exists.

tense /tɛns/ v
tendre
(transitive) To make tense.
(intransitive) To become tense.

tensegrity tensegrities n
tenségrité
(architecture, physics) tensional integrity (of a structure)

tenseness tensenesses n
tension
The characteristic of being tense.

tension /ˈtɛnʃən/ tensions n
tension
Psychological state of being tense.
(physics, engineering) Voltage. Usually only the terms low tension, high tension, and extra-high tension, and the abbreviations LT, HT, and EHT are used. They are not precisely defined; LT is normally a few volts, HT a few hundreds of volts, and EHT thousands of volts.
tension traction
(physics, engineering) State of an elastic object which is stretched in a way which increases its length.

tension headache tension headaches n
céphalée de tension
A common form of headache characterised by a feeling of constant pressure, frequently on both sides of the head at the same time.

tensor /ˈtɛn.sɔɹ/ /ˈtɛn.sɔː/ /ˈtɛn.sə/ /ˈtɛn.sɚ/ tensores tensors n
tenseur
(mathematics, obsolete) A norm operation on the quaternion algebra.

tensor product tensor products n
produit tensoriel
(math) The most general bilinear operation in various contexts (as with vectors, matrices, tensors, vector spaces, algebras, topological vector spaces, modules, and so on), denoted by ⊗.

tensorial more tensorial most tensorial adj
tensoriel

tent /tɛnt/ /tɪnt/ tents n
tente guitoune
A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of skins, canvas, or some strong cloth, stretched and sustained by poles, used for sheltering people from the weather.

tent peg tent pegs n
sardine piquet
A peg, driven into the ground, to hold a rope that supports a tent.

tentacle /ˈtɛntəkəl/ /ˈtɛntɪkəl/ tentacles n
tentacule
(zoology) An elongated, boneless, flexible organ or limb of some animals, such as the octopus and squid.
(botany) One of the glandular hairs on the leaves of certain insectivorous plants.
tentacule pieuvre
(figurative) An insidious reach or influence.

tentacular /tɛnˈtækjuːlə(ɹ)/ adj
tentaculaire
Resembling a tentacle or tentacles.

tentative /ˈtɛntətɪv/ more tentative most tentative adj
provisoire approximatif
Uncertain; subject to future change.

tentatively /ˈtɛntətɪvli/ more tentatively most tentatively adv
expérimentalement
Of, or having to do with being tentative.

tenth /tɛnθ/ /tɪnθ/ [tʰɛn̪θ] adj
dixième dix
Being one of ten equal parts of a whole.

tenth /tɛnθ/ /tɪnθ/ [tʰɛn̪θ] tenths n
dixième
The person or thing coming next after the ninth in a series; that which is in the tenth position.
One of ten equal parts of a whole.

tentpole tentpoles n
mât de tente
One of the poles used to hold up a tent.

tenuous /ˈtɛn.ju.əs/ more tenuous most tenuous adj
ténu
Thin in substance or consistency.

tenure /ˈtɛn.jə/ /ˈtɛn.jɚ/ /ˈtɛn.jʊə/ tenures n
titularisation
A status of having a permanent post with enhanced job security within an academic institution.
tenure
A right to hold land under the feudal system.

teosinte /tiːoʊˈsɪnteɪ/ /tiːoʊˈsɪnti/ /tiːəʊˈsinteɪ/ teosintes n
téosinte
Any of a few species of maize-like grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua.

tepal /ˈtiːp(ə)l/ /ˈtɛp(ə)l/ tepals n
tépale
(botany) Any component of the perianth (outermost whorls of flower parts, not involved in reproduction), especially when the components are not distinguished into sepals and petals.

tephra /ˈtɛ.fɹə/ tephras n
téphra

tepid /ˈtɛpɪd/ tepider tepidest adj
tiède
Lukewarm; neither warm nor cool.
tiède atone avachi indifférent mou ramollo
Uninterested; exhibiting little passion or eagerness; lukewarm.

tequila /ˌtəˈkiː.lə/ tequilas n
tequila téquila
An alcoholic liquor distilled from the fermented juice of the Central American century plant Agave tequilana.

tera- /ˈtɛ.ɹə/ prefix
téra-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1012 (short scale trillion or long scale billion). Symbol: T

terabyte /ˈtɛɹəˌbaɪt/ [ˈtʰɛɹəˌbaɪ̯t] terabytes n
téraoctet
One trillion (1012, or 1,000,000,000,000) bytes or 1,000 gigabytes.

teraflop /ˈtɛɹəflɑp/ /ˈtɛɹəflɒp/ teraflops n
téraflop
(computing) A unit of computing power equal to one trillion (10¹²) floating-point operations per second.

teragon teragons n
téragone

terametre terametres n
téramètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 1012 metres. Symbol: Tm

teraphim /ˈtɛɹəfɪm/ teraphims n
terafim
An idol or other image of reverence and divination among the ancient Hebrews; apparently especially a kind of household god.

teratogen teratogens n
tératogène
(teratology) Any agent or substance which can cause malformation of an embryo or birth defects.

teratogenesis teratogeneses n
tératogénie tératogénèse
(teratology) The development of congenital malformations.

teratogenic more teratogenic most teratogenic adj
tératogénique tératogénétique
(teratology) Of, relating to, malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.
tératogène
(teratology) Causing malformations or defects to an embryo or fetus.

teratogenic teratogenics n
tératogène
A teratogenic agent.

teratogenicity teratogenicities n
tératogénicité
(teratology) The capability to cause malformations or defects to an embryo or foetus.

teratological adj
tératologique
(teratology) Of or relating to teratology.
(teratology) Of abnormal growth or structure of a fetus or embryo.

teratologist teratologists n
tératologiste
(teratology) A scientist specialising in teratology.

teratology teratologies n
tératologie
(medicine) The study of congenital malformations, their development, and people with them.
(toxicology) The study of the mechanisms, teratogenic agents, or teratogens, in bringing about malformations.

terawatt terawatts n
térawatt
One million million (1012) watts, abbreviated as TW.

terbinafine /tɚˈbɪn.əˌfin/ n
terbinafine
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic allylamine antifungal drug that is highly lipophilic, used in the form of its hydrochloride C21H25N·HCl orally in the treatment of onychomycosis and topically in the treatment of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and athlete's foot.

terbium /ˈtɝ.bi.əm/ n
terbium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tb) with an atomic number of 65: a soft, silvery-white, rare earth metal that is malleable and ductile.

terbuthylazine n
terbuthylazine
A selective herbicide, N-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N'-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine

terce terces n
tierce
(historical) The third hour of daylight (about 9 am).
(chiefly, Roman Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy) The service appointed for this hour.

terebinth terebinths n
térébinthe
A Mediterranean tree (Pistacia terebinthus and, possibly, Pistacia palaestina)

terebrant /-ɹɪ-/ /ˈtɛɹəbɹənt/ adj
térébrant
(entomology) Of an insect: that bores; specifically, belonging to the Terebrantia suborder of thrips which bore using their ovipositors.

teredo teredoes teredos n
taret

terephthalate terephthalates n
téréphtalate

terephthalic adj
téréphtalique

tergiversate /tɝˈd͡ʒɪvɝseɪt/ /ˈtɜːd͡ʒɪvəseɪt/ v
tergiverser dérober
(intransitive) To evade, to equivocate using subterfuge; to obfuscate in a deliberate manner.
changer de camp retourner sa chemise
(intransitive) To change sides or affiliation; to apostatize.

term /tɜːm/ /tɝm/ terms n
limite
A chronological limitation or restriction, a limited timespan.
terme expression mot
A word or phrase (e.g., noun phrase, verb phrase, open compound), especially one from a specialised area of knowledge; a name for a concept.
mandat durée
Duration of officeholding, or its limit; period in office of fixed length.
terme
(logic) The subject or the predicate of a proposition; one of the three component parts of a syllogism, each one of which is used twice.

term of address terms of address n
forme d'adresse
A word or phrase used to address or refer to someone or something without using his, her, their or its name.

term of endearment terms of endearment n
terme affectueux
A word, phrase, or nickname used as a term of address expressing affection.

term sheet term sheets n
rapport d’étape

termagant /ˈtɚməɡənt/ /ˈtɜːməɡənt/ termagants n
mégère
A quarrelsome, scolding woman, especially one who is old and shrewish.

terminal /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ more terminal most terminal adj
terminal
Appearing at the end; top or apex of a physical object.

terminal /ˈtɚmɪnəl/ terminals n
terminal aérogare
A building in an airport where passengers transfer from ground transportation to the facilities that allow them to board airplanes.
gare station
A rail station where service begins and ends; the end of the line. For example: Grand Central Terminal in New York City.
terminal
(electronics) the end of a line where signals are either transmitted or received, or a point along the length of a line where the signals are made available to apparatus.
(computing) A device for entering data into a computer or a communications system and/or displaying data received, especially a device equipped with a keyboard and some sort of textual display.
(computing) A computer program that emulates a physical terminal.

terminate /ˈtɜːmɪneɪt/ /ˈtɝmɪneɪt/ v
terminer

termination /tɚmɪˈneɪʃən/ terminations n
terminaison
The process of terminating or the state of being terminated.
(grammar) The last part of a word.
The ending up of a polypeptid chain.
fin
An end in time; a conclusion.

termination shock termination shocks n
choc terminal
(astronomy) The boundary marking one of the outer limits of the Sun's influence, where the solar wind dramatically slows.

terminator /ˈtəː.mɪ.neɪ.tə/ /ˈtɝ.mɪ.neɪ.tɚ/ terminators n
terminateur
(astronomy) The line between the day side and the night side of a moon, planet or other celestial body. [from 17th c.]
(electronics) An electrical device that absorbs reflection at the end of a transmission line.

terminological /ˌtɜɹmənəlˈɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ adj
terminologique
Of, or relating to terminology.

terminologist /tɛː(ɹ).mɪ.nɑ.lɑ.d͡ʒɪst/ terminologists n
terminologue
(translation studies) A person who studies and uses terminology, especially in professional translation project management.

terminology /ˌtɜː.məˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌtɜː.məˈnɔl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌtɝ.məˈnɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ terminologies n
terminologie
The set of terms actually used in any business, art, science, or the like; nomenclature; technical terms.

terminotics n
terminotique

terminus /ˈtɜːmɪnəs/ termini terminuses n
terminus
The end point of a transportation system, or the town or city in which it is located.

termite /ˈtɜː(ɹ).maɪt/ termites n
termite
A white-bodied, wood-consuming insect of the infraorder Isoptera, in the order Blattodea.

termitiform adj
termitiforme

termolecular adj
termoléculaire
(chemistry) Involving three molecules

terms and conditions n
termes et conditions
(legal) A specification of restrictions for the use of goods or services.

tern /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ terns n
sterne guifette
Any of various seabirds of the subfamily Sternidae (of the family Laridae) that are similar to gulls but are smaller and have a forked tail.

ternary /ˈtɜː.nə.ɹi/ /ˈtɝ.nə.ɹi/ adj
ternaire

terra firma /ˌtɛɹ.ə ˈfɜː.mə/ /ˌtɛɹ.ə ˈfɝ.mə/ n
plancher des vaches terre ferme
(colloquial) Land, as opposed to water or air.

terra incognita n
terra incognita terre inconnue
Land that has never been explored or mapped; uncharted territory.

terrace /ˈtɛɹəs/ terraces n
toit-terrasse
A flat open area on the topmost floor of a building or apartment
terrasse
A platform that extends outwards from a building.
(chiefly, Indian English) The roof of a building, especially if accessible to the residents. Often used for drying laundry, sun-drying foodstuffs, exercise, or sleeping outdoors in hot weather.
terrasse gradins
(agriculture) A raised, flat-topped bank of earth with sloping sides, especially one of a series for farming or leisure; a similar natural area of ground, often next to a river.

terracotta /ˌtɛɹ.əˈkɑt.ə/ /ˌtɛɹ.əˈkɒt.ə/ terracottas n
terre cuite
A hard red-brown unglazed earthenware, used for pottery and building construction.

terraform /ˈtɛɹəfɔː(ɹ)m/ v
terraformer
(chiefly, science fiction) To transform the atmosphere (or biosphere) of another planet into one having the characteristics of Earth.

terraforming /ˈtɛɹəfɔːmɪŋ/ n
terraformage terraformation terraforming
The hypothetical process of deliberately modifying the atmosphere, temperature, surface topography or ecology of a planet, moon, etc. to make it similar to those of Earth and thus suitable for human life.

terrain /tə.ˈɹeɪn/ terrains n
terrain
An area of land or the particular features of it.

terramare /ˌtɛɹəˈmɑːɹɪ/ /ˌtɛɹəˈmɛːɹɪ/ terramares n
terramare
(prehistory) Bronze Age lake dwellings and settlements of the Po valley in northern Italy, characterized by the presence of ammoniacal earthy deposit (black marl) in mounds.

terrapin /-ən/ /ˈtæɹəˌpɪn/ /ˈtɑɹpɪn/ /ˈtɛɚpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəpɪn/ /ˈtɛɹəˌpɪn/ terrapins n
tortue aquatique
(countable) Any of several small turtles of the families Emydidae and Geoemydidae found throughout the world.

terraqueous adj
terraqué
Of a heavenly body, comprising both land and water, like the Earth.

terrestrial /təˈɹɛstɹi.əl/ adj
terrestre
Of, relating to, or inhabiting the land of the Earth or its inhabitants, earthly.
Living or growing in or on land (as opposed to other habitat); not aquatic, etc.

terrestrial planet terrestrial planets n
planète tellurique
Any planet of the solar system or any exoplanet which is "Earth-like" in the sense that it is composed primarily of metals and rock, in contrast to a planet which is a gas giant.

terrible /ˈtɛɚbəl/ /ˈtɛɹəbəl/ /ˈtɛɹɪbəl/ /ˈtɝbəl/ more terrible most terrible terribler terriblest adj
terrible horrible épouvantable
Dreadful; causing terror, alarm and fear; awesome
terrible
Formidable, powerful.
terrible épouvantable
Intense; extreme in degree or extent.
Very bad; lousy.
horrible épouvantable
Unpleasant; disagreeable.

terribly /ˈtɛɹ.ɪ.bli/ more terribly most terribly adv
terriblement
(literary, _, or, _, dated) So as to cause terror or awe.
Very; extremely.

terrier /ˈtɛɹiə(ɹ)/ terriers n
terrier
A dog from a group of small, lively breeds, originally bred for the hunting of burrowing prey such as rats, rabbits, foxes, and even otters; this original function is reflected in some of their names (e.g. rat terrier).

terrific /təˈɹɪfɪk/ more terrific most terrific adj
terrifiant
(now, rare) Terrifying, causing terror; terrible; sublime, awe-inspiring. [from 17th c.]
fantastique formidable
Extremely good; excellent, amazing. [from 19th c.]

terrifically adv
fantastiquement formidablement

terrified /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪd/ more terrified most terrified adj
terrifié terrorisé
Extremely frightened.

terrify /ˈtɛɹɪfaɪ/ v
terrifier
To frighten greatly; to fill with terror.

territorial /ˌtɛɹ.əˈtɔɹ.i.əl/ /ˌtɛɹ.ɪˈtɔː.ɹi.əl/ more territorial most territorial adj
territorial
Of, relating to, or restricted to a specific geographic area, or territory.

territorial integrity n
intégrité territoriale
(international law) The principle that a state's borders are sacrosanct; the idea that nation-states should not promote secessionist movements or border changes in other nation-states.

territorial waters n
eaux territoriales mer territoriale
(politics, geography) A country's inland lakes and waterways as well as the portion of its coastal oceans, seas, or other adjoining bodies of water considered to fall within the political boundaries and legal jurisdiction of that country.

territorialization territorializations n
territorialisation
The process of territorializing.

territorialize v
territorialiser
(transitive) To enlarge by extension of territory.

territory /ˈtɛɹɪt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈtɛɹɪˌtɔɹi/ territories n
territoire
A large extent or tract of land; for example a region, country or district.
(Australia) One of three of Australia's federal entities, located in the country's north and southeast, with fewer powers than a state and created by an act of Parliament rather than by the Constitution: Northern Territory, Australian Capital Territory and Jervis Bay Territory.
(ecology) An area that an animal of a particular species consistently defends against its conspecifics.

terror /tɛɚ/ /ˈtɛɹ.ə/ /ˈtɛɹ.ɚ/ terrors n
terreur effroi
(countable, uncountable) Intense dread, fright, or fear.
(countable) Something or someone that causes such fear.
terrorisme
(uncountable) Terrorism.

terrorcore n
terreur
A European music genre that is a faster variant of hardcore techno, often incorporating samples from horror films.

terrorism /ˈtɛɹəɹɪzəm/ terrorisms n
terrorisme
(historical) The system of fear and intimidation put into place during the Reign of Terror in Revolutionary France around 1793-94.

terrorist /ˈtɛɹəɹɪst/ terrorists n
terroriste
A person, group, or organization that uses violent action, or the threat of violent action, to further political goals.

terrorize /ˈtɛɹəɹaɪz/ v
terroriser
To fill (someone) with terror; to terrify.

terry cloth terry cloths n
tissu-éponge
An absorbent cotton fabric typically used for towels and bathrobes; toweling.

terse /tɜːs/ /tɝːs/ terser tersest adj
laconique
(by extension) Of speech or style: brief, concise, to the point.
laconique lapidaire
(by extension) Of manner or speech: abruptly or brusquely short; curt.

tertiary /ˈtɜː.ʃi.ə.ɹiː/ /ˈtɝ.ʃi.æ.ɹi/ /ˈtɝ.ʃə.ɹi/ adj
tertiaire
Of third rank or order; subsequent.

tertiary colour tertiary colours n
couleur tertiaire
(British spelling) Any colour that results from the mixing of two secondary colours, or of a primary colour and an adjacent secondary colour.

terza rima /ˌtɛːtsə ˈɹiːmə/ /ˌtɝtsə ˈɹimə/ terze rime n
terza rima
(poetry) An arrangement of triplets, generally in iambic pentameter in English, with rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc.

tesla /ˈtɛslə/ tesla teslas n
tesla
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic inductivity. Symbol: T

teslameter teslameters n
teslamètre
An instrument for measuring the strength of a magnetic field in tesla.

tessellation /tɛsəˈleɪʃən/ tessellations n
dallage pavage

tesseract tesseracts n
tesseract
(mathematics, geometry) The four-dimensional analogue of a cube; a 4D polytope bounded by eight cubes (analogously to the way a cube is bounded by six squares).

tessitura /tɛsɪˈtʊəɹə/ tessituras tessiture n
tessiture
(music) The most acceptable and comfortable vocal range for a singer or musical instrument; the range in which a given type of voice presents its best-sounding timbre.

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] tests n
épreuve test
A challenge, trial.
test examen
(academia) An examination, given often during the academic term.
A session in which a product, piece of equipment, or system is examined under everyday or extreme conditions to evaluate its durability, etc.
(obsolete) Judgment; distinction; discrimination.

test /tɛst/ [tʰest] [tʰɛst] v
tester mettre à l'épreuve
To challenge.
To refine (gold, silver, etc.) in a test or cupel; to subject to cupellation.
To put to the proof; to prove the truth, genuineness, or quality of by experiment, or by some principle or standard; to try.
tester
(academics) To administer or assign an examination, often given during the academic term, to (somebody).
To place a product or piece of equipment under everyday and/or extreme conditions and examine it for its durability, etc.

test of time tests of time n
épreuve du temps

test the waters v
prendre la température tâter le terrain
(idiomatic) To explore or probe, as before making a commitment.

test tube test tubes n
éprouvette tube à essai
(chemistry) a glass tube, rounded at one end and open at the other; used for small-scale laboratory tests

test tube baby test tube babies n
bébé éprouvette bébé-éprouvette
A baby who was conceived by in vitro fertilisation and then implanted in the uterus of the mother.

testament /ˈtes.tə.mənt/ /ˈtɛs.tə.mənt/ testaments n
testament
(law) A solemn, authentic instrument in writing, by which a person declares his or her will as to disposal of his or her inheritance (estate and effects) after his or her death, benefiting specified heir(s).
One of the two parts to the scriptures of the Christian religion: the New Testament, considered by Christians to be a continuation of the Hebrew scriptures, and the Hebrew scriptures themselves, which they refer to as the Old Testament.

testamentary adj
testamentaire
(legal) of or pertaining to a will or testament

testator /tɛsˈteɪ.tɚ/ /ˈtɛˌsteɪ.tɚ/ testators n
testateur testatrice
(legal) One who makes or has made a legally valid will.

testbed v
banc de test
(transitive) With respect to a scientific theory, computational tool or new technology, to deploy such a platform.

testicle /ˈtɛstɪkəl/ testicles n
testicule
A testis: the male sex and endocrine gland, found in some types of animals, that produces sperm and male sex hormones, including the steroid testosterone.

testicular /tɛsˈtɪkjələ/ /tɛsˈtɪkjəlɚ/ adj
testiculaire
(physiology) Pertaining to one or more testicles; of the testicle(s).

testify /ˈtɛstɪfaɪ/ v
témoigner attester
To make a declaration, or give evidence, under oath.

testimony /ˈtɛstɪmoʊni/ /ˈtɛstɪməni/ testimonies n
témoignage
(legal) Statements made by a witness in court.
An account of first-hand experience.
(religion) In a church service (or religious service), a personal account, such as one's conversion, testimony of faith, or life testimony.
Witness; evidence; proof of some fact.

testing /ˈtɛs.tɪŋ/ testings n
test
The act of conducting a test; trialing, proving.

testosterone /tɛˈstɑ.stəˌɹoʊn/ /tɛˈstɒ.stə.ɹəʊn/ testosterones n
testostérone
(steroid hormone) A steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.

tetanus /ˈtɛt.nəs/ /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/ tetani tetanuses n
tétanos
(pathology, countable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.

tetany /ˈtɛtəni/ tetanies n
tétanie
(medicine) A condition characterized by painful muscular spasms, caused by faulty calcium metabolism

tetchily /ˈtɛt͡ʃ.ɪ.li/ more tetchily most tetchily adv
coléreusement furieusement irritation pétulamment
In an annoyed or irritated manner.

teth teths n
tet teth tèt
The ninth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

tether /ˈtɛðə(ɹ)/ tethers n
longe
A rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement.

tether /ˈtɛðə(ɹ)/ v
attacher
(transitive) To restrict with, or as if, with a tether.

tetherball tetherballs n
spirobole
The ball in the sport of tetherball.

tetra- /ˈtɛtɹə/ prefix
tétra-
Four.

tetrachloride tetrachlorides n
tétrachlorure
(chemistry) any chloride containing four chlorine atoms in each molecule

tetrachloroethylene tetrachloroethylenes n
tétrachloroéthylène
A chlorocarbon with the formula C2Cl4, often used in dry cleaning

tetrachromacy /ˌtɛtɹəˈkɹoʊməsi/ n
tétrachromatie tétrachromatisme
The quality of having four independent channels for conveying color information in the eye.

tetracontane tetracontanes n
tétracontane

tetracycline /ˌtɛ.tɹəˈsaɪ.kliːn/ tetracyclines n
tétracycline
(pharmaceutical drug, uncountable) A yellow crystalline broad-spectrum antibiotic C22H24N2O8 produced by streptomyces or synthetically.
(pharmaceutical drug, countable) Any of a large group of antibiotics with the same general structure derived from tetracene with many hydroxyl and other groups.

tetrad /ˈtɛtɹæd/ tetrads n
tétrade

tetradecagon tetradecagons n
tétradécagone
A polygon having fourteen sides and fourteen angles.

tetradecane tetradecanes n
tétradécane
(organic compound) Any of very many isomers of the aliphatic hydrocarbon having fourteen carbon atoms (C14H30)

tetradymite tetradymites n
tétradymite
(mineral) a grey mineral that is mostly a mixed sulfide of bismuth and tellurium

tetrahedral adj
tétraédrique tétraédral
Of, relating to, or having the shape of a tetrahedron.

tetrahedralisable adj
tétraédralisable

tetrahedrality n
tétraédralité

tetrahedralizable adj
tétraédralisable

tetrahedralization tetrahedralizations n
tétraédralisation

tetrahedrally adv
tétraédralement

tetrahedron /tɛtɹəˈhiːdɹən/ tetrahedra tetrahedrons n
tétraèdre
(geometry) A polyhedron with four faces; the regular tetrahedron, the faces of which are equal equilateral triangles, is one of the Platonic solids.

tetrahydrocannabinol /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhaɪ.dɹək.əˈnæb.əˌnɔl/ /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ).kəˈnæb.ɪn.ɒl/ /ˌtɛ.tɹəˌhʌɪ.dɹə(ʊ)ˈkæn.əb.ɪn.ɒl/ tetrahydrocannabinols n
tétrahydrocannabinol
(organic compound) The psychoactive substance present in cannabis, a hydrogenated derivative of cannabinol.

tetralogy /tɛˈtɹæləd͡ʒi/ tetralogies n
tétralogie
A set of four works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as four individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.

tetralogy of Fallot tetralogies of Fallot n
tétralogie de Fallot
(disease) A congenital heart defect, characterised by the four findings of ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy and an overriding aorta.

tetrameter tetrameters n
tétramètre
(poetry) A line in a poem having four metrical feet.

tetraneutron tetraneutrons n
tétraneutron
A hypothetical stable cluster of four neutrons.

tetraoxane /ˌtɛtɹəˈɒkseɪn/ tetraoxanes n
tétraoxane
(organic compound) A six-membered saturated heterocycle having two carbon atoms and four oxygen atoms; especially the isomer having two peroxide groups (as in the acetone peroxide dimer)

tetraplegia tetraplegias n
tétraplégie
Paralysis of all four limbs.

tetrapod /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɑd/ /ˈtɛ.tɹəˌpɒd/ adj
tétrapode
Having four limbs or feet

tetrapolar adj
tétrapolaire
Having or relating to four poles.

tetrapolis tetrapoleis n
tétrapole

tetraquark tetraquarks n
tétraquark
(physics) A hypothetical meson composed of four valence quarks.

tetrarch /ˈtɛtɹɑɹk/ /ˈtɛtɹɑːk/ tetrarchs n
tétrarque
A governor or ruler of a quarter of a country, especially of a fourth part of a province in or client state of Ancient Rome.

tetrarchic adj
tétrarchique

tetrarchy /ˈtɛtɹɑɹki/ /ˈtɛtɹɑːki/ tetrarchies n
tétrarchie
(politics) A government where power is shared by four people, especially (historical) the Herodian tetrarchy established in Judea after the death of Herod and the Tetrarchy of Diocletian which ruled the Roman Empire in the years 293-313.

tetravalent adj
tétravalent
(chemistry) Having an atomic valence of 4.

tetrodotoxin tetrodotoxins n
tétrodotoxine
(neurotoxin) A neurotoxin, originally discovered in Tetraodontiformes, and found in pufferfish, blue-ringed octopus, etc.

tetrose tetroses n
tétrose
(carbohydrate) A sugar or saccharide containing four carbon atoms.

teuthology n
teuthologie
(malacology) The branch of malacology dealing with cephalopods.

texel texels n
texel
(computer graphics) An image representing the smallest unit of a texture that may be repeated to tile a region of the display.

text /tɛkst/ texts n
texte
A book, tome or other set of writings.
A verse or passage of Scripture, especially one chosen as the subject of a sermon, or in proof of a doctrine.
texte SMS texto
(colloquial) A brief written message transmitted between mobile phones.

text /tɛkst/ v
textoter
(transitive) To send a text message to; i.e. to transmit text using the Short Message Service (SMS), or a similar service, between communications devices, particularly mobile phones.

text box text boxes n
encadré
(typography) A block of printed text contained within borders that is intended to be read separately from the major text of the page.
case champ de saisie zone de saisie
(computing, graphical user interface) A rectangular widget that accepts textual input on an interactive electronic display.

text editor text editors n
éditeur de texte
(computing) A program which allows a user to edit the contents of a text file, usually in an interactive way with immediate visual feedback.

text file text files n
fichier texte
(computing) A data file containing only plain, human-readable text, distinct from documents with embedded formatting

text message text messages n
texto SMS
A brief electronic message sent between mobile phones.

textbook /ˈtɛkst.bʊk/ textbooks n
manuel livre de classe
A coursebook, a formal manual of instruction in a specific subject, especially one for use in schools or colleges.

textbook case textbook cases n
cas d’école
A real-life case that matches the theory perfectly, a perfect example.

textile /ˈtɛks.taɪl/ textiles n
textile
(usually, in the plural) Any material made of interlacing fibres, including carpeting and geotextiles.
(naturism) A non-nudist.

textual /ˈtɛks.tju.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃu.əl/ /ˈtɛks.tʃəl/ more textual most textual adj
textuel
Of or pertaining to text as opposed to other document elements.

textual criticism textual criticisms n
critique textuelle
A field of scholarly enquiry dedicated to reconstructing the oldest form(s) of a text that is or are possible to retrieve and to explaining any attested variants.

texture /ˈtɛkst͡ʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɛkʃt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ textures n
texture
The feel or shape of a surface or substance; the smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. of something.
(arts) The quality given to a work of art by the composition and interaction of its parts.
(computer graphics) An image applied to a polygon to create the appearance of a surface.

textured vegetable protein n
protéine végétale texturisée protéine végétale texturée
A meat analog derived from soy, a by-product of extracting soybean oil, in the form of small chunks that can be reconstituted with water and cooked.

thalamegos thalamegoses n
thalamège
(historical) A state barge fitted with cabins, on the Nile

thalamic adj
thalamique
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to the thalamus.

thalamus /ˈθæləməs/ thalami thalamuses n
thalamus
(neuroanatomy) Either of two large, ovoid structures of grey matter within the forebrain that relay sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex.

thalassemia thalassemias n
thalassémie

thalassography n
thalassographie

thalassophile thalassophiles n
thalassophile
Someone who loves the sea.

thalassotherapy thalassotherapies n
thalassothérapie
(medicine) The therapeutic use of seawater.

thalidomide /θəˈlɪdəˌmaɪd/ thalidomides n
thalidomide
(pharmaceutical drug) A drug sold during the late 1950s and early 1960s as a sleeping aid, and to pregnant women as an antiemetic to combat morning sickness and other symptoms, but withdrawn as causing severe birth defects, such as phocomelia; currently used to treat leprosy.

thallium /ˈθæliəm/ thalliums n
thallium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tl) with atomic number 81: a gray post-transition metal that discolors when exposed to air.

thallus /ˈθæl.əs/ thalli thalluses n
thalle
(botany) An undifferentiated plant body, such as in algae.
(botany) Any plant body lacking vascular tissue.

thalweg /ˈtaːlvɛç/ /ˈtɑl.vɛɡ/ /ˈtɑːlvɛɡ/ /ˈθɑːlwɛɡ/ thalwege thalwegs n
thalweg
(geology, geography, cartography) The line that connects the lowest points in a valley or river channel, and thus the line of fastest flow or deepest water along a river’s course.

than /ðæn/ /ðən/ /ðɛn/ [ðn̩] preposition
que
introduces a comparison, and is associated with comparatives, and with words such as more, less, and fewer. Typically, it seeks to measure the force of an adjective or similar description between two predicates.

thanakha /ta.na.ka/ n
thanaka
A yellowish-white cosmetic paste made from ground wood apple tree bark, worn mainly by Burmese women.

thanato- prefix
thanato-
death

thanatologist thanatologists n
thanatologue
One who studies death.

thanatology /ˌθæ.nəˈtɑl.əd͡ʒ.i/ /θan.əˈtɒl.əd͡ʒ.i/ thanatologies n
thanatologie
The scientific study of death and the practices associated with it, including the study of the needs of the terminally ill and their families.

thanatophobia n
thanatophobie
Fear of death.

thank /ðæŋk/ /θæŋk/ [t̪eɪ̯ŋk] [ðeɪ̯ŋk] [θeɪ̯ŋk] v
remercier
(transitive) To express gratitude or appreciation toward.
(transitive) To credit or hold responsible.

thank God interjection
Dieu merci Dieu soit loué
Used to express gratitude or relief.

thank goodness interjection
Dieu soit loué Dieu merci
Used to express gratitude or relief

thank one's lucky stars v
remercier sa bonne étoile
(idiomatic) To be grateful, feel oneself fortunate (especially in avoiding some calamity).

thank you /ˈðæŋk ˌju/ /ˈθæŋk ˌju/ [ˈt̪eɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈðeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] [ˈθeɪ̯ŋk ˌju] interjection
merci je vous remercie merci bien
An expression of gratitude or politeness in response to something done or given. [from c. 1400]

thank you all interjection
merci à tous
A thank you to a group of people.

thank you very much interjection
merci beaucoup merci bien grand merci merci infiniment merci mille fois mille mercis
Said to express greater gratitude than would be conveyed by thank you.

thank-you thank-yous n
remerciement

thankful /ðæŋkfəl/ /ˈθæŋkfəl/ more thankful most thankful adj
reconnaissant
(obsolete) Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy.

thankfulness thankfulnesses n
gratitude reconnaissance
The state of being thankful.

thanks /t̪ʰaŋks/ /ðæŋks/ /θæŋks/ interjection
merci remerciement
Used to express appreciation or gratitude.

thanks /t̪ʰaŋks/ /ðæŋks/ /θæŋks/ n
remerciement merci
(obsolete)

thanks a lot interjection
merci beaucoup un grand merci
An emphatic thanks.

thanks a million interjection
mille mercis merci mille fois
(informal) thank you, intensified.

thanks for your help phraseologicalUnit
merci pour ton aide merci pour votre aide
Expresses appreciation of assistance provided or services rendered by the interlocutor.

thanks in advance interjection
merci [[d'avance]]
(This entry is a translation hub.)

thanks to preposition
grâce à
Because of; normally used with a positive connotation, though it can be used sarcastically.

thanksgiving /ˈθæŋksˌɡɪv.ɪŋ/ /ˌθæŋksˈɡɪv.ɪŋ/ thanksgivings n
remerciement
An expression of gratitude.
bénédicité grâces
A short prayer said at meals; grace, a benediction.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ adv
cela que
(degree) To a given extent or degree.
aussi si
(degree) To a great extent or degree; very, particularly (in negative constructions).

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ conjunction
pour que que
Introducing a clause that is the subject or object of a verb (such as one involving reported speech), or which is a complement to a previous statement.
que pour que
Introducing a subordinate clause expressing a reason or cause: because, in that.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ those determiner
ce cet cette
The (thing, person, idea, etc) indicated or understood from context, especially if more remote physically, temporally or mentally than one designated as "this", or if expressing distinction.

that /ðət/ /ˈd̪æt/ /ˈd̪æʈ/ /ˈd̪ɛt/ /ˈd̪ʱæʈ/ /ˈðæt/ /ˈðɛt/ pronoun
cela ça
The known (thing); used to refer to something just said.
que qui
(relative, plural that) Which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition. [from 9thc.]

that does it interjection
ça suffit
(idiomatic) Used to express annoyance or frustration or announce that one has reached the limit of one's patience or temper.

that is adv
c'est-à-dire c-à-d
(conjunctive) In other words; that is to say. Used to introduce a clarification or explanation

that one pronoun
celle-là celles-là celui-là ceux-là
A specified object, thing or person (especially one further away/over there or known or mentioned later). (This entry is a translation hub.)

that said phraseologicalUnit
ceci dit cela dit cela étant
even so

that'll be the day /ˌðætl̩ bi ðə ˈdeɪ/ /ˌðætl̩ biː ðə ˈdeɪ/ phraseologicalUnit
quand les poules auront des dents
(originally, Australia, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) Said in reply to something that one believes will never happen.

that'll do phraseologicalUnit
ça suffit
Used to acknowledge something as being sufficient.

that's a laugh interjection
la bonne blague laisse-moi rire laissez-moi rire mais bien sûr

that's a relief phraseologicalUnit
quel soulagement
that's a relief (said upon hearing good news that makes someone cease to be worried about something)

that's all phraseologicalUnit
c'est tout
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see that,‎ is,‎ all.

that's all, folks /ðæts ɔl foʊks/ /ðæts ɔːl fəʊks/ phraseologicalUnit
c’est fini, les amis
that's it; that is the end; there is no more

that's for me to know and you to find out phraseologicalUnit
ça ne regarde que moi
A phrase used to reply to a question whose answer the speaker doesn't want to reveal.

that's it phraseologicalUnit
c'est bon c'est tout voilà ça y est
that's all (there is nothing more to the issue)
ah oui c'est ça voilà
yes!, exactly!, bingo!

that's that phraseologicalUnit
un point c'est tout
(idiomatic) There is nothing more to say or to do concerning the matter and is not up for discussion or debate.

that's what's up phraseologicalUnit
c'est ça
(slang) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see that's,‎ what's up.
(slang) Used to express acquiescence or concurrence; true; indeed.

that's why adv
c'est pourquoi
a statement to emphasise the reason or explanation just given

thatch /θæt͡ʃ/ thatches n
chaume
Straw, rushes, or similar, used for making or covering the roofs of buildings, or of stacks of hay or grain.

thatch /θæt͡ʃ/ v
couvrir de chaume
To cover the roof with straw, reed, leaves, etc.

thatcher /ˈθæt͡ʃ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈθæt͡ʃ.ɚ/ thatchers n
chaumier
A person who installs thatch as a roofing material.

thaumaturge /ˈθɔ.məˌtɚd͡ʒ/ /ˈθɔːməˌtɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒ/ thaumaturges n
thaumaturge
A performer of thaumaturgy; a performer of miracles; a magician.

thaumaturgy /ˈθɔməˌtɝd͡ʒi/ /ˈθɔːmətɜːd͡ʒi/ thaumaturgies n
thaumaturgie sorcellerie
The working of miracles, wonderworking; magic, witchcraft, wizardry.

thaw /θoː/ /θɑ/ /θɔ/ /θɔː/ thaws n
dégel
The melting of ice, snow, or other frozen or congealed matter; the transformation of ice or the like into the state of a fluid; liquefaction by heat of anything congealed by frost
(figuratively) A period of relaxation, of reduced reserve, tension, or hostility or of increased friendliness or understanding.

thaw /θoː/ /θɑ/ /θɔ/ /θɔː/ v
dégeler
(intransitive) To gradually melt, dissolve, or become fluid; to soften from frozen

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ adv
le + comp., le + comp.
With a comparative or with more and a verb phrase, establishes a correlation with one or more other such comparatives.

the /jiː/ /ð/ /ðeː/ /ði/ /ðiː/ /ðə/ /ðɪ/ /ˈðiː/ /ˈðʌ/ /θeː/ article
le
Introducing a singular term to be taken generically: preceding a name of something standing for a whole class. [from 9th c.]
Used with the plural of a surname to indicate the entire family.
When stressed, indicates that it describes something which is considered to be best or exclusively worthy of attention. [from 18th c.]
because it has already been mentioned, is to be completely specified in the same sentence, or very shortly thereafter. [from 10th c.]
Used before a body part, a family member, a pet (especially of someone previously mentioned), as an alternative to a possessive pronoun. [from 12th c.]
le la les l'
The definite grammatical article that implies necessarily that the noun phrase it immediately precedes is definitely identifiable
le les
Used before a noun phrase beginning with superlative or comparative adjective or an ordinal number, indicating that the noun refers to a single item.

the Lord's Anointed pn
oint du Seigneur
(Christianity) Christ or the Messiah.
A Jewish or other king by divine right.

the apple does not fall far from the tree proverb
les chiens ne font pas des chats la pomme ne tombe jamais loin de l'arbre
(idiom) A child grows up to be similar to its parents, both in behavior and in physical characteristics.

the ball is in someone's court phraseologicalUnit
la balle est dans le camp de quelqu'un

the bee's knees n
c'est le must le nec plus ultra
(idiomatic, colloquial) Something or someone excellent, surpassingly wonderful, or cool.

the best things in life are free proverb
contentement passe richesse
The most valuable things in life (e.g. friendship, courtesy) cost nothing.

the bill, please phraseologicalUnit
l'addition, s'il vous plaît
Indicates the speaker wishes to pay the bill (e.g. in a restaurant).

the biter bit n
arroseur arrosé tel est pris qui croyait prendre

the buck stops here phraseologicalUnit
c'est ici que ça s'arrête la responsabilité commence ici
(idiomatic) A statement that no excuses will be made, that the speaker is going to take direct responsibility for matters, rather than pass the responsibility to higher authorities.

the captain goes down with the ship proverb
le capitaine sombre avec son navire
A leader is ultimately responsible for the penalities of a catastrophe, even if they result from external causes or the misactions of others under the leader's purview.

the cure is worse than the disease phraseologicalUnit
le remède est pire que le mal
(figuratively) The solution or proposed solution to a problem produces a worse net result than the problem does (or threatens a non-negligible risk of doing so), especially via unintended consequences.

the customer is always right proverb
le client a toujours raison le client est roi
Service staff should give high priority to customer satisfaction.

the damage is done phraseologicalUnit
le mal est fait

the day before adv
la veille le jour précédent
On the preceding day. (This entry is a translation hub.)

the die is cast /ðə ˌdaɪ ɪz ˈkæst/ /ðə ˌdaɪ ɪz ˈkɑːst/ phraseologicalUnit
le sort en est jeté alea jacta est les dés sont jetés les jeux sont faits advienne que pourra
(idiomatic) Conclusive action has been taken, so events will proceed in an irreversible manner; the point of no return has been passed; the future is determined; there are no more options.

the dogs bark, but the caravan goes on proverb
les chiens aboient, la caravane passe
History (or progress) moves ahead, no matter the criticism it may attract.

the early bird gets the worm proverb
l'avenir appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt la vache la première au pré, lèche toute la rosée le monde appartient à ceux qui se lèvent tôt
Whoever arrives first has the best chance of success; some opportunities are available only to the first competitors.

the end /ði ɛnd/ /ðiː ɛnd/ phraseologicalUnit
fin
Used traditionally at the end of a story or film.

the end justifies the means proverb
la fin justifie les moyens qui veut la fin veut les moyens
Morally wrong actions are sometimes necessary to achieve morally right outcomes; actions can be considered morally right or wrong only by virtue of the morality of the outcome.

the end of one's rope n
au bout du rouleau en dernier ressort en désespoir de cause
(idiomatic) The point at which one has run out of options or the ability to delay.

the enemy of my enemy is my friend proverb
l’ennemi de mon ennemi est mon ami
It is sometimes necessary to cooperate with a person one does not like or agree with, in order to combat a common threat.

the first step is always the hardest proverb
il n'y a que le premier pas qui coûte

the fish rots from the head proverb
le poisson pourrit par la tête
Bad leaders harm an organization.

the fox may grow grey but never good proverb
les loups peuvent perdre leurs dents, mais non le naturel
One cannot change one's nature, no matter how much time passes.

the fuck phraseologicalUnit
putain
(vulgar, slang) Used with an interrogative pronoun as an intensifier to express anger, frustration, incredulity, or other strong emotion.
(vulgar, slang) Used after verbs forming a part of a phrasal verb as an intensifier to imply aggressive emphasis.

the grass is always greener on the other side proverb
l'herbe est toujours plus verte ailleurs l'herbe est toujours plus verte dans le pré du voisin l’herbe est plus verte ailleurs
The circumstances of others seem more desirable than one's own but in reality often are not.

the hell adv
mais bien sûr que dalle
(mildly, vulgar) Used to indicate emphatic rejection of an assertion or request.

the hell with it interjection
au diable
Forget about it; a disgusted or frustrated dismissal of something.

the jug goes to the well until it breaks proverb
tant va la cruche à l'eau qu'à la fin elle se casse
Even though you can use something, it may contain flaws that will lead it to ultimately fail.

the king is dead, long live the king! phraseologicalUnit
le roi est mort, vive le roi!

the lady doth protest too much phraseologicalUnit
la dame proteste un peu trop
It is suspected that, because someone is insisting too much about something, the opposite of what he or she is saying must be true; a hit dog will holler.

the last I heard phraseologicalUnit
aux dernières nouvelles

the line is busy phraseologicalUnit
c'est occupé la ligne est occupée
Indicates that the telephone line is busy.

the more the merrier proverb
plus on est de fous, plus on rit
Something is more fun with more people.

the more things change, the more they stay the same proverb
plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose
A change of heart must accompany experience before lasting change occurs.

the next day adv
le jour suivant le lendemain

the night is young phraseologicalUnit
la nuit ne fait que commencer on a toute la nuit devant nous
It's not very late (at night) and there's plenty of time.

the one the ones n
l'élu l'élue
(colloquial) A particular person destined to save the universe or world; the chosen one.

the one pronoun
celle celui
The person or thing.

the other day adv
l'autre jour ces derniers jours dernièrement récemment
(idiomatic) recently; lately; a few days ago.

the other way around adv
dans l'autre sens vice versa
The same but with the things or people mentioned in reverse order.

the pen is mightier than the sword proverb
la plume est plus forte que l’épée
(idiom, metonymy) More influence and power can be usurped by writing than by fighting.

the penny drops phraseologicalUnit
faire tilt la pièce est tombée le franc est tombé
(UK, informal) Understanding is reached; one comprehends.

the pitcher goes so often to the well that it is broken at last proverb
tant va la cruche à l'eau qu'à la fin elle se casse
When an object is used too much, it ultimately breaks down at some point.

the plot thickens phraseologicalUnit
le mystère s'épaissit
(idiomatic, often, _, humorous) Used to describe an increasingly complex or mysterious situation.

the proof of the pudding is in the eating proverb
il faut juger sur pièces la qualité se révèle à l’usage
One can only claim that something is a success after it has been tried out or used.

the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog phraseologicalUnit
portez ce vieux whisky au juge blond qui fume
A phrase containing every letter of the English alphabet (a pangram), used to demonstrate typographical fonts etc.

the rest is history phraseologicalUnit
le reste est de l'histoire on connaît la suite
(idiomatic) An indication that one does not need to continue narrating a story as the subsequent events are assumed to be well-known.

the road to hell is paved with good intentions proverb
l'enfer est pavé de bonnes intentions
Well-intended acts can potentially lead to disasters.

the shit n
de la balle de la bombe tuerie
(vulgar, colloquial, slang) Something considered to be excellent or the best of its kind.

the shoemaker's children go barefoot proverb
les cordonniers sont toujours les plus mal chaussés
One often neglects those closest to oneself.

the show must go on phraseologicalUnit
le spectacle doit continuer
(idiomatic) One must finish what one has started; things must continue no matter what.

the sky is the limit proverb
rien n'est impossible
Nothing is impossible or out of reach.

the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak proverb
l'esprit est prompt, mais la chair est faible
As much as one wishes to achieve something, the frailties of the human body often make it impossible. Sometimes extended to jocular or organizational referents.

the story goes phraseologicalUnit
il parait on dit

the straw that broke the camel's back n
la goutte d'eau qui fait déborder le vase
(idiomatic) A small and seemingly insignificant addition to a burden that renders it too much to bear; the small thing which causes failure, or causes inability or unwillingness to endure any more of something.

the thing is phraseologicalUnit
le truc, [[c'est]] que ...
(idiomatic, colloquial) Used to introduce the main point or issue.

the toilet is clogged phraseologicalUnit
les toilettes sont bouchées
Indicates that the toilet is clogged.

the way things are going phraseologicalUnit
au train où vont les choses si ça continue comme ça à ce rythme-là

the whole while n
tout le temps
(of duration) Always; constantly, all the time; (for) the complete duration.

the wolf may lose his teeth but never his nature proverb
chassez le naturel, il revient au galop
One cannot change one's nature, no matter how much time passes.

thealogy thealogies n
théalogie

theandric adj
théandrique
(theology) Relating to, or existing by, the union of divine and human operation in Christ, or the joint agency of the divine and human nature.

theater /ˈθi(ə)tɚ/ /ˈθi.eɪ.tɚ/ /ˈθiətə/ /ˈθiː.ə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tə/ /ˈθɪə.tɚ/ /θiˈeɪ.tə/ /θiˈɛt.ə/ [ˈθiə̯tɜ] [ˈθiə̯ɾɜ] theaters n
théâtre
A place or building, consisting of a stage and seating, in which an audience gathers to watch plays, musical performances, public ceremonies, and so on.
Drama or performance as a profession or art form.

theater of war theaters of war n
théâtre des opérations
The area in which armed conflict takes place.

theatrical /θiˈæt.ɹɪ.kəl/ more theatrical most theatrical adj
théâtral
Of or relating to the theatre.
Fake and exaggerated.

theatricality theatricalities n
théâtralité
theatrical behaviour and mannerisms

thee /ðiː/ pronoun
te toi
(now, chiefly, archaic, literary) Objective and reflexive case of thou. [from 8th c.]

theft /θɛft/ thefts n
vol
The act of stealing property.

theine /ˈteɪ.iːn/ /ˈθeɪ.iːn/ /ˈθiː.iːn/ n
théine
(organic compound) Caffeine when present in tea.

their /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ determiner
leur leurs
Belonging to, from, of, or relating to, them (plural).

theirs /ðɛəz/ /ðɛɚz/ /ðɛɹz/ /ðɛːz/ pronoun
la leur le leur les leurs
That which belongs to them; the possessive case of they, used without a following noun.

theism /ˈθiː.ɪz.əm/ theisms n
théisme
Belief in the existence of at least one deity.
(narrowly) Belief in the existence of a personal creator god, goddess, gods and/or goddesses present and active in the governance and organization of the world and the universe. The God may be known by or through revelation.

thelygenous adj
thélygène

them /ðəm/ /ðɛm/ /ðʌm/ [d̪ɛm] [d̪ʌm] pronoun
leur les elles eux
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.
Used as the direct object of a verb.
Used as the indirect object of a verb.
Used as the object of a preposition.

thematic /θɛˈmætɪk/ /θɪˈmætɪk/ more thematic most thematic adj
thématique
Relating to, or having a or a topic.
(history) Of or relating to a .

thematic vowel thematic vowels n
voyelle thématique

thematically more thematically most thematically adv
thématiquement
In a thematic manner

thematology thematologies n
thématologie
The study of themes in literature, especially that of a geographically distributed culture.

theme /θiːm/ themes n
thème
A subject, now especially of a talk or an artistic piece; a topic.
Any of various colors, or color palettes, in which a design is offered; (GUI) any of various skins for an app, affecting the visuals and perhaps other elements such as sound effects.
A recurring idea; a motif.
(music) The main melody of a piece of music, especially one that is the source of variations.

theme park theme parks n
parc à thèmes
An amusement park that has one or more specific central themes, often as part of its name.

theme song theme songs n
indicatif musical
(music, broadcasting) A song which accompanies a television or radio program, usually as an intro or outro.

themselves /ðəmˈsɛlvz/ /ðɛmˈsɛlvz/ pronoun
se
(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person plural personal pronoun. The group of people, animals, or objects previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).
se elles-mêmes eux-mêmes
(reflexive pronoun) The reflexive case of they, the third-person singular personal pronoun. The single person previously mentioned, as the object of a verb or following a preposition (also used for emphasis).

then /ðen/ /ðɛn/ adv
alors là
(temporal location) At that time.
ensuite puis
(temporal location) Soon afterward.
puis ensuite
(sequence) Next in order of place.
alors auquel cas
(conjunctive) In that case.
cependant en même temps
(sequence) At the same time; on the other hand.

then and there adv
immédiatement
(idiomatic) Right at that moment in time and on the spot; immediately.

thence /ðɛns/ adv
de là dès lors
(formal) From there, from that place or from that time.

thenceforth /ˌðɛnsˈfɔːɹθ/ /ˌðɛnsˈfɔːθ/ adv
dès lors
From that time on.

theo- prefix
théo-
(religion) god; deity

theobromine theobromines n
théobromine
(chemistry) An alkaloid, of similar structure to caffeine, found in chocolate and cocoa.

theocentric /θiːəʊˈsɛntɹɪk/ more theocentric most theocentric adj
théocentrique
Having God as main focus: with God, a god, or gods as the focal point.

theocracy /θiːˈɒkɹəsi/ theocracies n
théocratie
Government under the control of a state religion.
Rule by a god.

theocrat theocrats n
théocrate
(politics, religion) The ruler of a theocracy, a priest-king.
(politics, religion) A proponent of theocracy.

theocratic more theocratic most theocratic adj
théocratique
Pertaining to theocracy.
(Jehovah's Witnesses) Conforming to God-rule, by Christian behavior.

theodicy /θiˈɑd.ɪ.si/ /θiːˈɒd.ɪ.si/ theodicies n
théodicée
(theology, philosophy) A justification of a deity or of particular attributes of a deity; specifically, a justification of the existence of evil and suffering in the world; a work or discourse justifying the ways of God.

theodolite /θiːˈɒdəlaɪt/ theodolites n
théodolite
A surveying instrument, consisting of a small mounted telescope, used to measure horizontal and vertical angles.

theogony /θɪˈɑːɡənɪ/ /θɪˈɒɡənɪ/ theogonies n
théogonie
(chiefly, in ancient, _, religion) The origination of gods or a narrative describing the origin of gods.

theologian /θi.əˈloʊd͡ʒən/ theologians n
théologien théologienne
One who studies theology.

theological /θi.əˈlɑd͡ʒɪkl/ /θɪəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl/ adj
théologique
Of or relating to theology.

theologically more theologically most theologically adv
théologiquement
In a theological manner.

theologize v
théologiser
(intransitive) To discuss or speculate about theological subjects.

theologoumenon theologoumena n
théologoumène
A theological statement which is of individual opinion and not doctrine.

theology /θi.ˈɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ theologies n
théologie
(uncountable) The study of God, a god, or gods; and of the truthfulness of religion in general. [from mid-14th c.]

theomachy /θiˈɑm.ə.ki/ /θiˈɒm.ə.ki/ theomachies n
théomachie
A fight against the gods, as the mythological battle of the giants against the gods.

theomancy n
théomancie
(historical) A kind of divination drawn from the responses of oracles.

theonym theonyms n
théonyme
The name of a deity.

theophany /θiːˈɒfəni/ theophanies n
théophanie
A manifestation of a deity to a person.

theophoric adj
théophore
(of a name) Containing the name of a deity.

theophylline /θi.əˈfɪl.iːn/ /θi.əˈfɪl.ɪn/ /θiˈɑf.əl.ɪn/ n
théophylline
(organic chemistry, pharmaceutical drug) A bitter crystalline compound present in small quantities in tea leaves, isomeric with theobromine; used as a drug in therapy for respiratory diseases.

theorbo /θi.ˈɔɹ.boʊ/ /θi.ˈɔː.bəʊ/ theorboes theorbos n
théorbe téorbe
(musical instruments) A baroque, double-necked lute having an extra set of open bass strings.

theorem /ˈθiː.ə.ɹəm/ /ˈθɪəɹ.əm/ theorems n
théorème
(mathematics) A mathematical statement of some importance that has been proven to be true. Minor theorems are often called propositions. Theorems which are not very interesting in themselves but are an essential part of a bigger theorem's proof are called lemmas.
(mathematics, colloquial, nonstandard) A mathematical statement that is expected to be true

theorematic more theorematic most theorematic adj
théorématique théorémique
Of, relating to, or contained in a theorem.

theoretic /ˌθiːəˈɹɛtɪk/ /ˌθɪə̯ˈɹɛtɪk/ more theoretic most theoretic adj
théorétique
Concerned with theories or hypotheses rather than with practical matters.
théorique
Existing only in theory, not proven in reality.

theoretical /ˌθi.əˈɹɛtɪkəl/ /ˌθɪə̯ˈɹɛtɪkəl/ more theoretical most theoretical adj
théorique
Of or relating to theory; abstract; not empirical.

theoretically adv
théoriquement en théorie
in theory; on paper

theorisation theorisations n
théorie
(countable) Something theorised; a theory.

theorist /ˈθiːəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹəst/ /ˈθɪəɹɪst/ /ˈθɪɹəst/ theorists n
théoricien théoricienne
Someone who constructs theories, especially in the arts or sciences.

theorize /ˈθi.ə.ɹaɪz/ /ˈθiː.ə.ɹaɪz/ /ˈθiː.ə.ɹɑɪz/ /ˈθɪə.ɹaɪz/ /ˈθɪə.ɹɑɪz/ /ˈθɪɹ.aɪz/ /ˈθɪɹ.ɑɪz/ v
théoriser
To formulate a theory, especially about some specific subject.

theory /ˈθi.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθiː.ə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪə.ɹi/ /ˈθɪɚ.i/ /ˈθɪɹ.i/ theories n
théorie
A description of an event or system that is considered to be accurate.
(sciences) A coherent statement or set of ideas that explains observed facts or phenomena and correctly predicts new facts or phenomena not previously observed, or which sets out the laws and principles of something known or observed; a hypothesis confirmed by observation, experiment etc. [from 17th c.]
(mathematics) A field of study attempting to exhaustively describe a particular class of constructs. [from 18th c.]
(countable, logic) A set of axioms together with all statements derivable from them; or, a set of statements which are deductively closed. Equivalently, a formal language plus a set of axioms (from which can then be derived theorems). The statements may be required to all be bound (i.e., to have no free variables).

theory of value theories of value n
théorie de la valeur
(economics) an economic theory that attempts to explain the exchange value or price of goods and services

theosis /θiːˈəʊsɪs/ n
théosis
The likeness to or union with God; deification.

theosophic /ˌθi.əˈsɑ.fɪk/ /ˌθiː.əˈsɒf.ɪk/ adj
théosophique
Of, or relating to theosophy.

theosophy [θi.ˈɑs.ə.fi] [θɪˈɒsəfɪ] theosophies n
théosophie
(philosophy, religion) Any doctrine of religious philosophy and mysticism claiming that knowledge of God can be attained through mystical insight and spiritual ecstasy, and that direct communication with the transcendent world is possible.

therapeutic /θɛɹəˈpjuːtɪk/ more therapeutic most therapeutic adj
thérapeutique
Of, or relating to therapy.

therapist /ˈθɛɹəpɪst/ therapists n
thérapeute
Someone who provides therapy, usually professionally.

therapy /ˈθɛɹ.ə.pi/ therapies n
thérapie
Attempted remediation of a health problem following a diagnosis, usually synonymous with treatment.

there /ðeː(ɹ)/ /ðə(ɹ)/ /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛɹ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ adv
là y là-bas
(location) In a place or location (stated, implied or otherwise indicated) at some distance from the speaker (compare here).
là y là-bas ici
(figuratively) In that matter, relation, etc.; at that point, stage, etc., regarded as a distinct place.
y là
(location) To or into that place; thither.

there /ðeː(ɹ)/ /ðə(ɹ)/ /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛɹ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ interjection
là voilà
Used to express victory or completion.

there /ðeː(ɹ)/ /ðə(ɹ)/ /ðɚ/ /ðɛə(ɹ)/ /ðɛɚ/ /ðɛɹ/ /ðɛː(ɹ)/ pronoun
il y a
Used with other intransitive verbs of existence, in the same sense, or with other intransitive verbs, adding a sense of existence.

there are phraseologicalUnit
il y a
. see also there is.

there are none so blind as those who will not see proverb
il n’est pire aveugle que celui qui ne veut pas voir

there are plenty of fish in the sea proverb
un de perdu, dix de retrouvés une de perdue, dix de retrouvées
There are many more potential opportunities available.

there are two sides to every question proverb
toute médaille a son revers
One should not make a judgement until one hears the other side.

there be v
il y a y avoir
The specified thing exists, physically or abstractly.

there is an exception to every rule proverb
c'est l'exception qui confirme la règle il n'y a pas de règle sans exception
Usually said in a situation when the rule is incorrect and unusable.

there is nothing new under the sun proverb
rien de nouveau sous le soleil
There is nothing truly novel in existence; every new idea has some sort of precedent or echo from the past.

there isn't any easy way to say this phraseologicalUnit
ce n'est pas une chose simple à dire
Used to introduce bad news.

there you go phraseologicalUnit
ça y est
You have done it, or are doing it, correctly.

there you have it phraseologicalUnit
ça y est
(idiomatic) That is it; that is the situation or state of things.

there's been an accident phraseologicalUnit
il y a eu un accident
Indicates that an accident has occurred.

there's life in the old dog yet phraseologicalUnit
c’est dans les vieux pots qu’on fait la meilleure soupe

there's many a good tune played on an old fiddle proverb
c'est dans les vieux pots qu'on fait la meilleure soupe
Just because something or someone is old does not mean that it or they are no longer useful or worthwhile.

there's many a slip twixt cup and lip proverb
il y a loin de la coupe aux lèvres
In any situation, however well planned, something can always go wrong.

there's more than one way to skin a cat proverb
il y a plusieurs façons de plumer un canard tous les chemins mènent à Rome
(originally, US) A problem generally has more than one solution; there is more than one way to achieve a goal.

there's no accounting for taste proverb
des goûts et des couleurs, on ne discute pas
In subjective matters of taste, people have wildly different opinions; disagreements about matters of taste cannot be objectively resolved.

there's no fool like an old fool proverb
on fait des sottises à tout âge il n'y a que les imbéciles qui ne changent pas d'avis
If a person does not develop wisdom with age, then their foolishness is all the more obvious and shameful.

there's no place like home proverb
il n'y a pas de petit chez soi on n'est bien que chez soi
One feels most comfortable at home.

there's no point crying over spilt milk proverb
le deuil de l'eau renversée ne vaut rien

there's no such thing as a free lunch phraseologicalUnit
on n'a rien sans rien tout a un prix
Nothing is free; even things that appear free often have to be paid in the end.

thereafter /ˌðɛəɹˈæf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˌðɛəɹˈɑːf.tə(ɹ)/ /ˌðɛɹˈæf.tɚ/ adv
ensuite après quoi à la suite de quoi
After that, from then on; thenceforth.

thereagainst adv
ci-contre
(archaic) In opposition to or against it; contrary to it; against that.

thereby /ðɛəˈbaɪ/ /ðɛɹˈbaɪ/ adv
ainsi de ce fait par là
(formal) By it; by that; by that means, or as a consequence of that.

therefore /ˈðɛəfɔː/ /ˈðɛɚ.fɔɹ/ /ˈðɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/ adv
donc par conséquent en conséquence pour ça
(conjunctive) Consequently, by or in consequence of that or this cause; referring to something previously stated.

therefrom /ˌðeəˈfɹɒm/ adv
de là
(formal) From that.

therein lies the rub phraseologicalUnit
c'est là que le bât blesse

thereinafter adv
suivant
in the following part (of a document or speech)

theremin /ˈθɛ.ɹɪ.mɪn/ /ˈθɛə.ɹəˌmɪn/ theremins n
thérémine thereminvox éthérophone
An electronic musical instrument that generates sound of varying pitch and volume depending on the proximity of the musician’s hands to two antennae mounted on the instrument.

thereof /ðɛəˈɹɒv/ /ðɛˈɹʌv/ adv
en ceci cela de ça
Of this, that, or it.

thereon /ðɛəˈɹɒn/ /ðɛˈɹɑn/ /ðɛˈɹɔn/ adv
jusque-là
on that.

theretofore adv
jusque-là
Until that time.
Before that.

thereunder adv
sous lequel
Under that; under it.

thereupon /ˌðɛəɹəˈpɒn/ /ˌðɛɹəˈpɑn/ /ˌðɛɹəˈpɔn/ adv
là-dessus sur ce
Following that; forthwith; in sequence, but not necessarily in consequence.

therewithal adv
avec quoi
in addition; besides; with all this/that

theriac /ˈθɪriˌæk/ /ˈθɪəriˌæk/ /ˈθɪərɪak/ theriacs n
thériaque
(historical, _, medicine) A universal antidote against all poisons, particularly medicines considered to derive from a recipe of the Roman physician Andromachus and representing an improvement on mithridate.

therian therians n
thérien
Any member of the taxonomic subclass Theria, the placental and marsupial mammals.

therianthrope /-æn-/ /ˈθiːɹ-/ /ˈθɛɹ.i.ənˌθɹoʊp/ therianthropes n
homme-bête thérianthrope
(mythology) Any mythical being which is part human, part animal.

therianthropy /ˌθɛɹiˈænθɹəpi/ n
thérianthropie

thermal /ˈθɝməl/ adj
thermique thermal
Pertaining to heat or temperature.
thermique
(fabric) Providing efficient insulation so as to keep the body warm.
Caused or brought about by heat.

thermal /ˈθɝməl/ thermals n
thermique
(meteorology) A column of rising air in the lower atmosphere created by uneven heating of a planet's surface.

thermal camera thermal cameras n
caméra thermique
A camera that is sensitive to infrared radiation (heat) instead of visible light as ordinary camera.

thermal energy thermal energies n
énérgie thermique
(engineering) A form of energy; sensible energy; heat

thermal radiation n
radiation thermique
(physics) The electromagnetic radiation emitted from a body as a consequence of its temperature; increasing the temperature of the body increases the amount of radiation produced, and shifts it to shorter wavelengths (higher frequencies) in a manner explained only by quantum mechanics.

thermalism n
thermalisme
(medicine) The therapeutic use of hot-water springs

thermionic adj
thermoïonique
Involving the emission of electrons from a heated electrode.

thermistor thermistors n
thermistance
(electronics) A resistor whose resistance varies rapidly and predictably with temperature and as a result can be used to measure temperature.

thermo- /θɝmoʊ-/ prefix
thermo-
thermal: heat; temperature.

thermochemistry n
thermochimie
(chemistry, physics) The study of the thermodynamics of chemical reactions.

thermocline thermoclines n
thermocline
(geography) A layer within a body of water or air where the temperature changes rapidly with depth.

thermodesorption thermodesorptions n
thermodésorption

thermodynamic /ˌθɝmoʊdaɪˈnæmɪk/ adj
thermodynamique
Of, or relating to the conversion of heat into other forms of energy.
(physics) Of, or relating to thermodynamics.

thermodynamic equilibrium thermodynamic equilibria n
équilibre thermodynamique
(physics) The state of a system in which its energy distribution is such that all parts of the system have the same temperature and no heat flows.

thermodynamics /-dɪ-/ /-mə-/ /-məʊ-/ /ˌθɜː(ɹ)moʊdaɪˈnæmɪks/ n
thermodynamique
(physics) The science of the conversions between heat and other forms of energy.

thermoelectric more thermoelectric most thermoelectric adj
thermoélectrique
Of, pertaining to, or exhibiting thermoelectricity

thermoelectricity n
thermoélectricité
(physics) The direct conversion of heat into electricity

thermogenesis n
thermogenèse

thermologist /θə(ɹ)ˈmɒləd͡ʒɪst/ thermologists n
thermgiste
One who practices thermology.

thermolysis thermolyses n
thermolyse
(chemistry) The dissociation or decomposition of a material as a result of being heated

thermometer /θəˈmɒmɪtə/ /θɚˈmɑmɪtɚ/ thermometers n
thermomètre
An apparatus used to measure temperature.

thermometric adj
thermométrique
Of or pertaining to the measurement of temperature

thermometry n
thermométrie

thermonuclear adj
thermonucléaire
Of, or relating to the fusion of atomic nuclei at high temperatures.

thermophile thermophiles n
thermophile
(biology) An organism that lives and thrives at relatively high temperatures; a form of extremophile; many are members of the Archaea.

thermoplastic adj
thermoplastique
softening when heated and hardening when cooled, and thus able to be moulded

thermoplastic thermoplastics n
thermoplastique
A plastic with this property.

thermopolium thermopolia n
thermopolium
(historical, Ancient Rome) A place where food and hot drinks were sold.

thermoregulation n
thermorégulation
(biology) The maintenance of a constant internal temperature of an organism independent of the temperature of the environment

thermos /ˈθɜː.mɒs/ /ˈθɝ.məs/ thermoses n
thermos
A bottle, flask or similar vessel having a vacuum between its inner and outer silvered walls; designed to maintain the temperature of its contents

thermosphere thermospheres n
thermosphère
The layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the mesosphere and directly below the exosphere.

thermostat /ˈθɝmoʊstæt/ /ˈθɝməstæt/ thermostats n
thermostat
A device that automatically responds to changes in temperature by activating a heating or cooling system to maintain the temperature at a desired setting.

thermotropism thermotropisms n
thermotropisme
(botany) Thermotropic movement of a plant or plant part in response to changes in temperature.

therophyte /ˈthɪəɹəʊfaɪt/ therophytes n
thérophyte
(biology) Any plant which survives unfavourable seasons in the form of seeds only

thesaurus /θɪˈsɔːɹəs/ thesauri thesauruses n
thésaurus dictionnaire des synonymes dictionnaire de notions dictionnaire par ordre de matières
A publication, traditionally in the form of a book and now often online, that provides synonyms (and sometimes antonyms and other semantic relations) for the words of a given language.

these /ðiz/ /ðiːz/ determiner
ces ces …-ci
plural of this

these /ðiz/ /ðiːz/ pronoun
celles-ci ceux-ci
plural of this

these days adv
ces jours-ci de nos jours
Currently, at present.

thesis /ˈθisiz/ /ˈθisɪs/ /ˈθiːsiːz/ /ˈθiːsɪs/ /ˈθɛsɪs/ theses n
thèse
(rhetoric) A proposition or statement supported by arguments.
(by extension) A lengthy essay written to establish the validity of a thesis (sense 1.1), especially one submitted in order to complete the requirements for a non-doctoral degree in the US and a doctoral degree in the UK; a dissertation.

thesis defense thesis defenses n
soutenance
(academy) The final step in earning a doctorate: an oral examination in which the doctorand publicly defends his/her thesis to the examiners.

thesmothete thesmothetes n
thesmothète

theta /ˈθeɪ.ta/ /ˈθeɪtə/ /ˈθiːtə/ [fei̯˥ tʰaː˩] thetas n
thêta
The eighth letter of the Modern Greek alphabet, ninth in Old Greek: Θ, θ.

theurgy /ˈθiːˌɜː.d͡ʒi/ /ˈθiːˌɝ.d͡ʒi/ theurgies n
théurgie
A form of magic designed to allow for worship or conjuration of, or communication with spirits or deities.

they /ðeɪ/ pronoun
elles ils eux eusse eux-autres iels
(the third-person plural nominative) A group of entities previously mentioned. [since the 1200s]
iel al ille ol ul
(the third-person singular nominative, occasionally, proscribed) A single person, previously mentioned, but typically not if previously named and identified as male or female, especially if of unknown or (since 21st century) non-binary gender. [since the 1300s]
on
(indefinite pronoun, vague meaning) People; some people; people in general; someone, excluding the speaker.

theyfab theyfabs n
theyfab

thiamine thiamines n
thiamine vitamine B1
(vitamin) One of the constituents of vitamin B complex, found in meat, yeast and bran, that is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates.

thiazine thiazines n
thiazine
(organic compound) A six-membered heterocycle containing four carbon atoms, one nitrogen and one sulfur atom, and two double bonds.

thiazole thiazoles n
thiazole
(organic compound) Any of a class of unsaturated heterocyclic compounds containing a ring of three carbon atoms, a sulphur and an nitrogen atom; especially the simplest one, C3H3SN

thick /θɘk/ /θɪk/ thicker thickest adj
épais gros
Relatively great in extent from one surface to the opposite in its smallest solid dimension.
Heavy in build; thickset.
épais
Measuring a certain number of units in this dimension.
Having a viscous consistency.
dense épais
Densely crowded or packed.
épais opaque
Impenetrable to sight.
incompréhensible
Difficult to understand, or poorly articulated.
lourd lourdingue
(informal) Stupid.
copains comme cochons
(informal) Friendly or intimate.

thick /θɘk/ /θɪk/ thicker thickest adv
épais
In a thick manner.

thick as a brick adj
bête comme ses pieds bête à manger du foin con comme la lune con comme un balai con comme un manche con comme une chaise

thick as thieves adj
comme cul et chemise comme larrons en foire copains comme cochons
(idiomatic, simile, of friends or members of a group) Intimate, close-knit, tight.

thick-billed murre thick-billed murres n
guillemot de Brünnich
A large auk, Uria lomvia.

thick-skinned thicker-skinned thickest-skinned adj
avoir le cuir épais
Not easily offended.
(obsolete) Obtuse, thick, intellectually dull or insensitive.

thicken /ˈθɪkən/ v
épaissir
(transitive) To make thicker (in the sense of wider).
lier épaissir
(transitive) To make thicker (in the sense of more viscous).
s'épaissir épaissir
(intransitive) To become thicker (in the sense of wider).
s'épaissir se densifier épaissir
(intransitive) To become thicker (in the sense of more viscous).

thickener thickeners n
épaississant
Any substance added to something in order to thicken it; a thickening agent; a binder.

thickening /ˈθɪkənɪŋ/ thickenings n
épaississement
The process of making something, or becoming, thick or viscous.
épaississant
A substance, usually a source of starch, used to thicken a sauce.

thicket /ˈθɪkɪt/ thickets n
fourré maquis
A dense, but generally small, growth of shrubs, bushes or small trees; a copse.

thickly /ˈθɪkli/ more thickly most thickly thicklier thickliest adv
épaissement
In a thick manner.

thickness /ˈθɪknəs/ thicknesses n
épaisseur grosseur
(uncountable) The property of being thick (in dimension).
épaisseur
(uncountable, countable) A measure of how thick (in dimension) something is.

thief /θif/ /θiːf/ thieves n
voleur voleuse
One who carries out a theft.

thieve /θiːv/ v
voler
(intransitive) To commit theft.

thigh /θaɪ/ thighs n
cuisse
The upper leg of a human, between the hip and the knee. [from 8th c.]

thighbone thighbones n
fémur
(skeleton) The bone that extends from the pelvis to the knee in humans; the femur.

thigmomorphogenesis n
thigmomorphogénèse

thigmotropism thigmotropisms n
thigmotropisme
(biology) Growth or motion in response to touch

thimble /ˈθɪmb(ə)l/ thimbles n
dé à coudre dé
(sewing) A pitted, now usually metal, cup-shaped cap worn on the tip of a finger, which is used in sewing to push the needle through material.

thin /ˈθɪn/ thinner thinnest adj
mince fin
Having little thickness or extent from one surface to its opposite.
mince
Very narrow in all diameters; having a cross section that is small in all directions.
maigre mince
Having little body fat or flesh; slim; slender; lean; gaunt.
liquide
Of low viscosity or low specific gravity.

thin as a rake adj
maigre comme un clou
(simile) Incredibly thin, at an unhealthy-looking level of thinness.

thin film thin films n
couche mince
A layer of material deposited on a substrate as a coating of one atom or one molecule in thickness.

thin out v
démarier éclaircir
(transitive) To make sparse; to remove some of a group of newly-planted plants in order to allow the remaining ones to grow unimpeded.

thin-skinned more thin-skinned most thin-skinned adj
susceptible
(idiomatic) Overly sensitive to criticism; quick to take offence; irritable; touchy.
à la peau fine
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see thin,‎ skinned.

thine /ðaɪn/ determiner
ta ton tes
(archaic) Singular second person prevocalic possessive determiner (preconsonantal form: thy).

thine /ðaɪn/ pronoun
la tienne le tien les tiennes les tiens
(archaic) Singular second person possessive pronoun; yours

thing /θi(ː)ŋ/ /θɪŋ/ things n
chose machin truc
That which is considered to exist as a separate entity, object, quality or concept.

thing of the past things of the past n
chose du passé être du passé
(idiomatic) Something that has gone extinct or become obsolete.

thing-in-itself things-in-themselves n
chose en soi
(from Kantian, _, philosophy, _, on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

thingamabob thingamabobs n
bidule machin truc
(slang) A thing or person whose actual name is unknown or forgotten.

thingamajig /ˈθɪŋəməˌd͡ʒɪɡ/ thingamajigs n
bidule machin patente truc trucmuche
(informal) Something that one does not know the name of.

thingy /ˈθɪŋi/ /ˈθɪŋiː/ thingies n
machin bidule chose truc
(informal) A thing (used to refer to something vaguely or when one cannot recall or does not wish to mention its name).

think /θɪŋk/ [θæŋk] thinks n
pensée réflexion
(chiefly, UK) An act of thinking; consideration (of something).

think /θɪŋk/ [θæŋk] v
penser réfléchir songer ruminer
(intransitive) To communicate to oneself in one's mind, to try to find a solution to a problem.
considérer trouver voir
(intransitive) To conceive of something or someone (usually followed by of; infrequently, by on).
penser trouver croire considérer estimer être d'avis
(transitive) To be of opinion (that); to consider, judge, regard, or look upon (something) as.
penser croire estimer
(transitive) To guess; to reckon.

think about /ˈθɪŋk əˌbaʊt/ v
penser réfléchir
(transitive) To ponder.

think again phraseologicalUnit
détrompe détrompez
Reconsider your thoughts.

think big v
voir grand

think one's shit doesn't stink v
ne pas se prendre pour de la merde péter plus haut que son cul
(vulgar) To be arrogant or overconfident.

think out loud v
penser à voix haute
To utter what one is thinking.

think over v
réfléchir
(idiomatic) To ponder or reflect on a subject.

think tank think tanks n
groupe de réflexion centre de réflexion laboratoire d’idées
(idiomatic) A group of people who collectively perform research and develop reports and recommendations on topics relating to strategic planning or public policy, and which is usually funded by corporate, government, or special interests.

think the world revolves around one v
nombril du monde

think twice v
y regarder à deux fois
(idiomatic) To reconsider, use judgement; to proceed with caution or thought.

think with one's little head v
penser avec sa bite

thinkable more thinkable most thinkable adj
pensable
Able to be thought or imagined; conceivable.

thinker /ˈθɪŋ.kə(ɹ)/ /ˈθɪŋ.kɚ/ thinkers n
penseur penseuse
One who spends time thinking, contemplating or meditating.
penseur penseuse intellectuel intellectuelle
An intellectual, such as a philosopher or theologian.

thinness thinnesses n
finesse
The state or quality of being thin.

thioether thioethers n
thioéther
(chemistry) Any analogue of an ether, or general formula RSR', in which the oxygen has been replaced by sulfur; an organic sulfide.

thiosulfate thiosulfates n
thiosulfate
(chemistry) any salt or ester of thiosulfuric acid

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ adj
troisième trois
The ordinal form of the cardinal number three; Coming after the second.

third /tʰʊːɹd/ /t̪ɔɪd/ /θɜːd/ /θɝd/ thirds n
troisième tiers
The person or thing in the third position.
tiers troisième
One of three equal parts of a whole.
tierce
(music) An interval consisting of the first and third notes in a scale.

third age n
troisième âge

third base n
troisième base troisième but
(baseball) The base after second base in a counter-clockwise path around a baseball infield.

third country third countries n
pays tiers

third dimension third dimensions n
profondeur troisième dimension épaisseur
the quality, of depth or thickness, that differentiates a solid object from a two-dimensional image of it

third estate n
tiers état
(originally) The caste of commoners in France prior to 1789.
peuple populace
(by extension) The commoners, collectively, in any society.

third gender third genders n
troisième genre

third grade third grades n
CE2

third party third parties n
tierce partie tiers
(business, commerce) Someone not directly involved in a transaction; an entity beyond the seller (first party) and customer (second party).
troisième parti
(politics, chiefly US) A political party in opposition to the main parties in a two-party system.

third person third persons n
troisième personne
(grammar) the form of a verb used when the subject of a sentence is not the audience or the one making the statement. In English, pronouns used with the third person include he, she, it, one, they, and who.

third rail third rails n
troisième rail
The electrified rail that runs beside or between train tracks to power electric trains.

third sex third sexes n
troisième sexe

third time's a charm proverb
la troisième fois sera la bonne

third way third ways n
voie moyenne
An approach or solution which strives for an alternative to or middle ground between two opposing viewpoints. [from 17th c.]

third wheel third wheels n
cinquième roue du carrosse tenir la chandelle
(idiomatic) An unwanted third party accompanying two people on a date.

third-party adj
tiers

third-person plural third-person plurals n
troisième personne du pluriel

third-person singular third-person singulars n
troisième personne du singulier

third-world more third-world most third-world adj
tiers-mondiste

thirdly /ˈθɚdli/ /ˈθɜːdli/ /ˈθɜːdlɪ/ adv
troisièmement tertio
In the third place; third in a row.

thirst /θɜːst/ /θɝst/ thirsts n
soif
A sensation of dryness in the throat associated with a craving for liquids, produced by deprivation of drink, or by some other cause (such as fear, excitement, etc.) which stops the secretion of the pharyngeal mucous membrane.
(figuratively) Sexual lust.

thirst /θɜːst/ /θɝst/ v
avoir soif
(intransitive) To be thirsty.
désirer
(intransitive, usually followed by "for") To desire vehemently.

thirsty /ˈθɜːs.ti/ /ˈθɝs.ti/ thirstier thirstiest adj
assoiffé avoir soif
Needing to drink.
Causing thirst; giving one a need to drink (informal).

thirteen /ˈθɜː.tiːn/ /ˈθɝ.tin/ /ˈθɝt.tin/ /ˌθɜːˈtiːn/ /ˌθɝtin/ /ˌθɝtˈtin/ numeral
treize
The cardinal number occurring after twelve and before fourteen, represented in Roman numerals as XIII and in Arabic numerals as 13.

thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ /ˌθɝˈtiːnθ/ adj
treizième
The ordinal form of the number thirteen.

thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ /ˌθɝˈtiːnθ/ thirteenths n
treizième
The person or thing in the thirteenth position.
One of thirteen equal parts of a whole.

thirties n
années 30 années trente
A decade starting with the year xx30, most usually the decade from 1930 to 1939.
trentaine
The decade of one's life from age 30 through age 39.

thirtieth /ˈθɜːti.əθ/ /ˈθɝti.əθ/ adj
trentième
The ordinal form of the number thirty.

thirtieth /ˈθɜːti.əθ/ /ˈθɝti.əθ/ thirtieths n
trentième
The person or thing in the thirtieth position.
One of thirty equal parts of a whole.

thirty /ˈθɜːti/ /ˈθɝti/ [ˈθɝɾi] numeral
trente
The cardinal number occurring after twenty-nine and before thirty-one, represented in Arabic numerals as 30.

thirty-eight numeral
trente-huit
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-seven and preceding thirty-nine.

thirty-eighth adj
trente-huitième
The ordinal form of the number thirty-eight, describing a person or thing in position number 38 of a sequence.

thirty-fifth adj
trente-cinquième
The ordinal form of the number thirty-five, describing a person or thing in position number 35 of a sequence.

thirty-fifth thirty-fifths n
trente-cinquième
One of thirty-five equal parts of a whole.

thirty-five numeral
trente-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-four and preceding thirty-six.

thirty-four numeral
trente-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-three and preceding thirty-five.

thirty-nine numeral
trente-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-eight and preceding forty.

thirty-one numeral
trente-et-un trente et un
The cardinal number immediately following thirty and before thirty-two; thirty plus one.

thirty-seven numeral
trente-sept
The cardinal number occurring after thirty-six and before thirty-eight.

thirty-six /ˌθɜːtiˈsɪks/ /ˌθɝtiˈsɪks/ numeral
trente-six
The cardinal number immediately following thirty-five and preceding thirty-seven.

thirty-three numeral
trente-trois
The cardinal number after thirty-two and before thirty-four.

thirty-two /ˌθɜːtiˈtuː/ /ˌθɝtiˈtu/ numeral
trente-deux
The cardinal number after thirty-one and before thirty-three.
(Nigeria, colloquial) Teeth.

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ adv
comme ça
To the degree or extent indicated.

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ these determiner
ce cette ce ... ci cette ... ci
The (thing) here (used in indicating something or someone nearby).
ce cette
The known (thing) (used in indicating something or someone just mentioned).
The known (thing) (used in indicating something or someone about to be mentioned).
(informal) A known (thing) (used in first mentioning a person or thing that the speaker does not think is known to the audience). Compare with "a certain ...".
(of a time reference) Designates the current or next instance.

this /ðəs/ /ðɪs/ pronoun
ceci ce
The thing, item, etc. being indicated.

this afternoon adv
cet [[après-midi]]
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see this,‎ afternoon.

this and that pronoun
ceci et cela
Various unspecified things.

this evening adv
ce soir
During the evening of today.

this is not a drill phraseologicalUnit
ceci n'est pas un exercice

this morning /ðəs ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ /ðɪs ˈmɔɹnɪŋ/ n
ce matin
The morning of today

this one pronoun
celle-ci celles-ci celui-ci ceux-ci
A specified object, thing or person (especially one nearby or known). (This entry is a translation hub.)

this too shall pass proverb
cela aussi passera
Nothing, good or bad, lasts forever; all circumstances are temporary.

this way n
par ici par là
(This entry is a translation hub.) In the indicated direction or manner.

this year adv
cette année
The current year. (This entry is a translation hub.)

thistle /θɪsl̩/ thistles n
chardon
This plant seen as the national emblem of Scotland.

thither /ˈðɪðə/ /ˈðɪðɚ/ /ˈθɪðə/ /ˈθɪðɚ/ adv
là d'ici là
(chiefly, literary, or, law, archaic) To that place.

thixotropy n
thixotropie

thole /θoʊl/ /θəʊl/ tholes n
tolet
A pin in the side of a boat which acts as a fulcrum for the oars.

tholin tholins n
tholin tholine

thong /θɑŋ/ /θɒŋ/ /θɔŋ/ thongs n
lanière
A strip of leather.
tong claquette clic-clac gougoune tapette
(usually, in the plural, Australia) An item of footwear, usually of rubber, secured by two straps which join to pass between the big toe and its neighbour.

thoracic /θəˈɹæsɪk/ adj
thoracique
(anatomy) Of the thorax.

thoracic cavity thoracic cavities n
cage thoracique
(anatomy) A chamber located within the upper human torso (and other animal bodies) which contains the heart and lungs.

thoracic duct thoracic ducts n
canal thoracique conduit thoracique
(anatomy) A major vessel of the lymphatic system that originates in the abdomen and drains into the blood circulation at the commencement of the left brachiocephalic vein.

thoracic vertebra thoracic vertebrae thoracic vertebras n
vertèbre thoracique
(anatomy) Any of the twelve vertebrae in the chest region of the spine.

thorax /ˈθɔɹæks/ thoraces thoraxes n
thorax
(anatomy) The region of the mammalian body between the neck and abdomen as well as the cavity containing the heart and lungs.
(entomology, and, arachnology) The middle of three distinct divisions in an insect, crustacean or arachnid body to which the legs are attached.

thorium /ˈθɔːɹiəm/ thoriums n
thorium
A chemical element (symbol Th) with atomic number 90: a weakly radioactive, malleable, moderately hard silvery metal that tarnishes black when exposed to air.

thorn /θoɹn/ /θɔːn/ /θɔːɹn/ [θo̞ɹn] thorns n
épine piquant
(botany) A sharp protective spine of a plant.
thorn
A letter of Latin script (capital: Þ, small: þ), borrowed from the futhark; today used only in Icelandic to represent the voiceless dental fricative, but originally used in several early Germanic scripts, including Old English where it represented the dental fricatives that are today written th (Old English did not have phonemic voicing distinctions for fricatives).

thorn in someone's side thorns in someone's side n
épine au pied épine dans le pied
(idiomatic) A persistent annoyance.

thorn in the flesh thorns in the flesh n
épine au pied
(idiomatic) A persistent difficulty or something very annoying that will not go away.

thornbush thornbushes n
bruyère buisson épineux épineux
Any of many thorny or spiny shrubs and bushes.

thorny /ˈθɔɹni/ /ˈθɔːni/ thornier thorniest adj
épineux
Having thorns or spines
(figuratively) Troublesome or vexatious

thorough /ˈθɜɹoʊ/ /ˈθʌɹoʊ/ /ˈθʌɹə/ thorougher thoroughest adj
minutieux soigné
Painstaking and careful not to miss or omit any detail.
exhaustif
Utter; complete; absolute.

thoroughbred thoroughbreds n
pur-sang
(loosely) Any purebred horse.
A person of uncommon strength or endurance (like that of a thoroughbred horse).

thoroughfare /ˈθʌɹəfɛː/ thoroughfares n
passage
(now, _, rare, _, except in certain set phrases) A passage; a way through.
artère grand-rue voie principale
A road open at both ends or connecting one area with another; a highway or main street.
voie navigable
An unobstructed waterway allowing passage for ships.

thoroughgoing /-ɹoʊ/ /ˈθʌɹəˌɡoʊɪŋ/ /ˈθʌɹəˌɡəʊɪŋ/ more thoroughgoing most thoroughgoing adj
à tous crins
With great attention to detail; complete, thorough.

thoroughly /ˈθɜɹ.ə.li/ /ˈθʌɹ.ə.li/ more thoroughly most thoroughly adv
complètement absolument
In a thorough or complete manner.

thoroughness /ˈθɜɹoʊnəs/ /ˈθʌɹoʊnəs/ /ˈθʌɹənəs/ /ˈθʌɹəʊnəs/ thoroughnesses n
rigueur
The state of being thorough.

thorp /θɔɹp/ /θɔːp/ thorps n
hameau village
(archaic, now, chiefly, _, in, _, placenames) A group of houses standing together in the country; a hamlet; a village.

thorybism n
thorybisme
(parapsychology, rare) Poltergeist activity or disturbances.

those /ðoʊz/ /ðəʊz/ determiner
ces celles-là ceux-là
plural of that

those were the days phraseologicalUnit
c'était le bon temps

thou /ðaʊ/ /ðuː/ ye pronoun
tu
(archaic, dialectal, literary, religion, or humorous) . [chiefly up to early 17th c.]

thou /ðaʊ/ v
tutoyer
(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.
(intransitive) To use the word thou.

though /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/ adv
cependant néanmoins
(conjunctive) Despite that; however.

though /ðoʊ/ /ðəʊ/ conjunction
bien que cependant malgré
Despite the fact that; although.

thought /θoːt/ /θɑt/ /θɒt/ /θɔt/ /θɔːt/ thoughts n
pensée idée
(countable) Representation created in the mind without the use of one's faculties of vision, sound, smell, touch, or taste; an instance of thinking.
pensée
(uncountable) The operation by which mental activity arise or are manipulated; the process of thinking; the agency by which thinking is accomplished.

thought echo n
echo de la pensée
A form of auditory hallucination, associated with schizophrenia, in which the patient hears his/her thoughts spoken aloud.

thought experiment thought experiments n
exercice mental expérience de pensée expérience imaginaire
(physics, philosophy) An attempt to solve a problem using the power of human imagination.

thought leader thought leaders n
maître à penser
A person, organization, publication, etc. regarded as an authoritative source of new ideas or intellectual trends.

thought police thought police n
police de la pensée
A group that aims to control what other people think.

thoughtcrime /ˈθɔːtˌkɹaɪm/ thoughtcrimes n
crimepensée
A crime committed by having unorthodox, unofficial, controversial or socially unacceptable thoughts.

thoughtful /ˈθɑtfəl/ /ˈθɔtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfəl/ /ˈθɔːtfʊl/ more thoughtful most thoughtful adj
réfléchi
Demonstrating thought or careful consideration.
attentionné
Demonstrating kindness or consideration for others.

thoughtfulness /-fʊl-/ /ˈθɑt-/ /ˈθɔtf(ə)lnəs/ /ˈθɔːtf(ə)lnəs/ n
sollicitude attention prévenance
Thoughtful and considerate attention.
réflexion
Careful deliberation before action.

thoughtless /ˈθɑtləs/ /ˈθɑtlɪs/ /ˈθɔtləs/ /ˈθɔtlɪs/ /ˈθɔːtləs/ /ˈθɔːtlɪs/ more thoughtless most thoughtless adj
inattentionné
Inconsiderate, inattentive.
irréfléchi
Lacking thought or consideration.

thoughtlessness /ˈθɑtləsnəs/ /ˈθɑtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɑtlɪsnɪs/ /ˈθɔtləsnəs/ /ˈθɔtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɔtlɪsnɪs/ /ˈθɔːtləsnəs/ /ˈθɔːtləsnɪs/ /ˈθɔːtlɪsnɪs/ n
irréflexion
heedless disregard for the consequences of one's actions

thousand /ˈθaʊz(ə)n(d)/ /ˈθaʊz(ə)nd/ [ˈθaʊ̯zn̩d] thousands numeral
mille
A numerical value equal to 1,000 = 10 × 100 = 103 (1 E+3 exactly—in scientific E notation.)

thousand and one numeral
mille et un
A great many; numerous.

thousand one numeral
mille un
(US) One thousand plus one.
(Malaysia, colloquial) One thousand plus one hundred. (1100)
mille et unième mille un
(informal) The ordinality of an element whose predecessor is thousandth; usually called thousand-first (US) or thousand-and-first (UK) but sometimes number thousand one (US) or number thousand and one (UK).
mille et un mille et une
(informal) A great number.

thousandfold /ˈθaʊzəndfəʊld/ adj
milluple
Multiplied by one thousand (1000), repeated a thousand times.

thousandfold /ˈθaʊzəndfəʊld/ adv
milluplement
By a factor of a thousand.

thousandth /ˈθaʊzəndtθ/ /ˈθaʊzəndð/ /ˈθaʊzəntθ/ /ˈθaʊzənð/ /ˈθaʊzənθ/ adj
millième
last in order of a series of a thousand; next after the nine hundred and ninety-ninth.

thousandth /ˈθaʊzəndtθ/ /ˈθaʊzəndð/ /ˈθaʊzəntθ/ /ˈθaʊzənð/ /ˈθaʊzənθ/ thousandths n
millième
(singular only) The person or thing in the thousandth position.
One of a thousand equal parts of a whole.

thrall /θɹɑl/ /θɹɔl/ /θɹɔːl/ thralls n
esclave servant
One who is enslaved or under mind control.
servitude emprise
(uncountable) The state of being under the control of another person.

thralldom /ˈθɹɔːl.dəm/ thralldoms n
esclavage
A state of bondage, slavery, or subjugation to another person.

thrash /θɹæʃ/ v
rosser passer à tabac
To beat mercilessly.

thread /θɹɛd/ [θɾ̪̊ɛd] threads n
fil
A long, thin and flexible form of material, generally with a round cross-section, used in sewing, weaving or in the construction of string.
A filament, as of a flower, or of any fibrous substance, as of bark.
processus léger exétron
(computing) A unit of execution, lighter in weight than a process, usually sharing memory and other resources with other threads executing concurrently.
fil fil de discussion
(Internet) A series of messages, generally grouped by subject, in which all messages except the first are replies to previous messages in the thread.

thread /θɹɛd/ [θɾ̪̊ɛd] v
filer
(transitive) To pass (through a narrow constriction or around a series of obstacles).
To screw on; to fit the threads of a nut on a bolt.

threadbare /-bɛː/ /ˈθɹɛdbɛə/ /ˈθɹɛdˌbɛ(ə)ɹ/ more threadbare most threadbare adj
élimé
Of cloth, clothing, furnishings, etc.: frayed and worn to an extent that the nap is damaged and the warp and weft threads show; shabby, worn-out.

threads /θɹɛdz/ n
fringues
(slang) Clothes.

threat /ˈtɹɛt/ /ˈθɹet/ /θɹɛt/ threats n
menace
An expression of intent to injure or punish another.
An indication of potential or imminent danger.
A person or object that is regarded as a danger; a menace.

threaten /ˈθɹɛt.n̩/ v
menacer
To make a threat against someone; to use threats.
To menace, or be dangerous.
To portend, or give a warning of.

threatening /ˈθɹɛt.n̩.ɪŋ/ more threatening most threatening adj
menaçant
Presenting a threat, posing a likely risk of harm.

three /fɹiː/ /θɹiː/ [t̪ɾ̪̊iː] [θɹi] [θɹ̥i] [θɹ̥ɪi] [θɾ̪̊i] [θɾ̪̊iː] [θɾ̪̊ɪi] threes n
trois
The digit/figure 3.

three /fɹiː/ /θɹiː/ [t̪ɾ̪̊iː] [θɹi] [θɹ̥i] [θɹ̥ɪi] [θɾ̪̊i] [θɾ̪̊iː] [θɾ̪̊ɪi] numeral
trois
A numerical value after two and before four. Represented in Arabic digits as 3; this many dots (•••).
trio
Describing a set or group with three elements.

three days ago adv
avant-avant-hier
(This entry is a translation hub.)

three hundred /ˈθɹiː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈθɹiː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
trois cents trois-cents
The cardinal number occurring after two hundred ninety-nine and before three hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 300.

three o'clock n
trois heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the fourth hour of the day; 3:00 a.m. (03:00).

three of a kind n
brelan
(card games) A hand including three cards of the same rank.

three poisons pn
trois poisons
(Buddhism) The three root kleshas of Moha (delusion and confusion), Raga (greed and sensual attachment) and Dvesha (aversion and hate), which are considered to be innate in a being.

three thousand numeral
trois mille
3,000

three-card monte three-card montes n
bonneteau
A confidence game in which the victim, or mark, is tricked into betting a sum of money that they can find the money card, for example the queen of hearts, among three face-down playing cards.

three-decker three-deckers n
trois-ponts
(nautical, historical) A sailing warship that had guns on each of three decks.

three-dimensional more three-dimensional most three-dimensional adj
tridimensionnel
(not comparable) Existing in three dimensions.
(comparable) Having depth, or the illusion of depth, as well as height and width.

three-fourths n
trois quarts
Three of four equal parts (3/4, ¾, 0.75).

three-phase adj
triphasé
(electricity) Using three separate alternating currents of the same voltage at different phases.

three-piece suit three-piece suits n
costume trois pièces
A suit consisting of matching jacket, trousers, and waistcoat.

three-quarters /θɹiˈk(w)ɔɹtɚz/ /θɹiːˈkwɔːtəz/ n
trois quarts
Three of four equal parts (3/4, ¾, 0.75).

three-wheeler three-wheelers n
tricar
A car, cycle or motorbike having three wheels.

threefold adj
triple
trois fois plus grand
Three times as great.

threefold adv
triplement
By a factor of three.

threefold law threefold laws n
la loi des trois
(Wicca) A key tenet of Wicca, stating that the energy a person puts out into the world, whether positive or negative, will return to them multiplied three times.

threesome /ˈθɹiːsəm/ threesomes n
trio
A group of three people or things.
ménage à trois plan à trois triolisme
An instance of sexual activity involving three people.

threne /θɹiːn/ threnes n
thrène
a dirge or lamentation

threnody /ˈθɹɛn.ə.di/ threnodies n
thrène lamentation plainte thrénodie
A song or poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person; a dirge; an elegy.

threonine threonines n
thréonine
(amino acid) An essential amino acid C4H9NO3 found in most animal proteins.

thresh /θɹɛʃ/ v
battre fouler
(transitive, agriculture) To separate the grain from the straw or husks (chaff) by mechanical beating, with a flail or machinery, or by driving animals over them.

thresher /ˈθɹɛʃə(ɹ)/ threshers n
batteuse
(agriculture) A modern farm machine for threshing grain, now a part of combine harvesters rather than a separate implement.

thresher shark thresher sharks n
requin renard
Any of the species of sharks in the genus Alopias, three of which are extant.

threshing threshings n
dépiquage
The process by which something is threshed.

threshing floor threshing floors n
aire aire de battage
The floor of a threshing house or similar area where grain is threshed.

threshing sledge threshing sledges n
batteuse planche à dépiquer
A rectangular wooden plank designed to separate grain from chaff.

threshold /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)oʊld/ /ˈθɹɛʃ(h)əʊld/ [ˈθɹɛʃ(h)ɒʊɫd] thresholds n
seuil
The lowermost part of a doorway that one crosses to enter; a sill.
(by extension) An entrance; the door or gate of a house.
(figurative) The outset of something; the point of entry, or the beginning of an action.
(engineering) The quantitative point at which an action is triggered, especially a lower limit.
The wage or salary at which income tax becomes due.
seuil de tolérance
The point where one is mentally or physically vulnerable in response to a provocation or to other nuisances.

threshold effect threshold effects n
effet de seuil

thrice /θɹaɪs/ [θɾ̪̊äɪs] [θɾ̪̊ɑɪs] adv
trois fois
(dated) Three times.

thrift /θɹɪft/ thrifts n
épargne économie parcimonie
(uncountable) The characteristic of using a minimum of something (especially money).
armérie
(countable) Any of various plants of the genus Armeria, particularly Armeria maritima.

thrift shop thrift shops n
friperie
(US) A shop which sells mainly used goods (especially clothes) at low prices.

thrifty /ˈθɹɪfti/ thriftier thriftiest adj
économe
(dated) Thriving, prosperous, successful; (of an animal or plant) growing rapidly or vigorously.

thrill /θɹɪl/ [t̪ɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɹ̥ɪɫ] [θɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɾ̪̊ɪɫ] thrills n
frisson
A trembling or quivering, especially one caused by emotion.

thrill /θɹɪl/ [t̪ɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɹ̥ɪɫ] [θɾ̪̊ɪl] [θɾ̪̊ɪɫ] v
exciter émoustiller
(ergative) To suddenly excite someone, or to give someone great pleasure; to (figuratively) electrify; to experience such a sensation.

thrilled /θɹɪld/ more thrilled most thrilled adj
ravi
Extremely excited or delighted.

thriller /ˈθɹɪlə/ /ˈθɹɪlɚ/ thrillers n
thriller polar
(film, literature) A suspenseful, sensational genre of story, book, play or film.

thrips thrips thripses n
thrip thrips
Any of the many small insects of the order Thysanoptera, especially those that attack useful plants.

thrive /θɹaɪv/ v
prospérer croître
To grow or increase stature; to grow vigorously or luxuriantly, to flourish.
prospérer s'épanouir
To increase in wealth or success; to prosper, be profitable.

thriving /ˈθɹaɪ.vɪŋ/ /ˈθɹɑɪ.vɪŋ/ more thriving most thriving adj
florissant prospère
That thrives; successful; flourishing or prospering.

throat /ˈθɹoʊt/ /ˈθɹəʊt/ throats n
gorge
The gullet or windpipe.
The part of a chimney between the gathering, or portion of the funnel which contracts in ascending, and the flue.
goulot
A narrow opening in a vessel.

throat microphone throat microphones n
laryngophone
A type of contact microphone that absorbs vibrations directly from the wearer's throat, laryngophone.

throatless shear throatless shears n
cisaille à levier

throb /θɹɒb/ throbs n
battement pulsation
A beating, vibration or palpitation.

throb /θɹɒb/ v
battre palpiter
(intransitive) To pound or beat rapidly or violently.
battre résonner vibrer
(intransitive) To vibrate or pulsate with a steady rhythm.

throe /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ throes n
agonie
A severe pang or spasm of pain, especially one experienced when the uterus contracts during childbirth, or when a person is about to die.

thrombectomy thrombectomies n
thrombectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of a blood clot or thrombus from a blood vessel.

thrombocytopenia thrombocytopenias n
thrombocytopénie
(hematology) An abnormally low number of platelets in the blood.

thrombocytopenic adj
thrombocytopénique
Having an abnormally low number of platelets in one's blood.

thrombocytosis thrombocytoses n
thrombocytémie
(medicine) The condition of having an abnormally high number of thrombocytes (platelets) in the bloodstream; can give a predisposition to thrombosis

thromboplastin thromboplastins n
thromboplastine
(enzyme) A protease that converts prothrombin to thrombin during the clotting of blood

thrombosis /θɹɑmˈboʊsɪs/ /θɹɒmˈbəʊsɪs/ thromboses n
thrombose
(pathology) The formation of thrombi in the blood vessels of a living organism, causing obstruction of the circulation.

thrombotic more thrombotic most thrombotic adj
thrombotique
(pathology) Of, pertaining to, or caused by thrombosis

thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura n
purpura thrombocytopénique thrombotique

thrombus thrombi n
thrombus
(hematology, pathology) A blood clot formed from platelets and other elements that forms in a blood vessel in a living organism, and causes thrombosis or obstruction of the vessel at its point of formation or travel to other areas of the body.

throne [tɹoʊn] [θɹoʊn] [θɹəʊn] thrones n
trône
(figuratively) Leadership, particularly the position of a monarch.
(euphemism) A seat used for urination or defecation, such as a chamber pot, toilet, or the seat of an outhouse.
(Christianity) A member of an order of angels ranked above dominions and below cherubim.

throng /θɹɑŋ/ /θɹɒŋ/ /θɹɔŋ/ throngs n
foule essaim
A group of people crowded or gathered closely together.
essaim
A group of things; a host or swarm.

throttle /ˈθɹɑ.tl̩/ /ˈθɹɑ.təl/ /ˈθɹɒt.l̩/ /ˈθɹɔ.təl/ throttles n
accélérateur
A valve that regulates the supply of fuel-air mixture to an internal combustion engine and thus controls its speed; a similar valve that controls the air supply to an engine.
The lever or pedal that controls this valve.

throttle /ˈθɹɑ.tl̩/ /ˈθɹɑ.təl/ /ˈθɹɒt.l̩/ /ˈθɹɔ.təl/ v
limiter
(transitive) To cut back on the speed of (an engine, person, organization, network connection, etc.).
limiter étrangler
(intransitive) To have the throat obstructed so as to be in danger of suffocation; to choke; to suffocate.

through /θɹu/ /θɹuː/ [θɾ̪̊ɵʉ] [θɾ̪̊ʊu] preposition
à travers par
From one side of an opening to the other.
Entering, then later leaving.
dans à travers
Surrounded by (while moving).
par à travers
By means of.

through ball through balls n
passe en profondeur
(soccer) A forward pass played between opposition defenders.

through train through trains n
train direct
(rail transport) a train that travels a long distance without any stops

through-draught through-draughts n
courant d'air

throughline /ˈθɹuˌlaɪn/ /ˈθɹuːlaɪn/ throughlines n
fil conducteur
(narratology) In full through line of action: a theme that runs through the plot of a book, film, or other narrative work, or a series of such related works. [from early 20th c.]

throughout /θɹaʊt/ /θɹuˈʌʊt/ /θɹuːˈaʊt/ adv
de toutes parts
In every part; everywhere.

throughout /θɹaʊt/ /θɹuˈʌʊt/ /θɹuːˈaʊt/ preposition
durant pendant tout le pendant toute la tout au long de
In every part of; all through.

throughput /ˈθɹu.pʊt/ /ˈθɹuː.pʊt/ throughputs n
débit
(operations) The rate of production; the rate at which something can be processed.

throuple /ˈθɹʌpl̩/ throuples n
trouple
(informal) Three partners in a romantic or sexual relationship; a ménage à trois.

throw /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ [θɾ̪̊oʊ] [θɾ̪̊əʊ] throws n
jet lancement lancer
The flight of a thrown object.
jet lancer
The act of throwing something.

throw /θɹoʊ/ /θɹəʊ/ [θɾ̪̊oʊ] [θɾ̪̊əʊ] v
bouger déplacer
(transitive) To move to another position or condition; to displace.
jeter lancer
To twist two or more filaments of (silk, etc.) so as to form one thread; to twist together, as singles, in a direction contrary to the twist of the singles themselves; sometimes applied to the whole class of operations by which silk is prepared for the weaver.

throw a spanner in the works v
mettre des bâtons dans les roues

throw a tantrum v
piquer une crise
(idiomatic) To have a temper tantrum; to display a fit of childish anger.

throw away v
jeter rejeter
(transitive) To discard (trash, garbage, or the like), to toss out, to put in the trash.

throw down the gauntlet v
jeter le gant
(idiomatic) To issue a challenge.

throw in the towel v
jeter l'éponge jeter le manche après la cognée jeter la serviette
(idiomatic) To quit; to give up.

throw money away v
jeter l'argent par les fenêtres

throw off v
foirer mettre dedans
(idiomatic) To introduce errors or inaccuracies; to skew.

throw the baby out with the bathwater /θɹoʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪθ ðə ˈbæθwɔtɚ/ /θɹəʊ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪð ðə ˈbɑːθwɔːtə(ɹ)/ v
jeter le bébé avec l'eau du bain
(idiomatic) To discard, especially inadvertently, something valuable while in the process of removing or rejecting something unwanted.

throw to the lions v
jeter aux lions

throw-in throw-ins n
remise en jeu
(Australian rules football) A throw of the ball back into play by the boundary umpire. The umpire faces away from the players and throws it in over his or her shoulder (so as to clearly not favour either side by where exactly it's thrown).

throwable adj
lançable

throwing knife throwing knives n
couteau de lancer

thrush /θɹʌʃ/ thrushes n
muguet mycose vaginale
grive
Any of numerous species of songbirds of the cosmopolitan family Turdidae, such as the song thrush, mistle thrush, bluebird, and American robin.

thrush nightingale thrush nightingales n
rossignol progné
Luscinia luscinia, a small passerine bird related to the common nightingale.

thrust /θɹʌst/ thrusts n
estocade
(fencing) An attack made by moving the sword parallel to its length and landing with the point.
poussée
The force generated by propulsion, as in a jet engine.

thrust /θɹʌst/ v
propulser
(intransitive) To make advance with force.

thud /ˈθʌd/ thuds n
martèlement
The sound of a dull impact.

thud /ˈθʌd/ v
marteler
To make the sound of a dull impact.

thug /ʈʰəɡ/ /θʌɡ/ thugs n
casseur bandit coupe-jarret racaille thug voyou
Someone with an intimidating and unseemly appearance and mannerisms, who treats others violently and roughly, often for hire.

thuggish /ˈθʌɡɪʃ/ more thuggish most thuggish adj
brutal violent

thulium /ˈθjuːliəm/ /ˈθuːliəm/ n
thulium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Tm) with atomic number 69: a fairly soft, easily workable metal with a bright silvery-gray lustre.

thumb /θʌm/ thumbs n
pouce
The short thick digit of the hand that for humans has the most mobility and can be made to oppose (moved to touch) all of the other fingers.

thumb /θʌm/ v
feuilleter
(transitive, with through) To turn the pages of (a book) in order to read it cursorily.

thumb one's nose v
faire un pied de nez
To place a thumb upon the tip of the nose, typically with the fingers spread and while simultaneously wiggling one's fingers, in a gesture of disrespect.

thumb war thumb wars n
bataille de pouces
(hand game) A children's game in which the two opponents interlock each other's right- or left-handed fingers, each attempting to hold down the other's thumb.

thumbnail /ˈθʌm.neɪl/ thumbnails n
ongle du pouce
The fingernail on the thumb.
croquis
A rough sketch (e.g., the size of one's thumbnail).
aperçu miniature vignette
(chiefly, computing) A small picture, used as a compact representation of a larger image.

thumbscrew /ˈθʌmskɹuː/ thumbscrews n
grésillons poucette
An instrument of torture used to crush the fingers.

thumbstick thumbsticks n
stick analogique
(video games) A small joystick, generally part of a larger game controller, that can be operated with the thumb.

thumbtack /ˈθʌm.tæk/ thumbtacks n
punaise
(North America) A small nail-like tack with a slightly rounded head that can be pressed into place with light pressure from the thumb; used for hanging light articles on a wall or noticeboard.

thumbtack /ˈθʌm.tæk/ v
punaiser
(transitive) To fix or attach something with a thumbtack.

thump /θʌmp/ thumps n
coup sourd
A blow that produces a muffled sound.
The sound of such a blow; a thud.

thump /θʌmp/ v
tambouriner
(intransitive) To throb with a muffled rhythmic sound.

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ /ˈθʌndɚ/ thunders n
tonnerre
The loud rumbling, cracking, or crashing sound caused by expansion of rapidly heated air around a lightning bolt.

thunder /ˈθʌndə/ /ˈθʌndɚ/ v
tonner
(intransitive) To make a noise like thunder.
tonitruer
(intransitive, transitive) To say (something) with a loud, threatening voice.

thunderbird /ˈθʌndə.bɜːd/ /ˈθʌndɚ.bɝd/ thunderbirds n
oiseau-tonnerre
(mythology) A mythological bird, often associated with stormy weather, especially in various indigenous North American mythologies.

thunderbolt /ˈθʌndə(ɹ)ˌboʊlt/ thunderbolts n
coup de tonnerre
A flash of lightning accompanied by a crash of thunder.

thunderclap thunderclaps n
coup de tonnerre
A sudden, loud thunder caused by a nearby lightning strike; a shock of thunder, as opposed to a reverberating rumble.

thunderous /ˈθʌn.dəɹ.əs/ more thunderous most thunderous adj
tonitruant
Very loud; that sounds like thunder; thundersome. Also in metaphorical expressions, signifying fury.

thundersnow thundersnows n
orage de neige

thunderstorm /ˈθʌn.dəˌstɔːm/ /ˈθʌn.dɚˌstɔɹm/ thunderstorms n
orage
A storm consisting of thunder and lightning produced by a cumulonimbus, usually accompanied with heavy rain, wind, and sometimes hail; and in rarer cases sleet, freezing rain, or snow.

thunderstrike v
foudroyer
(transitive, figurative, now, rare) To astonish, or strike dumb, as with something terrible.

thunderstriking more thunderstriking most thunderstriking adj
foudroyant
(rare) Causing great amazement or shock.

thunderstruck /ˈθʌn.də.stɹʌk/ /ˈθʌn.dɚ.stɹʌk/ more thunderstruck most thunderstruck adj
abasourdi stupéfié
Astonished, amazed or so suddenly surprised as to be unable to speak.

thunking n
mappage mise en correspondance translation

thurifer thurifers n
thuriféraire
An acolyte who carries a thurible.

thus /ˈðʌs/ adv
ainsi
(manner) In this way or manner.
ainsi donc alors
(conjunctive) As a result.

thus far adv
jusqu'à présent
So far, hitherto.

thwack /θwæk/ v
tabasser
To hit (someone or something) hard, especially with a flat implement or a stick; to thrash, to whack.

thwart /θwɔɹt/ /θwɔːt/ thwarts n
banc
(nautical) A seat across a boat on which a rower may sit.

thwart /θwɔɹt/ /θwɔːt/ v
contrecarrer contrarier
(transitive) To cause to fail; to frustrate, to prevent.

thy /ðaɪ/ determiner
ta ton tes
(archaic, dialectal, literary) : that which belongs to thee; which belongs to you (singular).

thylacine /ˈθailəsiːn/ thylacines n
thylacine
A carnivorous marsupial (†Thylacinus cynocephalus) which was native to Tasmania, now extinct.

thylakoid thylakoids n
thylakoïde
(biology) a folded membrane within plant chloroplasts from which grana are made, used in photosynthesis

thyme /taɪm/ thymes n
thym
Any plant of the labiate genus Thymus, such as the garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris, a warm, pungent aromatic, that is much used to give a relish to seasoning and soups.

thymine /ˈθaɪmɪn/ thymines n
thymine
(organic compound, genetics) A heterocyclic base, 5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione; it pairs with adenine in DNA.

thymol /ˈθaɪmɒl/ thymols n
thymol
(chemistry) a monoterpene phenol, C10H13OH, found in the oil extracted from thyme; used as in perfume, as an antiseptic and fungicide, and in embalming

thymoleptic adj
thymoanaleptique

thymus /ˈθaɪməs/ thymi thymuses n
thymus
(anatomy, immunology) A ductless gland, consisting mainly of lymphatic tissue, located behind the top of the breastbone. It is most active during puberty, after which it shrinks in size. It plays an important role in the development of the immune system and produces lymphocytes.

thyratron thyratrons n
thyratron
(electronics) Any of several types of thermoelectric valve once used as a high-speed switch

thyristor thyristors n
thyristor
(electronics) A semiconductor diode having an extra "gate" terminal to switch it on.

thyroglobulin thyroglobulins n
thyroglobuline

thyroid /ˈθaɪ.ɹɔɪd/ adj
thyroïde
(anatomy) Of, relating to, or being the thyroid gland.

thyroid cartilage thyroid cartilages n
cartilage thyroïde
(anatomy) The largest cartilage in the larynx; the Adam’s apple

thyroid gland thyroid glands n
glande thyroïde
(anatomy) A large butterfly-shaped endocrine gland situated on the front of the neck that produces various hormones.

thyroidectomy thyroidectomies n
thyroïdectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland.

thyroiditis thyroidites thyroiditides thyroiditises n
thyroïdite
(pathology) Inflammation of the thyroid gland.

thyroxine /θaɪˈrɑksiːn/ /θaɪˈrɑksɪn/ thyroxines n
thyroxine
(hormone) A hormone (an iodine derivative of tyrosine), produced by the thyroid gland, that regulates cell metabolism and growth.

thyrse thyrses n
thyrse
(botany) A type of inflorescence; a compact panicle having an obscured main axis and cymose subaxes.

thyrsus /ˈθɚsəs/ /ˈθɜːsəs/ thyrsi n
thyrse
A staff topped with a conical ornament, carried by Bacchus or his followers.

thysanuran thysanurans n
thysanoure
Any of various insects, including the silverfish and firebrats, of the order Thysanura (now Zygentoma), which have three long caudal filaments.

tiara /tiˈæɹə/ /tiˈɑɹə/ /tiˈɑːɹə/ tiaras n
tiare
The three-tiered papal crown.
An ornamental coronet.

tibial /ˈtɪbi.əl/ adj
tibial
(anatomy) Of or pertaining to a tibia or a structure associated with a tibia.

tic /tɪk/ tics n
tic
(neurology) A sudden, nonrhythmic motor movement or vocalization.
(by extension) Something that is done or produced habitually or characteristically.

tic-tac-toe n
morpion oxo tic-tac-toe
(games) A game in which two players take turns placing circles and crosses on a 3x3 grid and attempt to obtain three of the same symbols in a straight line.

tick /tɪk/ ticks n
tique
A tiny woodland arachnid of the suborder Ixodida.
tic-tac
A relatively quiet but sharp sound generally made repeatedly by moving machinery.
taie
(uncountable) Ticking.
crédit
(UK, colloquial) Credit, trust.
coche marque graduation
A mark on any scale of measurement; a unit of measurement.
seconde
(colloquial) A short period of time, particularly a second.
coche marque
(Australian, NZ, British, Irish) A mark (✓) made to indicate agreement, correctness or acknowledgement.

tick /tɪk/ v
faire tic-tac
To make a clicking noise similar to the movement of the hands in an analog clock.
cocher
To make a tick or checkmark.

tick all the boxes /ˈtɪk ɔːl ðə ˈbɒksɪz/ v
cocher toutes les cases remplir toutes les cases remplir toutes les conditions satisfaire à tous les critères

tick off v
cocher marquer
(sometimes, metaphorical) To sign with a tick.
lister énumérer
To list (create or recite a list).
agacer énerver
(North America, transitive) To annoy, aggravate.
réprimander
(British, AU, transitive, historically, _, US) To reprimand.

tick-tock interjection
tic-tac
The sound of a ticking analog clock.

tick-tock v
tictaquer
To make continual clicking sounds like those of an analog clock; to tick.

ticket /ˈtɪkət/ /ˈtɪkɪt/ tickets n
billet ticket
A pass entitling the holder to admission to a show, concert, etc.
A pass entitling the holder to board a train, a bus, a plane, or other means of transportation
billet ticket amende prune contravention
A citation for a traffic violation.

ticket inspector ticket inspectors n
contrôleur contrôleuse
A person who checks that passengers on a train etc have a valid ticket, and marks it so that it cannot be used again.

ticket office ticket offices n
billetterie
An office or booth where tickets may be purchased to allow admittance or for travel.

ticket stamping machine ticket stamping machines n
composteur valideur
(travel) An automatic machine that makes the ticket valid by stamping it with the location information and the timestamp.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ tickles n
chatouiller
The act of tickling.

tickle /ˈtɪkl̩/ v
chatouiller
(transitive) To touch repeatedly or stroke delicately in a manner which causes laughter, pleasure and twitching.
(transitive) To unexpectedly touch or stroke delicately in a manner which causes displeasure or withdrawal.

tickle pink v
enchanter ravir
(transitive, idiomatic) To thoroughly delight or amuse; to elate.

ticklish /ˈtɪk(ə)lɪʃ/ more ticklish most ticklish adj
chatouilleux
Sensitive or susceptible to being tickled.

tidal /ˈtaɪd(ə)l/ adj
tidal
Relating to tides.

tidal bore tidal bores n
mascaret
A wave, in the form of a wall of water, formed by an incoming tide funnelling into an estuary.

tidal locking n
verrouillage gravitationnel
(astronomy) The locking of the rotation of a satellite (moon or planet) to its orbit, such that one side always faces the body around which it is orbiting.

tidal range tidal ranges n
marnage

tidal wave /ˈtaɪdəlweɪv/ tidal waves n
raz-de-marée
A large and sudden rise and fall in the tide.
raz-de-marée tsunami
(proscribed) A large, sudden, and disastrous wave of water caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean; a tsunami. (See Usage notes below.)

tiddlywinks /ˈtɪdliˌwɪŋks/ /ˈtɪdlɪ-/ /ˈtɪdəlɪwɪŋks/ n
jeu de puces
(also, attributively) A competitive game in which the objective is to flick as many small discs (each called a tiddlywink or wink) as possible into a container (the pot) by pressing on their edges with a larger disc (a shooter or squidger), causing them to jump up from the surface on which they are placed.

tide /taɪd/ [tʰaːd] [tʰɑe̯d] tides n
marée
The periodic change of the sea level, particularly when caused by the gravitational influence of the sun and the moon.
tendance
Tendency or direction of causes, influences, or events; course; current.

tide over v
avancer dépanner
(transitive, idiomatic) To support or sustain (someone), especially financially, for a limited period.
(transitive, obsolete, except in, Indian English) To endure; weather.

tidepool tidepools n
baïne bâche

tiding /ˈtaɪdɪŋ/ tidings n
nouvelle
(archaic, or, literary, usually, in the plural) news; new information

tidy /ˈtaɪdi/ tidier tidiest adj
ordonné
Arranged neatly and in order.

tidy up v
ranger
To make clean, to make satisfactorily neat.

tie /taɪ/ ties n
match nul remise égalité
A necktie (item of clothing consisting of a strip of cloth tied around the neck). See also bow tie, black tie.
liaison de prolongation liaison de tenue
(music) A curved line connecting two notes of the same pitch denoting that they should be played as a single note with the combined length of both notes.

tie /taɪ/ v
lier
(transitive) To attach or fasten (one thing to another) by string or the like.

tie clip tie clips n
pince à cravate épingle de cravate
A clip used to fasten the front and back parts of a tie.

tie oneself in knots v
se faire de la bile se faire des cheveux blancs se faire du mauvais sang se faire un sang d'encre se prendre la tête se ronger les sangs

tie up v
ligoter
To secure with rope, string, etc.
immobiliser
(finance) To immobilize a capital: make a capital investment that makes that capital unavailable.

tiebeam tiebeams n
entrait
(architecture) A beam acting as a tie, as at the bottom of a pair of principal rafters, to prevent them from thrusting out the wall.

tier /ˈtɪə/ /ˈtɪɚ/ tiers n
rang
A row or range, especially one at a higher or lower level than another.

tiercel /ˈtɜː(ɹ)səl/ tiercels n
tiercelet
(falconry) A male hawk or falcon.

tiger /ˈtaɪɡə/ /ˈtaɪɡɚ/ [ˈtʌɪɡɚ] n
tigre tigresse
Panthera tigris, a large predatory mammal of the cat family, indigenous to Asia.

tiger beetle tiger beetles n
cicindèle
Any active, carnivorous beetle (species) of the subfamily Cicindelinae.

tiger cub tiger cubs n
bébé tigre jeune tigre tigreau
A young tiger.

tiger lily tiger lilies n
lys tigré
A bulbous flowering plant, Lilium lancifolium, with a large spectacular flower and an edible bulb.

tiger mom tiger moms n
mère tigre
(North America, informal) tiger mother

tiger mosquito tiger mosquitoes tiger mosquitos n
moustique tigre
Any mosquito of the species Aedes albopictus (especially) or Aedes polynesiensis.

tiger nut tiger nuts n
amande de terre noix tigrée
(especially, in plural) The edible tuber of chufa (Cyperus esculentus).

tiger paw tiger paws n
manique

tiger salamander tiger salamanders n
salamandre tigrée
A long slender salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, having black skin and yellow markings.

tiger shark tiger sharks n
requin-tigre
A large shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, of wide warm-water distribution, that hunts alone and has dark stripes across its back.

tiger's eye tiger's eyes n
œil-de-tigre
A chatoyant gemstone that is usually yellow- to red-brown, with a silky lustre.

tight /taɪt/ tighter tightest adj
tendu
Under high tension; taut.
ivre
(slang) Intoxicated; drunk or acting like being drunk.
serré tendu
(slang, vulgar, of either a woman's anus or her vagina) still intact due to her still being a virgin.

tight /taɪt/ tighter tightest adv
bien fermement
Firmly, so as not to come loose easily.
bien
Soundly.

tighten /ˈtaɪ.tən/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯tn̩] [ˈtʰaɪ̯ʔn̩] v
serrer
(transitive) To make tighter.
se resserrer
(intransitive) To become tighter.
resserrer taux
(economics) To raise short-term interest rates.

tighten one's belt v
se serrer la ceinture
(figuratively) To be more frugal; to make difficult economic savings due to a lowering of expected income.

tightly /ˈtaɪtli/ more tightly most tightly tightlier tightliest adv
fermement
In a tight manner.

tightness tightnesses n
étroitesse
The quality or degree of being tight

tightrope tightropes n
corde raide
A tightly stretched rope or cable on which acrobats perform high above the ground.

tightrope walker tightrope walkers n
funambule
An acrobat who practices tightrope walking.

tightrope walking n
funambulisme
The acrobatic feat of walking on a tightrope.

tights /taɪts/ n
collant
A close-fitting, sheer or non-sheer skin-tight garment worn principally by women and girls that covers the body completely from the waist down, usually including the feet.
(dance) A similar, non-sheer garment worn by dancers of either sex, especially by ballet dancers.

tigon /ˈtaɪɡən/ tigons n
tiglon tigron
A cross between a male tiger and a lioness.

tigress /ˈtaɪ.ɡɹəs/ /ˈtaɪ.ɡɹɪs/ tiger tigresses n
tigresse
A female tiger; a she-tiger.

tigrine /ˈtaɪˌɡɹaɪn/ /ˈtaɪˌɡɹin/ /ˈtaɪˌɡɹən/ /ˈtaɪˌɡɹɪn/ more tigrine most tigrine adj
tigré

tiki-taka n
tiki-taka
(football) A style of play characterised by short passing and movement, working the ball through various channels, and maintaining possession.

tikka masala /ˌtiːkə məˈsɑːlə/ /ˌtɪkə məˈsɑːlə/ tikka masalas n
tikka masala
A dish prepared in this manner.

tilapia /təˈlɑːpiə/ /tɪˈlæpiə/ /tɪˈlɑːpiə/ tilapia tilapias n
tilapia
Any of various edible fish, formerly species of the genus Tilapia, but now placed in other cichlid genera (such as Oreochromis), native to Africa and the Middle East but cultivated worldwide.

tilde /ˈtɪldi/ /ˈtɪldə/ tildes n
tilde
A diacritical mark (˜) placed above a letter to modify its pronunciation, such as by palatalization in Spanish words or nasalization in Portuguese words.
The grapheme of character ~.

tile /taɪl/ /ˈtaɪ.əl/ tiles n
tuile carreau (de carrelage)
A regularly-shaped slab of clay or other material, affixed to cover or decorate a surface, as in a roof-tile, glazed tile, stove tile, carpet tile, etc.

tile /taɪl/ /ˈtaɪ.əl/ v
tuiler
(transitive) To cover with tiles.

tiler tilers n
carreleur carreleuse
A person who sets tiles.

tilery tileries n
tuilerie
A place where tiles are manufactured.

tiling /ˈtaɪlɪŋ/ tilings n
carrelage
A covering of tiles.

till /tɪl/ conjunction
jusqu'à
Until, until the time that.

till /tɪl/ tills n
caisse enregistreuse
A cash register.
till tillite
glacial drift consisting of a mixture of clay, sand, pebbles and boulders
tiroir-caisse
A removable box within a cash register containing the money.
amendement
(dialect) manure or other material used to fertilize land
caisse
The contents of a cash register, for example at the beginning or end of the day or of a cashier's shift.

till /tɪl/ preposition
jusqu'à
Until; to, up to; as late as (a given time).

till /tɪl/ v
labourer travailler
(transitive) To work or cultivate or plough (soil); to prepare for growing vegetation and crops.

till death do us part adv
jusqu'à ce que la mort nous sépare
(duration, idiomatic) Until death separates us; a common phrase said between the bride and the groom at a Christian wedding, indicating commitment to their union.

tillage /ˈtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ tillages n
labour
The cultivation of arable land by plowing, sowing and raising crops.

tiller /ˈtɪlə/ tillers n
fermier paysan
A person who tills; a farmer.
excavatrice
A machine that mechanically tills the soil.
barre
(nautical) The handle of the rudder which the helmsman holds to steer the boat, a piece of wood or metal extending forward from the rudder over or through the transom. Generally attached at the top of the rudder.

tilt /tɪlt/ tilts n
inclinaison
The inclination of part of the body, such as backbone, pelvis, head, etc.

tilt at windmills v
se battre contre des moulins à vent
(intransitive) To attack imaginary enemies.

tilth /tɪlθ/ tilths n
ameublissement
The state of being tilled, or prepared for a crop; culture.

timber /ˈtɪmbə/ /ˈtɪmbɚ/ [ˈtɪˑmˌbəː] [ˈtɪˑmˌbɚː] interjection
attention gare
Used by loggers to warn others that a tree being felled is falling.

timber /ˈtɪmbə/ /ˈtɪmbɚ/ [ˈtɪˑmˌbəː] [ˈtɪˑmˌbɚː] timbers n
bois arbres
(uncountable) Trees in a forest regarded as a source of wood.
bois de charpente bois de construction bois de menuiserie
(outside, North America, uncountable) Wood that has been pre-cut and is ready for use in construction.
madrier membrure poutre
(countable) A heavy wooden beam, generally a whole log that has been squared off and used to provide heavy support for something such as a roof.

timberland timberlands n
bois forêt
Forested land thought of in terms of its potential and value as timber.

timbre /tɛ̃bɹ(ə)/ /ˈtæm.bə/ /ˈtæm.bɚ/ /ˈtɪm.bə/ /ˈtɪm.bɚ/ timbres n
timbre
The quality of a sound independent of its pitch and volume.

timbrel /ˈtɪmbɹəl/ timbrels n
tambourin
An ancient percussion instrument rather like a simple tambourine.

time /taɪm/ /tɑɪm/ /tɜːm/ [tʰaɪ̯m] [tʰɑe̯m] times n
temps
(uncountable) The inevitable progression into the future with the passing of present and past events.
(uncountable, with possessive) A person's youth or young adulthood, as opposed to the present day.
(countable) A particular moment or hour; the appropriate moment or hour for something (especially with prepositional phrase or imperfect subjunctive).
(countable) The measurement under some system of region of day or moment.
temps heure fois époque ère heure du jour
(countable) A measurement of a quantity of time; a numerical or general indication of a length of progression.
fois
(countable) An instance or occurrence.
heure heure du jour temps
(uncountable) The duration of time of a given day that has passed; the moment, as indicated by a clock or similar device.

time /taɪm/ /tɑɪm/ /tɜːm/ [tʰaɪ̯m] [tʰɑe̯m] v
chronométrer
To regulate as to time; to accompany, or agree with, in time of movement.

time after time adv
encore et encore
Again and again; repeatedly; every time; always.

time and again adv
maintes fois à de nombreuses reprises à maintes reprises
Often; repeatedly.

time bomb time bombs n
bombe à retardement
A bomb that has a mechanism such that detonation can be preset to a particular time.
(metaphorically) A situation that threatens to have disastrous consequences at some future time.

time capsule time capsules n
capsule temporelle
A sealed container, buried at a specific location, that contains records of contemporary life, to be rediscovered in the distant future.

time deposit time deposits n
dépôt à terme compte à terme
(banking) A deposit in a bank that cannot be withdrawn before a specified date.

time difference time differences n
différence de temps
The difference between one measurement of time and another; the length of a time interval.

time dilation time dilations n
dilatation du temps
(physics) The slowing of the passage of time experienced by objects in motion relative to an observer; measurable only at relativistic speeds.

time flies phraseologicalUnit
le temps passe vite
(idiomatic) Time passes quickly.

time frame /ˈtaɪmˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈtɑemˌfɹeɪm/ /ˈtɜːmˌfɹeɪm/ time frames n
durée délai laps de temps plage de temps période échéance
The period of time during which something is expected to occur, or does occur.

time heals all wounds proverb
le temps guérit toutes les blessures
Negative feelings eventually fade away.

time immemorial times immemorial n
temps immémorial
(countable, uncountable) Time that extends beyond memory or record.

time is money proverb
le temps vaut argent le temps, c'est de l'argent
Money is wasted (in lost wages, missed opportunities, etc.) when a person's time is not used productively; time is valuable and should not be wasted.

time limit time limits n
délai limite de temps
A time by which something must be finished.

time machine time machines n
machine à explorer le temps machine à remonter le temps machine à voyager dans le temps
(chiefly, science fiction) A hypothetical device used to travel into the past or the future.

time of arrival times of arrival n
heure [[d']]arrivée temp [[d']]arrivée
The time when an airplane, or other public conveyance, is scheduled to arrive.

time of departure times of departure n
heure de départ temp de départ
The time when an airplane or other public conveyance is scheduled to depart.

time off n
congés vacances
(idiomatic, business, human resources) A period of time where one is not required to work.

time out v
arrêter interrompre mettre fin
(transitive, communication) To end (an incomplete task) after a time limit.

time signature time signatures n
chiffrage de mesure
(music) A symbol or numerical sign placed on a stave to indicate the meter; in the case of a numerical time signature, the numerator is the number of beats per bar, the denominator represents the value of each beat

time travel n
voyage dans le temps
(chiefly, science fiction) Travel to the past or the future, typically by means of a time machine or a wormhole.

time trial time trials n
contre-la-montre
(cycling, motor racing) An unpaced race in which riders or teams leaving at regular intervals are timed over a preset course or distance, the winner being the rider or team to finish in the fastest time.
course contra la horloge course contra la montre
(by extension) Any competitive event in which competitors are timed rather than racing against each other.

time will tell phraseologicalUnit
l'avenir le dira l'avenir nous le dira qui vivra, verra
(idiomatic) Events and outcomes cannot be known beforehand.

time zone time zones n
fuseau horaire
A range of longitudes where a common standard time is used.

time-consuming more time-consuming most time-consuming adj
chronophage
Using significant amounts of time, especially in an unwanted and sometimes unwarranted manner.

time-consumingly more time-consumingly most time-consumingly adv
chronophagement

time-lapse /ˈtaɪmˌlæps/ adj
accéléré
(photography) Of or relating to a technique in which exposures are taken at fewer intervals than usual so that, on playback, a naturally slow process may be viewed at an accelerated pace.

time-out /ˈtaɪm.aʊt/ time-outs n
arrêt de jeu temps mort
(sports) A short break in the action of a sport, for substitution, consultation, etc.
time out
(communication) The abortion of an incomplete task after a time limit considered long enough for it to end normally.

time-traveller time-travellers n
chrononaute
One who engages in time travel.

timekeeping timekeepings n
exactitude ponctualité
The measurement of time, or determining what the local time is.

timeless more timeless most timeless adj
intemporel
Not decreasing over time in quality and appeal.

timeline /ˈtaɪmˌlaɪn/ timelines n
frise chronologique ligne du temps
A graphical representation of a chronological sequence of events (past or future); a chronology.
chronologie horaire planning
A schedule of activities; a timetable.

timeliness timelinesses n
ponctualité
The state of being timely.

timely /ˈtaɪmli/ timelier timeliest adj
au bon moment opportun
Done at the proper time or within the proper time limits; prompt.
Happening or appearing at the proper time.

timer /ˈtaɪmɚ/ timers n
minuterie
Any electronic function that causes a device to be able to do something automatically after a preset amount of time.
minuterie minuteur compte-minutes
A device used to measure amounts of time.

times /taɪmz/ /tɑemz/ /tɜːmz/ preposition
fois
(mathematics) multiplied by

timesheet timesheets n
feuille de temps
A document that allows for the recording of hours worked on various tasks that is used as input for payroll, project accounting or client billing processes.

timeslot timeslots n
créneau

timespan timespans n
période de temps
An interval of time.

timestamp /ˈtaɪmˌstæmp/ timestamps n
horodatage
(especially, computing) A variable containing the date and time at which an event occurred, often included in a log to track the sequence of events.

timestamp /ˈtaɪmˌstæmp/ v
horodater
(transitive, especially, computing) To record the date and time of (an event, etc).

timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl/ timetables n
emploi du temps horaire
A tabular schedule of events with the times at which they occur, especially times of arrivals and departures.

timetable /ˈtaɪmˌteɪbəl/ v
planifier
(transitive) To arrange a specific time for (an event, a class, etc).

timid /ˈtɪmɪd/ timider timidest adj
timide craintif
Lacking in courage or confidence.

timidly more timidly most timidly adv
timidement
In a timid manner.

timing /ˈtaɪmɪŋ/ timings n
timing
(countable, uncountable) The time when something happens.

timing belt timing belts n
courroie de distribution
A part of an internal combustion engine that controls the timing of the engine's valves.

timocracy timocracies n
timocratie
(Platonism) A form of government in which ambition for honor, power and military glory motivates the rulers.
(Aristotelianism) A form of government in which civic honor or political power increases with the amount of property one owns.

timorous /ˈtɪməɹəs/ /ˈtɪmɹəs/ more timorous most timorous adj
craintif craintive timoré timorée
Fearful; afraid; timid.

timothy /ˈtɪməθi/ timothies n
fléole phléole
Other species of genus Phleum.

timpani /ˈtɪmpəni/ timpanis n
timbales
(musical instruments) The set of precision kettledrums in an orchestra.

timpanist timpanists n
timbalier timbalière
Someone who plays the timpani.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] adj
étain en étain
Made of tin.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] tins n
étain
(uncountable) A malleable, ductile, metallic element, resistant to corrosion, with atomic number 50 and symbol Sn.
boîte de conserve conserve
(NZ, AU, South African, Irish, British, countable) An airtight container, made of tin or another metal, used to preserve food, or hold a liquid or some other product.
gamelle moule
(countable) A metal pan used for baking, roasting, etc.

tin /tɪn/ [tʰɪn] v
conserver mettre en conserve
(transitive) To place into a metal can (ie. a tin; be it tin, steel, aluminum) in order to preserve.
étamer
(transitive) To cover with tin.
To coat with solder, in order to consolidate braided wire, so as to make contact with all strands and reduce fragility of the fraying wire
To coat with solder, in preparation for soldering, to ensure a good solder joint

tin can tin cans n
boîte de conserve
A container, usually cylindrical, made out of sheet metal coated with tin, or (by extension) aluminum.

tin mine tin mines n
mine [[d']]étain
A mine from which tin is extracted.

tin snips n
cisaille à tole cisailles

tin soldier tin soldiers n
soldat de plomb
A toy soldier made out of tin.

tinamou /ˈtɪ.nəˌmuː/ tinamous n
tinamou
Any of the birds belonging to the South American family Tinamidae, the only family in the order Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites, together with which they form the superorder Paleognathae.

tinder /ˈtɪn.də/ /ˈtɪn.dɚ/ tinders n
amadou
Small dry sticks and finely-divided fibrous matter etc., used to help light a fire.

tinderbox tinderboxes n
poudrière
(figurative) A potentially dangerous situation.

tine /taɪn/ tines n
dent fourchon
A spike or point on an implement or tool, especially a prong of a fork or a tooth of a comb.
andouiller
A small branch, especially on an antler or horn.

tined adj
étamé

tinfoil tinfoils n
papier d'étain
(informal) aluminium foil

tinfoil hat tinfoil hats n
chapeau en aluminium
A piece of headgear made from one or more sheets of tin foil, aluminium foil, or other similar material, especially when worn in the belief that it shields the brain from electromagnetic fields, or against mind control and/or mind reading.

tinge /tɪnd͡ʒ/ tinges n
teinte touche
A small added amount of colour; (by extension) a small added amount of some other thing.
nuance teinte
The degree of vividness of a colour; hue, shade, tint.

tinge /tɪnd͡ʒ/ v
teindre
(transitive) To add a small amount of colour; to tint; (by extension) to add a small amount of some other thing.

tingle /ˈtɪŋɡəl/ tingles n
picotement
A prickling or mildly stinging sensation; frisson.

tingle /ˈtɪŋɡəl/ v
picoter
(transitive) To cause to feel a prickling or mildly stinging sensation.

tingling tinglings n
picotement
A tingling sensation; pins and needles.

tinker /ˈtɪŋkə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪŋkɚ/ v
bricoler bidouiller magouiller manipuler traficoter
(ambitransitive) To fiddle with something in an attempt to fix, mend or improve it, especially in an experimental or unskilled manner.

tinkerer tinkerers n
ferblantier
Agent noun of tinker; one who tinkers with things.

tinkle /ˈtɪŋkəl/ tinkles n
tintement
A light metallic sound, resembling the tinkling of bells or wind chimes.

tinkle /ˈtɪŋkəl/ v
tinter
(intransitive) To make light metallic sounds, rather like a very small bell.

tinnitus /tɪˈnaɪ.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ə.təs/ /ˈtɪn.ɪ.təs/ tinnituses n
acouphène
(pathology) The perception of noise, such as a ringing or beating sound, which has no external source.

tinsel /ˈtɪns(ə)l/ /ˈtɪnsəl/ tinsels n
clinquant guirlande
A thin, shiny foil for ornamental purposes which is of a material made of metal or resembling metal; especially, narrow glittering strips of such a material, often strung on to thread, and traditionally at Christmastime draped on Christmas trees, hung from balustrades or ceilings, or wrapped around objects as a decoration.
oripeau
(figuratively) Anything shining and gaudy; especially something superficially shiny and showy, or having a false lustre, and more pretty than valuable.

tinsmith tinsmiths n
ferblantier étameur chaudronnier d'étain
A person who makes or repairs things with tin or similar alloys.

tinted more tinted most tinted adj
teint teinté
Slightly colored, having tint.

tintinnabulate v
tintinnabuler
To ring, tinkle, toll, or otherwise sound like bells.

tintinnabulation /ˌtɪntɪnˌnæbjəˈleɪʃən/ /ˌtɪntɪnˌnæbjʊˈleɪʃən/ tintinnabulations n
tintinnabulement
A tinkling sound, as of a bell or of breaking glass.

tiny /ˈtaɪni/ tinier tiniest adj
minuscule
Very small.

tip /tɪp/ tips n
pointe bout extrémité
The extreme end of something, especially when pointed; e.g. the sharp end of a pencil. [from 15th c.]
pourboire pourliche bonne-main dringuelle lagniappe
A gratuity; a small amount of money left for a bartender, waiter, taxi driver or other servant as a token of appreciation. [from mid-18th c.]
tuyau
A piece of private or secret information, especially imparted by someone with expert knowledge about sporting odds, business performance etc. [from mid-19th c.]
astuce conseil
A piece of advice.
décharge déchèterie
(UK, Australia, New Zealand) An area or a place for dumping something, such as rubbish or refuse, as from a mine; a heap (see tipple); a dump. [from 19th c.]

tip of the iceberg /ˈtɪp əv ði ˈaɪsbɝɡ/ /ˈtɪp əv ðiː ˈaɪsbɜːɡ/ tips of icebergs tips of the icebergs n
sommet de l'iceberg partie visible de l'iceberg partie émergée de l'iceberg
(idiomatic) A small indication of a larger possibility; the first part encountered of a problem that is much bigger than it seems.

tip one's hat v
tirer son chapeau
(idiomatic) To acknowledge or show respect; to honor.

tip the scales v
faire pencher la balance
(idiomatic) To turn to one side of a balanced situation.

tipcat tipcats n
bâtonnet
(uncountable) An old game in which a small piece of wood pointed at both ends is tipped, or struck with a stick or bat, to make it travel through the air as far as possible.
(countable) The wooden piece used in this game.

tipping point tipping points n
point critique point de bascule
(mathematics, catastrophe theory, figuratively, by extension) The point at which a slow, reversible change becomes irreversible, often with dramatic consequences.

tipple /ˈtɪpəl/ tipples n
carreau
An area near the entrance of mines which is used to load and unload coal.
benne basculante
(rail transport) An apparatus for unloading railroad freight cars by tipping them; the place where this is done.
bibine canon chopine coup goutte jaja
(slang) Any alcoholic drink.

tipple /ˈtɪpəl/ v
boire comme un Polonais boire comme un trou
(ambitransitive) To drink too much alcohol. [from mid-16th c.]
picoler biberonner boire lever le coude s'humecter la luette
(intransitive) To drink alcohol regularly or habitually, but not to excess.

tipsiness tipsinesses n
goguette griserie
The property of being tipsy.

tipsy /ˈtɪp.si/ tipsier tipsiest adj
éméché pompette gris égayé
(informal, slang) Slightly drunk, fuddled, staggering, foolish as a result of drinking alcoholic beverages.

tiptoe /ˈtɪpˌtoʊ/ /ˈtɪpˌtəʊ/ [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰoʊ̯] [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰəʊ̯] tiptoes n
pointe des pieds
(usually, in the plural) The tip of the toe.

tiptoe /ˈtɪpˌtoʊ/ /ˈtɪpˌtəʊ/ [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰoʊ̯] [ˈtʰɪpˌtʰəʊ̯] v
marcher sur la pointe des pieds
(intransitive) To walk quietly with only the tips of the toes touching the ground. [from late 14th C.]

tiqueur /tiˈkuɹ/ tiqueurs n
tiqueur

tirade /taɪˈɹeɪd/ /tɪˈɹeɪd/ /ˈtaɪɹeɪd/ tirades n
tirade diatribe
A long, angry or violent speech.
laisse tirade
A section of verse concerning a single theme.

tiramisu /ˌtɪɹəmiˈsu/ /ˌtɪɹəmɪˈsuː/ /ˌtɪɹəˈmisu/ tiramisus n
tiramisu
An Italian semifreddo dessert, originally from Veneto, made from ladyfinger biscuits, cocoa, mascarpone cheese, Marsala wine, eggs (or sometimes cream), sugar and espresso coffee.

tire /ˈtaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaɪ̯ɚ/ /ˈtɑːɚ/ /ˈtʌɪ̯ɚ/ [ˈtʰaɪ̯ɚ] v
(se) fatiguer
fatiguer
(intransitive) To become sleepy or weary.
(transitive) To make sleepy or weary.
(intransitive) To become bored or impatient (with).

tire iron tire irons n
démonte-pneu
A tool used for installing or removing an automotive wheel, in the form of bar made of strong metal, with a chisel end for prying off the hubcap and a socket wrench end for loosening or tightening lug nuts.

tired [ˈtajəd] [ˈtaɪ̯əd] [ˈtaɪ̯ɚd] [ˈtæ̞ːəd] [ˈtɑjəd] more tired most tired tireder tiredest adj
fatigué
In need of some rest or sleep.

tiredness tirednesses n
fatigue
The state of being tired.

tireless adj
inlassable
Indefatigable, untiring and not yielding to fatigue

tirelessly more tirelessly most tirelessly adv
inlassablement
In a tireless manner; without tiring, flagging, or ceasing.

tiresome /ˈtaɪəsəm/ /ˈtaɪɹsəm/ more tiresome most tiresome adj
ennuyeux barbant
Causing fatigue or boredom; wearisome.

tiring /ˈtaɪəɹɪŋ/ more tiring most tiring adj
fatigant
That tires or tire.

tirzepatide n
tirzépatide

tissue /ˈtɪs.juː/ /ˈtɪʃ.(j)u/ /ˈtɪʃ.u/ tissues n
tissu
Thin, woven, gauze-like fabric.
(biology) A group of cells (along with their extracellular matrix if any) that are similar in origin and function together to do a specific job.
kleenex mouchoir en papier
A sheet of absorbent paper, especially one that is made to be used as tissue paper, toilet paper or a handkerchief.

tissular adj
tissulaire
Of or pertaining to tissue

tit /tɪt/ tits n
nichon néné lolo nibard
(slang, vulgar, chiefly, in the plural) A person's breast or nipple.
nichon néné lolo glande mammaire nibard
(UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, slang, derogatory) A police officer; a "tithead".

tit for tat /ˈtɪt fə(ɹ) ˈtæt/ /ˈtɪt fɚ ˈtæt/ /ˈtɪt fɝ ˈtæt/ tit for tats n
donnant-donnant rendre la monnaie de sa pièce un prêté pour un rendu
(idiomatic) Equivalent retribution; an act of returning exactly what one gets; an eye for an eye.

tit fuck tit fucks n
branlette espagnole cravate de notaire
(sexuality, vulgar) The stimulation of the penis by someone's breasts, usually until the point of ejaculation.

tit fuck v
faire une branlette espagnole
(transitive, sexuality) To stimulate someone's penis between the breasts of (a person).

titan /ˈtaɪtən/ titans n
titan
Something or someone of very large stature, greatness, or godliness.

titan arum titan arums n
arum titan
Amorphophallus titanum, an aroid native to Sumatra

titan beetle titan beetles n
titan
A species of longhorn beetle (Titanus giganteus).

titanite titanites n
titanite
(mineral) A mixed calcium and titanium neosilicate, CaTiSiO5, once known as sphene.

titanium /taɪˈteɪni.əm/ /tɪˈteɪni.əm/ titaniums n
titane
A chemical element, atomic number 22; it is a strong, corrosion-resistant transition metal, used to make light alloys for aircraft etc.

titanium dioxide titanium dioxides n
dioxyde de titane
(chemistry) a brilliant white powder, TiO2, used as a pigment, and in sunblock, toothpaste and cosmetics

tithe /taɪð/ tithes n
dîme dime
(historical) The tenth part of the increase arising from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy for their support, as in England, or devoted to religious or charitable uses.

titian /ˈtɪʃən/ more titian most titian adj
Titien
Of a bright auburn colour, tinted with gold, especially in reference to hair.

titian /ˈtɪʃən/ titians n
rouge Titien
A bright auburn colour, tinted with gold.

titillate /ˈtɪtɪleɪt/ v
titiller
To stimulate or excite sensually

titin /ˈtaɪtɪn/ n
titine
(protein) A protein important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues.

titivate /ˈtɪt.ə.veɪt/ /ˈtɪt.ɪ.veɪt/ v
pomponner
To make small improvements or alterations to (one's appearance etc.); to add some finishing touches to, to spruce up or touch up.

title /ˈtaɪ.təl/ titles n
titre
An appellation given to a person or family to signify either veneration, official position, social rank, the possession of assets or properties, or a professional or academic qualification. See also Category:Titles
(property law) Legal right to ownership of a property; a deed or other certificate proving this.
titre intitulé
A section or division of a subject, as of a law or a book.

title bar title bars n
barre de titre
(GUI) The bar at the top of a window or a dialogue box displaying the name of the application or open document.

title deed title deeds n
titre de propriété
(legal) A deed or similar document by which the title to property is conveyed between parties.

title page title pages n
page de titre
The page, near the front of a book, that gives its title and, normally, its author and publisher.

titmouse /ˈtɪtmaʊs/ titmice titmouses n
mésange
Any small passerine bird of the family Paridae, which are found in the woods of the Northern Hemisphere and of Africa.

titrate /ˈtaɪtɹeɪt/ /ˈtɪtɹeɪt/ v
titrer
(analytical chemistry) To ascertain the amount of a constituent in a solution (or other mixture) by measuring the volume of a known concentration (the "standard solution") needed to complete a reaction.

titration /taɪˈtɹeɪʃən/ /tɪˈtɹeɪʃən/ titrations n
titrage
(analytical chemistry) The determination of the concentration of some substance in a solution by slowly adding measured amounts of some other substance (normally using a burette) until a reaction is shown to be complete, for instance by the colour change of an indicator.

tits and ass n
des seins et un cul seins et fesses
(vulgar, slang, US, Canada) Entertainment involving scantily clad women.

titter /ˈtɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪtɚ/ [ˈtɪɾɚ] titters n
ricanement
A nervous or somewhat repressed giggle.

titter /ˈtɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɪtɚ/ [ˈtɪɾɚ] v
ricaner
To laugh or giggle in a somewhat subdued or restrained way, as from nervousness or poorly-suppressed amusement.

tittle /ˈtɪt.əl/ tittles n
point

titty /ˈtɪti/ [ˈtʰɪɾi] titties n
nichon
(slang, vulgar) A breast.

titushky n
titouchka
(neologism) Hired thugs used for violence and intimidation against protestors by the Ukrainian government during the Euromaidan revolution; (by extension) pro-government vigilantes attacking picketers, protesters in the ex-USSR

tl;dr /tiː ˌɛl diː ˈɑː(ɹ)/ phraseologicalUnit
tl;nlp
(chiefly, Internet slang) Initialism of too long; didn't read. Used to indicate that one did not read a (long) text.

tlaquimilolli tlaquimilolli n
tlaquimilolli
A sacred bundle.

tmesis /t(ə)ˈmiːsɪs/ /ˈmiːsɪs/ tmeses n
tmèse
(prosody) The insertion of one or more words between the components of a compound word.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] particle
-er -ir -re
A particle used for marking the following verb as an infinitive.
pour afin de
(expressing purpose) In order to.

to /tu/ /tuː/ /tə/ /tʉː/ /tʊ/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] [tʰʉː] [ɾə] [ɾʊ] preposition
pour
à en au
Indicating destination: In the direction of, so as to arrive at.
à
Used to indicate the target or recipient of an action.
Denotes the end of a range.
à de au contre envers à la
(arithmetic) Used to indicate that the preceding term is to be raised to the power of the following value; indicates exponentiation.
moins
(time) Preceding the next hour.

to a T
à la perfection à merveille
(idiomatic) Precisely; exactly; perfectly; with great attention to detail.

to a large extent
dans une large mesure

to a lesser extent
dans une moindre mesure

to and fro adv
d'avant en arrière
Back and forth; with a reciprocating motion.

to and fro to and fros tos and fros n
aller-retour va-et-vient
(dated) The movement (of someone or something) forward followed by a return to the same position. May refer to a concept such as an emotional state or a relationship as well as a physical thing.

to arms
aux armes
Used to order an attack, a summons to war or battle.

to be continued phraseologicalUnit
à suivre
(writing, television) Used at the end of an episode of a serial publication or program to indicate that the story continues in the next episode.

to be honest phraseologicalUnit
franchement en toute franchise pour être honnête
(idiomatic) Frankly, honestly.

to come adj
à venir

to date
à ce jour à date
(idiomatic) Until now; until the present time.

to death
à crever à mort à mourir
(degree, hyperbole) To a great degree; to the greatest degree possible, to excess.

to do with preposition
avoir à voir
(idiomatic) Related to or relevant to.

to each his own proverb
à chacun son goût
Every person is entitled to his or her personal preferences and tastes.

to err is human proverb
l'erreur est humaine
Everyone makes mistakes.

to heel interjection
au pied
An order to an animal, by its master, not to stray far from him.

to hell with phraseologicalUnit
au diable
(mildly, vulgar) Used to show displeasure or disregard toward the named person or thing.

to no avail
en vain sans succès

to one's heart's content adv
à cœur joie
(idiomatic) Until satisfied; as much as is wished.

to one's knowledge
pour autant que je sache
To the extent of one's limited knowledge of the facts.

to perfection
à la perfection

to say nothing of /tə seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/ /tʊ seɪ ˈnʌθɪŋ əv/ conjunction
sans compter sans parler de
(idiomatic) An apophasis used to mention another important, usually related, point: not taking into account, not to mention, without considering.

to say the least adv
c’est le moins que l’on puisse dire c’est le moins qu’on puisse dire pour le moins
(idiom) Used to suggest an understatement.

to scale
à l'échelle
Drawn, designed or constructed such that each dimension has the same proportion to the original.

to some extent
dans une certaine mesure
Partly; in part.

to speak of phraseologicalUnit
digne [[d']]être mentionné digne de ce nom

to taste
au goût
(cooking) Depending on personal taste.

to tell the truth adv
à dire vrai à vrai dire
(idiomatic) An attestation to the truthfulness and frankness of an associated statement.

to that end
à cet effet
(formal, conjunctive, idiomatic) For that reason, with that goal, intending to produce that result.

to the brim
à ras bord
(figurative) To the point of being full, almost overflowing.

to the core
jusqu'à la moelle
Completely, down to one's very essence.

to the day
jour pour jour
Of temporal measurements or comparisons: exactly; measured on the level of days, rather than more loosely by weeks, months etc.

to the fore
au premier plan à l'avant-plan
In, into, or towards a prominent position.

to the letter adv
au pied de la lettre à la lettre à la virgule près
(idiomatic) Literally, exactly, following the rules as written.

to the minute adv
montre en main

to the power of preposition
puissance
(mathematics) Indicating an exponent.

to thine own self be true proverb
sois loyal envers toi-même
Be yourself; be true to yourself; do not engage in self-deception.

to think that conjunction
dire que

to this end
dans ce but pour ce faire à cette fin
To achieve the previously specified goal.

to what end adv
dans quel but pour quoi faire à quelle fin
For what purpose, what for, why.

to whom it may concern phraseologicalUnit
à qui de droit
Used as a formal salutation in a letter when the writer does not know who will read the letter.

to wit adv
à savoir assavoir
(formal) that is to say; namely; specifically.

to-do to-dos n
à faire
A task that has been noted as one that must be completed, especially on a list.

to-do list to-do lists n
liste de choses à faire liste de tâches
A list of errands and other tasks – often written on a piece of paper as a memory aid – that one needs or intends to accomplish.

to-infinitive to-infinitives n
infinitif avec to infinitif complet
(grammar) Am English infinitive verb form when introduced by the particle to.

toad /toʊd/ /təʊd/ toads n
crapaud
An amphibian, a kind of frog (order Anura) with shorter hindlegs and a drier, wartier skin, many in family Bufonidae.

toadflax toadflaxes n
linaire
Any of several European plants, of the genus Linaria, having two-lipped yellow flowers.

toady /ˈtoʊ.di/ /ˈtəʊ.di/ toadies n
flagorneur
A sycophant who flatters others to gain personal advantage, or an obsequious, servile lackey or minion.

toast /toʊst/ /təʉst/ /təʊst/ toasts n
pain grillé toast rôtie
(countable, uncountable) Toasted bread.
toast
(countable) A proposed salutation (e.g. to say "cheers") while drinking alcohol.

toast /toʊst/ /təʉst/ /təʊst/ v
griller
To lightly cook by browning via direct exposure to a fire or other heat source.
To grill, lightly cook by browning specifically under a grill or in a toaster
trinquer porter un toast
To engage in a salutation and/or accompanying raising of glasses while drinking alcohol in honor of someone or something.

toasted adj
toasté

toaster /ˈtoʊstɚ/ /ˈtəʊstə/ toasters n
grille-pain toasteur
An electrical device for toasting bread, English muffins, crumpets, etc.

tobacco /təˈbæk.oʊ/ /təˈbæk.əʊ/ tobaccoes tobaccos n
tabac
(uncountable) Any plant of the genus Nicotiana.
(uncountable) Leaves of Nicotiana tabacum and some other species cultivated and harvested to make cigarettes, cigars, snuff, for smoking in pipes or for chewing.
(countable) A variety of tobacco.

tobacco pipe tobacco pipes n
pipe
A small, hand-held device in its simplest form consisting of a bowl and stem; used for inhaling the smoke of burning tobacco.

tobacconist tobacconists n
buraliste
A person who sells tobacco, cigarettes, cigars, snuff and sundry items.

tobacconist's tobacconists' n
tabac bureau de tabac débit de tabac
A shop that sells tobacco products.

toboggan /təˈbɑːɡ.ən/ /təˈbɒɡ.ən/ toboggans n
toboggan tabaganne
A long sled without runners, with the front end curled upwards, which may be pulled across snow by a cord or used to coast down hills.

toccata /təˈkɑːtə/ toccatas toccate n
toccata
(music) A piece of music (usually for a keyboard instrument) designed to emphasise the dexterity of the performer.

tocsin /ˈtɒksɪn/ tocsins n
tocsin
An alarm or other signal sounded by a bell or bells, originally especially with reference to France.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] adv
aujourd'hui aujourd’hui
On the current day or date.
aujourd'hui actuellement de nos jours
In the current era; nowadays; these days.

today /təˈdeɪ/ /tʊˈdeɪ/ [tʰəˈdeɪ] [tʰʉɾeɪː] [tʰʊˈdeɪ] todays n
aujourd'hui
A current day or date.

toddle /ˈtɒdəl/ v
chanceler
To walk unsteadily, as a small child does.

toddler /ˈtɑdlɚ/ /ˈtɒdlə/ toddlers n
bambin bambine bébé
A young child who has started walking but not fully mastered it, typically between one and three years old.

toddy toddies n
grog

toe /toʊ/ /təʊ/ toes n
orteil doigt de pied
(automotive) An alignment of the wheels of a road vehicle, either positive (toe in), meaning the wheels are closer together at the front than at the back, or negative (toe out), the other way round.

toe bean toe beans n
coussinet

toe ring toe rings n
bague d'orteil
A round piece of metal worn around the toe.

toe-poke toe-pokes n
pointard
(soccer) A kick to a football with the toe end of the boot.

toeboard toeboards n
butoir
(athletics) In throwing sports such as javelin and shot put, a board on the ground, over which the thrower must not step.

toehold /ˈtəʊhəʊld/ toeholds n
prise
(by extension) Any small advantage which allows one to make significant progress; a slight footing or foothold.

toenail /ˈtəʊˌneɪl/ toenails n
ongle de pied ongle [[de|d']]orteil
The thin, horny, transparent plate covering the upper surface of the end of a toe.

toffee /ˈtɒfi/ /ˈtɔfi/ toffees n
caramel
(uncountable) A type of confectionery made by boiling sugar (or treacle, etc) with butter or milk, then cooling the mixture so that it becomes hard.
(countable) A small, individual piece of toffee.

tofu /ˈtoʊfu/ /ˈtəʊfuː/ tofus n
tofu tofou
A protein-rich food made from curdled soy milk.

toga /ˈtoʊ.ɡə/ /ˈtəʊ.ɡə/ togae togas togæ n
toge
A loose outer garment worn by the citizens of Ancient Rome.
A loose wrap gown.

together /təˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /təˈɡɛðɚ/ /tʊˈɡɛð.ə(ɹ)/ /tʊˈɡɛðɚ/ adv
ensemble
At the same time, in the same place; in close association or proximity.
Into one place; into a single thing; combined.

toggle /ˈtɑ.ɡəl/ /ˈtɒɡ.əl/ toggles n
cabillot
(nautical) A wooden or metal pin, short rod, crosspiece or similar, fixed transversely in the eye of a rope or chain to be secured to any other loop, ring, or bight, e.g. a sea painter to a lifeboat.

toggle /ˈtɑ.ɡəl/ /ˈtɒɡ.əl/ v
commuter
To alternate between two positions using a single switch or lever.
basculer
To switch between alternate states.

toggle joint toggle joints n
genouillère
A mechanical linkage of the type of an elbow or knee joint, consisting of two bars so connected that they may be brought quite or nearly into a straight line, and made to produce great endwise pressure when brought into this position.

toggle switch toggle switches n
interrupteur à bascule interrupteur à levier
A switch actuated by moving a small lever; usually an on/off switch with two positions.

toil /tɔɪl/ /ˈtɔɪəl/ v
travailler
(intransitive) To labour; work.

toilet /ˈtɔɪ.lət/ /ˈtɔɪ.lɪt/ toilets n
toilettes toilette cabinet petit coin waters wc
(UK, AU, HK) A room or enclosed area containing a fixture used for urination and defecation (i.e. a toilet (sense 2)): a bathroom or water closet. [from 19th c.]
toilettes cabinets w.-c.
A fixture used for urination and defecation, particularly one with a large bowl and ring-shaped seat which uses water to flush the waste material into a septic tank or sewer system. [from 19th c.]
(NZ) A small secondary lavatory having a fixture used for urination and defecation (i.e. a toilet (sense 2)) and sink but no bathtub or shower.
toilette
(now, historical, or, archaic) Personal grooming; the process of washing, dressing and arranging the hair. [from 17th c.]

toilet bowl toilet bowls n
cuvette de toilette
Receptacle designed to receive the dejections of humans.

toilet brush toilet brushes n
brosse de toilettes balai de toilettes brosse à chiotte
A brush used to clean a toilet (the appliance which accepts human waste).

toilet humour n
humour pipi caca pipi caca
(euphemistic) Scatological or vulgar language intended to be amusing.

toilet paper toilet papers n
papier toilette papier hygiénique
Paper, usually on a roll, to clean oneself after defecation, or to pat oneself dry after urination.

toilet roll toilet rolls n
rouleau de papier hygiénique rouleau de papier toilette
(UK) A roll of toilet paper.

toilet seat toilet seats n
lunette
The hinged, contoured seat with a hole in the middle, often with a hinged cover, of a toilet

toilet training /ˈtɔɪ.lət ˌtɹeɪn.ɪŋ/ toilet trainings n
entraînement à la propreté
The process of training a young child to use the toilet to relieve themselves.
The process of training a domesticated or pet animal to avoid urinating or defecating indoors and to use designated places instead.

toilet-trained adj
entraîné à la propreté propre
Able to use a children's potty or a full-sized toilet, having been through toilet training.

toise /tɔɪz/ toises n
toise
(historical) A former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres.

tokamak /ˈtoʊkəmæk/ /ˈtəʊkəmæk/ tokamaks n
tokamak
(nuclear physics) A torus-shaped chamber used in nuclear fusion research in which a plasma is magnetically confined. [from 20th c.]

tokay /toʊˈkeɪ/ /təʊˈkeɪ/ tokays n
tokay
Any of a variety of white wines made from this grape.

token /ˈtoʊkən/ /ˈtəʊkən/ more token most token adj
symbolique
Perfunctory or merely symbolic; done or existing for appearance's sake, or to minimally comply with a requirement.

token /ˈtoʊkən/ /ˈtəʊkən/ tokens n
symbole
Something serving as an expression of something else.
jeton
A piece of stamped metal or plastic, etc., used as a substitute for money; a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services.

tokophobia /ˌtəʊkəˈfəʊbi.ə/ n
tocophobie

tolar tolarjev tolarji tolars n
tolar
(historical) A state currency formerly used by the Republic of Slovenia between 1991 and 2006, divided into 100 stotins.

tolerable /ˈtɑləɹəbl̩/ /ˈtɒləɹəbl̩/ more tolerable most tolerable adj
tolérable
Capable of being borne, tolerated or endured; bearable or endurable.

tolerably /ˈtɑləɹəbli/ /ˈtɒləɹəbli/ more tolerably most tolerably adv
tolérablement
In a tolerable manner; to an extent that can be tolerated.

tolerance /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɒl.ə.ɹəns/ /ˈtɔl.ə.ɹəns/ tolerances n
tolérance
(uncountable, obsolete) The ability to endure pain or hardship; endurance. [15th–19th c.]
(uncountable) The ability or practice of tolerating; an acceptance of or patience with the beliefs, opinions or practices of others; a lack of bigotry. [from 18th c.]
(countable) The variation or deviation from a standard, especially the maximum permitted variation in an engineering measurement. [from 20th c.]

tolerant /ˈtɑːləɹənt/ /ˈtɒləɹənt/ more tolerant most tolerant adj
tolérant
Tending to permit, allow, understand, or accept something.

tolerate /ˈtɑ.lə.ɹeɪt/ /ˈtɒl.ə.ɹeɪt/ v
tolérer supporter souffrir
(transitive) To allow or permit without explicit approval, usually if it is perceived as negative.

toll /toɫ/ /toʊl/ /tɑl/ /tɒl/ /tɔl/ /təʊl/ [tʰɔwɫ] tolls n
péage
A fee paid for some liberty or privilege, particularly for the privilege of passing over a bridge or on a highway, or for that of vending goods in a fair, market, etc.
sonnerie
The act or sound of ringing a bell, especially slowly, as with a church or cemetery bell.
perte
Loss or damage incurred through a disaster.
domage
(business, by extension) A fee for using any kind of material processing service.

toll /toɫ/ /toʊl/ /tɑl/ /tɒl/ /tɔl/ /təʊl/ [tʰɔwɫ] v
taxer
(transitive) To impose a fee for the use of.
sonner le glas
(ergative) To ring (a bell) slowly and repeatedly.
sonner
(figuratively) To make a sound as if made by a bell.

toll booth toll booths n
cabine de péage péage
A booth on a toll road or toll bridge where the toll is collected.

toll call toll calls n
appel surtaxé
A telephone call with a higher charge than that for a normal local call.

tollgate tollgates n
barrière de péage

toluene /ˈtɑl.ju.in/ /ˈtɒl.juː.iːn/ toluenes n
toluène
(organic compound) A colourless, inflammable liquid hydrocarbon, methylbenzene, CH3.C6H5, used as a solvent, in high-octane fuels and in the production of many chemical compounds.

tom /tɑm/ /tɒm/ toms n
chat matou
The intact male of the domesticated cat.
mâle
The male of certain other animals.

tom-tit tom-tits n
miro mésange
(ornithology) Petroica macrocephala, the miromiro or New Zealand tit, a bird of the Petroicidae (Australasian robin) family.

tomahawk /ˈtɑ.mə.hɑk/ /ˈtɑ.mə.hɔk/ /ˈtɒm.ə.hɔːk/ tomahawks n
tomahawk
(geometry) A geometric construction consisting of a semicircle and two line segments that serves as a tool for trisecting an angle; so called from its resemblance to the American Indian axe.

tomatillo tomatilloes tomatillos n
tomatille
A plant of the nightshade family originating in Mexico, Physalis philadelphica, cultivated for its tomato-like green to green-purple fruit surrounded by a thin papery skin.

tomato /təˈmeɪ.toʊ/ /təˈmɑː.təʊ/ /ʈoˈmæʈo/ [-ma-] [tʰəˈme(ː)to(ː)] [tʰəˈmeɪɾo] [tʰɵ-] tomatoes n
tomate tomatier
A widely cultivated plant, Solanum lycopersicum, having edible fruit.

tomato juice tomato juices n
jus de tomate
Juice made from tomatoes. In modern use, this usually refers to the comminuted flesh and juice of cooked tomatoes, prepared commercially.

tomato paste tomato pastes n
pâte de tomate
A concentrate of tomato purée; used in making pizzas etc.

tomato purée tomato purées n
purée de tomates
A concentrated sauce (sold in tins or tubes) made from mashed tomatoes.

tomato sauce tomato sauces n
sauce tomate
(cooking) A thick sauce made from tomatoes for pasta etc.

tomayto, tomahto /təˈmeɪtoʊ təˈmɑːtəʊ/ phraseologicalUnit
blanc bonnet, bonnet blanc bonnet blanc, blanc bonnet
(idiomatic) Used to dismissively suggest that something is a distinction without a difference

tomb /tum/ /tuːm/ tombs n
tombe tombeau
A small building (or "vault") for the remains of the dead, with walls, a roof, and (if it is to be used for more than one corpse) a door. It may be partly or wholly in the ground (except for its entrance) in a cemetery, or it may be inside a church proper or in its crypt. Single tombs may be permanently sealed; those for families (or other groups) have doors for access whenever needed.

tombak n
tombak
(musical instruments) A type of goblet drum used heavily in Persian music.
tombac
A brass alloy also known as red-bronze. Term used where zinc content is below 28%. Usually consists of 84-90 % copper and 16-10% zinc, sometimes including arsenic to mimic gold.

tomboy /ˈtɑm.bɔɪ/ /ˈtɒm.bɔɪ/ tomboys n
garçon manqué garçonne
A girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner.

tombstone /tuːmstoʊn/ /tuːmstəʊn/ tombstones n
pierre tombale
A headstone marking a person's grave.

tomcod tomcod tomcods n
petit poisson des chenaux poulamon
Any of species Microgadus tomcod, of edible cod found in the Atlantic.

tome /toʊm/ /təʊm/ tomes n
tome
One in a series of volumes.
pavé
A large or scholarly book.

tomfoolery /ˈtɑmˌful.ɚ.i/ /ˌtɒmˈfuːlə.ɹi/ [ˈtʰɑmˌɸuɫ.ɚ.i] [ˈtʰɑɱˌfuɫ.ɚ.i] tomfooleries n
bouffonnerie niaiserie pitrerie
Foolish behaviour or speech.

tomgirl tomgirls n
fille manquée
Synonym of tomboy (“girl who behaves in a typically boyish manner”)

tomography tomographies n
tomographie
Imaging by sections or sectioning.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ adv
demain
(computing, Internet) Midnight (00:00) UTC, start of day, on the day after the present day.

tomorrow /təˈmɑɹoʊ/ /təˈmɑɹə/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ/ /təˈmɒɹə/ /təˈmɒɹəʊ/ /təˈmɔɹoʊ/ /təˈmʌɹəʊ/ /tʊ-/ /tʊˈmɑɹoʊ/ tomorrows n
demain lendemain
(uncountable) The day after the present day.

tomorrow is another day /təˈmɑɹoʊ ɪz əˈnʌðɚ deɪ/ /təˈmɒɹoʊ ɪz əˈnʌðə(ɹ) deɪ/ proverb
demain est un autre jour
Tomorrow will bring new opportunities and a fresh start for one's endeavors.

tomorrow night adv
demain soir
During the night of the day after the present day.

tomorrow night tomorrow nights n
demain soir
The night of the day after the present day.

ton /tʌn/ tons n
tonne
Any of various units of mass, (historical) originally notionally equal to the contents of a tun, particularly
tonne flopée
(figuratively) Any large, excessive, or overwhelming amount of anything.

tonal /ˈtoʊnəl/ /ˈtəʊnəl/ more tonal most tonal adj
tonal
Of or relating to tones or tonality.

tonality tonalities n
tonalité
(music) The system of seven tones built on a tonic key; the 24 major and minor scales.

tone /toʊn/ /təʊn/ tones n
ton
(linguistics) The pitch of a word that distinguishes a difference in meaning, for example in Chinese.
(dated) A whining style of speaking; a kind of mournful or artificial strain of voice; an affected speaking with a measured rhythm and a regular rise and fall of the voice.
(literature) The manner in which speech or writing is expressed.

tone mark tone marks n
marque de ton
(linguistics) A symbol used to indicate tones in tonal languages.

tone sandhi n
sandhi tonal
(phonology) The change of tone that occurs in some tonal languages when certain tones are pronounced successively.

tone-deaf more tone-deaf most tone-deaf adj
qui n'a pas d'oreille
Unable to clearly distinguish the difference in pitch between different notes.
déconnecté hors-sol
(colloquial) Out of touch with the experience of ordinary people.

toned /toʊnd/ /təʊnd/ more toned most toned adj
robuste vigoureux
Physically fit, with somewhat defined and firm muscles and limited bodyfat.

toneme /ˈtəʊniːm/ tonemes n
tonème
(linguistics) A phoneme in a language that uses different tones for different meanings.

toner /ˈtoʊnɚ/ toners n
toner
Powder used in laser printers and photocopiers to form the text and images on the printed paper.

tong /tɑŋ/ /tɒŋ/ /tɔŋ/ tongs n
pince
(mostly plural) An instrument or tool used for manipulating things in a fire without touching them with the hands.
tong
a Chinese secret society or gang

tongs /tɑŋz/ /tɒŋz/ /tɔŋz/ n
pinces
An instrument or tool used for picking things up without touching them with the hands or fingers, consisting of two slats or grips hinged at the end or in the middle, and sometimes including a spring to open the grips.

tongue /tɒŋɡ/ /tʊŋ/ /tʊŋɡ/ /tʌŋ/ tongues n
langue
(countable, uncountable) This organ, as taken from animals used for food (especially cows).
languette langue
In a shoe, the flap of material that goes between the laces and the foot (so called because it resembles a tongue in the mouth).

tongue depressor tongue depressors n
abaisse-langue
A long narrow smooth piece of wood designed to depress the tongue, to allow for examination of the rear of the oral cavity.
(less commonly) Any device used to depress the tongue.

tongue-in-cheek more tongue-in-cheek most tongue-in-cheek adj
second degré
(idiomatic) Not intended seriously; jocular or humorous.

tongue-tied /ˈtʌŋtaɪd/ more tongue-tied most tongue-tied adj
sans voix
Prevented from or unable to express oneself clearly or fluently, or freely; at a loss for words, speechless.

tongue-twister tongue-twisters n
virelangue
A phrase that is deliberately designed to be difficult to say correctly, usually because of varying combinations of similar phonemes.

tonic /ˈtɒnɪk/ tonics n
tonic tonique
A substance with medicinal properties intended to restore or invigorate.
tonique
(music) The first note of a diatonic scale; the keynote.

tonic water tonic waters n
eau tonique soda tonique
A carbonated beverage containing quinine, originally used as a prophylactic against malaria, and now used as a soft drink or as a mixer in gin and tonic and other cocktails.

tonify v
tonifier

tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv
cette nuit ce soir au soir à soir
During the night following the current day; during the evening of today.

tonnage /ˈtʌnɪd͡ʒ/ tonnages n
tonnage
The total shipping of a fleet or nation.

tonometric adj
tonométrique
Of or pertaining to tonometry.

tonometry /təˈnɒmətɹi/ tonometries n
tonométrie
The measurement of tension or pressure.

tonsil /ˈtɑn.səl/ /ˈtɒn.səl/ /ˈtɒn.sɪl/ tonsils n
amygdale
(anatomy, immunology) Ellipsis of palatine tonsil.

tonsil stone tonsil stones n
caséum
A mineralization of debris within the crevices of the tonsils.

tonsillectomy tonsillectomies n
amygdalectomie tonsillectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of the tonsils, especially the palatine tonsils. Frequently accompanied by an adenoidectomy.

tonsillitis /tɒnsəˈlaɪtɪs/ tonsillites tonsillitides n
amygdalite
(pathology) Inflammation of the tonsils.

tonsillopharyngitis n
amygdalo-pharyngite amygdalopharyngite tonsillo-pharyngite tonsillopharyngite
inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx

tonsure /ˈtɒn.ʃə(ɹ)/ tonsures n
tonsure
The hairstyle and characteristic bald patch resulting from being tonsured.

tonsure /ˈtɒn.ʃə(ɹ)/ v
tonsurer
(Christianity, Buddhism) To shave the crown of the head as a sign of humility and religious vocation.

tontine /tɒnˈtiːn/ /ˈtɒntaɪn/ /ˈtɒnˌtiːn/ tontines n
tontine

tontineer tontineers n
tontinier tontinière

too /tu/ /tuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] adv
aussi
(focus) Likewise.
trop
(degree) To an excessive degree; over; more than enough.

too bad phraseologicalUnit
dommage tant pis
(idiomatic) That's a pity.
dommage que
(idiomatic) It is sad that.

too good to be true phraseologicalUnit
trop beau pour être vrai
(idiomatic) Appearing to be exceptionally good, and therefore arousing suspicion of illegitimacy.

too many determiner
trop
Excessive (used with countable nouns).

too many chiefs and not enough Indians phraseologicalUnit
trop de chefs, pas assez d'indiens
Too many leaders or managers and not enough people doing actual, useful work.

too many cooks spoil the broth proverb
autant de têtes, autant d'avis deux patrons font chavirer la barque
If too many people participate in a task, especially in a leading role, the task will not be done very well.

too much /tu ˈmʌtʃ/ adv
trop
To a greater extent than is wanted or required; excessively.

tool /tul/ /tuːl/ /tʉːl/ tools n
mouton
outil instrument
Any mechanical device meant to ease or do a task.
Any piece of equipment used in a profession, e.g. a craftman's tools.
engin
(vulgar, informal) A penis, notably with a sexual or erotic connotation.

tool /tul/ /tuːl/ /tʉːl/ v
façonner
(transitive) To work on or shape with tools, e.g., hand-tooled leather.

tool steel tool steels n
acier à outil
Any of a variety of carbon and alloy steels that are particularly suited for making tools.

toolbar toolbars n
barre d'outils
(graphical user interface) A row of buttons, usually marked with icons, used to activate the functions of an application or operating system.

toolbox /ˈtuːlˌbɑks/ /ˈtuːlˌbɒks/ /ˈtʉːlˌbɔks/ toolboxes n
boite à outils boîte à outils
A storage case for tools.
toolbox boîte à outils
(computing) A set of pre-existing routines for use in writing new programs.

toolkit toolkits n
nécessaire
A set of tools kept together, especially comprising all the tools suitable for some particular type of work.
toolkit
(computing) A set of software tools or components.

toolset toolsets n
boîte à outils
A collection of tools; a toolkit.

tooltip tooltips n
infobulle
(graphical user interface) An element of a graphical user interface in the form of a box of text that appears when a cursor is made to hover over an item; normally used to explain the function of the item.

toon toons n
BD bande dessinée
(informal) A cartoon, especially an animated television show.

toot /tuːt/ /tʊt/ toots n
pouet pouët
The noise of a horn or whistle.
pet prout
(by extension, informal) A fart; flatus.

toot one's own horn v
faire son propre éloge se jeter des fleurs s’envoyer des fleurs
(idiomatic) To promote oneself; to boast or brag; to tout oneself.

tooth /tuːθ/ /tuθ/ /tʊθ/ teeth n
dent
A sharp projection on the blade of a saw or similar implement.
A projection on the edge of a gear that meshes with similar projections on adjacent gears, or on the circumference of a cog that engages with a chain.
(zoology) A projection or point in other parts of the body resembling the tooth of a vertebrate animal.
(figurative) Liking, fondness (compare toothsome).

tooth and nail adv
bec et ongles
(figurative) Viciously; with all one's strength or power; without holding back.

tooth fairy /-ˌfɛɹi/ /ˈtuːθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/ /ˈtuθ ˌfɛə̯ɹi/ tooth fairies n
petite souris fée des dents
A figure of modern myth said to give children a small amount of money (or sometimes a present) in exchange for a milk tooth when it falls out of a child's mouth.

tooth socket tooth sockets n
alvéole dentaire
(anatomy) A socket in the jaw in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.

toothache /ˈtuθˌeɪk/ toothaches n
mal de dents mal aux dents
(medicine) A pain or ache in a tooth.

toothbrush /ˈtuːθbɹʌʃ/ toothbrushes n
brosse à dents
A brush, used with toothpaste, for cleaning the teeth.

toothed /tuːθt/ adj
denté
Having projections resembling teeth.

toothed whale toothed whales n
cétacé à dents odontocète
(marine biology) A whale of the Odontoceti suborder of the cetaceans, including sperm whales, beaked whales, dolphins, and others.

toothless /ˈtuθləs/ /ˈtuθlɪs/ more toothless most toothless adj
édenté
Having no teeth.

toothlessness n
anodontie édentement
The state or condition of being toothless; lack of teeth.

toothpaste /ˈtuːθpeɪst/ /ˈtuθpeɪst/ toothpastes n
dentifrice pâte à dents
A paste, normally used with a toothbrush, for cleaning the teeth.

toothpick /tuːθ.pɪk/ toothpicks n
cure-dent
A small, usually wooden, stick, often pointed at both ends, for removing food residue from between the teeth.

toothpickweed toothpickweeds n
herbe-aux-cure-dents
Ammi visnaga (syn. Visnaga daucoides)

toothpuller toothpullers n
arracheur de dents
(historical) A person who would extract teeth for a small charge at fairs, etc.

toothwort toothworts n
lathrée
Any of several species of flowering plants of the genus Lathraea.

top /tɑp/ /tɒp/ [tʰɑˀp] [tʰɒˀp] adj
supérieur
Situated on the top of something.

top /tɑp/ /tɒp/ [tʰɑˀp] [tʰɒˀp] tops n
couvercle
A lid, cap, or cover of a container.
hune
A framework at the top of a ship's mast to which rigging is attached.
première demi-manche
(baseball) The first half of an inning, during which the home team fields and the visiting team bats.
(irrespective of present orientation) The part of something that is usually highest or uppermost.
sommet dessus
The highest or uppermost part of something.
actif domi
(BDSM) A dominant partner in a BDSM relationship or roleplay.
actif enculeur
(LGBT, _, slang) A man, trans woman, or other person with a penis, who penetrates or has a preference for penetrating during intercourse with other people with penises.

top hat top hats n
haut-de-forme
A man's formal hat, with a tall cylindrical crown (often of silk).

top it off v
en plus
(idiomatic) To emphasize or underscore; to make something even better or worse.

top notch more top notch most top notch adj
de premier ordre excellent
(idiomatic) Very good; of the highest level or quality. [from 1848]

top note top notes n
note de tête tête
The most volatile parts of a perfume which are immediately perceived upon its application.

top quark top quarks n
quark top
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +\frac{2}{3} and a mass of about 178,000 MeV.Symbol: t

top secret adj
top-secret ultra-secret
(military, government) Information classified at one of the highest levels of sensitivity by a government, based on an assessment that it would cause exceptionally grave damage to national security if disclosed.

top surgery top surgeries n
chirurgie du haut chirurgie du torse
(LGBT, surgery) Sex reassignment surgery performed on the chest.
(bilateral) Mastectomy.
Breast augmentation.

top up v
recharger
To add to a number or amount, to bring something up to a certain level.

top-level adj
au plus haut niveau
Highest.

top-level domain top-level domains n
domaine de premier niveau

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ adj
topaze
Of a yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

topaz /ˈtoʊˌpæz/ /ˈtəʊˌpæz/ topazes n
topaze
An often clear, yellowish-brown gemstone cut from this.
A yellowish-brown color, like that of the gemstone.

tope /toʊp/ /təʊp/ v
chopiner
(archaic) To drink excessively; to get drunk.

topgallant sail topgallant sails n
perroquet
(nautical) square-rigged sail immediately above topsail -- sometimes divided in two

topiary /ˈtoʊpiˌɛəɹi/ /ˈtəʊpjəɹi/ adj
topiaire
Of, or relating to art of topiaries.

topiary /ˈtoʊpiˌɛəɹi/ /ˈtəʊpjəɹi/ topiaries n
topiaire
(countable) One such shrub or tree.

topic /ˈtɑpɪk/ /ˈtɒpɪk/ topics n
thème sujet
Subject; theme; a category or general area of interest.

topical /ˈtɑ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɒp.ɪ.kəl/ more topical most topical adj
d'actualité
Relating to a topic or subject of current interest.
local
Local to a particular place.
topique
(medicine, not comparable) Applied to a localized part of the body.

topicalization topicalizations n
thématisation topicalisation
(linguistics) The placing of the topic of a sentence at the beginning.

topless adj
topless seins nus
(chiefly, of a woman) Not wearing a garment covering the top half of the body; naked from the waist up.
topless
(of a place) Featuring women that are naked from the waist up, often strippers or dancers.

topochemistry n
topochimie
(chemistry) The chemistry of reactions that are dependent on, or change, the topology of the reactants

topographer topographers n
topographe
a person who studies or records topography

topographic adj
topographique
Of or relating to topography.

topography /təˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /təˈpɒɡɹəfi/ topographies n
topographie
The features themselves; terrain.

topolect topolects n
topolecte
(linguistics, sociolinguistics) The speech form, variety (lect) of a particular place or region.

topological adj
topologique
(mathematics) Of or relating to topology.

topological group topological groups n
groupe topologique
(topology) A group which is also a topological space and whose group operations are continuous functions.

topological space topological spaces n
espace topologique
(topology, formally) An ordered pair (X, τ), where X is a set and τ, called the topology, is a collection of subsets of X which satisfies certain axioms and whose elements are called the open sets (or alternatively, for a different set of axioms, the closed sets);(loosely) the set X.

topology /təˈpɑləd͡ʒi/ /təˈpɒləd͡ʒi/ topologies n
topologie
(mathematics, uncountable) The branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing).
(computing) The arrangement of nodes in a communications network.

toponium toponia toponiums n
toponium
(particle) Any hypothetical meson formed from a top quark and its antiquark; would be very unstable because of the large mass of the top quark

toponym /ˈtɒpənɪm/ toponyms n
toponyme
(less common) A word derived from the name of a place.

toponymic adj
toponymique

toponymy toponymies n
toponymie
(semantics) Lexicological study of place names; a branch of onomastics.

topos /ˈtɒpɒs/ topoi toposes n
topos
A literary theme or motif; a rhetorical convention or formula.

topping /ˈtɑpɪŋ/ /ˈtɒpɪŋ/ toppings n
couverture
Any food item added on top of another, such as sprinkles on ice cream or pepperoni on pizza.

topping lift topping lifts n
balancine
(nautical) A line used to raise or top the end of a gaff, or of a boom.

topple /ˈtɑpl̩/ /ˈtɒpl̩/ v
déboulonner renverser
(transitive) To push or throw over.
chuter tomber
(intransitive) To totter and fall, or to lean as if about to do so.

topple over v
effondrer écrouler
(idiomatic) To fall over (to fall from an upright or standing position to a horizontal or prone position).

topsail /ˈtɑp.seɪl/ /ˈtɑp.səl/ /ˈtɒp.seɪl/ /ˈtɒp.səl/ topsails n
hunier
(nautical) A sail or either of the two sails rigged just above the course sail and supported by the topmast on a square-rigged sailing ship.

topsy-turvy /ˈˌtɑpsiˈtɚvi/ /ˌtɒpsɪˈtəːvi/ topsy-turvier topsy-turviest adj
sens dessus dessous à l'envers
Backwards or upside down.
sens dessus dessous
(figurative) Chaotic; disorderly.

toque /toʊk/ /təʊk/ toques n
toque
A type of hat with no brim.
(specifically) A tall white hat with no brim of the sort worn by chefs
A variety of bonnet monkey; toque macaque, Macaca sinica.

torch /tɔɹt͡ʃ/ /tɔːtʃ/ torches n
torche flambeau
A stick with a flame on one end, used chiefly as a light source; a similarly shaped implement with a replaceable supply of flammable material.

torch /tɔɹt͡ʃ/ /tɔːtʃ/ v
incendier
To set fire to, especially by use of a torch (flaming stick).

torchecul /tɔː(ɹ)ʃˈkuːl/ torcheculs n
torche-cul
(obsolete) Something used to wipe the backside after defecation.

toreador toreadores toreadors n
toréador toréro torero
(bullfighting) A bullfighter, especially one on horseback.

toric /tɔːɹɪk/ more toric most toric adj
torique

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ torments n
tourment
Any extreme pain, anguish or misery, either physical or mental.

torment /tɔː(ɹ)ˈmɛnt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mənt/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)mɛnt/ v
tourmenter
(transitive) To cause severe suffering to (stronger than to vex but weaker than to torture.)

tormentor tormentors n
bourreau
One who torments; a person, animal, or object that causes suffering.

torn /to(ː)ɹn/ /toən/ /tɔɹn/ /tɔːn/ more torn most torn adj
tiraillé
Unable to decide between multiple options.

tornadic more tornadic most tornadic adj
tornadique
Having the ability to produce a tornado.

tornado /tɔɹˈneɪ.doʊ/ /tɔɹˈneɪˌdoʊ/ /tɔː(ɹ)ˈneɪ.dəʊ/ tornadoes tornados n
tornade
(meteorology) A violent wind in the form of a mobile, rapidly rotating, funnel cloud that has contacted the ground.

toroidal more toroidal most toroidal adj
toroïdal
Having the shape of a torus or toroid

torpedo /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/ /ˌtɔː(ɹ)ˈpiː.dəʊ/ torpedoes torpedos n
torpille
(fish) An electric ray of the genus Torpedo.
(military) A cylindrical explosive projectile that can travel underwater and is used as a weapon. [from 1805]

torpedo /ˌtoɹˈpi.doʊ/ /ˌtɔː(ɹ)ˈpiː.dəʊ/ v
torpiller
To strike (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.
To sink (a ship) with one or more torpedoes.
(figurative) To undermine or destroy any endeavor with a powerful attack.

torpedo boat torpedo boats n
torpilleur
A small, high-speed warship designed to fire torpedoes, especially in coastal waters.

torpedo bomber torpedo bombers n
bombardier-torpilleur
(aircraft) A bomber plane designed primarily for assaulting naval targets with torpedoes.

torpedo-boat destroyer torpedo-boat destroyers n
contre-torpilleur

torpid more torpid most torpid adj
immobile
unmoving
torpide
lazy, lethargic or apathetic

torpor /ˈtɔɹpɚ/ /ˈtɔːpə(ɹ)/ torpors n
torpeur
A state of being inactive or stuporous.

torque /tɔɹk/ /tɔːk/ torques n
couple
(physics, mechanics) A rotational or twisting effect of a force; a moment of force, defined for measurement purposes as an equivalent straight line force multiplied by the distance from the axis of rotation (SI unit newton metre or Nm; imperial unit pound-foot or lb·ft, not to be confused with the foot pound-force, commonly "foot-pound", a unit of work or energy)
torque
A tightly braided necklace or collar, often made of metal, worn by various early European peoples.

torque converter torque converters n
convertisseur de couple
(mechanical engineering) A device that converts the rotational output of a prime mover into work by driving a rotational load. A torque converter functions as a clutch and reduction gear to allow loose coupling between the driver and the driven, letting the drive (such as a motor or engine) rotate at different speeds from the load (such as a wheel).

torque wrench torque wrenches n
clé dynamométrique clef dynamométrique
A workshop tool used to precisely apply a specific torque to a fastener such as a nut or bolt; basically a wrench equipped with a torque indicator.

torrefy /ˈtɒ.ɹɪ.faɪ/ /ˈtɔ.ɹɪ.faɪ/ v
torréfier
(transitive) To subject to intense heat; to parch, to roast.

torrent /ˈtɑɹ.ənt/ /ˈtɒɹ.ənt/ /ˈtɔɹ.ənt/ torrents n
torrent
A violent flow, as of water, lava, etc.; a stream suddenly raised and running rapidly, as down a precipice.

torrential /tɒɹˈɛn.tʃəl/ /tɔˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/ /təˈɹɛn.tʃəl/ /təˈɹɛn.t͡ʃəl/ more torrential most torrential adj
torrentiel diluvien
Coming or characterized by torrents; flowing heavily or in large quantities.

torrid /ˈtɑɹɪd/ /ˈtɒɹɪd/ /ˈtɔɹɪd/ torrider torridest adj
torride
Very hot and dry.
Full of intense emotions arising from sexual love; ardent and passionate.

torso /ˈtɔɹ.soʊ/ /ˈtɔː.səʊ/ torsi torsos n
tronc torse buste
The main part of the (human) body that extends from the neck to the groin, excluding the head and limbs.

tort /tɔɹt/ /tɔːt/ torts n
délit civil
(law) A wrongful act, whether intentional or negligent, regarded as non-criminal and unrelated to a contract, which causes an injury and can be remedied in civil court, usually through the awarding of damages. [from late 16th c.]

torticollis /tɔɹ.təˈkɑ.ləs/ n
torticolis
A medical condition in which the neck muscles contract, causing the neck to twist or jerk.

tortoise /ˈtɔɹ.təs/ /ˈtɔː.təs/ /ˈtɔːˌtɔɪs/ tortoises n
tortue
Any of various land-dwelling reptiles, of the family Testudinidae (chiefly, North America) or the order Testudines (chiefly, UK, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, South Africa, India) , whose body is enclosed in a shell (carapace plus plastron). The animal can withdraw its head and four legs partially into the shell, providing some protection from predators.

tortoiseshell /ˈtɔː(ɹ)tə.ˌʃɛl/ /ˈtɔː(ɹ)təs.ˌʃɛl/ tortoiseshells n
écaille de tortue
A domestic cat (or a rabbit, guinea-pig, etc.) whose fur has black, brown and yellow markings.

tortuous /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃuəs/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃuːəs/ more tortuous most tortuous adj
tortueux sinueux
(often, figurative) Twisted; having many turns; convoluted.

torture /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ tortures n
torture
The intentional causing of somebody's experiencing of agony, usually as an interrogation technique or punishment.
(chiefly, literary) The "suffering of the heart" imposed by one on another, as in personal relationships.

torture /ˈtɔɹt͡ʃɚ/ /ˈtɔːt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ v
torturer
(transitive) To intentionally inflict severe pain or suffering on (someone), usually with the aim of forcing confessions or punishing them.

torturer torturers n
bourreau tortionnaire
Someone who tortures.

torus /ˈtoː.ɹəs/ /ˈtɔɹ.əs/ /ˈtɔː.ɹəs/ tori toruses n
tore
(geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).
(topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.
(architecture) A large convex molding, typically semicircular in cross section, which commonly projects at the base of a column and above the plinth.

tosh /tɒʃ/ toshes n
conneries
(chiefly, British, slang, uncountable) Rubbish, trash, (now especially) nonsense, bosh, balderdash

toss /tɑs/ /tɒs/ /tɔs/ tosses n
au pile ou face jet pile ou face tirage au sort
A throw, a lob, of a ball etc., with an initial upward direction, particularly with a lack of care.
au pile ou face pile ou face tirage au sort
(cricket, football) The coin toss before a cricket match in order to decide who bats first, or before a football match in order to decide the direction of play.

toss /tɑs/ /tɒs/ /tɔs/ v
lancer
To throw with an initial upward direction.
tirer à pile ou face
To flip a coin, to decide a point of contention.
remuer fatiguer mélanger
To stir or mix (a salad).

toss juggling n
jonglerie de lancer
(juggling) A form of juggling that involves throwing props in the air and catching them, in contrast to contact juggling.

tot /tɑt/ /tɒt/ tots n
tout-petit
A small child.

tot up /ˌtɒt ˈʌp/ v
additionner
(transitive) To calculate the sum of a number of numbers or quantities.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] more total most total adj
total entier tout
Entire; relating to the whole of something.
total
(used as an intensifier) Complete; absolute.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] totals n
total somme
An amount obtained by the addition of smaller amounts.
somme
(informal, mathematics) Sum.

total /ˈtoʊ.təl/ /ˈtəʊ.təl/ [tʰoʊ̯ɾɫ] [tʰɔɾɫ] v
totaliser
(intransitive) To amount to; to add up to.

total depravity n
corruption totale dépravation totale
(Christianity) The Calvinist doctrine that all human action is tainted by original sin.

total eclipse total eclipses n
éclipse totale
(astronomy) An eclipse in which the eclipsed body is completely obscured to the viewer.

total football /ˈtoʊtəl ˈfʊtbɔl/ /ˈtəʊtəl ˈfʊtbɔːl/ n
football total
(soccer) A tactic in which the outfield players assume different roles during a game, while keeping an organised structure.

total war total wars n
guerre totale
Warfare where all of a country's available resources, military as well as civilian, are employed.

totalitarian /ˌtoʊtəlɪˈtɛɹiən/ /ˌtəʊtalɪˈtɛəɹiən/ more totalitarian most totalitarian adj
totalitaire
Of or relating to a system of government where the people have virtually no authority and the state wields absolute control of every aspect of the country, socially, financially, and politically.

totalitarianism totalitarianisms n
totalitarisme
A system of government in which the people have virtually no authority and the state wields absolute control, for example, a dictatorship.

totality /toʊˈtælɪti/ totalities n
totalité
The state of being total.

totally /ˈtoʊt.əl.i/ adv
totalement
(degree, colloquial) Very; extremely.
(modal, colloquial) Definitely; for sure.

totem /ˈtoʊtəm/ /ˈtəʊtəm/ totems n
totem
Any natural object or living creature that serves as an emblem of a tribe, clan or family; the representation of such an object or creature.

totem pole totem poles n
mât totémique
(sculpture) Native American sculpture made by carving trees.

totemic /təʊˈtɛmɪk/ adj
totémique
Serving as, or relating to, a totem.

totemism /ˈtoʊtəmɪzəm/ totemisms n
totémisme
(religion) The belief that a person or group has a special mystical relationship to a totem

totipotency n
totipotence
(biology) The ability of a cell to produce differentiated cells upon division

totipotent more totipotent most totipotent adj
totipotent
(biology) Exhibiting totipotency

totter /ˈtɑtɚ/ /ˈtɒtə/ totters n
chute écroulement
An unsteady movement or gait.

totter /ˈtɑtɚ/ /ˈtɒtə/ v
tituber
To walk, move or stand unsteadily or falteringly; threatening to fall.

toucan /ˈtuːkən/ /ˈtuːˌkæn/ toucans n
toucan
Any of various neotropical frugivorous birds from the family Ramphastidae, with a large colorful beak.

touch /tɑt͡ʃ/ /tɛt͡ʃ/ /tʌt͡ʃ/ touches n
toucher contact
The faculty or sense of perception by physical contact.
toucher
(music) The particular or characteristic mode of action, or the resistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers.
contact
A relationship of close communication or understanding.

touch /tɑt͡ʃ/ /tɛt͡ʃ/ /tʌt͡ʃ/ v
toucher
(transitive) To make physical contact with; to bring the hand, finger or other part of the body into contact with. [from 14th c.]
toucher émouvoir
(obsolete) To infect; to affect slightly.

touch off v
déclencher
(idiomatic) To start; to cause, especially used for unstable situations that may magnify if disturbed.

touch on v
effleurer évoquer
(transitive, idiomatic) To mention briefly; to cursorily discuss.
passer
(transitive, idiomatic) To come or go to for a short time.

touch screen /ˈtʌtʃ ˌskɹiːn/ touch screens n
écran tactile
(computer hardware) An input/output device that allows the user to interact with the computer by touching the display screen.

touch typing n
dactylographie
Typing without the use of sight to identify the keyboard keys.

touch up v
retoucher
(idiomatic, transitive) To make slight corrections or adjustments to; to fill in or perfect.
attoucher peloter
(idiomatic, transitive) To fondle or to grope someone, usually in an inappropriate way.

touch-paper touch-papers n
papier nitraté
a strip of paper impregnated with nitre, used as a fuse for firing gunpowder, fireworks etc.

touch-up touch-ups n
retouche
A slight correction or adjustment.

touchable more touchable most touchable adj
touchable
Capable of being touched; tangible or palpable.

touchdown /ˈtʌt͡ʃ.daʊn/ touchdowns n
touchdown touché
(American football, Canadian football) A six-point score occurring when the ball enters possession of a team's player in the opponent's end zone.

touched /tʌt͡ʃt/ more touched most touched adj
ému
Emotionally moved (by), made to feel emotion (by).

touching /ˈtʌt͡ʃɪŋ/ more touching most touching adj
touchant
Provoking sadness and pity; that can cause sadness or heartbreak among witnesses to a sad event or situation.

touchpad touchpads n
pavé tactile touchpad
(computing) A flat surface which is sensitive to touch, used mostly in laptop computers to control an on-screen cursor.

touchstone /ˈtʌt͡ʃstəʊn/ touchstones n
touchau
A stone used to verify the quality of gold alloys by rubbing them in order to leave a visible trace.
pierre de touche
(figurative, by extension) A standard of comparison or evaluation.

touchy /ˈtʌt͡ʃi/ touchier touchiest adj
irascible
(of a situation) Extremely sensitive or volatile; easily disturbed to the point of becoming unstable; requiring caution or tactfulness.
susceptible
(of a person) Easily offended, oversensitive.

touché /tuːˈʃeɪ/ /ˈtuː.ʃeɪ/ interjection
touché
(fencing) An acknowledgement of a hit.
An acknowledgement of the validity, appropriateness, or superiority of an opponent's argument or statement in a discussion.

tough /tʌf/ tougher toughest adj
dur
(of questions, etc.) Difficult or demanding.

tough as nails adj
dur à cuire
(idiomatic, simile) Having a hard, strong, and determined mindset.

tough guy tough guys n
dur dur à cuire

toughness toughnesses n
dureté endurance solidité
(uncountable) The state of being tough.

touloulou /tu.lu.lu/ touloulous n
touloulou
A costumed character of the French Guianan carnival: a masked woman who invites men to dance.

toupee /tuːˈpeɪ/ toupees n
toupet
(obsolete) A small wig, or a toppiece of a wig, worn by both sexes.

tour /tuːɹ/ /tɔː(ɹ)/ /tɝ/ /tʊə(ɹ)/ tours n
tournée excursion voyage
A journey through a particular building, estate, country, etc.
visite guidée tour
A guided visit to a particular place, or virtual place.
tournée
A journey through a given list of places, such as by an entertainer performing concerts.
tour
(sports, cycling) A street and road race, frequently multiday.

tour /tuːɹ/ /tɔː(ɹ)/ /tɝ/ /tʊə(ɹ)/ v
tourner
(intransitive) To make a journey
(transitive) To make a circuit of a place

tour de force /ˌtuɹ.dəˈfoɹs/ /ˌtuɹ.dəˈfɔɹs/ tours de force n
exploit tour de force
A feat demonstrating brilliance or mastery in a field.

tour guide tour guides n
guide guide culturel guide touristique guide-conférencier
A person who provides assistance and information to people on organised tours.

tour operator tour operators n
voyagiste
A company that sells package holidays.

touring bicycle touring bicycles n
vélo de randonnée vélo de trekking vélo de voyage
(bicycle) A bicycle designed or modified for touring with luggage.

tourism /ˈtɔː(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ /ˈtʊə̯(ɹ).ɪz.əm/ tourisms n
tourisme
The act of travelling or sightseeing, particularly away from one's home.
(figurative) The act of visiting another region or jurisdiction for a particular purpose.

tourist /ˈtɔɹ.ɪst/ /ˈtɔːɹɪst/ /ˈtɝ.ɪst/ /ˈtʊəɹɪst/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪst/ tourists n
touriste
Someone who travels for pleasure rather than for business. [from 1770s]

tourist office tourist offices n
office de tourisme syndicat d'initiative
An office which provides information, brochures, maps, etc. for tourists to an area or locality.

tourist trap tourist traps n
attrape-touriste piège à touristes
(derogatory) An establishment, such as a shop or display, where tourists are encouraged to spend money on goods or services not necessarily of good value.

touristic /tɔː-/ /tɝ-/ /tʊəˈɹɪstɪk/ /tʊɹˈɪstɪk/ more touristic most touristic adj
touristique
Catering to tourists; touristy.

touristically more touristically most touristically adv
touristiquement

touristification n
touristification
The process of touristifying.

touristify v
touristifier
To make suitable for tourists, especially by adding superficial frills at the expense of authenticity.

touristy /ˈtɔːɹɪsti/ /ˈtʊəɹɪsti/ more touristy most touristy adj
touristique
Catering to tourists; touristic.

tourmaline /ˈtʊɚ.mə.lɪn/ /ˈtʊɚ.məˌlin/ tourmalines n
tourmaline
(mineral) A complex black or dark-coloured borosilicate mineral, compounded with various chemical elements and considered a semi-precious stone.
A transparent gemstone cut from it.

tournament /ˈtɔɹnəmənt/ /ˈtɔːnəmənt/ /ˈtɝnəmənt/ /ˈtʊənəmənt/ /ˈtʊɹnəmənt/ tournaments n
tournoi
(historical) During the Middle Ages, a series of battles and other contests designed to prepare knights for war.
A series of games; either the same game played many times, or a succession of games related by a single theme; played competitively to determine a single winning team or individual.

tourniquet /ˈtɔː.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtɝ.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtɝ.nɪ.kɪt/ /ˈtʊə.nɪ.keɪ/ /ˈtʊɚ.nɪ.kɪt/ tourniquets n
garrot tourniquet
(medicine) A tightly-compressed bandage used to stop bleeding by stopping the flow of blood through a large artery in a limb.

tousled more tousled most tousled adj
en bataille
Of hair: in disarray, dishevelled, or unkempt.

tout /taʊt/ /tʌʊt/ touts n
pronostiqueur rabatteur racoleur vendeur ambulant
Someone advertising for customers in an aggressive way.

tout /taʊt/ /tʌʊt/ v
racoler
(transitive) To flaunt, to publicize/publicise; to boast or brag; to promote.

tovarish /tɒˈvɑːɹɪʃ/ tovarishes n
tovarich
Comrade, especially with reference to the former USSR.

tow /taʊ/ /toʊ/ /təʊ/ tows n
étoupe filasse
An untwisted bundle of fibres such as cellulose acetate, flax, hemp or jute.

tow /toʊ/ /təʊ/ tows n
remorquage
The act of towing and the condition of being towed.

tow /toʊ/ /təʊ/ v
remorquer tracter
(transitive) To pull something behind one using a line or chain; to haul.

tow bar tow bars n
crochet d'attelage attache-remorque boule d'attelage
A bar, or ball, usually at the rear of a vehicle, where a trailer, or caravan or other similar item can be attached and towed.

tow truck /ˈtoʊ.tɹʌk/ tow trucks n
dépanneuse camion de remorquage remorqueuse
A motor vehicle typically equipped with winches, chains, and related equipment, and used to tow disabled vehicles.

toward /to(ː)ɹd/ /toəd/ /tɔɹd/ /tɘˈwoːd/ /təˈwɔɹd/ /təˈwɔːd/ /ˈtwo(ː)ɹd/ /ˈtwoəd/ /ˈtwɔɹd/ preposition
vers
In the direction of.
envers
In relation to (someone or something).
pour
For the purpose of attaining (an aim).
près de
Located close to; near (a time or place).

towboat towboats n
pousseur
(nautical) A squat powerful boat designed to push barges.

towel /ˈtaʊ(ə)l/ [tʰæɒ̯ɫ] [tʰæɫ] [tʰɛjɔ̯ɫ] towels n
serviette serviette de bain
A cloth used for wiping, especially one used for drying anything wet, such as a person after a bath.

towelette /taʊ.ə.ˈlɛt/ /taʊ.ˈlɛt/ towelettes n
lingette
A small towel, hand or face wipe, either dry or more commonly impregnated with water or a cleansing fluid.

tower /ˈtaʊ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈtaʊɚ/ towers n
tour
Any very tall building or structure; skyscraper.
(figuratively) An item of various kinds, such as a computer case, that is higher than it is wide.
(cartomancy) The nineteenth Lenormand card, representing structure, bureaucracy, stability and loneliness.
la maison dieu tour
The sixteenth trump or Major Arcana card in many Tarot decks, usually deemed an ill omen.

tower of Babel towers of Babel n
tour de Babel
(figuratively) A situation where the use of many different languages is a source of confusion.

tower of silence /ˌtaʊɚ‿əv ˈsaɪl(ə)ns/ /ˌtaʊɚ‿əv ˈsaɪləns/ towers of silence n
tour du silence
(Zoroastrianism) A low, cylindrical, open-topped tower where Zoroastrians place the bodies of deceased people to disintegrate from exposure and consumption by carrion birds such as vultures, the remaining bones being kept in an ossuary.

tower over v
surplomber
(transitive) To be much taller or higher than something; to loom over.

towheaded more towheaded most towheaded adj
blond filasse
Having pale blond hair, resembling tow.

towkay /ˈtaʊkeɪ/ towkays n
chef

towline towlines n
touline
A line or rope used for towing a vehicle.

town /taʊn/ [tʰaʊ̯n] towns n
ville commune bourg villette villotte
(UK, historical) A rural settlement in which a market was held at least once a week.

town centre town centres n
centre-ville
(British spelling) The main commercial or business area of a town, containing the principal shops, banks, restaurants and public traffic hub.

town council town councils n
conseil municipal
The governing body of people elected to oversee management of a town and represent the interests of residents.

town councillor town councillors n
conseiller municipal

town crier town criers n
crieur public
(British, historical) A person who is employed by a town council to make public announcements in the streets

town gas n
gaz de ville
Any of several flammable gases sold and distributed by a municipal gasworks for lighting and heating in a town, including coal gas or water gas.

town hall town halls n
hôtel de ville mairie hôtel communal maison communale
A building that houses the local government offices of a town.

town square town squares n
place
An open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town, used for community gatherings.

town twinning town twinnings n
jumelage
The pairing of towns or cities from geographically distinct areas, in order to foster human contact and cultural links.

townhouse townhouses n
maison de ville
A house in an urban setting.

townsman townsmen n
citadin
A man who is a resident of a town, especially of one's own town.

townspeople n
citadin
the population or inhabitants of a village, town or city

townsperson townspeople townspersons n
citadin citadine
An inhabitant of a town.

townswoman townswomen n
citadine
A woman who is a resident of a town, especially of one's own town.

towpath towpaths n
chemin de halage halage
A path alongside a canal or river, originally for horses towing barges, now more often used as a footpath.

toxic /ˈtɑk.sɪk/ /ˈtɒk.sɪk/ more toxic most toxic adj
toxique
(toxicology, pharmaceutical drug) Having a chemical nature that is harmful to health or lethal if consumed or otherwise entering into the body in sufficient quantities.

toxic masculinity n
masculinité toxique
(social sciences, media criticism) Those aspects of traditional masculinity perceived to reinforce aggression, emotionlessness and other negative qualities.

toxicity /tɒkˈsɪsəti/ toxicities n
toxicité
The quality or degree of being toxic.

toxicological adj
toxicologique
of or pertaining to toxicology

toxicologist toxicologists n
toxicologue
A scientist or physician who specializes in toxicology.

toxicology /ˌtɒksɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ toxicologies n
toxicologie
(sciences, pharmacology) The branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effect, detection and treatment of poisons and poisoning.

toxicomania /ˌtɑksɪkoʊˈmeɪniə/ /ˌtɒksɪkəʊˈmeɪnɪə/ toxicomanias n
toxicomanie
an insane desire for poisonous or intoxicating substances

toxicosis /ˌtɒksɪˈkəʊsɪs/ toxicoses n
toxicose
(toxicology) illness due to poisoning

toxin /ˈtɑksɪn/ /ˈtɒksɪn/ toxins n
toxine
(strictly) A toxic substance, specifically a poison produced by the biological processes of organisms.
(loosely, usually, _, proscribed) Synonym of toxicant: a toxic substance in a body requiring removal.

toxoplasmosis /ˌtɒksəʊplæzˈməʊsɪs/ toxoplasmoses n
toxoplasmose
A disease, caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, that primarily affects felids, but also other mammals including humans.

toy /tɔɪ/ toys n
jouet
Something to play with, especially as intended for use by a child. [from 16th c.]

toy /tɔɪ/ v
jouer amuser
(intransitive) To play (with) in an idle or desultory way.
caresser triturer
(intransitive) To ponder or consider.

toy poodle toy poodles n
caniche toy
A small poodle, measuring less than 10 inches (28 cm).

toyshop toyshops n
magasin de jouets
A shop that sells toys.

trace /tɹeɪs/ [tʃɹeɪs] traces n
trace
A mark left as a sign of passage of a person or animal.
traces
A very small amount.
trait
One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whippletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.

trace /tɹeɪs/ [tʃɹeɪs] v
tracer
(transitive) To draw or sketch lightly or with care.
calquer
(transitive) To copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines.

trace element trace elements n
oligo-élément
(biochemistry, nutrition) A chemical element in an organism’s diet that is required in very small amounts in order to maintain proper biochemical function.

traceability /ˌtɹeɪsəˈbɪlɪti/ traceabilities n
traçabilité
The ability to trace (identify and measure) all the stages that led to a particular point in a process that consists of a chain of interrelated events

traceless /ˈtɹeɪsləs/ /ˈt͡ʃɹeɪsləs/ more traceless most traceless adj
sans traces
That has no traces

tracer /ˈtɹeɪsə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪsɚ/ [ˈtʃɹeɪsə(ɹ)] [ˈtʃɹeɪsɚ] tracers n
marqueur
(chemistry) A compound, element, or isotope used to track the progress or history of a natural process.

tracery /ˈtɹeɪsəɹi/ traceries n
tracerie
(architectural element) Bars or ribs, usually of stone or wood, or other material, that subdivide an opening or stand in relief against a door or wall as an ornamental feature.

trachea /tɹəˈkiː.ə/ /ˈtɹeɪ.ki.ə/ tracheae tracheas tracheæ n
trachée
(anatomy) A thin-walled, cartilaginous tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi.

tracheitis tracheitides n
trachéite
Inflammation of the trachea.

trachelian adj
trachélien

tracheotomy tracheotomies n
trachéotomie
(surgery) A surgical procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea, through the neck, and a tube inserted so as to make an artificial opening in order to assist breathing.

trachoma trachomas trachomata n
trachome
(medicine) An infectious disease of the eyelid caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis.

trachyte /ˈtɹakʌɪt/ /ˈtɹeɪkʌɪt/ trachytes n
trachyte
(geology) A pale igneous rock consisting mostly of potassium feldspar and plagioclase.

trachytic adj
trachytique

tracing paper tracing papers n
papier calque
A translucent paper on which may be traced the design of whatever it is placed on.

track /tɹæk/ tracks n
trace marque sillon
A mark left by something that has passed along.
empreinte
A mark or impression left by the foot, either of man or animal.
The entire lower surface of the foot; said of birds, etc.
chemin route voie sentier
A road or other similar beaten path.
piste chemin voie
Physical course; way.
piste
A path or course laid out for a race, for exercise, etc.
A circular (never-ending) data storage unit on a side of magnetic or optical disk, divided into sectors.
voie
(railways) The way or rails along which a train moves.
(automotive) The distance between two opposite wheels on a same axletree.
sillon
The physical track on a record.

track and field n
athlétisme
(chiefly, US) A group of athletic sports, consisting mainly of various kinds of running, jumping and throwing, that take place on a track and the enclosed field.

track cycling n
cyclisme sur piste
(cycle racing) A form of cycling on a specially-designed track, especially, a velodrome.

track cyclist track cyclists n
pistard pistarde
(cycle racing) Someone who cycles on a track.

track down v
localiser débusquer dénicher dépister traquer
(idiomatic) To hunt for or locate; to search for; to find.

track gauge track gauges n
écartement
(rail) The specified distance between the rails of a railway.

track record track records n
antécédents bilan palmarès réputation résultats
(idiomatic) The past performance of a person, organization, or product, viewed in its entirety and usually for the purpose of making a judgment.

track stand track stands n
surplace
A technique used by bicycle riders to remain virtually stationary by adjusting their weight

trackball trackballs n
trackball
(computing) A pointing device consisting of a ball housed in a socket

tracker /ˈtɹækə(ɹ)/ trackers n
pisteur poursuivant traqueur
(finance) A tracker mortgage.

tracking shot tracking shots n
plan-séquence
(cinematography, film) A continuously recorded segment containing no edits, in which the camera is moved (often mounted on a dolly rolling on tracks) so as to sweep through an extensive area or to follow the physical movement of characters or events.

tracksuit tracksuits n
survêtement survêt
A garment, usually consisting of a top and trousers (commonly known as tracksuit bottoms) worn as an outer layer by participants in sporting events such as athletics. The tracksuit is usually designed to be easily removed or replaced, before or after competing. Tracksuits have also been adopted in some cultures as leisurewear.

tract /tɹækt/ tracts n
appareil
(anatomy) A series of connected body organs, such as the digestive tract.

tractable /ˈtɹæk.tə.bəl/ more tractable most tractable adj
conciliant docile malléable
(of people) Capable of being easily led, taught, or managed.
malléable
Capable of being shaped; malleable.

tractor /ˈtɹæktə/ /ˈtɹæktɚ/ tractors n
tracteur
(agriculture) A vehicle used in farms e.g. for pulling farm equipment and preparing the fields.

tractor beam tractor beams n
rayon tracteur
(science fiction) A device-generated beam used to attract other objects from a distance.

tractor driver tractor drivers n
tractoriste
One who drives a tractor. (This entry is a translation hub.)

tractrix tractrices n
tractrice
(geometry) A curve that satisfies the following property: that segment of the tangent line that lies between the point of tangency and a fixed line has length independent of the point of tangency chosen.

trade /tɹeɪd/ trades n
commerce
(uncountable) Buying and selling of goods and services on a market.
commerce magasin négoce
(countable) A particular instance of buying or selling.
négoce
(countable) An instance of bartering items in exchange for one another.
corps de métier
(countable) Those who perform a particular kind of skilled work.
ouvriers techniciens
(countable) Those engaged in an industry or group of related industries.
métier
(countable) The skilled practice of a practical occupation.
affaires négoce
(uncountable, UK) The business given to a commercial establishment by its customers.
presse spécialisée
(only as plural) A publication intended for participants in an industry or related group of industries.

trade /tɹeɪd/ v
commercer
(ambitransitive) To engage in trade.
échanger
(transitive, with for) To give (something) in exchange (for).

trade deficit trade deficits n
déficit commercial
(economics) A negative balance of trade.

trade fair trade fairs n
foire foire-exposition salon
An exhibition at which members of a specific industry exhibit or demonstrate their products to prospective customers and to each other.

trade name trade names n
marque nom commercial
A name used to identify a commercial product or service; may or may not be registered as a trademark.
The name under which a business or firm operates.

trade paper trade papers n
revue spécialisée

trade route trade routes n
route commerciale
A route used by traders for commercial transport of goods.

trade secret trade secrets n
secret industriel
(business) A formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information used by a business to obtain an advantage over competitors within the same industry or profession, which kept secret from those competitors or the public.

trade surplus trade surpluses n
excédent commercial
(economics) A positive balance of trade.

trade union trade unions trades unions n
syndicat syndicat de métier syndicat professionnel
An organization whose members belong to the same trade and that acts collectively to address common issues.

trade unionism trade unionisms n
trade-unionisme

trade war trade wars n
guerre commerciale
The practice of nations creating mutual tariffs or similar barriers to trade.

trade wind /ˈtɹeɪd ˈwɪnd/ trade winds n
alizé vent alizé
A steady wind that blows from east to west above and below the equator.

trade-off trade-offs n
compromis
Any situation in which the quality or quantity of one thing must be decreased for another to be increased.

trademark /ˈtɹeɪdmɑː(ɹ)k/ trademarks n
marque commerciale
A word, symbol, or phrase used to identify a particular company's product and differentiate it from other companies' products.

trader /ˈtɹeɪdə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪdɚ/ /ˈtɹeɪɾɚ/ traders n
commerçant marchand trader
One who earns a living by trading goods or securities.

tradesman tradesmen n
artisan
A skilled manual worker (implied male).

trading card /ˈtɹeɪd.ɪŋ ˌkɑɹd/ trading cards n
carte à collectionner
A collectible card, sometimes sticker, usually made out of paperboard or thick paper, which usually contains an image of a certain person, place or thing (fictional or real) and a short description of the picture, along with other text (attacks, statistics, or trivia). There is a wide variation of different types of cards, like sports, cars, natural history, film characters or other information of interest to purchasers. Sometimes is included with tobacco, food or confectionery products.

trading partner trading partners n
partenaire commercial
A country that another country does business with, usually on a regular basis.

trading post trading posts n
comptoir
A place where trading of goods takes place.

tradition /tɹəˈdɪʃən/ traditions n
tradition
A part of culture that is passed from person to person or generation to generation, possibly differing in detail from family to family, such as the way to celebrate holidays.

traditional /tɹəˈdɪʃnəl/ /tɹəˈdɪʃənəl/ more traditional most traditional adj
traditionnel
Of, relating to, or derived from tradition.

traditionalist traditionalists n
traditionaliste
A person who adheres to tradition, especially in cultural or religious practices.

traditionalistic more traditionalistic most traditionalistic adj
traditionaliste
Of, supporting, or pertaining to traditionalism.

traditionally /tɹəˈdɪʃənli/ /tɹəˈdɪʃəˌnəli/ /tɹəˈdɪʃˌnəli/ [tɹəˈdɪˌʃn̩li] [tɹɪˈdɪˌʃn̩li] more traditionally most traditionally adv
traditionnellement
In a traditional manner.

traduce /tɹəˈdjus/ /tɹəˈdjuːs/ /tɹəˈdus/ /tɹəˈdʒuːs/ v
calomnier diffamer
(transitive) To malign a person or entity by making malicious and false or defamatory statements. [from 1580s]
traduire
(archaic, transitive) To pass into another form of expression; to rephrase, to translate. [1530s to mid-19th c.]

traffic /ˈtɹæfɪk/ traffics n
trafic circulation
Moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof.
Commercial transportation or exchange of goods, or the movement of passengers or people.
Exchange or flux of information, messages or data, as in a computer or telephone network.
trafic traite
Illegal trade or exchange of goods, often drugs.

traffic cone traffic cones n
cône de signalisation cône de chantier plot
A cone-shaped marker, generally made out of plastic or rubber, that is placed on roads or footpaths to temporarily redirect traffic in a safe manner.

traffic island traffic islands n
îlot îlot directionnel
A raised area in a roadway or traffic circle, bordered by curbs, used to control traffic.

traffic jam traffic jams n
embouteillage bouchon
A situation in which road traffic accumulates until it is stationary or very slow.

traffic light traffic lights n
feu feu tricolore feu de circulation feu de signalisation
A signalling device positioned at a road intersection or pedestrian crossing to indicate when it may be safe to drive, ride or walk, using a universal colour code.

traffic sign traffic signs n
panneau de signalisation panneau
A sign for the control of traffic or the information of drivers.

traffic warden traffic wardens n
aubergine contractuelle pervenche
(British, Hong Kong) A civilian employed by the police to regulate traffic and issue parking tickets.

trafficker traffickers n
trafiquant
(chiefly, pejorative) Someone who traffics; a trader or merchant of illegal products, or of legal products in an illegal setting.

tragedian /tɹəˈd͡ʒidiən/ tragedians n
tragédien tragédienne
An actor who specializes in tragic roles.

tragedienne tragediennes n
tragédienne
a female tragedian; a woman who acts in tragic drama

tragedy /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɛdi/ /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪdi/ tragedies n
tragédie
A drama or similar work, in which the main character is brought to ruin or otherwise suffers the extreme consequences of some tragic flaw or weakness of character.
The genre of such works, and the art of producing them.
drame tragédie
A disastrous event, especially one involving great loss of life or injury.

tragedy of the commons tragedies of the commons n
tragédie des biens communs
(ecology, economics, politics, social, _, criticism) A situation in which unmanaged use of a shared resource (such as the atmosphere or an ocean) by a number of participants results in the unintended ruin or total consumption of that resource.

tragic /ˈtɹæd͡ʒɪk/ more tragic most tragic adj
tragique
Causing great sadness or suffering.
Relating to tragedy in a literary work.

tragically more tragically most tragically adv
tragiquement
In a tragic manner.

tragicomedy /ˌtɹædʒɪˈkɒmədi/ tragicomedies n
tragicomédie
(uncountable) The genre of drama that combines elements of tragedy and comedy.

tragicomic more tragicomic most tragicomic adj
tragicomique
Of, pertaining to, or resembling tragicomedy; having both tragic and comic aspects.

trail /tɹeɪl/ trails n
traces piste
The track or indication marking the route followed by something that has passed, such as the footprints of animal on land or the contrail of an airplane in the sky.
sentier piste
A route for travel over land, especially a narrow, unpaved pathway for use by hikers, horseback riders, etc.
chasse
The horizontal distance from where the wheel touches the ground to where the steering axis intersects the ground.

trail /tɹeɪl/ v
pister suivre
(transitive) To follow behind (someone or something); to tail (someone or something).
traîner
(transitive) To drag (something) behind on the ground.

trailblazer /ˈtɹeɪlˌbleɪ.zə/ /ˈtɹeɪlˌbleɪ.zɚ/ /ˈtɹæɪlˌblæɪ.zə/ trailblazers n
pionnier pionnière
One who blazes a trail to guide others; a pathfinder.
(figuratively) An innovative leader in a field; a pioneer.

trailer /ˈtɹeɪlə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪlɚ/ trailers n
roulotte caravane
remorque
An unpowered wheeled vehicle (not a caravan or camper) that is towed behind another, and used to carry equipment, etc, that cannot be carried in the leading vehicle.
bande-annonce trailer
A short blank segment of film at the end of a reel, for convenient insertion of the film in a projector.

trailer park trailer parks n
parc de maisons mobiles
(US, Canada) An area containing mobile homes for rent or places to station them if owned; normally providing utilities and services

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] trains n
traîne
The elongated back portion of a dress or skirt (or an ornamental piece of material added to similar effect), which drags along the ground. [from 14th c.]
(obsolete, hunting) Something dragged or laid along the ground to form a trail of scent or food along which to lure an animal.
caravane train
A group of animals, vehicles, or people that follow one another in a line, such as a wagon train; a caravan or procession. [from 15th c.]
enchainement
A sequence of events or ideas which are interconnected; a course or procedure of something. [from 15th c.]
train rame
A mechanical (traditionally steam-powered, now typically diesel or electrical) vehicle carrying a large number of passengers and freight along a designated track or path; a line of connected wagons considered overall as a mode of transport; (as uncountable noun) rail or road travel. [from 19th c.]

train /tɹeɪn/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔e̞ɪn] [t͡ʃɹeɪn] v
entraîner exercer s'entraîner
(intransitive) To practice an ability.
exercer s'exercer
(intransitive) To improve one's fitness.
pointer
(transitive) To move (a gun) laterally so that it points in a different direction.
former dompter
(transitive, video games) To create a trainer (cheat patch) for; to apply cheats to (a game).

train of thought trains of thought n
raisonnement flux de pensée
The flow of thinking.

trained /tɹeɪnd/ more trained most trained adj
qualifié
Having undergone a course of training (sometimes in combination).

trainee /tɹeɪˈni/ [tʃɹeɪˈni] trainees n
stagiaire
Someone who is still in the process of being formally trained in a workplace.

trainer /ˈtɹeɪnə/ /ˈtɹeɪnɚ/ trainers n
entraîneur entraîneuse
A person who trains another; a coach.
basket
(British) A running shoe or sneaker.

training /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ/ trainings n
entraînement entrainement
The activity of imparting and acquiring skills.

training bra training bras n
soutien-gorge infantile
A type of bra used by girls, usually teenage girls when their busts are still small.

training wheel /ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˌ(h)wil/ /ˈtɹeɪnɪŋ wiːl/ training wheels n
roulette petite roue stabilisateur
(chiefly, Canada, US, and, in the plural, cycling) One of a pair of small wheels, each attached to one side of a bicycle's rear wheel to provide support for new riders.

trainsickness n
mal de train
A feeling of nausea, dizziness etc caused by the motion of a train; a form of motion sickness.

traipse /tɹeɪps/ /t͡ʃɹeɪps/ v
crapahuter
(transitive, colloquial) to walk about or over (a place) aimlessly or insouciantly.

trait /tɹeɪ/ /tɹeɪt/ traits n
trait
(biology, psychology) An identifying characteristic, habit or trend.

traitor /ˈtɹeɪtə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹeɪtɚ/ [ˈtʰɹeɪɾɚ] traitors n
traître traîtresse
(by extension) One who betrays any confidence or trust.

trajectory /tɹəˈd͡ʒɛktəɹɪ/ trajectories n
trajectoire
(astronomy, space) The path of a body as it travels through space.
(figuratively) A course of development, such as that of a war or career.

tram /tɹæm/ [tɹeəm] [tɹɛəm] [tɹɛːm] trams n
tramway tram
(Australia, Britain, rail transport) A passenger vehicle for public use that runs on tracks in the road (called a streetcar or trolley in North America).
A similar vehicle for carrying materials.

tram driver tram drivers n
traminot wattman
A person who drives a tram to transport passengers on an urban tramway system.

tram stop tram stops n
arrêt de tramway station de tramway
a designated point on a tram route where passengers may board or leave the tram

tram-train tram-trains n
tram-train
(rail, UK) A design of tram which can operate over standard railway track as well as tram track.

tramadol /ˈtɹæm.əˌdɔl/ n
tramadol
(pharmaceutical drug) A synthetic opioid analgesic administered orally in the form of its hydrochloride C16H25NO2·HCl to treat moderate to severe pain.

trammel /ˈtræməl/ trammels n
crémaillère
A set of rings or other hanging devices, attached to a transverse bar suspended over a fire, used to hang cooking pots etc.

tramp /tɹæmp/ tramps n
clochard va-nu-pieds
(sometimes, pejorative) A homeless person; a vagabond. [from 1664]
garce traînée
(pejorative) A disreputable, promiscuous woman; a slut. [from 1922]

trample /ˈtɹæmpəl/ v
fouler piétiner
(transitive) To crush something by walking on it.

trampoline /tɹæmpəˈliːn/ /ˈtɹæmpəliːn/ trampolines n
trampoline trampolin
A gymnastic and recreational device consisting of a piece of taut, strong fabric or rubber stretched over a (usually steel) frame using many coiled springs as anchors.

trance /tɹæns/ /tɹɑːns/ trances n
trance transe
(uncountable, music genre) Short for trance music (“genre of electronic dance music”).

trance music n
trance
(music genre) A style of dance music with fast beats, short melodic synthesizer phrases, and a musical form that builds up and down throughout a track, often played in nightclubs.

tranche /tɹænt͡ʃ/ /tɹæːnt͡ʃ/ /tɹɑːnʃ/ /tɹɑ̃nt͡ʃ/ /tɹɑ̃nʃ/ /tɹɑ̃ʃ/ v
tranche tranche de crédit
(finance, transitive) To divide into tranches.

tranny /ˈtɹæ.ni/ trannies n
travelo
(slang, chiefly, derogatory, offensive) A transsexual, transgender, or transvestite person, usually a trans woman.

tranny chaser tranny chasers n
chaser tranny chaser

tranquil /ˈtɹæŋ.kwɪl/ tranquiler tranquilest adj
tranquille
Free from emotional or mental disturbance.
Calm; without motion or sound.

tranquilize /ˈtɹæŋkwɪlaɪz/ v
tranquilliser
(transitive) To calm (a person or animal) or put them to sleep using a tranquilizer dart.
(transitive, now, literary) To make (something or someone) tranquil.
(intransitive, obsolete, rare) To become tranquil.

tranquilizer tranquilizers n
tranquillisant

tranquilizer dart tranquilizer darts n
fléchette tranquillisante
A projectile used to inject a drug into a target, usually an animal, from a distance in order to immobilize it.

tranquillity /tɹæŋˈkwɪl.ɪ.ti/ tranquillities n
tranquillité
The state of being tranquil; peacefulness, the absence of disturbance or stress; serenity; calm.

trans /tɹænz/ adj
trans
Transgender or transsexual.

trans community trans communities n
communauté trans

trans fat trans fats n
gras trans
An unsaturated fat with carbon-carbon double bonds in the trans configuration, especially one prepared by partial hydrogenation, associated with an elevated risk of coronary heart disease.

trans girl trans girls n
transgirl
A transgender girl.

trans guy trans guys n
transguy

trans man trans men n
homme trans transhomme
A transgender or transsexual man, i.e., a man who was assigned female at birth.

trans person trans people trans persons n
personne trans
A transgender or transsexual person.

trans woman trans women n
femme trans
A transgender or transsexual woman; i.e., a woman who was assigned male at birth; i.e., a person who was assigned male at birth but who has a female or primarily-female gender identity.

trans* adj
trans*

trans- /tɹænz/ prefix
trans-
To or on the other side of, beyond; outside of.

trans-exclusionary more trans-exclusionary most trans-exclusionary adj
trans-excluant trans-exclusif

trans-friendly more trans-friendly most trans-friendly adj
transfriendly
Welcoming of transgender people.

trans-identified female trans-identified females n
femme trans-identifiée

trans-identified male trans-identified males n
homme trans-identifié

transactivism n
transactivisme

transactivist transactivists n
transactiviste

transalpine adj
transalpin
On the other side of the Alps (usually with respect to Rome, therefore the north side).

transaminase /tɹænzˈæmɪneɪz/ transaminases n
transaminase
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze transamination.

transantagonism n
transantagonisme

transantagonistic more transantagonistic most transantagonistic adj
transantagoniste

transatlantic adj
transatlantique
(geography) On, spanning or crossing, or from the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.

transbian /ˈtrænzˌbi.jən/ transbians n
transbienne
(informal) A trans lesbian.

transboy transboys n
transboi transboy

transbutch transbutches n
transbutch

transceive /tɹænˈsiv/ v
transmettre recevoir
(of a communications device) To both transmit and receive

transceiver transceivers n
émetteur-récepteur
A combined radio transmitter and receiver.
(computing) A device that performs transmitting and receiving functions, especially if using common components.

transcend /tɹæn(t)ˈsɛnd/ v
transcender
(transitive) To pass beyond the limits of something.

transcendence /tɹæn(t)ˈsɛndəns/ transcendences n
transcendance
(countable) The act of surpassing usual limits.
(uncountable) The state of being free from the constraints of the material world, as in the case of a deity.
Superior excellence; supereminence.

transcendental number transcendental numbers n
nombre transcendant
(mathematics) any irrational number that is not an algebraic number

transcendentalism transcendentalisms n
transcendentalisme
The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining a priori the fundamental principles of human knowledge.

transcendentally more transcendentally most transcendentally adv
transcendantalement
In a transcendental manner.

transclude v
transclure
(programming) To substitute a template or other input for its rendered text, such as when parsing wikitext. To include by transclusion. To process fetched data in-line.

transclusion transclusions n
transclusion
(computing) The inclusion of part of one hypertext document in another one by means of reference rather than copying.

transcontinental /ˌtɹænzˌkɒntɪˈnɛntəl/ /ˌtɹɑːnzˌkɒntɪˈnɛntəl/ adj
transcontinental
Crossing or spanning a continent.

transcribe /trænˈskɹaɪb/ v
transcrire
To convert a representation of language, typically speech but also sign language, etc., to a written representation of it. The term now usually implies the conversion of speech to text by a human transcriptionist with the assistance of a computer for word processing and sometimes also for speech recognition, the process of a computer interpreting speech and converting it to text.
(linguistics) To represent speech by phonetic symbols.

transcriber transcribers n
transcripteur transcriptrice
A person who transcribes; a transcriptionist.
transcripteur
(computing) A device or program that transcribes data.

transcript /ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/ [ˈtʃɹʷanskɹʷɪp̚t] [ˈtʃɹʷænskɹʷɪp̚t] transcripts n
transcription
A written version of what was said orally
transcrit
(genetics) A molecule of RNA produced by transcription
relevé de notes
(education) An inventory of the courses taken and grades earned of a student alleged throughout a course.

transcription /tɹænˈskɹɪpʃən/ transcriptions n
transcription
(linguistics) A representation of speech sounds as phonetic symbols.
(genetics) The synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA.

transcriptional adj
transcriptionnel
Of or pertaining to transcription, especially to the transcription of genetic information

transcriptome transcriptomes n
transcriptome
(biochemistry, genetics) The complete set of RNA molecules (transcripts) produced in a cell or a population of cells.

transdar n
transdar

transdermal adj
transdermique
Through the unbroken skin (as for example with measurements of blood glucose level with an optical glucometer using photometry or of oxygen saturation via pulse oximetry).

transducer /trænzˈdjuːsə(ɹ)/ /trænzˈdjuːsɚ/ transducers n
transducteur
A device that converts energy from one form into another.

transduction transductions n
transduction
(logic design) The improvement of an electronic logic network by reduction of redundant components in an initial version, using an established pruning procedure, then applying permissible functions for transformation of the network into a workable form. Thereafter the transformation and reduction may be repeated till no worthwhile further improvement results.

transductive more transductive most transductive adj
transductif
Of or pertaining to transduction

transept /ˈtɹænsɛpt/ /ˈtɹɑːnsɛpt/ transepts n
transept
(architecture) The transversal part of a church, which crosses at right angles to the greatest length, and between the nave and choir. In the basilicas, this had often no projection at its two ends. In Gothic churches these project greatly, and should be called the arms of the transept. It is common, however, to speak of the arms themselves as the transepts.

transfected adj
transfecté
Infected with nucleic acid

transfection /tɹænzˈfɛkʃən/ transfections n
transfection
(molecular biology) The introduction of foreign genetic material (such as DNA or RNA) into a eukaryotic cell.

transfem more transfem most transfem adj
transfem

transfemicide transfemicides n
transféminicide

transfeminine /trænzˈfɛm.ən.ɪn/ adj
transféminin

transfemininity transfemininities n
transféminité

transfeminism transfeminisms n
transféminin

transfeminist transfeminists n
transféministe

transfer /tɹænsˈfɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɜː/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/ /ˈtɹæns.fɚ/ /ˈtɹæns.fɜː/ /ˈtɹɑːns.fɜː/ transfers n
transfert
(uncountable) The act of conveying or removing something from one place, person or thing to another.
(genetics) The conveying of genetic material from one cell to another.

transfer /tɹænsˈfɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɜː/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɜː/ /ˈtɹæns.fɚ/ /ˈtɹæns.fɜː/ /ˈtɹɑːns.fɜː/ v
transférer
(transitive) To move or pass from one place, person or thing to another.

transfer market transfer markets n
mercato

transferable /trænsˈfɜːrəbl̩/ /trænsˈfɝrəbl̩/ /trɑːnsˈfɜːrəbl̩/ /ˈtrænsf(ə)rəbl̩/ /ˈtrænsfr̩əbl̩/ /ˈtrɑːnsf(ə)rəbl̩/ adj
transférable
Able to be transferred.

transferase transferases n
transférase
(enzyme) Any of various enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a functional group, such as amine or phosphate from one molecule to another.

transference /tɹænsˈfəɹəns/ /ˈtɹansf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ /ˈtɹanzf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ /ˈtɹænsfəɹəns/ /ˈtɹɑːnsf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ /ˈtɹɑːnzf(ə)ɹ(ə)ns/ transferences n
transférence
The act of conveying from one place to another; the act of transferring or the fact of being transferred.
transfert
(psychology) The process by which emotions and desires, originally associated with one person, such as a parent, are unconsciously shifted to another.

transfermium adj
transfermien

transfinite /tɹænsˈfaɪnaɪt/ adj
transfini
Beyond finite.

transfix v
méduser
(transitive) To render motionless, by arousing terror, amazement or awe.

transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ /tɹænsˈfɔːm/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔɹm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔːm/ /ˈtɹɑːnsfɔːm/ transforms n
transformée
(analysis) An operation (often an integration) that converts one function into another.
(by extension) A function so produced.

transform /tɹænsˈfɔɹm/ /tɹænsˈfɔːm/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔɹm/ /ˈtɹænsfɔːm/ /ˈtɹɑːnsfɔːm/ v
transformer
(transitive) To change greatly the appearance or form of.
(transitive) To change the nature, condition or function of; to change in nature, disposition, heart, character, etc.; to convert.
(transitive, mathematics) To subject to a transformation; to change into another form without altering the value.
(transitive, electricity) To subject to the action of a transformer.

transformation /ˌtɹæns.fɔɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌtɹæns.fə(ɹ)ˈmeɪ.ʃən/ /ˌtɹæns.fɚˈmeɪ.ʃən/ transformations n
transformation
The act of transforming or the state of being transformed.
(mathematics) The replacement of the variables in an algebraic expression by their values in terms of another set of variables; a mapping of one space onto another or onto itself; a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system.
(genetics) The alteration of a bacterial cell caused by the transfer of DNA from another, especially if pathogenic.

transformational grammar transformational grammars n
Grammaire transformationnelle
(linguistics) A generative grammar, especially of a natural language, developed in the Chomskyan tradition of phrase structure grammars (as opposed to dependency grammars), and involving the use of defined operations called transformations to produce new sentences from existing ones.

transformative /trɑːnsˈfɔːmətɪv/ /tɹæns-/ /tɹænsˈfɔɹmətɪv/ [-ɾɪv] more transformative most transformative adj
transformateur
That causes a transformation; causing a notable and lasting change

transformer /tɹænsˈfɔɹmɚ/ /tɹænsˈfɔːmə/ /tɹɑːnsˈfɔːmə/ transformers n
transformateur
Something that transforms, changing its own or another thing's shape.
(electrical engineering) A static device that transfers electric energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling. Their main use is to transfer energy between different voltage levels, which allows choosing most appropriate voltage for power generation, transmission and distribution separately.

transformism transformisms n
transformisme
(evolutionary theory) The doctrine that living organisms have evolved from previously existing forms of living matter.

transfuse /tɹænsˈfjuːz/ v
transfuser
(transitive, medicine) To administer a transfusion of.

transfusional adj
transfusionnel
Of, pertaining to, or involving transfusion.

transgay adj
transgay
Being, or pertaining to being, both a trans man and attracted to men (gay).

transgender /tɹanzˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ /tɹænzˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ adj
transgenre trans
(narrowly; see usage notes) Having a gender (identity) which is opposite from the sex one was assigned at birth: being assigned male but having a female gender, or vice versa (i.e., not including non-binary).
transgenre
(loosely) Transgressing or not identifying with culturally conventional gender roles and categories of male or female.

transgender /tɹanzˈd͡ʒɛn.də/ /tɹænzˈd͡ʒɛn.dɚ/ transgenders n
transgenre
(countable, now, often, offensive) A transgender person.

transgendercide n
transcide transgenricide

transgenderism transgenderisms n
transgendérisme transgenrisme
The state of being transgender. (See usage notes)

transgenderist transgenderists n
transgendériste

transgenderize v
transgenrer transgenriser

transgene transgenes n
transgène
(genetics, biotechnology) A gene from one species introduced into the genome of another by transgenesis.

transgenerational more transgenerational most transgenerational adj
transgénérationnel

transgenic /tɹanzˈdʒɛnɪk/ /tɹɑːnzˈdʒɛnɪk/ adj
transgénique
Of, or pertaining to an organism whose genome has been changed by the addition of a gene from another species; (of an organism) whose genome has been changed by such addition, genetically modified.

transgress /tɹænzˈɡɹɛs/ v
transgresser franchir
(transitive) To exceed or overstep some limit or boundary.
transgresser
(transitive) To act in violation of some law.
pécher
(intransitive, construed with against) To commit an offense; to sin.

transgression /tɹænsˈɡɹɛʃən/ transgressions n
infraction transgression
A violation of a law, duty or commandment.
transgression
(geology) A relative rise in sea level resulting in deposition of marine strata over terrestrial strata.

transgressive /tɹænzˈɡɹɛsɪv/ more transgressive most transgressive adj
transgressif
Involving transgression; that passes beyond some acceptable limit; sinful.

transgressor transgressors n
transgresseur transgresseuse
Someone who transgresses.

transhet transhets n
transhet

transhumance /tɹænzˈhjuːməns/ transhumances n
transhumance
The seasonal movement of people, with their cattle or other grazing animals, to new pastures which may be quite distant.

transhumanism transhumanisms n
transhumanisme
A philosophy favouring the use of science and technology, especially neurotechnology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology, to overcome human limitations and improve the human condition.

transidentity n
transidentité

transient /-si.ənt/ /ˈtɹan.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.si.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.ʃənt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zi.ənt/ more transient most transient adj
transitoire passager provisoire temporaire
Passing or disappearing with time; transitory.
bref fugace éphémère
Remaining for only a brief time.

transient /-si.ənt/ /ˈtɹan.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.si.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.zi.ənt/ /ˈtɹæn.ʃənt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zi.ənt/ transients n
itinérant
A person who passes through a place for a short time; a traveller; a migrant worker.
SDF clochard clodo sans-abri
A homeless person.

transistor /tɹænˈzɪs.tɚ/ transistors n
transistor
(semiconductors) A solid-state semiconductor device, with three terminals, which can be used for amplification, switching, voltage stabilization, signal modulation, and many other functions.
(dated, informal) A transistor radio.

transistor radio transistor radios n
transistor
(dated) A small portable radio receiver having transistors rather than thermionic valves; popular from the late 1950s.

transit /ˈtɹæn.sət/ /ˈtɹæn.sɪt/ /ˈtɹæn.zət/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zɪt/ transits n
transit
The act of passing over, across, or through something.
(astronomy) The passage of a celestial body or other object across the observer's meridian, or across the disk of a larger celestial body.

transit /ˈtɹæn.sət/ /ˈtɹæn.sɪt/ /ˈtɹæn.zət/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪt/ /ˈtɹɑːn.zɪt/ v
transiter
To pass over, across or through something.

transition /tɹænˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹænˈsɪʒən/ /tɹænˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʒən/ /tɹɑːnˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ transitions n
transition
The process of change from one form, state, style or place to another.
A word or phrase connecting one part of a discourse to another.
(music) A brief modulation; a passage connecting two themes.
(genetics) A point mutation in which one base is replaced by another of the same class (purine or pyrimidine); compare transversion.
(some, _, sports) A change from defense to attack, or attack to defense.
(medicine) The onset of the final stage of childbirth.
(education) Professional special education assistance for children or adults in the process of leaving one educational environment or support program for another to relatively more independent living.
(LGBT) The process or act of changing from one gender role to another, or of bringing one's outward appearance in line with one's internal gender identity.

transition /tɹænˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹænˈsɪʒən/ /tɹænˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːnˈsɪʒən/ /tɹɑːnˈzɪʃ(ə)n/ v
transitionner faire une transition
(intransitive, LGBT) To change from one gender role to another, or bring one's outward appearance in line with one's internal gender identity.

transitional adj
transitoire
of, or relating to a transition
provisoire temporaire
temporary; pending the implementation of something new

transitioner transitioners n
transitionneur transitionneuse

transitive /ˈtɹænzɪtɪv/ adj
transitif
(grammar, of a verb) Taking a direct object or objects.
(set theory, of a relation on a set) Having the property that if an element a is related to b and b is related to c, then a is necessarily related to c.
(algebra, of a group action) Such that, for any two elements of the acted-upon set, some group element maps the first to the second.

transitive dependency transitive dependencies n
dépendance transitive
(programming) In a computer program, library called by another dependency.

transitive verb transitive verbs n
verbe transitif
(grammar) A verb that is accompanied (either clearly or implicitly) by a direct object in the active voice. It links the action taken by the subject with the object upon which that action is taken. Consequently, transitive verbs can also be used in the passive voice when the direct object of the equivalent active-voice sentence becomes the subject.

transitively adv
transitivement
In a transitive manner.

transitivity /ˌtɹænzɪˈtɪvɪti/ transitivities n
transitivité
(grammar) The degree in which any one verb can take/govern objects.

transitory /ˈtɹæn.sɪ.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈtɹæn.sɪˌtɔɹ.i/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪ.t(ə)ɹɪ/ /ˈtɹæn.zɪˌtɔɹ.i/ more transitory most transitory adj
passager provisoire transitoire
Lasting only a short time; temporary.

translatability translatabilities n
traductibilité traduisibilité
The quality or property of being translatable; ability to be translated.

translatable more translatable most translatable adj
traduisible
Capable of being translated into another language.

translate /tɹæns-/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈleɪt/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnzˈleɪt/ /ˈtɹæns-/ /ˈtɹænzˌleɪt/ /ˈtɹɛnz.læɪt/ [ˈtʃɹʷɛ̃nzɫæe̯ʔ(t)] v
traduire
(transitive) To express spoken words or written text in a different (often clearer or simpler) way in the same language; to paraphrase, to rephrase, to restate.
translater
(intransitive, physics) Of a body: to be subjected to linear motion with no rotation.
(transitive, physics) To subject (a body) to linear motion with no rotation.

translating dictionary translating dictionaries n
dictionnaire traductif
A dictionary whose purpose is translating from language to language, as opposed to defining words in a single language.

translation /tɹæn(t)sˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹæns-/ /tɹænzˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /tɹɑːns-/ /tɹɑːnz-/ translations n
traduction
(genetics) The process whereby a strand of mRNA directs assembly of amino acids into proteins within a ribosome.
traduction translation
(translation studies) The discipline or study of translating written language (as opposed to interpretation, which concerns itself with spoken language).
translation
(physics, mathematics) A motion or compulsion to motion in a straight line without rotation or other deformation.
transmission
(mathematics) A relation between two mathematical figures such as a straight line where the coordinates of each point in one figure is a constant added to the coordinates of a corresponding point in the other figure.

translation dictionary translation dictionaries n
dictionnaire traductif
A dictionary that provides translations between two or more languages.

translation memory translation memories n
mémoire de traduction
(translation studies) A database that stores previously translated content to aid human translators, commonly abbreviated as TM.

translation studies n
traductologie
The study of the theory and practice of translating and interpreting, especially in an academic context, combining elements of social science and the humanities.

translational /tɹænzˈleɪʃənəl/ adj
translationnel translationnelle
(sciences) Relating to the transfer of scientific knowledge into practical applications.

translatologist translatologists n
traductologue

translator /ˈtɹanzleɪtə/ /ˈtɹænsleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹænzleɪtɚ/ /ˈtɹɑːnzleɪtə/ /ˌtɹænsˈleɪtɚ/ /ˌtɹænzˈleɪtɚ/ [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪtʰɚ] [ˌtʰɹænzˈleɪɾɚ] translators n
traducteur traductrice
A computer program that translates something from one language to another using machine translation.

translatress translatresses n
traductrice
(rare) A woman who translates.

translesbian adj
translesbienne

transliterate /tɹænzˈlɪtəɹeɪt/ v
translittérer
(transitive) To represent letters or words in the characters of another writing system.

transliteration /ˌtɹænzlɪtəˈɹeɪʃən/ transliterations n
translittération transcription
(linguistics, translation studies) The act or product of transliterating, of representing letters or words in the characters of another alphabet or script.

translocation translocations n
translocation
(genetics) A transfer of a chromosomal segment to a new position, especially on a nonhomologous chromosome; the segment so transferred.

translucent /tɹænz.ˈlu.sənt/ /tɹænz.ˈluː.sənt/ more translucent most translucent adj
translucide
Allowing light to pass through, but diffusing it.

transmasc more transmasc most transmasc adj
transmasc

transmasculine more transmasculine most transmasculine adj
transmasculin

transmasculinity transmasculinities n
transmasculinité

transmed transmeds n
transmed

transmedicalism n
transmédicalisme

transmedicalist more transmedicalist most transmedicalist adj
transmédicaliste

transmembrane adj
transmembranaire
(biology) traversing a cellular membrane

transmigrate v
transmigrer
(intransitive) To migrate to another country.
(intransitive, of the soul) To pass into another body after death.

transmigration transmigrations n
transmigration
Departure from one's homeland to live in another country; migration.
The movement of a soul from one body to another after death; metempsychosis.

transmisandry n
transmisandrie
(LGBT, neologism) Hatred of transgender men.

transmisogynist transmisogynists n
transmisogyne

transmisogynoir /ˌtɹanz.mɪˈsɒd͡ʒ.ɪˌnwɑː/ /ˌtɹænz.mɪˈsɑd͡ʒ.ɪˌnwɑɹ/ n
transmisogynoir

transmisogyny n
transmisogynie
Hatred of or contempt for trans women.

transmissible more transmissible most transmissible adj
transmissible
Able to be transmitted.
(medicine, of a disease) Capable of being transmitted from one person to another.
(radio communications or broadcasting, of a message or program) Capable of being transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver.

transmissible spongiform encephalopathy transmissible spongiform encephalopathies n
encéphalopathie spongiforme transmissible
(disease, neurology) Any fatal, incurable degenerative disease of the brain transmitted by prions.

transmission /tɹænsˈmɪʃən/ /tɹænzˈmɪʃən/ transmissions n
transmission
The fact of being transmitted.
Something that is transmitted, such as a message, picture, or a disease; the sending of such a thing.
(medicine, biology) The passing of a communicable disease from an infected host individual or group to a conspecific individual or group.
boite de vitesses
(automotive) A device, usually an assembly of gears (gearbox) plus a clutch or torque converter, through which power is sent from the engine to the driveshaft in an automobile (motor car or motor truck).

transmit /tɹænsˈmɪt/ /tɹænzˈmɪt/ v
transmettre émettre

transmitter transmitters n
transmetteur émetteur
One who or that which transmits something (in all senses).
An electronic device that generates and amplifies a carrier wave, modulates it with a meaningful signal derived from speech, music, TV or other sources, and broadcasts the resulting signal from an antenna.

transmontane /ˌtɹænz.mɑnˈteɪn/ /ˌtɹænz.mɒnˈteɪn/ /ˌtɹɑːnz.mɒnˈteɪn/ adj
transmontain
Of or relating to the other side of the mountains.

transmute /tɹænzˈmjuːt/ v
transmuer
(ambitransitive) To change, transform or convert one thing to another, or from one state or form to another.

transnational more transnational most transnational adj
transnational
Between or beyond national boundaries.

transness n
transitude transness

transnormative more transnormative most transnormative adj
transnormatif

transnormativity transnormativities n
transnormativité

transoceanic /ˌtɹæn.zəʊ.ʃiˈæn.ɪk/ more transoceanic most transoceanic adj
transocéanique
crossing an ocean

transom /ˈtɹæn.səm/ transoms n
traverse
(architectural element) A crosspiece over a door; a lintel.

transom window transom windows n
vasistas imposte
(architecture) A window above a door or another window.

transonic adj
transsonique
Just below, or just above, the speed of sound (0.8 < Ma < 1.2 approximately).

transpadane adj
transpadan

transparence transparences n
transparence
The state of being transparent.

transparency /-ˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpæɹənsi/ /tɹænsˈpɛɹənsi/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənsi/ transparencies n
transparence
(uncountable) The quality of being transparent; transparence.

transparent /tɹæn(t)sˈpæɹənt/ /tɹæn(t)sˈpɛɹənt/ /tɹænz-/ /tɹænzˈpæɹənt/ more transparent most transparent adj
transparent
(of a material or object) See-through, clear; having the property that light passes through it almost undisturbed, such that one can see through it clearly.
(of a system or organization) Open, public; having the property that theories and practices are publicly visible, thereby reducing the chance of corruption.
Obvious; readily apparent; easy to see or understand.

transpersonal more transpersonal most transpersonal adj
transpersonnel
(psychology) That transcends the personal or individual

transphile transphiles n
transphile

transphilia transphilias n
transphilie

transphobe transphobes n
transphobe
A person who fears, hates or is prejudiced against transgender or transsexual people and/or transness.

transphobia transphobias n
transphobie
Hatred or fear of transgender and transsexual people.
(chemistry) The preference of pairs of high-trans effect soft ligands to avoid being mutually trans by becoming cis and having other low-trans effect hard ligands trans to themselves.

transphobic more transphobic most transphobic adj
transphobe
Exhibiting transphobia.

transphobism n
transphobisme

transpiration transpirations n
transpiration
(botany) The loss of water by evaporation in terrestrial plants, especially through the stomata; accompanied by a corresponding uptake from the roots.
(physiology) The process of giving off water vapour through the skin or mucous membranes.

transpire /tɹænˈspaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/ /tɹænˈspaɪ̯ɚ/ v
transpirer
(ambitransitive) To give off (vapour, waste matter etc.); to exhale (an odour etc.). [from 16th c.]
(botany, intransitive) Of plants, to give off water and waste products through the stomata. [from 17th c.]
(intransitive) To become known; to escape from secrecy. [from 18th c.]

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ transplants n
transplantation
An act of uprooting and moving (something), especially and archetypically a plant.
greffe greffon transplantation
(medicine) An operation (procedure) in which tissue or an organ is transplanted: an instance of transplantation.
greffon
(medicine) A transplanted organ or tissue: a graft.

transplant /tɹænzˈplænt/ /tɹænzˈplɑːnt/ /tɹɑːnzˈplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹænzplænt/ /ˈtɹænzplɑːnt/ /ˈtɹɑːnzplɑːnt/ v
transplanter
(transitive) To uproot (a growing plant), and plant it in another place.
transplanter déplacer
(transitive) To remove (something) and establish its residence in another place; to resettle or relocate.
greffer transplanter
(transitive, medicine) To transfer (tissue or an organ) from one body to another, or from one part of a body to another.

transplantation transplantations n
transplantation
A surgical operation in which an organ is moved from a donor to a recipient; an organ transplant.

transponder transponders n
transpondeur
A radar or radio transceiver that transmits some signal in response to receiving a predetermined signal.

transport /tɹænsˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /tɹænsˈpoət/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹt/ /tɹænsˈpɔːt/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔːt/ /ˈtɹæns.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.poət/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔːt/ /ˈtɹɑːnspɔːt/ transports n
transport
An act of transporting; conveyance.
The state of being transported by emotion; rapture.
A vehicle used to transport (passengers, mail, freight, troops etc.)

transport /tɹænsˈpo(ː)ɹt/ /tɹænsˈpoət/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹt/ /tɹænsˈpɔːt/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔːt/ /ˈtɹæns.po(ː)ɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.poət/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔɹt/ /ˈtɹæns.pɔːt/ /ˈtɹɑːnspɔːt/ v
transporter reporter
To carry or bear from one place to another; to remove; to convey.

transportability transportabilities n
transportabilité

transportable /tɹænsˈpɔɹtəbl̩/ /tɹænsˈpɔɹtəbəl/ /tɹænzˈpɔɹtəbl̩/ /tɹænzˈpɔɹtəbəl/ /tɹænˈspɔː(ɹ)təb(ə)l/ /tɹɑːnˈspɔː(ɹ)təb(ə)l/ more transportable most transportable adj
transportable
Capable of being transported; easily moved.

transportation /tɹænspɔːˈteɪʃən/ /tɹænspɚˈteɪʃən/ transportations n
transport
The act of transporting, or the state of being transported; conveyance, often of people, goods etc.
transportation
(historical) Deportation to a penal colony.

transposable adj
transposable
able to be transposed (in any sense)

transpose /ˈtɹænzpoʊz/ /ˈtɹɑːnspəʊz/ transposes n
matrice transposée transposée
(linear algebra) The process of rearranging elements in a matrix, by interchanging their respective row and column positional indicators.

transpose /tɹænzˈpoʊz/ /tɹɑːnsˈpəʊz/ v
transposer
(transitive) To reverse or change the order of (two or more things); to swap or interchange.
(transitive, music) To rewrite or perform (a piece) in another key.
(transitive, algebra) To move (a term) from one side of an algebraic equation to the other, reversing the sign of the term.

transposing adj
transpositeur
(music) Written in a different pitch to how it sounds.

transposition transpositions n
transposition transposition en droit interne transposition en droit national
(European Union) An incorporation of the provisions of a European Union directive into a Member State's domestic law.

transrealism n
transréalisme
(science fiction) A literary mode that mixes the techniques of incorporating fantastic elements used in science fiction with the techniques of describing immediate perceptions from naturalistic realism.

transsensual more transsensual most transsensual adj
transsensuel

transsex n
transsexe

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ more transsexual most transsexual adj
transsexuel transsexuelle
(of a person) Having changed, or being in the process of changing, physical sex (because it does not match desired sex) by undergoing medical treatment such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and optionally sex reassignment surgery (SRS), or rarely only SRS.

transsexual /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛksjuəl/ /tɹæn(z)ˈsɛkʃuəl/ transsexuals n
transsexuel transsexuelle
A transsexual person.

transsexuality transsexualities n
transsexualité transsexualisme
The state, condition, or properties of being transsexual.

transsexualization transsexualizations n
transsexualisation
The process of making transsexual.

transsexualize v
transsexualiser

transtrender transtrenders n
transtrender

transubstantiation transubstantiations n
transsubstantiation
(Roman Catholic) The doctrine holding that the bread and wine of the Eucharist are essentially transformed into the body and blood of Jesus.

transversal /tɹænsˈvɜːsəl/ /tɹænsˈvɝsəl/ /tɹænz-/ transversals n
transversal
A line which traverses or intersects any system of other lines transversely.

transverse colon transverse colons n
côlon transverse
(anatomy) A part of colon joining ascending colon and descending colon.

transverse wave transverse waves n
onde transversale
(physics) Any wave in which the direction of disturbance is perpendicular to the direction of travel

transvestism transvestisms n
travestissement
The condition of being a transvestite.

transvestite /tɹænzˈvɛstaɪt/ transvestites n
travesti travelo
A person who sometimes wears clothes traditionally worn by and associated with the opposite sex; typically a male who cross-dresses occasionally by habit or personal choice.
(clinical psychology, psychiatry, pathology) A person, typically a heterosexual male, who compulsively seeks and derives paraphilic sexual arousal from cross-dressing, especially if the urges and behavior cause the patient distress or social impairment.

transwiki v
transwiki

trap /tɹæp/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ap] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔äp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔æp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ɛp] traps n
piège collet
A machine or other device designed to catch (and sometimes kill) animals, either by holding them in a container, or by catching hold of part of the body.
piège souricière traquenard
A trick or arrangement designed to catch someone in a more general sense; a snare.
trappe
A covering over a hole or opening; a trapdoor.
siphon
A bend, sag, or other device in a waste-pipe arranged so that the liquid contents form a seal which prevents the escape of noxious gases, but permits the flow of liquids.
charrette anglaise
(historical) A light two-wheeled carriage with springs.
clapet gueule
(slang) A person's mouth.
trap
(slang, informal, sometimes, _ , offensive, sometimes, _ ) Someone who is anatomically male but who passes as female.

trap /tɹæp/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ap] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔äp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔æp] [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ɛp] v
piéger attraper
(transitive) To physically capture, to catch in a trap or traps, or something like a trap.
piéger
(transitive) To ensnare; to take by stratagem; to entrap.
intercepter
(computing, intransitive) To capture (e.g. an error) in order to handle or process it.

trapball n
ball-trap

trapdoor /ˈtræpdɔɹ/ /ˈtræpdɔː/ trapdoors n
trappe
A hinged or sliding door set into a floor or ceiling.

trapeze /tɹəˈpiːz/ trapezes n
trapèze
A swinging horizontal bar suspended at each end by a rope, used by gymnasts.

trapezist trapezists n
trapéziste
A gymnast who performs on a trapeze.

trapezium /tɹæˈpi.zi.əm/ /tɹəˈpiː.zi.əm/ trapezia trapeziums n
trapèze
(restrictively) A quadrilateral with two sides parallel and two sides non-parallel.
(anatomy) The trapezium bone of the wrist.
trapézoïde
(geometry, US, dated) A four-sided polygon with no parallel sides and no sides equal; a simple convex irregular quadrilateral.

trapezohedron trapezohedra trapezohedrons n
antidiamant
(geometry, crystallography) Any of a class of polyhedra that have kite-shaped faces and are dual polyhedra of antiprisms.

trapped more trapped most trapped adj
attrapé
caught in a trap

trapper /ˈtɹæpɚ/ trappers n
trappeur
One who traps animals; one who makes a business of trapping animals, for their pelts, meat, etc.

trappings n
accoutrement
Clothing or equipment; that which gives the appearance of something.

trash /tɹæʃ/ trashes n
déchet
(chiefly, North American) Useless physical things to be discarded; rubbish; refuse.
corbeille à papier
(chiefly, North American, metonym) A container into which things are discarded.
corbeille
(computing) Temporary storage on disk for files that the user has deleted, allowing them to be recovered if necessary.

trash TV n
télé-poubelle

trash heap of history n
oubliettes de l'histoire
(figuratively) A notional place where things which have been forgotten or have become irrelevant from a historical perspective go.

trauma /ˈtɹaʊ.mə/ /ˈtɹɑ.mə/ /ˈtɹɒ.mə/ /ˈtɹɔ.mə/ /ˈtɹɔː.mə/ traumas traumata n
trauma traumatisme
Any serious injury to the body, often resulting from violence or an accident.
traumatisme trauma
An emotional wound leading to psychological injury.
An event that causes great distress.

traumatic /tɹɔːˈmætɪk/ more traumatic most traumatic adj
traumatique
Of, caused by, or causing trauma.

traumatic brain injury traumatic brain injuries n
trauma crânien traumatisme cranio-cérébral traumatisme crânien
(medicine) A traumatic injury to the brain caused by an external force.

traumatize v
traumatiser
(transitive, pathology) To injure, e.g. tissues, by force or by thermal, chemical or other agents.
(transitive, psychiatry) To cause a trauma in.

traumatology n
traumatologie
(medicine, psychology) A branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of trauma.

travail /tɹəˈveɪl/ /ˈtɹævˌeɪl/ travails travaux n
labeur travail
(literary) Arduous or painful exertion; excessive labor, suffering, hardship. [from 13th c.]
(obsolete, countable) An act of working; labor (US), labour (British). [14th–18th c.]
travail
Specifically, the labor of childbirth. [from 13th c.]

travail /tɹəˈveɪl/ /ˈtɹævˌeɪl/ v
peiner
To toil.
être en couches être en travail
To go through the labor of childbirth.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ travels n
voyage
The act of traveling; passage from place to place.
The working motion of a piece of machinery; the length of a mechanical stroke.

travel /ˈtɹævəl/ v
voyager
(intransitive) To be on a journey, often for pleasure or business and with luggage; to go from one place to another.
(transitive) To travel throughout (a place).
propager transmettre voyager
(intransitive) To pass from one place to another; to move or transmit.

travel agency travel agencies n
agence de voyages agence de voyage
A company that arranges travel and accommodation for travellers.

travel guide travel guides n
guide de voyage
A book or other work designed to give tourists and other visitors information about a particular country or area.

travel insurance travel insurances n
assurance voyage

travel light v
voyager léger

traveler's diarrhea n
tourista

traveling /ˈtɹæv.lɪŋ/ /ˈtɹæv.ə.lɪŋ/ travelings n
marché
(basketball) A violation committed by progressing while holding the ball instead of dribbling it.

traveller /ˈtɹævlə/ /ˈtɹævl̩ɚ/ /ˈtɹævələ/ /ˈtɹævəlɚ/ travellers n
voyageur voyageuse
One who travels, especially to distant lands.

traveller's cheque n
chèque de voyage Travellers chèque
(British, Canada) A preprinted cheque for a fixed amount, often in a foreign currency, issued by a bank that may be used instead of cash; may usually be replaced if lost or stolen.

traveller's palm traveller's palms n
arbre du voyageur
A tropical plant, Ravenala madagascariensis (not a true palm), native to Madagascar but grown elsewhere for its distinctive appearance: banana-like leaves are arranged in a flat, fan-like pattern atop a palm-like trunk.

travelling salesman travelling salesmen n
commis-voyageur VRP
A man who travels, often within a certain territory, soliciting orders or selling goods.

travelling salesman problem n
problème du commis voyageur problème du voyageur de commerce
(mathematics, UK, Canada) The problem in combinatorial optimization in which, given a number of cities and the costs of travelling from one to the other, it is required to determine the cheapest route that visits each city once and then returns to the initial city.

travelling wave travelling waves n
onde progressive
(physics) A wave that is not bounded by a given space, but can propagate freely.

traversable more traversable most traversable adj
traversable

traversal traversals n
traversée
The act of traversing; a crossing

traverse /tɹəˈvɜːs/ /tɹəˈvɝs/ /ˈtɹævəs/ /ˈtɹævɚs/ v
traverser franchir
(transitive) To travel across, to go through, to pass through, particularly under difficult conditions.

travertine /ˈtɹavətɪn/ travertines n
travertin
(mineral) A light, porous form of concretionary limestone (or calcite) deposited from solution, and sometimes quarried for building.

travesticide travesticides n
travesticide

travois /tɹævˈwɑ/ /tɹəˈvɔɪ/ /ˈtɹævwɑ/ /ˈtɹævwɑː/ /ˈtɹævɔɪ/ travois travoises n
travois
(originally, and, chiefly, Canada, US, historical) A frame, often consisting of two poles tied together at one end to form a V-shaped structure with the vertex attached to a dog, horse, etc., or held by a person and the other ends touching the ground, which was used by indigenous peoples (notably the Plains Aboriginals of North America) to drag loads over land.

trawl /tɹɑl/ /tɹɔl/ /tɹɔːl/ v
chaluter
(ambitransitive) To take (fish or other marine animals) with a trawl.
passer au peigne fin
(intransitive) To make an exhaustive search for something within a defined area.

trawler trawlers n
chalutier
A fishing boat that uses a trawl net or dragnet to catch fish.

trawling trawlings n
chalutage
A commercial fishing technique in which a net is dragged by a moving boat. Not to be confused with trolling, which drags (one or more) lines.

tray /tɹeɪ/ trays n
plateau cabaret
A small, typically rectangular or round, flat, and rigid object upon which things are carried.

treacherous /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹəs/ /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃɹəs/ more treacherous most treacherous adj
traître
Exhibiting treachery.
Deceitful; inclined to betray.
Unreliable; dangerous.

treacherously more treacherously most treacherously adv
traîtreusement
In a treacherous manner.

treachery /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃəɹi/ /ˈtɹɛt͡ʃɹi/ treacheries n
traîtrise
Deliberate, often calculated, disregard for trust or faith.

treacle /ˈtɹiː.ku/ /ˈtɹiː.kəl/ /ˈtɹiː.kɯ/ treacles n
mélasse
(chiefly, British) A syrupy byproduct of sugar refining; molasses or golden syrup.

tread /tɹɛd/ treads n
profil de semelle
marche
A manner of stepping.
A bruise or abrasion produced on the foot or ankle of a horse that interferes, or strikes its feet together.
bande de roulement
The grooves carved into the face of a tire, used to give the tire traction. [from 1900s]

tread /tɹɛd/ v
fouler marcher sur
(intransitive) To step or walk (on or across something); to trample.
fouler piétiner
(transitive) To crush grapes with one's feet to make wine

tread the boards /ˌtɹɛd ðə ˈboɹdz/ /ˌtɹɛd ðə ˈbɔːdz/ v
monter sur les planches
To work as a theatre actor.

tread water v
faire du sur place
(figuratively) To make no progress, expending effort just enough to maintain a stable position.

treadmill /ˈtɹɛd.mɪl/ treadmills n
tapis roulant tapis de course
A piece of indoor sporting equipment used to allow for the motions of running or walking while staying in one place.
roue de carrier
(historical) A mill worked by persons treading upon steps on the periphery of a wide wheel having a horizontal axis. It was used principally as a means of prison discipline.

treason /ˈtɹiː.zən/ treasons n
trahison
The crime of betraying one’s own country.
An act of treachery, betrayal of trust or confidence.

treasure /ˈtɹɛʒə/ /ˈtɹɛʒɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛʒɚ/ treasures n
trésor
(uncountable) A collection of valuable things; accumulated wealth; a stock of money, jewels, etc.
(countable) Anything greatly valued.
(countable) A term of endearment.

treasure /ˈtɹɛʒə/ /ˈtɹɛʒɚ/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɛʒɚ/ v
garder précieusement priser
(transitive, of a person or thing) To consider to be precious; to value highly.

treasure chest treasure chests n
coffre au trésor
A chest filled with treasure, especially one used by pirates, etc.

treasure hunt treasure hunts n
chasse au trésor
A search for sunken or buried treasure.

treasure map treasure maps n
carte au trésor
A map indicating the location of buried treasure.

treasure trove treasure troves treasures trove n
trésor
A hidden treasure, subsequently discovered.

treasurer /ˈtɹɛʒəɹə(ɹ)/ treasurers n
ministre du budget
The government official in charge of the Treasury.
trésorier trésorière
The official entrusted with the funds and revenues of an organization such as a club.

treasurership treasurerships n
trésorerie
The role or office of treasurer.

treasury /ˈtɹɛʒ.ə.ɹi/ /ˈtɹɛʒ.ɚ.i/ treasuries n
trésorerie
A place where treasure is stored safely.
A place where state or royal money and valuables are stored.

treasury department treasury departments n
Trésor Trésorerie
A government department that manages government finances.

treat /tɹiːt/ [tɹiːt] [t͡ʃɹiːt] v
traiter
(intransitive) To discourse; to handle a subject in writing or speaking; to conduct a discussion. [from 14th c.]
traiter soigner
(transitive) To handle, deal with or behave towards in a specific way. [from 14th c.]
régaler négocier
(transitive) To entertain with food or drink, especially at one's own expense; to show hospitality to; to pay for as celebration or reward. [from 16th c.]
traiter soigner guérir négocier
(transitive) To care for medicinally or surgically; to apply medical care to. [from 18th c.]

treat like dirt v
traiter comme de la merde

treatise /ˈtɹiːtɪs/ /ˈtɹiːtɪz/ treatises n
traité
A formal, usually lengthy, systematic discourse on some subject.

treatment /ˈtɹiːtmənt/ treatments n
traitement
The process or manner of treating someone or something.
Medical care for an illness or injury.
The use of a substance or process to preserve or give particular properties to something.

treaty /-ɾi/ /ˈtɹiti/ /ˈtɹiːti/ /ˈtɹiːəti/ treaties n
traité
(countable, international law) A formal binding agreement concluded by subjects of international law, namely, states and international organizations; a convention, a pact.

treble /ˈtɹɛbəl/ trebles n
triplé
(sports) Three goals, victories, awards etc. in a given match or season.

treble /ˈtɹɛbəl/ v
tripler
(transitive, dated) To multiply by three; to make into three parts, layers, or thrice the amount.

treble clef treble clefs n
clé de sol
(music) a symbol showing that the second line from the bottom of the stave represents the G above middle C

trebuchet /ˈtɹɛb.ju.ʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛb.juˌʃɛt/ /ˈtɹɛb.jə.ʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛb.jəˌʃeɪ/ /ˈtɹɛbəʃɛt/ trebuchets n
trébuchet
A torture device for dunking suspected witches by means of a chair attached to the end of a long pole.

tredecillion tredecillions numeral
trédécillion
(rare, US, modern British & Australian, short scale) 1042.
(rare, dated, British, Australian, long scale) 1078.

tree /tɹiː/ [tɹiː] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷɪi̯] [t͡ʃɹiː] treen trees n
arbre
A perennial woody plant taller and larger than a bush with a wooden trunk and, at some distance from the ground, leaves and branches.
An object made from a tree trunk and having multiple hooks or storage platforms.
(graph theory) A connected graph with no cycles or, if the graph is finite, equivalently a connected graph with n vertices and n−1 edges.
(computing theory) A recursive data structure in which each node has zero or more nodes as children.
(graphical user interface) A display or listing of entries or elements such that there are primary and secondary entries shown, usually linked by drawn lines or by indenting to the right.
arçon
The structural frame of a saddle.
The structure or wooden frame used in the construction of a saddle used in horse riding.

tree frog tree frogs n
rainette
A frog of the family Hylidae, of small size and more elegant in form than the true frogs (family Ranidae), often with a bright coloration.

tree hollow tree hollows n
arbre creux trou d'arbre
a semi-enclosed cavity which has naturally formed in the trunk or branch of a tree.

tree kangaroo tree kangaroos n
kangourou arboricole

tree of heaven trees of heaven n
ailante glanduleux
An Asiatic tree (Ailanthus altissima) having foliage similar to that of the sumacs and ill-scented staminate flowers, much used in traditional Chinese medicine, but considered invasive and often subject to control efforts.

tree pipit tree pipits n
pipit des arbres
A small passerine bird, Anthus trivialis.

tree ring tree rings n
anneau de croissance cerne anneau annuel
The annual growth ring in the trunk of a tree.

tree shaking n
tree shaking

tree sparrow tree sparrows n
moineau friquet
A bird of the species Passer montanus

tree trunk tree trunks n
tronc
(botany) The main structural member of a tree.

treebank /ˈtɹiː.bæŋk/ treebanks n
corpus arboré
(linguistics, computational linguistics) A database of sentences which are annotated with syntactic information, often in the form of a tree.

treecreeper treecreepers n
grimpereau

treetop treetops n
cime des arbres
The crown or uppermost branches of a tree

trefoil /ˈtɹiː.fɔɪl/ /ˈtɹɛ.fɔɪl/ trefoils n
trèfle
Any of several plants of the pea family, having compound, trifoliate leaves; especially one of the genus Trifolium.

trekking trekkings n
trekking
Walking in the countryside for pleasure or sport, usually for a longer period of time than for hiking.

trellis /ˈtɹɛlɪs/ trellises n
treillage
An outdoor garden frame that can be used for partitioning a common area.
espalier treille
An outdoor garden frame that can be used to grow vines or other climbing plants.

trematode /ˈtrɛm.ə.təʊd/ /ˈtrɛm.əˌtoʊd/ trematodes n
trématode

tremble /ˈtɹɛmbl̩/ trembles n
tremblement vibration
A shake, quiver, or vibration.

tremble /ˈtɹɛmbl̩/ v
trembler vibrer
(intransitive) To shake, quiver, or vibrate.
(intransitive, figurative) To fear; to be afraid.

tremendous /tɹəˈmɛndəs/ /tɹɪˈmɛndəs/ more tremendous most tremendous adj
formidable
Awe-inspiring; terrific.
énorme
Extremely large (in amount, extent, degree, etc.) or great

tremolite tremolites n
trémolite
(mineral) A pale grey/green amphibole mineral, a type of asbestos, that is a mixed calcium and magnesium silicate, with the chemical formula Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2; sometimes used in place of common asbestos.

tremor /ˈtɹiːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹɛmə/ /ˈtɹɛmɚ/ /ˈtɹɪmɚ/ tremors n
tremblement trémulation trépidation
(medicine) A rhythmic, uncontrollable shaking of all or part of the body due to partial muscle contractions.
tremblement trépidation
A shake, quiver, or vibration.
tremblement de terre trémor trépidation
An earthquake.

tremor /ˈtɹiːmə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹɛmə/ /ˈtɹɛmɚ/ /ˈtɹɪmɚ/ v
trembler
To shake or quiver excessively and rapidly or involuntarily; to tremble.

tremulous /ˈtɹɛmjuləs/ /ˈtɹɛmjələs/ /ˈtɹɛmjʊləs/ more tremulous most tremulous adj
tremblant
Trembling, quivering, or shaking.
timide timoré
Timid, hesitant; lacking confidence.

trench /t(ʃ)ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ /t(ʃ)ɹɛnʃ/ trenches n
tranchée fossé
A long, narrow ditch or hole dug in the ground.
tranchée
(military) A narrow excavation as used in warfare, as a cover for besieging or emplaced forces.

trench coat trench coats n
trench trench-coat
A military-style raincoat with a belt and deep pockets and often epaulettes.

trench foot n
pied de tranchée
A medical condition which can affect the feet when they are constantly cold and wet, similar to frostbite.

trench stick trench sticks n
canne des tranchées
A type of baton or cane used by soldiers in military trenches, especially of the First World War, for manoeuvring and for basic combat.

trench warfare n
guerre des tranchées
(uncountable) Warfare in which opposing sides occupy trenches and repeatedly fire at one another; usually involving high casualty rates over a long period of time.

trenchant /ˈtɹɛnʃənt/ more trenchant most trenchant adj
tranchant
(obsolete) Fitted to trench or cut; gutting; sharp.

trend /tɹɛnd/ trends n
tendance penchant
An inclination in a particular direction.
tendance
A fad or fashion style.
(mathematics) A line drawn on a graph that approximates the trend of a number of disparate points.

trend /tɹɛnd/ v
tendre vers

trendsetter trendsetters n
lanceur de mode tendanceur
someone who starts a trend, or makes one more popular

trendy /ˈtɹɛndi/ trendier trendiest adj
branché à la mode
(slang) Of, or in accordance with the latest trend, fashion or hype.

trepan /tɹɪˈpæn/ trepans n
trépan
A tool used to bore through rock when sinking shafts.

trepanation /tɹɛpəˈneɪʃən/ trepanations n
trépanation
The practice of drilling a hole in the skull as a physical, mental, or spiritual treatment.

trephine /tɹɪˈfaɪn/ trephines n
trépan tréphine
(medicine) A surgical instrument with a cylindrical blade used to remove a circular section of tissue, such as bone or cornea; a trepan.

trephone trephones n
tréphone

trepidation /ˌtɹɛp.ɪˈdeɪ.ʃən/ trepidations n
appréhension crainte inquiétude trépidation
An involuntary trembling, sometimes an effect of paralysis, but usually caused by terror or fear.
(astronomy, obsolete) A libration of the starry sphere in the Ptolemaic system; a motion ascribed to the firmament, to account for certain small changes in the position of the ecliptic and of the stars.

treshchotka n
tréchtchotka
an old Russian percussion instrument

trespass /ˈtɹɛspæs/ /ˈtɹɛspəs/ trespasses n
trespas

trespass /ˈtɹɛspæs/ /ˈtɹɛspəs/ v
enfreindre entrer par effraction

tress /tɹɛs/ tresses n
tresse
A braid, knot, or curl, of hair; a ringlet.

trestle /ˈtɹɛsəl/ trestles n
tréteau
A horizontal member supported near each end by a pair of divergent legs, such as sawhorses.
A folding or fixed set of legs used to support a tabletop or planks.

treyf /tɹeɪf/ adj
trief
(Judaism, of food) Not kosher.

trez trezes n
chevillure
the third tine of an antler's beam

tri- /tɹaɪ/ prefix
tri-
three

triad /ˈtɹaɪ.æd/ triads n
trio triade
A grouping of three.
triade
A branch of a Chinese underground criminal society, mostly based in Hong Kong.

triage /tɹiˈɑʒ/ /ˈtɹi.ɑʒ/ /ˈtɹiː.ɑːʒ/ triages n
triage médical triage
(medicine) The process of sorting patients so as to determine the order in which they will be treated (for example, by assigning precedence according to the urgency of illness or injury).

triage /tɹiˈɑʒ/ /ˈtɹi.ɑʒ/ /ˈtɹiː.ɑːʒ/ v
trier
(chiefly, medical) To subject to triage; to prioritize.

trial /ˈtɹaɪəl/ [tɹaɪəl] adj
triel
(grammar) Pertaining to a language form referring to three of something, like people. (See Ambai language for an example.)

trial /ˈtɹaɪəl/ [tɹaɪəl] trials n
procès essai
A meeting or series of meetings in a court of law at which evidence is presented to a judge (and sometimes a jury) to allow them to decide on a legal matter (especially whether an accused person is guilty of a crime).
épreuve
A difficult or annoying experience or person; (especially, religion) such an experience seen as a test of faith and piety.
essai
(archaic) The action of trying (to do) something, especially more than once. (This sense is still current in the expression trial and error.)

trial and error trials and errors n
tâtonnement
The process of finding a solution to a problem by trying many possible solutions and learning from mistakes until success is attained.

trial balloon /ˌtɹaɪəl bəˈlun/ /ˌtɹaɪəl bəˈluːn/ trial balloons n
ballon d'essai
(aeronautics, historical) A small balloon released into the sky to determine the direction and tendency of winds in the upper air before a manned ascent in a larger balloon; a ballon d'essai.
(idiomatic, figuratively) An idea, suggestion, or prospective action, product, etc., offered to an audience or group in order to test whether it generates acceptance or interest.

trial by fire trials by fire n
épreuve du feu
A test in which a person is exposed to flames in order to assess their truthfulness, commitment, courage etc.
A situation in which a soldier or other combatant faces the discharge of opposing weapons, as a test of their fortitude.
épreuve du feu épreuve par le feu
(idiomatic, by extension) Any ordeal which tests one's strength, endurance or resolve.

trial by media trials by media n
procès médiatique
(idiomatic) The process by which media coverage affects a person's reputation by creating a widespread perception of guilt or innocence, often before, or after, a verdict in a court of law.

trial by ordeal trials by ordeal n
ordalie
(legal) An archaic practice by which a person accused of a crime could prove their innocence by their survival of physically painful tests.

trialogue trialogues n
trilogue
A conversation or talk between three people.
(European Union) An informal tripartite meeting attended by representatives of the European Parliament, the Council of the European Union, and the European Commission.

triangle /ˈtɹaɪəŋɡəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌæŋɡəl/ triangles n
triangle
(geometry) A polygon with three sides and three angles.
(music) A percussion instrument made by forming a metal rod into a triangular shape which is open at one angle. It is suspended from a string and hit with a metal bar to make a resonant sound.

triangle inequality pn
inégalité triangulaire
(analysis) The inequality that states that the magnitude of the sum of two vectors is less than or equal to the sum of the magnitudes of the vectors, or any equivalent inequality in other spaces.

triangular /tɹaɪˈaɪŋ.ɡjʊ.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lə/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjə.lɚ/ /tɹaɪˈæŋ.ɡjʊ.lə/ more triangular most triangular adj
triangulaire
Having a triangle as a base; as, a triangular prism, a triangular pyramid.

triangular prism triangular prisms n
prisme triangulaire
A prism with a triangular base.

triangularize v
trigonaliser
(transitive) To make triangular.

triangulate /tɹaɪˈæŋɡjəleɪt/ v
trianguler
to locate by means of triangulation

triangulation /tɹʌɪaŋɡjʊˈleɪʃn̩/ /ˌtɹaɪˌæŋɡjəˈleɪʃən/ triangulations n
triangulation
(uncountable, surveying) A technique in which distances and directions are estimated from an accurately measured baseline and the principles of trigonometry; (countable) an instance of the use of this technique.

triathlete triathletes n
triathlète
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the triathlon.

triathlon /tɹaɪˈæθlɒn/ /tɹaɪˈæθəˌlɑn/ /tɹaɪˈæθˌlɑn/ triathlons n
triathlon
An athletics event in which contestants compete in swimming, cycling and running in turn.

tribadism /ˈtɹɪbədɪz(ə)m/ n
tribadisme
(specifically) A sexual act in which two women rub their vulvas together.

tribal /ˈtɹaɪbəl/ more tribal most tribal adj
tribal
Of or relating to tribes.

tribalism /ˈtɹaɪ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ /ˈtɹɑɪ.bə.lɪ.zəm/ tribalisms n
tribalisme
The condition of being tribal.
A feeling of identity and loyalty to one's tribe.

tribe /tɹaɪb/ tribes n
tribu
A socially cohesive group of people within a society.

tribesman tribesmen n
membre de la tribu
A (usually male) member of a tribe.

triboelectricity n
triboélectricité
Static electricity produced by the triboelectric effect

tribology /tɹaɪˈbɒləd͡ʒi/ /tɹɪˈbɒləd͡ʒi/ n
tribologie
(physics, engineering) The science and engineering of interacting surfaces in relative motion; the study and application of technology using the principles of friction, lubrication and wear.

triboluminescence n
triboluminescence
The production of light by friction.

tribometer tribometers n
tribomètre
(physics) A device that measures the coefficient of friction of a surface.

tribrach /ˈtɹaɪbɹæk/ /ˈtɹɪbɹak/ /ˈtɹɪbɹæk/ /ˈtɹʌɪbɹak/ tribrachs n
tribraque
(prosody) A metrical foot consisting of three short syllables.

tribulation /ˌtɹɪbjəˈleɪ̯ʃən/ /ˌtɹɪbjʊˈleɪ̯ʃən/ tribulations n
tribulation
Any adversity; a trying period or event.

tribunal /tɹaɪˈbjunəl/ /tɹaɪˈbjuːnəl/ /tɹəˈbjunəl/ /tɹɪˈbjuːnəl/ tribunals n
tribunal
(legal) An assembly including one or more judges to conduct judicial business; a court of law.

tribunate tribunates n
tribunat
The state or office of a tribune.

tribune /tɹɪˈbjuːn/ /ˈtɹɪbjuːn/ tribunes n
tribun
(historical) An elected official in Ancient Rome, a tribune of the plebs.
(figurative) A protector of the people.
tribune
(uncommon) Synonym of pulpit, a platform, a place or opportunity to express one's opinion

tribune of the plebs tribunes of the plebs n
tribun de la plèbe

tributary /ˈtɹɪbjʊtəɹi/ tributaries n
affluent
(hydrology) A natural water stream that flows into a larger river or other body of water.

tributary state tributary states n
état tributaire états tributaires
(historical) A state that is subject to another and has to pay regular tribute to the latter as a token of submission.

tribute /ˈtɹɪbjuːt/ tributes n
tribut hommage
An acknowledgment of gratitude, respect or admiration; an accompanying gift.
tribut
A payment made by one nation to another in submission.

tricameralism n
parlement tricaméral
(government) The practice of having three legislative or parliamentary chambers.

tricenarian tricenarians n
trentenaire
A person in their thirties, a person aged between 30 and 39 years (inclusive).

tricennalia tricennalia tricennalias n
tricennales

tricennial adj
tricennal

triceps /ˈtɹaɪ.sɛps/ triceps tricepses n
triceps
(anatomy) Any muscle having three heads.

triceps brachii n
triceps brachial
The triceps in the upper arm.

triceratops /tɹaɪˈsɛɹətɒps/ triceratopses n
tricératops
Common name of the extinct genus Triceratops; herbivorous ceratopsids from the late Cretaceous.

trichinosis /tɹɪkəˈnoʊsɪs/ trichinoses n
trichinose
(pathology) A disease characterized by headache, chills, fever, and soreness of muscles, caused by the presence of nematodes of genus Trichinella in the intestines and muscular tissues.

trichloroethylene trichloroethylenes n
trichloroéthylène
(organic compound) the unsaturated chlorinated hydrocarbon C(Cl)2=CHCl used as an industrial solvent

trichlorofluoromethane n
trichlorofluorométhane
(chemistry) A chlorofluorocarbon, CFCl3, formerly used as a refrigerant but retired because of harmful effects on the ozone layer.

trichloromethane trichloromethanes n
trichlorométhane
chloroform

trichobezoar /ˌtɹɪkəˈbiːzɔɹ/ trichobezoars n
trichobézoard
A bezoar composed of hair.

trichology /tɹʌɪˈkɒləd͡ʒi/ n
trichologie
The science or study of hair.

trichomoniasis trichomoniases n
trichomonase
(disease) A common sexually transmitted disease caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis and infecting the urinary tract or vagina.

trichotillomania n
trichotillomanie TTM
A medical disorder where someone compulsively pulls their own hair out.

trichotomy /tɹaɪˈkɑt.ə.mi/ /tɹaɪˈkɒt.ə.mi/ trichotomies n
trichotomie
Division or separation into three groups or pieces.

trick /tɹɪk/ [tʃɹ̠̊ɪk] [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪk] tricks n
tour
Something designed to fool or swindle.
A single element of a magician's (or any variety entertainer's) act; a magic trick.
astuce truc
An effective, clever or quick way of doing something.
pli
Mischievous or annoying behavior; a prank.
levée pli
(card games) A sequence in which each player plays a card and a winning play is determined.
quart
(nautical) A sailor's spell of work at the helm, usually two hours long.

trick /tɹɪk/ [tʃɹ̠̊ɪk] [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪk] v
duper embobiner rouler tromper
(transitive) To fool; to cause to believe something untrue; to deceive.

trick of the trade tricks of the trade n
ficelles du métier
(idiomatic, mostly, in the plural) A shortcut or other quick, or very effective way of doing things, that professional workers learn from experience.

trick or treat interjection
farce ou friandise bonbon ou bâton des bonbons ou un sort
Give us a treat. A form of light-hearted extortion by which children get candy on Halloween.

trick question trick questions n
question piège
A question that tries to make someone answer in a certain way, usually incorrectly (i.e. that seems to have an obvious answer that is however incorrect), or that doesn't have a correct answer or that hides the real question or some difficulty. Usually a loaded question.
(rare) A complex question, whose wording hinders the ability to answer it correctly.

trickery /tɹɪ.kə.ɹi/ trickeries n
magouillage tricherie
(uncountable) Deception or underhanded behavior.

trickle /ˈtɹɪkəl/ trickles n
filet
A very thin river.
dégoulinade
A very thin flow; the act of trickling.

trickle /ˈtɹɪkəl/ v
verser goutte à goutte
(transitive) to pour a liquid in a very thin stream, or so that drops fall continuously.
ruisseler dégouliner
(intransitive) to flow in a very thin stream or drop continuously.

trickle-down adj
ruissellement
(economics) Describing the theory that financial benefits given to the wealthy will somehow be passed down to the poor.

trickster tricksters n
filou tricheur
One who performs tricks (parts of a magician' act or entertaining difficult physical actions).
A fraud (person who performs a trick for the purpose of unlawful gain).

tricky /ˈtɹɪk.i/ trickier trickiest adj
complexe compliqué délicat épineux
Hard to deal with, complicated.
malin retors rusé
Adept at using deception.

triclinic adj
triclinique
(crystallography) Having three unequal axes all intersecting at oblique angles.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ adj
tricolore trichromate
Having three colours.

tricolour /ˈtraɪˌkʌlə/ /ˈtraɪˌkʌlɚ/ /ˈtrɪkələ, -lɔː/ tricolours n
tricolore
A flag consisting of three stripes that are either vertical or horizontal; all of equal size, and of a different colour each.

tricot /ˈtɹikoʊ/ tricots n
tricot
A soft knit fabric.

tricycle /ˈtɹaɪsɪkəl/ /ˈtɹaɪˌsɪkəl/ tricycles n
tricycle
A cycle with three wheels, powered by pedals and usually intended for young children.

tricyclist tricyclists n
tricycliste
A person who rides a tricycle.

tridecagon tridecagons n
tridécagone
A polygon having thirteen sides and thirteen angles.

trident /ˈtɹaɪ̯dənt/ tridents n
trident
A three-pronged spear somewhat resembling a pitchfork.

tridermic adj
tridermique
Relating to the three germ layers of the embryo: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

triduum /ˈtraɪ.dju.əm/ /ˈtɹɪ.dju.əm/ tridua triduums n
triduum
A period of three days (especially in Roman Catholic liturgy).

triennial /tɹaɪˈɛniəl/ adj
triennal
Happening every three years.
Lasting for three years.

triennium /traɪˈɛniəm/ /trʌɪˈɛnɪəm/ triennia trienniums n
triennal
A period of three years.

trifecta /tɹaɪˈfɛktə/ trifectas n
tiercé
(US, Australia, New Zealand) A bet in which the bettor must select the first three placegetters of a race in the order in which they finish.

triffid /ˈtɹɪfɪd/ triffids n
triffide
A fictional plant, able to move around and kill people with a poisonous stinger

trifle /ˈtɹaɪfəl/ trifles n
bagatelle
(cooking) An English dessert made from a mixture of thick custard, fruit, sponge cake, jelly and whipped cream.
babiole bricole broutille
(figurative) Anything that is of little importance or worth.
vétille broutille
An insignificant amount of money.

trifling /ˈtɹaɪfliŋ/ more trifling most trifling adj
futile
Trivial, or of little importance.

triforce triforces n
triforce
A shape composed of three equilateral triangles arranged in such a manner that a fourth triangle of identical size, but pointing the opposite direction, could fit between them.

triforium /tɹaɪ̯ˈfɔːɹɪəm/ triforia triforiums n
triforium
(architecture) The gallery of arches above the side-aisle vaulting in the nave of a church.

trig /tɹɪɡ/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪɡ] trigs n
trigo
(surveying, countable, informal) A trig point.

trigeminal nerve trigeminal nerves n
nerf trijumeau
(neuroanatomy) Each of the fifth and largest pair of cranial nerves responsible for sensation and motor function in the face and mouth.

trigeminal neuralgia n
névralgie du trijumeau
A neuropathic disorder of one or both of trigeminal nerves leading to intense pain in parts of the face.

trigger /ˈtɹɪɡə/ /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ triggers n
déclenchement
détente gâchette
(firearms) A finger-operated lever used to fire a gun.
actionneur
A similar device used to activate any mechanism.
activateur
An event that initiates others, or incites a response.

trigger /ˈtɹɪɡə/ /ˈtɹɪɡɚ/ v
déclencher
(transitive) To initiate something.
être évocateur ; déchaîner
(transitive, figurative) To spark a response, especially a negative emotional response, in (someone).

trigger guard trigger guards n
pontet
A thin loop surrounding the trigger of a weapon to keep it from accidental discharge.

trigger point trigger points n
déclencheur
An event, arrangement, provocation, etc. that leads a certain, generally violent or angered, action to be taken.
point-détente point-gâchette
A hyperirritable spot in the skeletal muscle; a point in tender muscle that tends to elicit pain upon pressure or touch. Wp

trigger warning trigger warnings n
avertissement au public mise en garde
A notice placed before the beginning of media content (usually an online article, e-mail, or post) to warn of potential traumatic triggers it contains.

trigger-happy more trigger-happy most trigger-happy adj
folle de la gâchette fou de la gâchette gâchette facile malade de la gâchette
Having a tendency or desire to shoot a firearm irresponsibly before adequately identifying the target.
impulsif
(by extension) Inclined to behave recklessly or violently at the slightest provocation.

triggerfish triggerfish triggerfishes n
baliste
Any of several brightly coloured fish, of the family Balistidae, that inhabit tropical reefs and have an erectile spine on the dorsal fin.

trigintillion numeral
quindécilliard
(rare; US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1093.
(rare; dated British & Australian, long scale) 10180.

triglyceride /tɹaɪˈɡlɪsəɹaɪd/ triglycerides n
triglycéride

trigonometric /ˌtɹɪɡ ə nəˈmɛ tɹɪk/ adj
trigonométrique
(mathematics) of, relating to, or constructed using trigonometry

trigonometric function trigonometric functions n
fonction trigonométrique
(trigonometry) Any function of an angle expressible as the ratio of two of the sides of a right triangle that has that angle (e.g., sine), or that subtracts 1 from such a ratio or subtracts such a ratio from 1 (e.g., coversed sine).

trigonometric identity trigonometric identities n
identité trigonométrique

trigonometry /ˌtɹɪɡəˈnɒmətɹi/ trigonometries n
trigonométrie
(geometry, analysis) The branch of mathematics that deals with the relationships between the sides and angles of (in particular) right-angled triangles, as represented by the trigonometric functions, and with calculations based on said relationships.

trigraph trigraphs n
trigramme
(linguistics) A specific sequence of three letters, especially one used collectively to represent a single phoneme.

trihedron trihedra trihedrons n
trièdre
(mathematics) A geometric figure composed of three planes meeting at a single vertex.

trijunction trijunctions n
trijonction
A junction where three things meet.

trilemma /tɹaɪˈlɛmə/ trilemmas n
trilemme
A circumstance in which a choice must be made between three options that seem equally undesirable.

trilingual more trilingual most trilingual adj
trilingue
Able to read or speak three languages.
Expressed or written in three languages.

trilingualism n
trilinguisme
The condition of being trilingual; the ability to speak three languages.

trill /tɹɪl/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪl] trills n
trille
(music) A rapid alternation between an indicated note and the one above it as an ornament; in musical notation usually indicated with the letters tr written above the staff.
trille consonne roulée
(phonetics) A type of consonantal sound that is produced by vibrations of the tongue against the place of articulation: for example, Spanish ⟨rr⟩, /r/.

trill /tɹɪl/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪl] v
triller
(intransitive) To create a trill sound; to utter trills or a trill; to play or sing in tremulous vibrations of sound; to have a trembling sound; to quaver.

trilliard trilliards numeral
trilliard
(UK, Australia, dated, rare) One thousand long scale trillions, or one short scale sextillion; equal to 1021 (1 followed by twenty-one 0s).

trillion /ˈtɹɪljən/ trillions numeral
billion trillion mille milliards
(dated, _, British, Australian, long scale) A million million million: 1 followed by eighteen zeros, 1018.

trilobite /ˈtɹaɪ.ləˌbaɪt/ trilobites n
trilobite
An extinct arthropod of the class Trilobita, whose body had three large lobes.

trilogy /ˈtɹɪləd͡ʒi/ trilogies n
trilogie
A set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works. They are commonly found in literature, film, or video games.

trim /tɹɪm/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪm] trims n
compensation
(uncountable, aviation, of, an aircraft) The state of adjustment of control surfaces such that the desired attitude can be maintained without requiring the continuous application of force to the cockpit controls.
assiette compensateur
(nautical) The fore-and-aft angle of the vessel to the water, with reference to the cargo and ballast; the manner in which a vessel floats on the water, whether on an even keel or down by the head or stern.

trim /tɹɪm/ [t̠ʰɹ̠̊ɪm] v
tailler
(transitive) To reduce slightly; to cut; especially, to remove excess.
compenser
(transitive, aviation, of an aircraft) To adjust the positions of control surfaces, sometimes using trim tabs, so as to modify or eliminate the aircraft's tendency to pitch, roll, or yaw when the cockpit controls are released.

trim one's sails v
réduire la voilure
(figurative, by extension) To adapt to changing circumstances, especially if it involves scaling back one's ambitions; to make cutbacks.

trimaran trimarans n
trimaran
A type of boat with three parallel hulls.

trimester /tɹ(a)ɪˈmɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /tɹaɪˈmɛs.təɹ/ /ˈtɹ(a)ɪ.mɛs.tə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɹaɪ.mɛs.təɹ/ trimesters n
trimestre
A period of three months or about three months; (financial): quarter.

trimethylamine trimethylamines n
triméthylamine
(organic compound) The tertiary amine (CH3)3N; a colourless gas with a fishy smell that is a product of animal and vegetable decomposition.

trimethylarsine n
triméthylarsine
(organic compound) The compound (CH3)3As

trimillennial adj
trimillénaire
Occurring every three thousand years

trimotor adj
trimoteur
That has three motors, especially an aircraft with three piston engines.

trimotor trimotors n
trimoteur
An aircraft with three piston motors.

trinitarianism trinitarianisms n
trinitarisme
(theology) The monotheistic Christian doctrine that defines God as three divine persons or hypostases: the Father, the Son (Jesus Christ), and the Holy Spirit.

trinitrotoluene trinitrotoluenes n
trinitrotoluène
A highly explosive yellow crystalline substance, (CH3C6H2(NO2)3), obtained by reacting nitric acid with toluene

trinity /ˈtɹɪnɪti/ trinities n
trinité triade
A group or set of three people or things; three things combined into one.

trinket /ˈtɹɪŋkət/ /ˈtɹɪŋkɪt/ trinkets n
bibelot breloque colifichet
A small showy ornament or piece of jewelry
babiole bricole broutille
A thing of little value; a trifle; a toy.

trinomial trinomials n
trinôme
(algebra) An expression consisting of three terms.

trio /ˈtɹi.əʊ/ /ˈtɹioʊ/ trios n
trio
A group of three musicians.
(music) A piece of music written for three musicians.
(music) A passage in the middle of a minuet, frequently in a different key.

triode triodes n
triode
A thermionic valve containing an anode, a cathode, and a control grid; small changes to the charge on the grid control the flow from cathode to anode, which makes amplification possible.

triose trioses n
triose
(carbohydrate) A sugar or saccharide containing three carbon atoms. Trioses are the smallest monosaccharides. Dihydroxyacetone and L-/D-glyceraldehyde are the only trioses.

trip /tɹɪp/ [tʰɹɪpʰ] trips n
voyage balade tour
A journey; an excursion or jaunt.
faux pas
A stumble or misstep.
trip
(colloquial) A period of time in which one experiences drug-induced reverie or hallucinations.
bévue faux pas
A faux pas, a social error.
croc-en-jambe croche-pied
The act of tripping someone, or causing them to lose their footing.

trip /tɹɪp/ [tʰɹɪpʰ] v
trébucher enfarger se prendre les pieds
(intransitive) To fall over or stumble over an object as a result of striking it with one's foot
faire un croche-pied
(transitive, obsolete) To detect in a misstep; to catch; to convict.
triper
(intransitive) To experience a state of reverie or to hallucinate, due to consuming psychoactive drugs.

trip up v
se tromper
(intransitive) To commit an error, make a mistake.
arnaquer duper tromper
(transitive) To cause (someone) to commit an error, trick into a mistake.

tripartite /tɹaɪˈpɑɹtaɪt/ /tɹaɪˈpɑːtaɪt/ adj
triparti

tripe /tɹaɪp/ tripes n
tripes
The lining of the large stomach of ruminating animals, when prepared for food.
tripe
(chiefly, in plural) The entrails; hence, humorously or in contempt, the belly.
bêtise
(figurative, derogatory) Something foolish or valueless, especially written works and popular entertainment (movies, television).

tripeptide tripeptides n
tripeptide
(chemistry) An organic compound formed from three amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

triphthong /ˈtɹɪfˌθɑŋ/ /ˈtɹɪfˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈtɹɪfˌθɔŋ/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɑŋ/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɒŋ(ɡ)/ /ˈtɹɪpˌθɔŋ/ triphthongs n
triphtongue
A monosyllabic vowel combination usually involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another that passes over a third one.

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ adj
triple
Made up of three related elements, often matching
Of three times the quantity.
Having three aspects.
(music) Of time, three times as fast as very fast.
pour trois triple
Designed for three users.

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ triples n
triple
(informal) A drink with three portions of alcohol.
(baseball) A three-base hit.
(mathematics, computing) A sequence of three elements or 3-tuple.

triple /ˈtɹɪp.l̩/ /ˈtɹɪpəl/ v
tripler
To multiply by three.
To become three times as large.

triple goddess triple goddesses n
déesse triple
(mythology) A female triune deity, either one goddess with three distinct aspects/manifestations, or three goddesses who form a unit.

triple harp triple harps n
harpe triple
(musical instrument) A type of multi-course harp employing three parallel rows of strings instead of the more common single row, a common version being the Welsh triple harp used in Welsh folk music.

triple jump n
triple saut
An athletics field event where one has to travel as far as possible after taking one hop, a step, then a jump.

triple jumper triple jumpers n
triple sauteur
(athletics) An athlete who competes in the triple jump.

triple play triple plays n
triple jeu
(baseball) A defensive play in which three outs are recorded.

triple point triple points n
point triple
(physics) The unique temperature and pressure at which the solid, liquid and gas phases of a substance are all in equilibrium.

triple sec triple secs n
triple sec
Any of several triple-distilled liqueurs flavoured with fruit e.g. Curaçao, Cointreau, and Grand Marnier.
A branded liqueur from Curaçao flavoured with orange peel.

triplet /ˈtɹɪ.pə.lɛt/ /ˈtɹɪplət/ triplets n
triolet
(music) A group of three notes played or written where two notes would ordinarily be; a form of tuplet.
triplet
One of a group of three, particularly
triplé
One of a group of three siblings born at the same time to the same mother.

triplicity /tɹɪˈplɪsɪti/ triplicities n
triplicité
The quality or state of being triple or threefold; trebleness.

triploblastic adj
triploblastique
Exhibiting triploblasty

triploid adj
triploïde
(genetics) Having three sets of chromosomes.

tripod /ˈtɹaɪpɑd/ /ˈtɹaɪpɒd/ tripods n
trépied
A three-legged stand or mount.

tripolar adj
tripolaire
(physics) Having three poles.

triptote /ˈtɹɪptoʊt/ triptotes n
triptote
(grammar) A noun which has three cases.

triptych /ˈtɹɪptɪk/ triptychs n
triptyque
(arts) A picture or series of pictures painted on three tablets connected by hinges.

tripwire tripwires n
fil de détente
A cord or wire arranged so that when snagged or pulled by an intruder, it will trigger a detector or trap or a device, such as a land mine.

triquetra /tɹaɪˈkwɛtɹə/ triquetrae triquetras n
triquetra
A shape formed of three vesicae piscium, sometimes with an additional circle, a symbol of things and persons that are threefold (including the Christian Trinity), and a symbol of protection in Wicca.

trireme /ˈtɹaɪ.ɹiːm/ triremes n
trirème
(history, nautical, archaic) A galley with three banks of oars, one above the other, used mainly as a warship.

triskaidekaphobia /ˌtɹɪskaɪdɛkəˈfəʊbi.ə/ n
triskaidékaphobie
Fear or dislike of the number thirteen (13).

triskeles triskeles n
triskèle
A symbol consisting of three spirals, or three bent human legs.

triskelion /trɑɪ.ˈskɛ.li.ən/ /trɪ.ˈskɛ.li.ən/ triskelia triskelions n
triskèle
A figure composed of three interlocked spirals (or three bent human legs), with threefold rotational symmetry.

trisomic adj
trisomique
(genetics) Having three copies of a given chromosome in each somatic cell instead of the usual number of two

trisomy /ˈtɹʌɪ.sə(ʊ)mi/ trisomies n
trisomie
(cytology) The presence of three copies, instead of the normal two, of a particular chromosome of an organism.

trisomy 21 n
trisomie 21
The presence of three copies of the 21st chromosome in the karyotype.

tristetrahedral adj
tri-tétraédrique

tritagonist tritagonists n
tritagoniste
In Greek drama, the actor who played the third role (after the protagonist and deuteragonist)

trite /tɹaɪt/ triter tritest adj
banal trivial éculé
Often in reference to a word or phrase: used so many times that it is commonplace, or no longer interesting or effective; worn out, hackneyed.

tritheism tritheisms n
trithéisme
A belief in three gods, especially the nontrinitarian doctrine that God the Son, God the Father, and the Holy Spirit are separate gods which is condemned as heresy by most Christian denominations.

triton tritons n
triton
(particle) the nucleus of a tritium atom, consisting of a proton and two neutrons
Any of several marine gastropods of the family Ranellidae, which have a pointed spiral shell.

tritone /ˈtɹaɪˌtoʊn/ /ˈtɹaɪˌtəʊ̯n/ [ˈt̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪˌtʰoʊ̯n] [ˈt̠͡ʃɹ̠̊˔ʷäɪˌtʰoʊ̯n] tritones n
triton
(music) An interval of three whole tones.

triturable adj
triturable

triumph /ˈtɹaɪ.əmf/ /ˈtɹaɪ.ʌmf/ triumphs n
triomphe
A conclusive success following an effort, conflict, or confrontation of obstacles; victory; conquest.
A magnificent and imposing ceremonial performed in honor of a victor.
A state of joy or exultation at success.

triumph /ˈtɹaɪ.əmf/ /ˈtɹaɪ.ʌmf/ v
triompher
To celebrate victory with pomp; to rejoice over success; to exult in an advantage gained; to exhibit exultation.
To prevail over rivals, challenges, or difficulties.

triumphal /tɹaɪˈʌmfəl/ more triumphal most triumphal adj
triomphal
Of, relating to, or being a triumph.
de triomphe triomphal
That celebrates or commemorates a triumph or victory.

triumphal arch triumphal arches n
arc de triomphe
A monumental arch that commemorates a victory.

triumphalism triumphalisms n
triomphalisme
The attitude or belief that a particular doctrine, culture, or social system, particularly a religious or political one, is superior and that it will or should triumph over all others.

triumphalist more triumphalist most triumphalist adj
triomphaliste
Proud of one's belief or culture, and having a feeling of superiority.

triumphant /tɹaɪˈʌmfənt/ more triumphant most triumphant adj
triomphal
Celebrating victory.

triumvirate /tɹaɪ.ˈʌm.vəɹ.ɪt/ triumvirates n
triumvirat troïka
An official group of three people, especially a ruling council of three men and particularly (historical) two such councils in Roman history.

triunity /tɹaɪˈjuːnɪti/ triunities n
tri-unité triunité
The fact or state of being three in one (usually with reference to the Christian idea of the Trinity).

trivet /ˈtɹɪ.vɪt/ trivets n
trépied
A stand with three short legs, especially for cooking over a fire.
dessous-de-plat
A stand, sometimes with short, stumpy feet, used to support hot dishes and protect a table; a coaster.

trivia /ˈtɹɪvi.ə/ trivia trivias n
bagatelle fadaise
Insignificant trifles of little importance, especially items of unimportant information.

trivial /ˈtɹɪv.i.əl/ more trivial most trivial adj
trivial anodin
Ignorable; of little significance or value.
banal trivial
Commonplace, ordinary.
trivial
(mathematics) Of, relating to, or being the simplest possible case.
(mathematics) Self-evident.

triviality /ˌtɹɪviˈæləti/ trivialities n
trivialité
The quality of being trivial or unimportant.

troak /tɹoʊk/ /tɹəʊk/ v
troquer
(Scotland) To barter or trade, especially outside a government monopoly.

troat /tɹəʊt/ troats n
brame
The cry of a deer.

troat /tɹəʊt/ v
bramer
To make the cry of a deer.

trocar /ˈtɹəʊkɑː(ɹ)/ trocars n
trocart
A pointed hollow cylindrical device used to make small incisions and surgically insert cannulas, etc., into body cavities, or to aspirate fluids.

trochaic /tɹoʊˈkeɪ.ɪk/ adj
trochaïque
Composed of or relating to trochees, feet of one stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.

trochanter trochanters n
trochanter
(anatomy) In vertebrates with legs, the end of the femur near the hip joint, not including the head or neck.
In some arthropods, the second segment of the leg, between the coxa and the femur.

trochee /ˈtɹəʊki/ trochees n
trochée
A metrical foot in verse consisting of a stressed or heavy syllable followed by an unstressed or light syllable.

trodden /ˈtɹɑdən/ more trodden most trodden adj
piétiné piétinée
crushed by being walked on.

troglodyte /ˈtɹɒɡlədaɪt/ /ˈtɹɒɡləʊdaɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɑɡloʊdaɪt/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɑɡlədaɪt/ troglodytes n
troglodyte
A member of a supposed prehistoric race that lived in caves or holes, a caveman.
(by extension) Anything that lives underground.
A reclusive, reactionary or out-of-date person, especially if brutish.

trogon /ˈtɹəʊɡɒn/ trogons n
trogon
A bird of a species in the family Trogonidae, most of which live in Central and South America, have colorful feathers, and nest in holes in trees.

troika /ˈtɹɔɪ.kə/ troikas troiki n
troïka
A Russian carriage drawn by a team of three horses abreast.

trojan /ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/ /ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/ adj
troyen
(astronomy) Describing a satellite (moon or minor planet) that shares an orbit with another

trojan /ˈtɹoʊd͡ʒən/ /ˈtɹəʊd͡ʒən/ trojans n
cheval de Troie trojan
(computing) Malware that appears to perform or actually performs a desired task for a user while performing a harmful task without the user's knowledge or consent.

troll /tɹoʊl/ /tɹɑl/ /tɹɒl/ /tɹəʊl/ trolls n
troll
Originally (Scandinavia, mythology) , a giant supernatural being; now (European folklore, fantasy) , a grotesque humanoid creature living in caves or hills or under bridges. [from early 17th c.]
(figurative, originally, Internet slang) A person who makes or posts inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure others into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment or to manipulate their perception, especially in an online community or discussion; also, such a statement. [from late 20th c.]
(by extension, politics) A person who sows discord, or spreads misinformation or propaganda, in order to promote an agenda as part of an organized political campaign.

troll /tɹoʊl/ /tɹɑl/ /tɹɒl/ /tɹəʊl/ v
troller
(figurative, originally, Internet slang) To make or post inflammatory or insincere statements in an attempt to lure (someone) into combative argument for purposes of personal entertainment or to manipulate their perception, especially in an online community or discussion; also, to post such statements on (an online location, such as a social media website). [from late 20th c.]

trolley trolleys trollies n
perche trolley
A trolley pole; a single-pole device for collecting electrical current from an overhead electrical line, normally for a tram/streetcar or a trolleybus.

trolley bus trolley buses trolley busses n
trolleybus
A bus, powered via overhead electric cables, that does not run on tracks.

trolling /tɹoʊlɪŋ/ /tɹɒlɪŋ/ /tɹəʊlɪŋ/ trollings n
pêche à la traîne trollage
A fishing technique in which one or more baited fishing lines are dragged by a moving boat. Not to be confused with trawling, which drags a net#Noun.

trollop /ˈtɹɒl.əp/ trollops n
roulure traînée garce morue putain pute
(derogatory) A strumpet; a whore.

trombone /tɹəmˈboʊn/ /tɹəmˈbəʊn/ /ˌtɹɑmˈboʊn/ /ˌtɹɒmˈbəʊn/ trombones tromboni n
trombone
A musical instrument in the brass family, having a cylindrical bore, and usually a sliding tube (but sometimes piston valves, and rarely both). Most often refers to the tenor trombone, which is the most common type of trombone and has a fundamental tone of B♭ˌ (contra B♭).

trombonist /tɹɑmˈboʊ.nɪst/ /tɹɒmˈbəʊ.nɪst/ trombonists n
tromboniste
A person who plays the trombone.

trompe l'oeil /-ˈleɪ/ /ˈtɹɔmp ˈlɔɪ/ /ˈtɹɔ̃p ˈlœj/ trompe l’oeil trompe l’oeils n
trompe-l'œil
(uncountable) A genre of painting that exploits human vision to create the illusion that the subject of the painting is real.
(countable) A painting of this kind.

troop /tɹup/ /tɹuːp/ troops n
troupe
(mostly, in the plural) A group of soldiers; military forces.
(nonstandard) An individual soldier or member of a military force.

trooper /ˈtɹuːpə(ɹ)/ troopers n
troupier
(military) A soldier.

troops /tɹuːps/ n
troupes
military personnel in uniform

troopship troopships n
navire de transport de troupes transport de troupes
A ship used to transport military troops.

tropane tropanes n
tropane

trope /tɹoʊp/ /tɹəʊp/ [tɹ̥əʊp] tropes n
motif
(art, literature) Something recurring across a genre or type of art or literature; a motif.
trope expression figurative
(rhetoric) A figure of speech in which words or phrases are used with a nonliteral or figurative meaning, such as a metaphor.

trophic level trophic levels n
niveau trophique
(ecology) A particular position occupied by a group of organisms in a food chain.

trophy /ˈtɹoʊfi/ /ˈtɹəʊfi/ trophies n
trophée
An object, usually in the form of a statuette, cup, or shield, awarded for success in a competition or to mark a special achievement.

trophy wife trophy wives n
potiche
(derogatory) A wife, usually young and attractive, regarded as a status symbol for the husband, usually older and affluent.

tropic /ˈtɹɒpɪk/ tropics n
tropique
Either of the two parallels of latitude 23°27′ north and south of the equator; the farthest points at which the sun can be directly overhead; the boundaries of the torrid zone or tropics.

tropical /ˈtɹoʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɑ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈtɹəʊ.pɪ.kəl/ /ˈt͡ʃɹɒp.ɪ.kəl/ more tropical most tropical adj
tropical
From, or similar to, a hot, humid climate.
(dated) Pertaining to, involving, or of the nature of a trope or tropes; figurative, metaphorical.

tropical cyclone tropical cyclones n
cyclone tropical
(in the broad sense) a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and a circular/spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain, ranging in increasing strength from tropical depressions and tropical storm to hurricanes.
(in the narrow sense) typhoon, hurricane

tropical geometry n
géométrie tropicale
(mathematics) A recent branch of geometry that can be described as a piecewise linear version of real algebraic geometry.

tropical rainforest tropical rainforests n
forêt tropicale humide
A forest with high rate of precipitation and high humidity, usually located near the equator.

tropical storm tropical storms n
cyclone tropical
A cyclone within the tropics, typically having its thunderclouds organized in a spiral shape with wind speeds on the surface between about 30 and 75 miles (60–120 km) per hour.

tropicalization tropicalizations n
tropicalisation

tropicbird /ˈtɹɒ.pɪkˌbɜɹd/ tropicbirds n
paille-en-queue phaéton

tropics n
tropique
(geography) The region of the Earth centred on the equator and lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and characterized by a hot climate.

tropism /ˈtɹoʊˌpɪzəm/ /ˈtɹəʊpɪz(ə)m/ tropisms n
tropisme
(uncountable, biology) The turning of an organism (chiefly a plant) or part of an organism either towards or away from a stimulus; (countable) an instance of this.

troponin troponins n
troponine
(protein, medicine) A complex of three regulatory proteins that is integral to muscle contraction in skeletal and cardiac muscle, or any member of this complex. The level of troponin in the blood is often used as an indicator of heart damage.

troponym troponyms n
troponyme
(grammar) A verb that indicates more precisely the manner of doing something by replacing a verb of a more generalized meaning.

tropopause tropopauses n
tropopause
The zone of transition between the troposphere and the stratosphere (approximately 13 kilometers). The tropopause normally occurs at an altitude of between 25,000 and 45,000 feet in polar and temperate zones. It occurs at 55,000 feet in the tropics.

troposphere tropospheres n
troposphère
The lower levels of the atmosphere extending from the surface of the Earth or another celestial body up to the tropopause. It is characterized by convective air movements and a large vertical temperature change.

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ trots n
trot
(chiefly, of horses) A gait of a four-legged animal between walk and canter, a diagonal gait (in which diagonally opposite pairs of legs move together).

trot /tɹɑt/ /tɹɒt/ v
trotter
(intransitive) To move along briskly; specifically, to move at a pace between a walk and a run.
(intransitive, of a horse) To move at a gait between a walk and a canter.

troubadour troubadours n
troubadour troubadouresse trobairitz trouvère
An itinerant composer and performer of songs in medieval Europe; a jongleur or travelling minstrel.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ troubles n
souci
peine
A distressing or dangerous situation.
problème emmerde mal
A difficulty, problem, condition, or action contributing to such a situation.
troubles
A violent occurrence or event.

trouble /ˈtɹə-/ /ˈtɹʌb(ə)l/ v
déranger embêter troubler
(transitive) To mentally distress; to cause (someone) to be anxious or perplexed.

trouble in paradise troubles in paradise n
y avoir de l'eau dans le gaz
(idiomatic) An unexpected problem in a supposedly positive situation, especially in a marital or romantic relationship.

troublemaker troublemakers n
trublion perturbateur fauteur de troubles
One who causes trouble, especially one who does so deliberately.

troubleshooting n
dépannage
The identification and resolution of problems, especially problems of a technical nature.

troublesome /ˈtɹʌbl̩səm/ /ˈtɹʌbəlsəm/ more troublesome most troublesome adj
gênant troublant
Causing trouble or anxiety

trough /tɹɑf/ /tɹɑθ/ /tɹɒf/ /tɹɔf/ /tɹɔθ/ troughs n
auge abreuvoir
A long, narrow container, open on top, for feeding or watering animals.
gouttière
(Canada) A gutter under the eaves of a building; an eaves trough.
creux
A long, narrow depression between waves or ridges; the low portion of a wave cycle.
thalweg
(meteorology) A linear atmospheric depression associated with a weather front.

trounce /tɹaʊns/ v
battre rosser
(transitive) To beat severely; to thrash.
pulvériser écraser
(transitive) To beat or overcome thoroughly, to defeat heavily; especially (games, sports) to win against (someone) by a wide margin.

troupe /tɹuːp/ troupes n
troupe
A company of, often touring, actors, singers or dancers.

trouper /ˈtɹuːpə(ɹ)/ troupers n
acteur actrice
A member of a theatrical company (a troupe).

trouser leg trouser legs n
jambe de pantalon

trout /tɹaʊt/ /tɹʌʊt/ trout trouts n
truite
Any of several species of fish in Salmonidae, closely related to salmon, and distinguished by spawning more than once.

troutlet troutlet troutlets n
truitelle
A young trout.

troutling troutlings n
truitelle
A young trout.

trouvère trouvères n
trouvère
A medieval lyric poet using the Northern langue d’oïl (precursor dialects of modern French), as opposed to their older, southern example, the original troubadours, who used langue d’oc (Occitan)

trowel /ˈtɹaʊ.əl/ trowels n
truelle
A mason’s tool, used in spreading and dressing mortar, and breaking bricks to shape them.
transplantoir déplantoir
A gardener’s tool, shaped like a scoop, used in taking up plants, stirring soil etc.
gâche
A tool used for smoothing a mold.

troy ounce troy ounces n
once troy
A former unit of mass equal to 31.1035 grams, 480 troy grains, or one twelfth of a troy pound.

truancy truancies n
absentéisme
The act of shirking from responsibilities and duties, especially from attending school.

truce /tɹus/ /tɹuːs/ truces n
trêve cessez-le-feu
A period of time in which no fighting takes place due to an agreement between the opposed parties.

truck /tɹʌk/ [tɹʌk] [t͡ʃɹʌk] trucks n
camion
(countable, uncountable, US, Australia) A heavier motor vehicle designed to carry goods or to pull a semi-trailer designed to carry goods.

truck driver truck drivers n
routier camionneur chauffeur de camion
(US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand) A person employed to drive a truck, especially a tractor-trailer or other large industrial truck.

truck stop truck stops n
aire de repos
(chiefly, North America, Australia) A roadside service area, usually consisting of a restaurant and service station and sometimes a motel or hotel, where drivers of long-haul trucks can stop to refuel, eat, and rest.

truculent /ˈtɹʌkjʊlənt/ more truculent most truculent adj
agressif agressive
Cruel or savage.

trudge /tɹʌd͡ʒ/ trudges n
marcher
A tramp, i.e. a long and tiring walk.

trudge /tɹʌd͡ʒ/ v
crapahuter
(intransitive) To walk wearily with heavy, slow steps.

true /tɹjuː/ /tɹuː/ /tɹɪʊ̯/ [t̠ɹ̠̊˔ʷu̠ː] more true most true truer truest adj
vrai
(of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
(logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.
vrai véritable
Loyal, faithful.
Genuine; legitimate, valid.

true believer true believers n
vrai croyant
A strict follower of a doctrine.
One who believes dogmatically in something regardless of evidence or even conclusive proof that the thing is false or was staged; one who has true-believer syndrome.

true blue /ˈtru ˈblu/ /ˌtruː ˈbluː/ adj
très loyal
Steadfastly faithful or loyal; unwavering in loyalty; staunch, true.

true bug true bugs n
hétéroptère
Any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and in particular of the suborder Heteroptera, that are wingless or have two pairs of wings, and have mouthparts adapted for piercing and sucking.

true or false adj
vrai ou faux
Of a question or series of questions having as answers only "true" or "false"

true to life adj
grandeur nature
(of a model) Having the same dimensions as the original.
fidèle à la réalité réaliste
Realistic; natural.

truffle /ˈtɹʌf.l̩/ truffles n
truffe
Any of various edible fungi, of the genus Tuber, that grow in the soil in southern Europe; the earthnut.

truffle hog truffle hogs n
cochon truffier
A domestic pig used for extraction of truffles.

truffled adj
truffé
Provided, cooked, or stuffed with truffles

truism truisms n
truisme lapalissade
A self-evident or obvious truth.

truly /ˈtɹuːli/ more truly most truly trulier truliest adv
vraiment
(manner) In accordance with the facts; truthfully, accurately.
(modal) Honestly, genuinely, in fact, really.

trumeau /tɹuːˈməʊ/ trumeaus trumeaux n
trumeau
(architecture) The pillar or center post supporting the lintel in the middle of a doorway or window opening, especially in a church.

trump /tɹʌmp/ [t͡ʃɹʌmp] trumps n
atout
(cards) The suit, in a game of cards, that outranks all others.
(figuratively) Something that gives one an advantage, especially one held in reserve.
atout carte maîtresse
(cards) A playing card of that suit.

trump /tɹʌmp/ [t͡ʃɹʌmp] v
couper
(transitive, cards) To play on (a card of another suit) with a trump.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ trumpets n
trompette
A musical instrument of the brass family, generally tuned to the key of B-flat; by extension, any type of lip-vibrated aerophone, most often valveless and not chromatic.
trompettiste trompette
Someone who plays the trumpet; a trumpeter.
barrissement
The cry of an elephant, or any similar loud cry.
(figurative) One who praises, or propagates praise, or is the instrument of propagating it.

trumpet /ˈtɹʌmpɪt/ v
jouer de la trompette trompeter
(intransitive) To play the trumpet.
barrir baréter
(ambitransitive) Of an elephant, to make its cry.

trumpeter /ˈtɹʌmpɪtə/ /ˈtɹʌmpɪtɚ/ trumpeters n
trompettiste
Someone who plays a trumpet.
Any of three species of bird in the family Psophiidae from South America named for the trumpeting threat call of the males.
pigeon tambour
Any of a number of breeds of fancy pigeon (variety of domestic pigeon (Columba livia), originally bred for their peculiar gurgling voice, a prolonged coo called "trumpeting" or "drumming").

trumpeter finch trumpeter finches n
roselin githagine bouvreuil githagine
A species of finch, Bucanetes githagineus, known for its buzzing nasal trill

trumpeter pigeon /ˈtɹʌmpətɚ ˈpɪdʒən/ trumpeter pigeons n
pigeon tambour
Any of a number of breeds of domestic fancy pigeon, Columba livia domestica, descendants of the wild rock pigeon, Columba livia, of the family Columbidae (pigeons and doves) (originally bred for their peculiar gurgling voice, a prolonged coo called "trumpeting" or "drumming").

trumpeter swan trumpeter swans n
cygne trompette
The largest North American swan, Cygnus buccinator; they have white plumage with a long neck, a short black bill.

truncate /tɹaŋˈkæɪt/ /tɹʌŋˈkeɪt/ /ˈtɹʌŋˌkeɪt/ adj
tronqué
Truncated.

truncate /tɹaŋˈkæɪt/ /tɹʌŋˈkeɪt/ /ˈtɹʌŋˌkeɪt/ v
tronquer
(transitive) To shorten (something) by, or as if by, cutting part of it off.
(mathematics, transitive) To shorten (a decimal number) by removing trailing (or leading) digits.

truncated more truncated most truncated adj
tronqué
Deprived of one of its parts or of its end.

truncated icosahedron truncated icosahedra truncated icosahedrons n
icosaèdre tronqué
(geometry) A polyhedron that has thirty-two faces (12 regular pentagons and 20 regular hexagons) and 60 vertices and 90 edges, and is one of the Archimedean solids.

truncation truncations n
troncature
(linguistics) The act of truncating or shortening (for example, words are shortened to form blend words or portmanteaus).

truncheon /ˈtɹʌnt͡ʃən/ /ˈtɹʌnʃən/ truncheons n
matraque
A short staff, a club; a cudgel.

trundle bed trundle beds n
lit gigogne
A low bed, designed to be rolled/stored away, usually on casters, under a higher bed, e.g. for temporary use by guests.

trunk /tɹʌŋk/ [tɹʌŋk] [t͡ʃɹʌŋk] trunks n
trompe
The conspicuously extended, mobile, nose-like organ of an animal such as a sengi, a tapir or especially an elephant. The trunks of various kinds of animals might be adapted to probing and sniffing, as in the sengis, or be partly prehensile, as in the tapir, or be a versatile prehensile organ for manipulation, feeding, drinking and fighting as in the elephant.
coffre malle
A box or chest usually covered with leather, metal, or cloth, or sometimes made of leather, hide, or metal, for holding or transporting clothes or other goods.
malle valise coffre (de voiture)
(North America, automotive) The luggage storage compartment of a sedan/saloon-style car.
tronc
(software engineering) In software projects under source control: the most current source tree, from which the latest unstable builds (so-called "trunk builds") are compiled.

truscum /ˈtɹuːskʌm/ truscum n
truscum

truss /tɹʌs/ trusses n
bandage herniaire
A bandage and belt used to hold a hernia in place.
treillis
(botany) A tuft of flowers or cluster of fruits formed at the top of the main stem of certain plants.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] trusts n
confiance
Confidence in or reliance on some person or quality.
trust
A group of businessmen or traders organised for mutual benefit to produce and distribute specific commodities or services, and managed by a central body of trustees.

trust /tɹʊst/ /tɹʌst/ [tɹɐst] [tɹʌst] [t͡ʃɹ-] v
faire confiance
(transitive) To place confidence in, to rely on, to confide in.
(intransitive) To have trust; to be credulous; to be won to confidence; to confide.
avoir foi en quelqu’un faire confiance
(transitive) To give credence to; to believe; to credit.

trust, but verify phraseologicalUnit
faites confiance, mais vérifiez

trustee /tɹʌsˈtiː/ trustees n
fiduciaire mandataire social
(trust law) A person to whom property is legally committed in trust, to be applied either for the benefit of specified individuals (beneficiaries), or for public uses; one who is intrusted with property for the benefit of another.

trustful more trustful most trustful adj
confiant
Trusting; willing to trust.

trustworthiness /ˈtɹʌst.wɜɹ.ði.nɛs/ n
confiance fiabilité
The state or quality of being trustworthy or reliable.

trustworthy /ˈtɹʌst.wɜɹ.ði/ more trustworthy most trustworthy trustworthier trustworthiest adj
fiable de confiance digne de confiance digne de foi
Deserving of trust, reliable.

trusty /ˈtɹʌsti/ trustier trustiest adj
bon vieux fiable fidèle
Reliable or trustworthy.

truth /tɹuːθ/ truths n
vérité
True facts, genuine depiction or statements of reality.
Conformity to fact or reality; correctness, accuracy.
The state or quality of being true to someone or something.
That which is real, in a deeper sense; spiritual or ‘genuine’ reality.
(countable) Something acknowledged to be true; a true statement or axiom.

truth be told interjection
pour être honnête
(idiomatic) Used when admitting something one might otherwise lie about, e.g. to keep up appearances or be polite.

truth or dare n
action ou vérité
(games) A game where players take it in turn to perform a dare set by the other players, or truthfully answer a question put forth by them.

truth quark truth quarks n
quark truth quark vérité
(physics, dated) Synonym of top quark.

truth serum truth sera truth serums n
sérum de vérité
(informal, medicine) A psychoactive medication, especially one administered by injection, which supposedly renders a person cooperative and disposed to respond honestly to questions.

truth table truth tables n
table de vérité
(logic) A table showing all possible truth values for an expression, derived from the truth values of its components.

truth value truth values n
valeur de vérité
(logic) A value indicating to what extent a statement is true; in classical logic, these are the values "true" and "false".

truthful /ˈtɹuːθ.f(ə)l/ more truthful most truthful adj
sincère
Honest, and always telling the truth.

truthfulness /ˈtɹuθfəlnəs/ truthfulnesses n
véracité
The quality of being truthful

truthiness /ˈtɹuːθinəs/ n
fausse vérité
(US, colloquial) Superficial or asserted truthfulness, without recourse to evidence. [from 21st c.]

trutrans more trutrans most trutrans adj
truttans

trutrans trutranses n
trutrans

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] tries n
dégustation
tentative essai
An attempt.
essai
(rugby) A score in rugby league and rugby union, analogous to a touchdown in American football.

try /tɹaɪ/ [tɹ̝̊aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔aɪ̯] [t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ʷaɪ̯] [t͡ʃɹaɪ̯] v
essayer tenter tester goûter s'efforcer traduire en justice
To prove by experiment; to apply a test to, for the purpose of determining the quality; to examine; to prove; to test.
essayer tenter traduire en justice tâcher
To settle; to decide; to determine; specifically, to decide by an appeal to arms.

try on v
essayer
(transitive) To test the look or fit of (a garment) by wearing it.

try one's hand v
[[s']]essayer à

try one's luck v
tenter sa chance

try out v
essayer expérimenter mettre à l’essai
(transitive) To test (something) to see how it works or whether it is suitable.

trying /ˈtɹaɪ.ɪŋ/ more trying most trying adj
éprouvant
Difficult to endure; arduous.

trypanophobia n
trypanophobie

trypanosomiasis trypanosomiases n
trypanosomiase
(disease) Any of several diseases or infections caused by a trypanosome.

tryptophan /ˈtɹɪptə(ʊ)fæn/ tryptophans n
tryptophane
(amino acid) An essential amino acid having an indole side chain; it is present in many foods, especially chocolate, oats, bananas and milk; it is essential for normal growth and development and is the precursor of serotonin and niacin; any specific form of this compound, or any derivative of it.

tryst /tɹaɪst/ /tɹɪst/ trysts n
rendez-vous rendez-vous d'amour rendez-vous galant
A prearranged meeting or assignation, now especially between lovers to meet at a specific place and time.

tsade /ˈtsɑːdeɪ/ /ˈtsɑːdi/ tsades n
sadhé tsadé
The eighteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

tsar /(t)sɑɹ/ /(t)sɑː/ /tsɐː/ /zɐː/ /zɑɹ/ /zɑː/ tsars n
tsar tzar
(historical) An emperor of Russia (1547 to 1917) and of some South Slavic states.

tsardom /ˈ(t)sɑː(ɹ)dəm/ /ˈzɑː(ɹ)dəm/ tsardoms n
tsarat
(countable) The territory ruled by a tsar.

tsarevich /(t)sɑːˈɹɛvɪtʃ/ /ˈ(t)sɑːɹəvɪtʃ/ /ˈzɑːɹəvɪtʃ/ tsareviches tsarevichi tsarevichs n
tsarévitch
A son of a tsar, a prince in Russia or Bulgaria.

tsarina /tsaˈɹiːnə/ /zaˈɹiːnə/ tsar tsarinas n
tsarine tzarine
(historical) An empress of several Eastern European countries, especially Russia, or the wife of a tsar.

tsarism tsarisms n
tsarisme
A system of government ruled by a tsar.

tsarist /ˈ(t)sɑːɹɪst/ /ˈzɑːɹɪst/ adj
tsariste
expressing support for a tsar
tsariste tsarien
from the time of the tsar in Russia

tsarist /ˈ(t)sɑːɹɪst/ /ˈzɑːɹɪst/ tsarists n
tsariste
One who supports a tsar.

tsetse /sitsi/ /sɛtsi/ /titsi/ /tsitsi/ /tsɛtsi/ /tɛtsi/ tsetse tsetses n
mouche tsé-tsé tsé-tsé
Any fly of the genus Glossina, native to Africa, that feeds on human and animal blood; known primarily as a carrier of parasitic trypanosomes.

tsp tsp tsps n
c.c.
abbreviation for teaspoon

tsunami /(t)suˈnæmi/ /(t)suˈnɑmi/ /(t)suːˈnɑːmi/ tsunami tsunamis n
tsunami raz-de-marée
A very large and destructive wave, generally caused by a tremendous disturbance in the ocean, such as an undersea earthquake or volcanic eruption. Tsunami are usually a series of waves, or wave train.

tsundere /ˈtsun.dəɹ.eɪ/ tsundere tsunderes n
tsundere
(chiefly, Japanese fiction) A cold, nitpicky character, usually a girl, who conceals (without complete success) a bashfulness in the presence of their crush.

tsuris /tsuːɹɪs/ /tsʊɹɪs/ n
binz bordel bourbier bousbir embrouilles emmerdes
(US, colloquial) Problems or troubles.

tuatara /tuːəˈtɑːɹə/ tuatara tuataras n
sphénodon
A reptile, Sphenodon punctatus, native to New Zealand, that resembles lizards and is the only surviving rhynchocephalian.

tub /tʌb/ tubs n
bassine baquet
A flat-bottomed vessel, of width similar to or greater than its height, used for storing or packing things, or for washing things in.
rafiot
(nautical, informal) A slow-moving craft.

tuba /ˈtjuː.bə/ /ˈtu.bə/ tubae tubas n
tuba
(anatomy) A tube or tubular organ.

tubal /ˈtjuːbəl/ /ˈtubəl/ adj
tubaire
Of or pertaining to a tube, especially an anatomical one.

tubal ligation tubal ligations n
ligature des trompes
(medicine) A surgical procedure for sterilization in which a woman's Fallopian tubes are blocked or severed.

tubby /ˈtʌbi/ tubbier tubbiest adj
dodu rondelet
stout, rotund

tube /tjuːb/ /tuːb/ /tʃuːb/ tubes n
tube
An approximately cylindrical container, usually with a crimped end and a screw top, used to contain and dispense semiliquid substances.
canette (de bière)
(Australia, slang) A tin can containing beer.
tuyau tube
(surfing) A wave which pitches forward when breaking, creating a hollow space inside.

tuber /tjuːbə(ɹ)/ /tubɚ/ tubers n
tubercule
A fleshy, thickened underground stem of a plant, usually containing stored starch, for example a potato or arrowroot.
protubérance
(anatomy) A rounded, protuberant structure in a human or animal body.

tuberculin tuberculins n
tuberculine
An antigen used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.

tuberculosis /tjuːˌbɜː(ɹ)kjʊˈləʊsɪs/ /tuˌbɚkjʊˈloʊsɪs/ tuberculoses n
tuberculose
(pathology) An infectious disease of humans and animals caused by a species of mycobacterium, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mainly infecting the lungs where it causes tubercles characterized by the expectoration of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain, and transmitted through inhalation or ingestion of bacteria. [from 1839]

tuberose /ˈtjuːbəɹəʊz/ /ˈtubəɹoʊz/ tuberoses n
tubéreuse
especially Agave amica (syn. Poliantes tuberosa), that has white flowers and grass-like leaves, used in perfumery.

tubuliflorous adj
tubuliflore

tubulin tubulins n
tubuline
(protein) Any of a group of proteins used as the material for microtubules.

tuck /tʌk/ v
tucker
(LGBT, of a drag queen, trans woman, etc.) To conceal one’s penis and testicles, as with a gaff or by fastening them down with adhesive tape.
rentrer
(when playing scales on piano keys) To keep the thumb in position while moving the rest of the hand over it to continue playing keys that are outside the thumb.

tucute /ˈtuːkjuːt/ tucutes n
tucute

tufa tufas n
tuffeau
Calcareous lime deposited by precipitation from a body of water, such as a hot spring.

tuff /tʌf/ tuffs n
tuf volcanique tuf
(rock) A light porous rock, now especially a rock composed of compacted volcanic ash varying in size from fine sand to coarse gravel.

tuft /tʌft/ tufts n
touffe
A bunch of feathers, grass or hair, etc., held together at the base.

tufted antshrike tufted antshrikes n
batara othello
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Mackenziaena severa.

tufted duck tufted ducks n
fuligule morillon morillon
A species of duck, Aythya fuligula.

tufted puffin /ˈtʌftɪd ˈpʌfɪn/ tufted puffins n
macareux huppé
A species of puffin, Fratercula cirrhata, easily distinguished by its thick bill and the pair of tufts on its head.

tufted titmouse tufted titmice tufted titmouses n
mésange bicolore
Baeolophus bicolor, a small bird of the tit family Paridae, native to the eastern US.

tug /tʌɡ/ tugs n
tirement
A sudden powerful pull.

tug /tʌɡ/ v
tirer
(transitive) To pull or drag with great effort.
(transitive) To pull hard repeatedly.
remorquer
(transitive) To tow by tugboat.

tug of war /ˈtʌɡ əv ˌwɔː(r)/ tug of wars tugs of war n
tir à la corde
A game or competition in which two teams pull or tug on opposite ends of a rope trying to force the other team over the line which initially marked the middle between the two teams.

tugboat /ˈtʌɡboʊt/ /ˈtʌɡbəʊt/ tugboats n
remorqueur
A small, powerful boat used to push or pull barges or to help maneuver larger vessels.

tughra tughras n
tuğra
A calligraphic signature of an Ottoman sultan (and some other rulers to the present day) that was affixed to official documents, carved on his seal, and stamped on coins and inscribed on some stamps issued during his reign.

tugrik tugriks n
tugrik
The Mongolian unit of currency; abbreviated MNT, ₮; formerly subdivided into 100 möngö.

tui /ˈtuːi/ /ˈtʉːiː/ tui tuis n
méliphage tui tui cravate-frisée
A species of honeyeater, Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae, a bird which is endemic to New Zealand. [from early 19th c.]

tuition /tjuːˈɪʃən/ /tuˈɪʃən/ /ˈtjuːʃən/ tuitions n
frais d'inscription frais de scolarité minerval
(North American) A sum of money paid for instruction (such as in a high school, boarding school, university, or college).
cours
The training or instruction provided by a teacher or tutor.

tularemia /ˌt(j)uːləˈɹiːmɪə/ n
tularémie
(disease) An infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.

tulip /ˈtjuːlɪp/ /ˈtulɪp/ /ˈtʃuːlɪp/ tulips n
tulipe
A type of flowering plant, genus Tulipa.
The flower of this plant.

tulip tree tulip trees n
tulipier
(botany) A North American tree, Liriodendron tulipifera, that has squarish leaves, cone-shaped fruit and an aromatic odour, of family Magnoliaceae.
(botany) A tropical tree (Thespesia populnea, Indian tulip tree), of family Malvaceae.

tulipomania n
tulipomanie
Enthusiasm for tulips, as in a period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for bulbs of the recently introduced tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then suddenly collapsed.

tulle /tjuːl/ /tuːl/ /tʊl/ tulles n
tulle
A kind of silk lace or light netting, used for clothing, veils, etc.

tumble /ˈtʌmbl̩/ tumbles n
culbute
A fall, especially end over end.

tumble /ˈtʌmbl̩/ v
dégringoler culbuter
(intransitive) To fall end over end; to roll over and over.

tumble dryer tumble dryers n
sèche-linge sécheuse
An electrical device that dries clothes in a rotating drum which tumbles the clothes in a flow of hot air.

tumblelog tumblelogs n
tumblr
(internet) A microblog, especially one on the Tumblr microblogging service. [from 2005]

tumbler /ˈtʌmblɚ/ tumblers n
tumbler
A drinking glass that has no stem, foot, or handle — so called because such glasses originally had a pointed or convex base and could not be set down without spilling. This compelled the drinker to finish their measure.

tumbleweed /ˈtʌmbəlwiːd/ /ˈtʌmbəlˌwid/ tumbleweeds n
virevoltant
Any plant which habitually breaks away from its roots once dry, forming a light, rolling mass which is driven by the wind from place to place; as Russian thistle, wild indigo, witch grass, Amaranthus albus, etc.

tumbril /ˈtʌmbɹɪl/ tumbrils n
charrette
A cart well suited to dumping its load#Noun easily, being single-axled and also often having a hinged tailboard; a dumpcart.
charrette charrette des condamnés
(historical) A cart used to carry condemned prisoners to their death, especially to the guillotine during the French Revolution.

tumefy /ˈt(j)uːmɪfaɪ/ v
tuméfier
(transitive) To cause to swell.

tumescent /tjuˈmɛsənt/ /tuˈmɛsənt/ more tumescent most tumescent adj
tumescent tumescente

tummy /ˈtʌ.mi/ tummies n
bidon
(colloquial, often childish) Stomach or belly.

tumor /tjuː.mə/ /tuː.məɹ/ tumors n
tumeur
(oncology, pathology) An abnormal growth; differential diagnosis includes abscess, metaplasia, and neoplasia.

tumult /ˈtjuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtuː.mʌlt/ /ˈtʃuː.mʌlt/ [ˈtʌmʌlt̰̚] tumults n
barouf baroufe
Confused, agitated noise as made by a crowd.
bagarre
A riot or uprising.

tumultuous /tjʊˈmʌl.tjʊ.əs/ /tuˈmʌl.t͡ʃu.əs/ /tə-/ more tumultuous most tumultuous adj
tumultueux orageuse orageux tumultuaire tumultueuse
Causing or characterized by tumult; chaotic, disorderly, turbulent. [from mid 16th c.]

tumulus /ˈtjuːmjələs/ /ˈtuːmjələs/ tumuli n
tumulus
(archaeology) A mound of earth, especially one placed over a prehistoric tomb; a barrow.

tuna /ˈtjuː.nə/ /ˈtu.nə/ /ˈtʃuː.nə/ tuna tunas n
thon
Any of several species of fish of the genus Thunnus in the family Scombridae.

tuna salad tuna salads n
salade de thon

tundra /ˈtʌndɹə/ tundras n
toundra
A flat and treeless Arctic biome.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ tunes n
tube
mélodie air
A melody.

tune /t(j)un/ /tjuːn/ /tɪu̯n/ /tʃuːn/ v
accorder
To adjust (a musical instrument) so that it produces the correct pitches.
syntoniser
To adjust the frequency on a radio or TV set, so as to receive the desired channel.

tune in v
syntoniser
To select a channel, station, etc., as on television or radio.

tuner /ˈtjuː.nə/ /ˈtuː.nɚ/ /ˈtʃuː.nə/ tuners n
accordeur
A person who tunes a piano or organ.
A device, electronic or mechanical, that helps a person tune a musical instrument by showing the deviation of the played pitch from the desired pitch.
syntonisateur syntoniseur
The component of an audio system that receives radio broadcasts.

tung tree /ˈtʊŋ ˌtɹiː/ /ˈtʌŋ ˌtɹiː/ tung trees n
tung
Any of the genus Vernicia, especially Vernicia fordii (syn. Aleurites fordii), of east Asian trees or shrubs cultivated for their seeds which are a source of tung oil.

tungstate tungstates n
tungstate
(chemistry) Any salt of tungstic acid.

tungsten /ˈtʌŋstən/ tungstens n
tungstène wolfram
A rare metallic chemical element (symbol W, from Latin wolframium) with an atomic number of 74.

tungstic /ˈtʌŋstɪk/ adj
tungstique
(chemistry) Of or relating to tungsten, especially hexavalent tungsten.

tunic /tjuːnɪk/ /tuːnɪk/ tunics n
tunique
A garment worn over the torso, with or without sleeves, and of various lengths reaching from the hips to the ankles.

tuning /tjuːnɪŋ/ /tuːnɪŋ/ tunings n
accordage
The calibration of a musical instrument to a standard pitch.
paramétrage tuning
(engineering) The adjustment of a system or circuit to secure optimum performance.
réglage
Action of the verb to tune.

tuning fork /tjʉːnɪŋ foːk/ tuning forks n
diapason
(musical instruments) A fork-shaped object which emits a tone of a specific frequency when struck, producing a reference note for tuning instruments.

tuning key tuning keys n
cheville
A peg or screw used to tighten or loosen strings on a musical instrument in order to produce concordant sounds.

tuning wrench tuning wrenches n
accordoir

tunnel /ˈtʌn(ə)l/ tunnels n
tunnel
An underground or underwater passage.

tunnel boring machine tunnel boring machines n
tunnelier
(engineering) A large machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section.

tunnel diode tunnel diodes n
diode à effet tunnel
(physics) A semiconductor diode that has negative resistance in the forward direction of its operating range due to quantum effects.

tunnel vision n
vision tunnelisée vision tunnellaire
A restricted field of vision, especially as the result of looking through some type of object or a medical condition.

tuple /ˈtjuːpəl/ /ˈtuːpəl/ /ˈtʊpəl/ /ˈtʌpəl/ /ˈt͡ʃuːpəl/ tuples n
uplet n-uplet
(set theory) A finite sequence of terms.
n-uplet
(computing) A set of comma-separated values passed to a program or operating system as a parameter to a function call.

turban /ˈtɜːbən/ /ˈtɝbən/ turbans n
turban
A man's headdress made by winding a length of cloth round the head.
A woman's close-fitting hat with little or no brim.

turbanned adj
turbané
Wearing a turban.

turbid /ˈtɜː(ɹ)bɪd/ more turbid most turbid adj
trouble turbide
Having the lees or sediment disturbed; not clear. (of a liquid)

turbidity turbidities n
turbidité
The state of being turbid; turbidness.

turbine /ˈtəːˌbaɪn/ /ˈtəːˌbɪn/ /ˈtɚ.bɪn/ /ˈtɚˌbaɪn/ turbines n
turbine
Any of various rotary machines that use the kinetic energy of a continuous stream of fluid (a liquid or a gas) to turn a shaft.

turbocharged adj
turbocompressé
Having a turbocharger

turbojet turbojets n
turboréacteur
(aeronautics) A jet engine that develops thrust solely from high-speed exhaust gases expelled from a turbine that drives a compressor.

turboprop turboprops n
turbopropulseur
(aeronautics) A type of gas turbine aircraft engine that drives and obtains essentially all thrust from an external (typically unducted) propeller.

turboshaft turboshafts n
turbomoteur
A gas-turbine engine designed to transmit power by means of a geared shaft, used in helicopters and for land and marine vehicular and stationary applications.

turbot /ˈtɜːbət/ /ˈtɝbət/ turbot turbots n
turbot
Any of species Scophthalmus maximus (syn. Psetta maxima) of flatfish native to Europe.
Any of various other flatfishes of family Scophthalmidae that are found in marine or brackish waters.

turbulence /ˈtɜː.bjə.ləns/ /ˈtɝ.bjə.ləns/ turbulences n
turbulence
(uncountable) Disturbance in a gas or fluid, characterized by evidence of internal motion or unrest.

turbulent /ˈtɜːbjələnt/ /ˈtɝbjələnt/ more turbulent most turbulent adj
mouvementé
violently disturbed or agitated; tempestuous, tumultuous

turbulent flow turbulent flows n
écoulement turbulent
(physics) A form of irregular viscous flow in which the velocity and pressure of the fluid fluctuates at random in both time and space,

turd /tɜːd/ /tɝd/ turds n
étron crotte
(informal, mildly, vulgar) A piece of solid animal or human feces.

tureen /t(j)uˈɹin/ /təˈɹin/ /təˈɹiːn/ /t͡ʃəˈɹiːn/ /t͡ʃʊˈɹiːn/ tureens n
soupière
A broad, deep serving dish used for serving soup or stew.

turf /tɚf/ /tɜːf/ turfs turves n
gazon
(uncountable) A layer of earth covered with grass; sod.
gazon motte
(countable) A piece of such a layer cut from the soil. May be used as sod to make a lawn, dried for peat, stacked to form earthen structures, etc.
champ de courses hippodrome
(uncountable, with "the", sports) The sport of racing horses.

turf /tɚf/ /tɜːf/ v
gazonner
To cover with turf; to create a lawn by laying turfs.

turgid /ˈtɚ.d͡ʒɪd/ /ˈtɜː.d͡ʒɪd/ more turgid most turgid adj
turgide
Distended beyond the natural state by some internal agent, especially fluid, or expansive force.

turkey /ˈtɜːki/ /ˈtɝki/ turkeys turkies n
dinde dindon
(countable) A bird in the genus Meleagris with a fan-shaped tail and wattled neck, especially the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo, now domesticated).
dindon dinde viande de dinde viande de dindon
(uncountable) The flesh or meat of this bird eaten as food.

turkey-chick turkey-chicks n
dindonneau
A young turkey.

turkey-hen turkey-hens n
dinde dinde femelle
A female turkey.

turkeycock turkeycocks n
dindon
A male turkey.

turmeric /təɹ.ˈmɛ.ɾɪk/ /ˈtjuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtuː.mə.ɹɪk/ /ˈtɜɹ.məɹ.ɪk/ /ˈtɜː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ /ˈtʃuː.m(ə).ɹɪk/ [ˈtʰu.mɚ.ɪk] [ˈtʰɝ.mɚ.ɪk] turmerics n
curcuma
(botany) An Indian plant, Curcuma longa, with aromatic rhizomes, part of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).
(cooking) The pulverized rhizome of the turmeric plant, used for flavoring and to add a bright yellow color to food.
curcuma curcumine
A yellow to reddish-brown dye extracted from the turmeric plant.

turmoil /ˈtɜːmɔɪl/ turmoils n
tourmente tumulte désordre chaos
A state of great disorder or uncertainty.

turn /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ turns n
tour
A chance to use (something) shared in sequence with others.
One's chance to make a move in a game having two or more players.

turn /tɜːn/ /tɝn/ v
tourner
(intransitive) Of a body, person, etc, to move around an axis through itself.
(transitive) To change the direction or orientation of, especially by rotation.
(intransitive) To change one's direction of travel.
devenir
(copulative) To become (begin to be).

turn a blind eye v
fermer les yeux
(idiomatic) To ignore or deliberately overlook, especially with respect to something unpleasant or improper, to look the other way. To knowingly refuse to acknowledge something which you know to be real.

turn a deaf ear v
faire la sourde oreille
(figuratively, transitive with to) To refuse to listen to something.

turn around v
retourner
(ergative) To physically rotate (usually around a vertical axis) for a half turn (180 degrees), a whole turn (360 degrees), or an indefinite amount.
se retourner
(transitive, figurative) To change drastically in a fundamental way, often for the better; to change to the opposite (opinion or position).

turn away v
détourner
(intransitive, literally) To rotate oneself so as not to face someone or something.
(transitive, literally) To bend or turn from a fixed course.
(intransitive, literally) To bend or turn from a fixed course.

turn back the clock v
remonter le temps
(figuratively, idiom) To return to a previous state.

turn down v
refuser décliner
(idiomatic) To refuse, decline, or deny.
baisser
(idiomatic) To reduce the power, etc. of something by means of a control, such as the volume, heat, or light.

turn heads v
attirer le regard
(idiomatic) To garner a considerable amount of attention.

turn in v
dénoncer
(transitive, idiomatic) To relinquish; give up; to tell on someone to the authorities (especially to turn someone in).

turn in one's grave v
se retourner dans sa tombe
(idiomatic) To be appalled, offended or disgusted by something, despite being deceased.

turn into v
devenir se transformer en
(idiomatic, intransitive) To transform into; become.

turn of events turns of events n
concours de circonstances
(idiomatic) A deviation from the expected course of events.

turn of phrase turns of phrase n
tour de phrase tournure de phrase
(countable) An expression which is worded in a distinctive way, especially one which is particularly memorable or artful.

turn off v
éteindre
(transitive) To power down, to switch off, to put out of operation, to deactivate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).
fermer
(transitive) To rotate a tap or valve so as to interrupt the outflow of liquid or gas.
dégoûter répugner
(transitive) To repulse, disgust, or discourage (someone).

turn on v
ouvrir allumer
(transitive) To set a flow of fluid or gas running by rotating a tap or valve. [from 19th c.]
allumer ouvrir démarrer mettre en marche
(transitive) To power up, to put into operation, to start, to activate (an appliance, light, mechanism, functionality etc.).
emballer chauffer
(transitive) To introduce (someone to something), and especially to fill them with enthusiasm (about it); to intoxicate, give pleasure to ( + to an object of interest or excitement). [from 20th c.]

turn on one's heel v
tourner les talons
(idiomatic) To suddenly turn away from someone or something in order to depart rapidly, especially as expressive of haughtiness, disapproval, or evasiveness.

turn one's back v
tourner le dos
(figuratively, transitive with on) To forsake, to abandon; to ignore.

turn one's coat v
retourner sa veste tourner casaque
(idiom) To turn against a previous affiliation or allegiance.

turn one's life around v
reprendre sa vie en main

turn out v
s'avérer se finir se pointer se terminer
(intransitive, idiomatic, copulative) To end up; to result.
éteindre
(transitive, idiomatic) To extinguish a light or other device
s'avérer
(intransitive, idiomatic) To become apparent or known, especially (as) it turns out
produire sortir
(transitive, idiomatic) To produce; make.
démouler
(transitive) To remove from a mould, bowl etc.
débarquer expulser éjecter
(transitive, idiomatic) To refuse service or shelter; to eject or evict.
sortir
(sex, transitive, slang) To convince a person (usually a woman) to become a prostitute.

turn over v
produire remettre
renverser retourner
To flip over; to rotate uppermost to bottom.

turn over a new leaf v
tourner une nouvelle page
(idiomatic) To engage in self-improvement; to begin a good habit or shed a bad habit.

turn the other cheek v
tendre l'autre joue
(idiomatic) To accept punishment or injury without retaliating.

turn the tables v
la roue tourne les mouches ont changé d'âne

turn up v
arriver se pointer
(intransitive, copulative) To show up; to appear suddenly or unexpectedly.
(transitive) To cause to appear; to find by searching, etc.

turn up for the book turn ups for the book n
agréable surprise bonne surprise
(idiomatic) A very unexpected, usually pleasant, surprise.

turn up one's nose v
faire la fine bouche lever le nez
(idiomatic, with "at") To regard with contempt or scorn; to treat with contempt or scorn; to ignore or disregard in a contemptuous or scornful way.
(idiomatic, with "at") To refuse, especially with disgust, contempt or scorn; to refuse with apparent disregard about offending the offerer.

turn upside down v
renverser
(transitive, intransitive) To flip over; to rotate top to bottom.

turn-off turn-offs n
tue-l'amour
(idiomatic) Something that repulses, disgusts, or discourages, especially sexually.

turnbuckle turnbuckles n
ridoir
(nautical) A link threaded on both ends of a short bar which is used to pull objects together. (FM 55-501)

turncoat /ˈtəːn.kəʊt/ /ˈtɝn.koʊt/ turncoats n
renégat apostat traître
A traitor; one who turns against a previous affiliation or allegiance.

turner /ˈtɜː.nə(ɹ)/ /ˈtɝ.nɚ/ turners n
tourneur décolleteur décolleteuse tourneuse
A person who turns and shapes wood etc. on a lathe.

turnery /ˈtɜː(ɹ)nəɹi/ turneries n
tournerie
The art of fashioning solid bodies into cylindrical or other forms by means of a lathe.

turning /ˈtɜː.nɪŋ/ /ˈtɝ.nɪŋ/ turnings n
virage
(British) A turn or deviation from a straight course.

turning point turning points n
tournant moment charnière
A decisive point at which a significant change or historical event occurs, or at which a decision must be made.

turnip /ˈtɜː.nɪp/ /ˈtɝ.nɪp/ turnips n
navet
The white root of a yellow-flowered plant, Brassica rapa, grown as a vegetable and as fodder for cattle.

turnip greens n
brocoli-rave rapini
The edible leaves of the turnip plant (Brassica rapa).

turnip moth turnip moths n
noctuelle des moissons
A moth of the family Noctuidae, Agrotis segetum, whose larvae called cutworms cause damage to a wide variety of crops.

turnkey /ˈtɜː(ɹ)nˌkiː/ more turnkey most turnkey adj
clé en main clés en main
Ready to use without further assembly or test; supplied in a state that is ready to turn on and operate (typically refers to an assembly that is outsourced for manufacture)

turnkey /ˈtɜː(ɹ)nˌkiː/ turnkeys n
guichetier
(now, _, archaic) A warder or jailer/gaoler; keeper of the keys in a prison.

turnout /ˈtɜː(ɹ)naʊt/ turnouts n
taux de participation
The number or proportion of people who attend or participate in an event (especially an election) or are present at a venue.

turnover turnovers n
chiffre d'affaires
The amount of money taken as sales transacted in a given period.
chausson
A semicircular pastry made by turning one half of a circular crust over the other, enclosing the filling (usually fruit).
renversement
The act or result of overturning something; an upset.

turnpike /ˈtɜː(ɹ)npaɪk/ turnpikes n
route à péage
(chiefly, US) A toll road, especially a toll expressway.

turnstile /ˈtɜːnstaɪl/ /ˈtɝnstaɪl/ turnstiles n
tourniquet
A rotating mechanical device that controls and counts passage between public areas, especially one that only allows passage after a charge has been paid.

turntable /ˈtɜːnteɪb(ə)l/ /ˈtɝnˌteɪbəl/ turntables n
plaque tournante platine
(rail transport, road transport) A rotating platform placed in a circular pit, used for turning locomotives, cars, or trucks.
platine
A circular rotating platform.
platine tourne-disque table de lecture
(music) The circular rotating platform of a record player or a disk jockey's console on which the record rests during play; (by extension) , a record player.

turophile turophiles n
fromagophile
a gourmet/connoisseur of cheese

turpentine /ˈtɜː.pənˌtaɪn/ /ˈtɝ.pənˌtaɪn/ turpentines n
térébenthine essence de térébenthine
A volatile essential oil now obtained from such oleoresin of from the wood of pine trees by steam distillation; a complex mixture of monoterpenes; now used as a solvent and paint thinner.

turpitude /ˈtɜɹpətuːd/ /ˈtɜː(ɹ)pɪtjuːd/ turpitudes n
turpitude
Inherent baseness, depravity or wickedness; corruptness and evilness.
An act evident of such depravity.

turquoise /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪz/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪz/ more turquoise most turquoise adj
turquoise
Having a pale greenish-blue colour.

turquoise /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɜː(ɹ).k(w)ɔɪz/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪs/ /ˈtɝ.k(w)ɔɪz/ turquoises n
turquoise
(countable) A sky-blue, greenish-blue, or greenish-gray semi-precious gemstone.
(countable, and, uncountable) A pale greenish-blue colour, like that of the gemstone.

turret /ˈtɝ.ɪt/ /ˈtʊɹ.ɪt/ /ˈtʌɹ.ɪt/ turrets n
tourelle
(architecture) A little tower, frequently a merely ornamental structure at one of the corners of a building or castle.

turron /təˈɹɒn/ turrones turrons n
touron

turtle /ˈtɜːtl̩/ /ˈtɝtl̩/ [ˈtʰɝɾɫ̩] turtles n
tortue
(zoology, US, Canada) Any land or marine reptile of the order Testudines, characterised by a protective shell enclosing its body. See also tortoise.
(military, historical) An Ancient Roman attack method, where the shields held by the soldiers hide them, not only left, right, front and back, but also from above.
tortue de mer
(computing) An on-screen cursor that serves the same function as a turtle for drawing.

turtle /ˈtɜːtl̩/ /ˈtɝtl̩/ [ˈtʰɝɾɫ̩] v
capoter faire un tonneau se renverser
(intransitive) To flip over onto the back or top; to turn upside down.
chasser
(intransitive) To hunt turtles, especially in the water.

turtle dove /ˈtɜːtəldʌv/ /ˈtɝtəldʌv/ turtle doves n
tourterelle
Any of several (species of) birds, called by this traditional name, mainly in the genus Streptopelia, of the family Columbidae (doves and pigeons, which also included the extinct passenger pigeon, dodo, and solitaire).

turtle ship turtle ships n
bateau tortue
(historical) A Korean armored warship with iron spikes on its deck, chiefly known for being used in the Imjin War (1592—1598) against the Japanese by Admiral Yi Sun-sin.

turtleneck turtlenecks n
col roulé
(North America) A high, close-fitting collar, turned back on itself and covering all or most of the neck, on a sweater or similar garment.
(North America) Ellipsis of turtleneck sweater.

tush /tʊʃ/ tushes n
derrière postérieur
(US, colloquial) The buttocks. [from 1914]

tusk /ˈtʌsk/ tusks n
défense dague
A sharp point.

tussic more tussic most tussic adj
tussigène tussique
of or relating to a cough

tussle /ˈtʌsəl/ tussles n
querelle
A physical fight or struggle.
A conflict, an argument, a disagreement.

tussle /ˈtʌsəl/ v
quereller
To have a tussle.

tussock /ˈtʌs.ək/ tussocks n
tussack
A tuft or clump of green grass or similar verdure, forming a small hillock.

tut tut /ˈtʌt ˈtʌt/ [ˈǀˈǀ] interjection
tss-tss
An exclamation of disapproval.

tute /tut/ tutes n
tute
(card games) A trick-taking card game, originally from Italy.

tutelage /-əd͡ʒ/ /ˈtjuːtlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈtjuːtələd͡ʒ/ /ˈtjuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈtuːtlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈtuːtələd͡ʒ/ /ˈtuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːtlɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːtələd͡ʒ/ /ˈt͡ʃuːtɪlɪd͡ʒ/ tutelages n
tutelle
The act of guarding, protecting, or guiding; guardianship; protection

tutelary /ˈtjuːtɪləɹɪ/ /ˈtutɪlɛɹɪ/ more tutelary most tutelary adj
tutélaire
Relating to guardianship or protection.

tutelary /ˈtjuːtɪləɹɪ/ /ˈtutɪlɛɹɪ/ tutelaries n
tuteur
(religion, chiefly, _, paganism) A deity or spirit serving as a guardian or protector of a place, person, culture, etc.; a tutelar, a tutelary deity.

tutelary deity /ˈtutɪlɜɹi ˈdeɪəti/ /ˈtʃuːtɪləɹi ˈdiːəti/ tutelary deities n
génie
(religion) A deity, usually minor, serving as a tutelary (guardian or supporter) for a place, person, group, or activity.

tutorial /tjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/ /tuˈtɔɹijəɫ/ /tʃʉˈtoːɹiəɫ/ /tʊˈtɔɹijəɫ/ tutorials n
didacticiel tutoriel
A self-paced learning exercise; a lesson prepared so that a student can learn at their own speed, at their convenience.
TD
An interactive class taught by a tutor to students at university or college, individually or in small groups.
tutoriel
(computing) A video or text guide or instruction about a specific topic (generally a how-to)

tutti-frutti /ˌtutiˈfɹuti/ /ˌtuːtɪˈfɹuːtɪ/ n
glace plombières plombières tutti-frutti
A variety of ice cream (or, formerly, other confection) that contains chopped candied fruit.

tutu /ˈtutu/ /ˈtuːtuː/ tutus n
tutu
A ballet skirt made of layered stiff but light netting.

tuwhit tuwhoo /tʊˌwɪt tʊˈwuː/ interjection
hou-hou
The hoot of a tawny owl.

tuxedo /tʌkˈsidoʊ/ /tʌkˈsiːdəʊ/ tuxedoes tuxedos n
smoking
A typically black formal jacket worn by men.
The entire suit complementing and including this jacket.

tuyere /tuˈjɛɹ/ /tuːˈjɛə/ /twiˈjɛɹ/ /twiːˈ(j)ɛə/ /ˈtwaɪə/ /ˈtwɪə/ /ˈtwɪɹ/ tuyeres n
tuyère
A nozzle or similar fixture through which the blast is delivered to the interior of a blast furnace, or to the fire of a forge

twaddle /ˈtwɑdəl/ /ˈtwɒdəl/ twaddles n
fadaise sornette
(uncountable) Empty or silly idle talk or writing; nonsense, rubbish. [from 1782.]

twat /twæt/ /twɑt/ /twɔt/ [tʰw̥æt] [tʰw̥ɑt] [tʰw̥ɔt] twats n
con chatte
(vulgar, slang) The vagina or vulva.
con
(offensive, vulgar, slang, mainly, UK, Ireland, Australia) A contemptible and stupid person, idiot.

tweak /twiːk/ tweaks n
coup sec
A sharp pinch or jerk; a twist or twitch.
ajustement retouche
A slight adjustment or modification.

tweak /twiːk/ v
tordre
(transitive) To pinch and pull with a sudden jerk and twist; to twitch.
retoucher ajuster fignoler personnaliser
(transitive) To tease, to annoy; to get under the skin of (someone, typically so as to irritate them, or by extension to enamor, frighten, etc).

tweed /twiːd/ tweeds n
tweed
A coarse woolen fabric used for clothing.

tweet /twiːt/ tweets n
gazouillis pépiement
The sound of a bird; any short high-pitched sound or whistle.
tweet gazouillis
(social media) An entry posted on the microblogging service Twitter. [since 2007]

tweet /twiːt/ v
twitter tweeter gazouiller twitterer
(ambitransitive, social media) To post an update to Twitter. [since 2007]

tweeter /ˈtwitɚ/ /ˈtwiːtə/ tweeters n
haut-parleur d’aigus
(electronics) An electronic speaker designed to produce high-frequency sound.
twitteur twitteuse twitto
(social media) One who posts messages ("tweets") on the social networking site Twitter.

tweezers /ˈtwizɚz/ /ˈtwiːzəz/ n
pince à épiler pincette
A small pincerlike instrument, usually made of metal, used for handling or picking up small objects (such as postage stamps), plucking out (plucking) hairs, pulling out slivers, etc.

twelfth /twɛlf/ /twɛlftθ/ /twɛlfθ/ /twɛlθ/ [tʰw̥ɛlfθ] [tʰw̥ɛlʷf] [tʰw̥ɛl̪θ] adj
douzième douze
The ordinal form of the number twelve, describing a person or thing in position number 12 of a sequence.

twelfth /twɛlf/ /twɛlftθ/ /twɛlfθ/ /twɛlθ/ [tʰw̥ɛlfθ] [tʰw̥ɛlʷf] [tʰw̥ɛl̪θ] twelfths n
douzième
One of twelve equal parts of a whole.

twelfth grade twelfth grades n
terminale

twelfthly adv
douzièmement

twelfty numeral
douzante six-vingts
(nonstandard) One hundred (and) twenty; 120.

twelve /twelv/ /twəlv/ /twɛlv/ /twɛv/ [tw̥eɫv] [tw̥əɫv] [tw̥ɛv] [tw̥ɛɫv] numeral
douze
The cardinal number occurring after eleven and before thirteen, represented in Arabic numerals as 12 and in Roman numerals as XII.

twelve o'clock twelve o'clocks n
douze heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the thirteenth hour of the day; noon (noontime); 12:00 p.m. (12:00).

twelve-tone technique pn
dodécaphonisme
system of musical composition

twenties n
années 20 années vingt
The decade of the 1820s, 1920s, 2020s, etc.

twentieth /-ɪθ/ /ˈtwɛn.i.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ [ˈtw̥ɛ.ɾ̃i.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃n.ti.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃.i.əθ] adj
vingtième
The ordinal form of the number twenty.

twentieth /-ɪθ/ /ˈtwɛn.i.əθ/ /ˈtwɛn.ti.əθ/ [ˈtw̥ɛ.ɾ̃i.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃n.ti.əθ] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃.i.əθ] twentieths n
vingtième
A person or thing in the twentieth position.
One of twenty equal parts of a whole.

twenty /ˈtweɪnti/ /ˈtwɛni/ /ˈtwɛnti/ /ˈtwʊn(t)i/ /ˈtwʌn(t)i/ [ˈtw̥ɛɾ̃i] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃nti] [ˈtw̥ɛ̃ɾ̃i] numeral
vingt
The cardinal number 20, occurring after nineteen and before twenty-one.

twenty two numeral
vingt deux
The cardinal number occurring after twenty one and before twenty three, represented in Roman numerals as XXII and in Arabic numerals as 22. Ordinal: twenty-second.

twenty-eight /ˌtwɛntiˈeɪt/ numeral
vingt-huit
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-seven and preceding twenty-nine.

twenty-eighth adj
vingt-huitième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-eight.

twenty-eighth twenty-eighths n
vingt-huitième
The person or thing in the twenty-eighth position.
One of twenty-eight equal parts of a whole.

twenty-fifth adj
vingt-cinquième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-five.

twenty-fifth twenty-fifths n
vingt-cinquième
The person or thing in the twenty-fifth position.
One of twenty-five equal parts of a whole.

twenty-first twenty-firsts n
vingt-et-unième
The person or thing in the twenty-first position.
One of twenty-one equal parts of a whole, usually written 1⁄21.
(informal) A party to celebrate a twenty-first birthday.

twenty-five /ˌtwɛntiˈfaɪv/ numeral
vingt-cinq
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-four and preceding twenty-six.

twenty-five/eight adv
non-stop sans arrêt sans débander sans mollir
(colloquial, hyperbolic) Unceasingly.

twenty-four /ˌtwɛntiˈfo(ː)ɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfoə/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔɹ/ /ˌtwɛntiˈfɔː/ numeral
vingt-quatre
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-three and preceding twenty-five.

twenty-four seven adv
[[vingt-quatre heures sur vingt-quatre]], sept jours sur sept
(colloquial) Constantly, without interruption.

twenty-fourth adj
vingt-quatrième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-four.

twenty-fourth twenty-fourths n
vingt-quatrième
The person or thing in the twenty-fourth position.
One of twenty-four equal parts of a whole.

twenty-nine numeral
vingt-neuf
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-eight and preceding thirty.

twenty-ninth adj
vingt-neuvième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-nine.

twenty-ninth twenty-ninths n
vingt-neuvième
The person or thing in the twenty-ninth position.
Any of twenty-nine equal parts of a whole.

twenty-one /ˌtwɛntiˈwɒn/ /ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn/ /ˌtwʌntiˈwʌn/ n
vingt-et-un
(card games) Blackjack.

twenty-one /ˌtwɛntiˈwɒn/ /ˌtwɛntiˈwʌn/ /ˌtwʌntiˈwʌn/ numeral
vingt-et-un
The cardinal number occurring after twenty and before twenty-two, represented in Roman numerals as XXI and in Arabic numerals as 21.

twenty-second adj
vingt-deuxième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-two.

twenty-second twenty-seconds n
vingt-deuxième
The person or thing in the twenty-second position.
One of twenty-two equal parts of a whole.

twenty-seven numeral
vingt-sept
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-six and preceding twenty-eight.

twenty-seventh /ˌtwɛn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ /ˌtwʌn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ adj
vingt-septième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-seven.

twenty-seventh /ˌtwɛn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ /ˌtwʌn(t)iˈsɛvənθ/ twenty-sevenths n
vingt-septième
The person or thing in the twenty-seventh position.
One of twenty-seven equal parts of a whole.

twenty-six /ˌtwɛntiˈsɪks/ numeral
vingt-six
The cardinal number immediately following twenty-five and preceding twenty-seven.

twenty-sixth adj
vingt-sixième
Occurring in position twenty-six; the ordinal form of the number twenty-six.

twenty-sixth n
vingt-sixième
The person or thing in the twenty-sixth position.
One of twenty-six equal parts of a whole.

twenty-third adj
vingt-troisième
The ordinal form of the number twenty-three.

twenty-third twenty-thirds n
vingt-troisième
The person or thing in the twenty-third position.
One of twenty-three equal parts of a whole.

twenty-three /ˈtwɛntiˈθɹiː/ numeral
vingt-trois
The cardinal number after twenty-two and before twenty-four.

twenty-two /ˌtwɛntiˈtuː/ /ˌtwʌntiˈtu/ numeral
vingt-deux
The number after twenty-one and before twenty-three. Represented in Arabic digits as 22.

twentysomething twentysomethings n
vingtenaire
A person whose age is between twenty and twenty-nine years, inclusive; someone in their twenties.

twice /twaɪs/ [tw̥aɪs] adv
deux fois
Two times.

twiddle /ˈtwɪdəl/ v
tripoter bidouiller
(transitive) To wiggle, fidget or play with; to move around.

twiddle one's thumbs v
se tourner les pouces
to circle one's thumbs around one another, usually with the fingers interlaced, usually done idly while waiting or bored
(idiomatic) To wait or dawdle; to accomplish nothing useful or lack a useful occupation.

twig /twɪɡ/ [tʰw̥ɪɡ] twigs n
brindille
A small thin branch of a tree or bush.

twig /twɪɡ/ [tʰw̥ɪɡ] v
piger capter entraver
(colloquial, regional) To realise something; to catch on; to recognize someone or something.

twigil twigils n
twigil

twilight /ˈtwaɪˌlaɪt/ twilights n
crépuscule demi-jour
The soft light in the sky seen before the rising and (especially) after the setting of the sun, occasioned by the illumination of the earth’s atmosphere by the direct rays of the sun and their reflection on the earth.
crépuscule entre chien et loup
The time when this light is visible; the period between daylight and darkness.
crépuscule pénombre brumes entre chien et loup
Any faint light through which something is seen.

twill /twɪl/ [twɪɫ] twills n
armure
(weaving) A pattern, characterised by diagonal ridges, created by the regular interlacing of threads of the warp and weft during weaving.

twin /twɪn/ [tw̥ɪn] twins n
jumeau jumelle
Either of two people (or, less commonly, animals) who shared the same uterus at the same time; one who was born at the same birth as a sibling.
twin
A room in a hotel, guesthouse, etc. with two beds; a twin room.

twine /twaɪn/ twines n
convolution torsion
A twist; a convolution.
ficelle
A strong thread composed of two or three smaller threads or strands twisted together, and used for various purposes, as for binding small parcels, making nets, and the like; a small cord or string.

twinge /twɪnd͡ʒ/ twinges n
élancement
A sudden sharp pain.

twink /twɪŋk/ [tʰw̥ɪŋk] twinks n
minet
(gay slang) A young, attractive, slim male, usually having little body hair.
gonzesse lopette
(derogatory, slang) A weak or effeminate man, whether gay or not.

twinkhon /ˈtwɪŋk.hʌn/ twinkhons n
twinkhon

twinkle /ˈtwɪŋ.kəl/ v
briller
(of a source of light) To shine with a flickering light; to glimmer.
(chiefly, of eyes) To be bright with delight.
cligner
To bat, blink or wink the eyes.
virevolter
To flit to and fro.

twirl /ˈtwɜːl/ /ˈtwɝl/ twirls n
pirouette
A movement where a person spins round elegantly; a pirouette.

twirl /ˈtwɜːl/ /ˈtwɝl/ v
pirouetter
(intransitive) To perform a twirl.
tournoyer
(transitive) To rotate rapidly.

twist /twɪst/ [tw̥ɪst] twists n
twist
A type of thread made from two filaments twisted together.
The spiral course of the rifling of a gun barrel or a cannon.
torsion
A sprain, especially to the ankle.

twist /twɪst/ [tw̥ɪst] v
tordre entortiller
To turn the ends of something, usually thread, rope etc., in opposite directions, often using force.

twist drill twist drills n
foret

twist of fate twists of fate n
ironie du destin ironie du sort

twist someone's arm v
forcer la main
(figuratively) To coerce, force, or cajole.

twist the knife v
remuer le couteau dans la plaie

twisted /ˈtwɪstɪd/ more twisted most twisted adj
tordu
Contorted.
Mentally disturbed or unsound.
vrillé
Wound spirally.

twisted pair twisted pairs n
paire torsadée
A form of electrical connection in which two insulated conductors are twisted together for the purpose of improving immunity to interference.

twisties n
pertes de figure
(gymnastics, slang) The loss of perceptual awareness of body positioning during a spin, twist, turn, flip, etc. maneuver. The loss of air sense.

twit /twɪt/ [tʰw̥ɪt] twits n
abruti andouille couillon twit
A foolish or annoying person.

twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/ [tʰw̥ɪt͡ʃ] twitches n
tic
A brief, small (sometimes involuntary) movement out of place and then back again; a spasm.
tord-nez morailles
(farriery) A stick with a hole in one end through which passes a loop, which can be drawn tightly over the upper lip or an ear of a horse and twisted to keep the animal quiet during minor surgery.

twitch /twɪt͡ʃ/ [tʰw̥ɪt͡ʃ] v
secouer spasmer tressauter
(intransitive) To perform a twitch; spasm.

twitcher /ˈtwɪt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ twitchers n
cocheur
An eager birdwatcher who is willing to travel long distances to see rare species. (See the Wikipedia article for origin.)

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] twos n
deux
The digit/figure 2.
billet de deux dollars
(US, informal) A two-dollar bill.

two /tu/ /tuː/ /twuː/ [tʰu̟] [tʰu̟ː] numeral
deux
A numerical value equal to 2; this many dots (••).

two beers, please phraseologicalUnit
deux bières, s'il vous plait
Indicates the speaker wishes to buy two beers.

two birds with one stone n
d'une pierre deux coups
(idiomatic) Any two things that were performed or completed at the same time by one action.

two cents n
grain de sel mes deux cents
(idiomatic, colloquial) One's opinion or thoughts.

two heads are better than one proverb
deux avis valent mieux qu'un deux têtes valent mieux qu'une il y a plus dans deux têtes que dans une
Some tasks may be accomplished more easily by two (or more) people working together than by one working alone.

two hundred /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹəd/ /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹɪd/ numeral
deux cents
The cardinal number occurring after one hundred ninety-nine and before two hundred one, represented in Arabic numerals as 200.

two hundred fifty-sixth note two hundred fifty-sixth notes n
sextuple croche
(music, very rare) A note played for ​1⁄256 of the duration of a whole note.

two o'clock n
deux heures
(In both the 12-hour clock and the 24-hour clock) The start of the third hour of the day; 2:00 a.m. (02:00).

two pair n
deux paires double paire
(poker) A hand which contains two pairs.

two pennies' worth n
grain de sel
(idiomatic, UK, colloquial) One's opinion or thoughts.

two shot two shots n
plan de deux personnes plan sur deux personnes
(film) A scene shot with the camera positioned to observe two actors.

two sides of the same coin n
les deux côtés de la médaille

two thousand numeral
deux mille
The cardinal number occurring after one thousand nine hundred and ninety-nine and before two thousand and one.

two-barred warbler two-barred warblers n
pouillot à deux barres
Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus, a species of leaf warbler (family Phylloscopidae).

two-dimensional adj
bidimensionnel
Existing in two dimensions.
Not creating the illusion of depth; lacking detail or believability.

two-faced /ˈtuːˈfeɪst/ adj
fourbe

two-factor authentication n
A2F double authentification
(computer security) An identity and access management security method in which users provide two different authentication factors to verify themselves: first the user's password and then a (randomly generated and frequently changing) code generated by an app.

two-hundredth /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹədθ/ /ˈtuː ˈhʌn.dɹɪdθ/ adj
deux-centième
The ordinal form of the number two hundred.

two-legged /tuːˈlɛɡɪd/ /ˈtuːlɛɡd/ adj
bipède
Having or furnished with two legs, or leg-like appendages.

two-legged tie two-legged ties n
match aller-retour

two-norm two-norms n
norme 2
(math) A measure of length given by "the square root of the squares." Denoted by ||\cdot||_2, the two-norm of a vector \vec v= is ||\vec v||_2=\sqrt{a_1^2+a_2^2+\cdots+a_n^2}. The two norm of an m\times m matrix A is defined by \max_{\vec v\neq\vec 0}\frac{||A\vec v||_2}{||\vec v||_2} where \vec v is an m-dimensional vector that is not the zero vector.

two-party system two-party systems n
bipartisme
(politics) The presence or dominance of only two political parties in a government.

two-seater two-seaters n
biplace
A vehicle with seats for two people (a driver or pilot and one passenger)

two-spirit /tuːˈspɪɹɪt/ /ˈtuːˌspɪɹɪt/ adj
bispirituel
Pertaining to or being a two-spirit.

two-spirit /tuːˈspɪɹɪt/ /ˈtuːˌspɪɹɪt/ two-spirits n
bardache berdache bispirituel
A Native (North) American gender-variant, homosexual or bisexual person (especially one belonging to a traditional tribal third-gender, fourth-gender or transgender cultural category that has a ceremonial role).

two-stroke engine two-stroke engines n
moteur à deux temps
An engine that works on the two-stroke principle.

two-way street two-way streets n
rue à double sens
A street in which traffic is allowed to proceed in two directions.
donnant-donnant échange de bons procédés
(idiomatic) Any interaction in which both parties give and take equally.

two-wheel tractor two-wheel tractors n
motoculteur
A tractor with one axle, self-powered and self-propelled, which can pull and power various farm implements such as a trailer, cultivator or harrow, a plough, or various seeders and harvesters.

two-wheeler two-wheelers n
deux-roues
A bicycle or motorbike.

twofold /ˈtuːfoʊld/ adj
double
Double; duplicate; multiplied by two.

twosome /ˈtuːsəm/ twosomes n
couple
A group of two; a pair; a couple; a group of two distinct individuals or components.

txt txts n
texto

tycoon /taɪˈkuːn/ tycoons n
magnat tycoon
A wealthy and powerful business person.

tying /ˈtaɪ.ɪŋ/ v
fixation
action of the verb to tie; ligature

tyke /taɪk/ tykes n
bâtard
(dialectal) A mongrel dog.

tympanosclerosis tympanoscleroses n
tympanosclérose

type /taɪp/ types n
type genre
A grouping based on shared characteristics; a class.
caractère
(printing, countable) A letter or character used for printing, historically a cast or engraved block.
type genre style
Preferred sort of person; sort of person that one is attracted to.
type
(mathematics) A part of the partition of the object domain of a logical theory (which due to the existence of such partition, would be called a typed theory). (Note: this corresponds to the notion of "data type" in computing theory.)

type /taɪp/ v
taper dactylographier taper à la machine
To enter text or commands into a computer using a keyboard.
dactylographier taper taper à la machine
To represent by a type, model, or symbol beforehand; to prefigure.

type safety n
sûreté du typage
(programming, compilation) the extent to which a programming language discourages or prevents type errors

typeface typefaces n
police de caractères fonte de caractères police d’écriture
(typography) The particular design of some type, font, or a font family.

typescript /ˈtʌɪpskɹɪpt/ typescripts n
tapuscrit
typewritten material, especially such a copy of a manuscript

typeset v
composer
(intransitive) to be set or composed into type

typesetter typesetters n
typographe compositeur-typographe typo typote
(historical) A person who sets type; an employee in a printshop who manually selected pieces of movable type and assembled them for printing.

typesetting typesettings n
composition
(typography) The setting or composition of written material into type.

typewriter [ˈtaɪpˌɹaɪtə(ɹ)] typewriters n
machine à écrire
A device, at least partially mechanical, used to print text by pressing keys that cause type to be impressed through an inked ribbon onto paper.
dactylo
(archaic) One who uses a typewriter; a typist.

typewritten adj
dactylographié
written using a typewriter

typhoid fever typhoid fevers n
fièvre typhoïde
(pathology) An illness caused by the bacterium serovar Salmonella Typhi. Not to be confused with typhus.

typhoon /taɪˈfun/ /taɪˈfuːn/ typhoons n
typhon
A weather phenomenon in the northwestern Pacific that is precisely equivalent to a hurricane, which results in wind speeds of 64 knots (118 km/h) or above. Equivalent to a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and Indonesia/Australia.

typhus /ˈtaɪfəs/ typhuses n
typhus
(pathology) Any of several similar diseases, characterised by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria. Not to be confused with typhoid fever.

typical /ˈtɪp.ɪk.əl/ more typical most typical adj
typique représentatif
Capturing the overall sense of a thing.

typically /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kli/ /ˈtɪp.ɪ.kəl.i/ more typically most typically adv
typiquement
In a typical or common manner.
habituellement ordinairement
In an expected or customary manner.

typing /ˈtaɪpɪŋ/ typings n
typage
Assigning or classification by type.
dactylographie
The act of typing on a keyboard.

typist /ˈtaɪpɪst/ typists n
dactylo dactylographe
A person who types, a clerical worker who writes letters, etc., using a typewriter.

typo /ˈtaɪpəʊ/ typoes typos n
coquille faute de frappe
A typographical error. [from late 19th c.]

typo /ˈtaɪpəʊ/ v
faire une coquille faire une faute de frappe
To make a typographical error.

typographer typographers n
typographe
A person skilled in typography, a typesetter.
bostryche typographe
A kind of bark beetle, Ips typographus.

typographical adj
typographique
Pertaining to typography or printing.

typographical error typographical errors n
bourdon coquille doublon faute de frappe mastic sauton
A mistake made during the process of typing, especially one caused by a slip of the fingers.

typographically adv
typographiquement
In a typographical manner.

typography /taɪˈpɑɡɹəfi/ /taɪˈpɒɡɹəfi/ typographies n
typographie
The art or practice of setting and arranging type; typesetting.

typological adj
typologique
Of or relating to typology.

typology /taɪˈpɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ typologies n
typologie
The systematic classification of the types of something according to their common characteristics.
(archaeology) The result of the classification of things according to their characteristics.
(linguistics) Classification of languages according to their linguistic trait (as opposed to ancestrality like Romance languages).

typonym typonyms n
typonyme
A name based upon a type, such as a specimen or species.

typosquatting n
typosquattage
(Internet) A form of cybersquatting that involves the registration of domain names likely to be mistyped by users.

tyrannical /taɪ-/ /tɪˈɹænɪkəl/ more tyrannical most tyrannical adj
tyrannique
(not comparable) Of, or relating to tyranny or a tyrant.

tyrannicide /taɪˈɹænɪsaɪd/ tyrannicides n
tyrannicide
The killing of a tyrant.

tyrannize v
tyranniser
(transitive) To oppress (someone).

tyrannosaur tyrannosaurs n
tyrannosaure
Any large bipedal carnivorous dinosaur, of the family Tyrannosauridae, that lived in North America during the Cretaceous period.

tyrannosaurus /tɪˌɹænəˈsɔːɹəs/ tyrannosauri tyrannosauruses n
tyrannosaure
A large carnivorous dinosaur, of the genus Tyrannosaurus, found in North America during the late Cretaceous period.

tyranny /ˈtɪɹəni/ tyrannies n
tyrannie
A government in which a single ruler (a tyrant) has absolute power; this system of government.
The office or jurisdiction of an absolute ruler.
Absolute power, or its use.
Extreme severity or rigour.

tyrant /ˈtaɪɹənt/ tyrants n
tyran
A despot; a ruler who governs unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.
(by extension) Any person who abuses the power of position or office to treat others unjustly, cruelly, or harshly.

tyre /taɪə(ɹ)/ tyres n
pneu pneumatique
The ring-shaped protective covering around a wheel which is usually made of rubber or plastic composite and is either pneumatic or solid.
The metal#Adjective rim, or metal covering on a rim, of a (wooden or metal) wheel, usually of steel or formerly wrought iron, as found on (horse-drawn or railway) carriages and wagons and on locomotives.

tyrosine tyrosines n
tyrosine
(amino acid) A nonessential amino acid 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid found in most animal proteins, especially casein

tzaraath n
lèpre
(Judaism) Any of various disfigurements of a person's skin, hair, clothing, or home understood as a kind of impurity requiring special rituals of atonement.

tzatziki /sæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ /tsæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ /tsɑˈtsi.ki/ /zæˈtsɪ.kɪ/ tzatzikis n
tzatziki
An appetizer made from yoghurt, cucumber, garlic, olive oil and dill or mint; usually served with pitta bread and as a meze

tzitzit tzitziot tzitzis tzitzith n
tsitsis tsitsit tzitzis
The knotted fringes of the tallit.

tête-à-tête /ˌteɪt.əˈteɪt/ /ˌtɛt.əˈtɛt/ tête-à-têtes n
tête-à-tête
A face-to-face meeting, or private conversation between two people, usually in an intimate setting; a head-to-head.

ubac /ˈju.bæk/ /ˈjuː.bæk/ /ˈu.bæk/ /ˈuː.bæk/ ubacs n
ubac
(geography) The shady side of a mountain.

uber- /ˈu.bə(ɹ)/ [ˈjuːbə] [ˈyːbə] [ˈɪuːbə] prefix
mega- super-
(slang, augmentative) Super; really; mega-.

uberisation n
uberisation ubérisation
(business, commerce) The transformation of an existing industry or economy with the help of computing platforms, especially mobile applications, and temporary employment schemes.

uberize v
uberifier ubériser

ubiquitin ubiquitins n
ubiquitine
(protein) Any of a class of small protein, or polypeptide, present in the cells of all eukaryotes, that play a part in modifying and degrading proteins.

ubiquitous /juˈbɪkwɪtəs/ /juːˈbɪkwətəs/ adj
ubiquiste ubiquitaire omniprésent
Being everywhere at once: omnipresent.
ubiquitaire ubiquiste
Appearing to be everywhere at once; being or seeming to be in more than one location at the same time.

ubiquity /juˈbɪkwɪti/ ubiquities n
ubiquité
(uncountable) The state or quality of being, or appearing to be, everywhere at once; actual or perceived omnipresence.

udarnik udarniki udarniks n
oudarnik ouvrier de choc
(historical) A shock worker; a super-productive worker in the Soviet Union and the other countries from the Soviet Bloc.

udder /ˈʌdə/ /ˈʌdɚ/ udders n
pis mamelle tétine
An organ formed of the mammary glands of female quadruped mammals, particularly ruminants such as cattle, goats, sheep and deer.

udon /ˈuːdɒn/ udon udons n
udon
A Japanese wheat noodle.

ufologist /ˌjuːˈfɑləd͡ʒɪst/ ufologists n
ufologue ovniologue
A person who studies UFOs.

ufology /ˌjuːɛfˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /ˌjuːˈfɑləd͡ʒi/ ufologies n
ufologie ovniologie
The study of UFOs.

ugh [ə] [əx] [əχ] [ɯx] [ɯɣ] [ɯʀ̊] [ɯχ] interjection
beurk
Used to express repugnance, disgust, or annoyance.

ugli /ˈʌɡli/ uglis n
ugli
Citrus × paradisi, a cross between a tangerine, Citrus reticulata and grapefruit Citrus paradisi, grown in the West Indies.

uglify /ˈʌɡlɪfaɪ/ v
enlaidir
(transitive) To make ugly; to destroy or worsen the appearance or attractiveness of.

ugliness uglinesses n
laideur mocheté
The condition of being ugly.

ugly /ˈʌɡli/ uglier ugliest adj
laid moche vilain
Displeasing to the eye; aesthetically unpleasing.
vilain
Offensive to one's sensibilities or morality.

ugly as sin adj
laid comme un pou laid comme les sept péchés capitaux
(simile) Extremely ugly.

ugly duckling ugly ducklings n
vilain petit canard vilaine petite canarde
(idiom) A young person who is ugly, but who is expected to become beautiful as they mature.

ugly stick /ˈʌɡli ˌstɪk/ ugly sticks n
bâton laid
(Canada, percussion instrument) A traditional Newfoundland musical instrument fashioned from household and toolshed items, typically a mop handle attached with bottle caps, small bells, tin cans, etc., which are struck with a drumstick while one end of the handle is hit against the floor.

uh /ʌː/ interjection
euh
Expression of thought, confusion, or uncertainty.
Space filler or pause during conversation.

uh-oh /ˈʔʌ.ʔoʊ/ /ˈʔʌ.ʔəʊ/ [ˈʔʌ̆ʔ˦oʊ˨] [ˈʔʌ̆ʔ˦əʊ˨] interjection
oups
(informal) An exclamation of error, concern, or awareness of a problem.

uhlan /ˈ(j)uːlən/ uhlans n
uhlan
(historical) A lancer, a soldier armed with a lance in a former light cavalry unit of the Polish, Prussian/German, Austrian, and Russian armies.

ukase /juːˈkeɪz/ /ˈjuːkeɪs/ ukases n
oukase ukase
An authoritative proclamation; an edict, especially decreed by a Russian czar or later ruler.
(figuratively) Any absolutist order or arrogant proclamation

ukha n
oukha soupe de poisson
A clear Russian fish soup.

ukiyo-e /uː.ˈki.oʊ.ˌeɪ/ /uːˌkiːjəʊˈeɪ/ ukiyo-e n
ukiyo-e
(artistic work) A Japanese painting or woodblock print depicting everyday life. [from 19th c.]

ukulele /juː.kə.ˈleɪ.li/ /ˈʔukuˈlɛlɛ/ ukuleles n
ukulélé
A small four-stringed guitar.

ulcer /ʌlsə/ /ʌlsɚ/ ulcers n
ulcère
(figurative) Anything that festers and corrupts like an open sore; a vice in character.

ulceration ulcerations n
ulcération
The development of an ulcer.

ulcerous /ˈʌl.sɚ.əs/ more ulcerous most ulcerous adj
ulcéreux
Of or relating to an ulcer

ulexite /juˈlɛkˌsaɪt/ /ˈjuː.lɪkˌsaɪt/ ulexites n
ulexite
(mineral) A white mineral with triclinic crystals, NaCaB5O9·8H2O, noted for its fibers which transmit light by internal reflection, such that a piece with flat faces perpendicular to the fibers' orientation displays an image of whatever is adjacent to its other side.

ulna /ˈʌlnə/ ulnae ulnas n
ulna
(anatomy) The bone of the forearm that extends from the elbow to the wrist on the side opposite to the thumb, corresponding to the fibula of the hind limb. Also, the corresponding bone in the forelimb of any vertebrate.

ulnar adj
ulnaire
Of or pertaining to the ulna, or the elbow

ulterior motive ulterior motives n
arrière-pensée idée derrière la tête motif secret
An alternative or extrinsic reason for doing something, especially when concealed or when differing from the stated or apparent reason.

ultima Thule ultima Thules n
ultima Thulé ultime Thulé

ultimate /ˈʌltəmɪt/ /ˈʌltɪmɪt/ adj
ultime
dernier
Final; last in a series.

ultimately /ˈʌl.tə.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mət.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.li/ /ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪt.lɪ/ [ˈʌl.tɪ.mɪɾ.li] adv
ultimo
Indicating the last item.

ultimatum /ˌʌl.tɪˈmeɪ.təm/ ultimata ultimatums n
ultimatum
(diplomacy) A final statement of terms or conditions made by one party to another, especially one that expresses a threat of reprisal or war if the terms are not met before some specified date and time.

ultra light rail n
train ultraléger tram ultraléger

ultra- /ˈʌltɹə/ prefix
ultra-
Excessively, to an extreme, as in ultramicroscopic, ultra-careful.

ultra-Orthodox adj
ultra-orthodoxe

ultra-processed more ultra-processed most ultra-processed adj
ultra-transformé
Very heavily processed.

ultracold more ultracold most ultracold adj
ultrafroid
(physics) Of a temperature close to absolute zero, especially one at which quantum-mechanical properties are observed.

ultracrepidarianism n
ultracrépidarianisme

ultradian adj
ultradien

ultrafilter ultrafilters n
ultrafiltre

ultraism ultraisms n
ultraïsme
(poetry) A Spanish poetic movement opposed to modernism.

ultramarine /ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/ /ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/ more ultramarine most ultramarine adj
ultramarin
(archaic) Beyond the sea.
outremer ultramarin
Of a brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment (noun sense 1).

ultramarine /ˌəltɹəməˈɹin/ /ˌʌltɹəməˈɹiːn/ ultramarines n
outremer
In full ultramarine blue: a brilliant blue pigment traditionally made from ground-up lapis lazuli, and now usually either extracted from mineral deposits or made synthetically.
A brilliant dark blue or slightly purplish colour like that of the pigment.

ultramodern more ultramodern most ultramodern adj
ultramoderne
Extremely modern.

ultramontane more ultramontane most ultramontane adj
ultramontain
(theology) Promoting the supremacy of the Pope.

ultramontanism ultramontanisms n
ultramontanisme
A Roman Catholic philosophy that emphasises the prerogatives and powers of the Pope.

ultranationalism ultranationalisms n
ultranationalisme
Extreme nationalism, the belief in the superiority of one's nation and of the paramount importance of advancing it.

ultraright more ultraright most ultraright adj
extrême droitier extrême-droite
(politics) Extremely right-wing.

ultrasoft ultrasofts n
ultratendre
(motorsports) Ellipsis of ultrasoft tyre.

ultrasonic /ʌltɹəˈsɒnɪk/ more ultrasonic most ultrasonic adj
ultrasonique ultra-sonore ultrasonore
(acoustics) Beyond (higher in frequency than) the range of sound perceptible to the human ear; with a frequency of 20 kilohertz or higher.

ultrasonography ultrasonographies n
échographie

ultrasound ultrasounds n
ultrason ultra-son
(physics) Sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, which is approximately 20 kilohertz.

ultratender more ultratender most ultratender adj
ultratendre

ultraviolet more ultraviolet most ultraviolet adj
ultraviolet
Of electromagnetic radiation beyond (higher in frequency than) light visible to the human eye; radiation with wavelengths from 380 to 10 nanometres.

ululate /ˈjuːljuleɪt/ /ˈʌljəleɪt/ v
hululer ululer
to howl loudly or prolongedly in lamentation or joy

ululation /juːljʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /ʌljʊ-/ /ˌjuljuˈleɪʃən/ /ˌʌljə-/ ululations n
you-you
The act of ululating; a long, loud, wavering cry or howl.

umami /uˈmɑːmi/ n
umami
One of the five basic tastes, the savory taste of foods such as seaweed, cured fish, aged cheeses and meats.

umbel /ʌmbəl/ umbels n
ombelle
(botany) A flat-topped or rounded flower-cluster (= inflorescence) in which the individual flower stalks arise from the same point, the youngest flowers being at the centre.

umbellifer umbellifers n
ombellifère
Any plant of the family Apiaceae, also called Umbelliferae, whose inflorescence is an umbel, such as a carrot or celery.

umbelliferous adj
ombellifère
(botany) Bearing umbels.
(botany) Pertaining to a member of the family Umbelliferae.

umber /ˈʌmbə/ /ˈʌmbɚ/ umbers n
terre d'ombre
A brown clay, somewhat darker than ochre, which contains iron and manganese oxides.
A grayling.
A dusky brown African wading bird (Scopus umbretta) allied to the shoebill and herons; a hamerkop.

umbilical /ʌmbɪlˈaɪ.kəl/ /ʌmˈbɪl.ɪkəl/ more umbilical most umbilical adj
ombilical
Of, or relating to, the navel (umbilicus) or the umbilical cord.

umbilical cord umbilical cords n
cordon ombilical
(anatomy) The flexible structure connecting a foetus with the placenta; it transports nourishment to the foetus and removes waste.

umbra /ˈʌmbɹə/ umbrae umbras umbræ n
ombre
(astronomy) The central region of a sunspot.

umbrage /ˈʌm.bɹɪd͡ʒ/ umbrages n
ombrage
A feeling of anger or annoyance caused by something offensive.
(obsolete) Shadow; shade.

umbrage /ˈʌm.bɹɪd͡ʒ/ v
ombrager
(transitive) To shade.

umbrella /ʌmˈbɹɛlə/ /ˈʌmbɹɛlə/ umbrellas n
parapluie pébroc
A cloth-covered frame used for protection against rain or sun.
ombrelle
The main body of a jellyfish, excluding the tentacles.

umbrella stand umbrella stands n
porte-parapluie porte-parapluies

umbrella term umbrella terms n
terme générique
A term used to cover a broad category of things rather than a single specific item.

umbrella tree umbrella trees n
parasolier
An African corkwood (Musanga cecropioides).

umeshu n
umeshu
A Japanese liqueur made by steeping unripe ume fruits in alcohol (or saké) and sugar.

umlaut /ˈum.laʊt/ /ˈʊm.laʊt/ /ˈʌm.laʊt/ umlaute umlauts n
métaphonie
(linguistics) An assimilatory process whereby a vowel is pronounced more like a following vocoid that is separated by one or more consonants.
(linguistics) A vowel so assimilated.
métaphonie tréma
(orthography) The diacritical mark ( ¨ ) placed over a vowel when it indicates a (rounded) front vowel

ummah /ˈʊmə/ ummahs n
oumma umma
(Islam) The worldwide Muslim community.

umpire /ˈʌm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ umpires n
arbitre
(tennis, badminton) The official who presides over a tennis match sat on a high chair.
(law) A person who arbitrates between contending parties.

umpire /ˈʌm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ v
arbitrer
(sports, intransitive) To act as an umpire in a game.

umpteen /ˈʌmp.tiːn/ determiner
trente-six trente-six mille trente-six-mille
(informal, often, _, slightly, _, derogatory) Relatively large but unspecified in number.

umpteenth /ˈʌmp.tiːnθ/ adj
ixième énième
(informal, often, _, slightly, _, derogatory) Occurring in a relatively large but unspecified position in a sequence.

umptieth adj
ennième n-ième énième
(informal) A generic ordinal number; a last or one of the latest in a long series; implies repetition.

un- /an/ /ʌn/ prefix
in- mal non-
(added to adjectives or past participles) not
in- non-
(added to nouns) lack of
in- anti- non-
(added to nouns) contrary to traditional norms; unconventional
dé- dés-
(rare) intensifying a verb that already suggests opposition or removal

un-unravelable more un-unravelable most un-unravelable adj
indénouable
(rare) That cannot be unravelled; (by extension) difficult to understand.

unabashed /ˌʌnəˈbæʃt/ more unabashed most unabashed adj
éhonté
Not disconcerted or embarrassed.
ouvert éhonté évident
Of actions, emotions, facts, etc.: that are not concealed or disguised, or not eliciting shame.

unable /ʌnˈeɪbəl/ more unable most unable unabler unablest adj
incapable
Not able; lacking a certain ability.

unacceptability unacceptabilities n
inacceptabilité
The property of being unacceptable.

unacceptable /ˌʌn.æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/ /ˌʌn.ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bl̩/ [ˌɐn.æk.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] [ˌɐn.ək.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] [ˌɐn.ɪ̞k.ˈsɛp.tə.bɫ̩] more unacceptable most unacceptable adj
inacceptable
unsatisfactory; not acceptable

unaccountable /ˌʌnəˈkaʊntəbl̩/ more unaccountable most unaccountable adj
qui [[n'a]] pas de compte à rendre
not responsible; free from accountability or control.

unaccountably more unaccountably most unaccountably adv
inexplicablement
Not able to be explained logically. Without being accountable, or reasonable.

unadapted adj
inadapté inadaptée
Not adapted.

unadorned /əˌnʌˈdɔːɹnd/ /ʌˌnəˈdɔːnd/ more unadorned most unadorned adj
dépouillé fioritures ornements simple sobre
Having no additional decoration or embellishment; plain and simple

unadvised more unadvised most unadvised adj
malavisé
Not having received advice.

unaffectionate more unaffectionate most unaffectionate adj
inattentionné

unaffordable more unaffordable most unaffordable adj
hors de prix impayable inabordable
Too expensive to be afforded.

unafraid /ʌnəˈfɹeɪd/ adj
sans peur
Not afraid.

unaltered adj
inaltéré
Remaining in its initial state; not changed.

unambiguous more unambiguous most unambiguous adj
sans équivoque
Clear, and having no uncertainty or ambiguity.

unambitious more unambitious most unambitious adj
peu ambitieux sans ambition
having little ambition for success or achievement

unamusing more unamusing most unamusing adj
barbant barbante déplaisant déplaisante
Not amusing.

unanimity /juːnəˈnɪmɪti/ unanimities n
unanimité
The condition of agreement by all parties, the state of being unanimous.

unanimous /juˈnænəməs/ /juːˈnanɪməs/ adj
unanime
Based on unanimity, assent or agreement.
Sharing the same views or opinions, and being in harmony or accord.

unanimously more unanimously most unanimously adv
unanimement à l'unanimité
In a unanimous manner; without objection.

unannounced adj
inopiné
Not announced beforehand.

unapologetic more unapologetic most unapologetic adj
impénitent
Not apologetic for having said or done something that causes actual or potential harm, especially when being apologetic would be appropriate.

unappetizing more unappetizing most unappetizing adj
peu appétissant
Not appetizing.

unappreciative more unappreciative most unappreciative adj
ingrat

unarchiver unarchivers n
désarchiveur

unarmed /ˌʌnˈɑɹmd/ adj
arme armé
Defenceless and lacking weapons.
Lacking both weapons and protective armour.

unashamed /ˌʌnəˈʃeɪmd/ adj
éhonté
feeling or showing no shame, embarrassment or remorse

unassailable /ˌʌnəˈseɪləbl̩/ more unassailable most unassailable adj
inattaquable inexpugnable
Secure against attack; impregnable.
incontestable indéniable
(by extension) Undeniable, incontestable or incontrovertible.

unassuming /ʌnəˈsjuːmɪŋ/ more unassuming most unassuming adj
sans prétention
Modest and having no pretensions or ostentation.

unattainable more unattainable most unattainable adj
inatteignable
Impossible to attain or reach; unable to accomplish

unattested more unattested most unattested adj
inattesté
Not supported by attestation; lacking supporting evidence in the form of assurance from an authority.

unattractive more unattractive most unattractive adj
tocard
Not handsome or beautiful or appealing.

unavailability unavailabilities n
indisponibilité
The state of being unavailable

unavailable /ˌʌnəˈveɪləbəl/ more unavailable most unavailable adj
indisponible
Not available. [from 19th c.]

unavailing more unavailing most unavailing adj
inutile futile infructueux vain
Fruitless, futile, useless.

unavoidable /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/ more unavoidable most unavoidable adj
inévitable
Impossible to avoid; bound to happen.

unavoidably more unavoidably most unavoidably adv
inéluctablement inévitablement
In an unavoidable manner.

unawareness unawarenesses n
méconnaissance

unawares /ˌʌnəˈwɛə(ɹ)z/ adv
au dépourvu à l'improviste
Unexpectedly or by surprise.
à l'improviste
Without plan or forethought.

unbalance v
désaxer déséquilibrer
(transitive) To cause to be out of balance.

unbearable more unbearable most unbearable adj
insupportable invivable
So unpleasant or painful as to be unendurable.

unbearably more unbearably most unbearably adv
insoutenablement insupportablement
In an unbearable manner, not bearably, in a way unable to be borne

unbeatable adj
imbattable
That cannot be beaten, defeated or overcome

unbeknownst /ˌʌnbɪˈnoʊnst/ adv
à l’insu de
(followed by to) without the knowledge of

unbelief /ʌnbɪˈliːf/ unbeliefs n
incrédulité
An absence (or rejection) of belief, especially religious belief

unbelievable /ˌʌnbəˈliːvəbl̩/ more unbelievable most unbelievable adj
incroyable
(figuratively) Amazing, incredible; so surprising that one is almost unable to believe.
Implausible or improbable.

unbelievably more unbelievably most unbelievably adv
incroyablement
(manner) In a manner that one does not or cannot believe.
(evaluative) Contrary to expectations, amazingly.
extrêmement incroyablement très
(degree) To an extent not to be believed.

unbelieving more unbelieving most unbelieving adj
incrédule
That does not believe; incredulous, skeptical.

unbend /ʌnˈbɛnd/ v
redresser se détendre
To remove a bend so as to make, or allow to become, straight.

unbending more unbending most unbending adj
inflexible
inflexible and not yielding

unbewitch v
désensorceler
(transitive) To free from a curse or enchantment.

unbibium /ˌuːnbaɪˈbaɪəm/ n
unbibium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 122 (symbol Ubb).

unbiblical adj
anti-biblique
Not biblical; contrary to biblical teachings.

unbind /ʌnˈbaɪnd/ v
détacher
(transitive) To take bindings off.

unbinilium n
unbinilium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 120 (symbol Ubn).

unbirthday /ʌnˈbɜːθ.deɪ/ /ʌnˈbɝθ.deɪ/ unbirthdays n
non-anniversaire

unbiunium n
unbiunium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with atomic number 121 (symbol Ubu).

unbolt v
déboulonner déverrouiller
(transitive) To unlock by undoing the bolts of.

unborn adj
naître
Not yet delivered; still existing in the mother's womb.

unboxing unboxings n
déballage
The removal of something from its box; an unpacking.
unboxing
(object-oriented programming) Automatic conversion of objects back to value types.

unbreakable more unbreakable most unbreakable adj
incassable
Difficult or impossible to break and therefore able to withstand rough usage.

unbreathable more unbreathable most unbreathable adj
irrespirable
Not suitable for breathing.

unbridle v
débrider
(transitive) To remove the bridle, and other tack, from (a horse or other animal).
(transitive, figurative) To remove restraint from.

unbridled more unbridled most unbridled adj
débridé
Not fitted with a bridle.
(by extension) Without restraint or limit.

unbroken /ʌnˈbɹoʊkn̩/ /ʌnˈbɹəʊkn̩/ adj
entier
Whole, not divided into parts.
continu ininterrompu
Continuous, without interruption.

unbuckle v
déboucler
(transitive) to unfasten (the buckle of (a belt, shoe, etc))

unburstable adj
increvable
Impossible to burst; not burstable.

unbutton /ʌnˈbʌtən/ v
déboutonner
(intransitive, ergative) To come open by having its buttons unfastened.

unbuyable adj
inachetable
Impossible to buy; that one cannot buy.

uncanny /ʌnˈkæni/ uncannier uncanniest adj
étrange déroutant déroutante troublant
Strange, and mysteriously unsettling (as if supernatural); weird.

uncanny valley n
vallée de l’étrange vallée dérangeante
(psychology) A range of appearances, mannerisms, and/or behaviors of a humanoid figure that are subtly different from human and thereby cause feelings of discomfort, such as fear or revulsion.

uncap /ʌnˈkæp/ v
décapsuler
(transitive) To remove a physical cap or cover from.

uncapable adj
incapable
(obsolete) Not capable; incapable.

uncaringness n
indifférence
The state or condition of being uncaring.

unceremonious more unceremonious most unceremonious adj
incérémonieux
Not ceremonious.

unceremoniously more unceremoniously most unceremoniously adv
abruptement brusquement sans cérémonie

uncertain /ʌnˈsɜːtn̩/ /ʌnˈsɝtn̩/ more uncertain most uncertain adj
incertain
Not known for certain; questionable.
Not yet determined; undecided.
Variable and subject to change.

uncertainly /-lɪ/ /ʌnˈsɜːtn̩li/ /ʌnˈsɝtn̩li/ more uncertainly most uncertainly adv
aléatoirement confusément
In an uncertain manner.

uncertainty /ʌnˈsɜːtənti/ /ʌnˈsɝtənti/ uncertainties n
incertitude
(uncountable) Doubt; the condition of being uncertain or without conviction.

unchain /ʌnˈt͡ʃeɪn/ v
déchainer déchaîner libérer
(transitive) To remove chains from; to free; to liberate.

uncheck /ʌnˈt͡ʃɛk/ v
décocher
(travel, aviation) To remove a previously checked-in passenger from the check-in system, allowing changes to the ticket.

uncivilized /ʌnˈsɪvəlaɪzd/ more uncivilized most uncivilized adj
incivilisé
Used to describe people who display a marked lack of manners as defined by a given culture.

unclasp v
dégrafer
(transitive) to release the clasp from something

unclassifiable /ʌnˈklæsɪfaɪ.əbəl/ adj
inclassable
Incapable of being classified.

uncle /ˈʌŋ.kl̩/ uncles n
oncle tonton
The brother or brother-in-law of one’s parent.

uncle-in-law uncles-in-law n
bel-oncle oncle par alliance
(nonstandard) The husband of one's uncle or aunt (parent's sibling).
The uncle of one's husband.
bel-oncle
The uncle of one's wife.

unclean /ʌnˈkliːn/ uncleaner uncleanest adj
impur
Not moral or chaste.
Ritually or ceremonially impure or unfit.

unclear /ʌnˈklɪə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈklɪɚ/ more unclear most unclear unclearer unclearest adj
flou

unclouded adj
nuage
Not cloudy; clear.

uncombinable adj
incombinable
Not combinable. Incapable of being combined.

uncomfortable /ʌnˈkʌm.fə.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌm.fɚ.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkʌmf.tɚ.bəl/ more uncomfortable most uncomfortable adj
inconfortable incommode
Not comfortable; causing discomfort.

uncomment v
décommenter

uncompromising more uncompromising most uncompromising adj
carré
Inflexible and unwilling to negotiate or make concessions.

unconcernedly more unconcernedly most unconcernedly adv
[[d']]un air indifférent nonchalamment
In an unconcerned manner.

unconditional /ˌʌnkənˈdɪʃənəl/ more unconditional most unconditional adj
inconditionnel
Absolute; without conditions, limitations, reservations or qualifications.

unconditional election n
élection inconditionnelle
(theology) A Christian doctrine, one of the five points of Calvinism, stating that Jesus Christ's substitutionary atonement on the cross is extended to those predestined to become a believer, at God's discretion and without condition.

unconditionally more unconditionally most unconditionally adv
inconditionnellement
Without condition, absolutely.

unconscionable /ənˈkɔn.ʃən.bəl/ /ənˈkɔn.ʃən.ə.bəl/ /ənˈkɔnʃ.nə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkɑn.ʃən.bəl/ /ʌnˈkɑn.ʃən.ə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkɑnʃ.nə.bəl/ /ʌnˈkɒn.ʃən.bəl/ /ʌnˈkɒn.ʃən.ə.bəl/ more unconscionable most unconscionable adj
sans scrupules
Not conscionable; unscrupulous and lacking principles or conscience.
déraisonnable
Excessive, imprudent or unreasonable.

unconscionably more unconscionably most unconscionably adv
déraisonnablement
In an unconscionable manner.

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ more unconscious most unconscious adj
inconscient
Not awake; having no awareness.
subconscient
(psychology) Without directed thought or awareness.

unconscious /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəs/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəs/ unconsciouses n
subconscient
(psychology) That part of mind that is not consciously perceived.

unconsciously /ˌʌnˈkɑnʃəsli/ /ˌʌnˈkɒnʃəsli/ more unconsciously most unconsciously adv
inconsciemment
In an unconscious manner; unknowingly

unconsciousness unconsciousnesses n
inconscience
The state of lacking consciousness, of being unconscious

unconstitutional more unconstitutional most unconstitutional adj
anticonstitutionnel inconstitutionnel
Contrary to or violative of the constitution of a state or other sovereign institution. [18th C.]

unconstitutionality unconstitutionalities n
inconstitutionnalité
(legal) The status of being unconstitutional, or of not being in accord with the provisions of a constitution.

unconstitutionally more unconstitutionally most unconstitutionally adv
inconstitutionnellement
In a manner or to an extent that is unconstitutional.

uncontrollable more uncontrollable most uncontrollable adj
incontrôlable
Not able to be controlled, contained or governed.

uncontrolled more uncontrolled most uncontrolled adj
incontrôlé
Not controlled; not under control.

unconvincing more unconvincing most unconvincing adj
peu convaincant
not convincing, plausible or believable

uncooked more uncooked most uncooked adj
incuit
Raw and not cooked, especially of something that should be, or is sometimes cooked.

uncooked rice n
riz cru
(This entry is a translation hub.)

uncork /ʌnˈkɔː(ɹ)k/ v
déboucher
(transitive) To open (a bottle or other container sealed with a cork or stopper) by removing the cork or stopper from.

uncountable /ʌnˈkaʊntəbəl/ adj
indénombrable
So many as to be incapable of being counted.
(mathematics) Incapable of being put into one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers or any subset thereof.
(grammar, of a noun) That cannot be used freely with numbers or the indefinite article, and therefore usually takes no plural form. Example: information.

uncountable set uncountable sets n
ensemble non dénombrable
(mathematics) A set, containing infinite number of elements, whose elements can not be mapped one-to-one to the natural numbers. A set with a cardinality greater than that of the set of natural numbers.

uncouth /ʌnˈkuːθ/ more uncouth most uncouth uncouther uncouthest adj
rustre
Unrefined, crude.

uncover /ʌnˈkʌvə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈkʌvɚ/ v
découvrir
To remove a cover from.

uncreated adj
incréé

uncrushable adj
inécrasable

unction /ʌŋkʃən/ unctions n
onction
An ointment or salve.
A religious or ceremonial anointing.

unctuous /-tjʊəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)(t)ʃəwəs/ /ˈʌŋ(k)t͡ʃʊəs/ more unctuous most unctuous adj
onctueux
Of a liquid, semisolid, or other substance: having the nature or properties of an unguent or ointment; greasy, oily.
doucereux mielleux patelin
Profusely polite, especially in an insincere and unpleasant manner.

uncultured more uncultured most uncultured adj
inculte
Not cultured or civilized; lacking in delicacy or refinement.

uncut adj
non coupé
Not cut.
(of a gemstone) Not cut or ground to the desired shape.

undated adj
non daté sans date
Not marked with a date.

undead /ʌnˈdɛd/ adj
mort-vivant
(horror fiction) Being animate, though non-living.

undead /ʌnˈdɛd/ n
mort-vivant
(horror fiction) Those creatures which are undead; that is, dead yet still animate.

undecagon undecagons n
undécagone
(geometry) A polygon with eleven sides and eleven angles.

undecided more undecided most undecided adj
hésitant indécis velléitaire

undecillion /ˌʌndəˈsɪl.i.ən/ undecillions numeral
undécillion
(US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1036.
(dated British & Australian, long scale) 1066.

undeclared work n
travail au noir travail non déclaré
work for which payment is made but no taxation is paid

undefeated adj
invaincu invaincue
Never defeated; always victorious.

undefined adj
indéfini
Lacking a definition or value.
(mathematics, computing) That does not have a meaning and is thus not assigned an interpretation.

undeniable /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.(j)ə.bəɫ/ /ˌʌn.dɪˈnaɪ.ə.bl̩/ adj
indéniable
Irrefutable, or impossible to deny.

undeniably more undeniably most undeniably adv
indéniablement incontestablement indisputablement
In an undeniable manner, or to an undeniable extent.

undependable more undependable most undependable adj
pas fiable
Not dependable.

undeposable adj
indéposable

under /ˈʊndə/ /ˈʌndə/ /ˈʌndəɹ/ [ˈɐn.də(ɹ)] [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] adv
dessous moins
In or to a lower or subordinate position, or a position beneath or below something, physically or figuratively.

under /ˈʊndə/ /ˈʌndə/ /ˈʌndəɹ/ [ˈɐn.də(ɹ)] [ˈʌn(ɾ)ɚ] [ˈʌɾ̃ɚ] preposition
sous
At the bottom of or in the area covered or surmounted by.
From one side of to the other, passing beneath.
Subordinate to; subject to the control of; in accordance with; in compliance with.
Using or adopting (a name, identity, etc.).
sous moins de
Less than.

under arrest
en état d'arrestation
Arrested by the police.

under control
sous contrôle
(idiom) Being taken care of or being addressed.

under no circumstance
en aucun cas sous aucun prétexte
In no case, whatever happens; never.

under no circumstances
en aucun cas
(idiomatic) never ever, not for any reason

under oath
sous serment
Having sworn or affirmed in a legally binding way to tell the truth.

under one's belt
derrière la cravate à son actif
Already done; within one's experience; practiced.

under one's breath
dans sa barbe entre ses dents à voix basse
(of something said) Softly, so as not to be heard.

under one's own steam /ˌʌndə ˈwʌnz əʊn ˈstiːm/ /ˌʌndɚ ˈwʌnz oʊn ˈstim/
par ses propres moyens
Using one's own resources; independently, unaided.

under one's wing
prendre sous son aile

under someone's nose
au nez et à la barbe
(idiomatic) directly in front of one; clearly visible
sous le nez de
(idiomatic) obvious or apparent

under the counter more under the counter most under the counter adv
sous le comptoir
Illicitly, against regulations, of goods kept under the serving counter in a shop to be unobtrusively passed to a customer who knows they are available for surreptitious sale (e.g. pornographic magazines in a newsagent).

under the hood
sous le capot
(figurative) Beneath the surface; in its internal workings.

under the influence adv
sous l'effet sous l'influence
(idiomatic) Intoxicated, inebriated, or otherwise stupefied by an ingested mind-altering substance, typically alcohol; drunk.

under the knife /ˌʌndə ðə ˈnaɪf/ /ˌʌndəɹ ðə ˈnaɪf/
passer sur le billard sur le billard
(informal) Chiefly preceded by a form of go: undergoing a surgical procedure; into surgery.

under the radar
sous les radars
(idiomatic) Without attracting notice; in an undetected or secretive manner.

under the stars
à la belle étoile

under the weather /ˈʌndə ðə ˈwɛðə/ /ˈʌndɚ ðə ˈwɛðɚ/ adj
ne pas être dans son assiette
(idiomatic) ill or gloomy, especially from a cold or flu.
(idiomatic) Somewhat intoxicated or suffering from a hangover.

under way
en cours
(idiomatic) In operation, in progress, commenced.
erre
(nautical, of a vessel) moving through the water; not anchored, moored, aground, or beached.

under wraps
caché secret
In secrecy or in hiding.

under- prefix
sous-
Deficient, below what is correct, insufficient

underage /ˌʌndəɹˈeɪd͡ʒ/ adj
mineur
Below the legal age for some activity, such as drinking or having sex.
Not yet a legal adult; still a minor.

underappreciated adj
insuffisamment apprécié méconnu mésestimé pas apprécié à sa juste valeur sous-estimé sous-valorisé

underbrush underbrushes n
sous-bois
The small trees and other plants that clutter the floor of a forest.

undercoat undercoats n
sous-couche
A coat of paint or other material applied onto a surface before that of a topcoat; a coloured primer.

undercover /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌvə(ɹ)/ more undercover most undercover adj
clandestin secret
Performed or happening in secret.
secret
Employed or engaged in spying or secret investigation.

undercover /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌvə(ɹ)/ undercovers n
agent secret
A person who works undercover.

undercurrent /ˈʌndəkʌɹ(ə)nt/ /ˈʌndɚˌkʌɹənt/ undercurrents n
courant sous-marin sous-courant
A current of water which flows under the surface, and often in a different direction from surface currents.
courant sous-jacent
(figuratively) A tendency of feeling or opinion that is concealed rather than exposed.

undercut /ˈʌndə(ɹ)kʌt/ /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈkʌt/ undercuts n
cran de chute entaille directionnelle
The notch cut in a tree to direct its fall when being felled.

underdeveloped more underdeveloped most underdeveloped adj
sous-développé
having a low level of economic productivity and technological sophistication

underdevelopment underdevelopments n
sous-développement

underdog underdogs n
outsider
A competitor thought unlikely to win.

underequipped more underequipped most underequipped adj
sous-équipé
Lacking sufficient equipment

underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mɪt/ underestimates n
sous-estimation
An estimate that is too low.

underestimate /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.meɪt/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mət/ /ʌndɚˈɛs.tɪ.mɪt/ v
sous-estimer
(transitive) To estimate too low; to perceive (someone or something) as having a lower value, quantity, worth, etc., than what he/she/it actually has.

underexperienced more underexperienced most underexperienced adj
sous-expérimenté

underexpose v
sous-exposer
(photography) To take a photograph using too small an exposure
To provide with insufficient publicity

underfeed v
sous-alimenter
To feed inadequately or insufficiently.

underfloor heating n
chauffage au sol
Any of various central heating (and sometimes cooling) systems that achieve indoor climate control for thermal comfort using conduction, radiation, and convection.

underfoot /ʌndəˈfʊt/ /ʌndɚˈfʊt/ adv
sous les pieds
Under one's foot or feet.

undergarment /ˌʌn.də(ɹ).ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ /ˌʌn.dɚ.ˈɡɑɹ.mənt/ undergarments n
sous-vêtement
Any garment worn underneath others, especially one worn next to the skin; an item of underwear.

undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡoʊ/ v
subir
(transitive) To experience; to pass through a phase.
(transitive) To suffer or endure; bear with.

undergraduate undergraduates n
étudiant de licence
A student at a university who has not yet received a degree.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ more underground most underground adj
souterrain alternatif underground
(not comparable) Below the ground; below the surface of the Earth.
souterrain clandestin
(figurative) Hidden, furtive, secretive.
alternatif underground
(of, _, music, art, _, etc.) Outside the mainstream, especially unofficial and hidden from the authorities.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ more underground most underground adv
sous la terre sous terre
Below the ground.

underground /ˈʌndəɡɹaʊnd/ /ˈʌndɚɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndəˈɡɹaʊnd/ /ˌʌndɚˈɡɹaʊnd/ undergrounds n
mouvement clandestin organisation clandestine résistance
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist political convention.
mouvement clandestin mouvement d'avant-garde organisation clandestine résistance underground
(with, _, definite article) A movement or organisation of people who resist artistic convention.

undergrowth undergrowths n
sous-bois broussailles maquis
The plants in a forest which only reach a relatively low height (such as shrubs and bushes).

underhand /ˈʌn.də(ɹ)ˌ(h)ænd/ more underhand most underhand adj
sournois
(by extension) dishonest and sneaky; done in a secret or sly manner

underlay /ˈʌndəɹˌleɪ/ underlays n
sous-couche
A soft floor covering that lies under a carpet.

underline /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/ /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/ /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/ /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/ underlines n
soulignement
A line placed underneath a piece of text in order to provide emphasis or to indicate that it should be viewed in italics or (in electronic documents) that it acts as a hyperlink.
(dated) A caption beneath a photograph (which may have more than one line of text).

underline /ˈʌndəˌlaɪn/ /ˈʌndɚˌlaɪn/ /ˌʌndəˈlaɪn/ /ˌʌndɚˈlaɪn/ v
souligner
To draw a line underneath something, especially to add emphasis; to underscore
souligner attention
(figuratively) To emphasise or stress something

underling underlings n
sous-fifre subordonné
A subordinate, or person of lesser rank or authority.

underlying adj
sous-jacent
lying underneath
basic or fundamental
implicit

undermine /ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/ /ˌʌn.dɚˈmaɪn/ v
saper
To dig underneath (something), to make a passage for destructive or military purposes; to sap. [from 14th c.]
saper miner
(figuratively) To weaken or work against; to hinder, sabotage. [from 15th c.]

undern n
casse-croûte goûter
(UK, dialectal) A light meal, particularly in the afternoon. [from 17th c.]

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ adj
d'en dessous du dessous
Under, lower.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ adv
dessous
Below; in a place beneath.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ underneaths n
dessous
A background radio sound track played during a specific announcement or program.

underneath /ʌndəˈniθ/ /ʌndɚˈnið/ /ʌndɚˈniθ/ preposition
sous dessous en dessous
Under, below, beneath.
sous
Under the control or power of.

underpants /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌpænts/ n
caleçon bobettes calcif
underwear covering the genitalia and often buttocks, usually going no higher than the navel.

underpass underpasses n
passage souterrain souterrain
A passage that crosses a road, railroad or similar obstacle in a tunnel underneath it.

underpay v
sous-payer
(transitive) To pay (someone) less than the value of their work; to pay (someone) insufficiently.

underpin /ˈʌn.dɚˌpɪn/ /ˌʌn.dəˈpɪn/ /ˌʌn.dɚˈpɪn/ v
étayer
(transitive) To support from below with props or masonry.
soutenir étayer supporter
(transitive, figuratively) To give support to; to form a basis of; to corroborate.

underpinning underpinnings n
soubassement
A support or foundation, especially as a structure of masonry that supports a wall.

underprivileged more underprivileged most underprivileged adj
défavorisé
Deprived of the opportunities and advantages of others, usually through no fault of one's own.

underqualified more underqualified most underqualified adj
sous-qualifié

underrate v
sous-estimer
(transitive) to underestimate; to make too low a rate or estimate

underrated more underrated most underrated adj
mésestimé sous-estimé trop peu connu
Not given enough recognition for its quality

underrepresentation underrepresentations n
sous-représentation

underruff v
faire pipi pisser

underscore /ˈʌn.dəˌskɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʌn.dɚˌskɔɹ/ underscores n
blanc souligné souligné sous-tiret tiret bas tiret du 8
A line drawn or printed beneath text; the character _.

underscore /ˌʌn.dəˈskɔː(ɹ)/ /ˌʌn.dɚˈskɔɹ/ v
souligner
To underline; to mark a line beneath text.
To emphasize or draw attention to.

undersecretary undersecretaries n
sous-secrétaire
An administrator immediately subordinate to a head of a government department or to a member of a cabinet

undersigned adj
soussigné
(of a person) Having signed at the end of a document.

undersigned undersigned undersigneds n
soussigné soussignée
A person, mentioned in a document, whose name and signature appears at the end.

underslide underslides n
coulisse
(musical instruments, lutherie, bowmaking) The metal slide attached to the frog and sitting between the frog and the stick of a bow.

understand /(ˌ)ʌndəˈstænd/ /ˌɞndəɹˈstand/ /ˌʌndɚˈstænd/ [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈsteə̯nd] [ˌʌɾ̃ɚˈstæ̃nd] v
comprendre
(transitive) (of communication or means of communication: words, statements, signs, etc.) To know the meaning of; to parse or have parsed correctly; to comprehend.
(transitive, usually with clause as object) To comprehend a fact or principle; to regard or come to regard a belief as such.
(transitive) (of people) To know the intent, motives or character of; (of events) to know the causes of or reasons for.
(transitive) To believe, to think one grasps sufficiently despite potentially incomplete knowledge.

understandability understandabilities n
compréhensibilité
The property of being understandable.

understandable more understandable most understandable adj
compréhensible comprenable
Capable of being understood; comprehensible.

understandably more understandably most understandably adv
comme on peut le comprendre
For reasons that are easy to understand or sympathise with.
intelligiblement
In an understandable manner.

understanding /ʌndəˈstandɪŋ/ /ˌʌndɚˈstændɪŋ/ understandings n
compréhension
(gerund, uncountable) The act of one that understands or comprehends; comprehension; knowledge; discernment.
(countable) Reason or intelligence; ability to grasp the full meaning of knowledge; ability to infer.
(uncountable) Sympathy.

understated more understated most understated adj
réfréné sans prétention
Restrained and unpretentious.

understatement understatements n
litote peu dire
An incomplete disclosure that intentionally withholds relevant information.

understood /ʌndəɹˈstʊd/ more understood most understood adj
compris
Having been comprehended.

understood /ʌndəɹˈstʊd/ interjection
compris
Indicates comprehension on the part of the speaker.

understory /ˈʌndəstɔːɹi/ /ˈʌndɚˌstoɹi/ understories understorys n
sous-bois
(ecology, also, attributively) The (layer of) plants that grow in the shade of the canopy of a forest above the forest floor.

understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi/ /ˈʌndɚstʌdi/ understudies n
doublure
A performer who understudies; a standby.

understudy /ˈʌndəstʌdi/ /ˈʌndɚstʌdi/ v
doubler
To study or know a role to such an extent as to be able to replace the normal performer when required.

undertake /ʌndəˈteɪk/ v
entreprendre
(transitive) To take upon oneself; to start, to embark on (a specific task etc.).

undertaker /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkə(ɹ)/ /ˌʌndə(ɹ)ˈteɪkə(ɹ)/ undertakers n
croque-mort directeur de funérailles directrice de funérailles thanatologue
A funeral director; someone whose business is to manage funerals, burials and cremations.
entrepreneur
(rare) One who undertakes or commits to doing something.

undertaking /ˈʌndə(ɹ)ˌteɪkɪŋ/ undertakings n
entreprise
That which is undertaken; any business, work, or project which a person engages in, or attempts to perform; an enterprise.

underteacher underteachers n
sous-maître sous-maîtresse
(dated) A lower-ranking teacher; an assistant teacher.

undertone /ˈʌndə(ɹ)təʊn/ undertones n
sous-entendu
An implicit message perceived subtly alongside, but not detracting noticeably from, the explicit message conveyed in or by a book, film, speech or similar (contrast with overtone); an undercurrent.
nuance
A pale colour, or one seen underneath another colour.

undertow undertows n
courant de retour reflux
A short-range flow of water returning seaward from the waves breaking on the shore.

underuse underuses n
sous-utilisation
The act of using (something) less than expected.

underwater /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈwɔːtə/ /ʌndɚˈwɔtəɹ/ more underwater most underwater adj
sous-marin
(not comparable) Beneath the surface of the water; of or pertaining to the region beneath the water surface.

underway /ʌndə(ɹ)ˈweɪ/ more underway most underway adv
en cours
In motion, in progress; being done or carried out; on a journey.

underwear /ˈʌndəwɛə/ /ˈʌndɚwɚ/ /ˈʌndɚˌwɛɹ/ n
sous-vêtement
Clothes worn next to the skin, underneath outer clothing.

underweight more underweight most underweight adj
maigre
Of an inappropriately or unusually low weight.

underwhelm v
décevoir
To fail to impress; to perform disappointingly.

underwhelming more underwhelming most underwhelming adj
décevant
Failing to interest; not as exciting as promised or expected.

underwired /ˌʌndəˈwʌɪəd/ adj
armaturé

underworld underworlds n
Enfers au-delà autre monde
(religion, or, mythology) The world of the dead, located underneath the world of the living; the afterlife.
pègre
That part of society that is engaged in crime or vice, and particularly those involved in organized crime.

undeserved more undeserved most undeserved adj
immérité injustifié
Not deserved, earned or merited; unjustifiable or unfair.

undesirable more undesirable most undesirable adj
indésirable
Objectionable or not likely to please.

undestroyable more undestroyable most undestroyable adj
indestructible
Not able to be destroyed; indestructible.

undetectable more undetectable most undetectable adj
indétectable
Unable to be detected; not detectable.

undethronable adj
indétrônable

undethroned adj
indétrôné

undiluted adj
pur
Not diluted or mixed with other substances.
(figurative) Pure; unadulterated; free from extraneous elements.

undine /ˈʌndiːn/ undines n
ondine
A female water-sprite or nymph.

undo /ʌnˈduː/ v
défaire annuler
To reverse the effects of an action.
(figuratively) To impoverish or ruin, as in reputation; to cause the downfall of.
défaire délier
To unfasten.

undoable more undoable most undoable adj
infaisable
Not doable; impossible to do.

undocumented immigrant undocumented immigrants n
sans-papiers

undoer undoers n
défaiseur
one who undoes.

undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/ more undoubtedly most undoubtedly adv
sans doute
Without doubt; definitely.

undownable /ʌnˈdaʊn.ə.bəl/ adj
incontournable primordial
(rare) Undeniably important; which cannot be played down or ignored.
inamovible inflexible irrépressible résilient
(rare) Invincible; which cannot be brought down or overcome.

undress /ʌnˈdɹɛs/ v
déshabiller
(intransitive) To remove one’s clothing. [from 17th c.]
(transitive) To remove the clothing of (someone). [from 17th c.]

undressed more undressed most undressed adj
déshabillé
Having partially or completely removed one's clothes.

undrinkable more undrinkable most undrinkable adj
imbuvable
Not drinkable.

undulate /ˈʌndjəleɪt/ /ˈʌndjələt/ /ˈʌndjəlɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊleɪt/ /ˈʌndjʊlɪt/ /ˈʌndəleɪt/ /ˈʌndələt/ /ˈʌndəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒələt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒəlɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊleɪt/ /ˈʌnd͡ʒʊlɪt/ v
ondoyer onduler
(intransitive) To move in wavelike motions.

undulated antshrike undulated antshrikes n
batara ondé
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Frederickena unduligera.

undulator undulators n
ondulator
(physics) A periodic structure of dipole magnets that generates a low-energy collimated beam of radiation.

unduly /ʌnˈdjuːli/ /ʌnˈduːli/ more unduly most unduly adv
indument
Undeservedly; in a way that is not warranted.

unearth /ʌnˈɜː(ɹ)θ/ v
découvrir
To uncover or find; to bring out from concealment
déterrer
To dig up.

uneasiness /ʌnˈiːzinəs/ uneasinesses n
malaise

uneasy /ʌnˈiːzi/ uneasier uneasiest adj
difficile pas facile
(rare) Not easy; difficult.

uneducated /ʌnˈɛdjʊkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɪd/ /ʌnˈɛd͡ʒʊkeɪtɪd/ more uneducated most uneducated adj
inculte
not educated

unemployed /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪd/ adj
chômeur chômage inoccupé
Having no job despite being able and willing to work.
chômeur
Having no use, not doing work

unemployment /ʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/ unemployments n
chômage
The state of having no job; joblessness.

unemployment benefit unemployment benefits n
allocation chômage
(often, in plural) Money paid by the government, special-purpose fund or similar to those who are unemployed and looking for work.

unemployment rate unemployment rates n
taux de chômage

unending more unending most unending adj
infini sans fin éternel
Not ending; having no end; eternal.

unenroll v
désenrôler

unenviable more unenviable most unenviable adj
peu enviable
Difficult, undesirable, or unpleasant; not to be envied.

unequivocal /ʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ /ˌʌnɪˈkwɪvəkəl/ more unequivocal most unequivocal adj
sans équivoque
Unambiguous; without equivocation or ambiguity; singularly clear, unmistakable, or unquestionable

unerasable adj
ineffaçable
That cannot be erased; indelible.

unerudite more unerudite most unerudite adj
inérudit
Not erudite; uneducated.

uneven /ʌnˈivən/ more uneven most uneven adj
inégal
Not level or smooth

uneven bars n
barres asymétriques
A set of exercise apparatus consisting of two horizontal bars at a small distance apart and set at different heights.
A gymnastics event using the uneven bars.

uneventful more uneventful most uneventful adj
sans histoire
monotonous; lacking significant or noteworthy events

unexpected /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪd/ more unexpected most unexpected adj
inattendu inopiné imprévu
Not expected, anticipated or foreseen.

unexpectedly /ʌnɪkˈspɛktɪdli/ more unexpectedly most unexpectedly adv
surprenamment de manière inattendue contre toute attente
In an unexpected manner.

unexplained adj
inexpliqué
Not explained; of unknown cause or origin.

unexpressed more unexpressed most unexpressed adj
inexprimé
Not expressed.

unfair /ʌnˈfɛə(ɹ)/ /ʌnˈfɛɚ/ /ʌnˈfɛː(ɹ)/ [ɐnˈfɛə(ɹ)] [ɐnˈfɛː(ɹ)] unfairer unfairest adj
injuste déloyal
not fair, unjust

unfair competition n
concurrence déloyale

unfairness unfairnesses n
inéquité
injustice
(uncountable) The state of being unfair; lack of justice.

unfaithful more unfaithful most unfaithful adj
infidèle
Not having religious faith.
Not keeping good faith; disloyal; not faithful.

unfaithfulness unfaithfulnesses n
infidélité
The characteristic of being unfaithful; infidelity; disloyalty.

unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪli.ə(ɹ)/ more unfamiliar most unfamiliar adj
inconnu
Strange, not familiar.

unfashionable more unfashionable most unfashionable adj
quétaine
Not fashionable.

unfasten v
défaire
(transitive) To detach from any connecting agency or link; to disconnect.

unfathomable /ʌnˈfæðməbəl/ /ʌnˈfæðəməbəl/ more unfathomable most unfathomable adj
incompréhensible
Impossible to fathom or understand.
insondable
Difficult to penetrate.

unfavourable more unfavourable most unfavourable adj
défavorable
Of wind or weather: causing delay or obstacles; not conducive to travel or work; inclement.

unfazed /ʌnˈfeɪzd/ more unfazed most unfazed adj
impassible imperturbable
Not frightened or hesitant; undaunted; not put off; unimpressed.

unfindable adj
introuvable
Not findable; that cannot be found.

unfinished /ʌnˈfɪnɪʃt/ adj
inachevé
Not finished, not completed.

unfinishedness n
inachèvement
The quality of being unfinished.

unfit /ʌnˈfɪt/ more unfit most unfit unfitter unfittest adj
inapte impropre incapable
Not fit; not having the correct requirements.

unflappable /ʌnˈflæpəbəl/ more unflappable most unflappable adj
imperturbable
Remaining composed and level-headed at all times; impossible to fluster; not becoming frustrated or irritated easily. [from 1954]

unfold /ʌnˈfoʊld/ /ʌnˈfəʊld/ v
déplier dérouler
(transitive) To undo a folding.
dérouler
(intransitive) To turn out; to happen; to develop.

unfollow v
arrêter de suivre se désabonner
(transitive, intransitive, social media) To cease to subscribe to (a feed of another user's activity).

unforeseeable more unforeseeable most unforeseeable adj
imprévisible
Incapable of being foreseen or anticipated.

unforeseen adj
imprévu
Not foreseen.
inattendu
Not expected.

unforgettable /ˌʌnfə(ɹ)ˈɡɛtəbəl/ more unforgettable most unforgettable adj
inoubliable
Very difficult or impossible to forget.

unforgivable more unforgivable most unforgivable adj
impardonnable
Not forgivable; inexcusable.

unforgiving more unforgiving most unforgiving adj
impitoyable implacable
(figurative) Having no allowance for weakness.

unfortunate /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪt/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnət/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənət/ more unfortunate most unfortunate adj
infortuné
Not favored by fortune.
malencontreux
Marked or accompanied by or resulting in misfortune.

unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔɹt͡ʃənɪtli/ /ʌnˈfɔːtjʊnətli/ /ʌnˈfɔːt͡ʃənətli/ more unfortunately most unfortunately adv
malheureusement malencontreusement
Happening through bad luck, or because of some unfortunate event.

unfounded adj
infondé non fondé sans fondement dénué de fondement
Having no strong foundation; not based on solid reasons or facts.

unfriendly /ʌnˈfɹɛn(d)li/ more unfriendly most unfriendly unfriendlier unfriendliest adj
inamical
Not friendly; hostile; mean.

unfruitful more unfruitful most unfruitful adj
infructueux
(mostly, figurative) Not bearing fruit.

unfulfillable adj
inexauçable

unfunny more unfunny most unfunny unfunnier unfunniest adj
pas drôle

unfurl /ʌnˈfəːl/ /ʌnˈfɝl/ v
déployer dérouler
To unroll or release something that had been rolled up, typically a sail or a flag.

unfurnish v
démeubler
(transitive) To strip of furniture.

ungainly /ʌnˈɡeɪnli/ more ungainly most ungainly ungainlier ungainliest adj
maladroit
Clumsy; lacking grace.

ungenerosity ungenerosities n
ingénérosité

ungodly /ʌnˈɡɑdli/ /ʌnˈɡɒdli/ more ungodly most ungodly ungodlier ungodliest adj
impie
Of a person: lacking reverence for God; of an action: not in accordance with God's will or religious teachings.
indécent
(informal) Extreme; unreasonable.

ungodly hour ungodly hours n
heure indue heure indécente

ungovernable more ungovernable most ungovernable adj
ingouvernable
Not governable; unable to be governed.

ungrammatical more ungrammatical most ungrammatical adj
agrammatical
(linguistics) In violation of one or more of the rules and conventions of a language as defined by the grammar, resulting in unacceptable or incorrect usage.

ungrammatically more ungrammatically most ungrammatically adv
[[d']]une manière grammaticalement incorrecte agrammaticalement

ungrateful /ʌnˈɡɹeɪtfəl/ more ungrateful most ungrateful adj
ingrat
Not grateful; not expressing gratitude.

ungrease v
dégraisser

ungual adj
unguéal
(biology) Pertaining to or resembling a creature's nail, claw or hoof; unguinal.

ungulate /ˈʌŋɡjəleɪt/ /ˈʌŋɡjələt/ more ungulate most ungulate adj
ongulé
Having hooves.

ungulate /ˈʌŋɡjəleɪt/ /ˈʌŋɡjələt/ ungulates n
ongulé
An ungulate animal; a hooved mammal.

unguligrade /ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/ /ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/ adj
onguligrade
(zoology) That walks on hooves.

unguligrade /ʌŋˈɡjuːləˌɡɹeɪd/ /ʌŋˈɡjuːlɪˌɡɹeɪd/ unguligrades n
onguligrade
(zoology) An animal that walks on hooves.

unhackable more unhackable most unhackable adj
impiratable
(computing) Not hackable; that cannot be hacked or broken into.

unhappiness unhappinesses n
malheur tristesse
The feeling of not being happy

unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ more unhappy most unhappy unhappier unhappiest adj
malheureux triste
Not happy; sad.
mécontent
Not satisfied; unsatisfied.

unharness v
débrider dételer
(transitive) to remove the harness from a horse etc.

unhealthy /ʌnˈhɛl.θi/ more unhealthy most unhealthy unhealthier unhealthiest adj
malsain mauvais pour la santé
characterized by, or conducive to poor health

unheard /ʌnˈhɜː(ɹ)d/ adj
non entendu non écouté
Not heard.

unheard-of more unheard-of most unheard-of adj
inouï sans précédent
Previously unknown; unprecedented.

unheralded adj
sans préavis sans tambour ni trompette
Without prior warning; unexpected or unannounced.

unhesitatingly adv
avec conviction sans hésitation sans hésiter

unhinge /ʌnˈhɪnd͡ʒ/ v
dégonder
To remove the leaf of a door or a window from its supporting hinges.
déséquilibrer sortir de ses gonds troubler
To mentally disturb.

unhinged more unhinged most unhinged adj
dérangé déséquilibré détraqué
(figuratively, usually, humorous) Mentally ill or unstable; deranged; insane.

unholy /ʌnˈhəʊli/ more unholy most unholy unholier unholiest adj
impie maléfique
Not holy; (by extension) evil, impure, or otherwise perverted.
atroce foutu sacré
Dreadful, terrible, excessive, or otherwise atrocious.

unholy alliance n
alliance contre nature
A coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups, especially if one is religious, for ad hoc or hidden gain. (See examples.)

unhookable adj
décrochable
Capable of being taken down from hooks.

unhoped-for more unhoped-for most unhoped-for adj
inespéré
Not expected or imagined.

unhorse v
désarçonner
To forcibly remove from a horse.

unhurt adj
indemne
Not hurt; unharmed or unscathed

uni /ˈjuː.ni/ unis n
fac
(colloquial, chiefly, Britain, Nigeria, Australia, NZ, Canada) University.

uni- prefix
uni-
one, single

uniaxial adj
uniaxial
Having a single axis; monoaxial

unibrow unibrows n
monosourcil
A pair of eyebrows which meet in the middle.

unicameral /junɪˈkæməɹəl/ /juːniːˈkaməɹəl/ adj
monocaméral unicaméral
(government) Of, or having, a single legislative chamber.

unicameralism n
monocaméralisme monocamérisme
(government) The principle and practice of having a legislative body consisting of a single chamber.

unicellular /ˌjuːnɪˈsɛljʊlə(ɹ)/ adj
unicellulaire
(biology) Describing any microorganism that has a single cell

unicorn /ˈjunɪkɔɹn/ /ˈjuːnɪkɔːn/ unicorns n
licorne
A mythical beast resembling a horse or deer with a single, straight, spiraled horn projecting from its forehead.
(finance) A startup company whose valuation has exceeded one billion U.S. dollars, which is solely backed by venture capitalists, and which has yet to have an IPO.

unicycle /ˈjun.əˌsaɪ.kəl/ /ˈjun.ɪˌsaɪ.kəl/ unicycles n
monocycle
A type of cycle that has only one wheel and is powered by pedals; it is most often used by acrobats.

unicyclist unicyclists n
unicycliste
A person who operates a unicycle.

unidentified flying object unidentified flying objects n
objet volant non-identifié OVNI
Anything not readily explainable appearing to move through or be suspended in the air, primarily used to refer to objects that seem to be at least of small familiar aircraft size.

unidirectional /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nəl/ /ˌjuː.nɪ.dɪˈɹɛk.ʃə.nəl, -daɪ-/ [ˌjuː.nɨ.dɨˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-, -ˈɹɛkʃ.nl̩] [ˌjuː.nɪ̈.dɪ̈ˈɹɛk.ʃə.nl̩, -daɪ-] adj
unidirectionnel
Pertaining to only one direction, e.g.: where all component parts are aligned in the same direction in space.

unifiable more unifiable most unifiable adj
unifiable
Able to be united or unified.

unification unifications n
unification
The act of unifying.

unifoliate adj
monophylle unifolié
(botany) Having a single leaf

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ more uniform most uniform adj
uniforme
Unvarying; all the same.
Consistent; conforming to one standard.

uniform /ˈjunɪfɚm/ /ˈjunɪˌfɔɹm/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ uniforms n
uniforme
A distinctive outfit that serves to identify members of a group.

uniform antshrike uniform antshrikes n
batara unicolore
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus unicolor,

uniform continuity n
continuité uniforme
(analysis, of a function) The property of being uniformly continuous.

uniform crake uniform crakes n
râle concolore
a bird from the family Rallidae (Amaurolimnas concolor).

uniform resource identifier uniform resource identifiers n
URI
(Internet) A string of characters that identifies a resource that can be accessed over the Internet.

uniformitarianism /juːnɪfɔːmɪˈtɛːɹɪənɪzm/ n
actualisme uniformitarisme
(chiefly, _, geology) The scientific principle that natural processes operated in the past in the same way and at the same rates that they operate today. [from 19th c.]

uniformity /ˌjunɪˈfɔɹmɪti/ /ˌjuːnɪˈfɔːmɪti/ uniformities n
uniformité
The state of being uniform, alike and lacking variety.

uniformize /ˈjunɪfɔɹˌmaɪz/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːˌmaɪz/ v
uniformiser
(transitive) To make uniform; to make the same throughout.

uniformly /ˈjunəfɔɹmli/ /ˈjuːnɪfɔːmli/ more uniformly most uniformly adv
uniformément
In a uniform manner, consistently.

uniformly continuous adj
uniformément continu
(analysis, of a function from a metric space X to a metric space Y) That for every real ε > 0 there exists a real δ > 0 such that for all pairs of points x and y in X for which D_X (x, y) < \delta , it must be the case that D_Y (f(x), f(y)) < \epsilon (where DX and DY are the metrics of X and Y, respectively).

unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ v
unifier
(transitive) Cause to become one; make into a unit; consolidate; merge; combine.

unijambist unijambists n
unijambiste
(NNSE) A person with only one leg.

unilateral /ˌjuːnɪˈlætərəl/ [ˌjʉː.nəˈɫæɾ.ɚ.ɻɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt.ə.ɹɫ̩] [ˌjʉː.nɪˈlæt͡ʃ.ɹɫ̩] more unilateral most unilateral adj
unilatéral
Done by one side only.

unilateralism unilateralisms n
unilatéralisme
A tendency of nations to act on their own, or with only minimal consultation and involvement with other nations.

unilaterally more unilaterally most unilaterally adv
unilatéralement
In a unilateral or one-sided way.

unilocular adj
uniloculaire
Having a single loculus or compartment.

unimaginable /ˌʌnɪˈmædʒɪnəbəl/ more unimaginable most unimaginable adj
inimaginable
unable to be imagined; inconceivable or mind-boggling; beyond belief

unimaginably more unimaginably most unimaginably adv
inimaginablement

unimolecular adj
unimoléculaire
(chemistry, physics, of a reaction) involving a single molecule

unimpeded more unimpeded most unimpeded adj
sans encombre sans entrave
Free from obstructions.

unimportant /ˌʌnɪmˈpo(ː)ɹtənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpoə.tənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔɹtənt/ /ˌʌnɪmˈpɔːtənt/ more unimportant most unimportant adj
sans importance
petty; not important or noteworthy

uninflectable adj
invariable
(linguistics) Not inflectable; that cannot be inflected.

uninhabitable more uninhabitable most uninhabitable adj
inhabitable
Not fit for people (or other living things) to live in; not able to be inhabited.

uninhabited /ˌʌn.ɪnˈhæb.ɪ.tɪd/ adj
inhabité
Not inhabited; having no inhabitants.

uninitiated /ʌnɪnˈɪʃi.eɪtɪd/ adj
non-initié béotien profane
Not having been initiated; not having the special knowledge of a particular group.

uninjured adj
indemne
That did not suffer injury.

uninstall v
désinstaller
(computing) To completely remove hardware or software from a computer system.

uninstallation uninstallations n
désinstallation
(software) The process of removing a program from a computer.

uninstaller uninstallers n
désinstalleur
(computing) A program that uninstalls software.

uninsurability n
inassurablilité

uninsurable adj
inassurable
Not insurable; unable to be insured.

unintelligence unintelligences n
inintelligence
Lack of intelligence.

unintelligent /ˌʌnənˈtɛləd͡ʒənt/ more unintelligent most unintelligent adj
inintelligent
Not intelligent.

unintelligently more unintelligently most unintelligently adv
inintelligemment
In an unintelligent manner; stupidly.

unintelligibility unintelligibilities n
inintelligibilité
(uncountable) The quality or condition of being unintelligible.

unintelligible /ˌʌnɪnˈtɛlɪd͡ʒɪbəl/ more unintelligible most unintelligible adj
inintelligible
Not intelligible; unable to be understood.

unintended /ˌʌn.ɪnˈtɛn.dɪd/ adj
involontaire
Not intended; unplanned

unintentionally more unintentionally most unintentionally adv
inintentionnellement involontairement
In an unintentional manner; not intentionally.

uninterested more uninterested most uninterested adj
pas intéressé
Not interested; indifferent, not concerned.

uninteresting more uninteresting most uninteresting adj
inintéressant
Arousing little or no interest; boring or uneventful.

uninterruptible power supply uninterruptible power supplies n
onduleur alimentation sans interruption alimentation statique sans coupure

uninvite /ˌʌnɪnˈvaɪt/ v
désinviter
(transitive) To cancel or withdraw an invitation.

union /ˈjuː.ni.ən/ /ˈjuː.njən/ unions n
union
(countable) The state of being united or joined; a state of unity or harmony.
(countable, programming) A data structure that can store any of various types of item, but only one at a time.
groupement union
(countable) That which is united, or made one; something formed by a combination or coalition of parts or members; a confederation; a consolidated body; a league.
réunion union
(countable, set theory) The set containing all of the elements of two or more sets.
mariage
(countable) The act or state of marriage.
accouplement copulation fornication
(uncountable, archaic, euphemistic) Sexual intercourse.
connexion
(historical) An affiliation of several parishes for joint support and management of their poor; also the jointly-owned workhouse.

union suit union suits n
caleçon-combinaison
one-piece underwear, usually long, combining drawers and long-sleeved, button-front undershirt in a single garment, with a flap in the seat that can be opened for defecation.

unionbusting n
répression antisyndicale
Efforts to prevent the formation or expansion of trade unions.

unionist unionists n
unioniste
syndicaliste
A trade unionist.

unionization /ˌjuːnjənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ unionizations n
syndicalisation
(politics) The act of forming a labor union.

unionize v
syndiquer
(ambitransitive) To organize workers into a union.

uniparental adj
monoparental uniparental
From or with only one parent.

unipartyism n
monopartisme unipartisme

unipolar adj
unipolaire
Having a single pole.

unique /juːˈniːk/ /jəˈniːk/ more unique most unique uniquer uniquest adj
unique
(uncomparable) Being the only one of its kind; unequaled, unparalleled or unmatched.
Of a feature, such that only one holder has it.

uniqueness uniquenesses n
unicité
The state or quality of being unique or one of a kind.

unironically more unironically most unironically adv
au premier degré
In an unironic manner; without irony.

unisex /ˈjunəˌsɛks/ /ˈjuːnɪsɛks/ adj
unigenre unisexe épicène
Not distinguished on the basis of sex or gender; suitable for any sex or gender. [from 1960s]

unisexual adj
unisexe
Of an organism, having characteristics of a single sex (as opposed to hermaphrodites).
Of a species, having only a single (potentially hermaphroditic) sex (as opposed to bisexual).

unison /ˈjunɪsən/ /ˈjunɪzən/ unisons n
unisson
(music, acoustics) Identical pitch between two notes or sounds; the simultaneous playing of notes of identical pitch (or separated by one or more octaves). [from 15th c.]

unit /ˈ(j)ɪu̯.nɪt/ /ˈjuː.nɪt/ units n
unité
(sciences) A standard measure of a quantity.
The number one.
An organized group comprising people and/or equipment.
(military, informal) A member of a military organization.
(commerce) An item which may be sold singly.
(US, Australia, New Zealand) a measure of housing equivalent to the living quarters of one household; an apartment where a group of apartments is contained in one or more multi-storied buildings or a group of dwellings is in one or more single storey buildings, usually arranged around a driveway.
(US, military) An organization title of a subdivision of a group in a task force.
(US, military) A standard or basic quantity into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or detailed. In this meaning, also called unit of issue.
(US, military) With regard to Reserve Components of the Armed Forces, denotes a Selected Reserve unit organized, equipped, and trained for mobilization to serve on active duty as a unit or to augment or be augmented by another unit. Headquarters and support functions without wartime missions are not considered units.

unit circle unit circles n
cercle trigonométrique cercle unité
(trigonometry, the unit circle) The circle of radius 1 with centre at the origin, used in defining trigonometric functions.

unit fraction unit fractions n
fraction unitaire
(arithmetic) A fraction whose numerator is 1 and whose denominator is a positive integer; for example, \frac12 or \frac17.

unit interval unit intervals n
intervalle unité
(mathematics) the interval [0,1], that is the set of all real numbers x such that zero is less than or equal to x and x is less than or equal to one

unit of account units of account n
unité de compte

unit of measure units of measure n
unité de mesure
Any standardized, reproducible unit that can be used to measure any physical property.

unit price unit prices n
prix unitaire prix à l'unité
(business, marketing) The price of a standard amount of a good, as of weight or volume.

unit testing n
test unitaire
(software engineering) A software testing methodology in which individual tests (unit tests) are developed for each small part of a program.

unit vector unit vectors n
vecteur unitaire vecteur unité
(linear algebra, mathematical analysis) A vector with the length of 1, defined as \mathbf{\hat{u}} = \frac{\mathbf{u}}{\|\mathbf{u}\|}.

unitary /juːnɪt(ə)ɹi/ adj
unitaire
Having the quality of oneness.
(government, of a system of government or administration) That concentrates power in a single body, rather than sharing it with more local bodies.
(mathematics, of an algebra) That contains an identity element.
(mathematics, linear algebra, analysis, of a matrix or operator) Whose inverse is equal to its adjoint.

unitary state unitary states n
état unitaire
A state or country that is governed constitutionally as one single unit, with one constitutionally created legislature.

unite /juˈnaɪt/ /jʊˈnaɪt/ [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯(ʔ)t̚] [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯ʔ] [jəˈnaɪ̯ʔ] [jʊˈnaɪ̯(ʔ)t̚] [jʊˈnaɪ̯ʔ] v
unir
(transitive) To bring together as one.

united /juˈnaɪtɪd/ /juːˈnaɪtɪd/ /jʊˈnaɪtɪd/ [juˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [ju̟ˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [jəˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] [jʊˈnaɪ̯ɾɪ̈d] adj
unis
uni unifié
Joined into a single entity.

unity /ˈjunəti/ /ˈjunɪti/ /ˈjuːnəti/ /ˈjuːnɪti/ unities n
unité
(uncountable) Oneness; the state or fact of being one undivided entity.

unity is strength proverb
l'union fait la force
Being united makes us become stronger.

unity of action n
unité d'action

unity of place n
unité de lieu

unity of time n
unité de temps

univerbation univerbations n
univerbation
(linguistics) The diachronic process of forming a new single word from a fixed expression of several words.

universal /ˌjunɪˈvɝsl̩/ /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsl̩/ more universal most universal adj
universel
Of or pertaining to the universe.
Common to all members of a group or class.
Common to all society; worldwide.
Unlimited; vast; infinite.
Useful for many purposes; all-purpose.

universal bank universal banks n
banque universelle
(banking, finance) A bank that is both a commercial bank and investment bank, which may also be a retail bank, insurance broker and/or provider of other financial services.

universal donor universal donors n
donneur universel

universal grammar universal grammars n
grammaire universelle
(linguistics) A hypothetical innate abstract system in the human brain that underlies the grammar of all human languages.

universal quantifier universal quantifiers n
quantificateur universel
(logic) The operator, represented by the symbol ∀, used in predicate calculus to indicate that a predicate is true for all members of a specified set. Verbal equivalents include "for each" and "for every".

universal suffrage n
suffrage universel
The right to vote in a political election for all citizens who have attained the age of majority and are not disenfranchised under the laws of the country.

universal value universal values n
valeur universelle
(philosophy) A value that has the same value or worth for all, or almost all, people.

universality /ˌju.nɪ.vɝˈsæl.ə.ti/ /ˌjuː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ti/ /ˌjʉː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ti/ [ˌju.nɪ.vɝˈsæl.ə.ɾi] [ˌjʉː.nɪ.vɜːˈsæl.ə.ɾi] universalities n
universalité
the property of being universal, common to all members of a class

universally /ˌjunɪˈvɝsəli/ /ˌjuːnɪˈvɜːsəli/ more universally most universally adv
universellement
In a universal manner.

universe /ˈjuːniːˌvɜ(ɹ)s/ /ˈjuːnəˌvɝs/ /ˈjuːnɪˌvɜːs/ universes n
univers
An entity similar to our universe; one component of a larger entity known as the multiverse.
Everything under consideration.
An imaginary collection of worlds.
A whole world, in the sense of perspective or social setting.
univers Univers
(archaic) The Earth, the sphere of the world.

university /junɪˈvɚsəti/ /junɪˈvɚsɪti/ /juːnɪˈvɜːsəti/ universities n
université fac univ
Institution of higher education (typically accepting students from the age of about 17 or 18, depending on country, but in some exceptional cases able to take younger students) where subjects are studied and researched in depth and degrees are offered.

univocal /juːnɪˈvoʊkəl/ /juːnɪˈvəʊkəl/ /juːˈnɪvək(ə)l/ adj
univoque sans équivoque
Having only one possible meaning.

unjust /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌst/ more unjust most unjust adj
injuste
Not fair, just or right.

unjust enrichment unjust enrichments n
enrichissement sans cause
(law) a benefit gained at another's expense without legally justifiable grounds, such as one gained by mistake.

unjustifiable more unjustifiable most unjustifiable adj
injustifiable
That cannot be justified, excused or pardoned.

unjustified more unjustified most unjustified adj
injustifié
Not justified, having no justification, unwarranted.

unjustly /ʌnˈd͡ʒʌstli/ more unjustly most unjustly adv
injustement
In an unjust manner.

unkempt /ˌʌnˈkɛmpt/ more unkempt most unkempt adj
ébouriffé
(by extension) Disorderly; untidy; messy; not kept up.

unkillable adj
intuable
Not killable; unable to be killed.

unknown /ʌnˈnoʊn/ /ʌnˈnəʊn/ more unknown most unknown adj
inconnu
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Not known; unidentified; not well known.

unknown /ʌnˈnoʊn/ /ʌnˈnəʊn/ unknowns n
inconnue
(algebra) A variable (usually x, y or z) whose value is to be found.
inconnu
Any thing, place, or situation about which nothing is known; an unknown fact or piece of information.

unlawful more unlawful most unlawful adj
illégal
(legal) Prohibited; not permitted by law (either civil or criminal law; see illegal).

unleaded /ˌʌnˈlɛd.əd/ adj
sans plomb
Without lead.

unlearn /ʌnˈləːn/ /ʌnˈlɝn/ v
désapprendre
(transitive) To discard the knowledge of.

unlearned /ʌnˈlɜːnɪd/ /ʌnˈlɝnɪd/ more unlearned most unlearned adj
ignorant illettré inculte inérudit
ignorant, uneducated, untaught, untrained.

unleash /ʌnˈliʃ/ v
déchaîner
(transitive) To free from a leash, or as from a leash.
soulever
(figurative) To let go; to release.

unleashed adj
déchaîné libéré
Not leashed; without a leash on it.

unless /ənˈlɛs/ /ʌnˈlɛs/ conjunction
à moins que sauf si
Except on a specified condition; if not.

unlettered adj
illettré
not instructed in letters; not well educated; unable to read

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ more unlike most unlike adj
différent de
Not like; dissimilar (to); having no resemblance.

unlike /ʌnˈlaɪk/ preposition
différemment de
Differently from; not in a like or similar manner.
contrairement à à la difference de
In contrast with; as opposed to.

unlikeliness unlikelinesses n
invraisemblance
The property of being unlikely, improbability.

unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ more unlikely most unlikely unlikelier unlikeliest adj
improbable peu probable
Not likely; improbable; not to be reasonably expected.

unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ more unlikely most unlikely adv
improbablement
In an improbable manner.

unlimited /ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj
illimité
limitless or without bounds; unrestricted

unlist v
délister
(transitive) To undo the process of listing; to remove something from a list.

unlistenable more unlistenable most unlistenable adj
inaudible inécoutable
(music, acoustics) Of a sound quality or characteristic that a person cannot long listen to.

unload /ʌnˈloʊd/ /ʌnˈləʊd/ v
décharger
(transitive) To remove the load or cargo from (a vehicle, etc.).
(transitive) To remove (the load or cargo) from a vehicle, etc.

unlock /anˈlɔk/ /ʌnˈlɑk/ /ʌnˈlɒk/ v
déverrouiller
(transitive) To undo or open a lock or something locked by, for example, turning a key, or selecting a combination.
déverrouiller débloquer
(transitive) To obtain access to something; to meet the requirements of a security or protection system.

unlocked /ʌnˈlɑkt/ /ʌnˈlɒkt/ adj
déverrouillé
Not secured or protected by a lock.

unlove n
désamour
The lack, absence, or omission of love; lovelessness; enmity; neglect; hate.

unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ more unlucky most unlucky unluckier unluckiest adj
malchanceux poissard
Having ill luck.

unmanageable more unmanageable most unmanageable adj
ingérable
Not manageable; not readily submitting to handling or management; not easily restrained, governed, or directed

unmanly /ʌnˈmænli/ more unmanly most unmanly unmanlier unmanliest adj
efféminé lâche
(of a person) Showing characteristics that are not manly, such as being immature, effeminate or cowardly, which might be construed as an indicator of weakness or of baseness of character.
lâche
(of a behaviour or action) Cowardly, base.
(of a behaviour or action) Not becoming of a man.

unmanned /ʌnˈmænd/ adj
sans équipage inhabité
Not operated by a person or a crew.

unmarked car unmarked cars n
voiture banalisée

unmarketable more unmarketable most unmarketable adj
incommercialisable
Not marketable

unmarried /ʌnˈmæɹ.id/ /ʌnˈmɛɹ.id/ adj
célibataire non marié
Having no husband or wife.

unmask /ʌnˈmæsk/ /ʌnˈmɑːsk/ v
démasquer
(transitive) To remove a mask from someone.
(intransitive) To remove one's mask.
démasquer dévoiler révéler
(transitive) To expose, or reveal the true character of someone.

unmentionable more unmentionable most unmentionable adj
inavouable
Too embarrassing or shocking to be discussed.

unmissable more unmissable most unmissable adj
imperdable incontournable
Not to be missed; thoroughly worth seeing or experiencing.

unmistakable more unmistakable most unmistakable adj
reconnaissable entre mille reconnaissable entre tous
Unique, such that it cannot be mistaken for something else.

unmold v
démouler
To remove something from a mold.

unnamed /ˌʌnˈneɪmd/ adj
innomé sans nom
Not having a name.

unnatural /ʌnˈnæt͡ʃ(ə)ɹəl/ more unnatural most unnatural adj
antinaturel
Not natural.

unnecessarily more unnecessarily most unnecessarily adv
inutilement gratuitement
In an unnecessary way; not by necessity.

unnecessary /ʌnˈnɛ.sə.s(ə)ɹɪ/ /ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹi/ /ʌnˈnɛ.səˌsɛ.ɹɪ/ /ʌnˈnɛs.ə.ɹɪ/ more unnecessary most unnecessary adj
inutile
Not needed or necessary.

unneeded more unneeded most unneeded adj
inutile
Not needed.

unnerve /ʌnˈnɜː(ɹ)v/ v
affaiblir
To deprive of nerve, force, or strength; to weaken; to enfeeble.
énerver
To make somebody nervous, upset, alarm, shake the resolve of.

unnoticed /ʌnˈnoʊtɪst/ /ʌnˈnəʊtɪst/ more unnoticed most unnoticed adj
inaperçu
Not noticed.

unobserved more unobserved most unobserved adj
inobservé
Not seen or observed.

unobtainable more unobtainable most unobtainable adj
introuvable
Unable to be obtained: not able to be acquired or reached.

unobtrusively /ˌʌn.əbˈtɹuː.sɪv.li/ more unobtrusively most unobtrusively adv
discrètement en cachette en catimini en douce
In an unobtrusive manner; in a manner that is not noticeable or blatant.

unoccupied more unoccupied most unoccupied adj
inhabité inoccupé vide
(of a house etc) Not inhabited, especially by a tenant
inoccupé libre
Not being used; vacant or free

unofficial /ʌn.əˈfɪʃ.əl/ more unofficial most unofficial adj
officieux inofficiel
Not officially established.
Not acting with official authority.

unopenable adj
inouvrable
That cannot be opened.

unorthodox /ʌnˈɔɹθədɑks/ /ʌnˈɔːθədɒks/ more unorthodox most unorthodox adj
hétérodoxe non-conformiste
Unusual, unconventional, or idiosyncratic.

unpack /ʌnˈpæk/ v
déballer
(transitive) To remove from a package or container, particularly with respect to items that had previously been arranged closely and securely in a pack.

unpaid /ʌnˈpeɪd/ adj
impayé
Not paid for.

unpalatable more unpalatable most unpalatable adj
dégoutant peu appétissant
Unpleasant to the taste.
désagréable
(by extension) Unpleasant or disagreeable.

unparalleled more unparalleled most unparalleled adj
incomparable sans égal
Having no parallel; without equal; lacking anything similar or worthy of comparison.

unpardonable more unpardonable most unpardonable adj
impardonnable
impossible to pardon; impossible to excuse or justify

unpatriotism n
impatriotisme
Unpatriotic beliefs or behaviour.

unpave v
dépaver
To remove the paving (especially in the form of paving stones, etc) from (a street); to cause to no longer be paved.

unpin v
désépingler

unplanned more unplanned most unplanned adj
non-planifié
unintentional; not intended

unplayable more unplayable most unplayable adj
injouable
(of a musical work) That cannot be played, that is too hard too play.
That cannot be played; that is impossible or unreasonable (too difficult, etc.) to play.

unpleasant /ʌnˈplɛzənt/ more unpleasant most unpleasant unpleasanter unpleasantest adj
désagréable déplaisant pénible
Not pleasant.

unplug /ʌnˈplʌɡ/ v
débrancher
(transitive) To disconnect from a supply, especially an electrical socket.

unpoppable adj
increvable
Impossible to pop; not poppable.

unpopular more unpopular most unpopular adj
impopulaire
Lacking popularity.

unpopularity unpopularities n
impopularité
The property or degree of being unpopular.

unprecedented /-pɹiː-/ /-pɹɛs-/ /-tɘd/ /ʌnˈpɹesədentəd/ /ʌnˈpɹiːsədɛntəd/ /ʌnˈpɹɛsɪdɛntɪd/ adj
sans précédent
Never before seen, done, or experienced; without precedent.

unpredictability unpredictabilities n
imprévisibilité
(uncountable) The quality of being unpredictable.

unpredictable more unpredictable most unpredictable adj
imprévisible
Unable to be predicted.

unpredictable unpredictables n
imprévisible
An unpredictable thing.

unprepossessing more unprepossessing most unprepossessing adj
banal monotone médiocre ordinaire
Unimpressive or unremarkable; dull and ordinary; nondescript.

unprincipled /ʌnˈpɹɪnsɪpəld/ more unprincipled most unprincipled adj
amoral dénué de principes sans scrupule
lacking moral values

unprintable adj
inimprimable
Not printable; obscene, or unable to be displayed textually.

unproblematic more unproblematic most unproblematic adj
ne posant aucun problème qui ne pose aucun problème
Not problematic (presenting problems) or not controversial.

unproductive more unproductive most unproductive adj
improductif
Not productive; useless; fruitless.

unprofessional more unprofessional most unprofessional adj
non-professionnel
unbecoming of a professional; hence inappropriate in the workplace

unprompted more unprompted most unprompted adj
spontané
Not prompted; not urged or instigated; spontaneous.

unpronounceable more unpronounceable most unpronounceable adj
imprononçable
Impossible or difficult to pronounce or articulate.

unpublished adj
inédit
Not published.

unpunished adj
impuni
Not punished

unqualified more unqualified most unqualified adj
non qualifié
Not qualified, ineligible, unfit for a position or task.
formidable inconditionnel inconditionnelle sans reservé
Not elaborated upon, or not accompanied by restrictions or qualification; undescribed.

unquantifiable adj
inquantifiable

unquenchable more unquenchable most unquenchable adj
inextinguible
That cannot be quenched.

unquestionable /ʌnˈkwɛs.t͡ʃən.ə.bl̩/ more unquestionable most unquestionable adj
indiscutable
Undeniable, obvious.

unquestionably /ʌnˈkwes.t͡ʃən.ə.blɪ/ /ʌnˈkwɛs.t͡ʃən.ə.bli/ more unquestionably most unquestionably adv
indubitablement sans l'ombre d'un doute
without question; beyond doubt; indubitably.

unravel /ʌnˈɹævəl/ v
démêler dénouer résoudre
(transitive, figurative) To separate the connected or united parts of; to throw into disorder; to confuse.

unreadable more unreadable most unreadable adj
illisible
That cannot be read or is not easy to read.
Not sufficiently interesting to be worth reading.

unreal /ʌnˈɹi.əl/ more unreal most unreal adj
irréel
Not real or substantial; having no actual presence in reality; lacking the characteristics of reality.

unrealistic more unrealistic most unrealistic adj
irréaliste
Not realistic.

unrealizable adj
irréalisable
Not realizable; unable to be achieved or realized.

unreason unreasons n
déraison
Nonsense; folly; absurdity.

unreasonable /ʌnˈɹiːz(ə)nəbl̩/ more unreasonable most unreasonable adj
déraisonnable
Not reasonable; going beyond what could be expected or asked for.

unreasonably /ʌn.ˈɹiː.zən.ə.bli/ more unreasonably most unreasonably adv
déraisonnablement
In an unreasonable manner.

unrecognizable /ʌnɹɪˈkɒɡnɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkə(ɡ)naɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkənaɪzəbəl/ /ʌnˈɹɛkəɡnaɪzəbəl/ more unrecognizable most unrecognizable adj
méconnaissable
that cannot be recognized, especially because of substantial changes

unrelated more unrelated most unrelated adj
non lié sans lien sans rapport
not connected or associated

unrelatedly more unrelatedly most unrelatedly adv
dans un autre registre rien à voir, mais …
(speech-act) Used to indicate that the accompanying statement is unrelated (unconnected) to a preceding statement or occurrence.

unrelenting more unrelenting most unrelenting adj
impitoyable implacable
Not relenting; not yielding in strength, severity, or determination.

unreliability unreliabilities n
manque de fiabilité manque de sérieux
The quality of being unreliable.

unreliable /(ˌ)ʌn.ɹɪˈlaɪ.ə.bl̩/ /ˌʌn.ɹəˈlaɪ.ə.b(ə)l/ more unreliable most unreliable adj
non fiable à qui on ne peut pas se fier
Not reliable.

unreliable narrator /(ˌ)ʌnɹɪˌlaɪəbl nəˈɹeɪtə/ /-nəˈɹeɪtɚ/ /-ɹətɚ/ /ˌʌnɹəˌlaɪəb(ə)l ˈnɛˌɹeɪtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] unreliable narrators n
narrateur douteux narrateur incertain narrateur non fiable narratrice douteuse narratrice incertaine narratrice non fiable
(literary theory) A narrating character or storyteller in a literary or other artistic work (such as a film, novel, play, or song) who provides conflicting, inaccurate, misleading, or otherwise questionable information to the audience or reader. [from 1961]

unremarkable [ˌʌn.ɹɪˈmɑɹ.kə.bl̩] [ˌʌn.ɹɪˈmɑː.kə.bl̩] more unremarkable most unremarkable adj
banal commun ordinaire
Not remarkable.

unremitting /ˌʌnɹɪˈmɪtɪŋ/ /ˌʌnɹɪˈmɪɾɪŋ/ more unremitting most unremitting adj
inlassable
Incessant; never slackening.

unrepresentable more unrepresentable most unrepresentable adj
irreprésentable
That cannot be represented, shown or displayed.

unrequited /ˌʌnɹəˈkwaɪtɪd/ more unrequited most unrequited adj
non réciproque à sens unique
Unanswered; not returned; not reciprocated; not repaid.

unrequited love n
amour non partagé amour non récompensé amour non échangé amour non-réciproqué
Love that is not reciprocated, even though reciprocation is desired.

unresistance n
non résistance non-résistance
Lack of resistance; passive#Adjective submission.

unresponsive more unresponsive most unresponsive adj
qui ne réagit pas
Not responsive; unreactive.
insensible
Indifferent or apathetic; emotionless.

unrest /ʌnˈɹɛst/ unrests n
agitation
A state of trouble, confusion and turbulence, especially in a political context; a time of riots, demonstrations and protests.

unrestrained more unrestrained most unrestrained adj
non restreint
immoderate; not restrained or held in check

unruly /ʌnˈɹuːli/ unrulier unruliest adj
désobéissant incontrôlable indiscipliné
Wild; uncontrolled.

unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ more unsafe most unsafe unsafer unsafest adj
dangereux
Not safe (various senses); dangerous.

unsafely more unsafely most unsafely adv
dangereusement
In an unsafe way; without regard to safety; carelessly.

unsaleable more unsaleable most unsaleable adj
invendable
Not sellable.

unsatisfactory /ˌʌnsætɪsˈfækt(ə)ɹi/ more unsatisfactory most unsatisfactory adj
insatisfaisant
Inadequate, substandard or not satisfactory.

unsatisfying more unsatisfying most unsatisfying adj
insatisfaisant insatisfaisante
Not providing satisfaction.

unsaturated adj
insaturé
(chemistry, of a solution) Not saturated; capable of dissolving more of a solute at the same temperature.
(chemistry) Of a compound containing atoms sharing more than one valence bond, especially of an organic compound having one or more double bonds or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
(of a colour) Not chromatically pure; diluted.

unsayable more unsayable most unsayable adj
indicible

unsayableness n
indicibilité

unscathed adj
indemne sain et sauf
Not harmed or damaged in any way; untouched.

unscrew v
dévisser
(transitive) To loosen a screw or thing by turning it.

unscrupulous /ˌʌnˈskɹuːpjʊləs/ more unscrupulous most unscrupulous adj
inscrupuleux peu scrupuleux sans scrupule
Without scruples; immoral.

unseal /ʌnˈsiːl/ v
desceller décacheter
(transitive) To break the seal of (something) in order to open it.

unseasoned adj
nature
Not sprinkled with seasoning.

unseaworthy more unseaworthy most unseaworthy adj
inapte à la navigation pas en état de naviguer
Unfit for a sea voyage.

unseemliness unseemlinesses n
malséance
The state of being unseemly.

unseemly unseemlier unseemliest adj
malséant
Inconsistent with established standards of good form or taste.

unselect v
désélectionner
(computing, transitive) To cancel a previous selection, especially by removing a mark from a tick box.

unselfish more unselfish most unselfish adj
généreux
Not selfish

unsettling more unsettling most unsettling adj
dérangeant inquiétant
That makes one troubled or uneasy; disquieting or distressing.

unshackle v
déchainer
To remove shackles from someone or something.
émanciper
To remove restrictions or inhibitions; to allow full freedom and power.

unshakable more unshakable most unshakable adj
inébranlable
Not able to be shaken; firm, solid

unsheltered more unsheltered most unsheltered adj
inabrité
Without shelter; exposed.

unsightliness unsightlinesses n
inesthétisme
The state of being unsightly.

unsightly /ʌnˈsaɪtli/ more unsightly most unsightly adj
disgracieux inesthétique
Displeasing to the eye.

unsigned adj
non-signé
(computing) Not accepting negative numbers; having only a positive absolute value.

unsingable more unsingable most unsingable adj
inchantable
Not singable; impossible to sing.

unsinkable more unsinkable most unsinkable adj
insubmersible
(chiefly, of, ships) That cannot be sunk.

unsolicited /ˌʌnsəˈlɪsɪtɪd/ more unsolicited most unsolicited adj
spontané volontaire
Not requested, welcomed nor invited.

unspeakable more unspeakable most unspeakable adj
indicible
Incapable of being spoken or uttered
innommable
Unfit or not permitted to be spoken or described.
Extremely bad or objectionable.

unspoken /ʌnˈspoʊkən/ adj
non-dit
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Not spoken; not said.
tacite
(sometimes, _, postpositive) Not formally articulated or stated; implicit or understood.

unspoken rule unspoken rules n
loi orale règle non écrite
A rule that is understood to apply but does not exist in written form.

unstable /ʌnˈsteɪbəɫ/ more unstable most unstable adj
instable
Not stable.
(chemistry) Readily decomposable.

unstable equilibrium n
équilibre instable

unsteady /ʌnˈstɛdi/ unsteadier unsteadiest adj
branlant fébrile instable

unsterilizable adj
instérilisable
Unable to be sterilized.

unstick v
décoller
(transitive, sometimes, figurative) To free from the condition of being stuck.
(intransitive, aviation, of, an aircraft) To leave the ground during takeoff.
se décoincer
(intransitive) To become freed from a stuck condition.

unstitch v
découdre
(transitive) To take out stitches from.

unstoppable /ʌnˈstɔ.pə.bəl/ more unstoppable most unstoppable adj
inarrêtable imparable incoercible
Unable to be stopped.

unstressed /ʌnˈstɹɛst/ more unstressed most unstressed adj
atone inaccentué non accentué
(of a vowel) not stressed or accentuated

unstumpable more unstumpable most unstumpable adj
incollable

unsub /ˈʌnsʌb/ unsubs n
quidam
(law enforcement) of an investigation.

unsubscribe v
désabonner désinscrire
(intransitive) To cancel a subscription, especially to an online service.

unsubscription unsubscriptions n
désabonnement désinscription
The act of unsubscribing.

unsuccessful /ˌʌnsəkˈsɛsfl̩/ more unsuccessful most unsuccessful adj
infructueux
Failed, not successful.

unsupervised more unsupervised most unsupervised adj
non encadré sans surveillance
Not supervised; not being constantly observed.

unsure unsurer unsurest adj
incertain
uncertain

unsurpassable more unsurpassable most unsurpassable adj
insurpassable
Not surpassable; unable to be surpassed.

unsurpassed adj
hors pair insurpassé inégalé sans égal
Not exceeded by others.

unsurprising adj
attendu peu surprenant prévu
Not surprising; expected.

unsurprisingly more unsurprisingly most unsurprisingly adv
comme on pouvait [[s']]y attendre sans surprise
Not surprisingly, as could be expected.

unsuspecting more unsuspecting most unsuspecting adj
qui ne se doute de rien

unsustainability unsustainabilities n
insoutenabilité
The state or condition of being unsustainable.

unsustainable more unsustainable most unsustainable adj
intenable non viable pas tenable pas viable
Not sustainable.

unswerving more unswerving most unswerving adj
indéfectible inébranlable
Not deviating; not yielding or straying or varying.

unsympathetic more unsympathetic most unsympathetic adj
antipathique
Not sympathetic.

untameable more untameable most untameable adj
indomptable
Incapable of being controlled, subdued, or tamed.

untangle /ʌnˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ v
dénatter dénouer
(transitive) To remove tangles or knots from.

untapped more untapped most untapped adj
inexploité
Not tapped; not drawn on in terms of resources.

untenable more untenable most untenable adj
insoutenable intenable
Not able to be held, as of an opinion or position.

unthinkable /ʌnˈθɪŋkəbəl/ more unthinkable most unthinkable adj
incroyable
Incapable of being believed; incredible.
impensable inconcevable inimaginable
Inconceivable or unimaginable; extremely improbable in a way that goes against common sense.

untidy /ʌnˈtaɪdi/ untidier untidiest adj
débraillé négligé
Sloppy.
bordélique désordonné
Disorganized.

untie /ʌnˈtaɪ/ v
détacher délier
(transitive) To loosen, as something interlaced or knotted; to disengage the parts of.
détacher
(transitive) To free from fastening or from restraint; to let loose; to unbind.
To resolve; to unfold; to clear.
(intransitive) To become untied or loosed.

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ conjunction
jusqu'à ce que jusqu'au moment où
Up to the time that (a condition becomes true).
avant que
Before (a condition becoming true).

until /ənˈtɪl/ /ʊnˈtɪl/ /ʌnˈtɪl/ /ˈʌntəl/ preposition
jusqu'à jusque
Up to the time of (something happening).
avant
Before (a time).

until all hours
jusqu'à pas d'heure

until further notice
jusqu'à nouvel ordre

until one is blue in the face adv
jusqu'à en perdre haleine
(duration, idiomatic) For a hopelessly long time; used especially in respect to discussing, explaining, insisting, etc.

until one's dying day
jusqu'à son dernier souffle

until proven otherwise
jusqu'à preuve du contraire

until the cows come home phraseologicalUnit
aussi longtemps [[qu']]on veut
(idiomatic) For a very long period of time.

untimely /ʌnˈtaɪmli/ more untimely most untimely untimelier untimeliest adj
intempestif
At an inopportune time.
vert
Early; premature.

unto /-tuː/ /-tə/ /-tʊ/ /ˈʌntə/ /ˈʌntʊ/ preposition
jusqu'à
(archaic, or, poetic) Up to; indicates a motion towards a thing and then stopping at it.

untouchability n
intouchabilité
The state or condition of being untouchable.

untouchable more untouchable most untouchable adj
intouchable
Not able to be touched.

untouchable untouchables n
intouchable paria
(India) A member of the lowest and most despised caste in traditional Indian society.

untouched /ʌnˈtʌt͡ʃt/ more untouched most untouched adj
intouché
Remaining in its original, pristine state, undamaged; not altered.

untoward /ʌnˈtɔɹd/ /ˌʌn.təˈwɔɹd/ /ˌʌn.tʊˈwɔːd/ more untoward most untoward adj
défavorable désavantageux nocif
Unfavourable, adverse, or disadvantageous.
ennuyeux irrégulier
Unruly, troublesome; not easily guided.
déplacé inopportun
Unseemly, improper.

untrammel v
liberer
(transitive) To free or release from obstacles or hindrances.

untranslatability n
intraductibilité intraduisibilité
The quality or property of being untranslatable; inability to be translated.

untranslatable /ˈʌnˌtɹænz.leɪt.ə.bəl/ more untranslatable most untranslatable adj
intraduisible
Not able to be translated.

untranslatableness n
intraductibilité intraduisibilité
The quality or property of being untranslatable; inability to be translated.

untranslated adj
intraduit
Not translated; still in the original language.

untransmissible adj
intransmissible

untreated adj
non traité
Not treated.

untrigintillion numeral
sexdécillion
(rare, US; modern British and Australian, short scale) 1096.

untruth /ʌnˈtɹuːθ/ untruths n
contrevérité mensonge menterie
A lie or falsehood.

untruthful more untruthful most untruthful adj
menteur
Not giving the truth; providing untrue facts; lying.
malhonnête
Pertaining to falsehood; corrupt; dishonest.

untuck /ʌnˈtʌk/ v
ressortir
(transitive) To remove something from a relatively hidden location or position where it is tucked.

untune v
désaccorder
(transitive) To cause (something) to be out of tune; to make incapable of harmony, or of harmonious action.

untyped adj
non typé

ununbium n
ununbium
The former systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 112 (symbol Uub), which has been officially changed to copernicium.

ununennium /uːnuːnˈɛniːəm/ n
ununennium
The systematic element name for the (as yet undiscovered) chemical element with an atomic number of 119 (symbol Uue).

ununhexium n
ununhexium
(dated) The previous systematic element name for livermorium, the chemical element with atomic number 116 (symbol Uuh).

ununifiable more ununifiable most ununifiable adj
inunifiable
Impossible to unify.

ununoctium n
ununoctium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 118 (symbol Uuo). The element is now named oganesson.

ununpentium n
ununpentium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 115 (symbol Uup). The element is now named moscovium.

ununquadium n
ununquadium
(dated) The systematic element name for flerovium, the chemical element with atomic number 114 (symbol Uuq).

ununseptium /uːnuːnˈsɛpti.əm/ n
ununseptium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 117 (symbol Uus). The element is now named tennessine.

ununtrium n
ununtrium
(dated) The systematic element name for the chemical element with atomic number 113 (symbol Uut). The element is now named nihonium.

unununium n
unununium
(dated) roentgenium.

unusable more unusable most unusable adj
inutilisable
Not usable.

unused /ʌnˈjust/ /ʌnˈjuzd/ /ʌnˈjuːst/ /ʌnˈjuːzd/ more unused most unused adj
inutilisé
(not comparable) Not used.
inaccoutumé
Not accustomed (to), unfamiliar with.

unuseful /ʌnˈjuːsfəl/ more unuseful most unuseful adj
inutile

unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ /ʌnˈjuːʒəl/ more unusual most unusual adj
inhabituel insolite inusuel
Not usual, out of the ordinary.

unvaccinated adj
non-vacciné
Not vaccinated.

unveil /ʌnˈveɪl/ v
dévoiler lever le voile
(transitive) To remove a veil from; to uncover; to reveal something hidden.
dévoiler
(intransitive) To remove a veil; to reveal oneself.

unverifiable adj
incontrôlable invérifiable
Not capable of being verified, confirmed, checked or proven.

unverifiableness n
invérifiabilité

unverified adj
invérifié
Not (yet) confirmed; not verified.

unvigintillion unvigintillions numeral
undécillion
(US; modern British & Australian, short scale) 1066.
(dated British & Australian, long scale) 10126.

unwall v
démurer
(transitive) To unblock or reopen (something previously walled up).

unwarned more unwarned most unwarned adj
inaverti

unwavering /(ˌ)ʌnˈweɪvəɹɪŋ/ /(ˌ)ʌnˈweɪvɹɪŋ/ /ˌənˈweɪvəɹɪŋ/ /ˌənˈweɪvɹɪŋ/ more unwavering most unwavering adj
constant indéfectible inébranlable sans faille
Always on course and steady.

unwearied /ʌnˈwɪəɹid/ more unwearied most unwearied adj
increvable
Not wearied, not tired.

unwelcome more unwelcome most unwelcome adj
malvenu

unwell /ʌnˈwɛl/ more unwell most unwell adj
indisposé malade qui ne se sent pas bien souffrant
Not in good health; not feeling well; somewhat ill

unwholesome more unwholesome most unwholesome adj
insalubre malsain nocif
Not wholesome; unfavorable to health; unhealthful.

unwieldy /ˌʌnˈwɪəl.di/ unwieldier unwieldiest adj
encombrant lourd peu maniable
Difficult to carry, handle, manage or operate because of its size, weight, shape or complexity.

unwilling /ʌnˈwɪlɪŋ/ more unwilling most unwilling adj
réticent
Not willing; reluctant

unwillingly more unwillingly most unwillingly adv
involontairement
In an unwilling or uncooperative manner.

unwind /ʌnˈwaɪnd/ v
débobiner dérouler décompresser démêler
(intransitive, colloquial) To relax; to chill out; to rest and become relieved of stress
défaire
(intransitive) To be or become unwound; to be capable of being unwound or untwisted.

unwisely more unwisely most unwisely adv
imprudemment
In an unwise manner; foolishly.

unwitting more unwitting most unwitting adj
inattention inconscient
unaware or uninformed; oblivious
involontaire par inadvertance
unintentional

unwittingly /-ɾɪŋ-/ /ʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ /ˌən-/ /ˌʌnˈwɪtɪŋli/ more unwittingly most unwittingly adv
involontairement
In an unwitting manner; inadvertently, obliviously, unintentionally, unknowingly.

unworkable more unworkable most unworkable adj
inexécutable
Not workable or operable; not practical; unmanageable.

unworthiness unworthinesses n
indignité
The characteristic or condition of being unworthy.

unworthy /ʌnˈwɝði/ unworthier unworthiest adj
indigne
Not worthy; lacking value or merit; worthless.

unwrap /ʌnˈɹæp/ v
déballer
(transitive) To open or undo, as what is wrapped or folded.

unwritten adj
inécrit
Not written.

unyielding more unyielding most unyielding adj
inflexible
Not giving in; not bending; stubborn.

unyoke /ʌnˈjoʊk/ /ʌnˈjəʊk/ v
dételer
(transitive) To release something from a yoke or harness.

unzip v
décompresser dézipper
(computing, transitive) To restore (compressed data) to its original form, from a zip file.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] adj
debout
Standing; upright.
debout levé
Awake and out of bed.
partant
Ahead; leading; winning.
en marche
(computing) Functional; working.
au garde-à-vous
(slang) Erect.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] adv
en haut dessus
Away from the surface of the Earth or other planet; in opposite direction to the downward pull of gravity.
haut
To a higher level of some quantity or notional quantity, such as price, volume, pitch, happiness, etc.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] ups n
haut
(uncountable) The direction opposed to the pull of gravity.

up /ap/ /ʌp/ [äp] [ɐʔp] [ʌp̚] preposition
monter vers le haut
Toward the top of.

up above n
dans l'au-delà

up against the wall adj
au pied du mur

up bow up bows n
poussé

up close more up close most up close adv
de près
At very close range.

up for grabs adj
libre
(idiomatic, informal) Available for anyone to obtain, claim, decide, or win.

up front adv
en pointe
(soccer) In an attacking position.

up hill and down dale adv
par monts et par vaux

up one's sleeve
dans sa manche
(idiomatic) Hidden and ready to be produced as needed; in reserve.

up quark up quarks n
quark haut quark up
(particle) A quark having a fractional electric charge of +\frac{2}{3} and a mass of about 1.5 to 4 MeV.Symbol: u

up someone's alley
dans les cordes de quelqu'un
(informal) Matching a person's interests or abilities well.

up the ante v
augmenter la mise faire monter les enchères mettre la barre plus haut monter la barre surenchérir
(dispute) To take an action that raises the stakes, i.e. that increases the chances of conflict.

up to /ˈʌp tuː/ /ˈʌp tə/ preposition
jusqu'à à
Next to; near; towards; as far as.
jusqu'à
As much as; no more than. (also with of)
capable de à
Within the responsibility of, to be attributed to the sphere of influence of, having someone or something as authoritative in.

up to a point adv
dans une certaine mesure
To a certain extent

up to here
jusqu'au cou
(idiomatic) Overwhelmed, busy, buried or swamped.

up-and-comer up-and-comers n
étoile montante
(idiomatic) Someone who is up-and-coming, who has begun to be successful in some field and is likely to be even more successful in the future.

up-and-coming more up-and-coming most up-and-coming adj
prometteur émergent
(idiomatic) Emerging; aspiring; beginning to attract attention or critical acclaim.

up-to-date /ˌʌp tə ˈdeɪt/ more up-to-date most up-to-date adj
à jour actuel
(before the noun, idiom) Current; recent; the latest.
au courant
(idiomatic) Informed about the latest news or developments; abreast.

upbeat /ʌpˈbit/ /ˈʌpˌbit/ more upbeat most upbeat adj
entraînant
Having a fast pace, tempo, or beat.
optimiste
Having a positive, lively, or perky tone, attitude, etc.

upbeat /ʌpˈbit/ /ˈʌpˌbit/ upbeats n
levé
An unaccented beat at the start of a musical phrase.

upbraid /ˌʌpˈbɹeɪd/ v
reprocher gronder reprendre réprimander sermonner
(obsolete, followed by "to" before the object) To object or urge as a matter of reproach

upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋɪŋ/ upbringings n
éducation
The traits acquired during one's childhood training
The raising or training of a child.

upcoming adj
prochain à venir
Happening or appearing in the relatively near future.

update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ /ˈʌp.deɪt/ updates n
mise à jour actualisation update
An additional piece of information. An addition to existing information.
A modification of something to a more recent, up-to-date version; (in software) a minor upgrade.

update /ʌpˈdeɪt/ /ˈʌp.deɪt/ v
mettre à jour actualiser mettre au courant updater
(transitive) To bring (a person) up to date: to inform (a person) about recent developments.

upend /ʌpˈɛnd/ v
bouleverser verser
To tip or turn over.

upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ /ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ upgrades n
mise à niveau upgrade
An improved component or replacement item, usually applied to technology

upgrade /əpˈɡɹeɪd/ /ˈʌp.ɡɹeɪd/ v
monter en gamme
(transitive) To replace with something better.

upgrow /ʌpˈɡɹəʊ/ v
grandir
(archaic) To grow up

upgrowth upgrowths n
croissance dévelopement
The process or result of growing up; progress; development.

upheaval /ʌpˈhi.vəl/ upheavals n
soulèvement surrection
The process of being heaved upward, especially the raising of part of the earth's crust.
bouleversement
A sudden violent upset, disruption or convulsion.

uphill /ʌpˈhɪl/ /ˈʌphɪl/ more uphill most uphill adv
en amont en montée
Up a slope, towards higher ground.

uphold /ˌʌpˈhəʊld/ v
soutenir
To keep erect; to support; to sustain; to keep from falling
To support by approval or encouragement, to confirm (something which has been questioned)

upholsterer /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹə/ upholsterers n
tapissier tapissier garnisseur tapissière tapissière garnisseuse
Someone who upholsters furniture, especially a trained craftsman who does so as an occupation.

upholstery /ʌpˈhəʊlstəɹi/ upholsteries n
tapisserie
The craft or business of upholstering furniture.

upkeep upkeeps n
entretien
Maintenance; the act or effort of keeping something in good and working condition.

upland antshrike upland antshrikes n
batara montagnard
a passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus aroyae.

upland sandpiper upland sandpipers n
maubèche des champs
A small wader, Bartramia longicauda, breeding in North America and wintering in South America.

uplift /ʌpˈlɪft/ /ˈʌp.lɪft/ uplifts n
soulèvement
(geology) A tectonic upheaval, especially one that takes place in the process of mountain building.
balconnet
(colloquial) A brassiere that raises the breasts.

uplift /ʌpˈlɪft/ /ˈʌp.lɪft/ v
élever exalter promouvoir transcender
To raise something or someone to a higher physical, social, moral, intellectual, spiritual or emotional level.

uplifting more uplifting most uplifting adj
qui met de bonne humeur qui remonte le moral
Improving the mood; causing cheerfulness.

upload /əpˈloʊd/ /əpˈləʊd/ /ˈʌpˌloʊd/ /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ uploads n
téléversement envoi
Such a file transfer.

upload /əpˈloʊd/ /əpˈləʊd/ /ˈʌpˌloʊd/ /ˈʌpˌləʊd/ v
téléverser envoyer
(transitive, intransitive, computing) To transfer data to a computer on a network, especially to a server on the Internet.

upon /əˈpɑn/ /əˈpɒn/ /əˈpɔn/ preposition
sur
Physically above and in contact with.
Being followed by another so as to form a series.
à
At (a prescribed point in time).

upper /ˈʌpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌpɚ/ uppermore uppermost adj
supérieur
At a higher level, rank or position.

upper /ˈʌpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʌpɚ/ uppers n
empeigne
(shoemaking) The piece of leather, etc., that forms the top part of a shoe above the sole.

upper arm upper arms n
arrière-bras bras
(anatomy) The section of an arm from the elbow to the shoulder.

upper case n
haut-de-casse majuscules

upper hand upper hands n
prendre le dessus
(idiomatic) Advantage or control.

upper house upper houses n
chambre haute
(government) The upper legislative house in a bicameral legislature; usually smaller and having more restricted power than the lower house.

upper lip n
lèvre supérieure

upper-crust more upper-crust most upper-crust adj
huppé
(idiom, informal) Posh, upper-class; pertaining to the upper crust.

uppercase adj
majuscule
written in upper case; capital

uppercut uppercuts n
uppercut
(boxing) A swinging blow aimed upwards at the opponent's chin.

uppity /ˈʌpəti/ uppitier uppitiest adj
arrogant impertinent
Presumptuous, above oneself, self-important; arrogant, snobbish, haughty.

upright /ˈʌpɹaɪt/ more upright most upright adj
intègre
(figuratively) Of good morals; practicing ethical values.

upright /ˈʌpɹaɪt/ uprights n
montant
A word clued by the successive initial, middle, or final letters of the cross-lights in a double acrostic or triple acrostic.

upright piano upright pianos n
piano droit
(musical instruments) A piano whose strings are vertical.

uprightness /ˌʌpˈɹaɪtnəs/ uprightnesses n
droiture intégrité rectitude
(uncountable) The state of being honest, honourable, and moral.
aplomb
(uncountable) The state of being erect or vertical.

uprising uprisings n
révolte
A popular revolt that attempts to overthrow a government or its policies; an insurgency or insurrection.

uproar /ˈʌpɹɔː/ /ˈʌpɹɔːɹ/ uproars n
clameur
Tumultuous, noisy excitement. [from 1520s]
Loud, confused noise, especially when coming from several sources.

uproarious /ʌpˈɹɔː.ɹɪ.əs/ /ˌʌpˈɹɔ.ɹi.əs/ more uproarious most uproarious adj
tumultueux
Characterized by uproar, that is, loud, confused noise, or by noisy and uncontrollable laughter.

ups and downs n
des hauts et des bas
(idiomatic) Periods of positive and negative events, moods, or interactions; highs and lows.

upsadaisy interjection
hop-là oup-là
An affectionate encouragement to a child who has fallen over or is being lifted up.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ more upset most upset adj
bouleversé contrarié fâché
(of a person) Angry, distressed, or unhappy.
bouleversé dérangé perturbé remué
(of a stomach or gastrointestinal tract, referred to as stomach) Feeling unwell, nauseated, or ready to vomit.

upset /ʌpˈsɛt/ /ˈʌpsɛt/ v
énerver
(transitive) To make (a person) angry, distressed, or unhappy.
bouleverser
(transitive) To disturb, disrupt or adversely alter (something).
renverser
(transitive) To tip or overturn (something).

upset price upset prices n
prix de réserve
The lowest price at which an auction item may be sold.

upshot /ˈʌpʃɑt/ /ˈʌpʃɒt/ upshots n
essentiel
(US) A concise summary.

upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/ /ˌʌpsaɪˈdaʊn/ adj
à l'envers
Inverted; turned so that the top is at the bottom.

upside down /ˌʌpsaɪd ˈdaʊn/ /ˌʌpsaɪˈdaʊn/ adv
sens dessus dessous
Inverted, so that the top is now at the bottom.
In great disorder.

upsilon /(j)ɪu̯p-/ /juːpˈsaɪ.lən/ /ˈ(j)up.sɪˌlɒn/ /ˈjup.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈup.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈʌp.sɪˌlɑn/ /ˈʌp.sɪˌlɒn/ upsila upsilons n
upsilon
The twentieth letter of Classical and Modern Greek; the twenty-second letter of Old and Ancient Greek.

upstairs /ˈʌpˌstɛəz/ /ˈʌpˌstɛɹz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛəz/ /ˌʌpˈstɛɹz/ further upstairs furthest upstairs adv
en haut à l'étage
Up the stairs; on a higher floor or level.

upstand upstands n
bordure
(construction, plumbing) A section of a roof covering or flashing which turns up against a vertical surface.

upstand v
ériger
(intransitive) To stand up; arise; be erect; rise.

upstart /ˈʌp.stɑɹt/ /ˈʌp.stɑːt/ upstarts n
parvenu nouveau riche arriviste
One who has suddenly gained wealth, power, or other prominence, but either has not received social acceptance or has become arrogant or presumptuous.

upstream /ʌpˈstɹiːm/ farther farthest further upstream furthest upstream adj
à contre-courant à contre-mont
In a direction against the flow of a current or stream of fluid (typically water); upriver.
amont en amont montant
(biology) Towards the leading end (5′ end) of a DNA molecule.

upstream /ʌpˈstɹiːm/ more upstream most upstream adv
en amont à contre-courant
Against the current.

uptight /ʌpˈtaɪt/ uptighter uptightest adj
coincé
(colloquial) Excessively concerned with rules and order, always serious.

upwards /ˈʌpwədz/ /ˈʌpwɚdz/ more upwards most upwards adv
en haut
Towards a (higher) position closer to the sky than the ground.

upwards of preposition
plus de
More than; in excess of.

uracil /ˈjʊərəsɪl/ uracils n
uracile
(organic compound) One of the bases of RNA, pairing with adenine.

urad /ʊˈɹʌd/ n
haricot urd urd
(botany, Indian, _, cuisine) Vigna mungo, a South Asian bean used to make dal.

uraeus /juˈɹeɪ.əs/ /juˈɹi.əs/ /jʊˈɹiː.əs/ uraei uraeuses n
uraeus uræus
A representation of the sacred asp, symbolising supreme power in ancient Egypt.

uraninite uraninites n
uraninite
(mineral) Any of several brownish-black forms of uranium dioxide, UO2, (especially pitchblende) that is the chief ore of uranium; it is isomorphous with thorianite.

uraniscoplasty n
uranoplastie

uranist /ˈjʊəɹənɪst/ uranists n
uraniste
(archaic) A homosexual.

uranium /jʊˈɹeɪniəm/ uraniums n
uranium
The element with atomic number 92 and symbol U: a radioactive silvery-grey metal in the actinide series.

urano- prefix
ourano-
urano-

uranocentric more uranocentric most uranocentric adj
ouranocentrique
(astronomy) Having the planet Uranus at the center.

uranocentric orbit uranocentric orbits n
orbite ouranocentrique

uranyl uranyls n
uranyle
(chemistry) The divalent radical UO22+, conveniently regarded as a residue of many uranium compounds.

uratolytic more uratolytic most uratolytic adj
uratolytique

urban /ˈɜɹbən/ /ˈɜːb(ə)n/ more urban most urban adj
urbain citadin
Of, pertaining to, characteristic of, or happening or located in, a city or town; of, pertaining to, or characteristic of life in such a place, especially when contrasted with the countryside.

urban furniture n
mobilier urbain

urban legend urban legends n
légende urbaine
A widely circulated story that is untrue or dubious, often having elements of humour or horror.

urban planning urban plannings n
urbanisme
The conscious design of towns and cities.

urban renewal urban renewals n
rénovation urbaine renouvellement urbain
(uncountable) A process where older areas of a city are redeveloped, including slum clearance, replacement of outdated buildings and infrastructure.

urban sprawl urban sprawls n
étalement urbain
(urban studies) An unplanned, disorganized growth of housing etc. on the edge of a city.

urbane /ɜɹˈbeɪn/ /ɜːˈbeɪn/ more urbane most urbane urbaner urbanest adj
urbain
Of a person (usually a man): having refined manners; courteous, polite, suave.

urbanism /ˈɜː(ɹ)bənɪzəm/ urbanisms n
urbanisme
The study of cities, their geographic, economic, political, social, and cultural environment.

urbanist urbanists n
urbaniste

urbanite urbanites n
citadin
Someone who lives in a city or similar urban area.

urbanity /əːˈbæn.ɪ.ti/ /ɝˈbæn.ə.ti/ urbanities n
urbanité civilité
Behaviour that is polished, refined, courteous.

urbanization urbanizations n
urbanisation
The process of the formation and growth of cities.
The change in a country or region when its population migrates from rural to urban areas.

urchin /ˈɜːtʃən/ /ˈɜːtʃɪn/ /ˈɝt͡ʃən/ /ˈɝt͡ʃɪn/ urchins n
garnement
A mischievous child.

urea /jʊˈɹiːə/ /ˈjʊəɹɪə/ ureas n
urée
(organic compound, uncountable) A water-soluble organic compound, CO(NH2)2, formed by the metabolism of proteins and excreted in the urine.

ureic adj
urique
(organic chemistry) Of, relating to, or derived from urea.

uremia uremias n
urémie
(pathology) Blood poisoning resulting from the retention of waste products usually excreted as urine.

uremic /jʊəˈɹiːmɪk/ more uremic most uremic adj
urémique
(pathology) Of, relating to, or causing uremia.

ureter /jʊəˈɹiːtə(ɹ)/ ureters n
uretère
(anatomy) Either of the two long, narrow ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

ureterosigmoidostomy ureterosigmoidostomies n
urétérosigmoidostomie

uretherostomy uretherostomies n
urétérostomie

urethra /jʊˈɹiːθɹə/ urethrae urethras n
urètre urèthre
(anatomy) The tube through which urine exits the body and, in penises, through which semen is ejaculated.

urethral /jʊˈɹiːθɹəl/ adj
urétral
(anatomy) Pertaining to the urethra.

urethroscopy urethroscopies n
urétroscopie
(medicine) Examination of the interior of the urethra.

urge /ɜːd͡ʒ/ /ɝd͡ʒ/ urges n
envie pulsion
A strong desire; an itch to do something.

urge /ɜːd͡ʒ/ /ɝd͡ʒ/ v
inciter pousser provoquer
(transitive) To press; to push; to drive; to impel; to force onward.
insister
(transitive) To be pressing in argument; to insist; to persist.

urgency /ˈɝ.d͡ʒən.si/ urgencies n
urgence
The quality or condition of being urgent.

urgent /ˈɜː.d͡ʒənt/ /ˈɝ.d͡ʒənt/ more urgent most urgent adj
urgent
Requiring immediate attention.

urgently more urgently most urgently adv
d'urgence urgemment
With great haste, with a sense of urgency, because it is very important.

uric /ˈjʊɹɪk/ adj
urique
Pertaining to, contained in, or obtained from urine.

uric acid n
acide urique
(biochemistry) a bicyclic heterocyclic phenolic compound, formed in the body by the metabolism of protein and excreted in the urine (or in faeces, as in birds and insects)

urinal /juːˈɹaɪnəl/ /ˈjɝɪnəl/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪnəl/ /ˈjʊɹɪnəl/ urinals n
urinoir
A plumbing fixture intended for standing urination, typically by men and boys.
pistolet urinal
(obsolete) A room or structure used for urination: a latrine; an outhouse; a lavatory.

urinary /ˈjʊəɹɪn(ə)ɹi/ adj
urinaire
Pertaining to urine, its production, function, or excretion.

urinary bladder urinary bladders n
vessie
(anatomy) An elastic, muscular sac situated in the pelvic cavity, into which urine from the kidneys is temporarily stored prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

urinary meatus urinary meatuses n
méat urinaire
(anatomy) The external orifice of the urethra, from which urine is ejected during urination and semen is ejected during ejaculation.

urinary tract urinary tracts n
urinaire voies urinaires
(anatomy) The continuous system involved in the production and excretion of urine; the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

urinary tract infection urinary tract infections n
infection des voies urinaires infection urinaire
(disease) An infection that affects part of the urinary tract.

urinate /ˈjʊəɹɪneɪt/ /ˈjʊɹɪneɪt/ v
uriner

urination /jʊəɹɪˈneɪʃən/ urinations n
miction

urinator /ˈjʊəɹɪˌneɪtə/ /ˈjʊəɹɪˌneɪtɚ/ [-ɾɚ] urinators n
urinateur
(obsolete) A diver, especially someone who searches for things underwater.

urine /ˈjɝɪn/ /ˈjʉːəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹaɪn/ /ˈjʊəɹɪn/ /ˈjʊɹɪn/ urines n
urine

urn /ɜːn/ /ɝn/ urns n
urne
A vase with a footed base.
A vessel for the ashes or cremains of a deceased person.

uro- /jʊəˈɹɒ-/ /ˈjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/ /ˌjʊəɹə(ʊ)-/ prefix
uro-
urine; relating to urine and the urinary system.

urography urographies n
urographie
Radiography of the urinary tract.

urolithiasis urolithiases n
calcul urinaire lithiase urinaire
(biology, medicine) Formation of, and thus also presence of, calculi in the urinary tract.

urologic adj
urologique
Of or pertaining to urology.

urologist urologists n
urologue
(medicine) A doctor of urology.

urology /jʊəˈɹɒlədʒi/ urologies n
urologie
(medicine) The surgical specialty of medicine that treats disorders of the urinary tract and the urogenital system.

ursid /ˈɜːsɪd/ /ˈɝsɪd/ ursids n
ursidé
(zoology) Any species of the family Ursidae; a bear, a giant panda, or any of certain extinct relatives.

ursine /ˈɜː.saɪn/ /ˈɝsaɪn/ /ˈɝsɪn/ more ursine most ursine adj
ursin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of bears.
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of the bear subfamily Ursinae.

urstromtal /ˈʊə(ɹ)stɹəʊmˌtɑːl/ urstromtals urstromtäler n
vallée proglaciaire
A broad glacial valley formed during an ice age by meltwater flowing roughly parallel to the ice margin.

urticaria /ˌɜː.tɪˈkɛə.ɹi.ə/ /ˌɝ.tɪˈkɛɹ.i.ə/ urticarias n
urticaire
(diseases) Itchy, swollen, red areas of the skin which can appear quickly in response to an allergen or other conditions.

urushiol /ʊˈɹuːʃiˌɔl/ urushiols n
urushiol
(organic chemistry) An oil found in plants of the family Anacardiaceae, causing an allergic skin rash on contact; consists of a variable mixture of several related organic compounds.

us /əs/ /əz/ /ʌs/ /ʌz/ pronoun
nous
(personal) Me and at least one other person; the objective case of we.

usability /ˌjuːzəˈbɪlɪti/ usabilities n
ergonomie
The state or condition of being usable.
convivialité ergonomie
The degree to which an object, device, software application, etc. is easy to use with no specific training.

usable /ˈjuː.zə.bəl/ more usable most usable adj
utilisable
Capable of being used.

usage /ˈjuːsɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈjuːzɪd͡ʒ/ usages n
coutume usage
A custom or established practice. [from 14th c.]
Habit, practice.
usage
The established custom of using language; the ways and contexts in which spoken and written words are used, especially by a certain group of people or in a certain region. [from 14th c.]
The act of using something; use, employment. [from 14th c.]

use /jus/ /juz/ /juːs/ /juːz/ /jɪu̯s/ /jɪu̯z/ /jʉːs/ /jʉːz/ uses n
usage utilisation emploi
The act of using.
utilité
(uncountable, followed by "of") Usefulness, benefit.

use /jus/ /juz/ /juːs/ /juːz/ /jɪu̯s/ /jɪu̯z/ /jʉːs/ /jʉːz/ v
utiliser servir user
(transitive) To employ; to apply; to utilize.
avoir l'habitude de
(intransitive, archaic, or, literary, _, except in past tense) To habitually do; to be wont to do. (Now chiefly in past-tense forms; see used to.)

use a sledgehammer to crack a nut /ˌjuz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmɚ tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/ /ˌjuːz‿ə ˈslɛd͡ʒhæmə tə ˌkɹæk‿ə ˈnʌt/ v
écraser une mouche avec un marteau tuer une mouche avec un canon
(intransitive, Australia, Britain, New Zealand, idiomatic, informal) To use disproportionate or significantly excessive force to carry out an action; to do something overzealously.

use case use cases n
cas d'utilisation
(software engineering) A potential scenario in which a system receives an external request (such as user input) and responds to it.

use the toilet v
aller aux toilettes
(euphemistic) To urinate, defecate, or both in a toilet.
(euphemistic, uncommon) To urinate, defecate, or both in other places.

use-by date use-by dates n
date de péremption
The date by which it is advised that a perishable product be consumed.

used /just/ /juzd/ /juːst/ /juːzd/ more used most used adj
occasion de seconde main seconde main
That has or have previously been owned by someone else.

used bookstore used bookstores n
bouquinerie
A bookstore that principally sells secondhand or used books.

used to /juːs(t).tu/ /juːs(t).tə/ /juːzd/ adj
habitué
(idiomatic, with noun phrase) Accustomed to, tolerant or accepting of.

used to /juːs(t).tu/ /juːs(t).tə/ /juːzd/ v
use the imperfect tense of the verb that follows; can clarify with adverbs such as autrefois
(temporal location) Formerly and habitually or repeatedly, but possibly no longer, did.

useful /ˈjusfəl/ /ˈjuːsfəl/ /ˈjʉːːsfəl/ [ˈjusfl̩] [ˈjuːsfl̩] [ˈjʉːːsfl̩] more useful most useful usefuller usefullest adj
utile
Having a practical or beneficial use.

useful idiot useful idiots n
idiot utile idiote utile
(historical, pejorative, political jargon) Communist sympathizer in Western countries, from the perspective of the political right.

usefully more usefully most usefully adv
utilement
In a useful manner; in a way that achieves something

usefulness /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/ usefulnesses n
utilité
The quality or degree of being useful.

useless /ˈjuːs.ləs/ more useless most useless uselesser uselessest adj
inutile inutilisable
Without use or possibility to be used.
inutile
Unhelpful, not useful; pointless (of an action).
bon à rien inutile
(pejorative, of a person) Good-for-nothing; not dependable.

uselessly more uselessly most uselessly adv
inutilement
To no useful purpose.

uselessness uselessnesses n
inutilité
the quality of being useless

user /ˈjuzɚ/ /ˈjuːzə/ users n
utilisateur utilisatrice consommateur
(computing) A person who uses a computer or a computing network, especially a person who has received a user account.

user guide user guides n
mode d'emploi

user interface user interfaces n
interface utilisateur
(computing) The visual part of a software application that a user sees and interacts with.

user-friendliness n
convivialité ergonomie
The quality of being user-friendly.

user-friendly more user-friendly most user-friendly user-friendlier user-friendliest adj
convivial ergonomique
(mostly, computing) Designed to be easy for an untrained user to use, with intuitive ordering of steps, consistent and logical placement of controls, etc.

username usernames n
nom d'utilisateur identifiant
(computing) A person's identification on an individual computer system.

ushanka /uˈʃɑŋkə/ /uːˈʃɑːŋkə/ ushankas n
chapka ouchanka
A traditional Russian fur cap with earflaps.

usher /ˈʌʃəɹ/ [ˈaʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈʌʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈʌʃ.ɚ] ushers n
ouvreur
A person, in a church, cinema etc., who escorts people to their seats.
escorte garçon d'honneur
A male escort at a wedding.
huissier
A doorkeeper in a courtroom.

usher /ˈʌʃəɹ/ [ˈaʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈʌʃ.ə(ɹ)] [ˈʌʃ.ɚ] v
escorter
To accompany or escort (someone).

usherette usherettes n
ouvreuse
(dated) A female usher.

ustrinum ustrina n
ustrinum
(historical, Ancient Rome) The site of a funeral pyre

usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ /ˈjuːʒəl/ /ˈjuːʒʊəl/ more usual most usual adj
habituel habituelle
Most commonly occurring; typical.

usual suspects n
toujours les mêmes
(by extension, informal) The people or things that would be routinely expected to appear in a particular context.

usually /ˈjuːʒ(ʊə)li/ /ˈjuːʒju(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒu(ə)li/ /ˈjuːʒəli/ more usually most usually adv
habituellement normalement d'habitude généralement usuellement
Most of the time; less than always, but more than occasionally.

usucapt v
usucaper
(transitive) To acquire by usucaption.

usufruct /-sə-/ /ˈjuzəˌfɹʌkt/ /ˈjuːz(j)ʊfɹʌkt/ usufructs n
usufruit
(law) The legal right to use and derive profit or benefit from property that belongs to another person, as long as the property is not damaged.

usufructuary /-tjʊ-/ /ˌjuːz(j)ʊˈfɹʌkt͡ʃʊˌəɹi/ adj
usufructuaire
(law) Of or pertaining to a usufruct.

usufructuary /-tjʊ-/ /ˌjuːz(j)ʊˈfɹʌkt͡ʃʊˌəɹi/ usufructuaries n
usufruitier
(law) A person who holds property, or the use of assets, by usufruct; a fructuary.

usurer /ˈjuːzjəɹə/ /ˈjuːʒəɹə/ /ˈjuːʒəɹəɹ/ /ˈjuːʒɹəɹ/ usurers n
usurier usurière
A person who loans money to others and charges interest, particularly at an illegal, exorbitant, or unfair rate.

usuress /ˌjuːzjəˈɹɛs/ /ˌjuːʒəˈɹɛs/ usuresses n
usurière
(rare) A female usurer.

usurious /juːˈzjuːɹɪəs/ /juːˈʒuːɹɪəs/ more usurious most usurious adj
usuraire
Of or pertaining to usury.

usurp /juˈsɝp/ /juːˈzɜːp/ v
usurper
To seize power from another, usually by illegitimate means.

usurpation /ˌjuːsə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ /ˌjuːzə(ɹ)ˈpeɪʃən/ usurpations n
usurpation
The wrongful seizure of something by force, especially of sovereignty or other authority.

usurper /juˈsɜɹpə(ɹ)/ usurpers n
usurpateur usurpatrice
One who usurps.

usury /ˈjuːʒəɹi/ usuries n
usure
(countable) An exorbitant rate of interest, in excess of any legal rates or at least immorally.
(uncountable) The practice of lending money at such rates.
(uncountable, archaic, or, historical) The practice of lending money at interest.

ut /ʌt/ uts n
ut
(music, dated) Syllable (formerly) used in solfège to represent the first note of a major scale.

utensil /juˈtɛn.səl/ utensils n
ustensile de cuisine
ustensile
An instrument or device for domestic use, especially in the kitchen.

uterine /ˈjutəɹaɪn/ adj
utérin
Of or pertaining to the uterus.

utilisation utilisations n
utilisation
The act of using something.

utilise /ˈjuːtɪlaɪz/ v
utiliser
To make best use of; to use to its fullest extent, potential, or ability.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ more utilitarian most utilitarian adj
utilitariste
(ethics) Pertaining to utilitarianism.
fonctionnel fonctionnelle utilitaire
Practical and functional, present for use, not just for show.

utilitarian /juˌtɪləˈtɛɹi.ən/ /juːˌtɪlɪˈtɛːɹi.ən/ utilitarians n
utilitariste
Someone who practices or advocates utilitarianism.

utilitarianism utilitarianisms n
utilitarisme
(philosophy) The theory that action should be directed toward achieving the "greatest happiness for the greatest number of people" (hedonistic universalism), or one of various related theories.

utility /juˈtɪl.ə.ti/ /juːˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/ /jəˈtɪl.ɪ.ti/ [juˈtɪl.ə.ɾi] utilities n
utilité
The state or condition of being useful; usefulness.
utilitaire
Something that is useful.

utility knife utility knives n
couteau à lame rétractable cutter exacto
A cutting tool that has an interchangeable blade that retracts into the handle.

utility model utility models n
modèle d'utilité
(intellectual property, _, legal) An intellectual property right in certain legal systems, to protect invention, very similar to the patent, but usually with shorter term and less stringent patentability requirements.

utility pole utility poles n
pylône électrique
A tall cylinder, often made from the trunk of a tree, usually topped by a cross beam, used by a public utility to carry wire, cable or conduit through the air, for the transportation of electricity, cable television, telephone or similar services.

utilizable adj
utilisable
Able to be utilized

utmost /ˈʌtmoʊ̯st/ /ˈʌtmə(ʊ̯)st/ [ˈət-] [ˈʌʔ-] adj
extrême
Situated at the most distant limit; farthest, outermost.
extrême plus grand suprême
The most extreme; greatest, ultimate.

utmost /ˈʌtmoʊ̯st/ /ˈʌtmə(ʊ̯)st/ [ˈət-] [ˈʌʔ-] utmosts n
maximum plus grand
The greatest possible capability, extent, or quantity; maximum.

utopia /juˈtoʊ.pi.ə/ /juːˈtəʊ.pi.ə/ utopia utopiae utopias n
utopie
A world in which everything and everyone works in perfect harmony.

utopian /juˈtoʊpi.ən/ more utopian most utopian adj
utopique
Of or pertaining to or resembling a utopia.

utter /ˈʌtə/ /ˈʌtɚ/ [ˈɐtə] [ˈʌɾɚ] adj
absolu total
(obsolete) Outward. [13th–16th c.]
Absolute, unconditional, total, complete. [from 15th c.]

utter /ˈʌtə/ /ˈʌtɚ/ [ˈɐtə] [ˈʌɾɚ] v
prononcer proférer émettre

utterance /ˈʌtəɹəns/ utterances n
articulation expression prononciation émission sonore
An act of uttering.
déclaration propos parole énoncé
Something spoken.

uvarovite uvarovites n
uvarovite
(mineral) A rare chromium-bearing garnet mineral with a vivid emerald-green colour.

uveitis uveitides n
uvéite
(pathology) Inflammation of the uvea

uvula /ˈju.vjəl.ə/ /ˈjuː.vjʊl.ə/ uvulae uvulas uvulæ n
luette uvule uvula
(anatomy) Ellipsis of palatine uvula.: the fleshy appendage that hangs from the back of the soft palate, that closes the nasopharynx during swallowing

uvular /ˈjuːvjʊlə/ /ˈjuːvjʊləɹ/ adj
uvulaire
(anatomy) Of or relating to the uvula.

uxoricide /ʌkˈsɔː.ɹɪˌsaɪd/ uxoricides n
uxoricide
One who murders his or her wife.
The murdering of one's own wife.

uxorious /ʌkˈsɔɹ.i.əs/ /ʌkˈsɔːɹ.i.əs/ /ʌɡˈzɔɹ.i.əs/ more uxorious most uxorious adj
uxorieux
Very devoted and possibly submissive to one's wife. [from late 16th c.]

uyezd uyezds n
ouïezd
(historical) An administrative subdivision of Muscovy, the Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR, in use from the 13th century.

uzi /ˈuːzi/ uzis n
uzi
A type of compact submachine gun, having a caliber of 9 millimeters with ammunition housed in the grip of the weapon.

v-chip v-chips n
contrôle parental
(television) Any censorship technology that allows parents to control the level of objectionable content that their children may see on television.

vacancy /ˈveɪkənsi/ vacancies n
vacance
An unoccupied position or job.
chambre libre
An available room in a hotel; guest house, etc.

vacant /ˈveɪkənt/ more vacant most vacant adj
vide
Not occupied; empty.
niais
Showing no intelligence or interest.

vacant lot vacant lots n
terrain vague
An unused area of land in an urban area (not built, not a farm, not a park).

vacate /veɪˈkeɪt/ /vəˈkeɪt/ /ˈveɪ.keɪt/ v
vider évacuer

vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ /veɪˈkeɪʃən/ /vəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ vacations n
vacances
Freedom from some business or activity. [from 14th c.]
A period during which official activity or business is formally suspended; an official holiday from university, law courts etc. [from 15th c.]
(North America) A holiday; a stretch of leisure time away from work or duty and devoted to rest or pleasure. [from 19th c.]

vacation /veɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ /veɪˈkeɪʃən/ /vəˈkeɪʃ(ə)n/ v
aller en vacances
(intransitive) To spend or take a vacation.

vaccinal adj
vaccinal
(medicine) Of or relating to vaccine or vaccination

vaccinally adj
vaccinalement

vaccinate /ˈvæksɪneɪt/ v
vacciner
(transitive) To treat (a person or an animal) with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease.

vaccination /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃn̩/ /ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ vaccinations n
vaccination
Inoculation with a vaccine, in order to protect from a particular disease or strain of disease.

vaccinator vaccinators n
vaccinateur vaccinatrice
A person or agent that administers vaccines.

vaccine /-saɪn/ /-sɪn/ /vækˈsin/ /ˈvæksiːn/ /ˈvækˌsin/ vaccines n
vaccin
A substance given to stimulate a body's production of antibodies and provide immunity against a disease without causing the disease itself in the treatment, prepared from the agent that causes the disease (or a derivative of it; or a related, also effective, but safer disease), or a synthetic substitute; also, a dose of such a substance.

vaccine passport vaccine passports n
carnet de vaccination passeport vaccinal
A document that proves vaccination against (certain) infectious diseases, particularly for the purpose of international travel. [2009–]

vacherin vacherins n
vacherin
A soft cow's-milk cheese from France and Switzerland.
(countable) A kind of cake made with meringue and cream or ice cream.

vachery /ˈvæʃəɹi/ vacheries n
vacherie
(UK, dialect, obsolete) A dairy, a vaccary.

vacillate /ˈvæ.sə.leɪt/ /ˈvæ.sɪ.leɪt/ v
vaciller
(intransitive) To sway unsteadily from one side to the other; oscillate.
hésiter
(intransitive) To swing indecisively from one course of action or opinion to another.

vacuity /vaˈkjuːɪti/ /væˈkjuːɪtɪ/ /vəˈkjuːɪti/ /vəˈkjuːɪtɪ/ vacuities n
vacuité
Emptiness.
Physical emptiness, an absence of matter; vacuum.

vacuole /ˈvækjʊˌəʊl/ vacuoles n
vacuole
(cytology) A large membrane-bound vesicle in a cell's cytoplasm.

vacuous /ˈvækju.əs/ more vacuous most vacuous adj
niais
Empty; void; lacking meaningful content.
Showing a lack of thought or intelligence; vacant.

vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/ /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ vacua vacuums n
vide vacuum
A region of space that contains no matter.

vacuum /ˈvæ.kjuː.əm/ /ˈvæ.kjuːm/ v
passer l'aspirateur
(transitive) To clean (something) with a vacuum cleaner.
(intransitive) To use a vacuum cleaner.

vacuum cleaner vacuum cleaners n
aspirateur balayeuse
A domestic or industrial mobile machine for cleaning floors and similar surfaces that draws dust and other particles into a container (a cyclonic type bin, or a filter bag) by the suction created by an electric motor driving a fan.

vacuum gauge vacuum gauges n
vacuomètre
(physics) An instrument that is used to measure very low pressures of gases.

vacuum sealer vacuum sealers n
emballeuse sous vide machine sous vide machine à emballer sous vide scelleuse sous vide

vacuum tube vacuum tubes n
tube à vide tube électronique
(electronics) A type of electron tube that controls electron current through vacuum between electrodes within a sealed container, usually of glass or metal and often designed to be easily installed in and removed from the equipment in which it is used.

vacuum-clean v
passer l'aspirateur
To clean with a vacuum cleaner.

vacuum-packed adj
emballé sous vide

vade mecum /ˌveɪdi ˈmiːkəm/ /ˌvɑːdi ˈmeɪkəm/ vade mecums n
vade-mecum vadémécum
A referential book such as a handbook or manual.
A useful object, constantly carried on one's person.

vadm vadms n
vam

vagabond /ˈvæ.ɡə.bɑnd/ /ˈvæ.ɡə.bɒnd/ vagabonds n
vagabond vagabonde
A person on a trip of indeterminate destination and/or length of time.

vagal /ˈveɪɡəl/ more vagal most vagal adj
vagal
(anatomy) Of or relating to the vagus nerve.

vagary /vəˈɡɛɹi/ /ˈveɪɡəɹi/ vagaries n
extravagance
An erratic, unpredictable occurrence or action.
caprice
An impulsive or illogical desire; a caprice or whim.

vagina /vəˈd͡ʒaɪ.nə/ vaginae vaginas vaginæ n
vagin
(anatomy) A passage leading from the opening of the vulva to the cervix of the uterus for copulation and childbirth in female mammals.
(zootomy) A similar part in some invertebrates.

vaginal /vəˈd͡ʒʌɪ.nəl/ /ˈvæd͡ʒ.ən.əl/ adj
vaginal
(relational) Of, relating to, or affecting the vagina.

vaginal flatulence n
pet vaginal
(formal) An emission or expulsion of air from the vagina.

vaginal fluid vaginal fluids n
émission du fluide vaginal
(medicine) Any liquid discharge from a vagina.

vaginal ring vaginal rings n
anneau vaginal
(medicine) A device consisting of a flexible ring held in the vagina which provides a controlled release of drugs, typically used for contraception.

vaginally adv
vaginalement
Via the vagina, as (usually, more specifically) by the vaginal route of administration.

vaginismus /vad͡ʒɪˈnɪzməs/ vaginismuses n
vaginisme
(pathology) A painful muscular contraction of the vagina when attempting to insert something, such as a tampon or a penis, into it.

vaginitis vaginitides vaginitises n
vaginite
(pathology) Inflammation of the vagina.

vaginoplasty vaginoplasties n
vaginoplastie
(surgery) A surgical procedure used to construct or reconstruct a vaginal canal and mucous membrane.

vaginosis vaginoses n
vaginose
(medicine) Any disease or infection of the vagina.

vagrancy /ˈveɪɡɹənsɪ/ vagrancies n
vagabondage
the state of being a vagrant

vagrant /ˈveɪɡɹənt/ vagrants n
vagabond vagabonde
(dated) A person who wanders from place to place; a nomad, a wanderer.
vagabond clodo clodote clodotte vagabonde
(specifically) A person without settled employment or habitation who usually supports himself or herself by begging or some dishonest means; a tramp, a vagabond.
erratique
(biology, especially, ornithology) An animal, typically a bird, found outside its species' usual range.

vague /veɪɡ/ /væɡ/ vaguer vaguest adj
vague
Not clearly expressed; stated in indefinite terms.
Not clearly felt or sensed; somewhat subconscious.

vaguely /ˈveɪɡli/ more vaguely most vaguely adv
vaguement
In a vague manner.

vagus nerve vagus nerves n
nerf vague
(neuroanatomy) Either of the tenth pair of cranial nerves which extend from the medulla oblongata down into the abdomen. Branches of these important nerves supply the tongue, larynx, lungs, gut, and heart.

vain /veɪn/ more vain most vain vainer vainest adj
frivole
Having no real substance, value, or importance; empty; void; worthless; unsatisfying.
vain futile
Effecting no purpose; pointless, futile.

vainglorious /ˌveɪnˈɡlɔː.ɹi.əs/ more vainglorious most vainglorious adj
fanfaron orgueilleux vaniteux
With excessive vanity or unwarranted pride.

vainglory /veɪnˈɡlɔː.ɹi/ vainglories n
gloriole
Boastful, unwarranted pride in one's accomplishments or qualities.
vaine gloire
A regarding of oneself with undue favor.

vair /veə/ /vɛə/ /vɛɹ/ vairs n
vair
(tincture) An heraldic fur formed by a regular tessellation of bell shapes in two colours, (for example in the image, blue and white).

vairy adj
vairé

vale of tears /ˈveɪl əv ˈtɪəz/ /ˈveɪl əv ˈtɪɚz/ vales of tears n
vallée de misère
(in the singular) The world, a place where difficulties and the sorrows of life are felt, especially (Christianity) as a place to be left behind when one dies and goes to heaven.

valediction /ˌvæl.əˈdɪk.ʃən/ valedictions n
discours d'adieu
A speech made when leaving or parting company.
adieux
The act of parting company.
adieu chao salut à la prochaine
A word or phrase (such as adieu or farewell) said upon leaving.
salutation
A word or phrase used to end a letter or message.

valedictorian /væl.ə.dɪkˈtoɹ.i.ən/ /væl.ə.dɪkˈtoɹ.i.ɪn/ /væl.əd.ɪkˈtɔɹ.ɪən/ valedictorians n
major major de promotion
(US, Canada, properly) The individual in a graduating class who delivers the farewell or valedictory address, often the person who graduates with the highest grades.
(US, Canada, colloquial) The individual in a graduating class who graduates with the highest grades.

valence /ˈveɪl(ə)ns/ /ˈveɪləns/ valences n
valence
The combining capacity of an atom, functional group, or radical determined by the number of atoms of hydrogen with which it will unite, or the number of electrons that it will gain, lose, or share when it combines with other atoms, etc. [from 1884]
The number of binding sites of a molecule, such as an antibody or antigen.
(countable, linguistics) The number of arguments that a verb can have, including its subject, ranging from zero to three or, less commonly, four.
(uncountable, especially, psychology) A one-dimensional value assigned by a person to an object, situation, or state, that can usually be positive (causing a feeling of attraction) or negative (repulsion). [from early 20th c.]

valenki n
valenki
Traditional Russian felt boots.

valentine /ˈvaləntaɪn/ valentines n
valentine
An expression of affection, especially romantic affection, usually in the form of greeting card, gift, or message given the object of one's affection, especially on February 14th.
Valentine
A person to whom a valentine is given or from whom it is received, especially on February 14th.

valerian /vəˈlɪəɹɪən/ valerians n
valériane
(uncountable) The root of Valeriana officinalis, used in herbal medicine.

valeric acid n
acide valérique
(chemistry) A short chain aliphatic carboxylic acid, CH3(CH2)3COOH, obtained from the roots of valerian; used in perfume, flavourings, pharmaceuticals

valet /væˈleɪ/ /ˈvæleɪ/ /ˈvælɪt/ valets n
valet
A hotel employee performing such duties for guests.
valet majordome valet de chambre
(professional wrestling) A female performer in professional wrestling, acting as either a manager or personal chaperone; often used to attract and titillate male members of the audience.
chaperon duègne
A female chaperone who accompanies a man, and is usually not married to him.
voiturier valet
(US) A person employed to clean or park cars.

valet-de-chambre valets-de-chambre n
valet de chambre
(historical) The personal servant of a monarch.

valetudinarian /ˌvæ.ləˌtuː.dəˈnɛ.ɹi.ən/ valetudinarians n
hypocondriaque
A person in poor health or sickly, especially one who is constantly obsessed with their state of health

valiance valiances n
vaillance
The quality of being valiant; heroism, bravery or valour.

valiant /ˈva.lɪ.ənt/ /ˈvæ.ljənt/ more valiant most valiant adj
vaillant preux
Possessing or showing courage or determination; brave, heroic.

valiantly more valiantly most valiantly adv
vaillamment
In a valiant manner; showing bravery.

valid /ˈvælɪd/ more valid most valid adj
valide valable
Acceptable, proper or correct; in accordance with the rules.

validate /ˈvæl.ə.deɪt/ /ˈvæl.ɪ.deɪt/ v
valider justifier
(transitive) To check or prove the validity of; verify.

validation /ˌvæl.əˈdeɪ.ʃən/ validations n
validation
The act of validating something.

validator validators n
cachet validateur
One who validates.
validateur
Something that validates.

validity /vəˈlɪd.ə.ti/ /vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/ [vəˈlɪd.ə.ɾi] [vəˈlɪɾ.ə.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ti] [vəˈlɪɾ.ɪ.ɾi] validities n
validité
The state of being valid, authentic or genuine.
(Christianity, theology) The genuinity, as distinguished from the efficacity or the regularity, of a sacrament as a result of some formal dispositions being fulfilled.

valine valines n
valine
(amino acid, organic compound) An essential amino acid 2-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid found in most animal proteins.

valkyrie /ˈvælˌkɚ.i/ /ˈvælˌkɪ.ɹi/ /ˈvɑl-/ valkyries n
valkyrie
(Norse mythology) Any of the female attendants of Odin, figures said to guide fallen warriors from the battlefield to Valhalla.

valley /ˈvæli/ valleys vallies n
vallée val
An elongated depression cast between hills or mountains, often garnished with a river flowing through it.

valour /ˈvælə/ /ˈvælɚ/ valours n
courage héroïsme
Strength of mind in regard to danger; the quality which enables a person to encounter danger with firmness

valuable /ˈvælju(ə)bl̩/ /ˈvæljəbl̩/ more valuable most valuable adj
précieux
Having a great value.

valuable /ˈvælju(ə)bl̩/ /ˈvæljəbl̩/ valuables n
valeur
(usually, in plural) A personal possession such as jewellery, of relatively great monetary value.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ values n
valeur
The quality (positive or negative) that renders something desirable or valuable.
(uncountable) The degree of importance given to something.
The amount (of money or goods or services) that is considered to be a fair equivalent for something else.
(music) The relative duration of a musical note.
(mathematics, physics) Any definite numerical quantity or other mathematical object, determined by being measured, computed, or otherwise defined.

value /ˈvæl.juː/ v
évaluer
To estimate the value of; judge the worth of something.
valoriser
To fix or determine the value of; assign a value to, as of jewelry or art work.

value added values added n
valeur ajoutée
(economics, business) the amount by which the value of an article is increased at each stage of its production, exclusive of initial costs

value added tax value added taxes n
taxe sur la valeur ajoutée
(taxation) A tax levied on the added value that results from the exchange of goods and services

value judgment value judgments n
jugement de valeur
(philosophy) A judgment of the rightness or wrongness of something, based on a particular set of values or on a particular value system.

value proposition value propositions n
proposition de valeur
(business, management) The benefit (such as profit or convenience) offered by an organisation's product or service.

value system value systems n
système de valeurs
A hierarchy of values that all moral beings have, reflected in their choices. Most people's value systems differ. It's an individualistic concept. One's value system is molded by one's virtues or vices, and experiences.

valve /ˈvælv/ valves n
soupape clapet valve
A device that controls the flow of a gas or fluid through a pipe.
soupape valve
A device that admits fuel and air into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, or one that allows combustion gases to exit.
valvule vanne
(anatomy) One or more membranous partitions, flaps, or folds, which permit the passage of the contents of a vessel or cavity in one direction, but stop or control the flow in the opposite direction

vambrace /ˈvæm.bɹeɪs/ vambraces n
brassard de l’avant-bras
(historical) The piece of armor designed to protect the arm from the elbow to the wrist.

vamoose v
bouger dégager se barrer se casser se tirer tracer
(ambitransitive, slang) To run away (from); to flee.
bouger grouiller se magner tracer
(intransitive, slang) To hurry.

vamp /væmp/ vamps n
empeigne
The top part of a boot or shoe, above the sole and welt and in front of the ankle seam, that covers the instep and toes; the front part of an upper; the analogous part of a stocking. [from c. 1225]
vamp
A flirtatious, seductive woman, especially one who exploits men by using their sexual desire for her. [from c. 1915]

vampire /ˈvæm.paɪ.ə(ɹ)/ vampires n
vampire
A mythological undead creature said to feed on the blood of the living. [from 1732]
chauve-souris vampire vampire
A blood-sucking bat; vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) [from later 18th c.]

vampire bat vampire bats n
chauve-souris vampire
Any of the three small bats of the subfamily Desmodontinae, native to Central and South America, which use their teeth to cut the skin of larger animals while they are asleep and surreptitiously drink blood, their sole source of food.

vampire squid n
vampire des enfers
A small deep-sea cephalopod, Vampyroteuthis infernalis, sole species of its order, found in temperate and tropical oceans.

vampiress vampiresses n
vampiresse
A female vampire.

vampiric more vampiric most vampiric adj
vampirique
Having the traits of a vampire.

vampirization vampirizations n
vampirisation
The act of turning someone into a vampire.

vampirize v
vampirer vampiriser
(transitive) To make into a vampire.

van /væn/ vans n
camionnette fourgonnette fourgon
A covered motor vehicle used to carry goods or (normally less than ten) persons, usually roughly cuboid in shape, longer and higher than a car but relatively smaller than a truck/lorry or a bus.

vanadate /ˈvænədeɪt/ vanadates n
vanadate
(chemistry) any salt of vanadic acid

vanadinite vanadinites n
vanadinite
(mineral) A reddish mineral, a mixed chloride and vanadate of lead with the chemical formula Pb5(VO4)3Cl, that is commercial source of vanadium.

vanadium /vəˈneɪdi.əm/ vanadiums n
vanadium
A chemical element (symbol V) with atomic number 23; it is a transition metal, used in the production of special steels.

vandal /ˈvændəl/ vandals n
vandale
A person who needlessly destroys, defaces, or damages things, especially other people's property.

vandalise /ˈvændəlaɪz/ v
vandaliser
To needlessly destroy or deface other people’s property or public property; to commit vandalism.

vandalism /ˈvændəlɪzm̩/ vandalisms n
vandalisme
Willful damage to or destruction of any property, such as graffiti or defacement.

vane /veɪn/ vanes n
pale
Any of several usually relatively thin, rigid, flat, or sometimes curved surfaces radially mounted along an axis, as a blade in a turbine or a sail on a windmill, that is turned by or used to turn a fluid.
vexillum étendard
(ornithology) The flattened, web-like part of a feather, consisting of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft.

vanguard /ˈvanˌɡɑːd/ /ˈvænˌɡɑɹd/ /ˈvɛnˌɡɐːd/ vanguards n
avant-garde
(military) The leading units at the front of an army or fleet.
(by extension) The person(s) at the forefront of any group or movement.

vanilla /vəˈnɛlə/ /vəˈnɪlə/ more vanilla most vanilla adj
de vanille à la vanille
(of flavor, etc.) Of vanilla.
classique standard
(colloquial, mostly, computing, retronym) Standard, plain, default, unmodified, basic.

vanilla /vəˈnɛlə/ /vəˈnɪlə/ vanillas n
vanille
(countable) Any tropical, climbing orchid of the genus Vanilla (especially Vanilla planifolia), bearing podlike fruit yielding an extract used in flavoring food or in perfumes.
(countable) The fruit or bean of the vanilla plant.
(uncountable) The extract of the fruit of the vanilla plant.
(uncountable) The distinctive fragrant flavour/flavor characteristic of vanilla extract.
(uncountable) Any artificially produced homologue of vanilla extract, principally vanillin produced from lignin from the paper industry or from petrochemicals.

vanilla extract vanilla extracts n
extrait de vanille
A liquid, technically a tincture, used in cooking, prepared by soaking vanilla beans in alcohol.

vanillatte vanillattes n
vanillatté

vanillin /vəˈnɪlɪn/ vanillins n
vanilline
A chemical compound, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, that is the primary constituent of vanilla.

vanish /ˈvænɪʃ/ v
disparaître s'évanouir
To become invisible or to move out of view unnoticed.
s'annuler
(mathematics) To become equal to zero.

vanishing point vanishing points n
point de fuite
The point in a perspective drawing at which parallel lines receding from an observer seem to converge.

vanity /ˈvænəti/ /ˈvænɪti/ [-ɾi] vanities n
vanité
That which is vain, futile, or worthless; that which is of no value, use or profit.
Excessive pride in or admiration of one's own abilities, appearance, achievements, or possessions.

vanity press /ˌvænəti ˈpɹɛs/ /ˌvænɪti ˈpɹɛs/ [-ɾi-] vanity presses n
édition [[à compte d'auteur]]
(derogatory) A book publisher that lets the author pay the expenses of publishing up front, leaving the risk of financial failure with the author.

vanquish /ˈvæŋkwɪʃ/ v
vaincre
(transitive) To defeat (someone); to overcome.

vantage /ˈvæntɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɑːntɪd͡ʒ/ vantages n
avantage
(archaic) An advantage.

vantage point /ˈvæn.tɪd͡ʒ ˌpɔɪnt/ /ˈvɑːn.tɪd͡ʒ ˌpɔɪnt/ vantage points n
point de vue privilégié
A place or position affording a good view.

vape /veɪp/ v
vapoter
(intransitive) To inhale the vapor produced by a non-combustible cigarette, most commonly an electronic cigarette.

vaper vapers n
vapoteur vapoteuse
A user of electronic cigarettes

vapid /ˈveɪp.ɪd/ /ˈvæp.ɪd/ more vapid most vapid adj
amorphe bête couillon cucul cucul-la-praline gourde
Lifeless, dull, or banal.
insipide fadasse fade plat
Tasteless, bland, or insipid.

vapidity vapidities n
fadeur
The state or quality of being vapid; vapidness.

vaping n
vapotage

vapor /ˈveɪpə/ /ˈveɪpɚ/ vapors n
vapeur
The gaseous state of a substance that is normally a solid or liquid.

vapor pressure vapor pressures n
pression de la vapeur
(physics) The pressure that a vapor exerts, or the partial pressure if it is mixed with other gases.

vaporize v
vaporiser
(ambitransitive) To turn into vapor.

vaporous /ˈveɪpəɹəs/ /ˈveɪpɹəs/ more vaporous most vaporous adj
vaporeux
Of or relating to vapour; also, having the characteristics or consistency of vapour.

vaporware /ˈveɪ.pə.wɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈveɪpɚwɛɹ/ n
fumiciel
(computing) An advertised product, often computer software, whose launch has not happened yet and might not ever happen.

vaquita /vəˈkiːtə/ vaquitas n
marsouin du Pacifique
A small and critically endangered porpoise, Phocoena sinus, endemic to the northern part of the Gulf of California, Mexico.

varactor varactors n
diode varicap diode à capacité variable
(electronics) A solid-state diode whose capacitance varies with the applied voltage.

vardapet /ˈvɑɹdəpɛt/ /ˈvɑːdəpɛt/ vardapets n
vartabed
(Christianity) A highly educated archimandrite in the Armenian Apostolic Church tradition who holds a Doctorate in Theology.

varenyky /vəˈɹɛniːkiː/ n
vareniki varenyky
Boiled dumplings stuffed with potato, cheese, or other filling; a serving of these; .

variability /-ɪ.ti/ /ˌvæɹ.i.ə.ˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɛəɹ.i.ə.ˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɛɹ.i.ə.ˈbɪl.ə.ti/ variabilities n
variabilité
The state or characteristic of being variable.
The degree to which a thing is variable. In data or statistics this is often a measurement of distance from the mean or a description of data range.

variable /ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ more variable most variable adj
variable
Able to vary or be varied.
Likely to vary.
Marked by diversity or difference.
(mathematics) Having no fixed quantitative value.

variable /ˈvæɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.ə.bl̩/ variables n
variable
Something that is variable.
(programming) A named memory location in which a program can store intermediate results and from which it can read them.
variable paramètre
Something whose value may be dictated or discovered.
(mathematics) A quantity that may assume any one of a set of values.
(mathematics) A symbol representing a variable.

variable antshrike variable antshrikes n
batara bleuâtre
A passerine bird of the antbird family, in species Thamnophilus caerulescens.

variable cost variable costs n
coût variable
(accounting) A cost that changes with the change in volume of activity of an organization.

variable star variable stars n
étoile variable
(star) Any star whose brightness varies.

variadic /vɛəɹiˈædɪk/ /vɛɹiˈædɪk/ adj
variadique
(programming, mathematics, linguistics) Taking a variable number of arguments; especially, taking arbitrarily many arguments.

variance /ˈveː.ɹi.əns/ /ˈvæɹ.i.əns/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.əns/ /ˈvɛː.ɹi.əns/ variances n
variance
(statistics) The second central moment in probability.

variant /ˈvæɹi.ənt/ /ˈvɛəɹi.ənt/ variants n
variante
Something that is slightly different from a type or norm.

variation /ˌvæɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛəɹɪˈeɪʃn̩/ /ˌvɛɹiˈeɪʃn̩/ variations n
variation
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing.
(music) A technique where material is repeated with alterations to the melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre, texture, counterpoint or orchestration; but with some invariant characteristic, e.g. a ground bass.
variante
A related but distinct thing.
(board games) A line of play that differs from the original.
déclinaison
(nautical) The angular difference at the vessel between the direction of true north and magnetic north.

variator variators n
variateur
A device that can change the parameters of something.

varicose /ˈvɛɹ.ə.koʊs/ more varicose most varicose adj
variqueux
(usually of a vein or set of veins) Abnormally swollen, dilated or knotty.

varicose vein varicose veins n
varice
(pathology) An abnormally swollen or dilated vein.
(in the plural) The medical condition of having such veins, especially in the legs.

varied tit varied tits n
mésange variée
Sittiparus varius, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

variegated /ˈveəɹɪəˌɡeɪtɪd/ /ˈvæɹi.əˌɡeɪtɪd/ more variegated most variegated adj
bigarré multicolore
Streaked, spotted, or otherwise marked with a variety of color.

variety /-ɾi/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ə.ti/ /vəˈɹaɪ.ɪ.ti/ varieties n
variété
(linguistics) A specific form of a language, neutral to whether that form is an accent, dialect, register, etc., and to its prestige level; an isolect or lect.
(botany, taxonomy) A rank in a taxonomic classification below species and (if present) subspecies, and above form; hence, an organism of that rank.
(algebraic geometry) Ellipsis of algebraic variety (“the set of solutions of a given system of polynomial equations over the real or complex numbers; any of certain generalisations of such a set that preserves the geometric intuition implicit in the original definition”).

variety is the spice of life proverb
il faut varier les plaisirs
Variety is what makes life interesting.

variety show variety shows n
émission de variétés
(radio, television, theater) A type of entertainment featuring a succession of short, unrelated performances by various artistes such as (depending on the medium) acrobats, comedians, dancers, magicians, singers, etc.

varifocal adj
varifocal
Having a variable focal length, with focus that changes in synchronization

varifocals n
lunettes varifocales
spectacles having varifocal lenses

variola variolas n
variole
(pathology) Smallpox.

variolation variolations n
variolisation
(historical) The inoculation of a person with smallpox with the intention of inducing a mild form of the illness and subsequent immunity to the disease.

various /ˈvæɹ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛə.ɹi.əs/ /ˈvɛɚ.i.əs/ /ˈvɛɹ.i.əs/ adj
divers
Having a broad range (of different elements).

varistor /vɛəˈɹɪstə(ɹ)/ varistors n
varistance
(electronics) An electronic component having a variable resistance; used to protect circuits against power surges.

varmint /ˈvɑɹmɪnt/ /ˈvɑːmɪnt/ varmints n
nuisible
A pestering animal such as one that kills or harasses a farmer's livestock or crops.
peste plaie
(by extension) An obnoxious person or troublemaker.

varna /ˈvɑːnə/ /ˈvɜːnə/ varnas n
varna
(Hinduism) any of the four original castes in Hinduism, or the system of such castes

varnish /ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/ varnishes n
vernis
A type of paint with a solvent that evaporates to leave a hard, transparent, glossy film.

varnish /ˈvɑː(ɹ)nɪʃ/ v
vernir
(intransitive) To apply varnish.

varve /vɑɹv/ /vɑːv/ varves n
varve
(geology) An annual layer of sediment or sedimentary rock.

vary /ˈvæɹi/ /ˈvɛəɹi/ /ˈvɛɹi/ v
varier
(intransitive) Not to remain constant: to change with time or a similar parameter.
(transitive) To make of different kinds; to make different from one another; to diversity; to variegate.

vas deferens vasa deferentia n
canal déférent conduit déférent spermiducte
(anatomy) The duct in the testicle that carries semen from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

vascular adj
vasculaire
(anatomy) Relating to the flow of fluids, such as blood, lymph, or sap, through the body of an animal or plant, or to the vessels that carry such fluids

vascular plant vascular plants n
plante vasculaire
(botany) Any plant possessing vascular tissue (xylem and phloem), including ferns, conifers, and flowering plants.

vasculature /ˈvæskjʊlət͡ʃə(ɹ)/ vasculatures n
vasculature
(anatomy) The arrangement of blood vessels in the body, or within an organ.

vasculitis /ˌvæskjʊˈlaɪtɪs/ vasculitides vasculitises n
angéite vascularite
(pathology) A group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels.

vase /veɪs/ /veɪz/ /væes/ /vɐːz/ /vɑz/ /vɑːz/ /vɔz/ /vɔːz/ vases n
vase
An upright open container used mainly for displaying fresh, dried, or artificial flowers.

vasectomy /vəˈsɛktəmi/ vasectomies n
vasectomie
(surgery) The surgical incision of all or part of the vas deferens as a means of male sterilization.

vaseline /ˈvæsəliːn/ vaselines n
vaseline
Petroleum jelly.

vaso- /ˌveɪsə(ʊ)/ prefix
vaso-
(medicine, pathology) Pertaining to blood vessels or the vascular system.

vasoactive more vasoactive most vasoactive adj
vasoactif
(physiology, medicine) Active on vessel walls, that is, causing either constriction or dilation of a blood vessel, thus affecting hemodynamics (blood flow). Vasoactive substances may be endogenous (for example, endogenous angiotensin, vasopressin, or epinephrine) or exogenous (for example, pharmaceutical vasopressin or epinephrine).

vasodilation vasodilations n
vasodilatation
Dilation or widening of the blood vessels.

vasodilator vasodilators n
vasodilatateur
(pharmacology) A drug or chemical agent that causes dilation of the blood vessels thereby reducing blood pressure.

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ adj
vassal

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ vassals n
vassal
(historical, law) The grantee of a fief, a subordinate granted use of a superior's land and its income in exchange for vows of fidelity and homage and (typically) military service.

vassal /ˈvæsəl/ v
vassaliser

vassal state vassal states n
État vassal
A state that is subordinate to another; government chiefly directed by the interests of an overlord or patron state.

vast /væst/ /vɑːst/ more vast most vast vaster vastest adj
vaste immense
Very large or wide (literally or figuratively).

vastly more vastly most vastly adv
beaucoup
Greatly, in a vast manner.

vastness /ˈvæstnəs/ vastnesses n
immensité
(uncountable) The quality of being vast.

vat /væt/ vats n
cuve
A large tub, such as is used for making wine or for tanning.

vates /ˈveɪtiz/ n
vate
A poet or bard who is divinely inspired.

vatnik /ˈvætnɪk/ /ˈvɑtnɪk/ vatniki vatniks n
vatnik
A Russian style of quilted jacket.
(derogatory, internet slang, neologism, by extension) A supporter of Vladimir Putin, Russian nationalism, or the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine; a Putinist.

vatrushka vatrushkas n
vatrouchka
A sort of small, round pastry filled with cottage cheese, popular in Eastern Europe.

vaudeville /ˈvoʊd.vɪl/ /ˈvɔ.də.vɪl/ /ˈvɔd.vɪl/ /ˈvɔː.də.vɪl/ vaudevilles n
vaudeville
(historical, uncountable) A style of multi-act theatrical entertainment which originated from France and flourished in Europe and North America from the 1880s through the 1920s.

vault /vɑlt/ /vɒlt/ /vɔlt/ /vɔːlt/ vaults n
voûte voute chambre forte
An arched masonry structure supporting and forming a ceiling, whether freestanding or forming part of a larger building.
voûte voute
(figuratively) Anything resembling such a downward-facing concave structure, particularly the sky and caves.
perche saut de cheval
(gymnastics) A gymnastic movement performed on this apparatus.
cellier voute voûte
Any cellar or underground storeroom.
chambre forte
The secure room or rooms in or below a bank used to store currency and other valuables; similar rooms in other settings.
perche
(often, figurative) Any archive of past content.

vault /vɑlt/ /vɒlt/ /vɔlt/ /vɔːlt/ v
bondir
(ambitransitive) To jump or leap over with a hand and/or foot on the item for support.

vaulting box vaulting boxes n
plinth
(gymnastics) A layered wooden box that is padded with leather, used in gymnastics.

vaunt /vɑnt/ /vɑːnt/ /vɔnt/ /vɔːnt/ vaunts n
vantardise
An instance of vaunting; a boast.

vaunted more vaunted most vaunted adj
vanté
Highly or widely praised or boasted about.

vav vavs n
vav wau waw
The sixth letter of the Hebrew alphabet, ו.

vaxxer /ˈvæksə/ /ˈvæksɚ/ /ˈvɛksə/ vaxxers n
vaxxeur vaxxeuse

veal /viːl/ veals n
veau
The flesh of a calf (i.e. a young bovine) used for food.

veche veches n
vétché
(historical, political) a popular assembly in medieval Slavic countries.

vector /ˈvɛktə/ /ˈvɛktɚ/ vectors n
vecteur
(mathematics) A directed quantity, one with both magnitude and direction; the signed difference between two points.
(aviation) A chosen course or direction for motion, as of an aircraft.
(epidemiology) A carrier of a disease-causing agent.
(programming) A kind of dynamically resizable array.

vector field vector fields n
champ vectoriel
(mathematics) a function mapping a subset of \mathbb{R}^n into a subset of \mathbb{R}^n

vector graphics n
image vectorielle
(computing) Geometrical primitives based upon mathematical equations to represent images in computer graphics, contrasted with raster graphics.

vector product vector products n
produit vectoriel produit extérieur
(linear algebra) a vector with the size given by the product of two vectors computed as the product of the magnitudes of the vectors and the sine of the angle between their directions, and directed perpendicular to the given two vectors, with positive orientation.

vector space vector spaces n
espace vectoriel
(algebra, geometry, topology) A set of elements called vectors, together with some field and operations called addition (mapping two vectors to a vector) and scalar multiplication (mapping a vector and an element in the field to a vector), satisfying a list of constraints.

vectorial adj
vectoriel
(mathematics) Of or pertaining to a vector.

vectorization vectorizations n
vectorisation
The action of vectorizing.

vectorize /ˈvɛktəɹaɪz/ v
vectoriser
(computer graphics, transitive) To convert an image into a vector graphics format.

vedutista vedutistas vedutisti n
védutiste
(art) A landscape painter.

vee /ˈviː/ vees n
vé
The name of the Latin-script letter V.

veer /vɪ(ə)ɹ/ /vɪə/ v
tourner virer
(intransitive) To change direction or course suddenly; to swerve.
virer
(intransitive, of the wind) To shift in a clockwise direction (if in the Northern Hemisphere, or in a counterclockwise direction if in the Southern Hemisphere).
(intransitive, nautical) To change direction into the wind; to wear ship.
(transitive) To turn.

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ adj
végan végétalien végane
Relating to vegans or veganism. [from 1944]

vegan /ˈveɪɡən/ /ˈviːɡən/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒən/ vegans n
végétalien végétalienne végan végane
A person committed to avoiding products and practices that inherently involve animal use, including all foods containing animal products, and to abstaining from direct and intentional harm to animals as far as possible; an adherent to veganism.

veganarchism n
anarchisme végétalien véganarchisme
(politics, economics) A philosophy combining anarchism and veganism, advocating animal rights through the abolition of the state.

veganism veganisms n
véganisme végétalisme

vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.ə.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛt͡ʃ.tə.bəl/ [ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bl̩] adj
végétal
Of or relating to plants.
légumier
Of or relating to vegetables.

vegetable /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒ.ə.tə.bəl/ /ˈvɛt͡ʃ.tə.bəl/ [ˈvɛd͡ʒ.tə.bl̩] vegetables n
végétal
Any plant.
légume
A plant raised for some edible part of it, such as the leaves, roots, fruit or flowers, but excluding any plant considered to be a fruit, grain, herb, or spice in the culinary sense.
The edible part of such a plant.
légume végétal
(figuratively, derogatory) A person whose brain (or, infrequently, whose body) has been damaged to the point that they cannot interact with the surrounding environment; a person in a persistent vegetative state.

vegetable garden vegetable gardens n
potager
A garden where vegetables and herbs are grown for personal or household use, sometimes inclusive of cold frames, greenhouses, and market gardens. (This entry is a translation hub.)

vegetable lamb /ˌvɛdʒtəbəl ˈlam/ /ˌvɛdʒtəbəl ˈlæm/ /ˌvɛdʒətəbəl ˈlæm/ /ˌvɛtʃ-/ vegetable lambs n
agneau de Scythie agneau tartare barometz
(mythological creature) A legendary plant believed to grow sheep from its branches.

vegetable oil vegetable oils n
huile végétale
Any oil produced from plants, such as olive oil and corn oil, mostly used for cooking.

vegetable soup vegetable soups n
soupe de légumes
(culinary) A soup made from a variety of vegetables

vegetal /ˈvɛd͡ʒɨtl̩/ /ˈvɛd͡ʒɪ̈tl̩/ more vegetal most vegetal adj
végétal
Pertaining to vegetables or plants. [from 16th c.]

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ more vegetarian most vegetarian adj
végétarien
Of or relating to the type of diet eaten by vegetarians (in all senses). [from 1849]
Of a product normally made with meat, having non-meat substitutes in place of meat.

vegetarian /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛ.ɹi.ən/ /vɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/ /ˌvɛ.d͡ʒɪˈtɛə.ɹɪ.ən/ vegetarians n
végétarien végétarienne
A person who does not eat animal flesh, or, in some cases, use any animal products. [from 1839]
herbivore
An animal that eats only plants; a herbivore.

vegetarianism /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛəɹi.ənɪzəm/ /vɛd͡ʒɪˈtɛɹi.ənɪzəm/ vegetarianisms n
végétarisme
The practice of following a vegetarian diet.

vegetate /ˈvɛd͡ʒɪteɪt/ v
végéter
(of a plant) To grow or sprout.
(informal) To live or spend a period of time in a dull, inactive, unchallenging way.

vegetation /ˌvɛd͡ʒəˈteɪʃən/ vegetations n
végétation
(uncountable) Plants, taken collectively.

veggie burger /ˈvɛdʒijˈbɹ̩ɡɹ̩/ veggie burgers n
burger végétarien
A burger patty made without meat or other animal products.

vehement /ˈviː.hə.mənt/ /ˈviː.ə.mənt/ /ˈvɪə.mənt/ more vehement most vehement adj
véhément
Showing strong feelings; passionate; forceful or intense.

vehicle /ˈvi.ə.kəl/ /ˈviˌ(h)ɪ.kəl/ /ˈviː.ɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɛ.hɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɪə.kəl/ /ˈvɪː(ə).kəl/ vehicles n
véhicule moyen de transport
A conveyance; a spacious device for carrying or transporting substances, objects, people or animals.

vehicle inspection vehicle inspections n
contrôle technique
A procedure mandated by national or subnational governments in many countries, in which a vehicle is inspected to ensure that it conforms to regulations governing safety, emissions, or both. Inspection can be required at various times, e.g., periodically or on transfer of title to a vehicle.

vehicular /viˈhɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ /viːɪk.jə.lə(ɹ)/ adj
véhiculaire
Of or pertaining to a vehicle or vehicles, usually specifically cars and trucks.

veil /veɪl/ veils n
voile
Something hung up or spread out to hide or protect the face, or hide an object from view; usually of gauze, crepe, or similar diaphanous material.
A covering for a person or thing; as, a caul (especially over the head)

veil /veɪl/ v
voiler
(transitive) To dress in, or decorate with, a veil.
(transitive) To conceal as with a veil.

vein /veɪn/ veins n
veine
(anatomy) A blood vessel that transports blood from the capillaries back to the heart.

velar /ˈveɪlə/ /ˈveɪlɚ/ /ˈviːlə/ /ˈviːlɚ/ velars n
vélaire
(phonetics) A sound articulated at the soft palate.

veld /fɛlt/ /vɛld/ /vɛlt/ velds n
veld
(chiefly, South Africa) The open grassland or pastureland of South Africa and neighbouring countries.

velleity /vɛˈliː.ɪ.ti/ velleities n
velléité
The lowest degree of desire or volition; a total lack of effort to act.
A slight wish not followed by any effort to obtain.

vellum /ˈvɛləm/ vellums n
vélin
A type of parchment paper made from the skin of a lamb, baby goat, or calf.
A writing paper of very high quality.

velocipede /vɪˈlɒs.ɪ.piːd/ velocipedes n
vélocipède
(historical) An early two-wheeled conveyance upon which one rode astride a wooden frame propelled by means of pushing the feet against the ground.

velociraptor velociraptors n
vélociraptor
A small agile dinosaur, of the genus Velociraptor, having sickle-shaped claws. It is also thought to have had a feathered coat. Fossils have been found in Late Cretaceous deposits Mongolia and China (around 75-71 mya).
(film) Also Deinonychus

velocity /vəˈlɑsəti/ /vəˈlɒsəti/ velocities n
vélocité vecteur vitesse
(physics) A vector quantity that denotes the rate of change of position with respect to time, combining speed with a directional component.
vitesse
Rapidity of motion.
fréquence
The rate of occurrence.

velodrome /ˈvɛl.ə.dɹəʊm/ velodromes n
vélodrome
An indoor arena, having an oval banked track for bicycle racing.

velour velours n
velours
A knit fabric similar to velvet, but usually somewhat coarser.

velvet /ˈvɛlvɪt/ velvets n
velours
A closely woven fabric (originally of silk, now also of cotton or man-made fibres) with a thick short pile on one side.
duvet velours
Very fine fur, including the skin and fur on a deer's antlers.

velvet scoter velvet scoters n
macreuse brune
An arctic sea duck, Melanitta fusca.

velvet tamarind velvet tamarinds n
tamarinier noir
Dialium guineense, native to Africa

velveteen /ˈvɛlvətiːn/ velveteens n
velours
A cotton fabric with a short pile, resembling velvet.

velvetleaf velvetleafs n
abutilon de Théophraste
A tall Asian herb, of species Abutilon theophrasti, that has velvety heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers.

venal /ˈviːnəl/ more venal most venal adj
vénal
(archaic) For sale; available for purchase.
Capable of being bought (of a person); willing to take bribes.
(of behaviour etc.) Corrupt, mercenary.

venally more venally most venally adv
vénalement
In a venal fashion; mercenarily or in a manner subject to corruption.

vend /vɛnd/ vends n
vente
The act of vending or selling; a sale.
(UK, Australia, dated) The total sales of coal from a colliery.

vendace /ˈvɛndɪs/ vendace vendaces n
corégone blanc corégone
Either of two types of whitefish, Coregonus albula and Coregonus vandesius.

vendetta /vænˈdɛtə/ /vɛnˈdɛtə/ [vənˈdɛɾə] [vɛnˈdɛɾə] vendettas vendette n
vendetta
A bitter, destructive feud, normally between two families, clans, or factions, in which each injury or slaying is revenged: a blood feud.

vending machine vending machines n
distributeur automatique distributeur distributrice
An automatic machine that dispenses merchandise (often food or beverages) in return for payment (originally coins; now also often paper money, credit cards, and wirelessly via digital payment apps).

vendor /ˈvɛn.də/ /ˈvɛn.dɚ/ vendors n
vendeur marchand commerçant commerçante marchande vendeuse
A person or a company that vends or sells.

veneer /vəˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /vəˈnɪɹ/ veneers n
placage
A thin decorative covering of fine material (usually wood) applied to coarser wood or other material.
vernis
An attractive appearance that covers or disguises one's true nature or feelings.

veneer /vəˈnɪə(ɹ)/ /vəˈnɪɹ/ v
vernir
(transitive, woodworking) To apply veneer to.

venerate /ˈvɛnəɹeɪt/ v
vénérer
(transitive) To treat with great respect and deference.

veneration /ˌvɛnəˈɹeɪʃən/ venerations n
vénération

venereal /vəˈnɪ.ɹi.əl/ /vəˈnɪə.ɹɪ.əl/ /vɪ-/ adj
vénérien aphroditique
Of a disease: sexually transmitted; of or relating to, or adapted to the cure of, a venereal disease.

venereal disease venereal diseases n
maladie vénérienne
(disease) Any of several contagious diseases, such as syphilis and gonorrhea, contracted through sexual intercourse.

venereology n
vénéréologie
(medicine) A branch of medicine dealing with the study and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.

venerid venerids n
praire
A short-necked clam of the family Veneridae.

venery /ˈvɛnəɹi/ veneries n
vènerie
The hunting of wild animals.

vengeance /ˈvɛnˌd͡ʒəns/ vengeances n
vengeance
Revenge taken for an insult, injury, or other wrong.

vengeful /ˈvɛnʒ.fəl/ more vengeful most vengeful adj
vindicatif revanchiste
Vindictive or wanting vengeance.

venial /ˈviːni.əl/ more venial most venial adj
véniel
Able to be forgiven; worthy of forgiveness.

venial sin venial sins n
péché véniel
(Roman Catholic, theology) A sin that is not a mortal sin; a sin that is not grave, or was not deliberate or was committed without a full understanding of the consequences.

venison /ˈvɛ.nɪ.sən/ /ˈvɛ.nɪ.zən/ /ˈvɛn.zən/ venisons n
venaison gibier viande de biche
The meat of a deer.

venom /ˈvɛnəm/ venoms n
venin
An animal toxin intended for defensive or offensive use; a biological poison delivered by bite, sting, etc., to protect an animal or to kill its prey.
(figuratively) Feeling or speech marked by spite or malice; vitriol.

venomous /ˈvɛnəməs/ more venomous most venomous adj
vénéneux venimeux
Of an animal (specifically a snake) or parts of its body: producing venom which is usually injected into an enemy or prey by biting or stinging; hence, of a bite or sting: injecting venom.
venimeux
(archaic) Consisting of, or containing or full of, venom or some other poison; hence, harmful to health due to this.
malveillant
Hateful; malignant; spiteful.

venous /ˈviː.nəs/ more venous most venous adj
veineux
(relational) Of or pertaining to veins.

vent /vɛnt/ vents n
bouche d'aération
An opening through which gases, especially air, can pass.
cheminée
An opening in a volcano from which lava or gas flows.
cloaque
The excretory opening of lower orders of vertebrates.

vent /vɛnt/ v
évacuer
(intransitive) To allow gases to escape.
ventiler
(transitive) To allow to escape through a vent.
donner libre cours manifester s'épancher
(transitive, intransitive) To express a strong emotion.

vent one's spleen v
passer ses nerfs
To openly express pent-up anger, often on an unrelated matter or person.

ventilation /ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ ventilations n
ventilation aération
The replacement of stale or noxious air with fresh.
The mechanical system used to circulate and replace air.
confrontation
An exchange of views during a discussion.
ventilation respiration
(medicine) The mechanical system used to assist breathing.

ventilator /ˈvɛntɪleɪtə/ ventilators n
ventilateur
A device that circulates fresh air and expels stale or noxious air.
respirateur respirateur artificiel
(medicine) A machine that moves breathable air into and out of the lungs of a patient who is unable to breathe sufficiently.

ventile ventiles n
vingtile
(statistics) Any of the nineteen points that divide an ordered distribution into twenty parts, each containing one twentieth of the population.

ventral /ˈvɛntɹəl/ adj
ventral
(anatomy) On the front side of the human body, or the corresponding surface of an animal, usually the lower surface.
(anatomy) On or relating to the sole of the foot or the palmar surface of the hand

ventricular adj
ventriculaire
Of or relating to a ventricle or ventriculus.

ventricular fibrillation ventricular fibrillations n
fibrillation ventriculaire
(cardiology) An abnormal heart rhythm in which the ventricles of the heart quiver instead of pumping normally.

ventriculoarterial adj
ventriculo-artériel
Refers to the spatial relationship between the ventricles and the primary arteries of the heart.

ventriloquism ventriloquisms n
ventriloquie
The art of projecting one's voice without moving the lips so that it appears to come from another source, such as a dummy.

ventriloquist /vɛnˈtɹɪl.ə.kwɪst/ ventriloquists n
ventriloque
A person, especially an entertainer, who practices ventriloquism.

venture /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃə/ /ˈvɛn.t͡ʃɚ/ v
s'aventurer
(transitive) To undertake a risky or daring journey.
oser
(intransitive, with at or on) To dare to engage in; to attempt without any certainty of success.
risquer
(transitive) To confide in; to rely on; to trust.

venture capital n
capital-risque
(business) Money invested in an innovative enterprise in which both the potential for profit and the risk of loss are considerable.

venture capitalist venture capitalists n
capital-risqueur
An investor who invests money in an innovative enterprise for which the potential for high profit and the risk of loss are both considerable.

venue /ˈvɛnjuː/ venues n
lieu salle
(legal) A neighborhood or near place; the place or county in which anything is alleged to have happened; also, the place where an action is laid, or the district from which a jury comes.

veracity /vəˈɹæ.sə.ti/ /vəˈɹæ.sɪ.ti/ veracities n
véracité
(uncountable, of a person) The quality of speaking or stating the truth; truthfulness.
vérité
(countable) Something that is true; a truthful statement; a truth.
exactitude
(uncountable) Agreement with the facts; accordance with the truth; accuracy or precision.

veraison n
véraison
A stage in the ripening process of grapes or olives. It is the relatively short period during which the firm, green berries begin to soften and change colour.

veranda /vəˈɹæn.də/ verandas n
véranda
A gallery, platform, or balcony, usually roofed and often partly enclosed, extending along the outside of a building. [from 18th c.]

verb /vɜːb/ /vɝb/ verbs n
verbe
(grammar) A word that indicates an action, event, or state of being.

verb of motion verbs of motion n
verbe de mouvement

verb phrase verb phrases n
syntagme verbal
(grammar) A phrase that functions syntactically as a verb, consisting of a main verb and any auxiliaries.

verb-framing n
cadrage verbal

verbal /ˈvɜː.bəl/ /ˈvɝ.bəl/ [ˈvɜː.bɫ̩] [ˈvɜ˞.bɫ̩] adj
verbal
Of or relating to words.
Consisting of words only.
(grammar) Derived from, or having the nature of a verb.
(grammar) Used to form a verb.
verbal oral
Expressly spoken rather than written; oral.

verbal assault verbal assaults n
abus verbal aggression verbale attaque verbale
(US, legal) Oral or written speech that creates, or is intended to create, a fear of physical harm.

verbal diarrhea n
diarrhée verbale
(slang) logorrhea

verbal noun verbal nouns n
nom verbal
(grammar) A noun that is morphologically related to a verb and similar to it in meaning; in English, it contrasts with the gerund and the deverbal noun.

verbalization verbalizations n
verbalisation
An instance of verbalizing.

verbally more verbally most verbally adv
verbalement
In a verbal manner; with words; by speaking.

verbatim /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/ /vɝˈbeɪ.tɪm/ adv
mot à mot littéralement mot pour mot texto
Word for word; in exactly the same words as were used originally.

verbatim /vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/ /vɝˈbeɪ.tɪm/ verbatims n
verbatim
A word-for-word report of a speech.

verbena /vɜːˈbiːnə/ /vɝˈbinə/ verbenas n
verveine
Verbena, a genus of herbaceous plants of which several species are extensively cultivated for the great beauty of their flowers; vervain.

verbiage /ˈvɜː(ɹ).bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ /ˈvɝ.bi.ɪd͡ʒ/ verbiages n
verbiage
Overabundance of words.

verbose /vəˈbəʊs/ /vɚˈboʊs/ more verbose most verbose adj
verbeux prolixe
Containing or using more words than necessary; long-winded, wordy. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

verbosity /vəˈbɒsəti/ /vɚˈbɑsəti/ verbosities n
verbosité
(rhetoric) The excess use of words, especially using more than are needed for clarity or precision.

verdant /ˈvɝ.dənt/ more verdant most verdant adj
verdoyant vert
Green in colour.
luxuriant verdoyant
Abundant in verdure; lush with vegetation.

verdict /ˈvɜɹ.dɪt/ /ˈvɜː.dɪkt/ /ˈvɝ.dɪkt/ verdicts n
verdict
(legal) A decision on an issue of fact in a civil or criminal case or an inquest.

verdigris /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹis/ /ˈvɝ.də.ɡɹɪs/ verdigrises n
vert-de-gris
A blue-green patina or rust that forms on copper-containing metals.

verdure /ˈvɜːdjə/ /ˈvɜːd͡ʒə/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɚ/ verdures n
verdure
The greenness of lush or growing vegetation; also: the vegetation itself.
vigueur
(hence) A condition of health and vigour.

verge on v
friser
(transitive, idiomatic) To approach or come close to something; to border or be on the edge of something.

verifiable /vɛɹ.ɪˈfaɪ.ə.bəl/ /ˈvɛɹ.ɪ.faɪ.ə.bəl/ more verifiable most verifiable adj
vérifiable
Able to be verified or confirmed.

verification verifications n
vérification
(mathematics) The operation of testing the equation of a problem, to see whether it truly expresses the conditions of the problem.

verify /ˈvɛɹɪfaɪ/ v
vérifier
(transitive) To substantiate or prove the truth of something.
(transitive) To confirm or test the truth or accuracy of something.

verily /ˈvɛɹ.əl.i/ /ˈvɛɹ.ɪ.li/ adv
vraiment en vérité véritablement absolument indubitablement sans aucun doute
Truly; doubtlessly; honestly; in truth.
assurément certainement
confidently, certainly

verisimilitude /vɛɹɪsɪˈmɪlɪtjuːd/ verisimilitudes n
verisimilitude
The property of seeming true, of resembling reality; resemblance to reality.

veritably more veritably most veritably adv
véritablement
In a veritable manner; in a way that truly and accurately describes something.

verjuice /ˈvɝd͡ʒuːs/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒəs/ verjuices n
verjus
A very acidic juice made by pressing unripe grapes.

verlan /vɛə(ɹ)ˈlɑːn/ n
verlan
A type of backslang used in French, in which the order of the syllables or sounds of words is changed.

verlanize v
verlaniser
to transform a French word into verlan

vermicelli vermicellis n
vermicelle vermicelles
Long, slender pasta, similar to spaghetti, only thinner.

vermicide vermicides n
vermicide
Any substance used to kill worms, especially parasitic intestinal worms

vermicular more vermicular most vermicular adj
vermiculé vermiculée
Relating to, or having the form of, a worm.

vermiculate /vəˈmɪk.jəl.eɪt/ /vəˈmɪk.jəlˌeɪt/ /vəˈmɪk.jʊl.ət/ /vəˈmɪk.jʊlˌeɪt/ /vɚˈmɪk.jəlˌeɪt/ /vɚˈmɪk.jəlˌət/ /vɜː-/ more vermiculate most vermiculate adj
vermiculé vermiculée
Like a worm; resembling a worm.

vermiculated more vermiculated most vermiculated adj
vermiculé vermiculée
Decorated with lines like worm tracks.

vermiculation /-kjə-/ /vəmɪkjʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ /vɚˌmɪkjuˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ vermiculations n
vermiculure
A pattern of irregular wavy lines resembling worms or their casts or tracks, found on the plumage of birds, used to decorate artworks and buildings, etc. [from early 17th c.]

vermiculite vermiculites n
vermiculite
(mineral) A hydrated silicate mineral which expands on heating; it is used in insulation and as a medium for planting.

vermiform appendix vermiform appendices vermiform appendixes n
appendice appendice iléo-cæcal appendice vermiculaire
(anatomy) An organ consisting of a blind tube projecting from the caecum. Of disputed function (if any), it is known for sometimes causing inflammation (appendicitis) in humans.

vermilion /vəˈmɪl.jən/ /vɚˈmɪl.jən/ more vermilion most vermilion adj
vermillon
vermeil
Having a brilliant red colour.

vermilion /vəˈmɪl.jən/ /vɚˈmɪl.jən/ vermilions n
vermillon
A vivid red synthetic pigment made of mercury sulfide, cinnabar.

vermin /ˈvɜːmɪn/ /ˈvɝmɪn/ vermin vermins n
vermine
Any of various common types of small insects or animals which cause harm and annoyance. [from c. 1300]
An obnoxious or mean and offensive person. [from 1560s]

vermouth /vəˈmuːθ/ /vɚˈmuθ/ /ˈvɜːməθ/ vermouths n
vermouth
A dry, or sweet apéritif wine flavored with aromatic herbs, and often used in mixed drinks.

vernacular /vəˈnækjələ/ /vəˈnækjʊlə/ /vɚˈnækjəlɚ/ vernaculars n
langue nationale
The language of a people or a national language.
vernaculaire
Everyday speech or dialect, including colloquialisms, as opposed to standard, literary, liturgical, or scientific idiom.
dialecte idiome patois
Language unique to a particular group of people.
langue vulgaire
Indigenous spoken language, as distinct from a literary or liturgical language such as Ecclesiastical Latin.

vernal /ˈvɜːn(ə)l/ /ˈvɝnəl/ more vernal most vernal adj
printanier vernal
Pertaining to or occurring in spring. [from mid 16th c.]

vernal equinox vernal equinoxes n
équinoxe de printemps
(astronomy) The moment when the sun appears to cross the celestial equator while tilting towards the observer, taking place in March in the northern hemisphere and September in the southern hemisphere.

vernalization vernalizations n
vernalisation
(agrobiology) The treatment of seeds or bulbs by exposure to low temperatures so as to decrease the vegetative period or to cause the plant to flower or bear fruit more quickly.

vernalize v
vernaliser
To subject to vernalization

vernier caliper vernier calipers n
pied à coulisse
A type of sliding calipers for measuring the external or internal dimensions of objects, using the vernier scale for improved precision.

vernissage /vɛːnɪˈsɑːʒ/ /ˌvɛɹnəˈsɑʒ/ vernissages n
vernissage
A private viewing of an art exhibition before it opens to the public.

veronica /vəˈɹɒnɪkə/ veronicas n
véronique
(Roman Catholicism) The image of Jesus's face believed to have been made on the cloth with which St Veronica wiped his face as he went to be crucified; or the cloth used for this.
(bullfighting) A circular swinging movement of the cape, used to avoid the bull.
(botany) A flower of the genus Veronica, usually having blue petals.

verruca /vəˈɹuːkə/ /vɛˈɹuːkə/ verrucae verrucas n
verrue
(mycology) A rounded projection or wart.

versatile /ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪl/ /ˈvɝ.sə.təl/ /ˈvɝ.səˌtaɪl/ [ˈvɜː.səˌtaɪɫ] more versatile most versatile adj
polyvalent
Capable of doing many things competently.
versatile polyvalent
Having varied uses or many functions.
versatile
Changeable or inconstant.
versatile auto-reverse
(gay slang) Capable of taking either a penetrative (top) or receptive (bottom) role in anal sex.

versatility /ˌvəɹsəˈtɪlɪti/ versatilities n
polyvalence
The property of being versatile or having many different abilities; flexibility.

verse /ˈvɜːs/ /ˈvɝs/ verses n
vers
A poetic form with regular meter and a fixed rhyme scheme.
Poetic form in general.
couplet vers
One of several similar units of a song, consisting of several lines, generally rhymed.
verset vers
A small section of a holy book (Bible, Quran etc.)

versed /vɜːst/ /vɝst/ more versed most versed adj
versé
Knowledgeable or skilled, either through study or experience; familiar; practiced.

versification versifications n
versification
(poetry) The act, art, or practice of composing poetic verse; the construction or measure of verse or poetry; metrical composition.

version /ˈvɜːʃən/ /ˈvɜːʒən/ /ˈvɝʒən/ versions n
version
A specific form or variation of something.
A translation from one language to another.
An account or description from a particular point of view, especially as contrasted with another account.
(computing) A particular revision (of software, firmware, CPU, etc.).

version control n
gestion de versions
(software development) A system responsible for managing modifications and additions to digital works, giving each revision a time-stamp and showing its difference to the previous revision.

versioning versionings n
versionnage
(computing) The use of versions as a means of distinguishing similar items.

verso versos n
verso
The back side of a flat object which is to be examined visually, as for reading, such as a sheet, leaf, coin or medal;
(printing) The left-hand page of a book of a script which reads from left to right, usually having an even page number.

verst /vɜːst/ /vɝst/ versts n
verste
A Russian unit of length, equivalent to about 1.07 kilometres or about 2⁄3 of a mile.

versus /ˈvɜːsəs/ /ˈvɜːsɪz/ /ˈvɝs/ /ˈvɝsəs/ /ˈvɝsəz/ preposition
contre face à
Against; in opposition to.

vert /vɜːt/ /vɝt/ more vert most vert adj
sinople
(tincture) In blazon, of the colour green.

vert /vɜːt/ /vɝt/ verts n
sinople
(tincture) A green colour, now only in heraldry; represented in engraving by diagonal parallel lines 45 degrees counter-clockwise.

vertebra /ˈvɜː.tɪb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təb.ɹə/ /ˈvɝ.təˌbɹeɪ/ vertebrae vertebras vertebræ n
vertèbre
(skeleton) Any of the bony or cartilaginous segments which make up the backbone, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in higher vertebrates having a short more or less cylindrical body whose ends articulate by pads of elastic or cartilaginous tissue with those of adjacent vertebrae and a bony arch that encloses the spinal cord.

vertebral /vɚˈti.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜː.tɪ.bɹəl/ /ˈvɜ˞.tə.bɹəl/ adj
vertébral
(anatomy) Of or relating to a vertebra or the spine.

vertebral column vertebral columns n
colonne vertébrale
(skeleton) The series of vertebrae that protect the spinal cord; the spinal column.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ adj
vertébré
Having a backbone.

vertebrate /ˈvɛɹ.tɪ.bɹeɪt/ vertebrates n
vertébré
An animal having a backbone.

vertex /ˈvɜː.tɛks/ /ˈvɝˌtɛks/ vertexes vertices n
sommet
(anatomy) The highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head.
The highest point, top or apex of something.
(geometry) An angular point of a polygon, polyhedron or higher order polytope.
(graph theory) One of the elements of a graph joined or not by edges to other vertices.
(computer graphics) A point in 3D space, usually given in terms of its Cartesian coordinates.

vertical /ˈvɜː.tɪ.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.ɾə.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.ɾɪ.kəl/ more vertical most vertical adj
vertical
Standing, pointing, or moving straight up or down; parallel to the local direction of gravity; along the direction of a plumb line; perpendicular to something horizontal.

vertical video vertical videos n
vidéo verticale
A video created for viewing in portrait mode, with an image that is taller than it is wide.

vertically /ˈvɜː.tɪ.k(ə)li/ /ˈvɝ.tɪ.k(ə)li/ more vertically most vertically adv
verticalement
In a vertical direction or position.

vertiginous /vɜː(ɹ)ˈtɪd͡ʒɪnəs/ more vertiginous most vertiginous adj
vertigineux

vertigo /ˈvɜːtɪɡəʊ/ /ˈvɝtɪɡoʊ/ vertigoes vertigos n
vertige labyrinthite
A sensation of whirling and loss of balance, caused by looking down from a great height or by disease affecting the inner ear.

vervain /ˈvɚveɪn/ /ˈvɜːveɪn/ vervains n
verveine
Any herbaceous plant in the genus Verbena especially if used for medicinal purposes, primarily Verbena officinalis, common in Europe and formerly held to have medicinal properties.

verve /vɜːv/ /vɝv/ n
verve
Enthusiasm, rapture, spirit, or vigour, especially of imagination such as that which animates an artist, musician, or writer, in composing or performing.

vervelle /vɜɹˈvɛl/ vervelles n
vervelle

very /ˈvɛɹi/ verier veriest adj
même
The same; identical.

very /ˈvɛɹi/ adv
très vraiment
To a great extent or degree.
vraiment
Conforming to fact, reality or rule; true.

very much adv
beaucoup
Extremely. (Used to modify a verb. To modify an adjective or an adverb, very is used.)

vesica /ˈviːsɪkə/ /ˈvɛsɪkə/ vesicae n
vessie
(anatomy) A bladder, especially the urinary bladder or the gall bladder.

vesicular more vesicular most vesicular adj
vésiculaire

vesper sparrow vesper sparrows n
bruant vespéral
Pooecetes gramineus, a medium-sized American sparrow.

vespers /ˈvɛsˌpɝz/ n
vêpres
(Christianity, plural only) The sixth of the seven canonical hours, an evening prayer service

vespiary vespiaries n
guêpier
A nest built by a social wasp species.
A colony of wasps living in such a nest.

vespiform adj
vespiforme

vessel /ˈvɛs.l̩/ /ˈvɛs.əl/ vessels n
vaisseau
A craft designed for transportation through air or space. [From 1915]
(biology) A tube or canal that carries fluid in an animal or plant. [From 1398]
vaisseau vase recipient
A person as a container of qualities or feelings. [From 1382]

vest /vɛst/ vests n
tricot de corps
gilet
(North America) A sleeveless garment that buttons down the front, worn over a shirt, and often as part of a suit; a waistcoat.

vestibular /vɛˈstɪb.jəl.ɚ/ /vɛˈstɪb.jʊl.ə/ adj
vestibulaire
(anatomy) Of, pertaining to, or functioning as a vestibule (body cavity).

vestibule /ˈvɛ.stəˌbjul/ /ˈvɛ.stɪ.bjuːl/ vestibules n
vestibule
(architecture) A small entrance hall, antechamber, passage, or room between the outer door and the main hall, lobby, or interior of a building. [from the 17th c.]

vestige /ˈvɛs.tɪd͡ʒ/ vestiges n
vestige

vestigial /vɛˈstɪd͡ʒəl/ /vɛˈstɪd͡ʒɪəl/ adj
vestigial
Of or pertaining to a vestige or remnant; like a trace from the past.

vestry /ˈvɛstɹi/ vestries n
sacristie
A room in a church where the clergy put on their vestments and where these are stored; also used for meetings and classes; a sacristy.

vet /vɛt/ vets n
véto
(colloquial) A veterinarian or veterinary surgeon.
vétéran
(colloquial, US) A veteran (a former soldier or other member of armed forces).

vet /vɛt/ v
contrôler examiner vérifier
To thoroughly check or investigate particularly with regard to providing formal approval.

vetch /vɛt͡ʃ/ vetches n
vesce
Any of several leguminous plants, of the genus Vicia, often grown as green manure and for their edible seeds.

veteran /ˈvɛ.tə.ɹən/ /ˈvɛ.tɹən/ [ˈvɛ.t̬ə.ɹən] [ˈvɛ.ɾə.ɹən] veterans n
vétéran
A person with long experience of a particular activity.
vétéran ancien combattant ancien soldat
A person who has served in the armed forces, especially an old soldier who has seen long service; also called a war veteran to distinguish from veterans who weren't in armed conflict.

veterinarian /ˌvɛt(ə)ɹə.ˈnɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛtʃ.ɹɪn.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ /ˌvɛʔ.n̩.ˈɛɹ.i.ən/ veterinarians n
vétérinaire véto
(now, US) A medical doctor who treats animals.

veterinary medicine n
médecine vétérinaire
The branch of medicine that deals with the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases and injuries of animals, especially domestic and farm animals.

vetero-testamentary /ˌvɛtəɹoʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌvɛtəɹəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntəɹi/ /ˌvɛtɹəʊˌtɛstəˈmɛntɹi/ [ˌvɛɾəɹoʊˌtɛstəˈmɛnɾəɹi] adj
vétérotestamentaire paléotestamentaire
Of or pertaining to the Old Testament of the Bible. [from mid 20th c.]

vetiver /ˈvɛtəvɚ/ /ˈvɛtɪvə/ /ˈvɛtɪvɚ/ vetivers n
vétiver
The aromatic root of the grass.

veto /ˈviːtoʊ/ /ˈviːtəʊ/ [ˈviːtʰoʊ] [ˈviːɾoʊ] vetoes vetos n
veto
A political right to disapprove of (and thereby stop) the process of a decision, a law etc.
An invocation of that right.

vetocracy vetocracies n
vétrocratie

vetting vettings n
investigation vérification
A checking or investigation.

vex /vɛks/ v
tourmenter ennuyer vexer énerver
(transitive) To cause (mental) suffering to; to distress.
vexer
(transitive, now, _, rare) To trouble aggressively, to harass.

vexation /vɛkˈseɪʃən/ vexations n
tracas tracasserie
The act of annoying, vexing, or irritating.
contrariété
The state of being vexed or irritated.

vexed /ˈvɛkst/ more vexed most vexed adj
contrarié ennuyé fâché
annoyed, irritated or distressed
controversé épineux
much debated, discussed or disputed

vexillologic adj
vexillologique
Of or pertaining to vexillology.

vexillologist /vɛksɪˈlɒləd͡ʒɪst/ vexillologists n
vexillologue
One who studies flags.

vexillology /ˌvɛk.səˈlɑl.ə.d͡ʒi/ /ˌvɛk.sɪˈlɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/ n
vexillologie
The study of flags.

vfib n
FIBV FV FibV
(medicine)

via /ˈvaɪə/ /ˈviː.ə/ preposition
via par
By way of; passing through.
By (means of); using.

via ferrata /ˌviːə fəˈɹɑːtə/ via ferratas vie ferrate n
via ferrata
(climbing) A protected climbing route, usually with iron cables and hooks.

viability /ˌvaɪəˈbɪlɪti/ viabilities n
viabilité
The property of being viable; the ability to live or to succeed

viable /ˈvaɪəbəl/ more viable most viable adj
viable
Able to live on its own (as for a newborn).
Able to be done, possible, practicable, feasible.

viaduct /ˈvaɪəˌdʌkt/ viaducts n
viaduc
(transport) A bridge with several spans that carries road or rail traffic over a valley or other obstacles.

vial /ˈvaɪl/ /ˈvaɪəl/ vials n
fiole
A glass vessel or bottle, especially a small tube-shaped bottle used to store medicine, perfume or other chemicals.

viaticum /vʌɪˈatɪkəm/ viatica viaticums n
viatique
(especially, Catholicism) The Eucharist, when given to a person who is dying or one in danger of death.
(often, figurative) Provisions, money, or other supplies given to someone setting off on a long journey.

vibe /vaɪb/ vibes n
aura vibe
(informal, originally, New Age jargon, often, in the plural) An atmosphere or aura felt to belong to a person, place or thing. [c. 1960s]

vibraculum vibracula n
vibraculaire

vibraphone /ˈvɑɪ.bɹə.ˌfəʊn/ vibraphones n
vibraphone
A percussion instrument with a double row of tuned metal bars, each above a tubular resonator containing a motor-driven rotating vane, giving a vibrato effect.

vibrate /vaɪˈbɹeɪt/ /ˈvaɪ.bɹeɪt/ v
vibrer
(intransitive) To shake with small, rapid movements to and fro.

vibrate mode vibrate modes n
mode vibreur

vibration /vaɪˈbɹeɪʃən/ vibrations n
vibration
The act of vibrating or the condition of being vibrated.

vibrato /vɪˈbɹɑːtoʊ/ vibratos n
vibrato
(music) The musical effect or technique where the pitch or frequency of a note or sound is quickly and repeatedly raised and lowered over a small distance for the duration of that note or sound.

vibrator /vaɪˈbɹeɪtə/ /ˈvaɪbɹeɪtɚ/ [ˈvaɪ̯bɹeɪ̯ɾɚ] vibrators n
vibreur
(historical) A device designed to electromechanically interrupt current flowing to the step-up transformer which was used to generate the high tension positive supply in old battery-operated (automotive) valve radios.
vibreur vibrateur
A device that vibrates or causes vibration.
vibromasseur vibrateur
A vibrating device used for massage or sexual stimulation.

vibratory more vibratory most vibratory adj
balourdé vibratoire
Causing or exhibiting vibrations.

viburnum viburna n
viorne
Any of many shrubs and trees, of the genus Viburnum, native to the Northern Hemisphere that have showy clusters of flowers.

vicar /ˈvɪkɚ/ vicars n
curé
In the Church of England, the priest of a parish, receiving a salary or stipend but not tithes.
vicaire
In the Roman Catholic and some other churches, a cleric acting as local representative of a higher ranking member of the clergy.

vicarage vicarages n
vicariat
(countable) The residence of a vicar.
The benefice, duties or office of a vicar.

vicariate /vaɪˈkɛəɹi.ət/ vicariates n
vicairie vicariat
(Christianity) The office, authority, or district of a vicar.
The office, authority, or district held by a person as deputy for a bishop, or similar ecclesiastical authority.

vicarious /vaɪˈkɛɹi.əs/ /vəˈkɛɹi.əs/ /vɪˈkɛəɹi.əs/ adj
par procuration
Delegated.
On behalf of others.
indirect par procuration
Experienced or gained by taking in another person’s experience rather than through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading.

vicarious liability n
responsabilité du fait d'autrui
(law) The legal responsibility of the superior for the acts of their subordinate.

vice /vaɪs/ vices n
vice
Bad or immoral behaviour.
affaire de mœurs
(legal) Any of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to weapons, prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, tobacco, or drugs.

vice admiral vice admirals n
vice-amiral
(nautical) A person holding a naval rank between rear admiral and full admiral.

vice president vice presidents n
vice-président vice-présidente
A deputy to a president, often empowered to assume the position of president on their death or absence.

vice squad vice squads n
brigade de répression du proxénétisme brigade des mœurs brigade mondaine police des braguettes police des mœurs
(police, criminology) A police section specialized in vice crimes.

vice versa /vaɪs-/ /ˈvaɪsi ˈvɝsə/ /ˈvaɪsə-/ /ˈvaɪsɪ ˈvɜːsə/ adv
vice versa
(generally after or) The same but with the two items mentioned reversed.

vice- prefix
vice-
Taking the place or rank of (another person); deputy.

vice-chancellor vice-chancellors n
vice-chancelier
(education) An official holding a rank immediately below that of chancellor.

vice-presidency vice-presidencies n
vice-présidence
The office or role of vice-president.
The time during which one is vice-president; a vice-president's term of office.

vicenarian /vɪsəˈnɛɹi.ən/ vicenarians n
vingtenaire
A person whose age is between twenty and twenty-nine years, inclusive; someone in their twenties.

vicennalia vicennalia vicennalias n
vicennales

viceregal /vaɪsˈɹiːɡəl/ adj
vice-royal
Of, or pertaining to, a viceroy or viceroyalty.

vicereine /vʌɪsɹeɪn/ /ˈvʌɪsɹɛn/ vicereines n
vice-reine
The wife of a viceroy. [from 19th c.]
A woman who is a viceroy.

viceroy /ˈvaɪsˌɹɔɪ/ viceroys n
vice-roi
One who governs a country, province, or colony as the representative of a monarch.

vicinal /ˈvɪsɪnəl/ adj
vicinal
Of or pertaining to a neighborhood; neighboring.

vicinity /vəˈsɪnəti/ vicinities n
voisinage
proximity; the state of being near.
environs vicinité
neighbourhood; nearby region; surrounding area.

vicious /ˈvɪʃəs/ more vicious most vicious viciouser viciousest adj
vicieux
(archaic) Pertaining to vice; characterised by immorality or depravity.

vicious circle vicious circles n
cercle vicieux
A situation in which the response to one problem creates a chain of problems, each making it more difficult to solve the original one.

vicissitude [vaɪˈsɪs.ɪˌtuːd] [vɪˈsɪs.ɪˌt(j)uːd] vicissitudes n
vicissitude
Regular change or succession from one thing to another, or one part of a cycle to the next; alternation; mutual succession; interchange.
(often, in the plural) A change, especially in one's life or fortunes.

victim /ˈvɪktəm/ /ˈvɪktɪm/ victims n
victime
One who is harmed or killed as a result of a natural or man-made disaster or impersonal condition.
One who is harmed or killed as a result of other people's biases, emotions or incompetence, or their own.
One who is harmed or killed by a crime or scam.
One who is harmed or killed by an accident or illness.
A living being which is slain and offered as a sacrifice, usually in a religious rite.
(by extension, Christianity) The transfigured body and blood of Christ in the Eucharist.

victim of one's own success n
être victime de son succès

victim-blaming n
victim blaming

victimism n
victimisme
A tendency to play the victim; the adoption of a victimized persona.

victimist victimists n
victimiste
One who plays the victim; one who inclines to victimism

victimization victimizations n
victimation victimisation
An act that victimizes or exploits someone.

victimize /ˈvɪktɪmaɪz/ v
victimer victimiser
To make someone a victim or sacrifice.

victimology /ˌvɪktɪˈmɒləd͡ʒi/ victimologies n
victimologie
The study of the victims of crime, and especially of the reasons why some people are more prone to be victims.

victorious /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/ more victorious most victorious adj
victorieux vainqueur
Being the winner in a contest, struggle, war, etc.

victoriously more victoriously most victoriously adv
victorieusement
in a victorious manner; as part of a victory

victory /ˈvɪktəɹi/ /ˈvɪktɹi/ victories n
victoire
(uncountable) The condition or state of having won a battle or competition, or having succeeded in an effort; (countable) an instance of this.

victory lap /ˈvɪkt(ə)ɹi læp/ victory laps n
tour d'honneur
(sports) A celebratory extra lap of the race track taken after the conclusion of a race.

victual /ˈvɪtəl/ [-ɾ(ə)ɫ] [ˈvɪtɫ̩] victuals n
victuaille victuailles vivres
(archaic, chiefly, in the plural) Food supplies; provisions.

vicuna /vɪˈkuːnjə/ vicunas n
vigogne
A South American mammal, Vicugna vicugna, closely related to the alpaca, llama, and guanaco.

video /ˈvɪd.i.oʊ/ /ˈvɪd.i.əʊ/ videmus videos n
vidéo
Television, television show, movie.
Motion picture stored on VHS or some other format.
vidéo cassette vidéo vidéocassette
(dated) VHS.

video call video calls n
appel vidéo
A kind of telephone call accompanied by video imagery.

video camera video cameras n
caméra
A device for recording video footage, often a portable one used by amateurs; also as a fixed installation for surveillance purposes.

video card video cards n
carte graphique carte vidéo adaptateur graphique
(computing) A piece of hardware installed into a personal computer to allow it to send video signals to an external output device such as a monitor or projector.

video conference /- ˌkɒnfɹəns/ /ˈvɪdiəʊ ˌkɒnfəɹəns/ video conferences n
visioconférence
(telecommunications) A conference held by video link; an arranged video phone call between more than two parties.

video game /ˈvɪdioʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ /ˈvɪdiːəʊ̯ˌɡeɪm/ video games n
jeu vidéo
A type of game, existing as and controlled by software, usually run by a video game console or a computer, played on a monitor or television screen, and controlled by a joypad, joystick, keyboard, mouse, or paddle. [from 1973]

video game console video game consoles n
console de jeux vidéo console de jeux
(video games) A dedicated electronic device that is designed to play video games, especially in accompaniment with a television.

video jockey video jockeys n
vidéo jockey
A person who selects, or plays music videos either on television or at a disco.

video journalist video journalists n
journaliste reporter d'images
A journalist who handles all aspects of production on their own, acting as reporter, cameraman and editor.

video projector video projectors n
vidéoprojecteur
A device that takes a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system.

video surveillance video surveillances n
vidéosurveillance
Surveillance of a public or private space carried out by means of a video camera system.

video- prefix
video-
moving images, especially television

videocassette videocassettes n
vidéocassette
A cassette containing a blank or prerecorded videotape on which visual images and sounds are recorded for use with a VCR.

videocassette recorder videocassette recorders n
magnétoscope
An electronic device for recording and playing back television programs and movies (featuring visual images and sound) on a videocassette that can be attached to a television set.

videodisc videodiscs n
vidéodisque
A video recording of visual images and sounds on an optical disc that can be played on a television receiver.

videogram videograms n
vidéogramme
A physical object containing an audiovisual work, such as a videotape or DVD.
The audiovisual work itself, such as the content of a videotape or a DVD, often intended to cover such works regardless of the storage medium.

videographer videographers n
vidéaste
Any person involved in the production of video material, but especially a person who uses a video camera.

videophone videophones n
visiophone
(dated) A cellphone with such capability. Used to distinguish from stills-only camera cellphones and camera-less cellphones.
A telephone capable of transmitting both audio and video signals in both directions.

videotape videotapes n
bande vidéo vidéocassette
A relatively wide magnetic tape used for recording visual images and sounds (as of a television production) for subsequent playback or broadcasting.

vie /vaɪ/ v
concourir rivaliser être en compétition pour
(intransitive) To fight for superiority; to contend; to compete eagerly so as to gain something.

vielle /viˈɛl/ vielles n
vièle vielle
(musical instruments) A medieval stringed instrument similar to a violin.

vieux riche /vjø ʁiʃ/ vieux riches n
vieux riche
(pejorative) Old money; wealthy persons whose fortunes are inherited, and who are therefore perceived to have refinement and good breeding.

view /vjuː/ /vɪu̯/ views n
visionnement vue
(Internet) An individual viewing of a web page or a video etc. by a user.
vue
Something to look at, such as scenery.
The act of seeing or looking at something.
The range of vision.
(computing, databases) A virtual or logical table composed of the result set of a query in relational databases.
(computing, programming) The part of a computer program which is visible to the user and can be interacted with
opinion point de vue
A point of view.
regard
A way of understanding something, an opinion, a theory.
vision
A mental image.

view /vjuː/ /vɪu̯/ v
considérer regarder
(transitive) To look at.

viewer viewers n
spectateur spectatrice
Someone who views a spectacle; an onlooker or spectator.
téléspectateur téléspectatrice
Someone who watches television.
visionneur visionneuse
Any optical device used to view photographic slides.
(computing) A program that displays the contents of a file.

viewership viewerships n
audience
collectively, the viewers of a television program or other video broadcast

viewfinder viewfinders n
viseur
A device on a camera that shows what will appear in the field of view of the lens; it helps the user target a subject, zoom and focus the image.

vigesimal /-sə-/ /vaɪ-/ /vɪˈd͡ʒɛsɪm(ə)l/ adj
vicésimal vigésimal
(arithmetic) To the base twenty. [from mid-17th c.]

vigil /ˈvɪd͡ʒəl/ vigils n
veille
An instance of keeping awake during normal sleeping hours, especially to keep watch or pray.
veillée
A quiet demonstration in support of a cause.

vigilance /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪləns/ /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlɪns/ vigilances n
vigilance
Alert watchfulness.
Close and continuous attention.

vigilant /ˈvɪd͡ʒɪlənt/ more vigilant most vigilant adj
vigilant
Watchful, especially for danger or disorder; alert; wary

vigilante /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.əˈlæn.ti/ /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.ɪˈlæn.ti/ /ˌvɪd͡ʒ.ɪˈlɑːn.teɪ/ vigilantes n
justicier
A person who acts outside of legal authority, often violently, to punish or avenge a crime, right a perceived wrong, etc.

vigilantly more vigilantly most vigilantly adv
vigilamment
In a vigilant manner.

vignette /vɪnˈjɛt/ vignettes n
vignette
(printing) A decorative design, originally representing vine branches or tendrils, at the head of a chapter, of a manuscript or printed book, or in a similar position.
(by extension) Any small borderless picture in a book, especially an engraving, photograph, or the like, which vanishes gradually at the edge.
(computer graphics) A hardware deficiency (even occurring in most expensive models) of a computer display wherein the picture slants towards a colour or brightness towards the edges especially if viewed from an angle.
(automotive) A small sticker affixed to a vehicle windscreen to indicate that tolls have been paid.

vigorously /ˈvɪɡəɹəsli/ more vigorously most vigorously adv
vigoureusement
With intense energy, force or vigor

vigour /ˈvɪɡə/ /ˈvɪɡɚ/ vigours n
force vigueur
Active strength or force of body or mind; capacity for exertion, physically, intellectually, or morally; energy.
vigueur
(biology) Strength or force in animal or vegetable nature or action.
force vigueur énergie
Strength; efficacy; potency.

vilayet vilayets n
vilayet
(politics) A province, particularly (historical) the first-level administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire.

vile /vaɪ(ə)l/ more vile most vile viler vilest adj
vil
Morally low; base; despicable.

vilify /ˈvɪl.ɪ.faɪ/ v
diffamer vilipender
(transitive) To say defamatory things about someone or something; to speak ill of.
dénigrer vilipender
(transitive) To belittle through speech; to put down.

vilipend /ˈvɪləˌpɛnd/ /ˈvɪlɪpɛnd/ v
mépriser vilipender
(transitive, dated, formal) To treat (something) as inconsequential or worthless; to despise, to look down on.
dénigrer
(transitive, dated, formal) To express a disparaging opinion of; to slander or vilify.

villa /ˈvɪlə/ villae villas n
villa
(plural "villas") A house, often larger and more expensive than average, in the countryside or on the coast, often used as a retreat.

village /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒ/ villages n
village
A rural habitation of size between a hamlet and a town.

village idiot village idiots n
idiot du village
A person widely known in their community for their stupidity and ignorant behaviour.

villager /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒə/ /ˈvɪlɪd͡ʒɚ/ villagers n
villageois villageoise
A person who lives in, or comes from, a village.

villagization villagizations n
villagisation

villain /ˈvɪl.jən/ /ˈvɪl.ən/ villainess villains n
scélérat
A deliberate scoundrel.
méchant vilain paysan
In fiction, a character who has the role of being bad, especially antagonizing the hero; an antagonist who is also evil or malevolent.

villainess villainesses n
méchante
A female villain.

villainous /ˈvɪlənəs/ more villainous most villainous adj
crapuleux scélérat
Of, relating to, or appropriate to a villain.

villous more villous most villous adj
velu
(biology) Covered with villi.

vimentin /vaɪˈmɛn.tɪn/ /vɪˈmɛn.tɪn/ vimentins n
vimentine
(protein) Any of a group of polypeptides that polymerize to form filaments in the cytoskeleton.

vinaigrette /vɪnəˈɡɹɛt/ vinaigrettes n
vinaigrette
A sauce, made of an acidic liquid such as vinegar or lemon juice; oil; and other ingredients, used as a salad dressing, or as a marinade for cold meats.
(obsolete) A small, two-wheeled vehicle, like a Bath chair, to be drawn or pushed by a person.

vinasse /vɪˈnæs/ vinasses n
vinasse

vincible adj
vincible
Capable of being defeated or overcome; assailable or vulnerable.

vindicate /ˈvɪn.dɪˌkeɪt/ v
blanchir
(transitive) To clear of an accusation, suspicion or criticism.
faire valoir
(transitive) To justify by providing evidence.
défendre affirmer revendiquer
(transitive) To maintain or defend (a cause) against opposition.
justifier revendiquer réclamer
(transitive) To lay claim to; to assert a right to; to claim.

vindication /vɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/ vindications n
justification
The act of vindicating or the state of being vindicated.

vindictive /vɪnˈdɪk.tɪv/ more vindictive most vindictive adj
vindicatif rancuneux
Having a tendency to seek revenge when wronged, vengeful.

vindictiveness vindictivenesses n
revanchisme
A malevolent desire for revenge.

vine /vaɪn/ vines n
grimpante
(by extension) Any similar climbing or trailing plant.

vinegar /ˈvɪnəɡə/ /ˈvɪnəɡɚ/ vinegars n
vinaigre
(uncountable) A sour liquid formed by the fermentation of alcohol used as a condiment or preservative; a dilute solution of acetic acid.

vineyard /ˈvɪn.jəd/ /ˈvɪn.jɚd/ /ˈvɪnˌjɑːd/ vineyards n
vignoble vigne
A grape plantation, especially one used in the production of wine.

viniculture vinicultures n
viniculture
The cultivation of grapes, especially those used to produce wine.

vinify /ˈvɪnɪfaɪ/ v
vinifier
To convert the juice of a fruit (especially that of the grape) into wine by fermentation.

vinous /ˈvaɪnəs/ more vinous most vinous adj
vineux
Pertaining to or having the characteristics of wine.

vinpocetine n
vinpocétine

vintage /ˈvɪn.tɪd͡ʒ/ vintages n
vendange
The yield of grapes or wine from a vineyard or district during one season.
The harvesting of a grape crop and the initial pressing of juice for winemaking.
cru récolte
The year or place in which something is produced.

vintager vintagers n
vendangeur
One who gathers the vintage, i.e. a grape harvester.

vintner /ˈvɪntnə/ /ˈvɪntnɚ/ vintners n
négociant en vins
A seller of wine.
vigneron vinificateur
A manufacturer of wine.

vinyl /ˈvaɪ.nl̩/ /ˈvaɪ.nəl/ /ˈvaɪ.nɪl/ vinyls n
vinyle
(chemistry, uncountable) The univalent radical CH2=CH−, derived from ethylene.
(countable) Any of various compounds and substances containing the vinyl radical, especially various tough, flexible, shiny plastics.
disque vinyle vinyle
(music, countable) A phonograph record.

viol /ˈvaɪ.əl/ viols n
viole de gambe
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument related to the violin family, but held in the lap between the legs like a cello, usually with C-holes, a flat back, a fretted neck and six strings, played with an underhanded bow hold

viola /viˈoʊ.lə/ /viˈəʊ.lə/ violas viole n
alto violon alto
A stringed instrument of the violin family, somewhat larger than a violin, played under the chin, and having a deeper tone.

viola d'amore viola d'amores viole d'amore n
viole d'amour

violaceous euphonia violaceous euphonias n
organiste téité
Euphonia violacea, a finch of South America

violate /ˈvaɪəˌleɪt/ v
violer transgresser
(transitive) To break or disregard (a rule or convention).
violer
(transitive, euphemistic) To rape.

violated /ˈvaɪəˌleɪtɪd/ more violated most violated adj
violé
(of a rule or law) Having been broken or ignored, especially in a flagrant manner.
(by extension) Abused, harmed or sexually victimized.

violation /ˌvaɪ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/ violations n
infraction
The act or an instance of violating or the condition of being violated.

violence /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləns/ /ˈvaɪ(ə)ˌlɛns/ violences n
violence
Extreme force.
Physical action which causes destruction, harm, pain, or suffering.
Widespread fighting.

violent /ˈvaɪ.lənt/ /ˈvaɪ.ə.lənt/ more violent most violent violenter violentest adj
violent
Involving extreme force or motion.
Involving physical conflict.
Likely to use physical force.
vif
Intensely vivid.

violently /ˈvaɪ(ə)ləntli/ more violently most violently adv
violemment
In a violent manner.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violeter violetest adj
violet violette
Of a violet colour.

violet /ˈvaɪlət/ /ˈvaɪələt/ violets n
violette violet
A plant or flower of the genus Viola, especially the fragrant Viola odorata; (inexact) similar-looking plants and flowers.
violet violette
The colour of most violets; the colour evoked by the shortest visible wavelengths between 380 and 435 nm, an additive tertiary colour.

violet carpenter bee violet carpenter bees n
abeille perce-bois bourdon noir xylocope violacé xylocope violet
A species (Xylocopa violacea) of the carpenter bee that is most common in Europe.

violin /ˌvaɪ.oʊˈlin/ /ˌvaɪəˈlɪn/ [ˌwaʊˈlin] violins n
violon crincrin
A small unfretted stringed instrument with four strings tuned (lowest to highest) G-D-A-E, usually held against the chin and played with a bow.

violin maker violin makers n
luthier luthière
(lutherie) A person who makes violins, and usually other bowed stringed instruments such as violas, cellos and double basses.

violinist violinists n
violoniste
A person who plays the violin.

violist /viˈoʊ.lɪst/ /viˈəʊ.lɪst/ violists n
violiste altiste
A person who plays the viola.

vipassana n
vipassana
(Buddhism) Insight into the true nature of reality, namely as the three marks of existence: impermanence, suffering or unsatisfactoriness, and the realisation of nonself.

viper /ˈvaɪpɚ/ vipers n
vipère
A venomous snake in the family Viperidae.

viperfish viperfish viperfishes n
poisson-vipère

viperid viperids n
vipéridé

viperine more viperine most viperine adj
vipérin

virago /vɪˈɹɑːɡəʊ/ viragoes viragos n
virago
A woman who is rough, loud, and aggressive.

viral load viral loads n
charge virale
(pathology) A measure of the severity of a viral infection based on the amount of virus in a bodily fluid.

virality viralities n
viralité
(advertising, marketing) The state or condition of being viral; tendency to spread by word of mouth.

vireo vireoes vireos n
viréo
Any of a number of small insectivorous passerine birds, of the genus Vireo, that have grey-green plumage.

virgin /ˈvɜːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɪn/ more virgin most virgin adj
vierge
(usually, not comparable) In a state of virginity; chaste, not having had sexual intercourse.
Of a physical object, untouched.
Not yet cultivated, explored, or exploited by humans or humans of certain civilizations.
Of olive oil, obtained by mechanical means, so that the oil is not altered.

virgin /ˈvɜːd͡ʒɪn/ /ˈvɝd͡ʒɪn/ virgins n
vierge pucelle puceau
person who has not had sexual intercourse, animal that has never mated

virgin forest virgin forests n
forêt vierge
A forest being more or less free from human ecological disturbance.

virginal /ˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪnəl/ more virginal most virginal adj
virginal
Being or resembling a virgin.

virginal /ˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒɪnəl/ virginal virginals n
virginal
(musical instruments) A musical instrument in the harpsichord family.

virginity /və(ɹ)ˈd͡ʒɪnɪti/ virginities n
virginité
The state or characteristic of being a virgin.

virial theorem n
théorème du viriel
(physics) A theorem in mechanics showing the relationship between the kinetic energy of a system to the virial of Clausius.

virialization virializations n
virialisation

viricide viricides n
virucide
(medicine) Any substance that destroys or inactivates viruses.

virile /ˈvɪɹ.əl/ /ˈvɪɹˌaɪl/ more virile most virile adj
viril
Manly; having characteristics associated with being male, such as strength; exhibiting masculine traits to an exaggerated degree such as strength, forcefulness or vigor.

virility /vəˈɹɪlɪti/ virilities n
virilité
The state of being virile.

virion /ˈvaɪɹiɑn/ /ˈvaɪɹiən/ /ˈvɪɹiɑn/ /ˈvɪɹiɒn/ virions n
virion
(virology) A single individual particle of a virus (the viral equivalent of a cell).

viroid viroids n
viroïde
Any of certain defective viruses, such as hepatitis D, a human pathogen.

virological adj
virologique
Of or pertaining to virology

virologist virologists n
virologue virologiste
(virology) A scientist or doctor who studies or specializes in viruses.

virology /vaɪˈɹɒləd͡ʒi/ virologies n
virologie
The branch of microbiology that deals with the study of viruses and viral diseases.

virtual /ˈvɜɹt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃ(ʊ)l/ /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃuəl/ /ˈvɵːt͡ʃəl/ [ˈvɵːt͡ʃɯ(l)] adj
virtuel
In effect or essence, rather than in fact or reality; also, imitated, simulated.
Simulated in a computer and/or online.
(object-oriented programming) Of a class member: capable of being overridden with a different implementation in a subclass.
pratiquement
For practical purposes, though not technically; almost complete, very near.

virtual method virtual methods n
fonction virtuelle méthode virtuelle
(object-oriented) A method whose behavior can be overridden within an inheriting class by a method with the same signature.

virtual particle virtual particles n
particule virtuelle
(physics) a particle that exists for a limited time and space, introducing uncertainty in their energy and momentum

virtual private network virtual private networks n
réseau privé virtuel
(computing) A network set up for use by a limited number of individuals, such as employees of a company, operating over a large area. The network typically uses encryption to keep information secure.

virtual reality virtual realities n
réalité virtuelle
A computer technology that simulates a real or imagined environment so that the user can interact with it as if physically present.

virtually /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəli/ [ˈvɝt͡ʃuəɫi] more virtually most virtually adv
pour ainsi dire pratiquement quasiment
Almost but not quite.
virtuellement
In essence or functionally, but not in fact, formally, or technically.

virtue /-tjuː/ /ˈvɜː.t͡ʃuː/ /ˈvɝ.t͡ʃu/ virtues n
vertu
A particular manifestation of moral excellence in a person; an admirable quality. [from 13th c.]
An inherently advantageous or excellent quality of something or someone; a favourable point, an advantage. [from 14th c.]
(Christianity) A creature embodying divine power, specifically one of the orders of heavenly beings, traditionally ranked above angels and archangels, and below seraphim and cherubim. [from 14th c.]

virtue signalling /ˈvɜɹtʃu sɪɡnəlɪŋ/ [ˈvɜ˞tʃ-] n
[[bien-pensance]] ostentatoire pharisaïsme tartufferie vertu de façade vertu ostentatoire
(derogatory, chiefly, in the context of political and social justice issues) The practice of expressing a particular opinion or performing a particular action in an attempt to make oneself look virtuous: commonly defensively in response to, or anticipation of, criticism; or aggressively, in assuming a moral posture in attacking an opponent.

virtuosity /ˌvɜː(ɹ)tjuˈɒsɪti/ virtuosities n
virtuosité
The technical skills and fluent style of a virtuoso.

virtuoso /ˌvɜ.tʃuˈəʊ.səʊ/ /ˌvɝ.t͡ʃuˈoʊ.soʊ/ virtuosi virtuosos n
virtuose
Specifically, a musician (or other performer) with masterly ability, technique, or personal style. [from 18th c.]

virtuous /ˈvɜːt͡ʃʊəs/ /ˈvɝt͡ʃuəs/ more virtuous most virtuous adj
vertueux
Full of virtue; having excellent moral character.

virtuous circle /ˈvɜː.t͡ʃʊ.əs ˈsɜː.kəl/ /ˈvɝ.t͡ʃu.əs ˈsɝ.kəl/ virtuous circles n
cercle vertueux
A situation in which the solution to one problem makes each future problem easier to solve than the original one.

virtuously more virtuously most virtuously adv
vertueusement
In a virtuous manner.

virulence /ˈvɪɹjələns/ /ˈvɪɹələns/ virulences n
virulence
The state of being virulent.

virulent /-ɹ(j)ə-/ /ˈvɪɹ(j)ələnt/ /ˈvɪɹ(j)ʊl(ə)nt/ more virulent most virulent adj
virulent
(figurative) Extremely hostile or malicious; intensely acrimonious.
(medicine) Of a disease or disease-causing agent: malignant, able to cause damage to the host.

virus /ˈvaɪɹəs/ vira viri virii viruses virusses n
virus
A submicroscopic, non-cellular structure consisting of a core of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat, that requires a living host cell to replicate, and often causes disease in the host organism; such agents are often classed as nonliving infectious particles and less often as microorganisms.
(uncountable) A quantity of such infectious agents
(informal, metonymically) A disease caused by such an infectious agent; a viral illness.
virus informatique virus
(computing) A type of malware which can covertly transmit itself between computers via networks (especially the Internet) or removable storage such as disks, often causing damage to systems and data; also computer virus.

vis-à-vis /viz.ɑˈvi/ /viz.əˈvi/ /viːz.æˈviː/ /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ vis-à-vis n
vis-à-vis
(historical) A small horse-drawn carriage for two people sitting facing each other.
A person holding a corresponding position in another organisation.

vis-à-vis /viz.ɑˈvi/ /viz.əˈvi/ /viːz.æˈviː/ /viːz.ɑːˈviː/ preposition
vis-à-vis
In relation to; compared with.
Opposite; across from; set so as to be facing.

visa /ˈviː.sə/ /ˈviː.zə/ visas n
visa
A permit to enter and leave a country, normally issued by the authorities of the country to be visited.

visa-on-arrival n
visa-sur-arrivée
A simplified method of issuing visa (a permit to enter and leave a country) on arrival, as an alternative to a complete visa-free entry.

visarga visargas n
visarga
(phonology, Sanskrit, _, grammar) the voiceless terminal h in Sanskrit

viscacha /vɪˈskatʃə/ /vɪˈskɑt͡ʃə/ viscachas n
viscache
Any of the several South American rodents, native to the Andes, of the genera Lagidium and Lagostomus, within family Chinchillidae.

viscera n
viscère
Collectively, the internal organs of the body, especially those contained within the abdominal and thoracic cavities, such as the liver, heart, or stomach.

visceral /ˈvɪsəɹ(ə)l/ /ˈvɪsəɹəl/ /ˈvɪsɹ(ə)l/ /ˈvɪsɹəl/ more visceral most visceral adj
viscéral
(anatomy) Of or relating to, made up of, or positioned among or within, the viscera.
Of or relating to the viscera or bowels regarded as the origin of a person's emotions; hence (figuratively) , relating to or having deep internal feelings or sensibility. [16th–17th c.; revived from 20th c.]
Having to do with the response of the body as opposed to the intellect, as in the distinction between feeling and thinking.

viscoelastic adj
viscoélastique
Viscous and elastic.

viscometer viscometers n
viscosimètre
(physics) An instrument used to measure the viscosity of a liquid.

viscosity /vɪsˈkɑsɪti/ /vɪsˈkɒsɪti/ viscosities n
viscosité
(uncountable) The state of being viscous.
(countable, physics) A quantity expressing the magnitude of internal friction in a fluid, as measured by the force per unit area resisting uniform flow.

viscount /ˈvaɪkaʊnt/ viscountess viscounts n
vicomte
A member of the peerage, above a baron but below a count or earl.

viscountess viscountesses n
vicomtesse
The wife of a viscount.
A woman holding the rank of viscount in her own right.

viscounty viscounties n
vicomté

viscous /ˈvɪs.kəs/ more viscous most viscous adj
visqueux
Having a thick, sticky consistency between solid and liquid.

vise /vaɪs/ vises n
étau
(US) An instrument consisting of two jaws, closing by a screw, lever, cam, or the like, for holding work, as in filing.

visibility /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ə.ti/ /ˌvɪz.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ /ˌvɪz.ɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/ visibilities n
visibilité
(countable) The degree to which things may be seen.

visible /ˈvɪzəb(ə)l/ more visible most visible adj
visible
Able to be seen.

visible light n
lumière visible
(physics) The part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between infrared and ultraviolet, that is visible to the human eye.

visible spectrum n
spectre visible
(physics) The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum which is visible to the human eye (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet).

visibly /ˈvɪz.ə.bli/ /ˈvɪzɪbli/ more visibly most visibly adv
visiblement
In a visible manner; openly.

vision /ˈvɪʒ.ən/ [ˈvɪʒ.n̩] visions n
vue vision
(uncountable) The sense or ability of sight.
vision
(countable) Something imaginary one thinks one sees.
aspiration vision
(countable) An ideal or a goal toward which one aspires.
vision apparition
(countable) A religious or mystical experience of a supernatural appearance.

visionary /ˈvɪʒn̩(ə)ɹi/ /ˈvɪʒəˌnɛɹi/ more visionary most visionary adj
visionnaire
Having vision or foresight.
illusoire imaginaire
Imaginary or illusory.
prophétique
Prophetic or revelatory.
idéaliste utopique
Idealistic or utopian.

visionary /ˈvɪʒn̩(ə)ɹi/ /ˈvɪʒəˌnɛɹi/ visionaries n
visionnaire
Someone who has visions; a seer.
Someone who has creative and positive ideas about the future.
utopiste
An impractical dreamer.

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ visits n
visite séjour
A single act of visiting.
consultation visite
(medicine, insurance) A meeting with a doctor at their surgery or the doctor's at one's home.

visit /ˈvɪzɪt/ v
visiter rendre visite
(transitive) To habitually go to (someone in distress, sickness etc.) to comfort them. (Now generally merged into later senses, below.) [from 13th c.]

visitation /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃən/ visitations n
droit de visite
(legal) The right of a separated or divorced parent to visit a child; access.

visiting scholar visiting scholars n
professeur invité
(education) A scholar from an institution who visits a host university to teach, lecture or perform research on a particular topic.

visiting team visiting teams n
équipe visiteuse
(sports) The team in a sport that has traveled out of its home area to play, as opposed to the home team.

visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə/ /ˈvɪzɪtɚ/ visitors n
visiteur visiteuse
Someone who visits someone else; someone staying as a guest.
invité invitée visiteur
Someone who pays a visit to a specific place or event; a sightseer or tourist.

visitorship visitorships n
fréquentation
attendance, number of visitors attending an event, etc.

visor /ˈvaɪzɚ/ visors n
visière
A part of a helmet, arranged so as to lift or open, and so show the face. The openings for seeing and breathing are generally in it.
The fore piece of a cap, projecting over, and protecting the eyes.

vista /ˈviːstə/ /ˈvɪstə/ vistas n
vue
A distant view or prospect, especially one seen through some opening, avenue or passage.
point de vue
A site offering such a view.

visual /ˈvɪzjuːəl/ /ˈvɪʒuəl/ /ˈvɪʒuːəl/ /ˈvɪʒwəl/ /ˈvɪʒəl/ more visual most visual adj
visuel
Related to or affecting the vision.

visual art visual arts n
art visuel
An art form intended to be appreciated or perceived primarily by sight, such as painting, drawing, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking.

visual arts n
art visuel
Art forms that are primarily visual in nature, such as painting, photography, printmaking, and filmmaking.

visual display unit visual display units n
unité d'affichage visuel
A computer display; a screen or monitor that can be connected to a computer.

visual novel visual novels n
roman vidéoludique visual novel

visualization /ˌvɪzjʊəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒuələˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒwələˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ /ˌvɪʒʊəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ visualizations n
visualisation
The act of visualizing, or something visualized.
(computing) A visual representation of data.

visually impaired adj
malvoyant
Partly or wholly blind.

vital /ˈvaɪtəl/ more vital most vital adj
vital
Relating to, or characteristic of life.
Necessary to the continuation of life; being the seat of life; being that on which life depends.
Very important.

vital organ vital organs n
organe vital
An organ of the body which performs a sufficiently important function that damage to the organ can cause death.

vital statistics n
mensurations
The size of a woman's bust, waist and hips, normally measured in inches.

vitalism vitalisms n
vitalisme
The doctrine that life involves some immaterial "vital force", and cannot be explained scientifically.

vitality /vaɪˈtæləti/ /vaɪˈtælɪti/ /vɪ-/ vitalities n
vitalité
The capacity to live and develop.
Energy or vigour.

vitamer vitamers n
provitamine
Any of a combination of substances that, together, function as a vitamin.

vitamin /ˈvaɪ.tə.mɪn/ /ˈvɑet.ə.mən/ /ˈvɪt.ə.mɪn/ [ˈvʌɪ.ɾə.mɪn] vitamins n
vitamine
Any of a specific group of organic compounds essential in small quantities for healthy human growth, metabolism, development, and body function; found in minute amounts in plant and animal foods or sometimes produced synthetically; deficiencies of specific vitamins produce specific disorders.

vitamin A n
vitamine A
(vitamin) Any of several closely related fat-soluble vitamins that are essential for normal vision; retinol.

vitamin B n
vitamine B
(vitamin) Any member of the vitamin B complex.

vitamin C n
vitamine C
The L-enantiomer of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble nutrient essential for life, synthesized by most animals and plants but not humans, although used in our bodies for many purposes. It is plentiful in citrus fruits and many vegetables, and a deficiency causes scurvy.

viticultural adj
vinicole viticole
Of or pertaining to viticulture.

viticulture viticultures n
viticulture
The agricultural practice of growing grape vines.

viticulturist viticulturists n
vigneron vigneronne
a person who grows grapevines

vitreous /ˈvɪ.tɹi.əs/ more vitreous most vitreous adj
vitreux
Of or resembling glass; glassy.

vitreous humour vitreous humours n
corps vitré corps hyalin humeur vitrée
(ophthalmology, British, Canada) The clear gel that fills the eyeball between the lens and the retina.

vitrify /ˈvɪt.ɹɪˌfaɪ/ v
vitrifier
(intransitive) To be converted into glass, especially through heat.

vitrimer vitrimers n
vitrimère

vitrine /vəˈtɹiːn/ /vɪˈtɹiːn/ vitrines n
vitrine
A glass-paneled cabinet or case, especially for displaying articles such as china, objets d'art, or fine merchandise.

vitriol /ˈvɪtɹiɑl/ /ˈvɪtɹiɒl/ /ˈvɪtɹiəl/ vitriols n
vitriol
(dated) Any of various metal sulphates.

vitriolization vitriolizations n
vitriolisation
(chemistry, archaic) The act of vitriolizing or the state of being vitriolized.

vitronectin vitronectins n
vitronectine
(biochemistry) A protein of the pexin family, an abundant glycoprotein that promotes cell adhesion and spreading, inhibits the membrane-damaging effect of the terminal cytolytic complement pathway, and binds to several serpin serine protease inhibitors.

vituperate /-ɹeɪt/ /-ˈtʃuː-/ /-ˌɹeɪt/ /vaɪ-/ /vəˈt(j)upəɹət/ /vəˈt(j)upəˌɹeɪt/ /vɪˈtjuːpəɹeɪt/ /vɪˈtjuːpəɹət/ v
vitupérer
To criticize (someone or something) in an abusive or harsh manner.

vituperation /v(a)ɪˌt(j)upəˈɹeɪʃən/ /v(a)ɪˌtjuːpəˈɹeɪʃən/ vituperations n
désapprobation répugnance
Criticism or invective that is sustained and overly harsh; abuse, severe blame or censure.

vituperator vituperators n
vitupérateur vitupératrice
One who vituperates, or censures abusively.

vivacious /vaɪˈveɪʃəs/ /vɪˈveɪʃəs/ more vivacious most vivacious adj
vivace
Lively and animated; full of life and energy.

vivacity /vɪˈvæsɪti/ vivacities n
vivacité
The quality or state of being vivacious.

vivarium vivaria vivariums n
vivarium
A place artificially arranged for keeping or raising living animals.

vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/ more vivid most vivid vivider vividest adj
vivide
(of perception) Clear, detailed or powerful.

vivify /ˈvɪvɪfaɪ/ v
vivifier
(transitive) To bring to life; to enliven.

viviparity n
viviparité
The condition of being viviparous.

viviparous /vɪˈvɪpəɹəs/ adj
vivipare
(of an animal or animal species) Being born alive, as are most mammals, some reptiles, and a few fish (as opposed to being laid as an egg and subsequently hatching, as do most birds and many other species).
(of a plant or plant species) Arising from an embryo that develops from the outset (rather than from a true seed that then germinates).

viviparous blenny viviparous blennies n
loquette d'Europe
(British) A fish in the family Zoarcidae, Zoarces viviparus.

viviparous lizard viviparous lizards n
lézard vivipare
Zootoca vivipara, known as the common lizard in its relatively northerly Eurasian range.

vivisection /ˌvɪvɪˈsɛkʃən/ vivisections n
vivisection
The action of cutting, surgery or other invasive treatment of a living organism for the purposes of physiological or pathological scientific investigation.

vixen /ˈvɪk.sən/ vixens n
renarde
A female fox.
chipie garce rosse salope
A malicious, quarrelsome or temperamental woman.

vizier /vɪˈzɪə/ /vɪˈzɪɹ/ /ˈvɪzɪə/ viziers n
vizir
(history) A high-ranking official or minister in an Islamic government, especially in the Ottoman Empire.

vlog /ˈviːˌlɑɡ/ /ˈviːˌlɒɡ/ /ˈvlɑɡ/ /ˈvlɒɡ/ vlogs n
vlog vlogue
(Internet) A weblog using video as its primary presentation format. [from 21st c.]

vlogger vloggers n
vlogueur vlogueuse
A contributor to a vlog.

vocabulary /voʊˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ /vəʊˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkabjʊləɹɪ/ /vəˈkæbjəlɛɹi/ vocabularies n
vocabulaire lexique
A usually alphabetized and explained collection of words e.g. of a particular field, or prepared for a specific purpose, often for learning.
The collection of words a person knows and uses.
The words of a language collectively; lexis.
(by extension) A range of artistic or stylistic forms or techniques.
vocabulaire
The stock of words used in a particular field.

vocal /ˈvoʊ.kəl/ /ˈvəʊ.kəl/ more vocal most vocal adj
vocal
(phonetics) Consisting of, or characterized by, voice, or tone produced in the larynx, which may be modified, either by resonance, as in the case of the vowels, or by obstructive action, as in certain consonants, such as v, l, etc., or by both, as in the nasals m, n, ng.

vocal cord vocal cords n
corde vocale
(anatomy, usually plural) Either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx whose vibrations help to produce the voice.

vocal cords n
cordes vocales
(chiefly, in the plural) Two folds of tissue located in the larynx that vibrate when air passes over them, producing the sound waves associated with talking and singing.

vocalic /voʊˈkælɪk/ /vəʊˈkælɪk/ adj
vocalique
Pertaining to a vowel.

vocalist /ˈvoʊkəlɪst/ vocalists n
vocaliste
A singer; a person who likes to sing.

vocalization /voʊk(ə)l(a)ɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ /vəʊk(ə)lʌɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ vocalizations n
vocalisation
The act of vocalizing or something vocalized; a vocal utterance
(orthography, phonology) The addition of these diacritics and the respective phonemes to a word; the spoken form the word thereby receives.

vocation /voʊˈkeɪʃən/ /vəʊˈkeɪʃən/ vocations n
vocation
An inclination to undertake a certain kind of work, especially a religious career; often in response to a perceived summons; a calling.
An occupation for which a person is suited, trained or qualified.

vocational school vocational schools n
lycée professionnel
A school that provides training in specific skills required for different industries.

vocative /ˈvoʊkətɪv/ /ˈvɑkətɪv/ /ˈvɒkətɪv/ more vocative most vocative adj
vocationnel vocatif
Of or pertaining to calling; used in calling or vocation.
vocatif
(grammar) Used in address; appellative (said of that case or form of the noun, pronoun, or adjective, in which a person or thing is addressed). For example "Domine, O Lord"

vocative case vocative cases n
vocatif
(grammar) case of address, case used for a noun identifying the person or thing being addressed. It corresponds to the archaic English particle "O" as used in solemn or poetic address e.g.: Hear me, O Albion! Languages that regularly employ the vocative include Arabic, Bengali, Bulgarian, Czech, Georgian, Greek, Hawaiian, Hindi-Urdu, Irish, Latin, Latvian, Lithuanian, Ojibwe, Polish, Romanian, Ruthenian/Rusyn, Sanskrit, Scottish Gaelic, Serbo-Croatian, Slovak, Tamil and Ukrainian.

vociferation /voʊˌsɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ /vəʊˌsɪf.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/ vociferations n
vocifération
The act of exclaiming; violent outcry; vehement utterance of the voice.

vociferous /voʊˈsɪfəɹəs/ /vəʊˈsɪfəɹəs/ more vociferous most vociferous adj
bruyant vociférateur
Making or characterized by a noisy outcry; clamorous.

vociferously more vociferously most vociferously adv
criard fulminant tapageur
In a vociferous manner.

vocoder vocoders n
vocodeur
Any of several electronic or digital devices or systems for the analysis and/or synthesis of speech.

vocoid /ˈvoʊ.kɔɪd/ vocoids n
vocoïde
(linguistics) A phonetic vowel, as opposed to a phonological one.

vodka /ˈvɑdkə/ /ˈvɒdkə/ vodkas n
vodka
A clear distilled alcoholic liquor made from grain mash.

vodyanoy vodyanoys n
vodianoï wodianoï
(Slavic mythology) A type of water sprite from Slavic mythology

vogue /vəʊɡ/ vogues n
mode vogue
The prevailing fashion or style.
vogue
Popularity or a current craze.

vogueing more vogueing most vogueing adj
en vogue
fashionable, prevailing

voice /vɔɪs/ voices n
voix son
Sound uttered by the mouth, especially by human beings in speech or song; sound thus uttered considered as possessing some special quality or character
voix
An expressed opinion, choice, will, desire, or wish; the right or ability to make such expression or to have it considered
(archaic) Command; precept.
(music) In harmony, an independent vocal or instrumental part in a piece of composition.
orateur
One who speaks; a speaker.
voix genre
(grammar) A particular way of inflecting or conjugating verbs, or a particular form of a verb, by means of which is indicated the relation of the subject of the verb to the action which the verb expresses.

voice /vɔɪs/ v
exprimer clamer proclamer voter énoncer
(transitive) To give utterance or expression to; to utter; to publish; to announce

voice actor voice actors voice actress n
doubleur acteur de doublage actrice de doublage doubleuse
An actor who provides voices or voice-overs for radio drama, animations, commercials, dubbed films, games, etc.

voice message voice messages n
message vocal
A message left on a voice mail system.

voice of reason voices of reason n
voix de la raison

voice-over /ˈvɔɪsoʊvɚ/ /ˈvɔɪsəʊvə/ voice-overs n
voix hors champ
A production technique, in which pictures are accompanied by the voice of an unseen actor or reporter.
voix off
A voice-overed release, especially of foreign content.
The voice audio track of such a broadcast.

voiced /vɔɪst/ adj
sonore voisé
(phonetics) Sounded with vibration of the vocal cords. For example, the phone [z] is voiced, while [s] is unvoiced.

voiceless /ˈvɔɪsləs/ adj
aphone
Lacking a voice, without vocal sound.
sourd
(phonetics, of a consonant or vowel) Spoken without vibration of the vocal cords; unvoiced, surd, breathed. Examples: [t], [s], [f], [m̥], [u̥].

voicemail voicemails n
boîte vocale messagerie vocale répondeur
(countable, by extension) An individual message on such a system.

voicing /ˈvɔɪsɪŋ/ voicings n
voisement
(phonetics) The articulatory process in which the vocal cords vibrate.
sonorisation voisement
(phonology) A phonological process that turns a voiceless sound into a voiced one.

void /vɔɪd/ adj
vide libre vacant
Containing nothing; empty; not occupied or filled.
invalide nul caduc vacant vide
Having no incumbent; unoccupied; said of offices etc.
dépourvu vide
(with of) Being without; destitute; devoid.
vain vide
Not producing any effect; ineffectual; vain.
invalide nul caduc
Of no legal force or effect, incapable of confirmation or ratification.
(programming, of a function or method) That does not return a value; being a procedure rather than a function.
(bridge) Having no cards in a particular suit.

void /vɔɪd/ voids n
vide néant
An empty space; a vacuum.

void /vɔɪd/ v
annuler résilier révoquer
(transitive, obsolete) To remove the contents of; to make or leave vacant or empty; to quit; to leave.

voilà /(v)wɑˈlɑ/ /vwæˈlɑː/ /vwɑːˈlɑː/ /vwʌˈlɑː/ interjection
voilà
Lo, there it is; see here; ta-da; presto; behold!

voivode /ˈvɔɪˌvoʊd/ /ˈvɔɪˌvəʊd/ voivodes n
voïvode
A local ruler or official in various parts of central and eastern Europe, especially early semi-independent rulers of Transylvania.

voivodeship /ˈvɔɪˌvoʊdˌʃɪp/ /ˈvɔɪˌvəʊdˌʃɪp/ voivodeships n
voïvodie
(countable, uncountable) The jurisdiction of a voivode, comparable to a countship or a county.
(countable) The highest-level administrative subdivision of Poland, comparable to a province or state.

vol /vɑl/ /vɒl/ vols n
vol
(heraldiccharge) A heraldic symbol consisting of a pair of outstretched wings, often conjoined at their shoulders.

vol-au-vent /vɒl.əˈvɒnt/ /ˌvɒl.oˈvɑ̃/ vol-au-vent vol-au-vents vols-au-vent n
vol-au-vent
A small circular piece of puff pastry with a hole for various fillings, such as mushrooms, prawns, fruit, cheese, etc.

volatile /ˈvɑ.ləˌtaɪ.əl/ /ˈvɒl.əˌtaɪ.(ə)l/ [ˈvɑ.lə.tl̩] [ˈvɑ.lə.ɾɫ̩] more volatile most volatile adj
volatil
(physics) Evaporating or vaporizing readily under normal conditions.
(of a price etc) Variable or erratic.
(computing, of memory) Whose content is lost when the computer is powered down.

volcanic /vɒlˈkanɪk/ adj
volcanique
Of or pertaining to a volcano or volcanoes
Produced by a volcano, or, more generally, by igneous agencies
Changed or affected by the heat of a volcano.

volcanic bomb volcanic bombs n
bombe volcanique

volcanically more volcanically most volcanically adv
volcaniquement
By means of a volcano.

volcanism volcanisms n
volcanisme vulcanisme
(volcanology) Any of the natural phenomena and processes associated with the action of volcanos, geysers and fumaroles

volcano /vɑl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkeɪ.nəʊ/ /vɒl.ˈkɑː.nəʊ/ /vɔl.ˈkeɪ.noʊ/ volcanoes volcanos n
volcan
A vent or fissure on the surface of a planet (usually in a mountainous form) with a magma chamber attached to the mantle of a planet or moon, periodically erupting forth lava and volcanic gases onto the surface.

volcano rabbit volcano rabbits n
lapin de Diaz lapin des volcans
A small rabbit, Romerolagus diazi, that resides in the mountains of Mexico.

volcanological adj
volcanologique vulcanologique
Of or pertaining to volcanology.

volcanologist /ˌvɒl.kə.ˈnɒ.lə.dʒɪst/ volcanologists n
volcanologue
One who is skilled in, professes or practices volcanology.

volcanology /ˌvɒl.kə.ˈnɒ.lə.dʒi/ n
volcanologie
The study of volcanoes.

volcanotectonic adj
volcanotectonique

vole /ˈvəʊl/ voles n
campagnol
Any of a large number of species of small rodents of the subfamily Arvicolinae of the family Cricetidae which are not lemmings or muskrats.

volition /voʊˈlɪʃ(ə)n/ /vəˈlɪʃ(ə)n/ volitions n
volonté
A conscious choice or decision. [from early 17th c.]
énergie
The mental power or ability of choosing; the will.

volley /ˈvɑli/ /ˈvɒli/ volleys n
salve volée
The simultaneous firing of a number of missiles or bullets; the projectiles so fired.

volleyball /ˈvɒlibɔ(ː)l/ volleyballs n
balle de volley balle de volley-ball volley-ball
(uncountable) A game played on a rectangular court between two teams of two to six players which involves striking a ball back and forth over a net.
volley-ball balle de volley balle de volley-ball
(countable) The inflated ball used in such a game.

volleyball player volleyball players n
volleyeur
A person who plays volleyball, especially professionally.

volost volosts n
volost
(historical) A traditional administrative subdivision in Eastern Europe.

volt /voʊlt/ /vɒlt/ /vəʊlt/ volts n
volt
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of electrical potential and electromotive force (voltage); the potential difference across a conductor when a current of one ampere uses one watt of power. Symbol: V

voltage /voʊltɪd͡ʒ/ /vəʊltɪd͡ʒ/ voltages n
voltage tension
(electricity) The difference in electrostatic potential between two points in space, especially between live and neutral conductors or the earth.

voltaism n
voltaisme
(obsolete) galvanism

volte-face /-ˈfɑːs/ /vɒltˈfæs/ volte-faces n
volte-face demi-tour marche arrière revirement
A reversal of attitude, policy, or principle.

voltinism voltinisms n
voltinisme
(biology) The number of broods or generations of an organism in one year.

voltmeter /ˈvoʊltˌmitɚ/ voltmeters n
voltmètre
An instrument for measuring electric potential in volts.

voluble /ˈvɑl.jə.bəl/ /ˈvɒl.jʊ.bəl/ more voluble most voluble adj
volubile
(of a person or a manner of speaking) Fluent or having a ready flow of speech.
Easily rolling or turning; having a fluid, undulating motion.
(botany) Twisting and turning like a vine.

volume /ˈvɑl.jum/ /ˈvɑl.jəm/ /ˈvɒl(j)ɪu̯m/ /ˈvɒl.juːm/ /ˈvɒl.jʊm/ volumes n
volume
A three-dimensional measure of space that comprises a length, a width and a height. It is measured in units of cubic centimeters in metric, cubic inches or cubic feet in English measurement.
Strength of sound; loudness.
The issues of a periodical over a period of one year.
A bound book.
Quantity.
(computing) An accessible storage area with a single file system, typically resident on a single partition of a hard disk.
volume tome
A single book of a publication issued in multi-book format, such as an encyclopedia.

volumetric adj
volumétrique
Pertaining to measurement by volume.

voluntarily /ˈvɒləntɹɪli/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɛɹɪli/ more voluntarily most voluntarily adv
volontairement bénévolement
In a voluntary manner.

voluntary /vo.ˈlɔn.t̠ɹ̠̊ɹ̩.ri/ /ˈvɑ.lənˌtɛɹ.i/ /ˈvɒl.ən.tɹi/ /ˌvo.lɔn.ˈtɛ.ri/ more voluntary most voluntary adj
volontaire
Done, given, or acting of one's own free will.
bénévole
Working or done without payment.

voluntary muscle voluntary muscles n
muscle volontaire
(muscle) Muscle that is normally controlled by individual volition; skeletal muscle.

volunteer /-ˈtɪɚ/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɪə/ volunteers n
volontaire bénévole
One who enters into, or offers themselves for, any service of their own free will, especially when done without pay.
(military) One who enters into military service voluntarily (but who, when in service, is subject to discipline and regulations like other soldiers), as opposed to a conscript.

volunteer /-ˈtɪɚ/ /ˌvɑlənˈtɪɹ/ /ˌvɒl(ə)nˈtɪə/ v
se porter volontaire
(intransitive) To enlist oneself as a volunteer.
être bénévole être volontaire
(ambitransitive) To do or offer to do something voluntarily.

volunteering n
volontariat
The act of voluntarily giving time and labor for charity or community service.

voluntourism n
voluntourisme
A type of tourism which combines traditional travel and tourism with volunteer work. Travelers are given opportunities to contribute money and/or time to causes related to their destinations.

voluptuous /vəˈlʌp.t͡ʃu.əs/ more voluptuous most voluptuous adj
voluptueux sensuel somptueux
Characterized or marked by full, generous, pleasurable sensation.
voluptueux plantureux
(of a woman) Curvaceous and sexually attractive.

voluptuousness voluptuousnesses n
voluptuosité
sensuality; the quality of being sensuous
sexuality; the quality of being sensual

volute /vəˈluːt/ volutes n
volute
(architectural element) The characteristic spiral curve on an Ionic capital, widely copied in other styles and in neoclassical architecture.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ vomits n
vomi
The regurgitated former contents of a stomach; vomitus.

vomit /ˈvɑmɪt/ /ˈvɒmɪt/ v
vomir rendre dégobiller rejeter gerber dégueuler
(intransitive) To regurgitate or eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth; puke.

vomitrocious more vomitrocious most vomitrocious adj
dégueulasse à vomir
(slang) Causing a desire to vomit; disgusting or gross.

voodoo /ˈvuːduː/ voodoos n
vaudou
Any of a group of related religious practices found chiefly in and around the Caribbean, particularly in Haiti and Louisiana.

voodoo doll voodoo dolls n
poupée vaudou
A poppet; a doll made to resemble a person in order to cast spells on them or to galvanize some change in them by modifying the doll, often by inserting pins and needles or by binding it.

voracious /vɔːˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ /vəˈɹeɪ.ʃəs/ more voracious most voracious adj
vorace
Wanting or devouring great quantities of food.
Having a great appetite for anything; eager.

voracity voracities n
voracité
the state of being voracious; rapacity or extreme gluttony

vorarephilia n
vorarephilie
A paraphilia or fetish in role-playing, involving the devouring of or being devoured by another person or creature—whether alive and whole ("soft vore"), or with gore or killing ("hard vore").

vortex /ˈvɔɹtɛks/ vortexes vortices n
tourbillon
A whirlwind, whirlpool, or similarly moving matter in the form of a spiral or column.

vortical /ˈvɔːtɪk(ə)l/ more vortical most vortical adj
tourbillonnant
Of or pertaining to a vortex; containing vortices; moving in a vortex. [from 17th c.]

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ votes n
voix vote
a formalized choice on legally relevant measures such as employment or appointment to office or a proceeding about a legal dispute.
vote votation
an act or instance of participating in such a choice, e.g., by submitting a ballot

vote /voʊt/ /vəʊt/ v
voter
(intransitive) To cast a vote; to assert a formalized choice in an election.

vote of confidence votes of confidence n
motion de confiance
A motion proposed in a parliament or other assembly to give members the chance to express their confidence in a government; sometimes proposed by a government to counter a vote of no confidence proposed by the opposition; defeat would lead to the resignation of the government.

vote of no confidence votes of no confidence n
motion de censure
(politics, legal) A parliamentary motion representing the lack of confidence of a parliament in the standing government. A passed motion of no confidence usually results in the government's fall.

vote with one's feet v
aller à la pêche voter avec ses pieds
(idiomatic) To express one's preferences through one's actions, by voluntarily participating in or withdrawing from an activity, group, or process; especially, by physical migration to leave a situation one does not like, or to move to a situation one regards as more beneficial.

voter /ˈvoʊtɚ/ /ˈvəʊtə(ɹ)/ voters n
votant votante électeur
Someone who votes.

voting /ˈvoʊtɪŋ/ votings n
votation
action of the verb to vote

voting booth voting booths n
isoloir
(US) A small enclosed compartment where a voter may register a vote in private; it may house some voting machine, or just have a pencil for marking a voting slip.

voting machine voting machines n
machine à voter
Any machine used in place of a paper ballot. In the model used in the US the voters mark their choice by switching levers and then pulling the master switch to reset the machine and place their vote.

voting system voting systems n
système électoral mode de scrutin
A system used to determine the result of an election based on the preferences expressed by voters.

votive /ˈvoʊ.tɪv/ /ˈvəʊ.tɪv/ more votive most votive adj
votif
Dedicated or given in fulfillment of a vow or pledge.

vouch /ˈvaʊt͡ʃ/ v
entériner
To back, confirm, or support (someone or something) with credible evidence or proof.
se porter garant
To affirm or warrant the correctness or truth of (something); also, to affirm or warrant (the truth of an assertion or statement).
To express confidence in or take responsibility for (the correctness or truth of) something.

voucher /ˈvaʊt͡ʃə(ɹ)/ vouchers n
bon coupon
A piece of paper that entitles the holder to a discount, or that can be exchanged for goods and services.

vouchsafe /ˌvaʊt͡ʃˈseɪf/ [ˌvʌʊtʃˈseɪf] v
accorder de manière clémente
To graciously give, to condescendingly grant a right, benefit, outcome, etc.; to deign to acknowledge.

voussoir /vuˈswɑːr/ voussoirs n
voussoir
(architecture) One of a series of wedge-shaped bricks or stones forming an arch or vault. [from 1728]

vow /vaʊ/ vows n
vœu voeu
A solemn promise to perform some act, or behave in a specified manner, especially a promise to live and act in accordance with the rules of a religious order.

vow /vaʊ/ v
jurer
(ambitransitive) To make a vow; to promise.

vowel /vaʊl/ /ˈvaʊ.əl/ vowels n
voyelle
(phonetics) A sound produced by the vocal cords with relatively little restriction of the oral cavity, forming the prominent sound of a syllable.
(orthography) A letter representing the sound of a vowel; in English, the vowels are a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y.

vowel harmony vowel harmonies n
harmonie vocalique
(phonology) A phonological process in some languages that sets constraints on which vowels may be found near each other or within a word, such as back vowels or front vowels; sometimes resulting in variant affixes, clitics or similar variations.

vox pop /vɒksˈpɒp/ /ˈvɒkspɒp/ vox pops n
micro-trottoir
(journalism) A short, informal, non-prearranged interview with a member of the public, especially to canvas opinion.

vox populi /ˈvɒks ˈpɒpjuːlaɪ/ n
opinion publique voix du peuple vox populi
voice of the people.

voyage /ˈvɔɪ.ɪd͡ʒ/ voyages n
voyage
A long journey, especially by ship.

voyeur /vwɑ.ˈjɜɹ/ /vwɑː.ˈjɜː/ /vɔɪ.ˈjɜr/ /vɔɪ.ˈjɜː/ voyeurs n
voyeur
A person who derives sexual pleasure from secretly observing other people, especially when such people are engaged in some sexual activity.

voyeurism /vwɑːˈjɜːɹɪz(ə)m/ voyeurisms n
voyeurisme
The derivation of sexual satisfaction by watching unsuspecting people secretly, especially when those being watched are undressed or undressing, flashing, toileting, or engaging in sexual activity.

vroom /vɹum/ /vɹuːm/ /vɹʊm/ interjection
vroum
The sound of an engine revving up.

vrykolakas n
vrykolakas
(folklore) In Greek folklore, a harmful undead creature that eats flesh, somewhat like a vampire or zombie.

vulcanization vulcanizations n
vulcanisation
A process by which rubber is hardened using heat and sulphur.

vulcanize /ˈvʌl.kə.naɪz/ v
vulcaniser
(transitive) To treat rubber with heat and (usually) sulphur to harden it and make it more durable.

vulcanologist /ˌvʌl.kə.ˈnɒ.lə.dʒɪst/ vulcanologists n
volcanologue

vulgar /ˈvʌl.ɡə/ /ˈvʌl.ɡɚ/ more vulgar most vulgar vulgarer vulgarest adj
vulgaire obscène
Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene.

vulgarity /vʌlˈɡɜɹɪɾi/ vulgarities n
vulgarité
(uncountable) The quality of being vulgar.
grossièreté vulgarité
(countable) An offensive or obscene act or expression.

vulgarize v
vulgariser vulgarizar
To make commonplace, lewd, or vulgar.

vulnerability /ˌvʌln(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ /ˌvʌn(ə)ɹəˈbɪlɪti/ vulnerabilities n
vulnérabilité
(uncountable) The state of being vulnerable; susceptibility to attack or injury, either physical or emotional; the state or condition of being weak or poorly defended.

vulnerable /ˈvʌln(ə)ɹəbl̩/ /ˈvʌn(ə)ɹəbl̩/ more vulnerable most vulnerable adj
vulnérable
More or most likely to be exposed to the chance of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally.

vulnerary /ˈvʌl.nəɹ.əɹ.i/ /ˈvʌl.nɚ.ɛɹ.i/ more vulnerary most vulnerary adj
vulnéraire
Useful or used for healing wounds; healing, curative.
(archaic, rare) Causing wounds, wounding.

vulnerary /ˈvʌl.nəɹ.əɹ.i/ /ˈvʌl.nɚ.ɛɹ.i/ vulneraries n
vulnéraire
A healing drug or other agent used in healing and treating wounds.

vulnology n
vulnologie

vulpine /ˈvʌlpaɪn/ more vulpine most vulpine adj
vulpin
Pertaining to a fox.
Having the characteristics of a fox; foxlike; cunning.

vulture /ˈvʌltʃə/ /ˈvʌlt͡ʃɚ/ vultures n
vautour carencro
Any of several carrion-eating birds of the families Accipitridae and Cathartidae.
vautour charognard
(figurative, colloquial) A person who profits from the suffering of others.

vulture fund vulture funds n
fond vautour
(finance, pejorative) A hedge fund or private equity fund that invests in debt considered to be very weak or in imminent default. Investors profit by buying debt at a discounted price on a secondary market and then suing the debtor for a larger amount than the purchasing price.

vulva /ˈvʌlvə/ vulvae vulvas vulvæ n
vulve
(anatomy) The external female sexual organs, collectively.

vulvectomy vulvectomies n
vulvectomie
(surgery) The surgical removal of some or all of the vulva.

vulvitis vulvitides n
vulvite
(medicine) An often painful inflammation of the vulva.

vulvodynia n
vulvodynie

vulvoplasty vulvoplasties n
vulvoplastie

vuvuzela /vuːvuːˈzeɪlə/ /vuːvuːˈzɛlə/ vuvuzelas n
vuvuzela
A trumpet-shaped horn, now usually plastic, that produces a loud buzzing sound.

vyomanaut vyomanauts n
vyomanaute
(rare, chiefly, India) A person who travels in space for the Indian space program; an Indian astronaut.

völva /ˈvoʊlvə/ /ˈvɑlvə/ /ˈvɒlvə/ /ˈvəʊlvə/ /ˈvɜːlvə/ völvas n
völva
(historical) In Old Norse society, a female practitioner of magic divination and prophecy.

w/w adj
p/p
(chemistry) or weight by weight: the proportion of a particular substance within a mixture, as measured by weight or mass.

wad /wɑd/ /wɒd/ wads n
boule tampon
An amorphous, compact mass.
liasse paquet
A substantial pile (normally of money).
bouchon bourre étoupin
A soft plug or seal, particularly as used between the powder and pellets in a shotgun cartridge, or earlier on the charge of a muzzleloader or cannon.
décharge
(slang, vulgar) An ejaculation of semen.

wad /wɑd/ /wɒd/ v
boucher capitonner rembourrer rouler en boule
To crumple or crush into a compact, amorphous shape or ball.

wad hook wad hooks n
tire-balle tire-bourre tireballe tirebourre
two spiral blades arranged something like a corkscrew and fastened to a ramrod for extracting spherical objects from the bottom of a bore-hole, particularly a bullet from the barrel of a firearm

waddle /ˈwɑd.əl/ /ˈwɒd.əl/ [ˈwɑɾ.ɫ̩] v
se dandiner
(intransitive) To walk with short steps, tilting the body from side to side.

wade /wed/ /weɪd/ v
patauger
(intransitive) to walk through water or something that impedes progress.

wadi /ˈwɑdi/ wadies wadis n
oued
A valley, gully, or stream bed in northern Africa and southwest Asia that remains dry except during the rainy season.

wading pool wading pools n
pataugeoire
a shallow pool usually used by children to play in

wafer /ˈweɪfə/ wafers n
gaufrette
A light, thin, flat biscuit/cookie.
pain à cacheter
A soft disk originally made of flour, and later of gelatin or a similar substance, used to seal letters, attach papers etc.
wafer
(electronics) A thin disk of silicon or other semiconductor on which an electronic circuit is produced.

waffle /ˈwɑf.l̩/ /ˈwɒf.l̩/ [ˈwɑf.ɫ̩] n
gaufre
(countable, ) A flat pastry pressed with a grid pattern, often eaten hot with butter and/or honey or syrup.
langue de bois
(colloquial) (Often lengthy) speech or writing that is evasive or vague, or pretentious.

waffle iron waffle irons n
gaufrier moule à gaufres
A cooking appliance, with hinged, indented metal plates, used to make waffles.

wag /wæɡ/ v
remuer frétiller
To swing from side to side, as an animal's tail, or someone's head, to express disagreement or disbelief.
faire l’école buissonnière sécher
(intransitive, mostly, obsolete) To go; to proceed; to move; to progress.

wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ wages n
salaire
(often in plural) An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour.

wage /weɪd͡ʒ/ v
mener
(transitive) To conduct or carry out (a war or other contest).

wage slave wage slaves n
esclave salarié
(informal) Someone who does very unpleasant or drudging work for a wage.

wager /ˈweɪd͡ʒɚ/ wagers n
mise
A bet; a stake; a pledge.
The subject of a bet.
pari mise
(legal) A contract by which two parties or more agree that a certain sum of money, or other thing, shall be paid or delivered to one of them, on the happening or not happening of an uncertain event.
pari
(legal) An offer to make oath.

wager /ˈweɪd͡ʒɚ/ v
parier
(transitive) To bet something; to put it up as collateral.

waggle /ˈwaɡəl/ v
frétiller
(transitive) To move (something) with short, quick motions; to wobble.

wagon /ˈwæɡ(ə)n/ /ˈwæɡən/ /ˈwæːɡən/ wagons n
charrette
Short for dinner wagon (“set of light shelves mounted on castors so that it can be pushed around a dining room and used for serving”).
(slang) Short for paddy wagon (“police van for transporting prisoners”).

wagtail wagtails n
bergeronnette hochequeue
Any of various small passerine birds, principally of genus Motacilla, of the Old World, notable for their long tails.

wah-wah adj
wah-wah
(music) Modifying the resonance of musical notes to produce the effect of a human voice.

waif /weɪf/ waifs n
vagabond
A person (especially a child) who is homeless and without means of support; also, a person excluded from society; an outcast.

wail /weɪl/ [weɪɫ] wails n
gémissement plainte
A prolonged cry, usually high-pitched, especially as of grief or anguish. [from 15th c.]

wail /weɪl/ [weɪɫ] v
gémir
(intransitive) To cry out, as in sorrow or anguish.
gémir se lamenter vagir
(transitive) To lament; to bewail; to grieve over.

wailer /ˈweɪlə/ /ˈweɪlɚ/ wailers n
pleureuse
A professional hired mourner.

wainscotting /ˈweɪnskɒtɪŋ/ wainscottings n
lambris
Wooden (especially oaken) panelling on the lower part of a room’s walls.

waist /weɪst/ waists n
taille
(anatomy) The part of the body between the pelvis and the stomach.
The narrow connection between the thorax and abdomen in certain insects (e.g., bees, ants and wasps).
taille ceinture
A part of a piece of clothing that covers the waist.

waistband /ˈweɪstˌbænd/ [ˈweɪst.ˌbænd] waistbands n
ceinture élastique
A band of fabric encircling the waist, especially a part of a pair of pants or a skirt.

waistcoat /ˈweɪs(t)kəʊt/ /ˈwɛskət/ waistcoats n
gilet
(chiefly, British) A sleeveless, collarless garment worn over a shirt and under a suit jacket.

waistline waistlines n
tour de taille
a line around the body at the waist; its measurement
the narrowest part of a garment, usually at the waist, but may be above or below depending on the dictates of fashion or the whim of the designer

wait /weɪt/ [weɪ̯ʔt] waits n
attente
A delay.

wait /weɪt/ [weɪ̯ʔt] v
attendre patienter
(intransitive) To delay movement or action until some event or time; to remain neglected or in readiness.
servir faire le service
(intransitive, stative, US) To wait tables; to serve customers in a restaurant or other eating establishment.

wait on someone hand and foot v
être aux petits soins
(transitive, idiomatic) To attend to (someone's) every need, to the point of excess.

waiter /ˈweɪtə/ /ˈweɪtɚ/ waiters waitress n
serveur serveuse garçon
A male or female attendant who serves customers at their tables in a restaurant, café or similar.

waiting /ˈweɪtɪŋ/ [ˈweɪ̯ɾɪŋ] waitings n
attente
The act of staying or remaining in expectation.

waiting list waiting lists n
liste d'attente
An ordered list of people waiting to obtain a good or service.

waiting room waiting rooms n
salle d'attente chambre d'attente salle des pas perdus
A room in some public place for people to wait.

waitress /ˈweɪtɹəs/ waiter waitresses n
serveuse
A female attendant who serves customers in a restaurant, café, or similar.

waive /weɪv/ v
renoncer
(transitive, legal) To relinquish (a right etc.); to give up claim to; to forgo.

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ [weːk] [wɛːk] wakes n
sillage
(nautical) The path left behind a ship on the surface of the water.
(aviation) The turbulent air left behind a flying aircraft.
veillée funèbre
A period after a person's death before or after the body is buried, cremated, etc.; in some cultures accompanied by a party and/or collectively sorting through the deceased's personal effects.

wake /weɪk/ /weːk/ [weːk] [wɛːk] v
réveiller se réveiller
(transitive) (often followed by up) To make somebody stop sleeping; to rouse from sleep.

wake up /ˌweɪk ˈʌp/ [ˌweɪˈkʌp] v
réveiller
(intransitive) To stop sleeping; to awake.
(transitive) To awaken somebody.
(intransitive) To become more aware of a real-life situation; to concentrate on the matter in hand.

wake up and smell the coffee /ˈweɪk ʌp n̩ ˈsmɛl ðə ˈkɒfi/ /ˈweɪk ˌʌp n̩ ˈsmɛl ðə ˈkɔfi/ v
ouvrir les yeux
(idiomatic, US, informal) Often in the infinitive or imperative: to face reality and stop deluding oneself.

wake-up call wake-up calls n
réveil par téléphone réveil téléphonique
A telephone call to awaken someone at a certain time, especially one requested by the person while staying at a hotel.
avertissement coup de semonce piqûre de rappel signal d'alarme
(figuratively) An alert, reminder, or call to action caused by a dramatic event.

wakeboarding /ˈweɪkbɔɹdɪŋ/ n
wakeboard
(sports) A water sport where a rider on a small board is towed by a motor boat, attached by a cable.

wakeful more wakeful most wakeful adj
éveillé
Awake; not sleeping.

wakefulness wakefulnesses n
vigilance éveil
The state of being wakeful.

wale /ˈweɪl/ [ˈweɪɫ] wales n
côte
A raised rib in knitted goods or fabric, especially corduroy.

wale /ˈweɪl/ [ˈweɪɫ] v
côteler
To give a surface a texture of wales or welts.

wali /ˈwɑːliː/ walis n
wali
A provincial governor in certain Muslim contexts.

walk /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ walks n
promenade balade marche
A trip made by walking.
démarche
A manner of walking; a person's style of walking.
allée
A path, sidewalk/pavement or other maintained place on which to walk.
but-sur-balles
(baseball) An award of first base to a batter following four balls being thrown by the pitcher; known in the rules as a "base on balls".

walk /wɑk/ /wɔk/ /wɔːk/ v
marcher se promener
(intransitive) To move on the feet by alternately setting each foot (or pair or group of feet, in the case of animals with four or more feet) forward, with at least one foot on the ground at all times. Compare run.
ficher le camp
(intransitive, colloquial, legal) To "walk free", i.e. to win, or avoid, a criminal court case, particularly when actually guilty.
marcher faire [distance] à pied
(transitive) To travel (a distance) by walking.
promener accompagner raccompagner
(transitive) To take for a walk or accompany on a walk.
battre
(transitive) To full; to beat (cloth) to give it the consistency of felt.
parcourir
(transitive) To traverse by walking (or analogous gradual movement).
se barrer se casser se tirer
(intransitive, colloquial) To leave, resign.
s'envoler se barrer
(intransitive) To be stirring; to be abroad; to go restlessly about; said of things or persons expected to remain quiet, such as a sleeping person, or the spirit of a dead person.
(obsolete) To be in motion; to act; to move.

walk a tightrope v
être sur le fil être sur le fil du rasoir
(figuratively) To undertake a precarious course of action.

walk around v
déambuler
To walk with no planned destination; to meander.

walk of life walks of life n
horizon milieu
(idiomatic) An occupation, role, social class, or lifestyle.

walk on air v
être sur un petit nuage
To be ecstatic.

walk on eggshells /-ɔn-/ /ˌwɑk-/ /ˌwɔk ɑn ˈɛɡʃɛlz/ /ˌwɔːk ɒn ˈɛɡʃɛlz/ v
marcher sur des œufs prendre des pincettes
(idiomatic) To be overly careful in dealing with a person or situation because they get angry or offended very easily; to try very hard not to upset someone or something.
mettre des gants prendre des gants prendre des pincettes
(idiomatic) To be careful and sensitive, in handling very sensitive matters.

walk the dog v
promener le chien sortir le chien
To take a dog for a walk, so as to give it exercise.

walk the talk v
faut que les bottines suivent les babines
(idiomatic, US) To perform actions consistent with one's claims.

walk the walk v
faut que les bottines suivent les babines
To act consistently in line with one's claims; to follow through.

walk-on walk-ons n
figurant comparse figuration
An actor of a small (or "bit") part in a theatrical production or film, often without speaking lines.

walkability walkabilities n
marchabilité
The quality of being walkable

walkable more walkable most walkable adj
marchable
Able to be walked; suitable for pedestrians.

walkabout walkabouts n
bain de foule
(British) A public stroll by some celebrity to meet a group of people informally.

walker /ˈwɑkɚ/ /ˈwɔkɚ/ /ˈwɔːkə/ walkers n
marcheur
The agent noun of to walk: a person who walks or a thing which walks, especially a pedestrian or a participant in a walking race.
déambulateur
A walking frame or baby walker.

walkie-talkie walkie-talkies n
talkie-walkie walkie-talkie portatif
A portable, bidirectional radio transceiver, usually one of a pair.

walking /ˈwɑkɪŋ/ /ˈwɔkɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːkɪŋ/ walkings n
marche randonnée marche à pied
.

walking dictionary walking dictionaries n
encyclopédie vivante
(informal) A person familiar with a wide range of specialized terms.

walking frame walking frames n
déambulateur
A framework device used to support either an infant learning to walk or a person with walking difficulties.

walking stick walking sticks n
canne
A tool, such as a cane, used to ease pressure on the legs, and to aid stability, when walking.

walkman walkmans walkmen n
baladeur walkman
A portable personal audio cassette player with headphones.

walkthrough /wɔːk.θɹuː/ walkthroughs n
traversée visite guidée
(video games) A thorough demonstration that explains the steps involved in winning the game.

wall /wɑl/ /wɔl/ /wɔːl/ walls n
mur muraille
A rampart of earth, stones etc. built up for defensive purposes.
murs remparts mur
A structure built for defense surrounding a city, castle etc.
mur paroi
Each of the substantial structures acting either as the exterior of or divisions within a structure.
(anatomy, zoology, botany) A dividing or containing structure in an organ or cavity.
mur
(soccer) A line of defenders set up between an opposing free-kick taker and the goal.

wall /wɑl/ /wɔl/ /wɔːl/ v
emmurer
To enclose with, or as if with, a wall or walls.

wall brown wall browns n
mégère
An orange and brown butterfly (Lasiommata megera), of the family Nymphalidae.

wall chaser wall chasers n
rainureuse
A specialised hand-held power tool used for cutting narrow grooves in walls, for instance when laying electrical cable.

wall clock wall clocks n
horloge murale
A clock mounted on a wall.

wall cloud wall clouds n
nuage-mur

wall lizard wall lizards n
lézard des murailles
A small, thin species of lizard found in Europe and North America, Podarcis muralis.

wall of shame walls of shame n
Mur de la honte
(usually capitalized) A collection of the worst or most hated entries in a particular subject, medium, field, or people who have failed to complete a challenge, etc.

wall plug wall plugs n
cheville

wall socket wall sockets n
prise prise murale prise électrique
A mains electricity power point mounted in or on a wall inside a dwelling or other building.

wallaby /ˈwɑləbi/ /ˈwɒləbi/ wallabies n
wallaby
Any of several species of marsupial; usually smaller and stockier than kangaroos

wallcreeper /ˈwɔːlkɹiːpə/ wallcreepers n
tichodrome échelette
A passerine bird of species Tichodroma muraria, closely related to the nuthatches, breeding in temperate Asia, found more widely in much of temperate Eurasia.

wallet /ˈwɑlət/ /ˈwɒlɪt/ /ˈwɔlət/ wallets n
portefeuille portemonnaie
A small case, often flat and often made of leather, for keeping money (especially paper money), credit cards, etc.

walleye walleye walleyes n
doré jaune
(plural "walleye" or "walleyes") A species of gamefish, Sander vitreus, native to the Northern U.S. and Canada with pale, reflective eyes.

walleyed /ˈwɔːlaɪd/ more walleyed most walleyed adj
vairon
Having eyes of different colours.

wallflower /ˈwɑl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔl.ˌflaʊ.ɚ/ /ˈwɔːl.ˌflaʊ.ə/ wallflowers n
herbe aux chantres vélar
Any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus with bright yellow to red flowers.

wallow /ˈwɒ.ləʊ/ v
se vautrer
To roll oneself about in something dirty, for example in mud.
To move lazily or heavily in any medium.
se complaire se vautrer
(figurative) To immerse oneself in, to occupy oneself with, metaphorically.

wallpaper wallpapers n
papier peint tapisserie
(uncountable) Decorative paper-like material used to cover the inner walls of buildings.
arrière-plan fond d'écran image de bureau motif de bureau papier-peint
(computing, countable, uncountable) An image or tiled pattern used as the background of a computer desktop.

wallpaper v
tapisser
(transitive) To cover (a wall, a room, etc) with wallpaper.

walls have ears proverb
les murs ont des oreilles
There is a risk of being overheard, so be careful about what you say.

walnut /ˈwɑlnət/ /ˈwɑlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔlnət/ /ˈwɔlˌnʌt/ /ˈwɔːlnʌt/ walnuts n
noyer noix
A hardwood tree of the genus Juglans.
Wood of the walnut tree.
noix noyer
A nut of the walnut tree.

walrus /ˈwɑl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɒl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔl.ɹəs/ /ˈwɔːl.ɹəs/ walri walrii walrus walruses walrusses n
morse
A large Arctic marine mammal related to seals and having long tusks, tough, wrinkled skin, and four flippers, Odobenus rosmarus.

waltz /wɑlts/ /wɒlts/ /wɔːlts/ waltzes n
valse
A ballroom dance in 3/4 time.
A piece of music for this dance (or in triple time).

waltz /wɑlts/ /wɒlts/ /wɔːlts/ v
valser
(intransitive, transitive) To dance the waltz (with).

wampee /wɑmˈpiː/ /wɒmˈpiː/ wampees n
wampi
The fruit of this tree.

wan /wæn/ /wɑn/ /wɒn/ wanner wannest adj
blême pâlot pâlotte
Pale, sickly-looking.
blafard blafarde
Dim, faint.
indifférent indifférente
Bland, uninterested.

wand /wɑnd/ /wɒnd/ wands n
baguette
A hand-held narrow rod, usually used for pointing or instructing, or as a traditional emblem of authority.

wander /ˈwɑndɚ/ /ˈwɒndə/ /ˈwʊndə/ /ˈwʌndə/ v
errer vaguer divaguer

wanderer /ˈwɑndəɹɚ/ /ˈwɒndəɹə/ wanderers n
vagabond errant nomade vagant
One who wanders, who travels aimlessly.

wandering /ˈwɑndəɹɪŋ/ /ˈwɒndəɹɪŋ/ wanderings n
errance errement
Travelling without preset route; roaming.
divagation errement
Aimless thought.
errement
Straying from a desired path.

wandering albatross wandering albatrosses n
albatros hurleur
A large seabird, Diomedea exulans, with a very large wingspread.

wandering whistling duck wandering whistling ducks n
dendrocygne à lunules
Dendrocygna arcuata, a species of whistling duck.

wanderlust /ˈwɑndɚˌlʌst/ /ˈwɒndəlʌst/ wanderlusts n
bougeotte errance
A strong impulse or longing to travel.

wane /weɪn/ wanes n
déclin
A gradual diminution in power, value, intensity etc.
The lunar phase during which the sun seems to illuminate less of the moon as its sunlit area becomes progressively smaller as visible from Earth.
(literary) The end of a period.
flache
(woodworking) A rounded corner caused by lack of wood, often showing bark.

wane /weɪn/ v
décliner
(intransitive) To progressively lose its splendor, value, ardor, power, intensity etc.; to decline.
décroître
(intransitive, astronomy) Said of the Moon as it passes through the phases of its monthly cycle where its surface is less and less visible.
(intransitive, archaic) To decrease physically in size, amount, numbers or surface.

wangle /ˈwæŋ.ɡəl/ v
carotter resquiller truander
(transitive) To obtain through deceitful or manipulative methods.

waning /ˈweɪ.nɪŋ/ adj
décroissant
Becoming weaker or smaller.
Of the lunar phase: as it shrinks when viewed from the Earth.

waning /ˈweɪ.nɪŋ/ wanings n
diminution décroissance
The fact or act of becoming less or less intense or present; fading.

waning moon waning moons n
lune décroissante
A moon (usually the Moon, that is, Earth's moon) when it appears smaller each night as it progresses from a full moon to a new moon: a moon in any of the diminishing lunar phases.

wank /wæŋk/ wanks n
branlage branlette
(countable, slang, vulgar) An act of masturbation.

wank /wæŋk/ v
se branler branler
(transitive, slang, vulgar) To masturbate; to give a hand job to.

wanker /ˈwæŋkə(ɹ)/ wankers n
branleur
(derogatory) A person who masturbates.
con conne
An idiot, a stupid person.
crâneur frimeur
Someone who shows off too much, a poser or poseur; someone who is overly self-satisfied.

wannabe /ˈwɒnəbi/ wannabes n
wannabe
(informal, derogatory, often, attributive) Someone who wishes to be someone or do something, but lacks the qualifications or talent; an overeager amateur; an aspirant.

want /wɐnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wʌnt/ wants n
besoin désir
(countable) A desire, wish, longing.
manque
(countable, often, followed by of) Lack, absence, deficiency.
misère pauvreté
(uncountable) Poverty.

want /wɐnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wʌnt/ v
vouloir avoir envie
(intransitive) To desire (to experience desire); to wish.

want ad want ads n
offre

wanted /ˈwɑntɪd/ /ˈwɒntɪd/ more wanted most wanted adj
recherché
(legal) subject to immediate detainment by law enforcement authorities on sight.

wanted poster wanted posters n
avis de recherche
A printed public announcement that the authorities want to apprehend a person for a crime; normally, a reward is offered.

wantokism /ˈwɑntɒkɪzəm/ n
wantokisme
The Melanesian cultural practice of relying on one's wantoks for any need, and of sharing the fruits of one's personal success with one's wantoks.

wanton /ˈwɑntən/ /ˈwɒntɒn/ /ˈwɒntən/ wantoner wantonest adj
indiscipliné
(archaic) Undisciplined, unruly; not able to be controlled.
lascif lubrique dévergondé licencieux
Lewd, immoral; sexually open, unchaste.
gratuit
Capricious, reckless of morality, justice etc.; acting without regard for the law or the well-being of others; gratuitous.

wapiti wapiti wapitis n
wapiti
(US, Canada) The American elk (Cervus canadensis). It was formerly considered to be in the same species as the European red deer, which it somewhat exceeds in size.

waqf /wɑkf/ awqaf waqfs n
waqf
An endowment of land, in certain Islamic countries, given for religious or charitable purposes.

war /wɑɹ/ /wɔɹ/ /wɔː/ wars n
guerre
(uncountable) Organized, large-scale, armed conflict between countries or between national, ethnic, or other sizeable groups, usually but not always involving active engagement of military forces.
(crime) A prolonged conflict between two groups of organized criminals, usually over organizational or territorial control.
(chiefly, _, US) Campaigns against various social problems.
bataille guerre
(uncountable, card games) Any of a family of card games where all cards are dealt at the beginning of play and players attempt to capture them all, typically involving no skill and only serving to kill time.

war /wɑɹ/ /wɔɹ/ /wɔː/ v
entrer en guerre faire la guerre
(intransitive) To engage in conflict (may be followed by "with" to specify the foe).

war cemetery war cemeteries n
cimetière de guerre cimetière militaire
A cemetery reserved for the graves of (usually military) victims of warfare, including civil war.

war chest war chests n
trésor de guerre
A fund to finance a war

war chief war chiefs n
chef de guerre
A chief who leads a group in wartime, a warlord, a war leader.

war correspondent war correspondents n
correspondant de guerre

war crime /ˈwɔɹ ˌkɹaɪm/ /ˈwɔː kɹaɪm/ war crimes n
crime de guerre
(criminal law, international law) A punishable offence under international law for violations of the laws of war by any person or persons, military or civilian.

war criminal war criminals n
criminel de guerre criminelle de guerre
A person guilty of one or more war crimes.

war dance war dances n
danse de guerre danse guerrière
(anthropology) A ceremonial dance performed before a major battle or after a victory, usually by a tribe.

war economy war economies n
économie de guerre

war effort war efforts n
effort de guerre

war film war films n
film de guerre
A cinematic production with a wartime setting or theme.

war footing war footings n
sur le pied de guerre
A state of preparedness for waging war.

war game war games n
jeu de guerre

war hammer war hammers n
marteau d'armes
A medieval hammer-like weapon used in close combat.

war hero war heroes n
héros de guerre

war leader war leaders n
chef de guerre
A person who leads a people or military force in a war; a war chief, a warlord.

war machine /ˈwoɹ məˌʃin/ /ˈwɔː məˌʃiːn/ /ˈwɔːɹ məˌʃiːn/ war machines n
machine de guerre
The military resources of a belligerent country considered as a whole.

war memorial war memorials n
monument aux morts
A monument to commemorate the people who were killed in a particular war

war of aggression wars of aggression n
guerre d'agression
(international law) A military conflict waged without the justification of self-defense, usually for territorial gain and subjugation.

war of attrition wars of attrition n
guerre d'usure guerre d'attrition
A prolonged war in which the warring sides try to defeat their opponents by wearing them out.

war of conquest wars of conquest n
guerre de conquête
A military conflict where one state, nation, or people conquers or attempts to conquer another; a conquering war.

war of independence wars of independence n
guerre [[d']]indépendance
A civil war by which a rebellious party achieves its independence from a state or ruler.

war of nerves wars of nerves n
guerre des nerfs guerre psychologique
(idiomatic, by extension) A situation in which opposed parties refrain from direct conflict but maintain a tense, contentious relationship in which each uses annoyances or intimidating psychological tactics to attempt to dishearten and unnerve the other.

war orphan war orphans n
orphelin de guerre

war paint war paints n
peinture de guerre
Pigments ritually applied to the face and/or body (originally and still especially of a Native American warrior) prior to going into a battle.
peinturlurage peinturlure
(informal) Cosmetics, makeup.

war reparations n
dommages de guerre réparations de guerre
monetary compensation intended to cover damage or injury during a war

war room war rooms n
salle d'opérations
A command center; a single location which serves as the point of coordination for military activities.

war veteran war veterans n
ancien combattant
A person who has served in the armed forces during a war.

war widow war widows n
veuve de guerre
(by extension) A woman whose spouse has been killed in any conflict.

war zone war zones n
zone de guerre théâtre d'opération
A region where war is ongoing.

warble /ˈwɔɹbl̩/ /ˈwɔːbl̩/ warbles n
varon varron
A lesion under the skin of cattle, caused by the larva of a bot fly of genus Hypoderma.

warbler /ˈwɔː(ɹ)blə(ɹ)/ warblers n
fauvette paruline
Any of various small passerine songbirds, especially of the family Sylviidae (Old World warblers) and Parulidae (New World warblers).

ward /wɔɹd/ /wɔːd/ wards n
garde
(fencing) A guarding or defensive motion or position.
The ridges on the inside of a lock, or the incisions on a key.
arrondissement
An administrative division of a borough, city or council.
cour
An area of a castle, corresponding to a circuit of the walls.
garde quartier
A section or subdivision of a prison.
paroisse garde
(Mormonism) A subdivision of the LDS Church, smaller than and part of a stake, but larger than a branch.
pavillon unité
A part of a hospital, with beds, where patients reside.
pupille
A minor looked after by a guardian.
A person under guardianship.

ward off v
parer
(transitive) To parry, or turn aside.
prévenir éviter
(transitive) To avert or prevent.

warden /ˈwɔɹdən/ /ˈwɔːdən/ wardens n
directeur de prison
A chief administrative officer of a prison.

wardrobe /ˈwɔɹdɹoʊb/ /ˈwɔːdɹəʊb/ wardrobes n
garde-robe armoire
A movable cupboard or cabinet designed for storing clothes, particularly as a large piece of bedroom furniture.

wardrobe malfunction wardrobe malfunctions n
défaut de fonctionnement de garde-robe incident de garde-robe
(euphemistic) An accidental instance of indecent exposure caused by a fault in someone's clothing (especially that of a performer) or by an error made while changing clothes.

wardrobe mistress wardrobe mistresses n
costumière
(performing arts) A woman in charge of the procurement, maintenance, and inventory of the costumes and other clothing worn by performers.

warehouse /ˈwɛə(ɹ)haʊs/ warehouses n
entrepôt dépôt
A place for storing large amounts of products. In logistics, a place where products go to from the manufacturer before going to the retailer.

warehouseman warehousemen n
magasinier manutentionnaire
A person who manages, or works in, a warehouse.

warehousewoman warehousewomen n
magasinière
A woman who manages, or works in, a warehouse.

warehousing warehousings n
entreposage
The act of storing goods in a warehouse.

warfare /ˈwɔɹfɛɹ/ /ˈwɔːfɛə/ warfares n
guerre
The waging of war or armed conflict against an enemy.
guerre combat
Military operations of some particular kind e.g. guerrilla warfare.

warhead warheads n
ogive
The part of a missile, projectile, torpedo, rocket, or other munition which contains either the nuclear or thermonuclear system, high explosive system, chemical or biological agents, or inert materials intended to inflict damage.

warhorse warhorses n
destrier
(historical, military) Any horse used in horse-cavalry, but especially one bearing an armoured knight.

wariness warinesses n
méfiance prudence
vigilance or the condition of being alert

warlike /ˈwɔɹlaɪk/ /ˈwɔːlaɪk/ more warlike most warlike adj
belliqueux
Hostile and belligerent.
Martial, bellicose or militaristic.

warlock /ˈwɔɹ.lɑk/ /ˈwɔː.lɒk/ warlocks n
sorcier enchanteur
A male magic-user; a male witch.

warlord /ˈwɔɹlɔɹd/ /ˈwɔːlɔːd/ warlords n
seigneur de guerre
A high military officer in a warlike nation.
seigneur de la guerre
A local ruler or bandit leader usually where the government is weak.

warm /wɔɹm/ /wɔːm/ warmer warmest adj
chaud chaleureux chaude chaleureuse
Of a somewhat high temperature.
cordial cordiale
Having a color in the part of the visible electromagnetic spectrum between red and yellow-green.
enflammé enflammée
(archaic) Ardent, zealous.

warm /wɔɹm/ /wɔːm/ v
chauffer réchauffer échauffer
(transitive) To make engaged or earnest; to interest; to engage; to excite ardor or zeal in; to enliven.

warm front warm fronts n
front chaud
(meteorology) The trailing edge of a retreating mass of cold air.

warm the bench v
cirer le banc

warm the cockles of someone's heart v
faire chaud au cœur mettre du baume au cœur réchauffer le cœur
(idiomatic) To provide happiness, to bring a deeply-felt contentment.

warm up v
réchauffer chauffer
(intransitive) To become warmer.
réchauffer
(transitive) To heat or reheat (e.g. food).
s'échauffer
(figuratively) To physically or mentally prepare oneself, something or someone for an activity.
(intransitive) To do gentle exercise, stretching etc., in order to prepare the body for more vigorous exercise.
échauffer
(transitive) To make (an audience) enthusiastic or animated before a show.

warm-bloodedness n
homéothermie
the state of being warm-blooded

warm-up warm-ups n
échauffement
The act of exercising or stretching in preparation for strenuous activity

warming center warming centers n
halte-chaleur

warmish adj
tiédasse
somewhat warm

warmist warmists n
réchauffiste
(politics, chiefly, pejorative) A person who believes that global warming is real, and is caused by human activity.

warmly /wɔɹmli/ /wɔːmli/ more warmly most warmly warmlier warmliest adv
chaudement
In a manner that maintains warm temperature.

warmonger /ˈwɔː.mʌŋ.ɡə(ɹ)/ warmongers n
va-t-en-guerre belliciste marchand de guerre marchande de guerre militariste
(pejorative) Someone who advocates war; a militarist.

warmth /wɔɹmθ/ /wɔːmθ/ warmths n
chaleur
A moderate degree of heat; the sensation of being warm.

warn /wɔɹn/ /wɔːn/ v
avertir alerter
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of impending danger, evil, etc. [from 11th c.]
avertir prévenir alerter
(transitive) To make (someone) aware of (something impending); especially:

warning /ˈwɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ interjection
attention
Used to warn of danger in signs and notices.

warning /ˈwɔɹnɪŋ/ /ˈwɔːnɪŋ/ warnings n
avertissement
The action of the verb warn; an instance of warning someone.
avertissement mise en garde
Something spoken or written that is intended to warn.

warning shot warning shots n
coup de semonce tir de semonce tir de sommation
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see A shot fired as a warning.
coup de semonce
(by extension, figuratively) An action intended to act as a warning.

warning triangle warning triangles n
triangle de sécurité triangle de danger triangle de panne triangle de présignalisation
(automotive) A triangle made of (usually) red reflective material, used to warn other road users of a broken-down vehicle.

warp /woːp/ /wɔɹp/ /wɔːp/ warps n
déformation
(uncountable) The state, quality, or condition of being physically bent or twisted out of shape.
(countable) A mental or moral distortion, deviation, or aberration.
chaîne
(weaving) The threads that run lengthwise in a woven fabric; crossed by the woof or weft.

warp /woːp/ /wɔɹp/ /wɔːp/ v
déformer tordre
(transitive) To twist or turn (something) out of shape; to deform.

warp beam warp beams n
ensouple
(textiles, weaving) The roller on which the warp is wound in a loom.

warpath warpaths n
sentier de la guerre
(figurative) A course of action that leads to battle or hostility.

warped more warped most warped adj
tordu
(figuratively) Of a person's mind, attitudes, etc, perverse, strange, aberrant or deviant.

warrant /ˈwɑɹənt/ /ˈwɒɹənt/ /ˈwɔɹənt/ warrants n
mandat
Authorization or certification; a sanction, as given by a superior.
(law, countable) A judicial writ authorizing an officer to make a search, seizure, or arrest, or to execute a judgment.
garantie
(countable) Something that provides assurance or confirmation; a guarantee or proof.
mandat de conformité
(New Zealand, road transport, countable) A document certifying that a motor vehicle meets certain standards of mechanical soundness and safety; a warrant of fitness.

warrant of payment warrants of payment n
commandement de payer injonction de payer

warrant officer warrant officers n
adjudant
(military) An officer holding rank by virtue of a warrant rather than a commission.

warranty /ˈwɒ.ɹən.ti/ /ˈwɔɹ.ən.ti/ warranties n
garantie
(countable, law) A legal agreement, either written or oral (an expressed warranty) or implied through the actions of the buyer and seller (an implied warranty), which states that the goods or property in question will be in exactly the same state as promised, such as in a sale of an item or piece of real estate.
(countable) A written guarantee, usually over a fixed period, provided to someone who buys a product or item, which states that repairs will be provided free of charge in case of damage or a fault.

warren /ˈwɒɹən/ /ˈwɔɹən/ warrens n
garenne
The system of burrows where rabbits live.

warrener /ˈwɑɹənɚ/ /ˈwɒɹənə/ /ˈwɔɹənɚ/ warreners n
garennier

warrior /ˈwoɹ.i.ɚ/ /ˈwoɹjɚ/ /ˈwɑɹ.i.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɑɹjə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɒɹ.i.ə(ɹ)/ warriors n
guerrier guerrière
A person who is actively engaged in battle, conflict or warfare; a soldier or combatant.

warship /ˈwɔɹˌʃɪp/ /ˈwɔːˌʃɪp/ warships n
navire de guerre
Any ship built or armed for naval combat.

wart /wɔɹt/ /wɔːt/ warts n
verrue
(pathology) A type of deformed growth occurring on the skin caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV).

warthog /-hɑɡ/ /ˈwɔɹtˌhɔɡ/ /ˈwɔːtˌhɒɡ/ warthogs n
phacochère
(zoology) A wild pig of the genus Phacochoerus, native to Africa.

wartime wartimes n
temps de guerre
(often, attributive) A period during which a war is in progress in a particular place.

wary /ˈwɛə.ɹi/ /ˈwɛɚ.i/ warier wariest adj
circonspect
méfiant
Cautious of danger; carefully watching and guarding against deception, trickery, and dangers; suspiciously prudent

wasabi /wəˈsɑːbi/ wasabis n
wasabi
A pungent green Japanese condiment made from the plant Eutrema japonicum (syn. Wasabia japonica).

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ washes n
lavage
The process or an instance of washing or being washed by water or other liquid.
machine
A piece of ground washed by the action of water, or sometimes covered and sometimes left dry; the shallowest part of a river, or arm of the sea; also, a bog; a marsh.
oeud
In arid and semi-arid regions, the normally dry bed of an intermittent or ephemeral stream; an arroyo or wadi.

wash /wæʃ/ /wɑʃ/ /wɒʃ/ /wɔɹʃ/ /wɔʃ/ v
laver
To clean with water.
(transitive) To cover with water or any liquid; to wet; to fall on and moisten.
se laver faire sa toilette
(intransitive) To clean oneself with water.

wash one's hands of /ˌwɒʃ wʌnz ˈhæn(d)z‿əv/ /ˌwɔʃ wʌnz ˈhæn(d)z‿əv/ v
se laver les mains de
(transitive, idiomatic) To absolve oneself of responsibility or future blame for (something); to refuse to have any further involvement with (something).

wash up v
laver se laver les mains
(US, intransitive) To wash one's hands and/or face, often around mealtimes.

washable more washable most washable adj
lavable
Capable of being washed without being damaged; especially by a specified method, for example machine-washable.

washbag washbags n
trousse de toilette
(UK) A small bag used to hold toiletries and personal washing items

washbasin washbasins n
lavabo
A basin used for washing, (now) particularly a permanently installed sink, fitted with a water supply and a drain, for washing the hands and face.

washboard washboards n
planche à laver
(musical instruments) Such a board used as a simple percussion instrument.
(nautical) A board fastened along a ship's gunwale to prevent splashing; a splashboard.

washcloth /ˈwɒʃklɒθ/ /ˈwɔʃklɔθ/ washcloths n
gant de toilette
A small cloth used to wash the face and body.

washed out more washed out most washed out adj
lessivé rincé
(idiomatic) Very tired and lacking energy or animation.

washer /ˈwɑʃɚ/ /ˈwɒʃə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɔʃɚ/ washers n
rondelle
A flat annulus, placed beneath a nut or at some joint, to distribute pressure, alleviate friction, provide directionally differentiated friction (e.g. making the nut turn counter-clockwise only with difficulty), or prevent leakage.
laveur laveuse
A person who washes (especially clothes) for a living; a washerman or washerwoman.

washer-dryer washer-dryers n
laveuse-sécheuse
A machine that combines a washing machine and clothes dryer.

washerwoman washerwomen n
lavandière blanchisseuse laveuse
A woman who washes people's laundry.

washhouse washhouses n
lavoir
A domestic outbuilding used as a laundry.
(New Zealand) A room in a house used for washing laundry; a utility room.

washing /ˈwɑ.ʃɪŋ/ /ˈwɒʃ.ɪŋ/ /ˈwɔʃ.ɪŋ/ washings n
lavage
(countable) The action of the verb to wash
linge
(uncountable, chiefly, British, NZ, Australia) Clothing, bedlinen or soft furnishings that have been, are currently being, or are to be washed; laundry.

washing machine washing machines n
lave-linge machine à laver laveuse
A machine, usually automatic, that washes clothes, etc.

washing mitt washing mitts n
débarbouillette gant de toilette main de toilette
A mitt-shaped piece of terrycloth used for personal hygiene.

washing of feet n
lavement des pieds
(religion) A ritual washing of churchgoers' feet by clergy practised by some Christians, especially associated with Maundy Thursday.

washing powder washing powders n
lessive en poudre poudre à laver poudre à lessiver
A powder used in washing clothes, etc.; a detergent.

washing-up liquid washing-up liquids n
liquide vaisselle
(British) A form of liquid soap used to wash dishes by hand.

washout /ˈwɑʃ-/ /ˈwɒʃaʊt/ /ˈwɔʃˌaʊt/ washouts n
raté
An unsuccessful person.

washtub washtubs n
baquet lessiveuse
A tub used for washing clothes.

washtub bass washtub basses n
contrebassine
(musical instrument) A stringed instrument (chordophone), used in American folk music, that uses a metal washtub as resonator.

wasla wasla waslas n
wasla
(linguistics) A diacritic added to the Arabic letter alif ا to form ٱ, also called "hamzatu l-waṣli" - هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ or "alifu l-waṣli" - أَلِفُ الْوَصْلِ. It denotes elision and is seldom used in practice in fully vocalised Arabic texts, only to highlight that the alif is silent هَمْزَةُ ٱلْوَصْلِ = هَمْزَةُ الْوَصْلِ

wasp /waps/ /wæsp/ /wɑsp/ /wɒsp/ wasps n
guêpe
Any of many types of stinging flying insect resembling a hornet.

wasp waist wasp waists n
taille de guêpe
a very slim waist resembling that of a wasp, especially one attained by tightlacing (corseting)

waspish /ˈwɑ.spɪʃ/ /ˈwɒs.pɪʃ/ more waspish most waspish adj
grincheux
Spiteful or irascible.

waste /weɪst/ wastes n
déchets ordures
Excess of material, useless by-products, or damaged, unsaleable products; garbage; rubbish.
fèces merde
Excrement or urine.
stérile terrain vague terre en friche
A wasteland; an uninhabited desolate region; a wilderness or desert.
gaspillage
The action or progress of wasting; extravagant consumption or ineffectual use.
dégradation dégénération
Gradual loss or decay.

waste /weɪst/ v
gaspiller dévaster dépérir détruire gâcher perdre
(transitive) To wear away by degrees; to impair gradually; to deteriorate; to diminish by constant loss; to use up; to consume; to spend; to wear out.

waste away v
dépérir
(idiomatic) To lose energy and/or become weak and feeble.

waste breath v
gaspiller sa salive perdre sa salive
(idiomatic) To speak in a manner which is needless or futile; in discussion or argument to make points which are not appreciated or heeded.

waste not, want not proverb
tout est bon dans le cochon

waste of time wastes of time n
perte de temps
A pointless or unproductive task.

waste time v
perdre son temps
To allow time to elapse in an unproductive manner.

wasteful /ˈweɪstfəl/ more wasteful most wasteful adj
gaspilleur dépensier dilapidateur
Inclined to waste or squander money or resources.

wasteland /ˈweɪs(t)ˌland/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlænd/ /ˈweɪs(t)ˌlənd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɘnd/ /ˈwæes(t)ˌlɛnd/ wastelands n
friche désert
A place with no remaining resources; a desert.

wastepaper wastepapers n
maculature vieux papiers
unwanted paper that has been discarded

wastepaper basket wastepaper baskets n
corbeille à papiers
A small open container for discarded paper etc; a wastebasket.

waster /ˈweɪstə/ wasters n
gaspilleur gaspilleuse
Someone or something that wastes; someone who squanders or spends extravagantly.

wastewater wastewaters n
eaux usées
Any water that has been used in some human domestic or industrial activity and, because of that, now contains waste products.

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ watches n
montre
A portable or wearable timepiece.
veille
A particular time period when guarding is kept.
garde
A person or group of people who guard.
poste
The post or office of a watchman; also, the place where a watchman is posted, or where a guard is kept.

watch /ˈwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ/ v
regarder
(ambitransitive) To look at, see, or view for a period of time.
faire attention faire gaffe prendre garde
(transitive) To be wary or cautious of.
observer regarder veiller surveiller faire attention faire gaffe
(transitive) To attend to dangers to or regarding.
veiller être vigilant
(intransitive) To be vigilant or on one's guard.

watch glass watch glasses n
verre de montre
(chemistry) An item of glass laboratory equipment consisting of a simple, slightly concave circle of glass. It is a general utility item, used to hold small samples, to evaporate liquids, to cover a beaker, and so on.

watch one's mouth v
surveiller son langage
(idiomatic, US) To be careful about what one says, especially with regard to disrespectful or profane language.

watch one's step v
faire attention où l'on marche regarder devant soi
To move cautiously.
faire attention être prudent
(idiomatic) To be cautious.

watch out interjection
attention
Used to warn someone of an imminent danger.

watch out v
faire attention
(idiomatic) To be aware or conscious; to look closely or carefully; to use caution. Often used in the imperative.

watch over v
veiller
(idiomatic) To guard and protect.

watch pocket watch pockets n
gousset
A small pocket in the waistband of men's trousers or in other garments for carrying a pocket watch.

watchful /ˈwɒt͡ʃ.fəl/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃ.fəl/ more watchful most watchful adj
vigilant attentif
Fully observant, vigilant, or aware.

watchlist /ˈwɒt͡ʃˌlɪst/ /ˈwɔt͡ʃˌlɪst/ watchlists n
liste de suivi liste de surveillance
A list of people or things that are to receive special attention or monitoring.

watchmaker /ˈwɔtʃˌmeɪkə/ watchmakers n
horloger horlogère
A person who makes and/or maintains watches.

watchman watchmen n
guetteur sentinelle
One set to watch; a person who keeps guard, especially one who guards a building, or the streets of a city, by night.

watchtower watchtowers n
tour de garde tour de guet
An observation tower in which a lookout keeps watch over prisoners, or looks out for fires, etc.

watchword /ˈwɒt͡ʃwɜː(ɹ)d/ watchwords n
mot d'ordre
A word used as a motto, as expressive of a principle, belief, or rule of action; a rallying cry.
(military, security) A prearranged reply to the challenge of a sentry or a guard; a password or signal by which friends can be known from enemies.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætəɹ/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] waters n
bouteille [[d']]eau verre [[d']]eau eau
(countable) A serving of liquid water.
eau
(uncountable, in particular) The liquid form of this substance: liquid H2O.
(alchemy, philosophy) The aforementioned liquid, considered one of the Classical elements or basic elements of alchemy.
Urine. [from 15th c.]
eaux eau
(poetic, archaic, or, dialectal) A body of water, almost always a river, sometimes a lake or reservoir, especially in the names given to such bodies.

water /ˈwoːtə/ /ˈwætəɹ/ /ˈwɑtəɹ/ /ˈwɒtə/ /ˈwɒtəɹ/ /ˈwɔtər/ /ˈwɔtəɹ/ /ˈwɔɹtəɹ/ /ˈwɔːtə/ /ˈwɔːtəɹ/ /ˈwʊtəɹ/ [wɔːʔəɹ] [ˈwatə] [ˈwaɾɚ] [ˈwaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈwoʊʔə] [ˈwoːtə] [ˈwoːɾə] [ˈwoːʔɐ] [ˈwoːʔə] [ˈwɑɾɚ] [ˈwɒːθ̠ɚ] [ˈwɔoɾɐ] [ˈwɔtər] [ˈwɔəɾə] [ˈwɔəɾɚ] [ˈwɔɹɾɚ] [ˈwɔɾɚ] [ˈwɔʈə(r)] [ˈwʊɾɚ] [ˈʋaːʈər(ɯ)] [ˈʋɔʈə(r)] v
arroser
(transitive) To pour water into the soil surrounding (plants).
abreuver faire boire pleurer
(transitive) To wet or supply with water; to moisten; to overflow with water; to irrigate.
mouiller
(transitive) To dilute.

water bear water bears n
tardigrade ourson d’eau
(zoology) A member of the animal phylum Tardigrada.

water bottle water bottles n
gourde
A bottle used for carrying water or other drinks.

water buffalo /ˈwɑtɚˌbʌfəloʊ/ [ˈwɑɾɚˌbʌfəloʊ] water buffalo water buffaloes water buffalos n
buffle d'Asie buffle des marais buffle des rivières
A large ungulate, widely used as a domestic animal in Asia, South America. North Africa and Europe: Bubalus bubalis.

water cannon water cannon water cannons n
canon à eau
A device that shoots a large amount of water at high pressure through a hose-like tube.

water chestnut water chestnuts n
châtaigne d'eau chinoise
(uncountable) Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis), grown for its edible corm, used in Asian cooking.

water clock water clocks n
clepsydre
(chiefly, _, historical) A device for measuring time using water, typically by measuring water flowing in or out of a basin of known size at a known rate.

water cycle water cycles n
cycle de l'eau
The natural cycle of evaporation of water from the oceans etc, and subsequent condensation and precipitation as rain and snow

water dog water dogs n
chien d'eau
A retriever type of gun dog bred to flush and retrieve game from water.

water down v
diluer
To dilute; to add water to.

water fight water fights n
bataille d'eau
An activity, usually involving children, where the participants use water balloons, guns and pistols to get each other wet.

water flea water fleas n
daphnie
Any of various aquatic crustacea of the order Diplostraca, characterised by their jumping or jerky mode of swimming.

water fountain water fountains n
abreuvoir fontaine à eau
A mechanical device designed to dispense small quantities of drinking water, usually in a public place such as a school or office.

water glass water glasses n
verre liquide
(inorganic chemistry) Any of various water-soluble silicate compounds, especially when occurring in dissolved, jelly-like form.

water heater water heaters n
chauffe-eau
An appliance for heating water above its ambient temperature, generally for domestic use.

water lily water lilies n
nénufar nénuphar
Any of various members of the Nymphaeaceae family that are tuberous plants, rooted in soil with leaves (lily pads) and flowers floating on the water surface.

water main water mains n
tuyau
The principal pipe, usually underground, for conveying water to residential and business properties.

water meter water meters n
compteur d'eau
A device used to measure the volume of water usage.

water mint water mints n
menthe aquatique
A herb in the mint family, Mentha aquatica.

water parsnip water parsnips n
berle
Any plant of the genus Sium, as the skirret.

water plantain water plantains n
plantain d'eau
Any of several plants, of the genus Alisma, that inhabit marshy places

water pollution n
pollution de l'eau
Contamination of water, especially surface water, by sewage effluent, fertilizer runoff, industrial chemical discharge, etc.

water polo n
waterpolo
A water sport consisting of two teams of swimmers who have to throw the ball into the opponent's goal.

water polo player n
joueur de water-polo joueuse de water-polo waterpoliste
(translation hub) A player of water polo

water power water powers n
énergie hydraulique
(uncountable) Mechanical or electrical energy derived from running or falling water; originally obtained from a waterwheel immersed in a stream; modern hydroelectric power is obtained from turbines fed from reservoirs.

water repellent water repellents n
déperlance déperlant
(textiles, chemistry) A chemical used to make fabric water-repellent.

water shortage water shortages n
pénurie [[d']]eau

water ski water skis n
ski nautique
A broad ski used for water skiing.

water skiing n
ski nautique
The sport of riding on water skis, whilst being towed by a motorboat.

water slide water slides n
toboggan aquatique
A recreational slide with water flowing down it to reduce friction, sometimes involving the participant sitting on a mat or raft and sometimes leading into a pool at the bottom.

water softener water softeners n
adoucisseur d'eau
A device which reduces the calcium and magnesium concentration of hard water by passing it through an ion exchange resin.

water softening n
adoucissement de l'eau
The removal of calcium and magnesium ions from water, or their replacement with sodium, either by chemical reaction or by ion exchange.

water starwort water starworts n
callitriche
Any of the small aquatic plants comprising the genus Callitriche.

water strider water striders n
araignée d’eau
Any of a number of predatory insects in the family Gerridae, which rely on surface tension to walk on top of water.

water table water tables n
nappe phréatique
(geology) The level, underground, below which the ground is saturated with water.

water tank water tanks n
réservoir d'eau citerne à eau
A tank (type of large container) used to store water.

water tower water towers n
château d'eau château d’eau
A large tank of water, in an elevated position, acting as a local reservoir; water is pumped into the tank and fed by gravity to the consumers.

water turbine water turbines n
turbine hydraulique
A device that converts the energy of moving water, usually at a dam into rotary motion, usually used to make electricity.

water under the bridge n
de l'eau a coulé sous les ponts histoire ancienne
(idiomatic) Something in the past that cannot be controlled or undone, but must be accepted, forgiven, or forgotten.

water vapor water vapors n
vapeur d'eau vapeur
Water in a gaseous state, especially when diffused in the atmosphere.
vapeur vapeur d'eau
Steam.

water vole water voles n
rat d'eau
Any of three Old World vole species: the European water vole (Arvicola amphibius, formerly Arvicola terrestris), the montane water vole (Arvicola scherman), or the southwestern water vole (Arvicola sapidus).
campagnol de Richardson
The North American vole (Microtus richardsoni).

water wheel water wheels n
roue à aubes
A wheel, propelled by running or falling water, used to power machinery.

water-resistant more water-resistant most water-resistant adj
hydrofuge
that slows the penetration of water (but is not waterproof)

water-soluble adj
hydrosoluble soluble dans [[l']]eau
Dissolving easily in water.

waterbed waterbeds n
lit à eau
A bed with a tough plastic mattress filled with water.

waterbird waterbirds n
oiseau d’eau
Any bird that inhabits a freshwater environment.

waterboarding waterboardings n
simulacre de noyade
A torture technique in which the victim is immobilized, has towels or rags wrapped over their face, and has water poured onto them, causing them to experience the sensation of drowning.

waterbomber waterbombers n
canadair avion-citerne bombardier à eau

watercolour /ˈwɔ.tɜˌkʌ.lɜ/ watercolours n
aquarelle
(countable) A water-soluble pigment.
(countable) A painting made by using such pigment.
(uncountable) This kind of painting as a genre.

watercourse watercourses n
cours d'eau cours
Any channel, either natural or artificial, through which water flows.

watercress /ˈwɔtəɹkɹɛs/ /ˈwɔːtəkɹɛs/ watercresses n
cresson de fontaine cresson
A perennial European herb, Nasturtium officinale, that grows in freshwater streams; used in salads and as a garnish.

waterer waterers n
arroseur arroseuse
One who waters plants.

waterfall /ˈwɑtɚfɑl/ /ˈwɔtɚfɔl/ /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ waterfalls n
chute d'eau cascade

waterfowl waterfowl waterfowls n
sauvagine
Any of the birds, such as ducks, geese and swans, that spend most of their non-flying time on water; especially those of the family Anatidae.

waterhole waterholes n
abreuvoir
A depression in which water collects, especially one where wild animals come to drink.
fenêtre de l’eau point d’eau trou d’eau
(astronomy) A part of the electromagnetic spectrum, between the regions where hydrogen and hydroxyl radiate, that is relatively quiet in terms of radio astronomy.

watering can watering cans n
arrosoir
A utensil for watering plants, consisting of a container with a handle and long spout, the spout sometimes being fitted with a perforated nozzle.

waterline waterlines n
ligne de flottaison
(nautical) A line formed by the surface of the water on the hull of a ship when she is afloat; any of a series of short lines marked on the hull to show where the waterline would be under different loadings.

waterlogged more waterlogged most waterlogged adj
détrempé
soaked with water

watermark /ˈwɔːtəmɑːk/ watermarks n
filigrane
A translucent design impressed on the surface of paper and visible when the paper is held to the light.

watermark /ˈwɔːtəmɑːk/ v
filigraner
(transitive) To mark paper with a watermark.
(transitive) To mark a datafile with a digital watermark.

watermelon /ˈwɑtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔtɚˌmɛlən/ /ˈwɔːtəˌmɛlən/ watermelons n
pastèque melon d'eau
A plant of the species Citrullus lanatus, bearing a melon-like fruit.

watermill watermills n
moulin à eau
A mill powered by water.

waterproof more waterproof most waterproof adj
imperméable étanche waterproof
Made of or covered with material that doesn't allow water in.

waterproof v
étanchéifier
To make waterproof or water-resistant.

waterproofing waterproofings n
imperméabilisation
The treatment of something to make it waterproof.

watershed /ˈwɔtɚʃɛd/ /ˈwɔːtəʃɛd/ watersheds n
ligne de partage des eaux
(hydrology, UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) The topographical boundary dividing two adjacent catchment basins, such as a ridge or a crest.
tournant décisif
(figurative) A critical point marking a change in course or development.

watersport watersports n
sport aquatique uro
Any sport played on or in water; such as swimming or water skiing.

waterspout waterspouts n
trombe
A whirlwind that forms over water, not associated with a mesocyclone of a thunderstorm (contrary to a true tornado).

watertight /ˈwɑː.tɚ.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tə.taɪt/ /ˈwɔː.tɚ.taɪt/ more watertight most watertight adj
étanche
So tightly made that water cannot enter or escape.

watertightness n
étanchéité
(rare) The condition of being watertight

waterway waterways n
voie navigable
A body of water, such as a river, channel or canal, that is navigable.

waterworks /ˈwɔtɚˌwɚks/ /ˈwɔːtəˌwəːks/ [-ɾɚ-] waterworks n
station de traitement d'eau
The water supply system of a district, town, city, or other place, including reservoirs, pipes, and pumps.
systéme hydraulique
(treated as singular) Any single facility, such as a filtration plant or pumping station, within such a system.

watery /ˈwɑtəɹi/ /ˈwɔtəɹi/ /ˈwɔːtəɹi/ /ˈwɔːtɹi/ waterier wateriest adj
aqueux
Wet, soggy or soaked with water.

waterzooi /ˈvɑ.tɚˌzɔɪ/ /ˈvɑː.tə.zɔɪ/ n
waterzooi
A type of Flemish stew, traditionally made with fish.

watt /wɑt/ /wɒt/ watts n
watt
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of power; the power of a system in which one joule of energy is transferred per second. Symbol: W

watt-hour watt-hours n
wattheure
A unit of electrical energy equal to the power of one watt in use for one hour; often used as a unit of electricity consumption. Equal to 3600 joule.

wattle /ˈwɑtl̩/ /ˈwɒtl̩/ [ˈwɑ.ɾl̩] wattles n
clayonnage
A construction of branches and twigs woven together to form a wall, barrier, fence, or roof.
barbillon
A wrinkled fold of skin, sometimes brightly coloured, hanging from the neck of birds (such as chicken and turkey) and some lizards.
pampille
A decorative fleshy appendage on the neck of a goat.

wattle and daub n
clayonnage enduit de torchis
A structure of interwoven branches and twigs plastered with mud, clay or dung, used in the construction of dwellings, especially as infill in a half-timbered wall

wattled crane wattled cranes n
grue caronculée
Grus carunculata, a bird of the crane (Gruidae) family

wattmeter wattmeters n
wattmètre
An instrument for measuring electric power in watts.

wave /weɪv/ waves n
vague flot onde
A moving disturbance in the level of a body of liquid; an undulation.
onde vague
(physics) A moving disturbance in the energy level of a field.
ondulation onde vague
A shape that alternatingly curves in opposite directions.
vague onde
Any of a number of species of moths in the geometrid subfamily Sterrhinae, which have wavy markings on the wings.

wave /weɪv/ v
flotter
(intransitive) To move back and forth repeatedly and somewhat loosely.
(transitive) To cause to move back and forth repeatedly.
brandir agiter onduler saluer
(transitive, metonymic) To call attention to, or give a direction or command to, by a waving motion, as of the hand; to signify by waving; to beckon; to signal; to indicate.

wave packet wave packets n
paquet d'onde
(physics) a collection of waves, travelling together
(physics) a probability wave

wavefunction /ˈweɪv.fʌŋ(k).ʃən/ wavefunctions n
fonction d'onde
(physics) A mathematical function that describes the propagation of the quantum mechanical wave associated with a particle (or system of particles), related to the probability of finding the particle in a particular region of space.

waveguide waveguides n
guide d'onde
A structure which guides waves, such as electromagnetic waves, light, or sound waves.

wavelength /ˈweɪvlɛŋ(k)θ/ /ˈweɪvˌlɛŋ(k)θ/ wavelengths n
longueur d'onde
(physics) The length of a single cycle of a wave, as measured by the distance between one peak or trough of a wave and the next; it is often designated in physics as λ, and corresponds to the velocity of the wave divided by its frequency.

wavelet wavelets n
vaguelette
A small wave; a ripple.
ondelette
(mathematics) A fast-decaying oscillation.

wavelike more wavelike most wavelike adj
ondulatoire
(physics) Having some properties or characteristics of a wave; used especially of physical particles.

waver /ˈweɪ.və(ɹ)/ /ˈweɪ.vɚ/ v
vaciller
(intransitive) To sway back and forth; to totter or reel.

wavy /ˈweɪvi/ wavier waviest adj
ondulant
rising or swelling in waves.
Moving to and fro; undulating.
ondulé
Having wave-like shapes on its border or surface; waved.
ondé
(heraldry) Undé, in a wavy line; applied to ordinaries, or division lines, especially to symbolize a river.

waw /waʊ/ /wɑːw/ waws n
waw
The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet: و.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ adj
cire
Made of wax.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ waxes n
cire fart
Any oily, water-resistant, solid or semisolid substance; normally long-chain hydrocarbons, alcohols or esters.
cire
Any preparation containing wax, used as a polish.

wax /wæks/ /wɛks/ v
cirer
(transitive) To apply wax to (something, such as a shoe, a floor, a car, or an apple), usually to make it shiny.
croître cirer
(intransitive, literary) To greaten.
croître
(transitive) To remove hair at the roots from (a part of the body) by coating the skin with a film of wax that is then pulled away sharply.
devenir
(intransitive, copulative, literary) To increasingly assume the specified characteristic.
croître
(intransitive, of the moon) To appear larger each night as a progression from a new moon to a full moon.

wax apple wax apples n
jamalac jamalaquier
the fruit of this plant

wax museum wax museums n
musée de cire
A museum featuring lifelike statues made of wax.

wax tablet wax tablets n
tablette de cire
A tablet made of wood and covered with a layer of wax, used as a reusable and portable writing surface in Antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages.

waxing /ˈwæksɪŋ/ waxings n
waxing épilation à la cire
(countable) A cosmetic procedure in which hair is removed from the body by the application and removal of wax.

waxwing waxwings n
jaseur
Any of several songbirds of the genus Bombycilla, having crested heads, and red tips to the wings.

waxwork waxworks n
personnage en cire
(countable) A figure made of wax, especially an effigy of a famous person.

waxy /ˈwæksi/ more waxy most waxy waxier waxiest adj
cireux
Resembling wax in texture or appearance.

way /weɪ/ ways n
chemin voie
A road, a direction, a (physical or conceptual) path from one place to another.
moyen
A means to enter or leave a place.
façon manière moyen
A method or manner of doing something; a mannerism.

way of life ways of life n
mode de vie
A style of living that reflects the attitudes of a person or group; a lifestyle.

way to go interjection
bien joué
An expression of congratulations, encouragement, or approval.

way to go ways to go n
marche à suivre
A route, course of action; a preferred decision or choice.

way too adv
très

waybill waybills n
lettre de voiture
A document that lists the final destination (and other details) of each part of a cargo.

wayfarer /ˈweɪˌfɛəɹ.ə(ɹ)/ wayfarers n
voyageur
A traveller, especially one on foot.

wayfaring-tree wayfaring-trees n
viorne lantane
(botany) A much-branched European shrub of large size (Viburnum lantana), with dense cymes of small white flowers, the foliage and young shoots thickly covered with soft mealy down.

waylay /ˈweɪleɪ/ /ˌweɪˈleɪ/ v
comploter
(transitive) To lie in wait for and attack from ambush.

wayleave wayleaves n
droit de passage
(US) A right to cross land.

we /wi/ /wiː/ pronoun
nous on
(personal) The speakers/writers, or the speaker/writer and at least one other person (not the person being addressed). (This is the exclusive we.)
nous
(personal, royal) The sovereign alone in their capacity as monarch. (This is the royal we. The reflexive case of this sense of we is ourself.)

weak /wiːk/ weaker weakest adj
faible débile
Lacking in force (usually strength) or ability.

weak nuclear interaction weak nuclear interactions n
interaction nucléaire faible
(physics) The fundamental interaction responsible for the weak nuclear force.

weak spot weak spots n
point faible talon d'Achille ventre mou
A location where the defenses are weak or the vulnerability is great.

weak verb weak verbs n
verbe faible

weaken /ˈwikən/ v
affaiblir s'affaiblir
(transitive) To make weaker or less strong.
(intransitive) To become weaker or less strong.

weaker sex n
sexe faible
(now, _, offensive) Women; the female gender.

weaker vessel weaker vessels n
le sexe le plus faible vaisseau plus fragile
(idiomatic, dated, now, _, offensive) A woman; women collectively.

weakest link weakest links n
maillon faible
The part of a system that is most likely to fail or cause problems.

weakling /ˈwiːklɪŋɡ/ /ˈwiːkˈlɪŋɡ/ weaklings n
gringalet
A person of weak or even sickly physical constitution
poule mouillée
(figuratively) A person of weak character, lacking in courage and/or moral strength.

weakly /ˈwiːkli/ more weakly most weakly adv
faiblement
With little strength or force.

weakness /ˈwiːk.nəs/ weaknesses n
faiblesse
(uncountable) The condition of being weak.
faiblesse point faible
(countable) An inadequate quality; fault
faible faiblesse
(countable) A special fondness or desire.

wealth /wɛlθ/ [wɛl̪θ] wealths n
fortune
richesse
(uncountable, economics) Riches; a great amount of valuable assets or material possessions.
abondance profusion
(countable) A great amount; an abundance or plenty.

wealth tax wealth taxes n
impôt sur la fortune

wealthy /ˈwɛl.θi/ more wealthy most wealthy wealthier wealthiest adj
riche nanti
Possessing financial wealth; rich.

wean /wiːn/ v
sevrer
(transitive) To cease giving breast milk to an offspring; to accustom and reconcile (a child or young animal) to a want or deprivation of mother's milk; to take from the breast or udder.
déshabituer
(transitive, by extension, normally "wean off") To cause to quit something to which one is addicted, dependent, or habituated.

weapon /ˈwiːp.ən/ /ˈwɛp.ən/ weapons n
arme
An instrument of attack or defense in combat or hunting, e.g. most guns, missiles, or swords; arm.

weapon of mass destruction weapons of mass destruction n
arme de destruction massive ADM
Any human-made weapon causing indiscriminate large-scale death or destruction, especially a biological weapon, chemical weapon, nuclear weapon or radiological weapon.

weapon-salve /ˈwɛpən salv/ weapon-salves n
onguent armaire
(now, _, historical) A type of ointment formerly applied to a weapon in order to heal a wound caused by that weapon.

weaponry weaponries n
armement arsenal
Weapons, collectively

weapons-grade adj
de qualité militaire
(of a radioactive or other substance) Of a purity suitable for the manufacture of weapons.

wear /wɛ(ə)ɹ/ /wɛə(ɹ)/ [wɛɚ] [wɛɹ] n
usure
Damage to the appearance and/or strength of an item caused by use over time.

wear /wɛ(ə)ɹ/ /wɛə(ɹ)/ [wɛɚ] [wɛɹ] v
fatiguer user épuiser
To eat away at, erode, diminish, or consume gradually; to cause a gradual deterioration in; to produce (some change) through attrition, exposure, or constant use.
porter empanner
(nautical) To bring (a sailing vessel) onto the other tack by bringing the wind around the stern (as opposed to tacking when the wind is brought around the bow); to come round on another tack by turning away from the wind. Also written "ware". Past: weared, or wore/worn.

wear and tear /ˈwɛəɹ ən ˈtɛəɹ/ n
usure
Damage or depreciation resulting from ordinary use (normally as something excluded from a guarantee or warranty of quality, or as justifying a write-down in a set of accounts).

wear down v
fatiguer
To cause (someone) physical or mental fatigue.

wear off v
s'atténuer s'estomper
(intransitive) to diminish in effect
s'estomper s'élimer
(intransitive) to disappear because of being abraded, over-polished, or abused

wear one's heart on one's sleeve v
parler à cœur ouvert
(idiomatic) To be very transparent, open, or forthright about one's emotions.

wear out v
user
To cause (something) to become damaged, useless, or ineffective through continued use, especially hard, heavy, or careless use.
(intransitive) To deteriorate or become unusable or ineffective due to continued use, exposure, or strain.
fatiguer harasser
To exhaust; to cause or contribute to another's exhaustion, fatigue, or weariness, as by continued strain or exertion.

wear rose-colored glasses v
voir la vie en rose voir le monde en rose
(idiomatic) To see the positive in things while being oblivious to the negative.

wear the trousers v
porter la culotte porter le pantalon
(British, idiom) (typically of a woman) To be the dominant partner in a relationship.

wearability wearabilities n
mettabilité
The state or condition of being (comfortably) wearable.

wearable /ˈweəɹəbl/ more wearable most wearable adj
mettable
Able to be worn.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ wearier weariest adj
las
Having the strength exhausted by toil or exertion; tired; fatigued.
Expressive of fatigue.

weary /ˈwiːɹi/ /ˈwɪəɹi/ v
lasser
To make or to become weary.

weasel /ˈwizl̩/ /ˈwizəl/ /ˈwiːz(ə)l/ weasels n
belette belette d'Europe belette pygmée fouine petite belette
The least weasel, Mustela nivalis.

weather /ˈwɛð.ə/ /ˈwɛð.ɚ/ weathers n
temps météo
The short term state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place, including the temperature, relative humidity, cloud cover, precipitation, wind, etc.
intempéries temps
Unpleasant or destructive atmospheric conditions, and their effects.

weather balloon weather balloons n
ballon-sonde
(meteorology) a balloon that carries meteorological instruments aloft in order to measure, record and return data concerning atmospheric pressure, temperature and humidity

weather bomb weather bombs n
bombe météo

weather forecast weather forecasts n
météo prévision météorologique prévision météo
(meteorology) A prediction of future weather, often for a specific locality, in a newspaper or on the radio or television.

weather forecaster weather forecasters n
météorologue prévisionniste
A person who forecasts the weather.

weather front weather fronts n
front météorologique
(meteorology) The boundary between two masses of air of different density and/or temperature

weather map weather maps n
carte météorologique
a map that shows the analysis of meteorological quantities at various levels of the atmosphere

weather report weather reports n
bulletin météorologique
(meteorology) A description, especially one prepared by a governmental or other authority, of past and/or present and/or forecasted meteorological conditions for a particular geographical area.

weather satellite weather satellites n
satellite météo satellite météorologique
(meteorology) A type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth.

weather station weather stations n
station météorologique
A piece of equipment that collects and transmits meteorological information, and can make weather forecasts

weather vane weather vanes n
girouette
A mechanical device rotating around one axis and attached to an elevated object such as a roof for showing the direction of the wind.

weathercock weathercocks n
girouette
A weather vane, sometimes in the form of a cockerel.

weathering weatherings n
météorisation
(geology) Mechanical or chemical breaking down of rocks in situ by weather or other causes.

weatherman weathermen n
météorologue
A person, especially a male one, who reports the weather conditions or forecasts.

weatherstrip weatherstrips n
coupe-brise coupe-froid
(US) A narrow piece of material used to prevent cold air from entering a building through the edge of a window or a door.

weatherwoman weatherwomen n
météorologue
A female weather broadcaster.

weave /wiːv/ weaves n
armure tissu
A type or way of weaving.

weave /wiːv/ v
tisser
To form something by passing lengths or strands of material over and under one another.
To spin a cocoon or a web.
se faufiler se frayer un chemin serpenter
(transitive) To make (a path or way) by winding in and out or from side to side.

weaver /ˈwi.vɚ/ /ˈwiː.və(ɹ)/ weavers n
tisserand tisseur tisserande tisseuse
A person who weaves; especially, one who weaves cloth for a living.
tisserin
Any of certain spider species, such as the sheet weaver or the funnel weaver, so named because they spin interesting and characteristic webs.
Any of certain fish of the family Pinguipedidae.

weaving /ˈwiːvɪŋ/ weavings n
tissage
(uncountable) The process of making woven material on a loom.

web /wɛb/ webs n
réseau
(by extension) Any interconnected set of persons, places, or things, which, when diagrammed, resembles a spider's web.
panier poche
(baseball) The part of a baseball mitt between the forefinger and thumb, the webbing.
The series of barbs implanted on each side of the shaft of a feather, whether stiff and united together by barbules, as in ordinary feathers, or soft and separate, as in downy feathers.
âme
The interconnection between flanges in structural members, increasing the effective lever arm and so the load capacity of the member.
(rail transport) The thinner vertical section of a railway rail between the top (head) and bottom (foot) of the rail.
palmure
A fold of tissue connecting the toes of certain birds, or of other animals.
bande bobine
(manufacturing) A continuous strip of material carried by rollers during processing.
bande
(lithography) A long sheet of paper which is fed from a roll into a printing press, as opposed to individual sheets of paper.

web /wɛb/ pn
Toile Web
the World Wide Web.

web application web applications n
application Web
(software) A software application that is accessed via a web browser, often over a network but sometimes offline.

web browser /wɛb.bɹaʊ.zə(ɹ)/ web browsers n
navigateur butineur navigateur web
(Internet) A computer program used to navigate the World Wide Web, chiefly by viewing web pages and following hyperlinks.

web conference web conferences n
conférence en ligne conférence web
(computing) A meeting, presentation or other communication hosted via the World Wide Web.

web hosting n
hébergement de site web
The service of hosting a web site on the Internet, making it viewable by other users.

web page web pages n
page web page Web
A single hypertext document (transmitted as HTML) on the World Wide Web, often hyperlinked to others, and intended to be viewed with a web browser.

web scraping n
moissonnage de données
(computing) The scraping of data from websites

web server web servers n
serveur web
(software) software that delivers Web pages and other documents to browsers using the HTTP protocol.
(computer hardware) the computer on which such software runs.

webbed /ˈwɛbd/ adj
palmé
(of feet or hands) With the digits connected by a thin membrane.

webbing /ˈwɛbɪŋ/ webbings n
sangle
(military) A belt and shoulder harness with attached pouches used to carry a soldier's equipment, water, ammunition, etc.

webcam /ˈwɛbˌkæm/ webcams n
webcam cam webcaméra
(computing, photography) A video camera whose output may be viewed in real time over a computer network, originally the World Wide Web.

webcap webcaps n
cortinaire
(mushroom) A mushroom of the agaric genus Cortinarius, many of which are highly poisonous.

weber /ˈveɪbə/ /ˈveɪbɚ/ /ˈwɛbə/ /ˈwɛbɚ/ webers n
weber
In the International System of Units, the derived unit of magnetic flux; the flux linking a circuit of one turn that produces an electromotive force of one volt when reduced uniformly to zero in one second. Symbol: Wb.

webinar webinars n
webinaire
An interactive seminar conducted via Internet. Usually a live presentation, lecture or workshop that happens in real time, as users participate through text-based chat, voice, video, or file-sharing.

webmaster webmasters n
webmestre webmaster
A person responsible for designing, developing, and maintaining a website or websites.

websafe adj
garanti sur le Web
(Internet, computer graphics, historical) Of colours used in the design of a web page: not liable to be dithered on any system, thus appearing the same to all visitors to the website.

website /ˈwɛbˌsaɪt/ websites n
site web site Web site site Internet
(Internet) A collection of interlinked web pages on the World Wide Web that are typically accessible from the same base URL and reside on the same server.

webspinner webspinners n
embioptère
Any of the tropical or subtropical insects of the order Embioptera, which spin silk from structures on their front legs.

websurfer websurfers n
internaute
Someone who surfs the World Wide Web.

webumentary webumentaries n
webdocumentaire
A Web-based documentary utilizing elements specific to the Web (links, images, audio, video, interaction, etc.) in conjunction with standard documentary composition elements.

wed /ˈwɛd/ v
marier
(transitive) To perform the marriage ceremony for; to join in matrimony.
épouser
(figurative, intransitive) To take to oneself and support; to espouse.

wedding /ˈwɛdɪŋ/ weddings n
mariage noces
Marriage ceremony; ritual officially celebrating the beginning of a marriage.

wedding breakfast /ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈbɹɛkfəst/ wedding breakfasts n
repas de mariage
the main celebratory meal held after a marriage ceremony

wedding cake wedding cakes n
gâteau de mariage pièce montée
A decorated cake, often in several tiers and with a model bride and groom, that is cut by the couple as part of a wedding ceremony and distributed to the guests.

wedding dress wedding dresses n
robe de mariée
The dress worn by a bride during a wedding ceremony, in Western culture traditionally white with a long train.

wedding night /ˈwɛdɪŋ naɪt/ wedding nights n
nuit de noces
First night of a married couple in the conjugal bed.

wedding ring wedding rings n
alliance
(jewelry) One of a pair or rings exchanged by spouses in a wedding ceremony, and afterwards worn by them, symbolizing continuous fidelity.

wedge /wɛd͡ʒ/ wedges n
coin cale
One of the simple machines; a piece of material, such as metal or wood, thick at one edge and tapered to a thin edge at the other for insertion in a narrow crevice, used for splitting, tightening, securing, or levering.
morceau part quartier
A piece (of food, metal, wood etc.) having this shape.
cale
(golf) A type of iron club used for short, high trajectories.

wedge /wɛd͡ʒ/ v
caler
(transitive) To support or secure using a wedge.
caler coincer
(ambitransitive) To force into a narrow gap.

wedge politics wedge politics n
politique de la division
(politics) A strategy or pattern of behavior by a politician, political party, or advocacy group which is intended to have a divisive effect on one's political opponents or on the electorate, especially by emphasizing an issue which polarizes opinion along racial, regional, or other demographic lines.

wedgie /ˈwɛdʒ.i/ wedgies n
tire-slip
(slang) A prank in which a person's underpants are pulled up sharply from behind in order to wedge the clothing uncomfortably between the person's buttocks.

wee /wiː/ weer weest adj
petit
(Scotland, Ireland, North England, NZ, Ottawa Valley) Small, little.

wee /wiː/ wees n
pipi

wee hours n
petites heures
The very early morning; the early morning hours; the nighttime hours following midnight, when most people are asleep.

wee small hours n
petit matin petites heures de la matinée petites heures du matin
(informal) The very early morning, just after midnight, when most people are asleep.

wee-wee wee-wees n
pipi zizi foufoune quéquette zézette

wee-wee v
faire pipi

weeaboo /ˈwiː.ə.buː/ weeaboos n
kikoojap weeaboo

weed /wiːd/ weeds n
mauvaise herbe adventice chiendent herbe beuh marie-jeanne
(countable) Any plant unwanted at the place where and at the time when it is growing.
beuh herbe marie-jeanne
A drug or the like made from the leaves of a plant.

weed /wiːd/ v
désherber sarcler
To remove unwanted vegetation from a cultivated area (especially grass).

weeder course weeder courses n
cours à pète

weedy /ˈwiːdi/ weedier weediest adj
chétif
(figurative, of a person or animal) Small and weak.

week /wik/ /wiːk/ weeks n
semaine huit jours
A period of seven days beginning with Sunday or Monday.
A subdivision of the month into longer periods of work days punctuated by shorter weekend periods of days for markets, rest, or religious observation such as a sabbath.

weekday /ˈwiːkdeɪ/ weekdays n
jour de la semaine jour ouvré
Any individual day of the week, except those which form the weekend or the single weekly day off; that is:

weekend /wiːˈkɛnd/ /ˈwiˌkɛnd/ /ˈwiːˌkend/ /ˈwiːˌkɛnd/ weekends n
week-end fin de semaine weekend
The break in the working week, usually two days including the traditional holy or sabbath day. Thus in western countries, Saturday and Sunday.

weeklong adj
d'une durée d'une semaine d'une semaine
Lasting for (approximately) one week.

weekly /wiːk.li/ adj
hebdomadaire
Of or relating to a week.
Happening once a week, or every week.

weekly /wiːk.li/ adv
hebdomadairement chaque semaine une fois par semaine
Once every week.
hebdomadairement une fois par semaine
Every week.

weep /wiːp/ v
pleurer
To cry; to shed tears, especially when accompanied with sobbing or other difficulty speaking, as an expression of emotion such as sadness or joy.

weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth n
pleurs et grincements de dents
consternation, worry

weeping willow weeping willows n
saule pleureur
Any of the numerous decorative cultivars and hybrids of Salix babylonica with white willow (Salix alba) or crack willow (Salix fragilis).

weever /ˈwi.vɚ/ /ˈwiː.və/ weevers n
vive
Any of the usually brown fish in family Trachinidae, which catch prey by burying themselves in the sand and snatching them as they go past.

weevil /ˈwiːv(ə)l/ /ˈwiːvɪl/ weevils n
balanin charançon cosson
Any of many tens of thousands of species of herbivorous beetles, ranging in size from tiny to large, in the superfamily Curculionoidea, the most characteristic species having the head projecting in a distinctive snout with the mouthparts at the tip.

weft /wɛft/ wefts n
trame fil de trame
(weaving) The horizontal threads that are interlaced through the warp in a woven fabric.

weigh /weɪ/ v
peser
(transitive) To determine the weight of an object.
(transitive, figuratively) To determine the intrinsic value or merit of an object, to evaluate.
(transitive, stative) To have a certain weight.
(intransitive) To have weight; to be heavy; to press down.
lever l’ancre
(transitive, nautical) To raise an anchor free of the seabed.
To bear up; to raise; to lift into the air; to swing up.

weigh anchor v
lever l'ancre
(nautical) To raise the anchor of a ship or boat prior to getting under way.

weigh down v
alourdir
To act as a ballast for.

weigh one's words v
peser ses mots

weigh station weigh stations n
poste de pesage
(Canada, US) A place on the highway where trucks stop to get weighed.

weighbridge /ˈweɪbɹɪd͡ʒ/ weighbridges n
pont-bascule
(UK) a platform, flush with the roadway, having a mechanism for weighing vehicles, wagons, livestock, etc.

weighing /ˈweɪ.ɪŋ/ weighings n
pesage pesée
The process by which something is weighed.

weight /weɪt/ weights n
poids
The force an object exerts on the object it is on due to gravitation.
(figurative) Importance or influence.
(weightlifting) An object, such as a weight plate or barbell, used for strength training.
(measurement) Mass (net weight, troy weight, carat weight, etc.).
(statistics) A variable which multiplies a value for ease of statistical manipulation.
poids lest
An object used to make something heavier.
graisse
(typography) The boldness of a font; the relative thickness of its strokes.

weight /weɪt/ v
alourdir appesantir lester
(transitive) To add weight to something; to make something heavier.
pondérer
(transitive, mathematics) To assign weights to individual statistics.

weight class weight classes n
catégorie de poids

weight gain weight gains n
prise de poids
An increase in weight, usually of a person or animal.

weight loss n
perte de poids
(medicine, nutrition) The reduction of total body mass due to loss of fluid, fat, tissue, etc.

weight off someone's shoulders n
soulagement

weighted /ˈweɪ.tɪd/ /ˈwæɪ.tɪd/ [ˈweɪ.ɾɪd] more weighted most weighted adj
alourdi

weighted graph weighted graphs n
graphe pondéré
(graph theory) A graph that associates a weight (usually a real number) with every edge in the graph.

weighted mean weighted means n
moyenne pondérée
An average calculated after biasing values according to agreed weightings.

weightless more weightless most weightless adj
en apesanteur
Not affected by gravity.

weightlessness weightlessnesses n
apesanteur
(countable) An experience or instance of being weightless.

weightlifter weightlifters n
haltérophile
(weightlifting) A person who competes for maximum weight lifted in a series of specific lifts.

weightlifting /ˈweɪtˌlɪftɪŋ/ n
musculation haltérophilie
A form of exercise in which weights are lifted.
haltérophilie
(sports) A sport in which competitors lift heavy weights in two events: the snatch and the clean and jerk.

weights and measures n
poids et mesures
The science and regulation of standards for the quantification of size, weight, temperature, etc.

weighty /ˈweɪti/ weightier weightiest adj
important
Rigorous; severe; afflictive.

weir /wɪə/ /wɪɹ/ weirs n
seuil
An adjustable dam placed across a river to regulate the flow of water downstream.
bordigue écrille
A fence placed across a river to catch fish.

weird /ˈwiɚd/ /ˈwiːə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪə(ɹ)d/ /ˈwɪɚd/ weirder weirdest adj
bizarre étrange
Having an unusually strange character or behaviour.
bizarre
Deviating from the normal; bizarre.

weirdo /ˈwɪədəʊ/ /ˈwɪəɹdoʊ/ weirdoes weirdos n
hurluberlu loufoque zarbi
(informal) A strange, odd, eccentric person.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ more welcome most welcome adj
bienvenu bienvenue
Whose arrival is a cause of joy; received with gladness; admitted willingly to the house, entertainment, or company.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ interjection
bienvenue bienvenu
Greeting given upon someone's arrival.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ welcomes n
bienvenue
The act of greeting someone’s arrival, especially by saying "Welcome!"; reception.
The utterance of such a greeting.

welcome /ˈwɛlkəm/ v
accueillir souhaiter la bienvenue
To affirm or greet the arrival of someone, especially by saying "Welcome!".

welcome back phraseologicalUnit
bon retour parmi nous content de vous revoir
Said to someone coming back to somewhere they have been before.

welcome swallow welcome swallows n
hirondelle messagère

welcoming more welcoming most welcoming adj
accueillant
hospitable, accessible and cordial.

weld /wɛld/ n
gaude réséda des teinturiers
A herb (Reseda luteola) related to mignonette, growing in Europe, and to some extent in America, used to make a yellow dye.

weld /wɛld/ v
souder braser
(transitive) To join two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination.

weldable /ˈwɛldəbl̩/ more weldable most weldable adj
soudable
that is able to be welded

welder /ˈwɛldə(ɹ)/ welders n
soudeur
One who welds, or wields.
poste à souder fer à souder
An item of equipment for welding with: an electric welder.

welding /ˈwɛldɪŋ/ weldings n
soudage
joining two materials (especially two metals) together by applying heat, pressure and filler, either separately or in any combination, or

welfare /ˈwɛlˌfɛə/ /ˈwɛlˌfɛɚ/ welfares n
bien-être
(uncountable) Health, safety, happiness and prosperity; well-being in any respect.
aide sociale
(uncountable, chiefly, _, US) Various forms of financial aid provided by the government to those who are in need of it (often called welfare assistance in UK English).

welfare state welfare states n
État-providence
A social system in which the state takes overall responsibility for the welfare of its citizens, providing health care, education, unemployment compensation and social security.
A country in which such a system operates.

welfare trap welfare traps n
trappe à inactivité
(chiefly, US) A situation where the welfare system discourages people who receive government public assistance payments from entering low-paid work because such work does not produce a significant income increase.

welkin /ˈwɛlkən/ /ˈwɛlkɪn/ welkins n
ouelquin voûte céleste
(also, Lancashire) The sky which appears to an observer on the Earth as a dome in which celestial bodies are visible; the firmament.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ best better weller wellest adj
bien
In good health.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ best better adv
bien
(manner) Accurately, competently, satisfactorily.
(degree) To a significant degree.
drôlement vachement
(degree, British, slang) Very (as a general-purpose intensifier).

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ interjection
bien
Used to acknowledge a statement or situation.
tiens!
An exclamation of sarcastic surprise (often doubled or tripled and spoken in a lowering intonation).
eh bien ben bah écoutez
Used in speech to fill gaps, particularly at the beginning of a response to a question; filled pause.

well /wel/ /wəl/ /wɛl/ wells n
puits
A hole sunk into the ground as a source of water, oil, natural gas or other fluids.
(biology) In a microtiter plate, each of the small equal circular or square sections which serve as test tubes.
puits source
A place where a liquid such as water surfaces naturally; a spring.
fontaine
A small depression suitable for holding liquid or other objects.

well and truly /ˌwɛl n̩ ˈtɹuli/ /ˌwɛl n̩ ˈtɹuːli/ adv
bel et bien
(idiomatic) Completely; utterly; without doubt.

well done more well done most well done adj
bien fait bien joué
(idiomatic) Performed well.
bien cuit
(cooking) Well-cooked.

well done interjection
bravo bien joué

well logging n
carottage
The analysis and recording of the strata penetrated by the drill of an oil well as an aid to exploration.

well off best off better off more well off most well off adj
nanti à l’aise
Of a person: in fortunate circumstances, especially having financial security; comfortably off.

well said interjection
bien dit
A comment expressing approval; an accolade; "that was spoken well" (clearly or eloquently.)

well spotted interjection
bien vu

well, I never interjection
tiens donc
(idiomatic) An exclamation of great surprise.

well-behaved /wɛlbəˈheɪvd/ /wɛlbɪˈheɪvd/ best-behaved better-behaved more well-behaved most well-behaved adj
bien élevé
Having good manners and acting properly; conforming to standards of good behaviour.

well-being /wɛlˈbiː.ɪŋ/ n
bien-être
A state of health, happiness or prosperity.

well-born more well-born most well-born adj
de bonne famille
Noble; born into the upper classes.

well-brought-up best-brought-up better-brought-up more well-brought-up most well-brought-up adj
bien élevé bien éduqué
Having been taught during childhood to exhibit good manners and pleasant behaviour.

well-endowed more well-endowed most well-endowed adj
bien membré bien roulée
(euphemistic) Having large sexual features (of a woman, breasts or buttocks; of a man, penis).

well-established more well-established most well-established adj
ancré
Having been established for a long period of time.

well-groomed best-groomed better-groomed more well-groomed most well-groomed adj
soigné
(of a person) neat and well-dressed

well-heeled more well-heeled most well-heeled adj
nanti riche
(colloquial) Rich, affluent, prosperous.

well-hung best-hung better-hung adj
bien membré bien monté
(informal, vulgar) Having a large penis.

well-known /ˌwɛlˈnoʊn/ /ˌwɛlˈnəʊn/ best-known better-known more well-known most well-known adj
bien connu
Familiar, famous, renowned or widely known.

well-meaning more well-meaning most well-meaning adj
bien intentionné
With good intentions, often used to reflect positively on a negative outcome or situation.

well-nigh /ˌwɛlˈnaɪ/ adv
presque quasiment
Almost, nearly.

well-read best-read better-read more well-read most well-read adj
lettré
Well informed and knowledgeable through having read extensively.

well-rested more well-rested most well-rested adj
bien reposé frais et dispos
Having had sufficient (or even more than enough) sleep or rest to function optimally during waking hours.

well-to-do /ˌwɛltəˈdu/ more well-to-do most well-to-do adj
aisé riche
Rich, prosperous, financially stable and comfortable.

welldigger welldiggers n
puisatier

wellness /ˈwel.nɪs/ /ˈwɛl.nɪs/ wellnesses n
bien-être
The quality or state of being in good health (sometimes emphasizing both health and safety).

wellwater /ˈwɛlwɔːtə(ɹ)/ n
eau de puits
Water taken from a well, i.e. a hole in the ground which acts as a source of water.

wels catfish n
silure silure glane
Silurus glanis, a scaleless fresh-water catfish recognizable by its broad, flat head and wide mouth.

welt /wɛlt/ welts n
marque de coup zébrure
(shoemaking) A strip of leather set into the seam between the outsole of a shoe and the upper, through which these parts are joined by stitching or stapling.

welter /ˈwɛltə/ /ˈwɛltɚ/ adj
welter
Heavyweight. (of horsemen)

welter-weight welter-weights n
poids welter
(boxing) a boxer weighing more than a lightweight boxer and less than a middleweight boxer; someone boxing in the welterweight class

wen /wɛn/ wens n
loupe
A cyst on the skin; a tumor or wart.

wench /wɛnt͡ʃ/ wenches n
fille jeune femme jeune fille
(archaic, now, dialectal, or, humorous, possibly, offensive) A girl or young woman, especially a buxom or lively one.
servante
(archaic) A woman servant; a maidservant.
Marie-couche-toi-là femme de petite vertu femme facile
(archaic) A promiscuous woman; a mistress.
femme de petite vertu prostituée
(archaic) A prostitute.
négresse
(US, archaic, or, historical) A black woman (of any age), especially if in a condition of servitude.

wench /wɛnt͡ʃ/ v
aller au bordel fréquenter des femmes de petite vertu
(intransitive, archaic, now, humorous) To frequent prostitutes; to whore; also, to womanize.

wendigo /ˈwɛndiɡoʊ/ /ˈwɛndɪɡəʊ/ wendigo wendigoes wendigos n
wendigo
(mythological creature) A malevolent and violent cannibal spirit found in Anishinaabe, Ojibwe, and Cree mythology, which is said to inhabit the body of a living person and possess him or her to commit murder.

wenge /ˈwɛnɡe/ n
wenge
A very dark and hard tropical timber, from the tree species Millettia laurentii.

were- /weə(ɹ)/ prefix
garou
lycanthrope, used with animal names to indicate a person who changes shape into that animal.

werebear /ˈwɛəbɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɛɹbɛɹ/ /ˈwɪəbɛə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪɹbɛɹ/ werebears n
ours-garou
(fiction) A shapeshifter who can change between bear and human form

werecat /ˈwɛəkæt/ /ˈwɛɹkæt/ /ˈwɪəkæt/ /ˈwɪɹkæt/ werecats n
chat-garou
(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between cat and human form.

werefox werefoxes n
renard-garou
(mythology) A person who transforms into a fox or foxlike form.

werehyena /ˈwɛəhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɛɹhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɪəhaɪˌiːnə/ /ˈwɪɹhaɪˌiːnə/ werehyenas n
hyène-garou
A mythological or folkloric shapeshifter capable of assuming the shape of a hyena.

werejaguar werejaguars n
jaguar-garou
(fiction, mythology) A shapeshifter who can assume the form of a jaguar.

wereleopard /ˈwɛəlɛpəd/ /ˈwɛɹlɛpɚd/ /ˈwɪəlɛpəd/ /ˈwɪɹlɛpɚd/ wereleopards n
léopard-garou
(fantasy, mythology) A shapeshifter who can change between leopard and human form.

werelion /ˈwɛəlaɪən/ /ˈwɛɹlaɪən/ /ˈwɪəlaɪən/ /ˈwɪɹlaɪən/ werelions n
lion-garou
(fiction) A shapeshifter who can change between lion and human form.

werelioness werelionesses n
lionne-garou
(fiction) A shapeshifter who can change between lioness and human form.

werepanther werepanthers n
panthère-garou
(fiction) A shapeshifter who can change between panther and human form.

wererat /ˈwɛəɹæt/ /ˈwɛɹæt/ /ˈwɪəɹæt/ /ˈwɪɹæt/ wererats n
rat-garou
(fiction) A shapeshifter who can assume the shape of a rat.

weretiger /ˈwɛətaɪɡə/ /ˈwɛɹtaɪɡɚ/ /ˈwɪətaɪɡə/ /ˈwɪɹtaɪɡɚ/ weretigers n
tigre-garou
(fiction, mythological) A creature of Southeast Asian myth; a shapeshifter who can assume the shape of a tiger.

werewolf /ˈwɛəɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɛːwʊlf/ /ˈwɜɹwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəwʊlf/ /ˈwɪəɹwʊlf/ werewolves n
loup-garou lycanthrope garou
(mythology) A person who is transformed or can transform into a wolf or a wolflike human, often said to transform during a full moon.

wergeld /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ɡɛld/ /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ɡɛld/ wergelds n
prix du sang weregild wergeld wergild
(historical, especially in Germanic, _, legal) Compensation thus determined and paid; a reparative payment.

west /wɛst/ adj
vers [[le|l']]ouest
Situated or lying in or toward the west; westward.
occidental
Of or pertaining to the west; western.
From the West; occidental.

west /wɛst/ wests n
ouest occident ponant
The direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, specifically 270°.
The western region or area; the inhabitants thereof. [circa 1300]
(ecclesiastical) In a church: the direction of the gallery, opposite to the altar, and opposite to the direction faced by the priest when celebrating ad orientem.

west by north n
ouest-quart-nord-ouest
The compass point halfway between west and west-northwest, specifically 281.25°, abbreviated as WbN.

west by south n
ouest-quart-sud-ouest
The compass point halfway between west and west-southwest, specifically 258.75°

west-northwest n
ouest-nord-ouest
The compass point halfway between west and northwest; specifically at a bearing of 292.5°.

west-southwest n
ouest-sud-ouest
The compass point halfway between southwest and west; specifically at a bearing of 247.5°.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ adj
occidental
Of, facing, situated in, or related to the west.
(of a wind) Blowing from the west; westerly.

western /ˈwɛstən/ /ˈwɛstɚn/ westerns n
western
A film, or some other dramatic work, set in, the historic (c. 1850–1910) American West (west of the Mississippi river) focusing on conflict between whites and Indians, lawmen and outlaws, ranchers and farmers, or industry (railroads, mining) and agriculture.

western barn owl western barn owls n
chat-huant chouette effraie
A barn owl of the subspecies Tyto alba alba, endemic to western Eurasia and most of Africa.

western capercaillie western capercaillies n
grand tétras petit tétras

western cattle egret western cattle egrets n
Héron garde-bœufs
Bubulcus ibis is a species of heron (family Ardeidae) found in the tropics, subtropics and warm temperate zones.

western diamondback rattlesnake western diamondback rattlesnakes n
crotale diamantin de l'Ouest
Crotalus atrox, a venomous pit viper species found in the United States and Mexico

western gorilla western gorillas n
gorille de l'Ouest

western marsh harrier western marsh harriers n
harpaye
Circus aeruginosus, a large harrier, a bird of prey from temperate and subtropical western Eurasia and adjacent Africa.

western olivaceous warbler western olivaceous warblers n
hypolaïs pâle
Iduna opaca, an Old World warbler.

western sandpiper western sandpipers n
bécasseau d'Alaska
A type of sandpiper, (Calidris mauri)

western slaty antshrike western slaty antshrikes n
batara à nuque noire
A passerine bird of the antbird family, Thamnophilus atrinucha.

westerner westerners n
Occidental occidental
A native or inhabitant of the West, of the Western world—Europe and the Americas. (Also written capitalized as Westerner.)

westernization westernizations n
occidentalisation
The process of assimilation, by a society, of the customs and practices of western culture.

westernize v
occidentaliser
(transitive, intransitive) To render something western in character.

westwork /ˈwɛstwɜːk/ westworks n
massif occidental
(architecture) The vaulted monumental structure at the western end of a church constructed in some medieval styles, flanked by two towers and containing the entrance.

wet /wɛt/ wetter wettest adj
mouillé
Made up of liquid or moisture, usually (but not always) water.
(slang, vulgar, of a female) Sexually aroused and thus having the vulva moistened with vaginal secretions.
(poker slang) Of a board or flop: enabling the creation of many or of strong hands; e.g. containing connectors or suited cards. (Compare dry).
mouillé humide
Of an object, etc.: covered or impregnated with liquid, usually (but not always) water.

wet /wɛt/ v
mouiller
(transitive) To cover or impregnate with liquid.
(transitive) To make (oneself, clothing, a bed, etc.) wet by accidental urination.
se mouiller
(transitive, intransitive) To make or become wet.

wet blanket wet blankets n
pisse-froid rabat-joie
(idiomatic) A person who takes the fun out of a situation or activity, as by pessimism, demands, dullness, etc.

wet cell wet cells n
pile liquide
Any electrochemical cell whose electrolyte is a liquid.

wet cough wet coughs n
toux grasse
Coughing with expectoration of sputum.

wet dock wet docks n
darse
(nautical) A dock that has a constant level of water in which a vessel floats despite the tide; usually achieved by separating the dock from the sea by a lock.

wet dream wet dreams n
pollution nocturne carte de France
An erotic dream bringing the sleeper to orgasm.

wet nurse wet nurses n
nourrice
A woman hired to suckle another woman's child.

wet oneself v
faire pipi dans sa culotte se mouiller s’empipier
To lose control of one's bladder and involuntarily urinate into one's clothing.

wet t-shirt contest wet t-shirt contests n
compétition de tee-shirt mouillé
A contest in which women wear t-shirts that are wet to make them slightly translucent so their breasts are visible, and others judge the women on appearance.

wet the bed /wɛt ðə ˈbɛd/ v
faire pipi au lit mouiller son lit
(idiomatic) To urinate in one's bed (during sleep).

wet wipe wet wipes n
lingette humide
A small moistened piece of paper or cloth for cleaning or personal hygiene, often folded and individually wrapped for convenience.

wetland wetlands n
zone humide
(usually, in the plural) Land that is covered mostly with water, with occasional marshy and soggy areas.

wetness /ˈwɛt.nəs/ wetnesses n
humidité
The condition of being wet.

wetsuit /ˈwɛtˌs(j)ut/ wetsuits n
combinaison de plongée
A close fitting, insulating garment usually made from neoprene or similar material designed to keep one warm during activities on or under water.

wh-movement /ˌdʌbəlju ˈeɪtʃ ˌmuvmənt/ wh-movements n
mouvement qu-
(syntax) a syntactic phenomenon found in many languages around the world, in which interrogative words (sometimes called wh-words) or phrases show a special word order. Unlike ordinary phrases, such wh-words appear at the beginning of an interrogative clause.

wh-question /də-/ /dʌbl̩juː ˈeɪtʃ kwɛst͡ʃən/ /dʌbl̩juː ˈeɪtʃ ˌkwɛst͡ʃən/ /ˈdʌbl̩juː eɪtʃ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən/ wh-questions n
question partielle
(chiefly, linguistics) A question that is introduced by a wh-word (what, where, why, etc.) and cannot be answered by yes or no.

wh-word /ˈdʌbəljuː ˈeɪt͡ʃ ˌwɜː(ɹ)d/ wh-words n
mot interrogatif mot qu-
Any English word that is interrogative, typically beginning with the letters "wh"; a question word.

whack /wæk/ /ʍæk/ whacks n
clac coup
(US, slang) An attempt, a chance, a turn, a go, originally an attempt to beat someone or something.

whack /wæk/ /ʍæk/ v
claquer fesser frapper
To hit, slap or strike.
buter
(sports) To beat convincingly; to thrash.

whale /weɪl/ /ʍeɪl/ whales n
baleine
Any one of numerous large marine mammals comprising an informal group within infraorder Cetacea that usually excludes dolphins and porpoises.

whale on v
s’acharner tabasser
(slang) To strike an opponent heavily and repeatedly in a fight.

whale shark whale sharks n
requin-baleine
A very large spotted shark, Rhincodon typus, of warm marine waters, similar to a whale, that feeds by filtering plankton from the water.

whale watching n
observation des baleines
The practice of observing whales and other cetaceans in their natural habitat.

whalebone whalebones n
fanon
The horny material from the fringed plates of the upper jaw of baleen whales that are used to filter plankton; once used as stays in corsets

whaler /ˈhweɪlə/ /ˈhweɪlɚ/ /ˈweɪlə/ /ˈweɪlɚ/ whalers n
chasseur de baleine chasseuse de baleine
One who hunts whales; a person employed in the whaling industry.
baleinier
A seagoing vessel used for hunting whales.

whaling /ˈweɪlɪŋ/ whalings n
chasse à la baleine
The practice of hunting whales.

whammy /ˈ(h)wæmi/ whammies n
coup dur
a serious or devastating setback

whangdoodle /ˈhwæŋ.duː.dl̩/ /ˈwæŋ.duː.dl̩/ whangdoodles n
Bonhomme sept-heures croquemitaine loup-garou père Fouettard tonton macoute
(often, humorous) A whimsical monster in folklore and children's fiction; a bugbear.
bête noire cauchemar
(obsolete) Term of disparagement

wharf /wɔɹf/ /wɔːf/ /ʍ-/ wharfs wharves n
quai appontement
A man-made landing place for ships on a shore or river bank.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] determiner
quelles quels
quel quelle
(interrogative) Which, especially which of an open-ended set of possibilities.
(exclamative) Used to form exclamations indicating that something is remarkably good or bad.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] interjection
quoi comment
An expression of surprise or disbelief.

what /wɑt/ /wɒt/ /wɔt/ /wɜt/ /wʌt/ /ʍɒt/ /ʍʌt/ [wɑˑt̚˨˩] [wɒʔ(t)] [wʌɾ] [wʌˀ] pronoun
ce que ce qui quoi
(fused relative) That which; those that; the thing(s) that.
quoi que qu'est-ce que quel qu'est-ce qui
(fused relative) Anything that; all that; whatever.
que qui
(relative, nonstandard) That; which; who.

what a lovely day phraseologicalUnit
quelle belle journée
The day is lovely.

what a pity phraseologicalUnit
dommage quel dommage
Used to express regret or disappointment about an unfortunate event or piece of information.

what about adv
et qu'en est-il de
Used to ask someone to consider something or someone that they have apparently not considered.
et quid
To repeat a question but referring to a different subject or object.

what are you doing phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce que tu fais que fais-tu que faites-vous qu’est-ce que vous faites
Used to ask what the interlocutor is currently doing.

what can I say phraseologicalUnit
que veux-tu que voulez-vous
(idiom) Indicating that nothing that could be said would add to or improve the situation.

what date is it today phraseologicalUnit
quelle est la date aujourd'hui
What is the date? (used to request the current date)

what day is it today phraseologicalUnit
quel jour ( }} de la semaine, }} du mois) sommes-nous ?
Used to ask for the current day of the week or of the month.

what do you know phraseologicalUnit
devine quoi
(colloquial, set phrase, rhetorical question, often, sarcastic) What a surprise; guess what?

what do you say phraseologicalUnit
qu'en dis-tu qu'en dites-vous
(idiomatic) Used to ask someone if they are willing to do something.
qu'est-ce qu'on dit
(idiomatic) Used to remind a child to say a polite expression.

what does that have to do with the price of tea in China phraseologicalUnit
aucun rapport avec la choucroute quel rapport avec la choucroute
(rhetorical question, colloquial) Used to indicate that a previous comment is irrelevant or non sequitur.

what does … mean phraseologicalUnit
que signifie … ? que veut dire … ?
Used to ask the meaning of a word (replace “…” with a word).

what doesn't kill you makes you stronger proverb
ce qui ne tue pas rend plus fort
Hardship builds moral character.

what for adv
pourquoi
(colloquial) For what reason; why.

what goes around comes around proverb
on récolte ce que l'on sème qui sème le vent récolte la tempête
A person's actions, whether good or bad, will often have consequences for that person.

what have you pronoun
que sais-je encore quoi que ce soit
(colloquial) Any of several additional, unmentioned things

what if adv
et si
Used to introduce a suggestion or proposal for a future event.
Used to introduce a speculation about a future event.
Used to introduce a speculation about a past event. Often the basis for counterfactual historical interpretations.

what is more adv
de plus de surcroît par ailleurs par surcroît au reste d'autre part
(idiomatic) furthermore, or in addition, moreover.

what is that phraseologicalUnit
c'est quoi qu'est-ce que c'est qu'est-ce?
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see what,‎ was,‎ that.: Asks the interlocutor to identify an indicated object.

what is the Wi-Fi password phraseologicalUnit
quel est le mot de passe du [[Wi-Fi]] ?
Asks someone for the Wi-Fi password.

what is worse adv
pire encore qui pis est

what is your name phraseologicalUnit
comment t'appelles-tu ? comment vous appelez-vous ? quel est ton nom ? quel est votre nom ?
Used to ask the name of a person.

what kind of determiner
quel

what kind of music do you like phraseologicalUnit
quel genre de musique aimes-tu ? quel genre de musique aimez-vous ?
what kind of music do you like?

what languages do you speak phraseologicalUnit
quelles langues parles-tu quelles langues parlez-vous
What are the languages which you can understand and which you can speak or write in?

what now phraseologicalUnit
[[qu'est-ce que|qu'est-ce qu']]il y a encore ? quoi encore ?
Synonym of what do you want? (said out of irritation)

what number adv
combientième quantième
Which, what position (in an ordered series, such as which day of the month or which floor). (This entry is a translation hub.)

what should I do phraseologicalUnit
[[qu'est-ce que]] je devrais faire ?
what should I do?

what someone is made of n
de quel bois quelqu'un se chauffe

what the interjection
c'est quoi ce délire
(by ellipsis) Used to express astonishment or incredulity, as a question or questioning of the situation at hand, without requiring any specific vulgarity as intensifier.

what the fuck interjection
c'est quoi ce bordel ? qu'est-ce que c'est que cette merde ? qu’est-ce que putain de quoi
(vulgar) Used to express astonishment, shock, incredulity, or disbelief (as a shortened form of expressions such as "What the fuck is going on?", "...are you doing?", "…is this?" "…is it?" “…was that?” ”…was it?” or "...is that?").

what the fuck phraseologicalUnit
c'est quoi ce bordel ? qu'est-ce que c'est que cette merde ? qu’est-ce que putain de quoi
(interrogative, vulgar, slang) An intensive form of what.

what the heck phraseologicalUnit
bon sang
(euphemistic) what the hell

what the hell phraseologicalUnit
que diable
(mildly, profane, slang) An intensive form of what.
pourquoi pas
(mildly, profane, slang) Indicating acceptance, indulgence, or insouciance: Why not? Who cares?

what the shit phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce que c'est que cette merde
(interrogative, vulgar, slang) An intensive form of what.

what time is it phraseologicalUnit
quelle heure est-il
What is the time of day? (used to request for the current hour and approximate number of minutes after the hour)

what was that phraseologicalUnit
de quoi
(colloquial) What did you just say? Synonym of say again

what would you like phraseologicalUnit
[[qu’est-ce que]] vous désirez ?
Used to ask the interlocutor what they would like to order, to buy or have a look at.

what you don't know can't hurt you phraseologicalUnit
ce qu'on ignore ne peut pas nous faire de mal

what you see is what you get proverb
ce que tu vois est ce que tu obtiens
(idiomatic, computing) The screen image resembles the printed output.

what's done is done proverb
ce qui est fait est fait le mal est fait

what's going on interjection
qu'est-ce qui se passe
(idiomatic) An informal greeting.

what's it to you phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce que ça peut te faire?
(defensively) Why are you asking? Why do you want to know?.

what's new n
nouveautés
(idiomatic) The latest developments in a particular situation or a person's life.

what's new phraseologicalUnit
quoi de neuf
(informal) An informal greeting asking the other person what has recently happened in their life. A typical response might be "Not much; you?". The greeting is not always literal and may just be used to say hello.

what's not to like phraseologicalUnit
que demande le peuple que demander de mieux que demander de plus

what's on your mind phraseologicalUnit
qu'as-tu à l'esprit qu'est-ce que tu as en tête
What are you thinking about?

what's sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander proverb
sauce bonne pour l'oie est bonne pour le jars
If something is acceptable for one person, it is acceptable for another (often of the opposite sex).

what's that phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce que c'est
(colloquial) What is that?
(colloquial) What was that? Synonym of say again

what's the betting phraseologicalUnit
on parie combien que … ?

what's the good of phraseologicalUnit
à quoi bon
(idiomatic) What is the purpose or advantage of

what's the matter phraseologicalUnit
qu'est-ce qu'il y a ? qu'est-ce qui se passe
(idiomatic) What is wrong? What's the problem?

what's up phraseologicalUnit
quoi de neuf
(idiomatic, colloquial, chiefly, _, US, with up in the sense of "happening") What's happening? What are you doing?

what's your job phraseologicalUnit
quel est ton travail quel est votre travail
Inquires about the subject's current occupation.

what's your phone number phraseologicalUnit
quel est ton numéro de téléphone ? quel est votre numéro de téléphone ?
Asks the interlocutor to give their phone number for subsequent communication.

what's-his-name pronoun
Machin Tartempion c'est-quoi-son-nom comment-qu'il-s'appelle machin trucmuche
A male person or entity whose name one does not remember or want to mention but that is known to the person to which one is speaking.

whataboutism /wət.əˈbaʊt.ɪzəm/ [wə.ɾəˈbaʊ.ɾɪzm̩] whataboutisms n
qu’en-est-ilisme whataboutisme
A logical fallacy where criticisms are deflected by raising corresponding criticisms of the opposite side.

whatchamacallit /ˈwɒtʃəməkɔːlɪt/ /ˈwɔtʃəməkɔːɫət/ /ˈwʌt-/ /ˈwʌt͡ʃməkɑlɪt/ /ˈʍʌt͡ʃəməkɔlɪt/ whatchamacallits n
machin truc bidule machin-chose schmilblick trucmuche
(slang) A metasyntactic term used for any object whose actual name the speaker does not know or cannot remember; a doodad, gizmo, thingamajig, thingy.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ determiner
quoi que
n'importe quel n'importe quelle peu importe quel que soit tant pis
Regardless of the ... that; for any ... that.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ interjection
bof c'est ça ! qu'importe
(colloquial) A holophrastic expression used to dismiss something that the speaker doesn't care about, doesn't think important, or doesn't want to consider or discuss any further.

whatever /t/ /wɒtˈɛvə/ /wəɾˈɛvɚ/ /wʌtˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɒtˈɛvə/ pronoun
n'importe quoi peu importe

whatever it takes n
tout ce qui est nécessaire
(idiomatic, sometimes, _, euphemistic, _, for improper behavior) Anything, including measures which may be extreme or wrongful, that is required to achieve an objective.

whatnot /ˈwɒt.nɒt/ /ˈwʌt.nɑt/ /ˈʍʌt.nɑt/ whatnots n
étagère
A freestanding set of shelves on which ornaments are displayed; an etagere.

whatsoever /ˌ(h)wʌtsoʊˈɛvɚ/ /ˌwɒtsəʊˈɛvə(ɹ)/ adv
d'aucune sorte du tout quelconque
In any way; at all; whatever.

wheat /wiːt/ /ʍiːt/ wheats n
blé froment
(countable) Any of several cereal grains, of the genus Triticum, that yields flour as used in bakery.

wheat flour /ˈwiːt ˌflaʊə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍiːt ˌflaʊə(ɹ)/ wheat flours n
farine de blé farine de froment
Flour made from wheat.

wheat germ n
germe de blé
embryo or nucleus of the wheat kernel.

wheat weevil wheat weevils n
calandre des grains charançon des grains
A common species of weevil (Sitophilus granarius) that occurs worldwide and causes damage to harvested grain.

wheatear /ˈwiːtɪəɹ/ /ˈʍiːtɪəɹ/ wheatears n
traquet traquet motteux
Any of various passerine birds of the genus Oenanthe that feed on insects,

wheel /wil/ /ʍil/ /ʍiːl/ wheels n
roue
A circular device capable of rotating on its axis, facilitating movement or transportation or performing labour in machines.
(automotive) A wheelrim.
barre
A manoeuvre in marching in which the marchers turn in a curving fashion to right or left so that the order of marchers does not change.

wheel /wil/ /ʍil/ /ʍiːl/ v
rouler
(transitive) To roll along on wheels.

wheel clamp wheel clamps n
sabot de Denver
A device locked to the wheel of a motor car to prevent it from being driven; normally used to enforce payment of a traffic violation fine

wheel of Fortune pn
la roue de fortune
A particular card in a tarot deck.

wheel of life wheels of life n
roue de l’existence karmique
(Hinduism, Buddhism, and, Jainism) A mandala, representing the continuous cycle of birth, life and death.

wheelbarrow /ˈwil.bæɹ.oʊ/ wheelbarrows n
brouette
A small, one-wheeled (or rarely, two-wheeled) cart with handles at one end for transporting small loads.

wheelbarrow race wheelbarrow races n
brouette course
A two-member team race in which one team member holds the legs of the other, as if the handles of a wheelbarrow. The team member playing the barrow runs on his/her hands.

wheelbase wheelbases n
empattement
The horizontal distance between the front and rear axles of a road or rail vehicle.

wheelchair /ˈ(h)wilt͡ʃɛɹ/ /ˈwiːlt͡ʃɛə(ɹ)/ wheelchairs n
fauteuil roulant chaise roulante
A chair mounted on large wheels for the transportation or use of a sick or disabled person.
(attributive) Designed for use by wheelchairbound people.

wheelchair basketball n
handibasket
A sport derived from basketball, played by people sitting in wheelchairs.

wheelchair curling n
curling en fauteuil roulant

wheelchair rugby n
rugby en fauteuil roulant rugby-fauteuil
(sport) A variation of rugby played by players in wheelchairs, primarily players with some disability. It is a full-contact sport and is played on a hardwood court with a ball similar to a basketball.

wheeler-dealer wheeler-dealers n
affairiste
(informal) A shrewd political or commercial schemer, especially one who is unscrupulous; a hustler; a shady operator.

wheelhouse /ˈwil-/ /ˈʍilˌhaʊs/ /ˈʍiːlˌhaʊs/ wheelhouses n
timonerie
An enclosed compartment on the deck of a vessel such as a fishing boat, originally housing its helm or steering wheel, from which it may be navigated; on a larger vessel it is the bridge.

wheelie /ˈ(h)wili/ /ˈ(h)wiːli/ wheelies n
roue arrière wheeling
(informal) An action or stunt where a bicycle, motorcycle, or other vehicle is ridden for a short period while it is standing only on its rear wheel or wheels.

wheelwright wheelwrights n
charron
A person who builds and repairs wheels, especially wooden spoked ones.

wheeze /wiːz/ /ʍiːz/ wheezes n
respiration bruyante

wheeze /wiːz/ /ʍiːz/ v
avoir du mal à respirer respirer bruyamment
To breathe hard, and with an audible piping or whistling sound, as persons affected with asthma.

wheezy wheezier wheeziest adj
asthmatique
That wheezes.

whelk /hwɛlk/ /wɛlk/ whelks n
bulot buccin
Certain edible sea snails, especially, any one of numerous species of large marine gastropods belonging to Buccinidae, much used as food in Europe.

whelm /wɛlm/ /ʍɛlm/ v
submerger
(transitive, archaic) To bury, to cover; to engulf, to submerge.
(intransitive, archaic) To overcome with emotion; to overwhelm.

whelp /wɛlp/ /ʍɛlp/ whelps n
chiot petit louveteau louvetelle
A young offspring of a canid (ursid, felid, pinniped), especially of a dog or a wolf, the young of a bear or similar mammal (lion, tiger, seal); a pup, wolf cub.

whelp /wɛlp/ /ʍɛlp/ v
mettre bas
(ambitransitive, of she-dog, she-wolf, vixen, etc.) To give birth.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ adv
quand
(interrogative) At what time? At which time? Upon which occasion or circumstance? Used to introduce direct or indirect questions about time.
(relative) At which, on which, during which: often omitted or replaced with that.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ conjunction
dès que quand
At (or as soon as) that time that; at the (or any and every) time that; if.
quand lorsque
During the time that; at the time of the action of the following clause or participle phrase.
At what time; at which time.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ whens n
quand
The time at which something happens.

when /wɛn/ /wɪn/ /ʍɛn/ /ʍɪn/ pronoun
quand lorsque
(interrogative) What time; which time.

when Hell freezes over adv
quand les poules auront des dents
(idiom, slang, informal, hyperbolic) Never; not in this lifetime or a time in the unforeseeably distant future; not a chance.

when all is said and done phraseologicalUnit
au bout du compte au final en fin de compte finalement
(idiomatic) In the end; ultimately.

when in Rome, do as the Romans do proverb
à Rome, fais comme les Romains autre pays, autre coutume
(strictly) When in a foreign place, suit behavior or appearance to the local culture.
(loosely, idiom) Adapt to the circumstances; follow common custom.

when in doubt, do nowt proverb
dans le doute, abstiens-toi
When faced with a difficult decision, it is better not to take unnecessary risks.

when is closing time phraseologicalUnit
quelle est [[l']]heure de fermeture ?
when is closing time?

when it comes to preposition
en matière de lorsqu'il s'agit de

when life gives you lemons, make lemonade proverb
à la guerre comme à la guerre quand la vie vous donne des citrons, faites de la citronnade
You should always make the best out of difficult situations.

when pigs fly adv
à la Saint Glinglin aux calendes grecques la semaine des quatre jeudis quand les poules auront des dents à Pâques ou à la Trinité à la Saint-Glinglin
(idiomatic) Never.

when the cat's away proverb
quand le chat n'est pas là
Ellipsis of when the cat's away, the mice will play.

when the cat's away the mice will play proverb
le chat parti, les souris dansent quand le chat n'est pas là, les souris dansent
In the absence of a controlling entity, subordinates will take advantage of circumstances.

when the going gets tough, the tough get going proverb
c'est quand le jeu devient dur que les durs commencent à jouer
In difficult times, it is the strong-willed who take action.

whence /wɛns/ /ʍɛns/ adv
d'où
(archaic, formal, or, literary) From where; from which place or source.

whence /wɛns/ /ʍɛns/ conjunction
d'où
(literary, poetic) Used for introducing the result of a fact that has just been stated; thence

whenever /hwəˈnɛvɚ/ /wəˈnɛvə/ /wəˈnɛvɚ/ /wɛnˈɛvə/ /wɛnˈɛvɚ/ adv
n'importe quand
At any time.

whenever /hwəˈnɛvɚ/ /wəˈnɛvə/ /wəˈnɛvɚ/ /wɛnˈɛvə/ /wɛnˈɛvɚ/ conjunction
n'importe quand
At any time that.
à chaque fois que chaque fois que
Every time that.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ adv
d'où
où
Interrogative adverb, used in either a direct or indirect question: in, at or to what place.
In what situation.
(fused relative) The place in, at or to which.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ conjunction
où vers où d'où
In, at or to which place or situation.
où que
In, at or to any place (that); wherever; anywhere.

where /wɛə/ /wɛɚ/ /ʍɛə/ /ʍɛɚ/ wheres n
où
The place in which something happens.

where are we phraseologicalUnit
où sommes-nous
What is our current location?

where are we going phraseologicalUnit
où allons-nous ?
where are we going?

where are you phraseologicalUnit
où es-tu ? où êtes-vous ?
where are you? (used over the phone or while texting, for example)

where are you from phraseologicalUnit
d'où venez-vous ? d'où viens-tu ? tu viens d'où ? vous venez d'où ?
In which country or region were you born or raised?

where are your parents phraseologicalUnit
où sont tes parents ?
where are your parents?

where can I find a hotel phraseologicalUnit
où puis-je trouver un hôtel ?
Please direct me to a hotel.

where do you live phraseologicalUnit
où habites-tu où habitez-vous
Used to ask where the person lives.

where does it hurt phraseologicalUnit
où avez-vous mal ?
Asked to find out where a wounded or ill person is feeling pain.

where does this bus go phraseologicalUnit
où va ce bus ? où va cet autobus ?
Used to ask where the bus is going.

where does this train go phraseologicalUnit
où va ce train ?
Used to ask where the train is going.

where have you been phraseologicalUnit
où êtes-vous allé ?
where have you been?

where is the toilet phraseologicalUnit
où sont les toilettes?

where the shoe pinches phraseologicalUnit
là où le bât blesse

where there is a will there is a way /wɛə-/ /wɛɚ-/ /ʍɛə ˌðɛəɹ ɪz ə ˈwɪl ðɛəɹ ɪz ə ˈweɪ/ /ʍɛɚ ˌðɛɚ ɪz ə ˈwɪl ðɛɚ ɪz ə ˈweɪ/ proverb
quand on veut, on peut vouloir c'est pouvoir à cœur vaillant rien d'impossible
If someone wants or wills something strongly enough, a way can be found to make it happen.

where there's smoke, there's fire proverb
il n’y a pas de fumée sans feu
(UK, US, Australia, Canada, NZ) If there is a hint of something occurring it could indeed be true, but such rumors should be taken with a grain of salt.

where's the beef phraseologicalUnit
et alors
(US, idiomatic) Where is the content? So what?

where's the fire phraseologicalUnit
il n'y a pas le feu au lac rien ne presse

whereabouts /ˈ(h)wɛəɹəˌbaʊts/ /ˌ(h)wɛəɹəˈbaʊts/ whereabouts n
jusque là localité
(with a possessive) Location; where something is situated.

whereafter /wɛəɹˈæftə(ɹ)/ /wɛəɹˈɑːftə(ɹ)/ /ʍɛəɹˈæftə(ɹ)/ /ʍɛəɹˈɑːftə(ɹ)/ adv
après quoi
(formal) After which time or event.

whereas /(h)wɛɹˈæz/ /weəɹˈæz/ /wɛː(ɹ)ˈaz/ conjunction
tandis que alors que
In contrast; whilst on the contrary; although.
alors que compte tenu de en raison de eu égard à vu vu que
(mostly, law) It being the fact that; inasmuch as. (Often used to begin recitals; sometimes emboldened or emphasized as a signifier.)

whereat /wɛəɹˈæt/ conjunction
à quoi
At which, or toward which.

whereby /wɛə(ɹ)ˈbaɪ/ adv
par lequel par quoi
By which.

wherefore /ˈwɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɛə(ɹ)ˌfɔː(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɜːɹˌfɔːɹ/ conjunction
d'où
(archaic) Because of which.

wherefrom adv
à partir de quoi
(archaic) from which; whence

whereinto adv
dans laquelle dans lequel dans lesquelles dans lesquels
Into which.

whereof /(h)wɛɹˈʌv/ /wɛəɹˈɒv/ conjunction
dont
(formal) Of what.
(formal) Of which.
(formal) Of whom.

whereon adv
au dessus de quoi
(archaic) On which, on what.

whereto adv
auquel auxquelles auxquels à laquelle

whereunder adv
au dessus de quoi
(archaic) Under which or what.

wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/ /wɛəˈɹɛvə/ adv
où donc
(interrogative) Where ever; an emphatic form of where.

wherever /(h)wɛɹˈɛvɚ/ /wɛəˈɹɛvə/ conjunction
là où où où que quelque part que
In, at or to any place (that); anywhere.
partout où
In, at or to all places or situations (that); everywhere.

wherewith /wɛəˈwɪð/ /wɛɚˈwɪð/ /wɛɚˈwɪθ/ /ʍɛɚˈwɪð/ /ʍɛɚˈwɪθ/ adv
avec quoi
(archaic) With which; with what.

wherewithal /ˈwɛə.wɪ.ðɔːl/ /ˈwɛɚ.wɪ.ðɑl/ /ˈwɛɚ.wɪ.ðɔl/ /ˈwɛɚ.wɪ.θɑl/ /ˈwɛɚ.wɪ.θɔl/ wherewithals n
moyens
The ability and means required to accomplish some task.

wherry /ˈwɛɹ.i/ /ˈʍɛɹ.i/ wherries n
chaland
A liquor made from the pulp of crab apples after the verjuice is extracted.

whet /ˈwɛt/ /ˈʍɛt/ [ˈwɛ(ʔ)t̚] [ˈʍɛ(ʔ)t̚] v
aiguiser
(transitive) To hone or rub on with some substance, as a piece of stone, for the purpose of sharpening – see whetstone.

whether /ˈwɛðə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɛðə(ɹ)/ conjunction
si que si oui ou non soit
Without a correlative, introduces a simple indirect question.
si que
Introduces a disjunctive adverbial clause qualifying the main clause (with correlative or).

whetstone /wɛtstəʊn/ /ˈwɛtˌstoʊn/ /ˈʍɛtˌstoʊn/ [ˈwɛʔˌstoʊn] [ˈʍɛʔˌstoʊn] whetstones n
aiguisoir pierre à aiguiser
A sharpening stone; a hard stone or piece of synthetically bonded hard minerals that has been formed with at least one flat surface, used to sharpen or hone an edged tool.

whew /fjuː/ /hwjuː/ [ɸĭ̥ŭ̥] [ʍĭ̥ŭ̥] interjection
ouf
An expressive sound made indicating the release of one's inner tension; the release of breath; an expression of relief.

whey /hweɪ/ /weɪ/ wheys n
petit-lait lactosérum
The liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained in the process of making cheese.

which /wɪt͡ʃ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃ/ determiner
quel quelle quelles quels
(interrogative) What, of those mentioned or implied.
lequel laquelle lesquelles lesquels
(relative, formal, _, outside certain phrases) Designates the one(s) previously mentioned.

which /wɪt͡ʃ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃ/ pronoun
quel que
(interrogative) What one or ones (of those mentioned or implied).
que qui
(relative, mostly, archaic) Used of people (now generally who, whom, that; which remains possible with words also referred to by it like baby, child).

whichever /wɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/ determiner
n'importe quel

whichever /wɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/ /ʍɪt͡ʃˈɛvɚ/ pronoun
n'importe lequel quel que soit celui qui quelle que soit celle qui

whiff /(h)wɪf/ whiffs n
souffle
A brief, gentle breeze; a light gust of air; a waft.
bouffée
A short inhalation or exhalation of breath, especially when accompanied by smoke from a cigarette or pipe.
effluve
An odour (usually unpleasant) carried briefly through the air.

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ conjunction
pendant que tandis que alors que tant
During the same time that.
tandis que bien que quoique
Although.
tant que
As long as.

while /waɪl/ /ʍaɪl/ whiles n
moment
An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.

while away v
passer le temps

while loop while loops n
boucle while
(programming) A section of computer code in which an instruction or group of instructions is repeated only while a certain condition continues to be met.

while one is at it conjunction
tant qu'on y est tant qu'à faire

whim /(h)wɪm/ whims n
lubie caprice
A fanciful impulse, or sudden change of idea.

whimbrel /ˈʍɪmbɹɜl/ whimbrels n
courlis corlieu
A large migratory wading bird, Numenius phaeopus, of the family Scolopacidae, with a long downcurved bill.

whimper /ˈwɪmpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɪmpə(ɹ)/ whimpers n
gémissement
A low intermittent sob.

whimper /ˈwɪmpə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɪmpə(ɹ)/ v
gémir pleurnicher
To cry or sob softly and intermittently.

whimsical /ˈwɪmzɪkəl/ more whimsical most whimsical adj
étrange amusant capricieux drôle lunatique
Given to whimsy.

whimsy /ˈwɪmzi/ /ˈʍɪmzi/ whimsies n
fantaisie
A quaint and fanciful idea; a whim; playfully odd behaviour.

whinchat whinchats n
tarier des prés
A small Old World songbird, Saxicola rubetra, that feeds on insects.

whine /waɪn/ /ʍaɪn/ [ʍäːn] [ʍɑe̯n] [ʍʌɪ̯n] whines n
geignement pleurnicherie
A long-drawn, high-pitched complaining cry or sound.

whine /waɪn/ /ʍaɪn/ [ʍäːn] [ʍɑe̯n] [ʍʌɪ̯n] v
pleurnicher geindre couiner
(intransitive) To complain or protest with a whine or as if with a whine.

whinnying whinnyings n
hénissement
A gentle neighing.

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ whips n
fouet
A lash; a pliant, flexible instrument, such as a rod (commonly of cane or rattan) or a plaited or braided rope or thong (commonly of leather) used to create a sharp "crack" sound for directing or herding animals.
whip
(politics) A member of a political party who is in charge of enforcing the party's policies in votes.

whip /wɪp/ /ʍɪp/ v
fouetter flageller
(transitive) To hit with a whip.
battre fouetter
(transitive) To mix in a rapid aerating fashion, especially food.
défaire
To thrash; to beat out, as grain, by striking.

whiplash /ˈwɪp.ˌlæʃ/ /ˈʍɪp.ˌlæʃ/ whiplashes n
coup de fouet coup du lapin traumatisme cervical
(countable) The lash of a whip.
coup de fouet
An injury to the upper spine connected to a violent jerk of the head in either a backward or forward or side to side direction, resembling the motion of a whip.

whipped cream whipped creams n
crème fouettée chantilly crème chantilly
Thick cream that has had air incorporated into it by rapid beating.

whipping boy whipping boys n
souffre-douleur lampiste pigeon
(transferred sense) Someone punished for the errors of others.

whippoorwill /ˈwɪp.əˌwɪl/ /ˈwɪp.ɚˌwɪl/ /ˈʍɪp.ɚˌwɪl/ whippoorwills n
bois-pourri
The distinctive call of the above bird.

whipstaff /ˈwɪpstɑːf/ /ˈʍɪpstɑːf/ whipstaffs whipstaves n
fouet timon
(nautical) A bar, going through the poopdeck, attached orthogonally to the tiller for steering a ship.

whirl /(h)wɝl/ /wɜːl/ /ʍɜːl/ /ˈʍɪɾ(ə̯)l/ v
tourbillonner
(intransitive) To rotate, revolve, spin or turn rapidly.

whirlpool /ˈhwɝlpul/ /ˈwɜːlpuːl/ /ˈwɝlpul/ whirlpools n
tourbillon
A swirling body of water.

whirlwind /ˈ(h)wɝlwɪnd/ /ˈwɜːlwɪnd/ whirlwinds n
cyclone tourbillon
A violent windstorm of limited extent, as the tornado, characterized by an inward spiral motion of the air with an upward current in the center; a vortex of air. It usually has a rapid progressive motion.

whirlybird whirlybirds n
banane
(slang) A helicopter.

whirr /wɜː/ /wɝ/ /ʍɝ/ v
vrombir
To move or vibrate (something) with a buzzing sound.

whisk /(h)wɪsk/ whisks n
fouet
A kitchen utensil, now usually made from stiff wire loops fixed to a handle (and formerly of twigs), used for whipping (or a mechanical device with the same function).
balayette
A small handheld broom with a small (or no) handle.

whisk /(h)wɪsk/ v
balayer
(transitive) To move something with quick light sweeping motions.
fouetter
(transitive) In cooking, to whip e.g. eggs or cream.

whisker /wɪskə(ɹ)/ /ʍɪskə(ɹ)/ whiskers n
poil de barbe favoris
That part of the beard which grows upon the sides of the face, usually of the male, or upon the chin, or upon both.
moustache vibrisse
One of the long, projecting hairs growing at the sides of the mouth of a cat, or other animal.
cheveu de justesse d’un poil
(colloquial) The (very small) distance between two things.
barbe
(metallurgy) A small tendril that forms on metal.

whiskered more whiskered most whiskered adj
barbu
Possessed of whiskers; covered in bristles.

whiskered tern whiskered terns n
Guifette moustac
Chlidonias hybrida, a species of tern in the family Laridae.

whiskey /ˈwɪski/ /ˈʍɪski/ whiskeys whiskies n
whisky
(Ireland, US, England) A drink of whiskey.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ whispers n
chuchotement
The act of speaking in a quiet voice, especially, without vibration of the vocal cords.

whisper /ˈ(h)wɪspə/ /ˈ(h)wɪspɚ/ v
chuchoter susurrer murmurer
(transitive, obsolete) To address in a whisper, or low voice.

whisperer whisperers n
chuchoteur chuchoteuse
Someone who whispers.

whispering /ˈ(h)wɪspəɹɪŋ/ whisperings n
chuchotement
Something that is whispered; gossip; a rumor.

whispering gallery whispering galleries n
galerie des murmures

whist /wɪst/ /ʍɪst/ whists n
whist
Any of several four-player card games, similar to bridge.
A session of playing this card game.

whistle /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪsl̩/ whistles n
sifflet
A device designed to be placed in the mouth and blown, or driven by steam or some other mechanism, to make a whistling sound.
siffler
An act of whistling.
sifflet sifflement sifflements
Any high-pitched sound similar to the sound made by whistling.

whistle /wɪsl̩/ /ʍɪsl̩/ v
siffler
(ambitransitive) To make a shrill, high-pitched sound by forcing air through the mouth. To produce a whistling sound, restrictions to the flow of air are created using the teeth, tongue and lips.
(intransitive) To move in such a way as to create a whistling sound.

whistle for v
pouvoir toujours courir

whistle past the graveyard v
arriver comme une fleur regarder ailleurs
(idiomatic, US) To attempt to stay cheerful in a dire situation; to proceed with a task, ignoring an upcoming hazard, hoping for a good outcome.

whistle-blower whistle-blowers n
dénonciateur lanceur d'alerte dénonciatrice lanceuse d'alerte
(slang, chiefly, US) One who reports a problem or violation to the authorities; especially, an employee or former employee who reports a violation by an employer.

whistler /ˈwɪslə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɪslə(ɹ)/ whistlers n
siffleur
Someone or something that whistles, or who plays a whistle as a musical instrument.

whit /wɪt/ /ʍɪt/ whits n
once
The smallest part or particle imaginable; an iota.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ more white most white whiter whitest adj
blanc blanche
Bright and colourless; reflecting equal quantities of all frequencies of visible light.
(sometimes capitalized) Of or relating to Europeans or those of European descent, regardless if their skin has cool or warm undertones.

white /waɪt/ /ʍaɪt/ whites n
blanc blanche
The color/colour of snow or milk; the colour of light containing equal amounts of all visible wavelengths.
A person of European descent with light-coloured skin.
blanche
(slang, US, UK) Cocaine.
(archery) The central part of the butt, which was formerly painted white; the centre of a mark at which a missile is shot.
A feather, from the wing of the cock ostrich, that is of the palest possible shade.

white Christmas white Christmases n
Noël blanc
A Christmas Day or Christmas Eve on which there is a ground covering of snow or snowfall.

white arsenic n
oxyde blanc d'arsenic
arsenic trioxide, arsenious acid

white as a sheet adj
blanc comme un linge blanc de peur
(simile, said of a human's complexion) Very white or pale, as if suffering from shock.

white blood cell white blood cells n
globule blanc
(hematology, cytology, immunology) A type of blood cell that is involved with an immune response, or part of the immune system.

white bread white breads n
pain blanc pain de mie
Bread made from white flour.

white bream white bream white breams n
petite brême
A European species of fish in the Cyprinidae family (Blicca bjoerkna, syn. Abramis bjoerkna, Cyprinus bjoerkna).

white cabbage white cabbages n
chou blanc
(countable, uncountable) Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba, a cabbage plant with white leaves grown in northern and central Europe.

white campion white campions n
compagnon blanc
A flowering plant, Silene latifolia, in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and Northern Africa.

white chocolate white chocolates n
chocolat blanc
(uncountable) A food made from cocoa butter, milk, and sugar, having no cocoa solids.

white clover white clovers n
trèfle blanc
A species of clover, Trifolium repens, native to much of Europe, North Africa and parts of Asia and introduced elsewhere as a pasture crop.

white coat white coats n
robe blanche
A white, knee-length coat worn by laboratory workers etc as protection.

white coffee white coffees n
café au lait café noisette noisette
(uncountable) Coffee (the drink) with milk added.

white currant /waɪtˈkʌɹənt/ /ˈwaɪtkʌɹənt/ white currants n
groseillier à grappes
A deciduous shrub, a less sour and colourless cultivar of Ribes rubrum (red currant), though sometimes named Ribes sativum or Ribes silvestre, and sold as a different fruit.
groseille blanche
The white translucent edible berry of this bush.

white dwarf white dwarfs n
naine blanche
(star) A dying star of low or medium mass, more solid and dense but dimmer than the Sun.

white elephant white elephants n
éléphant blanc
An albino elephant.
(idiomatic) A possession that is unwanted or is a financial burden; an unprofitable investment.

white flag white flags n
drapeau blanc
A flag with a white color, used as a symbol of truce or surrender.

white genocide white genocides n
génocide blanc
(white supremacy) A supposed plot to eliminate the white race using a variety of means including, but not limited to, miscegenation, immigration, assimilation, multiculturalism and violence.

white gold white golds n
or blanc
(countable) Any precious metal alloy consisting of gold and a platinum group metal such as platinum or palladium or other white metal such as nickel.

white goosefoot n
chénopode blanc
Chenopodium album, probably native to Europe, now widely cultivated.

white guilt n
culpabilité blanche
The individual or collective guilt felt by some white people for harm resulting from past or current racist treatment of other ethnicities by white people. [from 1960s]

white hole white holes n
trou blanc
(astrophysics) A theoretically possible, but physically highly unlikely, singularity from which matter and energy are able to escape but unable to enter; the antithesis of a black hole.

white iron white irons n
fonte blanche
A kind of cast iron that contains carbon as cementite, unlike gray iron, which contains carbon as graphite.

white knight v
chevalier blanc
(figurative, derogatory) To unnecessarily defend someone, especially in an attempt to gain favour.

white lead n
blanc de Saturne blanc de plomb céruse
A basic lead carbonate formerly widely used for a white pigment in paint.

white lie white lies n
pieux mensonge mensonge officieux
(idiomatic) A deliberately untrue statement which is intended to produce a favorable result; especially, one which is judged to be better than an overhonest alternative, as for example to remain polite in a superficial social exchange, or to choose one's battles.

white light white lights n
lumière blanche
(uncountable) Light, having a mixture of frequencies, being perceived as having no specific colour; such as sunlight.

white magic n
magie blanche
(idiomatic) Magic derived from good or benign forces, as distinct from evil or malevolent forces; or magic performed with the intention of doing good or giving aid.

white magick n
magie blanche
(Wicca) Any magick used for good purposes

white man's burden n
fardeau de l'homme blanc
The supposed responsibility of European people to govern and care for their colonial subjects.

white marriage white marriages n
mariage blanc
(idiomatic) An unconsummated marriage.

white mulberry white mulberries n
mûrier blanc
A short-lived mulberry tree of species Morus alba, native to northern China, used in traditional Chinese medicine, that yields berries that are paler than other mulberries, even when ripe.

white mustard n
moutarde blanche
Sinapis alba, an annual mustard of the family Brassicaceae.

white night white nights n
nuit blanche
A sleepless night.

white oak white oaks n
chêne blanc
(usually, countable) A similar oak tree in a subgenus, Quercus subg. Quercus, especially section Quercus.

white pages white pages n
pages blanches
The telephone directory (or section of a larger directory) that lists residential numbers.

white paper white papers n
livre blanc
(management, marketing) A factual write-up of something, specifically devoid of the appearance of marketing.
(British, Ireland, European Union, government, politics) A parliamentary document announcing government policy.

white pepper white peppers n
poivre blanc
A spice consisting of the light-colored seed of the black pepper fruit without the dark-colored pulp and skin. Used as a spice in light colored foods such as cream sauces.

white rhinoceros white rhinoceros white rhinoceroses n
rhinocéros blanc
An African species of rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum).

white rice white rices n
riz blanc
Rice which has had the brownish hull polished off, leaving a white-colored grain.

white sage white sages n
sauge blanche
A sage native to southern California and neighboring Baja California west of the desert, Salvia apiana, an important nectar source for sage honey and used by the local Indians for its edible seeds, medicinally, and for burning to provide smoke for ritual purification in ceremonies. It is also grown as a drought-tolerant small shrub in local gardens.

white sauce white sauces n
sauce blanche
A simple sauce made from flour, milk and butter; Béchamel sauce.

white smoke n
fumée blanche
The announcement to the outside world that a conclave has chosen a new Pope.

white smoker white smokers n
fumeur blanc

white spirit n
white spirit
A transparent liquid derived from paraffin, used as a solvent in painting and decorating.

white stork /waɪt stɔɹk/ /waɪt stɔːk/ white storks n
cigogne blanche
A large wading bird, Ciconia ciconia, that winters in Africa and breeds in Europe; in European folklore, it delivers babies.

white sugar white sugars n
sucre blanc

white supremacy n
suprématie blanche
The ideology which holds that the white race is superior to all others.

white tea white teas n
thé blanc
The leaves of a tea plant which have been processed in a manner to let them wilt slightly and lose their "grassy" taste of green tea while undergoing minimal oxidation.
A drink brewed from these tea leaves.
Boiled water; hot water served as a hot beverage.

white terror white terrors n
terreur blanche
(politics) Coordinated violence committed against (actual or imagined) socialists and their sympathizers.

white tie n
frac queue-de-pie

white trash n
déchet blanc white trash
(US, idiomatic, pejorative, ethnic slur, offensive) A poorly educated white person or, collectively, white people of low social status and often regarded as lazy, irresponsible, incompetent, etc.

white water n
eau vive
Any turbulent or frothy water as found in river rapids or surf.

white willow white willows n
saule blanc
A willow native to Europe and western Asia (Salix alba).

white wine white wines n
vin blanc
Light-coloured wine (usually yellow with a hint of green but not pink).

white-bearded antshrike white-bearded antshrikes n
batara à poitrine noire
A passerine bird (Biatas nigropectus) of the antbird family.

white-bellied tit white-bellied tits n
mésange à ventre blanc
Melaniparus albiventris, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-billed diver white-billed divers n
plongeon à bec blanc
Gavia adamsii, the largest member of the loon or diver family, having a black head, white underparts and checkered black-and-white mantle.

white-blue-white flag white-blue-white flags n
drapeau blanc-bleu-blanc
(neologism) A symbol of opposition to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that has been used by Russian anti-war protester, as well as a symbol of opposition to the current government of Russia, by several personal internet accounts.

white-browed tit white-browed tits n
mésange à sourcils blancs
Poecile superciliosus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-collar more white-collar most white-collar adj
col blanc
Of or pertaining to office work and workers; contrasted with blue-collar.

white-collar crime white-collar crimes n
délinquance en col blanc
Non-violent crime, generally for personal gain and often involving money. [from 1939]

white-crowned plover white-crowned plovers n
vanneau à tête blanche
(Vanellus albiceps), a bird, a medium-sized wader, which despite its name is a lapwing rather than a typical plover.

white-eyed gull white-eyed gulls n
goéland à iris blanc
Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus, a small gull that is endemic to the Red Sea.

white-flippered penguin white-flippered penguins n
manchot à ailerons blancs
A subspecies of small penguin, Eudyptula minor albosignata, with distinctive white marks on the flippers, which breed on South Island.

white-haired adj
chenu
Having white hair, especially from old age.

white-naped tit white-naped tits n
mésange à ailes blanches
Machlolophus nuchalis, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

white-nosed coati white-nosed coatis n
coati à museau blanc coati à nez blanc
A common species of coati (Nasua narica), native to many wooded areas of the Americas.

white-rumped hawk white-rumped hawks n
buse cul-blanc
Buteo leucorrhous, a species of bird of prey in the Accipitridae family found in South America.

white-rumped sandpiper white-rumped sandpipers n
bécasseau à croupion blanc
A type of sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis).

white-shouldered antshrike white-shouldered antshrikes n
batara à épaulettes blanches
A passerine bird of the antbird family (Thamnophilus aethiops).

white-tailed deer white-tailed deer n
cerf de Virginie chevreuil
A medium-sized deer found throughout most of North and Central America and northern portions of South America; Odocoileus virginianus.

white-tailed eagle white-tailed eagles n
pygargue à queue blanche
A sea-eagle with a distinctive white tail; (Haliaeetus albicilla).

white-tailed hawk white-tailed hawks n
buse à queue blanche
Buteo albicaudatus, a species of hawk found in tropical or subtropical environments across the Americas

white-tailed lapwing white-tailed lapwings n
vanneau à queue blanche
Vanellus leucurus, a marshland bird species of central Asia.

white-throated dipper white-throated dippers n
cincle plongeur
Cinclus cinclus, an aquatic passerine bird found in Europe, Middle East, Central Asia and the Indian Subcontinent.

white-throated hawk white-throated hawks n
buse à gorge blanche
Buteo albigula, a species of hawk living in the Andes mountains of South America

white-throated robin white-throated robins n
iranie à gorge blanche
Irania gutturalis, a flycatcher breeding in western Asia and overwinters in East Africa

white-throated sparrow white-throated sparrows n
bruant à gorge blanche
Zonotrichia albicollis, a passerine bird in the passerine family Passerellidae.

white-winged tern white-winged terns n
Guifette leucoptère
Chlidonias leucopterus, a species of tern in the family Laridae.

whitebait whitebaits n
blanchaille petite friture
The young of various species of fish, especially herrings, sprats or smelts

whitebeam /ˈwaɪtˌbim/ /ˈwaɪtˌbiːm/ whitebeams n
alisier blanc alisier allouchier
Any of various deciduous trees of the genus Sorbus subg. Aria (now Aria edulis), native to Eurasia, especially common whitebeam.

whiteboard /ˈwaɪtbɔɹd/ /ˈwaɪtbɔːd/ whiteboards n
tableau blanc tableau
(by extension, computing) A collaborative tool allowing several users to write and draw on the same shared display.

whitefly whiteflies n
mouche blanche
Any of various small insects of the family Aleyrodidae that have long wings, and a white body; often a garden pest

whitelist whitelists n
liste blanche liste verte
(legal, computing) A list or collection of people or entities that are known, trusted, or explicitly permitted.

whiten /ˈ(h)waɪ̯.tən/ [ˈ(h)waɪ̯tn̩] [ˈ(h)waɪ̯ʔn̩] v
blanchir
(ergative) (To cause) to become white or whiter; to bleach or blanch.

whitener whiteners n
blanchissant
(countable, uncountable) Any substance used to whiten something; a bleach.

whiteness /ˈwaɪtnəs/ /ˈʍaɪtnəs/ whitenesses n
blancheur blanchitude blanchité
The state or quality of being white (all senses).
(sociology) The quality of being white (in the racial sense).

whitening /ˈhwaɪtnɪŋ/ /ˈhwaɪtn̩ɪŋ/ /ˈwaɪtnɪŋ/ /ˈwaɪtn̩ɪŋ/ whitenings n
blanchiment blanchissement
The process of making something white or whiter.

whiteout whiteouts n
blanc dehors
A heavy snowstorm; a blizzard.
blanc dehors jour blanc temps laiteux voile blanc
Any weather condition in which visibility and contrast are severely reduced by snow or sand causing the horizon and physical features of the terrain to disappear.

whitetip reef shark whitetip reef sharks n
requin corail
Any of species Triaenodon obesus of small requiem sharks.

whitewash /ˈwaɪtwɒʃ/ whitewashes n
badigeon lait de chaux
A lime and water mixture for painting walls and fences bright white.
blanchir
(politics) A campaign to paper over unfavorable elements; (everyday life) pretense.

whitewash /ˈwaɪtwɒʃ/ v
badigeonner
To paint over with a lime and water mixture so as to brighten up a wall or fence.
blanchir
(figurative) To cover over errors or bad actions.

whither /ˈwɪðə/ /ˈwɪðɚ/ /ˈʍɪðə/ /ˈʍɪðɚ/ adv
où
(archaic, formal, poetic, or, literary) To what place.

whiting /ˈwaɪtɪŋ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪŋ/ whiting whitings n
merlan
A fish, Merlangius merlangus (family Gadidae), similar to cod, found in the North Atlantic; English whiting (US).

whitish /ˈwaɪtɪʃ/ /ˈʍaɪtɪʃ/ more whitish most whitish adj
blanchâtre
Somewhat white, pale or almost white.

whitlow /ˈwɪt.loʊ/ /ˈʍɪt.loʊ/ whitlows n
panaris
An infection near or under the cuticle of a fingernail or toenail.

whittle /ˈwɪtəl/ /ˈʍɪtəl/ v
tailler
(transitive, or, intransitive) To cut or shape wood with a knife.

whiz /wɪz/ whizzes n
génie
(informal) Someone who is remarkably skilled at something.

who /hu/ /huː/ pronoun
qui
(fused relative, archaic, or, marginal) Whoever, he who, they who.

who are you phraseologicalUnit
qui es-tu qui êtes-vous tu es qui vous êtes qui
Asks the interlocutor for their identification

who goes there phraseologicalUnit
qui va là ? qui vive ?

who knows phraseologicalUnit
qui sait
A rhetorical question asked to show that the person asking it neither knows the answer nor knows who might.
A rhetorical question asked to express the idea that anything is possible or that anything could happen.

who would have thunk it /ˈhuː wʊd həv ˈθʌŋk ɪt/ phraseologicalUnit
qui l'eût cru
(colloquial, sometimes, sarcastic) A rhetorical question used to express incredulity: who would have guessed it?; who would have thought that would happen?

whoa /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ /ʍoʊ/ /ʍəʊ/ interjection
ho holà stop
Stop (especially when commanding a horse or imitative thereof); calm down; slow down.
ouah
An expression of surprise.

whodunit /ˌhuːˈdʌn.ɪt/ whodunits n
roman policier
A novel or drama concerning a crime (usually a murder) in which a detective follows clues to determine the perpetrator.

whoever /huˈɛvə/ /huˈɛvɚ/ pronoun
qui que ce soit quiconque
(fused relative) Any person or persons that.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] more whole most whole wholer wholest adj
entier tout
Entire, undivided.
entier
(of food) From which none of its constituents has been removed.

whole /hoʊl/ /həʊl/ [hoʊɫ] [hɒʊɫ] [həʊɫ] wholes n
totalité ensemble
Something complete, without any parts missing.

whole milk whole milks n
lait entier
Milk from which none of its constituents (e.g. fat) has been removed.

whole shebang whole shebangs n
tout le bataclan
(idiomatic, with "the") Everything; the entire thing.

wholegrain wholegrains n
entier grain entier
A cereal grain that contains cereal germ, endosperm, and bran, in contrast to refined grains, which retain only the endosperm.

wholehearted /ˌhəʊlˈhɑː(ɹ)t.əd/ more wholehearted most wholehearted adj
ca veni dû cori qui vient du cœur sans réserve épanoui
Having no reservations; showing unconditional and enthusiastic support.

wholeheartedly /ˌhəʊlˈhɑː(ɹ)t.ɪd.li/ more wholeheartedly most wholeheartedly adv
de tout cœur sans réserve à corps perdu
In a wholehearted manner; enthusiastically; without reserve.

wholemeal bread wholemeal breads n
pain complet
(cuisine) Bread made from wholemeal flour, having had none of the bran or germ removed.

wholeness wholenesses n
entièreté
The quality of being whole.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ more wholesale most wholesale adj
en gros
Of or relating to sale in large quantities, for resale.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ more wholesale most wholesale adv
en gros
In bulk or large quantity.

wholesale /ˈhoʊlseɪl/ wholesales n
vente en gros
(business) The sale of products, often in large quantities, to retailers or other merchants.

wholesaler wholesalers n
grossiste
A person or company that buys merchandise from manufacturers, importers, or distributors and resells the merchandise to retail businesses and to business and institutional end users.

wholesome /ˈhol.səm/ more wholesome most wholesome wholesomer wholesomest adj
sain salubre
Promoting good physical health and well-being.
vertueux
Favourable to morals, religion or prosperity; sensible; conducive to good; salutary; promoting virtue or being virtuous.
sain
Marked by wholeness; sound and healthy.

whom /huːm/ pronoun
que
As the object of a preposition.
As the object of a verb.
(relative) Used to refer to a previously mentioned person or people.
(fused relative, archaic, _, outside set patterns) The person(s) whom; whomever.
qui
(interrogative) What person or people; which person or people.

whomever /humˈɛvɚ/ pronoun
n'importe qui
Whatever person or persons (as object of verb or preposition).

whoop /huːp/ /wuːp/ /ʍuːp/ whoops n
hurlement
A loud, eager cry, usually of joy.

whoop /huːp/ /wuːp/ /ʍuːp/ v
hurler
(intransitive) To make a whoop.

whoopee /wʊpi/ /ʍupi/ /ʍʊpi/ interjection
youpi
A spontaneous expression of delight or joy.

whoopee /wʊpi/ /ʍupi/ /ʍʊpi/ v
youpi
To behave exuberantly; to make whoopee.

whoopee cushion whoopee cushions n
coussin péteur
An inflatable bag containing a valve at its neck that retains the air in the bag until pressure is put on it (usually by someone unintentionally sitting on it after it has been placed on a chair by someone else as a practical joke), when the air is expelled with a sound similar to that of someone farting (breaking wind).

whooper swan /ˈhuːpə(ɹ) swɒn/ whooper swans n
cygne chanteur
A species of swan, Cygnus cygnus, of the taxonomic family Anatidae.

whoopie cushion whoopie cushions n
coussin péteur

whooping cough /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɒf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ /ˈhuːpɪŋ ˌkɔːf/ /ˈwʊpɪŋ ˌkɔf/ whooping coughs n
coqueluche
(disease) A contagious disease of the respiratory system that usually affects children caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, the advanced stage of which is characterised by spasms of coughing followed by a whooping sound during the intake of breath.

whooping crane whooping cranes n
grue américaine grue canadienne
Grus americana, a species of crane native to North America.

whoosh /wuːʃ/ /wʊʃ/ /ʍuːʃ/ /ʍʊʃ/ whooshes n
sifflement
A breathy sound like that of an object passing at high speed.

whopper /ˈwɑ.pɚ/ /ˈwɒp.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈʍɑ.pɚ/ /ˈʍɒp.ə(ɹ)/ whoppers n
énormité
(informal) An outrageous or blatant lie.

whopping /ˈ(h)wɑpɪŋ/ /ˈ(h)wɒpɪŋ/ adj
considérable gigantesque immense incommensurable énorme
(colloquial) Exceptionally great or large.

whore /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoʊ/ /hɔɹ/ /hɔː/ /hʊə/ /hʊɹ/ whores n
pute cocotte roulure salope garce morue
putain salopard saloparde
(vulgar, pejorative) A person who is unscrupulous, especially one who compromises their principles for gain.

whore /ho(ː)ɹ/ /hoə/ /hoʊ/ /hɔɹ/ /hɔː/ /hʊə/ /hʊɹ/ v
prostituer putasser
(intransitive, vulgar) To prostitute oneself.
aller aux putes
(intransitive, vulgar) To engage the services of a prostitute.

whore around v
putasser
(intransitive, offensive) To regularly copulate with people that one is not in a relationship with.

whoremonger /ˈhɔɹˌmɑŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhɔɹˌmʌŋ.ɡɚ/ /ˈhɔːˌmʌŋ.ɡə/ whoremongers n
micheton
(British, vulgar) A frequent customer of whores.
maquereau proxénète
(British, vulgar) A procurer of whores; a pimp.

whorish /ˈhɔɹɪʃ/ more whorish most whorish adj
putassier
(vulgar) Resembling or befitting a whore.

whorl /(h)wɔː(ɹ)l/ /(h)wɜː(ɹ)l/ whorls n
volute
Each circle, volution or equivalent in a pattern of concentric circles, ovals, arcs, or a spiral.
verticille
(botany) A circle of three or more leaves, flowers, or other organs, about the same part or joint of a stem.
tour de spire
(zoology) A volution, or turn, of the spire of a univalve shell.
fusaïole
A flywheel, a weight attached to a spindle. [from c. 1460]

whortleberry /ˈhɜːtl̩bəɹi/ /ˈwɜːtl̩bəɹi/ /ˈwɝtl̩bɛɹi/ /ˈʍɝtl̩-/ whortleberries n
myrtille
A berry of one of these shrubs.

whose /huːz/ determiner
à qui
(interrogative) Of whom, belonging to whom; which person's or people's.
dont duquel de qui
(relative) Of whom, belonging to whom.
dont duquel de laquelle desquelles desquels
(relative) Of which, belonging to which.

whose /huːz/ pronoun
à qui?
(interrogative) That or those of whom or belonging to whom.
(relative) That or those of whom or belonging to whom.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ adv
pourquoi
(interrogative) For what cause, reason, or purpose.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ interjection
ah bah eh bien ha oh pardi
(dated, or, literary) An exclamation used to express pleasant or unpleasant mild surprise, indignation, or impatience.

why /waɪ/ /ʍaɪ/ why's whys n
pourquoi
Reason.

why not adv
pourquoi pas
Why is that not true?
(rhetorical) Used to state that one has no objection to and approves of a proposal.
pourquoi ne pas
(rhetorical) Used to introduce a proposal.

whys and wherefores n
pourquoi du comment

wiccaning wiccanings n
baptême wiccan
(Wicca) A Wiccan ritual analogous to baptism for infants.

wick /wɪk/ wicks n
mèche mèche de bougie
A bundle, twist, braid, or woven strip of cord, fabric, fibre, or other porous material in a candle, oil lamp, kerosene heater, or the like, that draws up liquid fuel, such as melted tallow, wax, or the oil, delivering it to the base of the flame for conversion to gases and burning; any other length of material burned for illumination in small successive portions.

wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ more wicked most wicked wickeder wickedest adj
méchant
Evil or mischievous by nature.
chanmé génial mortel sensass super
(slang) Excellent; awesome; masterful.

wicked /ˈwɪkɪd/ adv
diablement trop
(slang, New England, British) Very, extremely.

wickedly /ˈwɪkɪdli/ more wickedly most wickedly adv
cruellement mauvaisement méchamment
In a wicked manner.

wickedness /ˈwɪkɪdnəs/ wickednesses n
méchanceté iniquité mauvaise action perversité
The state of being wicked; evil disposition; immorality.
iniquité mauvaise action méchanceté
A wicked or sinful thing or act; morally bad or objectionable behaviour.

wicker /ˈwɪkə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪkɚ/ wickers n
osier
A flexible branch or twig of a plant such as willow, used in weaving baskets and furniture.

wickerwork wickerworks n
vannerie
A thing or things made of wicker.

wicket /ˈwɪkɪt/ wickets n
guichet
(Britain, Canada) A service window, as in a bank or train station, where a customer conducts transactions with a teller

wide /waɪd/ /wɑed/ wider widest adj
large ample
Having a large physical extent from side to side.

wide area network /ˈwʌɪdˌɛːrɪəˌnɛtwəːk/ wide area networks n
WAN réseau étendu
(computing) A computer network that covers a large geographic area.

wide open more wide open most wide open wider open widest open adj
grand ouvert
completely open
incertain
unsettled or unresolved

wide shot wide shots n
plan large
(film) A film or video recording made with the camera positioned to observe the most action in the performance.

wide-angle wider-angle widest-angle adj
grand-angle
(cinematography, photography) Of or pertaining to a short focal length lens that has an angle of view greater than about 70°; of or pertaining to an image produced with such a lens.

wide-angle lens wide-angle lenses n
grand-angle objectif grand angulaire
(photography) A short focal length lens having a wide field of view.

wide-eyed more wide-eyed most wide-eyed adj
les yeux ronds
(by extension) Astonished or surprised.

widely /ˈwaɪdli/ more widely most widely widelier wideliest adv
grandement largement
In a wide manner; across a wide area.
communément fréquemment généralement largement
(figurative) Commonly; generally; to a great degree.

widen /ˈwaɪdən/ v
s’élargir
(intransitive) To become wide or wider.
élargir
(transitive) To make wide or wider.
(transitive) To let out clothes to a larger size.
(transitive) To broaden or extend in scope or range.

widescreen adj
panoramique
(film) Filmed in a greater aspect ratio than the 1.33:1 or 1.37:1 aspect ratio.

widescreen widescreens n
panoramique
(often, attributive) A screen with a wider aspect ratio than the ordinary 35-millimeter frame, making more effective use of the human field of view and producing a more immersive view experience.

widespread /ˈwaɪdˌspɹɛd/ /ˌwaɪdˈspɹɛd/ more widespread most widespread widerspread widestspread adj
généralisé répandu
Affecting a large area (e.g. the entire land or body); broad in extent; widely diffused.

widget /ˈwɪd͡ʒ.ɪt/ widgets n
babiole camelote
A placeholder name for an unnamed, unspecified, or hypothetical manufactured good or product, typically as an example for purposes of explaining concepts.
widget
(GUI) Any one of the components of a computer application's graphical user interface, such as a Cancel button or text input box that a user interacts with.
(GUI) A small applet that can be placed on the desktop or in a sidebar, etc.
spatule
A small scraping tool consisting of a blade and a handle, commonly used to remove paint from glass and other smooth surfaces.

widow /ˈwɪd.oʊ/ /ˈwɪd.əʊ/ widows n
veuve
A woman whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a woman in relation to her late spouse; feminine of widower.
(typography) A single line of type that ends a paragraph, carried over to the next page or column.

widow's mite /ˈwɪdoʊz ˈmaɪt/ /ˈwɪdəʊz ˈmaɪt/ widow's mites n
denier de la veuve
(idiomatic) A very small gift or donation which, however, represents a great sacrifice on the part of the giver.

widowed adj
veuf veuve
(of a previously married person) Whose spouse has died or is gone missing; who has become a widow or widower.

widower /ˈwɪdoʊɚ/ widowers n
veuf
A man whose spouse has died (and who has not remarried); a man in relation to his late spouse; masculine of widow. [from Template:SAFESUBST: c.]

widowerhood widowerhoods n
veuvage
The state or period of being a widower.

widowhood widowhoods n
veuvage
The state or period of being a widow or widower.

width /ˈwɪdθ/ /ˈwɪtθ/ /ˈwɪθ/ [wɪd̪θ] widths n
grandeur
The state of being wide.
largeur
The measurement of the extent of something from side to side.

wield /wiːld/ v
brandir manier
To handle with skill and ease, especially a weapon or tool.
exercer
To exercise (authority or influence) effectively.

wiener /ˈwiːnə(ɹ)/ wieners n
saucisse saucisse de Francfort
(North America) A sausage made from beef, chicken or pork.

wife /waɪf/ wives n
femme épouse
A married woman, especially in relation to her spouse.

wife carrying n
porter de femme
A Scandinavian sport in which men carry women through an obstacle course.

wife-giver wife-givers n
donneur de femme
A lineage or a family that gives a woman in marriage.

wife-taker wife-takers n
preneur de femme
A lineage or a family that accepts a woman in marriage from another lineage or family.

wig /wɪɡ/ wigs n
perruque
A head of real or synthetic hair worn on the head to disguise baldness, for cultural or religious reasons, for fashion, or by actors to help them better resemble the character they are portraying.

wigeon wigeons n
canard siffleur
Any of three freshwater dabbling ducks.

wiggle /ˈwɪɡəl/ v
frétiller
(transitive, intransitive) To move with irregular, back and forward or side to side motions; To shake or jiggle.

wiggle room n
marge de manœuvre
(informal) The opportunity to make alternative decisions or to pursue other courses of action, especially any involving only minor changes to one's present situation or course.

wigmaker wigmakers n
perruquier perruquière
A person who makes wigs.

wigwam /ˈwɪɡwɑːm/ wigwams n
wigwam
A dwelling having an arched framework overlaid with bark, hides, or mats, used by Native Americans in the northeastern United States.

wiki /ˈwiːki/ /ˈwɪki/ wikis n
wiki
A collaborative website which can be directly edited merely by using a web browser, often by anyone with access to it.

wiki markup n
wikicode

wikification wikifications n
wikification
The process of adding wiki syntax to text in a wiki platform, or converting HTML to wiki markup.

wikify /ˈwɪkifaɪ/ v
wikifier
(transitive) To make into a wiki, or to use a wiki approach for.

wilayah wilayahs wilayat n
wilaya
A province or administrative division in some Arabic countries.

wild /waɪld/ [waɪ̯ɫd] [ˈwaɪ̯.ɫ̩d] wilder wildest adj
sauvage
Untamed; not domesticated; specifically, in an unbroken line of undomesticated animals (as opposed to feral, referring to undomesticated animals whose ancestors were domesticated).
Raucous, unruly, or licentious.
déchaîné
Unrestrained or uninhibited.

wild animal wild animals n
animal sauvage
Any (nonhuman) animal living in a natural, undomesticated state.

wild asparagus wild asparaguses n
asperge sauvage corrude
Asparagus acutifolius, a species of asparagus common in the Mediterranean basin.

wild ass /waɪld ˈæs/ wild asses n
âne sauvage
Any of several wild equine mammals closely related to donkey, endemic to Asia and northeast Africa.

wild boar /ˈwaɪld ˈboɹ/ /ˈwaɪld ˈbɔː/ wild boar wild boars n
sanglier
A wild swine native to Eurasia and North Africa, Sus scrofa, now widely distributed elsewhere and ancestor of most domestic pig breeds.

wild card wild cards n
joker
(card games) A card that can be assigned any value or used to substitute for any needed card.

wild cat wild cats n
chat sauvage
An undomesticated felid, as tigers or lions.
A feral cat.

wild cherry wild cherries n
merise merisier
An uncultivated cherry tree of species Prunus avium, native to Europe and western Asia.

wild goose wild geese n
oie cendrée
any of many species of wildlife goose, such as the greylag goose or the Canada goose, whose wedge fly in a wedge or V form, or cuneiform, as opposed to the domesticated goose that would not fly.

wild hair n
furieuse envie
(informal) A fervent, usually sudden, desire to do something surprising or unexpected.

wild leek wild leeks n
oignon sauvage
(US) A perennial wild onion native to eastern North America, Allium tricoccum, with a cluster of ovoid bulbs and large oblong elliptical leaves.
poireau perpétuel
A wild onion native to southern Europe and western Asia, cultivated and consequently naturalized in many other places, Allium ampeloprasum.

wild pansy wild pansies n
pensée sauvage
A European wildflower (Viola tricolor), with medicinal properties, and believed to ease heartache.

wild rice wild rices n
riz sauvage
Any one of the four species of grasses which form the genus Zizania, which have edible grains and edible stems.

wild service tree wild service trees n
alisier torminal alisier des bois sorbier alisier
A tree with edible fruit, Sorbus torminalis, native to central and southern Europe and neighboring parts of Asia and Africa.

wild strawberry wild strawberries n
fraisier des bois fraise des bois
A berry of such a plant.

wild thyme wild thymes n
serpolet
A species of flowering plant in the mint family, Thymus serpyllum.

wild turkey wild turkeys n
dinde dindon sauvage
A large gamebird, Meleagris gallopavo, native to North America.

wildcard wildcards n
joker
(computing) A character that takes the place of any other character or string that is not known or specified.

wildcat /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt/ [ˈwaɪ.əlʔˌkæt] wildcats n
chat sauvage
(UK) Felis silvestris, a common small Old World wild cat somewhat larger than a house cat.

wildcat strike /ˈwaɪ.əldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ /ˈwaɪldˌkæt ˈstɹaɪk/ wildcat strikes n
grève sauvage
(organized labour) A labour strike that has not been authorized by the leaders of a trade union.

wilderness /-nɪs/ /ˈwɪldənəs/ /ˈwɪldɚnəs/ wildernesses n
région sauvage contrée sauvage nature sauvage
(uncountable) Uncultivated and unsettled land in its natural state inhabited by wild animals and with vegetation growing wild; (countable) a tract of such land; a waste or wild.

wildfire /ˈwaɪldˌfaɪɚ/ wildfires n
feu de forêt incendie de forêt FdF
A rapidly spreading fire, especially one occurring in a wildland area.

wildlife /ˈwaɪldlaɪf/ n
environnement faune flore nature
Animals, plants, and fungi, not normally domesticated, often to the exclusion of plants, fungi, fish, insects and other invertebrates, and microscopic plants and animals; hence:

wildly /ˈwaɪldli/ more wildly most wildly adv
sauvagement
In a wild, uncontrolled manner.

wildness wildnesses n
sauvagerie
the quality of being wild or untamed

wile /waɪl/ wiles n
leurre ruse
(usually, in the plural) A trick or stratagem practiced for ensnaring or deception; a sly, insidious artifice

will /wɪl/ [wɪɫ] wills n
volonté
One's independent faculty of choice; the ability to be able to exercise one's choice or intention. [from 9th c.]
The act of choosing to do something; a person’s conscious intent or volition. [from 10th c.]
One's intention or decision; someone's orders or commands. [from 9th c.]

will /wɪl/ [wɪɫ] v
vouloir
aller -erai
(auxiliary) Used to express the future tense, sometimes with some implication of volition when used in the first person. Compare shall. [from 10th c.]
(auxiliary) To choose or agree to (do something); used to express intention but without any temporal connotations (+ bare infinitive), often in questions and negation. [from 10th c.]
léguer
(transitive) To exert one's force of will (intention) in order to compel, or attempt to compel, something to happen or someone to do something. [from 10th c.]

will o' the wisp /ˌwɪləðəˈwɪsp/ will o' the wisps n
feu follet
(British, _, folklore) A flickering light or lantern, especially over bogs, swamps or marshes, held by a supernatural creature who uses it to lure travelers at night to their demise.
miroir aux alouettes
(idiomatic) A delusionary or otherwise unachievable goal that one feels compelled to pursue.

will you marry me phraseologicalUnit
veux-tu m'épouser ?
Used to propose marriage to someone

willet willets n
chevalier semipalmé
Tringa semipalmata (or formerly Catoptrophorus semipalmatus), a large shorebird in the family Scolopacidae.

willful ignorance n
aveuglement volontaire
(idiomatic, legal) A decision in bad faith to avoid becoming informed about something so as to avoid having to make undesirable decisions that such information might prompt.

willie wagtail willie wagtails n
rhipidure hochequeue
An Australian bird, Rhipidura leucophrys.

willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ more willing most willing adj
volontaire
Ready to do something that is not (can't be expected as) a matter of course.

willingly /ˈwɪlɪŋli/ more willingly most willingly adv
volontiers
Of one’s own free will; freely and spontaneously.

willow /ˈwɪl.əʊ/ /ˈwɪloʊ/ willows n
saule
The wood of these trees.

willow grouse willow grouses n
lagopède
Lagopus lagopus, a medium-sized bird in the grouse family.

willow tit willow tits n
mésange boréale
A passerine bird of the tit family (Poecile montanus).

willow warbler willow warblers n
pouillot fitis
Phylloscopus trochilus, common species of Eurasiafrican leaf warbler

willowherb willowherbs n
épilobe
Any of several flowering plants in the genus Epilobium of the family Onagraceae.

willowy /ˈwɪloʊi/ /ˈwɪləʊi/ willowier willowiest adj
fin gracile mince svelte
(of a person) Tall, slender and graceful.
planté de saules
(of a place) Having willow trees.

willpower /ˈwɪlˌpaʊɚ/ willpowers n
volonté
The unwavering strength of will to carry out one's wishes.

willy /ˈwɪli/ willies n
zizi quéquette
(hypocoristic, slang, UK, Ireland, Australia, NZ, South Africa) the penis.

willy-nilly /ˌ(ˈ)wɪliˈnɪli/ more willy-nilly most willy-nilly adv
bon gré mal gré
Whether desired or not; without regard for the consequences or the wishes of those affected; whether willingly or unwillingly.

wilt /wɪlt/ v
s'affaisser
(intransitive) To fatigue; to lose strength; to flag.
fatiguer s'affaisser s'épuiser se fatiguer épuiser
(transitive) To cause to fatigue; to exhaust.

wily /ˈwaɪ.li/ more wily most wily wilier wiliest adj
fourbe rusé perfide
Sly, cunning, full of tricks.

wimp /wɪmp/ wimps n
mauviette
(pejorative, slang) Someone who lacks confidence or courage, is weak, ineffectual, irresolute and wishy-washy.

win /wɪn/ wins n
victoire gain
An individual victory.

win /wɪn/ v
gagner vaincre
(transitive, intransitive) To reach some destination or object, despite difficulty or toil (now usually intransitive, with preposition or locative adverb).
(transitive) To triumph or achieve victory in (a game, a war, etc.).
conquérir gagner
(transitive) To obtain (someone) by wooing; to make an ally or friend of (frequently with over).

win-win /ˌwɪnˈwɪn/ adj
gagnant-gagnant
(of a situation or outcome) That benefits both or all parties, or that has two distinct benefits. [from 1960s]

wince /wɪns/ v
grimacer
(intransitive) To flinch as if in pain or distress.

winch /wɪnt͡ʃ/ winches n
treuil
(nautical) A hoisting machine used for loading or discharging cargo, or for hauling in lines. (FM 55-501).
A wince (machine used in dyeing or steeping cloth).

winch /wɪnt͡ʃ/ v
treuiller
To use a winch

wind /ˈwaɪnd/ /ˈwɪnd/ winds n
vent
(countable, uncountable) Real or perceived movement of atmospheric air usually caused by convection or differences in air pressure.
(philosophy, alchemy) One of the four elements of the ancient Greeks and Romans; air.
essouffler souffle
(countable, uncountable) The ability to breathe easily.
vent pet
(uncountable, colloquial) Flatus.
bois essouffler instrument à vent
(music) The woodwind section of an orchestra. Occasionally also used to include the brass section.
s'essouffler souffler
A direction from which the wind may blow; a point of the compass; especially, one of the cardinal points.
souffle
A disease of sheep, in which the intestines are distended with air, or rather affected with a violent inflammation. It occurs immediately after shearing.
(boxing, slang) The region of the solar plexus, where a blow may paralyze the diaphragm and cause temporary loss of breath or other injury.

wind /waɪnd/ v
enrouler embobiner
(transitive) To turn coils of (a cord or something similar) around something.
remonter
(transitive) To tighten the spring of a clockwork mechanism such as that of a clock.
envelopper
(transitive) To entwist; to enfold; to encircle.
serpenter
(intransitive) To travel in a way that is not straight.
soumettre
(transitive) To have complete control over; to turn and bend at one's pleasure; to vary or alter at will; to regulate; to govern.

wind /ˈwaɪnd/ /ˈwɪnd/ v
vent souffler
(transitive) To blow air through a wind instrument or horn to make a sound.
essouffler souffle
(transitive) To cause (someone) to become breathless, as by a blow to the abdomen, or by physical exertion, running, etc.
souffle
(transitive, British) To turn a boat or ship around, so that the wind strikes it on the opposite side.
vent pet
(transitive) To expose to the wind; to winnow; to ventilate.
bois instrument à vent s'essouffler souffle
(transitive) To rest (a horse, etc.) in order to allow the breath to be recovered; to breathe.

wind back /waɪnd ˈbæk/ v
rebobiner rembobiner
(transitive) To wind (a tape, cassette, or film, etc) towards the beginning; to rewind.

wind chimes /ˈwɪnd.t͡ʃaɪms/ n
carillon à vent carillon éolien
(musical instruments) A chime constructed from tubes, rods, bells, etc. made of wood, glass, metal or ceramic, suspended outside a building in such a way that they tinkle pleasantly when moved by the wind.

wind farm /ˈwɪndfɑːm/ /ˈwɪndˌfɑɹm/ wind farms n
parc éolien centrale éolienne ferme éolienne
A collection of wind turbines, especially a large-scale array, used to generate electricity.

wind horse n
cheval du vent
An allegory for the human soul in the shamanistic tradition of East and Central Asia.

wind instrument wind instruments n
instrument à vent
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument that produces sound when air flows through it.

wind power n
énergie éolienne
(physics) Power of the wind.

wind rose wind roses n
rose des vents
(meteorology) A diagram in which the speed and direction of the winds at a particular location are represented by lines of varying thickness and length superimposed on a compass rose.

wind turbine wind turbines n
éolienne
A device for converting wind power into electricity.

wind up /waɪnd ˈʌp/ v
remonter
(transitive, figuratively, by extension) To tighten (someone or something) by winding or twisting.
arriver terminer
(intransitive, copulative) To end up; to arrive or result.
achever conclure terminer
(transitive) To conclude, complete, or finish (something).
liquider terminer
(transitive) To dissolve (a partnership or corporation) and liquidate its assets.
se moquer vanner
(British, transitive) To play a prank (on); to take the mickey (out of) or mock.

windbag /ˈwɪndˌbæɡ/ windbags n
moulin à paroles
(mildly, derogatory) Someone who talks excessively.

windbreak windbreaks n
brise-vent
(agriculture) A hedge, fence or row of trees positioned to reduce wind damage to crops.

windbreaker /ˈwɪndbɹeɪkə(ɹ)/ windbreakers n
K-way coupe-vent k-way
A thin outer coat designed to resist wind chill and light rain.

windfall /ˈwɪnd.fo(ː)l/ /ˈwɪnd.fɑl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔl/ /ˈwɪnd.fɔːl/ windfalls n
aubaine
(figuratively) A sudden large benefit; especially, a sudden or unexpected large amount of money, as from lottery or sweepstakes winnings or an unexpected inheritance or gift.

winding /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/ more winding most winding adj
sinueux tortueux
Sinuous, turning, or twisting in form.

windmill /ˈwɪnd.mɪl/ windmills n
moulin à vent
The structure containing such machinery.

window /ˈwɪndoʊ/ /ˈwɪndə/ /ˈwɪndəʊ/ windows n
fenêtre
An opening, usually covered by one or more panes of clear glass, to allow light and air from outside to enter a building or vehicle.
A period of time when something is available or possible; a limited opportunity.
(graphical user interface) A rectangular area on a computer terminal or screen containing some kind of user interface, displaying the output of and allowing input for one of a number of simultaneously running computer processes.
côté fenêtre fenêtre
An opening, usually covered by glass, in a shop which allows people to view the shop and its products from outside; a shop window.
(signal processing) A function multiplied with a signal to reduce spectral leakage when performing a Fourier transform.

window covering window coverings n
couvre-fenêtre
Material, including blinds, shades, curtains, and shutters, used to cover a window for the purpose of controlling sunlight, providing additional weatherproofing, ensuring privacy, or for aesthetic reasons.

window frame window frames n
châssis huisserie
The wooden, aluminium or PVC etc. framework around a window

window of opportunity /-ˈt͡ʃuː-/ /ˌwɪndoʊ‿əv ˌɑpɚˈt(j)unəti/ /ˌwɪndəʊ‿əv ˌɒpəˈtjuːnɪtɪ/ [-ɾi] windows of opportunity n
créneau fenêtre d'opportunité ouverture

window seat window seats n
coussiège siège côté fenêtre
A typically soft seat placed in a recess, for a window, in a wall, and filling the recess.
siège côté fenêtre
A seat beside a window in public transport, as in a bus, train or passenger aircraft.

window-shop v
faire du [[lèche-vitrine]]
(intransitive) To engage in window-shopping; to browse the windows of shops with no intention of buying anything.

window-shopping n
lèche-vitrine
(idiomatic) The browsing of shop windows without any intention of buying.

windowed adj
fenêtré
Fitted with windows, often of a particular kind or, in (heraldry) , of a specified colour.

windowing windowings n
fenêtrage
(film) The scheduling of the exhibition and distribution of a film, involving for example a period of theatrical showings before release on home media.

windowpane /ˈwɪndoʊˌpeɪn/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌpeɪn/ windowpanes n
carreau vitre
A piece of glass filling a window or a section of a window

windowsill /ˈwɪndoʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəʊˌsɪl/ /ˈwɪndəˌsɪl/ windowsills n
appui de fenêtre
(architectural element) The horizontal member protruding from the base of a window frame.

windpipe /ˈwɪndpaɪp/ windpipes n
trachée
The trachea.

windpump windpumps n
pompe à vent pompe éolienne
A structure somewhat like a windmill for pumping water, either for drainage or for irrigation

windrow /ˈwɪnd.ɹəʊ/ windrows n
andain
A row of cut grain or hay allowed to dry in a field.

windscreen washer windscreen washers n
lave-glace
(British) A device that pumps water mixed with detergent from a tank through small nozzles on to the windscreen/windshield of a car in order to clean it.

windshield windshields n
pare-brise parebrise
(North America) A transparent screen made of glass, located at the front and back of a vehicle in front of its occupants to protect them from the wind force generated by the vehicle's speed and inclement weather.
bonnette anti-vent
A cover for a microphone to exclude airy noises such as wind and breathing.

windshield wiper windshield wipers n
essuie-glace
(automobiles, US, Canada) a device used to clear rain and dirt from a windshield; normally a pivoting arm with a rubber blade

windsock windsocks n
cône
manche à air
(aviation) A large, conical, open-ended tube designed to indicate wind direction and relative wind speed, used especially at smaller airfields.

windsurf /ˈwɪndsɜː(ɹ)f/ v
faire de la planche à voile
To ride a surfboard that has an attached sail

windsurfing n
planche à voile windsurf
A marine sport in which one stands on a floating board (typically 2 - 3 meters in length) to which a sail is attached. The board is steered by tilting the sail or banking the board. Some windsurfers use large waves to perform jumps and other stunts.

windswept more windswept most windswept adj
battu par les vents
Exposed to the winds.

windthrow windthrows n
chablis
(forestry) The uprooting and/or overthrowing of a tree caused by the wind

windy /ˈwɪndi/ windier windiest adj
venteux
Accompanied by wind.
(informal) Flatulent.
venteux venté
Unsheltered and open to the wind.
vain
Empty and lacking substance.

wine /waɪn/ wines n
vin
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting grape juice, with an ABV ranging from 5.5–16%.
An alcoholic beverage made by fermenting other substances, producing a similar ABV.
lie-de-vin
(uncountable) The color of red wine, a deep reddish purple.

wine /waɪn/ v
arroser fêter en buvant
(transitive) To entertain (someone) with wine.
boire du vin
(intransitive) To drink wine.

wine bar wine bars n
bar à vin bar à vins
A drinking establishment where only wine is served.

wine bottle wine bottles n
bouteille de vin
A tall bottle with a long neck, normally made of dark or clear glass, for holding and serving wine.

wine cellar wine cellars n
cave à vin chai
An underground place for storing wine at a constant temperature.
œnothèque
(by extension) A collection of wines.

wine glass wine glasses n
verre à vin
A glass vessel, normally with a stem, from which wine is drunk.

wine list wine lists n
carte des vins
A list of wines, usually with a short description, available at e.g. a restaurant or bar.

wine rack wine racks n
bouteiller casier à bouteilles casier à vin
A set of shelves for the organised storage of wine.

wine route wine routes n
route des vins

wineberry wineberries n
framboisier du Japon
The plant Rubus phoenicolasius, the Japanese wineberry.

winemaking winemakings n
vinification
The process of making wine.

winepress winepresses n
pressoir pressoir vinicole
A press used to extract juice from grapes as the first step of winemaking.

winery /ˈwaɪnəɹi/ wineries n
vinerie
A place where wine is made, or a company that makes wine.

wineskin wineskins n
outre à vin
A bag, traditionally made from the skin of a goat (a goatskin), used for holding and dispensing wine.

winetasting winetastings n
dégustation du vin
(uncountable) The sensory examination and evaluation of wine.
dégustation de vin
(countable) An event for the purpose of tasting and evaluating wine.

wing /wi(ː)ŋ/ /wɪŋ/ wings n
aile
An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly
(aviation) Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air.
A part of something that is lesser in size than the main body, such as an extension from the main building.
A faction of a political movement. Usually implies a position apart from the mainstream center position.
(nautical) That part of the hold or orlop of a vessel which is nearest the sides. In a fleet, one of the extremities when the ships are drawn up in line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle.
A portable shelter consisting of a fabric roof on a frame, like a tent without sides.
aile ailier
(sports) A position in several field games on either side of the field.
ailier
(sports) A player occupying such a position, also called a winger

wing /wi(ː)ŋ/ /wɪŋ/ v
improviser
(transitive) To act or speak extemporaneously; to improvise; to wing it.

wing chair wing chairs n
fauteuil à oreilles bergère
A chair with a high back from which project small side pieces, originally to protect from draught

wing mirror wing mirrors n
rétroviseur extérieur rétroviseur latéral
Either of a pair of mirrors on the sides of a car or other vehicle that enable the driver to see to the side and behind.

wing nut wing nuts n
écrou papillon écrou à oreilles papillon
A nut with wing-like projections to provide leverage in turning with thumb and forefinger.

winged /wɪŋ(ɪ)d/ adj
ailé
Having wings.

winged bean winged beans n
haricot ailé pois carré
A tropical legume of species Psophocarpus tetragonolobus, having clusters of purple flowers and pods with four jagged wings

winger /ˈwɪŋ.ə(ɹ)/ /ˈwɪŋ.ɚ/ wingers n
ailier
(sports) An offensive player who plays on either side of the center.

winghead shark winghead sharks n
requin-marteau planeur
A species of hammerhead shark, Eusphyra blochii, in the family Sphyrnidae, named for the remarkably wide lobes on its head. It is the sole species in its genus.

wingman /ˈwɪŋmæn/ wingmen n
ailier ailière
A pilot partner of another, a pilot who flies in the same wing or squadron.

wingspan wingspans n
envergure
(usually in singular) The distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip (of a bird, airplane etc.).

wink /ˈwɪŋk/ winks n
clin d'œil
An act of winking (a blinking of only one eye), or a message sent by winking.

wink /ˈwɪŋk/ v
cligner de l’œil clin d'œil
(transitive, intransitive) To blink with only one eye as a message, signal, or suggestion, usually with an implication of conspiracy. (When transitive, the object may be the eye being winked, or the message being conveyed.)

winkle /ˈwɪŋkəl/ winkles n
zizi
(childish, slang) The penis, especially that of a child rather than that of an adult.

winnable more winnable most winnable adj
gagnable
able to be won or achieved

winner /ˈwɪnə/ /ˈwɪnɚ/ winners n
gagnant vainqueur gagnante vainqueuse
One who has won or often wins.

winner-take-all adj
tout-va-au-vainqueur
Of or pertaining to a contest, election, or other competition in which only the winner is rewarded and none of the losers get anything.

winning hand winning hands n
main gagnante
A handful of cards held by a player that beats all others in a card game.

winnow /ˈwɪnoʊ/ /ˈwɪnəʊ/ winnows n
crible tarare van
That which winnows or which is used in winnowing; a contrivance for fanning or winnowing grain.

winnow /ˈwɪnoʊ/ /ˈwɪnəʊ/ v
vanner
(transitive, agriculture) To subject (granular material, especially food grain) to a current of air separating heavier and lighter components, as grain from chaff.
séparer
(transitive, figuratively) To separate, sift, analyse, or test by separating items having different values.

winnowing basket winnowing baskets n
van
A basket used to winnow rice or grain from the chaff.

winnowing fan winnowing fans n
van
A specially shaped winnowing basket, in which grain is shaken in the process of winnowing, with the shape of the basket allowing the chaff to spill out more readily.

winnowing fork winnowing forks n
fourche à vanner
A pitchfork used to winnow rice or grain from the chaff.

wino /ˈwaɪnəʊ/ winoes winos n
alcoolo clochard clodo sac à vin
(pejorative) A chronic or heavy drinker of cheap wine or other alcohol; a drunk or drunkard.

wino /ˈwiːnəʊ/ winos n
wino
(physics) A hypothetical particle that is the superpartner of the W boson.

winter /ˈwɪntə/ /ˈwɪntɚ/ [ˈwɪntʰɚ] [ˈwɪnɚ] [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ] winters n
hiver
Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere or the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region.

winter /ˈwɪntə/ /ˈwɪntɚ/ [ˈwɪntʰɚ] [ˈwɪnɚ] [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ] v
hiverner
(intransitive) To spend the winter (in a particular place).

winter melon winter melons n
courge cireuse
A green, fuzzy melon fruit with sweet white flesh, which grows on this vine.

winter quarters n
quartiers d'hiver

winter solstice winter solstices n
solstice d'hiver
(astronomy) The moment when the Earth is in that point of its orbit where the northern or southern hemisphere is most inclined away from the sun.

winter sport winter sports n
sport d'hiver
Any sport, originally only played during the winter, that is played on ice or snow.

winter storm /ˈwɪntə(ɹ) stɔːm/ /ˈwɪntɚ stɔɹm/ winter storms n
tempête de neige
A meteorological event in which the dominant varieties of precipitation are forms that only occur at cold temperatures, such as snow or sleet, or a rainstorm in which ground temperatures are cold enough to allow ice to form.

winter tire winter tires n
pneu hiver pneu d'hiver

winter triathlon winter triathlons n
triathlon d'hiver
A three-stage race involving snowshoeing, ice skating, cross-country skiing

winter wheat winter wheats n
blé d'hiver
A type of wheat that is planted in the autumn to germinate and develop into young plants that remain in the vegetative phase during the winter and resume growth in early spring.

wintergreen wintergreens n
pirole pyrole
Plants in any of several other genera in the herbaceous family Ericaceae, including:
Some species of the herbaceous genus Trientalis, in family Primulaceae (chickweed wintergreen)

winterhardy more winterhardy most winterhardy adj
rustique
(of a plant) hardy enough to survive cold weather

wintertime wintertimes n
hiver
The season of winter, between autumn and spring.

wintry /ˈwɪnt(ə)ɹi/ /ˈwɪnt(ə)ɹɪ/ [ˈwɪɾ̃(ə)ɹi] wintrier wintriest adj
hivernal hibernal
Suggestive or characteristic of winter; cold, stormy.

wipe /waɪp/ wipes n
lingette
A soft piece of cloth or cloth-like material used for wiping.

wipe /waɪp/ v
essuyer
(transitive) To move an object over, maintaining contact, with the intention of removing some substance from the surface. (Compare rub.)

wipe off v
rayer
(transitive, literally) To remove (something such as dirt) by wiping.
(transitive, literally) To clean (something), removing any dirt from it, by wiping it.
(transitive, figuratively) To destroy completely, leaving no trace.

wipe out v
anéantir
(transitive) To destroy (especially, a large number of people or things); to obliterate.
effacer
(transitive) To do away with; to cause to disappear.
(transitive, informal) To bankrupt (a person or company); to empty (a bank account); to erase (a bank balance).

wipe the floor with someone v
battre à plate couture réduire en miettes écraser
(informal) To be well ahead of someone, or to win a competition by a considerable margin over someone.

wipe the slate clean /ˌwaɪp ðə sleɪt ˈkliːn/ v
passer l'éponge remettre les compteurs à zéro
(idiomatic) To make a fresh start, for example by forgetting about previous differences and disagreements.

wipe up v
essuyer
To clean thoroughly, particularly with a dishcloth or rag.

wipeout wipeouts n
gamelle plantage
The act of colliding or crashing.
(surfing) The act of falling off one's surfboard.

wire /waɪ(ə)ɹ/ /waɪə(ɹ)/ /wʌɪ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈwaɪɚ/ [wäɪɚ] [wəɪɚ] wires n
fil
A piece of such material; a thread or slender rod of metal, a cable.

wire cutters n
pince coupante
A hand tool resembling pliers, intended for cutting wires.

wire stripper wire strippers n
pince à dénuder
A small, hand-held device used to strip the electrical insulation from electric wires.

wire transfer wire transfers n
virement bancaire
(banking) A transfer of funds between banks by electronic means.

wire-haired adj
à poil dur
Having coarse, stiff hair.

wired /waɪəd/ /waɪɹd/ more wired most wired adj
branché
Equipped with wires, so as to connect to a power source or to other electric or electronic equipment; connected by wires.
sur écoute
Equipped with hidden electronic eavesdropping devices.
attaché
Reinforced, supported, tied or bound with wire.
surexcité
(slang) Very excited, overstimulated; high-strung.

wireless /ˈwaɪ(jə)ɹ.ləs/ /ˈwaɪə.ləs/ adj
sans fil
Not having any wires.

wireless /ˈwaɪ(jə)ɹ.ləs/ /ˈwaɪə.ləs/ wirelesses n
radio
(uncountable) The medium of radio communication.
(dated, mainly, Britain) A radio set.

wireless network wireless networks n
réseau sans fil
(computing) Devices connected to a network using a centralized wireless access point (WAP).

wireless telegraphy wireless telegraphies n
télégraphie sans fil
(telegraphy, historical) Telegraphy by radio rather than by transmission cables.

wiretap wiretaps n
micro mouchard écoute
A connection installed on a telephone line or other communications system in order to allow a third party to conduct covert surveillance of conversations.

wiretap v
mettre sur écoute micro mouchard poser
To install or to use such a connection.

wiring harness wiring harnesses n
faisceau
(automotive, electronics) A bundle of insulated wires, often held together with straps or other connectors, that transmit signals or electrical current within a vehicle, electronic device, etc., or between them.

wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ wisdoms n
sagesse
(uncountable) An element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise.
(countable) A piece of wise advice.
The discretionary use of knowledge for the greatest good.
The ability to apply relevant knowledge in an insightful way, especially to different situations from that in which the knowledge was gained.
The ability to make a decision based on the combination of knowledge, experience, and intuitive understanding.
(theology) The ability to know and apply spiritual truths.

wisdom tooth wisdom teeth n
dent de sagesse
(dentistry) One of the four (one upper and one lower on each side) rearmost molars in humans, which typically develop between ages 18-24.

wise /waɪz/ more wise most wise wiser wisest adj
sage
Showing good judgement or the benefit of experience.

wise guy wise guys n
petit rigolo
(informal) One who is insolent or flippant; one who makes jokes or perpetrates pranks.

wise man /ˈwʌɪzman/ wise men n
sage
A man who is wise.
roi mage
A magus or wizard, now especially one of the three biblical magi.

wisely /ˈwaɪzli/ more wisely most wisely wiselier wiseliest adv
savamment sagement
In a wise manner; using good judgement.

wisent /ˈviːzənt/ /ˈwɪzənt/ wisents n
bison d'Europe
The European bison, Bison bonasus.

wish /wɪʃ/ wishes n
souhait désir
The thing desired or longed for.

wish /wɪʃ/ v
souhaiter espérer
(intransitive, followed by for) To hope (for a particular outcome), even if that outcome is unlikely to occur or cannot occur.
souhaiter
(ditransitive) To bestow (a thought or gesture) towards (someone or something).

wish list wish lists n
lettre au Père Noël liste [[d']]envies
A list of desired things.

wishbone wishbones n
fourchette lunette
A forked bone between the neck and breast of a bird consisting chiefly of the two clavicles fused at their median or lower end, regarded as a lucky charm in some countries.
(American football) A particular kind of offensive formation. See wishbone formation.
(automotive) A suspension component similar in shape to a chicken wishbone.
wishbone
(nautical) A spar in two parts, between which a sail is hoisted, the wishbone extending its clew.

wishful thinking wishful thinkings n
vœu pieux
(idiomatic, psychology) The illusion that what one would like to be true is actually true.

wishing well wishing wells n
puits à souhaits
A well where, traditionally, wishes were thought to be granted, especially if coins were dropped into the water.

wishy-washy /ˈwɪʃ.iˌwɑ.ʃi/ /ˈwɪʃ.iˌwɒʃ.i/ /ˈwɪʃ.iˌwɔ.ʃi/ more wishy-washy most wishy-washy wishy-washier wishy-washiest adj
aseptisé béni-oui-oui chiffe molle couille molle fadasse femmelette
Wavering; lacking in commitment, certainty, or support; namby-pamby.
bibine eau de vaisselle jus de chaussette lavasse pisse d'âne
Thin or watery.

wisp /wɪsp/ wisps n
brin fétu touffe
A small bundle, as of straw or other like substance; any slender, flexible structure or group.

wisteria /wɪsˈtiriə/ /wɪsˈtɛriə/ wisterias n
glycine
Any of several woody climbing vines, of the genus Wisteria, native to the East Asian countries of China, Korea, and Japan and the eastern United States.

wistful /ˈwɪstfəl/ more wistful most wistful adj
mélancolique nostalgique
Full of longing or yearning.

wit /wɪt/ wits n
mot d'esprit
Humour, especially when clever or quick.
petit malin
A person who tells funny anecdotes or jokes; someone witty.

wit /wɪt/ v
connaître savoir
(ambitransitive, chiefly, archaic) Know, be aware of (constructed with of when used intransitively).

witch /wɪt͡ʃ/ witches n
sorcière stryge
A person who practices witchcraft.
One who exercises more-than-common power of attraction; a charming or bewitching person.
sorcière harpie
(figurative, derogatory) An ugly or unpleasant woman.

witch doctor /ˈwɪtʃ ˌdɑktɚ/ /ˈwɪtʃ ˌdɒktə/ witch doctors n
guérisseur guérisseuse
A person (often male) who is believed to ward off witchcraft and heal through magical powers; a shaman.

witch hazel witch hazels n
café du diable
(US) Hamamelis virginiana (eastern North America)

witch house n
witch house
(music genre, neologism) A style of music characterized by chopped and screwed hip-hop soundscapes, industrial and noise experimentation, and the use of synthesizers, drum machines, obscure samples, droning repetition and heavily altered, ethereal, indiscernible vocals. [from late 2000s]

witch-hunt /ˈwɪtʃhʌnt/ witch-hunts n
chasse aux sorcières
(now, chiefly, historical) A search for people believed to be using sorcery or harmful magic, typically in order to persecute or punish them.

witchcamp witchcamps n
retraite wiccan
A Wiccan or pagan workshop or retreat.

witchcraft /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹæft/ /ˈwɪt͡ʃkɹɑːft/ witchcrafts n
sorcellerie
The practice of witches; magic, sorcery, or the use of supernatural powers to influence or predict events.

witching hour /ˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ ˌaʊ(ə)ɹ/ /ˈwɪt͡ʃɪŋ ˌaʊə/ witching hours n
l'heure du crime
(chiefly, literary, or, poetic) Often preceded by the: midnight, when witches and other supernatural beings were thought to be active, and to which bad luck was ascribed; also (generally) , the middle of the night, when unfortunate things are thought more likely to occur; the dead of night.

with /wəð/ /wəθ/ /wɪi/ /wɪt/ /wɪv/ /wɪð/ /wɪθ/ preposition
avec contre
Against.
avec
In the company of; alongside, close to; near to.
In addition to; as an accessory to.
In support of.
Keeping up with; understanding; following along.
avec au moyen de à l'aide de
Using as an instrument; by means of.
avec de
(obsolete) Using as nourishment; more recently replaced by on.

with a grain of salt adv
avec des pincettes
(idiomatic) With a little common sense and skepticism.

with all due respect
sauf votre respect avec tout le respect que je vous dois
(formal, idiom) A phrase used before disagreeing with someone or saying something they may find offensive, usually considered polite.

with all one's heart
de tout son cœur
With much sincerity.

with all one's might
de toutes ses forces

with any luck phraseologicalUnit
avec de la chance avec un peu de chance

with bad grace
de mauvaise grâce

with bated breath /wɪð ˈbeɪtɪd ˈbɹɛθ/
avec impatience retenir son souffle
(idiomatic) Eagerly; with great anticipation.

with difficulty /wɪð ˈdɪfɪkʊlti/ /wɪð ˈdɪfɪkʌlti/
avec difficulté difficilement à grand-peine
In a way that requires significant effort.

with flying colors
haut la main
(American spelling, idiomatic) Extremely well; in an exceptional, noteworthy, or extraordinary manner.

with friends like these who needs enemies /wɪθ fɹɛn(d)z laɪk ðiːz hu niːdz ˈɛnəmiːz/ phraseologicalUnit
avec des amis comme ça, on n'a pas besoin d'ennemis
Indicating that one's close associates prove more adversarial than one's opponents.

with good grace
de bon cœur de bonne grâce

with good reason
légitimement à bon droit à juste titre à raison
Based on sound judgment and reasonable inference; with one's proper justifications; on good grounds.

with no further ado
sans autre forme de procès sans plus attendre
(idiomatic) Without any other formalities; with no further delay.

with one voice
d'une seule voix
(of vocalizing) In unison, together

with one's eyes closed adv
les doigts dans le nez les yeux fermés

with one's eyes open adv
en connaissance de cause

with one's head held high adv
la tête haute
(idiomatic) Proudly, with pride.

with one's own eyes
de ses propres yeux

with open arms
à bras ouverts
(idiomatic) With enthusiasm, as if embracing

with pleasure /wəð ˈpleʒ.ə/ /wɪð ˈplɛʒ.ə/ /wɪθ ˈplɛʒ.ɚ/
volontiers avec plaisir
(idiomatic) Willingly; without argument

with regard to preposition
à propos de relativement à à l'égard de
Concerning; about.

with respect to preposition
quant à relativement à à l'égard de
Regarding; concerning; pertaining to.
en fonction de
(math) Taking as the independent variable.

with the best will in the world
avec la meilleure volonté du monde avec toute la bonne volonté du monde

with this adv
sur ce

with time
avec le temps

withdraw /wɪðˈdɹɑ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔ/ /wɪðˈdɹɔː/ /wɪθˈdɹɑ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔ/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː/ v
tirer
retirer
(banking, finance) To extract (money) from a bank account or other financial deposit.
To take away or take back (something previously given or permitted); to remove, to retract.
To draw or pull (something) away or back from its original position or situation.
se retirer
To remove (someone or (reflexive, archaic) oneself) from a position or situation; specifically (military) , to remove (soldiers) from a battle or position where they are stationed.

withdrawal /wɪðˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪðˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /wɪθˈdɹɔː(ə)l/ /wɪθˈdɹɔːɹəl/ /ˈwɪθˌdɹɔːl/ withdrawals n
retrait
Receiving from someone's care what one has earlier entrusted to them. Usually refers to money.
An act of withdrawing or a state of being withdrawn.
sevrage manque
A type of metabolic shock the body undergoes when a substance (such as a drug) on which a patient is dependent is withheld.

withdrawal symptom withdrawal symptoms n
manque état de manque
(medicine, especially in plural) Any of a wide range of symptoms associated with the discontinuance of a drug by an addicted individual.

withe /waɪð/ /wɪð/ /wɪθ/ withes n
brin d'osier
A flexible, slender shoot or twig, especially when used as a band or for binding; a withy.

wither /ˈwɪðə/ /ˈwɪðɚ/ v
faner dessécher flétrir
(intransitive) To shrivel, droop or dry up, especially from lack of water.

withered /ˈwɪðəd/ /ˈwɪðɚd/ more withered most withered adj
flétri
Shrivelled, shrunken or faded, especially due to lack of water.

witherite witherites n
withérite
(mineral) A yellow-grey mineral form of barium carbonate, BaCO3

withers /ˈwɪð.əz/ /ˈwɪð.ɚz/ n
garrot
The part of the back of a four-legged animal that is between the shoulder blades; in many species the highest point of the body and the standard place to measure the animal's height. [from 1580]

withhold /wɪðˈhoʊld/ /wɪðˈhəʊld/ /wɪθˈhoʊld/ /wɪθˈhəʊld/ v
retenir

within /wɪðˈɪn/ /wɪˈθɪn/ preposition
dedans
In the inner part, spatially; physically inside.
avant d'ici
Before the specified duration ends.

within one's means
selon ses moyens

within one's rights
dans son bon droit

within reach
à portée de main
At a distance close enough to touch by reaching.

without /wɪðˈaʊt/ /wɪθˈaʊt/ [wɪðˈɐʊt] [wɪθˈɐʊt] preposition
sans avec pas de pas de hormis à l'exclusion de
Not doing or not having done something.

without a doubt
sans aucun doute sans doute
certainly; doubtlessly; unquestionably; indisputably; doubtless; surely; no doubt; without any doubt.

without a hitch
sans aucun problème
(of an event or process) Without any problems.

without a trace
sans laisser de trace
Without showing or leaving behind any sign of something; tracelessly.

without exception
sans exception
exceptionlessly; in their entirety.

without fail
sans faute
(idiomatic) Certainly; by all means; as a matter of importance.

without loss of generality
sans perte de généralité
(mathematics) With a constraining assumption that, however, makes it clear how to apply the proof performed under this assumption to the general case unconstrained by the assumption.

without tears /wɪθˈaʊt tiːɹz/ /wɪθˈaʊt tɪəz/ /wɪθˈaʊt tɪɹz/
facile pour les nuls sans peine
(figuratively) Presented so as to be easy to learn.

withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ /wɪθˈstænd/ v
résister
(transitive) To resist or endure (something) successfully.

witless more witless most witless adj
stupide
Lacking wit or understanding; foolish.

witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ /ˈwɪtnɪs/ witnesses n
témoignage
(uncountable) Attestation of a fact or event; testimony.
(countable) One who is called upon to witness an event or action, such as a wedding or the signing of a document.
témoin
(countable) One who sees or has personal knowledge of something.
(countable, law) Someone called to give evidence in a court.
preuve
(countable) Something that serves as evidence; a sign or token.

witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ /ˈwɪtnɪs/ v
témoigner
(transitive) To furnish proof of, to show.

witnessing witnessings n
témoignage
The act of bearing witness.

witticism /ˈwɪ.tɪ.sɪz.əm/ witticisms n
mot d'esprit trait d'esprit
a witty remark

witty /ˈwɪti/ [ˈwɪɾi] wittier wittiest adj
fin
Clever; amusingly ingenious.
spirituel
Full of wit.
Quick of mind; insightful; in possession of wits.

witzchoura /vɪtˈʃʊəɹə/ /vɪtˈʃʊɚɹə/ witzchouras n
vitchoura
(historical) A woman's fur-lined cloak, mantle, or pelisse with large sleeves, worn during the early 19th century.

wizard /wɪz.ɚd/ /ˈwɪz.əd/ wizards n
sorcier mage
Someone, usually male, who uses (or has skill with) magic, mystic items, and magical and mystical practices.
assistant
(computing) A computer program or script used to simplify complex operations, often for an inexperienced user.

wizened /ˈwizənd/ /ˈwɪzənd/ more wizened most wizened adj
ratatiné
Withered; lean and wrinkled by shrinkage as from age or illness.

woad /woʊd/ /wəʊd/ woads n
guède
(countable) The plant Isatis tinctoria.
pastel
(countable, and, uncountable) The blue vat dye made from the leaves of the plant through partial drying and fermentation.

wobble /ˈwɑbl̩/ /ˈwɒbl̩/ wobbles n
vacillement
An unsteady motion.

wobble /ˈwɑbl̩/ /ˈwɒbl̩/ v
branler osciller vaciller
(intransitive) To move with an uneven or rocking motion, or unsteadily to and fro.
vaciller
(intransitive) To vacillate in one's opinions.

wobbly /ˈwɑb(ə)li/ /ˈwɒb(ə)li/ wobblier wobbliest adj
chancelant vacillant
Unsteady and tending to wobble.

woe /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ interjection
hélas
(archaic) An exclamation of grief.

woe /woʊ/ /wəʊ/ woes n
douleur malheur misère tristesse
Calamity, trouble.

woe is me /ˌwoʊ ɪz ˈmi/ /ˌwəʊ ɪz ˈmiː/ interjection
pauvre de moi
(sometimes, humorous) Used to show that the speaker feels distress or misery.

woebegone /ˈwoʊbɪɡɑn/ /ˈwoʊbɪɡɔn/ /ˈwəʊbɪɡɒn/ more woebegone most woebegone adj
désolé
In a deplorable state.
abattu
Filled with or deeply affected by woe.

wog /wɒɡ/ wogs n
bougnoule
(British, slang, pejorative, ethnic slur) Any person who looks in-between "white" and "black": originally specifically an Indian, but later also broadened to anybody of Middle Eastern or Mediterranean descent.
(Scientology, often, attributive) A person who is not a Scientologist.

woggle /ˈwɒɡəl/ woggles n
bague de foulard
A Boy Scout's neckerchief clasp or slide, originally a loop or ring of leather.

wok /wɑk/ /wɒk/ woks n
wok
A large, round-bottomed cooking pan used in East Asian cooking.

woke /woʊk/ /wəʊk/ more woke most woke woker wokest adj
au fait politiquement correct
(originally, _, AAVE, slang) Alert, aware of what is going on, or well-informed, especially in racial and other social justice issues.

wokeism n
wokisme
(slang, derogatory, politics) The quality or state of holding left-wing views or attitudes, in a way that is deemed overzealous, performative, or insincere.

wokeness n
wokisme
(US, slang, politics) The quality or state of being woke (aware of social justice issues).
(slang, politics) The quality or state of being woke (holding left-wing views or attitudes).

wolf /wʊf/ /wʊlf/ /wʌlf/ [wɫ̩f] [wʊwf] [wʊ̠ɫf] wolves n
loup louve
Any of several related canines that resemble Canis lupus in appearance, especially those of the genus Canis.
tombeur
A man who makes amorous advances to many women.
loup
(music) A wolf tone or wolf note.

wolf /wʊf/ /wʊlf/ /wʌlf/ [wɫ̩f] [wʊwf] [wʊ̠ɫf] v
engloutir dévorer
(transitive) To devour; to gobble; to eat (something) voraciously.

wolf cub /ˈwʊlfkʌb/ wolf cubs n
louveteau Louvetelle louvetelle
A young wolf.

wolf dog wolf dogs n
chien-loup
A hybrid between a wolf and a dog.

wolf eliminator wolf eliminators n
anti-rouleur
A device which serves to counteract an instrument's wolf note.

wolf in sheep's clothing /ˈwʊlf ən ˈʃips ˈkloʊðɪŋ/ /ˈwʊlf ɪn ˈʃiːps ˈkləʊðɪŋ/ wolves in sheep's clothing n
loup déguisé en agneau loup déguisé en brebis loup déguisé en mouton
(idiomatic) Someone who or something which is harmful or threatening but disguised as something peaceful or pleasant.

wolf spider wolf spiders n
araignée-loup lycose
Any of several species of wandering spiders (family Lycosidae) that catch their prey on the ground by stalking it and not building webs.

wolf whistle wolf whistles n
sifflement
A whistle, of two notes, to signify sexual interest in someone.

wolf whistle v
siffler
To whistle in appreciation or sexual interest.

wolfberry wolfberries n
goji lyciet
Lycium barbarum or Lycium chinense

wolffish /ˈwʊlfˌfɪʃ/ wolffish wolffishes n
poisson loup
Any fish of the family Anarhichadidae.

wolfish /ˈwʊlfiʃ/ /ˈwʊlviʃ/ more wolfish most wolfish adj
lupin
Pertaining to wolves.
de loup
Having the characteristics or habits of a wolf.

wolfpack /ˈwʊlfpæk/ wolfpacks n
bande meute de loups
A family or other group of wild wolves.

wolframite wolframites n
wolframite
(mineral) A mineral that consists of a tungstate of iron and manganese; (Fe,Mn)WO4.

wollastonite wollastonites n
wollastonite
(mineral) A grey inosilicate mineral, mostly calcium silicate, CaSiO3, found deposited in limestone.

wolverine /ˈwɒlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˈwʊlvəˌɹiːn/ /ˌwʊlvəˈɹiːn/ wolverines n
glouton carcajou
A solitary, fierce mammal of the Mustelidae family, Gulo gulows.

woman /ˈwoʊ.mən/ /ˈwʊm.ɘn/ /ˈwʊm.ən/ [ˈwo.mɪn] women n
femme
A female person, usually an adult; a (generally adult) female sentient being, whether human, supernatural, elf, alien, etc.

woman of easy virtue women of easy virtue n
femme de petite vertu

woman of the world women of the world n
femme du monde
() A worldly or sophisticated woman, one well versed in the ways and dealings of humankind.

womanhood /ˈwʊmənhʊd/ womanhoods n
féminité
The self-concept of a woman with respect to her possession of the various qualities traditionally and ideally ascribed to womanliness; a woman's sense or view of herself as being more or less womanly.

womanizer /ˈwʊm.əˌnaɪ.zəɹ/ womanizers n
coureur coureur de jupons homme à femmes Don Juan cavaleur womanizer
A man who habitually flirts with and seduces, or attempts to seduce, women.

womankind n
femmes
Women, taken collectively.

womanly /ˈwʊmənli/ womanlier womanliest adj
féminin
Considered typical of, stereotypical of, or appropriate to women; feminine.

womb /wuːm/ wombs n
utérus matrice entrailles sein ventre
(anatomy) In female mammals, the organ in which the young are conceived and grow until birth; the uterus. [from 8th c.]
sein moule
(figuratively) A place where something is made or formed. [from 15th c.]

wombat /ˈwɑmˌbæt/ /ˈwɒm.bæt/ wombats n
wombat
Any of several herbivorous, burrowing marsupials, of the family Vombatidae, mainly found in southern and eastern Australia.

wombly more wombly most wombly adj
utérin
Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of having a womb.

women and children first phraseologicalUnit
les femmes et les enfants d’abord
An exhortation to follow the principle of removing women and children from danger before men.

women's rights n
droits de la femme

women's shelter women's shelters n
refuge pour femmes
A place of temporary refuge and support for women escaping violent or abusive situations, such as rape and domestic violence.

womynhood n
féminitude
(rare)

won /wɑn/ /wɒn/ won n
won
The currency of Korea, worth 100 jun in North Korea and 100 jeon in South Korea.

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ /ˈwʌndɚ/ wonders n
merveille
Something that causes amazement or awe; a marvel.

wonder /ˈwʌndə/ /ˈwʌndɚ/ v
étonner étonné
(intransitive) To be affected with surprise or admiration; to be struck with astonishment; to be amazed; to marvel; often followed by at.
se demander conjecturer
(transitive, intransitive) To ponder; to feel doubt and curiosity; to query in the mind.

wonderful /ˈwʌn.də.fl̩/ /ˈwʌn.dɚ.fl̩/ more wonderful most wonderful wonderfuler wonderfulest wonderfuller wonderfullest adj
merveilleux
Surprisingly excellent; very good or admirable, extremely impressive.

wonderfully /wʌn.də(ɹ).fli/ more wonderfully most wonderfully adv
merveilleusement
In a wonderful manner.
To an extent inspiring wonder.

wonderland /ˈwʌndəˌlænd/ /ˈwʌndɚˌlænd/ wonderlands n
pays des merveilles
An imaginary or real place full of wonder or marvels.

wonderstruck more wonderstruck most wonderstruck adj
muet émerveillé
Filled or overcome with wonder.

wondrous /ˈwʌndɹəs/ more wondrous most wondrous adj
merveilleux
Wonderful; amazing, inspiring awe; marvelous.

wonk wonks n
bûcheur
(derogatory, informal) An overly studious person, particularly a student.

wont /woʊnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wəʊnt/ /wʊnt/ /wʌnt/ adj
habitué
Accustomed or used (to or with a thing), accustomed or apt (to do something).

wont /woʊnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wəʊnt/ /wʊnt/ /wʌnt/ wonts n
coutume habitude
(archaic) One's habitual way of doing things; custom, habit, practice.

wont /woʊnt/ /wɑnt/ /wɒnt/ /wɔnt/ /wəʊnt/ /wʊnt/ /wʌnt/ v
habituer
(transitive, archaic) To make (someone) used to; to accustom.
être habitué
(intransitive, archaic) To be accustomed (to something), to be in the habit (of doing something).

wonted /ˈwoʊntɪd/ /ˈwɑntɪd/ /ˈwɔntɪd/ /ˈwəʊntɪd/ more wonted most wonted adj
habitué
Usual, customary, habitual, or accustomed.

wonton /ˈwɑntɑn/ /ˈwɒntɒn/ wontons n
wantan wanton wonton wuntun
A Chinese dumpling, often stuffed with varieties of meat or seafood and vegetables.

woo /wuː/ v
courtiser faire la cour
(transitive) To endeavor to gain someone's support.

wood /wʊd/ woods n
bois
(uncountable) The substance making up the central part of the trunk and branches of a tree. Used as a material for construction, to manufacture various items, etc. or as fuel.
(countable) The wood of a particular species of tree.
(countable, golf) A type of golf club, the head of which was traditionally made of wood.
(music) A woodwind instrument.
bois de chauffage
Firewood.

wood alcohol wood alcohols n
alcool de bois
(organic compound) The compound methyl alcohol or methanol.

wood anemone wood anemones n
anémone sylvie
Either of two plant species of the family Ranunculaceae, Anemone nemorosa and Anemone quinquefolia.

wood cudweed n
gnaphale des bois
A weedy plant of species Gnaphalium sylvaticum, found in the north temperate zone.

wood ear wood ears n
oreille de Judas
An edible fungus in the genus Auricularia, shaped like an ear and growing on wood.

wood engraving wood engravings n
xylogravure gravure sur bois
A variation of the woodcut method executed with a different tool (burin) and different wood (end grain), allowing for more detailed images.

wood horsetail wood horsetails n
prêle des bois
A plant in the taxonomic genus Equisetum (horsetails); Equisetum sylvaticum.

wood pigeon wood pigeons n
palombe ramier
The common wood pigeon, an Old World species of pigeon, Columba palumbus.

wood pulp wood pulps n
pâte à papier
pulp made from wood (most often softwood, but sometimes hardwood) that is used to make paper

wood sage wood sages n
germandrée scorodoine sauge des bois
An herb in the mint family, Teucrium scorodonia.

wood sandpiper wood sandpipers n
chevalier sylvain
A Eurasian species of small wader birds, Tringa glareola, that is the smallest of the shanks.

wood spirit wood spirits n
esprit de bois
(countable) A dryad or other spiritual being associated with forests, woods, or trees.

wood warbler wood warblers n
pouillot siffleur
Phylloscopus sibilatrix, a common and widespread leaf warbler which breeds throughout northern and temperate Europe, and just into the extreme west of Asia in the southern Ural Mountains.

woodblock printing n
impression au bloc de bois
A technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and later paper.

woodchat shrike woodchat shrikes n
pie-grièche à tête rousse
Lanius senator, a species in the shrike family (Laniidae).

woodchuck /ˈwʊd.t͡ʃʌk/ woodchucks n
marmotte (d’Amérique) siffleux
A rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots, Marmota monax.

woodcock /ˈwʊd.kɒk/ woodcock woodcocks n
bécasse
Any of several wading birds in the genus Scolopax, of the family Scolopacidae, characterised by a long slender bill and cryptic brown and blackish plumage.

woodcut woodcuts n
xylographie gravure sur bois
(uncountable) A method of printmaking from such a block.

woodcutter woodcutters n
bûcheron
A person who cuts wood.

wooded /ˈwʊdɪd/ more wooded most wooded adj
boisé
Covered with trees.

wooden /ˈwʊdən/ more wooden most wooden adj
en bois boisé
Made of wood.
en bois raide boisé
(figuratively) As if made of wood; moving awkwardly, or speaking with dull lack of emotion.

wooden spoon /ˈwʊdən spuːn/ wooden spoons n
cuillère en bois
A spoon made from wood, commonly used in food preparation.
(idiomatic) An ironic prize for finishing last in a competition.

woodland /ˈwʊd.lənd/ more woodland most woodland adj
sylvestre
Of a creature or object: growing, living, or existing in a woodland.

woodland /ˈwʊd.lənd/ woodlands n
bois
Land covered with woody vegetation.

woodlark woodlarks n
alouette lulu
A lark, Lullula arborea, the only member of the genus Lullula, found in western Eurasia and northern Africa.

woodlouse /ˈwʊd.ˌlaʊs/ woodlice n
cloporte
Any of the terrestrial isopod crustaceans of suborder Oniscidea, which have a rigid, segmented exoskeleton, often being capable of rolling into a ball, and feed only on dead plant matter, usually living in damp, dark places, such as under stones or bark.

woodpecker /ˈwʊdpɛkə/ /ˈwʊdˌpɛkɚ/ woodpeckers n
pic pic-vert pivert
Any bird of species-rich family Picidae, with a strong pointed beak suitable for pecking holes in wood.

woodpusher woodpushers n
pousseur de bois
(chess, informal, pejorative) A bad player; an amateur.

woodruff /ˈwʊdɹʌf/ woodruffs n
reine des bois aspérule
Galium odoratum, an aromatic herb.

woodshed woodsheds n
bûcher
An enclosed, roofed structure, often an outbuilding, used primarily to store firewood.

woodwind /ˈwʊdwɪnd/ woodwinds n
bois
(musical instruments) Any (typically wooden) musical instrument that produces sound by the player blowing into it, through a reed, or across an opening. Woodwind instruments include the recorder, flute, piccolo, clarinet, oboe, cor anglais and bassoon.

woodwind instrument woodwind instruments n
bois

woodwork woodworks n
charpenterie menuiserie ébénisterie
(uncountable, countable) Something made from wood, especially cabinets and trim#Noun (e.g., baseboards, doorframes) made from millwork.
charpenterie
(only in plural, often in proper names) A workshop or factory devoted to making wood products.

woodworker woodworkers n
menuisier
A person skilled at woodworking.

woody /ˈwʊdi/ woodier woodiest adj
boisé
Covered in woods; wooded.
ligneux
(botany) Non-herbaceous.

woof /wuf/ /wuːf/ /wʊf/ woofs n
trame
The set of yarns carried by the shuttle of a loom which are placed crosswise at right angles to and interlaced with the warp; the weft.
ouaf oua-oua
The sound a dog makes when barking; a bark.
(by extension) A sound resembling a dog's bark; specifically (sound engineering) , a low-frequency sound of bad quality produced by a loudspeaker.

woof /wuf/ /wuːf/ /wʊf/ v
aboyer
Of a person or thing: to make a sound resembling a dog's bark.

woofer /ˈwʊfɚ/ woofers n
haut-parleur de graves woofer
A loudspeaker that produces low-frequency sound.

wool /wʊl/ [wəl] [wɫ̩] [wʊ̠ɫ] wools n
laine
The hair of the sheep, llama and some other ruminants.
A cloth or yarn made from the wool of sheep.

woolen /ˈwʊlən/ adj
en laine
Made of wool.

woolen /ˈwʊlən/ woolens n
lainage
(American spelling) An item of clothing made from wool

woolly /ˈwʊli/ woollier woolliest adj
laineux
Made of wool.

woolly bear woolly bears n
chenille hérissonne
Specifically, the larva of a moth of the family Arctiidae.
fumigène
(military slang, historical) An explosive shell that gives out dense smoke when it bursts.

woolly mammoth woolly mammoths n
mammouth laineux
A very hairy mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius, widespread in colder regions of the Northern Hemisphere during the Pleistocene period.

woolly rhinoceros n
rhinocéros laineux

wop /wɒp/ wops n
rital macaroni
(UK, US, Australia, slang, offensive, derogatory, ethnic slur) A person of Italian descent.

word /wɜːd/ /wɝd/ words n
mot parole
The smallest unit of language that has a particular meaning and can be expressed by itself; the smallest discrete, meaningful unit of language. (contrast morpheme.)
(computing) A fixed-size group of bits handled as a unit by a machine and which can be stored in or retrieved from a typical register (so that it has the same size as such a register). [from 20th c.]
parole
(now, rare, _, outside certain phrases) Something that someone said; a comment, utterance; speech. [from 10th c.]
parole mot
A promise; an oath or guarantee. [from 10th c.]
(theology, sometimes Word) Communication from God; the message of the Christian gospel; the Bible, Scripture. [from 10th c.]
Verbe verbe
(theology, sometimes Word) Logos, Christ. [from 8th c.]

word /wɜːd/ /wɝd/ v
formuler
(transitive) To say or write (something) using particular words; to phrase (something).

word break word breaks n
coupure
(usually) A point in writing where a word is split so that part of it is relegated to the next line, typically at the end of a syllable and marked with a hyphen: an intersyllabic division.

word of honor words of honor n
parole d’honneur
A promise; a pledge of one's good faith, veracity, and reliability.

word of mouth n
bouche à oreille
(idiomatic) Verbal means of passing on information.

word order word orders n
ordre des mots
The ordering of the syntactic constituents of a language.

word processing /ˈwəːdˌprəʊsɛsŋ/ n
traitement de texte
(computing) The creation, input, editing and formatting of documents and other text using software on a computer.

word salad word salads n
salade de mots
(psychiatry) A nonsensical assemblage of words, typical of schizophrenia, Wernicke's aphasia, and some other mental disorders.

word search word searches n
mot caché
(games) A word game consisting of a grid of letters, the aim of which is to find an array of given words hidden within the grid.

word to the wise adv
à bon entendeur salut
(idiomatic) Used to emphasis following as a piece of significant advice.

word-for-word adj
mot à mot mot pour mot
Using exactly the same words (as were originally used).

word-formational adj
dérivationnel
(linguistics) of or pertaining to word formation; morphological

wordily more wordily most wordily adv
prolixement verbeusement
In a wordy manner; using too many words.

wording wordings n
formulation choix de mots
A choice of words and the style in which they are used in a given context.

wordplay wordplays n
jeu de mots

wordsmith /ˈwɜːdsmɪθ/ /ˈwɝdˌsmɪθ/ wordsmiths n
belle plume poète
One who uses words skilfully. [from late 19th c.]

wordy /ˈwɝdi/ wordier wordiest adj
verbeux
Using an excessive number of words.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] works n
travail
The place where one is employed.
(physics) A measure of energy expended in moving an object; most commonly, force times distance. No work is done if the object does not move.
travail œuvre création
labour, occupation, job.
travail œuvre
effort expended on a particular task.
œuvre travail
(countable) A literary, artistic, or intellectual production.

work /wøːk/ /wɜɪ̯k/ /wɜː(ɹ)k/ /wɜːk/ /wɝk/ /wɵːk/ [wœːk] [wɔːk] [wɚk] [wɛːk] [wɜːk] [wʊːɹk] v
travailler bosser
(intransitive) To do a specific task by employing physical or mental powers.
broder
(transitive) To embroider with thread.
opérer
(transitive) To operate in a certain place, area, or speciality.
faire travailler
(transitive, law) To cause to happen or to occur as a consequence.
marcher fonctionner actionner
(intransitive) To function correctly; to act as intended; to achieve the goal designed for.
se travailler
(intransitive) To behave in a certain way when handled

work experience n
expérience professionnelle
Professional experience.
stage en entreprise
(UK) A short unpaid period of time at a workplace, to gain experience of a working environment.

work function work functions n
travail de sortie
(physics) The minimum energy needed to remove an electron from the surface of a material

work hardening n
écrouissage
(metallurgy) The repeated plastic deformation of a material, causing a permanent distortion of its crystal structure, and an increase in its strength

work in progress works in progress n
travail en cours

work of art works of art n
œuvre d’art ouvrage d'art
A product of the fine arts; a painting, sculpture, etc.

work one's fingers to the bone v
travailler comme un forcené travailler comme un forçat travailler comme un nègre

work out /ˌwəːk ˈaʊt/ /ˌwɚk ˈaʊt/ v
calculer
(transitive) To calculate.
élaborer entraîner
(transitive) To develop or devise in detail; to elaborate.

work permit work permits n
permis de travail
A legal authorization which allows a person to take employment in a country other than that in which he/she holds citizenship.

work someone's ass off v
travailler comme un dératé travailler comme un forcené
(This entry is a translation hub.) (idiomatic, vulgar, slang) To work, or cause to work, excessively or to the point of exhaustion; see work + someone's ass off.

work wonders v
faire des merveilles faire des miracles

work-to-rule work-to-rules n
grève du zèle grève perlée
A labor protest in which employees do only the minimum work required by the rules of a workplace, following safety or other regulations to the letter in order to cause a slowdown.

workability workabilities n
ouvrabilité
The ease with which something can be worked or fashioned.

workaholic more workaholic most workaholic adj
stakhanoviste workaholique
In the nature or manner of a workaholic.

workaholic workaholics n
bourreau de travail stakhanoviste workaholique
A person who feels compelled to work excessively, including while at home.

workaround /ˈwɜːk.əɹaʊnd/ workarounds n
bidouillage magouillage solution trucage
A means of overcoming some obstacle, especially an obstacle consisting of constraints, or laws or regulations.
contournement
(computing) A procedure or a temporary fix that bypasses a problem and allows a user to continue working until a better solution can be provided.

workbench /ˈwɝk.bɛnt͡ʃ/ workbenches n
établi
A sturdy bench or table at which manual work is done by a carpenter, machinist, etc.

workbook workbooks n
cahier d'exercice
A book, used by a student, in which answers and workings may be entered besides questions and exercises.
A book, used by a business, containing a record of work to be done, or work completed.

workday workdays n
jour ouvrable
(chiefly, US) Any of the days of a week on which work is done; any day in a workweek. The five workdays in many countries are usually Monday to Friday (and are defined as such in official and legal usage even though many people work on weekends).

worker /ˈwɜː.kə/ /ˈwɝ.kɚ/ workers n
ouvrier ouvrière travailleur travailleuse
A person who performs labor for a living, especially manual labor.
ouvrière ouvrier
A nonreproductive social insect, such as ant, bee, termite, or wasp.

worker bee worker bees n
abeille ouvrière ouvrière
A sterile bee whose specialty is to support the hive, especially by collecting pollen.

workers of the world, unite phraseologicalUnit
prolétaires de tous les pays, unissez-vous
Laborers are encouraged to unionize or otherwise engage in collective action on a global scale in order to use the strength of their numbers to obtain better conditions.

workers' compensation n
assurance accident
Insurance that pays for medical costs resulting from injuries sustained by employees in the workplace.

workers' party workers' parties n
parti ouvrier
(politics) A political party; its name has been used by both organisations on the left and right of the political spectrum. It is currently used by followers of Marxism, Marxism-Leninism, Maoism, social democracy, democratic socialism, socialism and Trotskyism.

workflow /ˈwɜːkfləʊ/ /ˈwɝkfloʊ/ workflows n
workflow
The rate at which a flow of work takes place
flux de travail flux de travaux workflow
(business) A process or procedure by which tasks are completed. It may be defined by a flowchart with actors, actions, results, decisions, and action paths.

workforce /ˈwɜːk.foəs/ /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/ /ˈwɝk.fo(ː)ɹs/ /ˈwɝk.foɹs/ [ˈwɚk.fo̞ɹs] workforces n
main-d'œuvre personnel
All the workers employed by a specific organization or state, or on a specific project.

workgroup /ˈwəːkɡɹuːp/ workgroups n
groupe de travail
(computing) A computer network created for use by such groups.

workhorse workhorses n
bourreau de travail
(by extension) Someone or something that does a lot of work; something or someone who works consistently or regularly.

working /ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ /ˈwɝkɪŋ/ workings n
fonctionnement
Method of operation.

working capital n
fonds de roulement
(business, accounting) A financial metric that is a measure of current assets of a business that exceeds its liabilities and can be applied to its operation

working class working classes n
classe ouvrière
The social class of those who perform physical work for a living, as opposed to the professional or middle class, the upper class, or others.

working conditions n
conditions de travail
The environment in which one works, as influenced by factors such as cleanliness, lighting, equipment, paid overtime, uniforms, access to amenities, etc.

working day working days n
jour ouvrable jour ouvré
Any of those days of a week on which work is done, officially Monday to Friday in many countries (even though many people work on weekends).
jour ouvrable jour ouvré journée de travail
The part of a day in which work is done; the number of hours one must work per day for a specified wage.

working dog working dogs n
chien de travail
(cynology) Any breed of dog developed primarily to assist humans in performing tasks, such as farming, controlling livestock, law enforcement, or assisting the blind.

working family working families n
famille ouvrière
A family in the working class.

working group working groups n
groupe de travail
Any more or less formal team working for a specific purpose.

working hypothesis working hypotheses n
hypothèse de travail
A hypothesis that is unverified yet tentatively chosen as a best guess to build upon or put effort into its verification.

working language working languages n
langue de travail
Language that is given a unique legal status in an international organisation or other supranational body as its primary means of communication.
(translation studies) Language that a translator or interpreter works with.

working life working lives n
vie active
The period of one's life spent in employment, between leaving school and retirement.

working memory working memories n
mémoire de travail
(psychology) A cognitive system with a limited capacity that can hold information temporarily.

working title working titles n
nom provisoire titre provisoire
The temporary name of a product or project (such as a film or video game), when under development; often changed when released.

worklist worklists n
liste de tâches

workload workloads n
charge de travail
The amount of work assigned to a particular worker, normally in a specified time period

workman /ˈwɜːkmən/ /ˈwɝkmən/ workmen n
ouvrier
A man who labours for wages.

workout /ˈwɜːk.aʊ̯t/ /ˈwɝk.aʊ̯t/ workouts n
entraînement
An exercise session; a period of physical exercise.

workplace workplaces n
lieu de travail travail
The place where someone works.

workroom workrooms n
atelier
A room, such as a workshop or studio, where work is done.

works council works councils n
comité d'entreprise CE
An organization representing workers within a commercial corporation, known in several European jurisdictions.

workshop /ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/ /ˈwɜːk.ʃɔp/ /ˈwɝk.ʃɑp/ workshops n
atelier
A room, especially one which is not particularly large, used for manufacturing or other light industrial work.
A brief, intensive course of education for a small group, emphasizing interaction and practical problem solving.

workspace workspaces n
espace de travail
An area allocated for someone to work in, especially in an office.

workstation workstations n
station de travail
a desktop computer, normally more powerful than a normal PC and often dedicated to a specific task, such as graphics
poste de travail
an area, at a workplace, for a single worker

worktop worktops n
plan de travail
(UK) A surface, usually resting on cupboards or drawers that can be used to work on. Usually in a kitchen.

workweek workweeks n
semaine de travail
(US) The range of days of the week that are normally worked

world /wərld/ /wɜɹld/ /wɜːld/ /wɵːld/ [wɚːɫd] [wɵːɯ̯d̥] worlds n
monde
(with "the" or a plural possessive pronoun) The subjective human experience, regarded collectively; human collective existence; existence in general.
(countable) A planet, especially one which is inhabited or inhabitable.
An individual or group perspective or social setting.
monde Terre terre univers
(computing) The part of an operating system distributed with the kernel, consisting of the shell and other programs.

world capital world capitals n
capitale mondiale

world champion world champions n
champion du monde championne du monde
The winner of a world cup or world championship.

world cup world cups n
coupe du monde
An event or competition where competitors and/or teams from several different countries to establish a world champion.
The trophy awarded to the winner of such an event.

world line world lines n
ligne d'univers
(physics) A path in spacetime, especially that traversed by an elementary particle from its creation to its destruction.

world map /wɜːld ˈmæp/ /wɝːld ˈmæp/ world maps n
mappemonde planisphère carte du monde
A map of a world; a cartographic representation, a projection done to scale, representative of a planet's surface.

world of difference worlds of difference n
monde de différence

world order world orders n
ordre mondial
A particular structure that manages the world's stability, informed by a number of legal, political and socio-economic factors.

world peace n
paix mondiale
The ideology of universal global understanding and non-violence.

world power world powers n
puissance mondiale
A nation or state so powerful that it can influence world affairs.

world record world records n
record du monde record mondial
(sports) The world's best score or time for a certain event.

world war world wars n
guerre mondiale
A war involving the major nations of the world.

world's oldest profession n
plus vieux métier du monde
(euphemistic) Prostitution.

world-class /wɜː(ɹ)ldˈklæs/ /wɜː(ɹ)ldˈklɑːs/ more world-class most world-class adj
de classe internationale de classe mondiale parmi les meilleurs du monde
Of a standard that ranks among the best in the world.

world-famous /ˌwɜːldˈfeɪməs/ /ˌwɝldˈfeɪməs/ more world-famous most world-famous adj
mondialement connu
Renowned universally; known worldwide.

world-renowned adj
de renommée mondiale
Of worldwide renown; known and respected internationally.

worldbuilding n
cosmopoésie
(fiction) The conception and description of a fictional world that is the setting of a work of fiction, particularly in high fantasy and science fiction.

worldly /ˈwɜː(ɹ)ldli/ more worldly most worldly worldlier worldliest adj
mondain
Concerned with human or earthly matters, physical as opposed to spiritual.

worldview worldviews n
vision du monde
One's personal view of the world and how one interprets it.

worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ /ˈwɝldˌwaɪd/ /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ /ˌwɝldˈwaɪd/ more worldwide most worldwide adj
mondial
Spanning the world; global.

worldwide /ˈwɜːldwaɪd/ /ˈwɝldˌwaɪd/ /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/ /ˌwɝldˈwaɪd/ adv
dans le monde entier mondialement
Throughout the world.

worm /wɜːm/ /wɝm/ worms n
dragon
(archaic) A type of wingless "dragon", especially a gigantic sea serpent or any kind of dragon.
vermine scarabée
A contemptible or devious being.
ver
(computing) A self-replicating program that propagates through a network.
(obsolete) Any creeping or crawling animal, such as a snake, snail, or caterpillar.
vis sans fin
Anything helical, especially the thread of a screw.
remords
(figuratively) An internal tormentor; something that gnaws or afflicts one’s mind with remorse.

worm /wɜːm/ /wɝm/ v
ramper
(transitive) To make (one's way) with a crawling motion.
(intransitive) To move with one's body dragging the ground.
infiltrer s'insinuer
(transitive, figuratively) To work (one's way or oneself) (into) gradually or slowly; to insinuate.
tirer les vers du nez
(transitive, figuratively, in “worm out of”) To drag out of, to get information that someone is reluctant or unwilling to give (through artful or devious means or by pleading or asking repeatedly).
vermifuger
(transitive) To cut the worm, or lytta, from under the tongue of (a dog, etc.) for the purpose of checking a disposition to gnaw, and formerly supposed to guard against canine madness.

worm-eaten more worm-eaten most worm-eaten adj
teigneux véreux
Of fruit or other food, eaten by worms, especially having a worm inside.

wormhole wormholes n
trou de ver
A hole burrowed by a worm.
(relativity) A hypothetical shortcut between two points in spacetime, permitting faster-than-light travel and sometimes time travel.
(programming, slang) A location in a monitor program containing the address of a routine, allowing the user to substitute different functionality.

wormwood /ˈwə(ɹ)m.wʊd/ /ˈwɚm.wʊd/ wormwoods n
absinthe armoise
An intensely bitter herb (Artemisia absinthium and similar plants in genus Artemisia) used in medicine, in the production of absinthe and vermouth, and as a tonic.
amertume fiel
(figurative) Something that causes bitterness or affliction; a cause of mortification or vexation.

worn out more worn out most worn out adj
usé
Damaged and useless due to hard or continued use.
épuisé claqué crevé
Exhausted or fatigued from exertion.

worriable /ˈwʌɹi.əbl/ more worriable most worriable adj
souciable
(rare) Capable of becoming worried.

worried /ˈwɝid/ /ˈwʌɹid/ more worried most worried adj
inquiet
Thinking about unpleasant things that have happened or that might happen; feeling afraid and unhappy.

worrisome /ˈwɝisəm/ /ˈwʌɹisəm/ [ˈwɜː(ə)səm] more worrisome most worrisome worrisomer worrisomest adj
anxiogène inquiétant
Causing worry; perturbing or vexing.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ worries n
souci angoisse
A strong feeling of anxiety.

worry /ˈwɒɹi/ /ˈwəʊɹi/ /ˈwɝi/ /ˈwʌɹi/ v
inquiéter
(intransitive) To be troubled; to give way to mental anxiety or doubt.
(transitive) Disturb the peace of mind of; afflict with mental agitation or distress.
harceler
(transitive) To harass; to irritate or distress.
(transitive) To seize or shake by the throat, especially of a dog or wolf.

worry someone sick v
se faire de la bile se faire des cheveux blancs se faire du mauvais sang se faire du mouron se faire un sang d'encre se ronger les sangs
(informal, reflexive) To worry to a great degree.

worrying /ˈwɝijˌɪŋ/ /ˈwʌɹijˌɪŋ/ more worrying most worrying adj
inquiétant
Inducing worry.

worrywart /ˈwɚ.iˌwoɹt/ /ˈwʌɹ.iˌwoɹt/ /ˈwʌɹ.iˌwɔːt/ /ˈwʌɹ.ɪˌwɔːt/ worrywarts n
angoissé
(originally, US) A person who worries excessively, especially about unimportant matters.

worse /wɜːs/ /wɝs/ [wəɪs] adj
pire plus mauvais
comparative form of bad

worse /wɜːs/ /wɝs/ [wəɪs] adv
plus mal
.
Less skillfully.
More severely or seriously.
(sentence adverb) Used to start a sentence describing something that is worse.

worse for wear adj
soûl
(idiomatic) Drunk.

worse things happen at sea proverb
il y a pire dans la vie on a connu pire

worsen /ˈwɜːsn̩/ /ˈwɝsn̩/ v
empirer
(transitive) To make worse; to impair.

worsening worsenings n
aggravation
A worse situation; an aggravation or deterioration

worship /ˈwɔɹʃɪp/ /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ /ˈwɝʃɪp/ worships n
adoration vénération culte
The devotion accorded to a deity or to a sacred object.
culte
The religious ceremonies that express this devotion.
(music, slang) The fact of an artist's music heavily drawing influence from some other artist's work in a way that appears too obvious or unapologetic; a piece of music that does that.

worship /ˈwɔɹʃɪp/ /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ /ˈwɝʃɪp/ v
adorer vénérer
(transitive) To honour with extravagant love and extreme submission, as a lover; to adore; to idolize.

worshipper worshippers n
adorateur adoratrice fidèle
A person who worships, especially at a place of assembly for religious services.

worst /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ adj
mauvais pire
Most inferior; doing the least good.

worst /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ worsts n
pire
Something or someone that is the worst.

worst comes to worst adv
dans le pire des cas si le pire devait arriver
(idiomatic) If a possible worst-case scenario actually occurs.

worst-case scenario adv
au pire dans le pire des cas

worst-case scenario worst-case scenarios n
pis-aller scénario catastrophe
Any situation or conclusion which could not be any worse; the worst possible outcome.

worsted /ˈwəː.stɪd/ /ˈwɝ.stɪd/ more worsted most worsted adj
annihilé anéanti battu battu à plate couture culbuté déconfit
Defeated, overcome.

worsted /ˈwɝ.stɪd/ /ˈwʊs.tɪd/ worsteds n
gabardine pure laine peignée
The fine, smooth fabric made from such wool yarn.

wort /woɹt/ /wɜːt/ /wɝt/ worts n
moût
(brewing, distilling) Also worts: a liquid extracted from mash (ground malt or some other grain soaked in hot water), which is then fermented to make beer or fermented and distilled to make a malt liquor such as whisky.

worth /wɜːθ/ /wɝθ/ adj
équivalent
Having a value of; proper to be exchanged for.
(obsolete, except in Scots) Valuable, worthwhile.
méritant valoir la peine
Making a fair equivalent of, repaying or compensating.

worth /wɜːθ/ /wɝθ/ worths n
valeur
(countable) Value.

worth it adj
valoir la peine
Worth doing; worth the time, effort, etc.

worth one's salt /-sɑlt/ /ˈwɜːθ wʌnz ˈsɒlt/ /ˈwɝθ wʌnz ˈsɔlt/ adj
digne de ce nom
(idiomatic) Adept or competent, especially at one's occupation.

worth one's weight in gold adj
valoir son pesant d'or
(idiomatic) Very valuable.

worth one's while adj
valant la peine
(idiomatic) Good and important enough for one to spend time, effort, or money on.

worth seeing adj
qui [[valoir le coup d'œil|vaut le coup d'œil]] qui vaut le détour
(This entry is a translation hub.)

worthily more worthily most worthily adv
dignement
In a worthy manner.

worthless /ˈwɜːθləs/ /ˈwɝθləs/ more worthless most worthless worthlesser worthlessest adj
sans valeur nul misérable ne vaut rien
Having no worth or use; without value.

worthwhile /wɜː(ɹ)θˈwaɪl/ /wɜː(ɹ)θˈʍaɪl/ more worthwhile most worthwhile adj
de valeur valant la peine
Good and important enough to spend time, effort, or money on.

worthy /ˈwɜːði/ /ˈwɝði/ worthier worthiest adj
digne
Having worth, merit, or value.
admirable honorable
Admirable or honourable.

would /wuːld/ /wəd/ /wʊd/ /wʊld/ /əd/ v
pouvoir veuillez vouloir
Used interrogatively to express a polite request; are (you) willing to …? [from 15th c.]

would like v
Use the conditional of vouloir
aimerais aimerais bien voudrais voudrais bien
(intransitive, with a full infinitive) Used to form polite requests

would-be /ˈwʊd biː/ adj
en puissance pseudo-
Attempting or desiring something.
soi-disant
Unfulfilled; frustrated in realizing a goal, ambition, etc.

woulda, coulda, shoulda phraseologicalUnit
il fallait il n'y avait qu'à yavéka yfalé
An expression of dismissiveness or disappointment concerning a statement, question, explanation, course of action, or occurrence involving hypothetical possibilities, uncertain facts, or missed opportunities. (This stems from expressing that someone could have, would have and/or should have done something)

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ wounds n
blessure plaie
An injury, such as a cut, stab, or tear, to a (usually external) part of the body.
blessure offense
(figuratively) A hurt to a person's feelings, reputation, prospects, etc.
blessure plaie lésion
(criminal, _, legal) An injury to a person by which the skin is divided or its continuity broken.

wound /waʊnd/ /wund/ /wuːnd/ /wyːnd/ v
blesser offenser
(transitive) To hurt or injure (someone) by cutting, piercing, or tearing the skin.

wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj
blessé
Suffering from a wound, especially one acquired in battle from a weapon, such as a gun or a knife.

woven /ˈwoʊvən/ /ˈwəʊvən/ adj
tissé
Fabricated by weaving.

wow /waʊ/ [waʊ̯] interjection
ouah oh là là waouh
An indication of excitement, surprise, astonishment, or pleasure.
ouah oh
An expression of amazement, awe, or admiration.

wrack /ɹæk/ wracks n
goémon
Any marine vegetation cast up on shore, especially seaweed of the family Fucaceae.

wraith /ɹeɪθ/ wraiths n
fantôme spectre
A ghost or specter, especially a person's likeness seen just after their death.

wrangle /ˈɹæŋɡ(ə)l/ /ˈɹæŋɡl̩/ v
disputer quereller
(also, figuratively) To quarrel angrily and noisily; to bicker.

wrap /ɹæp/ /ɹɒp/ wraps n
écharpe foulard
(chiefly, in plural, now, rare) An outer garment worn as protection while riding, travelling etc.
wrap crêpe
A type of food consisting of various ingredients wrapped in a tortilla or pancake.

wrap /ɹæp/ /ɹɒp/ v
emballer envelopper
(transitive) To enclose (an object) completely in any flexible, thin material such as fabric or paper.
enrouler
(transitive) To enclose or coil around an object or organism, as a form of grasping.

wrap around one's little finger v
mener quelqu'un par le bout du nez
(transitive, idiom) To successfully control or exert influence over, especially for a sustained period of time.

wrap up v
emballer
(transitive, and, intransitive) To cover or enclose (something) by folding and securing a covering entirely around it.
conclure terminer
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To conclude or finish completely.
(transitive, idiomatic, figurative) To tie up; to make too busy to respond.
récapituler résumer
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To summarize or recapitulate.
emmitoufler
(transitive, and, intransitive, idiomatic) To put on abundant clothing as protection from the cold; to bundle up.

wrapped /ɹæpt/ more wrapped most wrapped adj
emballé emballée enveloppé
Encased in a wrapping.

wrapper /ˈɹæpɚ/ wrappers n
emballage emballeur emballeuse enveloppe
Something that is wrapped around something else as a cover or protection: a wrapping.
classe wrapper
(object-oriented) A construct, such as a class or module, that serves to mediate access to another.

wrapping /ˈɹæ.pɪŋ/ wrappings n
emballage enveloppe
The material in which something is wrapped.

wrapping paper wrapping papers n
papier d'emballage
Paper used for wrapping parcels (in this case, often brown) or presents (in this case, often colourful/colorful and decorative).

wrasse /ɹæs/ wrasses n
girelle labre
Any one of numerous edible, marine, spiny-finned fishes of the family Labridae, of which several species are found in the Mediterranean and on the Atlantic coast of Europe. Many of the species are brightly colored. [from mid-17th c.]

wrath /ɹæθ/ /ɹɒθ/ /ɹɔːθ/ /ɹɔθ/ wraths n
colère fureur ire courroux
(uncountable, formal) Great anger; (countable) an instance of this.
courroux
(uncountable) Punishment, retribution, or vengeance resulting from anger; (countable) an instance of this.

wrathful /ˈɹæθfəl/ /ˈɹɒθfəl/ more wrathful most wrathful adj
courroucé
Possessed of great wrath; very angry.

wreak havoc /ɹiːk ˈhæv.ək/ v
semer la pagaille
To cause damage, disruption, or destruction.

wreath /ɹiːθ/ wreaths n
couronne
An ornamental circular band made, for example, of plaited flowers and leaves, and used as decoration; a garland or chaplet, especially one given to a victor.
tortil guirlande
(heraldry) An appendage to the shield, placed above it, and supporting the crest; an orle, a torse. It generally represents a twist of two cords of silk, one tinctured like the principal metal, the other like the principal color in the coat of arms.

wreck /ˈɹæk/ /ˈɹɛk/ wrecks n
épave
Something or someone that has been ruined.
carcasse
The remains of something that has been severely damaged or worn down.
accident
An event in which something is damaged through collision.

wreck /ˈɹæk/ /ˈɹɛk/ v
ruiner bousiller
(transitive) To destroy violently; to cause severe damage to something, to a point where it no longer works, or is useless.
ruiner
(transitive) To involve in a wreck; hence, to cause to suffer ruin; to balk of success, and bring disaster on.

wreck yard wreck yards n
casse automobile cour à scrap
The location of a dismantling business where wrecked or decommissioned vehicles are brought. Their usable parts are sold for use in operating vehicles, while the unusable metal parts, known as scrap metal, are sold to recycling companies.

wreckage wreckages n
décombre
Something wrecked, especially the remains or debris of something which has been severely damaged or destroyed.

wrecking ball wrecking balls n
boule de démolition boulet de démolition
A heavy steel ball, usually hung from a crane, that is used for demolishing large buildings.

wren /ɹɛn/ wrens n
roitelet roitelet huppé
Troglodytes troglodytes (Eurasian wren, type species and sole Old World species of the family Troglodytidae).

wrench /ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ wrenches n
clé clé de serrage clef clef à écrous serre-écrou
(US) A hand tool for making rotational adjustments, such as fitting nuts and bolts, or fitting pipes; a spanner. [from 18th c.]

wrench /ɹɛnt͡ʃ/ v
arracher
(transitive) To pull or twist violently. [from 13th c.]

wrest /ɹɛst/ v
arracher
(transitive) To obtain by pulling or violent force.

wrestle /ˈɹɛ.səl/ v
lutter
(intransitive) To contend, with an opponent, by grappling and attempting to throw, immobilize or otherwise defeat him, depending on the specific rules of the contest.

wrestler wrestlers n
lutteur
(wrestling) A person who wrestles.

wrestling /ˈɹɛs.lɪŋ/ /ˈɹɛs.l̩.ɪŋ/ wrestlings n
lutte catch
Ellipsis of professional wrestling (“act that emulates the sport of wrestling”).

wretch /ɹɛt͡ʃ/ wretches n
malheureuse malheureux misérable
An unhappy, unfortunate, or miserable person.

wretched /ˈɹɛt͡ʃəd/ /ˈɹɛt͡ʃɪd/ more wretched most wretched adj
misérable
Characterized by or feeling deep affliction or distress; very miserable.

wriggle /ˈɹɪɡəl/ v
remuer se tortiller
(intransitive) To twist one's body to and fro with short, writhing motions; to squirm.

wring /ɹɪŋ/ v
tordre
essorer
Often followed by out: to squeeze or twist (something moist) tightly so that liquid is forced out.

wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ wrinkles n
aspérité
A small furrow, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface.
ride
A line or crease in the skin, especially when caused by age or fatigue.

wrinkle /ˈɹɪŋkl̩/ v
rider froisser plisser
(transitive) To make wrinkles in; to cause to have wrinkles.

wrinkled /ˈɹɪŋkl̩d/ more wrinkled most wrinkled adj
ridé
(of a surface) Uneven, with many furrows and prominent points, often in reference to the skin or hide of animals.

wrist /ɹɪst/ wrists n
poignet
(anatomy) The complex joint between forearm bones, carpus, and metacarpals where the hand is attached to the arm; the carpus in a narrow sense.

wrist rest wrist rests n
repose-poignet
A padded platform that raises the wrists above a keyboard.

wrist wrap wrist wraps n
bandage d'haltérophilie bandage de poignet bandage de poignet élastique protège-poignet
A piece of equipment to keep the joints and ligaments of the hand in order while powerlifting or boxing.

wristband /ˈɹɪs(t)ˌbænd/ wristbands n
manchette
The cuff of a sleeve that wraps around the wrist.
bracelet
A band that supports a wristwatch.

wristwatch /ˈɹɪstˌwɑt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɒt͡ʃ/ /ˈɹɪstˌwɔt͡ʃ/ wristwatches n
montre bracelet-montre
A watch that is worn on a strap or band fastened around the wrist

writ /ɹɪt/ writs n
écrit
(archaic) That which is written; writing.
ordonnance
A written order, issued by the British House of Commons, ordering a parliamentary by-election, or an order, issued by the Lord Chancellor, ordering a general election, or one issued by the House of Lords summoning Peers to the Chamber.

write /ɹaɪt/ v
écrire rédiger
(transitive) To be the author of (a book, article, poem, etc.).
écrire
(transitive) To show (information, etc) in written form.
(intransitive) To be an author.
enregistrer écrire
(computing, intransitive, with to) To record data mechanically or electronically.
écrire à écrire
To impress durably; to imprint; to engrave.

write down v
écrire noter
(transitive) To produce or set (something) down in writing; to record something.

writer /ˈɹaɪ.tə/ /ˈɹaɪ.təɹ/ [ˈɹ̠aɪtə] [ˈɹ̠ăɪɾɚ] [ˈɹ̠ʌɪɾɚ] writers n
écrivain auteur
A person who writes, or produces literary work; an author can refer to themselves as "the writer".

writer's block writer's blocks n
angoisse de la page blanche syndrome de la page blanche
The (usually temporary) inability to begin or continue work on a piece of writing, especially creative writing.

writhe /ɹaɪð/ v
se débattre se démener se tortiller
(intransitive) To twist bodily; to contort one's self; to be distorted.

writing /ˈɹaɪtɪŋ/ writings n
écrit
(countable) Something written, such as a document, article or book.
écriture
(uncountable) The process of representing a language with symbols or letters.
œuvre
(countable) A work of an author.

writing board /ˈɹaɪtɪŋ bɔː(ɹ)d/ writing boards n
tableau
A smooth vertical surface to be written upon using an erasable material, large enough for several persons to read simultaneously.

writing desk writing desks n
bureau secrétaire
A desk at which someone may write.

writing pad writing pads n
bloc-notes
A collection of blank pages of writing paper, bound together, often with a cardboard cover

writing system writing systems n
système d'écriture écriture
(linguistics) A system for writing one or more languages; a particular alphabetic, syllabic, logographic, or other scheme. For example, the Latin alphabet or the Cyrillic alphabet.

written /ˈɹɪ.tən/ [ɹɪɾn̩] [ɹɪʔn̩] [ɹɪʔt̚n̩] adj
écrit
Of, relating, or characteristic of writing (i.e., of that which has been written).

wrong /ˈɹɑŋ/ /ˈɹɒŋ/ /ˈɹɔŋ/ more wrong most wrong wronger wrongest adj
incorrect faux erroné fautif
Incorrect or untrue.
dans l'erreur tort
Asserting something incorrect or untrue.
mal immoral
Immoral, not good, bad.
mauvais impropre
Improper; unfit; unsuitable.
qui ne va pas
Not working; out of order.

wrong /ˈɹɑŋ/ /ˈɹɒŋ/ /ˈɹɔŋ/ wrongs n
crime
Something that is immoral or not good.
tort
The incorrect or unjust position or opinion.
The opposite of right; the concept of badness.

wrong /ˈɹɑŋ/ /ˈɹɒŋ/ /ˈɹɔŋ/ v
nuire
To treat unjustly; to injure or harm.
léser
To deprive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice.

wrong number wrong numbers n
faux numéro
A telephone call received from an unfamiliar caller, due to a mistake in the number dialled.

wrong-way driver wrong-way drivers n
conducteur fantôme conductrice fantôme
A driver who drives in the unpermitted direction, particularly on a highway.

wrongdoer wrongdoers n
malfaiteur
Someone who does wrong, whether morally, ethically, or in contravention of a law.

wrongdoing /ˈɹɒŋˌduːɪŋ/ wrongdoings n
malfaisance
(uncountable) Violation of standards of behavior.
malfaisance méfait
(countable) An instance of doing wrong.

wrongly /ˈɹɑŋ.li/ /ˈɹɒŋ.li/ /ˈɹɔŋ.li/ more wrongly most wrongly adv
à tort
In violation of a moral or other standard, code, or convention; in an unfair, unjust, dishonest, or immoral manner; unfairly, unjustly, dishonestly, immorally, wrongfully; wrongly convicted is synonymous with wrongful conviction and miscarriage of justice.
erronément
Incorrectly, mistakenly; by error.

wroth /ɹɑθ/ /ɹɒθ/ /ɹɔθ/ /ɹəʊθ/ more wroth most wroth adj
courroucé
(formal, archaic) Full of anger; wrathful.

wrought /ɹɑt/ /ɹɔt/ /ɹɔːt/ more wrought most wrought adj
forgé travaillé
Having been worked or prepared somehow.

wrought iron wrought irons n
fer forgé
A tough, malleable, ductile form of iron that is forged rather than cast, suitable for welding.

wry /ɹaɪ/ wrier wriest wryer wryest adj
tordu
Turned away, contorted (of the face or body).
Twisted, bent, crooked.
ironique
Dryly humorous; sardonic or bitterly ironic.

wry /ɹaɪ/ v
tordre
(obsolete, transitive) To divert; to cause to turn away.

wryneck /ˈɹaɪnɛk/ wrynecks n
torcol torcol fourmilier
Either of two small woodpeckers, Jynx torquilla and Jynx ruficollis, of the Old World, that turn their heads almost 180 degrees when foraging.

wulfenite wulfenites n
wulfénite
(mineral) An orange mineral, lead molybdate, PbMoO4, found in lead veins.

wurst /vɜːst/ /vɝst/ /vʊəst/ /vʊɹst/ /wɜːst/ /wɝst/ wursts n
wurst
A German- or Austrian-style sausage.

wushu /ˈwuːˈʃuː/ n
wushu
Any Chinese martial art.

wuss /wʊs/ wusses n
chochotte mauviette
(slang) A weak, ineffectual, cowardly, or timid person.

wyde wydes n
seizet
(computing) Two-byte unsigned data, mainly used for a Unicode character.

wye /ˈwaɪ/ wyes n
i grec
The name of the Latin-script letter Y.

wyvern /ˈwaɪvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwiːvə(ɹ)n/ /ˈwɪvə(ɹ)n/ wyverns n
guivre vouivre
(heraldiccharge, mythology, fantasy) A draconian creature possessing wings, only two legs and usually a barbed tail.

wüstite wüstites n
wustite
(mineral) A grey mineral form of iron(II) oxide with a greenish tint.

x-axis x-axes n
axe des x axe des abscisses
(analytic geometry) The axis on a graph that is usually drawn left to right and usually shows the range of values of an independent variable.

xanthoma xanthomas xanthomata n
xanthome
(medicine) A small, yellow nodule, rich in cholesterol and other lipids, that occurs in the skin, often near a joint

xanthous /ˈzæn.θəs/ adj
ochracé ocre
Yellow-brown; yolk-colored.

xebec /zɪˈbɛk/ /ˈzibɛk/ /ˈziːbɛk/ xebecs n
chebec chebek
A small two-masted, and later three-masted, Mediterranean transport ship with an overhanging bow and stern. [from mid 18th c.]

xenarthran /zəˈnɑɹθɹən/ xenarthrans n
xénarthre
(zoology) Any mammal of the superorder Xenarthra, of the Americas; an anteater, armadillo or sloth.

xenelasy /zɪˈnɛləsi/ n
xénélasie

xenial /ˈziːnjəl/ /ˈziːnɪəl/ more xenial most xenial adj
accueillant hospitalier
Hospitable, especially to visiting strangers or foreigners.

xeno- prefix
omagod xéno-
Having to do with foreigners.
xéno-
Relating to strangers or strangeness.
From a foreign place.

xenobiology /ˈziːnoʊbaɪˌɑːləd͡ʒi/ /ˌziːnəʊbaɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ /ˌzɛnoʊbaɪˈɑːləd͡ʒi/ /ˌzɛnəʊbaɪˈɒləd͡ʒi/ n
xénobiologie
The speculative biology of extraterrestrial life forms.

xenocide /ˈziːnəsaɪd/ /ˈzɛnəsaɪd/ xenocides n
xénocide
(science fiction) The genocide of an entire alien species.

xenogender xenogenders n
xénogenre

xenoglossy /ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsi/ /ˌzɛnəˈɡlɒsi/ xenoglossies n
xénoglossie
Knowledge of a language one has never learned.

xenolith xenoliths n
xénolithe
(geology) Any piece of rock having a different origin to that of the igneous rock in which it is found.

xenomorph /ˈzɛnəʊˌmɔːf/ xenomorphs n
xénomorphe
A strange form, an alien creature.

xenon /zenɔn/ /zinən/ /zɪinɔn/ /ˈzinɑn/ /ˈziːnɒn/ xenons n
xénon
The chemical element (symbol Xe) with an atomic number of 54. It is a colorless, odorless, unreactive noble gas, used notably in camera flash technology.

xenophilia n
xénophilie
an attraction to or love of foreign people, manners or culture

xenophobe /ˈzi.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.foʊb/ /ˈzɛ.nə.fəʊb/ xenophobes n
xénophobe
One who hates or fears strangers or foreigners.

xenophobia /ˌziː.nəˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfoʊ.bi.ə/ /ˌzɛn.əˈfəʊ.bɪ.ə/ xenophobias n
xénophobie
A hatred of strangers or foreigners.
A fear of strangers or foreigners.
A strong antipathy or aversion to strangers or foreigners.

xenophobic more xenophobic most xenophobic adj
xénophobe
Exhibiting or characterised by xenophobia, a fear or hatred of strangers or foreigners.

xenotransplantation xenotransplantations n
xénogreffe
The transplantation of biological or organic matter from a given species into a different one, especially when this matter has been altered (such as by genetic engineering)

xeric /ˈzɛɹ-/ /ˈzɪə.ɹɪk/ /ˈzɪɚ.ɪk/ more xeric most xeric adj
xérique
(of an environment or habitat) Very dry, lacking humidity and water.
(of an organism) Adapted to live in a very dry habitat.

xericity n
xéricité
The quality or degree of being xeric; adaptation to dry conditions.

xero- prefix
xéro-
dry; dryness

xerocracy /ziːə-/ /ziːˈɹɑkɹəsi/ /zɛ-/ /zɪəˈɹɒkɹəsi/ n
xérocratie
(informal) Political influence achieved by copying and distributing leaflets and similar material.

xerography n
xérographie électrophotographie
A photocopying process in which a negative image formed on an electrically charged plate is transferred as a positive to paper and thermally fixed.

xeromorphic /zɪəɹəˈmɔɹfɪk/ more xeromorphic most xeromorphic adj
xéromorphe
(biology) Of, relating to, or characteristic of the xerophytes, especially having the ability to store water in leaves and stems.

xerophthalmia xerophthalmias n
xérophtalmie
(ophthalmology) A condition due to a deficiency of vitamin A where the conjunctiva and cornea become dry. The condition starts with conjunctival xerosis and night blindness and progresses to corneal xerosis and, later, a severe condition called keratomalacia.

xerophthalmic more xerophthalmic most xerophthalmic adj
xérophtalmique
Of or pertaining to xerophthalmia.

xerox copy xerox copies n
xérocopie
(slang, US, Philippines) A xerox; a photocopy.

xi /ksaɪ/ /ksiː/ /saɪ/ /zaɪ/ /ʃiː/ xis n
ksi xi
The 14th letter of Classical and Modern Greek. The 15th in Ancient and Old Greek.

xiangqi /ˈʃɑːŋ.t͡ʃi/ n
xiangqi échecs chinois
Chinese chess; a board game similar to chess, invented and traditionally played in China.

xoanon /ˈzoʊ.ə.nɑn/ /ˈzəʊ.ə.nɒn/ xoana n
xoanon
(historical) A wooden statue used as a cult image in Ancient Greece.

xor /ɛksˈo(ɹ)/ /ˈkso(ɹ)/ /ˈkszo(ɹ)/ /ˈzo(ɹ)/ xors n
ou exclusif
The logic function exclusive OR (as opposed to inclusive OR), whose output is true only when exactly one of its inputs is true.

xylem /ˈzaɪ.ləm/ xylems n
xylème
(botany) A vascular tissue in land plants primarily responsible for the distribution of water and minerals taken up by the roots; also the primary component of wood.

xylene /ˈzaɪliːn/ xylenes n
xylène
(chemistry) Any of a group of three isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons, found in coal and wood tar.

xylo- /ˈzaɪ.loʊ/ /ˈzaɪ.ləʊ/ prefix
xylo-
wood

xylochemistry n
xylochimie
(chemistry, rare) The chemistry of wood.

xylologist xylologists n
xylologue

xylology n
xylologie
(rare) The study of wood.

xylophagous adj
xylophage
Feeding on wood. (of insects etc.)

xylophone /ˈzaɪ.lə.ˌfəʊn/ /ˈzaɪləˌfoʊn/ xylophones n
xylophone
(musical instrument) Any musical instrument (percussion idiophone) made of wooden slats graduated so as to make the sounds of the scale when struck with a small drumstick-like mallet; the standard Western concert xylophone or one of its derivatives.

xylophonist xylophonists n
xylophoniste
Someone who plays a xylophone.

xylose xyloses n
xylose
(carbohydrate) One of the pentoses, C5H10O5, a white crystalline sugar, derived from wood.

y' /jə/ pronoun
t'
(informal, dialect, subject pronoun) you; ya; ye.

y-axis y-axes n
axe des y axe des ordonnées
(algebraic geometry) The axis on a graph that is usually drawn from bottom to top and usually shows the range of values of variable dependent on one other variable, or the second of two independent variables.

yacht /jɑt/ /jɑːt/ /jɒt/ yachts n
yacht
A slick and light ship for making pleasure trips or racing on water, having sails but often motor-powered. At times used as a residence offshore on a dock.
Any vessel used for private, noncommercial purposes.

yacht club yacht clubs n
[[yacht-club]]
A sports club for yachting.

yachter /ˈjɒtəɹ/ yachters n
yachtman
A person who sails in yachts.

yachtsman yachtsmen n
yachtman yachtsman
A man who sails a yacht.

yachtswoman yachtswomen n
yachtswoman yachtwoman
A woman who sails a yacht.

yah /jɑː/ /jʌː/ interjection
hue
An expression uttered to encourage a horse to run faster.

yak /jæk/ yak yaks n
yack yak
An ox-like mammal native to the Himalayas, Mongolia, Burma, and Tibet with dark, long, and silky hair, a horse-like tail, and a full, bushy mane.

yak /jæk/ v
jacasser
(slang, intransitive) To talk, particularly informally but persistently; to chatter or prattle.

yale yales n
éale
A mythical beast in European mythology and heraldry, usually portrayed as an antelope- or goat-like four-legged creature with large horns that it can swivel in any direction.

yam /jæm/ yams n
igname
Any climbing vine of the genus Dioscorea in the Eastern and Western hemispheres, usually cultivated.
The edible, starchy, tuberous root of that plant, a tropical staple food.

yamen /jɑːˈmɛn/ /jɑːˈmʌn/ /ˈjɑːmən/ yamens n
yamen
A residence of an official of the Chinese Empire.

yana /ˈjɑː.nə/ yanas n
yâna
(Buddhism) Any of the vehicles of Buddhist or Tantric practice.

yandere /ˈjɑːndɛɹeɪ/ yanderes n
yandere
(chiefly, Japanese fiction) A character, usually a girl, who has an obsessive and possessive side in regards to their crush, ready to use violent and murderous means to maintain an exclusive bond.

yank /jæŋk/ yanks n
coup sec
A sudden, vigorous pull (sometimes defined as mass times jerk, or rate of change of force).

yank /jæŋk/ v
tirer d'un coup sec
(transitive) To pull (something) with a quick, strong action.
retirer
(transitive, informal) To remove from distribution.

yaodong /jaʊˈdʊŋ/ yaodongs n
yaodong
A type of earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in northern China.

yaoi /ˈjaʊ.i/ /ˈjɑ.oʊ.i/ /ˈjɑ.ɔɪ/ /ˈjɑː.ɔɪ/ /ˈjɑː.əʊ.i/ yaoi n
yaoi
(pornography, anime, manga) A form of hentai involving two or more males in a homosexual relationship.

yap /jæp/ v
japper
(intransitive) Of a small dog, to bark.
jacasser
(intransitive, slang) To talk, especially excessively; to chatter.

yard /jɑɹd/ /jɑːd/ yard yards n
cour jardin
A small, usually uncultivated area adjoining or (now especially) within the precincts of a house or other building.
vergue
(nautical) A long tapered timber hung on a mast to which is bent a sail, and may be further qualified as a square, lateen, or lug yard. The first is hung at right angles to the mast, the latter two hang obliquely.
(nautical) Any spar carried aloft.
verge
(obsolete) A staff, rod, or stick.
yard verge
(obsolete) The rod, a surveying unit of (once) 15 or (now) 16+1⁄2 feet.

yard sale yard sales n
vide-grenier
(US) A sale of used household goods held on the seller's own premises.

yardbird /ˈjɑɹd.bɝd/ /ˈjɑːd.bəːd/ yardbirds n
taulard détenu
(chiefly, US, slang) A person who is imprisoned.
homme de corvée troufion
(chiefly, US, slang) A soldier who is required to perform menial work on the grounds of a military base.

yardlong bean yardlong beans n
dolique asperge haricot kilomètre
A vigorous climbing annual vine (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis) grown primarily for its strikingly long (35-75 cm) immature pods with uses very similar to that of a green bean.

yardstick /ˈjɑɹdˌstɪk/ /ˈjɑːdˌstɪk/ yardsticks n
aune mètre étalon
(figuratively) A standard to which other measurements or comparisons are judged.

yarmulke /ˈjɑ(ɹ)mə(l)kə/ /ˈjɑːməlkə/ yarmulkes n
kippa
A skullcap worn by religious Jewish males (especially during prayer). [from 1903]

yarn /jɑɹn/ /jɑːn/ yarns n
fil
(uncountable) A twisted strand of fiber used for knitting or weaving.
corde
(nautical) Bundles of fibers twisted together, and which in turn are twisted in bundles to form strands, which in their turn are twisted or plaited to form rope.

yarrow /ˈjæɹəʊ/ /ˈjɛɹoʊ/ yarrows n
achillée mille-feuille
Any of several pungent Eurasian and North American herbs, of the genus Achillea, used in traditional herbal medicine.

yashmak yashmaks n
litham niqab voile
A veil worn by Muslim women to cover parts of the face when they are in public.

yataghan /ˈjætəɡæn/ yataghans n
yatagan
A type of sword used in Muslim countries from the mid-16th to late 19th centuries.

yatzy n
Yahtzee
A dice game.

yaw /jɔː/ yaws n
lacet
The rotation of an aircraft, ship, or missile about its vertical axis so as to cause the longitudinal axis of the aircraft, ship, or missile to deviate from the flight line or heading in its horizontal plane.
(nautical) A vessel's motion rotating about the vertical axis, so the bow yaws from side to side; a characteristic of unsteadiness.

yawl /jɔːl/ yawls n
yole
A fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel with two masts, main and mizzen, the mizzen stepped abaft the rudder post.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ yawns n
bâillement
The action of yawning; opening the mouth widely and taking a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored.

yawn /joːn/ /jɑn/ /jɔn/ /jɔːn/ v
bâiller
(intransitive) To open the mouth widely and take a long, rather deep breath, often because one is tired or bored, and sometimes accompanied by pandiculation.
béer
To present a wide opening; gape.

yay /jeɪ/ interjection
hourra youpi

ye gods interjection
dieux du ciel
(idiomatic, dated, euphemistic) Used to express surprise or incredulity.

yeah /ˈjæ.(ə)/ /ˈjɛ(ə)/ interjection
ouais
Expressing joy, celebration, glee, etc.

yeah /ˈjæ.(ə)/ /ˈjɛ(ə)/ particle
ouais
(colloquial) yes.

yeah, right /jæ ɹaɪt/ /jɛə̯ ɹaɪt/ [jæə̯˥˧ (.) ɹaɪt˥˧] [jæə̯˥˨ ɹaɪt˥˩] [jɛə̯˥˧ (.) ɹaɪt˥˧] [jɛə̯˥˨ ɹaɪt˥˩] interjection
mais bien sûr mon œil tu parles
(idiomatic, emphatic, colloquial) A sarcastic expression of disbelief.

year /jøː/ /jɜː/ /jɪə/ /jɪɹ/ years n
an année
The length of a year as marked by a calendar, 365 or 366 days in the Gregorian calendar; a calendar year.
The mean length of a calendar year in the Julian calendar, that is, 365.25 solar days; a Julian year.
(by extension) The time it takes for any astronomical object (such as a planet, dwarf planet, small Solar System body, or comet) in direct orbit around a star (such as the Sun) to make one revolution around the star.
A period between set dates that mark a year, such as from January 1 to December 31 by the Gregorian calendar, from Tishri 1 to Elul 29 by the Jewish calendar, and from Muharram 1 to Dhu al-Hijjah 29 or 30 by the Islamic calendar.
A scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity.
année an
The time taken for the Earth to orbit the Sun with respect to the fixed stars; a sidereal year.
A level or grade in school or college.

year in, year out adv
bon an mal an
(idiomatic) During every year; always.

year of our Lord years of our Lord n
an de grâce
(Christianity) A year of the Common Era/Christian Era; anno Domini; numbered from the once estimated first year for the birth of Jesus Christ.

year-round adv
à l'année
Continuing throughout the year.

yearbook yearbooks n
annuaire
(countable) A reference book, published annually.
(countable, US, education) A publication compiled by the graduating class of a high school or college, recording the year's events and containing photographs of students and faculty.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adj
annuel
Happening once every year.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ adv
annuellement
Once a year.

yearly /ˈjɪəli/ /ˈjɪəɹli/ /ˈjɪɹli/ yearlies n
annuaire
Something that is published once a year.

yearn /jɜːn/ /jɝn/ v
regretter languir
(intransitive, also, figuratively) To have a strong desire for something or to do something; to long for or to do something.

yearning /ˈjɜːnɪŋ/ /ˈjɝnɪŋ/ yearnings n
aspiration envie
A wistful or melancholy longing.

yeast /iːst/ /jist/ /jiːst/ yeasts n
levure
An often humid, yellowish froth produced by fermenting malt worts, and used to brew beer, leaven bread, and also used in certain medicines.
A single-celled fungus of a wide variety of taxonomic families.
A compressed cake or dried granules of this substance used for mixing with flour to make bread dough rise.
écume
(figuratively) A frothy foam.

yeehaw /ˌji.ˈhɔː/ interjection
taïau
(chiefly, Southern US, and, Western US) An expression of joy or excitement, commonly associated with cowboys.

yell /jɛl/ v
hurler gueuler
(intransitive) To shout; holler; make a loud sound with the voice.
(transitive) To convey by shouting.

yell at v
crier sur engueuler gronder
(idiomatic) To scold, to rebuke, often by yelling.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ more yellow most yellow yellower yellowest adj
jaune
Of a yellow hue.
(dated, US) Synonym of high yellow
jaune lâche froussard
(informal) Lacking courage.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ yellows n
jaune
The colour of sunflower petals and lemons; the colour obtained by mixing green and red light, or by subtracting blue from white light.

yellow /ˈjælə/ /ˈjɑlə/ /ˈjɛl.oʊ/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ/ /ˈjɛl.ɚ/ /ˈjɛlə/ /ˈjɪlə/ /ˈjʌlə/ v
jaunir
(intransitive) To become yellow or more yellow.

yellow anemone yellow anemones n
anémone fausse-renoncule sylvie jaune
Any of the flower species Anemone ranunculoides.

yellow badge yellow badges n
étoile jaune
(historical) A cloth patch that Jews were ordered to sew on their outer garments to mark them as Jews in public, especially in Nazi-controlled states during the 1930s and 1940s.

yellow bile n
bile jaune

yellow bugle n
bugle petit-pin
Ajuga chamaepitys, a flowering plant of the family Lamiaceae.

yellow card /ˈjɛl.oʊ ˌkɑrd/ /ˈjɛl.əʊ ˌkɑːd/ yellow cards n
carton jaune carte jaune
(sports) a yellow-coloured card, shown to a player (especially in association football) as a caution that he or she has committed a flagrant foul; a further such foul would result in a red card.

yellow fever n
fièvre jaune
An acute febrile illness of tropical regions, caused by a flavivirus (Yellow fever virus) and spread by certain mosquitoes, characterised by jaundice, black vomit and the absence of urination.

yellow jersey /ˌjɛloʊ ˈdʒɝzi/ /ˌjɛləʊ ˈdʒɜːzi/ yellow jerseys n
maillot jaune
Especially in the Tour de France: the yellow shirt worn by the leader of a stage of a cycling race, which is then awarded to the cyclist who wins the race with the fastest overall time.

yellow journalism n
jaunisme
(idiomatic) Journalism which is sensationalistic and of questionable accuracy and taste.

yellow light yellow lights n
feu jaune feu orange
(US) A traffic light, between the green light and the red light, indicating that vehicles should stop if safely possible.

yellow mai /ˌjɛloʊ ˈmaɪ/ n
maï jaune
The Southeast Asian plant Ochna integerrima, yellow flower plants are often used to decorate on Tết.

yellow pages yellow pages n
pages jaunes
A telephone directory that lists commercial organizations, organized by type of organization.

yellow peril yellow perils n
péril jaune
(derogatory, racially offensive, sometimes, capitalized) East Asian nations or peoples, conceived as threatening.

yellow press yellow presses n
presse à scandale presse à sensation
(idiomatic, usually, collective) Newspapers which publish sensationalist articles rather than well researched and sober journalism.

yellow tea yellow teas n
thé jaune
A Chinese tea produced in a similar manner to green tea but with the added steps of encasing and steaming the tea leaves, resulting in slower oxidisation and a mellower taste

yellow union yellow unions n
syndicat jaune
A trade union that is dominated or influenced by an employer and thus not properly independent.

yellow vest yellow vests n
gilet jaune
A member of a French protest movement which started in late 2018 against rising fuel prices and advocates for economic justice and institutional political reforms.

yellow-billed loon yellow-billed loons n
plongeon à bec blanc
A duck, Gavia adamsii, found in the arctic and subarctic.

yellow-breasted bunting yellow-breasted buntings n
bruant auréole
Emberiza aureola, a passerine bird in the bunting family Emberizidae.

yellow-browed warbler yellow-browed warblers n
pouillot à grands sourcils
Phylloscopus inornatus, a leaf warbler (family Phylloscopidae) which breeds in temperate Asia.

yellow-cheeked tit yellow-cheeked tits n
mésange à dos tacheté
Machlolophus spilonotus, a small bird of the tit family Paridae

yellow-eyed penguin yellow-eyed penguins n
manchot antipode
Any of a species of small penguin, Megadyptes antipodes, with a distinctive yellow band around its eyes, native to New Zealand.

yellow-green more yellow-green most yellow-green adj
vert-jaune
A yellowish-green colour.

yellow-headed blackbird yellow-headed blackbirds n
carouge à tête jaune
Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, a medium-sized blackbird, and the only member of the genus Xanthocephalus.

yellow-legged gull yellow-legged gulls n
goéland leucophée
Larus michahellis, a large gull of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

yellowfin tuna yellowfin tunas n
thon jaune
(uncountable) An edible species of tuna, Thunnus albacares, found especially in tropical seas.

yellowhammer yellowhammers n
bruant jaune
A passerine bird, Emberiza citrinella, of western Eurasia, which is mainly yellow in colour.

yellowish /ˈjɛlɔʊɪʃ/ /ˈjɛləʊɪʃ/ adj
jaunâtre
Somewhat yellow (in colour).

yellowtail amberjack yellowtail amberjacks n
grande sériole
A species of large edible fish, Seriola lalandi, found in the Indian and Pacific oceans.

yelp /jɛlp/ yelps n
couinement jappement
An abrupt, high-pitched noise or utterance.

yelp /jɛlp/ v
japper couiner
To utter an abrupt, high-pitched noise.

yen /jɛn/ yen n
yen
The unit of Japanese currency (symbol: ¥) since 1871, divided into 100 sen.
A coin or note worth one yen.

yeoman /ˈjiː.mən/ /ˈjoʊ.mən/ /ˈjəʊ.mən/ yeomen n
franc-tenancier
(historical) A former class of small freeholders who farm their own land; a commoner of good standing.
valet
A subordinate, deputy, aide, or assistant.

yeoman's service n
travail de Romain travail de bénédictin
(idiomatic, of behavior by a person) Arduous work, performed in a vigorous, committed manner.

yep /jɛp/ [jɛp̚] [jɛʔ] yeps n
mouais moui ouaip ouin voui
(informal) Yes.

yersiniosis yersinioses n
yersiniose

yes /jɛs/ interjection
oui
An exclamation of pleasure or approval, usually transcribed with an exclamation point.

yes /jɛs/ yeses yesses n
oui si
An affirmative expression; an answer that shows agreement or acceptance.
A vote of support or in favor/favour of something.

yes /jɛs/ particle
oui si
Used to indicate disagreement or dissent in reply to a negative statement.

yes and no phraseologicalUnit
oui et non
An answer in reply to a yes-no question, indicating there is no simple "yes" or "no" answer

yes man yes men n
béni-oui-oui
(idiomatic) A person who always agrees with their employer or superior.

yes-no question yes-no questions n
question totale
A question that can only be answered by yes or no and does not allow for elaboration or detail.

yeshiva /jəˈʃiː.və/ yeshivas yeshivot n
yeshiva
(Judaism) An academy for the advanced study of Jewish texts.

yessir /ˈjɛsɜː(ɹ)/ /ˈjɛsːɝ/ /ˌjɛsˈsɝ/ interjection
oui monsieur
(informal, or, military) Used to express assent, especially to a male superior.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ adv
hier
On the day before today.

yesterday /ˈjɛstədeɪ/ /ˈjɛstədɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɛstɚdi/ /ˈjɪstɚdeɪ/ /ˈjɪstɚdi/ yesterdays n
hier
The day immediately before today; one day ago.
(figuratively) The past, often in terms of being outdated.

yesteryear /ˈjestəjøː/ /ˈjɛstəjɜː/ /ˈjɛstəjɪə/ /ˈjɛstərjɪər/ yesteryears n
antan jadis
(poetic) Past years; time gone by; yore.
année dernière an dernier an passé année passée
(rare) Last year.

yet /jɛt/ adv
encore jusqu'à présent
Thus far; up to the present; up to some unspecified time.
encore
(after 'have' and certain copulative verbs, followed by an infinitive) Not as of the time referenced.
In addition.

yet /jɛt/ conjunction
mais pourtant or
Nevertheless; however; but; despite that.

yeti /ˈjɛ.ti/ [ˈjɛ.ɾi] yeti yetis n
yéti migou
(cryptozoology) An unidentified humanoid animal said to live in the Himalayas.

yew /juː/ /jɪʊ̯/ yews n
if
(countable) A species of coniferous tree, Taxus baccata, with dark-green flat needle-like leaves and seeds bearing red arils, native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia.
(countable, by extension) Any tree or shrub of the genus Taxus.
(uncountable) The wood of the such trees.

yex /jɛks/ v
hoqueter
(archaic, intransitive) To hiccup.
roter
(archaic, intransitive) To belch or burp.

yield /jiːld/ yields n
rendement
A product; the quantity of something produced.

yield /jiːld/ v
céder capituler se rendre
To furnish; to afford; to render; to give forth.
céder laisser passer
(intransitive) To give way; to succumb to a force.
rapporter retourner
To produce as return, as from an investment.
retourner
(linguistics) To produce a particular sound as the result of a sound law.

yielding /ˈjiːldɪŋ/ more yielding most yielding adj
docile
Docile, or inclined to give way to pressure.

yielding /ˈjiːldɪŋ/ yieldings n
concession
A concession.

yiff /jɪf/ v
baiser
(ambitransitive, slang, informal) To have sex, to mate (said of animals, especially foxes, or people dressed up as animals).

yikes /jaɪks/ interjection
houlà
Expression of shock and alarm.

yin-yang /ˈjɪn ˈjæŋ/ yin-yangs n
yin-yang
Yin and yang.

yippee /ˌjɪ.ˈpi/ interjection
youpi
Used to express joy or elation.

ylide /ˈɪlaɪd/ /ˈɪlɪd/ ylides n
ylure
(organic chemistry) Any organic compound in which two adjacent atoms are connected by both a covalent and an ionic bond; normally written X+–Y−

yo-yo /ˈjoʊ.joʊ/ /ˈjəʊ.jəʊ/ yo-yos n
yo-yo yoyo
A toy consisting of a spheroidal or cylindrical spindle having a circular groove in which string is wound; it is used by holding the string in the fingers and reeling the spindle up and down by movements of the wrist.

yob /jɒb/ yobs n
loubard voyou asocial blouson noir casseur houligan
(pejorative, chiefly, British, NZ, slang) A person who engages in antisocial behaviour or drunkenness.

yoctoampere yoctoamperes n
yoctoampère
(metrology) An SI unit of electrical current equal to 10−24 amperes. Symbol: yA

yoctometre yoctometres n
yoctomètre
(metrology) An SI unit of length equal to 10−24 metres. Symbol: ym

yod /jɑd/ /jɒd/ yods n
yod
(phonetics) A palatal approximant, /j/.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ yodels n
yodel iodel jodel
A song incorporating yodelling.

yodel /ˈjoʊ.dəl/ /ˈjəʊ.dəl/ v
iodler yodler jodler
(transitive, and, intransitive) To sing (a song) in such a way that the voice fluctuates rapidly between the normal chest voice and falsetto.

yodh /jɒd/ /jəʊd/ yodhs n
jodh yod yodh youd yud
The tenth letter of many Semitic alphabets/abjads (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

yoga /ˈjoʊ.ɡə/ yogas n
yoga
Any of several Hindu or Buddhist disciplines aimed at training the consciousness for a state of perfect spiritual insight and tranquillity; especially a system of exercises practiced to promote control of the body and mind.

yoga mat yoga mats n
tapis de yoga

yogi /ˈjoʊɡi/ /ˈjəʊɡi/ yogis n
yogi
(yoga) A devotee or adherent of yoga. [from 17th c.]

yogic more yogic most yogic adj
yogique
Of or pertaining to yoga.

yogist adj
yoguiste
Pertaining to yogism.

yogist yogists n
yoguiste
A practitioner of yoga.

yogurt /ˈjoʊ.ɡɚt/ /ˈjɒ.ɡət/ /ˈjəʉ.ɡət/ yogurts n
yaourt yogourt
A milk-based product stiffened by a bacterium-aided curdling process, and sometimes mixed with fruit or other flavoring.

yogurt maker yogurt makers n
yaourtière
An electrical device for making yogurt.

yoke /joʊk/ /jəʊk/ yokes n
joug
A bar or frame by which two oxen or other draught animals are joined at their necks enabling them to pull a cart, plough, etc.; (by extension) a device attached to a single draught animal for the same purpose.
Something which oppresses or restrains a person; a burden.

yokel /ˈjoʊ.kəl/ /ˈjəʊ.kəl/ yokels n
plouc manant
(pejorative) A person from or living in the countryside, viewed as being unsophisticated and/or naive.

yolk /joʊ(l)k/ /jɔlk/ /jəʊk/ yolks n
jaune jaune d'oeuf moyeu
The yellow, spherical part of an egg that is surrounded by the white albumen, and serves as nutriment for the growing young.

yomp /jɒmp/ yomps n
crapahutage marche forcée
(Royal Marines, _, military slang) A long-distance march carrying full kit.

yomp /jɒmp/ v
avancer à marches forcées crapahuter
To make a strenuous long-distance march.

yonder /ˈjændə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɒndə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɛndə/ adv
là-bas
(archaic, _, or, _, dialect) At or in a distant but indicated place.

yonder /ˈjændə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɒndə(ɹ)/ /ˈjɛndə/ determiner
là-bas
(archaic, _, or, _, dialect, as an adjective) Who or which is over yonder, usually distant but within sight.
(archaic, _, or, _, dialect, as a pronoun) One who or which is over yonder, usually distant but within sight.

yoni /ˈjəʊni/ yonis n
yoni

yore /jo(ː)ɹ/ /joə/ /jɔɹ/ /jɔː/ n
antan jadis
(poetic) a time long past.

yotta- /ˈjɒtə/ prefix
yotta-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1024 (a short scale septillion or long scale quadrillion). Symbol: Y

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ determiner
vous tu
The individual or group spoken or written to.
bande de espèce de
Used before epithets, describing the person being addressed, for emphasis.

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ pronoun
vous tu toi vous autres
(object pronoun) The person spoken to or written to, as an object. (Replacing thee; originally as a mark of respect.) [from 13th c.]
on se soi
(indefinite personal pronoun) Anyone, one; an unspecified individual or group of individuals (as subject or object). [from 16th c.]

you /d/ /dʒ/ /j/ /ju/ /jʉː/ /s/ /t/ /tʃ/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ v
vouvoyer voussoyer
(transitive) To address (a person) using the pronoun you (in the past, especially to use you rather than thou, when you was considered more formal).

you are what you eat proverb
tu es ce que tu manges vous êtes ce que vous mangez
Personal health and wellbeing is determined by one's eating habits, in both positive and negative ways.

you bet interjection
y a intérêt je veux oui plutôt rien qu'un peu un peu
(idiomatic, informal) Certainly, you're welcome; a reply to thank you or to a request.

you can catch more flies with honey than with vinegar proverb
on n'attrape pas des mouches avec du vinaigre plus fait douceur que violence
It is easier to persuade others with polite requests and a positive attitude rather than with rude demands and negativity.

you can lead a horse to water, but you can't make it drink proverb
on ne saurait faire boire un âne qui n'a pas soif
You can show someone how to do something, but you can't make them do it.

you can say that again phraseologicalUnit
c'est le cas de le dire c'est le moins qu'on puisse dire
(idiomatic, in response to another person) That is very true.

you can't judge a book by its cover proverb
l'habit ne fait pas le moine
(idiomatic, metaphorical) It is not possible to make reliable judgments about things or people by considering external appearances alone.

you can't make a silk purse of a sow's ear proverb
le singe est toujours singe, fût-il vêtu de pourpre
It is not possible to produce something refined, admirable, or valuable from something which is unrefined, unpleasant, or of little or no value.

you can't make this stuff up phraseologicalUnit
ça ne s'invente pas

you can't teach an old dog new tricks proverb
il faut ployer l'arbre pendant qu'il est jeune on n'apprend pas au vieux singe à faire des grimaces on ne change pas les vieilles habitudes
It is impossible to change people's habits, traits, or mindset.

you don't get something for nothing proverb
on n'a rien sans rien
One cannot expect to receive some benefit if one does not pay for it in some way or does not face a counterbalancing hazard or harm.

you don't say interjection
sans blague sans dec
Really?; no kidding!; is that so? (sometimes used sarcastically in response to the obvious)

you get what you pay for proverb
en avoir pour son argent
In commercial transactions, the quality of goods and services increases as the prices increase, i.e., the more one pays, the better the merchandise.

you have beautiful eyes phraseologicalUnit
tu as de beaux yeux
Used by the speaker to compliment the interlocutor's eyes.

you hear me interjection
c'est clair ? c'est compris ? compris ?

you know /ju noʊ/ /juː nəʊ/ interjection
tu sais tu vois
(informal) Expression signifying a pause or hesitation.

you know what phraseologicalUnit
tu sais quoi vous savez quoi
(idiomatic) Used, often as a question, to get someone's attention before announcing something.

you learn something new every day phraseologicalUnit
on en apprend tous les jours
Uttered after acquiring new knowledge.

you never know phraseologicalUnit
on ne sait jamais sait-on jamais
Used to speculate about a slight possibility.

you only go around once proverb
on ne vit qu'une fois
A person has only one lifetime, and should therefore take every opportunity to enjoy a wide variety of experiences and to maximize his or her accomplishments and satisfaction.

you said it phraseologicalUnit
tu l'as dit tu l'as dit bouffi

you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours proverb
donnant donnant on n'a rien pour rien on ne donne rien pour rien
If you do me a favor then I will do you a favor; quid pro quo.

you see interjection
vois-tu voyez-vous

you shouldn't have phraseologicalUnit
il ne fallait pas
(idiomatic) Used to express gratitude at unnecessary generosity, especially when receiving a gift.

you snooze you lose phraseologicalUnit
qui part à la chasse perd sa place qui va à la chasse perd sa place si tu dors, t'es mort
If one is not alert and attentive, one will not be successful.

you tell me interjection
à toi de me le dire

you're never too old to learn proverb
il n'est jamais trop tard pour apprendre
It is possible to learn new things, at any age; follow your desires and dreams.

you're right phraseologicalUnit
tu as raison vous avez raison
Indicates that what the interlocutor said/says is correct.

you're telling me phraseologicalUnit
à qui le dis-tu

you're welcome phraseologicalUnit
de rien je vous en prie avec plaisir il n'y a pas de quoi je t'en prie pas de quoi
Used to acknowledge thanks; ritual reply to “thank you”.

you've got to crack a few eggs to make an omelette proverb
on ne fait pas d'omelette sans casser des œufs on ne saurait faire d'omelette sans casser des œufs
phrase

you-know-what pronoun
que tu sais que vous savez tu sais quoi vous savez quoi
The name of something the speaker does not want to mention, but which is known, or very likely to be known, to the listener. It can be plural (as in "... the you-know-whats").

you-know-who pronoun
qui tu sais qui vous savez tu sais qui vous savez qui
Person or entity whose name one does not want to mention but which is known to the person to whom one is speaking.

young /jʌŋ/ younger youngest adj
jeune
In the early part of growth or life; born not long ago.
Youthful; having the look or qualities of a young person.
Of or belonging to the early part of life.
(obsolete) Having little experience; inexperienced; unpracticed; ignorant; weak.

young /jʌŋ/ young n
petit
(often as if a plural noun) Offspring, especially the immature offspring of animals.

young adult young adults n
jeune adulte
A person who has achieved the age of majority but whose character and personality are still developing as they gain experience.

young at heart more young at heart most young at heart adj
jeune de cœur
(idiomatic) Having the joy and vitality associated with younger people, despite one's own advanced age.

young camel n
chamelet chamelon

young lady young ladies n
jeune fille
A term of endearment or admonishment by adults for a young girl.

young man young men n
jeune homme
A term of endearment or admonishment by adults for a young boy.

younger brother younger brothers n
frère cadet
Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see younger,‎ brother. (This entry is a translation hub.)

younger sister younger sisters n
petite sœur sœur cadette

youngest /ˈjʌŋ.ɡəst/ /ˈjʌŋ.ɡɪst/ youngests n
benjamin
The youngest child in a family, or individual in a group.

youngster /ˈjʌŋstə/ /ˈjʌŋstɚ/ youngsters n
ado enfant
A young person.

your /jo(ː)ɹ/ /joə/ /joʊ/ /jɔɹ/ /jɔː/ /jə/ /jɚ/ /jɝ/ /jʊə/ /jʊɚ/ determiner
ton ta votre tes vos
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (singular; one owner).
votre vos
Belonging to you; of you; related to you (plural; more owners).

your grace your graces pronoun
Votre Grâce
(formal, obsolete) you (as a polite form of address to social superiors)

your mileage may vary /jə ˈmaɪlədʒ meɪ ˈvɛəɹi/ /jɚ ˈmaɪlədʒ meɪ ˈvɛəɹi/ phraseologicalUnit
ce [[n']]est que mon avis des goûts et des couleurs, on ne discute pas
(North America, idiomatic) Used to express a possible difference in taste: this is just my opinion, your opinion may be different.

your mom interjection
ta mère
(pejorative, slang, mostly, US) A general-purpose insult, often used to comedic effect due to becoming stale.

your mother interjection
ta mère
insult

your wish is my command phraseologicalUnit
vos désirs sont des ordres
(often, humorous) Whatever you say you wish for I will treat as a command and do straight away.

yours /jɔɹz/ /jɔː(ɹ)z/ /jəz/ /jɚz/ /jɝz/ /jʊəz/ /jʊɚz/ pronoun
la vôtre le vôtre
la tienne le tien les tiennes les tiens
That which belongs to you (singular); the possessive second-person singular pronoun used without a following noun.
les vôtres
That which belongs to you (plural); the possessive second-person plural pronoun used without a following noun.

yours faithfully adj
Je vous prie d'agréer, Mesdames, Messieurs, l'assurance de ma considération distinguée fidèlement votre sincères salutations
(UK) A polite, formulaic end to a letter, used especially when the sender does not know the recipient's name, for example in a business letter.

yours sincerely adj
fidèlement votre sincères salutations
(idiomatic, chiefly, British) A polite, formulaic phrase used at the end of a letter, especially when the sender knows the recipient's name.

yours truly pronoun
votre humble serviteur votre serviteur
(idiomatic, informal, humorous) I, me, or myself.

yourself /jɔɹˈsɛlf/ /jɔːˈsɛlf/ /jəˈsɛlf/ /jɚˈsɛlf/ /jʊəˈsɛlf/ /jʊɹˈsɛlf/ pronoun
te vous
(reflexive pronoun) Your own self (singular).
toi-même vous-même
You (singular); used emphatically, especially to indicate exclusiveness of the referent's participation in the predicate, i.e., that no one else is involved.

yourselves /jɔɹˈsɛlvz/ /jɔːˈsɛlvz/ /jəˈsɛlvz/ /jɚˈsɛlvz/ /jʊəˈsɛlvz/ /jʊɹˈsɛlvz/ pronoun
vous
(reflexive pronoun) Inflection of you (plural) used as the object of a verb or non-locative preposition in a clause whose subject is the same (the people addressed).
vous vous-mêmes
(emphatic) You (plural), used to intensify the subject as the group addressed.

youth /juːθ/ /juθ/ youths n
jeunesse
(uncountable) The quality or state of being young.
(uncountable) The part of life following childhood; the period of existence preceding maturity or age; the whole early part of life, from childhood, or, sometimes, from infancy, to adulthood.
jeune
(countable) A young person.
jeune jeune homme
(countable) A young man; a male adolescent or young adult.
jeunesse les jeunes
(uncountable, used with a plural or singular verb) Young persons, collectively.

youth center youth centers n
centre de jeunesse
A building operated as a place for young people to meet and take part in recreational activities.

youth hostel youth hostels n
auberge de jeunesse
An inexpensive supervised lodging place, primarily for young people.

youth is wasted on the young phraseologicalUnit
si jeunesse savait, si vieillesse pouvait
The young fail to appreciate or make good use of what they experience.

youth movement youth movements n
mouvement de jeunesse

youthful /ˈjuːθfəl/ more youthful most youthful adj
jeune juvénile
Young or seeming young.

youthfully more youthfully most youthfully adv
juvénilement
In a youthful manner.

ytterbium /jəˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /jɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɚ.bi.əm/ /ɪˈtɜː.bi.əm/ /ˈjə.tɚ.bi.əm/ /ˈjɪ.tɚ.bi.əm/ ytterbiums n
ytterbium
A metallic chemical element (symbol Yb) with an atomic number of 70.

yttrium /ˈjə.tɹi.əm/ /ˈjɪ.tɹi.əm/ /ˈɪ.tɹi.əm/ yttriums n
yttrium
A silvery metallic chemical element (symbol Y) with an atomic number of 39, mainly found in combination with lanthanide elements in rare-earth minerals.

yttrium iron garnet yttrium iron garnets n
grenat d'yttrium et de fer
(mineral) A synthetic mineral used for its special magnetic/optical properties

yuan /juˈɑn/ /ˈjuən/ /ˈwæn/ /ˈwɑn/ /ˌjuːˈæn/ yuan yuans n
yuan
The basic unit of money in China.

yuck /jʌk/ interjection
beurk
Uttered to indicate disgust usually toward an objectionable taste or odour. [from 1966]

yucky /ˈjʌki/ /ˈjʌkɪ/ yuckier yuckiest adj
dégueu dégueulasse
(colloquial, often, childish) Of something highly offensive; causing aversion or disgust.

yuk it up v
faire le mariole faire le pitre faire le zèbre
(US) To clown around: to behave clownishly; to joke idly.

yum /jʌm/ adj
miam

yum /jʌm/ interjection
miam
Indicating delight at the flavor of food.

yummy /ˈjʌm.i/ yummier yummiest adj
délicieux délicieuse
(colloquial, lighthearted, often, childish) Delicious.

yup /jʌp/ [jʌp̚] interjection
ouais ouep
(informal) Yes.

yuppie /ˈjʌpi/ /ˈjʌpɪ/ yuppies n
yuppie bobo
(informal, sometimes derogatory) A young upwardly mobile urban professional person with an affluent lifestyle.

yurt /jɜːt/ /jɝːt/ /jʊɹt/ yurts n
yourte
A large, round, semi-permanent tent with vertical walls and a conical roof, usually associated with Central Asia and Mongolia (where it is known as a ger).

z-axis z-axes n
axe des cotes axe des z
(algebraic geometry) The axis on a graph of at least three dimensions that is usually drawn vertically and usually shows the range of values of a variable dependent on two other variables or the third independent variable.

zaatar /ˈzɑtɑɹ/ /ˈzɑːtɑː/ n
zaatar
A Middle Eastern seasoning, having the herb as the main ingredient, with sumac (or other tart-flavored equivalent) and sesame seeds.

zabaglione /ˌzæbəˈljəʊnɪ/ /ˌzɑbəlˈjoʊni/ zabagliones n
sabayon zambajon
A custard-like dessert made with egg yolks, sugar and Marsala wine.

zaftig /ˈzæf.tɪɡ/ /ˈzɑf.tɪɡ/ more zaftig most zaftig adj
somptueux voluptueux
(US, colloquial, of a woman) Having a plump and sexually attractive figure; voluptuous, well-proportioned; large.

zaibatsu /ˈzaɪˌbætsu/ zaibatsu zaibatsus n
zaibatsu
(economics) A Japanese ‘money clique’ or conglomerate; (by extension) in the United States, any large corporation.

zaire zaires n
zaïre
(historical) The unit of currency of Zaire.

zakat /zɑ-/ /zəˈkɑt/ /zəˈkɑːt/ zakats n
zakât
(Islam) Almsgiving, one of the five pillars of Islam, in the form of an annual tax on certain types of property which is then used for charitable purposes.

zander /ˈzæn.də(ɹ)/ zander zanders n
sandre
A European freshwater fish in the family Percidae, closely related to the perch, Sander lucioperca.

zany /ˈzeɪni/ zanier zaniest adj
farfelu loufoque
Ludicrously or incongruously comical.

zap /zæp/ v
zapper faire du zapping
To use a remote control to repeatedly change channels on a television.
enlever
(slang, transitive) To delete or discard (electronic media).

zapadnichestvo n
occidentaliste
(historical, rare) An 19th-century intellectual ideology which saw Russia's development as dependent upon the adoption of Western European technology and liberal government.

zapper /ˈzæp.ə(ɹ)/ zappers n
zapette zappette
(colloquial) A remote control for a television.

zawiya /ˈzɑːwɪə/ zawiyas n
zaouia
In North and West Africa, a Muslim religious school or community, or its mosque.

zayin zayins n
zayin zaïn zode
The seventh letter of many Semitic alphabets (Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew, Syriac, Arabic and others).

zazen /zɑːˈzɛn/ zazens n
zazen
(Buddhism) A form of seated meditation in Zen Buddhism.

zeal /zil/ /ziːl/ zeals n
zèle assiduité
The fervour or tireless devotion for a person, cause, or ideal and determination in its furtherance; diligent enthusiasm; powerful interest.

zealot /ˈzɛl.ət/ zealots n
fanatique zélote
One who is zealous, one who is full of zeal for his own specific beliefs or objectives, usually in the negative sense of being too passionate; a fanatic.
zélote
(historical) A member of a radical, warlike, ardently patriotic group of Jews in Judea, particularly prominent in the first century, who advocated the violent overthrow of Roman rule and vigorously resisted the efforts of the Romans and their supporters to convert the Jews.

zealous /ˈzɛl.əs/ more zealous most zealous adj
zélé
Full of zeal; ardent, fervent; exhibiting enthusiasm or strong passion.

zealously /ˈzɛləsli/ more zealously most zealously adv
[[d']]une manière zélée avec zèle
Like a zealot; with zealotry.

zebra /ˈziːbɹə/ /ˈzɛbɹə/ zebra zebras n
zèbre
(vulgar, pejorative, slang, ethnic slur) A biracial person, specifically one born to a Sub-Saharan African person and a white person.

zebra crossing zebra crossings n
passage clouté passage piéton passage pour piétons
(Australian, UK, NZ, Singapore) A pedestrian crossing featuring broad white stripes painted parallel to the street.

zebra dove zebra doves n
géopélie zébrée
Geopelia striata, a bird of the doves family Columbidae

zebra finch zebra finches n
diamant mandarin
A small Australasian weaverbird (Taeniopygia guttata) that has markings similar to a zebra.

zebra shark zebra sharks n
requin-léopard requin-zébre
A species of carpet shark, Stegostoma fasciatum, family Stegostomatidae, covered in black and white stripes.

zebra turkeyfish zebra turkeyfish zebra turkeyfishes n
poisson-diable poisson-zèbre ptérois zèbre
A venomous fish in the family Scorpaenidae (Dendrochirus zebra).

zebu /ˈzeɪ.bjuː/ /ˈzeɪ.buː/ /ˈziː.bjuː/ /ˈziː.buː/ /ˈzɛ.bjuː/ /ˈzɛ.buː/ zebus n
zébu
A domesticated ox native to Asia and Africa, having a large fleshy hump on its back and a dewlap (Bos primigenius indicus).

zedoary /ˈzɛdəʊəɹi/ /ˈzɛdəʊˌɛɹi/ zedoaries n
zédoaire
Curcuma zedoaria, a perennial herb native to India and Indonesia.

zee /ziː/ /ˈzeɪː/ zees n
zède
The name of the Latin-script letter Z.

zeitgeist /ˈtsaɪtˌɡaɪst/ /ˈzaɪtˌɡaɪst/ zeitgeisten zeitgeister zeitgeists n
esprit du temps air du temps
The spirit of the age; the taste, outlook, and spirit characteristic of a period.

zeitnot /ˈzaɪt.nət/ zeitnots n
zeitnot
(chess) time trouble, time pressure, a situation where a player has little time to complete the required moves

zelkova zelkovas n
orme de Sibérie planere zelcova
A kind of tree in the elm family (genus Zelkova). [from 19th c.]

zemstvo /ˈzɛmstvəʊ/ zemstva zemstvos n
zemstvo
(now, historical) A Russian district or provincial council, or elective local-governmental administrative division, founded in 1864 by Tsar Alexander the Liberator.

zenith /ˈzi.nɪθ/ /ˈzɛn.ɪθ/ zeniths n
zénith
(astronomy) The point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer; the point in the celestial sphere opposite the nadir.
(astronomy) The highest point in the sky reached by a celestial body.
(by extension) Highest point or state; peak.

zenithal /ˈzi.nɪθəl/ /ˈzɛn.ɪθəl/ adj
zénithal
Of or pertaining to a zenith.

zeno- prefix
zéno-

zenocentric more zenocentric most zenocentric adj
zénocentrique

zenocentric orbit zenocentric orbits n
orbite zénocentrique

zeolite zeolites n
zéolithe
(mineral) Any of several minerals, aluminosilicates of sodium, potassium, calcium or magnesium, that have a porous structure (originally, those which swelled and gave off water when heated); they are used in water softeners and in ion exchange chromatography. [from 18th c.]

zephyr /zɛfə(ɹ)/ /zɛfɚ/ zephyrs n
zéphyr
Any light refreshing wind; a gentle breeze.
Anything of fine, soft, or light quality, especially fabric.

zeptomole /ˈzɛptoʊˌmoʊl/ /ˈzɛptəʊˌməʊl/ zeptomoles n
zeptomole
(chemistry, physics) One 10-21th part of a mole, or about 600 molecules of a substance, SI symbol: zmol.

zerg /zɜː(ɹ)ɡ/ v
zergler zerguer
(slang, video games, strategy games) To attack an opponent with a large swarm of units before they have been able to build sufficient defences.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ adj
nul
(informal) No, not any.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ zeroes zeros n
zéro
The numeric symbol that represents the cardinal number zero.
The digit 0 in the decimal, binary, and all other base numbering systems.
(informal, uncountable) Nothing, or none.
The value of a magnitude corresponding to the cardinal number zero.
The point on a scale at which numbering or measurement originates.
(mathematics, algebra) The additive identity element of a monoid or greater algebraic structure, particularly a group or ring.
(slang) A person of little or no importance.
A setting of calibrated instruments such as a firearm, corresponding to a zero value.
(finance) A security which has a zero coupon (paying no periodic interest).

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ numeral
zéro
The cardinal number occurring before one and that denotes no quantity or amount at all, represented in Arabic numerals as 0.

zero /ˈzi(ˌ)ɹoʊ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹaʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʉ/ /ˈzɪə.ɹəʊ/ /ˈzɪɹ(ˌ)oʊ/ v
mettre à zéro zéroter
(transitive) To set some amount to be zero.

zero article zero articles n
article zéro
(grammar) The non-appearance of an article before a noun.

zero divisor zero divisors n
diviseur de zéro
(algebra, ring theory) A nonzero element a of a ring R for which there exists some nonzero element x ∈ R such that either ax = 0 or xa = 0.

zero gravity n
gravité zéro
The state of apparent weightlessness which occurs in a very low gravity field, or in free fall.

zero tolerance n
tolérance zéro
The strict policy of enforcing all the laws of a state, or the rules of an institution, and allowing no toleration or compromise even for first-time offenders or petty violations.

zero-hour contract zero-hour contracts n
contrat zéro heure
(UK) A contract of employment that creates an on-call arrangement in which the employee agrees to be available for work as and when required, without any particular number of hours or times of work being specified or guaranteed.

zero-knowledge proof zero-knowledge proofs n
preuve à divulgation nulle de connaissance
(cryptography) An interactive method for one party to prove to another that a (usually mathematical) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement.

zero-sum game zero-sum games n
jeu à somme nulle
(game theory) A game (or a similar political or economic system) in which the gains of some players must equal the losses of others.

zeroth /ˈziɹoʊθ/ /ˈzɪəɹəʊθ/ /ˈzɪɹoʊθ/ adj
zérotième nullième zéroième
(mathematics) In the initial position in a sequence whose elements are numbered starting at zero; the ordinal number corresponding to zero.

zerovalent adj
zérovalent
(inorganic chemistry) Having a valency of zero

zest /zɛst/ zests n
zeste
The outer skin of a citrus fruit, used as a flavouring or garnish.
entrain
(by extension) Enthusiasm; keen enjoyment; relish; gusto.

zester zesters n
zesteuse
A kitchen implement used to remove the zest of citrus fruit.

zesty /ˈzɛsti/ more zesty most zesty zestier zestiest adj
de zest piquant épicé
Having a piquant or pungent taste; spicy.

zeta /ˈzeɪtə/ /ˈziː.tə/ zetas n
zéta zêta
The sixth letter of the modern Greek alphabet (Ζ, ζ) preceded by epsilon (Ε, ε) and followed by eta, (Η, η); or the seventh letter in the ancient Greek alphabet, in which it is preceded by digamma (Ϝ, ϝ)

zetetic /zə.ˈtɛt.ɪk/ adj
zététique

zetetic /zə.ˈtɛt.ɪk/ zetetics n
zététique
A skeptic.

zetta- /ˈzɛtə/ prefix
zetta-
In the International System of Units and other metric systems of units, multiplying the unit to which it is attached by 1021 (a short scale sextillion or long scale trilliard). Symbol: Z

zettaampere zettaamperes n
zettaampère
An SI unit measure of electrical current, equivalent to 1021 amperes (a sextillion amperes). 'ZA' is the SI unit symbol for the zettaampere.

zettametre zettametres n
zettamètre
1021 metres

zeugma /ˈzjuːɡ.mə/ /ˈzuːɡ.mə/ zeugmas zeugmata n
zeugma
(rhetoric) The act of using a word, particularly an adjective or verb, to apply to more than one noun when its sense is appropriate to only one.

zeugmatic adj
zeugmatique
Involving zeugma.

zhanmadao zhanmadaos n
zhanmadao

ziggurat /ˈzɪɡəˌɹæt/ /ˈzɪɡʊˌɹæt/ ziggurats n
ziggurat ziggourat
A temple tower of the ancient Mesopotamian valley, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories

zigzag /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ zigzags n
zigzag
A line or path that proceeds by sharp turns in alternating directions.

zigzag /ˈzɪɡ.zæɡ/ v
zigzaguer
To move or to twist in a zigzag manner.

zilch /zɪlt͡ʃ/ zilches n
que dalle que pouic
(uncountable, informal) Nothing, zero.

zillion /ˈzɪljən/ zillions n
trouzillion
(slang, hyperbole) An unspecified large number (of); a gazillion.

zinc /zɪŋk/ zincs n
zinc
(countable) A single atom of this element.

zinc /zɪŋk/ v
zinguer

zinc oxide n
oxyde de zinc
(chemistry) An amorphous solid, ZnO, white when pure but often pale yellow, used in pigments and cosmetics

zinckenite n
zinkénite

zincworker zincworkers n
zingueur
One who works with zinc.

zine /ziːn/ zines n
brochure
A low-circulation, non-commercial publication of original or appropriated texts and images, especially one of minority interest.

zineb zinebs n
zinèbe
An organic fungicide and insecticide sprayed on cereal grasses, fruit trees, etc.

zing /zi(ː)ŋ/ /zɪŋ/ zings n
sève vitalité
(uncountable) Zest or vitality.

zinnia zinnias n
zinnia
Any of several brightly coloured flowering plants, of the genus Zinnia, native to tropical America; old maid.

zino zinos n
zino
(physics) The superpartner of the Z-boson.

zip /zɪp/ v
compresser zipper
(intransitive, followed by a preposition) To move rapidly (in a specified direction or to a specified place) with a high-pitched sound.

zip fastener zip fasteners n
fermeture éclair tirette
A fastener used in clothing, bags, etc, comprised of two rows of teeth that are made to fit into each other by moving a slider along their length and opened again by moving the slider in the other direction.

zip up v
compresser
To convert a computer file into a smaller package.

zipline /ˈzɪpˌlaɪn/ ziplines n
tyrolienne
A pulley suspended on a cable mounted on an incline, designed to enable a user to travel from one point to another by means of gravity.

zippy /ˈzɪpi/ zippier zippiest adj
entraînant vif
(informal) Energetic and lively.

zircon /ˈzɜː(ɹ)kən/ zircons n
zircon
(uncountable) A mineral occurring in tetragonal crystals, usually of a brown or grey colour and consisting of silica and zirconia.

zirconia /zɜːˈkəʊ.ni.ə/ /zɝˈkoʊ.ni.ə/ zirconias n
zircone
(chemistry) The oxide of zirconium, obtained as a white powder, and possessing both acid and basic properties. On account of its infusibility, and brilliant luminosity when incandescent, it is used as an ingredient of sticks for the Drummond light.

zirconium /zɜːɹˈkoʊniəm/ zirconiums n
zirconium
A chemical element (symbol Zr) with an atomic number of 40, a strong, lustrous, grey-white transition metal mainly used as a refractory and opacifier.

zither /ˈzɪ.ðə/ /ˈzɪ.ðɚ/ zithers n
cithare
(music) A musical instrument consisting of a flat sounding box with numerous strings placed on a horizontal surface, played with a plectrum or fingertips.

zitting cisticola zitting cisticolas n
cysticole des joncs
A species of passerine bird, Cisticola juncidis, family Cisticolidae, distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and Australasia.

zloty /zlɑti/ /zlɒti/ zlote zloties zloty zlotych zlotys n
zloty złoty
The currency unit of Poland, divided into 100 groszy.

zodiac /ˈzoʊ.diˌæk/ /ˈzəʊ.dɪˌæk/ zodiacs n
zodiaque
(astrology) The twelve equal divisions of the zodiacal region into signs or houses, each named for a prominent constellation in the region.
(astronomy) The ecliptic: the belt-like region of the celestial sphere corresponding to the apparent path of the sun over the course of a year.

zodiac sign zodiac signs n
signe du zodiaque
(astrology) Any of the twelve star signs corresponding to the constellations which make up the zodiac.

zodiacal /zoʊˈdaɪ.ə.kəl/ more zodiacal most zodiacal adj
zodiacal
(astronomy, astrology) Of or pertaining to the zodiac.

zograscope /ˈzɒɡɹəskəʊp/ zograscopes n
zograscope

zolotnik zolotniki zolotniks n
zolotnik
An old Russian unit of weight, equal to 1/96 of a pound or approximately 4.2658 grams.

zombie /ˈzɑmbi/ /ˈzɒmbi/ zombies n
zombi zombie
(computing) A computer affected by malware which causes it to do whatever the attacker wants it to do without the user's knowledge.

zombify v
zombifier
(transitive, fictional) To turn into a zombie (a member of the living dead or undead).

zona pellucida zonae pellucidae zonæ pellucidæ n
zona pellucida zone pellucide
(anatomy) A glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte.

zonality zonalities n
zonalité
The state or condition of being zonal.

zone /zoʊn/ /zəʊn/ zones n
zone
A given area distinguished on the basis of a particular characteristic, use, restriction, etc.

zone of proximal development zones of proximal development n
zone proximale de développement
A concept developed by Soviet psychologist and social constructivist Lev Vygotsky: the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help.

zone-tailed hawk zone-tailed hawks n
buse à queue barrée
(Buteo albonotatus), a medium-sized hawk of warm, dry parts of the Americas

zongzi /ˈtsʊŋˈtsɪ/ /ˈzʊŋzɪ/ zongzi zongzis n
zongzi
A traditional Chinese dumpling of glutinous rice stuffed with a savoury or sweet filling, wrapped in large flat leaves, and cooked by steaming or boiling.

zoning zonings n
zonage
(legal) Legislative action for the purpose of regulating the use of property and the construction of buildings within the area under the jurisdiction of the legislative body concerned.

zonked /zɒŋkt/ more zonked most zonked adj
crevé crevée
(slang) Extremely fatigued.

zonohedron zonohedra n
zonoèdre
(geometry) A special case of convex polyhedron, in which every face of the polyhedron is a polygon with point symmetry.

zoo /zuː/ zoos n
zoo
A park where live animals are exhibited.

zoo- /ˈzoʊ.oʊ/ /ˈzoʊ.ə/ /ˈzəʊ.ə/ /ˈzəʊ.əʊ/ prefix
zoo-
animal

zooarchaeology n
zooarchéologie
The study of animal remains at archaeological sites.

zoochory /ˈzuːəˌkɔːɹi/ /ˈzəʊəˌkɔːɹi/ n
zoochorie
The dispersal of seeds, spores, or fruit by animals.

zoogeographic adj
zoogéographique
Of or relating to zoogeography; concerning the geographic distribution of animals. [from 19th c.]

zoogeography zoogeographies n
zoogéographie
The scientific study of the geographical distribution of animal species.

zookeeper /ˈzuːkipɚ/ zookeepers n
gardien de zoo gardienne de zoo
A person employed at a zoo to attend to the animals.

zoolater zoolaters n
zoolâtre
A worshipper of animals

zoolatry /zoʊˈɑlətɹi/ /zuˈɑlətɹi/ /zuːˈɒlətɹi/ /zəʊˈɒlətɹi/ n
zoolâtrie
The worship of animals.

zoological /zoʊəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /zuəˈlɑd͡ʒɪkəl/ /zəʊəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkəl/ more zoological most zoological adj
zoologique
Of, or relating to, animals.
Of, or relating to, zoology.

zoological garden /ˌzoʊəˈlɑdʒɪkəl ˈɡɑɹdən/ /ˌzuə-/ /ˌzəʊəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈɡɑːdən/ zoological gardens n
jardin zoologique
(formal) A zoo, a park where live animals are exhibited.

zoologically adv
zoologiquement
With regard to zoology.

zoologist /zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒɪst/ /zuˈɑlədʒɪst/ /zuːˈɒlədʒɪst/ /zəʊˈɒləd͡ʒɪst/ zoologists n
zoologiste zoologue
One who studies zoology.

zoology /zoʊˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuˈɑləd͡ʒi/ /zuːˈɒləd͡ʒi/ /zəʊˈɒlədʒi/ zoologies n
zoologie
The part of biology relating to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct.

zoom /zuːm/ zooms n
sifflement vrombissement
A humming noise from something moving very fast.

zoom /zuːm/ v
cabrer
To go up sharply.
To manipulate a display so as to magnify or shrink it.

zoom in /ˌzuːm ˈɪn/ v
zoomer
(intransitive) To increase the focal length of a zoom lens in order to obtain a magnified image, or a close-up.

zoom lens /zu(ː)m lɛnz/ zoom lenses n
objectif à focale variable zoom
(photography) A lens containing a mechanical assembly of inner lenses, allowing the focal length to be changed rapidly.

zoom out v
dézoomer
(intransitive) To decrease the focal length of a zoom lens in order to obtain a reduced magnification of the image, or a wider-angle view.
(intransitive) To manipulate a display (such as a computer screen) so as to make the image smaller and possibly less detailed.

zoomorphism zoomorphisms n
zoomorphisme

zoonosis /zoʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /zəʊ.ˈɒn.ə.sɪs/ /ˌzoʊ.əˈnoʊ.sɪs/ zoonoses n
zoonose
(biology, microbiology) An animal disease, such as rabies or anthrax, that can be transmitted to humans.

zoonotic /ˌzoʊ.ə.ˈnɑ.tɪk/ /ˌzu.ə.ˈnɑ.tɪk/ /ˌzu.ˈnɑ.tɪk/ /ˌzuː.ə.ˈnɒ.tɪk/ /ˌzuː.ˈnɒ.tɪk/ /ˌzɐʉ.ɘ.ˈnɔ.tɘk/ /ˌzəʊ.ə.ˈnɒ.tɪk/ /ˌzʉ.ɘ.ˈnɔ.tɘk/ /ˌzʉ.ˈnɔ.tɘk/ adj
zoonotique
relating to, or having a zoonosis

zoonym zoonyms n
zoonyme
(linguistics) The common name for a (species of) animal

zoopathology /ˌzəʊəpəˈθɒlədʒi/ n
zoopathologie
Animal pathology; veterinary pathology.

zoophagous adj
zoophage
carnivorous

zoophagy n
zoophagie
(rare) The feeding on animals

zoophilia /ˈzoʊ.oʊfiliə/ /ˈzoʊ.əfiliə/ /ˈzəʊ.əfɪliə/ /ˈzəʊ.əʊfɪliə/ zoophilias n
zoophilie
Human sexual attraction toward or sexual interaction with non-human animals.

zoophobia zoophobias n
zoophobie
An unusual fear of animals.

zooplankton /ˌzoʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ /ˌzəʊ.əˈplæŋk.tən/ zooplankton zooplanktons n
zooplancton
(zoology) Free-floating small protozoa, crustaceans (such as krill), etc. and the eggs and larvae from larger animals.

zoosporangium zoosporangia n
zoosporange
(botany) A sporangium, or conceptacle containing or producing zoospores.

zootechnically adv
zootechniquement

zootechnics n
zootechnie
animal husbandry

zootomy /zoʊˈɑdəmi/ /zəʊˈɒtəmi/ zootomies n
zootomie
(zoology) The dissection or anatomy of animals.

zope zopes n
brème bleue
A fish of species Ballerus ballerus (syn. Abramis ballerus) native to Eurasia.

zorbing n
zorbing
(originally, _, New Zealand) A sport in which a participant is secured inside a zorb and rolled downhill.

zorse /zɔɹs/ /zɔːs/ zorses n
zébrule
The offspring of a male zebra and a female horse.

zoëa /zoʊˈi.ə/ zoëae zoëas n
zoé
(zoology) A larval stage of certain decapod crustaceans, especially of decapods such as crabs and certain Anomura, also called the copepod stage, characterized by spines on the carapace and rudimentary thoracic and abdominal limbs.

zubron /ˈʒuːbɹɔːn/ zubronie zubrons n
żubroń
(uncommon) A hybrid between domestic cattle and wisent.

zucchetto /(t)sʊˈkɛtoʊ/ /tsʊˈkɛtəʊ/ zucchettos n
calotte submitrale
A small skullcap worn by Roman Catholic clergy (the Pope's is white, a cardinal's red, a bishop's purple, and a priest's black), Anglican clergy, and Syriac or Malankara Orthodox clergy

zugzwang /-swæŋ/ /-swɑŋ/ /-zwɑŋ/ /ˈtsuːktswɑŋ/ /ˈzuːɡ-/ /ˈzʊɡ-/ /ˈzʌɡzwæŋ/ zugzwangs zugzwänge n
zugzwang
(chess) A situation in which a player is forced to make a disadvantageous move.
(figurative) A situation in which someone is forced to make a disadvantageous move.

zunyite n
zunyite
(mineral) A fluorosilicate mineral of alumina occurring in tetrahedral crystals, chemical formula Al13Si5O20(OH,F)18Cl.

zwitterion /ˈtsvɪtəɹ.aɪən/ /ˈtswɪtəɹ.aɪən/ /ˈzwɪtəɹ.aɪən/ zwitterions n
zwitterion
(chemistry) A molecule, such as an amino acid, that carries both a positive and a negative charge.

zydeco /ˈzaɪdəkoʊ/ n
zydéco
A form of Louisiana Creole music, characteristically performed by accordion and washboard bands, that combines Cajun and Creole roots music with elements of African American music.

zygomatic /ˌzaɪ.ɡəˈmæt.ɪk/ /ˌzɪɡ.ə(ʊ)ˈmat.ɪk/ /ˌzʌɪ.ɡə(ʊ)ˈmat.ɪk/ adj
zygomatique
(anatomy, relational) Of, relating to, or located in the area of the zygomatic bone or zygomatic arch.

zygomorphic more zygomorphic most zygomorphic adj
zygomorphe
(biology) having bilateral symmetry

zygopteran zygopterans n
demoiselle zygoptère
Any of various insects of the order Zygoptera; damselfly.

zygote /ˈzaɪɡoʊt/ /ˈzaɪɡəʊt/ zygotes n
zygote
A fertilized egg cell.

zygotic adj
zygotique
(biology) Of, pertaining to or existing as a zygote.

zymase zymases n
zymase
(enzyme) Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the fermentation of simple carbohydrates to ethanol and carbon dioxide.

zymotherapy n
zymothérapie
(medicine) therapy based on naturally-occurring enzymes

zythologist zythologists n
zythologue
A beer connoisseur.

zythology /zaɪˈθɑ.lə.d͡ʒi/ /zaɪˈθɒ.lə.d͡ʒi/ n
zythologie
The study of beer and beer-brewing. [from 21st c.]

zythophile zythophiles n
zythophile
(rare) A person who loves beer.

zzz [zːːː] interjection
zzz

Åland /ˈɑlənd/ /ˈɔːlənd/ pn
Åland
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Æsir /ˈeɪ(ˌ)siɚ/ /ˈeɪ(ˌ)sɪɹ/ /ˈeɪ(ˌ)ziɚ/ /ˈeɪ(ˌ)zɪɹ/ /ˈiːsə/ /ˈʌɪsɪə/ Áss pn
Ase
The principal group of benevolent deities in the Norse pantheon, representing power and war; opponents of the Vanir.

Çoruh pn
Tchorokhi Çoruh
A river in Turkey flowing north through the Armenian Highland and emptying into the Black Sea in the Adjara region of Georgia.

Élysée pn
Élysée
The official residence of the President of France.

Érone pn
Érone
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Île-de-France pn
Île-de-France
A domestic sheep breed originally from the region.

Öland pn
Öland
The second-largest island of Sweden.

à la carte /ˌæ.læˈkɑːt/ /ˌæ.ləˈkɑːt/ /ˌɑ.lɑˈkɑɹt/ /ˌɑ.ləˈkɑɹt/ adj
à la carte
(food and drink) Allowing selection from a fixed list of individually priced options shown on the menu.

éclair /eɪ-/ /ɪˈklɛə/ /ɪˈklɛɹ/ éclairs n
éclair
A small chocolate-covered creme-filled pastry puff in a general oblong shape, typically larger than the miniature French version.

éclat /eɪˈklɑː/ /eɪˈklɔː/ éclats n
éclat
A brilliant or successful effect; brilliance of success or effort; splendor; brilliant show; striking effect; glory; renown.

écu /eɪˈkuː/ écus n
écu
(historical) A silver coin formerly used in France, with varying values.

élan /eɪˈlæn/ /eɪˈlɑːn/ élans n
élan
Spirit; zeal; ardor.

éminence grise /ˌeɪ-/ /ˌɛmɪnɑns ˈɡɹiz/ /ˌɛmɪnɒns ˈɡɹiːz/ éminence grises éminences grises n
éminence grise
(idiomatic) A secret or unofficial decision-maker.

übermensch /ˈuːbərmɛnʃ/ übermenschen n
surhomme
(in Nietzschean, _, philosophy) An overman (“higher” man) who has overcome (transcended) his (mere) humanity. (There is no consensus regarding the exact nature of the figure of the übermensch in Nietzsche’s philosophy.)

Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship pn
voïvodie de Sainte-Croix
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λ/4 film λ/4 films n
lame quart d'onde lame λ/4
(technology) Film having a retardation of a quarter of a specified wavelength, used with a polarizer film to lower the reflectance of a display significantly.

π-system π-systems n
pi-système π-système
(set theory, measure theory, probability theory) A non-empty collection of subsets of a given set Ώ that is closed under non-empty finite intersections.

σ-algebra /ˈsɪɡ.mə ˈæl.dʒɪ.bɹə/ σ-algebras n
tribu σ-algèbre